some observations made upon the malabar nutt imported from the indies shewing its admirable virtues in curing the kings-evil beyond any thing yet found out / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to his friend in london troubled with that distemper. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1694 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56764 wing p934 estc r27603 09981199 ocm 09981199 44434 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56764) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44434) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:16) some observations made upon the malabar nutt imported from the indies shewing its admirable virtues in curing the kings-evil beyond any thing yet found out / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to his friend in london troubled with that distemper. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 7 p. [s.n.], london : 1694. attributed also to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng scrofula. therapeutics -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-04 andrew kuster sampled and proofread 2006-04 andrew kuster text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the malabar nutt , imported from the indies : shewing its admirable virtues in curing the kings-evil , beyond any thing yet found out . written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to his friend in london , troubled with that distemper . london , printed in the year 1694. some observations made upon the malabar nutt , imported from the indies : in a letter , shewing its admirable vertues , in curing the kings evil , &c. sir , when i call to mind the saying of the excellent mr boyle , viz. that if we were masters of specifick remedies , we might render the ways of curing diseases less painfull , and thereby gratifie sick persons , and not affright them by the use of tormenting methods , by blisters , cupping glasses , purges , vomits , issues , and scarifications : i could not choose but set pen to paper , and communicate this wonderfull remedy , which i have had so much experience of . in the use of the above-named smarting remedies , many that recover endure much more for health , than many that are justly reckoned amongst martyrs , did for religion . upon which account ( saith mr. boyle ) i look upon the discovering of specifick remedies as the greatest acts of charity , and such as by which a man may really more oblige mankind , and relieve more distressed persons , than if he built an hospital . the strange and almost miraculous cures , that i have known wrought by the malabar nutt , in the kings-evil , would fill a man with wonder and amazement : and indeed , to see so many tumors under the throat , and in other parts , to fall and disappear ; to see running soars dry'd up , and weak limbs restored to their strength , upon the use of such a plain simple medicine , is exceeding remarkable , and the author of nature ought to be highly magnified , for giving such vertue unto plants and trees , for the good of his creatures . i am told by a good author , that a divine who was sent to preach the gospel to the indians , being a man skilfull in physick , wrought such wonderfull cures amongst them , by the use of their own remedies , that they thought he confirmed his doctrine by miracles . the nature of this admirable nut , is to rectifie the blood , alter the humours , mend the liver and spleen , restore the digestive ferments of the stomack and bowels , and changes the whole habit of the body , casting salt as it were into the springs of nature , whereby they become pure and wholsome , and thereby conveighs kindly nutriment to the parts . i knew a young lad in our town , who was grievously afflicted with scrophulous tumours under his throat , had been touched by the royal hand , and worn gold , and that a long time , yet the distemper returned spring and fall , untill he was directed unto the use of this soveraign nutt , and then his sores dryed up like a brook in summer . i could tell you of another young man , who had consulted with divers chyrurgeons , and had been stroaked by seven seventh sons , and all to no purpose , untill he applyed himself to the use of this remedy : and then he wonderfully recovered . a pretty young gentlewoman , who had her face extreamly disfigured by the evil , and her spirits broken with grief upon that account , was speedily restored to a great measure of her former beauty , by drops chymically drawn out of this nutt . a woman whose limbs were distorted , like the womans in the gospel , whom satan had bound eighteen years , and when she walked was an object of great pity , gained wonderfull strength in her limbs by the use of this remedy ; but she could not have a perfect cure without a miracle . many young children have received compleat cures by the use of this remedy , whose bodies were wonderfully annoyed with loathsome humours proceeding from this disease , therefore i think the world ought to take notice of it . finis . some observations made upon the root called serapias or salep, imported from turkey shewing its admirable virtues in preventing womens miscarriages / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to his friend in london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1694 approx. 4 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56770 wing p938 estc r27607 09981275 ocm 09981275 44438 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56770) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44438) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:20) some observations made upon the root called serapias or salep, imported from turkey shewing its admirable virtues in preventing womens miscarriages / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to his friend in london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 7 p. s.n.], [london : 1694. attributed also to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng miscarriage -early works to 1800. therapeutics -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-05 jonathan blaney sampled and proofread 2006-05 jonathan blaney text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the root called serapias , or salep , imported from turkey . shewing its admirable virtues in preventing womens miscarriages . written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to his friend in london . printed in the year 1694. some observations made upon the root called serapias , or salep , imported from turkey . in a letter , &c. sir , i perceive by your letter , that your lady is subject to frequent miscarriages , and finds her health very much impaired thereby . i greatly compassionate your condition , because it occasions melancholly thoughts , to consider that you are not like to survive in your posterity , virtuous children being the best monuments to preserve our names to future ages . i 'll therefore give you the best advice i can : and i think i am obliged to communicate what i know , for the good of mankind : therefore , i pray take notice , that the root above named hath done great service in preventing womens miscarriages , whereof i could give many examples . i observe , that our yearly bills of mortality give an account of many hundreds of children that are lost in a year by abortion ; besides the great danger that many women are exposed unto upon that account . i know there are many causes of abortion , but let it proceed from wind , or weakness , or sharp humours , or any of those usual causes , which are well known to women , yet this root affords help in them all ; but it neither purges , vomits , nor sweats , but performs its operation only by corroborating nature , and mending the soyl , that it may be rendred fit to bear fruit , and to preserve it untill it 's ripe . there are very few gentlewomen who have had children , but to their sorrow understand , that one miscarriage doth impair nature , and injures their health , more than several natural compleat births . this root not only prevents the womans coming before her time , but also gives a safe , speedy and easie delivery when natures time is accomplisht . i have told this remedy unto divers midwives , and they familiarly recommend it to their women , and by this means we have very few miscarriages , or very rarely need the help of mans hands to bring the child into the world : our wives are like the hebrew women we read of , speedily delivered . i could tell you of a citizens wife , who had miscarried of five children , and almost brought to deaths door with every one . we gave her broaths and caudles made with this root beaten to powder , and she went out her time , and is now bravely brought to bed of a lusty lad , like to live to do his king and countrey good service . another gentlewoman , a justice of the peace his wife , who had miscarried eleven times , and spent many pounds upon advice in order to prevention , but all in vain , at length she was recommended to the drops drawn out of this root , which she drank three times a day in tent , or what liquor she pleased ; and although she had many frights , yet they made no impression upon her , she went out her time , and had a good delivery , and enjoys an heir to the family . an eminent midwife told me , she had recommended this root to a gentlewoman who had been married nine years , and had never been with child ; she made caudles with it , which she drank every morning one month , and proved with child , to the great joy of her hushand . some authors say , 't was the flowers that grew upon this root , were the mandrakes of leah we read of , because they had the resemblance of a man. finis . some observations made upon the bengala bean imported from the indies shewing its admirable virtues in curing all sorts of hemorrages, and particularly spitting of blood / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to one of his patients in london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1694 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56758 wing p929 estc r27600 09981141 ocm 09981141 44431 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56758) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44431) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:13) some observations made upon the bengala bean imported from the indies shewing its admirable virtues in curing all sorts of hemorrages, and particularly spitting of blood / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to one of his patients in london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 7 p. s.n.], [london : 1694. attributed also to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng hemorrhage -early works to 1800. therapeutics -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-05 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-06 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2006-06 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the bengala bean , imported from the indies : shewing its admirable virtues in curing all sorts of hemorrages , and particularly spitting of blood. written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to one of his patients in london . printed in the year 1694. some observations made upon the bengala bean , imported from the indies : in a letter , &c. sir , ieceived yours , wherein you give me an account of your dangerous disaster , which greatly threatens your life , viz. your frequent spitting of blood , proceeding from the acrimony of that vital liquor . long and frequent evacuations of that kind must of necessity spend the spirits , weaken nature , and shorten life : i therefore recommend to you a most excellent specifick in your distemper , viz. the bengala bean ; which is of a healing balsamick nature , moderately stiptick , of a very temperate quality , and affords an excellent soder to the veins and arteries , where any breach is made on them by the defluxions of a sharp corroding humour : it mitigates the acidity of all salt rhumes which invade the lungs , and threaten a consumption . it checks the violence of coughing , and easeth pains in the breast , it rarely thickens and incrassates the blood , and gives it a good consistence , whereby it prevents all sorts of hemorrages of blood. dr. smith , the author of the book called solomon's pourtraicture of old age , tells of a young virgin , a patient of his , who dyed in twenty four hours space , of a violent flux of blood , from all parts of her body ; as nose , ears , eyes , mouth , &c. had he been so happy as to have known this remedy , i don't know but he might have saved her , with god almighty's blessing . we cannot now apply our selves in our issues of blood , to so happy a remedy as the hem of our saviours garment , and therefore must make use of the best means we can , and be thankful if we find relief by any . i could tell you a strange story of a young gentleman who was troubled with a hemoptosie , or spitting of blood for many weeks , so that he despair'd of life . he had open'd a vein twice , had used all the common forms of medicines , as frictions , ligatures , fomentations , gentle purgatives , and what else could be thought on by the ablest physicians ; but nothing could cure the rupture of the vessels about the lungs , untill he applyed himself unto the drops drawn out of this balsamick bean , and drinking them sometimes in cows milk , and sometimes in asses and goats milk , was wonderderfully cured . i knew a learned divine , who straining his voice in preaching , had broke a vein in his lungs ; and after the use of many prescriptions , which proved insignificant , he at length used these vulnerary drops in wine and water , and he experienced a mighty advantage thereby , to the immortal praise of the great physician above . a labouring man about forty years of age , who fell from the top of a house , and bruised his breast , which occasioned spitting of blood : i gave him these drops in mead seven days , and all his pains abated , and he spit no more blood , nor felt any more pain . a child about twelve years of age , being troubled with a violent cough , which caused him to spit and vomit blood , a great quantity , after he had taken many fantastical medicines , as fryed mice , john and jones bread , sate with his naked buttocks upon a bears back , and been toss'd seven or nine times over a bramble-bush , &c. at last he took these drops in claret-wine and water , and was cured of his chin-cough , his whooping ceased , and his spitting went off . an elderly person , who was continually bleeding at the nose , and other parts , was wonderfully rescued from the jaws of death , by the use of these drops in milk and water . finis . some observations made upon the barbado seeds shewing their admirable virtue in curing dropsies / written by a physitian in the countrey to sir george ent at london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1694 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56757 wing p928 estc r27599 09981116 ocm 09981116 44430 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56757) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44430) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:12) some observations made upon the barbado seeds shewing their admirable virtue in curing dropsies / written by a physitian in the countrey to sir george ent at london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. ent, george, sir, 1604-1689. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 7 p. [s.n.], london : 1694. attributed also to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng edema -early works to 1800. therapeutics -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-04 andrew kuster sampled and proofread 2006-04 andrew kuster text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the barbado seeds , shewing their admirable virtue in curing dropsies . written by a physitian in the countrey to sir george ent at london . london , printed in the year 1694. some observations made upon the barbado seeds , shewing their admirable virtue in curing dropsies . in a letter , &c. sir , according to your desire , i have made many experiments with the barbado seeds you sent me , and i find them wonderful serviceable against dropsies ; they open the sluces of nature , and let the watery humours run away both by seige and urine , and that in a very plentiful manner , with very little disturbance to nature . if you have any more indian specificks , i pray send them into the countrey , and i will make observations upon them , and i hope with as good success ; for by this method the art of physick is likely to be much improved , and in time we may be able to answer the lord bacon's desire , viz. to write a history of the cures of diseases thought to be incurable . i was lately sent for six miles from my own house to a countrey farmer , who was miserably swelled by the dropsie , not only his belly , but his leggs and whole habit of body ; i had given him many medicines , but i found that his stubborn disease would not give way , and at length trying your specifick in several forms , i perceived a plentiful evacuation of water by seige and urine , he is become very lank , and his colour begins to return , and i hope by the use of good volatile salts and bitter medicines to restore the ferments to the several parts , and prevent the danger of a relapse . another person who was a servant , was so exceedingly swelled , that his friends had all concluded that he must be tapp'd , but having heard of the former cure , came ten miles to my house , being brought in his master's coach ; i used the same method , and in due time cured him . i must needs own , as mr. boyle saith , that the theories of divers diseases are so hotly disputed amongst many eminent physitians , that in many cases a man may discern more probability of the success of the remedy , than of the truth of the received notion of the disease . and as the controverted methods are not to this day agreed on , nor establisht in the schools themselves , so divers who are not acquainted with the schools , do by the help of experience and good specificks , and the method their mother wit and other emergency prompts them to take , do very great and extraordinary cures ; the causes of diseases are much less certain , and much more disputed than the uninquisitive imagine : nor are the methods of curing , which depends upon those causes , settled as they should be ; and therefore he fears that the generality of physitians have but an imperfect method in the cure of many diseases ; and therefore he observes that the communicating some good medicines in an unpolished manner , though they may disparage an author , yet they may save the life of a patient . these considerations have encouraged me to communicate my observations of this nature , which may a little gratifie the inquisitive part of mankind , until the learned dr. sloan , from whom we expect considerable informations , gives us a more compleat account of american rarities , and their medicinal opperations . this i must say , that after universal evacuations by purging , vomitting , sweating , which ought to be left to the prudence of able and experienced physitians : i have ever found specifick allerative remedies wonderful advantagious . many persons of different ages and sexes have been cured of dropsies by these seeds , taking only the spirit , the tincture , and the extract of the same , sometimes in broom-beer , and sometimes in rhenish-wine , only observing an agreeable dyet , and enduring thirst as much as may be . finis . some observations made upon the maldiva nut shewing its admirable virtue in giving an easie, safe, and speedy delivery to women in child-bed / written by a physitian in the countrey to dr. hinton at london, 1663. physitian in the countrey. 1694 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56765 wing p935 estc r27604 09981217 ocm 09981217 44435 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56765) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44435) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:17) some observations made upon the maldiva nut shewing its admirable virtue in giving an easie, safe, and speedy delivery to women in child-bed / written by a physitian in the countrey to dr. hinton at london, 1663. physitian in the countrey. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 7 p. [s.n.], london : 1694. attributed (probably erroneously) by wing to john peachi, since he was not admitted an extra-licentiate of the college of physicians until 1683. also attributed to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng parturition -early works to 1800. childbirth -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-04 andrew kuster sampled and proofread 2006-04 andrew kuster text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the maldiva nut : shewing its admirable virtue in giving an easie , safe and speedy delivery to women in child-bed . written by a physitian in the countrey to dr. hinton at london . 1663. london , printed in the year 1694. some observations made upon the maldiva nut ; shewing its admirable virtue in giving an easie , safe and speedy delivery to women in child-bed . sir , i received your last , with your request , to know what specifick i have observed in the indies to be most effectual against difficult labour in women , which amongst us in europe sweeps away so many people . i must tell you , that i have been very curious in taking notice of this particular case and have observed them to make great use of the maldiva nut , with very good success . dr. grew tells us , that one of these nuts was presented as a great rarity to the royal society at gresham-colledge , generally esteemed in the indies worth twenty five pounds . it 's death for any common people to meddle with them , as being the kings profit . augerius clusius hath written a book in commendation of this rare nut , and given many examples of the wonderful cures wrought by it , and particularly of a patient of his , a citizen of amsterdam , whose life was in great danger by an acute disease , when all other means failed , very much importuned him to prescribe him the maldiva nut , which the patient had seen do great cures in india , and particularly in womens difficult labour , and therefore told clusius it could do him no injury if it did him no good ; upon which he gave it him , and the man speedily recovered ; upon which he gave dr. clusius a piece of the nut , with which he gave relief to many women in difficult labour . dr. groll tells us of the wife of one bernardus , who had been tormented for three days with most violent pains of child bearing , and filled all the neighbourhood with her outcries ; when all things had been given as are usual in that case , and to no purpose , he then gave her the powder of this nut in a little sirrup and water that 's usual in that case , upon the use of which she was speedily and safely delivered of a child , to the great joy and comfort of the mother . he also tells of a shoomakers wife who endured great misery , and was in great danger , her long and acute pains having caused a feavor ; at length the maldiva panacea being administr'd , she was deliver'd of a dead child . dr. clusius tells of the son of a duke , who was strangely recovered from a languishing distemper , only by drinking all his liquid aliment out of this shell , it did mightily corroborate all the power of nature . the famous dr. tulpias used frequently to prescribe this nut with very good success . and mr. parkinson in his herbal tells us , that persons of the best quality in india carry a piece of it always about them , fasten'd to a chain , which they steep in wine or other liquor , as an antidote against any poyson or infections ; and drinking out of the cup made of the shell they look upon as a preservative against all diseases , and a means to keep themselves in a sound and healthful state : he also commends it as very available in womens hard and difficult labour . when i travelled in spain , they used to call it the egyptian midwife , i suppose only by way of allusion to the speedy delivery of the hebrew women by their means . for my own particular , i can truly say , that i have often experienced it to be admirable in that case , if i may beleive the good women in our countrey , and particularly one famous midwife , who hath gotten great reputation by the use of it . i knew a country gentlewoman who by very strait lacing her self , and eating green fruit , and drinking red wines , used to have hard labour , but after she had found out this indian remedy , never met with difficulty in her travels . i could name others but i forbear , because they are needless . finis . some observations made upon the mexico seeds imported from the indies shewing their wonderful virtue against worms in the bodies of men, women and children / written by a countrey physitian to dr. burwell, president of the colledge of physitians in london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1695 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56766 wing p936 estc r35390 15272544 ocm 15272544 103341 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56766) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 103341) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1191:9) some observations made upon the mexico seeds imported from the indies shewing their wonderful virtue against worms in the bodies of men, women and children / written by a countrey physitian to dr. burwell, president of the colledge of physitians in london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. burwell, thomas, 1626-1702. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 7 p. [s.n.], london printed : 1695. attributed to peachi by wing; also sometimes attributed to john pechey. cf. nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the huntington library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng therapeutics -early works to 1800. medicine -early works to 1800. helminths. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-05 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2006-05 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the mexico seeds , imported from the indies : shewing their wonderful virtue against worms in the bodies of men , women , and children . written by a countrey physitian to dr. burwell , president of the colledge of physitians in london . london , printed in the year 1695. some observations made upon the mexico seeds : shewing their wonderful virtue against worms in the bodies of men , women , and children . in a letter , &c. sir , i received your letter , with your desire to know what particular specifick i had ●bserved the indians make most use of against worms ; and i must freely tell you , that i have often seen them give the mexico seeds , which powerfully expels them in men , women , and children . the seeds look like an insect , o● sort of flat worm it self , and is spotted like a leopard ; it is a sort of a palma christi , it resists the putrefaction of humours , and purgeth the stomach and bowels , and drives ou● all sorts of verminous matter by siege , which cause gnawing pains in the body . the deaths of more people is owing to worms than is generally supposed , for they cause vomiting , loosness , feavors , and wha● not . i saw an indian doctor give a medicin● made with these seeds , which expell'd forty worms at one time . many famous physitians have of late year in their observations taken notice , that i● most distempers , especially putrid and malignant feavors , there hath very much 〈◊〉 worms been a cause , which hath made them prove more difficult to cure , and generall● more mortal ; and a curious physitian tells the world , that with the help of microscopes he had discerned in his patients blood , and sometimes in their urine , many animated vermicles , and until he hath applyed himself to the use of worm-matick medicines , could perform no cures ; but upon the use of medicines against worms , he quickly perceived an abatement of all feavourish symptons . i knew a young gentlewoman who had a great pain in her head , much sickness at her stomach , a very pale countenance , want of appetite , and a continual feavourish heat , and sometimes a chillness in her back , and a great faintness . many means i applyed to mend her blood , to cleanse her stomach and to alter the habit of her body , but al● in vain ; at length i gave her this medicine in a decoction of bitter herbs , about twenty drops at a time every new and ful● moon ; she sometimes took it in good mum and now and then in milk , with lavender cotton boiled in it , she voided many worms and wonderfully recover'd . a maid servant who had a gnawing pain in her stomach and bowels , especially being hungry , a dry cough , a loathing , and sometimes vomiting and loosness , a symptomatical feavor , and sleep often disturbed with horrible dreams , starting and gnashing of teeth : but notwithstanding all these formidable symptoms , i gave her the tincture of these seeds , and ordered her to take them in wormwood-wine , and she was restored to a perfect state of health . many young children have been destroyed by worms , because they would not take bitter unpleasant medicines ; but this being given only in drops , and insensibly conveyed into their ordinary drink , hath proved very successful towards the preservation of their lives , especially when clysters have been administer'd made with alloes and worm●eeds boiled in ale , and the belly anointed with oyl of worms . i knew a young gentlewoman , who complaining very much of a great pain in her stomach , especially when she had at any time fasted , she dying very suddenly , her brother ( who was a physitian ) caused her body to be opened , and to the great wonder of the spectators the worms crawled about in a strange manner , which gave abundant satisfaction as to the cause of her death . if this medicine had been known sooner , the lives of thousands might have been saved who made up the numbers in your yearly bills of mortality at london . finis . some observations made upon the serpent stones imported from india shewing their admirable virtues in curing malignant spotted feavers / written by a countrey physitian to dr. burwell, president of the colledge of physitians in london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1694 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 5 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56773 wing p939 estc r27609 09981322 ocm 09981322 44440 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56773) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44440) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:22) some observations made upon the serpent stones imported from india shewing their admirable virtues in curing malignant spotted feavers / written by a countrey physitian to dr. burwell, president of the colledge of physitians in london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. burwell, thomas, 1626-1702. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 8 p. [s.n.], london : 1694. attributed also to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng therapeutics -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-05 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-09 judith siefring sampled and proofread 2006-09 judith siefring text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the serpent stones , imported from the indies : shewing their admirable virtues in curing malignant spotted feavers . written by a countrey physitian to dr. burwell , president of the colledge of physitians in london . london , printed in the year 1694. some observations made upon the serpent stones , shewing their admirable virtues in curing malignant spotted feavers . in a letter , &c. sir , i received your letter of thanks for the last specifick i communicated to you , and that hath proved so successful , that i find you very importunate with me to acquaint you with what i have found most effectual against malignant spotted feavors . i am sorry to hear that london physitians are so often disappointed in the use of vulgar medicines . the great dr. sidenham in his discourse of feavors , tells the world his art is defective in that distemper ; and that if any man can be found who can propose a better method , or communicate a good specifick , for the more effectual cure of that distemper which carryeth so many thousand to their graves , he will prove himself a good citizen . for my own part i declare , i knew no better remedy than the indian serpent stones , for it powerfully expels poysons of all sorts , both externally and internally applyed , it resists putrefaction , promotes insensible transpiration , raiseth the vital spirits , comforts the heart , and gives a new fermentation to the blood , and helps nature to cast off all malignity . i have found it more serviceable than any sort of alexipharmics . mr. boyl in his discourse of specifick remedies , gives very strange accounts of the extraordinary virtues of these stoney concretions , said to be found in the heads of indian serpents , and particularly of an experiment he made himself upon a cat bitten by an enraged viper , which caused its tongue and head to swell , and made the cat raving mad , yet upon giving it a little of the powder of this stone inwardly , it had recovered , had not the rude people killed it by violence . he confesseth that there are many of them counterfeits , and such were those that mounsieur redi made experiments upon . he also tells us , that an eminent physitian of the colledge performed a very great cure by the external application of one of the stones . i was sent for unto a young man who had a very dangerous feavor , and all the symptoms of malignity very well known to physitians ; i gave the usual remedies prescribed in that case ; his distemper threaten'd every day more and more , and all friends despaired of recovery ; at length i gave him a tincture drawn out of these stones , with the powder in substance , and it powerfully expels all the malignity by gentle breathing sweats , and the patient speedily recovered , and gained his strength beyond humane expectation . an ancient gentlewoman who had a high malignant feavor , being first surprized with a rigor , and shivering coldness in her back , and afterwards a hot burning fit , which lasted many hours without any intermission , a low weak pulse , cold , clammy , faint sweats , purple spots in the skin , little or no thirst , a pale thin urine , and very delirous , but no complaint of any pains in the head , or other parts ; a hitch-cough , frequent sighing and dozeing ; i finding all remedies fruitless , gave this specifick , and found a speedy recovery attend it . i could tell you of several familes in our countrey that have been seized with these malignant feavors , that have been secured from the dangers , by the use of this specifick remedy : but i find people generally displeased when physitians mention their names in print , if it be in english ; they are prone to suspect the world never thinks them sound afterwards , and therefore i omit names . i knew one man about fifty , who was seized as if he had been infected with the plague , had swellings under his arms , and all other pestilential symptoms upon him ; and only giving him a few drops of a mixture made with the powder of this stone , he was restoared to health in a miraculous manner . i could name one patient who was saved from death , when two in the same family dyed of the spotted feaver , after they had taken large quantities of bezoar and goa stones . i can truly say with dr. sidenham , in his discourse of pestilential feavors , that i have delivered faithfully all things relating to practice , and never proposed any thing but what i had often and sufficiently tryed ; and when i come to dye , i hope i shall have a chearful witness within my own breast i have done my duty . finis . some observations made upon the banellas imported from the indies shewing their wonderful virtues in curing melancholly and distraction / written by a physitian in the countrey to dr. allen, one of the royal society at london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1694 approx. 6 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 5 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56756 wing p927 estc r27598 09981088 ocm 09981088 44429 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56756) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44429) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:11) some observations made upon the banellas imported from the indies shewing their wonderful virtues in curing melancholly and distraction / written by a physitian in the countrey to dr. allen, one of the royal society at london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 8 p. [s.n.], london : 1694. attributed also to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng depression, mental -early works to 1800. therapeutics -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-04 andrew kuster sampled and proofread 2006-04 andrew kuster text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the banellas , imported from the indies : shewing their wonderful virtues in curing melancholly and distraction . written by a physitian in the countrey to dr. allen , one of the royal society at london . london , printed in the year 1694. some observations made upon the banellas , shewing their wonderful virtues in curing melancholly and distraction . sir , i have a friend at london , whose son is under your care for the cure of his melancholly : i am glad he is under the management of so experienced a physitian . i hear you have blooded him several times , and shaved his head , and blistered him , and given him many purges , which i believe are very proper : i beg leave to recommend an admirable specifick in this distemper , and that is the banella's which come to us from the indies , a tincture , spirit and extract drawn out of them are of excellent use in this young man's case . they have been often tryed , and found serviceable , when other means and methods have failed : they wonderfully chear the heart , and relieve the animal spirits , when oppress'd with hypocondriacal fumes from the spleen . they refine the blood , and clear the brain , and disperse melancholly winds and black humours , which if let alone would end in distraction . a minister about fifty years of age , a grave , serious and devout man , who fell into profound melancholly , occasion'd by hard study and deep thoughts about the prophetical part of scripture , relating unto the future state of the church . he could remember whole nights wherein he had not slept , and whole weeks wherein he had not dined : he had been let blood several times in the jugular veins with a lancet , and in the hemorroide veins with leaches ; his head shaved , and anointed with cephalick oyls ; he had been vomitted and purged very often , and taken mineral waters , but all in vain ; at length i gave him the banella mixture in whey for one month , and he is perfectly recover'd , and preaches very judiciously and vigorously , to the great satisfaction of his auditory . a young gentlewoman who had a very great respect for a person whom her relations had no good opinion of , being unwilling to disoblige her friends , and yet desirous to comply with her own inclinations , she fell into great melancholly , and that sower'd her blood , and caused obstructions , and altered the whole habit of the body , and brought her into a consumptive languishing condition : much advice was taken for her , and many methods prescribed by learned physitians , at length she was told of this specifick mixture , and took it three months together in spaw-waters , and sometimes in purging waters , and she is now in a good state of health of body , and enjoys great tranquility of mind . a gentleman of a tender mind and religious disposition , upon the breach of a vow and scruples of conscience , was attended with great melancholly , which at length degenerated into a maniacal distemper of the brain , wherein the spiritous parts of the nervous juice being debased , and the saline parts exalted , and brought to a fluor , which which being mixed with sulpherous particles , derived from feculent blood , at length produced delirous phantasms and depraved imaginations , which perverted his understanding , and qualified him for bedlam every full moon ; and indeed which made him the more subject to relapses into his distemper , was its being somewhat hereditary on the mothers side ; yet notwithstanding this frequent returns , and great rage and disorder of the animal spirits , this person was cured by the use of the mixture , and now continues cloathed in his right mind , to the praise of the omnipotent physitian . an ancient gentlewoman , whose husband fell into a decay in his estate , was much disappointed thereby , and hereby her mind much disturbed , which totter'd her understanding , which at some certain times put her upon very unseemly extravagant actions and discourses , very disagreeable unto her former pious ane prudent behaviour , to the great grief of her children , and other relations . much advise was taken , and all to no purpose ; at length i resolved to give her the specifick mixture of the spirit , tincture and extract drawn out of the banellas bean ; for its shape it resembles a french bean , and contains a seed as that doth , and was much used in chocolate , but being dear , is frequently left out of late , as the makers of it tell us . i gave this gentlewoman morning , noon and night 30 drops of this mixture at a time , she took it in small beer six months , and thro' god's mercy it brought her to the free exercise of her reason . i could give many more examples if it were needfull . finis . some observations made upon the angola seed shewing its admirable virtue in curing all distempers of the eyes / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to dr. goddard, anno 1660. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1682 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56755 wing p926 estc r27597 09981057 ocm 09981057 44428 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56755) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44428) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:10) some observations made upon the angola seed shewing its admirable virtue in curing all distempers of the eyes / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to dr. goddard, anno 1660. peachi, john, fl. 1683. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 7 p. [s.n.], london : 1682. attributed (probably erroneously) by wing to john peachi, since he was not admitted an extra-licentiate of the college of physicians until 1683. also attributed to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng ophthalmology -early works to 1800. therapeutics, opthalmological -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-04 andrew kuster sampled and proofread 2006-04 andrew kuster text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the angola seed : shewing its admirable virtue in curing all distempers of the eyes . written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to dr. goddard , one of the royal society at london , anno 1660. london printed , &c. 1682. some observations made upon the angola seed : shewing its admirable virtue in curing all distempers of the eyes . in a letter , &c. sir , i received your letter , wherein you give me an account of a strange sort of distemper in the eyes of the inhabitants about london : and i find you desire that i would communicate what usefull observations i have made in that distemper . i must tell you , that our countrey folk are infested with the same distemper , and i attribute it unto some unusual qualities in the air and winds at this time ; and i find that the use of an american specifick doth great service with us : i learned it of an indian doctor ; it is a sort of a scarlet seed with a small black speck in it : they are not easie to be met with , i once had some from a druggist in walbrook , but have forgot his name . they singularly dry up rhumes in the head , strengthen the optick nerves , cool inflamations in the eyes , and comfort the animal spirits ; they cleanse and heal : by their balsamick vertue disperse the cloudiness of the brain , and clear the sight . i am credibly informed that dr. stepkins that eminent oculist , performed many admirable cures with them , amongst men , women and children . one of your citizens of london , who hath consulted with dr. turbervil of salisbury , came into our countrey , having a grievous opthalmy , desired my assistance , finding no relief by his advice . i directed him to the use of these american seeds : i gave him the tincture , spirit and extract in waters , and also in milk , and in all the liquid aliments he took , and i caus'd him to wear a necklace of the same . it dryed up all his rhumes in forty days time . an old gentlewoman whose eyes were almost put out by the evil , and had not only an inflammation , but a cataract was much feared , because some of her relations had been blind by that distemper . i applyed the same remedies to her , and it succeeded to admiration . a young woman whose eyes were wonderfully inflamed after the small pox , and so weak she could not endure to look against the light , and in great pain ; she had been blooded , and purged , and bannio'd and blister'd , and cupt , had made two issues , and a seton in her neck ; and the lady ivy had applyed many eye-waters , and powders and oyntments for seven months ▪ and all to no purpose ; and at length the use of this specifick perfectly recover'd her eyes , to the great joy of her relations and her self . a child about four years old , whose eyes were extream bad , and lay under the hands of a woman who pretended great skill , she pickt five pounds out of the parents pocket , upon a promise of cure , but never perform'd it . but at length one who had received benefit by this specifick , recommended it , and received thanks for so doing from the childs friends , and it hath been well ever since . a minister whose eyes by reading and late studying had a violent defluxion of rhume upon them , that they always looked blood-shotten ; after the use of other methods for two months together , to no purpose ; and then hearing of this medicine , applyed himself to it , and only washt his eyes with pure spring-water , and this specifick perfectly recover'd him . a young child born blind , was helpt by the nurses taking these drops , the child only sucking her milk , but its distemper was an opthalmy , but not a true cataract . there was a whole family very much distemper'd with hot rhumes in their eyes ; three of the persons were in danger of cataracts growing in them : they had used all sorts of applications , and had suffer'd three pretending women to tamper with them several months , and at last hearing of these scarlet seeds , wore necklaces of them , and took the tincture made of them in all their drink , and in a months time were perfectly cured , only taking twenty drops at a time . finis . some observations made upon the virginian nutts, imported from the indies shewing their admirable virtue against the scurvy / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to dr. croon, one of the royal society in london, 1681. 1682 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56775 wing p940 estc r5100 12187548 ocm 12187548 55853 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56775) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 55853) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 615:10) some observations made upon the virginian nutts, imported from the indies shewing their admirable virtue against the scurvy / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to dr. croon, one of the royal society in london, 1681. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 7 p. [s.n.], london : 1682. attributed by bm and surgeon general's catalogues to john pechey (under which heading they include the works of john pechey, 1655-1716, and also those of john peachie, the extra licentiate). this pamphlet is not included among the works of pechey listed in dnb. it is attributed by halkett and laing, 1926, to "john peachie or pechey, m.d." (presumably the extra-licentiate). this attribution is probably wrong, since john peachie was not admitted an extra-licentiate of the college of physicians until 1683. reproduction of original in huntington library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng scurvy. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-05 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2006-05 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the uirginian nutts , imported from the indies : shewing their admirable virtue against the scurvy . written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to dr. croon , one of the royal society in london , 1681. london printed , & ● . 1682. some observations made upon the uirginian nutts , imported from the indies : in a letter , &c. sir , i remember that the reverend dr. spratt , the present bishop of rochester , in his eloquent history of the royal society , tells us , that we are extreamly beholding unto my lord bacon , for his communicating to the world the remedies which were experimentally found advantageous in the cure of the sweating sickness , in the time of henry the seventh ; and therefore i hope i may deserve thanks for informing my countrey-men what i have after long experience found useful in the cure of the scurvy , which now proves as troublesome to england as that disease did then , though not so mortal . and the remedy is the virginean nutts , or rather kernels , which grow upon the locus-tree , described by mr. ray , and by lygon , and several other authors : but none have made those particular experiments i have done upon the use of the nutts , and i find them to answer the same intentions that the gum animi doth , which flows from the same tree . it mightily opens obstructions of the liver , and refines the whole mass of blood , and mends a scorbutick ill habit of body , by impregnating that vital liquor with such volatile salts , as restore it when flat and languishing , to a more pure and spirituous state , and thereby preserves it from fixation , and clears the skin from spots and all impurities . i knew a gentlewoman who was highly scorbutical , and much afflicted with various fermentations in her blood , which caused the eruption of strange pimples and troublesome blemishes in her face and hands , with great faintings , weariness and indisposition to motion , and wandering pains in her limbs , her teeth loose , and gums sore ; her body cover'd with scurf like a leprosie ; and yet by the use of this medicine mixed with all her drink and spoon-meat , in one months time she was perfectly recovered . mr. grant observes , that this disease of the scurvy doth wonderfully encrease every year in our bills of mortality , and thereupon wisheth that some effectual remedies might be found out by physicians , and i am well satisfied that this is one . i could tell you of a man about fifty years of age , who by living in a gross air , and using an ill dyet , and wanting exercise , had his whole mass of blood so corrupted , and the spirits so evaporated , that they became dead and flat , like decayed drinks , and eager and sharp like vinegar : and yet notwithstanding by the use of a tincture , spirit and extract drawn out of these nutts , he became strong , lively and chearful , and was fit for all employments both of body and mind . an old gentlewoman , who by a long fit of sickness was brought into the scurvy , the fine parts of her blood were run into a fluid salt , and she found a universal languor upon her spirits , which made her life uncomfortable ; she used many medicines , and had much advice , and at length a friend told her of these drops , which any one may make if they please to procure the nuts , for the medicins are drawn out only with small wines . these medicines perfectly recover'd her to a state of health , and good habit of body . a middle-aged person who was much afflicted with the scurvy , and had many blew spots in his skin , great weariness and faintness upon his spirits , with wandering pains in divers parts of his body , very bad decayed teeth , and little or no appetite to food , with sowre belchings and offensive fumes arising up to his nostrils , and several other scorbutical symptoms ; he had taken great quantities of spirits of scurvy-grass , and still found himself grow worse and worse ; at length i gave him the drops drawn out of these nuts , about twelve at a time , the yellow in the morning , the white at noon , and the black at night : they may be given in purging waters , or in mum , or in any agreeable spoon-meat . i could give many more examples , of cures wrought by them , but 't will be needless . finis . some observations made upon the herb cassiny imported from carolina shewing its admirable virtues in curing the small pox / written by a physitian in the countrey to esq. boyle at london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1695 approx. 6 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 5 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56763 wing p933 estc r27602 09981186 ocm 09981186 44433 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56763) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44433) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:15) some observations made upon the herb cassiny imported from carolina shewing its admirable virtues in curing the small pox / written by a physitian in the countrey to esq. boyle at london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. boyle, robert, 1627-1691. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 8 p. [s.n.], london : 1695. attributed also to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng ilex vomitoria. botany, medical -north carolina. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-05 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-09 judith siefring sampled and proofread 2006-09 judith siefring text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the herb cassiny ; imported from carolina : shewing its admirable virtues in curing the small pox . written by a physitian in the countrey to esq boyle at london . london , printed in the year 1695. some observations made upon the herb cassiny : shewing its admirable virtues in curing the small pox . in a letter , &c. sir , i am sorry to hear that the small pox is so rise at london , it 's the less wonder to find you so inquisitive after a good specifick remedy in that distemper : i must tell you , i know no better medicine in that case than the famous carolina herb called cassiny . there are abundance of persons now dye of the small pox in our town and countrey , but i attribute it very much to ill management of nurses and ignorant people , who give many hot medicines , under the pretence of driving out , as sack , and saffron , and mithridate , and venice treacle ; by this means they fire the blood into a feavor , and that kills them . i only give a few drops of the tincture of this temperate herb in water-gruel , or in panado , or posset-drink , and do nothing else all the while , but leave it to nature , and i find better success . i have had many in one family down at one time of this loathsome distemper , and all recover'd with this method ; but if any desire to dye with more pompous prescriptions , much good may it do them . the medicines made of this herb do not in the least heat the blood , but rather moderate and gently allay the violent fermentation of it , if it be too high , and yet safely help the expulsive faculty if it be too weak . this specifick keeps them out of the head and throat , and secures the lungs , by helping expectoration . i have often observed , that the slower they are in coming forth , the more dangerous ; and if the salivation or spitting ceaseth before the eleventh day , especially in a flux pox , there is then much more reason to fear the patients being poysoned by the return of the purulent matter inwards : and yet in this extream hazard the tincture of this herb in small beer , and some times in tare broath , hath saved the lives of many . i being once sent for to a boarding-school , where several young gentlewomen , who highly valued their beauty , were surprized with the small pox , i only gave them the drops drawn out of this herb in all their liquid aliment , as water-gruel , and posset-drink , and small beer , and caused them to keep their faces cover'd with their masks all the time , and they recover'd , and preserv'd their complections . i remember that an eminent physitian of london told me an extraordinary case of a court lady of great beauty , a patient of his , who was much afflicted at the death of many who dyed of the small pox , and he was resolved to try a contrary method to what had been taken with those , he kept her moderately warm cover'd with scarlet blankets , omitted bleeding , and caused her to take no more nourishment than would keep her from starving ; her drink was posset-drink , with figgs in it ; her food only bread and water boyl'd together , with seven drops of this specifick which came out of carlina ; he caused a live sheep to be kept in the chamber all the time of her illness , to draw away the malignity ; the sheep dyed , but the lady recover'd , although it was a very unkindly sort , which much threaten'd her life ; the dr. told me he durst never give her any opiate medicine , lest it should stop her spitting , which is the most proper way of evacuation in all sorts of poxes , both great and small . the virtues of this excellent plant are at large mentioned in an account of carolina , and also in the history of the west indies , a latine book written by john delait of antwerp , many years since , who tells us that it 's an admirable dioretick , it also greatly corroborates nature , and helps her to cast off whatever is offensive to the animal and vital spirits , and also it promotes genuine easie sweats , and mild friendly transpirations , preserving the mind serene , and the body active and lively a long while after , without any other nourishment , and none but persons of great quality are permitted to use this noble beverage , which they drink as we do tea and coffee . purchas in his pilgrimage tells us , that at florida , now called carolina , they live to a very great age , and speaks of one of their kings who was three hundred years old ; and whenever the inhabitants of that countrey meet with mournful accidents , or subjects of lamentation , they drink cassiny to chear their hearts . a famous sea-chyrurgeon who came from those parts , had most of his ships passengers taken sick of the small pox , and recover'd them with medicines made with this herb. i have so great an opinion of this plant , that if i had an only child who had the small pox , i would give him the tincture of it in all his drink , and depend upon it under god , as much as i would upon the peruvian bark in a quartan ague . finis . some observations made upon the russia seed shewing its admirable virtues in curing the rickets in children / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to esq. boyle at london, 1674. skinner, dr. 1694 approx. 6 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 5 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2003-11 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56771 wing p938a estc r27608 09981300 ocm 09981300 44439 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56771) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44439) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:21) some observations made upon the russia seed shewing its admirable virtues in curing the rickets in children / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to esq. boyle at london, 1674. skinner, dr. boyle, robert, 1627-1691. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 8 p. [s.n.], london : 1694. wrongly attributed to john pechey by surgeon general's catalogue (ser. 1) and british museum catalgue, and to john peachi by wing. attributed to dr. skinner by halkelt and laing--nuc pre-1956 imprint. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng manna plants. rickets -early works to 1800. medicinal plants -early works to 1800. 2003-07 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2003-07 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2003-08 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2003-08 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-10 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the russia seed , shewing its admirable virtues in curing the rickets in children . written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to esq boyle at london , 1674. london , printed in the year 1694. some observations made upon the russia seed ; shewing its admirable virtues in curing the rickets in children . in a letter , &c. sir , you may remember that when i was last at london , we had a close discourse concerning that deplorable distemper called the rickets , which cripples so many poor children , and you told me of a doctor of physick , and one of the famousest in europe , had not been able to cure it in several of his own children ; indeed it may be called a new disease , for it 's wonderfully encreased amongst us of late , as we find by the bills of mortality . i am very much of your mind , that the knowledge of physitians would be much encreased , and their success would be much greater , were they more curious in making experiments and observations of the success of simple medicines , for they cannot so easily do it upon compositions . i 'le now tell you what great cures i have done in my countrey practice , amongst children who have been over-grown with the rickets : the specifick that i make use of , is a small white seed that comes from russia , by some called seed manna , i draw a tincture , a spirit and an extract out of it , and give twenty drops at a time in all the childrens meat and drink , they take it with pleasure , because it 's not ungrateful to the pallat ; morning , noon and night , is often enough . it opens obstructions of the liver and spleen , strengthens the brain and spinal marrow , and causeth a free distribution of the nourishments into all the nervous parts of the body , whereby nature becomes strong and vigorous , and the spirits chearful and lively . you are pleased to tell the world , in your excellent discourse of the use of simple medicines , that you hope to enlarge the minds of physitians , and invite them to make use of several remedies which they never thought on , or against which they were prejudiced . you also tell us , that specificks , where they may be had , are wont to be free from any immoderate manifest quality , and for the most part work more benignly as well as more effectually than other medicines ; and therefore you endeavour to bring them into request , that so thereby cures may be performed more speedily , safely and pleasantly . your tenderness and caution is highly to be commended , in desiring your reader not to be too credulous , or rely too much upon any medicines that you commend , until they have been frequently tried upon persons of different sexes , complections and ages . i am sure that this seed , and other specificks which i have written on , have been tried sufficiently , in a multitude of examples , and with great success , which gives great encouragement to depend upon it in difficult cases , with god almighty's blessing . i am much of your mind , that one reason why so many distempers prove incurable , is , because physitians do all they can to discourage the use of specifick medicines ; so that if they do not always work wonders , they presently tell people that they do nothing at all . in compliance with your request , i have found out a specifick remedy in almost every distemper , which in time may prove as efficacious as the cortex in an ague , for ought i know . i must say , if at any time i have found specifick remedies prove ineffectual , it was when they were compounded with some insignificant remedies , or given too late , or administred in too small a dose , or left off too soon . this small seed may be given boiled in all the childrens broth or spoon-meat , or in a liquid form , as the other specificks use to be . i have cured several children in one gentlemans family , after gentle evacuations , when the ribbs have been knotted , the head very large , the leggs crooked , the joynts much extended , only with this remedy . this distemper hath spoiled as many children as ever herod did , its high time if we would prevent the destruction of our innocents , to find out some more effectual remedies . the method that dr. glisson and &c. found out , was very good , but this simple specifick added to it may make it more effectual . you are pleased in your discourse of specifick medicines , to mention the prickly indian pear that i told you of , that communicates its tincture so speedily to the bladder , that it makes the eaters think they piss blood , which gives a clear example of the penetrating qualities of some simple specificks , which have no sensible operation by vomiting , purging or sweating . one of our judges in his reports , tells us of a learned doctor who travelled a hundred miles , to learn a specifick of an old woman to cure an ague . i am sure i have travelled many thousand miles to learn all these remedies , and my design is publick good : for although i am particularly known to you , i desire to be known to the world by no other name , but medicus indicus . finis . some observations made upon the blatta bizantina shewing its admirable virtues in curing astmahs [sic] and shortness of breath / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to dr. heverell at london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1694 approx. 6 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 5 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56760 wing p931 estc r27601 09981159 ocm 09981159 44432 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56760) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44432) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:14) some observations made upon the blatta bizantina shewing its admirable virtues in curing astmahs [sic] and shortness of breath / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to dr. heverell at london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 8 p. [s.n.], london : 1694. attributed also to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng asthma -early works to 1800. therapeutics -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-05 judith siefring sampled and proofread 2006-05 judith siefring text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the blatta bizantina , shewing its admirable virtues in curing astmahs , and shortness of breath . written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to dr. meverell at london . london , printed in the year 1694. some observations made upon the blatta bizantina ; shewing its admirable virtues in curing astmahs , and shortness of breath . in a letter , &c. sir , i recieved the letter you sent me concerning the case of your astmahtical patient , who tells you that he is troubled with a stoppage in his stomach , or the rising of the lights , as he calls it ; both you and i know very well what he means ; and the best advice i can give you in that case is to bleed him plentifully , and give him inwardly the blatta bizantina , which i know to be an incomparable specifick to give him breath , to remove the spasmodical affections of the lungs and stomach , to promote the circulation of the blood , and to prevent a pollipus from growing in the heart , which oftner causeth sudden death than the world imagins ; for when the whole mass of blood in a mans body , which should run through the heart and lungs ten or twelve time in an hour , is stopt in its circulation , and creeps through as it were by drops , and for want of motion stagnates and putrifies , it may well cause pains and stoppages in the breast , and shortness of breath . this shell-fish is the same which in exodus is called by moses onicha , one of the ingredients of the holy perfume prescribed by almighty god himself . i am sure it hath done great service , in relieving many who have had great stoppages in their stomachs , and difficult breathing , which hath made them very apprehensive of some sudden change. i confess i have known many dye of this distemper with short warning , and especially ministers , and some lawyers , after they have spent their spirits with much speaking ; and particularly i know a very grave and learned divine , who after his preaching used himself to drink two glasses of sack , which pernicious custom heated his lungs after they had been too much warmed before by earnest and loud speaking , this person had gotten an ill habit of body , and a violent astmah , but was very much relieved by drinking only warm ale , with a few drops drawn out of this medicine , with a little nutmeg and sugar , which he made his constant practice , and found much . advantage by it , less pain in his breast , a more free respiration , and a clear voice in preaching . i only once in a month advised him to take a little manna in water-gruel , to carry down the phlegm , and keep his body laxative . mr. grant in his observations upon the bills of mortality takes notice that this disease is much encreased of late years ; in 1629. there was but forty four , but in 1660. there was two hundred and forty nine . and he tells us , that the cause proceeds from the lungs , which are the bellows of the body , not blowing , that is , neither recieving in nor venting out breath . but a greater man than mr. grant saith , it proceeds from an abundance of morbifick matter in the blood , and nervous liquor , which causeth a convulsion in the lungs ; and sometimes it may proceed from a decay of the volatile salts of the blood , which makes it apt to fix and stagnate in the breast . but i shall not meddle with the speculative part of physick , but only the practical , which is grounded upon experience ; for as dr. castle well observes , that experienced medicines are like dials and almanacks , which agree as well with the hypothesis of copernicus as of ptolemy . the husbandman may till his land , and sow his seed , and yet not fully understand whether the earth or sun moves . hypocrates , the father of physitians , adviseth his sons not to be backward in making observations upon the cures wrought by farriers or ignorant women , though they were not able to give an account how or in what manner they cured . i lately had an astmahtical patient , whose breath seemed to be gone every moment , and all his blood would appear in his face , as if he were strangled , and yet upon taking this medicine he was wonderfully relieved , and walked abroad . i also advised him to bleed , and play at bowls often . a gentlewoman about fifty years of age complained to me of a great oppression and stoppage at her stomach , had taken many purges and vomits , but all in vain ; i gave her the tincture drawn out of these shells , mixed with the extract and spirit of the same ; she took it every morning in a glass of spring-water , mixed with virgins honey . i permitted her to eat no suppers but stewed prunes or roasted pippins , and she wonderfully recovered . a middle aged man of a sedentary life told me , he could not lye down in his bed for fear of being choaked , his stoppage and wheasing in his throat were so troublesome . i used only this remedy , it gave him help and ease . i could mention many others , but i 'le desist . finis . some observations made upon the wood called lignum nephriticum imported from hispaniola shewing its admirable virtues in dissolving the stone in the reins and bladder, helping the strangury and stoppings in the water and easing all pains proceeding from thence, &c. / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to the president of the colledge of physicians in london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1694 approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 5 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56776 wing p941 estc r12094 13799044 ocm 13799044 101906 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56776) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 101906) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 470:20) some observations made upon the wood called lignum nephriticum imported from hispaniola shewing its admirable virtues in dissolving the stone in the reins and bladder, helping the strangury and stoppings in the water and easing all pains proceeding from thence, &c. / written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to the president of the colledge of physicians in london. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 8 p. s.n.], [london : 1694. attributed to john peachi. cf. wing. attributed also to john pechey. cf. nuc pre-1956. place of publication from wing. reproduction of original in huntington library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng kidneys -diseases -early works to 1800. medicinal plants -early works to 1800. materia medica, vegetable -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-05 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-06 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2006-06 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the wood called lignum nephriticum , imported from hispaniola : shewing its admirable virtues in dissolving the stone in the reins and bladder , helping the strangury , and stoppings in the water , and easing all pains proceeding from thence , &c. written by a doctor of physick in the countrey to the president of the colledge of physicians in london . printed in the year 1694. some observations made upon the nephritick wood , imported from the indies : in a letter , &c. sir , you may justly wonder that i who am a stranger to you , should communicate a specifick medicine to one whose experience can furnish him with many ; but the reason why i do it , is , because your eminent station in the colledge renders you the more capable of recommending it to the practice of other physicians . i confess the thing hath been known by name a long time , but it hath not been brought into general use ; and this was the fate of the peruvian bark , untill we know who made successfull experiments of it , and brought it into great reputation . i have in my travels through several parts of the world , made many curious observations upon the use of specifick remedies , and i have communicated several , as some at london can tell you . i know no more need of publishing my name , than the author of the whole duty of man had for not-divulging his . i am sure my design is not private advantage , but publick benefit . i hear of very considerable cures that have been wrought at london by the use of some spicificks that i have made made publick , and that encourages me to tell the world of more , in imitation of the example of the great esquire boyle , who was my particular friend . the learned and curious sir john floyer at litchfield , hath been wonderful kind in communicating many specificks , and put us in a way to find out the nature and quality of druggs by their tastes and smells ; and he saith that he doth not question but that the artificial jumbles of many medicines together will in time be rejected , and every ingenious practicer will chiefly make use of simple medicines , by which his patient will be more suddenly , safely and pleasantly cured . when i call to mind the practice of hypocrates and galen , who wrote their books and publisht their receipts in the language of the countrey where they dwelt , i judge i may well be excused from blame . the specifick that i recommend is the tincture drawn from the true nephrittick wood , which comes from hyspaniola ; it may be known from the spurious sort by its communicating a blew sky-coloured tincture unto spring-water , which the other will not do : by its peculiar quality it resists the petrifactive disposition of the reins and bladder , it cleanseth those parts from mucilaginous slimy humours , which are apt to lodge in the urinary passages , and by its abstersive property it prevents the coagulation of sand and gravel , it dilates and lubrifies the uretors , and causeth an easie expulsion of small stones , and cures a suppression of urine and strangury ; it heals the excoriation , caused by the acrimony of the humours , and easeth pain in making water ; it cools the reins , and mitigates the scalding heat of urine , and dissolves the stone as far as any medicine is capable of doing it . i could give you many strange examples of great cures wrought with it : and particularly a woman much afflicted with the strangury , with an acute pain in her hip , and frequent reaching to vomit , she took sixty drops of the tincture , morning , noon , and night , in ale and white-wine dulcified with syrup of marsh-mallows , she voided in a months time nine ounces of gravel , and thirty small stones like great pins-heads , and found great ease . a young gentleman who was so exceedingly wrackt with the stone that he was advised to be cut , but a friend coming in advised him to take the drops of the tincture drawn out of this wood in oyl of walnuts , and it gave him relief , and prevented the return of his pains , he continu'd it two months . i my self frequently take the spirit , and sometimes the extract , in all my drink , fifty or sixty drops at a time , and find great advantage : i draw the spirit and extract with rhenish wine . an old man who had frequent stopping in his water , with twitching smart pains , and sometimes bloody urine and great scalding , was wonderfully eased by the use of this tincture , taken in spaw-waters , and sometimes in milk sweeten'd with honey . it 's endless to give instances , i therefore take leave to subscribe my self your humble servant , &c. some observations made upon the root called nean or ninsing imported from the east-indies shewing its wonderful virtue in curing consumptions, ptissicks, shortness of breath, distillation of rhume, and restoring nature after it hath been impaired by languishing distempers and long fits of sickness / publisht by a doctor of physick in york-shire in a letter to mr. colwell, a member of the royal society, 1680. simpson, william, m.d. 1680 approx. 7 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 4 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56769 wing p937a estc r27606 09981257 ocm 09981257 44437 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56769) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44437) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:19) some observations made upon the root called nean or ninsing imported from the east-indies shewing its wonderful virtue in curing consumptions, ptissicks, shortness of breath, distillation of rhume, and restoring nature after it hath been impaired by languishing distempers and long fits of sickness / publisht by a doctor of physick in york-shire in a letter to mr. colwell, a member of the royal society, 1680. simpson, william, m.d. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 7 p. printed for the author, london : [1680] wrongly attributed to john pechey by surgeon general's catalogue (ser. 1) and british museum catalogue, and to john peachi by wing. attributed to william simpson--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng ginseng. therapeutics -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-05 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2006-05 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the root called nean , or ninsing , imported from the east-indies . shewing its wonderful virtue , in curing consumptions , ptissicks , shortness of breath , distillation of rhume , and restoring nature after it hath been impaired by languishing distempers , and long fits of sickness . publisht by a doctor of physick in york-shire , in a letter to mr. colwell , a member of the royal society , 1680. london , printed for the author . some observations made upon the root called nean , or ninsing , &c. sir , i have read that some famous divines have not spared to report in print , that they believed cardan physician to king edward the sixth , was now in hell , because he refused to tell the world a secret with which he wrought great cures . and therefore for my part , i am resolved to prevent the occasion of any such censure , and freely communicate this noble and excellent medicine , that hath done such great cures in china , japan , and many other parts of the world , when abundance of compounded elaborate remedies have proved ineffectual . when i lived at hull in yorkshire , a parcel of it was given me for a present , which i used with wonderfull success : and particularly , to a relation of mr. andrew marvel's , who was much emaciated , and reduced unto a perfect skeleton , a meer bag of bones , by a long hectick feaver , joyned with an ulcer of the lungs ; being despaired of by all friends , i was resolved to try what the tincture of this root would doe , which i gave every morning in red cows milk , warm from her duggs , ( which my worthy friend and intimate acquaintance , dr. primrose , preferrs before asses milk , as you may see in his book called popular errors ) : and i found his flesh to come again like that of a child , and his lost appetite restored , and his natural ruddy complexion revived in his cheeks , to the amazement of his desponding relations , that he was called lazarus the second . i solemnly profess , that i hate all pretences to secrets , and i look upon the printed bills of quacks , who pretend to nostrums , and private medicines , to be meer cheats , and tricks to amuse the common people , and to pick their pockets : but if any man can communicate a good medicine , he shews himself a lover of his countrey more than of himself , and deserves thanks of mankind . and for my part , i verily believe , that next unto the virtue of scarborough spaw , ( which i suppose i have sufficiently recommended ) i think this is one of the best medicines in the world , and in many cases better against consumptions and distempers of the lungs than that . ogleby in his natural history of china , tells the world , that a pound of this root is sold in the countrey wherein it growes , for three times its weight in silver , it is looked upon as so great a cordial . and piso that learned physician esteems it a mighty restorer of nature , and as far as may be a renewer of youth . publick fame saith , that the popes of rome , who are chosen to that office when they are very old , doe make great use of this root , to preserve their radical moysture and natural heat , that so they may the longer enjoy their comfortable preferments . i once recommended this root to my good friend mr. steel the minister , with singular advantage to his health , as he told me ; but finding him under the care of an excellent physician , i advised him to lay aside all medecins but what he prescribed . when i read the bills of mortality , and find three or four thousand dye in a year of consumptions , notwithstanding all the rational methods of physicians , and the boasting pretences of quacks and mountebanks , i could no longer conceal this excellent specifick .. a very considerable person at hull , who was very much pined away , had a cough and shortness of breath , a quick pulse , and an intense heat , at some certain times , with wandering pains in several parts of his body , and restless nights , and no appetite to food ; my advice being desired , i wisht him to take the extract made with this root every night in almond-milk , and in a months time he gtew fat and plump , and all his ill symptoms left him , and he is yet alive , to the glory of god , and the comfort of his relations . one thing is very remarkable , that let the cause of the consumption be what it will , viz. an ulcer of the lungs , or a scorbutick sharp humour in the blood , or a hectick feaver , or the infection of the spermatick vessels , which in time and in various disguises spoyls the whole habit of the body , and by disabling the parts to digest their nourishment , bring leanness and consumption ; i say let any of these , or all of them , be causes , yet this root proves advantageous , as experience testifies . the case of the gentlewoman at leeds in yorkshire is very remarkable , who catching cold in her lying in , fell under great weakness , a dry cough , stitches in her brest and sides , heat in her palms and feet , pining away insensibly ; many physicians were consulted , but all in vain ; at last i advised her to take the spirit made of this root , about ten drops at a time , in a glass of old mallago after dinner . in a short time after she gathered her flesh , and had five children . at rippon there was a good friend of mine , of a considerable estate , whose only child falling into a deep consumption upon his breeding of teeth , the parents being almost distracted for want of an heir , nothing else being expected but death , and the child being tyred out with other medicines , i recommended the tincture , spirit and extract made of this root ; and in six weeks time the child mended and grew strong and lusty , and is like to be a man. these and many such examples might be given , which are great encouragement to make use of such a known , safe , and experienced remedy , and so very pleasant as this is , being taken only in drops , whereby it becomes extreamly agreeable unto children , who pine away upon breeding their teeth , as daily experience shews , to the great grief of many tender mothers . a friend of mine at york who buried six children , preserved the seventh ( under god ) with this root ; for it hath no manner of heat , but is exceeding temperate , and may be given in all their victuals and spoon-meat . mr. boyle once told me , he thought it was a medicine sent from heaven , to save the lives of thousands of men , women and children . finis . some observations made upon the root caled casmunar imported from the east-indies shewing its nature and vertues above any other as yet written of in curing apoplexies, convulsions, palsies, lethargies, tremblings, fitts of the mother, giddiness in the head, and all distempers of the brain and nerves / published by a doctor of physick in glocester-shire. peachi, john, fl. 1683. 1693 approx. 9 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 5 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a56768 wing p937 estc r27605 09981232 ocm 09981232 44436 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a56768) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 44436) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1337:18) some observations made upon the root caled casmunar imported from the east-indies shewing its nature and vertues above any other as yet written of in curing apoplexies, convulsions, palsies, lethargies, tremblings, fitts of the mother, giddiness in the head, and all distempers of the brain and nerves / published by a doctor of physick in glocester-shire. peachi, john, fl. 1683. pechey, john, 1655-1716. 8 p. [s.n.], lonlon [sic] : 1693. attributed also to john pechey--nuc pre-1956 imprints. reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng therapeutics -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-05 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2006-05 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion some observations made upon the root called casmunar , imported from the east-indies : shewing its nature and vertues above any other as yet written of , in curing apoplexies , convulsions , palsies , lethargies , tremblings , fitts of the mother , giddiness in the head , and all distempers of the brain and nerves . published by a doctor of physick in glocester-shire . lonlon , re-printed in the year 1693. some observations made upon the root called casmunar , imported from the east-indies . this rare and excellent root being sent me by my brother , who is factor to the east india company , and it being so wonderfully commended , and approved of by the brachmanes , for its great cures , i could not choose but publish it to the world , for the advantage of mankind . the brachmanes are a sort of indian physicians , much celebrated not only by the natives , but by foreign merchants that reside there , the english preferring them before their own countrey doctors , when they labour under any distempers . they are of the sect of the pythagoreans , and as they eat no flesh , but are nourisht by the produce of the earth , so they rather choose to cure diseases by plants than minerals . they have great skill in herbs , and know their natures , as if they had been instructed by adam or solomon . this root is warm but not hot , of a very temperate quality ; it consists of very fine , subtil , spirituous parts , and hath a peculiar odour , distinct from any that i ever smelled to : it exceedingly recreates the vital and animal spirits , and by its taste and colour may easily be known to be aperative and cephalick , comforting the brain and nerves , and putting the animal spirits into order , when they have been in a tumult by any passion or convulsive motions . when persons are in convulsive fitts , nature seems to be as it were in an earthquake , and in its last agony ; and by the frequent returns of such fitts , those endowments which distinguish us from brute creatures , are in a great measure lost : our understanding , that great light , is darkned , and our memory that excellent repository is broken , and like a sive lets through whatever is put into it . a gentlewoman who had a concussion of her head , caused by a fall down stairs , with great debility of her spirits , was cured by this root , to her and my great admiration ; and although whilest her vapours were upon her , she would not be perswaded but that she was dying ; yet afterwards she would smile at those gentlewomen who talked so , and would name her self as an example of so great folly. perhaps it is the best medicine in the world for women in childbed , or any who have received prejudice by frights , they quickly restore them to the use of their senses , and make them lively and chearfull . a shop-keepers wife at glocester , who had dreadfull fits of the mother , with unusual symptoms , and great oppressions , almost strangled with suffocating vapours in her throat , was cured , that they have not returned , nor i see no suspicion of it . but i must say , that i have ever found the spirit , the tincture , and the extract drawn out of this root , far more effectual than any composition whatsoever . it 's very lamentable to observe , three thousand in a year tumbled into their graves by these distempers , as we find by the bills of mortality . when our compassionate saviour was upon earth , he demonstrared his divine power in the cure of these distempers more than in any other ; because labouring under these diseases , we are neither fit for the service of god or man , nor are capable of the exercise of reason or faith. i could tell you of a learned divine , whose disorder in his head was so great , caused by cephalick distempers and vertiginous fumes , that he could not preach , being attended with frequent convulsive motions in all his nerves , yet by the use of the drops drawn out of this root , was perfectly cured . many young children have been miraculously restored by it from convulsion fits , both in the brain and bowels : for as dr. willis well observes , the griping in the guts is but an affection of the nerves in those parts , and no remedies so efficacious in that disease , as those that strengthen the same . i cannot choose but recommend it to all nurses , to drop into their childrens victuals , it being so exceeding temperate and pleasant , that i have known them take it , when they have refused all other forms of medicines . by this wonderful root some children when they have been toothing , were cured only by rubbing their gumms with the electuary : others by the nurses taking the drops in all her drink , for which cause it 's called by some the childrens guardian . i know a young gentleman , who being subject to convulsions from his cradle , and could have no relief from the best remedies in vulgar use , but was to the grief of his relations cast sometimes into the fire , and sometimes into the water , by the force of this disease ; and at last by the using of these drops every new and full moon , was restored , and married a wife , and none of his children ever had fitts . a poor old woman also who was many years afflicted with fits of the mother , that the common people thought her possess'd , her symptoms of skreeching , and strange motions and distortions were so terrible ; yet by the use of this remedy found great advantage , and recommended it to all she knew . i am credibly inform'd by an eminent chyrurgion who came from the indies , that the inhabitants in those countreys anoynt their bodies with a mixture of the powder of this root , and only by that external application cure many distempers , and live to a great age. an able physician of my acquaintance boyls the sliced root in all his broath , as a great secret against gripings in his guts and bowels proceeding from the wind collick , and finds admirable advantage . i am well assured that there is an hospital in italy , for the cure of lunatical persons , where the doctors use this root with wonderful success , it mightily relieving all discomposures of the brain . to see persons foaming at mouth , tearing their hair , beating their breasts , weeping , and wailing , and gnashing their teeth , is a melancholy prospect , and may well move pity : and therefore none but the devil or his agents can envy mankind the knowledge of so useful a remedy . let none despise this root because it is a simple uncompounded thing , for i remember the great lord bacon reckons it amongst one of the deficients in physick , that we study art more than nature , and elaborate methods more than simple medicins . whereas nine parts in ten of the known world trust to the latter more than the former . a captain of a ship who is extreamly troubled with griping in his guts , and cramps in his bowels , constantly procures ease , only by chewing a bit of this root and swallowing his spittle . i know a modest discreet young gentleman , that on a sudden when he is writing , o● talking with a friend , or at meals , shall be surpriz'd with dreadful convulsive motions , as if he were blown up with a train of gun-powder ; and he finds that the very odour of this root carried about him , and often applyed to his nostrils , prevents many fits , better than spirit of sal armoniack , amber , or harts-horn , which are too strong for him . twenty drops of the tincture are to be taken every morning in tea , the same quantity of the spirits every afternoon in mum , and also twenty drops of the extract at night in chocolate , for men or women ; half the quantity for children . finis . a plain and short treatise of an apoplexy, convulsions, colick, twisting of the guts, mother fits, bleeding at nose ... and several other violent and dangerous diseases ... : shewing the sick or by-standers what ought presently to be done : together with proper remedies for each disease and plain directions for the use of them / by j. pechey ... pechey, john, 1655-1716. 1698 approx. 70 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 20 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2008-09 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a53917 wing p1026 estc r18872 12350463 ocm 12350463 59968 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a53917) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 59968) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 220:8) a plain and short treatise of an apoplexy, convulsions, colick, twisting of the guts, mother fits, bleeding at nose ... and several other violent and dangerous diseases ... : shewing the sick or by-standers what ought presently to be done : together with proper remedies for each disease and plain directions for the use of them / by j. pechey ... pechey, john, 1655-1716. [4], 29 p. printed for the author and sold at his house ..., london : 1698. reproduction of original in british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng medicine -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-03 ali jakobson sampled and proofread 2007-03 ali jakobson text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a plain and short treatise of an apoplexy , convulsions , colick , twisting of the guts , mother fits , bleeding at nose , vomitting of blood , stone in the kidnies , quinsey , miscarriage , hard labour , cholora morbus : and several other violent and dangerous diseases that come of a sudden , and require present help . shewing the sick or by-standers what ought presently to be done . together with proper remedies for each disease , and plain directions for the use of them . by j. pechey , of the college of physicians in london . london , printed for the author , and sold at his house in basing-lane , near bread-street , 1698. the preface . having often considered , that there are several diseases so surprizing , and withal so very vioent , that the patient is often dead , or past all hopes of recovery , before a skilful physitian in many places can be called , or advised with ▪ i thought a plain english treatise of such kind of diseases might be of general use , and that it may suit all conditions of men , all by the frailty of nature lying open to one or other of these suddain incursions , i have reduced it to a small compass , that it may be the easier read over , and that each disease may be the soon , er turned to upon any suddain occasion . ordinary readers being as often at a loss in a large book as travellers in a wood ; and it is composed in a small character , that as every one may need it , so every one may be able to buy it , and i have written it in a plain stile that every one also may be able to understand it . this little book may be an assistant to charitable ladies and gentlewomen in the country , who like the good samaritan , have never an hand but what is ready to help their distressed neighbours , here they may find plain directions , and the most celebrated medicines , such as the londonphysitians most frequently make use of in these diseases . the traveller and sea-faring man when they are far distant from physitians , and destitute of all other help , may here also find releif . the medicines prepared by my self that are often mention'd in this treatise , are of great vertue , and efficacy , and have bin found successful to admiration in cureing several of these diseases . and they keep good many years , and will endure the excess of heat and cold in various climates . therefore very proper for those that live in the country , and in the plantations abroad , or go to sea. and indeed every one that has been once seized with any one of these diseases , will undoubtedly wheresoever he dwells , think it no small comfort and security to have an approved remedy ready at hand , in time of need . chap. i. of sleepy diseases , coma , lethargy , carus , and apoplexy . these four sorts of preternatural sleep proceed from the same causes , and require the same methods of cure ; and therefore shall be treated of together in this chapter . when any person is seized with a sleepy disease , the by-standers must endeavour by all means to rouse him , by offering violence to all his senses ; and therefore you must expose his eyes to the sun-beams , or to a clear light , his ears must be filled with violent noises and clamours , and you must be sure to call him aloud by his own name : sharp things are to be blown up his nostrils ; the sence of touching must be revived by rubbings , vellications , plucking of the hair , binding of the members , squeezing of the fingers together , and the like : he must be presently blooded if he has strength but his strength is not to be judged of , by the present circumstances , but by such as he was in before the disease seized him . you must first bleed in the arm , and then in the jugular vein , presently after give the following vomit . take of the blessed wine , one ounce and an half ; of carduus water one ounce ; of spirit of juniper-berries , two drams . make a vomit . inject two or three sharp glisters in a day . take of the carminative decoction with bay-berries and juniper-berries , ten ounces ; of the electuary of bay-berries ●ne ounce ; of blessed wine and brown-sugar , each three ounces ; of c●ymical oyl of juniper , ten drops : mix them and make a glister . if a glister be not rendred in an hour's time , provoke the belly by a suppository . take of hiera ●i●ra , half an ounce , of sal gemma one dram ; of honey , a sufficient quantity : make suppositories . the spirit of sal armoniack must be held often to the nostrils , or my cephalick tincture , which is one of the best midicines in the world for sleepy diseases , and indeed for all diseases of the head and spirits . things of all kinds that cause revulsion must be used , not only frictions and ligatures , but also cupping-glasses set on the back , shoulders , arms and thighs : but in an apoplexy you must not apply cupping-classes to the back or hypochondres , left the muscles of the breast and belly , should be contracted , and so respiration more hindred . cupping-glasses applyed to the head are counted very proper , apply a blistering plaister with euphorbium to the neck ; some , according to the custom of the antients , hold a red-hot frying-pan to the head at such a distance , as it may burn the hair , but not the skin . take of the waters of rue , balm , and black-cherries , each three ounces ; of compound peony-water , and compound syrup of peony , each one ounce and an half ; of tincture of caster , one dram ; of spirit of sal armoniack , half a dram ; mingle them , make a julop . give four or five spoonfuls often , or ten drops of my cephalick tincture in two ounces of compound peony-water , or in a small glass of canary . in the general cure of these diseases , you must take notice , that in those which poceed from blood , medicines that heat the least , are to be used : but bleeding is to be used freely , and afterwards a vein in the forehead is to be opened , and things that purge choler are to be mixed with those that purge flegm . if the brain be very much cooled , the sick after universal evacuations may use tablets made in the following manner . take of ambergrease , half a scruple ; distilled oyl of the seeds of anise , cinnemon , and nutmegs , each three drops ▪ of oyls of cloves , one drop ; of sugar dissolved in orange flower-water , four ounces ; make tablets . let him take a dram or two every morning , and let him be sure to take twenty drops of my cephaclic tincture in two ounces of compound peony-water at bed-time , three nights before the new moon . it is also proper to hold a nutmeg often in the mouth , and to chew it ; and perfumes are often to be held to the nostrils , especially apoplectick balsam , or my cephalick tincture . spices are to be used with meats , and the following digestive powder after meals , take of the seeds of coriander , sweet-fennel , caraways , each fifteen grains ; of white amber , one dr●m ; of the yellow peel of citrons ; and flowers of rosemary , each one dram and an half ; of nutmegs , half a dram ; of white sugar , three ounces : powder them grosly , and give half a spoonful after meals . if from too great a quantity of blood , a sleepy disease is feared , the patient must be sufficiently blooded , and the utmost endeavours must be used to make the hemorrhoids flow , than which nothing can be more advan●agious . purging must be also ordered to prevent a relapse . take of the pill of amber , and of the lesser coeh , each two scruples ; of the best castor , six grains ; of oyl of amber a sufficient quanty : mix them , make 12 pills , take six for a dose , and the other six three days after . or , take my pills , which are excellent in these diseases . after purging let the sick use the following medicine . take of the conserves of the flowers of male-peony , and of rosemary , each one ounce ; of the bark of citron candied , ●●x drams ; of the species call'd diambra aud dian●bos , each one dram ; of castor powdered , two scruples ; of compound spirit of lavender , half a dram , with a sufficient quantity of the syrups of gilly-flowers , and of compound peony make an electuary . give the quantity of a nutmeg , morning and evening daily , and let the sick take two spoonfuls of black cherry-water , and ten drops of my cephalic tincture morning and evening , presently after the use of the electuary . take of amber powdered , one ounce ; sprinkle the fourth part of it upon the head every night at bed time . chap. ii. of bleeding at nose . bleeding at the nose comes at any time of the year , and afflicts those chiefly that are weakly , and of a very hot constitution ; and more frequently when they are old than when they are young. in this case you must do all you can to restrain the violent heat and ebullition of the blood , from whence arises the said unusual extravasation , and to turn the fore : of it another way . to which end bleed often in the arm , and take away blood freely : order also a cooling and thickening di● , as three parts of fountain-water and one of milk boyled together , and drank cold ; roasted apples , barly broaths , and such like things as are made without flesh : order the sick to keep from bed for some time daily , and give a gentle cooling glister every day , and let it not be once omitted . give also a draught made of half an ounce of diacodium and cowslip-water at bed time to quell the fury of the blood : but because a sharp humour often accompanies bleeding at nose , and the like which being mingled with the blood , furthers it's motion , and opens the orifices of the veins , besides revulsion and cooling , i usually give the following purging potion when the disease is even at it's height . take of tamarinds , half an ounce , of sena two drams , of rhubarb , one dram and an half ; boyl them in a suff●cient quantity of water , to three ounces of the strained liquor add of manna , and syrup of roses solutive . each one ounce , make a potion , and after it has done working , i give at bed time a draught made of two ounces of water of red popies , and one ounce of diacodium , and when the bleeding ▪ is gone quite off i give the patient some purging potion again . as to outward applications , a linnen bolster dipt in cold water , wherein sal prunella has bin disolved , may he applyed to the nape of the neck , and to both the sides of it often in a day ; and after bleeding and purging the following liquor may be used . take of hungarian vitriol , and allom , each one ounce ; of flegm of vitriol , half a pint ; boyl them till all is dissolved ; filter the liquor when it is cold , and seperate it from the cristals that sometimes rise : to the remaining liquor add a twelfth part of oyl of vitriol ; and put a tent dipt in this liquor into the nostril from whence the blood flows , and keep it in two days . rags moistened in this liquor and applyed stop blood , from what parts soever it flows spitting of blood , which betwixt spring and summer befalls weakly people of a hot constitution , whose lungs are infirm , and rather young people than old , is almost of the same nature with the bleeding at the nose , and requires almost the same method of cure , only it will not bear purging , by which , especialy if repeated , the sick is apt to fall into a consumption ; but bleeding used often , a glifter injected every day , a draught made of d●a odium taken at bed-time , and a dyet thickening and cooling will do the business eff●ctually . chap. iii. of vomiting of blood. vomiting of blood , from what cause soever it arises , is very dangerous ; for if too great a quantity of blood be evacuated , their is danger of death ; if it coagulate in the stomack , and corrupt there , it occasions ●ainting . it must be cured by medicines that cause a re●ulsion of the blood from the stomach , and by such as attemperate it , and stop the opening of the veins . and first , because an orderly diet is of great use in this case , the common diet ought to be astringent and cooling , as barley-broths , almond and rice diet , water-gruel , and especially starch boiled in milk , whereunto may be added , a little rose-water , hard eggs may be also used , dipt in vinegar , also bread dipt in water and chicken broath with wood-sorrel , purslain , and plantian boyled in it : but at the beginning of eating some astringent things should be taken , as a quince baked under the ashes , medlars or the like . let the sick abstrain from all salt , pepper'd , and fryed meats , and also from such things as yield a great deal of nourishment , unless the weakness of the sick requires that they should be taken sparingly . he must drink but little , and when he does , it must be water , wherein iron has bin quenched with a little juice of lemon in it . the sick must not expose himself to the winds , nor to the rays of the sun , he must sleep moderately , and his body must be kept open . bleeding must be used sparingly , and it must be repeated . the members must be rubbed and bound , and cleansing glisters must be injected , cupping-glases must be applyed to the buttocks , legs , and loins . let two spoonfuls of vinegar and water mixed be given , if there be a suspition of clotted blood ; for by the use of it , it may be easily disolved , and driven from the veins of the stomach , and they will be stop'd thereby ; foment the region of the stomach also with it cold . let the sick take morning and evening four ounces of the juice of plantain cold . take of old conserve of roses , and of comfry roots , each one ounce , of marmalade of auinces half an ounce , one myrobalane candied , troches of amber and lemnian earth , each two drams , of coral prepared , and of saffron of mars each one dram ; with syrup of dryed roses , make an electuary , and let the sick take the quantity of a nutmeg morning and evening . troches of amber do not only bind , but also disolve clotted blood ; and therefore are frequently to be used . tincture of coral made with the juice of lemons is also very good . but when the blood is evacuated violently , and cannot be stoped by the forementioned medicines , narcoticks must be taken inwardly and injected by glisters , and the region of the stomach must be anointed with the oyl of roses and myrtles washt in vinegar ; and after you have anointed it , sprinkle on powder of coral , bolearmenick , and seal'd earth . bleeding being sufficiently used , gentle and frequent purging must be ordered , whereby the blood may be cleared from serous and cholerick humours , occasioning this disease : but they ought to be made of rhubarb , myro●alans , tamarinds , and the like which bind as well as purge , and do not stir the humours . they may be given in the form of a bolus with syrup of myrtles or dryed roses , or in a potion made of a decoction of sorrel , succory , purslain , or the like . when purging is used , the fore mentioned electuary , syrup of coral , or some other astringent and corroborating medicine must be used at bed-time . lastly , to prevent a relapse , a dram of rhubarb must be given once a week for a long time . chap. iiii. of childrens convulsions . childrens convulsions are so frequent , that they are almost the only species of convulsions . they are chiefly subject to them in the first month , and at the time they breed teeth ; but they also happen at other times and proceed from other causes in such as are disposed to them . sometimes they do not come presently after the birth , but lie hid until the breeding of teeth , or not till a great while after , and take their rise from an unhealthy or big-bellied nurse , from milk clotted or corrupted in the stomach , from a feverish disposit on , from ulcers or scabs of the head or of other parts suddenly disappearing , from changes of the air or the like . we must endeavour to prevent these convulsions in children and infants , or to cure them when they are come ; for if the former children of the same parents have been subject to convulsive fitts , this disease ought to be prevented by the early use of remedies in such as are born after . to this end it is customary to give to new born babes as soon as they begin to breath , some medicine proper for convulsions : some upon this occasion give some drops of pure honey , others a spoonful of canary wine sweetned with sugar , or oyl of almonds fresh drawn ; others give a drop of oyl of ambar : but besides these things used at first , which certainly do good , some other remedies ought to be given ; for instance give a spoonful twice a day of the following liquor . take of the waters of black-cherries and rue , each one ounce and a half ; of langiuses antiepileptick water , one ounce ; of syrup of coral , six drams ; of prepared pearl , fifteen grains ; mingle them in a viol. the third or fourth day after the birth , make an issue in the neck , and if the countenance be florid , bleed , and take away an ounce and an half or two ounces from the jugular vein : but take care that too much blood does not flow out in sleep : rub gently the temples with the following oyntment take of oyl of nutmegs by expression . , two drams of balsam of copaiba , three drams , of ambar , one scruple : mix them . hang round the neck the roots and seeds of male ptony sewed up in a rag. moreover medicines proper for convulsions must be given daily to the nurse : let her take morning and evening a draught of whey wherein the roots of male-peony , or the seeds of sweet fennel have bin boyled , and let her be very orderly in her diet. but if an infant be actually seized with convulsions , because the issue does not run well , you must apply a blister to the neck , or behind the ears ; and if the infant be not of a cold constitution , blood must be drawn from the jugular veins by leeches , and linnements must be used to the temples , nostrils and neck , and to the soles of the feet , and glisters of milk and sugar must be injected . take of the oyls of copaiba , and of castor , each two drams , of ambar , half a dram , make a linnement ; and every fixth or eight hour give a paper of my powder for convulsions in a spoonful or two of black cherry-water , sweeted with syrup of peony , when by reason of breeding of teeth , difficultly convulsions happen , a thin and cooling diet must be ordered , and bleeding and glifters must be often used . when children are seized with convulsions , not presently after the birth , or upon breeding of teeth , but from other occasions and accidents ; the cause for the most part of such is either in the head or in the bowels : when the former is uspected , as is wont to be known by the signs which shew watry humours heaped up in the brain , my powder for convulsions , and the medicines abovementioned must be used . moreover for those who bear purging well , a vomit or gentle purge must be prescribed . when tho cause of convulsions seems to be lodged in the bowels , or when worms or sharp humours in the belly are the cause , my worm-powder is of excellent use . chap. v. of the colick . it takes it's name from the gat colon , which is the part affected : the causes of the colick are excrementious matter , wind , the excrements hardened , costivness , thick , cold , and flegmatick humours , also cholerick and melancholy humours . there are other causes of the coli●k , but less frequent , as stones growing in the guts , worms , hard bodies obstructing the guts , as cherry-stones , hard cheese and the like . the external causes are a cold constitution of the air gross meats of hard disgestion , immoderate sleep immoderate venery , and other external causes , which may injure the concoction of the stomacht but from what cause soever this tormenting disease is occasioned , there is no med cines yet known that do so certainly cure it , as my elixir and cordial drops . but to prevent a relapse , and to strengthen the bowels , and to open obstructions i advise the sick to ride often . chap. vi. of mother fits , and vapours . these diseases are the most frequent of all chronical diseases , and they are not only frequent , but so wonderfully various that they resemble almost all the diseases poor mortals are subject to : sometimes they possess the head , and occasion an apoplexy , and this seizes women very often after delivery , or is occasioned by hard labour , or some violent commotion of the mind . sometimes they produce violent convulsions , very like the falling-sickness , the belly and bowels swelling towards the throat , the woman strugling so violently that tho' at other times her strength is but ordinary , she now can scarce be held by all the strength of the by standers uttering some odd and inarticulate sounds , and striking her breast : these convulsions are commonly called mother fits. sometimes they possess the outward part of the head causing violent pain continually fixt in one part , which may be covered by the top of your thumb ; and violen● vomiting accompanies this pain : this pain chiefly afflict● maids that have the green-sickness . sometimes falling upon the heart , they occasion a violent beating of the heart , so that the women who are afflicted with it , verily believe that the by-standers may hear the found of the heart thumping upon the ribs . this chiefly afflicts those that are of a thin habit of body and of a weak constitution , and also young maids that hav● the green-sickness . sometimes the patient choughs without intermission but brings up nothing : this chiefly invades women tha● abound in flegm . sometimes rushing violently upon the belly the vapours occasion violent pain much like the twisting of th● guts , and the woman vomits exceedingly : this chiefl● seizes those that are of a lax and crude habit of body , and those that have suffered much in bringing forth great children . when the vapours fall upon one of the kidneys , they plainly represent , by the pain they cause there , a fit like that of the stone ; nor is the bladder free from them , ●or sometimes they do not only cause pain there , but also ●●op the urine just as if there were a stone : but this kind ●●izing the bladder very seldom happens ; that which re●embles the stone in the kidneys is not so rare . sometimes falling upon the stomach they cause a●ontinual vomiting and sometimes a loosness , when they are settled upon the guts and as the vapours afflict almost all the inner parts , so sometimes they seize also the outward parts , and occasion pain and sometimes swellings in the jaws , shoulders , hands , thighs , legs ; nor can the teeth free themselves from the assaults of vapours , tho' they are not hollow ; at these pains and swellings which afflict the outward parts chiefly seize those women that are in a manner quite 〈◊〉 out by a long series of vapours , and by the force of them . but among all the torments the vapours occasion , there 〈◊〉 none so common on as a pain in the back : and this is worth observing , that often a notable cold of the outward parts makes way for these fits of the vapours , which for the most part does not go off till the fitt ends : and moreover all women troubled with vapours complain of a dejection and sinking of the spirits . lastly , every one knows that women troubled with vapours sometimes laugh excessively , and sometimes cry as much without any real cause for either : but among all the symptoms that accompany vapours , this is the most proper and almost inseperable ; namely an urine as clear as rock water , and this women in vapours evacuate plentifully : and it sometimes happens that they belsh up ill fumes as often as they eat , tho' they eat only moderately , and according as they have an appetite ; and sometime the wind that comes from the stomach is as sower as vinegar . nor are they unhappy only for that their bodies are so ill affected , and as it were tottering like ruined houses just about to fall ; for their minds are more diseased that their bodies , and an incurable desperation is mixed with the very nature of their disease ; and what the roman orato● said of the superstitious exactly agrees with these melancholy people . sleep , says he , seems to be a refuge for the laborious and careful , but from thence cares and fears arise whilst only funerals and apparitions of their deceased friends are represented in dreams , and they are so tormented in body and mind , that one would think their lives were a purgatory , wherein they were to purifie themselves , and to expiat crimes committed in some other state. nor does this happen only to mad people , but also to those who , if you except these impetuosities of mind are very prudent and judicious , and who much excell for deep thought , and wisdom of speech , others whose minds were never excited by these provokments to thinking . but this dreadful condition of mind which i have above described , seizes only those that have much and a long while conflicted with this disease , and have been at length wholly vanquished by it ▪ especially if adversity , care o● trouble of mind , or the like joined with an ill habit o● body , have added oyl to the flame . in order to the cure , let eight ounces of blood be taken from the right arm , and the following plaister applyed to the navel . take of gal●anum dissolved in tincture of castor , and st●ained , three drams ; of tacamahaca , two drams , mix them make a plaister . the next morning let her make use of the following pills : take of the pill coch : major , two scruples , of castor powdered , two grains , of peruvian balsam , four drops , make four pills . let her take them at five in the morning , and sleep after them . repeat them twice or thrice , every morning , or every other morning according to their operation , and the strength of the patient ▪ after the purging pills are taken , she must take two of my pills for vapours early in the morning , and at five in the afternoon for thirty dayes drinking after them morning and evening , three spoonfuls of compound br●ony-water ▪ and so the vapours are most commonly cured , ●nd most obstructions in women , especially the green-sickness , and also all suppressions of the courses tu●bridge-waters are also very proper for the cure of these diseases ; and riding abroad in the air , if the woman has strength to bear it . when a fit of the vapours seizes any woman , suddenly you must hold to her nostrils assafaetida , galbanum , castor , spirit of salarmoniae or the like , and give inward●y ten drops , of spirit of hartshorn in three spoonfuls of compound briony-water . chap. vii . of twisting of the guts . this dreadful disease , which has hitherto been accounted mortal by almost all , arises from the in●erted and preposterous motion of the guts . when it appears by glisters vomited up and other ●●gns , that there is a twisting of the guts , you must endeavour three things , first , that the contrary motion of the stomach , which occasions the same motion of the guts , may be hindred ; secondly , that the intestines being weakened by sharp humours may be strengthened , thirdly , that the stomach and guts may be freed from the humours ; and that you may answer these indications , you must order the cure in the following manner . first prescribe one scruple of salt of wormwood , in a spoon●ul of juice of lemons to be taken morning and evening , but at other times of the day order some spoonfuls of mint-water without sugar , or any thing else , to be taken twice in an hour , and order a live ki●ling to lye always on the naked belly : but after the pain and vomiting has whollyceased , for the space of two or three days , give one dram of the pill coch major dissolved in mint-water , which must be also used very often all the time of the working of the pills , to hinder the return of the vomiting ; nor is the kitling to be removed before the patient has taken the pills , the sick must observe a very thin diet , namely some spoonfuls of chicken broath must be taken twice or thrice a day , and he must keep his bed till signs of perfect health appear , and when he is well , he must persist in the use of mint-water for a long time , and keep his belly warm with flannels doubled , that there may not be a relapse ; to which this disease is more obnoxious than an other . chap. viii . of the stone in the kidneys . when any one is seized with a fitt of the stone , setting aside all other remedies , let him presently drink a gallon of posset drink wherein two ounces of the roots of marsh mallows have been boyled , and let the following glister be injected . take of the roots of marsh mallows and lillies , each one ounce , of the leaves of mallows , pellitory of the wall , and of the flowers of camomile , each one handful , of flax and fenugreek seeds each half an ounce , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water , to a pint and a half ; dissolve in in the strained liquor , brown sugar , and syrup of marsh-mallows , each two ounces , mingle them make a glister . as soon as he has rendred all the posset drink by vomiting , and rejected the glister , let him take thirty of my cordial drops in a glass of white wine , and compose himself to rest on his bed. but to prevent this disease , let him drink acton or richmond waters , or other purging waters often , especially when he finds a pain in his back or heat of urine ▪ and every summer if his condition will allow of it , tunbridge waters or the like , for the space of a month or whey for the same time , when he has not an opportunity to drink these waters . riding ou horse back is also very good for prevention ▪ but it is to be noted ; that if the stone is too large to pass , neither the waters nor riding are proper , for some old men have hastened their end ; by attempting in vain to cure this disease by such remedies , the stone by this means being thurst forward , when it was too big to pass . if a bloody vrine be occasioned by the stone in the kidnies , take two ounces and a half of manna , dissolved in a quart of whey once a week for some months , and when you are to walk or ride , be sure , to drink a large draught of small beer before you go out , and in the way if you stay long a broad . chap. ix . of vomiting and loosness , call'd cholera morbus . this disease is easily known , for there are violent vomitings , and an evacuation of ill humours with great difficulty and trouble by stool , there is a violent pain of the belly , an heart burning , thirst , a quick pulse and often convulsions , fainting , and a coldness of the extream parts , and such lik symptoms , which frighten the by-standers , and kill the patient in twenty four hours . for the cure of this dreadful disease , proceed in the following manner , boyl a chicken in about 3 gallons of spring water , and let the sick drink several large draughts of it a little warm , or for want of it posset-drink : at the same time a good quantity of the liquor will serve for several glisters , to be given successively , untill all the liquor is consumed and evacuated upwards and downwards . the filth being ejected by these means , which require three or four hours , give twenty of my cordial drops in a spoonful of cinnamon-water , or the ●ike . but it must be carefully noted that if the vomitting and loosness continue many hours , suppose ten or twelve , and the sick is worn out , so that the extream parts ●ax cold , and the use of the liquor above mentioned has been neglected , you must immediately give my cor●i●● drops as above directed , and sixteen of them must be also given morning and evening daily , till the sick has recovered his strength and health . chap. x. of hard labour . that is said to be hard labour , which does not observe the due and ordinary course of nature , and longer time is spent in it , and the pains are more violent than usual , and the symptoms that accompany it are more grievous . many causes may be assigned for it , both external , and internal , the internal depend on the mother , the womb ▪ or the child . as to the mother , the natural weakness of the whole body may make the labour difficult , or her age , she being too young or too old , or it may be occasion'd by diseases , which she had with her big-belly , leanness on two much dryness of the body , or fat compressing the passages of the womb , or the ill-conformation of the bones encompassing the womb , as in those that are lame , may also occasion it , wind swelling the bowels , a stone on preternatural tumour in the bladder that presses the womb , may be the cause . so may the ill constitution of the lungs , or the parts serving respiration , for the holding of the breath is very necessary to help the exclusion of the child . as to the womb , various diseases of it , may render the delivery difficult , as tumours , ulcers , obstructions , and the like . as to the child , hard labour is occasioned , when by reason it is dead , or putrified , or any way diseased , it cannot confer any thing to it's own exclusion . also when the body or head of it is large , or when there are many , so twins most commonly cause hard labour ; or when it is ill situated , as when the hands or the feet offer first , or when one hand or foot comes out , or when it is doubled , or when the membranes break too soon , so that the water flows out , and leaves the orifice of the womb dry at the time of exclusion . or when the membranes are too thick , so that they cannot be easily broken by the child . the external causes depend on things necessary and contingent ; things necessary are those which are commonly call'd non-natural , so cold and dry air , and a north wind are very injurious to women in labour , because they bind the body , and drive the blood and spirits to the inner parts , and they are very injurious to the child coming from so warm a place . hot weather also dissipates the spirits and weakens the child . crude meats and such as are difficulty concocted , and those that bind , taken in a great quantity before labour , render it difficult , the stomach being weakened , and the common passages contracted , which ought to be very open in this case . drowsiness hinders the action of the mother and child , and shews that nature is weak . the unseasonable motion of the woman much retards the delivery ; as when she refuses upon occasion to stand , walk , lye , or sit , or flings her self about unadvisedly , so that the child cannot be born the right way , being turned preposterously by the restlesness of the mother . the retention of such things as should be evacuated at the time of labour , as of urine , that swells the bladder , or excrements in the right gut , the p●●es also much swelled , narrow the neck of the womb , and so hinder natures endeavours . lastly violent passions of the mind , as ●ear , sorrow and anger , make the labour difficult . to things contingent ought to be referred , a blow , a fall , or a wound , which may much obstruct labour , also the want of by-standers , which ought to assist the woman , namely strong women or maids which may lift her up just at the time of her delivery . an unskilful mid-wife , that orders the women to endeavour an expulsion , and to stop her breath , when the ligaments stick fast to the vvomb , so that the vvoman is tired before the time of her delivery . difficult labour is known by the vvoman , the by-standers , and the midwife . and first if the vvoman continue a long time in labour , namely two , three ; four or more days , whereas a natural birth is finished in twenty four hours . languid pains returning at long distances are a sign of difficult labour ; also the pains tending backward , rather than forward . but the causes of difficult labour may be known by the womans relation , and most commonly upon sight , so the weakness of the woman , or leanness , or over fatness may be seen by the habit of the body . the diseases of the womb may be known by their proper signs . the weakness of the child by the weak and slow motion of it . the bigness of the child may be judged of by the stature of the parents , especially if a gigantick man be married to a dwarfish woman , but when there are none of these causes , and the womans and child's endeavours are strong , and yet the labour is difficult , they signifie that the secundine is so strong that it cannot be easily broken , and this will be confirmed , if no water , or moisture flows out in labour . the proposterous figure of the child may be perceived by the midwife . as to the cure of hard labour . first all those things that retard it must be removed , as much as may be . afterwards medicines that further labour must be given : and first it is common with women to give a spoonful or two of cinnamon water , or cinnamon powdered with a little saffron , or half a dram of confection of alkermes in broath , or half a scruple of saffron alone in some br●ath , or every hour a little wine . if these things are not sufficient , the following may be used , which have been frequently very effectual give five grains of extract of saffron , or five drops of oyl of cinnamon , or thirty drops of my cephalick tincture , in a glass of wine ; for it powerfully hastens delivery . sneezing is also very beneficial : it may be provoked by the following powder . take of white hellebore , half a dram , of long pepper , one scruple , of castor five grains . make a powder : let the quantity of a pease be blown up the nostrils . but difficult labour must be helpt also by outward remedies . let the midwife frequently anoint the womb with oyl of sweet almonds , and let the belly be somented with an emollient decoction made of the roots of marsh mallows , the leaves of mallows , and mugwort , linseeds , fenugreek seeds , and the flowers of camomile and melilot . and sharp glisters must be injected : anoint the navel with the oyl of amber . if the child begins to come forth preposterously , as with one arm , or first with a foot , or the like ; the midwife ●ust thrust them back , and turn the child right , which may be done by placing the woman in a bed upon her back , with her head low and her feet high , and then she must thrust the child gently into the womb , and endeavovr to turn it right , namely the face towards the mothers back , and the buttocks and legs must be elevated towards the mothers navel to hasten a natural birth . chap. xi . of miscarriage . miscarriage is the exclusion of an imperfect , or unripe child . the causes of miscarriage are some inward , some outward . the inward may be reduced to four heads , namely to the humours , to the child , to the womb , and to the disease of the mother . the humours may occasion miscarriage when they offend in quantity or quality . they offend in quantity either by way of excess or defect . the quantity is excessive when there is more blood than is requisite to nourish the child ; for then it flows into the veins of the womb , and is excluded like the monthly courses , and so the child comes away with it . there is too small a quantity of the nutritious humour when the child's nourishment is by any means lessened , as by fasting , and when the woman with child nauseats all sorts of of food , or vomits it up again , or the like . in respect of the child miscarriage may happen , if it be too big , so that by reason of it's ●ulk it cannot be contained in the womb. and for this reason little women often miscarry , especially if they are married to men bigger than ordinary . plurality of children may also occasion miscarriage , as when one , or two , or three are contained in the womb at one time . the womb it self occasions miscarriage , if it be not large enough , or if it be inflamed , or impostumated , or moist and slack , so that it cannot contain the child so well as it ought to do . miscarriage comes two ways from the disease of the mother . first when her disea●es are communicated to the child , whereby it is killed or so weakened that it cannot receive due nourishment or growth , such are continual fevers and agues , the fr●nch pox , and many such like . secondly when the said diseases of the mother cause great evacuations or great commotions of the body , as large bleeding from what part of the body soever , fluxes of the belly , grievous swooning , falling sickness , vomiting , and a continual endeavour to go to s●ool called tenesms , which above all other is wont to occasion miscarriage : outward causes which further miscarriage do some of them kill the child , others draw away the nourishment , and others dissolve the bands wherewith it is fastened to the vvomb . the child is killed by great commotions of the mind , by anger , sadness , frights and the like ; by meats earnestly longed for and not obtained , by strong purging medicines , by things that provoke the courses , and by ill smells , especially the stink of a candle ill put out : violent exercise , as dancing , running , riding , jolting in a coach or cart , carrying or lifting from the ground an heavy weight , a violent fall , a blow on the belly , vehement motion of the belly , coughing , vomiting , loosness , sneezing , convulsions , crying out , immoderrate or over wanton embraces , vehement motion of the arms , and the like occasion miscarriage the signs of present miscarriage are manifest of themselves : but such as go before and shew the same are these , an unusual heaviness of the loyns and hips , an unwillingness to stir , appetite gone , shivering and shaking coming by fits , pain of the head , especially about the roots of the eyes , a straightening of the sides and belly above the navel ; the flaging or falling , and extenuation of the dugs . but if frequent and almost continual pains torment the reins and loyns , with endeavours to evacuate the womb , the woman will certainly miscarry in a short time . if from violent external causes , as a blow , fall , and the like , vehememt pain and disturbance arise in a woman with child , she ought to bleed presently , and to keep her bed three or four days , or longer . the cure of miscarriage consists in preservation ; for that which is past cannot be helpt : but all the symptoms which follow miscarriage are the same which accompany women duly brought to bed. the preservation from miscarriage consists principally in these two things ; the one concerns the woman before she is with child , and the other when she is with child : before the woman is with with child , all indispositions of the body , which are wont to cause miscarriage , must be removed , as fullness of blood , ill humours , and peculiar diseases of the womb. if the woman be too full of blood , when she is with child , she must be blooded in the first months twice or thrice if need be ; but much blood must not be taken away at a time ; and if she be troubled with abundance of ill humours , gentle purging must be repeated , especially in the middle months ; in the mean while astringent and strengthening medicines must be used all the time the woman is with child . take of conserve of roses , two ounces , of citron peel candied , six drams , of myrobalans candied , and of the pulp of dates , each half an ounce , of coral prepa●ed , pearl prepared , and shavings of harts-horn , each one dram , with syrup of quinces make an electuaery , of which let the woman take the quantity of a nutmeg every other night at bed time . but that the success of this medicine may be good , the woman must keep her self as quiet , both in body and mind , as possibly she can , and abstain from coition . but if by reason of the vehemency of the cause , whither internal or external , the woman is ready to miscarry , you must do the best you can with the following remedies . and in the first place , so soon as the pain shall be perceived in the lower parts of the belly , we must endeavour to allay them both by medicines taken inwardly , and outwardly applyed ; for if miscarriage be caused by crudities and wind , which is most usual , when it begins from an inward cause , a powder must be given made of aromaticum rosatum and coriander seeds , give of each half a dram , or three or four spoonfuls of dr. stephen's water , if flegm and wind abound ; at the same time let carminative medicine be applyed below the woman's navel , such are bags o● anniseeds , fennel seeds , fenugreek seeds , flowers of camomile , elder , rosemary , and stechas mixed together , o● a rose cake fryed in a pan with rich canary , and sprinkled with powder of nutmegs and coriander seeds ; if by these means the pains cease not , inject a glyster made of win● and oyl , wherein halfe an ounce of venice treacle must be dissolved , and after the glyster is come away , you mus● give sixteen of my cordial drops , in a spoonful of stephen's water . but if blood begins to come away , you must bleed immediatly , and rub the upper parts , and tye th● members ; and if the flux of blood continues , give tw● ounces of the juice of plantain , sweetened with an ounce 〈◊〉 syrup of poppies , to which add one scruple of bolearmeni●● and apply hot a little bag full of red roses and balaustine● boyl'd in smiths water and red wine , to the womans belly . chap. xii . of an immoderate flux of the courses . an immoderate flux of the courses invades , either i● child-bed , or at other times ; as to the first , that afflicts women most on the first days after a difficult labour , and is accompanined with a long train of hysteri●● symptoms ; and as it happens only on the first days , so us●ally it do's not last long ; for if a thickning diet be o●dered ▪ it soon abates . the following drink may be all used take of plantane water , and red wine , each one pint , boyl them till a third part is consumed , sweeten it with a sufficient quantity of white suger ; let the woman take half a pint of it twice or thrice a day . but as to the flux which happens out of child-bed , tho' it befalls women at any time , yet most commonly it invades a little before the time they leave them , namely when they are about forty five years of age , if they have them young , and about fifty if it were late before they begun to have them ; and by reason of the great quantity of blood , which is continually evacuated , they are almost continually afflicted with vapours . in order to the cure , you must bleed in the arm , and eight ounces of blood must be taken away ; the next morning the following purge must be given . take of tamarinds , half an ounce , of sena two drams , of rhubarb , one dram and an half ; infuse them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water , and in three ounces of the strained liquor dissolve of manna , and syrup of roses solutive , each one ounce , make a purging potion ; which must be taken thrice , three days betwixt each purge ; and every night at bed time , through the whole course of the disease , twelve of my cordial drops must be taken in two spoonfuls of small cinnamon water , or the like . take of the conserve of dryed roses , two ounces , of the troches of lemnian earth , one dram and an half , of pomgranate pill , and red coral prepared , each two scruples , of blood-stone , dragons blood , and bolearmenick , each two scruples ; with a sufficient quantity of simple syrup of coral , make an electuary ; whereof let her take the quantity of a large nutmeg in the morning and at five in the afternoon , drinking upon it six spoonfuls of the following julep . take of the waters of oak bud , and of plantain , each three ounces , of cinnamon water hordeated , and of syrup of dried roses , each one ounce ; of spirit of vitriol , a sufficient quantity to make it pleasantly acid . take of the leaves of plantain , and of nettles , each a sufficient quantity , beat them together in a stone mortar , and press out the juice , clarifie it , and give six spoonfuls of it cold three or four times in a day . after the first purge , apply the following plaster to the loins . take of diapalma , and of the plaster for tuptures , each equal parts , mix them and spread them upon leather . a cooling and thickening diet must be ordered , and a glass of claret may be allowed once or twice a day to recover the strength . this method may be also used to prevent miscarriages , but the juices and purges must be omitted . chap. xiii . of a suppression of the childbed purgations . there is so great a flux of humours from all parts to the womb , when a woman is with child , and during the commotion in her labour , that in case there be not afterwards sufficient evacuation of them , the woman is in great danger of very ill accidents , and sometimes of death it self ; because these humours corrupted by their stay , there will certainly cause a great inflamation , and this is the reason why the suppression of these childbed purgations is one of the worst and most dangerous symptoms which can befall a woman after delivery , especially if they be wholly and suddenly stopt the first three or four days , which is the time they should come down plentifully , for then follow an accute fever , great pains in the head , pains in the breast , reins and loyns , suffocation of the mother , and an inflamation which is suddenly communicated to the belly , which thereupon becomes much swelled and blown up ; there happens also a great difficulty in breathing , choakings , beating of the heart , fainting , convulsions , and often death it self , if the suppression continues . and if the vvoman outlives it , she is in danger of an abscess in the vvomb , and afterwards of a cancer , or there may happen great imposthums in the belly ; also the gout , sciatica , and lameness ; or an inflamation and abscess in the breast . the causes of the stoppage of the child-bed purgations , proceed either from a great loosness , or strong passions of the mind , also from great colds and cold drink . to bring the child-bed purgations well down , let the vvoman avoid all perturbations of spirit , which may stop them ; let her ly in bed with her head and breast a little raised , keeping her self very quiet , that so the humours may be carried downwards by their natural tendency ; let her observe a good diet , some what hot and moist , and apply the plaster mentioned in the chapter of vapours to her navel . take of the conserves of roman wormwood , and of ru● each one ounce , of the troches of myrth , two drams , of castor , english saffron , volatile salt of salarmoniak , and of assafoetida , each half a dram ; with a sufficient quantity of the syrup of the five opening roots make an electuary . let her take the quantity of a large nutmeg every third hour , drinking upon it three or four spoonfuls of the following mixture , take the waters of pennyroyal and balm , each three ounces , of compound briony water , two ounces ; of sypup of mugwort , three ounces and an half ; of saffron , two drams ; of castor tyed up in a rag and hanged in the glass , one scruple ; mingle them . if these things are used presently upon the suppression , they generally take it off , chap. xiv . of quinsey . a quinsey comes at any time of the year , especially between spring and summer , and chiefly seizes young men , and such as are of a sanguine complection , and red haired people more than any other . the sick shiver and shake , presently a fever follows , and a little after a pain and inflamation of the jaws ; and if the sick be not presently relieved , he can neither-swallow nor draw his breath , so that he is under the apprehension of being strangled , by reason the jaws are stoped by the inflamation and swelling . there is great danger in this disease , for it sometimes destroys a man in a few hours . in order to the cure , bleed presently in the arm , and take away a large quantity of blood , and presently afterwards open the veins under the tongue , and then touch the inflamed parts with honey of roses made very sharp , with spirit of vitriol or sulphur ; and the following gargarism must be used often , not in the common way ; for it must be kept in the mouth without motion till it wax hot , and then it must be spit out . take of the waters of plantain , roses , and frogs spawn , each four ounces ; the whites of three eggs turned to a water by beating , of white-sugar-candy , three drams ; make a gargarism . the patient must also take daily of the emulsion to be mentioned in the cure of a pleurisie ; the next morning bleed again , unless the fever and difficulty of swallowing abate , and defer purging till the next day : but if both these are lessened , give presently the lenitive purge , mentioned in the chapter of the immoderate flux of the courses . if the fever and other symptoms are like to be troublesome after purging , they will be quelled by bleeding , repeated as before , and by applying a large and strong blister to the neck , and by a glister of milk and sugar injected every morning , except when the sick purges through the whole course of the disease ; the use of all kinds of flesh , and their broths are to be forbid , and the patient must be dieted with oatmeal and barley broths , roasted apples , or the like , and he must drink small-beer , and he must keep from bed some hours every day . chap. xv. of a pleurisie . this disease is very frequent , and comes at any time , but especially betwixt spring and summer ; it chiefly seizes those that are of a sanguine constitution , and often country people , and those that are accustomed to hard labour ; it most commonly begins with a shaking and shivering , and then heat , drough , restlesness , and other symptoms of a fever follow : after a few hours ( but sometimes it is much longer before this symptom comes ) the patient is seized with a violent pricking pain in one of his sides about the ribs , which sometimes reaches towards the shoulder-blades , sometimes towards the back-bone , and sometimes towards the breast ; he coughs frequently , which occasions great pain ; so that sometimes he holds his breath to prevent coughing ; the matter which is spit up at the beginning is little and thin , and often sprinkled with particles of blood : but in the process of the disease , it is more and more concocted and mixed with blood. tho' this disease has an ill name , and is of it self more dangerous than any other , yet if it be well managed , it is easily cured , and indeed as certainly as other diseases . as to the cure , ten ounces of blood must be taken presently away from the arm of the side affected ; then presently after bleeding give the following draught . take of red poppy-water four ounces , of salprunella , one dram ; of syrup of violets , one ounce ; mingle them ●ake a draught . take of sweet almonds , number seven ; of the seeds of melons and pompions , each half an ounce ; of the seeds of white-poppies two drams ; beat them together in a marble mortar , pouring gently upon them a pint and a half of barley-water , of rose-water , two drams ; of sugar-candy , half an ounce ; mingle them , make an emulsion ; give four ounces every fourth hour . pectorals must also be taken frequently . take of the pectoral decoction a quart , of the syrups of violets and maiden-hair , each one ounce and an half , mingle them , make an apozem : let him take half a pint thrice a day . take of the oyl of sweet-almonds two ounces , of the syrups of violets and maiden-hair , each one ounce ; of sugar-candy half a dram ; mingle them , make a linctus , of which let the patient lick often in a day . oyl of almonds by it self , or linseed-oyl is often used with good success . as to diet , you must forbid all flesh , and the broaths of it , tho' never so thin : but the patient may be dyeted with oaten and barley broaths , and panada , and let him drink of a ptisan made of barley-water , and the roots of sorrel , and liquorish , aud sometimes small-beer . anoint the pained side morning and evening with the following ointment , applying upon it a cabbage-leaf . take of the oyl of sweet-almonds two ounces , of ointment of marsh-mallows and pomatum , each one ounce ; mingle them , make an ointment . the sick must persist in the use of the said remedies through the whole course of the disease . if the pain be very violent , you must take away ten ounces of blood again on the first day , or else the day following , and so the third day ; and after this manner four times one day after another , when the pain rages violently . but if the disease be more moderate and less dangerous , and if the patient being weak , cannot well bear bleeding so often , it must not be repeated again after it has been twice used , till a day or two be past betwixt each bleeding . you 'l seldom find that a confirmed pleurisie can be cured in grown people , with less than the loss of forty ounces of blood , or thereabouts ; tho' in children once or twice bleeding is most commonly sufficient . all the time of the disease , care must be taken that the patient be not over-heated ; and therefore he must be taken every day out of his bed , and kept up some hours according to his strength ; for if he be kept continually in bed , neither so large and an evacuation of blood , nor other remedies how cooling soever will sometimes do any good . presently after the last bleeding , it will be convenient to give a gentle purge . chap. xvi . of swooning . the next and immediate cause of this disease , is a defect of the vital spirits . when any one is seized with a fainting fit , you must lay him on his back , and sprinkle water on his face , and provoke sneezing : put some good wine , or cinnamon-water into his mouth ; call him aloud , shake him , pull him by the nose : double his fingers , pull his hair , and rub him . if he faints for want of nourishment , you must refresh him with a piece of bread dipt in wine . if he faint by reason of a malignant quality , give a scruple of venice-treacle dissolved in some cordial water . if he faints by reason of immoderate evacuations , he must be refreshed by good meat and drink , sleep and rest . if it proceed from too great loss of blood , lay him in a bed with his head downward , sprinkle his face with cold water , and give a little wine mixed with water . if it proceed from purging , give twelve of my cordial drops in a spoonful of cinnamon water , and let him lie on a bed. if fainting proceed from a fright or fear , blood must be let . finis . the index . apoplexy , pag. 1. bleeding at nose , 4. blood spitting , 5. blood vomitting , 5. bloody vrine , 15. carus pag 1. child-bed purgations suppressed , 24. cholora morbus , 15. colick , 9. coma 1. convulsions , 7. courses immoderate , 22. labour hard , 16. lethargy , 1. loosness , 12. miscarriage , 19. mother-fits , 10. pleurisie , 26. quinsey , 25. sleepy diseases , 1. stone in the kidnies , 14. swooning , 28. twisting of the guts , 13. vapours , 10. vomitting , 15. advertisement . the following medicines are prepared by the author , and are to be sold at his house at the angel and crown in basing-lane , being the second turning in bread-street from cheapside . 1. my cephacick tincture is excellent for all cold and moist diseases of the head , brain , nerves , and womb : it cures the head-ach , giddiness , takes off dullness and drowfiness , and is very proper for a palsie , and old aches , and takes off womens after-pains , the belly being well bathed with it , and a flanne● applyed over , and it hastens delivery , and is good for mother-fits . for outward uses , bath the part affected with it morning and evening , and rub it well in with a warm hand . for inward uses , give twenty drops morning and evening in a glass of canary . price one shilling the viol. 2. you must give one paper of my powder for childrens convulsions every sixth hour , in a spoonful of black-cherry-water , or the like ▪ price 6 d. the paper . 3. my powder for worms must be taken for three mornings following , one paper at a time , in a spoonful of white-bread and milk. price 4 d. the paper . 4. my cordial elixir , for the colick and gravel ▪ be taken by spoonfuls , 4 or 5 spoonfuls , according to your strength , or so many as you find will give three or four stools ; and presently after it has done working , take twenty four of my cordial drops , in two spoonfuls of cinnamon-water ▪ price 2 s. 6 d. the bottle of my elixir for the colick and gravel . 5. my cordial drops must be taken according to the directions in the foregoing treatise , and you will find them in all the cases where they are mentioned in this book , to be of wonderful vertue and efficacy . price 1 s. the viol. 6. my stomach drops cleanse and strengthen the stomach , for which they are highly to be valued , for from a foul and weak stomach proceed a numerous train of diseases , as crudities , nauseousness , vomittings , loss of appetite , and the like ; and if the stomach which prepares nourishment for the whole body be vitiated , the nourishment , and the blood with which 't is mix'd , must unavoidably be vitiated also , and by consequence all the animal and natural functions must be perverted . they also expel wind , and are good for the jaundice and dropsie , and restore to pale virgins a fresh and pleasant countenance . twenty drops must be taken every morning for the space of a week in a glass of wine , mum , or beer . price 1 s. the viol. 7. my pills for the vapours must be taken according to the directions in the chapter of vapours . price 3 s. 6 d. the box. 8. my electuary for agues , certainly cures 〈…〉 taken presently 〈…〉 take the quantity 〈◊〉 nutmeg every fou●●● hour , and eight days , after the taking the last 〈◊〉 of the electuary , take another pot of it in the same manner , tho' the agne be gone , to prevent its return . price of a pot 2 s. 6 s. 9. my electuary for coughs and consumptions ▪ is an excellent remedy for the diseases of the lungs ; it must be taken often in a day , the quantity of an hazel nut at a time . price of a pot 1 s. 6 d. 10. my purging pill cures the scurvy , and purges the head , breast , stomach , and reins , and is peculiarly proper for a dropsie , womens obstructions , and to purifie the blood after the small-pox , they are also of excellent use for those whose bodies are surfeited by heats and colds ; and for seafaring men , and such as live in unwholsom airs , and moist places , two of them may be taken at bed-time , and two , three , or four , the next morning early , according to the strength of the body they may be swallowed down alone , or taken in the pap of a roasted apple , or honey , or stewed prunes , or in a little syrup , and when they work , drink posset-drink , water-gruel , warm 〈◊〉 or tea . i have found this pill by many years experience , excellent for cleansing the body of ill humours , of what kind soever they be ▪ each box contains eighteen pills ; price ●● . 6 d. a general treatise of the diseases of infants and children collected from the best practical authors by john pechey ... pechey, john, 1655-1716. 1697 approx. 195 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 132 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a53914 wing p1023 estc r1273 12575763 ocm 12575763 63566 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a53914) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 63566) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 327:9) a general treatise of the diseases of infants and children collected from the best practical authors by john pechey ... pechey, john, 1655-1716. [25], 160, [8] p. printed for r. wellington ..., london : 1697. advertisements: p. [4]-[8] at beginning and p. [1]-[8] at end. reproduction of original in british library. includes index. beginning-p. 2 and p. 19-22 are tightly bound in filmed copy. beginning-p. 31 photographed from royal college of surgeons library, london copy, and inserted at the end. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng infants -diseases -early works to 1800. pediatrics -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-05 derek lee sampled and proofread 2006-05 derek lee text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a general treatise of the diseases of infants and children , &c. books lately printed for , and sold by r. wellington at the lute in st. paul's church-yard . there is in the press , and will speedily be publish'd , a mathematical companion ; or the description and use of a new sliding rule , by which many useful and necessary questions in arithmetick , military orders , interest , trigonometry , geometry , geography , gauging , astronomy , navigation , fortification , gunnery , and dialling , may be speedily and exactly resolv'd , without the help of pen or compasses , with an exact abridgment of the laws of excise . by will. hunt , ●●ilomath , and superviser of his majesties excise for the county of kent . the whole works of that excellent practical physician , docter thomas sydenham . wherein not only the history and cures of acute diseases are treated of , after a new and acurate method , but also the shortest and safest way of curing most chronical diseases ▪ translated from the original latin ▪ by john pechey of the college of physicians in london . the family physician , or a collection of choice , approv'd and experienced remedies , for the cure of almost all diseases incident to humane bodies , whethe internal or external ; useful in families , and very serviceable to country people ; containing some hundreds of considerable receipts an secrets of great value , with obsevations of great cures . togethe with the true english wine-celler an the right method of making english wines , or metheglin : with a colection of the choicest and safest cosmetick remedies for preserving the beauty and complexion of ladies : never before published by george hartman , phylo-chymist , author of the preserver and restorer of health , who liv'd and travel'd with the honourable sir kenelm dighy in several parts of europe , the space of seven years , till he died . price 2s . 6d . reflections on ancient and modern learning , by william wolton , b. d. chaplain to the right honourable the earl of nottingham . mrs. behn's novels collected in one vol. viz. oroonoko , the sair jilt , or p. tarquils agnes de castro , or the force of generous love. love ▪ s watch , or the art of love. the ladies looking-glass . the lucky mistake . and love-letters never before printed . the rover ; or banisht cavaliers ▪ as it was acted by his majesty's servants , at the theatre in little ▪ lincolns-inn-fields . writen by mrs. ann behn . the second edition . unnaturàl brother , a tragedy ▪ written by mr. filmer . spanish wives , a farce , by mrs. mary pix . ibrahim , a tragedy , by the same hand . poems , on several occasions , by mr. robert gould . a general treatise of womens diseases . a physical store-house , containing a general practise of physick . a compleat herbal of physical plants . the last three writ by john pechey , &c. old batchelor , a comedy , by mr. congreve . and all sorts of plays , romances , histories , novels , and poetry , are sold by r. wellington , at the lute in st. paul's church-yard . 1697. a discourse upon the nature and faculties of man , in several essays ; with some considerations upon the occurrences of humane life . by tim. nourse gent. a general treatise of the diseases of infants and children . collected from the best practical authors . by john pechry of the college of physicians in london . london : printed for r. wellington , at the lute in st. pauls-church-yard . 1697. the preface . children , if they are virtuous , are great blessings , and a publick good . it is therefore the duty of parents to inure them betimes to a regular course of life , nor ought persons of the best quality to think the guidance of their children beneath them . for cornelia , the mother of the gracchi ▪ and aurelia the mother of augustus caesar , were governesses to children ; and cato , tho' he kept a tutor in his house , did himself frequently instruct his son : so did augustus his grand-children , and the great theodosius wou'd often sit by the tutor ▪ while he was instructing his son. and certainly it is best and safest for parents to have their children under their own eye and inspection . but above all , the fathers example is of greatest force to instruct the son , and his actions authorise the same in the child , nor can the father chastize him , for what himself is guilty . but to come to the business in hand , parents shou'd endeavour as much as in them lies , to provide for the health of their children . the father must not enfeeble his body by excessive drinking or any other vice , for thereby the child suffers for the fathers fault : nor ought such as have hereditary diseases to marry . the mother , during pregnancy , must observe a good diet suitable to her temperament , custom , condition , and quality , and the right use of all the six non-naturals . she must not lace her self so close as she was wont to do , for strait lacing hinders the growth of the child , and often makes it either abortive or mis ▪ shapen . if the mother can't or will not suckle the child herself , care must be taken to procure an healthy , strong , and vigorous nurse , of an age not under twenty five , nor above thirty five , and her milk must be throughly purified after her lying in before she gives suck ; her breasts ought to be pretty big , firm , and fleshy , and her nipples must be a little raised , and of a moderate bigness and firmness , and well perforated with many little holes ; and she must have a sufficient quantity of milk for the childs nourishment , and the colour of it must be white , and the smell of it must be sweet and pleasant : she must be merry and cheerfull , and smile often to divert the child . to conclude , the young physician must take notice that great caution must be used in prescribing opiats and vomits for children , for many dreadfull symptoms have been occasion'd thereby . from the angel and crown in bazing lane , london , january 2d . 1697. the index . a. almonds inflamed . page . 86. apthae , and bladders in the gums . ibid. b. breeding of teeth . p. 88. breathing difficult . p. 93. c. children new-born , their diet and way of ordering . p. 1. convulsions . p. 74. cattarrh , cough . p. 93. costiveness . p. 112. childrens wasting . p. 158. d. diseases , and symptoms of infants in general . p. 14. e. ears inflamed , pains , moisture , vlcers and worms of them . p. ●3 . f. fevers of children . p. 18. frights in sleep . p. 69. falling of the fundament . p. 137. g. galling of children . p. 147. gripes . p. 103. h. hickops . p. 98. hydrocephalus . p. 64. i. inflamation of the head. ibid. inflamation of the belly and hypochondres . p. 106. l. loosness . p. 107. loosening the string of the tongue and the ranula under it . p. 91. m. measles . p. 40. n. navel sticking out . p. 132. navel inflamed . p. 135. r. rickets . p. 148. ruptures . p. 128. s. stone in the bladder . p. 139. squinting . p 82. scabs , and vlcers from milk. p. 48. syriasis . p. 66. small-pox . p. 27. t. tinea . p. 54. v. vomiting . p. 100. vrine difficult . p. 142. vrine involuntary . p. 145. of childrens diseases . chap. i. of the dyet and ordering of children new-born . after the navel-string is cut and bound up , and the infant is washed , you must inquire about the constitution of it : 〈…〉 which purpose you must first consider whether the mother was healthy at the time she was with child ; for that is a sign of a healthful child , esecially if the father be also of a sound onstitution : afterwards you must ind what is the colour of the new born infant ; it is best when the colour is reddish all over the body , for that by degrees turns daily florid : but those children that are at first florid or white , are most commonly of an ill temperament , cold , dull , and not long lived . the crying of the child new born , ought to be loud and clear , because it signifies plenty ▪ of spirits , and a strong breast : but if the child cries low , it is a sign that the vital strength is small , and the spirits few , and the muscles of the breast weak : you must more over consider whether the magnitude , figure , passages , situaon of all the parts be as they ought ; and therefore the midwife should handle it gently , and search whether any thing be amiss in any part that it may be rectified as much as may be : let her often extend and contract the arms and legs , and cleanse them from filth , and she must see whether the eyelids , the ears , the nostrils , the fundament , and privities are as open as they ought to be , and she must take notice of the fingers and toes that they do not stick together . she must put her finger into the mouth and cleanse it from filth , and see whether the child be tongue-tied or not afterwards the child must be swaithed up , and laid in the cradle . galen says that before it is cloathed , the body must be sprinkled all over moderately with salt , that the skin may be rendered thereby more dense and solid than the inner parts ; for he says , they are all equally soft in the womb : but it is to be feard that the salt by its biteing quality should occasion itching and other inconvenienceis , and therefore this custom was soon left off , and instead of it they washed new-born children with wine , and what galen says is not agreeable to reason ; for the skin in the womb has a peculiar constitution different from the internal parts ; nor is it safer to thicken the skin and to hinder transpiration , as galen says in another place , much less is the custom of some barbarous people to be imitated , which was also used formerly in germany , viz. the dipping the warm infant from the womb in the next brook , that thereby it may be rendred more strong and lusty , and to try the strength of their children , whom they chiefly design for the wars ; for without doubt none but strong children would survive such a dipping . before the teat be offered to the child , some honey or oyl of almonds ought to be given it , to carry off from the stomach and bowels some filth collected in the womb ; for a certain black and pitchy matter is contracted in the womb , and ought to be presently evacuated , for if it be not , sits are occasioned , and some think the child ought to be dieted three whole days with fresh oyl of almonds and sugar , and others order some other woman to suckle , the child , till the mothers milk is pure . the child must be defended from all external injuries , and it must be kept in an air moderately hot ; and if it be not of a very good constitution , an air inclining to the contrary must be chosen : but respect must be had to the seasons of the year . the cradle must be placed where there is not too much light , and so as that the light of the sun or of a candle may be seen directly , and great care must be taken that the child be not frightned , and it must never be left alone , left it be injured , by venemous creatures , or some other external injuries , which they cannot resist , for it is known that scorpions , serpents , and such like creatures have crept into childrens mouths , or other wise injured them , or cats by lying upon them have suffocated them . let th child lie in a cradle by it self and not with the mother or nurse , till it has its hands and feet at liberty to help it self , lest , as has been often found , it be suffocated by the nurse , or by the bed , and the cradle should be so made , that it cannot easily be overturned by rocking . infants should sleep more then they do wake , that thereby concoction may be the better perfected , and the spirits invigorated , and therefore if watchings are troublesome , sleep must be endeavoured by singing , rocking , and offering the teat often : but care must be taken that the stomach be not over burthened with milk the new born child must be bathed once a day ; and moderately rubbed ; for such frictions help concoction , and the distribution of the nourishment , and serve instead of exercise and motion , which the infant by reason of its tenderness cannot undergo , and they strengthen the members and make them firm . after bathing , the infant must be swathed up , lest it should move its hands and feet too freely , and thereby distort the bones , which are yet very flexible ▪ but after four months the hands and arms may be let loose , but the whole breast and belly must be swathed for a-above a year to comfort the heart , and to defend the parts , and you must be sure to cleanse the child often , to prevent itching and excoriation . and care must be taken that the body be kept open , which may be easily done if the milk be good , and in a convenient quaintity . but if the belly be bound , it must be anointed below the navel with some oyls , or emollient liniments , or an emollent glister must be injected . moderate crying conduces to the evacuating the brain , to dilate and cleanse the lungs , and excites the natural heat : but when it is immoderate it is wont to occasion fluxions upon the eyes , catarrhs , and ruptures . it does least hurt before sucking , and and when the milk is concocted , but because most commomly children do not cry without a cause , but are provoked by something that disturbs them , a prudent mother or nurse will endeavour to find out what is the cause ●hat that being removed , the child may be at quiet : she will see whither the linnen be foul'd for children love to be clean , and will not sleep quietly till filthy close are removed from them : the mother will see whether they are swaithed too hard , or whether they are not pinched by the wrinkling of the linnen , or pricked by a pin , or whether gripes be the occasion . as to the nourishment it must be fed with milk for some months , and it may suck as often as it will , if it be not subject to a vometing or loosness and provided the stomach be not over-charged , and in suckling of a child you must take notice to offer by turns the right and left breast , especially after it is permitted to use its hands ; for if you do not observe this , it will be accustomed to use one hand . after some months you may feed the child with pap. but it is not convenient to give solid meats before they have their teeth ; for they cannot chew them : but after the teeth are bred , it is convenient to accustom them by degrees to solid food ; yet notwithstanding you must not deny them milk , bread , pulse boyled , and flesh , first chew'd by the nurse may be sometimes given them , but hard meats must not be allow'd . in this mixture of aliment we must take care , while milk is in the stomach that no acid or austere thing be given , which may coagulate or corrupt the milk in the stomach . when the limbs of the infant are strong , and it begins to use its hands and feet you must not too early allow of such motions , much less must you put them upon their feet too soon , as some unskillfull nurses do , and by that means crook their legs but when they are able to stand upon their legs , they must be somewhat sustained by the leading-strings and afterwards that they may be accustomed to go alone , you must put them into running-chairs , such as are common in families , and suffer them to push them along themselves , and by this sort of playing exercise , they will be accustomed to their feet , and learn to go , and to stop themselves : but when they begin to go without help , they must not be left alone , and to prevent all danger it is best to put roll's about their heads . as to bathing , a child new born ought to be washed every day , but from the third month , to the seventh month till they are weaned twice a week . if the child be apt to use its left hand , you must bind it up and leave the right free , that by frequent use it may become agile and strong . the child must not be weaned before it has all its teeth , for till then it cannot chew solid meats ; besides , in breeding the teeth , especially the dog-teeth , children are subject to fevers ▪ pains of the gums , and other symptoms ▪ and it is to be sear d that weaning them encreases their misery . but here can be no certain time set for weaning children ; for those that are brisk may be sooner weaned , and those that are weak may suck longer , and sometimes children are to be weaned before they ought , by reason the nurse or mother are sick , or have conceived ; and therefore some are weaned in the tenth month , and some in the twelfth , and yet it is most convenient that the child suck a year and an half , or two years ; and it is proper to diet them with milk a little longer ; for the parts being strengthened by this agreeable aliment , partake of the benefit of it for the whole life . but at what time soever the child is weaned , unusual meats are not suddenly to be offered to it ; it ought therefore to be accustomed to them by degrees while it does suck ; for all sudden changes are dangerous , and a man is offended by good meats , if he be not accustomed to them ; therefore pape and chicken-broath are first to be given , and when they have been weaned a while , pulse , and flesh of easie digestion and good juice , first chewed by the mother or the nurse . it is better so wean a child in the spring or autumn , than in the summer or winter , least to the alteration of the body , which is occasioned by the new diet , another proceeding from the heat or cold of the ambient air be added to it , and so the child be prejudiced : some women think , and not without reason , that it is better to wean a child at the increase of the moon , than at the decrease : and because it sometimes happens , that children cannot be drawn from the teat by any means , the papes must be anointed with the juice of wormwood , or with the following liniment . take of honey two drams , of aloes half a dram , of the juice of wormwood one dram . but these things must not be used too much , least the lips and gums of the children should be inflam d , or the stomach hurt : and because sometimes some children dislike honey and sweet things , you may anoint the papes with them , and so cause an aversion : but the best way of weaning them is for the mother or nurse to get out of sight ; for if the children do not see them they will not cry for the breast . as to the diet of children that are wean'd till they come to be seven years old , it ought to be very different from that of the adult ; for children are yet weak , and their bodies tender , and so cannot easily bear errors in diet : at this age they ought to be fed often , and so much meat ought to be given them , as may not only suffice for their nourishment , but for their growth also , as hippocrates rightly observes , children says he , are least able to bear hunger , and among such those especially that are of a quick wit. as to the passions of mind , we must endeavour that children be not violently moved with anger ; or affected with sorrow , nor frighted ; for these violent passions of the mind make great impressions upon the body , and so occasion the falling sickness and other diseases ▪ iniquity is connatural to infants , and they are more prone to evil than to good , we must not therefore indulge them too much , but from their tender years we must so endeavour to moderate all the faculties and affections of their soules , that they my be obedient to reason ; for in this age the foundation of a good life is to be laid . do we not see that young lyons and bears , when they are young , can be made so tame , as to obey the very nod of the keepers ; whereas if you let them alone till they are grown up , they will for ever after remain fierce and wild , why then should not the mind of a child be so tamed , as to obey reason , and to harken to advice : but there are not the appearances of all the affections in the first years ; anger shews it self first by crying and the like ; and therefore you should endeavour to nip this animosity in the bud , and they that will not be reclaimed by admonition , must be disciplined by the rod , that in time to come they may be sit to perform the offices of a man : play must be allowed them to moderate their affections , and indeed this age can scarce do any thing seriously , only you must take care that their play does not injure their bodies ; such exercises must be allowed as are agreable to their years , and they must not be bred up in sloath ; for it being necessary that they should be plentifully sed , as has been said , unless they use exercise , the nourishment will not be well distributed to all the body , and the native heat will be suppressed ; in this age they must be often washed : they that converse with them must take a special care that nothing blasphemous , scurillous , or immodest be said or done , so as to give an ill example to them : about the sixth year of their age , they should be put to schoole to a master , who is to instruct them in all things necessary to a good life . chap. ii. of the diseases and symptoms of infants in general . what ever diligence has been used for the right ordering of the diet of infants , yet notwithstanding they are often subject to diseases ; for that blood which was wont to be evacuated every month , and those vitious humours that were wont to be carried off with it , being detained nine whole months in the womb , it may easily happen that the child be injured there by , especially all mothers being not equally healthful , and besides many great errors being committed in diet , many vitious humours are communicated to the fetus with the nourishment ; all which , tho not always , disorder children in the womb , and sometimes after they are born , occasion various diseases and symptoms ; and sometimes the child is injured in the birth , or by the cuting of the navel-string , or by the change of place ; for when it was in the womb , it was encompassed with peculiar coverings , flesh , membrans , and humours all warm and soft . the diseases and symptoms of children are many , some common with the adult , which being added by some authors to treatises of childrens diseases makes them bulky ; and therefore i will here pass them by , and treat only of such as are proper and familiar with them . in the cure of infants a special regard is to be had to the methods and medicines , for children by reason of the weakness of their bodies , cannot under go severe methods or strong medicines : they do not well bear bleeding , nor strong purges , but where purging is required , a suppository ought to be used , or a glister must be injected . for instance . take of the leaves of violets , and mallows , each one handful , of the flowers of camomile , and violets , each one pugil : boyl them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water . take of the strained liquor four or five ounces , according to the age , and add to it of syrup of roses solutive , half a ounce , six drams , or an once of oyl of violets , half an ounce , make a glister : take of the whey of goats-milk a sufficient quantity , add to it of syrup of succory with rubarb , or of honey , or of syrup of roses solutive six drams , of oyl of violets half an ounce , make a glister . but if there be occasion for other purges they are most conveniently given to the nurse or mother ; for the purgative quality is imparted by the milk to the child ; or lenitive purges may given to children , respect being had to their age , as syrup of roses solutive , syrup of succory with rhubarb , cassia , manna , or the like . chap. iii. of the fevers of children . the first indication incuring childrens fevers is to prepare well the acid , that it may be the easier ejected , but this preparation must not be endeavoured by sudorificks , properly so call'd , that is such as heat the body , which are by no means to be used for infants or children ; but such things as absorbe the acid , and gently restrain the ebullition , are to be used the chief of these are crabs-eyes and claws , oyster-shells , cuttle-bones , egg-shells , coral , coraline , pearl , mother of pearl , both the bezoarstones , hearts-horn burnt , burnt ivory , the bone of a stags heart , shavings of harts ▪ horn , bolearmonick , seald-earth , blood-stone , and the like , and among compounds , compound powder of crabs claws , the goastone , and confection of hyacinth . take of compound powder of crabs claws , and of pearl prepared , each one dram , mingle them , make a powder to be divided into six equal parts . or , take simple powder of crabs-claws one dram , of crabs-eyes prepared two scruples , of cochinel six grains mix them , make a sine powder to be divided into six papers ; let one be taken as soon as may be , and another two hours after , and afterwards let one be taken every fourth hour for the first two days , unless the child be a sleep : but let the powders be taken in a spoonful of the following julep , and give a spoonful presently after . take of the aqualactis alexiteria four ounces , of black cherry water , each two ounces , of compound peony and epidemick water , each two drams , of pearled sugar half an ounce ; mingle them , make a julep . or , take of sweet almonds blanched , number ten , beat them in a morter , and pour upon them gently half a pint of barly water , or of aqualactis alexiteria ; strain it and add six drams of simple cinnamon water , half an ounce of white sugar ; mingle them make a julep . sometimes i am wont to use , other things being omitted , a julep that hath much pearl in it , but i order that the glass should be well shook , before it be poured out . take of black cherry water , four ounces , of the water of all the citron two ounces , of aquamirabilis , and prepared pearl , each two drams , of white sugar half an ounce ; mingle them , make a pearl julep , give three spoonfuls at a time . but if the child be troubled with a cough , give half a spoonful of some ●ectoral mixture , or linctus , and let him take less of the powders above prescribed . take of the powder of coraline , and simple crabs claws , each one dram and an half , of the syrups of maiden-hair and marsh-mallows , each one ounce , balsom of tolu half an ounce , of red popy-water half an ounce , mingle them . bolearmonek is often properly mixed with such things to good purpose , it powerfully stops cattarhs flowing upon the lungs . the juice of penny-royal eated , and sweetened with sugar-cany , is also better than most other remeies . oyl of sweet-almonds is very ood , if children can take it , so is brim●●one and the flowers of it . the foresaid powders are to be repeated seldom , or often , according to the degree of the symptoms : but it is here to be noted , the gripes , restlessness , and watchings of children , are as easily apeased by testaceous powders as pains nd watchings by narcoticks in grown eople . the third day , unless the small-pox meazles , or scarlet-fever appear , i order a child of one year old to be purged in the following manner . take of syrup of succory with rubarb 〈…〉 drams , of choice rubarb powder'd fifteen grains , or a ●●uple , of aqualactis ●●●lectiteria one dram , of small cinnamon water thirty drops ; mingle them . or , take of sweet-almonds blanched , number three , beat them in a marble mortar , and pour upon them gently an ounce or an ounce and an half of barly-water : in the strained liquor dissolve three drams or half an ounce of the best manna● mingle them , and make a purging emulsion . sometimes i order this or the like plaister to be applied to the region of navel , especially if children are troubled with worms . take of succortrine aloes , one dram , of the powder of the leaves of savin , of the tops of the lesser c●ntaury , and of the flowers of camomile , each one scruple , with a sufficient quantity of venice turpentine , make a plaister ; let the margin of it be spread with the plaister of cumin to make it stick the better , and sometimes it may be converient to add to the other ingredients a scruple of coloquintida . there is no purging medicine more ●oper for children , and more innocent ●an rubarb , it gently and safely eva●ats the matter occasioning the fever , ●d gently purges off the humours , that ●rthen the stomach and whole body , ●d it strengthens , wherefore it is very ●oper for infants , children big belli● women , old men , and such as have ●en weakned by diseases . after the purge hath done working , ●me powder like the former must be ●ven in the evening , and afterwards ●ust be repeated three or four times in day at fit times for two days , and on ●e third day purging must be used , ●d it must be dosed according to the ●eration of the former . these things being performed , the ●orst symptoms most commonlly ●ase . as to bleeding of children , tho it ●ay be used , when the febrile matter is cast upon the lungs , or for a hooping cough , yet it is plainly a remedy not agreeable to their nature . a child about three years and a● half old was seized with a small fever that was continual , and accompanie● with very irregular exacerbations , she complained of a great pain in the head and sometimes in the belly , she nauseated all meat , and was very sleepy , 〈◊〉 that the standers by thought she would have the small-pox : there was a twitching of the nerves in sleep , and she ha● sometimes a dry cough . i prescribe● the following things . take of aqualactis ale●iteria six ounce ▪ of epidemick-water half an ounce ▪ 〈◊〉 prepared pearl one dram , of the simp● powder of crabs-claws two drams , 〈◊〉 cristaline sugar half an ounce ; ming● them , make a julep , whereof let● her tak● three spoonfuls every fourth hour , shaking the glass before useing of it . take of succotrine aloes one dram , of the tops of the lesser centaury , of the leaves of savin ▪ dry'd , each ▪ half a dram , of burgundy-pitch one dram , of venice-turpentine a sufficient quantity ; make a plaister to be applyed to the navel . the next day she persisted in the use of the julep , and a blistering plaister was applyed to the neck : a glister with milk , sugar , and salt was injected , ●ecause the belly was bound : at bed●ime she took the following bolus . take aethiops mineral , and merourius dulcis , each fix grains , of marmalad● of quinces , two scruples , make a bolus . the next morning she took the fol●owing purging syrup . take of syrup of buckthorn two drams , of the earl of warwicks powders six grains , of choice rubarb powdered twelve grains , of tincture of saffron twen●y drops , of black-cherry-water one dram ; mingle them . on the fourth and fifth day , the fol●owing mixtnre was given by spoon●uls . take of coraline two drams , of the leaves of mint dryed and powdered , one scruple , of the simple powder of crabs claws one dram , of balsamick syrup , and of the syrup of marsh-mallows , each one ounce , of orange-water half an ounce ; mingle them . the evening preceding the sixth day , the bolus before prescribed was repeated , and the morning following the purging syrup , by the virtue where of the child vomited up a worm , and soon after recovered . the fevers which are occasioned by corrupted milk are known , for that the teeth are not come , and there are signs of corrupted milk , grips , frequent yellow or green stools : fevers that come from breeding the teeth known by the signs of breeding teeeth : these fevers most commonly are not dangerous , for the cause being taken away , they cease of themselves ; but if the corruption of the milk continues long , the childrens lives are in danger : those children , says hyppocrates , who have an acute fever upon breeding the teeth are seldom troubled with convulsions ; yet they are sometimes destroyed by a flux of the belly and watchings . if the fever proceed from corrupted milk , you must use cooling and moistening things , because such fevers generally come from choler , and therefore such nourishment must be given to the mother or nurse , viz. lettice , endive sorrel , an emulsion of the four greater told seeds , and a ptisan of barley , and the mother or the nurse must abstain from wine , whilst the childs fever continues , and the nurse must be gently purged with manna , cassia , or syrup of roses solutive ; and alteratives may be given to the child , as the juice ●nd syrup of violets , or the syrup of sorrel or citron ; the waters of succory endive , and violets sweetened with sugar , and the spine must be anointed with an oyntment made of the mucilages of the seeds of quinces and flea●ane , of oyl of violets and a little wax ; or a plaister made of houseleek , plan●ain , night-shade , rue , barley-meal , ●nd the white of an egg may be applyed to the stomach ; and it is necessary when the milk is corrupted , and ●urns to choler , to apply to the stomach ●ooling and astringent things , that the ●orruption of the milk may be preven●ed ; and the concoction helped . take of the oyles of roses and mastich , each half an ounce , of red sanders and coral , each one scruple , of wax a little ; mingle them . but if the fever proceed from breeding the teeth , we must endeavour to make the eruption of them easie , but more of this , when we come to speak of breeding teeth , and the alteratives mentioned before for the fever occasioned by corroupted milk are of use here and do good . chap. iv. of the small pox. there are two sorts of them , the distinct and confluent the distinct begin with a shivering , and coldness , which is presently followed with excessive heat , a violent pain in the head and back , vomiting , a great propensity to sweat in grown persons : but i have not observed , says sydenham , any such disposition in children , either before or after they come out : a pain at the cavity of the breast , beneath the region of the heart , if it be pressed with the hand , dullness and sleepiness , especially in children , and sometimes convulsive fits , and if these happen to them that have all their teeth , i reckon the small-pox are at hand , which , most commonly , coming out a few hours after , sufficiently answer the prognostic●tion : for instance , if the child has a convulsive fit in the evening , as it usually happens , the small-pox appear the next morning ; and more over i have very often observed , that when they come immediately after these fits , they rise in large pustles , and are mild , and favourable , and seldom flux ▪ it is to be noted that sometimes the course of separation is past over gradually without any sickness , but most commonly , as we said before , the sickness before the eruption is most violent . the distinct small-pox usually come out on the fourth day inclusively , and sometimes a little latter , but rarely before , at which time the symptoms most commonly abate , or totally vanish : the eruption is after this manner , first pimples as big as small pins heads here and there shew themselves , and first of all in the face , neck , and breast , and afterwards in the whole body : at this time the jaws are afflicted with a pain , that increases as the pustles rise , which , growing daily bigger and higher , inflame the neighbouring skin and flesh ; for about the eight day , from the first approach of the sickness , the spaces between that before were somewhat white now begin to be red , and swell more or less , according to the number of the pustles , so that sometimes the eyes are swelled up and the patient is deprived of sight : next after the face , the hands and fingers swell more or less , according to the number of th● pustles ▪ th● pustles that were smooth and red to this day , are now grown rough and some what white , which is the first sign of their coming to maturity ; more over they cast out by degrees a certain yellowish matter . on the eleventh day the tumour and inflamation of the face manifestly diminish , and on the fourteenth or fifteenth day totally vanish . that s●rt of small-pox which is called the flux has the same symptoms with the distinct , only they are more violent : moreover a loosness sometimes preceds the erruption , and continues a day or two after it : this sort comes out generally on the third day ; and sometimes so like a erisppelas or the measles , that they cannot be easily distinguished : these do not rise so high as the distinct , especially those in the face : after the eight day they begin to change into a duskish-colour . a loosness afflicts children in the flux-pox , but does not invade children so soon , as spitting does grown people ; but at what time soever it comes , if it be not stopt by art , it continues thro the whole course of the disease . i have always observed , that when the disease was violent , the sick had as it were a fit in the evening , and then the symptoms raged as it were more cruely . as soon as the signs of this disease shew themselves , i keep the sick from the open air , and forbid them the use of wine and flesh , and allow them small bear gentlly warmed with a toast for their ordinary drink , and now and then permit them to drink as much of it as they will. i order them for victuals , oat-meal and barley-broths , and roasted apples , and other things which are neither too hot nor cold , nor hard to be digested , i forthwith prohibit an hot regimen , and the use of all manner of cordials : on the forth day i commit the sick to his bed , and then if the pustles come not out well , some gentle cordial may be properly prescribed , at lest for once to drive them out . among the medicines for this purpose , those they called paregorick , such as liquid laudanum , diascordium and the like , if they be mixed in a small quantity with some proper cordal waters , excell the rest : when the pustles first come out , i then carefully consider whether they be of the distinct or confluent kind , because they differ exceedingly one from the other , though they agree as to some symptoms ; if therefore from the bigness and paucity of the pustles , and the slowness of the coming out , and from the vanishing of sickness and other symptoms , which tire the patient after the eruption of the flux-pox , it appears that they are the distinct sort , i take care that the sick be refreshed with small-beer , oat-meal and braley gruel , and the like : and if the small-pox be but few , and in summer time , and that very hot , i see no reason why the patient should be kept stifled in ●ed , and why he may not rather rise a few hours every day , provided the inconveniences of too much cold or heat may be prevented by the place and cloathing : but if either the cold season of the year , or a large eruption of the puscles put the patient under a necessity of keeping his bed continually , i take care that he lye not hotter , nor has more cloaths on him , than when he was in health , and that he have a fire kindled only in the morning and evening , unless it be winter , nor do i require , that he should be always fixed to one place , least he sweat , which i confidently affirm cannot be promoted without great danger : when the disease is going off , it is proper to give some proper cordial medicine , and at the same time also a little hotter , and more cordial-diet may be allowed : for instance sugar-soaps , and oat-mea●-caudle , and the like ; nor is there any need of any other thing at all in the distinct and gentle sort , if the patient be treated moderately with this method and diet , unless by chance restlessness or watchings should now or then perswade the use of a paregorick . but if the small-pox flux , the case is very hazardous , for this sort is no less different from the other , than the plague is from this , tho among the vulgar , who take names and words for things , the cure of both is said to be the same ; for towards the end of the disease , the sick is in great danger , namely , on the eleventh day , in the common flux-pox , on the fourteenth in a worser sort and on the sevententh in the worst sort , and sometimes tho rarely ▪ on the 21st . day , the fever , the restlessness , and other symptoms invading together , whereby the sick is generally destroyed , unless art relieve him ; wherefore seeing there is so much danger , when they flux , the physitian should endeavour all he can to hinder their fluxing , by bleeding presently in the arm , if there be the lest suspicion of the flux-pox , and by giving a vomit afterwards , and by keeping the sick up till the sixth day , from the first sickness , afterwards he must be put to bed , and kept there till the end of the disease : but he must have no more cloaths on , nor a greater fire in his chamber , than he used to have , when he was well , and he must drink freely of small beer , or other coolling liquors . but because notwithstanding the sick freequently grows hot , light-headed , and restless , i give an anodyne every night , but a little earlier than is usual ; because in this disease , a sit of heat and restlessness comes , almost every day , towards the evening . but , which is to be lamented , notwithstanding these , and all other physical helps , the sick is very often seized on the eleventh day , or on some other of those days , which we said were most fatal , in the various kinds of flux-pox , with a violently fever , difficulty of breathing , and restlessness , and dies suddenly : therefore in this deplorable case , blood must be taken away , according to the strength and age of the patient ; from a young man ten or twelve ounces must be taken , and in the evening a large anodyne must be given , as before , and so afterwards morning and evening , and sometimes oftener : but it is to be diligently noted , that in some the fury of the disease is so high , that a very large dosed anodine cannot stop its force in twelve hours ; in which case it is necessary to repeat the anodyne every sixth or eighth hour . and because it happens often at the lattor end of the disease , that the body is bound up so much , that the sick is like to be suffocated , and consequently is in great danger ; in this case i have given successfully to grown people an ▪ ounce and an half of lenitive electuary dissolved in four ounces of succory water , or the like , which draught generally gives some stools before night : but if it does not , an anodyne must be given in the evening , and sooner notwithstanding the purge , if great restlessness , or some considerable sickness threatens danger : if therefore the purge does not answer the first day ▪ it must be repeated the next , and then it seldom fails : and in this manner bleeding and purging may be repeated by intervals , as occasion requires . but it is to be noted , that the sick must not be purged till the thirteenth day , or after , nor then , unless bleeding has gone before . for spitting of blood and bloody urine coming upon the small-pox ( for both these hemorrhagies come sometimes at the beginning of the disease ) after bleeding largely once , give an anodyne . take of red poppy-water two ounces , liquid laudanum , 14 drops , of distilled vinegar three drams , of diacodium half an ounces ; make a draught to be repeated every night at bed time . note that bleeding must be ordered and prescribed according to the age and condition of the patient : the like is to be observed in giving anodyens , and dosing other medicines . take of troches of lemnian earth , blood-stone , dragons blood , and red coral prepared , each half a dram , of dragons blood , and red coral prepared , each half a dram , of mastick , and gum arabec● , each one scruple ; mingle them make a fine powder , whereof let him take half a dram every third hour , drinking upon it four or five spoonfuls of the following julep . take of the waters of plantain , and oak-buds , each three ounces , of cinnamon water hordeated , two ounces , of syrup of dryed roses one ounce , make it a little accid with spirit of vitriol . emulsions also of the four greater cold seeds , with white popies do a great deal of good . after the hemorrhagy is quite stopt , you must proceed , according to the method prescribed in the small-pox . the loosness in children must be permitted in the flux-pox , because it evacuates the morbisick matter . at last when the pustles are crusty and hard , anoint the face often with oyl of sweet-almonds . note , if in the distinct small-pox , the face does not swell , you must give an anodyne presently : but if the patient be light headed , and very sick , and makes water often , but little at a time , he can be relieved no other way , death being near at hand , than by giving narcoticks freely , or by taking away a large quantity of blood , and exposing the body to the air : but i would not be so understood here , as if in every frenzy coming upon the small-pox , there being no symptom more frequent , that i should advise bleeding presently , but only in that which therefore happens , because the face does not swell in the distinct kind , tho there be a great number of pustles . note also , for a suppression of urine , which sometimes a●flicts young and brisk people , nothing does so well as taking the sick out of bed , and after he has walked twice or thrice cross the room , by the assistance of the by standers , he will presently make water freely , and be much relieved thereby . note , the symptoms arising from catching cold , or by evacuations unduly used , whereby the small-pox are struk in , must be removed by cordials , and an agreeble regimen : but they must not be continued after the symptoms are gone off , the chief of these are flatting of the pustles , and a looseness in the distinct small-pox ; for in the flux a depression of the pustles is natural , nor is a looseness dangerous in children : in both these cases , a cordial portion made of distilled waters , diacordium liquid laudanum , and the like , is proper , not only to remove these symptoms , but also at any time of the disease , if the sick complains of a pain at the heart , or of sickness : but to speak the truth , symptoms of this kind are very rare compared with those that owe their original to the other extreme , which is more fatal , tho less blamed . when the patient is mending , and and the pustles are falling off , after he has eat meat a few days , namely , about the 21st , or 22d day , i think he ought to be blooded , if the disease has been violent , and after bleeding , he must be purged three or four times . chap. v. of the meassels . this disease chiefly invads infants and all those that are together in the same house : it begins with shaking and shivering ▪ and with an inequality of heat and cold , which mutually expel one another the first day : the second day it ends in a perfect fever with violent sickness , drowth , and want of appetite , the tongue is white , but not dry ; there is a tickling cough , with a heaviness of the head and eyes accompnied with perpetual drowsiness , and for the most part an humour distils from the eyes and nose ; and this effusion of tears is a certain sign of the approaching measles , to which this is to be added , no less certain , viz. that tho this disease shews it self most commonly in the face , after the manner of little swellings in the skin , yet in the breast , rather red spots than swellings are perceived , arising no higher than the superficies of the skin : the patient sneezes as if he had taken cold , and the eye-lids swell a little before the eruption ; he vomits , but is oftener troubled with a looseness with greenish stools ; but this chiefly happens to children , that are breeding their teeth , and they are frowarder in this disease , than they are commonly wont to be : the symptoms increase till the fourth day , at which time generally ( tho sometimes they are deferred ) little red spots like fleabites begin to come out about the head , and other parts of the face and being increased in number and magnitude branch into one another , and so paint the face with large red spots of various figures , which are occasioned by little red wheals , not far distant one from another , that are elevated a little above the superficies of the skin , and their protuberancies may be perceived by a gentle touch , tho they can scarce be seen : these spots spread themselves by degrees from the face , which at first they only possessed , to the breast , belly , thighs , and legs : but they affect the trunk and members with redness only , without any sensible inequality of the skin : the symptoms of the measles do not abate by the eruption , the cough and fever increase , with difficulty of breathing , weakness of the eyes , and the defluxion on them , and the drowsiness , and want of appetite continue the same as before : on the sixth day , or there about , the skin breaking , and the pustles drying off , the forehead and face grow rough ; and at that time the spots in other parts of the body are very large and very red : about the eight day , the spots in the face vanish , and are scarce perceived in the rest of the body ▪ but on the ninth day , they totally disappear , and as we said , the measles most commonly vanish on the eighth day ▪ at which time the vulgar , being deceived by reckoning upon the time , the small-pox used to last , affirm they are struck in , tho they have really finished their course , and they think that the symptoms , which come upon their going off , are occasioned by their being struc● in so soon ; for the fever , and difficulty of breathing are increased at that time , and the cough is more vexatious , so that the patient cannot sleep night nor day : children are chiefly subject to these ill symptoms , which appear now at the going off of the measles , by reason of two hot a regimen , ●r hot medicines , that were used to ●orce them out , and by this means ●hey are cast into a peripneumonia , which destroys more than the small-pox ; and yet the measles are not at all dangenerous , if they are skillfully managed : among the rest of the ill symptoms , ● looseness often happens , which either presently succeeds the disease , or continues many weeks after it , and all its symptoms are gone off , not without great danger to the patient ; and sometimes after a very hot regimen , the measles are first lived , and afterwards black , ●ut this only happens to grown people , and they are utterly lost , when the blackness first appears , unless they are presently relieved by bleeding and a more temperate regimen . as the measles are much of the same nature with the small-pox , so is the method of cure much the same , hot medicines , and a hot regimen are very dangerous , how frequently soever they are ●sed by ignorant nurses to drive the disease from the heart : the patient must be kept in his bed only two or three days after the eruption , that the blood may gently breath cut according to his own genius thro the pores of the skin , the inflamed particles , which offend it ; he must have no more cloaths nor fire , than he is wont to have whe● he is well . i forbid all flesh , and allo● oat-meal and early-broaths and the like and sometimes a roasted apple ▪ hi● drink must be either small-beer , or milk boyled with treble the quantity of water . i oftentimes mitigated the cough which almost continually accompanies this disease , with a draught of some pectoral decoction , or with a linct●● fitted for the purpose ; but above all the rest i took care to give diacodium every night thro the whole course of the disease . for instance , take of the pectoral decoction , one pi● and an half , of syrup of violets , and maiden-hair , each one ounce and a● half ; mingle them and make an apozem , take three or four ounces three or four times a day . take of oyl of sweet-almonds , two ounces , of syrup of violets and maiden-hair , each one ounce , 〈…〉 a sufficient quantity ; 〈…〉 them and make a 〈◊〉 us , let the sick 〈◊〉 often of it ▪ especially when his cough troubles h●m . ●ke of black-cherry-water three ounces , of diacodium one o●nce ; mingle them for a draught to be taken every night : but if the patient be an infant , the dose of the pectorals , and of the narcotick is to be lessened with respect to the age. but if by means of two hot cordials , ●d too hot a regimen , the patient be danger of his life , after the measles off , which is very frequent , by rea● of the violence of the fever , and fficulty of breathing , and other accints , that use to afflict those , that ●e a peripneumonia , i have bled the ●allest infants in the arm , and have ●en away that quantity of blood , which ●ir age and strength indicated with ve● great success , and sometimes when the ●ease has been obstinate , i have not fear● to repeat bleeding ; and truly it is not few children that have been at the ●nt of death , by reason of this symp●n , whom by god's blessing i have ●ed by bleeding , nor have i found as ● , any other certain way to vanquish this happens to them , after the ●asles go off , and is so very fatal , that may well be counted the chief minister of death , destroying even more th● the small-pox : and the loosne● which , as we said , follows the measles is also cured by bleeding ; for wherea it ows its rise to vapours of inflame● blood rushing in upon the guts , ( which is also common in a plurisie , peripneumonia , and other diseases , that are occasioned by an inflamation ) whereby they ar● stimulated to excretion ; it is bleedi● alone that gives relief , by causing a revulsion of these sharp humours , and b● reducing the blood to a due temper . nor is there any reason , why any on● should wonder , says sydenham , that bleed young children , whereas , fo● what i have hitherto observed , says he● it may be as safely performed on them as on the adult : and truly it is so necessary , that we can neither cure the symptom above mentioned , nor some other that happen to children withou● it . for instance , by what means can w● deliver those , that are breeding tee● from convulsions , which seize them i● the ninth and tenth month , with a swelling and pain of the gums , whereby th● nerves are oppressed and inraged , an● from whence also , these paroxysms arise but by bleeding , which alone is much to 〈◊〉 preferred in this case , before the most ●elebrated specificks whatever , that are ●et known , whereof some do hurt by ●heir adventitious heat , and whilst they are ●hought to cure the disease by a certain ●ccult faculty they promote it by their ●anifest heat , and kill the patient , not ●o mention at present , that wonderful ●elief which bleeding gives in the hoop●g cough , wherein it far surpasses all ●ectoral medicines whatever . chap. vi. of scabs and vlcers from milk. of all the particular diseases of the parts of the humane body , that are proper to , and familiar with children , if we begin with the head , and so proceed to all parts of the body , these scabs and ulcers are first to be considered ; they come at the time when the child sucks , and perpetually emit a sanies , or purulent matter . the scabs are white , but the ulcers are of another colour : the scabs are also all over the body as well as in the face , whereas the ulcers are chiefly in the head : but because the causes of them do not much differ , and the method of cure is the same , we will treat of them together in this chapter : they arise from excrementious humours which are serous , and accid , and they occasion itching : these humours are collected partly in the womb , and they arise partly from a fault in the mothers or nurses milk , and afterwards are cast out by nature upon the habit of the body : it is commonly held that these ulcers keep children in health , and not without reason ; for by this means nature expels the vitious humours from the inner parts of the body to the habit of it , and if they vanish , children are subject to fevers and other diseases , and hippocrates says , that if there be ulcers in the head , about the ears , in the face , or in any other part of the body , children will be free from fits . these scabs generally go off of themselves in time , but if they continue long , ● tinea is occasioned , and the hairs fall off , and it is to be feared , that these ulcers may foul the skull , if the matter be very filthy ; for it has been observed , that the skull has been so corrupted by these ulcers , that it has fallen off , and the meninges have appeared . but when there is no danger to be feared , especially when the face is not deformed , nor the eyes hurt , the ulcers ought to be left to themselves , yea we ought to endeavour that the other matter be expell d , and if the ulcers vanish , ●nd the child fall sick upon it , we must give fumitory , scabious , carduus-benedictus , harts-horn , or the like to drive the humour out again , and cooling and astringent things , which repel the matter must not be used : but the nurse in the mean while ought to observe a good diet , and to abstain from salt and acid things , and all things that generate ill juries , as ▪ onions , garlick , radish , pulse , salted meat , and the like ; and if her body be foul , the vitious humours must be purged off ; for otherwise the child will be prejudiced , and the disease increased : but if the ill humours are evacuated , these ulcers will soon go off ; wherefore these humours should be altered and prepared with medicines made of borrage , bugloss , fumitory , succory , hops , the roots of polypody , sharp pointed docks , and afterwards they must be purged off with the leaves of senna ▪ epithymum , rhubarb , black hellebore , or with diacatholicon , tryphera , per●●ca , or the like ; and afterwards you must give such things as strengthen the viscera ▪ and attemperate and expel the other humours . as , take of the conserves of borrage , bugloss , violets , fumitory , and succory , each 〈◊〉 ounce , of the candid roots of succory and of the bark of citron candied , ●cah half an ounce , of the sp●cies diarrhodon , abatis , diamargarit frigid : harts-horn prepared , each one scruple , with a sufficient quantity of syrup of gilliflowers make an electuary . or , take of harts-horn prepared two drams , of magistery of goral , one dram , of the species diamargarit , frigid , half a dram ; make a powder , whereof give the nurse daily half a dram , or a dram. ●ome of these medicines ▪ may be also given to the children , as syrup of borrage , fumitory , polypody , and hops , and the childs body may be evacuated , respect being had to its age , with glisters , with manna , or laxative raisins or the like . but if the disease continue long , and here is danger that great putrifaction ●ill arise under the scab , and so foul he skull , we must use topicks , and first he head must be washed with a deoction of mallows and barley , or ●ith a decoction the roots of sharp ●ointed doke , the leaves of a mallows , he greater celandine wormwood , the seeds of fenugreek , vetches , lupines , and beans : if you would have it abstersive , you must boyl the herbs in wine , or you may make a lotion with roots of marsh-mallows boyled in childs urine alone , or mixed with barley-water , afterwards anoint the part with the oyl of roses , and bitter-almonds mixed with a little lytharge : or , take of the ashes of myrtles , and nut-shells , each one dram , of tutty one dram and an half , of old butter washed in rose-water one ounce ; mingle them . or , take of the juice beets , of greater celendine , each one ounce , hogs-lard two ounces , sulphur , one dram , mix them . or , take of lytharge moistened with oyl of roses , one ounce , ceruss half a dram , aloes and frankencense , each one dram and an half , myrrh on dram , oyls of roses and rue , each a sufficient quantity ; mix them in a morter . the following is stronger . take of the powder of red-roses , of the roots of briony , pidgeons-dung , verdegrease , and sulphur , each two drams , oyls of junipir , and wall-flowers , each a sufficient quantity , mix them in a morter , and anoint the part with it every other day : or , take of cerass and lytharge , each two drams , balaustins , and agarick , each one dram , with oyl of roses , and a little vinegar , make an oyntment : or having rubbed the affected part with soft soap , wash it off with a proper decoction . if the skull be hurt by the ulcers , the scab must be first taken off , and mollified with mallows and violets boyled in may butter , or in lard : afterwards the ulcer must be washed and dryed with a lee made of the ashes of the vine beetch , and ash , ●a little butter being added to it ; when the skull appears you must apply honey of roses mixed with spirit of wine ; afterwards you mnst apply the powder of the roots of birthwort , and peruvian balsam , or you may ad turpentine washed in tobacco-water . chap. vii . of a tinea . if the ulcers continue long , or are ill cured , they turu to a tinea , viz. crusty and fetid ulcers of the head , corroding the skin : it is properly reckoned amongst the dieases of children , tho the adult have it too ; for tho grown people are sometimes afflicted with this disease , yet it has its beginning in their infancy , it is called tinea from the moths that spoil cloaths ; because these ulcers corrode the skin as moths do cloaths : it differs from scabs , and the ulcers treated of in the foregoing chapter , by being dry and crusty , whereas they are moist and have always an humour flowing from them , and they sometimes possess other parts of the body as well as the head , but this only the head : the cause of it is a salt and acid humour degenerating to melancholly , taking its rise from the mothers blood , wherewith the child was nourished , or from the ill milk of the nurse , or mother ▪ and by progress of time , and the long continuance of the disease , and neglignce , ( for it most commonly befalls poor peoples children ) it turns to this disease . moreover it is easily imparted to infants , when the cap of that which has it , is put upon another infant : this disease is not always the same , for sometimes it is scaly , sometimes viscous . this disease plainly appears to sight and is commonly known , for some crusty and dry ulcers are seen upon the head , sometimes they are green , sometimes yellow , and sometimes of an ash-colour , scarce any thing flows out of them , and that which does is very fetid . it is very difficult to cure ; that which is new , and of a yellow colour , and a little moist is easiest cured : but that which is old , ●uite dry , of an ash-colour or black , is very hard to cure : if it seiz a child in its infancy , it can scarce be cured till the child come to an age fit to bear the medicines the disease requires , and the severity of the cure ▪ and when it is cured , hair seldom grows upon the place , especially if the skin be hard and testatious , and does not look red when it is rubbed : but if the skin be soft , and looks red upon rubbing , there is hopes hair may ow again , tho not without difficulty . the indications are the same with o●er ulcers , namely magnitude lessen ▪ requires medicines that in●arn , the lution of the continuity requires things ●at conglutinate ; but we cannot satisfie hese indications , unless the corroding humour be taken off , and this must be done by strong cleansing medicines , that you may go to the root of the disease , and therefore the crust must be first taken off by such things as cleanse and corrode : and because the humours are dry and adust , and the skin is thereby dryed and thickned , moistning things must be also used , to loosen and open the pores of the skin . but because tender infants cannot bear these medicines , lest the disease take too deep root , you must in the mean while apply to the ulcers leaves of cabbage or beet , greased with butter or lard , to mollifie and to make a passage for the matter . take of the juice of fumatory , cabbage , sharp pointed dock , elecampane , each one ounce and an half , of litharge half an ounce , with a sufficient quantity of lard , oyl of rue , and wax , make a foft oyntment : or , take of the shells of green wallnuts burnt a sufficient quantity , a little turpentine , and with oyl of eggs make a liniment . but when the child is arrived at such an age , as to be able to bear strong medicines , and the severity of the cure , you must first sufficiently evacuate the body with senna , rubarb , agarick , or the like , and then you must take off the crust with things that cleanse strongly : as , take of sulphur two drams , of mustard half a dram , staves-acre , of the roots of briony , each one dram , of the sharpest vinegar , one ounce , of turpentine half an ounce , with a sufficient quantity of bears fat , make a liniment . or , take water-cresses , and beat them , and fry them with hogslard , and apply them in stead of a cataplasm to the head , let it continue on twenty four hours , to make the crust fall off , and if you continue the use of it , it will cure the disease . the scaby crust being taken off , you must pull out the hairs by the roots ; for the venomous matter sticks most to them , and this may be done by nippers , or by medicines that take off the hair : a pitch cap is ordinarily used for this purpose , the which they apply either to the whole head , or only to the part where the vlcers are ; they keep it on some days , and afterwards pull it off with the hairs with it . or , take of fine wheaten-flower two ounces , of rosin half an ounce , boyl them in water to the form of a pultis , spread it upon strong linnen cloath , and apply it to the s●abs , let it lie on a night and a day , then pull it off . afterwards emolliment things must be used , which may correct the dry intemperies of the skin , and open the pores , and drive away the excrements that lie deep in the skin : as , take of the roots of marsh-mallow , sharp pointed docks , and white lillies , each one ounce , of mallows fumitory , and sage , each two handfulls , boyl them in a lee , and add to it a little vinegar , and wash the head with it every day twice . afterwards . take of the roots of briony , sharp pointed dock , elecampane , each one ounce , of t e leaves of fumitory , greater celandine , and scabious , each two handfulls , of the flowers of camomile and melilot , each one handful , boy them in lee , and wash , or foment the head with it twice every day , afterwards with a course cloath , or with the oyl of staves-acre , or radish , or with the juice of onions , rub the head till it looks red , that the vitious humours that lye deep may be drawn out : or , take of live sulphur , one ounce , of white hellebore , staves-arce , each two drams , of lard a sufficient quantity ; mingle them ▪ or , take of both the hellebores , sulphur , vitriol , quick lime , allom , galls , each half a dram , of verdigrease , two ●rams , with a sufficient quantity of liquid pitch and wax , make a cerate : or , take of burnt allom , and vitriol , on ouncè and an half , of round birthwort , and verdegrease , each two drams of ship-pitch one ounce , of horse fat , one ounce and an half , of old butter half a pound , mix them . some use arsenick , aurepigmentum , quick-silver and the like : but because the asslicted part is so near the brain , some say these things ought not to be used , lest a venemous quality should be imparted to the brain , and so the patient should be destroyed ; but quick-silver is much safer than arsnick , and therefore being killed with fasting spitle , it may be mixed with the medicines above mentioned . the children so affected must forbear salt and acid meats , garlick , onions , pease , cabbage , pork , and other things that breed ill juice . chap. viii . of the lowsie disease . tho grown people , if they live nastily and wear foul cloaths , and do not change often their woolen , as well as their linnen , are subject to lice , yet this nasty disease is most familier to children , nor can gentlemens children be free from them , for they breed in their heads : they are occasioned by putrifaction : it is a troublesome and nasty disease , and occasions great itching , and is dangerous , if they possess the whole body ; for some have died of them . lice forsake people when they are a dying , and run away in troops ; they being offended with the ill vapours that arise from dying bodies . to prevent lice , children must be kept clean , and have an orderly dyet , they must abstain from meats of ill juice , especially figs : but if lice are generated , they must be removed by universal remedies , if their be occasion ; but first such external medicines must be used , as take of the matter that breed lice , and kill them when they are bred , as staves-acre , wormwood , scordium , rue , the leaves of pine , and cypress , the roots of elecampane , long birthwort , lupins , the seeds of nettles , black hellebore , coloquintida , sulpher , bulls-gall , soap ▪ sea-water , of all which lotions or liniments may be made . as , take of long birthwort and lupins , of the leaves of pine and cypress , each equal parts , boyl them for a lotion to the head. or , take of the roots of elecampane two ounces , of briony half an ounce , of beets , mercury and soapwort , each one handfull , of lupins one ounce , nitre , half an ounce , boyl them for a lotion for the head. or you may make perfumed washballs for the same pupose . take of venice soap six ounces , of the powder of cinnamon , half an ounce , of oyl of aniseeds one dram , of musk grains five ; make balls . after washing the head , anoint it with such an oyntment as follows . take of the powder of staves-aere three drams , of meal of lupins half an ounce , of white agarick three drams , of live sulphur two drams , of the gall of an ox half an ounce , with a sufficient quantity of oyl of wormwood , make a linement . or , take of staves-acre one ounce , of wormwood and rue , each half an ounce , of sulphur , and nitre , each two drams , make a powder , and with oyl of laurel make an oyntment . the stronger medicines are white hellebore , quick-silver killed with fasting spitle . some use arsnick , but this is dangerous . as , take of the seeds of staves-acre one ounce , white hellebore three drams , of quicksilver killed with fasting spitle two drams , with lard and oyl of laurel , make an oyntment . but some think that quick-si●ver ought not to be used to tender infants , because it may occasion ill symptoms , besides there are other more gentle medicines that are sufficient to cure this disease . chap. ix . of an hydrocephalus , and inflation of the head. an hydrocephalus is a watery tumor of the whole head , it sometimes seises grown persons , of which carolus piso has two observations ; but it most freequently befalls infants , their heads being so soft , as that they may be easily extended . some children have had this disease in the womb , but many have been afflicted with it after the birth . rhasis says he saw a child , whose head was so increased in length and breadth , that the body was not able to bear it . pareus says he saw four such children , and cured them . if the water be contained within the skull , it is much more difficult to cure than when without , and is most commonly deadly : the indication is to evacuat the waters , and to dry them up ▪ this may be done by medicines applied to the head , ears and nostrils . take snails in their shells number thirty , of marjoram and mugwort , each one handful , and beat them , and add to them one scruple of camphor , and half a dram of saffron with oyl of camomile make a cataplasm , and inject the following water into their nostrils . take of nutmegs , cloves , and cubebs , each one scruple , of common sweet smelling flag , and of the bark of frankincense , each half a dram , of the water of marjoram , three ounces , mingle them . or with the balsom of marjoram , cloves , and nutmegs , musk , and ambre the nostrils may be anointed ; and hot oyls may be injected into the ears . but if the water be not carried off in this manner within twenty days , incision must be attempted , and the brain must be opened , and the water extracted , but by degrees , and by turns , lest the childs strength be too much djected , and care must be taken , that the cold air does not hurt the brain . authors make mention of another tumour in the head , which they call inflation , which is generated by wind contained under the skin of the head , or membranes of the brain , and so it distends the head , and increases the bulk of it ; but wind alone without water can scarce be collected in so great a quantity in this cold part of the body , as to make an inflamation here , but if water be collected here , it is not impossible but some of it may turn to wind ; and if so rarifying and discussing medicines must be applyed to the head , as oyls of rue and camomile , the seed of rue , anise , and the like . chap. x. of a siriasis . this disease is known by a heat in the forepart of the head , and by the cavity in it , by the hollowness of the eyes , redness of the face , dryness of the body , want of appetite , and sleep ; this disease is dangerous and most commonly deadly , according to the opinion of the women , and they suppose any disease will be so , if this bone , or the membrane subside , and make a hollowness ; and indeed the children so affected generally dye in three days , and many apply the 50 th aphorism of the 7 th section of hyppocrates to this disease , quibus cerebrum sideratum est , intra tres dies interiunt , si vero hos superaverint , sani fiunt . because there is a hot intemperies with matter , it indicats refrigeration ; but the humour that flies to the part discussion : but to prevent the flowing of more matter , it is proper to purge , which may be conveniently done by a glister , or by syrup of roses solutive , or by syrup of violets . cooling things may be prepared of the juice of lettice , gourds , or melons , or a fresh gourd may be cut in slices and applyed : but you must take notice in the use of these things , that they must be applied actually cold , and when they grow hot , they must be renewed : but at the same time care must be taken , that the brain which is but just under , and only covered with skin and membranes , be not hurt by the too great use of cooling things ; therefore it is safest to anoint the part with oyl of roses , or , take of oyl of roses half an ounce , populeon oyntment , two drams , the white of one egg of the emulsion of poppy seeds made in rose water , two drams , mingle them . when the fluxion is over , and the inflamation is stopt , things that discuss made of cammomile , dill and the like must be used : as , take of camomile , one ounce and an half , of dill half an on ounce , the yelk of an egg ; mingle them . when the fluxion is over , and the inflamation is stopt , things that discuss made of cammomile , dill and the like must be used : as , take of oyl of camomile , one ounce and an half , oyl of dill half an ounce , the yelk of one egg ; mingle them . take of the tops of dill , half an handful , of the flowers of camomile , one pugil ; boyl them in water ; add oyl of camomile one ounce ; mingle them . or you may apply the waters of camomile or dill. the nurse must observe a good diet , whereby the heat of the milk may be attemperated ; therefore let her use cooling diet , as a ptisan of barley , an emulsion of the greater cold seeds , poppy , lettice , endive , she must wholly abstain from wine , and strong beer , and she must either drink water , or small-beer : the child must be kept in a cool air , and the nurse avoid all great commotions of the body and mind , especially anger . chap. xi . of frights in sleep . to come now to the symptoms of the animal faculty , in the common sense , and imagination two symptoms happen , viz. frights in sleep , and great watchings : and first as to frights in sleep , they are nothing but sleep disturbed by terrible dreams , according to hippocrates , parvis & nuper natis puerulis accidunt pavo res inter dormiendum . tho aristotle says that children do not dream before they are four years old : but experience teaches us otherwise ; for it appears plainly , by their laughing and frights in sleep . the cause of frights are impure vapours mingled with the animal spirits , that disturb them , and represent to the imagination terrible phantasms : these vapours arise from the stomach , and are caused by ill concoction , and therefore this disease chiefly happens to such children , as suck greedily , and more than the stomach can concoct , upon which account the milk corrupts , and raises vapours to the brain , that disturb the animal spirits , and it is not absurd to think that these vapours are sent to the head by the veins as well as by the oesophagus : for as in the night-mare , that is generated by a too great quantity of food , affording blood filled with gross wind , thick vapours ascend thro the vessels to the brain , and occasion this disorder ; so if infants fill their stomach with too much food , blood also full of gross vapours may be generated , which being elevated to the brain occasion this disease . these frights also happen in fevers , and in the small-pox , and measles , and they also sometimes come from worms . this disease is easily known by the standers by ; for the children groan and shake in their sleep , and cry out of a sudden , and a hot and fetid vapour exhals from their mouth most commonly . this disorder must not be contemned , for it is often the forerunner of sits , wherefore you must endeavour to remedy it in time , by removing the vitious humours from the stomach , that corrupt the meat : in order to which , the nurse ought to be healthy , and to eat moderately of meats of good juice , and to abstain from all , that yeild an ill nourishment , that the milk which the infant sucks may be good : the infant also ought to suck sparingly , that the stomach be not burthened , nor must the infant after sucking or feeding be presently laid asleep , but must be kept up a while , that the meat may descend to the bottom of the stomach , and be the easier concocted , and that the corrupt meat may be removed from the stomach , or vomited up : oyl of sweet-almonds may be given to the child , or you may give a spoonful or two of honey of roses solutive , to carry off the vitious humours by stool . the cause of the disease being taken off , the stomach must be strengthened , which may conveniently be done with magistery of coral , and consection of hiacinth given in milk , and you may anoint the stomach with the oyls of wormwood , mint , mastick , or nutmegs : and before sleep it is good to give the child a lozenge of diamosch dissolved in milk : if this symptom proceed from a fever , you must take care of that , if from worms proper remedies must be used . some in this case use amulets , as coral , or the tooth of a wolf hung about the neck . chap. xii . of watchings . all the while the child is in the womb , it is almost perpetually asleep , and for some times after it is born , if it be well , it is always almost asleep , for the brain is yet very moist , and abounds with a great deal of humedity , therefore when it watches much , and cannot be brought to rest , either by rocking , singing , or giving the breast , nor by any other way , it is to be reckoned of a sickly constitution . this disease is very dangerous , and especially to children , because it is so contrary to the nature of them , and occasions , convulsions , fevers , and catarrhs , and other diseases . if those acid vapours that disturb sleep , and occasion watchings proceed from the corruption and fault of the milk , care must be taken for a remedy . if a fever , or some pain be the cause , it must be removed and the child must be cleansed , but medicines that provoke sleep are not so safely used in children , as in grown-persons . some nurses indeed are wont to give infants at bed time sy●up of poppies , or the like , but this is very injurious to them ; but if there be occasion , the nurse ought rather to take things that cause sleep moderately , as sweet almonds , lettice , the seeds of white poppie ▪ and the like . as to externals , the feet may be washed with a decoction of the tops of dill , of the flowers of camomile , and the heads of poppies , and it is very good to anoint the soles of the feet with the marrow of stag's bones , but strong narcoticks must not be applyed to the head ; for the moist and weak brains of infants will be thereby offended . it is safest to use fresh oyl of dill for anointing the temples , or you may anoint them with the oyl of roses mixed with a little oyl of nutmegs , or you may apply a cataplasm made of the seeds of white poppies , a little saffron , and womans milk , and the ●ostrils may be anointed with a little ●yl of violets ; if the brain be dry , a ●ag dipt in violet , or lettice water , and pressed out , may be applyed to the head . chap. xiii . of childrens convulsions . childrens convulsions are so frequent that they are almost the only species of convulsions ; they are chiefly subject to them in the first● months , and at the time they breed their teeth , but they also happen at other times , and proceed from other causes , in such as are disposed to them . sometimes they do not come presently after the birth , but lie hid until the breeding of teeth , or not till a great while after , and take their rise from other evident causes , as from an unhealthy , or big bellied nurse , from milk coagulated , or corrupted in the stomach , from a feverish disposition , from ulcers or scabs in the head , or other parts , suddenly disappearing , from changes of the air , or from the conjunction , or opposite aspects of the sun and moon . we must endeavour to prevent these convulsions in children and infants , o● to cure them , when they are come ; for if the former children of the same parents have been subject to convulsive fits , this disease ought to be prevented by the early use of remedies , in such as are born after . to this end it is customary to give to new-born babes , as soon as they begin to breath , some medicine proper for convulsions , as some drops of pure honey , a spoonful of canary wine , sweetned with sugar , oyl of swee● almonds fresh drawn , a drop of oyl of ambre , or half a spoonful of epileptick water ; besides these things used at first , which certainly do good , some other remedies ought to be administred . for instance , give a spoonful twice a day of the following liquor . take of the waters of black cherries and rue , each one ounce and an half , of langiuses , epileptick water , one ounce , of syrup of coral , six drams , of prepared pearl fifteen grains ; mingle them in the vi●l . the third or fourth day after the birth , make an issue in the neck , and if the countenance be florid , evacuate by bleeding an ounce and an half , or two ounces of blood from the ingular vein : but take care that too much blood do not flow out in sleep . rub gently the temples with the following linement . take of oyl of nutmegs by expression , two drams , of balsam of copiaba , three drams , of ambar one scruple ; mix them . hang round the neck the roots , and seeds of male peony , and elks-hoof sewed up in a rag . moreover medicines proper for convulsions must be given daily to the nurse . let her take morning and evening a draught of whey , wherein the roots of male peony , or the seeds of sweet fennel have been boyled . take of the conserves of the flowers of bettony , male peony , and rosemary flowers each two ounces ; of the roots and flowers of male peony , each two drams ; of red coral prepared , and white ambar , each one dram ; of the the roots of angelica , and zedoary prepared , each half a dram , with a suffient quantity of syrup of peony . make an electuary ; let the nurse take the quantity of a nutmeg of it morning and evening , and be very orderly in her diet . but if the infant be actually seized with convulsions , you must apply a blister to the neck , or behind the ears , and if the infant be of a hot constitution , leaches must be applyed to the jugular veins , and linements must be used to the temples , nostrils and neck , and to the soles of the feet , and glisters , which empty the belly plentifully , must be injected , and every sixth or eighth hour , specifick remedies must be given . take of oyl of copaiba , and castor , each two drams , of oyl of ambar , half a dram ; make a liniment . apply to the soles of the feet the p●●ist●r with euphorbium spread on leather . take of prepared pearle , of the powder de guttita , each one dram , mingle them for twelve papers , whereof let the child take one morning and evening in a spoonfull of the following julep , drinking after it one or two spoonfulls . take of the waters of black cherries , and of lilly of the vallies , each two ounces ; of fennel water and compound peony water , each two drams ; of syrup of red poppies six drams . take of the powder of the seeds of rue , of castor , and asasetida each a sufficient quantity , mingle them , and tye it up in a rag sprinkled with vinegar , and put it often to the nostrils . vnzerus commends much the gall of a sucking kitling , all the juice being taken out out of the bladder , and mixed with a little water of lime-flowers and given to the child ; and an excellent physician says , that he knew several children cured with this remedy . when by reason of breeding teeth difficultly convulsions happen , this symptom is secondary , and less dangerous , and therefore does not require the first and chief work of healing ; in this case we are more solicitous to ease the pain , and to take off the fever ; and therefore we order a thin cooling diet , and the eruption of the teeth is to be endeavoured , either by rubbing , or cutting the gums , and things that are annodyne are to be applyed to the swelld and pained parts , and blisters and bleeding are to be used ▪ often , and we ought to procure sleep , and to qualifie the fury of the blood : but in the mean time temperate medicines for convulsions , and such as do the least stir the humours are to be used , and blisters often do also give relief . but children are sometimes seized with convulsions , from other occasions and accidents ; the cause most commonly of such , is either in the head or in the bowells ; when the former is suspected , as is wont to be known by the signs , which shew watery humours heapt up in the brain , the medicines above-mentioned must be used . moreover for those who bear purging well , a vomit , or gentle purge must be prescribed , wine and oxymel of squills , also mercurius dulcis rhubarb , and rosin of jalap are of good use . when the cause of the convulsions seems to be lodged in the bowels , or where worms or sharp humours in the belly are the cause ; for worms , a purge of rhubarb or of mercurius dulcis with the rosin of jalap , must be given , and the following medicines are also of use . take of the roots of virginia snake-weed powdered , one dram ; of coral calcined till it is white , half a dram ; make a powder . the dose is half a scruple , or a scruple twice a day for three days following , drinking upon it the d●●oction of the roots of grass . take of hiera piera , and of venice treacle , eachone dram ; make a plaister for the 〈◊〉 if the convulsions are thought to proceed from sharp humours , disturbing the bowels and stomach , purging upward or downward is to be ordered by turns ; to this end a gentle vomit of wine of squills , or falt of vitriol is to be given , if the child is inclined to vomiting of its own accord . take of syrup of peony three ounces ; salt of vitriol two scruples , of compound lavender-water one dram . mingle them , give a spoonfull three or four times in an hour , till the child has once vomited , or went to stool once . but if evacation downward seem most proper , give the infusion of rhubarb , or the powder of it , or syrup of succory with rhubarb , or syrup of roses with agarick ; and with these remedies , seasonably used , convulsion fits have been often cured in children ; and moreover glisters are to be used frequently , and external medicines , namely fomentations linements , or emplasters must be applyed to the belly . take of the leaves of camomile cut small , two handfulls , put them into two bags made of fine cloath , or of silk , which being dipt in hot milk , and pressed out , are to be applyed successively to the belly . chap. xiv . of squinting . squinting belongs to animal actions hurt , wherewith new born babes are seized . this disease is either natural , by reason of an ill conformation of the eye , or is co tracted by custom , the infant turning its eye often in the cradle to a candle , or the light ill placed , or it is occasioned by a disease , when after , frequent sits , the muscles of the eyes are distorted . if it be from the very birth , it is hardly cured , or when it proceeds from sits ; but if it arise from an ill custom , it may be cured , if it be taken in time ; but when it is let alone a long while , it is in a manner incurable . it is cured by placing a candle opposite to the part , whereunto the eye is preternaturally inclined , or fine pictures or the like may be offered to the sight in the same manner , and by constant and daily use , the eye may be reduced to a right position , or a mask may be so made that the sight may be directed right . chap. xv. of the pain , inflamation , moisture , vlcers and worms of the ears . amongst childrens diseases , hippocrates reckons the moisture of the ears ; for the brain of children being very moist , part of the humidity is sometimes evacuated by the ears : and this is seldom done without an inflamation ; for most commonly , if superfluous humours flow plentifully to the ears , an inflamation is occasioned , and pain arises from thence , and when it is not discussed by reason of the moisture of childrens bodies , but turned to matter , afterwards blood , matter and senies flow , out , and sometimes worms are bred in the ear . these d●seases are not to be neglected , for the pain which is most commonly joined with them , may kill a grown person in seven days , sayes hippocrates , and much easier a child , or may occasion fits , or great watchings ; besides because childrens ears are very moist , worms are are apt to be generated in them , and sometimes by a continual flux of humours , and by foul ulcers , the bones of the ear are at length corrupted , and if the ulcer is not cured in time an incurable deafness arises , and therefore the cure must be begun early . and first , if the pain be very violent , care must be taken to quiet it ; but childrens bodies cannot bear strong medicines , it is sufficient for them , that their ears be fomented with warm milk , with oyl of roses , or violets , or with a decoction of poppy heads , or you may put into the ear the white of an egg with a little saffron . and to cleanse the care from moisture it is good to use honey of roses , or water of honey which must be put into the ear with a tent ; and if these things are not sufficient , allom diluted with wine must be put into the ear with a little soft wool it ; is also good to put into the ear with soft wool the roots of orris , myrrh , and saffron , nitre , allom , and saffron mixed with wine and honey . or , take of virgin-honey half an ounce , of red wine two ounces , of allom , saffron and nitre , each one scruple . or the fresh oyl of hempseeds mixed with a little wine , may be dropt into the ear . chap. xvi . of aphthae , bladders of the gums , and and an instamation of the almonds . ulcers arise often in the mouths of children , which are called aphthae ; they are occasioned by ill milk , or by corruption of the stomach ; for the internal parts of the mouths of children being very soft and tender , and unaccustomed to meat in the womb , if the milk be sharp or any otherwise faulty , their mouths are soon ulcerated , or if acid vapours arise from corrupted milk in the stomach , their mouths may be easily ulcerated this way ; for the tunick of the jaws is common to the osophagus , and so the faults of the stomach are easily communicated to the jaws . the bladders of the gums are much the same with the aphthae , and are also occasioned by corrupted milk , and the cure is the same . take of lentils excorticated , what quantity you please , powder thém , and chew them , and apply them to the gums . or , take of the flower of millium , half an ounce , of rose water , and omphacine oyl , each a sufficient quantity ; make a linement . hippocrates reckons an inflamation of the almonds amongst childrens distempers , they are most subject to it from the eleventh year of their age to the thirteenth . as to the cure , you must endeavour to keep the belly open , if there be occasion , you must give a glister , and in the beginning repellents must be used , afterwards resolvents must be used with them at length resolvents only in a manner . the part affected must be anointed with honey of roses , syrup of dry'd roses , syrups of myrtills , pomgranats , or diamoron , according as the state of the disease requires ; and the neck must be anointed with the oyls of almonds , camomile , or st. johns wort . in some cases it is necessary to apply a blister to the poll . chap. xvii . of breeding teeth . amongst all the diseases and symptoms which are wont to happen to children , breeding of the teeth is the most proper ; for tho' many other diseases are familiar to children , yet there are very few , that are unavoidable , excepting the breeding of the teeth . altho' the breeding of teeth be natures work , yet by reason of the diseases and various symptoms , which easily accompany it , it is reckoned amongst childrens diseases . as soon as children are born , they have teeth , but they lie in the gums : yet some children have been born with teeth , appearing as pliny relates in his natural history of marcus curius , who was therefore called dentatus . but the teeth most commonly do not come forth till the seventh month ; first those that are called incisores , afterwards the dog teeth , and at length the grinders . there are many preternatural disorders , that arise from the solution of continuity . frst a great itching is perceived in the gu ns , afterwards pricking as it were of needles , and this occasions great pain ▪ wachings , inflamations of the gums , fevers , loosness , convulsions , and these commonly happen upon the coming forth of the dog teeth , commonly called the eye teeth , and therefore it is commonly said , that parents should not reckon much upon their childrens lives , till the eye teeth are come forth . the first teeth fall away about the seventh year , and new ones come in their room , without pain , because the gums were perforated before . tho' children cannot tell the pain they suffer in breeding teeth , yet it may be known , first by the time they use to come out in , which is about the seventh month ; and then because children frequently put their fingers in their months to asswage the pain ; thirdly , because the mother or the nurses perceive they squeeze the nipple harder than they used to do ; fourthly , the gums are white in the place where the teeth endeavour to come out , and sometimes at length various ill symptoms arise , as pains , watchings , loosness , fevers , and convulsions . as to the progn●sticks , breeding of teeth is often very dangerous , and many children dye of the diseases and symptoms that are occasioned thereby . those children that have a loosness in breeding of teeth , are least subject to convulsions , and when an acute fever happens , it most commonly prevents convulsions , because the matter occasioning convulsions is carried off by the fever . children breed their teeth best in winter . as to the cure , we must endeavour to ●oo●en and mollifie the gums , that the teeth may come out the easier , and we ought to use cooling t●ings to ease the pain and inflamation : but they must be mixed with emollients ; therefore rub the gums with the finger dipt in honey , or with honey mixt with butter ; or let the child bite a candle made of virgin wax , or anoint the gums with a mucilage of quince-seed made in mallow water , or rub the gums with the brains of a hare . foment the jaws without with a decoction of marsh mallow flowers of camomile , and dill , or with the mucilage of the seeds of quinces , and marsh mallows mixed with the yolk of an egg , if the gums are inflamed , the juice of night-shade or of lettice must be added to the former things . the nurse must observe a good diet , rather cooling than hot , she must use oatmeal and barley broaths , porched eggs , prunes , indive , lettice , and the like ; she must abstain from salt and acid meats , and from wine . chap. xviii . of loosening the string of the tongue , and of the ranula under the tongue . it happens often in infants , that the tongue is bound so strait by the string , that it cannot well or freely move and sometimes in the place where the bridle of the tongue is , a soft and white swelling appears , which they call ranula . the binding of the tongue is most conveniently removed by surgery ; for tho' midwifes often break the string as soon as the child is born , or cut it with a groat , yet they often err in the operation , and do it many times when there is no occasion , therefore it is much safer to use a skillful surgeon ; afterwards apply the following linement . take of barley meal half an ounce , mingle it with a sufficient quantity of clarified honey , and over a gentle fire let all the humidity exhale , that it may be reduced to a powder , and with honey of roses make a linement . as to the ranula under the tongue ; there are large and conspicuous veins under the tongue , which are sometimes filled with ill blood ; therefore if a flegm●tick humour be gathered here , and sweats out thence , and sticks there within the passage of the flesh , a tumour is occasioned by it and the blood like a fungus generated upon a tree ; and if it continue long and increase , it hinders the speech ; and therefore ought to be timely remedied ; wherefore the tumour is to be removed by the application of salt and frankincense mixed , or with powder of sage mixed with honey of roses and a drop or two of spirit of vitriol . or , take of cuttle bone , sal gemma and pepper , each one dram ; of burnt spunge three drams ; make a powder , wherewith rub the tumour or with the foregoing powder and honey make a linement , and anoint the tumour with it , and apply under the chin a plaister made with equal parts of goose-dung and honey boyled in wine to the consumption of the wine . chap. xix . of a catarrh , cough , and difficulty of breaking . catarrhs arise in children from their natural constitution , and moist temper of their brains , whereby many excrements are heapt up there ; for too great a quantity of milk burdening the stomach sends vapours to the head and sill the brain , and children being unaccustomed in the womb too cold , the extream coldness of the air , or too much heat , or much cloaths upon their heads , pour the matter upon the nostrils jaws , or lungs , and if the excrementitious humours cannot be evacuated by the nostrils they fall upon the aspera arteria , and cause a cough ; but if they fall upon the bronchia of the lungs , they cause difficulty of breathing . these symptoms are easily discovered , but whether the humour be cold or hot , may be known in the following manner : if the humour be hot , the catarrh is thin , the children often sneeze , the face is florid , and the jaws look red , and a hot vapour exhales from their mouths , and the nurses perceive it when the children suck . if the humour be cold ▪ it is thick , and the children do not sneeze , nor is there any redness in the face or jaws nor heat in their mouth . but whether the difficulty of breathing arise from matter coming from the head or from phlcgmatick blood , may be known as follows : if it come from the head , there is a catarrh , and also a cough , and in breathing a noise is perceived , the air not passing freely through the obstructed bronchia : but if it be occasioned by a phlegmatick humour arising from the hypochonders , there is no catarrh nor cough , and the hypochonders appear inflated and tumid . catarrhs , coughs , and difficulty of breathing are not to be neglected in children ; for coughs do not only occasion watchings , and frequent vomitings but also ruptures ; and catarrhs occasion suffocations , and sometimes kill . they are not easily cured , because children cannot bear all sorts of remedies , and besides they do not know how to spit up the matter . we must principally endeavour , that the intempers which occasions the matter be rectified , and the fluxion of the humour to the breast hindered . but because children cannot take or bear many medicines , and nature it , self without the help of medicines , does most commonly concoct the cause of the catarrh , and so stop it , if a good diet be observed ; therefore great care must be taken that neither the child or nurse commit any errour in diet ; wherefore the infants stomach must not be filled with milk , or any other meat , and the nurse must abstain from acid salt , and acid things and all other things which send many vapours to the head , and it is useful to give a pectoral decoction to the nurse . take of figs and jujubs , each number ten , sebestins number thirty , raisins stoned , ten drams , liquorish two drams , maiden hair , hyssop and violets , each half an ounce ; boyl them in three pints of fountain water to the comsumption of a third part . care must be taken to keep the belly loose with honey , syrup of roses , solutive , cassia , manna , or with glisters ▪ it is al● convenient to give a spoonful of oyl of sweet almonds fresh drawn , and mixed with sugar candy ; for it loosens the belly , and eases the cough : or vomiting may be provoked by putting a finger in the childs mouth : but you must take a special care to keep the belly loose if difficulty of breathing arise from an repletion of the stomach , or hypochondres , then it is also proper to give flax-seed with honey , and a little cummin-seed ; afterwards give the juice of fennel with milk or syrup of jujubes and maiden-hair , and if the matter be thick , syrup of hyssop , or an emulsion of sweet almonds and pine nuts made in scabious water : or some other convenient water , and sweetened with sugar candy ; or a linctus may be made of the species diaireos , or diatragacanth : frigid , penidiat sugar , and with syrup of jujubes , or with honey , oyl of sweet almonds , and the juice of liquorish and fennel . but if the catarrh be hot , an emulsion of the four greater cold seeds may be prepared in mallow-water , and the species of diatragacanth frigid , may be added to it ; and to dry up the matter of the catarrh , hot linnen stups sprinkled with red roses and frankincense may be applied outwardly , and the childrens feet may be washed with beer , wherein cephalick herbs have been boiled ; afterwards anoint the soles of the feet with deers-suet , or the o●l of laurel . and because the catarrh sometimes falls upon the jaws and aspera arteria , because the nostrils are stopt , anoint them with butter , or with the oil of bitter , or sweet almonds often in a day . or , take of the juice of beets and majoram , , each two drams , of chickweed half an ounce , of oyl of sweet almonds one ounce , mingle them , and anoint the nostrils therewith . or , put up the nostrils butter to the bigness of a pea ; or you may apply marjoram to the nostrils , that sneezing may be provoked , to evacuate through the nostrils the matter which flows upon the aspera arteria . to conclude , some anoint the breast with butter , hens-fat , or oyl of camomile , and oyl of almonds , to render respiration more easie . chap. xx. of the hickops . the hickops happen to children , by reason of the coruption of meat in the stomach , or by the repletion of the stomach with milk , or because of the refrigeration of the stomach by external air , whereby the expulsive faculty of the stomach is so much offended , and irritated to expel that which troubles it . the hickops , for the most part , are not dangerous in children ; but if the câuse of it be so great , as to be communicated to the rest of the nerves , and to occasion other convulsions , it is most commonly deâdly . if the hickops be occasioned by a corruption of the meat , it ought to be cast up by vomitting , to which end , put your finger in the childs mouth , or a feather dipt in oyl : afterwards strengthen the stomach with things that heat , and lessen the childs diet . if the hickops are occasioned by a corruption , and fault of the milk , it must be amended with proper remedies , and the corrupted milk must be carried off from the childs stomach , with syrup , or honey of roses solutive ; and afterwards conserve of red roses , with powder of coral , and bole-armonick must be given ▪ if the hickops âre occasioned by refrigeration , the stomach must be heated by external and internal medicines , give the infant syrup ôf mint , or of bettony ; foment the stomâch with a decoction of the leaves of mint and wormwood , and with the roots of cyperus , and afterwards anoint with oyl of mint , mastich , or dill ; or apply a cataplasm made of mint and the seeds of dill beaten up with oyl of mastich , or mastich and frankincense mixed wi●● the white of an egg , may be applied to the orifice of the stomach . or , take of mastich one ounc● , of frankincense , and the seeds of dill , each two drams , of cummin-seed one dram ; powder them ; and mix them with the juice of mint ; apply a lenient stup dipt in it to the stomach . chap. xxi . of vomiting . this is occasioned in infants most commonly by sucking too greedily , or by reason of worms : it may also proceed from flegm in the stomach , and sometimes from a weakness of it . if vomiting proceed from too great a quantity of milk , the nurse may soon know it , and the child is at ease presently after vomiting : if it be occasioned from the corruption of the milk , it may be known by what is brought up and it is either yellow , green , or some other vitious colour , and it smells ill . worms may be known by their proper signs . vomiting in children , is most commonly not dangerous , and women commonly say , that those children are longest lived , who vomit sometimes from the very birth ; and this opinion is not irrational ; far infants having collected some vitious humours in the womb , that lie in their stomachs , which is moreover laxed , humid , and weak , they easily generate crudities , by sucking too much , and so the milk is corrupted ; therefore if the vitious humours collected in the stomach , are ejected by vomiting , it is much better , and more for their health , than if these humours were retained , and distributed to the innermost parts of the body . if vomiting proceed from a great quantity of milk , there is little danger ; for most commonly the children are better âfter it : but if it proceed from corruption of the milk , it is ill ; for many other symptoms are apt to accompany it . if it ▪ continue long , it is dangerous ; for it causes a consumption , and often kills . if that which is rejected be white and s●egmatick , it is better than that which is of a safron , green , or blackish colour . if the vomiting proceed from a great quantity of milk , the child must not suck often , nor never fill the stomach . if the vomiting proceed from a corruption of the milk , it must be rectified by proper remedies , and that which is corupted , must be carried off with syrup , or honey of roses solutive ; and to strengthen the childs stomach , you must give syrup of mint , or syrup of quinces . or , take of the wood of aloes , mastich , coral , each half a dram ; of galingal , half a scruple ; mix them with the syrup of quinces , or the powder of them may be taken in the nurse or mother's milk. if the humour be acid and hot , give syrup of pomegranates or syrup of coral : apply to the stomach the stomach cerate , or a toast dipt in malago wine . or , take of the oyls of mastich , quinces , mint , wormwood , each half an ounce ; of oyl of nutmegs by expression , half a dram ; of powder of cloves , one scruple . or , take of red-roses , half an handful ; of mint one pugil ; of the roots ef cyperus , and of myrtle-berries , e●ch two drams ; boyl them in red-wine , dip a spung in the wine , and apply it to the stomach . or , take a white-bread-toast , moistened with vinegar , three yolks of eggs boiled till they are hard ; and of mastich , frankincense and gum-arabick , each a sufficient quantity , with the juice of mint , make a plaister . or , take of mastich , frankincense , red roses , each two drams ; cloves one scruple , with the juice or water of mint , make a cataplasm . if the milk be hot , anoint the stomach with the oils of roses , myrtles , quinces ; as , take of the oyls of roses and myrtles , each one ounce ; sperma ceti two drams ; of the powders of coral , and of all the sanders , each half a dram ; mingle them . or , take of mastich , red-roses , each two drams ; balaustins one dram ; of a toast muistened with rose-vinegar , one ounce and an half ; with a sufficient quantity of oyl of roses , make a cataplasm . coral is counted a specifick in this case , and therefore is hung about childrens necks to prevent vomiting . chap. xxii . of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . gripes frequently happen to 〈◊〉 either with a loosness , or without it : they most commonly proceed from the milk , wind , and acid humours being generated by it ; for if too great a quantity of milk burthens the stomach , crudities and wind are occasioned , and sometimes the nurses eating windy things is the cause , or cold air that offends the child's belly ; and if the milk be corrupted in the stomach , when it descends to the guts , it gnaws , and vellicats them , and so causes pain . worms in the bowels oftimes causes pain . the gripes in children are known by their restlessness , and continual crying , and refusing to suck , and by throwing themselves hither and thither . i● the pain be occasioned by wind , it sometimes remits , and sometimes increases ▪ the belly i● inflated , the child belches ▪ and breaks wind backwards ; if it proceed from an humour , the pain is almost continual ; and if the humour be flegmatick and viscid , the belly is most commonly bound , and the excrements are slimy . if the pain proceed from corrupted milk , or from bilious and cholerick humours , there is most commonly a loosness joined with it , and the excrement is of a saffron , or green colour . if the pain proceed from worms , there are signs of worms . the gripes , if they continue long , weaken children , and occasion convulsions , but the worst gripes proceed from corrupted milk , and acid humours , and those which proceed from worms , are also dangerous . if the gripes take their rise from wind and crude humours , and the belly is bound , it is convenient to inject a glister . take of pellitory of the wall , and of the flowers of camomile , each half a handful , boil them in the broth of flesh ; take of the strained liquor three or four ounces ; of honey of roses strained an ounce , half the yolk of an egg , make a glister . this glister may be given to a child of a month , or two months old , or you may give the child oyl of sweet-almonds fresh drawn , an hour before it eats , for it loosens the belly , and eases the pain . heurnius says , that he has found that a scruple of the seed of anise grosly beaten , being given to children new-born , mixed in a spoonful of pap , has freed them from green choler , and filthy flegm , and that it eases the gripes . we must apply outwardly such things as gently heat , attenuate , dissipate and loosen ▪ and are also anodyne ; to which end you must anoint the belly well with oyl of dill , or pellitory bruised and mixed with oyl of camomile ; or you may make a fomentation of the flowers of camomile . or , take of the flowers of camomile , and of the tops of dill , each one handful ; of the seeds of flax and fen●greek , each half an ounce , boil them in wine , and foment the belly with it twice a day . but if the gripes proceed from corrupted milk , and acid humours , things that cleanse must be used ; give therefore syrup of roses solutive , or honey of roses solutive , or syrup of succory with rhubark , or a glister may be injected made of a decoction of bran and pellitory , and syrup of roses solutive . or , take of barley-water three or four ounces ; of oyl of dill one ounce , or one ounce and half , the yolk of one egg , make a glister . outwardly apply oyl of roses mixed with the oyls of dill and camomile ▪ chap. xxiii . of the inflation of the belly , and hypochondres . it often happens , that the hypochondres and belly of children under the short ribs swell , and are as it were inflated . these swellings arise from sucking , or eating more than they can well concoct ; upon which account crude humours and wind are heapt up in the stomach and neighbouring parts , and so occasion this inflation of the hypocondres . the disease is known by the inflation and hardness of the stomach , and the hypochondres , and the children are afflicted with a narrowness and contraction of the mouth of the stomach , and they breath difficulty . this disease is easily cured , if a good diet be observed ; wherefore the children must feed sparingly , that the crudi●ies may be concocted ; nor should they suck or eat , till that which was eaten before is concocted and it is good ; to purge off the crude humours with honey of roses solutive , and the powder of the roots of paeony , orris , and the seeds may be given , or a linctus may be made of the powders with honey , or the oyl of sweet-almonds and sugar , and the hypochondres may be fomented with a decoction of the flowers of camomile , and the seeds of cummin ; or they may be anointed with the oyls of camomile , rue , or lawrel . chap. xxiv . of a loosness . a loosness is very common to children , and it most commonly happens about the time they are breeding their teeth but sometimes also when they are not breeding their teeth , when either their stomach or bowels are cooled by the external air , and so a due concoction is hindred ; or it may happen though the stomach be very well , when it is over-burthened with too large a quantity of meat or drink , which breeds crudities , and corrupts the meat , and meat that is crude , unconcocted and corrupted , if it be not rejected by vomit , causes a loosness . a loosness may also happen by a fault in the milk or meat , from whence ill chyle is generated in the stomach , which provokes nature to frequent evacuations ; the humidity and loosness of the bowels may be also a cause . a loosness appears of it self , but whether it be occasioned by breeding of teeth , or from some other cause , may be known by the signs of breeding teeth . if it proceed from an intemperies of the stomach and bowels , some external causes went before , which might occasion a cold or moist intemperies in the stomach or bowels . if this flux proceed from an humour falling from the head , it may be known by a catarrh being present , and what the matter is , which is evacuated , may be easily known ; for if the humours are crude , the meat is evacuated unconcocted , the child is troubled with belching , and the excrements are slegmatick and white ; but if the humours are hot , and the meat is corrupted , those things which are evacuated , are yellow or green , and stink , and the child is much griped . what celfus says in general of fluxes in the belly , is also true as to children , viz. that a loosness for a day or more is often good for the health if no fever accompany it , and if it go off within seven days ; and therefore a loosness in children , if they bear it well , must not be presently stopt ; for corrupted humours in the stomach are often commodiously evacuated thereby , whereas if they were retained , many grievous symptoms would arise ; and therefore hippocrates says in his book of breeding teeth , that those children that have a loosness in breeding teeth , are least subject to convulsions . but if children do not well bear their loosness , and it takes away their stomach , and makes them weak , it must be stopt ; and a loosness is dangerous in children , if it come upon an acute fever , and if that which is evacuated be black . in the cure , we must first consider , whether the child sucks or not , and next , whether it be breeding the teeth , or not ; for if the child yet suck , the cure must not be directed to the child , but to the mother , or nurse ; and we must consider whether the milk be good , or not ; for if the milk be bad , it must be amended , or if that cannot presently be done , the nurse must be changed . the nurse must use an astringent diet , and must abstain from fruits , and crude meats , and such as are of difficult concoction . but if the infant does not suck , the cure must be directed to it : but whether it suck or not , the vitious humours that are evacuated , must not be unseasonably stopt , especially when children are breeding their teeth ; for that which would otherwise occasion a fever , and other mischief , is thereby evacuated ; and therefore the business must be left to nature , especially if the flux be not large , and if the child bear it well : but if it does not bear it well , the cause on which it depends must be removed , and the humours must be carried off by such medicines as afterwards bind , as by syrup or honey of roses solutive , or with conserve of roses made with manna . or , take of the decoction of the seeds of millium , and all the myrobalans , each two or three ounces ; of the simple syrup of roses , one or two ounces , make a glister , when the humours are cleansed away , if the cause be hot , give the syrups of dry'd roses , of quinces , myrtles , or coral , or the powders of pearl , coral , mastichs , harts-horn , and red roses , or the powder of myrtles with a little dragons blood. or , take of nutmeg , and mastich , each one scruple , give them mixed with syrup of quinces . let the belly be anointed with the oyls of myrtle , roses , and mastich . as , take of oyls of myrtle one ounce , of oyls of mastich and roses , each half an ounce , wax a little and mingle them . or foment the belly with a decoction of red roses , mullein , and plantain made in red wine or , take of red roses and mullein , each one handful ; of the roots of cyperus , two drams ; of mastich , half an ounce : make a linnen bag , put these ingredients into it , and boil it in red astringent wine , and apply the bag to the belly . or , take of quinces boiled in red wine , and pulped through a sive , four ounces ; of a toast sprinkled with vinegar , one ounce and an half , with a sufficient quantity of oyl of mastich , make a cataplasm . or , take of the roots of comfrey , one ounce ; of the leaves of platain and mullein , each three handfuls ; of red roses , one handful ; of balaustines , half an ounce , boil them in water for a bath . but if the loosness proceeds from a cold cause , and the excrements are white give syrup of mastich , or syrup of quinces , mixed with mint water ; and outwardly apply medicines made of mint , wormwood , mastich , or cummin . as , take of the oyls of nard , mastich , mint , each half an onnce ; of the powder of coral , half a dram ; of oyl of nutmeg by expression , two scruples , with a sufficient quantity of wax , make an oyntment . or you may apply to the belly , mint boiled in wine , or a crust of bread moistened with mint-water , or a bag of mint , wormwood , and red roses , mastich , nutmeg , and cloves . chap. xxv . of costiveness in children . it often happens that children are bound in their bodies , or go to stool seldomer than they ought , which happens by reason of a cold and dry intemperies of the bowels , or because the humours are viscid and flegmatick ; but this chiefly happens by a fault in the milk , when the mother and nurses use a gross , viscid , and astringent diet , and drink too sparingly . a hot intemperies of the liver , spleen , or reins , may also occasion costiveness , or an obstruction of the gall , which should stimulate the guts to excretion . this disease is manifest of it self , but what is the cause of costiveness , or of going to stool seldom , must be carefully considered . if a natural dryness of the guts is the cause , the belly is scarce ever orderly dischârged , if gross and viscid flegm is the cause , the excrements when they are evacuated , are covered with it ; if any error in diet of the nurse or mother be the cause , it may be known by them . if a hot and dry intemperies of some neighbouring part be the cause , it will be manifested by the signs of them ; if choler , which irritates the guts to excretion , does not flow to them , the excrecrements will not be tinctured , but be white , or of an ash-colour , and the colour of the childs body will be yellow . those grown people , whose bellies are bound , are sometimes very healthy , nature being accustomed to evacuate the liquid parts of the excrements , or to discuss them insensibly : but it seldom happens that children , whose bellies are bound , are very healthy ; and it is best for young people to have their bellies open ; for when they are bound , vapours from the excrements are cast upon the whole body , and gripes , pains of the head , and other ill symptoms are occasioned . the cure of costiveness in children is to be performed two ways ; first by removing the cause , and then by loosning the belly . first we must endeavour that the cause of costiveness be removed , and if the temper of the bowels be cold and dry , children must be frequently washed , and when the intemperies is cold , you must use a bath of hot stomach-herbs ; when it is dry , you must use things that moisten , as mallows , marsh-mallows , pellitory of the wall , and bears-breech . if the mother or nurse have used meats , which bind the belly , as quinces , medlars , pears , beans , or the like , they must for the future , abstain from all such things , and instead of them , they must use such things as molli●ie the belly , as mallows , raisins , pruns , and the like . if the infant be pretty big , and eats as well as sucks , it must abstain from all astringent things , and use such things as loosen . if viscid flegm stick to the guts , and the excrements are covered with it , things that incide and cleanse , must be used , as honey of roses solutive , or syrup of horehound , or the like : if any neighbouring part be hot and dry , the intemperies of it must be corrected with the syrups of violets , or succory , or with a decoction of barly , or with an emulsion of the four greater cold seeds , and the like . if the choler does not pass from the gall-bladder to the guts , the obstructed passages must be opened with a decoction of the roots of grass , of fennel , asparagus , maiden-hair and the like . but we must not always wait till the causes are taken away ; for the belly must be seasonably loosned to prevent ill symptoms , which may be done by external and internal medicines . amongst externals are suppositories , which may be made of honey and salt , or with crude honey put into a rag , or with lard , soap , or the root of mallows besmeared with butter . or , take mouse-dung , half a dram , with goats-suet , make a suppository . but nature must not be accustomed to the too frequent use of suppositories ▪ for if so , she will not ease the belly , unless she be provoked by them : it is therefore better to use glisters , and other external things , which may also remove the cause of the disease , and correct the dryness of the guts , or carry off the viscid flegm , according as their is occasion . as. take of common oyl three or four ounces , of brown sugar two or three drams , the yolk of one egg , of salt three grains , make a glister . or , take of the roots of marsh-mallows , half an ounce ; of mallows and pellitory of the wall , each half an handful ; of the flowers of camomile , one pugil ; of the seeds of flax and fenugreek , each one dram , boil them in water . in three , five , or six ounces of the strained liquor , according to the age of the child , dissolve two or three drams , or half an ounce of cassia , of common oyl one ounce , or one ounce and an half with the yolk of one egg ; ●ake a glister . such things may be ap●lied to the navel , as loosen the belly , ● oyl of sweet ▪ almonds alone , or with grain or two of scammony , or colouintida , or butter , or hen-fat , with ulls gall , or with the juice of sowread . or , take of aloes , two drams ; of the gall of bull , one dram ; of scammony , one ●ruple , with a sufficient quantity of butter , ●ake an oyntment ; fill a walnut ▪ shell with ● , and apply it to the childs navel . and the whole belly may be anointed with an emollient oyntment . as , take of fresh butter , and of hens and ●ucks grease , each half an ounce ; of oyls ●f sweet-almonds and of flax , each three ●rams ; of calves marrow , of oyntment ●f marsh-mallows , each two drams , with ● little wax , make an oyntment . or , take of the leaves of mallows and marsh-mallows , each one handful ; of the ●eeds of flax and fenugreek , each half an ●unce ; of figs , number six ; boil them in water , and pulp them through a sive , and add of butter and of hens-fat , ●ach one ounce ; of oyntment of marsh-mallows half an ounce ; of saffron one scruple ; mix them , make a cataplasm , to be applied to the belly . if you would have it loosen more forcibly , you must add aloes , and other purgers ; or you you may make a cataplasm of fine flower , and juice of dwarf-elder . but you must take notice , that these cataplasms , and other purging medicines applied to the belly , must not touch the stomach . to the children that are pretty big , you must give a scruple , or half a dram of cyprean turpentine ; or a decoction of red cabbage with honey ; or syrup of violets , roses solitive , or loosning raisins , or cassia from two drams to six , or manna , which may conveniently be dissolved in milk . or , take of the pulp of fat figs , and of raisins stoned , each two drams ; of jujubes number seven ; of cassia , half an ounce ; of the solutive electuary of sebestins and pruns , each two drams , with the syrup of preserved myrabolans called chebuls , make an electuary . the dose is one dram. young children make take suggared milk , or they may lick honey , and such purging medicines as are agreeable to the age , and constitution of the child , may be given to the nurse . chap. xxvi . of worms . worms are chiefly bred in the bowels of children , and some have them in the womb after they are born , they are generated by eating too much , and by the confusion of the milk with other meats , and by reason of their hot and moist constitution , which is very apt to produce worms ; and the sweet things which children eat , and are delighted with , are apt to generate worms ; but they are chiefly generated by fruit , which children eat greedily . there are three sorts of worms , round and long , like earth-worms ; broad and knotted , and the small which are called ascarides . the first sort are most frequent to children . if worms are ejected by stool or vomit , there is no need of other signs : but because they often lie hid a long while , before they are evacuated , and because children do not understand , or cannot discover what they all , there is need of signs to find out worms . and first in general , when worms lie hid in the bowels , the mouth is full of spittle , which often runs out , and a peculiar stink exhales from the mouth ; they have terrible dreams , as may be known by various motions in sleep , they grind their teeth after an unusual manner in sleep , their sleep is disturbed , they put forth their tongues , scratch their noses often , and seem to chew , they have a dry cough , sometimes they are troubled with nauseousness , vomiting , and hickops , sometimes they have too great an appetite , and sometimes none at all ; and they are most commonly thirsty , the belly is swelled ; sometimes they are bound in their bodies , but most commonly they are loose , their urine is most commonly thick and white , they are grip'd , especially when the belly is empty , and when the worms want to be fed : the body is thin , by reason of the defect of nourishment , which the worms consume . the children are often troubled with cold sweats , and sometime they have flushing in their faces , and presently again they are pale . sometimes they are seized with convulsions , and often with ill fevers : but these signs belong chiefly to long and round worms ; for broad worms , and the little ones called ascarides have other signs ; for those which have broad worms have too great an appetite , and unless they are supplied , they perceive a gnawing and pain in their bellies , and sometimes they faint away , if they are not presently fed ; but otherwise , the gripes are very gentle ; for the broad worm is slow , and sticks to the bowels , and so does not easily move from place to place . the body is much extenuated and weak , and sometime also , some of the signs above-mentioned are present : but the following is the most certain sign , viz. if with the excrements , some corpuscles like the seeds of gourds are ejected . when there are worms called ascarides , there is a violent itching in the fundament , and a continual endeavour to go to stool ; for , sticking in the right gut , they continually provoke it . children have worms often a long time without any great detriment ; but oftentimes grievous symptoms come upon them , such as we mentioned above . the ascarides are the least hurtful ; for they are small , and stick in the right gut , a place far distant from the noble parts , and they are easily cast out ; yet sometimes they occasion ulcers in the right gut. the broad worms are very difficultly cured , and often grow old with the man , yet they do not occasion girevous symptoms , nor death . the long and round worms are the most hurtful for they induce sometimes various symptoms , and it has been found , that they have eaten thro' the guts , and belly too . those that are thin and extenuated , are not so bad as those that are thick and great , and full of blood ; for if they are thin , it is a sign that the matter wherewith they are nourished is not very copious ; on the contrary , it is an argument , when they are big , there are many excrementious humours in the body : white worms are better than yellow , livid , red , or blackish . those that are of a plain figure are better than those that are of a serpentine , or other prodigious figure : it is better that they should be evacuted by stool , than upwards ; and worst of all when they eat their way out . worms are dangerous when they are accompanied with a feaver ; if convulsions , and a grinding of the teeth come upon worms , it is dangerous . if dead worms cannot be expelled by the force of remedies , or by the defect of aliment , it is dangerous . it is better to prevent the generation of worms in infants , than to kill and expel them , when they are generated . the generation of worms is to be prevented by diet and medicines ; the diet ought to be such , as no way conduces to the generation of them , namely , meats of good juice , sprinkled sometimes with the juice of pomgranats , oranges , or citrons ; sweet , fat , and viscid things are to be avoided , especially the frequent use of milk or fish ; also summer fruits , and figs , wine and clear beer , is good against the worms , it is good also to put into the beer shavings of harts-horn . as to medicines , we must endeavour that the matter which generates worms , be either evacuated , or rendered unfit to generate them ; and therefore the belly must be kept open , that the matter may be gently evacuated . some perseribe for children aloes , hiera pi●ra , and rhubarb in the form of pills , or in a bolus , but how they make them take it , i know not ; for the children ▪ now a days , will not take any such thihg , unless they are well grown . a decoction of sebestins is more palatable , or table●s of diaturbith , with rhubarb , or some syrup made of plants that kill worms , with the leaves of senna , agarick , and a little rhubarb . amongst medicines , which resist the generation of worms , bitter things are most proper , as wormwood , scordium , and the like : but because children will not easily take them , those things that are more pleasant , may be sometimes given , as a decoction of the roots of grass , and of mouse ear , the juice of lemons , and citron , and sometimes a drop or two , of spirit of vitriol , may be given in a convenient liquor . but if it plainly appears , that worms are generated , we must endeavour to expel them . amongst the medicines , which may be conveniently given to children , the following are the chief , coralline , wormseed , the roots of white dillany , harts-horn , the water and decoction of grass roots , and mercurius dulcis : as , take of worm-seed , two drams , of coralline and hartshorn prepared , each one dram , of the roots of peony , white dittany , and magistery of coral , each one scruple , make a powder : or , take of worm-seed , coralline , each one dram and an half , of the roots of white dittany , and tormentil , each half a dram , make a powder , or give the essence of peach flower , or half an ounce , or an ounce of the water , or decoction of fern , or half a scruple , or half a dram of the powder of fern. but you must consider , whether a fever accompany the worms ; for if there be a fever , you must use cooling things , and add to them such things as resist malignity , as the juices of lemons , pomgranats , oranges , vinegar , hartshorn , bezoar , and confection of hyacin●h ; or the following potion may be given : take of the water of grass , four ounces , of syrup of sorrel , and citron , each one ounce , of syrup of violets , half an ounce , of spirit of vitriol , two or three drops , mingle them , give a spoonful or two at a time . moreover you must observe , that medicines to kill the worms , especially bitter things , must be taken in by the mouth , and that sweet things must be injected after the manner of a glyster ; for the worms , hating bitter medicines , will go downwards , aud will be allured thither , by the sweet things , and so will be the easier ejected ; and therefore , when medicines are given to kill the worms , a glister of milk must be injected : or , take of raisins , number ten , of figs , number seven , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water , in four , or six ounces of the strained liquor , disolve an ounce , or an ounce and an half of sugar , and so make a glister . it is to be noted also , that you must not always keep to one medicine , for the worms will be accustomed to it , and so will not be driven away . apply outwardly to the belly , especially about the navel , medicines that are proper to kill worms , as the leaves of peach tree , wormwood , and lupins , of each a like quantity ; or , apply to the belly cummin mixed with bulls gall , or a cataplasm made of wormwood , st. john's wort , bulls gall : or , take of the powder of wormwood , nigella , the lesser centaury , wormseed , the meal of lupins , each half an ounce , of oyl of wormwood a sufficient quantity , of wax half an ounce , mingle them over the fire , make an oyntment , wherewith anoint the belly : or , take of the powder of the seeds of nigella , and of wormwood , each two drams , of the meal of lupins two ounces , of the juice of rue one ounce and an half , of the juice of wormwood four ounces , or if you cannot get the juices , make the cataplasm with oyl of rue and wormwood ; apply is to the navel in a rag , as large as the palm of the ha●d : or. take of venice treacle , half an ounce , dissolve it in the juice of wormwood , and anoint the belly therewith ; or , take of the meal of lupins four ounces , of the powder of 〈◊〉 myrrh , tansie , wormseed , each two drams , of scordium vinegar two ounces , of bulls gall half an ounce , with a sufficient quantity of the juice , or oyl of wormwood , make a cataplasm : or , the following bath may be prepared : take of the leaves of the peach tree , and wormwood , each a sufficient quantity , boyl them in water , and let the child sit up to the navel in it . but if there be a fever , more temperate things must be used : as , take of the juices of purslain , and of peach leaves , each three ounces , of vinegar one ounce ; of the meal of lupins , a sufficient quantity , make a cataplasm . chap. xxvi . of ruptures . children are afflicted with ruptures , by the fall of the small guts into the scrotum , the peritoneum being relaxed , or broken by violent crying , a cough , and much straining in going to stool : but grown children are sometimes bursten by violent motions of the body , and indeed the peritoneum in children is tender , so that it may be easily relaxed , or broken . there is another tumor , which often happens in the god of children new born , which is commonly reckoned amongst ruptures , and yet the peritoneum is sound ; it proceeds from watery humours abounding in the belly . a rupture , or tumour of the scrotum appears to sight : but we must carefully mind , whether the swelling be occasioned by the falling of the gut into the scrotum , or from a watery humour that flowes thither ; in a rupture the swelling is most commonly in one side of the scrotum ; for the peritoneum is seldom broke in both sides , and you may percieve that by touching with your finger , and the hole , through which the gut falls may be felt with the finger : but the watery swelling of the cod is most commonly on both sides , and the scrotum is more inflamed than when there is a rupture , and no hole can be perceived in the peritoneum , and no cause , that might produce a rupture , went before , and there are signs of crudity present . a rupture in children is easier cured than in grown persons , for the peritoneum in them is soft and easily unites . some say , that all watery swellings in the scrotum , are harder cured than a rupture , but this is false in children ; for experience testifies , that this watery swelling is easily cured by discutients , nay , it often goes away of it self , in progress of time , the humours being dried up . in the cure of a rupture , we must endeavour to keep the childrens bodies open , that they do not fill their bellies too much , nor cry much , and if they are some what grown , they must abstain from all violent motion . you must lay them on their backs , and gently put up the gut , and apply a proper plaister , or cataplasm , and bind it on with a truss . take of plaintain , sanicle , each half an ounce ▪ of the meal of lentils , and lupins , and red roses , each two drams , of frankincense one dram , alum half a dram , make a powder , and with a sufficient quantity of it , beaten up with the white of an egg , make a cataplasm to be applied to the part ●ffected : or , take of frankincense , cypress , nuts , aloes , and acacia , each two drams , myrrh one dram , make a powder , mix it with iseing-glass , and apply it in form of a plaister : or , take of cypress-nuts , two drams of balaustins , of the powder of the root of comfry , thorrow-wax , sanicle , rupture-wort , each one dram , bdellium one dram and an half , bole-armentick two drams , dragons ▪ blood four scruples , greek pitch one ounce , rosin of the pine six drams , with turpentine-wax , and oyl of eggs. make a cerate : or , take the green leaves of thorrow-wax , and the fresh roots of comfry , beat them them small , and with a third part of new wax , make a plaister , and apply it to the part affected : or , take the roots of comfry cleansed , beat them , and heat them , and apply them in a linnen rag , and change them every twelve hours . at the same time , inward medicines must be used , which may help to conglutinate . as , take of sanicle , plantam , each half an handful , of agrimony , half an handful , of the roots of comfry , half an ounce , boyl them in a pint of water , in a double vessel , strain the liquor , and sweeten it with sugar , and let the child drink often of it hot . mouse-ear also is very good , gathered in may , the powder of it being taken every day in broath . the powder of the lesser moon-wort , is also good , taken in red wine , or in a decoction of comfry . thorrow-wax is also good , taken in a powder , or in a decoction , so are rupture-wort , and the roots of comfry . if the swelling of the scrotum be occasioned by a watery humour , anoint the scrotum with the oyls of lawrel , elder , or rue , and apply a cataplasm , made of bean-meal , of the seeds of flax , and fenu-greek , of the powder of the flowers of camomile , and elder , and of the seeds of cumin . chap. xxvii . of the sticking out of the navel . the sticking out of the navel is near a kin to a rupture ; it happens when the navel is not rightly bound , or when the peritoneum is relaxed , and humours , and wind are collected there . if the midwife has not rightly cut the navel , but left it longer than it ought to be it is incurable , but it is rather troublesome than dangerous ; but if the navel , being consolidated after the birth , is afterwards two much extended or bursten , or ulcerated , it is often incurable , if it be neglected at first , and if it be not cured in infancy , it may in the adult age occasion a deadly iliack passion , if the guts that lie upon it are inflamed . if the peritoneum be only relaxed , things that bind and strengthen must be used ▪ if it be bursten , you must use things that unite , and consolidate ; and if the causes which extend , relax , or break the peritoneum are present , they must be removed . you must therefore endeavour to keep the child from crying , and as quiet as possible , and to hush it to sleep as often as you can ; if there be a cough , you must endeavour to stop it , and all violent motion must be avoided . baths are not convenient , for they relax the navel , the child and nurse must abstain from windy meats : the belly must be kept open ; for straining in going to stool is injurious . if the peritoneum be too much dilated , and wind extends the navel , make a cataplasm in red wine , with equal parts of the powder of the seeds of cumin , lawrel-ber●ies , and the meal of lupins , and apply it to the navel ; or make a bag of the seeds of cumin , and celtick-spike boyled in red wine , and apply it to the navel : afterwards apply astringents , and a bolster , and bind it on with a swaith . but if the peritoneum be bursten , you must first reduce the guts , and afterwards use those medicines which are proposed in the foregoing chapter , and you must apply a bolster to the navel , and bind it on strait with a swaith , to prevent the falling out of the guts again . take of cypress-nuts , frankincense , myrrb , mastich , sarc●cole , alom , and ising-glass , each one dram , with the whites of eggs make a cataplasm ; or you may apply to the navel mint beaten with the white of an egg , and you may give the child such medicines as are proper for ruptures , as one scruple of comfry root . or , take of the root of comfry , red coral , mastich , shephords-purse , each one dram , make a powder . if the navel be ulcerated , the cure must be ordered , as shall be said in the following chapter ▪ and to the navel must be applied oyl of roses , wherein ceruss washed has been rubbed , or the plaister called gryseum . chap. xxviii . of an inflamation of the navel . the navel is sometimes inflamed in infants , chiefly after the abscission , for by reason of the pain , especially when the ligature is not rightly made ; and by reason of an injury from the external air , the blood flows to it , and occasions an inflamation ; it may be known by the swelling , hardness , redness , heat , and pulsation . if care be taken of this inflamation at first , it is easily cured , otherwise a fever usually happens , which endangers the child . if it turn to an abscess it often kills . as to the cure , as in other inflamations , so here , the pain must be mitigated , and the fluxion stopped , and that which flowed in must be discussed ; apply the following cataplasm to ease the pain . take of mallows boyled and bruised one unce , of barly-meal , half an ounce , of lupins , and fenugreek , each two drams , with a sufficient quantity of oyl of roses , make cataplasm : or , take of coltick spike , half an ounce , of turpentine three ounces ; with oyl of sweet almonds , make an ointment . to repel the blood , use the following : take of the powder of frankincense one dram , of acacia and fleabane , each half a dram , with the white of an egg , make a cataplasm , to be applied to the navel . suppuration must be hindred as much as is possible ; but if it will come to suppuration , use the following . take of turpentine half an ounce , the yolk of one egg , oyle of roses two ounces , mingle them . chap. xxix . of the falling of the fundament . the falling of the fundament ▪ sometimes happens to children , either by reason of the looseness of the muscle which shuts it , or by the too great moisture , and softness of it , which frequently follow upon a looseness ; or it sometimes happens by the too great endeavours in going to stool , or in a tenesmus . it is easily known , but whether it proceeds from too great moisture , and from humours following to the belly , or from too great endeavours in going to stool , may be easily known , by the by-standers . if it proceed from too great endeavours in going to stool , it is easily cured , if it be taken in time ; for the longer it is out of its place , the more it is altered , and the more difficultly put up : but if it proceed from too great moisture , it is difficultly cured , especially if a looseness accompany it ; for it can scarce be perfectly cured , till the flux be stopped : besides medicines that are necessary are not easily retained , and the vertue of them is apt to be spoiled by the excrements . the whole cure consists in putting up the fundament , and retaining it in its place ; it ought therefore to be presently put up ; but if it be so swell'd that it cannot easily be put up , it must first be fomented with a decoction of mallows and marsh-mallows , and anointed with the oyl of white lillies ; or the infant must sit in a bath made of the same herbs ; and afterwards the fundament must be retained in its place by astringent medicines . take of red roses , balaustines , cypress-nuts , pomgranate-pe●l , each half an ounce , of sumach , frankincense , and mastich , each two drams ; boyl them in rough win● , and foment the anus with a spunge dipt in it . after the fomentation , use the following powder : take of red roses , and balaustines , each half a dram , of frankincense , mastich , and myrrh , each one scruple , make a powder , put it in cotton , and apply it to the fundament ; or you may make a fume of the powder . but because it cannot well be received by the child , fume rags dipt in alom-water , and apply them to the anus ; and le●t it should fall down again , the child must keep its legs together : and if they are very young , their legs must be bound with a swaith . chap. xxx . of the stone in the bladder . the stone is frequently generated in childrens bladders , and very seldom in their reins : whereas , on the contrary , old men are generally afflicted with the stone in the kidneys . the stone in the bladder in children is chiefly generated by milk , and if it be impure , not only stones but also other diseases are generated ; but all impure milk does not breed the stone , but only that which is made of gross and viscid meats , and of such as are apt to breed the stone , especially if the child suck greedily , and burthen the stomach with those things that generate crudities : but because we see many children fed with milk , and with pap , and yet are not troubled with the stone , other causes must be added , namely first , some weakness of the liver and stomach , upon which account , the meat is not well concocted , and that which is unprofitable is not seperated , but much of the earthy , and stone making juice remains in the chyle , and moreover the hot intemperies of the reins is a cause . as soon as there is any rudiment of a stone , new matter gathers about it daily , and grows to it ; but boys are more subject to the stone , than girls , because the urinary passages in women is shorter , and more open than in men ; and therefore the matter which is apt to produce the stone is easier ejected in women . you may know the stone in children by the following signs ; they make water with pain , and oft render it drop by drop , yea , often the urine is quite suppressed , and that urine which is evacuated is sometimes clear as water , sometimes as white as milk , or like whey , and sometimes some blood is evacuated with the urine , and sand appears with the urine ; moreover infants perceive an itching in the virile member , and therefore they frequently scra●ch it , and at length there is sometimes an erection . the stone in the bladder is a very desperate ●is●●s● ; for tho' it does not presently kill , ●e● if it be not presently cured , it incre●ses daily , and afterwards it cannot be reme ie● any other way , than by cutting o extraction of the stone , which is very dangerous ; for if the stone be large , children many times dye as well as grown people . if from the difficulty of urine , and other signs it appear , that the child is disposed to the stone , we must endeavour all we can to prevent the breeding of it ; and therefore the stomach must not be filled with too much meat , and the nurse and infant must abstain from all meats , that are gross and viscid , and apt to generate the stone , and the belly must be always kept loose , and the breeding of the stone must be prevented by external and internal medicines ; and therefore a bath must be prepared forthe infant , made of mallows , marsh-mallows , pellitory of the wall , parsly , dill , and of the s●eds of flax and fenugreek . after the bath , the parts about the bladder must be anointed with ointment of marsh-mallows , and oyls of white lillies and scorpions , and a cataplasm must be afterwards applied , made of green pellitory of the wall boyled in the oyl of white lillies , and camomile , and give the child a scruple or two of the powder of crabs-eves , or of white amer , or of goats-blood prepared in parsly-water : and it may be useful sometimes to give half a dram of cyprean turpentine . chap. xxxi . of the difficulty , and retention of the vrine . sometimes children render their urine with difficulty and pain , and often by drops , and sometimes it is quite stopt . in children there are two causes of this , namely that gross humour whereof the stone is generated ▪ which also occasions a stranguary and disury , and then the stone which occasions a suppression of urine : the causes which generate this gross humour , are gross and viscid milk , pap made o● flower and milk , and cheese . the retention of the urine plainly appears , if there be a difficulty of urine , it may be known by being rendred by drops , and by the crying of the child , and the urine is gross and turbid : if there be a stone , that may be found by the catheter , and thereby it may be removed from the orifice of the bladder , to make a passage for the urine . this is a very dangerous disease ; for if it proceed from gross matter , it will turn to the stone , if it be not timely removed if the suppression of urine proceed from the stone , it is as dangerous as the stone it self , and suppression of the urine it self , is dangerous , especially in children , because no natural evacuation in them can be suppressed without danger . the cure therefore must be begun early , and it is in a manner the same with that which was proposed in the foregoing chapter of the stone , namely the causes of the difficulty , or suppression of the urine must be removed ; therefore care must be taken in the first place , that the nurse and child use such meats , which do not conduce to the production of the humour that generates the stone , and then medicines must be given that purge these humours , as honey of roses solutive , cassia and turpentine : afterwards baths , fomentations , and unctions made of those things , which are proposed in the foregoing chapter ; and let such medicines be taken inwardly as are mentioned there ; for those which can expel the stone can carry off the humour that generates it ; and the water of sea-grass , rest-harrow , filipendula , and a decoction of vetches are useful . if the stone obstruct the orifice of the bladder , it must be removed thence by laying the child upon its back , and shaking its legs , or by the catheter . chap. xxxii . of incontinence of vrine . children when they are very young , and when they lye in the cradle , and know not what is filthy or neat , make water in their cloaths , and so by custom , they sometimes do so , when they are grown up in sleep , and some also when they are awake ; for the muscle that shuts the orisice of the bladder is accustomed to let the urine go , when it is irritated by the quantity of it . but sometimes there is also a weakness of the muscle , proceeding from a cold , and moist intemperies of it , contracted from abundance of gross and cold humours , which are in the tender age ; or it may proceed from an obstruction , and compression of the nerve of the sphincter , and sometimes a stone hinders the shutting of the bladder . this disease is not easily known in infants ; for then it is reckoned to proceed from their tender age , and when they are a little grown , it may proceed from custom : but if it be from the stone , it may be found by the signs of the stone . if the occasion be custom , it most commonly goes off , in time of its own accord ; for they being ashamed of it , restrain it : but if the custom grow to a habit , or if some disease be joined with it , it seldom leaves them as long as they live . if it proceed from the stone , it cannot be cu●ed , till the stone is taken away . if it proceed from an ill custom , children must be admonished to make water often . if it proceed from a cold and moist intemperies , such things must be used as alter it , and the flegmatic humour must dried and carried off , and the nurses diet must be hot and dry , and she must eat with her meat , sage , hyssop , marjoram , fennel , and savory , the child must not drink much , and care must be taken , that its belly be kept open , and the region of the bladder must be anointed with oyl of orris , and the like , or a bath must be prepared of sulphur , nitre , and oak-leaves , unless some natural , sulphurous , or alom bath can be had ; and let the following powder be given . take of an hog , or boar's bladder dried , the testicles of a hare dried , the throat of a cock dried , each half an ounce , of accorns , two scruples , of the leaves of catmint , and m●●e , each one scruple ; make a powder , give a scruple , or half a dram , in the water of oak-leaves . chap. xxxiii . of the galling of children . it frequently happens , that the skin of the hips , and the parts there about , in children , is fretted off , which occasions pain , and makes them restless . it is caused by the accimony of the urine , when the linnen is not often changed ; for if they are kept clean , and the linnen often changed , this seldom happens : but those children that have an acridurine , and are fat , are most obnoxious to it . it is easily cured , but if it be let alone , it occasions ulcers in those parts ; therefore the children must be often wa hed , and cleansed with a bath made of mallows , marsh mallows , pellitory , roses , and bran , and after the bath , the parts may be sprinkled , or touched with a rag , filled with white pompholix ; or a fine powder may be made , with lytharge of silver , roses , frankincense , and burnt-alom , or the part may be anointed with the oyntment called drapompholigos . chah . xxxiv . of the rickets . this disease began about sixty years ago , in the west of england , it seizes children when they are about half an year old . the proportion of the parts is irregular . the head is bigger than ordinary , so is the face ; the wit is sharper than is usual in such an age , the members are thin and wasted ; the skin is loose ; the bones are most commonly bowed , and the joynts knotted . the breast is narrow and sharp ; the ribs are knotted , and the belly is big . these things are observed outwardly . as to the inward parts , the liver is larger than usual , the stomach and bowels are larger , than in those that are well ; the mesentery is affected with glanduls , that are larger than ordinary , the lungs are stuff'd and swell'd , and sometimes purulent , and often stick to the pleura . the jugular veins , and the carotide arteries are sometimes larger then they should be . all the parts are weak , and unfit for motion ; and such children will play only sitting , and do not care to stand : and at length , the head cannot be sustained by the weak neck . tho' this disease is not commonly deadly , yet the symptoms growing to a height , it sometimes degenerates into a con sumption , hectic fever , dropsy of the lungs , or an ascites , and so at length is deadly . the sooner it comes , the worse it is , if it be not cured before children are five years old , they are ever after very sickly . an itch coming upon this disease , much conduces to the cure. as to the cure , we must begin with purging ; because most commonly , there is abundance of flegmatick humours heap'd up in the belly , and the bowels are frequently afflicted with scrophulous tumours . if the belly be bound , or the bowels troubled with wind , or gripes , glisters must be used frequently , which must not be only solutive , but sometimes alterative , and corroborative , for instance . take of the leaves of mallows , one handful , of the flowers of melilot , camomile , and elder , each one pugil , of the seeds of anise , and fennel bruised , each half a dram , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of new goats-milk ; to four , five , or six ounces of the strained liquor , add of brown sugar , and syrup of violets and roses , each one ounce , make a glister , inject it warm a good while after eating . corroborative glisters may be make in the following manner . take of fresh stone , hors●dung , one ounce and an half , of the flowers of rosemary , and sage , each one pugil , of juniper-berries , two drams , of the seeds of anise , and fennel , each half a dram , infuse them close and warm in a sufficient quantity of whey . in four ounces of the strained liquor , dissolve one ounce of brown sugar , and six drams of fresh butter ; mingle them , make a glister . there may be also added , if it seem convenient , six drams of manna . if the stomach be burthened with vitious humours , and they tend upwards , vomits may be given : but in the prescription of them , respect must be had to the tender age , and they should rather consist of salt of vitriol , and the wine of squills , than of stybeat medicines ; for it is not safe to give these to infants , for fear of convulsions . give of wine or oxy●el of squills , half an ounce , or an ounce ; half an hour after , give a large quantity of posset drink , and provoke vomitting with the finger , and let it be repeated now and then . some days after vomitting , or if vomittnig be not to be used , gentle purging must be instituted , and repeated by intervals . as , take of the augustan syrup , or of syrup of succory with rhubarb , six drams , or an ounce , of cream of tartar , ten or fifteen grains , mingle them , let them be taken early in the morning , either by themselves , or in a draught of posset drink . if the sick be affected with worms , or the king's-evil , the following bolus may be given by intervals . take of mercurius dulcis , from six to ten grains , rosin of jallup or scammony , two or four grains , of the chymical oyl of juniper , one drop , make a powder , which may be made into a bolus with the pap of a roasted apple ; let it be taken early in the morning . after gentle purging , if the sick be of a sanguine constitution , blood-letting is of use . issues are also very effectual in this disease , especially an issue made betwixt the first and second vertebra of the neck . besides purging and chyrurgical remedies , specific altering medicines are to be used ; to which sometimes diureticks , and diaphoreticks are to be added . the specific remedies , that are found most effectual to cure this disease , are either simple or compound . among simples the following are most approved ; wood of gujacum , and its bark , sassafras , lentisk-wood , rosemary , the knotty part of firr , the roots of china , and sarsaparilla , the three sanders , the roots of osmund royal , or rather the cloves of the roots , the roots of sea-fern , or rather the buds of them . grass roots , the roots of asparagus , eringo , succory , burdock , the barks of the roots of capers , the capillary herbs , and chiefly trichomanes , ceterach , wall-rue , harts-tongue , liverwort , male-speedwell , agrimony , brooklime , watercresses , the leaves and flowers of sage ; rosemary , bettony , dead net●le , and of tamarisk . also steel prepared , or its salt , or vitriol , tartar , castor , flowers of sulphur , earth worms , millepedes prepared , and the like , whereof compositions may be made in the following manner : take of the cloves of the roots of osmund-royal , or the roots of sea-fern , or the twigs of the roots of it , scarcely sprung above ground , one handful , boil them in a pint of milk , or spring-water , to the consumption of a third part , let the strained liquor with sugar be drank twice or thrice a day . take of the leaves of tea , one dram , of the flowers of sage and bettony , each half a dram , put them in a convenient vessel , and pour on them a pint of boiling water , let them stand close and warm about an hour ; sweeten the strained liquor with sugar , and let it be drank in the same manner as the former . take of lentisk-wood , rosemary , of the ro●ts of sarsaparilla , flowering fern , or male-fern , each three ounces , of the herbs agrimony , maiden-hair , speedwell , haris-tongue , sage , bettony , each two handfuls , of the tops of fern and tamarisk , each two handfuls , boil them in so●r gallons of ale , till one is consumed ; when it has done working in the vissel , put into a bag two hundred millipedes washed in white wine , and gently bruised , of juniper-berries , two ounces , of nutmegs sliced , number two , hang the bag in the vessel , and put a piece of steel in it to make it s●●k . if there be any suspicion of the scurvy , you may add of water-cresses and brooklime , each two handfuls , after a fortnight , let it be drunk for the ordinary drink . but the medicine , which is most approved in this disease , is ens veneris , five or six grains of it may be taken every night at bedtime in half a spoonful of syrup of gill●flowers . if the lungs are stopped with viscid humours , as happens often , and the mesentery with scrophulous glands , three or four drops of balsom of sulphur mixed with sugar-candy powdered , may be given morning and evening . note , steel must not be given in coughs , plurises , a stoppage of the lungs , nor when there is a hectic fever . the bath water is very proper , and is excellent to take off the swelling of the belly ; the following artisicial bath as much commended . place the sick in a large vessel , and put round him warm barley fermented , which has been a while infused in boiled water , as is usually done for making beer , cover him well , and let him abide in it to provoke sweat . regard must be had to the symptoms coming upon this disease , the most frequent whereof is a looseness : for the cure of which , gentle purgers , as an infusion of rhubarb , tamarinds , and sanders , or a bolus made of them is of use , and sometimes astringents and gentle opiats may be used ; but purging must go before . sometimes immoderate sweating afflicts the child , which if it follow a feverish fit is critical , and ought not to be rashly stopt : but if it flow in ordinately , it is a sign , that the body is oppressed with ill humours ; therefore this sort of sweat must be corrected by a gentle purge , especially with rhubarb . apperitives also , and such things as help concoction must not be omitted . breeding of the teeth difficultly is familiar to this disease , and often occasions a fever ; in which case , gentle evacuations , especially by glisters , must be made ; and sometimes it is necessary to cut the gums , to make way for the teeth , and to apply a blister behind the ears ; and if there be great pain and watchings , hypnoticks must be used , as a dram or two of diacodium in a spoonful of cowslip water . external things must be used , as exercises of all sorts , and if the child be able , walking srequently , if not , he must play sitting , or be carried about in the nurses arms , or the like . frictions are also good in this case , with warm flannel the parts to be rubbed are the spine , which is primarly affected , and the muscular parts : but you must not rub the bones where they stick out , the concave parts of the bones , you must . ligatures are also of use , which are to be made above the knee , and above the elbow ; but they ought to be soft and loose . boots are also of use : but you must take care that they press a little upon the protuberant part of the bone , and scarce touch the cavity . bodice are also to be used , to keep the body up-right . swinging is also necessary . a formentation of all sorts of wine , and common aqua vita is also very good for this purpose to corroberate the nervous parts , which must be used for the weak parts , and especially for the spine : which being done , the parts must be ●●ointed with oyl , or some proper ointment , which we shall mention by and by ; and instead of wine , the following decoction may be used . take of the roots of osmund royal , or of male-fern , three ounces , of the leaves of bettony , sage , rosemary , marjoram , water-cresses , each one handful , of the flowers of cammomile , melilot , and elder , each one pugil , of the berries of lawrel , and juniper , each half an ounce ; boil them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water to a quart , add of white wine , or of common aqua vitae , one pint . keep the strained liquor for use . take of the leaves of elder , lawrel , marjorum , sage , rosemary , bettony , and the tops of lavender ; each two handfuls , of the berries of juniper , and lawrel , each one ounce ; cut them and bruise them , and put them into a pot , with three pound of may butter , or of fresh butter , and add to them half a pint of aqua vitae , and while the strained liquor is hot , add half an ounce of oyl of nutmegs by expression , and one dram of peruvian balsom , mix them , make an ointment . instead of may butter , beef marrow , or deers suet , and oyl of worms , or oyl of foxes ; each one pound and an half may be used . the ointment must be applied warm , before a hot fire , and the parts must be rubbed with a warm hand , till they are dry . if the belly be hard and swelled , the following ointment must be applied . take of the oyls of capers , worm-wood , and elder , each one ounce , of the ointment above prescribed , one ounce and an half ; of gumm ammoniacum dissolved in vinegar , half an ounce , make a linement whilst the ointments are applied to the hypochondres , the bowels must be handled by the nurse . if the lungs are affected , the breast must be anointed with some pectoral ointment , or with the ointment of marshmallows , and at the time of unction , a little oyl of nntmegs by expression may be mixed with it . chap. xxxv . of chilarens wasting . though the wasting of children may be reserred generally to the diseases of children , yet i think it necessary to mention it here ; because children wax extreamly lean , without any manifest cause , whereas the adult seldom grow lean , but by reason of a fever , a consumption , or some other manifest disease . perhaps it may happen by a fault in the milk , or for want of milk ; and sometimes children wast much with one nurse , but being remove to another , thrive well . worms may be also the cause , for they destroy the nourishment ; and so sufficient blood cannot be generated for the nourishment of the body ; and if blood should be generated , and transmitted thro' the veins to the whole body , yet if there are worms in the back , arms , legs , and almost over the whole body , and there are so sometimes ; the nourishment will be devoured by them . these worms are very small , and are bred in the skin , and the heads of them appear like black hairs upon priction in a bath ; they are generated by vitious matter shut up in the capillary veins , turned into worms , when transpiration is hindred . if the wasting be occasioned by a fault in the milk , the milk must be amended ; if worms in the bowels are the cause , medicines prescribed in the chapter of worms must be used . if small worms in the back , arms , and legs are the cause , the children must be bathed ▪ and honey must be mixed with the bath , and the musculous parts must be rubbed with a liniment made of crumbs of bread and honey . finis . books printed for richard wellington , at the lute in st. paul's church-yard . 1. sir samuel moreland's vade mecum : or necessary companion ; containing a perpetual almanack . 2. a table of the kings reigns , from the norman conquest , compared with the years of christ . 3. directions for every month in the year , what should be done in orchard , kitchin , or flower-garden . 4. the reduction of weights , measures , and coins , with a table of the aslize of bread. 5. a table of any number of farthings , half pence , or shillings , are ready cast up , of great use to all traders . 6. the interest and rebate of money , the forbearance , discompt , and purchase of annuities . 7. the rates of post letters , inland and outland . 8. an account of the penny post . 9. the principal roads in england ; shewing the distance of each town from the other , in the measured and computed miles , and the distance from london ; also the market towns on each roads ; with the days of the week the markets are kept on ; also the hundred and county each town is seated in . 10. the names of the counties , cities and borough towns in england and wales , with the number of knights , citizens , and burgesses , and burgesses chosen therein to serve in parliament . 1● . the usual and authorized rules and fairs of coach-men , car-men , and water-men . the sixth edition much enlarged . price two shillings . ovid travestie : or , a burlesque on ovid's 〈◊〉 by captain alexander radcliff , late of 〈◊〉 inn. the third edition , with ten epistles , never before printed . price two shillings . the works of that excellent practical physitian doctor thomas sydenham , wherein not only the history of acute diseases are treated of , but chronical also ; with the best remedies against them . price five shilling . c●eker's decimal arithmetick , wherein is shewed the nature and use of decimal fractions , in the usual rules of arithmetick , and the mensuration of plains and solids , together with tables of rebates and interest for the valuation of leases and annuities , present , or in reversion , and rules for calculating those tables . to which is added his artificial arithmetick , shewing the genesis or fabrick of the logarithms and their use in extraction of roots , the solving questions in anotocism , and in other arithmetical rules in a method , not usually practised . also his algebraical arithmetick ; containing the doctrine of composing and resolving equations , with all other rules requisite for the understanding of that misterious art , according to the method used , by mr. john kersey in his incomparible treatise of algebra . the second edition corrected by john hawkins , writing-master at st. georges church in southwark . price three shillings . the works of that excellent and ingenious poet , captain alexander radcliff , containing his ovid travestie or a burlesque on ovid's epistles : likewise his ramble : an anti-heroic poem , with many other miscellanies ; never before printed . price bound four shillings . the novels of mrs. behn , collected into one volume , viz. oroonoko : or , the royal slave ▪ the fair jilt : or , prince tarquin . agnis de castro : or , the farce of generous love. lovers watch : or , the art of love. the ladies looking-glass . the lucky mistake , and love letters , never before printed ; together with the life of mrs. behn . price four shillings . contemplations , moral and divine , in three parts : written by the lord chief justice hale , to which is added the life of the author ; by gilbert lord bishop of sarum , each part may be had single . price of the first and second , five shillings , the three singly , three shillings and six-pence . the saurus geographicus : or , a new body of geography ; containing an exact description of the earth . 1. by way introduction , the general doctrine and geography , being an account of the situation and bigness of the earth in respect of the rest of the world , &c. together with the doctrine of the sphere , the use of globes , and maps . 2. a description of the known countries of the earth , an account of their situation , bounds , extent , climate , soil , and production , chief rivers , mountains and seas , with the history and succession of their princes , and the religion , manners and customs of the people . 3. the principal cities and most considerable towns in the world , particularly and exactly described , shewing the magnitude , principal buildings , antiquity , state , condition of each place ; as also the situation with its distance from other towns , for the easier finding it in the map. 4. the maps of every country of europe ; and general ones of asia , africa , and america ; fairly engraven on copper , according to the best and latest extant ; likewise , particular draughts of the chief fortified town of europe , with an alphabetical table of the names of the places . price bound , fourteen shillings . plautus's comedies englished , by several hands . price three shillings . reflections on ancient and modern learning : by william wootton , b. d. chaplain to the right honourable the earl of nottingham . the family physician : or , a collection of choice approved and experienced remedies for the cure● of almost all diseases incident to humane bodies whether internal and external ; useful in families , and serviceable to country people . containing some hundreds of considerable receipts , and secrets of great value , with observations of great cures ; together with the true english wine-coller , and the right method of making english wines , or metheglin , with a collection of the choicest and safest cosmetick remedies for preserving the beauty and complection of ladies , never before published : by george hartman , philo-chymist , author of the preserver and restorer of health , who lived and travelled with the honourable sir kenelm digby till he dyed . price three shillings . plays lately printed . spanish wives , a farce : written by mrs. mary pix . ibrahim , the thirteenth emperour of the turks : wirtten by the same author . old batchelor , a comedy : by mr. congreve . cyrus the great : or , the tragedy of love ▪ written by mr. banks , where you may be likewise furnished with most sort of plays , poetry , letters , or romances . the antiquities of palmya is this day published ; containing the history of the cities and emperours , from its foundation to the present time ; with an appendix of critical observations of the names , religion and government of the country , with a comment on the inscriptions lately found there . the history of britain ; that part especially called england : written by john milton . this day is published , a new tragedy , called , the vnnatural brother , written by mr. filmer , gent. printed for richard wellington at the lute in st. pauls church-yard . price one shilling . finis . a collection of chronical diseases viz. the colick, the bilious colick, hysterick diseases, the gout, and the bloody urine from the stone in the kidnies / by j. pechey ... pechey, john, 1655-1716. 1692 approx. 255 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 82 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2007-01 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a53910 wing p1018 estc r13463 12254923 ocm 12254923 57356 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a53910) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 57356) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 157:5) a collection of chronical diseases viz. the colick, the bilious colick, hysterick diseases, the gout, and the bloody urine from the stone in the kidnies / by j. pechey ... pechey, john, 1655-1716. rivière, lazare, 1589-1655. sydenham, thomas, 1624-1689. [8], 152 p. printed by j.r., and are to be sold by henry bonwicke ..., london : 1692. 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and xml conversion a collection of chronical diseases , viz. the colick : the bilious colick : hysterick diseases : the gout : and the bloody urine from the stone in the kidnies . by j. pechey , m. a. of the college of physicians in london . london : printed by j. r. and are to be sold by henry bonwicke , at the red lion in st. paul's church yard , 1692. advertisement . my collections of acute diseases , being well approved of , i was encouraged to publish these of chronical diseases ; the first chapter is taken from riverius , the other from the worthy dr. sydenham's works ; and 't is probable i may go through the whole history of chronical diseases , if god grant life and opportunity . the table . chap. i. of the colick . the colick takes its name from the part affected , viz. the colon , pag. 1. the causes of it , p. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. external causes of it , p. 5. the signs of the causes , p. 6 , 7 , 8. the difference betwixt nephritick pains , and the colick , p. 8 , 9. an obstinate colick from acrid matter often degenerates into other diseases , p. 10. the cure , ibid. the cure of the colick when it degenerates into a palsie , p. 15. chap. ii. of the bilious colick of the years 1670 , 71 , 72. a description of the disease , p. 17 , 18. the cure , p. 19. the pain is apt to return , p. 23. riding good in this disease , p. 24. a thin diet must be observ'd , p. 25. the hysterick colick , p. 26. the cure of it , p. 28. the cure of the jaundice , coming upon this disease , p. 30 , 31. chap. iii. of hysterick diseases . this disease is the most frequent of all chronical diseases . p. 32. the great variety of this disease , p. 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39. the procatartick , or external causes of this disease , p. 40. the origine and antecedent cause of the ataxy , p. 41. mother fits , p. 43. clavus histericus , p. 44. hypochondriack colick , p. 45. spitting common in hysterical women , p. 46. of the cold in hysterical diseases , ibid ▪ fits of weeping , p. 47. the disturbance and varying intemperies of the body and mind , is occasion'd by the inordination of the spirits , p. 48. this disease is not occasioned by seed and menstruous blood , p. 49. the chief indications in this disease , p. 51. bleeding in the arm is order'd , p. 52. chalybeat remedies are order'd , ibid. steel is best given in substance , p. 53. purging is not to be us'd in a chalybeat course , p. 54. a prescription for swelling of the belly , p. 56. the rickets , p. 56. filings of steel , p. 57. hysterick medicines are to be us'd in a steel course , ibid. medicines to answer all the indications , p. 58 , 59 , 60. chalybeats sometimes cause great disorders in women , p. 60. what is to be done when the disease is but small , ibid. some women abhor hysterical medicines , by a certain ideosyncracy , ibid. of drinking tunbridge-waters in this case , p. 61. what is to be observ'd in drinking them , p. 62. of hot sulphureous waters to be us'd in this case , p. 63. venice treacle is a great remedy in this disease , ibid. spanish wine medicated with gentian is good , p. 63 , 64. a milk diet is to be us'd , p. 65. riding on horse-back best , p. 66. riding on horse-back not proper for delicate women , p. 67. riding is good for people in consumptions , p. 68. in the fits we must use hysterical medicines , p. 69. laudanum must not be us'd to quiet the pains occasion'd by vomiting , 'till evacuations have been us'd , p. 70. the likeness betwixt this disease and nephritick pains , p. 73. the errors which hurt child-bed women , p. 76. medicines to cause the locha to flow , p. 78. the immoderate flux of the courses , p. 81 , 82 , 83. a cooling and thickening diet must be order'd , p. 83. falling of the womb , p. 84. chap. iv. of the gout . the gout chiefly seizes old men , and people of a gross habit of body , p. 86. sometimes it seizes thin people , and those that are in the flower of their age , p. 87. the regular gout , p. 88. rich men and wise men are more troubled with the gout than poor men and fools , p. 97. women are seldom troubled with the gout , ibid. boys and youth have not the genuine gout , ibid ▪ the disease rises from the weaken'd concoctions , p. 98. of the cure , p. 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111. digestive remedies must be us'd constantly , p. 117. a mediocrity is to be observ'd in meat and drink , p. 119. a milk diet , p. 120. liquors , p. 122. dietetick drink , p. 125. those that have been us'd to wine must not leave it off suddenly , p. 126. the sick must go to bed early , p. 127. tranquillity of mind must by all means be obtain'd , p. 128. exercise of the body most profitable , p. 129. riding on horse-back is the best exercise , p. 131. exercise must be us'd in a good air , p. 132. venery , ibid. of keeping in bed the first days , p. 137. we must apply our selves to those symptoms whereby the life of the patient is indanger'd , p. 138. the translation of the morbisick matter upon the lungs , p. 140. the stone in the kidnies , ibid. external remedies for the gout , p. 141. the pultis for the gout , p. 142. the moxa , ibid. chap. v. of the bloody vrine from the stone in the kidnies . manna good in this case , p. 146. a paregorick was given every night at bed-time after purging , p. 147. the regimen and manner of diet , p. 148. if the stone is large , manna must not be taken in purging mineral waters , p. 150. chalybeat waters must not be us'd when the stone is too large to pass through the vreters , p. 152. a treatise of chronical diseases . chap. i. of the colick . the colick takes its name from the part affected , which is the colon , a long and winding gut , appointed to receive the excrements of almost the whole body ; and if those excrements are retained too long , they are wont to occasion pains of this kind , the excrementitious matter occasioning a dissolution of the continuity either by distending , or pricking , or corroding ; and this matter is either wind or humour . wind proceeding from crudities , or from a cold intemperies of the stomach or guts , if it be stop'd by reason the excrements are grown hard , or because something else obstructs the intestines ( a great quantity of it remaining in the great guts , especially in the colon ) occasions violent pain . gross cold and phlegmatick humours driven into the tunicles of the intestines , may occasion such pain , either by gnawing , if they are acrimonious or briney , or by chilling the part which is consequently bound up thereby , and much disordered , ( as galen says , when he was grievously afflicted with the colick , he evacuated a glassy sort of phlegm actually cold , ) or by emitting wind , which is easily elevated by a small heat from the gross viscid and clammy humour . lastly , cholerick and acrid humours , and also melancholy and acid by pricking and twiching the intestines , cause such pains . but it may be ask'd how it comes to pass , that in the action of these causes , the colick should have its exacerbations and remissions , the same matter remaining in the intestines , which as 't is present , should continually gnaw and distend . to which i answer , that sometimes that matter remains quiet , and so at that time occasions little or no pain ; but that at other times 't is moved and excited by various fermentations , which happen in the humours , as is usual in an epilepsie , hysterick fits , and the accession of fevers . but we must take notice that the wind or humours don't only reside in the cavity of the intestines , for then they would be easily excluded , by evacuating deterging and carminative medicines ; but for the most part insinuate themselves into the coats of the intestines , and for that reason they are difficultly removed ; and so the disease lasts longer , and can't be easily eradicated by the foresaid remedies . the gross and phlegmatick and melancholy humours flow by little and little through the veins of the intestines , into their substance , and so don 't presently cause pain , 'till there is a quantity sufficient to irritate nature for their expulsion ; and then being mov'd and exagitated , cause pain . or wind , occasion'd by them , and included in the coats of the intestines , distends and twitches them , and not easily getting out , occasions a lasting pain . also choler after the same manner pour'd through the veins of the intestines upon their coats , and imbib'd by them , causes violent pains , which are wont to be long and obstinate , because 't is difficultly removed from their substance . there is another species of a bilious colick which degenerates into a palsie , scarce known to the ancients , which proceeds from a bilious humour , not pour'd as the former upon the colon , but of a sudden upon the membranes of the abdomen , which is transferr'd thither , either from the gaul-bladder , or from the mesentery in the crisis of long fevers , or by reason of violent anger , or some other external cause , when because of obstructions , it can't be carried to the common passages , but by a preposterous motion is put off suddenly upon the foresaid membranes of the abdomen . and hence great pain arises like the colick , which yields neither to clysters nor to any other remedy , but continues for many months , by which the body wasts , and the sick is vex'd with a sort of intermittent fever , and often with a slow continual fever ; at length the pain remitting , a palsie succeeds , that humour leasurely creeping through the membranes of the abdomen , to the spine of the back . but this palsie chiefly possesses the upper parts ; yet there is most commonly a pain in the thighs and legs , and in some few the use of them is wholly taken away ; the choler by reason of its levity moving chiefly upwards ; and sometimes it breaks in upon the brain , and causes epileptick fits , from whence death generally follows . there are other causes of the colick , but less frequent , viz. stones growing in the guts , worms wound up in a bottom , and obstructing the intestines , a compression of the guts , by a tumour of the neighbouring parts , and the narrowness of them by reason of an inflamation , and other tumours of the guts , or a twisting of them , occasion'd by wind , which is next to an iliac passion ; and sometimes the matter which causes a colick is venomous and malignant , and so 't is a pestilential colick . as paulus aegineta relates , that a pestilential colick arising in italy , was very troublesom to many of the roman provinces . lastly , all hard bodies by obstructing the guts , or distending them , may occasion a colick , as stones generated in the guts , a great quantity of cherry stones , hard cheese , and the like . as platerus relates of a certain governour a long while troubl'd with the colick and convulsions , who after the use of clysters , evacuated a great quantity of hard cheese by stool , which had remain'd a long time in his guts ; for before he was sick , he eat of it immoderately . the external causes , are a cold constitution of the air pressing and hardening the belly , or a hot constitution which does likewise harden the excrements , for all their moisture is dry'd up by heat : the use of meat and drink unfit for the mans constitution , of crude and harsh fruits , and of gross meats of hard digestion , too much rest , immoderate sleep , unseasonable exercise , immoderate venery , and other external causes which may injure the concoction of the stomach . the diagnosticks in this disease are plain , for first the pain is violent ; for if it be small , it ought not to be called the colick ; and then the pain is wandering , sometimes it grievously afficts this part , sometimes that , so that sometimes it possesseth the region of the spleen , sometimes of the stomach or liver , or of the reins , sometimes 't is above , sometimes below the navel , and oftentimes 't is most violent in the left side , because in that part there is a narrowness first observ'd by bauhinus . for when the excrements in the upper and capacious part of the colon being hardened into great clods , agreeable to the capacity of it , are violently driven by the wind towards that narrow part , they can't pass through without great pain ; by reason of which symptom the colick is often taken for splenetick or nephritick pains ; neither are they easily distinguish'd when the signs of each are compared one with another . but sometimes the pain is more fixed and setled in one place , and like the boring of an auger . the patient often vomits , the stomach being affected by consent of parts , and phlegm is sometimes cast up , and sometimes choler , green as a leek , and like verdegrease : the pain is increas'd after eating , because the stomach being full , presses the guts . the belly is most commonly so bound , that the sick can evacuate nothing that way , not so much as wind ; but if any thing be evacuated naturally or by art , 't is chiefly windy , and like cow-dung , and swims upon the water , being for the most part phlegmatick ; for phlegm voided by stool , is wont to swim upon water and serous excrements : but sometimes the belly is so much bound when the pain is violent , that strong purging medicines will not work at all . the signs of the causes are distinguish'd after this manner . if the pain proceed from phlegm , 't is not so violent , unless it be accompained with wind , which can't break out of the places 't is contain'd in , for then the pain is violent , and sometimes remains in one part , and seems to bore as with an auger , and sometimes 't is in many parts , when the wind wanders about . the sick is eased by hot things , but is injur'd by cold things . a course of diet went before , apt to increase phlegm . the urine is crude and sometimes whitish , but not always which is wont to impose upon young and unskilful physicians , for sometimes in a phlegmatic and windy colick , the urine is yellow and red dish , by reason of the pain which inslames the humours contain'd in the veins and arteries . which avicen has wisely observ'd , he says , no one should deceive himself , by judging the disease is hot , from drouth , inflamation , and redness of the water , for ' that 's common to all . if the colick is occasion'd by wind , there is a stretching pain , and certain inflation of the belly : the sick perceive a great deal of wind , and a rumbling of the belly , they are much eased by breaking wind. a course of diet fit to breed wind went before , as unseasonable drinking of cold water , the frequent use of pulse , turneps , chesnuts , herbs and fruits , and the like . and if the wind be contain'd in the cavity of the intestines , the pain is wandering , and not fix'd to one place , and is renew'd by intervals ; but if it be kept in within the coats of the guts , the pain is fix'd , because the wind can't change its place , and is continual and obstinate , because it can't find vent . if the colick proceeds from an acrid and cholerick humour , 't is most sharp ; there 's a twiching and pricking heat , drouth , and for the most part a fever , and the urine is very cholerick , and the disease is increas'd by hot medicines and diet , and is mitigated by cold , and likewise by the excretion of cholerick matter , and a course of diet fit to breed choler went before . the pains of the other parts contain'd in the lower belly , are easily distinguish'd from the colick by their proper signs , except the nephritick pain , whose signs are so like those of the colick , that oftentimes the most skilful physician can't distinguish them , as galen confesses of himself , being afflicted with the colick pain , he thought 't was nephritick , by reason of a stone driven into one of the ureters , 'till the humour being evacuated by stool , and so the pain ceasing , he found 't was the colick . but by the following signs , these two diseases may be plainly distinguish'd , if they are accurately examin'd . first , the nephritick pain is fix'd in the kidny , and stretches it self from that to the testis , according to the length of the ureter ; but the colick is wandering , and painfuly girds the lower belly . secondly , the colick increases after eating , by reason of the pressure upon the gut by a full stomach ; but the nephritick pain is not at all increas'd after eating , but rather lessen'd , because some of the nutricious juice is carried to the reins , which somewhat asswages the pain . thirdly , in the colick , vomiting is more severe , and the belly is more bound , because the colon lies near the bottom of the stomach , and the intestines being full or violently provok'd , contract themselves , that they may expel the enemy ; but either of the symptoms is common to either of the diseases : so that the intension or remission of them , has a difficult diagnostick ; for the nephritick pain being intense , may occasion greater vomiting , and bind the belly more than a remiss colick . fourthly , in the colick , the patient is more eas'd by vomiting and going to stool , than in nephritick pains . fifthly , in the nephritick pain , the urine is first clear and thin , afterwards something settles to the bottom , and at length sand or gravel is evacuated : but in the colick the urine is thicker , from the beginning . as to the prognosticks , the colick most commonly , if it be gentle and remiss , and not very lasting , and not fix'd in one part , and intermits , and does not wholly stop the belly , is curable and without danger . but if the pain be violent and fix'd to one part , and does not intermit , and if nothing be evacuated by stool , and if the patient can't sleep ; and lastly , if vomiting , hickocks , delirium , coldness of the extream parts , and cold sweats follow , the disease is deadly . an obstinate colick from acrid matter , especially occasion'd by choleric matter , often degenerates into other most dreadful diseases , as to the gout or epilepsie , but oftner to the palsie . a contagious pestilential and epidemick colick is most commonly deadly . the cure of this disease must be varied according to the variety of the causes . and first , there is the same way of cure for a windy and phlegmatick colick : you must begin with an emollient clyster , and afterwards you must give a carminative and discutient clyster , which must be repeated twice , thrice , or four times in a day , till the pain be gone . but if after the use of one or two clysters , the sick does not go to stool , as sometimes it happens , the belly must be irritated by a sharp suppository ; but 't is convenient to add to one of the clysters ℥ iiij of the aq. benedicta , or ʒij , or ʒiij of coloquintida may be boil'd in an emollient and carminative clyster . if clysters don't give ease , you must not obstinately persist in the use of them ; but 't is better to use some gentle medicine . it has been observ'd , that when a sick person has taken without any success thirty clysters , another physician having given only ℥ iss of manna , with ℥ ij of oyl of almonds in fat hen broth , has cur'd the patient : but in that pain which proceeds from thick flegm , stronger medicines must be given . afterwards fomentations , ointments , baths , plasters , and other remedies , are useful ; to which must be added some specificks very proper in this disease . wash the guts of a wolf in white-wine , and afterwards dry them in a furnace , in an earthen vessel , till they may be powder'd , let the sick take ʒi of this powder in white-wine , it presently eases pain . boil simple water , and when 't is boiling hot , add a fourth part of common oyl , and some grains of pepper grosly beaten ; let the sick take three or four spoonfuls as hot as he can bear it , the pain will be gone as 't were in a moment . take of the best aloes ʒi , of laudanum opiatum , gr . iv , of diagridium , gr . vi , mingle them , make six pills , guild them . let the sick take them at a convenient time , they give ease in an hours time , and afterwards purge off the noxious humours . instead of the pills , a potion may be taken , made of ℥ ss of diaph●enicon , and ℈ ij of philonium romanum , in the water or decoction of chamomil . hypocrates proposes a purge made of wild purslain and meconium . six ℥ of fresh oyl of sweet or bitter almonds taken , asswage the pain , and carry the marter sticking to the guts downwards , and mixt with the following things , it does a great deal of good . take of the oyl of almonds , or of some other oyl for poor people ℥ iiij , of generous wine ℥ i , of syrup of poppies ℥ i , mingle them , make a potion . oyl of sweet almonds also taken with manna in fat broth , asswages the pain , and evacuates the peccant matter . the seed of ammi powder'd , and ʒi of it given in wine , soon takes off the pain , and being given a second time , it most commonly cures the disease ; a cataplasm of ℥ iij of turpentine being apply'd with stupes at the same time , to which must be added of the sinapisatum piperis , and of dragons blood , each ʒi . paracelsus's galbanetum is proper to discuss the humour , if the whole belly be anointed with it : this description of it is propos'd by crato . take of gum eleme , of ivy , of galbanum , of oyl of lawrel , each equal parts , distil them in a retort in sand ; keep what comes over apart , first the water , then the clear oyl , afterwards the thick oyl like hony , which must be used first . take of calamus aromaticus ℥ i , of galangal ʒiij , of the yellow of the outward peel of oranges ℥ iiij , of choice cinamon , of anise and fennel seeds each ʒiij , of cummin seed ʒvi , of fresh juniper berries ℥ ss , of lawrel berries ʒiij , let them be finely powder'd and infus'd in vi th of malago sack , let them stand in a warm place for vi days , afterwards distill them in b. m. the dose is ℥ i evacuations going before . gum caragna and tacamahaca may be conveniently apply'd to the belly , and before they are put on , a cupping-glass may be apply'd t●●he navel . and tho the foresaid plaisters are not apply'd , yet the cupping-glass ought to be apply'd to the navel , which galen says , does like a charm , remove the pain occasion'd by wind. if the disease is lasting , it may be successfully treated with the decoction of guaiacum continued for many days , purging now and then , and injecting clysters frequently ; but if the colick proceed from glassy phlegm , boil the guaiacum with wine , as amatus lucitanus us'd it with good success . the pain being quieted , an apozem evacuating phlegm is to be prescrib'd , by which the reliques of the disease may be carried off , or instead of that , a decoction of an old cock , compounded of such things as purge and attenuate . a bilious colick is cur'd by emollient clysters , and with such things as attemperate the acrimony of the humours . let the belly be fomented with an emollient and anodyne decoction , or which is better , let a semicupium be prepar'd of the same decoction . a cataplasm will also be convenient , prepar'd with barly-meal , and flax-seed boil'd in oyl of camomel , and apply'd to the bottom of the belly . also a cooling epithem compounded after this manner , to be apply'd to the region of the liver , will be proper : take of the juice of endive , of cichory , each thss . of the juice of lettice and rose-vinegar each ℥ ij , mingle them , make an epithem . give juleps of the water of erratic poppy , of lettice and sorrel , with the syrups of violets , of apples , and of lemons . if the pain is very violent we must use narcoticks . the pain being somewhat mitigated , an infusion of rubarb in cichory-water is to be given , with syrup of roses , and to be repeated often , till the stock of matter is evacuated . if gentle purging be not sufficient to eradicate the disease , we must use mercurius dulcis , which being given sometimes with purging medicines , that have diagridium in them , perfects the cure. they that dislike diagridium may give mercurius dulcis alone , made into pills with conserve of roses , drinking upon them an infusion of rubarb and senna , with manna and syrup of roses added to it . afterwards 't will be convenient to use tunbridge , or such like water . when the pain is violent , we must fly to baths and laudanum , with which catharticks may be sometimes given , but in a large dose , because the quality is much blunted by laudanun . paracelsus's galbanetum , tho 't is hot , is proper to discuss the humour , if the whole belly is anointed with it ; the description of it is above . bleeding is sometimes proper in this sort of colick , when there is danger , lest the violence of the heat should occasion a fever ; but if there be a fever already , 't is presently to be us'd . when there 's a great drouth , cold water must be given , according to galen's instruction ; and amalus lusitanus says , he wonderfully cur'd of a sudden , such a pain by the use of it ; and septalius declares in two observations , that he us'd it inwardly and outwardly with great success . for the cure of a colick that degenerates into a palsie , put the patient into a warm bath , made of a decoction of emollient things , the belly being loosen'd with various clysters , and the first passages open'd by catharticks . the patient must be bath'd twice , thrice , or four or five times in a day , that the acrimony of the humours may be attemperated , and that the pores of the membranes may be open'd . the next day let the humour be purg'd with some proper cathartick , and then the bath must be repeated ; and so you must do every other day , if the patient be able to bear it , till the humours being purg'd off , and the pain quieted , he is recover'd . in the mean while , you must continue the use of clysters ; but those made of milk are best to asswage the pain ; to which you may add cassia , oyl of violets , and oyl of lillies . let the belly be frequently anointed with oyl of chamomel , of dill , sweet almonds , lillies , and with butter . lastly , use whey and tunbridge-waters , or the like : and if the disease continue a long while , those things may be used which are proper to cure hypocondrical melancholy . and bleeding is to be us'd at the beginning of the disease , and before purging , and to be often repeated , if the bloud seem to be bad , or if something of a rheumatism seem to be join'd with it . lastly , all those remedies which are propos'd for the cure of the bilious colick , may be used in this case ; and if these things do no good , some physicians prescribe the following potion , which though it be loathsom , and won't go down with the delicate , yet they say it presently mitigates the pain . take of horse-dung ℥ i , crumble it into small pieces , and infuse it in lb i of erratic poppy water , to which add viij or x drops of spirit of wine ; stram it gently , and divide it into three doses , to be taken at the times in which the pain is most violent . but if the disease degenerate into a palsie , you must use to the spine of the back , and the paralitick parts , some resolvent balsom , and such a one as strengthens the nerves if there be a fever . but if there be no fever , you may apply wool dipt in oyl or ointment to the paralitick parts , taking great care that the patient does not catch cold , for by that means the humour will be more fix'd upon the part , and the perspiration of it will be hinder'd . paracelsus's galbanetum is very useful in this case , if it be apply'd to the foresaid parts , and also to the navel . chap. ii. of the bilious colick of the years 1670 , 71 , 72. in all these years the blood was much inclin'd to put off upon the bowels hot and cholerick humours , upon which account this colick was more frequent than is usual : the same febrile symptoms preceeded this disease as us'd to go before the dysentery that reign'd in those times ; and sometimes this disease follow'd the dysentery , when it had a long while afflicted the patient , and was just about to leave him . but when it did not follow a long dysentery , it generally took its rise from a fever , which after some hours was wont to end in this disease . it chiefly siez'd young people of a hot and cholerick constitution , especially in the summer . the pain of the bowels was extreamly violent , and more intollerable than any other that afflicts poor mortals . it sometimes binds as it were the guts , and sometimes being contracted to a point , it bores like an auger . the pain now and then remits , and presently the fit approaches again , which as soon as the patient perceives , he looks sadly , and bemoans himself as if 't were actually upon him . at the beginning of this disease , the pain is not so certainly determin'd to one point , as in the progress of it ; neither is the vomiting so frequent , neither does the belly so obstinately resist catharticks ; but the more the pain is increas'd , the more pertinaciously is it fix'd in a point , the vomiting is more frequent , and the belly more bound , till at length by the dreadful force of these symptoms , a total inversion of the peristaltick motion of the guts , ( if the patient be not soon relieved , ) and by consequence an iliac passion is procur'd ; in which disease all purging medicines become presently emetick , and clysters that are injected , are vomited up with the excrements . the matter that is cast up after this manner , if it be sincere and without mixture , is sometimes green , and sometimes yellow , and sometimes of an unusual colour . now seeing every phaenômenon of this disease shews plainly that it proceeds from some acrid humour , or vapour put off by the blood upon the intestines ; this in my opinion is the chief curative indication , namely , that the said humour should be evacuated , as well that which is antecedently in the veins , as that which is contain'd in the guts ; and the next to this is , that the force of the humours tending thither ▪ should be restrained by the use of anodines ▪ and that the violent pain should be mitigated by them . therefore i order that blood should be freely taken from the arm , if no blood has been taken away before ; and after two or three hours , i give an anodine . the next day i prescribe some gentle purge , and to be repeated the next day save one , and sometimes thrice , according as the relicks of the humour are more or less . but we must take notice , that if this disease proceed from eating too much fruit , or from any meat of hard digestion , upon which account ill and corrupted juices are first transmitted to the blood , and afterwards to the bowels , i say in this case the stomach must be wash'd with large draughts of posset-drink , which must be vomited up again ; which being done , an anodine is to be given , and the next day a vein must be open'd ; and as to other things , you must proceed according to the directions above-mention'd . but when the violence of the pain , and the vomiting ( by reason of which the guts are as it were inverted ) do resist the operation of the catharticks , they must be made stronger ; for 't is in vain to give a gentle cathartick , unless the patient is easily purg'd , which must be carefully enquir'd into ; for such a medicine being not strong enough to make its way through the intestines , the patient is more injur'd thereby ; for by its ineffectual agitation , the vomiting and the pain is increased . a lenitive cathartick potion , of the infusion of tamarinds , of the leaves of senna and rubarb , in which may be dissolved manna , and syrup of roses , is to be preferr'd before other catharticks , for it least exagitates and moves the humours . but if the sick can't retain a liquid medicine , by reason of an aversion , or because of the vomiting , you must necessarily use pills , among which the pill cochia pleases me best , for they pass best through the body in this and in most other cases . but when the weakness of the stomach , or the vomiting is so great , that the pills can't be retain'd , then i first order an anodine , and a few hours after a purge ; but there must be so much space betwixt them , that the cathartick be not quell'd by the narcotick , and so render'd ineffectual ; but that it may continue so long in the stomach , as is necessary for its imparting its purgative ▪ quality to it , that it may operate when the virtue of the narcotick is spent ; though the purge if it could be conveniently done , is best given a long while after the anodine ; for twelve hours after taking it , the patient is difficultly purg'd . but because in this as well as in most other diseases , in which narcoticks are indicated , a purge always increases the pain ( at least when it has done working , for while 't is in operation , the patient is not so ill , ) therefore i usually give an anodine as soon as the purge has done working , which i order to be taken morning and evening daily , viz. in the middle spaces betwixt the purges , that i may the more certainly appease the pain till the patient has been sufficiently purg'd . the purging of the humours being over , i endeavour to bridle the fury of the disease , ( which now only remains to be done , ) by giving an anodine constantly morning and evening , which must be sometimes repeated oftner ; nor cou'd i ever take off violent pains , without a larger dose than is usual , and that repeated too ; for that which is sufficient to vanquish another disease , will be altogether insufficient in this case , the violence of the disease subduing the force of the medicine : and 't is indeed safe to repeat narcoticks , while such a pain as this continues violent , but not when 't is gone off . wherefore i repeat the anodine according to the degree of the pain , till it ceases , or till it be very much lessen'd ; yet there must be such a space of time between them , that i may find what may be hop'd for from the former dose , before i give another : but for the most part , unless the pain be very violent , a paregorick given morning and evening may be sufficient . liquid laudanum is the anodine i chiefly use , of which i give sixteen drops in some cordial water , or the dose may be increas'd according to the violence of the pain . this plain method by which first the peccant matter is evacuated by bleeding and purging , and then ease procur'd by the help of narcoticks , succeeded better in my practice , than any other i ever knew ; whereas carminative clysters , injected in order to exterminate the acrid humours , do only stir the coals , and render the disease more lasting , by the tumult they raise in the humours . but here i must admonish you , that though i have said bleeding and purging must necessarily precede this quieting method , yet sometimes upon occasion both being omitted , you must begin with anodines . for instance , when by reason of some preceding sickness , large evacuations have been us'd not long before the coming of the colick , ( for many times they who have recover'd of another disease , have fell suddenly into this , by reason of a weakness of the bowels , especially if there be a great degree of heat , occasion'd by drinking of wine , or some other spirituous liquor immoderately , ) i say in this case , 't is not only unnecessary , but i think 't is injurious to give catharticks again , for by them new tumults will be rais'd . moreover the guts are most commonly sufficiently cleans'd by clysters , frequently us'd before the physician is advis'd with ; so that partly for this cause , and partly by reason of the long continuance of the disease , narcoticks seem in a manner to be only useful . in august , 1671 , the noble baron annesly being afflicted with the bilious colick , with intolerable pain , and frequent vomiting for some days , sent for me to the castle of belvoir ; he had try'd all sorts of clysters and other remedies , by the prescription of learn'd and experienc'd physicians living thereabout . i advis'd without any more adoe , the repeated use of narcoticks , according to the method just deliver'd , by which he recover'd in a few days , and came to town well with me . but because this pain of its own nature is wont to return more than any other , all occasions of its relapse must be prevented , by giving an anodine twice a day for some days : but if as often as the narcotick is intermitted , the pain now and then returns , as it sometimes happens , i don't know any thing that will so certainly perfect the cure , as riding on horse-back , or in a coach , with which the patient must take long journies ▪ and in the mean while an anodine must be given constantly morning and evening ; for by this kind of exercises , the matter causing the disease , is remov'd to the habit of the body , and the blood being broke into small parts by perpetual agitation , is as it were depurated again , and at length the intestines are much strengthen'd and refresh'd by this way of stirring up the natural heat . nor am i asham'd to confess , that by the help of this exercise , i have more than once perfectly cur'd this disease , when i was not able to cure it any other way ; but this must not be us'd before the patient has been well purg'd , and then he must continue the use of it for many days . one of my poor neighbours who is now living , was afflicted in these years with a most violent bilious colick , who a long time endeavour'd , but in vain , to conquer the disease by catharticks , clysters , and leaden bullets swallow'd down ; i order'd him to use narcoticks frequently , which he did with good success , for as often as he us'd them , he found himself very easie ; but seeing the disease was only palliated with these things and not extirpated ( for it return'd assoon as the vertue of the narcotick was spent , ) i took pity upon the man , being grievously afflicted with this disease , and also with poverty , and lent him one of my horses , that he might go a journy as above directed , and having travelled a few days , the bowels grew so strong , as to be able to shake off the relicks of the disease , and so he perfectly recover'd , without the help of anodines . and to speak the truth , i have known this kind of exercise has been always us'd with admirable success in most other chronical diseases , if the patient continued it resolutely . for if we consider with our selves , that the lower belly in which are plac'd the organs of secretion , are much shaken by this exercise , perhaps some thousands of times in a day , we shall easily believe that they are able by the help of the foresaid exercise , to shake off any excrementitious juice that is impacted there ; and ( which is of greater moment yet , ) that they are so corroborated by that powerful excitation of the native heat , that they may duly perform that office of purifying the blood which nature has appointed them . if the patient be young , and of a hot constitution , i order a cooling and thickening diet , suppose pulp of barly , panada , and the like , and every third day if the stomach is craving , a chick , or a whiting boyl'd . i allow no other drink than small-beer , or milk-water : and this is all i order , unless riding necessary to recover the health , requires more nourishing food , and more generous liquor , by which the spirits exhausted by exercise may be repair'd . but when the disease being unskilfully treated has a long while afflicted the patient , so that the bowels become weak and infirm , and he is in a manner quite wasted , i say in this case we find by experience , that the free use of epidemick water , or of aq. mirabilis , or of any other the patient likes best , relieves him at this time beyond expectation ; for by this means the small relicks of the native heat and the spirits will be excited , and the preternatural ferment sticking to the bowels , and now and then occasioning new fits , will be extinguish'd by spirituous liquors . moreover as in the cure of the disease , so when 't is over , the thin diet we have mention'd must be observ'd for some time ; for this disease being more apt to return than any other , and seating it self upon the principle parts for concoction ( i mean the bowels already weaken'd by it ) the least error of this kind will presently occasion much pain . wherefore in this and all other diseases of the bowels , meats of hard digestion are carefully to be avoided , and things of easie digestion must be taken only in such a quantity as will suffice to sustain life . a certain kind of hysterical disease afflicts some women , very like the bilious colick , both as to the sharpness and situation of the pain , and also upon the account of the humours ejected by vomit , of a yellow and green colour : i will treat of it by the by , lest any one should take it for the bilious colick just now mention'd . those women that are of a laxe and crude habit of body , are chiefly afflicted with this disease , and they that have lately labour'd under some other hysterick indisposition , ( or which is very often ) those that have scarce evaded a difficult and hard labour , in bringing forth a large child , whereby the mothers nature and strength has been almost spent . a pain as violent almost as that of the colick or iliack passion , seizes the region of the stomach ; and sometimes it comes a little lower , and then violent vomitings follow , and the matter which is cast up , is sometimes yellow , and sometimes green ; and moreover ( which i have often observ'd , ) there 's a greater dejection of spirit and desperation than in any other disease whatever . after a day or two the pain goes off , and returns again a few weeks after as violent as 't was before . sometimes 't is accompanied with the jaundice , which is very visible , and which goes off of its own accord in a few days . when all the symptoms are gone off , and when the patient seems very well , the smallest disorder of the mind , whether it be occasion'd by anger or sorrow ( to both which in this case women are very prone , ) almost recalls the pain , which may be said of walking or any other exercise us'd too soon ; for by these means vapours are elevated in a laxe and weak habit of body . when according to the vulgar opinion , i say , vapours , whether they be so or no , or whether they are convulsions of particular parts , the phaenomena may be solved either way . these vapours or convulsions when they invade this or that region of the body , produce symptoms agreeable to the part they invade ; and though they are one and the same disease every where , yet they cunningly resemble most of the diseases mankind is expos'd to , which is manifest from this symptom , which when it seizes upon the parts near the colon , imitates exactly the bilious colick , which is also as apparent in many other parts of the body afflicted with this disease . for instance , sometimes it seizes one of the kidneys with a violent pain , from whence arises violent vomiting , and being oftentimes convey'd by the passage of the ureter , it resembles the stone ; and being exasperated by clysters and other lithontriptick medicines design'd to force away the stone , it afflicts the patient in the same manner a long while , and sometimes ( contrary to its nature , for left to it self , 't is no way dangerous ) kills the patient . i have seen moreover symptoms occasion'd by it , exactly resembling the stone in the bladder . not long agoe i was call'd up in the night to visit a countess , my neighbour , seiz'd suddenly with a violent pain in the region of the bladder , and with a suppression of urine ; and having known that she was subject to various hysterick indispositions , i suppos'd the disease was not that they imagin'd , and therefore i would not suffer a clyster that her maid had prepared to be injected , lest the disease should be increas'd thereby ; and instead of this and emollients , namely syrup of marsh mallows and the like , which the apothecary had brought , i order'd a narcotick , which soon took off that symptom . and indeed there is not one part of the body wholly secur'd from the assaults of this disease , whether they are internal or external , as the jaws , hips and legs ; in all which it excites violent pain , and when it goes off , leaves a tenderness behind , which will not bear touching , just as if the flesh was bruis'd with violent strokes . but now seeing i have deliver'd some things by the by , appertaining to the history of the hysterick colick , lest it should be mistaken for the bilious colick , i will transiently ▪ touch upon some things relating to the cure of the symptom of pain which accompanies it . for the perfect cure which takes off the disease , by removing the cause , comes under another speculation , and belongs to another place . bleeding and purging repeated , which are plainly indicated at the beginning of a bilious colick , are not to be used here , unless in the case to be mention'd by and by ; for experience teaches , that the pain is exasperated , and that all the symptoms increase by reason of the tumult which those things occasion ; and i have more than once observ'd , that the repetition of the gentlest clysters have brought on a long series of symptoms . and reason as well as experience dictates , that this disease is rather produced by an inordinate motion of the spirits , than by vicious humours , if we consider what things most commonly occasion it ; and they are such as these , large and unnecessary profusions of blood , violent motions of the mind and body , and such like : all which forbid those remedies by which a greater disturbance of the spirits may be occasion'd ; and instead of them anodines are to be us'd , though the green and ill colour of the matter vomited up may seem to indicate the contrary ; for the speculation of colours is too nice to authorize those evacuations , which we find ipso facto injurious . and i don 't at all doubt that this disease ( which though it occasion violent pain , is no way mortal , ) has prov'd deadly by reason of errors committed upon the belief of such speculations . moreover if any one should give the strongest vomit to day , to eject that which he supposes to be the occasion of the disease , yet the next day the patient would vomit up matter quite as green or of some other ill colour , as was the former . but we must take notice , that there is sometimes so great a quantity of blood and humours which so resists the operation of the narcotick , that though it be often repeated , it can't quell the tumult , till the patient is blooded and purg'd , which i have observ'd in women of a very sanguine constitution , and in virago's . if the case is so , bleeding or purging , or perchance both , must make way for the anodine ; for either of these being us'd , a moderate dose of the narcotick will perform the business , which otherwise would signifie nothing , though the largest dose was given : but this seldom happens , and then these remedies must not be repeated ; and when they are us'd when there is need of them , you must proceed in giving anodines in that method which i have propos'd in the bilious colick , and they must be taken often or seldom , according to the degrees of pain . which method indeed respects only the symptom of violent pain ; for i don 't now undertake to treat of that method which takes off the cause . but for as much as this disease in hypocondriacal as well as hysterical people , ( for the reason is the same in both , as is said in another place , ) often ends in the jaundice , and as this comes on , so that goes off ; we must take notice , that in curing this kind of jaundice , all catharticks are either wholly to be omitted , or if they are given , you must use only ▪ rubarb or some other gentle purge ▪ for there 's danger lest by purging , new tumults should arise , and so all the symptoms return . and therefore in this case , nothing must be done presently , seeing the jaundice taking its rise on this account , generally lessens of its own accord , and wholly vanishes in a short time ; but if it continues a long while , and seems to go off difficulty , remedies must be taken for it : i use the following . take of the roots of madder , of curcuma , each ℥ i , of all the greater celandine , and of the tops of the lesser centauris , each m i ; boil them in equal parts of rhenish wine , and of fountain water , to lb ij , in the straining dissolve ℥ ij of the syrup de quinq . radicibus , mingle them , make an apozem ; let the patient take lb ss morning and evening , till he 's well . but if the jaundice comes of it self , the colick not going before , 't is necessary besides the alteratives just mentioned , to give cholagoges , that is , such things as purge choler by stool , namely once or twice before the patient enters upon the apozem prescrib'd , and afterwards once a week as long as he takes it . as take of the electuary of the juice of roses ʒij , of rubarb finely powder'd ʒss , of cream of tartar ℈ i , make a bolus with a sufficient quantity of syrup of rubarb , with cichory ; give it early in the morning , and let the patient drink upon it a small draught of rhenish wine . but if notwithstanding the constant taking of these things a long while , the disease continues obstinate , the patient must drink tunbridge water or such like , from the fountain every morning 'till he recovers . chap. iii. of the hysterick disease . this disease if i calculate right , is the most frequent of all chronical diseases , and as fevers with those diseases that appertain to them , if they are compar'd with chronical taken all together make two thirds , so hysterical diseases ( at least those that go under that name , ) are half the remaining third ; that is , chronical diseases are half hysterick , for very few women ( which sex contains the half of grown people ) are wholly free from all kinds of hysterick diseases , if you except those who being accustomed to labour , live hardly . yea , many of those men that live sedentary lives , and are wont to study hard , are afflicted with the same disease . and though heretofore hysterical symptoms were always reckon'd to proceed from a vitious womb , yet if we compare hypocondriacal symptoms which we are supposed to proceed from obstructions of the spleen or bowels , or from some other i know not what obstructions , with womens hysterick symptoms , an egg is scarce more like an egg , than these symptoms are one another in all respects . but it must be confess'd that women , are much more subject to this kind of disease than men , not for that the womb is more faulty than any other region of the body , but for causes to be shewn by and by . nor is this disease only frequent , but so wonderfully various , that it resembles almost all the diseases poor mortals are subject to , for whatever part it seats it self in , it presently produces such symptoms as appertain to it ; and unless the physician is very sagacious and very skilful , he will be mistaken , and suppose that those symptoms proceed from some essential disease of this or that part , and not from an hysterical distemper . sometimes for instance , it possesses the head , and occasions an apoplexy , which also ends in an hemiplegy , and is exactly like that apoplexy by which corpulent and antient people are destroy'd , and which happens by reason the passages of the animal spirits are stopt , the cortex of the brain being stuffed by a great deal of phlegm , from which cause the apoplexy that happens to hysterical women , does no way seem to arise , for it seizes such very often presently after delivery , a great quantity of blood being at the same time evacuated , or it 's occasion'd by hard labour , or some violent commotion of the mind . sometimes it produces violent convulsions , very like an epilepsie , the belly and bowels swelling towards the throat , the patient strugling so violently , that though at other times her strength is but ordinary , she now can scarce be held by all the strength of the by standers , uttering some odd and inarticulate sounds , and striking her breast . women who are accustom'd to this disease , commonly call'd mother fits , are generally extraordinary sanguine , and have an habit of body almost like that of a virago . sometimes it possesses the outward part of the head betwixt the pericranium and skull , causing violent pain continually fix'd in one part , which may be cover'd with the top of your thumb ; and violent vomiting accompanies this pain . i call this species , clavus hystericus , chiefly afflicting those that have a chlorosis . sometimes falling upon the vital parts , it occasions so great a palpitation of the heart , that the women who are afflicted with it may verily believe that the by standers may hear the sound of the heart thumping upon the ribs ; this kind chiefly afflicts those that are of a thin habit of body , and of a weak constitution , and who look almost tabid ; and also young maids that have the green sickness . sometimes it seizes the lungs , and the patient coughs almost without intermission , but expectorates nothing ; and though this sort of cough don't shake the breast so violently as that which is convulsive , yet the explosions are much more frequent : but this kind of hysterick cough is very rare , and chiefly invades women that abound with phlegm . sometimes rushing violently upon the colon , and the region under the scrobiculum cordis , it occasions violent pain , much like the iliac passion , and the woman vomits exceedingly , ejecting a certain green matter , somewhat like that they call porraceous bile , and sometimes of an unusual colour . and often after the sick has been almost destroy'd by the said pain , ( which would tire a stoical apathy , ) and reachings to vomit for many days , at length the fit is carried off by the jaundice , tincturing the superficies of the body like saffron . moreover the sick is oppressed by an anguish of mind , and wholly despairs of recovery , with dejection of mind , and as it were a certain desparation which as certainly accompanies ( as i have observ'd ) this kind of hysterick diseases , as the pain and vomiting above mention'd . this kind chiefly invades those that are of a laxe and crude habit of body , and those that have suffer'd much in bringing forth great children . when this disease falls upon one of the kidneys , it plainly represents by the pain it causes there , a nephritick paroxism , and not only by that sort of pain , and by the place it rages in , but also by violent vomitings , which accompany it , and also for that sometimes the pain extends it self through the passage of the ureter ; so that 't is very difficult to know whether these symptoms proceed from the stone , or from some hysterick disease , unless perchance some unlucky accident disturbing the womans mind a little before she was taken ill , or the vomiting of green matter , shews that the symptoms rather proceed from an hysterick disease , than from the stone . neither is the bladder free from this false symptom , for it does not only cause pain there , but it also stops the urine , just as if there were a stone , whereas there is none . but this last kind seizing the bladder , happens very seldom ; but that which resembles the stone in the kidnies is not so rare : both us'd to invade those women who are much weaken'd by hysterick fits coming frequently ▪ and whose health of body is much impair'd . sometimes falling upon the stomach , it causes continual vomiting , and sometimes a diarrhaea , when 't is setled upon the guts ; but no pain accompanies either of those symptoms , tho oftentimes in both , that green humour appears : both these kinds are familiar with those that are much weaken'd by hysterick fits coming frequently . and as this disease afflicts almost all the inwards parts , so sometimes it also seizes the outward parts , and the musculous flesh , occasioning pain , and sometimes a tumour in the jaws , shoulders , hands , thighs and legs , in which kind that tumour which swells the legs is more conspicuous than the rest ; but whereas in hydropical tumours these two things may be always taken notice of , namely , that the swelling is most in the evening , and that the finger press'd upon it , leaves a pit. in this tumour the swelling is most in the morning , neither does it yield to the finger , or leave any mark behind it ; and for the most part it only swells one of the legs . as to other things , if you mind the largeness of it , or its superficies , 't is so very like hydropical swellings , that the patient can scarce be brought to believe 't is any other disease . neither can the teeth free themselves from the assaults of this disease , though they are not hollow , and though there 's no apparent defluxion that may occasion the pain , yet is it no whit gentler , nor shorter , nor easier cured . but those pains and tumours which afflict the outward parts , chiefly seize those women that are in a manner quite destroy'd by a long series of hysterick paroxisms , and by the force of them . but among all the torments of this disease , there 's none so common as a pain in the back , which most certainly all feel , how little soever they are afflicted with this disease . moreover this is common to the foresaid pains , that the place on which they were , will not bear touching after they are gone , but is tender , and akes , just as if 't were soundly beaten ; but this tenderness goes off by degrees . and this is worth observing , that often a notable cold of the external parts , makes way for these symptoms , which for the most part does not go off till the fit ends ; which cold i have observ'd is almost like that by which a carkas grows stiff , yet the pulse are good . and moreover , almost all hysterick women which i have hitherto taken care of , complain of a dejection and sinking of the spirits ; and when they wou'd shew the place where this contraction or sinking of the spirits is , they point to the region of the lungs . lastly , every one knows that hysterick women sometimes laugh excessively , and sometimes cry as much , without any real cause for either . but among all the symptoms that accompany this disease , this is the most proper , and almost inseparable , namely a urine as clear as rock water ; and this hysterick women evacuate plentifully , which i find by diligent inquiry , is in almost all the pathognomonic sign of this disease which we call hysterick in women , and hypocondriack in men ; and i have sometimes observ'd in men , that presently after making water of a citron colour , ( yea almost the next moment ) being suddenly seized with some violent commotion of the mind , they presently make water as clear as crystal , and in a great quantity , with a continued violent stream , and continue ill 'till the urine comes to its wonted colour , and then the fit goes off . and it happens to all hysterical and hypocondriacal people , that sometimes they belch up ill fumes as often as they eat , though they eat only moderately , and according as they have an appetite ; and sometimes the wind that comes from the stomach is sour , just like vinegar when it comes into the mouth , the concoction being much impair'd , and the juices quite differing from their natural state . neither are they unhappy upon this account only , viz. that their bodies are so ill affected , and as it were tottering like ruinated houses just about to fall ; for their minds are more diseased than their bodies , for an incurable desparation is mix'd with the very nature of the disease ; they are in a great rage when any one speaks never so little of the hopes he has conceived of their recovery , easily believing that they suffer all the miseries that can befal a man , foreboding the most dreadful things to themselves , entertaining in their restless and anxious breasts upon a slight occasion , or perhaps for none at all , fear , anger , jealousie , suspicions , and worse passions of the mind if any can be worse , abhoring all joy , hope and mirth , and if any one of these do chance to occur , 't is rara avis , and soon flies away , and does no less exagitate the mind , than the sorrowful passions ; so that they never observe a mean , constant only to inconstancy : sometimes they love beyond measure , and presently hate the same without any cause ; sometimes they design to do this or that , then presently alter their intentions , and begin the quite contrary , and yet they don't perform that neither ; so wavering are they , that their minds can't be at all at rest ; and that which the roman orator said of the superstitious , exactly agrees with these melancholy ▪ people ▪ sleep ( says he ) seems to be a refuge for the laborious and careful , but from thence cares and fears arise . whilst only funerals and apparitions of their deceas'd friends are represented in dreams , and they are so tormented in body and mind , that one would think their lives were a purgatory , in which they were to purifie themselves , and to expiate crimes committed in some other state . nor does this happen only to mad people , but also to those who if you except these impetuosities of mind , are very prudent and judicious ▪ and who much excel for deep thought and wisdom in speech , others whose minds were never excited by these provokements to thinking , so that aristotle was much in the right , when he said melancholy people are most ingenious . but this dreadful condition of the mind which we have above describ'd , seizes on those only that have much and a long while conflicted with this disease , and have been at length wholly vanquish'd by it , especially if adversity , care or trouble of mind , or hard study or the like , joyn'd with an ill habit of body , have added oyl to the flame . a day would scarce be sufficient to reckon up all the symptoms belonging to hysterick diseases , so various are they , and so contrary one to the other , that proteus had not more shapes , nor the chamelion greater variety of colours : and i think democritus reckon'd pretty right ( though he mistook the cause of the disease , ) when he said in an epistle to hippocrates , that the womb was the cause of six hundred miseries , and of innumerable calamities . nor are they only very various , but also so irregular , that they can't be contain'd under any uniform type , which is usual in other diseases , for they are as it were a disorderly heap of phaenomena , so that 't is very difficult to write the history of this disease . the procatartick or external causes of this disease , are either violent motions of the body , or which is much oftner , vehement commotions of the mind from some sudden assault , either of anger or grief or the like passions ; therefore as often as women advise with me about this or that disorder of body , the reason of which can't be deduc'd from the common axioms , for finding out diseases , i always diligently inquire of them whether they are not chiefly afflicted with that indisposition which they complain of when they have been disturb'd in their minds and afflicted with grief , which if they confess , i am sufficiently satisfied that the disease must come under this tribe we are now speaking of , especially if urine as clear as chrystal evacuated copiously at some certain times , makes the diagnostick more manifest . but to these disorders of the mind which are usually the occasions of this disease , is to be added emptiness of the stomach by reason of long fasting , immoderate bleeding , and a vomit or a purge that work'd too much . now having drawn the picture of this disease according to its most vulgar phaenomena , in the next place its internal efficient causes are to be consider'd , as well as we can gather them from all the circumstances join'd together , which we have describ'd : and in my opinion those diseases which we call hysterical in women , and hypochondriacal in men ▪ proceed from a confusion of the spirits , upon which account , too many of them in a croud contrary to proportion , are hurry'd violently upon this or that part , occasioning convulsions and pain , when they rush upon parts endued with exquisite sense , perverting the functions of the organs , both of that , into which they thrust themselves , and also of that from whence they departed ; both being much injur'd by this unequal distribution , which is quite contrary to the oeconomy of nature . the origine and antecedent cause of this ataxy , is a weak constitution of the said spirits , whether it 's natural or adventitious ; for which reason , they are easily dissipated upon any occasion , and their system soon broke . for as the outward man is fram'd with parts obvious to sense , so without doubt the inward man consists of a due series , and as it were a fabric of the spirits , to be view'd only by the eye of reason ; and as this is nearly join'd , and as it were , united with the constitution of the body , so much the more easily or more difficultly is its frame disordered , by how much the constitutive principles that are allotted us by nature , are more or less firm : wherefore this disease seizes many more women than men , because kind nature has given them a more delicate and fine habit of body ▪ having design'd them only for an easie life , and to perform the tender offices of love : but she gave men robust bodies that they might be able to delve and manure the earth , to kill wild beasts for food , and the like . but that the said confusion of the spirits is the cause of this disease , the phaenomena now describ'd , will sufficiently prove ; the chief of which i will only mention . and i begin with mother-fits , here the spirits are crouded in the lower belly , and rushing together violently towards the jaws , occasion convulsions in every region through which they pass , blowing up the belly like a great ball ; which yet is nothing but the rowling together , or conglobation of the parts seiz'd with the convulsion , which can't be suppress'd without great violence . the external parts in the mean while , and the flesh being in a manner destitute of spirits , by reason they are carried another way , are often so very cold , not only in this kind , but in all other kinds of hysteric diseases ( as was noted above ) that dead bodies are not colder . but the pulse are as good as those of people that are well ; nor is the womans life in danger by this cold , unless 't is occasion'd by some very large evacuation going before . the same may be said of that violent hysteric disease , which to outward appearance is like the bilious colick or the iliack passion , in which the woman is seized with a violent pain in the region , about the scrobiculum cordis , together with violent vomiting , by which a matter is cast up , in colour like herbs , which symptom i suppose , proceeds only from a vehement impulse of the spirits crouded together in the said parts , which occasions the convulsion and pain , and the total subversion of all the faculties . nor is it to be presently concluded that this disease resides in the humours , because those things that are evacuated upward or downward , are sometimes of a green colour , or that the violent pain is occasion'd by the acrimony of some humour tearing the part it adheres to , which for that cause , we account the occasion of the disease , and therefore suppose it ought to be eradicated by vomits and purges ; for 't is manifest that the sickness which seizes people that go to sea , ( arising from the agitation of the animal spirits in the boisterous sea ) occasions the vomiting up of matter as green as an herb , from the stomacks of those that are in perfect health ▪ when they first go to sea , and are a good way from land ; in whom , half an hour before , there was none of that choler which is call'd porraceous . and don't infants in convulsive fits in which the animal spirits are chiefly concern'd , evacuate upward or downward , matter of the same colour , to which must be added that which almost daily experience teaches , viz. that tho' such women and children shou'd be quite exhausted by repeated purges , yet the said colour wou'd still appear in that which they evacuate by vomit or stool ; yea , the green matter increases by the frequent use of cathartick and emetick medicines , because by both , the confusion of the spirits is heightned , which i know not how either destroys or perverts the ferment of those parts , or throws into the stomach or guts , by the force of the convulsions , some juice of a strange nature , which is dispos'd to give the humours such a tincture . and tho' chymists are not so happy as to prepare better medicines in their fruitful glass , than are made in a mortar or a pipkin , yet they know how to please the vain humour of the curious , by shewing two liquors equally limpid and clear , which being mixt together , presently change into some deep colour , as if there was conjuring in the case . and truly the speculation of colours is so uncertain and vain , that we can learn nothing certainly from them , concerning the nature of the bodies they appear in ; nor does it more necessarily follow , that those things which are of a green colour shou'd be acrid , than that all acrid things shou'd be green . the thing therefore being throughly consider'd , it will plainly appear , that the violent pain which almost destroys those that are afflicted with the hysterick colick , and the evacuation of green matter , are wholly occasion'd by the spirits rushing impetuously upon the parts about the scrobiculum cordis , and contracting the same by convulsions . that symptom which i term'd above clavus hystericus , is to be attributed to this enormity of the spirits , in which the spirits in all the compass of the body , are as it were concentrated in a cercain point of the pericranium , occasioning a pain , boring as it were through ; just as if a nail was driven in to the head , together with violent vomiting and casting up of green matter , which contraction indeed , of all the spirits of the body as i were to a point , is somewhat like that collection of the raies of the sun , which is made by a burning glass : and as the force of these united , burns , so they for the same reason occasion pain , by tearing the membranes with their forces joind . and then from that inordinate agitation of the spirits disturbing the blood , arises that symptom , which as we have mention'd above , is frequent in hysterical and hypochondriacal people , viz. clear , limpid and copious urine : for when the oeconomy of the blood is interrupted , the sick can't long enough contain the serum that is imported , but lets it go before it 's impregnated with saline particles , by which the citron colour is to be imparted to it ; whereof we have a daily experiment in those that drink much , especially of thin and attenuating liquors , for then their urine is very clear , in which case the blood being overpower'd by that quantity of serum , and being wholly unable to retain it , puts it off quite clear , not yet dy'd by the juices of the body , by reason of its too short stay . three years ago a nobleman sent for me , he seem'd to labour under an hypochondriack colick , that was almost come to an iliack passion , with pain and violent vomiting , with which he was much and a long while afflicted and almost worn out : i observ'd through the whole course of the disease , that when he was worst his urine was always clear , but when he was a little better it was somewhat of a citron colour . visiting him one day , i view'd his urine made at three times , kept apart in three chamber-pots , of a citron colour ; he was then merry and chearful , and thinking of eating some meat of easie digestion , and he said he had a craving appetite ; but one coming in at that very moment , who vext him so much , that suddenly growing ill , he call'd for a chamber-pot , which he almost fill'd with urine as clear as chrystal . and perhaps that spitting which is common in hysterical women , proceeds from the spirits so disturbing the blood ; they spit thin for many weeks , just as if they were salivated by unction ; for during this disturb'd condition of the blood , in which 't is unable to perform evacuations according to natures method , the serum by chance taking this contrary course , is not evacuated according to the rules of nature by the reins , but is put off by the extremities of the arteries upon the glands , and so comes forth by the salivary passages in the form of spittle . the same may be said of those violent nocturnal sweats which afflict hysterical women , which proceed from no other cause than the ill disposition of the serum of the blood , by which 't is inclin'd to be put off upon the habit of the body . as to the cold by which the external parts are so often chill'd in hysterical diseases , 't is very manifest that that happens because the spirits forsaking their stations , too officiously intrude themselves into this or that part ; nor is it to be doubted that weeping and laughing fits , which often seize hysterical women withou any occasion , are procured by the animal spirits forcing themselves violently upon the organs , that perform these animal functions . and by the by , men are also subject ( tho' rarely ) to fits of weeping . i was sent for sometime ago to an ingenious gentleman , who but a few days before , recover'd of a fever ; he made use of another physician , who blooded him and purg'd him thrice , and forbid him to eat flesh : when i came and saw him with his cloaths on , and heard him discourse judiciously , i ask'd to what purpose i was sent for ? one of his friends answer'd , if i wou'd have a little patience i should see ; sitting down therefore , and discoursing with him , i presently observ'd that his lower lip was thrust out , and mov'd frequently ( as froward children us'd to do to prepare for crying ) and then wept so violently , that i scarce ever saw the like ; with such deep sighs as were almost convulsive : which suddain torrent in a little time quite asswag'd . i supposed that this disorder proceeded from a confusion of the spirits , which was occasion'd partly by the long continuance of the disease , and partly by evacuations which the method of cure necessarily requir'd ; and partly also from emptiness and abstinence from flesh ; which the physician order'd for some days after he was well , to secure him from a relaps . but i affirm'd he was clear from all danger of a fever , and that the foresaid symptom was wholly occasion'd by emptiness , and therefore i advis'd , that a roasted chick shou'd be provided for his dinner , and that he shou'd drink wine moderately ▪ which being done , and he returning again to the eating of flesh moderately , was never afterwards troubl'd with this convulsive weeping . and now at length to come to a conclusion , ( for i omit other phaenomena which belong to this disease ) that disturbance and varying intemperies both of body and mind , which prevails over hysterical and hypochondriacal people , is occasion'd by this inordination of the spirits ; for in both , that firmness of spirits being wanting , which is always found in the robust , and in those who are continually invigorated by the assistance of brisk spirits , they can't bear the impressions of cross accidents , but are soon mov'd by anger or pain , and are as apt to be angry , as those to whom either nature has given a soft and weak government of mind , or when it has been render'd so by a long series or continuance of diseases . for the strength and constancy of mind as long as 't is confin'd in the body , much depends on the firmness of the spirits that are subservient to it ; which indeed , are made of the finest matter , and are plac'd in the confines of immaterial entities ; and as the frame of the mind , if it 's lawful to call it so , is much more curious and delicate , than the structure of the body , for it consists in the harmony of the most excellent and almost divine faculties ; so if its constitution is any way spoil'd , by so much the greater is the ruin , by how much 't was more excellent and more exquisitely compos'd when 't was whole . and this indeed is the condition of these miserable and dejected people we have describ'd , for which disease , some obstinate decree of the most insolent stoick wou'd give no greater ease , than he that wou'd prevent the tooth-ach , by firmly resolving that he wou'd not by any means suffer his teeth to ake . and now i suppose that 't is manifest that this whole disease is occasion'd by the animal spirits being not rightly dispos'd , and not by seed and menstruous blood corrupted , ( as some authors assert ) and sending up malignant vapours to the parts affected ; nor from i know not what depravation of the juices or congestion of acrid humours as others think , but from those causes we have assign'd . for that the fomes of the disease don't lurk in matter , will plainly appear by this one instance , viz. a woman that us'd to enjoy perfect health being delicate , and of a thin habit of body , if she chance to be weaken'd and exhausted by some error , or by a strong vomit or purge , will certainly be afflicted with some one of those symptoms that accompany this disease ; which wou'd rather be remov'd than occasion'd by such vomiting or purging , if the fomes of the diseases was contain'd in a humour . the same may be said of a great loss of blood , whether it 's taken away by opening a vein , or flows immoderately in labour , or of emptiness , or too long abstinence from flesh ; all which would rather prevent hysteric diseases than occasion them , if the fomes of them was involv'd in some matter : whereas on the contrary , nothing does so constantly occasion this disease as these evacuations . but tho' 't is apparent enough that the original fomes of this disease , is not lodg'd in the humours , yet it must be confess'd that the confusion of the spirits produces putrid humours in the body , by reason the function as well of these parts which are distended by the violent impulse of the spirits , as of those which are depriv'd of them , are wholly perverted . and most of these being as it were separatory organs designed for the reception of the impurities of the blood , if their functions are any way hurt , it can't be but a great many feculencies will be heap'd up , which had been eliminated , and so the mass of blood purified , if the organs had perform'd their office ; which they had certainly done , if a due oeconomy of the spirits had invigorated them all . to this cause i attribute great cachexies , loss of appetite , a clorosis , and the white fever in young women , ( which i don 't at all doubt , is a species of hysteric diseases ) and the source of all the miseries that overwhelm poor women , that have languish'd a long while under this disease ; all which proceed from putrifying juices heapt up in the blood , and flowing from thence upon the various organs . of this kind is a dropsie of the womb in women , which have been long afflicted with this disease , occasion'd by deprav'd juices cast from the blood upon the organs , by which , their faculties being perverted , they first become barren , the oeconomy of the parts being wholly destroy'd , and then serum and sanies are generated , which don 't only stuff the eggs of the testes , but also insinuating themselves into the interstices of the coats , cause them to grow very big , which is perceiv'd by the dissection of those that dye of this disease : and the hysterical disposition , is the prime cause of these and other humours , though they are not of the same kind with it . as in a quartan ague , with which any one that 's perfectly well may be seized , if he continues two or three days in moorish and fenny places ; first some spirituous venom of the disease being imprinted upon the blood , which continuing a long while , and at length the oeconomy of nature being hurt , it infects all the juices of the body , and quite changes their dispositions ; so that the sick ( especially if he begins to grow old , ) is render'd obnoxious to cachexies and other distempers which come upon long agues ; yet these agues are not to be cured by those remedies that are proper to purge off such humours , but by such things as cure agues by a specifick quality . from all that has been treated of , it 's very manifest to me , that that 's the chief indication in this disease , which directs the corroboration of the blood that is the fountain and origine of the spirits ; which being done , the invigorated spirits can preserve that tenor that 's agreeable to the oeconomy of the whole body , and the particular parts . and therefore when the ataxy of the spirits ( which we have allow'd above may be ) has vitiated the humours by long continuance , 't will be proper first to lessen those humours so corrupted , by bleeding and purging , if the patient has sufficient strength , before we endeavour to corroborate the blood , and which indeed we can scarce do , whilst a feculent heap of humours lies in the way . but forasmuch as pains , vomiting and looseness are sometimes so very severe that they will not bear a truce so long until we have satisfied the first intention of fortifying the blood , therefore sometimes we must begin the cure , by quieting the effects , ( the cause being let alone a little while , ) with some anodine medicine , and then we must endeavour to rectifie the spirits , whose infirm constitution is the cause of this disease , by which we may again endeavour to cure such kind of symptoms ; and because experience teaches , that there are many stinking things that will repel the inordination of the spirits , and contain them in their places , ( which are therefore call'd hystericks , ) we must make use of them when we would answer such intentions . according to what has been said , i order the patient to be blooded in the arm , and that after she be purg'd three or four mornings following , the patient thinks her self worse of those days she is blooded and purg'd , for these evacuations promote the ataxy , which i take care to forewarn her of , that she may not despond , the disease of it self being apt to incline her to do so ; but however those vicious humours we suppose are heap'd up by the long continuance of the disease , are in some sort to be evacuated before we can conveniently answer the prime intention . after these evacuations , i prescribe some chalybeat remedy to be taken thirty days to comfort the blood , and so by consequence the spirits that proceed from it ; and nothing will more certainly answer your intention in this case , for it raises a volatile ferment in the vapid and languid blood , by which the weak spirits are rous'd that before were press'd down by their own weight : and this is very manifest , for as often as steel is given in a chlorosis , the pulse are presently greater and quicker , and the outward parts grow warm , and the pale and dead countenance is chang'd , and becomes fresh and lively . but here we must take notice , that bleeding and purging must not always be us'd before chalybeats ; for when the patient is weak , and almost worn out by the long continuance of the disease , they may and ought to be omitted ; and you must begin with steel , which must be well minded . but in my opinion 't is most conveniently given in substance , and as i have never observ'd nor heard , that so taken , it ever injur'd any body , so i have been fully satisfied by frequent experience , that the bare substance performs the cure sooner and better than any of the common preparations of it , for busie chymists make this as well as other excellent medicines , worse rather than better by their perverse and over officious diligence . i have also heard , ( and if it be true , it much strengthens our assertion , ) that the crude mine as 't is digged out of the earth , is more effectual in curing diseases , than iron that has pass'd the fire , and been purified by fusion , so the author affirms , but i have not yet try'd whether it is so or not . this i certainly known , that no excellent and powerful remedy has been any where made , which has not received its chief virtues from nature ; upon which account grateful antiquity call'd excellent medicines , god's handicraft , not mans. and that some excellent thing does produce wonderful effects by its native goodness and efficacy , may be prov'd by opium , or the peruvian bark . nor is a physicians skill so much perceiv'd by preparing medicines , as by choosing such as are fit , which nature has prepar'd with her own fire , and freely bestow'd upon us ; so that all that we have to do , is to reduce medicines into that form , whereby either their substance , or their vertue and efficacy may be better imparted to our bodies , for the performance whereof we are sufficiently instructed . next to the substance of the steel , i choose the syrup of it , prepar'd with the filings of steel or iron infus'd in the cold , in rhenish wine , 'till the wine is sufficiently impregnated , and afterwards strain'd , and boyl'd up to the consistence of a syrup , with a sufficient quantity of sugar . nor do i use any cathartick medicine at set times during the whole chalybeat course ; for i am of the opinion , that the vertue of steel is destroy'd by a purge , both in hysterical and hypocondriacal diseases ; and when my chief dedesign is to reduce the spirits to order , and to renew and confirm their system , if i should use the gentlest purge but once , i should undo all that i had done in a week before , and by pulling down what i have built , and by building what i have pull'd down , i should trifle with my self and patient too ; and i believe mineral waters which participate of an iron mine , are render'd less effectual by this means ; though i know that some have been cur'd when purges have not been given only now and then ; but daily with the steel ; which does not so much prove to me the prudence of the physician , as the extraordinary virtue of the steel ; for if they had been omitted , the cure would have been performed in a less time . nor indeed do i see what advantage , or rather not what disadvantage purges often repeated may produce in many other diseases besides that just mention'd ▪ for though it can't be denied that they clear the intestines of impurities , and likewise that they somewhat discharge ill humours that are lodg'd in the mass of blood , yet on the contrary , 't is no less certain , that when they are frequently repeated in weak bodies , especially in the tender age , they do much hurt , because upon this account a great many humours are drawn to the intestines , and being put off upon these parts , occasion praeternatural ferments , whereby tumours arise in the belly , increasing daily so much the more , by how much the oftener the sick is purg'd ; and at length it happens that those parts by reason of weakness ( being as it were overwhelm'd with a burden of humours , ) and by a defect of natural heat soon become tabid and putrifie . and sometimes also the oeconomy of the bowels being quite destroy'd by reason of the causes mentioned , preternatural kernels , a-kin to the kings-evil , and the like , grow to the mesentery , and make way for death . for these reasons i judge 't is safest in children after general evacuations , and those but very few , to direct the curative indication , so as to comfort the blood and bowels , which may be done with spanish wine alone , or with corroborating herbs in it , if morning and evening some spoonfuls of it , ( according to the age of the sick ) be given long enough . and because things outwardly apply'd can easily penetrate the tender bodies of infants , and so can throughly affect the blood with their virtue whatever it is , 't will be convenient in swellings of their bellies , whether occasion'd by the king's-evil , or by the true rickets , to use liniments that are proper to corroborate the blood and bowels , and likewise to cure any morbifick indisposition of them . take of the leaves of common-wormwood , of the lesser centaury , of white whorehound , of germander , of ground-pine , of meadow saxifrage st. john's-wort , golden rod , wild thime , mint , sage , rue , carduus benedict . penny-royal , sothernwood , chamomel , tansie , lilly of the vallies , ( of all fresh gather'd and cut ) each mi , of lard lb iiij , of sheep-suet , and claret-wine , each lb ij ; let them be steep'd in an earthen pot upon hot embers twelve hours , and then let them boil till all the moisture is consumed ; afterwards strain them , and so make an ointment , with which let the belly be anointed morning and evening for thirty or forty days following , and also both the arm-pits . but as to the rickets , this must be noted , that in those tumours that afflicted the bellies of infants heretofore after long agues , not much unlike the true rickets , purges repeated seem'd to be indicated ; for before the use of the peruvian bark , agues continued a long while , and put off a sediment , which was the cause of tumours of this kind , which could be carried off only by purges repeated . but in the true rickets , catharticks are not to be us'd above once or twice at the most , before the patient enters upon the use of alteratives ; and all the time the parts are anointed , let him take inwardly of the wine above mention'd ; or if it may be , let him use for his ordinary drink beer , with the foresaid herbs , or at least many of them put up with it in the vessel . lastly , this i have hinted ought to be carefully minded , for i am fully satisfied , that many infants and children have been destroy'd by purges often repeated , which perhaps were given to asswage the belly : but this by the by . if any one object that the filings of steel may hurt those that take them by sticking in their bowels , unless they are purg'd now and then , i answer first , that i never found any such thing in any one , and then 't is much more probable that being involv'd in the slime , and with the excrementitious humours of the parts , they should all at length pass away with them , than when they are exagitated by purging medicines , which occasion unusual compressions , twisting and contraction of the guts , whereby the particles of steel thrust upon the coats of the bowels may penetrate deeper into them . when the patient is in a steel course , remedies commonly call'd hystericks are to be us'd as 't were by the by , ( to comfort the blood and animal spirits , ) in that manner and form which is most agreeable to the patient ; but if she can take them in a solid form , they will more powerfully retain the spirits in their office and place , than things that are liquid , that is , either decoctions or infusions , for the very substance affects the stomach longer with its savour , and works more forceably upon the body . upon the whole , being about to answer all the indications which i have touch'd upon above , i us'd to prescribe these few and common things , which though they are not at all pompous , yet they most commonly do what i desire . let. ℥ viij of blood be taken from the right arm. take of galbanum dissolv'd in tincture of castor , and strain'd ʒiij , tacamahac ʒ ij , make an emplaister to be apply'd to the navel . the next morning let her enter upon the use of the following pills . take of pill cocb . maj. ℈ ij , of castor powder'd , gr . ij , of peruvian balsam gutt . iv , make four pills , let her take them at five in the morning , and sleep after them ; repeat them twice or thrice every morning , or every other morning , according to their operation , and the strength of the patient . take of black-cherry-water , of rue water , and compound briony water , each ℥ iij , of castor tied up in a rag , and hang'd in the glass ʒss , of fine sugar , a sufficient quantity , make a julap , of which let her take four or five spoonfuls when she is faint , dropping into the first dose if the fit is violent gutt . xx of spirit of harts-horn . after the purging pills just describ'd are taken , let her use the following . take of the filings of steel , gr . viij , with a sufficient quantity of extract of wormwood , make two pills , let her take them early in the morning , and at five in the afternoon for thirty days , drinking upon them a draught of wormwood wine . or for daily use , take of the filings of steel , and of extract of wormwood , each ℥ iiij , mingle them , and keep them for use , let her take gr . xv , or ℈ i , made into three pills . or if she likes a bolus better , take of conserve of roman wormwood , and of the conserve of the yellow rind of oranges each ℥ i , of candied angelica , and nutmegs candied , and venice treacle , each ℥ ss , of candied ginger ʒij , make an electuary with a sufficient quantity of syrup of oranges . take of this electuary ʒiss , of the filings of steel well rubb'd , gr . viij , make a bolus , with a sufficient quantity of syrup of oranges , to be taken in the morning , and at five in the evening , drinking upon it a draught of wormwood wine . take of choice mirrh , and galbanum each ʒiss , of castor , gr ▪ xv , with a sufficient quantity of balsam of peru ; make twelve pills of every dram , let her take three every night , and drink upon them three or four spoonfuls of compound briony water , through the whole course of this process . but if the pills last prescrib'd move the belly , which sometimes happens in bodies that are very easily purg'd , by reason of the gum that 's in them , the following are to be substituted . ta kt of castor ʒi , of volatile salt of amber ʒss with a sufficient quantity of extract of rue , make xxiv small pills , let her take three every night . but here we must take notice , that chaly beats in whatsoever form or dose they are taken , occasion sometimes in women great disorders both of body and mind , and that not only on the first days ( which is usual almost in every body , ) but also all the time they are taken . in this case the use of steel must not be interrupted at those times , but laudanum must be given every night for some time in some hysterick water , that they may better bear it . but when the symptoms are mild , and it seems that the business may be done without taking steel , ( namely when the disease is small , ) i think it sufficient to bleed , and to purge three or four times , and then to give the altering hysterick pills above mention'd morning and evening for ten days , which method seldom fails when the disease is not violent ; yea , the pills alone , bleeding and purging being omitted , oftentimes do a great deal of good . yet we must take great notice , that some women by a certain ideosyncrasy do so abhor hysterical medicines , ( which give ease in most of the symptoms of this disease , ) that they don't only not receive benefit , but are much injured thereby ; therefore they must not be given to such , for hipocrates says , 't is in vain to do any thing contrary to natures inclination . which ideosyncrasy indeed is so great and so frequent , that if we have not regard to it , the lives of the sick may be hazarded , and not only by hysterical medicines , but by many other , whereof i will at present mention but one thing , viz. that some women that have the small-pox can't bear the use of diacodium , for thereby giddiness , vomiting , and such symptoms belonging to hysterical diseases are occasioned , and yet liquid laudanum agrees with them very well . which i observ'd whilst i was writing this , in a young woman a person of quality , to whom i had given the said syrup on the sixth and seventh night ; the symptoms above mention'd invaded both nights ; nor did the inflamation of the pustules duly proceed , but when afterwards she us'd laudanum , she was quite freed from the said symptoms ▪ the swelling of the face and pustules daily increasing , the anxiety and restlessness of body and mind ( which us'd to be as it were a fit of the small-pox , ) was wholly removed as often as this paregorick was given , the patient being strengthen'd and reviv'd by it : but this by the by . and so hysterical diseases are most commonly cur'd , and most obstructions of women , but especially a clorosis , or virgins pale colour , and also all suppressions of the courses . but if the blood is so very feeble , and the confusion of the spirits so great , that steel order'd to be us'd according to the method prescrib'd is not sufficient to cure the disease , the patient must drink some mineral waters , impregnated with the iron mine , such as are tunbridge , and some others lately found out , for the chalybeat virtue of these is better mingled with the blood , by reason of the great quantity that 's taken of them , and also because they are more agreeable to nature , and they cure diseases more effectually than iron , how much soever exalted by art , as imprudent chymists talk . but this is more especially to be observ'd in drinking of them , that if any sickness happens that is to be referr'd to hysterical symptoms , in this case the patient must forbear drinking them a day or two , 'till that symptom that hinder'd their passage is quite gone . for though these waters are less apt to stir the humours , and so to cause a confusion of the spirits , than the gentlest catharticks of the shops , yet they do somewhat exagitate them as they are diuretick , though they often also purge by stool too . but if the waters themselves hinder their own passage by disturbing the humours and spirits , let those consider how impertinently they act , who order purging medicines to be given once or twice a week , whilst the patient is drinking these waters ; or which is yet more foolish , to be mix'd with the waters , by which means these and other mineral waters pass more difficulty . and here i must acquaint you , that though some think the iron is in these waters in principiis solutis , ( which is plainly the same as if we should suppose liquid iron , ) yet i don 't at all doubt but that they are simple waters , impregnated with the mine through which they pass , which will be manifest to any one , if he pour some gallons of water upon a sufficient quantity of rusty nails , for then he will perceive that this water , when the powder of gauls , or the leaves of tea , or the like are put into it , will plainly appear of the same colour with the waters of a mineral fountain , when such things are put into them . nor truly have these artificial or inartificial waters ( which you please to call them , ) when they are taken , different effects , if they are us'd in summer-time , and in a good air. but however it is , if the disease by reason of its obstinacy does not yield to steel waters , the patient must go to some hot sulphureous waters , such as is our bath , and when he has us'd them inwardly three mornings following , the next day let him go into the bath , and the day following let him drink them again , and so let him do by turns for two whole months . for in these and in others of what kind soever they are , this must be carefully noted , that the patient must persist in the use of them , not only till he receives some benefit , but till he is quite well , that the symptoms may not return again in a short time . venice treacle alone , if it is used often , and a long while , is a great remedy in this disease , and not only in this , but in very many other diseases that proceed from want of heat and concoction or digestion ; 't is perhaps the most powerful that has been hitherto known , how contemptible soever it may seem to most people , because 't is common , and has been known a long while . spanish wine medicated with gentian , angelica , wormwood , centaury , the yellow rind of oranges , and other corroboratives infus'd in it , does a great deal of good , some spoonfuls of it being taken thrice a day , if the woman be not of a thin and cholerick habit of body . and truly a large draught of spanish wine by it self taken at bed-time for some nights , by my advice has been very beneficial to some hysterical women , for by it the habit of the whole body was render'd stronger , and they who before were cachectical , became fresh colour'd and brisk . moreover sometimes we find that the peruvian bark wonderfully comforts and invigorates the blood and spirits , whereof a scruple taken morning and evening for some weeks , has as i have observ'd restored ( both to hypocondriacal men , and hysterical women that have been very sick a long while , and when the oeconomy of their bodies has been much weaken'd , ) a firm and healthy constitution . but it succeeds best in that kind of hysterick diseases , in which women are affected with convulsions , wherein they struggle violently and beyond the strength of women , and at the same time beat their breasts . yet it must be confess'd that this medicine does not so certainly , and so often cure this disease as agues . but though ( to mention this by the by , ) the peruvian bark does wonders in the cure of agues , and though we use it freely our selves , and give it to our wives and children , as often as there 's occasion , yet there are some now as much displeas'd with it , because it cures so certainly and suddenly as they were heretofore , because it was but lately known among us ; to which fate the best men , and most excellent remedies have been almost always expos'd . but by this we may try as by a touch-stone our dispositions , and from thence judge whether we are good or ill men , namely , according to the degree of our joy or grief , as often as the welfare of mankind is promoted by some common benefit , or the blessing of god. but if any of the remedies above mention'd don 't well agree , which often happens in cholerick and thin constitutions , then a milk diet may be us'd ; for some women ( which one would wonder at at first ) that have conflicted a long while with hysterick diseases , and even such as have frustrated all the endeavours of physicians , yet have recover'd by dieting themselves for some time only with milk , and especially those that labour with that disease i call an hysterick colick , which can't be appeas'd by any thing but narcoticks , to which repeated by intervals , these women are much accustom'd , the pain returning as soon as the vertue of the anodine fades ; but this is chiefly to be admir'd in this method of cure , that milk which yields only a cold and crude nourishment , should notwithstanding by use strengthen and invigorate the spirits ; and yet this will not seem disagreeable to reason , if you consider that milk affording only a simple nourishment , does not busie nature much in concocting it , otherwise than meats and liquors more compounded use to do , and that an equal temper of the blood and spirits necessarily follows that perfect concoction . for this must be also consider'd , that a bare debility of the spirits consider'd by it self , is not the cause of those confusions they are under , but the weakness of them compair'd with the state of the blood. for it may be an infant has spirits strong and firm enough with respect to it's blood , but yet not proportionable to the blood of a grown person . now when by the continual use of a milk diet , ( tho' 't is crude and weak ) the blood is render'd more soft and tender , if the spirits that are made by it , are only equal to it , all 's well . yet all can't undergo those inconveniencies which most commonly accompany it the first days , namely , because it curdles in the stomach , and is insufficient to maintain the usual strength of the body ; but if they cou'd , they might receive benefit by it . but nothing of all i have hitherto known , does so much comfort and strengthen the blood and spirits , as riding much a horse back every day for a long while ; for seeing by this kind of exercise the lower belly is most forceably mov'd , in which the vessels for excretion ( as many as are appointed by nature to drain the impurities of the blood ) are plac'd : what disorder of the functions or other natural impotence of the organs , can be imagin'd so great as not to be helpt by the frequent jolting of the horse , and that too in the open air ? whose innate heat is so extinguish'd that it can't be stir'd up by this motion and ferment afresh ? or what preter-natural substance or deprav'd juice can there be in any creek of these parts , which can't by this exercise of the body , be either reduced to such a condition as is agreeable to nature , or scatter'd every way and ejected ? moreover , the blood being perpetually exagitated by this motion , and throughly mix'd , is as it were renew'd , and grows vigorous again . and indeed , this method , tho 't is inconvenient for women that are accustom'd to a slothful and delicate way of living , for they may be injured by motion , especially at the beginning ; yet is it very proper for men , and soonest recovers their health . one of our reverend bishops , famous for prudence and learning , having studyed too hard a long while , fell at length into an hypochondriacal disease , which afflicting him a long time , vitiated all the ferments of the body , and wholly subverted the concoctions . he had pass'd through long courses of steel more than once , and had try'd almost all mineral waters , with purging often repeated , and antiscorbuticks of all kinds , and very many testaceous powders , which are reckon'd proper to sweeten the blood : and so being in a manner worn out , partly by the disease , and partly by physick us'd continually for so many years , he was at length seiz'd with a colliquative loosness , which is wont to be the forerunner of death , in consumptions and other cronical diseases ▪ when the digestions are wholly destroy'd . at length he consulted me . i presently consider'd that there was no more room for medicine , he having taken so many already , without any relief ; for which reason i perswaded him to ride a horse-back , and that first he shou'd take such a small journy as was agreeable to his weak condition : had he not been a very judicious man , and one that weighed things well , he wou'd not have been perswaded so much as to try such a kind of exercise . i intreated him to persist in it daily , till in his own opinion he was well , going daily further and further , till at length he went so many miles , as prudent and moderate travellers , that go a large journy upon business , use to do , without any regard to meat or drink , or the weather ; but that he shou'd take every thing like a traveller as it happens . to be short , he continued this method , increasing his journies by degrees , till at length he rode twenty or thirty miles daily ; and when he found himself much better in a few days , being incourag'd by such wonderful success , he continued this course a pretty many months , in which time , as he told me , he rode many thousand miles , till at length , he did not only recover , but also gain'd a strong and brisk habit of body . nor is this kind of exercise more beneficial to hypochondriacal people , than 't is to those that are in a consumption ; whereof some of my relations have been cur'd by riding long journies by my advice ; for i knew i cou'd not cure them better by medicines of what value soever , or by any other method . nor is this remedy proper only in small indispositions , accompanied with a frequent cough and leanness , but in consumptions that are almost deplorable ; when the diarrhaea above mention'd , accompanies the night sweats , which is wont to be the forerunner of death , in those that dye of a consumption . in a word , how deadly soever a consumption is , and is said to be , two thirds dying of it , which are spoil'd by chronical diseases : yet i sincerely affirm , that mercury in the french pox , and the peruvian bark in agues , are not more effectual than the exercise above mention'd , in curing a consumption , if the sick takes care that his sheets are well air'd , and that his journies are long enough . but this must be noted , that those that have pass'd the flower of their age , must use this exercise much longer than those that have not yet arriv'd to it . and this i have learn'd by much experience , which scarce ever fails me . and tho' riding on horse-back is chiefly beneficial to consumptive people , yet riding journies in a coach , does sometimes a great deal of good . but to return to the business in hand , this is the general way of cure in this disease , which is apply'd to the original cause , viz. the weak crasis of the blood , and so is to be us'd only when the fit is off ; therefore as often as the fit invades , join'd with any one of the foresaid symptoms , if the disease be such , or so great a one , that 't will not bear a truce , 'till it may be cured by medicines that corroborate the blood and spirits , we must presently make use of hysterick remedies , which by their strong and offensive smell , recall the exorbitant and deserting spirits to their proper stations , whether they are taken inwardly , or smelt to , or outwardly apply'd ; such are assafaetida , galbanum , castor , spirit of sal armonicack : and lastly , whatever has a very ungrateful and offensive smell . and in truth , whatever stinks is proper for this intention , whether 't is naturally ill sented , or made so by art ; and unless i am deceiv'd , spirits of harts-horn ▪ of human blood , of urine , and of bones , and the like ; take their chief vertues from the force of the fire , in their preparation contracting an ill sented empyreuma , which is intimately join'd with their essence , which is likewise in the fumes arising from feathers , and such kind of parts of animals , when they are burnt . for this is common to the substances of all animals , viz. to emit a stinking fume while they are burning ; and if 't is forc'd by fire , and receiv'd in glasses , when 't is condens'd , it becomes those liquors call'd volatile spirits , which assume faculties that were not primitively in their subjects ; and are indeed , only creatures of fire , and their vertues are really all the same , from whatsoever substance ( so it is animal ) they are extracted . in the next place we must take notice , that if some intolerable pain accompanies the paroxysm , in whatever part it is , or violent vomiting , or a diarrhaea ; then besides the hystericks above mention'd , laudanum must be us'd , which only is able to restrain these symptoms . but in quieting these pains which vomiting occasions , we must take great care that they are not mitigated either by laudanum or any other paregorick , before due evacuations have been made , unless they almost exceed all human patience . first , because sometimes there is so great a quantity of blood and humours heapt up , ( especially in sanguine women and men of a proper habit ) that 't is able to withstand the operation of the most effectual narcotic , tho' it be often repeated : and therefore in such , blood must necessarily be evacuated from the veins of the arm , and a purge must be given before we come to use laudanum . for when these things are duly perform'd , that which before given in a large dose wou'd do no good , will now perform the business in a moderate dose . and then because i have found by frequent experience , that when the sick has been accustom'd by little and little to laudanum , and has not been duly evacuated before , she was forc'd by reason of the return of the pain , presently after the vertue of the medicine vanish'd , to take a paregorick again ; and so daily for some years , the dose being sometimes by degrees increas'd , so that at last they can by no means abstain from laudanum , tho' thereby all the digestions are vitiated , and the natural functions weakned . tho' i don't think that the use of laudanum does immediately hurt the brain or nerves , or the animal faculties . therefore i judge , and i speak what i have found , that evacuation ought to go before anodynes , viz. in virago's , and in women that abound with blood , a vein must be open'd , and the body purg'd ; especially if they have been lately seized with the fit. but if the weak women and those of a quite contrary constitution , labour with such a fit and pain , and have been not long ago afflicted with it , 't will be sufficient to cleanse their stomachs with a gallon of posset-drink , more or less , taken in and ejected by vomit ; and then to give a large dose of venice treacle , or of the orvietan electuary , and a few spoonfuls of some spirituous liquor , that is pleasing to the taste ; with a few drops of liquid laudanum ▪ to be taken presently after it . but if the sick has vomited a great while before the physician was call'd , and there is danger , lest by a further provocation by emeticks , the spirits shou'd be put in a rage , and the sick too much weaken'd ; in this case you must give laudanum without delay , and such a dose as is not only equal to the violence and duration of the symptom , but such a one as is sufficient to vanquish it . but here two things are to be chiefly noted . first , that when you have once begun to use laudanum after due and necessary evacuations , it must be taken in that dose , and often repeated , till the symptom is quite conquer'd ; only such a space must be betwixt each dose , that we may know what the former has done , before we give another . and then when we treat the disease with laudanum , we must do nothing else , and nothing must be evacuated ; for the gentlest glyster of milk and sugar , is sufficient to spoyl whatever has been repair'd by the paregoric , and to occasion the return of the vomiting and pain . but tho' the pains above mention'd , as we have said , are apt to overcome the vertue of the anodyne , yet violent vomiting indicates the largest dose of it , and that it shou'd be very often repeated ; for by the inverted peristaltick motion of the stomach , ( by which that which is contain'd in it , ought to be carried downwards ) the paregorick is ejected through the oesophagus , before it can do any good , unless after every time the sick vomits , the narcotick be given afresh , and chiefly in a solid form ; or if it be given in a liquor , the vehicle must be so small , as that it may but just wet the stomach , so that by reason of the small quantity of the matter , it can't be cast up ; for instance , some drops in one spoonful of strong cinamon water , or the like ; and the sick must be admonish'd to keep her self quiet , presently after taking the laudanum ; and that she keep her head as much as is possible immoveable , for the smallest motion of the head , provokes vomiting more than any thing else , and then the medicine just taken , is ejected . yet when the vomiting ceases , and is as 't were tam'd , 't is expedient to give an anodyne morning and evening for a few days , to prevent a relaps ; which also ought to be observ'd after a diarrhaea , or an hysterick pain taken off by a narcotick . and so at length by this method , we may readily cure the symptomatick pain and vomiting , whereby , because they are very often , like other diseases , physicians are easier impos'd upon , than by any other symptoms whatever , that require their help ; concerning which , i will add a few things , for instance : in that kind of hysterick disease now describ'd , which resembles a nephritick pain , is not the great parity and similitude of both diseases , apparent to any one , both because the pain in both is in the same part , and also for that the woman vomits in both diseases ? and yet they proceed from causes differing from one another ; and the methods for the cure of them so unlike , that that which does good in this , is injurious in the other , and so on the contrary . for whether a stone or gravel , fretting upon the substance of the reins , occasions pain , and by consent of parts , vomiting , nothing is so beneficial , as very large and frequent revulsion of the antecedent cause by phlebotomy , and dilatation and laxation of the passages , by which the stone is to be excluded , by emollient clysters very often repeated , and inward remedies of the same kind , to which are to be added linthontriptick and diuretic medicines . now if the said symptoms do no way arise from the stone , but from the animal spirits rushing impetuously in a great quantity upon the reins , ( in which case , paregoricks are only indicated ; nor is the gentlest clyster injected after the first evacuations , without danger ) in what great danger the unhappy woman is put into , whose life is so triffl'd with , i need not say . the same may be affirm'd of that hysteric disease , which resembles the bilious colick , or the iliack passion , when 't is taken for granted , that that disease , ( tho' of a quite different , yea contrary nature ) is the bilious colick , and proceeds from a sharp humour cast upon the bowels , through the mouths of the mesenterick arteries ; ( into which error the intollerable pain and the green colour of the matter expell'd by vomit and stool , easily seduces the unwary and unthinking physician ) what method is so proper , as that whereby we endeavour to attemperate the acrimony of the humours , by the help of cooling and incrassating medicines ? and what is fitter than catharticks frequently given , besides clysters daily injected to exterminate the humous from the guts , especially mercurius dulcis mixt with diagrydiate medicines , to eradicate perfectly the morbific matter ? but 't is plain to every one , how ill the patient wou'd be treated , and in what great danger he wou'd be , whilst we shou'd insist upon this method , if the disease which is supps'd to be a bilious colick , shou'd really prove an hysterick or hypocondriacal symptom , when experience openly proclaims , that after the first general evacuations ( which are appointed to remove the rubbish of the putrifying humours , which the ataxy has occasion'd , whereby the vertue of the anodyne may be obstructed ) nothing remains to be done , besides the quieting the tumultuous spirits , till the symptom goes off , and afterwards 't will be seasonable to give chalybeats , or any other remedy , if there be any that by kindling and invigorating the blood , may eradicate the disease . 't is not my business to reckon up those great calamities which i have known befal women , when this hysterick colick has been suppos'd to proceed from choler , notwithstanding i affirm , that evacuations often repeated , which are indeed indicated in the bilious colick , have been so far from lessening the pain and vomiting , that they have irritated them more , by promoting the disturbance of the spirits , which is the true cause of these symptoms . and at length the disease being prolong'd for some months , ends in convulsions , there being a suddain translation to the brain , whereby the sick is soon destroy'd ; and especially when after other evacuations repeated a long time , by reason of the green colour of those things that are vomited up , a vomit is given . in a word , if i have learnt any thing by observation , i judge we must chiefly take care , that those symptoms familiar to hysterick women , be not suppos'd by a mistake in the diagnostick , to proceed from other diseases , which they often resemble . and here i must acquaint you , that besides the errors before mention'd , whereby women obnoxious to hysterick diseases , are put in danger of their lives ; very many moreover , suffer by these diseases , by an error no less fatal , at a time wherein , tho' this disease is not of its own nature deadly , yet by reason of the disasters that come upon it ▪ and follow'd it , 't is destructive to many : for instance , a woman of a tender and infirm habit of body , brings forth a child , and all succeeds well , and according to nature . the midwife , whether rude and unskilful , or vain-glorious , to shew how well she has perform'd her business , advises that her woman shou'd rise a few days after she has been brought to bed , and that she shou'd keep up a while ; the woman does so , and is presently seiz'd upon the first motion of her body , with an hysterick indisposition , and according as the disease increases , the lochia are first lessen'd , then they quite stop , whose suppression , a long series of untimely symptoms follow ; which soon destroys the sick , unless great diligence and skilfulness interceed . and sometimes they are seiz'd with a phrensie on this account , which growing daily worse and worse , occasions convulsions first , and then death . but if they escape death , they are maddish , and sometimes continue so as long as they live . sometimes after the suppression of the lochia , they fall into a fever , which either turns to that which is then epidemical , or depends only on that beginning . moreover , the same hysterick symptoms which were first occasion'd by the suppression of the lochia , rage more now , as if afterwards they proceeded from it . i thought long ago , that of those women that dye in child-bed , scarce one in ten , to speak within bounds , dies , because she has not strength necessary for delivery , or from the pains that accompany difficult labour , but chiefly by reason they rise too soon , hysterical fits being occasioned by that motion , whereby when the lochia are stopt , a numerous train of dreadful symptoms follows ▪ wherefore they that are advised by me , keep in bed at least till the tenth day , if they are of a ▪ weakly constitution , especially if they have been long since troubled with vapours . for besides that , the rest which they have in bed , frees them from those dangers we have so often mentioned ; the warmth of the bed not interrupted , likewise refreshes the spirits weakned and exhausted by the pains in labour , and by the evacuations usual in this case , and recruits nature , and digests and removes all those crudities which are heapt up during the time of child-bearing . but if by reason of this error committed , any one of the said symptoms supervenes , the curative indications are to be directed so , that the spirits disquieted by this motion should be appeas'd , and that the lochia should flow again , for as much as the suppression of them is the next and immediate cause of these symptoms . but we must not obstinately insist upon this method , but having given a while those remedies that are wont to be used with success in this case , if they don't answer according to our desires , we must leave them off ; for as strong things must not be us'd , so neither ought we to persevere in the use of gentler , by reason women in child-bed so affected , are much weaken'd , and their strength almost worn out . for instance , when it first appears that the lochia are stopt , 't is convenient to put the woman presently to bed , and then to apply an hysterick plaister to the navel , and to order this electuary following to be taken forthwith . take of the conserve of roman wormwood , and of rue each ℥ i , of the trochisc . of mirrh ʒij , of castor , english saffron , of volatile salt of sal armoniac , and of assa faetida , each ʒss , make an electuary with a sufficient quantity of the syrup of the five opening roots ; let her take the quantity of a large nutmeg every third hour , drinking upon it four or five spoonfuls of the following julap . take of rue water , compound briony water , each ℥ iij , of sugar candy , s . q. mingle them , make a julap . and if these things are given as soon as the suppression begins , the disease is most commonly conquer'd , but if having continued the use of the said remedies , till the whole quantity is taken , in this case we must try laudanum once . here laudanum though of its own nature 't is astringent , yet by quieting the disturbance of the spirits whereby the usual evacuation of the lochia is interrupted , does sometimes much good , and when emmenagogs do no good , it may recall the flux of the lochia ; but narcoticks are most conveniently given with hystericks and emmenagogs . for instance , fourteen drops of liquid laudanum in compound briony water , or one grain and a half of solid laudanum made into two pills , with half ae scruple of assa faetida ▪ but we must be sure to take notice , that if we don't hit the mark at once , if the lochia don't follow , we must by no means repeat the opium , as is usual in other cases , and ought to be : for if here the paregorick is repeated , 't will so powerfully stop the lochia , that afterwards they can by no means be provok'd ; for truly if this dont succeed ( some time being pass'd that we may know what it has perform'd , ) we must return to the use of emmenagogs , mixt with hystericks , and then inject a clyster of milk and sugar ; and what was said above of opium ▪ holds good likewise here of clysters , for unless the first injected bring the lochia , nothing is to be expected from more , one being sufficient , by turning the humour gently , to cause the lochia to flow , but more may divert them another way . these things being perform'd ( which are to be touch'd upon lightly , ) 't is most safe and the duty of a prudent physician , to wait and see what time will do , for every day the business of the cure is more and more removed from danger , and if the sick live beyond the twentieth day , she 's in a manner out of danger . for when the woman has been recruited a little , and gain'd some strength , in a long disease whatever 't is , she will be able to bear that remedy which is fittest for the cure of that disease , which was occasion'd by a suppression of the lochia ; whereas medicines cram'd in obstinately , the first doing no good , may increase the disease , and also the disturbance of the spirits from whence the disease arises , which must be carefully noted . lately a vertuous matron of good parentage sent for me , she upon the foremention'd occasion , presently after she was brought to bed , was seiz'd with hysterick fits , and the lochia stop'd . i endeavour'd by the medicines aforesaid to provoke them , but in vain , the violence of the hysterick disease being too powerful for the medicines ; and at length when i perceiv'd she would be well if i did nothing , i committed all to time , by much the best and most successful physician ; and according to my opinion things went well with her to the fourteenth day : visiting her daily , i found she was no day worse than she was the day before . after this the women that had attended upon her , whom i had hitherto kept from doing mischief by their over-officiousness , enforc'd the husband to have a vein opened instantly in his wives foot , which being done , the hysterick fits so far prevailed , that within a few hours she was seiz'd with convulsions , and soon after by death , that ends all our miseries . and if it be lawful to speak what i think , i have been a long time of the opinion , that i have well perform'd the duty of an honest man and good physician , ( not only in the said diseases of women in child-bed , but also in all other acute diseases , when i can't certainly promise that a cure will follow this or that method i please to use ) , as often as i do nothing , when visiting the patient , i find he is not worse this day , than he was the day before , and when i can conjecture he will not be worse to morrow than he is to day ; whereas if i proceed in curing the sick with a method , the efficacy whereof i don 't yet know , he will be in danger both upon the account of the experiment i am about to make upon him , and also by the disease , nor will he as easily evade two dangers as one . for though at present there is no manifest sign of his beginning to be well , yet 't is most certain that according to the nature of acute diseases , no one can always labour with them . and besides every day will more and more secure the patient , or yield an occasion to the physician , whereby he may more opportunely and certainly vanquish the disease , than he could before . which as it may be truly affirm'd of most disease , so especially of the diseases of child-bed women , wherein the least error may prove fatal , and in which we are so little able to govern that natural evacuation , the suppression whereof occasions the diseases we have been treating of . but forasmuch as hysterical diseases dont always owe their original to the prime cause , namely the native debility of the spirits , but sometimes to an adventitious weakness ; therefore i design before i make an end , to discourse of this sort of cause , which most commonly is the occasion of vapours as they are call'd ; and 't is an immoderate flux of the courses either in child-bed , or at other times as to the first kind , that comes and is very troublesom the first days after hard labour , accompanied with a numerous train of hysterical symptoms ; and as it only comes , and is troublesom on these first days , so it soon goes away , for a diet that is somewhat thickening , easily drives it away , for which also the following drink may be used . take of plantain water and red wine , each thi , boil them together , till a third part is consumed ; then sweeten it with a s . q. of white sugar , whereof when 't is cold , give half a pint twice or thrice a day ; in the mean while some very gentle hysterick julap may be taken now and then , and the following nodulus may be held to the nose . take of galbanum , and assa faetida , each ʒij , castor ʒiss , of volatile salt of amber ʒss , mingle them and make a nodulus . or , take ʒij of spirit of sal armoniac , to which let her smell often . but as to the flux , when women are not in child-bed , though that is wont to happen at any time , yet most commonly it comes a little before the time the courses are about to leave them , namely about the age of forty five if they flow early , but about fifty , if they come somewhat later ; from these as is said a little before they quite go away , ( like a candle burnt to the socket , which gives the greatest light just as 't is about to go out , ) they flow impetuously , and cast the poor women into almost continual hysterick fits , by reason of the great quantity of blood which is continually evacuated . now though in this case , hystericks both inward and outward must be us'd by the by ( avoiding those that are strong , lest they should promote the flux ) yet the chief intention must be to stop the courses , which may be soon done after this manner . let ℥ viij of blood be drawn from the arm , the next morning give the common purgative potion , which must be repeated every third day for twice , and every night at bed time through the whole course , let her take a paregorick made with one ounce of diacodium . take of conserve of dry'd roses ℥ ij , of trochisc , of terra lemnia ʒiss , of pomegranate peel , and red coral , each ℈ ij , of lapis haematitis and dragons blood , and bole armenic , each ℈ i , make an electuary with a sufficient quantity of simple syrup of coral , whereof let her take the quantity of a large nutmeg in the morning , and at five in the afternoon , drinking upon it six spoonfuls of the following julap . take of the water of oak buds and plantain , each ℥ iij , of cinamon water hor deated , and of syrup of dry'd roses , each ℥ i , of spirit of vitriol a sufficient quantity to make a pleasant acid . take of the leaves of plantain , and nettles , each a sufficient quantity , beat them together in a marble mortar , and press out the juice ; then clarifie it ; let her take six spoonfuls cold three or four times a day . after the first purge , apply the following plaister to the region of the loins . take of diapalma , and of the plaister ad herniam , each equal parts , mingle them , and spread upon leather . a cooling and thickening diet must be order'd , only 't will be proper to indulge the sick a small draught of claret wine , once or twice a day , whch though 't is somewhat inconvenient , because its apt to raise the ebullition , yet it may be allow'd to repair the strength . and as indeed this method is very beneficial to women thus affected , so is it also as useful for those that are in danger of abortion , only the purges and juices must be omitted . there is another cause , though 't is not so frequent of hysterical diseases , viz. a falling of the womb by reason of a hard labour , it s accompanied with a large train of this kind of diseases , yet is it soon and easily cur'd this way . take of oak bark ℥ ii , boyl it in lb iiij of fountain water to lb ij , add at latter end ℥ i of pomegranate peel bruis'd , red roses , granate flowers , each mij ; and then add lb ss of red wine , strain it , bath the parts affected with flannel cloaths dipt in it , in the morning two hours before the woman rises ▪ and at night when she 's in bed ; continue the use of it till the symptom is quite gone . but enough of these things . and now worthy sir , i have mention'd the chief of what has been hitherto observ'd in the history and cure of this disease , and have nothing else to do but to beg your pardon , if i have err'd in describing these things not so accurately as i ought to have done , and also to desire you to accept favourably of this small treatise , which was designedly written to return you thanks for your approbation of my other works : and indeed i have so seldom receiv'd any thing of this nature , that either ▪ i have deserv'd no such thing , or else those candid and ingenious men which nature has fram'd with such excellency of mind , as to know how to be grateful , are very few , scarce so many as the gates of thebes , or entries of wealthy nile . yet notwithstanding i endeavour all i can , and will do so , to learn and promote the method of curing diseases , and to instruct those that are less conversant in practice than my self , let other people have what opinion of me they please . for having nicely weigh'd whether 't is better to be beneficial to men , or to be praised by them , i find the first preponderates , and much conduces to the tranquillity of mind . but as for fame and popular applause , they are lighter than a feather or a bubble , and more vain than the shadow of a dream . but if any one thinks that riches got by such a reputation have something more of weight in them , let them injoy what they have scrap'd together with all my heart , but let them remember that some mechanicks of the most fordid trades , get and leave more to their children , yet do they not exceed the beasts in this , who take as much care as they can of themselves and theirs ▪ and if we except things honest , proceeding from the judgment of the mind and vertue ( whereof the nature of beasts is not capable , ) the ▪ beasts are plainly as good as these and all others who don 't endeavour to do all the good they can in their generation . chap. iv. of the gout . without doubt men will think , that either the nature of the disease we now treat of is almost incomprehensible , or that i who have been vex'd with it thirty four years , am a very dull fellow , seeing my observations about the disease , and the cure of it ▪ do little answer their expectation . but however it be , i will faithfully deliver those things i have hitherto learnt , the difficulties and intricacy , respecting either the account of the disease , or the method of cure , leaving them to be clear'd and made plain by time the guide of truth . the gout chiefly seizes those old men , who after they have lived the best part of their lives tenderly and delicately , indulging themselves freely with splendid banquets , wine , and other spirituous liquors ; and at length having by reason of the sloath that always accompanies old age , wholly omitted those exercises of body which young men are accustom'd to . moreover they who are obnoxious to this disease , have large skulls , and are most commonly of a gross habit of body , moist and laxe , and of a lusty and luxuriant constitution , the best and richest foundation for life . not that the gout only seizes those that are corpulent , for sometimes also though seldomer , it invades thin people ; nor does it wait always till they are old , for sometimes it seizes those that are in the flower of their age , when they have receiv'd the unhappy seeds of the disease from their parents , as it were ex traduce ; or if this be not the cause , they have too early us'd venery , or have quite forsook violent exercises that they us'd formerly ; moreover they have great stomachs , and have drank spirituous liquors immoderately , and afterwards they have suddenly betook themselves to thin and cooling liquors . when it first seizes any one when he is very old , it never afterwards has such exact periods , nor rages so violently , as when it falls upon a younger man , both because he dies most commonly before the disease accompanied with its natural symptoms can come to its heighth , and also because the native heat and vigour of the body being lessen'd , it can't be so constantly and violently shot off upon the joints . but if it seizes any one earlier , though it does not yet fix upon one part , nor handle him so roughly , but comes with uncertain periods upon occasion given , paining him lightly for a few days , coming and going without any method , yet by degrees it formally besieges the man , and proceeds regularly , both as to the time 't will come at , and as to the continuance of the fit , and moreover assaults him more violently than at first . i will first discourse of this disease as it proceeds regularly , and afterwards of its anomalous and uncertain phaenomena , when being put out of its course , either by a praeposterous use of ▪ improper medicines , or by the weakness of the subject , it can't attain to its proper and genuine symptoms . therefore when the gout is regular , it seizes the patient most commonly after this manner , about the latter end of january , or the beginning of february , it comes suddenly , and for the most part without giving any notice , except that the patient has been troubled with indigestion and crudities of the stomach some weeks before ; moreover the body is oppress'd and puff'd up with wind , which daily increases till the fit thunders upon him ; but a few days before it comes , the thighs are benumm'd , and there is as it were a discent of wind through the flesh of them , with convulsive motions , and the day before the fit the appetite is sharp , but not natural . he goes to bed and to sleep well , but about two a clock in the morning is wak'd by the pain , seizing either his great toe , the heel , the calf of the leg , or the ancle ; this pain is like that of dislocated bones , with the sense as it were of water almost cold , pour'd upon the membranes of the parts affected , presently shivering or shaking follow , with a feverish disposition ; the pain is first gentle , but increases by degrees , ( and in like manner the shivering and shaking go off , ) and that hourly till towards night it comes to its heighth , accomodating it self neatly according to the variety of the bones of the tarsus and metatarsus , whose ligaments it seizes , sometimes resembling a violent stretching or tearing of those ligaments , sometimes the gnawing of a dog , and sometimes a pressure ; moreover the part affected has such a quick and exquisite pain , that 't is not able to bear the weight of cloaths upon it , nor hard walking in the chamber ; and the night is not pass'd over in pain upon this account only , but also by reason of the restless turning of the part hither and thither ▪ and the continual change of its place . nor is the tossing of the whole body , which always accompanies the fit , but especially at its coming , less than the continual agitation and pain of the tormented member . there are a thousand fruitless endeavours us'd to ease the pain by a continual change of the place whereon the body and the affected members lye , yet there is no ease to be had , 'till two or three a clock in the morning ( viz. a night and a day being spent from the first approach of the fit , ) at which time the sick has suddenly ease , by reason there 's a little digestion of the peccant matter , and some discussion of it , though he undeservedly attributes it to that position of the affected part he us'd last . and now being in a breathing sweat , he falls asleep ; when he wakes , he finds the pain much abated , and the part affected swell'd afresh ; for before there was only ( which is usual in the fits of those that have the gout , ) visible , a swelling of the veins intermix'd with the affected member . the next day , and perhaps two or three days after , if the matter apt to genetrate , the gout is copious , the part affected will be in pain , which will be violent too towards evening , but 't will be eased about the time of the cock's crowing ; within a few days the other foot will be in pain , as the former was , and if the former has left off aking , the weakness which render'd it infirm will presently vanish , strength and perfect health being so presently restor'd , as if it had never been out of order , if the pain is violent in the foot lately seiz'd . and yet it acts the same tragedy in the other foot as it did in the former , both as to the violence of the pain , and the duration of it ▪ and sometimes on the first days of the disease , when the peccant matter is so exuberant , that one foot is unable to contain it , it afflicts both at the same time with the like violence ; but most commonly it seizes them successively as we said : after it has vex'd the feet , the fits that follow are irregular , both as to the time of invasion and duration , yet the pain always returns in the evening , and is less in the morning , and of a series of these small fits , consists that which is call'd a fit of the gout , longer or shorter , according to the age of the sick ; for 't is not to be supposed , that when any one is afflicted with this disease two or three months , that that 's one fit , but rather a series and chain of small fits , whereof every latter is gentler and shorter than the former , till at length the peccant matter being wholly consum'd , the patient recovers his former health , which in those that are brisk , and in others whom the gout has rarely visited , comes to pass often in fourteen days , and in those it has often afflicted in two months ; but in those who are more debilitated , either by the long continuance of the disease , or by age ; it does not go off till summer coming pretty well on , drives it away . the first fourteen days the urine is high colour'd , which after separatión puts off a red sediment , and as it were full of small sand ; nor does the patient render by urine more than the third part of what he drinks , and the belly is most commonly bound the said first days , want of appetite , shaking of the whole body about evening , heaviness and a troublesom uneasiness of the parts that are not affected , accompanies the whole fit , a violent itching of the foot affected , follows the departing fit , especially betwixt the toes , and the feet scale as if the sick had been poison'd . the disease being discuss'd , a good habit of body and appetite return , according to the degree of pain with which the fit last past rag'd ; and so proportionably the following fit will be hasten'd or deferr'd , for if the last fit was very severe , the following fit will not come , till the same time of the year return again . and in this manner , the regular gout shews it self with its genuine and proper phaenomena , but when 't is disturb'd by improper methods of cure , or by the obstinate continuance of the disease , the very substance of the body being as it were , perverted to the nourishment of the disease ; and nature unable to eliminate the same by its wonted method , then the phaenomena are much different from those describ'd . for whereas the pain was hitherto only troublesome to the feet , ( which are the genuine seat of the peccant matter , and if it possesses any other parts , 't is most certain , that either the method of the disease has been alter'd , or that the vigor of the body , is by little and little diminish'd ) now it possesses the hands , wrists , the arms , the knees , and other regions , tormenting these , as much as it us'd to do the feet : for sometimes distorting one or more of the fingers , it makes them like a bunch of parsnips , taking away the motion by degrees , and at length it generates stony concretions about the ligaments of the joints , which destroying the cuticle , and the very skin of the joints , renders visible , naked stones , like chalk or crabs eyes ▪ which may be pick'd out with a needle . sometimes the matter occasioning the disease thrust upon the arms , causes a whitish swelling , almost as big as an egg ; which is by degrees inflam'd with redness , sometimes falling upon the thigh , it feels as if there were a great weight hanging upon it ; yet without any considerable pain , but passing to the knee , it handles that more severely , so hindering all motions , that 't is as 't were , nail'd to the bed : so that it can't move a hairs-bredth from the place wherein it is . and when by reason of the restlessness of the body , or to ease nature , the patient must be mov'd by the help of others , there 's need of great care , lest by chance , the least contrariety of motion ▪ shou'd occasion pain , which for this reason only , is tollerable , viz. because it presently vanishes : and indeed , this carrying of the body , that must be perform'd so carefully and tenderly , is not a small part of the troubles , wherewith the gout is burden'd ; for the pain is not violent through all the fit , if the part affected , be kept quiet . whereas the gout before , did not use to invade before the latter end of winter , and was wont to go off , after two or three months , now it continues upon the sick a whole year , excepting only two or three of the hot summer months : and what is moreover to be observ'd , as the great and general fit is longer than heretofore it was , so those particular fits , whereof the general is compounded , rage longer ; for whereas before those particular fits did not torment the patient above a day or two , now wherever it fixes , especially if it possesses the feet or knees , it does not cease , till the tenth or fourteenth day , moreover the first or second day after its coming , the patient feels some sickness , besides the pain , together with a total prostration of the appetite . lastly , before the disease was grown to such a heigth , the sick did not only enjoy longer intervals of the fits , but also during that intermission , he was well in his limbs , and in the other parts of body , all the natural faculties performing their offices duly ; but now his limbs are contracted and cumbred , so that tho' he can stand , and perhaps go a little , yet he creeps along so very lamely and troublesomely , that when he walks , he seems to stand still ; and if he endeavours to walk beyond his strength , that he may the better recover his feet , the more he confirms them by walking , and renders them less apt to receive the pain , so much the more the fomes of the disease not perfectly dissipated by all this interval , hovers more dangerously about the bowels , when it can't be so freely discharg'd upon the feet , which at this time of the disease , are scarce ever free from pain , but are always uneasie more or less . the sick is also afflicted with many other symptoms , as with a pain of the haemorrhoidal veins , with unsavoury belchings , resembling the taste of the meat last eat , putrifying in the stomach , when something of hard digestion is eaten , or only so much as is requisite for people in health , the appetite languishes , and also the whole body , by reason of a penury of spirits . lastly ▪ he lives only to be wretched and miserable , and not at all to taste of the happiness of life . the urine that us'd to be formerly high colour'd , especially in the fits , and render'd in a small quantity , now is like that , both for colour and quantity which is evacuated in a diabetes : the back and other parts , itch troublesomely about bed-time . and this incovenience also happens in this disease , when 't is confirm'd , viz. that upon yawning , especially in the morning , the ligaments of the bones of the metatarsus , are violently pull'd , and seem to be hardly press'd with a strong hand ; and sometimes when yawning does not go before , the sick just dropping asleep , suddenly feels a blow as it were of a club , breaking in pieces the metatarsus ; so that he wakes crying out : the tendons of the muscles that sustain the legs , are sometimes taken with such a sharp and violent convulsion , that the pain which it occasions , if it should last but a little while , would overcome all humane patience . after many and dreadful torments , and long execution , the following fits as to pain are more gentle , as a pledge of the discharge which approaching death is about to give , ( nature being partly oppress'd by the burden of the peccant matter , and partly by old age , is no more able to expel it constantly and forceably to the extremities of the body , ) but instead of the accustom'd pain , a certain sickness with a pain of the belly , spontaneous weariness , and sometime a propension to a diarrhaea supervene . these symptoms ease the pain of the limbs when they are violent , and likewise vanish when the pain is in the joints ; and sometimes the pain ▪ and sometimes the sickness afflicting alternatively , prolong the fits much . for 't is to be noted , that when any one has had the gout many years , the pain is by degrees lessen'd every fit ▪ and at length he dies more of the sickness than the pain : for the pain which is in these fits ▪ though 't is longer , yet is it not the tenth of that which he us'd to suffer when his strength was more intire . but this severity of the disease is compensated most commonly by the longer space betwixt the fits , and by the good health he in the mean while enjoys . for in this disease , pain is nature's most bitter medicine ; and the more violent it is , the sooner will the fit pass over , and the longer will be the intermission and more perfect , and so on the contrary . nor does the pain , the lameness , and the obstructed motion of the affected parts , the sickness and other symptoms describ'd , compleat the tragedy of this disease : for it breeds the stone of the kidnies in very many , either because the sick lies long upon his back , or because the organs of secretion have ceas'd to perform their due functions , or for that the stone is made of a part of the same kind of matter , but which is the cause i shall not determine ; whatever is the origine of this disease , the sick has sometimes many sad contemplations , to know whether the stone or the gout is most severe ; and sometimes the stone hindering the passage of the water into the bladder through the urinary passages kills him , not waiting any longer upon the slow gouty execution . nor is it enough that the sick is tormented in such a miserable manner , as that he can't help himself , but wants the help of others , but this is also added to the heap of his sorrows ▪ viz. that during the fit , his mind is as it were affected with the contagion , and so far suffers with the body , that 't is difficult to say which of them is most afflicted , for every fit may as properly be call'd a fit of anger , as of the gout , for the mind and reason are so extreamly enervated by the infirm body , that they are disorder'd by the least motion of the affections , so that he 's as troublesom to others , as to himself : moreover he is as obnoxious to the rest of the passions , viz. to fear , care , and others of the same kind , by which he 's also vex'd , till the disease going off , the mind also has recover'd its former tranquillity . at length the sick ( that i may dispatch the catastrophe of this dreadful disease , ) his bowels being so hurt by hatching and embracing the peccant matter , that the organs of secretion can no longer perform their office , upon which account the blood stuff'd with faeculencies stagnates , and the peccant matter is not as heretofore cast upon the extream parts of the body ; at length i say the thrice miserable wretch is so happy as to dye . but ( which may be a comfort to me and others that are afflicted with this disease , though we are but moderately furnish'd with mony and the graces of the mind , ) so liv'd and so died great kings and potentates , generals of armies , and admirals of fleets , philosophers , and many such as these . in a word , this disease of the joints ( which can scarce be said of any other , ) kills more rich than poor , more wise men than fools , nature shewing as it were with the finger how just the parent and disposer of all things is , and how little he sides with parties ; for those that want something , are wont to be abundantly replenish'd with an other kind of good , and he allayes profuse munificence , by mixing an equal share of miseries with it ; so that 't is every where inviolably decreed , that no man shall be perfectly happy , or compleatly miserable , but that all shall partake of both lots , which mixture of good and ill , so proper to our frailty and mortality , is perhaps very fit for us . women are very seldom troubl'd with the gout , and if they are , not till they are old or of a masculine habit of body : thin women who in their youth or middle age are troubled with symptoms resembling the gout , receive them from hysterical diseases , or a rheumatism which they were afflicted with heretofore , the fomes whereof was not well carried off . nor have i hitherto observ'd that boys or youths are vext with the true and genuine gout , yet some that i have known , have perceived some small touches of it , before they have arriv'd to that age , viz. when their fathers had this disease when they begat them . and here ends the history of the disease . having very much contemplated the various phaenomena of this disease , i suppose it arises from the concoction weaken'd , both in the parts , and in all the juices of the body ; for in those who are subject to this disease , they being either worn out by age , or having by intemperance hastened old age , the animal spirits are decay'd throughout the whole body , being consum'd by the immoderate exercise of the brisk functions in the heat of youth , for instance , by too early , or too much use of venery , by mad and extravagant labours , whereby they unweariedly serve their pleasures ; to which is to be added a sudden intermission or cessation from the exercises of the body , to which they have been heretofore accustomed , either by reason of years or laziness , ( by the use whereof the blood was wont to be render'd more vigorous , and the tone of the parts more firm , ) upon which account the body becomes now wither'd , and the concoctions are no more rightly perform'd ; but on the contrary the dross of the juices of the body which were discharg'd before by the help of such exercises , are from henceforth laid up in the vessels , as a stock for the disease . and sometimes hard study or meditation concerning some serious and lasting matter , has increas'd the disease , whereby the fine and volatile spirits are too much diverted from their business of concoction , which they ought to perform . moreover they that are subject to this disease , are not only most commonly greedy of meats in general , but chiefly of those that are hardest to digest , whereof when they eat as much as they were wont to do when they exercised themselves , they are unable to digest them . nor does the said voracity or full feeding , so frequently ( though it does often ) occasion the gout , as the immoderate and mad drinking of wine , whereby the ferments appointed for various concoctions are wholly destroy'd , and the concoctions themselves , and the natural spirits are vanquish'd and dispers'd by the great quantity of adventitious vapours . but when at one and the same time , the vigour of the spirits that are the instruments of concoction are lessen'd , and moreover a great haep of humours oppresses the blood , 't is impossible that all the concoctions should be duly perform'd , when all the viscera are so overwhelm'd , upon which account the spirits long ago weaken'd , are now suffocated . for if this were occasion'd only by a weakness of the spirits , women and children , and those which long sickness has wasted , would likewise be invaded by it ; whereas for the most part it seizes the strongest , and those that have the most robust principles of nature : yet it does not seize them , 'till humours are heapt up , by reason of the defect and declination of the natural spirits , by which join'd together the vitiated concoctions are perverted . moreover as every one of the causes we have mention'd , promote indigestion , so most of them occasion a looseness of the habit and muscules of the body , by which means a passage is open'd for the receiving crude and indigested humours , as often as they are protruded to the outward parts , and when lying long in the blood , they increase in bulk and contract an ill disposition , and at length acquire a putrifying heat , and can no longer be govern'd by nature , they break forth into a species , and fall upon the joints , and by heat and sharpness occasion most exquisite pains in the ligaments and membranes covering the bones , which being either weaken'd and loosen'd by age , or by luxury , or intemperance , make room for them , when they make an attempt ; but this falling of the humours that generate the gout , which constitutes the fit , happens sooner or later , as occasion is offer'd for putting these humours into motion . as to the cure , ( i will first mention those things that are to be omitted , ) though if we respect the humours and the indigestion whereby they are occasion'd , it may seem at first , that the curative indications are chiefly to be directed for the evacution of the humours already made , and for corroborating the concoctions ; so that the heaping up of other humours may be prevented ▪ forasmuch as these are the more general indications , whereby we should do the business in most other humoral diseases ; but in the gout there 's a kind of prerogative in nature , for exterminating the peccant matter after its own way , by putting it off upon the joints , and by discussing it by insensible transpiration . about three ways are propos'd , whereby we may eject the containing cause of the gout , viz ▪ bleeding , purging and sweating , and yet neither of these methods will ever perform the business . first , though bleeding may seem both to evacuate those humours that are just ready for a descent , and also those that have already besieged the joints , yet it plainly opposes that indication , which the antecedent cause , that is , indigestion , arising from a depravation and defect of the spirits , ( which bleeding lessens and oppresses more ) requires , and therefore bleeding is not to be us'd , either to prevent the fit which is fear'd , or to mitigate that which is now present , namely , in ▪ those that are old ; for though that blood that is drawn out , is most commonly like that of pleuriticks , and of those that have a rheumatism , yet bleeding does as much hurt to the sick in this disease , as it does good in the two just mention'd ▪ for if blood is extracted in the intermission , though a good while after the fit , there 's danger lest by the agitation of the blood and humours , a new fit should be occasion'd more lasting than the former , and accompanied with more violent symptoms , the strength and vigour of the blood being blunted thereby , by the help of which the nourishment of the disease should have been diligently and constantly expell'd . and this inconvenience happens as often as bleeding is us'd at the beginning of the fit , and if it be us'd presently after the fit , there 's great danger , lest nature , the blood having not yet recover'd its former strength , weaken'd by the disease , should be so much dejected by this unseasonably us'd , that a dropsie should be occasion'd thereby . but if the sick is yet young , and has been over-heated by hard drinking , blood may be drawn at the beginning of the fit ; but if in the following fits it is continually us'd , the gout is soon confirm'd even in youth , and will more propagate its tyranny in a few years , than otherwise in a great many . and then as to purging , whether upward or downward , this must be noted , that whereas by the inviolable law of nature annex'd to the very essence of this disease , the fomes of it ought to be expell'd always to the joints ; emetick or cathartick remedies will do nothing else , but recal into the blood the peccant matter , which was put off by nature upon the extremities of the body ; upon which account that which ought to be cast upon the joints , rushes perhaps upon some of the viscera , and so the patient's life is in danger , when before 't was not in danger at all . which is often observ'd to be fatal to those who have been accustom'd to purging medicines , that they might prevent the gout , ( or which is worse , ) to lessen the fit : for when nature is put by her usual method , whereby as being best and more secure , she drives the morbifick matter upon the joints , the humours are turn'd inward upon the intestines , and instead of pain in the joints , where there is none at all , or certainly but very little , the poor wretches are almost destroy'd by stomach sickness , gripes and faintings , with a great troop of irregular symptoms . therefore i am fully perswaded , having learnt by continual and repeated experience , that all purging whether by gentle or strong medicines , such as are usually design'd to purge the joints , do much hurt , whether it 's us'd in the fit to lessen the peccant matter , or at the end to dissipate the relicks of the disease , or in a perfect intermission or good health , to hinder the approaching fit. for i have found at my own peril , as well as of others , that catharticks administred at any of these times , have been so far from doing good , that they have hasten'd the mischief they should have prevented . first therefore purging when the fit rages , disturbing nature when she is busied in separating the morbifick matter , and in putting it off upon the joints , sometimes occasions a great confusion of the spirits , so that the fit is not only increas'd thereby , but the patient's life also is not a little hazarded ; and then catharticks us'd at the end of the fit , instead of removing the relicks of the disease , bring on another fit afresh , as bad as the former , and thus the sick being vainly deceiv'd , contrives misery for himself , which he had not felt , if the humours had not been inrag'd again : which inconvenience i have found often , having preposterously crav'd for medical help , to expel as i thought the relicks of the disease . lastly , as to purging to be repeated at certain intervals , and in perfect health , to prevent the fit , though which must be confess'd , there is not so much danger of a new fit , as in the case just mention'd , when the patient was not wholly freed , yet at this time it produces a fit ; and if by chance the patient is not presently seiz'd , yet it does not at all free him from the disease , though he take this or that purge constantly at due distances , for i have known some obnoxious to this disease , who have not purg'd only at spring and autumn , but also monthly and weekly , that they might recover their health , and yet none of these have escaped the gout , for most commonly it handl'd them more cruelly afterwards , and with worse symptoms than if they had taken no physick at all . for though the said purging might take away some part of the containing cause , yet no way conducing to the corroboration of concoction ( so far from that is it , that it debilitates the same , and wounds nature afresh , ) it opposes only one cause , and so is wholly unable to cure the disease . but this must be noted moreover , that from the same defect of the spirits , whereby the concoctions are vitiated , in those who are wont to have the gout , the frame of the same animal spirits is render'd less firm and vigorous , so that 't is presently disturb'd by any cause , whereby the mind or body is somewhat violently mov'd , and so very fleeting and shatter'd is it , as it happens to those that are subject to hysterick and hypochondriacal diseases . from which inclination of the spirits to be disturb'd , it comes to pass that the gout most commonly follows the least evacuation . the tone of the body being dissolv'd , which the firmness of the spirits whilst they continue vigorous , keeps compact and brisk , the peccant matter moves without resistance ; and by this injury to the body a fit is presently occasion'd . but how pernicious soever this method is , yet some empericks are much esteem'd for it , by cunningly concealing the purging medicine they use ; for it must be observ'd , that during the purging , the patient has little or no pain at all ; and if purging could be continu'd many days , and no new fit supervene , the sick would presently recover of that he has now upon him ; but truly he will be dreadfully punish'd afterwards by the confusion into which the said agitation of the humours has precipitated nature . lastly , the evacuation of the peccant matter by sweat , though it does less hurt than the foresaid evacuations , yet it plainly appears to be injurious , for though it don't draw back the fomes of the disease into the bowels , but on the contrary , drives it to the habit of the body ; yet for these reasons it does hurt . first indeed because when the fit is off , it forces the humours as yet crude and not prepar'd for separation , upon the limbs , by which means it brings the fit before its time , and contrary to nature's consent ; and then because the forcing of sweat in the fit , does cast the morbifick matter too violently upon the affected member , and occasions at the same time an intollerable pain ; and if the quantity of the peccant matter is greater than can be contained in the affected part , it forces it presently upon other members , and upon which account there is a great ebullition and fury of the blood and other humours ; and if the body abounds very much with serous matter , fit to generate the gout , there 's danger lest an apoplexy should be occasion'd . wherefore in this disease as well as in all other , wherein sweat is provok'd by art , to cast forth the morbifick matter , and does not come naturally , 't is very dangerous to force them out too violently , and beyond that degree of concoction whereunto the humours to be evacuated have come of their own accord . and that excellent aphorism of hippocrates , that things concocted , not crude , are to be medicated , is of as much use in provoking sweat , as in purging the belly , which is very apparent in that sweat that uses to come at the latter end of agues , which if it is moderate and agreeable to the concocted quantity of febrile matter of the preceding fit , much relieves the sick ; but if it 's forc'd beyond nature's bounds , by keeping the sick continually a-bed , a continual fever is occasion'd , and instead of extinguishing the former fire , a new one is kindled . in like manner in the gout , that gentle breathing sweat which most commonly comes in the morning of its own accord after each of the small fits , whereof as i have said the great fit consists , mitigates both the pain and restlessness , wherewith the sick has conflicted all the night . but on the contrary , when at any time this gentle breathing sweat that naturally soon goes off , is provoked longer and more violently than the proportion of peccant matter requires , the disease is encreas'd thereby . therefore in this disease and in all other i have ever seen , except the plague only , 't is not so much the physicians , as nature's business to force sweat , because we can't know by any means what part of matter is already prepar'd for such a separation , and by consequence what measures we are to take in provoking it . now seeing it plainly appears from what has been said , that 't is not only in vain to endeavour the cure of the gout by evacuating medicines , but that they are also injurious to gouty people , it remains , that we inquire to what other end the curative indications are to be directed . i indeed having accurately weigh'd , and diligently examin'd the foresaid phaenomena , gather from thence that we must have respect to two causes chiefly in the cure of this disease ; the first is the antecedent cause , or the indigestion of the humours arising from a defect of heat and natural spirits ; the other is the containing cause , or the heat and boiling of the humours , when they are putrified and grown sharp by remaining too long in the body , which their delay is occasion'd by the indigestion above mention'd : these causes are so absolutely contrary one to the other , that those remedies that do good for this , are injurious for the other ; upon which account this disease is so very difficultly cur'd . for when we endeavour to remove indigestion by hot medicines , there 's danger lest on the other hand we increase the heat of the humours ; and when on the contrary we would mitigate the hot and acrid humours , either by cooling remedies or diet , we occasion indigestion , the natural heat being weaken'd . but here by the containing cause , i don't only mean that which actually besieging the joints , forms the fit , but that moreover which lurking in the blood , is yet unfit for separation ; for all the morbifick matter is very seldom so clearly ejected , how long and severe soever the fit has been , as that there are no relicks of it in the body , after the paroxism is gone off , and therefore regard must be had to this cause , as well when the fit is off , as when it rages . but forasmuch as the ejection of the containing matter is wholly nature's business , it must be done by her method alone , for nothing can be in the mean time attempted to asswage the hot and acrid humours , without injury to the digestions , only the sick must forbear hot medicines and diet whereby the humours are inflam'd ; so that certainly the greatest and chiefest intention of curing , consists in helping concoction , by removing indigestions , of which i will now treat , yet so as that in the series of my discourse , i may touch upon those remedies occasionally , which conduce to the asswaging of the heat , and sharpness of the humours . therefore whatever helps nature in duly performing her offices , either by strengthening the stomach , that it may concoct the nourishment well , or the blood , that it may duly assimilate the chyle brought into it , or by strengthening the solid parts that they may the better convert the juices design'd for their nourishment and increase , into their proper substance . lastly , whatever preserves the organs of excretion , and the emunctories of the body , in that state whereby the faeculencies of each part may in due time and order be carried off , these and all things of this kind conduce to the fulfilling this intention , and are properly call'd digestives , whether they are medicines , or a rule for diet or exercise , or any other of those things which are call'd the six non-naturals . these kind of medicines in general , are those which moderately heat , and are either bitter , or gently bite the tongue , for they are very agreeble to the stomach , they purifie the blood , and comfort the other parts . for instance , they are such as these roots of angelica , elecampane , the leaves of wormwood , the lesser centaury , germander , groundpine , &c. also those that are vulgarly call'd anti-scorbuticks may be added , as the roots of horse-radish , the leaves of garden scurvy-grass , water-cresses , and the like . but yet these acrid and pungent herbs , how pleasing soever they are to the stomach , and how much soever they help concoction , are to be us'd more sparingly than others that corroborate the stomach by their gentle heat and bitterness , and render the mass of blood more brisk and lively , for they stir up the fomes of the disease that has been long form'd , and increase the heat . some species of them neatly mix'd , are better in my opinion to concoct the humours , than any one simple of their tribe . for though when we have need of the specifick vertue of any medicine , that rule holds good , the simpler 't is , the better 't is ; but when we design to cure the sick by satisfying this or that indication , every ingredient contributes somewhat for the cure of the disease ; and in this case the greater the number of simples is , the more powerfully does the medicine work ; therefore various forms of medicines tending to this end , may be neatly fram'd of the foresaid , and of the rest of the materia medica of this sort . i prefer an electuary before the rest made like venice-treacle , as the most excellent , for that a mutual fermentation of the simples , increases the vertue of them all , as if it produc'd some third thing , which in the things so join'd , has greater vertue than any one of them in the same quantity . but i willingly leave the choice of such ingredients , and the forms wherein they are to be given , to the prudent physician ; for i never thought it my business to write receipts as they call them , but rather to note the indications , according to which the methods of cure are to be directed ; and this being not well minded , is the cause why empericks boast that they are the chief of the medical art . but for the benefit of beginners , i will set down the remedy i am wont to use , which is compounded after this manner . take of the roots of angelica , of the sweet smelling flag , of masterwort , elecampane , of the leaves of common wormwood , of the lesser centaury , of white whore-hound , of germander , of ground-pine , of scordium , of common calaminth , of feverfew , of field saxifrage , st. john's-wort , golden-rod , thime , mint , sage , rue , carduus b. penny-royal , sothernwood , of the flower of chamomel , tansie , lilly of the vallies , english saffron , of the seeds of treacle mustard , garden scurvy-grass , carraway , juniper-berries , each a sufficient quantity ; let the herbs and flowers and roots be gather'd when they have most vertue in them ; let them be dry'd , and kept in paper bags till they may be finely powder'd ; to six ounces of each well mixt , add a sufficient quantity of purified hony and canary wine , to make an electuary ; take ʒij morning and evening . or for want of this , use the following . take of the conserve of garden scurvy-grass ℥ iss , of roman wormwood , and of the yellow rind of oranges , each ℥ i , of candied angelica , of nutmegs candied , each ℥ ss , of venice treacle , ʒiij , of compound powder of wake robin ʒij , make an electuary , with a sufficient quantity of syrup of oranges ; let him take ʒij twice a day , drinking upon it five or six spoonfuls of the following water . take of the roots of horse-radish slic'd ℥ iij , of garden scurvy-grass , m. xij , of water cresses and brook-lime , of sage and mint , each m. iiij , the peel of six oranges , two nutmegs bruis'd , of brunswick mum lb xij , distil them in a common still , and draw only six pints of water for use . among the medicines commonly known , venice treacle is the best to corroborate the concoctions ; but because it contains a great many species that heat too much , and besides , a great deal of opium , the electuary above-mention'd may be more commodiously prepar'd of the chief heating vegetables ; but we must take care to choose such simples as are pleasant to the taste , for the sick must take it a long while , viz. almost as long as he lives , and therefore 't is very requisite that they should be palatable ; among the simples ; the peruvian bark is the best , for it strengthens the blood , and renders it vigorous , if some grains of it are taken morning and evening . and truly as in this disease we now treat of , so in most other chronical diseases , these and such like remedies that strengthen the blood , and render it brisk ( if their heat don't consist of vinous spirits , for reasons to be shewn hereafter , ) do most good , forasmuch as every disease of this kind , if i conjecture right , ought to be referr'd to one and the same cause , viz. the indigestion of the humours . but it can no way be made more apparent and better prov'd , than by setting in view the difference that is betwixt acute and chronical diseases ; wherefore i hope the reader will not take it amiss , if i do a little digress from the business in hand . as therefore those for the most part are accounted acute diseases , which either soon kill , or are brought to concoction , so those are chronical diseases which either are not concocted at all , or require a long time for their concoction ; and indeed the very nature of the thing , as well as the words by which 't is express'd , plainly signifie as much ; but the cause of this difference which is perceiv'd betwixt these two kinds of diseases , is more obscure , and not easily to be clear'd . i suppose 't will be worth our labour , to spend a little time in the search after it , for the clear and distinct knowledge of these things , contributes much towards the finding out true and agreeable indications for the cure of these diseases . whether the innermost bowels of the earth , if it 's proper to say so , undergo various changes , upon which account the air is infected by vapours exhaling from thence , which seems very probable to me , or whether the whole atmosphaere is infected by an alteration occasion'd by a certain conjunction of heavenly bodies : 't is most certain , that for this space of time , the air is stuff'd with particles which are injurious to the oeconomy of the human body ; and that at another time 't is impregnated with such particles , as are enemies to the bodies of some species of beasts . when at these times we breath into the naked blood , the noxious venom that 's an enemy to nature , and fall into those epidemical diseases which that is apt to produce , nature produces a fever , its usual engine to free the blood from any disagreeable matter that lodges within ; and such diseases are commonly reckon'd epidemical , and are therefore acute and short , because they have so quick and violent a motion . but besides these diseases occasion'd by an external cause , there are others as acute , proceeding from this or that peculiar inflammation of the blood , which don't depend on any general cause from the air , but on a particular irregularity or intemperies of particular bodies , which kind of fevers i call intercurrent and sporadick , which happen almost in all years . but chronical diseases have quite another genius , for though an unhealthy air of this or that kind may conduce much to the generating these diseases , yet they don 't so immediately take their rise from the air , but most commonly to the indigestion of the humours , the common parent of them all . for when any one has the principles of his nature weaken'd and worn out , either by old age , or by great and continual errors in the six non-naturals , especially in meat and drink ; or if the secretory organs have been so debilitated , that they are wholly unable to purifie the blood , and to carry off its superfluities : in these cases a greater stock of humours being heap'd up than a man's strength is able to digest , the said humours by long continuance undergo various fermentations and putrefactions , and at length break out in specie , and occasion various kinds of diseases , according to the variety of depravation ; and as these deprav'd juices have a various disposition , so they variously fall upon this or that part which is fittest to receive them , and at length by degrees they shew their long train of symptoms , which are wont to arise partly from the nature of such juices , and partly from the confusion brought upon those parts , which two join'd together , constitute the irregularity of nature , which is mark'd with the name of some disease . now 't will plainly appear , that such an impotency of nature for the concocting the humours , is the chief cause of chronical diseases , if we consider that old men whose concoctions are weaken'd , and the spirits the instruments of them wasted by the repeated functions of a long life , are more subject to these diseases than younger people , whose flame of life being more kindled , scatters those feculencies heap'd up , and whose secretory organs are constantly assisted by the natural heat , that they may not be deficient in purifying the mass of blood , unless they are oppressed , and as it were suffocated by too great a quantity of humours . moreover that such an indigestion of the humours , is the cause of most chronical diseases , is manifest from hence , viz. because winter is much more apt to breed such diseases than summer ; though some of them don't actually break out till the latter end of winter , yet the stock of humours on which they depend , increasing all the winter , is inlarg'd by that cold and raw season , weakening nature , so that she is not so able to preserve the oeconomy of the body . upon which account it happens , that they who are very well in summer , seldom escape those diseases in winter whereunto they are most inclin'd . for instance , the gout or asthma , and a cough , and the like . and from hence we may learn the reason why travelling into more southerly regions does so effectually vanquish those diseases , the cure whereof is vainly attempted in colder climates . the truth of what i have said already concerning the general cause of chronical diseases , will moreover manifest it self by that great and incredible relief which those that are afflicted with most chronical diseases , especially with a phthisis , receive by riding on horse-back , which kind of exercise invigorates and strengthens all the digestions , the natural heat being reviv'd by the continual shaking of the body , and the organs destin'd for secretion , assisted in duly performing their office of purifying the blood , so that a renovation of the ruin'd digestions must necessarily follow , and by consequence , the best constitution of body . wherefore 't is manifest enough by the reasons already alledg'd , that not only in the gout , but also in other chronical diseases , where no manifest symptom contraindicates ; such kind of hot herbs are sometimes very beneficial , for they procure the heat of summer , in the middle of winter ; tho' if we accustom our selves to the use of them in summer-time , they will the better prevent those diseases , which the contrary season is wont to occasion : and truly if they are deferr'd till winter approaches , at which time a great deal of matter is heapt up , 't is to be fear'd , we may fly too late to this refuge . but tho' ( as i have discours'd largely above ) the gout by a peculiar disposition , is made worse by catharticks ; yet in most other chronical diseases , bleeding repeated as often as there is occasion , and purging is to be order'd , before these digestive and corroborating medicines are to be us'd ; but when the patient has once enter'd upon the use of these , he must persevere , without purging betwixt whiles ; for this must be constantly maintain'd , that as often as the cure of any disease is assay'd by corroborating remedies , all evacuations are wholly injurious . lastly , i don't affirm that these digestive medicines now mention'd , are better than all others ; but this i say , that he that can find out the best remedy to answer this intention , will do much more in curing chronical diseases , than he wou'd imagine he was able to do . but this must be first taken notice of , and chiefly observ'd above all the things i am about to mention concerning the cure of the gout , namely , that all digestive remedies whatsoever , whether courses of physick , or diet , or exercise , are not to be taken up by the by , but must be us'd constantly and daily with the greatest diligence ; for whereas in this disease , as also in most other chronical diseases , the cause of it has pass'd into an habit , and is become as it were a new nature : no man in his right senses , can think that some small and short alteration , superinduc'd upon the blood and humours , by any sort of remedy or diet , can perfect the cure ; for the whole habit of the body must be chang'd , and the whole man must be as it were new fram'd ; for 't is not so here , as in some accute disease , where he that even now was strong , and perfectly well , is suddenly seiz'd with a fever , and precipitated from the best state of health , into the most dangerous disease . no , the case of the gout is quite different , where he that for many years together , by immoderately indulging himself in surfeiting and drunkenness , and neglecting his wonted exercises , is worn out by sloth and negligence , or by hard study , or continual and intense thinking , or by some other errors of life ; as if he had designedly perverted the various ferments of the body , and oppress'd the animal spirits , ( which are the chief instruments of digestion ) by which means the preternatural humours that were heapt up , break out at length , when they are arriv'd to the highest degree , and confound all , the flesh being soften'd , and the joynts weaken'd , so that they readily receive the humours falling upon them . and so at length another nature is as it were , superinduc'd by degrees , the pristine and natural oeconomy of the body being wholly subverted , and destroy'd : and those fits about which unwary and unthinking men are so busied , are indeed nothing else but the series and order of symptoms , depending on that method which nature is wont to use in driving out the matter that occasions the disease ; wherefore he labours in vain , that endeavours to drive away this disease , by this or that medicine or regimen now and then us'd . for this habit being chiefly founded , and consisting both in the weakness of all the digestions , and in the want of the natural strength of the particular parts , we must provide against both these ills , and the strength of concoction , as well as the soundness of the parts , must be reduc ▪ d and restor'd by degrees to the former state and accustom'd oeconomy of the body , tho' to do this fully and perfectly , may not seem possible , not only because any habit is difficultly chang'd into the quite contrary , but also because old age which most commonly accompanies this disease ▪ violently opposes ; yet the cure is to be endeavour'd as much as the strength and years will permit : and the nearer or farther from this mark the patient is , he will more or less avoid the tyranny of the gout . and 't is moreover to be noted , that digestive remedies , either medicinal or dietetic , are chiefly to be us'd in the intervals of the fits , and as long as may be before the next fit ; for by reason of old age , much time is requir'd , and a constant use of remedies , before the corroboration of all the concoctions and the restauration of the enfeebl'd ferments of the body , and such a soundness as is requisite for the blood and viscera can be obtain'd . but tho these remedies and other things of the same kind , may do good , yet this intention of corroborating , can't be answer'd by these things alone , but respect must be also had to those things which don 't properly belong to physick . and he will be most certainly deceiv'd that thinks he can perform the cure of this , or some other chronical disease , by medicines alone . first therefore , a mediocrity is to be observ'd in meat and drink , so that neither more nourishment be taken in , than the stomach can concoct , lest the disease shou'd be heigthen'd by it ; nor on the contrary must the parts , by too much abstinence , be defrauded of that proportion , whereby their strength and vigor ought to be sustain'd , for by so doing , they will be more weaken'd , for either is alike injurious , as i have often found in my self and others ▪ : moreover , as to the quality of the meat , tho' things of easie digestion consider'd by themselves , are to be prefer'd before things of hard digestion ; yet regard must be had to the patients palate : for we must take notice , that that which the stomach earnestly craves for , tho' of difficult digestion , is sooner conquer'd by nature , than that which is accounted to be of easier digestion , if it be offensive to the stomach ; but those things that are reckon'd of hard digestion , are therefore to be eaten more sparingly ; and i suppose the patient ought to feed upon one sort of meat at a meal ▪ for various sorts of flesh eaten at once , disturb the stomach , more than one sort eaten in the same quantity . as to other things beside flesh , let him eat at pleasure , if they are not sharp , nor salted , nor spic'd ; which tho' they don't hurt concoction , yet are they injurious , for that they exagitate the fomes of the disease . as to the times of eating , a dinner is only necessary ; for the bed being most proper to digest the humours , that time ought not to be wasted about concocting the meat ; therefore they that are subject to the gout , shou'd not eat suppers , yet they may allow themselves a large draught of small beer , for such are also most commonly inclinable to breed the stone in the kidnies , the concretion whereof , is much hinder'd by such a kind of liquor , drank at this time ▪ the reins being cool'd and cleans'd thereby . the drinking of milk , or a milk diet , either crude or boyl'd , without any thing else , except perhaps a piece of bread with it once a day , has been much us'd these twenty years , and it has done more good to many , than any other sort of remedy for this disease , as long as they kept to it : but as soon as they return'd to common diet , tho' of easie digestion , the gout return'd more violently than before , and held them longer ; for the principles of nature being weaken'd by this method , the sick was render'd less capable to repell the disease , upon which account 't was more dangerous and lasted longer . therefore he that intends to betake himself to this method , ought first to consider seriously whether he can persist in the use of it all his life long , which perhaps is not in his power , how resolv'd so ever he may be . for i knew a noble man , who after he had been dieted with milk only , a whole year with pleasure , ( all which time , he went to stool daily once or oftner ) was forc'd to leave it off , by reason he was suddenly bound in body , and the temper of his body alter'd , and because his stomach at length nauseated milk , tho' the inclination of his mind still continued . but some hypochondriacal people of a gross habit of body , or who otherwise have accustom'd themselves much and a long while to spirituous liquor , can by no means bear a milk diet. moreover , that very short and fading benefit that they receive by this diet , to whom milk is agreeable , proceeds hence , viz. not only for that this diet is most simple , ( for i don't doubt but that barly-broath , if the stomach will bear it , may do as well ) but also because it renders the blood more mild and sweet by quelling the acrid particles in it ; and moreover , which i suppose is most considerable , milk being a sort of aliment very unfit for grown people , suppresses that turgescency of the humours , which occasions the gout ; and for that reason those few with whom a milk diet agrees , are so long free from the gout as they feed upon it , and no longer ; for by being wholly contrary to the original cause of the gout , viz. the weakness of the ferments and concoctions , 't is much more injurious than beneficial . and because this has not been sufficiently regarded , some unwary people have fell into great and fatal errors ; for by endeavouring to oppose the containing cause , viz. the heat and sharpness of the humours , they have destroy'd the concoctions and all the natural functions . as to liquors , those in my opinion are best , that are neither as strong as wine , nor as weak as water , of which sort is our london small-beer , with or without hops ; for extreames on either hand are hurtful . first as to wine , tho' the proverb says , drink wine and have the gout , and drink no wine and have the gout : yet 't is without controvesie , and confirm'd by various experiments of gouty people , that wine de facto is injurious . for tho' it may be suppos'd to do good by helping the concoctions , the disorders whereof , i have long accounted the antecedent cause of the gout ; yet with respect to the containing cause , it mst be reckon'd wholly injurious , for that it fires and exagitates the humours , the fomes of the disease , already prepar'd to give battel : yet i don't grant that wine us'd for ordinary drink , does promote concoction , but rather spoyls it , unless in those that have been accustom'd to wine a long while ; for tho' as it passes by it imparts some heat , yet it certainly injures the ferments of the body , and destroys the natural spirits ; and for this reason i suppose , great drinkers dye of the gout , dropsie , palsie and other cold diseases . moreover , a continual and immoderate swilling of wine , renders the body soft like womens bodies , whereas temperate liquors strengthen and confirm the tone of all the parts ; for which reason , they that have always us'd small liquors , seldom know what the gout means . 't is moreover to be noted , that those men are most inclinable to this disease , who tho' their natural concoction is lessen'd , are nourish'd more than enough by reason of a certain luxury of the blood , and they grow bulky by some indigested matter , instead of good substance and well compacted . and drinking of wine does more increase this luxury of the blood ; and moreover , heaps up a new stock of matter , and actually occasions the disease , by firing as it were the fomes of it , which has been laid up a long while . and besides , the blood of gouty people , being very like that which is taken from those that have a pleurisie , or some other inflamatory disease ; 't would be a mad thing to inrage it more with spirituous liquors . nor on the contrary , are liquors too much cooling to be us'd ; for these by quite spoyling the concoctions , and by extinguishing the natural heat , occasion the greater mischief ; not pain as wine does , but death it self : as experience teaches in those who freely indulging themselves in drinking wine , till they are old , and betaking themselves suddenly to drink water or small liquors , have soon destroy'd themselves . therefore those that are subject to the gout , must take care that they use those liquors , that can neither cause drunkenness when they are taken in a large quantity , nor yet injure the stomach by chilling it ; of this kind as i said , is our small-beer , and a proper liquor may be made in other countries , by mixing a little water with a great deal of wine . i count water by it self , crude and injurious , and i have found it so to my hurt . but water may be safely drunk by young people , wherewith at this day , the greatest part of mankind quenches thirst , being more happy with their poverty , than we with plenty and luxury . to confirm which , i produce that great train of diseases , whereby our bodies on this accout are tortur'd , viz. the gout , stone , apoplexy , palsie and the like ; and that violence upon the mind , whereby 't is driven contrary to its native rectitude , while the adventitious spirits of such liquors , complicated with the animal spirits , serving for the forming thoughts , disturb the mind , by volatilising it too much , suggesting vain and frivolous fancies , instead of things that are solid and of some moment ; and so makes us jesters and merry fellows , instead of wise men , between which , the difference is almost the same , as betwixt a substance and a shadow : but enough of this . but now , tho' it may be sufficient for him that has the gout but a little , and at some times only , to use small-beer and diluted wine , the degree of his disease not requiring a more sever usage ; yet when the whole substance of the body is as it were , degenerated into the gout , he will be less able to conquer the disease , who does not wholly abstain from any sort of fermented liquors , tho' small and mild ; for all these contain a pungent spirit , and some degree of sharpness , and what is worse , as they have a ferment in them , ( even as yeast put into liquors , imparts a fermentative vertue to the whole mass ) so they incline the humours to a perpetual fermentation . therefore a dietetick drink must be prescrib'd of the ingredients commonly known and appointed for this use , for ordinary drink , if it be not too strong , for if so , the humours will be almost as much inrag'd as by wine : and on the contrary , it must not be so small , as to injure the natural functions , by over-cooling them . this sort of drink if it be made of such ingredients as are least displeasing to the sick , tho' the constant taking them , may cause some loathing for a week or too , will afterwards be as pleasing and as acceptable , as any other liquors to which he has been most accustom'd . and by this kind of liquor , the appetite will be increas'd , and become more natural than it us'd to be with fermented liquors . and moreover , there will be this advantage , that he that uses this dietetick liquor for his ordinary drink , may the freer indulge himself in other diet , than when he drank beer or wine , for the errors in diet ( all which 't is almost impossible for a man to avoid ) will by this means , be somewhat corrected and amended . but which is the chiefest of all , the sick may prevent the stone by this means , which is usually the constant companion of the gout ; for all sharp and attenuating liquors , occasion a fit of the stone , as well as generate it . the following liquor being of a pleasant taste and colour , pleases me best . take of sarsaparilla ℥ vi , of sassaphras , china , and the shavings of harts-horn , each ℥ ij , of liquorish ℥ i ; boyl them in two gallons of fountain water for half an hour , afterwards let them stand cover'd upon hot ashes 12 hours , afterterwards boyl it to the consumption of a third part ; as soon as 't is taken from the fire , infuse half an ounce of anniseeds , after 2 hours strain it , and let it stand till it 's clear ; keep the clear liquor in glass bottles well stopt for use . this liquor is most conveniently us'd at first , when the patient recovers of the fit , and he must persevere in the use of it all the rest of his life as well when he has the fits , as at other times . at the same time the foresaid electuary must be us'd daily , as well in the fits , as when they are off ; the heat of this will somewhat allay the waterishness of the dietetick drink , affording a due degree of heat to the blood and bowels , without that agitation which us'd to be occasion'd by the heat of fermented liquors . if any one shou'd object that that life is scarce vital , wherein a total abstinence from wine and other fermented liquors is observ'd : i answer , it must be consider'd whether it be not much more miserable and less tolerable , to be rack'd and dreadfully tortur'd by the gout , grown strong by continuance , ( for when the disease is gentle , this is not requisite ) than to be confin'd to this liquor ; the use of which being continued , he may indulge himself in almost all sorts of food : not to repeat now that this drink ( as all other things ) grows pleasant by custom . certainly he that has felt this disease , if he be a man , will not long dispute which is best . yet notwithstanding , if the sick by reason of a long and too great use of intoxicating liquors , or by reason of old age or weakness , can't concoct his meat without wine or some other fermented liquor , he can't leave it off suddenly without great danger , the doing whereof has been fatal to many . therefore in my opinion , he shou'd not use the dietetick apozem above describ'd ; but if he be resolv'd to use it , let him be accustom'd to it leisurely , ( drinking a draught of wine at meals for some time ) more like a remedy than a diet , till the decoction becomes more familiar : but spanish wine is to be preferr'd in this case before french or rhe●●sh wine , the two last being apt to inrage the humours , and to increase the fomes of the disease , tho' they are very grateful to the stomach . moreover , they are almost as crude , and scarce more concocted than our syder , and besides they are not so cordial and hot , as the case requires . and so much may suffice for the meat and drink of gouty people . there 's another thing which tho' it may seem small , yet is it of great moment , as well for digesting the fomes of the disease , when the fit is violent , as for hindering the generation of the matter , when the fit is off ; namely , that the sick , especially in winter , go to bed early ; for besides , bleeding and purging , nothing does so much destroy the strength of nature , as watching a nights , which every sickly person can affirm by experience , if he considers how much brisker and more chearful he rises ▪ when he goes to bed early , and how languid and faint he is when has sat up late ; and tho' it may seem as well , if he lyes a bed so many hours , whether he goes to bed sooner or later : for instance , whether he goes to bed at nine , and rises at five , or goes to bed at eleven , and rises at seven ; yet 't is not so , and i suppose chiefly for this reason , viz. in the day-time the spirits are dissipated , either by the exercise of the body or mind , which in people that are sickly , are so infirm and weak , that they have need of rest earlier in the evening ; for the approach of night occasioning as it were , a kind of relaxation of the economy of the body , which was kept up in the day-time , by the influence of the sun ; 't is necessary that the heat of the bed shou'd supply the want of the sun , especially in winter . but in the morning , the spirits being refresh'd and invigorated by the rest of the foregoing night , and the warmth of the bed , ( besides , for that the supervening day adds firmness and strength to the tone of the body ) rising early at this time , tho' an hour or two is taken from the morning sleep , nature is not so much injur'd as by evening watchings protracted an hour or two . wherefore i wou'd perswade those that are subject to the gout , to go to bed early ; especially in the winter , and to rise early , tho' sleep somewhat shorter , may intice them to lye longer ; for sleeping in a morning , prevents so much sleep the next night , and so at length , a force being brought upon nature , and its wise institutions despis'd , night is turn'd into day , and day into night . moreover , tranquility of mind , must by all means be obtain'd ; for all perturbations , when they break the bounds , mightly dissolve the frame of the spirits , that are the instruments of digestions ; and so by consequence , much promote the gout . therefore the sick shou'd prudently consider his own mortal condition , and not foolishly imagine that he is freed from those troubles , that necessarily follow it ; for whether he suffers this affliction of mind , either by his own fault , or fault of others , he can never prescribe laws to the world , who has not been always obedient to any one , how potent and wise soever he has been ; nor does ever all things fall out so exactly , according to any ones mind , as he fondly imagines , but suddenly as he is busied in mind about the ordering of things , he becomes the specimen of humane frailty , having unreasonably depriv'd himself of the enjoyment , of the fading fruits of life . the same inconvenience , follows too great an application of mind to study and serious things ▪ for melancholy always accompanying this disease more than any other , those that are subject to it , are wont to tire and overwhelm the animal spirits , by thinking much and long , without the artificial help of books ; and they do so mightly overthink , that the oeconomy of the body , can't any longer preserve it self whole : for which reason in my opinion , this disease seizes ( except my self if you please ) very few fools . but the exercise of the body is more profitable , than all other things that are us'd to hinder the indigestion of the humours , ( which i reckon the chief cause of the gout ) and to corroborate the blood , and to restore strength to the parts : but it must be noted , which i have mention'd above , that as in this disease , more than in any other chronical disease , the habit of the whole body ought to be chang'd , ; the exercise of the body , unless 't is daily , will do no good ; for this kind of exercise intermitted by turns , as it does scarce conduce any thing ▪ to the change of the habit of the body grown languid and esseminate , by sloth and indulgence , so perhaps it may prove injurious , by occasioning the fit when the patient has disus'd it a long while . but this exercise ought not to be violent , but such as is agreeable to old men , which are most usually the subjects of the gout . for too violent a motion of the body does too much dissipate the spirits , and by consequence hurts the concotions , whereas constant and moderate exercise strengthens them . though this may seem hard to a man , who besides old age and sloth , and the unfitness of the body for motion , which is as it were natural in this disease , is moreover punish'd with pain ; and yet if this be omitted , nothing which has been already found out will do any good . and as the intervals of the fits without constant exercise of the body can't be long , so such a one will be more prone to breed the stone , which is more dangerous and more tormenting than the gout . moreover ( which is of great moment ) the stony matter is much increas'd by long rest in the joints of the body , especially of the fingers , so that at length they are wholly deprived of all motion . for how confidently soever some people affirm , that the matter ▪ of these stones is nothing else but the tartar of the blood put off upon the joints , yet 't will easily appear to any one that does a little weigh the thing more seriously , that when a great deal of unconcocted matter causing the gout , flows upon some of the joints , and renders the neighbouring parts tumid a long while , at last it happens that partly by reason the assimulative vertue of these is choak'd , and partly by reason of a suffocating obstruction which this dull humour breeds in them , the said matter is generated , which is turn'd into this kind of substance by the heat and pain of the joints , and is daily increas'd , changing the flesh and skin into its own nature , which now lies naked , and may be pick'd out with a needle , and is like chalk , or crabs eyes , or some such thing . but now this ill may be prevented by daily exercise , by which the humours causing the gout , which are apt to seize on one part , are duly scatter'd through the whole body . so that it come to pass as i have observ'd in my self , that long and daily exercise does not only hinder the generation of this stony matter , but also dissolves the stones when they are hard and old , if they have not prevail'd so far , as to change the outward skin into their own substance . as to the kind of exercise , riding on horseback , when old age or the stone does not hinder , is much to be preferr'd before the rest : and truly i have many times thought with my self ▪ that if any one knew a medicine which he cou'd also conceal , as effectual in this and most other chronical diseases , as constant and daily riding on horse-back , he might easily get a vast estate . if this can't be us'd , riding in a coach does almost as well ; and on this account at least 't is well with gouty people , for their riches which enticed them to luxury ▪ whereby the disease was bred , can provide them a coach , which kind of exercise they may use , when they can't the other . but 't is to be observ'd , that 't is best to use exercise in a good air , viz. in the country , and not in a city , where the air is fill'd with vapours exhaling from the shops of various artificers , and thicken'd by the closeness of the buildings , as 't is here in london , which is generally suppos'd to be the most spacious city in the whole world. but how great the difference is betwixt exercising in the country , and exercise in town , any one that has the gout will soon find . as to venery , he that is old and gouty ( being now destitute of a stock of spirits , whereby the concoctions ought to be promoted , and by consequence his joints and the neighbouring parts to them are but too much weaken'd and loosen'd without this adventitious destruction , ) is equally as improvident in my opinion , if he indulge himself in these allurements , as he that having undertaken a long journey , should consume all his provisions before he sets out ; for besides the mischief he brings upon himself by not restraining the impotent desires of feeble age , he deprives himself of the great priviledge of injoying that jubile which is reserv'd as the great and special favour of nature for old men only , whereby in the last scene of their lives , they are at length emancipated from the impetuosities of lust , which like a ravenous beast worried them all the time of their youth night and day : for the full satisfaction of these appetites , can no way compensate for that long train of miseries that either accompany or follow it . and so much for the regimen . but though rules of this kind respecting diet and the other regimen , if they are carefully observ'd by those that are subject to the gout , may preserve them from violent fits of it , and may restore that strength to the blood and solid parts ▪ whereby they may be freed from the many miseries , on which account this disease exceeds humane patience , and at length becomes mortal ; yet after some intervals , especially at the latter end of winter , they will be sometimes seiz'd with the gout ▪ for though in the summer-time , when the tone and vigour of the blood is excited and preserv'd in its state by the heat of the sun , and there is likewise a due elimination of the humours through the pores , 't is reasonable to suppose , that the concoctions should proceed much better than in the winter ; yet when winter approaches , the strength of the blood being lessen'd , and the perspiration through the pores hinder'd , there must needs be a great heap of indigested matter , which by its long continuance causes a fit , as soon as occasion is offer'd , either by the humours put into motion by the patients so near approach to the sun , or by drinking of wine , or by violent exercise , or any other evident cause . 't is manifest from what has been said , that he that endeavours to cure this disease , ought to make it his business to change the habit of his whole body , and to restore its old constitution , as much as age and other circumstances will permit , which must be endeavour'd in the spaces betwixt the fits ; not when the fits are on , for when the fomes is not only generated , but now is cast upon the joint , 't is too late to strive to change it , or to cast it out any other way , for 't is to be ejected by no other method than nature shews , wherein alone we must acquiesce ; which is observ'd in the fits of agues , and for which-reason we do nothing till the heat is over : nor is he more absurd , that is anxiously busied about taking off the heat , drouth and restlefness , and other symptoms of these fevers , than he that thinks he has cur'd the gout , when he has only labour'd to restrain the symptoms ; for by this means he has only made the cure of it more difficult ; for the more he eases the pain , the more he obstructs the concoction of the humours , and the more he takes off the lameness , the more he hinders the expulsion of the morbifick matter . moreover the more the fury and the sharpness of the fit is suppress'd , 't will not only last longer , but the space betwixt the fits will also be shorter , and less free from every degree of the symptoms which accompany this disease ; which no one will deny that has well consider'd what i have treated of above concerning the history of this disease . but now though no great matter must be attempted during the fit , only the removing those symptoms , which a false method of cure sometimes occasions , yet seeing all allow that this disease proceeds from an abundance and an exuberancy of humours , it may perhaps be convenient for the patient to abstain from flesh for some days when he 's first seiz'd , and instead of it , to use simple barly broth , or some such kind of food , which sort of thin diet conduces much towards the lessening the morbifick matter , and will give nature an opportunity to digest it sooner . but forasmuch as there 's a vast difference betwixt the body of one person and another , some not bearing abstinence from flesh , but by reason of it are seiz'd with a confusion of the animal spirits , with fainting , and other symptoms which are wont to befal women that are subject to hysterical fits , these people are injur'd if they forbear flesh any longer than their stomachs loath it , which seldom lasts beyond the first or second day of the particular fits , all which join'd together as i mention'd above , make a whole fit ; but whether any one eat flesh sooner or later , great care must be taken , that they eat no more during the fit than is necessary to sustain nature . nor is less care to be taken about the quality of the diet ; for as in the intervals of the fits , so more especially when the fit is present , the sick ought to take the greatest care , that he don't at all err in the quality or quantity of his meat or drink . and moreover , more than ordinary care must be taken in observing every other regimen , as well as this in the intervals ; and though the pain as well as the unfitness for motion , may seem to contraindicate exercise which i have commended above all others things , yet this labour must be undertaken . for though at the beginning of the fit it may seem impossible that the sick should bear to be carried into a coach , and to be sure he 's much less able to bear the motion of it , and yet if he try it , he will soon perceive that he 's less pain'd by such a motion , than when he keeps at home in his chair . and moreover he has this advantage , if he ride some hours in his coach , in the morning , and after dinner , that whereas when he sat at home all day , he lay awak'd the greatest part of the night , now he can sleep away the pain a great part of the night ; for very moderate exercise does so weary a gouty man , that he falls asleep : and besides the same exercise does somewhat prevent the stone , which an easie life most commonly occasions . but what is most considerable , the total impotence of the limbs for motion , is help'd by constant exercise , which happens to many after the first or second fit , the tendons of the hams and heels being contracted ; for when by reason of the tormenting pain they have allow'd themselves to lye still a long time ( being unwilling to extend their legs when the pain has seiz'd their knees , ) at length they are depriv'd of the motion of their legs and feet all the rest of their lives , as well when the fits are off , as when they are on , for they are not freed from them . furthermore in old men , whose concoctions are much vitiated , and who by reason the disease has afflicted them many years , have as it were the very substance of their bodies turn'd to the gout , 't is not to be hop'd that the disease without exercise , can ever be brought to digestion ; for when the disease is too strong for nature , they often dye by fainting and sickness , which the abundance of the furniture for the disease that can't be concocted produces , and they are destroy'd by this matter , that can't be concocted as by poyson . but notwithstanding what has been said of the utility of exercise in the fits of the gout , yet if the sick by reason of the violence of the fit , is as it were overwhelm'd presently by the first assault of it , ( which happens to those for the most part in whom the gout has now come to its height , nor is yet grown gentle by a course of many years , ) in this case if the sick is confin'd to his chamber , 't will also be convenient that he keep his bed for some of the first days , 'till the violence of the pain is abated , for the bed does somewhat supply the want of exercise , for the continual use of it does more powerfully digest the morbifick matter in a few days , than keeping up in many , especially at the beginning of the disease , if the sick can abstain from flesh without fainting or other ill symptoms , and can be contented only with barly broth , small beer , and the like . but we must take notice that if the gout is inveterate , and inclines the sick to fainting , gripes , a looseness , and such kind of symptoms , he will scarce avoid being destroy'd by one of the fits , if he don't use exercise in a free and open air : for a great many gouty people have perish'd by these symptoms , to whom they have been obnoxious by being confin'd to their chambers , and especially to their beds ; whereas had they bore the fategue of riding in a coach the greatest part of the day , they had not died so soon . for though he that is troubled with pain only in one of his limbs , may confine himself to his chamber , yet another that instead of violent pain is afflicted ▪ with sickness , and the other foresaid symptoms , should he do the same , wou'd endanger his life ; and indeed 't is well for the sick when the pain is so violent , that he can't bear motion , for then there 's no great need of it , the very pain which is the bitterest remedy in nature , securing his life . but as to the symptoms of the gout , we must apply our selves to those whereby the life of the patient is indanger'd ; the debility and faintness of the stomach , with gripes of the belly as from wine , is the most frequent of these which befalls those who either have been subject to the gout many years , or those who though they have not been long afflicted with it , have notwithstanding invited this mischief too early , by suddenly changing spirituous liquors for those that are thin and much cooling , or by applying repelling plasters , and other cooling medicines to the parts affected , to asswage the pain ; upon which account the material cause of the disease which ought to have been put off upon the joints , is cast upon the bowels . i have tried many things for the fits of the last years to lessen this symptom ; but nothing did so much good as a small draught of canary wine taken now and then , when the sickness and faintness afflicts the sick : nor is red french wine , nor venice treacle , nor any other cordial thing which i have yet known , so effectual . but we must imagine that neither this wine , nor any other cordial if exercise be not us'd , can wholly preserve the patient . but if any great symptom scarce bearing a truce comes suddenly by reason of the striking in of the gouty matter , and threatens death , we must neither trust to the wine , nor to the exercise above commended ; but in this case , if it does not fall upon the head , but upon the natural or vital parts , we must presently fly to laudanum , namely , give twenty drops of liquid laudanum , mix'd with a small draught of epidemick water , and let the patient compose himself to rest in his bed. but if the matter occasioning the gout produces a diarrhaea , because 't is not yet cast upon the limbs , if it be not the crisis of a particular fit , and if notwithstanding laudanum above commended , and exercise of all sorts , ( for this must be first used for the cure of the diarrhaea , ) the looseness continues , accompanied with sickness and gripes , there 's only one remedy that i know of , viz. to provoke sweat , by a method and medicines design'd for this use , which if it be done two or three days , morning and evening , for two or three hours at a time , it most commonly stops the looseness , and forces the fomes of the disease upon the limbs . i cur'd my self by this method some years ago , after i had imprudently cast my self into this disease by drinking water for my ordinary drink , when i had us'd cardiack and astringent medicines of various sorts in vain . there is another symptom not so frequent , though i have seen it divers times , viz. a translation of the ●eccant matter upon the lobes of the lungs , when a winter cough by reason of cold taken in the time of the fit , has by degrees drawn the matter upon the lungs , the limbs in the mean while being wholly or almost freed from the pain and swelling , by reason of the translation of the morbifick matter upon another region ; in this one case the curative indication is not to be directed to the gout , but this symptom is to be treated as a true peripneumonia , viz. by bleeding repeated , and cooling and thickening remedies and diet ; for the blood drawn in this symptom especially , is exactly like the blood of pleuriticks . moreover the sick must be purged betwixt the bleedings , whereby the filth that 's fallen upon the lungs may be carried off . but sweating how powerful soever 't is in forcing the fomes of the disease upon the limbs , does hurt in this case , by hardening the matter that 's thrust upon the lungs ; upon which account small abscesses are generated , and at length the sick certainly dies . moreover 't is to be noted , that almost all gouty people , when they have conflicted a long while with this disease , are subject to the stone of the kidnies ; and that they are wont to be troubled with nephretick pains , either in the state , but most commonly at the declination of a general fit , which don 't only torture him much , but also weakens him much , whereas he was but too much weaken'd and worn out before . in this case , setting aside all other medicines , let him presently take a gallon of posset-drink , wherein ℥ ij of the roots of marsh mallows has been boyl'd , and let the following clyster be injected . take of the roots of marsh-mallows , and lillies , each ℥ i , of the leaves of mallows , pellitory of the wall , bears breach , and of the flowers of chamomel , each m i , of flax and fennugreek seeds , each ℥ ss , boil them in a s. q. of water to lb iss , dissolve in the straining of brown sugar and syrup of marsh-mallows , each ℥ ij , mingle them , and make a clyster . as soon as he has render'd all the posset-drink by vomiting , and has rejected the clyster , let him take a large dose of liquid laudanum , viz. to xxv drops , or xv grains of mathew's pill . if any one inquires for external remedies to ease the pain of the gout , i have hitherto known none , ( though i have tried many in my self and others , ) excepting things meerly cooling and repelling , the use whereof i have shew'd above is dangerous . and i considently affirm , that the greatest part of those who have perished in the gout , have not so properly been kill'd by the disease , as by an improper use of medicines . but if any one will try the vertue of external remedies , which are certainly accounted anodines , don't let him impose upon himself , by applying them at the declination of a particular fit , at which time the pain is about to cease of it self ; but rather let him use them at the beginning of a fit , and then he will soon perceive how fruitless they are , and how vain his hopes . for indeed these epithems may do hurt sometimes , but they can never do any good . for which reason i have us'd no external remedies many years . the pultis made with white bread and saffron boil'd in milk , adding oyl of roses in small quantity , did heretofore do me more good than other things , and yet this signified nothing at the beginning of the fit. therefore if the pain be very violent , 't will be better for the sick to keep himself a bed , 'till the pain is a little abated , than to use external anodines . but 't will not be amiss to take a little laudanum in the evening , if the pain is intollerable , otherwise 't will be better to omit it . but seeing i am now speaking of external remedies , i must say something of the indian moss , call'd moxa , greatly esteem'd of late for the cure of the gout , if it be burnt a little upon the part affected . though this kind of remedy is said to be receiv'd from the oriental indians , being wholly unknown by the europeans ▪ yet 't will appear to be known among us many ages , to him that shall consult the writings of hippocrates , published above two thousand years ago . he says in his excellent treatise of diseases , that if the pain continues obstiuate in any one part , and can't be expell'd by medicines , in what ever part it is , you must burn it with crude flax. and afterwards speaking of the gout , he says , the same things are good , which are proper in the diseases of the joints ; and indeed this disease is long and grievous , but not deadly . but if the pain remains in the fingers , burn the veins in the fingers , above the joints , with crude flax. now i suppose no one will think that there 's any specifick difference betwixt the flame rais'd by flax , or by this indian moss , no more than he can suppose that a fire kindled with pieces of oak , can do any thing more than the wood of the ash-tree . this burning of the part affected may be useful for mitigating the pain , the most spirituous part of the morbifick matter cast off upon the joints , being drawn out by it ; but the benefit obtain'd by this means , forasmuch as it does not any way cure indigestion , the antecedent cause of the gout must needs be very short and fading , and to be used only when the gout is beginning . for when the gout , as it sometimes happens , is turn'd inward , either by its long continuance , or by an unseasonable and undue use of medicines , and so afflicts the patient rather with sickness , gripes , and a great many other symptoms of this kind than with pain , i suppose no one will think that fire is to be used . chap. v. of the bloody urine from the stone in the kidnies . though it may seem imprudent to publish an observation , whereof i have had only experience in my self , yet i suppose no unprejudic'd person will be angry with me , who have been so much and so long troubled with a bloody urine , occasion'd by the stone in the kidnies , for commiserating those that are afflicted with the same disease , and for discovering those remedies that have eas'd me ; though they are vulgar perhaps , and lightly accounted of . in the year 1660 , the gout seiz'd me more violently , and continued longer than ever ; and when on this account i lay'd continually for two months in the summer-time , either in or upon a soft bed ; towards the latter end of the fit i began to feel a dull and heavy pain , especially in my left kidney , and sometimes , though rarely , in my right . and when i recover'd from the gout , yet notwithstanding the pain of the kidnies remain'd , which made me fear the stone , though the pain was not at all acute , but tollerable enough ; for i had not yet had a nephretick fit , which is accompanied with violent pain , stretching it self through the passage of the ureters , and with violent vomiting . but though these signs of the stone in the kidnies did not appear , yet i had good reason to believe , that i had a large stone in the pelvis of the kidnies , which because 't was too large to pass into the passage of the ureters , did not occasion the foresaid symptoms . and many years after i found i was not mistaken ; for when in the winter , 1676 , presently after the breaking of a violent frost , i had walk'd much and a long time , i immediately render'd urine mix'd with blood , and so i did as often as i walk'd much , or rode in a coach in pav'd streets , though the horses went gently ; but this did not happen to me , how far so ever i travell'd in the great roads that are not pav'd the urine that i voided then , though it look'd terrible as i render'd it , almost like pure blood , yet soon after 't was limpid and like it self at the top , the blood clodding by it self at the bottom . for the cure of this disease , i bled largely in the arm , and after general purges , i us'd cooling and incrassating medicines of various kinds , and a diet agreeable to these things , and carefully avoided acid and acrid and attenuating liquors . but these and many other things which it would be tedious to mention , doing no good , and fearing to provoke the stone forward , which i suspected was too big to be expell'd by chalybeat waters , at length i left off all hopes of doing any good by them , and chiefly because i had observ'd , that some old men of my acquaintance had hasten'd their end , while they were attempting in vain to cure this disease by such remedies . wherefore i resolv'd to try no more , only by avoiding as much as i cou'd the motion of the body , to prevent this disease . but at length considering how wonderfully some praise the lithontriptick vertue of the seed of the ash-tree , i imagin'd that if the seed of it had so much vertue , 't was very probable that the manna of the ash , shou'd have more ; that as the excellent botanist mr. ray , and many other writers say , not being airy hony or coelestial dew , but rather a liquor sweating out of the leaves , the trunk and branches of ash-trees in calabria ; the truth whereof , was confirm'd to mr. ray , ( when he travel'd italy , ) by a learned physician , who oft-ten gather'd manna from the branches and leaves , when they were exactly cover'd with linen cloaths ▪ see ray's catalogue of english plants . therefore being about to make the experiment , i drank ℥ ijss of manna dissolv'd in lb ij of whey , swallowing now and then a little of the juice of lemons , while i was purging , to quicken this cathartick , which us'd to work slowly , and to render it more pleasing to the stomach . it can scarce be said how much ease i receiv'd about the region of the reins , by the use of this remedy ; for tho' before they did not alwas ake , yet they were affected with a heavy and troublesome pain . and because it succeeded so well with me , i took the same cathartick on a set day once a week , for some months ; and after every purge , i plainly found my self better and could bear the shaking of a coach when it went fast , and was indeed wholly freed from this symptom till the last spring , at the approach whereof , having been miserably afflicted with the gout all the foregoing winter , and by reason of my unfitness for motion , having liv'd without exercise more than i us'd to do , the bloody urine return'd again ; and now i doubted whether i shou'd betake my self again to purging , because of late years , the whole substance of my body being as it were , turn'd into the fomes of the gout , the gentlest purge did most certainly occasion a fit of the gout ; at length i consider'd , that if i gave a paregorick every night after purging , to quiet the tumult the purge had rais'd , i might safely resume my old method of taking manna once a week . therefore in the morning i took ℥ ijss of manna in lb ij of whey , and in the evening xvi of liquid laudanum in small-beer , repeating the manna and laudanum in the said manner , twice a week for three weeks ; afterwards i us'd the manna only once a week , the filth of the humours being so copiously discharg'd by the cathartick , that the gout was not greatly to be fear'd , and my reason telling me , that if the manna was endow'd with any faculty that is dissolving , or any other way lithontriptic , to be sure the vertue and efficacy of the remedy i trusted in , wou'd be somewhat lessen'd by such an astringent medicine as laudanum is ; and therefore i thought it better to omit the hypnotic , seeing i purg'd only once a week . i continued this method some months , always purging of the same day of the week ; nor wou'd i break this custom , upon any account whatever . tho' the pain of the back remitted after the first dose of this remedy as formerly , yet soon after purging repeated , made the gout appear , threatning war sometimes in the limbs , and sometimes in the bowels ; but laudanum strongly repress'd these motions of the disease : and this method succeeding well hitherto , i thought i ought to continue it , both to prevent the return of the bloody urine , and to lessen somewhat the matter that generates the stone , which answer'd according to my desire , this hemorrhage wholly vanishing from the time i first publish'd this treatise , and therefore i quite left off the manna . therefore as to purging , ( if there is a bloody urine , and if manna be only us'd according to the method above deliver'd ) i must retract my opinion which i publish'd concerning the gout , viz. that 't is no way fit that people subject to the gout , shou'd be purg'd either at the beginning , or at the declination , or in the intervals of the fit. for then it did not come into my mind , that the fit occasion'd by the purge , cou'd be restrain'd , by giving an hypnotic at night . yet with respect only to the gout , all evacuations do much hurt , and therefore are not to be admitted , unless the foresaid symptom requires the use of them . i will add these things concerning the regimen and manner of diet , which seems to me , proper for those that are troubl'd with either of these diseases ; for i wou'd by no means pass by any thing that may be of use to those that are afflicted with the same diseases i am . in the morning when i rise , i drink a dish or two of tea , and then ride in my coach till noon ; when i return home , i moderately refresh my self with any sort of meat of easie digestion that i like ; ( for moderation is necessary above all things ) presently after dinner every day , i drink somewhat more than a quarter of a pint of canary wine , to promote the concoction of the meat in my stomach , and to drive the gout from my bowels : when i have dined , i betake my self to my coach again , and when i have leisure , i ride into the country two or three miles for good air. a draught of small-beer , is to me instead of a supper , and i take another draught when i am in bed and about to compose my self to sleep , that by this julap i may cool and dilute the hot and acrid juices lodg'd in the kidnies , whereof the stone is generated . and i prefer at this time , and at dinner-time , small-beer that has hops in it , before that which has none . for tho' that which is not hopt , is smoother and softer , and so fitter to carry off the stone from the kidnies , yet that which is hopt , by reason of the stiptic quality which the hops impart to it , is not so apt to generate sandy and stony matter , as that which is not hopt ; the substance whereof , is more viscous and slimy . i take care to go to bed early , especially in winter , than which nothing is better to render the concoctions perfect , and likewise to preserve that form and order which of right , belongs to nature . whereas on the contrary , night-works lessen all the concoctions of old men that labour with any chronical disease , and dangerously wound their vital principle . and to prevent a bloody urine by reason of the stone , i take great care that as often as i am to ride a long way upon the stones , ( for if i travel never so far in a coach in the common roads , i receive no damage ) to drink a large draught of small-beer before i go into the coach , and also before my return , if i have been abroad a pretty while , whereby i secure my self very well from the bloody urine . but as to the gout , i will add this one thing , of late years by reason of some errors about the six non-naturals , the gouty matter sometimes strikes in , the signs whereof are violent sickness with vomiting , and some pain of the belly , the limbs in the mean while are suddenly free from pain , and more fit for motion than is usual . in this case i drink a gallon of posset-drink , or small beer , and as soon as 't is all rejected by vomiting , i drink a small draught of canary wine , with eighteen drops of liquid laudanum in it to compose me to rest ; and by this means i have divers times rescued my self from imminent death . though perhaps it may seem ridiculous , ( especially for one who 's being well or dead , is scarce of any consequence , ) to make such frequent mention of one's self , yet these things are said , to the intent others may be benefited thereby , whose lives or health are of greater value or moment . lastly , 't is to be noted into what great danger some that are afflicted with the gout and stone cast themselves , by taking unadvisedly manna dissolv'd in purging mineral waters ; for though when 't is taken this way , it works quicker , and is not so nauseous , yet these little conveniencies can't equal an injury occasion'd by the waters on another account . for if the stone in the kidnies is so large , that it can't pass through the passage of the ureters into the bladder , these waters most commonly occasion a fit , which indures to the great hazard of the patient's life , till the stone returns into the pelvis . nor can the sick safely venture upon chalybeat waters , unless he can can certainly know first that the stone is not so large , but that it may either find or make a way through the ureters , which so far as i understand , can be known only certainly this way ; viz. if before he has been seiz'd with a nephritick fit , ( with violent pain in either of the reins , stretching it self through the passages of the ureters with violent vomiting , ) he has found that there is not so properly a large stone in the pelvis , as a heap of small stones , whereof one will now and then fall into the ureter , and so cause a fit , which does not go off 'till the stone is thrust down into the bladder . when the case is so , there 's no more effectual remedy , either to prevent the increase of small stones , or to drive them from the reins , than the drinking freely of chalybeat waters a long while every summer . but because it often happens , that one is seiz'd with a nephritick fit , when these mineral waters are not to be got , or when the season of the year is not favourable for drinking of them . in this case you must proceed in that short method for the stone in the kidnies , mention'd at the latter end of the foregoing chapter . but if the sick is of a sanguine constitution , and not antient , ℥ x of blood must be first taken from the arm of the same side with the affected kidney . but old men worn out by some chronical disease , and old women subject to vapours , ( especially if at the beginning they void a black and sandy urine , ) must not bleed ; but as to other things , they must proceed wholly according to the method now deliver'd . but to return to the stone when 't is large , the business in hand , if the nephritick person was never seiz'd with a fit of the stone , that being too large to fall out of the pelvis , iron waters can't be us'd for reasons above-mention'd , without present danger . nor does the use of mineral waters prove better in gouty people , if they are old , as they are most commonly , and of a weak and phlegmatick habit of body , for in these the strengh of nature is so much lessen'd , that 't is greatly to be fear'd that such a quantity of water may wholly overwhelm it . but whether this is the cause of the injury that falls upon men of such a habit of body or constitution or not , i am sure many whose bodies have been much broken by this disease , have been kill'd by these waters . finis . publish'd by the same author , and sold by henry bonwicke at the red lion in st. paul's church-yard , collections of acute diseases , in five parts : 1. of the small pox and measles . 2. of the plague and pestilential fevers . 3. of continual fevers . 4. of agues , a pleurify , peripneumonia , quinsey , and the cholera morbus . 5. and last , of the bloody-flux , miscarriage , of acute diseases of women with child , a rheumatism , bleeding at nose , apoplexy , lethargy , and of several other diseases . notes, typically marginal, from the original text notes for div a53910-e3190 the cure. the hysterick colick . a general treatise of the diseases of maids, bigbellied women, child-bed-women, and widows together with the best methods of preventing or curing the same / by j. pechey ... pechey, john, 1655-1716. 1696 approx. 317 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 162 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; 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(eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a53915) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 63569) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 327:10) a general treatise of the diseases of maids, bigbellied women, child-bed-women, and widows together with the best methods of preventing or curing the same / by j. pechey ... pechey, john, 1655-1716. [13], 256, [6] p. printed for henry bonwick ..., london : 1696. advertisements: p. [1]-[6] at end. reproduction of original in british library. includes index. pages 19-27 are tightly bound in filmed copy. beginning-p. 33 photographed from trinity college library, dublin copy, and inserted at end. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng women -diseases -early works to 1800. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2006-06 derek lee sampled and proofread 2006-06 derek lee text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a general treatise of the diseases of maids , bigbellied women , child-bed-women , and widows , together with the best methods of preventing or curing the same . by j. pechey of the college of physicians in london . london , printed for henry bonwick , at the red-lyon in st. paul 's church-yard , 1696. the preface woman of all the creatures is the fairest and most beautiful , kind nature having bestow'd on her a delicate and fine habit of body , and design'd her only for an easie life , and to perform the tender offices of love ; whereas , she compos'd man of more robust principles , that he might be able to protect the woman , to delve and manure the earth , and to undergo the other toils of life . but by reason of this curious frame , the fair sex ( as other fine things are ) is subject to many injuries , for besides the common calamities , there are many great and dangerous diseases peculiar to women arising from their constitutions , monthly purgations , pregnancy , labours and lying in . their constitution disposes them to hysteric diseases , which resemble almost all the diseases mankind is subject to , viz. an apoplexy , epilepsie , palpitation of the heart , coughs , violent vomiting , colick , stone in the kidnies , and many other . pains and sometimes swellings in the jaws , shoulder hands , thighs and legs accompany these diseases . nor can the teeth free themselves from this disease : but the most cmomon pain , is the pain of the back . a dejection of mind also accompanies this disease continually . a suppression or immoderate flux of the courses , causes many disorders in the body , so also does their flowing before their due time , or their staying longer than they should , and their complication with other diseases renders the cure difficult . all the time their being with child , which is a nine months sickness , they are inclined to nauseousness , vomiting , to pains of the back , reins , and hips , violent coughs , swellings of the legs and thighs , piles , and many other diseases , and upon some indispositions of the body to miscarriage , which is the worst and most dangerous of all . when they are in labour , and when they lie in , they are encompassed with many difficulties and dangers , viz. an ill position of the child , suppression of the lochia , floodings , fevers , after pains , apostemations of the breasts , and many other diseases . so that if nature had not wisely tacked an appetite to things necessary , we must conclude , the preservation of individuals and of species too would not have been near so well provided for as now it is . the following treatise is a collection from rodericus a castro and others , that have wrote well of womens diseases , and i judge it may be serviceable to ladies and gentlewomen , who charitably dispence physick , and give advice to their poor neighbours in the country , where there is no physician near ; and it may be also of use to physicians , chyrugeons and midwives , it being a general treatise of womens diseases and the methods and medicines contained in it , being approved and frequently practised by the most renowned authors of each physical province . from the angel and crown in basing-lane , london june the 16th . 1696. john pechey . the index . page . abscesses 194 acrocordo 233 acute diseases of women in child-bed 165 after-pains 161 allantois 84 amnios 82 back pains 98 barrenness 53 bath-waters 8 belly-bound 96 bloody-flux 103 breasts cancerated 214 caesarian delivery 150 chaps in the nipples 173 child-bed purgations 161 child dead 148 choice of a nurse 182 clefts of the privities 233 clitoris 61 conception 73 condyloma 233 corion 82 cough 100 courses 14 , 19 , 22 , 28 , 30 , 37 , 45 , 46 , 104 decoction 99 delirium 170 dropsie of the womb 203 eggs 69 emulsion 99 epilepsie 170 fallopian tubes 71 ficus 233 flooding 105 , 158 green-sickness 13 hermophrodites 61 hill of venus 59 hip-pains 98 hymen 63 hysteric diseases 1 infant nourished 88 inflation of the womb 203 labour hard 143 labour contrary to nature 122 legs swell'd 100 liquid laudanum 12 loosness 102 lozenges 115 madness 170 melancholy ibid 245 milk 173 , 179 miscarriage 107 mole 75 myrtle berry caruncles 64 navel-string 86 nymphs 60 piles 101 privities 59 , 106 , 191 reins pain'd 98 scabs of the privities 233 secundine retain'd 155 sphincter 64 stone of the womb 226 suckling of a child 182 superfaetation 78 testicles 68 thymus 233 tumours from milk 173 vlcers corrosive 194 vomiting 97 vrachus 87 vrine difficult 100 warts 233 water breaking 121 whites 52 womb closed 42 womb 65 womb-cake 80 woman with child managed 95 womb bearing down 106 womb falling 201 womb cancerated 214 womb worms 226 wrinkles in the belly 188 a general treatise of womens diseases . chap. i. of the hysteric disease . this disease proceeds from a weakness and confusion of the spirits , and is not only very frequent , but also so wonderfully various , that it resembles almost all diseases mankind is subject to : for after hard labour , or some great disturbance of the mind , it occasions an apoplexy , which ends in a palsie of half the body . sometimes it produces violent convulsions very like the falling-sickness , and these are commonly call'd mother-fits . sometimes it possesses the outward part of the head , causing violent pain continually fixt in one part , which may be cover'd with the top of the thumb , and violent vomiting accompanies this pain . it also occasions sometimes a great palpitation of the heart , and sometimes the woman coughs without intermission , but spits up nothing . sometimes rushing violently upon the region under the heart , it causes violent pain much like the twisting of the guts , and the woman vomits exceedingly , and casts up a green matter , and sometimes matter of an unusual colour ; and often after the sick have been almost destroy'd by the said pain , and the reachings to vomit , it is at length carried off by the jaundice tincturing the surface of the body like saffron . the sick is much dejected , and despair as certainly accompanies this kind of hysteric disease , as the pain and vomiting above mention'd . when this disease falls upon one of the kidnies , it plainly represents by the pain it causes there a fit of the stone ; and it is difficult to distinguish it from the stone , unless perchance some unlucky accident disturbing the womans mind a little before she was taken ill , shews that it was an hysteric disease . nor is the bladder free from this false symptom ; for it does not only cause pain there , but it also stops the urin. sometimes falling upon the stomach it causes continual vomiting , and sometimes a loosness when it is settled upon the guts , but no pain accompanies either of these symptoms . and as this disease afflicts almost all the inward parts , so sometimes it seizes all the outward parts , occasioning pain , and sometimes a swelling in the jaws , shoulders , hands , thighs , legs ; but the swelling of the legs is plainer seen than the rest , and contrary to swellings in the dropsie , is most in the morning ; nor being pressed does it leave a pit , and most commonly it swells only one of the legs . nor can the teeth free themselves from the assaults of this disease , tho they are not hollow ; and tho there is no apparent defluction , that may occasion the pain , yet it is no whit gentler nor shorter nor easier cured . but the pain of the back is most common , which most certainly all feel , how little soever they are afflicted with this disease . moreover this is common to the foresaid pains , that the place whereon they were , is tender and akes as if it were soundly beaten , but this tenderness goes off by degrees . and this is worth observing , that often a notable coldness of the outward parts makes way for these symptoms , which for the most part does not go off till the fit ends ; which coldness is almost like that wherewith a carcass grows stiff , yet the pulse is good . moreover all hysteric women complain of a dejection and sinking of the spirits , and sometimes laugh excessively , and at other times cry as much , without any real cause for either . but the most proper and almost inseparable symptom , is a urin as clear as rock-water . sometimes ill fumes are belched up , and sometimes the wind that comes from the stomach is sower just like vinegar : but their minds are more affected than their bodies ; for an incurable desperation is mixt with the very nature of the disease . a day would scarce be sufficient to reckon up all the symptoms belonging to this disease , and i think demetrius reckn'd pretty right , tho he mistook the cause of the disease , when he said , in an epistle to hippocrates , that the womb was the cause of six hundred miseries and of innumerable calamities . the external causes of this disease are either violent motions of the body , or which is much oftner , vehement disturbances of the mind ; to these disorders of the mind which are usually the occasion of this disease , is to be added emptiness of the stomach by reason of long fasting , inmmoderate bleeding , a vomit or purge that works too much . in order to the cure , i order that eight ounces of blood be taken from the right arm , and that the following plaister be apply'd to the navel . take of galbanum dissolved in tincture of castor and strain'd three drachms , of tacamahaca two drams , mix them , make a plaister . the next morning let her use the following pills . take of the pill coch-major two scruples , of castor powder'd two grains , of peruvian balsam four drops , make four pills ; let her take them at five in the morning , and sleep after ; repeat them twice or thrice , every morning , or every other morning , according to the womans strength , and as they work . take of the waters of black-cherries , rhue , and compound briony , each three ounces ; of castor ty'd up in a rag , and hanged in the viol half a dram ; of fine sugar a sufficient quantity , make a julep , whereof let her take four or five spoonfulls when she is faint , dropping into the first dose , if the fit is violent , twenty drops of the spirit of harts-horn . after the purging pills just described are taken , let her use the following . take of the filings of steel eight grains , with a sufficient quantity of extract of wormwood , make two pills , let her take them early in the morning , and at five in the afternoon , for thirty days , drinking upon them a draught of wormwood wine . or if she like a bolus better ; take of the conserves of roman wormwood , and of the yellow peel of oranges each one ounce , of angelica and nutmegs candied and of venice treacle each half an ounce , of candied ginger two drachms , make an electuary with a sufficient quantity of syrup of oranges . take of this electuary one drachm and an half , of the filings of steel well rub'd eight grains , make a bolus with a sufficient quantity of syrup of oranges , to be taken in the morning , and at five in the evening , drinking upon it a glass of wormwood-wine . take of choice myrrh and galbanum each one drachm and an half , of castor fifteen grains , with a sufficient quantity of balsam peru , make twelve pills of every drachm ; let her take three every night , and drink upon them three or four spoonfuls of compound briony water through the whole course of this process . but if these pills move the body , which sometimes they do in bodies that are very easily purged , the following may be used instead of them . take of castor one drachm , of volatile salt of amber half a drachm , with a sufficient quantity of extract of rue , make twenty-four small pills , let her take three every night . but steel medicines , which must be noted , occasion sometimes in women great disorders both of body and mind , and not only on the first days , which is usual almost in every body , but also all the time they are taken : in this case the use of steel must not presently be interrupted , but laudanum must be given every night for some time in some hysteric water that they may the better bear it . but when the symptoms are mild , and it seems the business may be done without steel , i think it sufficient to bleed and to purge three or four times , and then to give the altering hysteric pills above-mentioned morning and evening for ten days , which method seldom fails , when the disease is not violent , yea the pills alone bleeding and purging being omitted , do often a great deal of good . but some women can't bear hysteric medicines , and are much injured thereby , therefore they must not be given to such . if the blood is so very feeble , and the confusion of the spirits so great , that steel ordered to be used according to the method prescribed is not sufficient to cure the disease , the sick must drink tunbridge-waters or the like , for they cure diseases more efectually than any preparation of iron ; but if in drinking of them any sickness happen that belongs to hysteric symptoms , the sick must forbear drinking them a day or two , till that symptom that hindred their passage is quite gon . and it is to be noted , that purging must be avoided all the time the woman drinks these waters . but if this disease does not yeild to steel-waters , the sick must go to the bath , and when she has used the waters of it three mornings following , the next day let her go into the bath , and the day following let her drink them again , and so let her do by turns for two months , for in these and others of what kind soever they are , the patient must persist in the use of them till she is quite well : venice-treacle used often and a long time is a great remedy in this disease . spanish-wine , with gentian , angelica , worm-wood , centory , and other strengthening things infus'd in it , does a great deal of good , some spoonfuls of it being taken thrice a day , if the woman be not thin and of a cholerick habit of body . and truly a large draught of spanish-wine taken by it self at bed-time for some nights has been very beneficial to some women . jesuits-powder also wonderfully comforts and invigorates the blood and spirits , a scruple of it being taken morning and evening for some weeks . but if the remedies above-mentioned don't well agree , which often happens in thin and choleric constitutions , then a milk-dyet may be used , for some women ( which one would wonder at at first ) that have been a long while afflicted with hysteric diseases , and could be relieved no other way , have been recovered by dieting themselves for some time only with milk ; and especially those that labour with an hysteric cholick , which can't be appeased by any thing but opiates , to which repeated women are much accustom'd , the pains returning as soon as the vertue of the opiate fades . but riding on horse back or in a coach every day for a long while is the best remedy . this is the general way of curing this disease , which is apply'd to the original cause , namely , the weak constitution of the blood , and so is to be used only when the fit is off , therefore as often as the fit comes join'd with any one of the fore-said symptoms , if the disease be such or so great an one that it will not bear a truce till it may be cured by medicines that strengthen the blood and spirits , we must presently make use of hysteric medicines , which by their strong and offensive smell , recall the disorderly and deserting spirits to their proper stations ; whether they are taken inwardly or smelt to , or outwardly apply'd , such are assa-faetida , galbanum , spirit of sal armoniac , and lastly whatever has a very ungrateful and offensive smell . in the next place you must take notice , that if some intollerable pain accompanied the fit , or violent vomiting , or a loosness , then besides the hysterics above-mentioned , laudanum is to be used , which is only able to restrain these symptomes . but in quieting the pains which vomiting occasion we must take great care that they are not mitigated either by laudanum or any other opiat before due evacuations have been made , unless they exceed almost all humane patience . therefore in lusty women and such as abound with blood a vein must be opened , and the body purged , especially if they have been lately seized with the fit . but if weak women and those of a quite contrary constitution labour with such a fit and pain , and have been afflicted with it not long ago , it will be sufficient to cleanse their stomachs with a gallon of posset drink taken in and ejected by vomiting , and then to give a large dose of venice-treacle , and a few spoonfuls of some spirituous liquor , that is pleasing to the taste , with a few drops of liquid laudanum , to be taken presently after . but if the sick has vomited a great while , and there is danger lest by a further provocation by vomits the spirits should be put into a rage , and the sick too much weakened , in this case you must give laudanum without delay , and such a dose that is sufficient to vanquish it . but here two things are to be chiefly noted , first that when you have once begun to use laudanum after due and necessary evacuations , it must be taken in the same dose , and must be often repeated till the symptom is quite conquered : only such a space must be betwixt each dose , that we may know what the former has done , before we give another : and then when we treat the disease with laudanum , we must do nothing else , and nothing must be evacuated , for the gentlest glister of milk and sugar is sufficient to spoil whatever has been repaired by the laudanum , and to occasion a return of the vomiting and pain . but though the pains above mentioned are apt to overcome the vertue of the laudanum , yet violent vomiting indicats the largest dose of it , and that it should be very often repeated , for by reason of the vomiting , the laudanum is cast up before it can do any good , unless it be given afresh after every time the sick vomits , and chiefly in a solid form , and if it be given in a liquor the quantity must be so small that it must but just wet the stomach , so that by reason of the small quantity of the matter it cannot be cast up , for instance , some drops of liquid laudanum in one spoonful of strong cinnamon-water , or the like ; and the sick must be admonished to keep her self quiet presently after taking the laudanum , and that she keep her head as much as is possible immoveable , for the smallest motion of the head provokes vomiting more than any thing else ; and when the vomiting ceases , and is as it were tam'd , it is expedient to give a dose of laudanum morning and evening to prevent a relapse , which also ought to be observed after a loosness , or hysteric pains . and because frequent mention has been made of liquid laudanum in this chapter , and it is much used in other diseases women are subject to , i will here set down the best way of making it . take of spanish-wine one pint , of opium two ounces , of saffron one ounce , of the powders of cinnamon and cloves each one drachm ; let them be infused together in a bath for two or three days , till the liquor comes to the consistence of a thin syrup ; strain it and keep it for use . the dose is sixteen or twenty drops , to be taken in a small draught of beer , or in some distilled-water . chap. ii. of the green-sickness . the green-sickness is an ill habit of the body proceeding from obstructions , it is accompanied most commonly with a beating of the heart , difficulty of breathing , and a longing for absurd things , and an unfitness for motion , and other symtoms ; the face and whole body are pale , and sometimes of a leaden and green colour , there is an inflation , and as it were a swelling upon the eye-lids ; the legs also swell , especially about the ankles ; there is a heavy and often a lasting pain of the head , the pulse is quick , the sick are drowsie , and have an aversion for wholsome food ; lastly , the disease increasing and the obstructions being multiplied , a suppression of the courses at length follows , which shews the disease is confirmed . this disease most commonly is not dangerous , but if it be neglected too much , it occasions great diseases , as hard swellings , a dropsie , and other grievous diseases , which at length kill the patient . when the disease is small and chiefly arises from obstructions of the veins of the womb , it is easily cured by marriage in young virgins . those that have had this disease a long while are either barren , or bring forth children that are sickly and short lived . the cure is to be perform'd by the same method and medicines proposed in the foregoing chapter for the cure of the hysteric diseases . chap. iii. of women that never had their courses . the flux of the courses is an undoubted sign that a woman is mature , yet there are some women that never had them , tho' they have had conversation with their husbands , and some of them have had children , and others not ; some of them have enjoyed good health , and others have been sickly : the cause of this defect is in general two-fold , the first is common to the whole body , namely , because a woman is fleshy , laborious , and her parts are so disposed that every member takes up and expels what is convenient for it , so that there is no room for a menstruous purgation , these are of a hot constitution and such as are termed virago's , they are of a brown colour , of a compact body , and their loins and buttocks are large , so are the breasts and shoulders , they have a great voice , are strong and hairy , and this constitution tho' it be the reason that women are in health , yet it is contrary to their sex , and the course of nature ; and therefore to be accounted vitious . but other women are sickly upon this account . if this disease proceed from an hot intemperies of the womb , it may be known by a great pain in the part , and by the heat of the whole belly : a dry imtemperies may be known by long fevers going before , and a thin habit of body , but in time they grow gross and cachectical by reason of the want of this evacuation . if it proceed from an ill formation , there are swellings of the belly , pain and a weight . if it arise from a hot intemperies , as it doth most commonly , it must be cured by four kinds of remedies , first by cooling diet , they must eat chicken , veal , or the broth wherein hath been boiled cooling herbs , as endive , sorrel , lettice , spinage , and the like ; oranges are also good , and roasted apples , and stewed prunes ; their drink must be small beer ; their sleep and exercise must be moderate ; for violent exercise and frequent walking are plainly injurious , and so are disturbances of the mind . secondly they must bleed twice or thrice a year in the foot , and for some days they must take such things as are proper to qualifie the hot and bilious humours , as the waters and syrups of purslain , succory endive , violets , and the like , and let them be purged with the following medicines . take of the best rhubarb two scruples , infuse it a whole night in four ounces of endive water , strain it in the morning , and add to it an ounce of manna , or of the pulp of cassia , and an ounce of syrup of roses solutive . thirdly , let them use such things as leisurely attemperate the heat of the humours and part ; as conserve of roses , or of violets , with endive-water , or a ptisan before meals , or goats-milk in the morning with the flowers of violets and borrage : but the use of cooling apozems is much praised in this case . take of cleansed barly three pugils , of the roots of borrage and succory , each ounce , of the leaves of burrage , succory , endive , fumitory and sorrel , each one handfull , of the cordial flowers , and of the cold seeds , each one pugil , of anniseeds one dram , of prunes twelve , of raisons one ounce ; boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to one pint and an half ; to the strained liquor add a sufficient quantity of sugar , make a clear apozem , aromatize it with a drachm of the species of the three sanders . but if you intend to have it purge a little , add towards the latter end the leaves of senna , and of the pulp of tamarinds , each one ounce , and after it is boyled , three ounces of syrup of roses solutive , or of succory with rhubarb ▪ fourthly , topicks must be applied to the lower part of the belly . take of oyl of sweet almonds ( washed with the waters of barly , gourds , and roses , each a like quantity ) one drachm of hens-fat , butter , and goats-milk , each half an ounce , of the juice of gourds , endive or violets , each six drachms , with wax make a liniment , oyntment or plaister , as the woman likes best . but it will do most good , if the part be fomented before with a decoction of lettice , violets , marsh-mallows , fumitory , mallows , and the like ; and to open the passages , add the leaves of maiden-hair , mercury and mugwort ▪ a bath may be also made of these . night glisters also wonderfully cool the womb and the whole body . take of chicken-broath altered with the foresaid herbs six ounces , of the oyl of sweet-almonds and violets , each two ounces , of suggar one ounce , yolks of eggs two , mingle them , let it be retained , if she can all the night ; and when the heat is very much , stuff the chicken for this decoction with conserve of roses . if the disease proceed from dryness , it must be cured with moistning meats of good nourishment , and with drinks ; and the woman must walk often , but not so much as to tire her self , and frictions must be used above the region of the womb , that the parts may be dilated so that the menstruous blood may be allured to the womb. baths are also proper , and oyntments made of mucilages of the seeds of psyllium and quinces and the like ; and glysters also do good . take of the decoction of marsh-mallows , mallows , and violets six ounces , of fresh butter three ounces , mingle them , make a glyster . but all evacuations must be avoided , for they increase the dryness . if the disease proceeds from an ill formation , medicines are most commonly unprofitable ; and therefore you must endeavour to lessen the blood , if it abound , or to divert it another way ; therefore you must bleed three or four times a year in the arm , or in the foot , if blood seem to abound in the womb. but if the strength of the woman cannot bear bleeding , then she must use a thin diet , and frequent exercise , and frictions all over the body , especially early in the morning , for so the blood may be turned from the inner parts to the outward , and part of it discussed . baths moderately hot are also good , and these things may be sufficient for married women , which by conversation with their husbands are somewhat discharged ; but they will not be sufficient for maids and widows ; and therefore it will be necessary to provoke the hemorrhoids or to open issues . but if the disease proceed from obstinate obstructions , it must be treated as is proposed in the chapter of the suppression of the courses . chap. iv. of the courses breaking out by places not natural . the menstruous flux happens to break out by contrary wayes , upon two accounts ; for either nature providing for the safety of the womans body , when she knows there is any impediment in the womb , and the veins of it , that hinder the blood from passing , seeks another passage , whereby she may be unburthened , and the health of the woman preserved ; or forgetting the natural passages , she either accustoms her self to another , or wandring about , she sometimes uses this passage , sometimes that ; for in some the menstruous blood is discharged by the mouth , in others through the nostrils , by the eyes and bloody tears , by the dugs and piles , also by the fingers and urine , and sometimes by a redness in one of the cheeks , and if there be an impediment in the womb , that hinders the passage of the blood that way , it is better it should flow these ways than not at all , for so says hippocrates , menstruis deficientibus sanguinem e naribus erumpere bonum est . the cause of this disease is most commonly some violent passion of the mind , or some great disturbance happening when the courses are near flowing ; it comes also from obstructions of the womb , or by reason of violent pains , and great diseases of the upper parts , also from the weakness of them , when the vvomb and lower parts are strong ; for the weak parts always receive what the stronger put upon them . it also comes from some external cause , as by drinking cold water unseasonably , or by washing the feet and legs unseasonably , or by the use of vinegar , when the courses are near . the scope of the cure is two-fold , the first is the evacuation of the blood abounding , the other is the recalling of it to the lower parts , which is chiefly done by cooling the upper parts , and by heating , moistning , and opening , the lower parts ; but both may be well answered by bleeding in the foot three or four days before the blood flows , and by applying cupping-glasses to the thighs legs and hips , sometimes dry , but most commonly with scarification , and also by provoking the hemorrhoids , by frictions , by walking , by hot baths natural or artificial ; by fomentations made of opening herbs , by unctions , pessaries , and uterine glisters . but see more of this in the chapter of suppression of the courses . the two following remedies are peculiarly proper for this disease , viz. bleeding in the foot for several months at the times we have mentioned , and the bath-waters wherein the woman must be bathed early in the morning , and must continue a while in them ; but this must be noted , that the waters must not reach above the region of the liver , and in the mean while the upper parts must be ●anned . chap. v. of the courses coming before their due time , and of staying longer than they should . in many women the courses flow before their accustomed time , and sometimes they stay longer than they should ; and this anticipation and delay are sometimes orderly and sometimes disorderly . the causes are either the vice of the womb , as the ill figure of it , or a solution of the continuum , and sometimes a hurt on some other account ; as a vitious humour that irritates before the time , by reason of plenty of blood , or the thinness or sharpness of it ; the quantity of humours occasioning it may be known by the dulness of the body , by the sanguine habit of the woman , by a sedentary and idle life , by excess in eating and drinking , or by some other evacuation stopped or lessened . the acrimony of the blood may be known by the heat , erosion , and pain in the excretion , or by the vitious habit of the womans body , and the course of her life foregoing , or by the diet she was wont to use , and the like . but if it come leasurely , and without pain , the retentive faculty is weak ; it may also be occasioned by a blow or fall . if it proceed by reason of the loosness , and fault of the retentive faculty , it must be strengthened by proper remedies ; if it come from a plenitude , it must be remedied by a sparing diet and moderate exercise , and by taking away so much blood as is agreeable to the strength in the middle of the month , or a little before the courses flow . frictions also in the arms , and in all the upper parts of the body are proper ; the woman must abstain from wine , and all strong-waters , and instead of them chalybeats must be used ; and if these things do not do the business , she must be blooded in the arm ; but if it proceed from the acrimony of the humours , she must eat freely meat of good nourishment , and must exercise a little , and such medicines must be used as attemperate the humours , and she must be purg'd , and uterine glisters must be injected made of two ounces of oyl of violets , and four ounces of the decoction of mallows ; but care must be taken that the courses be not quite stopped , because it is dangerous . lastly , if a blow , a fall , or difficult labour occasion this disease , the following cataplasm must be applied to the womb and neighbouring parts . take of the powders of dragons-blood , frankincense , mastich , and of the greater comfry , each two drams , with a sufficient quantity of turpentine make a cataplasm . if the woman be of a hot constitution , apply the following plaister . take of the powders of roses , myrtles , and balaustins , and mastich , each one drahom , of fine flour one ounce , with the whites of eggs make a plaister . the courses stay beyond their time by reason of age , when they are about to go away , or by a vice of the whole body or of the womb : if it proceed on the account of age , you must only endeavour to prevent those inconveniences which are wont to follow , especially the gout , and a pain in the hip , which may be done by a spare diet , much exercise , and by bleeding yearly , till nature has been accustomed to the want of the menstruous purgation : but if it proceed from a vice of the whole body , it must be treated as a suppression of the courses . if it proceed from a peculiar disorder of the womb , it requires a peculiar cure , and is a symptom of the kind of the vitiated action of excretion , either because it is hindred by the ill formation , or a gross humour that obstructs . the causes therefore are these three , which are contrary to the anticipation of the courses , viz. the weakness of the faculty , the fault of the humours , and the dulness of the sense . the impotence of the faculty is occasioned by the frigidity , or moisture of the temperament , or by the depraved figure of the instrument ; the humour is faulty upon the account of its thickness , siccity and clamminess : the sense is rendred dull most commonly by moisture abounding . the weak faculty by reason of frigidity , is known by the womans perceiving a weight and disturbance after the time of the coming of her courses is past . the fault of the instrument may be known by what went before , as by hard labour , a tumour , cicatrix , leaping or a fall , whereby the womb , or a part subservient to it is displaced , or the figure of it deformed . the fault of the humour may be known by those things that are evacuated by the blood , as if it be whitish it may be seen , if it be gross and clammy , a sedentary life , and a gross and flegmatic diet went before ; the woman is of a soft , pale and leaden habit of body , and is fat ; and by the bloods flowing slowly , and by the long continuance of the courses sometimes , and by their ending in a slime . if when they stay a long time before they come , the woman does not perceive any disturbance in the womb and neighbouring parts , the sense is dull . if the disease arise from a thick and clammy humour , as it does most commonly , it must be cured according to galen , with three sorts of remedies ; first , by a thin and heating diet , by moderate exercise , and frictions of the legs : secondly , by attenuating and heating potions made of opening roots of calaminth , fennel , saxifrage , burnet , hysop , and the like , saffron and cinnamon being added to them , and the cure must be begun presently after the purgation of the courses . let the woman take every morning five or six ounces of the following apozem . take of the roots of smallage , fennel , and parsley , each two ounces , of the leaves of feverfew , cat-mint , penny-royal , maiden-hair , each one handful and an half , of the seeds of anise and fennel , each one drachm and an half ; boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to a quart ; in the strained liquor dissolve of the syrups of mugwort and maiden-hair , each three ounces ; the syrup of hysop , or of the five opening roots made without vinegar is also very good , being mixed with the waters of fennel , cat-mint , penny-royal , and parsley , and other things may be used which are mentioned in the chapter of the suppression of the courses . 3dly , she must be purged with agarick trochiscated , or with the pill of mastick , or , take of the pills of agarick , and aloephargin , each two scruples , with the syrup of mugwort ; make four pills . fourthly , those things which draw the the blood downwards must be used , as bleeding in the foot three or four days before the accustomed time of the courses ; these things being done , the legs and lower belly must be fomented with a decoction of fenugreek , camomile , dill , melilot , fennel , parsly , daucus . and while she is bathing let her take one of the tablets called diacalaminth ; afterwards let the parts be fumed with spices , and use frictions and ligatures to the legs , and let cupping-glasses be applyed to the claves of the legs without scarification ; and if the courses do not yet flow , let the woman be purged every third day with four or five of the pills mentioned before . let the lower belly be anointed with the oyls of capers , white lillies , dill , cinnamon , and saffron , and let uterine glisters be injected made of four ounces of the decoction of penny-royal , horse-mint , thym , and cresses , with two ounces of oyl of rue , or of dill , which wonderfully rouze the dull sense of the womb. chap. vi. of the courses corrupted , or suppurated . the courses may be corrupted four several ways ; first from drawing a putrid quality from the whole body : secondly , from the mixture of some putrid humour in the passages : thirdly , by a long suppression : fourthly , from an intemperies in the womb , or from an abundance of putrid humours contained in and about it , and are coloured and disordered according to the nature of the humours ; they are white , pale , livid , green , black , skinny , fibrous , membranous , windy , fetid , and they have sand and worms in them . the cure is in a manner the same which is proposed for the cure of the whites ; for an exact course of diet being ordered , the woman must be purged with agarick trochiscated , or with the pill of mastich , if a phlegmatic humour abounds ; if a bilious humour be the cause , let her be purged with rhubarb , as take of the best rhubarb , four scruples , of yellow myrobalans one drachm and an half , infuse them a night in three ounces of succory water ; to the strained liquor add of syrup of roses solutive , and of manna , each one ounce . if melancholy humours abound , take of senna one ounce , of the seeds of annise one drachm , infuse them in four ounces of fumitory-water ; to the strained liquor add of pulp of cassia , and of syrup of roses solutive , each one ounce . if the courses are suppurated , such things must be used now and then , as evacute a dust and cholerick humours , which may be easily prepared with agarick , rhubarb , and senna ; and sometimes glisters must be used , and moderate exercise , which purge the body and womb ; and if the stomach abounding with flegm be the cause , a vomit used by intervals is proper , that what is daily heapt up there may be purged off before it enters the veins . thirdly , such things must be used as are able to eradicate the disease , and if the humours are cold and gross , sudorifics must be used , as a decoction of sarsaparilla , guiac , china , and the like . but if choler or melancholy be the cause , bathing is most proper ; but gentle frictions and pessaries are proper for both , and anoint the belly with the oyl of sweet almonds , or with the oyl of violets , which are also to be put up the womb. but if these things do no good , an issue must be made in one or both the arms , which is of excellent use . chap. vii . of the complication of the courses with other diseases . there is scarce any thing that does disturb physicians more , and which makes them err so much , as the complication of the courses with diseases ; and this happens chiefly six ways . first , when a disease happens just when the courses are about to come . secondly , if by reason of the invasion of a disease , the courses come before their due time . thirdly , if the time of the courses and of the disease are complicated , so that they come together . fourthly , if the courses being suppressed , delayed or lessened , a disease comes upon them upon an other account . fifthly , if by reason of a disease pre-existing , a suppression or delay of the courses is the cause of the increase of the disease and its symptoms . sixthly , if when there is a disease , the courses flow . if therefore the courses are just about to flow , when the disease is beginning , or in the process of it , we must consider whether the disease be one of those , which is occasioned by the womb , in which case if the disease requires bleeding without any delay , we must draw it from the foot , that it may be let out by a convenient way , that the womb may be evacuated , and the cause expelled . but if the disease arises from the whole body , or from some principal member of it ; that vein of the arm ( most affirm ) must be opened , which chiefly respects the part affected : but this opinion , if it be generally received , seems to me injurious , and we ought rather to distinguish concerning the number of the days , the acuteness of the disease , and the plenitude of the body ; for if the disease be not acute , blood ought to be drawn from the foot , and especially , if the woman be within three or four days of her courses , and in this case she ought to be blooded in the foot , although the disease be acute , and this both reason and experience confirms ; for nature is to be evacuated that way she tends , if it be a convenient place ; for if the woman be blooded in the upper parts , we often see that she becomes delirious , and that watchings , sleepy diseases , difficulty of breathing , and at length death it self follow . but if there be eight days , or thereabouts , before the time of the courses , and there is a great plenitude , and the woman cannot be so sufficiently evacuated by the foot , as the disease requires , then all agree that she must be blooded in the arm , especially if the disease be acute ; but purging medicines , vomits , and sudorisicks must be deferred till the courses are over , or you must use those that are very gentle , lest nature should be hindred , or diverted ; for if so , the blood may be unseasonably detained , or may rush upon some principal part , or increase the disease . but if it happen that the womans courses are procrastinated , it is lawful to purge ; for sometimes we see that purging brings the courses . if the disease be chronical , it is best to purge eight days after the courses are gon off . but if the courses come before their due time in diseases , which is the second way of complication , nothing in curing womens diseases is so difficult and dangerous , especially at the beginning of the disease , before universal remedies have been given ; for at other times if we do nothing , there is the less perplexity ; but if at the beginning you bleed or purge , you hinder the menstruous purgation , and if you do neither , the disease increases . those things that are proper for the disease , stop the courses ; and if they flow , they do not relieve the disease , because they are then symptomatical ; for such an evacuation , is almost always pernicious at the beginning of the disease , for nature at that time seldom promotes any useful evacuation ; wherefore we must diligently consider what good or hurt comes from it , and from what cause the anticipation of the courses in diseases proceeds ; for in the beginning and in the increase , as we said , it is full of danger , but in the state and declination , the cruption of the courses , if they flow easily , is wont to be advantageous , by reason of the fitness of the season for evacuation , if it be not complicated with some other evacuations of nature . the anticipation of the courses proceeds from many causes : but from whatever cause it come , if there be a plenitude , the cure must be begun by bleeding in the foot. but if the courses flow at their accustomed time , and happen to come at the beginning of the disease , you must first wait on nature , and if after twelve hours the flux is not , or is not like to be sufficient , you must bleed in the foot , to compleat the natural evacuation of the woman ; and moreover , you must take away so much blood , as the disease requires , for we must respect custom and the disease too , and this may be understood of violent diseases ; yet it is chiefly to be used in small ones ; and therefore that they should not grow to be violent , you must incourage the courses by all means , by ligatures , frictions , suppositories , glisters , and other things , which are sufficient to provoke the parts near the womb ; and if the disease arise from a cold cause , you must give such medicines as promote the courses , and also respect the disease : but if a purge be necessary , you must defer it till the courses are over , lest the blood being moved and disturbed thereby , greater mischief should be occasioned . but if the disease be one of the greatest , as a quinsey , frensy , plurisie , or an acute fever , you must first bleed in the foot , afterwards the same day , you must bleed in the arm ; but in the mean while you must apply ligatures to the legs whilst the blood flows , and this is good practice ; for the indication of the most violent disease is always to be respected before that indication which is taken from the courses , and in the same manner you must proceed in the other seasons of the disease , wherein you ought to defer purging , vomiting and sweat , if the disease requires them , till the courses are gone off ; for the indication of the courses is greater than the indications of these helps , unless a sanies flow beyond the appointed time , which is not to be accounted at that time to proceed from fulness , and in this case , an indication for purging being urgent , you may purge . the fourth case was , when upon the courses stopt a disease came . in this case we must first consider whether the courses are but now stopt , or whether they have been stopt a long while ; and moreover , whether the disease proceeds from this suppression ; for if it arise from hence , you must without doubt bleed in the foot first , nor must we purge , vomit , or sweat before ; and afterwards in the arm , if the disease require it , especially if it be four days past the accustomed time of the courses . but if the suppression be new , and the disease not urgent , before you use other means , you must expect a while the flowing of the courses , especially if you do not understand rightly the nature of the disease ; for it is more secure , the courses being stopt to bleed in the foot than to purge , vomit , or sweat. but if notwithstanding bleeding in the foot , the courses flow but slowly , you ought to give such medicines as move them ; and it will be proper to give them before they begin , if you suspect that nature will not do the business throughly her self . but if the courses delay , and the disease grows worse thereby , most affirm that the cure must be begun by those helps , which the disease and its cause require , without respect to bleeding in the foot. but i am not of the same opinion ; for in slight diseases , and in such as will bear a truce , experience has taught me that it is best to bleed in the foot ; for the indication from the courses stopt is more to be minded than a small disease , and therefore they ought to be provoked , first by ligatures , cupping-glasses , frictions , and medicines , and afterwards you must provide for the disease : but if the disease be violent , as a quinsie , pleurisie , or the like ; then certainly those remedies must be given which the disease requires , without consideration of the veins of the foot. but when the courses should come at the time of the disease , and are stopt , by reason of the disease and its cause , without doubt we ought to bleed in the foot , and to take away so much blood , as the plenitude of the womb requires , or till the courses flow , and if there be occasion we may purge gently , and not divert the course of nature . lastly , if when the disease is present , the courses flow by drops before their time , you must proceed as in the second case concerning the anticipation of the courses in diseases : or , if it happen at their due time , you must treat them as in the third case when the courses happen with the seasons of the disease ; only the dropping of the courses signifies a greater oppression of nature , and therefore requires larger bleeding . chap. viii . of the courses coming difficulty , and with violent symptoms . this disease is like a dysury or adifficulty of urine , for it is accompanied with pain and a great disturbance , the symptoms often come before the courses , and sometimes with the courses ; the blood comes by drops and is attended with violent pain . this symptom comes upon an obstruction of the courses , sometimes upon solution of the continuum , an ulcer , erosion , and painful disorders in the neighbouring parts , the courses , as was said before , come sometimes drop by drop , and sometimes plentifully ; sometimes by intervals , and sometimes continually ; sometimes orderly , and sometimes disorderly . it is most commonly occasioned by the same causes from whence a suppression of the courses proceeds , but gentler ; for there is not a total suppression , but an unequal obstruction of the vessels of the womb , by reason of thick clotted , and feculent blood , which stretches the vessels , and nature violently endeavouing to evacuate it , a gross wind arises , which distending the vessels , and the neighbouring parts , occasions the violent pain , which continues untill the clods are ejected . sometimes the blood flows plentifully , yet the courses are counted difficult and lessened ; because tho a great quantity is evacuated , yet it is not answerable to the plenitude . the second cause is an ulcer , or some preternatural tumour in the womb or neighbouring parts , which are provoked and hurt by the commotion of the blood. the third is the acrimony of the humours . this disease is known by a pain in the head , a pain in the stomach , restlesness , pains in the loins , and of the lower belly , just like the pains of child-bearing , coming with the courses , or eight days before . there is often also fainting and convulsions , and a palpitation of the heart ; and by these you may know , that the blood is clotted or thick , and a small swelling is sometimes perceived in one or both of the groins , by reason of clotted blood contained in it ; and just before the evacuation of the clotted blood , the pain is most violent , and at the same time if wind be joined with it , it breaks from the womb or backwards with a noise , and there are wandring pains about the loins and hips . if an ulcer be the cause , sanies or pus is mixed with the blood , and the courses flow always with a fixed pain . this disease afflicts virgins and those that are barren . the cure is two-fold , the first respects the cause , the second the mitigating the pain . if it proceed from feculent gross and clotted blood , a thin diet and moderate exercise must be ordered , and medicines that cause revulsion and evacuation , must be used . blood therefore must be drawn from the arm if there be a great quantity of it , but if the quantity be small , from the foot ; and the clotted blood that cannot be evacuated , must be drawn out by cupping-glasses applied to the thighs and legs with scarification , and by ligatures upon the legs , and the humour may be turned by applying leeches to the fundament if the pain continue after the courses are stopp'd , but they must not be used before . secondly , evacuation must be used with this distinction , when feculent and grumous blood is the cause , you must bleed ; when an ulcer , wind , or an acrid matter , you must purge most . thirdly , the passages must be relaxed and opened , and the pain mitigated ; wherefore , if the matter be thick , slatulent , feculent , or clammy ; a dram of venice treacle , or of mithridate must be taken at bed-time in three ounces of balm-water ; and baths must be provided , and lotions for the legs made of a decoction of marsh-mallows , of the seeds of flax , fenugreek , dill , rhue , and mugwort , and the feet must be bathed in it hot a while , and the vapours must be received , and a spunge dipt in it must be applyed to the privities , and the lower belly must be fomented afterwards with flannel dipt in wine and oyl of roses , or with a bladder half full of warm oyl ; but it will be better to anoint the navel , and the region below it with oyl of saffron , of white-lillies , the seeds of flax , of capers , of yolks of eggs , or of sweet almonds , among which or with one of them must be dissolved a drachm of treacle , a pessary dipt in the same is also is of great use ; or the foresaid parts may be annointed with hens-fat and butter ; or with butter and some of the foresaid oyls . the following oyntment is also very proper . take of the juice of angelica one drachm , of oyls of capers and of white-lilies , each one ounce and an half , of white-wine half an ounce , with wax make an oyntment . the following cataplasm is also very good . take of common oyl , of sweet wine , and fresh butter , each two ounces , of bran three ounces ; boyl them gently , apply them hot and repeat them frequently . but if acrid and eroding matter be the cause you must use gentle oyntments , and fomentation of warm water , or purslain and lettice water with emulsions of the cold seeds ; and the parts must be anointed with the oils of sweet almonds , of violets and of roses . if the disease proceeds from an ulcer , you must endeavour the cure of it , and you must mitigate the pain by injecting uterine glisters made of four ounces of warm water ; and if the heat be very much , the water must be sweetned with sugar , and you must add one drachm of the white troches of rhasis . or , the glister may be made with three ounces of allum-water , which is of excellent use ; or with so much barly-water with an ounce of syrup of roses ; or with milk-water with sugar ; or with an ounce and an half of milk it self , with the like quantity of a decoction of the leaves and seeds of plaintain , to which may be added half an ounce of the emulsion of the cold seeds ; and if the pain and heat is very violent , inject two ounces of the decoction of henbane , or white poppies . but if these things will not do the business , some opium must be mixed with the decoction before mentioned . lastly , if other remedies will not do the business , an issue must be opened in the leg. chap. ix . of the closure of the womb. virgins labouring under this disease are said to be imperforate . this closure is wont to be in three places , viz. in the mouth of the womb , in the neck of it , and in the privities . it is occasioned either in the first formation when a membrance covers the orifice of the womb , or its neck , or by a wound , or ulcer preceding , which growing together stops the neck of the womb , or joins the lips , or it is occasioned by humours , or a compression . if the closure be in the privities , it may be easily known , but if it be in the neck , or orifice of the womb , it is not found out till the courses begin to flow , or till women are married ; for at the time of the menstruous purgation , pains and gripes are perceived in the region of the womb at certain times , with a sense of weight , yet no flux follows . moreover , you may guess at it , if the maid be of good habit of body not cachetical , and without obstruction , the disease continuing the womb swells , so that virgins seem to be with child , and sometimes the whole body , which looks livid : but if the neck of the womb be closed , it may be known in the first copualtion , because it cannot admit the virile member . lastly , if the orifice of the womb be shut , it is difficultly known , but it may be found out by the hand of a skilful midwife . as to the prognostick , if the closure be in the orifice of the privities , it is easily cured by a small section : but if it be in the inner parts , the cure is much more difficult . when a membrane shuts the passage , it is easily cured , but when the closure is from fleshy matter , as it happens after ulcers , then the cure is much more difficult . the closure of the inner orifice of the womb is incurable , for chirurgcial instruments cannot work upon it . if the closure of the womb be contracted from the birth , it must be opened by simple section ; but if it takes its rise from an ulcer , as it often happens in the french-pox ; we must consider , whether it be an excrescence of flesh that does not wholly stop the passage ; and whether it quite stops for if it be only an excrescence , we must endeavour ( convenient evacuations going before ) first to hinder the increase of the flesh by drying and discussing medicines , and afterwards we must lessen the flesh by medicines made of frankincense , birthwort , the bark of frankincense , roses , balaustins , mastick , myrrh , aloes , and the like ; and if these things are not sufficient , we must use burnt allom , unguentum , aegyptiacum , and the like ; or the flesh may be cut off by that instrument that is used for extirpating a polipus . but if the neck of the womb be wholly shut , we must endeavour to renew the ulcer , and to take off the superfluous flesh by the foresaid medicines , or it must be cut . if a tumour shut the passage of the womb , it must be removed by proper remedies . if it be occasioned by a compression of the neck of the womb , that which causes the compression must be removed , namely , a stone in the bladder , a tumour of the right gut , or the like . when the passage is too narrow , it most commonly proceeds from hardness and dryness ; and therefore you must use moistning , emollient , and relaxing things ; as half baths , fomentations , liniments , and pessaries ; and so the part being relaxed , you must put a leaden pipe , or white wax fitted for the purpose , moistened with butter , or some emollient oyl , and she must always wear it , or at least a-nights ; and a-days ; let a pessary made of cotten be used anointed with oyntment marsh-mallows , or the like . chap. x. of suppression of the courses there is said to be a suppression of the courses , when in women of a mature age , that neither give suck nor are with child , the evacuation of blood by the womb , which is naturally wont to be monthly , flows seldom , or sparingly , or is wholly stopt . because this suppression proceeds from natural and preternatural causes , the signs of both shall be distinctly proposed , lest the practitioner should be deceived by women being with child by illegitimate coition , and so rashly prescribe medicines to provoke the courses . first therefore , women with child most commonly retain their natural colour , and others do not . secondly , the symptoms which do happen to women with child at the beginning , abate daily , but on the contrary in suppression of the courses , the longer they are stop'd , so much the more the symptoms are increased . thirdly , in women with child after the third month , the motion and situation of the child may be sensibly perceived by laying the hand on the belly . but in others the swelling is not at all hard , nor is it always contained within the limits of the womb. fourthly , if the inward mouth of the womb be touched by a skilful midwife , she will find it not exactly closed , as it is in women with child ; but rather hard , contracted , and somewhat painful . fifthly , women with child are most commonly cheerful ; but on the contrary in a suppression , they are most commonly sorrowful and sad . a suppression of the courses is very dangerous , and many desperate diseases arise from it . the cure of this disease must be varied according to the variety of the causes , and first , if it proceed from too great a quantity of blood , bleeding must be ordered in the arm , and a large quantity of blood must be taken away ; afterwards it must be drawn downwards by opening the lower veins about the time the woman used to have her courses before she was ill . if by reason of want of blood the courses stop , as after long fevers , after great evacuations , and when the body is much wasted , you must not endeavour to provoke the courses till the body is replenish'd , and a sufficient quantity of blood is bred , which being done they generally flow of their own accord ; but if it happens that nature forforgets her office , she must be rous'd up by opening the lower veins , and by medicines proposed in the chapter of hysterick diseases : but the quantity of blood must be moderate , lest the strength should be dejected , and the sick should fall into a consumption . yet it must be carefully noted , that every wasting of the body does not shew a want of blood , but only that which succeeds great evacuations , and the like . for sometimes it happens that the courses being suppressed and detained in the veins , occasion an ill quality , whereby the blood is rendred unfit to nourish the parts , upon which account the body wasts , tho the veins are full of blood , in which case large bleeding is required . as to the suppression of the courses which happens by a preposterous motion of the blood , when it is evacuated by bleeding at nose , by vomiting , spitting , or hemorrhoids , and other parts , the cure of it is perform'd by repelling the blood from the parts through which it flows contrary to nature , and by drawing it back to the passage of the womb. the first is performed when the blood rushes out of the upper parts , by washing the arms , head , and face , with cold water , and by forbearing the exercise of those parts , especially singing and speaking aloud . the second is perform'd by opening the lower veins , three or four days before the blood breaks out , and by cuping-glasses applied to the thighs and legs sometimes with , sometimes without scarification , by provoking the hemorrhoids , by running , by walking , fomentations , and baths made of opening herbs ; but the bath water is especially commended , and the sick must bath in them often a good while after meals , but the water must not rise above the navel , and at the same time the upper parts be cool'd by fanning them . if the blood flow by the hemorrhoids , the cure is very difficult ; for if you use things to draw downwards , they bring them also to the fundament , and if you use astringent things to it , they by nearness of the parts , repell what should be brought to the womb ; so that the only way of cure is to apply such things to the womb as may allure the blood thither , after you have used such things as draw the blood downwards . chap. xi . of an immoderate flux of the courses . an immoderate flux of the courses comes either in child-bed , or at other times , as to the first that afflicts women most on the first day after a difficult labour , and is accompanied with a long train of hysteric symptoms ; and as it happens only on the first days so usually does not last long , for if a thickning diet be order'd , it soon abates : the following drink may be also used . take of plantain water and red wine , each one pint , boil them till a third part be consumed , sweeten it with a sufficient quantity of white sugar , and let her take half a pint twice or thrice a day , and in the mean while the following medicine tyed up in a rag , may be often held to her nose . take of galbanum and assa foetida each two drams , of castor one dram and half , of volatile salt of amber half a dram , mingle them : or instead of it , spirit of sal armoniac may be used . but as to the flux which happens out of child-bed , you must bleed in the arm , and eight ounces of blood must be taken away , the next morning the following purge must be given . take of tamarinds half an ounce , of sena two drams , of rubarb one dram and an half , infuse them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water , in three ounces of the strain'd liquor , disolve of manna , and syrup of roses solutive each , an ounce , make a purging potion , which is to be repeated every third day for twice . every night at bedtime through the whole course of the disease give an ounce of diacodium mixt with two ounces of black cherry water . take of the conserve of dried roses two ounces , of the troches of lemnian earth a dram and an half , of pomgranate peel and of red coral prepared each two scruples , of blood stone , dragons blood , and bole-armenic each two scruples , with a sufficient quantity of simple syrup of coral , make an electuary , whereof let her take the quantity of a large nutmeg in the morning , and at five in the afternoon , drinking upon it six spoonfuls of the following julip . take of the waters of oakbuds and of plantain each three ounces , of cinnamon water hordeated and of syrup of dried roses each one ounce , of spirit of vitriol a sufficient quantity to make it pleasantly acid . take of the leaves of plantain and nettles each a sufficient quantity , beat them together in a marble mortar , and press out the juice , clarifie it , and give six spoonfuls of it cold three or four times in a day ; after the first purge apply the following plaister to the region of the loins . take of the plasters of diapalma and ad herniam each equal parts , mix them and spread them on leather . a cooling and thickening diet must be order'd , only it may be proper to allow once or twice a day a small glass of claret to recover the strength . chap. xii . of the whites . this obstinate and lasting disease may be cured by bleeding once , and by purging with two scruples of pill coch-major four times , and by the following strengthening medicines . take of venice treacle one ounce and an half , of the conserve of the yellow peel of oranges one ounce , of diascordium half an ounce , of ginger candied , and nutmegs candied each three drams , of compound powder of crabs eyes one dram and an half , of the outward peel of pomgranats , of the roots of spanish angelica , and of the troches of lemnian earth each one dram , of bole-armenic two scruples , of gun-arabic half a dram , with a sufficient quantity of syrup of dried roses make an electuary , whereof let her take the quantity of a large nutmeg in the morning , and at five in the afternoon , and at night , drinking upon it six spoonfuls of the following infusion . take of the roots of elecampane , masterwort , angelica , and gentian , each half an ounce , of the leaves of roman wormwood , white horehound , the lesser centory and calaminth each one handful , of juniper-berries one ounce , cut them small , and infuse them in five pints of canary wine , let them stand in infusion , and strain them only as you use them . chap. xiii . of barrenness . barrenness proceeds from many causes , but they may be reduced to four heads , according to the four natural operations which are required to perfect conception . the first is that the woman in copulation receive the mans seed : secondly , that it 's retain'd a due time : thirdly , that it is nourished in the womb : fourthly , that the woman afford due matter for the forming and necessary increase of the embroy ; and hence four impediments of conception arise . first , the reception of the seed is hindered by many causes , as immature age , when by reason of the narrowness of the genital passages the woman cannot admit the mans yard , or at least not without great pain , which makes her dislike copulation ; and old age has the same effect ; for in elderly virgins the genital parts for want of use , are rendr'd so strait , that they can't easily receive the virile member , and such as are lame , or have their limbs distorted , or their hips depressed , can scarce lye in such a posture as is necessary for a fit reception of the seed ; too much fat also stops the passages , and makes the copulation incommodious : and lastly , a cold intemperies of the womb makes the woman dull , so that she scarce injoys any pleasure in copulation , or is so flowly moved , that the inward orifice of the womb does not open seasonably to receive the mans seed . the passions of the mind also are a great hinderance , especially hatred between man and wife , whereby the woman having an aversion for such pleasure does not supply spirits sufficient to make the genital parts turgent at the time of copulation ; nor does the womb kindly meet the seed , and draw it into its cavity , from whence and from mixture of both the seeds , conception arises . the reception of the seed may be also hinder'd by swellings , ulcers , obstructions , narrowness or distorsions of the genital parts , or of the neighbouring parts , or by a stone in the bladder or the like . conception may be also hindred by reason the seed is not retained upon the account of too great moisture of the womb , namely when it s fill'd with many excrementitious humours , whereby being render'd too laxe it cannot be contracted , as it ought to retain the seed received , but this chiefly happens by reason of miscarriage or hard labour , whereby the fibres of the womb and its inner orifice are torn , but the whites are the most common cause of barrenness . conception is also hindred when the seed is not sufficiently nourished in the womb , as when the intemperies of the womb is so very cold , that it extinguishes the seed , or so hot as that it dissipates it , or over-moist or dry . the age fit for conception is from fourteen to fifty , and therefore those women that are younger or older do not conceive , by reason of a defect of seed and menstruous blood , yet it must be confessed , that some women have conceived who never had their courses . a disproportion betwixt the mans and womans seed is also the occasion of barrenness , tho there is no sensible defect in either , and it happens sometimes that the same man has children by another woman , and the same woman children by another man , when together they were childless . it comes to pass sometimes that after a woman has conversed ten or more years with her husband , and has not conceived , afterwards she has had children , the cause whereof is the change of her constitution by time . having made frequent mention of womens seed , i must here acquaint you that many learned physicians and anatomists deny that women have any seed , for some women send forth no humour as is called seed , and yet they are fruitful enough , yea some after they have begun to emit such an humour , tho indeed they took great pleasure in copulation , yet grew less fruitful than before . 't is also said by some that a seminal air or vapour arising from the mans seed , and not the seed it self causes conception ; but passing by controversies and nice speculations , i according to my way of writing , set down such methods and medicines as are approved of for the cure of this disease . and first , the narrowness of the genital parts by reason of youth , in progress of time will grow large enough , and therefore there is no need of any other cure , but in the mean while copulation must be forbid , for by the too early use of it , the natural constitution of the parts is disordered , but if it proceed from small stature or age , it is incurable . over-fatness may be corrected by a spare and proper diet , and by convenient evacuations . if barrenness proceeds from a disorderly diet , as from excessive eating or drinking , the woman must be reduced to a regular course of life . such as are robust and of a manly constitution must by all means be reduced to a womanly state ; that they may become fit for generation , they must forbear strong meats and labour , and the courses must be forced , and by bleeding and purging and the like , the habit of the body must be rendred cold and moist . but the most frequent cause of barrenness is a cold and moist disposition of the whole body and of the womb , which the whites often accompany , and for the cure in this case , the whites must be cured by the method prescribed in the chapter of the whites , and the following things must be ordered , which are peculiarly proper . and first the flegmatick humours must be evacuated by medicines that purge sweat and force urine , and revulsion must be made by issues in the arms , neck and legs , and the principal parts must be strengthened by treacle , mithridate , confection of alkermes and the like . afterwards such things must be used as are proper by a specific quality to strengthen the womb and to help conception . take of the roots of eringo and satyrion candied each one ounce , of green ginger candied half an ounce , of hazel nuts , pine nuts , and pistachies each six drams , one nutmeg candied , of the seed of rocket and cresses each two drams , of the ashes of a bulls pisle , of the reins of scinks and of the raspings of ivory each one dram , of confection of alkermes three drams , of diambra and sweet diamoch each one ounce and an half , of ambergriese half a dram , with the syrup of candied citrons , make an electuary , let her take the quantity of a nutmeg at bedtime , drinking upon it a glass of good wine . some count the secundine of a woman dried and powderd very effectual , one drachm of it being taken . the seeds of bishops weed are also much commended . many good authors affirm , that if a woman drink six ounces of the juice of garden sage with a little salt , the fourth day of her menstruous purgation , and a quarter of an hour after has conversation with her husband , she will infallibly conceive . and by the use of this remedy aetius says , the egyptian women became fruitful after a great plague . it 's said many have conceived when their having children has bin despair'd of , by thrusting up far in the privities garlic heated with oyl of spike , and wrapt in a fine rag , for it powerfully forces the courses , and cleanses and delights the womb. chap. xiv . of the parts of women that serve for generation . the parts serving for generation in women may be divided into the privities , the womb , the testicles , and the vessels that prepare and carry . that part is called the privities which appears at first sight without dissection , it reaches from the lower part of the os pubis , within an inch of the fundament ; it is less and closer in maids , than in those that have born children . it hath two lips , which toward the pubes grows thicker , and meeting upon the middle of the os pubis makes that rising that is called the hill of venus ; its outward substance is skin covered with hair , as the lips are , which begin to grow in this place about the age of fourteen ; the inner substance of the hill of venus chiefly consists of fat , which makes it bunch up , which in copulation hinders the bones of the pubes of the man and woman to hit one against another , which would by causing pain abate the venereal pleasure . a muscle springing from the sphincter of the fundament lies under this fat. its office is to straighten the orifice of the sheath . the nymphs and the clitoris appear when the lips are drawn a little aside : the nymphs stand next the urine , as it spouts out from the bladder , and keeps the lips from being wet ; they are placed on each side , just within the lips , they are two fleshy and soft productions beginning at the upper part of the privities , where they make that wrinkled membranous production , which cloaths the clitoris like a fore-skin : they are in shape and colour like the thrils that hang under a cocks throat , they have a red substance partly fleshy , partly membranous ; within soft and spongy , composed loosly of small membranes and vessels , so that they are very easily distended by the influx of the animal spirits and arterial blood. they are larger in grown maids than in young , and grow larger upon the use of venery , and after the bearing of children ; their use is to defend the inner parts , and to cover the passage of the urine , and a good part of the orifice of the sheath in the upper part of the privity . betwixt the nymphs is placed the clitoris ; it answers to a man's yard , in shape , situation , substance , erection , and differs from it only in length and bigness . those that are called hermophrodites have it so long and big , as to be able to converse with women in the manner of men. they are not of two sexs as is commonly reported , only their stones are placed in the lips of the privities , and their clitoris is preternaturally extended : but in most it does not appear unless the lips are drawn aside : it is a little , long and round body , it lies under the fat of the hill of venus , and puffs up in venery , and straightening the orifice of the sheath makes it embrace the virile member the more closely : it s outward end is like the glans of a men's yard , and as the glans in men is the seat of the greatest pleasure in copulation ; so is this in women : there is as it were a hole in it , tho indeed there is really no such thing , most of it is covered with a thin membrane from the conjunction of the nymphs : it has two pair of muscles , the upper are round and spring from the bones of the hip ; these by straitening the roots of the nervous bodies , that arise on each side from the bunching of the os ischium detain the blood and spirits in them , and so erect the clitoris , even as those in men do the virile member ; the other rise from the sphincter of the fundament , and these serve to straiten and narrow the orifice of the sheath : it has veins , and arteries , and nerves , which are somewhat large . in some eastern countries the clitoris is wont to be so large , that for its deformity , and the hindrance it causes in copulation , they used to cut it quite out , or to sear it , to hinder its growth . the sheath is so call'd because it receives the virile member like a sheath , it is soft and loose , uneven and wrinkly , of a nervous but somewhat spongy substance , which is puft up in copulation to embrace the yard the better : it s about seven fingers breadth long , and as wide as the strait gut ; but the length and width differ in respect of age , and as the woman is more or less provoked to copulation : the wrinkles are much more numerous and close in virgins , than in those that have born many children , and in whores that use frequent copulation , and in women that have had the whites a long while . it has very many arteries and veins , some whereof inosculate one with another , and others not . by the arteries that open into it , the courses sometimes flow in women with child , that are full of blood. these vessels bring plenty of blood to it in copulation , which by heating and puffing up the sheath increases the pleasure , and hinders the man's seed from cooling , before it is conveyed to the womb. all along the sheath there are abundance of pores , from whence a thin humour always flows , especially in copulation , and increases the pleasure of the woman , and is that which is supposed to be her seed . near its outer end , under the nymphs , in its upper part , it receives the neck of the bladder . in virgins its passage is so narrow , that at their first conversation with a man , they have commonly more pain than pleasure , by reason of the extension of it by the virile member , which breaks some small vessels , from whence blood issues . the hymen is a thin nervous membrane , interwoven with fleshy fibres , and endowed with many little arteries , and veins , behind the insertion of the neck of the bladder , with a hole in the midst , that will admit the top of ones little finger , whereby the courses flow , it is also called the girdle of chastity . but it is broken and bleeds at the first copulation , and never closes again . but tho' a man when he finds these signs of virginity , may certainly conclude he has married a maid ; yet if they are wanting , it does not necessarily follow that virginity is wanting ; for the hymen may be corroded by sharp humours flowing through it with the courses , and from other causes ; or , if a maid be so indiscreet as to become a bride while her courses flow , or within a day after , then the hymen and the wrinkled membrane of the sheath are so relaxed , that the virile member may enter without any obstruction , and so give suspition of unchastity , when there is really no occasion for it . sometimes in old maids the hymen is so strong that it cannot be penetrated without difficulty ; and in some it is naturally quite closed up , and so their courses are stopt , which much endangers their life ; if it be not opened with a chirurgical instrument . the myrtle-berry caruncles lie close to the hymen , the largest of 'em is uppermost , standing just at the mouth of the passage of the urine , which it shuts after making water ; opposite to this at the bottom of the sheath there is another , and in each side one . but of these , there is only the first in maids , the other three being made by the broken hymen . these three when the sheath is extended disappear in labour , and cannot be seen till the sheath is contracted to its natural straitness . the sheath near its outer orifice , has a sphincter muscle about three fingers broad that contracts it as the case requires ; and therefore men and women need not doubt but that their genitals will be proportionable , for the sheath is so artificially made , that it can suit with every penis . the womb is seated in the lowest part of the belly , betwixt the bladder and straight gut , its hindmost part is loose , that it may be extended as the child increases , but its sides are tied fast by two pair of ligaments . it s substance is whitish , nervous , and compact in virgins , but a little spongy and soft in women with child . it has two membranes , the outer is strong and double arising from the peritoneum , the inner being proper is fibrous and more porous . betwixt these membranes , there is a certain fleshy and fibrous contexture , which in women with child , together with the said membranes , imbibes so much of the nutritious humours , that then flow thither , that the more the child increases , the more fleshy , fibrous , and thick does the womb grow , so that in the last months it is an inch thick , and some times two fingers breadth , tho' it be extended to so much greater compass , than it has when a woman is not with child , and yet within three weeks after delivery it is as thin as before , and contracts so wonderfully , that it may be held in ones hand . in virgins it is about two fingers breadth broad , and three long ; in those that have copulated , it is a little bigger , it is like a pear , only a little flattish above and below , but in women with child it becomes more round . in maids its cavity is so small , that it will hardly contain a large hazel-nut ; it is divided be a line that goes length-ways , much like that in a man's cod. its arteries spring partly from the spermatick and hypogastrick ; they run along the womb , bending and winding , that they may be extended without danger of breaking , when the womb is stretched with the child . the monthly courses flow by these arteries in greatest quantity into the womb it self : but in less quantity by the branches that open into the neck of the womb , and a small quantity of the courses come out of the sheath . it is much disputed what is the reason of the courses , whether they flow by reason of too great quantity of blood , or whether at set times ; there is also a fermentation of the blood , which opens the orifices of the arteries : but it is most probable that it proceeds from a fermentation at appointed times , for if a woman feeds high and so breeds much blood , the courses flow never the sooner , tho' perhaps they may be in a greater quantity ; and if she use the greatest abstinence and spareness of diet , they will not be the longer before they come , so that when through such effervency the blood flows plentifully into the vessels of the womb , and the veins of the womb are not able to carry it all back again by circulation , it flows out of the extremities of the arteries so long , till the too great quantity of the blood is lessened , and the fermentation ceases , which it does usually after three or four days . the courses seldom flow in women with child , and the wanting of them is their first item of having conceived . the veins spring from the preparantes , and from the epigastrick , the nerves from the greatest plexus of the mesentery of the intercostal pair , and from the lowest plexus of the same , and also from the nerves of the os sacrum , and the same run also to the testes or ovaria . these plexus of nerves are chiefly affected in hysterick fits , and are convulsive , and often happen when the womb is not at all in fault ; and the ball that seems to rise from the bottom of the belly in these fits , and to beat strongly about the navel , which is usually supposed to be the rising of the womb , is nothing but a convulsion of these nerves ; for some men are troubled with the same symptom . the use of the womb is to receive into its capacity the principals of the formation of the fetus , to afford it nourishment , and to preserve it from injuries , and at length to expel it . the neck of the womb seems to be a part of the fundus , only it is much more narrower , for its cavity is no wider in virgins than a small quill , and in women with child its inner orifice does either quite close its sides together , or is daubed up with a slimy yellowish humour , so that nothing then can enter into the womb. it has the same membranes , and the same vessels with the womb. womens testicles differ much from mens , their situation is within the body , on each side two fingers breadth from the bottom of the womb , to the sides whereof they are knit by a strong ligament ; they are flat on the sides , in their lower part oval ; their superficies is more rugged and unequal , than in those of men , they differ in bigness , according to age ; in those newly come to maturity , they are about half as big as those of men , but in such as are in years , they are less and harder , tho' they sometimes grow preternaturally to a vast bigness , for several quarts of liquor has been found contained in them , in a dropsie of the womb ; they have but one membrane that encompasses them round ; but on their upper side where the preparing vessels enter them , they are about half way involved in another membrane that accompanies those vessels , and springs from the peritoneum ; when this cover is removed , their substance appears whitish , but is wholly different from mens testicles ; for mens are composed of seminary vessels , which being continued to one another are twenty or thirty ells long , if they could be drawn out at length without breaking ; but womens do principally consist of a great many membranes and small fibres , loosly united to one another ; among which there are several little bladders full of clear water ; the liquor contained in those bladders has been always supposed by the followers of hippocrates and galen , to be seed stored up in them ; but dr. harvey and many learned physicians and anatomists suppose these little bladders to contain nothing of seed , but that they are truly eggs , analogous to those of fowl and other creatures , and that the testicles so called are not truly so , nor have any such office as those of men , but are indeed an ovarium , wherein those eggs are nourished by the sanguinary vessels dispersed through them , and from whence one or more , as they are fecundated by the man's seed , separate , and are conveyed into the womb by the tubae falopianae : if you boyl these eggs their liquor will have the same colour , tast , and consistency with the white of birds eggs , and they do not want shells , because they are sufficiently defended by the womb. these eggs in women are commonly about the number of twenty in each testicle , whereof some are far less than others . the spermatick vessels are of two sorts ; arteries and veins ; the arteries are two as in men. they spring from the great artery a little below the emulgents ( very rarely either of them from the emulgent it self ) and pass down towards the testes , not by such a direct course as in men , but with much twirling and winding among the veins , with which they have no inosculation , as has been generally said . but for all their winding , when they are stretched out to their full length , they are not so long as those of men. the veins are two , arising as in men , the right from the trunk of the cava , a little below the emulgent , and the left from the emulgent it self , but they are much shorter than in men ; both the arteries and veins as they pass down are covered with one common coat from the peritoneum , and near the testes they are divided into two branches , the upper whereof is implanted into the testicle by a triple-root , and the other is subdivided below the testes into three twigs , one of which goes to the bottom of the womb , another to the tuba and round ligament , the third creeping by the side of the womb , under its common membrane ends in its neck , where it is woven with the hypogastrick vessels like a net . by this way it is that the courses sometimes flow in women with child , for the first months , and not out of the inner cavity of the womb. the use of these spermatick vessels is not to minister to the generation of seed , according to the ancient doctrine , but to the nutrition of the eggs in the ovaria or testes , according to the new , and to the nourishment of the fetus , and of the solid parts , and the expurgation of the courses . the carrying vessels that go straight from the testes to the bottom of the womb , and were supposed to emit the seed from the stones into the bottom of the womb , are accounted by de graef only ligaments of the testicles to keep them in their place ; for they come not to the inner cavity of the vvomb . the fallopian tubes are very slender and narrow ducts , nervous and white , arising from the horns or sides of the vvomb , and at a little distance from it they become larger , and twist like the tendrel of a vine , till nearer their end , where ceasing their winding they turn very large , and seem membranous and fleshy , which end is very much torn and jagged like rent cloths , and has a large foramen , which lies closed , because those jaggs fall together , but it being opened , they are like the utmost orifice of a brass trumpet . these tubes , according to dr. harvey , are the same in vvomen , that the horns of the vvomb are in other creatures , for they answer to those both in situation , connexion , amplitude , perforation , likeness , and also office. the capacity of these ducts varies very much ; for in the beginning , as it goes out of the vvomb , it only admits a bristle , but in its progress , where it is largest , it will receive ones little finger ; but in the outmost extremity , where it is divided into jaggs , it is but about a quarter so wide . they are very uncertain also in their length , for from four or five they sometimes increase to eight or nine fingers breadth long . their use is in a fruitful copulation to grant a passage to a more subtile part of the masculine seed , or to a seminal air towards the testes to bedew the eggs contained in them , which eggs , one or more being by that means fecundated , and dropping off from the testes , are received by the extremity of the tubes , and carried along the inner cavity to the womb. but it may be objected that the narrowness of the tubes are not fit for such a use ; yet ●e that considers the straitness of the inner orifice of the womb , both in maids and in women with child , and yet observes it to dilate so much upon occasion , as to make way for the birth of a child , cannot wonder that to serve a necessary end of nature , the small duct of the tubes , should be so far widened , as to allow passage to an egg , seeing its proportion to their duct is many times less , than of the child to the usual largness of the said orifice . chap. xv. of conception . conception is nothing else but an action of the womb , whereby the prolifie seeds of the man and woman are there received and retained , that an infant may be engendered , and formed out of it . there are two sorts of conception , the one true , according to nature , to which succeeds the generation of the infant in the womb ; the other false , as a false conception , mole , or any other strange matter . it is not absolutely necessary , that the mans seed should be received , and retained entire ; for a small quantity of it may be sufficient , nay a meer steam of it , to impregnat . conception may be known by the more than ordinary delight in the act , and some few months after , the woman perceives a small pain about her navel , and some little commotions in the bottom of her belly . the inward orifice of the womb is exactly closed , she longs for strange things , she is often troubled with nauseating and vomiting , her courses are stopt , the navel starts , her nipples are very obscure or dark coloured , with a yellowish circle round about , her eyes are dejected and hollow , the whites of them dull and troubled , her blood , when she has conceived some time , is always bad ; the belly is flat : yet it must be acknowledged that some of these signs are also to be found upon an obstruction of the courses in virgins ; wherefore judgment upon conception must not be too positive , especially , when the woman is upon tryal for her life , for some upon having their courses have been judged not with child , and yet after execution have been found to be so . the infant moves it self manifestly about the forth month , sooner or later as the woman is strong or weak . some women feel it from the second , others about the third month , and some before that time . at the beginning , the first motions are very small , but grow greater proportionably , as the infant grows bigger and stronger . chap. xvi . of a mole . a mole is deformed and useless flesh contained in the womb , and is occasioned by the corrupted seed of the man and woman , for it is never generated without the use of copulation ; it is covered with a membrane and sticks to the womb , the longer it is retained in the womb the harder it grows , and is more difficultly expelled : most commonly there is but one , yet sometimes more ; when it is ejected in the second month it 's called a false conception . it 's difficult to distinguish a mole , from being with child , for the courses are stopt , the belly grows big by degrees , and the breasts are increased . but the first sign of it is a leaden colour in the face , the belly is harder and sorer than when a woman is with child , and it is very troublesome and painful to go with , and it falls on whatsoever side she turns ; there is a great weariness in her legs and thighs , she finds a great heaviness at the bottom of her belly , and her urin is obstructed ; but it may be certainly known , if no motion be felt after four or five months , or when her reckoning is out . some have a mole two or three years , and sometimes much longer . as to the cure , i shall speak only of that part of it which may be performed by medicines , for if it stick much to the bottom of the womb , or is very large , it will scarce be expelled unless a chyrurgeon extract it . give the woman a spoonful of syrup of mugwort morning and evening for three days following , either by it self or mixt with an ounce of penny-royal-water ; afterwards purge her every other day , or every third day with the fetid pill , two scruples or a dram may be taken at a time early in the morning , and let her sleep if she can till they begin to work ; let her be purged in this manner five times . things that loosen must be also applied frequently to the womb to open the passages likewise to the belly , groins , loins , and hips , with spunges and flannels ; the following fomentation is of excellent use . take of the leaves of marsh-mallows and mallows each one handful , of the roots of round and long birthwort each one handful , of the leaves of mugwort , mercury , feverfew , sage , hysop and calaminth each half an handful , of the seeds of flax , marshmallows , fenugreek , anise , lovage , each half an ounce , of the flowers of camomile , melilote , rosemary , broom , mugwort , each one pugil , of bran one pugil ; hoyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to five quarts ; add of oyl of olives half a pint , of the oyls of camomile and sweet almonds each four ounces , of the oyl of lillies two ounces ; foment the parts as above directed , and afterwards anoint them with ointment of marshmallows . chap. xvii . of superfoetation . there is a great dispute whether a woman , who hath two or more children at once , conceived of them at one or several coitions : some will have this to be superfoetation ; but there are signs whereby we may know the difference , whether both children were begotten at once , or successively one after another . supefoetation , according to hippocrates , is a reiterated conception , when a woman being already with child conceives again the second time . that which makes many believe , that there can be no superfoetation is , because as soon as a woman has conceived , her womb closes , and is exactly firm , so that the seed of the man , absolutely necessary to conception , finding no place nor entry , cannot , as they say , be received , nor contained in it : but it may be answered , that tho' the womb be usually exactly shut and close , when a woman has conceived , yet it may be sometimes opened to let pass some ferous slimy excrements , or especially when a woman is much delighted in the act of copulation . but this second conception is very rare ; for we must not imagine , that when a woman brings forth two or more children at once , there is a superfoetation ; because they are almost always begot in the same act , by the reception of abundance of seed into the womb. when a woman brings forth one or more children at a birth , begotten at once , which are usually called twins , it is known by their being both almost of an equal bigness and thickness , and by having but one common after-birth , not separated one from the other , but by their membranes : but if there are several children , and a superfoetation , they will not have a common burthen , nor will they be of an equal bigness . to conclude , of a hundred women that have twins , ninety of them have but one burthen common to them both , which is a certain sign they had no superfoetation . chap. xviii . of the womb-cake , of the membranes involving the child , and of the humours contain'd in them , of the umbilical vessels , of the parts of a child that differ from those of the adult . the womb-cake , otherwise called the womb-liver , for the likeness of substance , is soft , and has innumerable fibres and small vessels ; it is two fingers breadth , thick in its middle , but thinner near the edges , and a quarter of a yard over from one side to the other , when the infant is near the birth ; on that side next the foetus , it is smooth and something hollowish , like navelwort , and is knit to the chorion ; but on that next the womb , it is very unequal , having a great many bunchings , whereby it sticks fast to the womb. vvhen there is but one child in the womb , it is but one ; but if there be twins there are two womb-cakes , and a particular rope of umbilical vessels is inserted into each from each child ; it grows not out of the womb originally , but its first rudiments appear like a woolly substance on the outside of the outer membrane that invests the embrio called chorion , about the eighth or ninth week , upon which in a short while a red fleshly and soft substance grows , but unequally and a little in knobs , and then it presently thereby sticks to the womb , and is very conspicuous about the twelfth or thirteenth week , till now the infant is increased and nourished wholly by the apposition of the cristalline or albugineous liquor , wherein it swims loose in the inner membrane , called amnios , having no umbilical vessels , whereby to receive any thing from the womb-cake . but when it grows bigger , and begins to want nourishment , the extremities of the umbilical vessels begin to grow out of the navel by little and little , and are extended towards the womb-cake , that they may draw out of it a more nourishing juice , and carry it to the infant , as plants do from the earth by their roots . it has vessels from the womb and from the chorion ; the former are of four kinds , arteries , veins , nerves , and lympheducts ; all which tho' they be very large , and visible in the womb , and also where the womb-cake is joyned to it , yet they send the smallest capilaries to the womb it self . those that come from the chorion are arteries and veins . the arteries and veins that come from the womb , spring from the hypogastricks , and also that branch of the supermaticks that is incerted into the bottom of the womb ; those that come from the chorion are the umbilical vessels of the infant . the womb-cake after it is joyned to the womb , sticks most firmly to it for the first months , as unripe fruit does to the tree , but as the infant becomes bigger and riper , and nearer to the birth , by so much the more easily will it part from the womb , and at length it falls out of the womb , and makes part of the after-birth . next to the womb-cake follow the two membranes , viz. chorion the outer , and amnios the inner , wherein the child is wrapt : betwixt these two after the child is perfectly formed , there is a third , viz. allantois . the chorion is pretty thick , smooth on the inside , but without somewhat unequal and rough , and in that part of it which sticks to the womb-cake , and by it to the womb , it has very many vessels which spring from the womb it self and the umbilical vessels . twins are both inclosed in one chorion , but have each a particular amnios ; it invests the egg orriginally , which egg being brought to the womb , and becoming a conception , this membrane imbibes the moisture that bedews the womb plentifully at that time . this liquor that it imbibes , is thought to be the nutritious juice that ouzes out of the capilary orifices of the hypogastrick and spermatick arteries , and is of the same nature with that which afterward is separated in the womb-cake , and carried to the infant by the umbilical vein ; and with that also which abounds in the amnios even till the birth . the amnios is the inmost membrane that immediately contains the child ; it is not knit to the chorion in any place save where the umbilical vessels pass through them both into the womb-cake ; it is very thin , soft , smooth , and pellucid , and encompasses the infant very loosly , it has vessels from the same origins as the chorion . from a limpid liquor contained in this membrane , the first lineaments of the embrio are drawn . but because this liquor is so very little , there sweats through this membrane presently part of that nutritious albugineous humour that is contained in the chorion , which it had imbibed out of the womb , and by the addition of this humour to the undiscernible rudiments of the embrio , it receives its increase . but tho' the amnios have its additional nutricious liquor at first only by transudation , yet when the umbilical vessels , and the womb-cakes are formed , it receives it after another manner , for then being separated from the mothers arteries by the placenta , and imbibed by the umbilical veins of the infant passes directly to its heart , from whence being driven a great part of it down the aorta , it is sent forth again by the umbilical arteries , out of whose capillaries dispersed plentifully through the amnios , it issues into its cavity . a third membrane which invests the whole infant is the allantoides ; it has the same figure as the chorion and amnios , betwixt which it is placed in their whole circumference . now , tho' it must be supposed that this as well as the other two is originally in the egg , yet there is no appearance of it , till after the umbilical vessels and the womb-cake are formed , and the albugineous liquor ceases to be imbibed by the chorion out of the uterus ; but as soon as the infant begins to be nourished by the umbilical vessels , and the urachus is permeable , then presently this membrane begins to shew it self , containing a very thin liquor , which is the urine of the infant brought into it by the urachus , and wherewith it is filled daily more and more till the birth : it may be known from the chorion and amnios by this , that they have numerous vessels dispersed through them ; but this has not the least visible vein or artery ; it is very hard to separate the chorion from it , but towards the birth it becomes so turgid with urine , that the amnios which immediately contains the infant , swims 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 liquor that it contains is the urine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 brought hither by the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 soon as the infant is perfect 〈…〉 , its kidneys must needs perform 〈…〉 office of separating the serum from the blood , for otherwise it would be affected with an ansarca ; i say , the serum is separated in the kidneys , and glides down from thence into the bladder , wherein there is a pretty large quantity when the infant is five or six months old : now it flows not out of the bladder by its orifice , because at that time the sphincter is too contracted and narrow , and if it should pass that way , it would mix with the nourishing juice wherein the infant swims in the amnios , and wherewith by taking it in by its mouth , it is partly nourished , and so would defile and corrupt it . nature therefore has provided it another passage by the urachus inserted into the bottom of the bladder , which tho it grows solid like a ligament after the child is born , as the umbilical vein does , yet while the infant is in the womb , it is open and conveighs the urine into the allantoides , that is placed betwixt the chorion and amnios , where it is collected and preserved till the birth . the naval-string is membraneous , wreathed , and unequal , and arises from the navel ; it reaches to the womb-cake ; it is about half an ell long , and a finger thick , the vessels contained in this string , and covered with the common coat called funiculus are four , one vein , two arteries , and the urachus ; the vein is larger than the aretries , and arises from the liver of the infant at the trunk of the vena porta , and from thence passing out of the navel it runs along the funiculus to the womb-cake , into which it is implanted by innumerable roots ; but before it reaches it , it sends some little twigs into the amnios . the umbilical vein serves for conveying to the infant the nutricious juice separated in the womb-cake from the mothers arteries ; but together with this juice returns so much of the arterial blood , that comes from the infant , as is not spent upon the nourishment of the womb-cake , or of the chorion and amnios . in the funiculus are included also two arteries , which are not both of them together so big as the vein ; they spring out of the inner iliacal branches of the great artery , and passing by the sides of the bladder , they rise up to the navel , out of which they are conducted to the womb-cake , in the same common cover with the vein and urachus wherewith they are twined and wreathed like a rope . spirituous blood is driven from the infant by the beating of its heart to the womb-cake , and the membranes , for nourishment , from which , what blood remains circulates back again to the umbilical vein together with nutricious juice , imbibed afresh by its capillaries dispersed in the womb-cake . but besides arterial blood , there flows out of the navel by them part of the nutricious juice , that was imported by the umbilical vein , i say flows out by these arteries , which by their branches , that are dispersed through the amnios , discharge it by their little mouths into it . the fourth umbilical vessel is the urachus , or urinary vessel , it is a small , membranous , round pipe indued with a straight cavity arising from the bottom of the bladder up to the navel ; out of which it passes along within the common cover and opens into the allantoides . these four vessels , as has been said above , have one common cover , which also keeps each of them from touching the other ; it is called funiculus ; it is membranous , round and hollow , indifferent thick , consisting of a double coat , the inner from the peritoneum , and the outer from the paniculus carnosus . it has several knots , which dr. wharton thinks are little glands , through which the nutricious juice distills out of the capacity of the funiculus into the cavity of the amnios . midwives guess by their number how many more children the mother shall have , but without reason . when the infant is born , its navel-rope is wont to be tyed about one or two fingers breadth from the navel , with a strong thread cast about it several times , and then about two or three fingers breadth beyond the ligature to be cut off ; what is not cut off is suffered to remain till it drop off of its own accord . as to the way how the infant is nourished there has been great disputes , some affirm by blood only , and that received by the umbilical vein , others by chile only received in by the mouth ; but indeed according to the different degrees of perfection , that an egg passes from conception to an infant ready for the birth , it is nourished variously . for , first , as soon as an egg impregnated descends into the womb , it presently imbibes through its outer membrane some of that albugineous liquor , that at this time plentifully bedews the internal superfices of the womb , so that as soon as the first lineaments of an embryo begin to be drawn , out of that humour contained in the amnios , they presently receive increase by the apposition of the said liquor filtrated out of the chorion through the amnios into its cavity ; and this same liquor , that thus increases the first rudiments of the embryo , dr. harvey calls coliquamentum . but when the parts of the embryo begin to be a little more perfect , and the chorion becomes so dense , that not any more of the said liquor is imbibed by it , the umbilical vessels begin to be formed , and to extend to the side of the amnios which they penetrate , and both the vein and arteries pass also through the allantois and chorion , and are implanted into the womb-cake , that at this time , first gathering upon the chorion joins it to the womb ; and now the hypogastrick and spermatick arteries , that before cast the nutricious juice into the cavity of the womb , open by the orifices into the womb-cake , where they deposite the said juice , which is absorded by the umbilical vein , and by it conveyed , first to the liver , then to the heart of the infant , where the thinner and the more spirituous part of it is turn'd into blood ; but the more gross and earthy part of it descending by the aorta enters the umbilical arteries , and by those branches of them , that run through the amnios , is discharged into its cavity . the grosser nutricious juice being deposited by the umbilical arteries in the amnios , as soon as the mouth , gullet , and stomach , and the like are formed so perfectly , that the foetus can swallow , it sucks in some of the said juice , which descending into the stomach and intestines , is received by the lacteal veins , as in grown persons . the infant therefore is nourished three several ways , but only by one humour : first , by apposition of it , while it is yet an imperfect embrio , and has not the umbilical vessels formed : but after these are perfected , it then receives the same nutricious juice by the umbilical vein , the more spirituous and thin part whereof it changes into blood , and sends forth the grosser part by the umbilical artery into the amnios , which the infant sucks in at its mouth , and undergoing a new concoction in its stomach , is received out of the intestines by the lacteal veins , as is done after the birth . a child in the womb differs from an adult person in many parts , the parts are less , the colour of the whole reddish , the bones soft , and many of them gristly and flexible in the head : there are several differences : first , the head , in respect to the proportion of the rest of the body , is bigger , the crown is not covered with bone , but only with a membrane ; the bone of the forehead is divided , as also of the under jaw , and the os cuneiforme is divided into four . the bone of the hinder part of the head is distinguished into three , four or five bones . the brain is softer , and more fluid , and the nerves very soft . the bones that serve the sense of hearing are wonderfully hard and big ; the teeth lie hid in the little holes of the jaw-bone ; the dugs swell , and out of them in infants new born , whether male or female , a serous milk issues forth sometimes of its own accord , and sometimes with a gentle pressure : the vertebrae of the back want their spinous processes , and each of them made of three distinct bones : the heart is remarkably big , and its auriculae large : there are two unions of the greater vessels , that are not conspicuous in grown persons : first , the foramen ovale , by which there is a passage open , out of the cava into the vein of the lungs , just as each of them are opening , the first into the right ventricle , and the latter into the left ventricle of the heart , and this foramen , just as it opens into the vein of the lungs has a valve that hinders any thing from returning out of the said vein into the foramen : secondly , the arterial channel , which two fingers breadth from the basis of the heart joyns the artery of the lungs to the aorta ; it has a pretty lage cavity , and ascends a little obliquely from the said artery to the aorta , into which it conveys the blood , that was driven into the artery of the lungs , out of the right ventricle of the heart , so that it never comes into the left ventricle , as the blood that is sent out of the left venticle into the aorta never came in the right , except a little that is returned from the nutrition of the lungs , but past immediately into it out of the vena cava by the foramen ovale , so that the blood passes not through both the ventricles , as it does after the child is born . you may know whether infants killed by whores , and which they commonly affirm were still-born , were really so or no , by putting the lungs of the infant in water ; for if they were still-born the lungs will sink , if alive , so as to breath never so little while , they will swim . the gland thymus is very large , and consists as it were of three glands ; the umbilical vessels go out of the abdomen ; the stomach is narrower , but pretty full of a whitish liquor : the caul is scarce visible , the guts are seventimes longer than the body ; the excrements in the small guts are flegmatick and yellow , but in the thick somewhat hard and blackish , sometimes greenish ; the caecum is larger than usual , and often fill'd with faeces : the liver is very large , and extends it self into the left side , and covers all the upper part of the stomach , it has a passage , which is not in grown persons , called the veiny channel , which arising out of the sinus of the porta , carries the greatest part of what is brought by the umbilical vein directly , and in a full stream into the cava above the liver : but this passage presently closes , as soon as the infant is born , and turns to a ligament , as doth the urachus and the two umbilical arteries . the spleen is small ; the gall-bladder is full of yellow or green choler ; the sweet-bread is very large and white ; the kidneys are bigger and unequal in their superficies ; the renes succenturiati are exceeding large ; the ureters are wide , and the bladder stretched with urine ; in females the vvomb is depressed , the tubes long , and the testes very large ; the little bones of the vvrists and instep are gristly , and not firmly joyned together . its knees are drawn up to the belly , its legs bending backwards , its feet across , and its hands lifted up to its head , one of which it holds to the temple or ear , the other to the cheek , where there are white spots on the skin , as if it had been rubbed upon ; the back-bone turns round , the head hanging down towards its knees , its face commonly towards the mothers back ; but near the birth , sometimes a vveek or two before , it alters its situation , and tumbles down with its head to the neck of the vvomb , and its feet upwards ; then the vvomb also settles downwards , and its orifice relaxes , and opens ; and the infant moving up and down tears the membrans wherein it is included , and the waters flowing into the sheath ; but sometimes the membranes come forth whole ; at the same time the neighbouring parts are loosened and become fit for distension , and the bones near are so much relaxed in their joynts , that they make way for the infant , and the motion of it so much disturbs the vvomb , that the fibres of it and the muscles of the belly contract altogether to expel it . chap. xix . of the management of a woman with child . the woman ought to be kept in a good moderate and clear air , and she must eat what she likes best , and be sure not to fast too long ; only she must observe not to eat too much at a time ; and to comfort the stomach , which is always weak in this condition , she may drink a little wine , or for want of it strong beer at meals . as to sleep , a woman with child requires more sleep than she does at other times . as to exercise and rest , she must order her self according to the different times ; for at the beginning she ought to keep her self quiet , and not to use copulation : riding on horse-back , or in a waggon , or indeed in a coach is not safe at any time of her being with child , especially when she is near her time , for such exercises often cause miscarriage . but she may walk gently , or be carried in a chair . she must not carry or lift heavy burdens , or lift up her arms too high , and therefore ought not to dress her own head. let her exercise be gentle walking in low-heel'd shoes ; but she had better rest too much than exercise too much , for more hard labours are occasioned by violent exercise than by any other thing . moreover , it is convenient that the woman should abstain from copulation the last two months , for the body is very much moved , and the belly compressed in the action , which causes the child to take a wrong posture . if the belly be bound , as it is often at this time , prunes stewed , or veal broath may be often used , or the following glister may be used . boyl an handful of mallow leaves , in three quarters of a pint of milk , let the milk just boyl up , add to it two ounces of brown sugar , and a little fresh butter , strain it for use . she must moderate her passions , and great care must be taken that she be not frighted , and that melancholy news be not suddenly told her , but you must endeavour to keep her as chearful as possibly you can , the sudden surprizes of joy must be also avoided , for excesses on either hand are prejudicial . the cloaths of a woman with child should sit easie , for any immoderate pressure is apt to make the child deformed , and hurts the breasts , and very often causes miscarriage . unnecessary bleeding must be avoided , so must all strong purges but if purging is requisite , only such things as purge gently must be used , as cassia , rubarb , and manna . the cassia is best sucked out of the canes , the rubarb may be chewed , and an ounce and a half or two ounces of manna may be dissolved in posset-drink , and used upon occasion in the morning . vomiting often afflicts women with child , but if it be moderate and at the beginning and without great straining it is beneficial ; if it continues longer than the third or fourth month it ought to be remedied ; in order to which let the woman use good food , and a little at a time , and let her use with her meat the juice of oranges , she may eat now and then broth mixed with the yolk of an egg , for it 's very nourishing and of easie digestion , and after meals let her eat a little marmalade of quinces , and she may drink a glass of claret ; she must forbear fat meat and sauces , and sweet and sugar'd sauces . but if the vomiting continues notwithstanding this regular diet till the woman is above half gon , she must take the following purge . take of tamarinds half an ounce , of sena one dram , of rubarb one dram and an half , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water , in three ounces of the strained liquor dissolve an ounce of manna , and an ounce of syrup of succory with rubarb ; make a purging potion to be taken in the morning . it may be repeated once or oftener upon occasion . and it may be proper for the woman in the winter time to were a lambskin or the like upon her stomach and belly . if pains of the back , reins and hips are violent , the woman must be blooded , and take at bed-time sixteen drops of the liquid laudanum mentioned at the latter end of the chapter of hysteric diseases in a glass of canary wine , or in any thing else she likes , and she must keep her bed till the pain abates ; if the pain is continual , the belly must be supported with a swaith fitted for the purpose . if after the third or fourth month the breasts are very painful , 't is convenient the woman shou'd bleed in the arm , if she be full of blood , and use a diet that is moderately cooling and nourishing ; but if the pain comes at the beginning , we ought to leave the whole business to nature , only the woman must have a care that she receives no blows on those parts , nor must she be strait laced , for fear the breasts shou'd impostumate . if incontinence or difficulty of urin be occasion'd by the weight and bigness of the belly , the woman may remedy it , and ease her self , if when she wou'd make water , she lift up with both her hands the bottom of her belly , or she may wear a large swaith fitted for this use , to bear up the belly , but the best way is to keep her in bed. if a sharpness of urin causes an inflammation on the neck of the bladder , it may be appeased by a regular cooling diet , and emulsions of the cold seeds used morning and evening . take of blanched almonds number twelve , of the four greater cold seeds each one dram and an half , of the seeds of lettice and white poppies each half a dram , beat them in a marble mortar , and pour on them gently three quarters of a pint of poppy water , make an emulsion for two doses , add one ounce of syrup of violets and half a dram of sal prunella . if the inflammation and sharpness of urine be not removed by the things above-mention'd , a little blood may be taken from the arm , and the neck of the bladder may be bathed with the following decoction , with flannels dipt in it and pressed out . take of the roots of marsh-mallows one ounce , of the leaves of mallows , marsh-mallows , pellitory , and violets , each one handful , of the flowers of melilote one handful , of the seeds of flax and fenugreek each two drams , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to a pint and half . but if the woman notwithstanding she observes these directions cannot make water , it must be drawn out with a catheter by an artist . if the woman be troubled with a violent cough she must be blooded in the arm at any time of her being with child , for this is apt to occasion miscarriage , and all salted and spiced meat and sharp things must be forborn . she may now and then use juice of liquorish , sugar candy , and syrup of violets , and if the body be bound a glister of milk and sugar may be injected . the following syrup is very proper in this case . take half a pint of claret wine , one dram of cinnamon , half a dozen cloves , and four ounces of sugar , burn the wine , and boyl it to the consistence of a syrup , whereof let the woman take three spoonfuls at bedtime . the woman must go loose in her clothes , and if the rheum be very thin , and the cough tickles much , sixteen drops of the liquid laudanum mentioned in the chapter of hysteric diseases must be now and then taken at bedtime in some liquor she uses to drink . if the legs and thighs swell and are painful , they must be swaithed with a swaith three or four fingers broad , beginning to swaith from the bottom ; but in this case 't is best for the woman to be kept in bed ; if there be signs of fulness of blood , she must be blooded in the arm. if the big bellied woman be troubled with the piles , and abound with blood , she must be blooded in the arm , and if her body is costive , the emollient glyster mentioned above must be used , and afterwards to ease the pain they must be anointed often with populean ointment mixt with a few grains of opium : for instance , take of populean ointment one dram , of opium five grains , beat them well together in a mortar , and anoint the piles with it twice or thrice a day . but if the inflammation and the swelling are much , you must apply leeches to the part affected , and let her keep her bed. if the piles bleed of themselves immoderately ( for if the flux be moderate at this time the woman being full of blood she may be relieved thereby ) a cooling and thickening course of diet must be order'd , as three parts of fountain water , and one of milk boyl'd together and drank cold , roasted apples , barly-broths , and the like , also thickning and cooling juleps and emulsions . take of the waters of plantain and cinnamon hordeated each four ounces , of distilled vinegar half an ounce , of true-bole and dragons-blood each half a dram , of the liquid laudanum mentioned in the chapter of hysteric fits thirty drops , of syrup of myrtles one ounce and an half , mix them and make a julep , let her take four or five spoonfuls every night at bed-time . take of the four greater cold seeds , each one dram and an half , of sweet almonds number four , of the seeds of white poppies two drams , plantain water eight ounces , of red poppy water four ounces , of cinnamon water hordeated one ounce and an half , make an emulsion , to which add three drams of pearled sugar , and half an ounce of the juice of cevil orange , mingle them , let her take four ounces thrice a day . bleeding in the arm is also proper in this case to turn the flux . if a loosness comes upon a woman with child , and continues above five days , she must use food of easie digestion and little at a time , and let her drink be claret wine mixt with water , wherein iron has been quenched , and now and then milk boyl'd with thrice the quantity of water , or the white decoction made in the following manner . take of calcined harts-horn powder'd two ounces , of fountain water two quarts , boyl it till half is consumed , strain it gently through a linnen rag , and add to it three ounces of syrup of quinces . and before meals she may eat a little marmalade of quinces . but note , that before she uses these astringents , it will be convenient to purge off the ill humours with the following potion . take of rubarb one dram and a half , of sena two drams , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water , to three ounces of strain'd liquor , add one ounce of syrup of succory with rubarb , and two drams of cinnamon-water . let it be taken in the morning . but if the loosness turn to the bloody-flux , the case is very dangerous , and therefore after the use of the purging potion above mention'd , if the woman has strength enough to bear it , you must immediately give sixteen drops of the liquid laudanum so often mentioned in this treatise , in two or three spoonfuls of cinnamon-water hordeated or the like , which must be repeated every night at bedtime , and in the morning too , if the flux continue violent , and to keep up the strength four or five spoonfuls of the following julep may be taken often . take of the waters of black-cherries and strawberries each four ounces , of epidemic water and compound scordium-water , and of cinnamon-water hordeated each one ounce , of pearls prepared one dram and an half , of chrystaline sugar a sufficient quantity , make a julep . the vvomans drink in this case must be the milk water , or the white decoction above described , and when she is very weak , she may take for her ordinary drink , a quart of fountain water boyl'd with half a pint of sack ; and she may eat sometimes panada , and sometimes broth made of lean mutton , and she must be kept in bed : moreover a glister made of half a pint of cows milk , and an ounce and an half of venice-treacle must be injected daily . if the vvoman has her courses after the fourth or fifth month of her being with child ( for some vvomen have them till the fifth month , without any manner of prejudice to themselves or their children ) you must endeavour to stop them then , and before too if you suppose they slow by reason of the heat and acrimony of the blood , or the weakness of the vessels , and not from an abundance of blood , which may be known by her having her courses much when she was not with child . to stop this flux , the vvoman must be kept in bed , and forbear all things that may heat the blood , especially anger ; she must use a strengthening and cooling diet , feeding on meat that breeds good blood and thickens it , as broths made of poultry , necks of mutton , knuckles of veal , wherein may be boyl'd cooling herbs ; she may eat new lay'd eggs , gellies , rice-milk , barly-broth , and the like , and iron must be quenched in her beer , and she must forbear copulation , and the belly must be bathed about the region of the vvomb with tent , wherein pomegranate-peel , provence roses and cinnamon has been boyl'd . but if the vvoman be taken with flooding , the case is extreamly hazardous , and if it continues violent , she must be deliver'd without delay , for otherwise death will necessarily follow : yet it is to be noted , that it must not be done presently as soon as the flux is perceived , because some small floodings have been sometimes suppressed by keeping quiet in bed , by bleeding in the arm , and the use of remedies above mention'd : if therefore the blood flows , but in a small quantity , and continues but a little while , she must not be delivered ; but if it flows in so great abundance that she falls into convulsions and faintings , the operation must not be deferred , whether she has pains and throws or not . and because in floodings , weakness and faintings ever follow , we must endeavour to preserve that little strength the vvoman has left , and to increase it if possible , that so she may be able to bear the operation ; to which purpose there ought to be given her from time to time good strengthening broths , gellies , and a little good vvine , she must always smell to vinegar , and have a warm toast dipt in vvine and cinnamon appli'd to the region of her heart , which do her more good than solid food , and to prevent the blood from flooding in great abundance before she can be delivered , a vein in her arm may be open'd to turn the course of it , and napkins dipt in vvater and vinegar may be apply'd all along her reins . if the woman be troubled with a bearing down of the womb , her best way is to keep in bed ; but if she cannot conveniently do so , she must wear a broad swaith to keep up her belly ; but if the bearing down proceeds from humours that relax the ligaments of the vvomb , she must be kept to a drying diet , her food being rather roasted than boyl'd , and must refrain from copulation and must not be strait laced . if the lips of the privities are much swelled , by reason of watery humours falling upon them , you must scarifie with a lancet all along the lips , that the humours may distil out , and you must foment the parts with the following decoction . take of the leaves of bays , sage , rosemary , and of the flowers of camomile each one handful , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water ; to a pint and half of the strain'd liquor , add a quarter of a pint of brandy , and bath the parts affected often with a spunge dipt in the hot liquor . chap. xx. of miscarriage . to prevent miscarriage , all indispositions of the body which are wont to occasion it must be removed , as fulness of blood , ill humours , and peculiar diseases of the vvomb , as swellings , ulcers and the like . fulness of blood opens the veins of the vvomb , or strangles the infant , and therefore the vvoman must be blooded , and so much blood must be taken away , as will sufficiently discharge nature . if an ill habit of body and ill humours are the cause of miscarriage , the vvoman must be frequently purged , and a small quantity of blood may be taken away , and betwixt the purges , such things must be used as correct the indisposition of the bowels , and the sharpness of the humours , and the humours must be thickened if they are too thin . and if flegmatick humours abound , they must be carried off by sweats and such things as force urin : issues in the arms and thighs are also very proper to prevent miscarriage , whatever ill humours abound in the body . the peculiar diseases of the vvomb , as over great moisture , swellings , ulcers , and such like , must be cured by their proper remedies : and first , if moisture abound , let the woman be purged with two scruples of the pill coch-major twice a week , and when she does not purge , let her drink morning and evening of the following decoction . take of the roots of sarsaparilla four ounces , of china two ounces , of white and red sanders each half an ounce , of the rasping of harts-horn and ivory each three drams , infuse them , and boyl them in eight pints of fountain water till half is consumed ; add a quarter of pound of raisins of the sun , and if the woman be of a flegmatick constitution , instead of china , add two ounces of guiacum rasped . let her drink half a pint morning and evening . take of franckincense , myrrh , mastich , storax , calamite , gum of juniper , ladanum , each one ounce , with a sufficient quantity of turpentine make troches , and let one or more of them be cast on live coals , and let the fume be received into the privities through a funnel . if a swelling be the cause , you must make application according to the nature of the humour , and the time and other circumstances of the swelling ; if it be hot and made by fluxion , which may be known by the pain and suddenness of the swelling , as also by the tension and pulsation , and by being accompanied with a fever , bleeding must be used in the first place , and the woman must be frequently purged with the purging potion mention'd in the foregoing chapter , made of tamarinds , sena , manna , and the like , and after evacuations you must apply cooling and repelling things to the reins and the lower part of the belly , as oyl of roses washed in vinegar and the like , and the following decoction may be injected into the womb. take of the leaves of plantain , water lillies , night-shade , and endive each one handful , of red roses two pugils , boyl them in three pints of fountain water till a pint is consumed , add to it of oyl of myrtles one ounce , of vinegar half an ounce . but note you must not use cooling and repelling things too long , lest the tumour be hardened thereby and turn to a scirrhus , and therefore soon after the beginning of the swelling , emollient and resolving things must be mixt with repellents , mallows , marshmallows , mugwort , fenugreek , camomile and melilote ; and if the pain be violent , you must inject into the womb goat or sheeps milk , with opium and saffron each three or four grains , to which may be added a little rose water . but if the swelling cannot be resolved and tends to suppuration , it must be furthered by the application of the following pultis . take of the roots of marshmallows , of the flowers of camomile and melilote , of the seeds of flax and fenugreek each one ounce , of fat figs number eight , boyl them to the consistence of a pultis , then add the yolks of four eggs , of saffron half a scruple , of oyl of lillies and fresh butter each one ounce , make a cataplasm . if the swelling be made by congestion , it is slow and without pain , and generally cold , and the matter of it is either thin and serous , or thick and flegmatick and apt to grow hard . in this case steel medicines used as directed in the chapter of hysteric diseases do good , but purging must go before : issues in the legs are also proper , and emollient and resolving medicines must be apply'd outwardly in the following manner . take of the roots of marshmallows and lillies each two ounces , of the leaves of mallows , violets , marshmallows , and bears-breech each one handful , of the seeds of flax and fenugreek each one ounce , of the leaves of mugwort and calamint half a handful , of the flowers of camomile and melilote each one pugil , boyl them in three pints of fountain water till a third be consumed , and foment the region of the pubes and groin with a spunge dipt in it and pressed out : of the same decoction the dose of the simples being increased , a bath may be made , which is very effectual in this case , and more powerful than the fomentation ▪ glisters also and injections may be made of the same decoction , and frequently used , whereunto may be added the oyls of lillies , camomile , and sweet almonds . but these medicines must be used with great caution , lest the swelling shou'd degenerate into a cancer , and indeed 't is to no purpose to use medicines when the swelling is without pain and of a stony nature . but if an ulcer be the cause , the cure of it must be performed by stopping the fluxion of the humours , and by cleansing and conglutinating the ulcer ; and first if the body abound with blood , or if the ulcer be accompanied with an inflammation , a vein must be opened in the arm , and bleeding must be repeated as often as there is danger of a new fluxion , especially at the times of the courses , to lessen them , for they are wont to increase the matter of the ulcer , and to promote the flux of other humours to the womb. purging is also very necessary to cleanse the body from ill humours , but it ought to consist of gentle catharticks , as of sena , rhubarb , tamarinds , myrobolans and the like , or the purging potion of tamarinds may be used but if the woman vomits easily she may take the following vomit or the like . take of vinum benedictum six drams , of the water of carduus benedictus one ounce , of oxymel of squills half an ounce , mingle them , make a vomit , let it be taken about four in the afternoon , and she must drink a large draught of posset drink after every time she vomits . the days the sick does not purge , a vulnerary decoction must be used a long while in the following manner . take of the leaves of agrimony , knot-grass , burnet , and plantine , each one handful , of the roots of china three drams , of coriander one dram , of raisins half an ounce , of red sanders one scruple , boyl them in chicken broth , strain it , let the sick drink it morning and evening . if there be a fever , and if a great quantity of matter be evacuated , whey is very proper , half a pint or more being taken in a morning with a little honey of roses , and if there is an hectick fever and the body begins to wast , asses milk must be taken with sugar of roses for a whole month. turpentine washed in some proper water for the womb , as in mugwort or feverfew water , or in some water proper for the ulcer , as plantain or rose water , and taken with sugar of roses cleanses and heals the ulcer . to cleanse dry and heal the ulcer various injections are proposed , but they must not be used till the inflammation is taken off , and till the pain is quieted , and therefore upon account of the inflammation an emulsion of the cold seeds , or the whey of goats milk , or milk it self may be injected first , and if necessity requires , a decoction of poppy heads and tops of mallows may be injected . some practitioners say , the sick may be much relieved by injecting frequently warm water , and when the heat and pain is quieted , we may use such things as cleanse , beginning with the gentle , and proceeding gradually to the stronger . the gentle are whey with sugar , a decoction of barly with sugar , or honey of roses , but simple hydromel cleanses most . but if the ulcer be very sordid , the following decoction may be used . take of the roots of gentian , rhaponticum , zedoary , and round birthwort each one ounce , of white-wine three pints , boyl them to the consumption of a third part ; in the strain'd liquor dissolve half a pound of sugar , and keep it for use ; a little vnguentum aegyptiacum may be added to it if there be occasion to cleanse more . if the ulcer be deep , the fume mention'd above may be used ; when the ulcer is very obstinate , cinnabar must be added , which is of excellent use . if these diseases happen when a woman is with child , the difficulty is greater , because bigbellied women cannot so easily bear all kind of remedies , yet lest being destitute of all help they shou'd remain in extream danger of miscarriage and death , some kind of remedies are to be used ; therefore if she be too full of blood , she must have a vein opened , tho she be with child , especially in the first month , and so twice or thrice if need be , but much blood must not be taken away at a time . and when there is abundanee of ill humours , gentle purging must be used and repeated , especially in the middle months , and in the mean while those astringent and strengthening ▪ medicines must be used all the time the woman is with child , that are proper to hinder miscarriage . take of kermes berries and tormentil roots each three ounces , of mastich one dram and an half , make a powder , whereof give now and then half a dram , or as much as will lie on the point of a knife , or let her take every morning some grains of mastich : or take of conserve of roses two ounces , of citron peel candied six drams , of myrobolans candied , of the pulp of dates each half an ounce , of coral prepared , pearl prepared , and shavings of harts-horn each one dram , with syrup of quinces make an electuary , of which let the woman take often the quantity of a nutmeg . the following lozenges are very good for they strengthen , and by little and little free the body from excrements , tho they do not sensibly purge sometimes . take of mace , of the three sorts of sanders , rubarb , sena , coral , pearl , each one scruple , of sugar dissolved in rose-water four ounces , make all into lozenges weighing three drams apeece ; let her take one twice a week by it self , or dissolved in a little broth. the following plaster may be apply'd to the reins . take of the plaster ad herniam and de minio each equal parts , spread it on leather , and apply it to the small of the back . but plasters must not be worn long together , lest they should cause an heat of urin , and the stone in the kidnies . in the use of these things , the woman must keep her self as quiet as possibly she can , both in body and mind , and must abstain from copulation . but if notwithstanding the medicines aforesaid , by reason of the vehemence of the cause , whether it be outward or inward , the sick be ready to miscarry , we must do the best we can with the following remedies , and in the first place so soon as pains and throws shall be perceived in the lower part of the belly , and in the loins , we must endeavour to allay them both by medicines taken inwardly and outwardly apply'd according to the variety of the causes , and if crudities and wind are the cause , as they are most usually when the cause is within , a powder must be given made of aromaticum rosatum and coriander seeds , and we may give of the imperial water if flegm and wind abound . at the same time let carminative medicines be apply'd below the navel of the patient , such are bags of anise seeds , fennel seeds , fenugreek seeds , flowers of camomile , elder , rosemary and stechas , mixt together , or a rose cake fryed in a pan with rich canary , and sprinkled with powder of nutmegs and coriander seeds , or the gaul of a wether new kill'd or his lungs lay'd on warm . if by these means the pains cease not , let a glister be injected made of wine and oyl , wherein two drams of philonium romanum may be dissolved , or narcoticks may be given inwardly in a small quantity to allay the violence of the humours and wind , as we are wont to do in pains of the colick . but if blood begins to come away , frictions and painful ligatures of the upper parts must be used to turn the course of the blood , and if the woman be full of blood , it will not be amiss to take some blood from her , especially before it begins to low , but it must be taken away at several times a little at once . and if the flux of blood continues we must proceed to an astringent and thickening diet and medicines , as mentioned above . astringent fomentations may be also used outwardly made of pomgranate-peels , cypress nuts , acorn cups , balaustines , and the like , boyl'd in smiths water and red wine : or a little bag full of red roses and balaustines may be boyl'd in red wine and apply'd hot to the womans belly : and the plaister above mentioned may be used . it is believed , that the two following medicines will certainly retain the child in the womb if they be used before it is torn from the vessels of the womb. take of leaves of gold , number twelve , of spodium one dram , the cocks treading of three eggs not addle , mix all very well till the gold be broken into small peeces , afterwards dissolve them in a draught of white wine , and give it three mornings following . at the same time let the following cataplasm be applied . take of male frankincense powdred two ounces , the whites of five eggs , let them be stirred together over hot coals , add turpentine to make them stick , then spread them upon tow , and lay them upon her navel as hot as she can possibly endure them twice a day morning and evening on the three days afore-said . chap. xxi . the signs that precede a natural and vnnatural delivery . the signs preceding a natural labour a few days before , are sinking down of the belly , which hinders a woman at that time in walking as easie as she used to do , and thence flows from the womb slimy humours , appointed by nature to moisten and smoothen the passage , that its inward orifice may the more easily be dilated , when it is necessary , which beginning to open a little at that time suffers that slime to flow away . the signs accompanying present labour are , great pains about the region of the reins and loins , which coming and redoubling by intervals , answer in the bottom of the belly with reiterated throws , the face is red and inflamed , because the blood is much heated by the continual endeavours of the woman to bring forth the child , as also because that during these strong throws , her respiration is ever intercepted , for which reason much blood hath recourse to the face , her privy parts are swelled , because the infants head often thrusts , and causes the neighbouring parts to distend outwards ; upon which account they appear swell'd in this manner ; she is often subject to vomiting , which makes many believe , who know not the cause of it , that the women are for this reason in danger : but it is generally the sign of a speedy delivery , because the good pains are then excited and redoubled every moment , until the business is finished . when the birth is very near , women are troubled with an universal trembling , and chiefly of the legs and thighs , with the heat of the whole body and humours , which then flow from the womb , and they are often discoloured with blood , which with the signs above mentioned is an infallible sign of the nearness of the birth . this the women usually call shows , and if one then puts up their finger into the neck of the womb , they will find the inner orifice dilated , at the opening whereof , the membranes of the infant containing the waters present themselves , and are strongly forc'd downwards with every pain the woman has , at which time one may perceive them to resist the finger , more or less as the pains are stronger or weaker . these membranes with the waters in them , when gathered ( that is , when they are advanced before the head of the child , which makes the midwives call it the gathering of the waters ) presenting themselves at this inward orifice , do then resemble very well to the touch of the finger , abortive eggs which have yet no shell , but are only covered with a simple membrane . after this the pains redoubling continually , the membranes are broken by the strong impulse of the waters , which incontinently flow away , and then the head of the child is easily felt naked , and presented at the opening of the inward orifice of the womb : now all these or the greatest part of them meeting together , at what time soever of a vvomans going with child it be , whether at the full time or no , one may be assured she will soon be delivered : but great care must be taken not to hasten her labour before the necessity of it be known by these signs ; for that would but torment the vvoman and child in vain , and put them both in danger of their lives : labour contrary to nature is when the child comes in an ill figure and situation , as when it presents any otherwise than the head first ; as also when the waters flow away a long time before it is born ; also when the after-burthen comes first . the labour is also grievous when accompanied with a fever , or any other considerable disease which may destroy the child in the womb ; also when pains are small and come slow with long intervals and little profit , upon which account the woman is extreamly tired ; but the wrong posture of the infant is most commonly the cause of difficult labour . as soon as it is known that the woman is certainly in labour by the signs above mentioned , then must all things necessary to comfort the woman in her labour be got ready , and the better to help her , care must be taken that she be not strait laced ; a pretty strong glister may be given her , or more than one , if there be occasion , which must be done at the beginning , before the child be too forwards , for afterwards it is very difficult for her to receive them ▪ in the mean while all things necessary for her labour should be put in order , as well for the woman as the child ; her midwifes stool , or rather a pallet-bed girted placed close by the fire , if the season require it ; the pallet ought to be so placed , as to be turned round about when there is occasion , the better to help the woman . if the woman be full of blood , it may be convenient to bleed her a little , for by this means her breasts being disingaged , and her respiration free , she will have more strength to bear down her pains , which may be done without danger , because the child being about that time ready to be born , hath no more need of the mothers blood for its nourishment , which has been often practised with good success . besides , this evacuation often hinders her having a fever after delivery , and to preserve her strength , it will be convenient to give her some good gelly broaths , new laid eggs , or some spoonfuls of burnt wine from time to time , or a toast dipt in wine , avoiding solid food . above all she must be perswaded to hold out her pains , bearing them down as much as she can , at the instant when they take her . the midwife must from time to time touch the inward orifice with her finger , to know whether the waters are ready to break , and whether the birth will follow soon after ; she must also anoint all the bearing place with emollient oyls , hogs grease or fresh butter , if she perceive it can hardly be dilated ; and all the while she must be near her woman to observe her gestures diligently , her complaints and pains ; for so she may guess pretty well how the labour advances , without being obliged to touch her body so often . the woman may by intervals rest her self on the bed to refresh her self , but not too long , especially if she be a little short thick woman , for they have always worst labours , if they lie much on their beds in their travail , especially of their first children , than when they are prevailed with to walk about the chamber ; ( but they must be supported under the arms , if it be necessary ) for by this means the weight of the child causes the inward orifice to dilate sooner than in bed. when the waters of the child are ready and gather'd , the midwife ought to let them break of themselves , for the breaking of them before the infant be wholly in the passage prolongs the labour ; for by the too hasty breaking of these waters , which ought to help the child to slide forth with greater ease , he remains dry , which hinders afterwards the pains and throws , so that they cannot be so effectual in excluding the child , as otherwise they would have been : it is therefore better to let them break of themselves , and then the midwife may easily find the child bare by the part which first presents , and so judge certainly whether it comes right , that is with the head , which she will find hard , big , round , and equal ; but if it be any other part , she will perceive something unequal and rugged , and hard or soft , more or less according to the parts ; immediately let her dispatch to deliver her woman , if she be not already , and assist the birth , which ordinarily happens soon after , if natural , in the following manner . after the waters be broke of themselves , as above-said , let the woman be presently placed on the pallate provided for her to this purpose , near the fire , or she may , if she like it better , be delivered in her ordinary bed ; for all women are not accustomed to be delivered in the same posture , some will be delivered on their knees , others standing , leaning with their elbows on a pillow , upon a table , or the side of a bed , and others lying upon a quilt in the midst of the chamber . but the best and surest way of delivery is in bed , to avoid the inconvenience and trouble of being carried thither afterwards , in which case it ought to be furnished rather with a quilt than a feather-bed , having upon it linnen and cloaths in many folds , with other necessaries to be changed upon occasion , that the woman may not be incommoded afterwards with the blood , waters , and other filth , which is voided in labour . the bed must be so made , that the woman being ready to be delivered , should lie on her back upon it , with her head and breast a little raised , so as that she be neither lying nor setting ; for in this manner she breaths best , and will have more strength to help her pains , than if she sunk down into her bed ; being in this posture she must spread her thighs abroad , folding her legs a little towards her buttocks , somewhat raised by a small pillow underneath , and her feet must be staid against some firm thing ; moreover let her hold some by-standers with her hands , that she may the better stay her self during her pains . being thus placed near the side of her bed , with her midwife by to help upon occasion , she must take courage , and further her pains the best she can , bearing them down , when they take her , which she may do by holding her breath , and forcing her self all she can , just as when she goes to stool . in the mean while the midwife must comfort her , and persuade her to endure her labour bravely , and put her in hopes of a speedy delivery . the midwife , with her hand anointed with oyl or fresh butter , may gently dilate the inward orifice of the womb , putting her fingers ends into its entry , and stretching them one from another , and thrusting by little and little the sides of the orifice towards the hinder part of the childs head , anointing these parts also with fresh butter . when the infants head begins to advance to the inward orifice , it is commonly said it is crown'd , and when it is come so far , that the extremity begins to appear manifestly without the privy parts , it is then said that the child is in the passage , and the woman in travail imagins , tho it is no such thing , that her midwife hurts her with her fingers , finding her self as it were scratched , and pricked with pins in those parts , by reason of the violent distension , which the bigness of the childs head causes there . when things are in this posture , the midwife must seat her self conveniently to receive the child , which will soon come , and with her fingers ends , her nails being close paired , endeavour to thrust , as above-said , this crowning of the womb , back off over the head of the child ; and as soon as it is advanced as far as the ears , or thereabouts , she may take hold of the two sides with her two hands , that when a good pain comes , she may quickly draw forth the child , taking care that the navel-string be not then intangled about the neck , or any other part , lest thereby the after-burthen be pulled with violence , and possibly the womb also , whereunto it is fastened , and so cause flooding , or else break the string , whereby the woman may come to be more difficultly delivered . it must also be observed , that the head be not drawn forth straight , but shaking it a little from one side to the other , that the shoulders may sooner and easier take place , immediately after it is past , which must be done without losing any time , lest the head being past , the child be stopt there by the largeness of the shoulders , and be in danger of being suffocated in the passage : but as soon as the head is born , if there be need , the midwife may slide in her finger under the arm-pits , and the rest of the body will follow without any difficulty . as soon as the midwife has in this manner drawn forth the child , she must put it on one side , lest the blood and waters , which follow immediately after should choak it ; afterwards let her be very careful to examin that there be no more children in the womb , which she may know , if putting her hand up the entry , she finds there another water gathering . if it be so , she must have a care not to go about to fetch the after-burthen , till the woman be delivered of all her children ; wherefore the first string must be cut , being first tied with a thred three or four double , and the other end must be fastened with a string to the womans thigh . as soon as the child is born , before the navel-string is tied or cut , the woman must be freed of the after-burthen . to perform this , the midwife having taken the string must wind it once or twice about one or two of her fingers of her left hand joined together , the better to hold it , wherewith she may then draw it moderately , and with the right hand , she may only take a single hold of it above the left near the privities , drawing likewise with that very gently , resting the fore-finger of the same hand extended , and stretched forth along the string towards the entry of the sheath , always observing to draw it from the side , where the burthen cleaves least . above all things care must be taken , that it be not drawn forth with too much violence , lest by breaking the string , you are obliged to put the whole hand into the womb to deliver the woman , or the womb be drawn down forth with it ; also by drawing it out with too much violence , a great flooding may thereby happen . to facilitate the expulsion , the woman may blow strongly into her hands shut , or she may put her finger into her throat , as if she would provoke vomiting , or she may strive as if she were going to stool , bearing always down , and holding her breath . when all these circumstances have been observed , if you meet with difficulty , you may , if need be , after that you know on which side the after-birth is situated , command an experienced nurse-keeper to press the belly lightly with the flat of her hand , directing it gently downwards by way of friction ; above all being careful not to do it too violently ; but if all this be in vain , then must the hand be directed into the vvomb to loosen and separate it . as soon as the vvoman is delivered of both child and burthen , it must then be considered whether there be all , and care had , that not the least part of it remain behind , not so much as the skirts or clods of blood , which ought all to be brought away with the first ; for otherwise , being retained , they cause great pains . when the woman has two children , you must not fetch the burthen , as was said before , till both the children are born , and then it may be done without danger , shaking and drawing it always gently sometimes by one string , sometimes by the other , and sometimes by both together , and so by turns till all is come . when the infant comes right and naturally , the woman is brought to bed , and delivered with little help , for which the meanest midwifes are capable , and oft-times for want of them , a simple nursekeeper may supply the place . but when it is a wrong labour there is a great mystery belongs to it ; for then the skill and prudence of a surgeon is for the most part requisite . immediately after the woman is delivered , and the burthen come away , care must be taken that the loosening of it be not followed with a flooding ; if it be not , a soft closure must be immediately applied to the womb , five or six times double , to prevent the cold air entring in and stopping the vessels , whereby the womb should cleanse by degrees when the vvomb is so closed : if the vvoman was not delivered upon her ordinary bed , let her presently be carried into it by some strong body or more if there be need , rather than to let her walk thither ; which bed must be ready warmed and prepared , as is requisite for the cleansings . but if she were delivered on it , which is best and safest to prevent the danger and trouble of carrying her to it , then all the soul linnen and other things put there for receiving the bloud , vvaters , and other filth , which comes away in labour , must be removed , and she must be placed conveniently in it for her ease and rest , which she much wants to recover her of the pains and labour she endured in travail , she must be placed with her head and body a little raised for to breath the freer , and to cleanse the better , especially of that blood which then comes away , that so it may not clod , which being retained causes very great pains . all this will happen if they have not liberty to come freely by this convenient situation , in which she must put down her legs and thighs close together having a small pillow for her greater ease , if she desire it under her hams , upon which they may rest a little . being so put to bed , let her lie neither on one side nor the other , but just on the middle of her back , that so the vvomb may repossess its natural and proper place . it is an ordinary custom to give the vvoman , as soon as she is delivered , two ounces of oyl of sweet almonds , and as much syrup of maiden-hair , which is good to sweeten and temper the inside of the throat , which was heated , and hoarse by her continual cryes , and holding her breath , to bear down her throws during her labour ; it is also good to prevent the grips ; but this potion goes so much against the stomachs of some vvomen , that being forced to take it with an aversion , it may do them more hurt than good ; therefore let none have it , but those that desire it and have no aversion for it : but good broath taken after she is a little setled may be more beneficial . having thus accommodated her , and provided for her belly , breasts , and lower parts , leave her to rest and sleep if she can , making no noise , the bed-curtains being close drawn , and the doors and vvindows of her chamber shut , that so seeing no light , she may the sooner fall asleep . as soon as the bed is cleansed from the foul linnen and other impurities of the labour , and the woman therein placed , let there be outwardly applied all over the bottom of her belly and privities , the following anodyne pultiss made of two ounces of sweet almonds with two or three new laid eggs yolks and whites , stirring them together in an earthen pipkin over hot embers till it comes to the consistence of a pultiss , which being spread upon cloath , must be applyed to those parts indifferently warm , having first taken away the closures which were put to her , presently after her delivery , and likewise such clods of blood as were there left . this is a very fit remedy to appease the pains which women commonly suffer in those parts , by reason of the violence then endured by the infants birth ; it must lie on five or six hours , and then be renewed a second time , if there be occasion . afterwards make a decoction of barly , linseed , and chervil , or with marsh-mallows and violet leaves , adding to a pint of it an ounce of honey of roses , wherewith , being luke-warm , foment three or four times a-day , for the first five or six days of child-bed , the bearing place , cleansing it very well from the clods of blood and other excrements which are there emptied . some persons only use for this purpose luke-warm milk , and many women only barly-water . great care must be taken at the beginning that no stopping thing be given to hinder the cleansings , but when ten or twelve days are past , and she has cleansed sufficiently , remedies may then be used to fortifie the parts , for which purpose a decoction is very proper made of province roses , leaves and roots of plantain and smiths water , and when she has sufficiently and fully done cleansing , which is usually after the eighteenth or twentieth day , there may be made for those that desire it , a very strong astringent lotion to fortifie and settle those parts which have been much relaxed , as well by the great extension they received , as by the humours , wherewith they have been so long time soak'd ; this remedy may be composed with an ounce and an half of pomgranat peel , an ounce of cypress nuts , half an ounce of accorns , an ounce of seal'd earth , an handful of provence roses , and two drachms of roch-allom , all which being infused in a quart and half a pint of strong red-wine , or that it may not be too sharp , some smiths water may be mixed with the wine , afterwards boil it to a quart , then strain it , squeezing it strongly ; and with this decoction foment the inferior parts night and morning to strengthen and confirm them . but they will never be reduced to the same state they were in , before the woman had children . a small plaister of galbanum , with a little civit in the middle may be also applyed to the womans navel . as for swaiths they need not be used the first day , or at least very loosly , especially if there has been hard labour , because the least compression of the womans belly , which is then very sore , as the womb also is , proves a great inconvenience to her ; wherefore let her not be swaithed until the second day , and that very gently at the beginning . the use of swaiths and of a good large square bolster over the whole belly may be continued the first seven or eight days to keep it a little steady ; but they must be taken off and removed often to anoint the womans belly all over , if it be sore , and if she has after-pains , with oils of sweet almonds and st. johns-wort mixed together , which may be done every day . but after that time they may be degrees begin to swaith her straiter , to contract and gather together the parts which are greatly extended , during her going with child , which may be then safely done , because the womb by these former cleansings is so diminished , that it cannot be too much compressed by the swaiths . proper remedies may be applied to the breasts to drive back the milk , if the woman will not be a nurse ; but if she intends to be a nurse , it will be sufficient to keep her breasts very close , and well covered with gentle and soft cloaths to keep them warm , and to prevent the curdling of the milk ; and if there be danger of too much milk being carried thither , anoint the breasts with oyl of roses and a little vinegar beat together , and put upon them some fine linnen dipt in it , observing that if the woman do suckle the child , she give not the breast the same day she is brought to bed , because then all her humours are extreamly moved with the pains and agitation of the labour ; therefore let her defer it at least till the next day ; and it would be yet better to stay four or five days or longer , to the end the fury of the milk , and the abundance of the humours , which flow to the breast at the beginning , may be spent , in which time another woman may give it suck . although a woman be naturally delivered , yet notwithstanding she must observe a good diet , to prevent many ill accidents which may happen to her during her child-bed , at the beginning whereof she must be directed in her meat and drink almost in the same manner as if she had a fever , that so it may be prevented , in as much as she is then very subject to it ; for this reason she must be regular in her diet , especially the three or four first days , in which time she must be nourished only with good broaths , new-laid eggs , and gellies , without using at the beginning more solid meats : but when the great abundance of her milk is a little past , she may with more safety eat a little broath at dinner , or a small piece of boyl'd chicken , or mutton ; afterwards , if no accident happens , she may be degrees be nourished more plentifully , provided that it be a third part less than she was accustomed to take in her perfect health , and that her food be of good and easie digestion ; as for her drink , let it be a ptisan made of liquorish , figs , and anniseeds , boyled in water : she may also , if she be not feverish , drink a little white wine well mixed with water , but not till after the fifth or sixth day . but it is to be noted that laborious women of a strong constitution require a more plentiful feeding ; yet notwithstanding , if they do not change the quality , they must at least retrench the quantity of their ordinary food . the child-bed woman must likewise keep her self very quiet in her bed lying on her back , with her head raised , and not turning often from side to side ; that so the womb may be the better settled in its first situation : she must free her self at that time from all care of business , let her talk as little as may be , and that with a low voice , and let no ill news be brought to her , which may affect her , because all these things do cause so great a commotion of the humours , that nature not being able to overcome them , cannot make the necessary evacuation of them , which has been the death of many . the woman ought always to keep her body open with glisters , taking one once in two days , which not only evacuate the gross excrements , but also by drawing downwards cause her to cleanse the better . when she has observed this rule a fortnight or three weeks , which is very near the time of having cleansed sufficiently , that those parts may be throughly cleansed before she goes abroad , and begin upon a new score , let her take a gentle purge of senna , cassia , and syrup of cichory , with rubarb , which is good to purge the stomach and bowels of those ill humours nature could not evacuate by the womb : this purge may be repeated upon occasion . women in their first labours have many times bruises and rents of the outward parts of the womb , and they must never be neglected , lest they degenerate into malignant ulcers ; for the heat and moisture of these parts , besides the filth which continually flows thence , easily contributes to it , if convenient remedies be not timely applied ; wherefore as soon as the woman is laid , if there be only simple contusions and excoriations , apply a pultiss made of yolks and whites of new-laid eggs and oil of roses seethed a little over warm embers , continually stirring till it be mixed , and then spread it upon a fine cloath , and apply it very warm for five or six hours , when being taken away , lay some fine rags dipt in oil of st. johns-wort on each side the bearing place , and renew them twice or thrice a day . foment these parts with barly-water and honey of roses to cleanse them from the excrements which pass , and when the vvoman makes water , let them be defended with fine rags to hinder the urine from causing pain and smarting . sometimes the bruises are so great , that the bearing-place is inflamed , and a very considerable abscess follows , in which case it must be opened just below the swelling in the most convenient place ; and after the matter is evacuated , a detersive decoction must be injected into the cavity , made of barly-water and oyl of roses , to which spirit of wine may be added , if there be any danger of corruption , and afterwards the ulcer must be dressed according to art. sometimes it happens that the perineum is so rent , that the privities and the fundament is all in one ; in this case , having cleansed the womb from such excrements as may be there with red-wine , let the rent be strongly stitched together with three or four stiches , or more , according to the length of the separation , taking at each stich good hold of the flesh , that so it may not break out , and then dress it with linimentum arcaei , or the like ; claping a plaister on , and some linnen above to prevent , as much as may be , the falling of the urine , and other excrements upon it , because the acrimony of them would make it smart , and cause pain ; and that these parts may close together with more ease , let the woman keep her thighs close together , without the least spreading until the cure be perfected : but if afterwards she happens to be with child , she will be obliged to prevent the like mischief to anoint those parts with emollient oyls , and oyntments , and when she is in labour , she must forbear helping her . throws too strongly at once , but leave nature to perform it by degrees , together with the help of a midwife well instructed in her art ; for usually when these parts have been once rent , it is very difficult to prevent the like in the following travail , because the scar there made does straighten the parts yet more ; wherefore it were to be wished for greater security against the like accidents , that the woman should have no more children . chap. xxii . of hard labour . many causes may be assigned that occasion hard labour , as the natural weakness of the mothers body , or her age , she being too young or too old ; or it may be occasioned by diseases that she had with her big belly , leanness or too much dryness of the body , or fat compressing the passages of the womb , the ill conformation of the bones encompassing the womb , as in those that are lame , may also occasion it ; wind swelling the bowels , a stone or preternatural tumour in the bladder that presses the womb may be the occasion ; so may the ill constitution of the lungs , or of the parts serving respiration , for the holding of the breath conduceth much to the exclusion of the child . various diseases of the vvomb may also render the delivery difficult , as swellings , ulcers , obstructions , and the like . the hard labour is occasioned by the child , when by reason it is dead , or putrified , or any way diseased it cannot confer any thing to its own exclusion ; also when the body or head is too large , or when there are more than one ; so twins most commonly cause hard labour , or the ill situation of the child is the cause , or when the hands or the feet offer first , or when one hand or one foot comes out first , or when it is doubled , or when the membranes break too soon , so that the vvater flows out and leaves the orifice of the vvomb dry at the time of exclusion , or when the membranes are too thick , so that they cannot be easily broken by the child . cold and dry air and a north-wind are very injurious to vvomen in labour , because they bind the body and drive the blood and spirits to the inner parts , and they are very injurious to the child coming from so warm a place . and hot weather dissipates the spirits , and weakens the child . crude nourishment and such as is difficultly concocted and binds taken in a great quantity before labours renders it difficult , the stomach being weakned , and the common passages contracted , which ought to be open in this case . drowsiness hinders the action of the mother . the unseasonable motion of the vvoman much retards the delivery , as when she refuses upon occasion to stand , walk , lie , or sit , or slings her self about unadvisedly so that the child cannot be born the right way , being turned preposterously by the restlesness of the mother . urine in the bladder , or excrements in the right gut , or the piles when they are much swell'd hinder natures endeavours , by narrowing the neck of the vvomb . fear , sorrow , anger make the labour difficult . a blow , a fall , or a wound , may also much obstruct the labour . want of good assistance to lift the woman up just at the time of delivery , and an ignorant midwife who orders the woman to endeavour an expulsion , and to stop her breath when the ligaments of the fetus stick firmly to the womb , so that the woman is tired before the time of her delivery . in hard labour women commonly give a spoonful or two of cinamon-water , or cinnamon powder'd with a little saffron , or half a dram of confection of alkermes in broth , or half a scruple of saffron alone in some broth , or every hour a lit-vvine . if these things are not sufficient the following may be used which have been frequently found very effectual . take of dittany of creet , and both the birthworts , and of troaches of mirrh each half a scruple , of saffron and cinnamon each twelve grains , of confection of alkermes half a dram , of cinnamon-water half an ounce , of orange-flower-water , and of mugwort-water each one ounce , make a potion . oyl of amber and of cinnamon , and extract of saffron are very effectual in a small quantity , namely five grains of extract of saffron , four or five drops of oyl of cinnamon , twelve or fifteen drops of oyl of amber in wine , broth or some other liquor ; and let the woman take sneesing powder for it hastens delivery . the midwife must frequently anoint the womb with the oyls of lilies or of sweet almonds , and the belly must be fomented with a decoction of the roots of marshmallows and lilies , of the leaves of mallows , violets , mugwort , of the seeds of fenugreek and flax , of the flowers of camomile and melilote . sharp glisters must be also injected to stimulate the womb , and to carry off the excrements . anoint the navel with oyl of amber . if the child begins to come forth preposterously , as with one arm or foot , the midwife must thrust them back , and turn the child right , which may be done by placing the woman on her back upon a bed with her head low and feet high . chap. xxiii . of a dead child . when the child is dead the motion of it ceases , which either the woman felt before in the womb , or the midwife with her hand ; a sense of weight with pain afflicts the belly , and the child falls like a stone from side to side ; the belly feels cold , the eyes are hollow , the face and lips pale , the extream parts cold and livid , the breasts flaccid , and at length the child putrifying , stinking matter flows from the womb , and an ill and strong smell exhales from the womans body , and her breath stinks . if the secundine be excluded first , it is a certain sign that the child is dead . the whole cure consists in the exclusion or extraction of the child . take of the leaves of savine dryed , of the roots of round birthwort , of the troches of myrrh and of castor each one dram , of cinnamon half a dram , of saffron one scruple , mingle them make a powder , whereof let her take one dram in savine water . foment the pubes , privities , and perineum , with an emollient decoction made of the leaves of mallows , and marsh-mallows , and the like and let a pessary be put up the privities . take of the roots of round birthwort , orris , black hellebore , of coloquintida and myrrh each one dram , of galbanum and opopanax each half a dram , with ox gall , make a pessary . if after having tried medicines a long while , the child cannot be ejected , it must be extracted by a surgeon , either with instruments , or with the hand alone . chap. xxiv . of the caesarian delivery . the caesarian delivery is a dextrous extraction of a living or dead child from the mothers womb , which cannot be other ways excluded , and that without endangering the life of both , or of either , and without spoiling the faculty of conceiving ; and by this art the first scipio africanus of the romans was cut out of his mothers womb , and therefore was called caesar . this caesarian section is thought to be necessary , when the mother and the child are so weak , that they cannot be preserved any other way . the use of it is twofold , one , that a living child may be extracted ; the other , that the mother may be preserved alive ; and tho' it is very hazardous , yet in a desperate case it is better to do something than nothing ; especially when a confederacy is like to be broken by the death of a wife ; or when a family is like to be extinguished ; or some kingdom or principality is like to be lost . in this manner we find in the annals of spain , the king of navar was preserved ; for his mother being wounded in the belly by the saracens , as she was hunting , a noble man coming to her help , saw the child put its hand out of the wound , and drew it forth , and educated it privately ; and afterwards , when the nobility was contending about the election of a prince , he brought out the young king , and so the controversie ended . the causes which require this operation are , a too great child , or twins , or more that endeavour to be born together ; or if a fleshy mole join to the child , the ill posture of it , and if it cannot be reduced to a better , either by its own help , or the help of others ; or because it is dead , or so much swell'd by a disease , that the naturall passage is too narrow : but in this case , it is best to take it away peece-meal . the causes on the mothers part are the narrowness of the passages , either naturally , by reason she is too young , or too old ; or because the vvomb is shut , either by a cicatrix or a callous . moreover many tumours in the womb , or the mouth of it may be the cause : in these cases , tho it be very dangerous , yet it is very necessary to use section , and the operation may be happily performed , as may appear by several experiments to him that reads rousel . but before you enter upon this operation , you must consider , whether the child can be extracted any other way that is safer and easier . you must moreover consider whether there are signs of death , and if so , you must not enter upon the operation , lest the womans death be laid upon the section , and your rashness : but when you have througly weighed all things , if the woman be of a strong nature , tho by reason of the labour she is weak , you may venture upon the operation . most authors would have it made on the left side of the belly , because it is more free from the liver ; but i , says mauriceau , think it will be better and more skilfully made just in the middle of the belly between the two right muscles : because in this place there is only the coverings , and the white line to cut . to dispatch then with more ease and speed , the chyrugeon having placed the woman so , that the belly may be a little raised ; let him take a good sharp incision knife , very sharp on one side , with which he must quickly make an incision , just in the middle of the belly between the two right muscles unto the peritoneum , of the length and extent of the womb , or thereabouts ; after that he must only peirce the peritoneum with the point of his knife , to make an orifice for one or two of the fingers of his left hand , into which he must immediately thrust them to cut it , lifting it up with them , and conducting the instrument for fear of pricking the guts , in proportion to the first incision of the coverings , which having done , the womb will soon appear , into which he must make an incision in the same manner , as he did in the peritoneum , being careful not to thrust his instrument at once too far in ; having then so opened the vvomb , he must likewise make an incision in the infants membranes ; taking care not to wound it with the instrument , and then he will soon see it , and must immediatly take it out of the burthen , which he must nimbly separate from the bottom of the vvomb , and finding it to be yet living , let him praise god for having so blessed and prospered his operation . but the children so delivered are usually so weak , if not quite dead , as it often happens , that it is hard to know , whether it is alive or dead ; yet one may be confident the child is living , if by touching the navel-string , the umbilical arteries are perceived to move , as also the heart , by laying the hand on the breast , and if it prove so , means must be used to fetch it to it self , by spouting some vvine into the nose and mouth , and by warming it , until it begins to stir of it self . but it is to be noted , that mauriceau much disapproves this cruel operation , and says it ought not to be performed until the vvoman is dead , for that the vvoman always dies in the operation , or presently after . chap. xxv . of the secundine retained . in a natural birth the secundine is usually excluded presently after the child ; and when it is not , the life of the woman is much indangered . it is retained by the too great thickness of the coats , the swelling of them , and by an afflux of humours occasion'd by hard labour ; also by the strutting of the mouth of the womb after the exclusion of the child . the external causes are , coldness of the air , whereby the secundine is repelled , and the orifice of the womb shut . certain perfumes , whereby the womb is allured upwards , violent passions of the mind , as fear , and sudden frights , the perverseness of the woman , who will not abide in such a posture , or use such endeavours as are requisite , the weight of the child , whereby the navel is broken , the after-birth remaining within , the unskilfulness of the midwife who cuts the vessels of the navel too soon , or does not hold them in her left hand as she ought , for if she let them go , they are drawn back into the womb , and are hid there with the secundine . it is easie to know when the secundine is retained in the vvomb , but sometimes a piece of it is separated and remains in the womb , which is not so easily perceived , yet it may be known , because the womb after delivery endeavours to eject something ; but tho its endeavours are but small , a sense of heat and pain is perceived in the womb , and after a few days a cadaverous smell exhales from the womb. the retention of the secundine is very dangerous , and if it continues some days , an acute fever , nauseousness , faintings , difficulty of breathing , coldness of the extream parts , convulsive fits , and at length death follows . the secundine retained , is expelled by the same remedies , which are proposed for a dead child , to which may be added some specificks deliver'd by authors . rulandus says , he has given with success thirty drops of oyl of juniper . some order the woman to bite an onion three or four times and to swallow the juice , and presently after to drink a small draught of wine . the juice of green lovage drank in rhenish-wine is also commended . sneesing is also good ; but the best way is to have it drawn out by a skilful chyrurgeon , before the inflammation is increased . if the secundine cannot be ejected by any means , but sticks firmly to the womb , and putrifies there , suppuraratives must be injected ; to this purpose basilicon may be dissolved in the following decoction . take of the leaves of mallows with the roots three handfuls , of the roots of both the birthworts each six drams , of flax seeds and fenugreek seeds each half an ounce , of violets one handful , of the flowers of camomile , and the lesser centory each half an handful , make a decoction in water mingled with oyl , if you would have it suppurate much , but to cleanse add a little vngentum aegyptiacum . chap. xxvi . of the flooding of a woman new laid . flooding is a more dangerous accident than any other which may happen to a woman newly laid , and which dispatches her so soon , if it be in a great quantity , that there is not often time to prevent it ; wherefore in this case convenient remedies must be speedily applied to stop it ; to which purpose it is fit to consider what causes the flooding , and if it be a false conception , a piece of the burthen or clodded blood remaining behind , all diligence must be used to fetch them away , or to cause a speedy expulsion of them . but if when nothing remains behind in the womb , the blood notwithstanding continues to flow , you must blood in the arm to make diversion , and let her body be laid flat , and not raised , that so the blood may not be sent down to the lower parts . let her keep her self very quiet , and not turn from side to side ; the upper part of her belly must not be swathed or bolstered , and her chamber must be kept a little cool , and the coverings of the bed must not be many , that so the flooding may not be promoted by the heat . but if notwithstanding all this the blood flows continually , the last remedies must be tryed , which is to lay the woman upon fresh straw , with a single cloath on it , and no quilt , that so her reins may not be heated , applying along her loins cloaths wet in cold vinegar and water , unless it be winter , and then it must be a little warmed ; and to the end her strength may be preserved , which is extreamly wasted , let her take every half hour a little good strong broath with a few spoonfuls of gelly , and between whiles the yolk of a new laid egg ; but too much food must not be given at a time , because her stomach cannot digest it . her drink must be red wine with a little water wherein iron has been quenched ; and if there is the least appearance of excrements contained in the guts , make no scruple to give a glister to evacuate them . but if notwithstanding the blood continues flooding , then the woman will often have fainting fits , and be in great danger of losing her life , because we cannot apply in those places the remedies fit to stop the opening of the vessels as we can in another . chap. xxvii . of a suppression of the child-bed purgations , and after-pains . the suppression of the lochia is one of the worst symptoms that can befall a woman in child-bed , especially if they happen to be totally and suddenly stopt the first three or four days , which is the time they should come down plentifully . to bring the lochia well down , let the woman avoid passion , and all disturbances of the mind , which may stop them ; let her lie in bed with her head and breast a little raised , keeping her self quiet , that so the humours may be carried downwards by their natural tendency . let her observe a good diet , somewhat hot and moist , and apply an hysteric plaster to her navel . take of the conserves of roman wormwood and rue each one ounce , of the troches of myrrh two drams , of castor , english saffron , volatile salt of armoniac , and of assa fetida , each half a dram , with a sufficient quantity of the syrup of the five opening roots , make an electuary . let her take the quantity of a large nutmeg every third hour , drinking upon it three or four spoonfuls of the following mixture . take of the water of penny royal and balm each three ounces , of compound briony water two ounces , of syrup of mugwort three ounces and an half , of saffron two drams , of castor tied up in a rag and hanged in a glass one scruple , mingle them . if these things are used presently upon the suppression , they generally take it off ▪ but if they have been used so long that all the quantity is taken , and the lochia are still stopt , in this case we may use laudanum for once , but it is best to mix it with hesterick things : for instance , take sixteen drops of liquid laudanum in a spoonful of compound briony , or water . but it must be carfully noted , that if after having once taken it , the business is not done , opium must not be repeated again , but having waited a while , to see what it will do , we must return again to emmenagoges mixt with hystericks , and afterwards we must inject a glister ; but what was said before of opium , is to be taken notice of in respect of glisters , for unless the first bring down the lochia , nothing is to be hoped for from more . these things therefore being done , it is safest and the duty of a prudent physician to wait and see what time will do , for if the woman live over the twentieth day , she will be in a manner out of danger , and then she will be able to bear such a method as is proper and effectual enough to force the lochia . if the after-pains are more than usual , you must swath the womans belly gently , that it may subside , and not move hither and thither , as it often happens after delivery , upon so sudden an evacuation , and then give three ounces of oyl of almonds fresh drawn , mixt with one ounce and an half of syrup of violets . and glisters may be injected made of milk and sugar , and yolks of eggs , and the belly must be anointed with the oyl of dill , or of rue , or of jasmine . a fomentation may be also made of a decoction of mugwort , feverfew , baulm , of the leaves of bays , and calaminth , of the seeds of daucus , cummin , and carraways , of the flowers of camomile and wall-flower , made in water and white-wine , or in milk. it is also proper to cover the belly with a sheeps-skin , fresh flead off , and appli'd hot . the following powder taken presently after delivery preserves the woman from pain in a wonderful manner ; and some think if the woman takes it in her first lying in , she will never be troubled with these pains . take of comfry dryed one dram , of the kirnels of peach stones , and of nutmegs , each two scruples , of amber half a dram , of ambergrise half a scruple , make a powder , whereof let her take a dram with white-wine , and if there be a fever with broth. if the woman after delivery be troubled with a pain in the groin , it may be taken off by applying a plaster of galbanum and assafetida to the navel , in the middle whereof some grains of musk must be placed . chap. xxviii . of acute diseases of women in child-bed . a putrid fever seises child-bed women at various seasons , and upon several occasions , sometimes presently after delivery , especially if it has been difficult and hard , sometimes on the first , sometimes on the second , third , or fourth day , but the later it begins , the better it goes off . it begins and proceeds most commonly in the following manner , after a previous indisposition , the fever begins most commonly with a shaking and shivering , which heat presently follows , and after that sweat , the first or second day fits of heat and cold succeed one another , and then all the blood being inflamed , the lochia if they were not suppressed before , flow but little , or quite stop ; if the disease be acute , and of quick motion , it comes to its height the third or fourth day ; the heat is violent , and the thirst very much , the pulse vehement and quick , watchings obstinate , there is a great restlessness , that the sick tumble from one side of the bed to the other continually ; the urin is thick and red , and there are many other grievous symptoms ; when the fever is in its state , no crisis is to be expected , for i never saw this disease go off by a critical sweat. the acute diseases of women in child-bed are sometimes accompanied with a quinsie , plurisie , peripneumonia , bloody-flux , small-pox , and the like ; of these a quinsie , plurisie , and peripneumonia , by reason of the great smilitude of the cause , and analogy of the cure , may be considered together ; presently at their first beginning we must endeavour that the blood fixed any where , and beginning to be extravasated be restor'd to circulation , lest an imposthume should be occasioned ; wherefore internal remedies which free the blood from coagulation must be used , of which sort are diaphoreticks abounding with volatile salt , as spirit of harts-horn , of soot , and urine , also testaceous and bezoartick powders , lapis prunella , decoctions and a julep made of vegetables that force urine and the courses , with all which must be mixt such things as have been found by experience to be proper for uterine diseases . moreover discutient medicines , which disperse the matter impacted , such are liniments , fomentations , and cataplasms , must be carefully applyed to the parts affected ; in the mean while the violent motion and immoderate effervescence must be driven far from thence , and the filth must be driven as much as is possible downwards ; to this end frictions , ligatures , epispasticks , and if there be occasion , cupping glasses , must be applied about the legs and feet . if the disease be very violent bleeding is indicated , and unless there be a plethora in the whole body , and the inflammation be very acute in the part affected , it were be best to open a vein in the foot , or to apply leeches to the hemorrhoidal veins ; but if necessity urge , we may bleed in the arm , and afterwards , if it can be admitted , in the foot ; but you must take notice , that bleeding must be cautiously used in these cases , for unless it does good , which i have seldom found , the sick is in a worse condition , being render'd weaker thereby . the bloody-flux is very often deadly , and so much the rather , because such things as qualifie the blood , and that moderately bind , are indicated ; but the flux of the lochia forbids them , wherefore in this case till she has been well purged by a long flux of the lochia , the fierceness of the symptoms must at present be only appeased . the indications in the small-pox are not only contrary to those above described , but also to one another ; for the flux of the lochia must be moderately restrain'd ; but in the mean while the efflorescence of the blood , and gentle sweating must be continued , wherefore such things as are of an alexipharmic and astringent nature must be boyl'd in their broths , as the roots of tormentil and bistort ; and in this case the woman must not eat flesh , or the broths of it , nor must she rise , but be kept as quiet as is possible , and the whole business must be left in a manner to god and nature ▪ all women in child-bed have an inbred venom , and they ought to be careful of it , and to avoid it as much as the greatest malignity ; wherefore they ought to use an exact course of diet , whereby the impurities of the blood and humours may be purged in child-bed without the danger of a fever , and that the disorders of the womb may be healed , and their strength weakned by delivery may be restored , to which end three things are to be minded , first an exact course of diet must be ordered , viz. that they be fed for a week at least with water-gruel , sometimes made with beer , sometimes made with water mixt with white-wine , or with panada , and other things of easie digestion : secondly , they must take great care that they do not catch cold , whereby the pores and the lochia may be stopt ; wherefore let them continue in bed at least till the tenth day : thirdly , the lochia must be gently provoked ; to this end midwives when after hard labour , there is danger of the stoppage of the lochia , give sperma ceti , irish slates powdered , or white-wine tinctured with saffron , and they make the gruel with water and white-wine , wherein as also in posset-drink they boyl marygold flowers , the leaves of penny-royal , or mugwort . chap. xxix . of the melancholy , madness , delirium , and epilepsie of women in child-bed . these diseases happen in child-bed , for want of a sufficient evacuation , by reason of the fault of the blood , the suppression of it , or too great an evacuation ; or by fevers , an ill vapour rushing upon the brain , whereof lusitanus mentions an observation of a very beautiful lady , that presently after delivery fell melancholy , and was mad for a month , but by the use of a few medicines recovered her senses ; and i , says rodericus a castro , have often cured a dutch merchants wife who was frequently distracted after delivery . these diseases are thus distinguished , melancholy is a delirium without a fever , occasioned by a melancholy humour possessing the seat of the mind . madness is more outragious , and a hot intemperies is the occasion of it ; whereas melancholy proceeds from a cold intemperies : an epilepsie is a convulsion of all the parts of the body , not perpetual , but by intervals , with a depravation of sense and jugdment . lastly , a delirium is an alienation of the mind , and proceeds most commonly from a bilious fever , and therefore is not a disease , but a symptom . these are the general indications ; if these diseases proceed from an immoderat flux , it must be stopt , the strength must be kept up , and the cold and dry intemperies must be corrected . if they proceed from a suppression of the child-bed purgations , they must be forced ; if they are occasioned by a fault in the blood , they must be treated as the melancholy of virgins and widows . the most grievous symptom of these diseases are obstinate watching ; in this case apply often to the temples the following oxyrrhodine . take of the waters of roses and plantain , each four ounces , of oyl of roses , three ounces , of vinegar of roses one ounce , the powder of red sanders , one drachm , mingle them , apply it in a rag , or populeon oyntment mixed with oyntment of roses , three grains of opium , and one scruple of saffron ; or a live pigeon cut in two may be applied hot to the head. and if these things do not do , one dram of philonium may be given in lettice water and a little wine at bed-time . note that in an epilepsie the oxyrrhodine above mentioned is not so proper , because it cools the head too much , and in melancholy such things must be added to it as moisten more . chap. xxx . of driving away the milk , of tumors from milk , of want of milk , and of chaps of the nipples . if the milk flow too freely into the breasts , a thin and spare diet must be ordered , and the breasts must be often sucked to prevent the inflammation of them , and the immoderate effervescence of the blood ; and if it be not thought convenient that the woman should give suck ▪ it is customary on the first or third day of lying in , to apply over the breasts moderately astringent cerecloths , or the populean oyntment , and galens cooling cerate equally mixt , and spread on linnen ; some use linnen dipt in luke-warm verjuice , wherein a little allom has bin dissolved , that so it may be more astringent ; but great care must be taken in the application and change of these things , that the woman catch not the least cold , as also that no inflammation or impostume be caused , instead of driving back the milk : wherefore things are to be applyed according to the variety of the case . but the best way to drive away the milk is the causing an ample evacuation of the lochia , which is much further'd by keeping the belly open with glisters . milk is the occasion of many tumours of divers kinds : the differences may be thus enumerated ; if the ferment of the breast be over active , it separates the milk with too great violence , causing thereby an over fermentation in the part , which usually produces a tumor called a phlegmon , if the serum be hot , or partakes much of blood ; otherwise it raises a tumor called an oedema ; or if the matter be disposed to coagulate , the kings evil : and these are the most frequent species of tumors generally reputed to arise from milk , and either of them may degenerate into a scirrhus , and that scirrhus into a cancer . the signs are visible ; if the first happen , there are all the symptoms of a phlegmon , heat , redness , tension , pulsation , and the like ; if the second , large distension with pain , but no heat ; if the kings evil , then hard kernels are easily felt . swellings made by the over eagerness of the milky ferment go easily off , if no other symptom attend them . sucking and drawing the breast for the most part discharges the milk , as fast as it can be generated , and then all goes off well . but if the fermentation produce any disorder in the blood , there is more or less danger according to the quality of the tumor produced , viz. a phlegmon is apt to occasion a fever , oedematous tumors are apt to grow ulcers , and sometimes scrophulous , and scirrhous , and require a long time for their cure. because it frequently happens to women in child-bed , that their breasts do swell extraordinarly by reason of abundance of milk , which flows into them , and occasions inflammations , impostumations , and the like ; therefore their diet ought to be slender , and of such a quality as may less dispose the humours to ferment , as water-gruel , panado , and the like . but if the inflammation be not violent , or the patient weak , chicken broath may be allowed with wood-sorrel , purslain , lettice boiled in it , or a boiled chicken , a potched egg , and such sort of meats of easie digestion . the medicines proper to diminish the milk , are lettice , purslain , endive , succory , smallage , and the like , the seeds of wild rue , cummin , basil powdered and given to the quantity of one dram daily in broath , will dry up the milk , as authors write . the milk is usually drawn out of the breasts by the infants sucking them : but if the child be so weak , it cannot suck , or does not discharge them enough , some body else must do it , or young whelps may suck them , or the mother may draw her own breasts her self by an instrument sold for that purpose . the swelling made by the milk is restrained by the application of night-shade , lettice , plantain , vine-tops , bramble-buds , horse-tail , and the like , or with the oyl of myrtles and vinegar . it may be discussed by the application of mints , catmints , rue , the seeds of fenugreek , cummin , fennel , and the like , or dried up by applying cloaths dipt in lime water , or a solution of sacharum saturni in the water of frogs spawn ; during which time fine tow may be sprinkled with ceruss , and applied to the arm-pits : but these things must be only used at the beginning of the fluxion . but if the inflammation be gon too far towards suppuration , then it must be promoted with suppuratives , and opened by incision or a caustick . where the swelling has been hard , and not inflamed , use the following cerat . take of the tops of wormwood powdered two drams , of the seeds of fenugreek and fennel , each one ounce and an half , of the juice of henbane and hemlock , each three ounces , of oyntment of marsh-mallows two ounces , of ducks fat , and goose grease , each one ounce , of deers suet two ounces , of liquid storax half an ounce , with a sufficient quantity of wax , make a cerat . hemlock boyled in wine , and beaten up with hogs lard resolves the hardness of the breasts . green mints , or chickweed are common applications , and of good use , either alone or mixed with other medicines , in all the hard swellings of the breast occasioned by milk. all plasters applied to the breasts must have a hole sniped in them for the nipples , lest they be fretted by them , especially that the milk may be drawn forth whilst the medicines lye on . but it is best to prevent such swellings at the beginning by procuring an ample and large evacuation of the lochia . for the chaps and excoriations of the niples , rags dipt in plantain-water may be applied , or the oyntment called diapompholigos may be used : but great care must be taken that nothing be applied to disgust the child ; wherefore some only use honey of roses : but if the excoriation and pain be much , the woman must forbear giving the child suck . if the child has wholly sucked off the nipples , the milk then must be quite dried away , that so the ulcers which remain may be the sooner healed . chap. xxxi . of want of milk. the cause of want of milk is a vice of the blood , the weakness of the body , or of the child , the smallness of the breasts , the narrowness of the vessels , any immoderate evacuation by another part , as by the mouth , by the courses , by the nostrils , or by the hemorrhoids , by immoderate cold , ill diet , fasting , great labour , or sorrow . the whole cure in a manner consists in diet. if therefore it be occasioned for want of blood , or by a dry intemperies , from whence it chiefly proceeds , it must be cured by a hot and moist diet , and the air must be moist and moderately warm . sleep is better than immoderate watching . the bread must be wheaten and well fermented . goats or sheeps milk boil'd with yolks of eggs , and sweetned is good ; so is rice boild with milk and honey , potched eggs , chicken broath , mutton or veal broath , or broath of phesants , or the flesh of them with a sauce made of rocket and honey ; the udders of animals are also good . of fishes , a trout , mullet , a salmon , soles , place , pikes , and the like are good ; and for the second course , sweet almonds , raisins of the sun , pistaches , pine nuts , rocket , parsnips roasted under the embers , or prepared with honey . diascorides and avicenna commend fennel and smalage ; lettice is also good , so are cabbage , wild thime , leeks , rocket , fennel . let her drink be sweet wine , or white-wine , or barley water with the seeds of fennel , or ale ; wherein if you boyl butter , sugar , and bread , you 'll scarce find a better diet for this purpose . the german women use this for their meat and drink almost all the time they give suck . all things that are acid , acrid , bitter and very hot must be avoided . but if this defect proceed from heat or choler , you must use cooling things , and the body must be purged according to the nature of the humour : but if the blood be flegmatick , and the vessels obstructed , you must open the obstructions and attenuate the blood ; therefore you must give hot things , as smallage , dill , penny-royal with wine : but you must be careful not to give things that are too hot ; for they dry up the milk. and as those things which moderately provoke the courses breed milk , so those that violently force them lessen it . blood is never to be drawn , nor are strong purges to be used : but if it be necessary to use purging by reason of the fault of the humours , the nurse must take four days before such things as increase the milk , and such medicines must be given as increase the milk. as take of thee seeds of fennel , of leeks , and rocket , each two drams , of mace one dram , of the leaves of mallows half a handful , boyl them in chicken broath , and let her take six ounces of the broath , and wash ▪ the breasts with the broath . but if the want of milk proceeds from the smallness of the breasts , foment them with a decoction of fenugreek , and camomile made in wine , or with hot beer and butter . but if these things do not good , you must chuse another nurse ; but you must try all things first , for change of milk is very injurious to the child . chap. xxxii . of a woman suckling her own children , and of chusing a nurse . the mothers milk is fittest for the child , because it is most agreeable to it nature : besides the mother will be more vigilant and careful than a hired nurse ; for none can love , the child so well as the own mother , who upon the account of her affection is unwearied in the attending of the child , and thinks she never does enough for it , and is presently awaked by its crying ; whereas mercenary nurses often overlay children and suffocate them . moreover the body , and the disposition of the mind are more framed by the milk and nourishment , than by the nature of the seed ; and as you often observe that the child is purged when the nurse is purged ; so the body and humours are in a manner the same with hers , as trees partake of the nature of the soil they are planted in . besides , it is the duty of a mother to nurse her own child ; for those that do not are but half mothers , and to be sure cannot love them so well as those that do . upon this account a roman youth of the family of the gracchi , returning rich and victorious from the wars , being met by his mother and his nurse , gave his mother a silver ring , and his nurse a gold chain ; whereat his mother being offended ; you , said he , nourished me only nine months in the womb , and then rejected me , this woman received me into her arms , and suckled me two years , and taught me to be orderly . the water nourishes what is bred in the water , and the earth nourishes what is bred in the earth : nor is there any beast so cruel , as not to nourish its young ones . tygers , lions , and vipers take care of their young ones , and only man makes foundlings of his : oh! incredible and execrable villany , what can be more cruel , than to expose a tender infant that implores his mothers help , as soon as possibly she can get rid of it ? but god in his providence often punishes their inhumanity ; for their milk often curdles in their breast , and occasions dreadful pains , so that those breasts , which were denied their children are forced to be suckt by puppies ; nor is this all , for their breasts are often inflamed and suppurated , and must be cut with knives , or burnt with red hot irons , or becoming cancerous , the rotten flesh drops from them piece-meal . but some will object in their excuse , that they are either too young or too weak , yet without doubt if they are able to conceive , they may suckle too ; for god never gave them breasts full of milk to no purpose . but if they have not milk enough , which is the only real excuse , a nurse must be chosen , who ought to be of an age betwixt twenty and thirty ; she ought to be of a strong constitution , well coloured , not too fat , nor too lean ; she must not have rotten teeth , nor a stinking breath , nor be affected with scabs , ulcers , the french-pox , gout , consumption , or any other disease . thirdly , her manners are to be considered ; for the child sucks them in with the milk ; whereof the nurse ought to be good tempered ; she must not be subject to violent passions , nor wholly without passion , nor of a weak judgment ; she must not be squint eyed , lest the child should be so ; she must be chast , and not have conversation with her husband , lest her courses should flow , or the blood be disturbed , and consequently the milk ; or be with child , whereby the milk would be lessened , and become vitious : but some think that the courses flowing moderately does not vitiate the milk , but rather cleanses the rest of the blood. fourthly , we must consider the time from delivery ; for she must not give suck too near delivery , nor too long from the time of it . she must not give suck until she be free of the child-bed purgations ; the time most approved of , is from the second month to the sixth , and she should have nursed a child before . fifthly , the breasts are to be considered , which ought to be moderately full , not loose and hanging down ; but solid and firm , of a moderate bigness and hardness , and the veins of them should look blew , and dispersed into many streams , moderately elevated , that they may contain the more milk ; for if they are dense , and the milk is bound up in them , and as it were suffocated , the child can scarce draw it , and so either takes a distaste , or if it suck on , the nose is flattened by the pressure . sixthly , the paps must not be so short as that the child cannot take hold of them with his lips , nor so long and thick , as to fill the infants mouth , so that it cannot readily use its tongue to suck or swallow . seventhly , the nature of the milk must be considered , which , besides the clearness and sweetness of it , which are the first requisits , must be also sweet-sented , not too thick nor too thin , which may be tried by dipping a hair in the milk , hanging it up , if the milk slide off , it is naught , but if it compass the whole hair it is good . eightly , chuse a nurse which was last delivered of a male child . ninethly , such an one as is not wont to miscarry . tenthly , she must not be with child . the nurse so described on the first days she begins to suckle must use a simple diet , lest too much milk should overwhelm the tender infant . afterwards let her have good meats : she must not drink excessively , she must abstain from wine , and from salt , sharp , and a stringent meats , and leeks , onions , garlick , rocket and spices . she must avoid all perturbations of mind , and copulation ; let her moderately exercise her arms and upper parts . lastly , her diet must be such , as the nature and constitution of the infant requires ; if the child be of a hot constitution , she must use a cooling diet ; but if the infant be of a cold constitution , a little wine and spices must be allowed , and stronger exercise , and if the nurse be not well , she must be purged , and diet must be ordered according to the faults of the milk , and the disorders of the child . the nurse must be always chearful , and laughing , and singing with the child . she must keep it clean . she must speak distinctly . she must assist the child in sucking by pressing gently her breasts ; but she must not let the child suck too much at once . chap. xxxiii . of wrinkles in the belly and breasts after delivery . when the child in the womb grows big , it stretches the belly , or maks it chap , so that after delivery wrinkles remain in the belly , and her breasts grow small after the milk goes away for the same reason . the chaps may be prevented , if after the fourth month of being with child , a linnen cloath dipt in the oyl of sweet almonds be applied to the belly . the wrinkles left after delivery may be taken off by two sorts of remedies . first therefore , if the womans month be not out , apply to the belly the following oyntment . take of sperma ceti two drams , of oyl of sweet almonds , and st. johns wort , each one ounce and an half , of goats suet one ounce , of new wax a sufficient quantity , make an oyntment . secondly , after the womans lying in , such things may be used as gently bind , and render the belly solid and firm . take of the distilled water of mallows , and marsh-mallow , each one quart , of rose-water a pint and half , two lemons ▪ peeled and sliced , of unripe sloes one pound ; infuse them together two days , and then distil them in a glass alembick with a gentle fire , and bath the womans belly with it . but the following makes the belly more solid . take of figs one pound , of the meal of barley and beans , each half an ounce , of the meal of rice two ounces , of galls , and cypress nuts , each one dram , of mastich , and myrrh , each one dram and half , of the seeds of fennel one dram ; boyl them all in smiths water till they are a little thick , then apply them to the belly ; or after bathing with a decoction of the foresaid things : apply the following pultiss to the belly . take of the meal of beans , rice , acorns and almonds , each two ounces , of bricks powdered one ounce , of bole-armenick two drams , of dragons blood one dram , of cypress nuts half an ounce , of kermes three drams , of galls half an ounce , of oyl of myrtles six ounces , of the waters of medlars , and sloes , each one pint , of rose-water one pint and an half ; boyl them to the consistence of a pultiss , apply it to the belly . it also makes the breasts solid . but lest the breast and bowels should be offended by its frigidity and binding quality , add of mastick two drams , of nutmegs three drams , of florentine orris half an ounce . myrrh mixed with these , the decoction of it , or used any other way renders the belly smooth and firm , and the breasts hard compact and small , and narrows the privities , and is accounted a great secret in this case . chap. xxxiv . of straitning the privities after delivery . after delivery the privities are lax ; and hence barreness , and a falling of the womb are sometimes occasioned . the cure is performed by two sorts of remedies . first , if the privities are too moist , such things must be used as dry ; the following uterine glister is very proper . take of galls number four , of spodium two spoonfuls , powder them very fine , and add six ounces of stiptic-wine ; afterwards put up the following pessary . take of the bark of the pine two drams , allom one dram , of cyprus one pugil , boyl them in wine to the consistence of a pultiss , apply them often with a rag : or infuse galls in rain-water eight days , and with soft wool sprinkled with sulphur , and dipt in this water and dried without pressing , make a pessary . but secondly , and chiefly you must use astringents , foment the genitals with the water or decoction of acorns , unripe sloes , and of horse-tail ; or foment the parts with allom-water , or with stiptic-wine , that is , red and rough wine boyl'd with galls , leaves of myrtles , red roses , pomgranet-peel balaustines , and cypress nuts : or , take of cypress nuts and galls , each one pound , of roch-allom , and the filings of iron prepared in vinegar , each half a pound , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of the waters of galls , which tanners use , and foment the parts often with it . the following water is counted excellent . take of galls , and of cypress nuts , each half a pound , of allom six drams , bole-armonick half a pound , of the meal of acorns , and of old beans , each half a pound , the whites of twelve eggs , of powder of brick one pound ; let them be all finely powdered , and infuse them three days in smiths water , or in a decoction of sloes , medlars , or horse-tail , with half a pint of rose vinegar ; then distill them in a cold still with a gentle fire ; add to the water that comes off , of the powders of mastick , myrrh , and dragons blood , each two drams . set the water in the sun in the summer for ten days , this straitens the privities , smoothens the belly , and makes the breasts solid . chap. xxxv . of abscesses and corrosive vlcers arising from distempers of the womb in childbed . the womb is sometimes terribly affected in child-bed , and produces fevers of very malignant and venomous natures , which soon cause phlegmons , and worse tumours , in the womb it self , and sometimes in other parts of the body , there being none of them on which the uterine ferment has not an influence . the exhorbitances or degenerations of that , whether from an hurt in labour , from part of the after-birth left behind , from cold taken , or the lochia stopt , soon produce such virulent distempers in the blood as make it cast out a tumor , either upon the part it self , or else outwardly upon the muscles of the body , where when they light , they prove corrosive , sometimes eating out the flesh in which they lodge , which falls off in whole pieces , without that change of colour in the skin , which is in gangreens , so that sometimes the bone it self is laid bare by them . the causes are hard labour , the womb hurt , or part of the secundine left behind ; cold taken in child-bed , and a predisposition in the humours , by reason of their peccancy in quantity or quality . the prognostick may be taken from the largness , or other qualifications of the abscess , and the symptoms that happen to the body thereupon . if the tumor happens only from some little disturbance in the womb of a person otherwise of a good habit of body , the cure is hopeful . if part of the after-birth be retained , there is no hope 's of cure till that be removed , nay if it stay so long , as to induce putrefaction of the part , it will be too late then to remove it . if the body be of an ill habit , the tumours are apt to degenerate into very venomous and malignant abscesses , which if they do not suddenly kill , do at least produce ill conditoned ulcers , hard of cure , and for the most part mortal in the long course of the disease . in the cure of these abscesses , you are to inform your self how the womb is disturbed , and appease that ; and if any part of the after-birth be left behind , to endeavour the bringing that away , and by good sudorificks , cordials and the like , to expel the venom , and fortifie the spirits against the malignity that is thereby contracted , and to attemperate the heat , and the acrimony by julips and emulsions . the swellings arising from these require to be treated in their beginning with moderate repellents and discutients afterward , according as the matter prepredominates , make way for its discharge . a young woman after child-bed was seized with a great pain and swelling in her groin , with a fever . bleeding and lenient purgatives to evacuate the humours were prescribed , also cordial juleps , and the like , to attemperate the heat , and fortifie the spirits ; and moderate repellents mixed with discutients in fomentations , and plasters with bandage were used , which dispersed the humor in the thigh , and restored that part to its former temper : but in the mean time the tumor increased in the groin , and was suppurated after the manner of a bubo ; it was opened , and a detersion was endeavoured ; but the sinus reaching down the twist , the matter could not be discharged without laying it more open , as in sinous ulcers , by which method it was cured . a gentlewoman in child-bed was seized with a fever , and the ninth day complained of a pain in her foot. discutients were prescribed , together with things proper for the fever to breath out the impacted matter in her foot ; but the pain increasing , the upper part of the foot from the instep to the toes were oedematous ; but from the inside of the ancle to the middle of the sole of her foot inflamed , and seeming to apostumate . the ill consequences of an apostumation in that part amongst the tendons and bones , and where the skin is usually so hard and tough , that our strongest causticks could difficultly penetrate , being feared ; it was resolved to endeavour the restraint of the influx , and so to dry up the humour affecting the part ; to which purpose was applied the following plaster . take of barley meal six ounces , of flax seeds powdered six drams , of the flowers of camomile and elder , each three drams , of the flowers of red roses and balaustins , each one ounce ; these with the addition of honey of roses and oyl of myrtles were boyled to the consistence of a plaster in red wine , and at bed-time an anodyne draught was given to cause rest . the next morning the patient was somewhat relieved , and when the dressings were taken off , the tumor and inflammation seemed less . this way of dressing was continued with compress and bandage , and the humour was in few days dried up , and the foot seemed well ; but there appeared again a swelling on the foot , and apostumated in the sole of the foot in three several places , which were opened with a caustick , to prevent the increase of the matter , and the eschars were divided to give a vent , and they were dressed with basilicon and the plaster as before , and the flowing of the matter was indeavoured to be hindred dayly by compress and bandage ; but the position of the foot gave way , and it sunk lower , so that there was a necessity of applying another caustick , which proved effectual to the discharge of it ; so that the upper orifices healed , but this last eschar separated slowly , and left the great tendon bare ; the separation was furthered by the use of oyl of turpentine with basilicon applied warm , and the tendon was incarnated with a sarcotick composed of a mixture of powder of orris , myrrh , sarcocoll , and mercury precipitate , with honey of roses and turpentine , and the ulcer was cicatrized with the epuloticks . after it was cicatrized the sole of her foot was so relaxed and tender , that upon setting it on the ground it became very much subject to a pituitous swelling : but by the use of a fomentation and a laced stocking , the weak parts were strengthned , and she was cured . chap. xxxvi . of the falling of the womb. for the cure of this disease , regard must be had to two things ; the first is to reduce the womb to its natural place ; the second is to strengthen and to keep it there . if the womb be quite out or turned , the woman must first of all render her urine , and a glister must be given to evacuate the gross excrements that are in the right gut , that so the reduction may be the easier performed : then place her on her back with her hips raised a little higher than her head , and then foment all that is fallen out , with a little wine and water luke-warm , and with a soft rag put it into its proper place , thrusting it back not all at once , but wagging it by little and little from side to side . in case this be too painful , because it 's already too big and swell'd , anoint it with oyl of almonds , for the more easie reduction of it ; but wipe oft the oyl , as soon as it is reduced . but if it cannot be put up by reason of the great inflammation and tumor , there is great danger that it will gangrene . as to the second part of the cure , which consists in the retention of the womb in its place , and the strengthening of it , let the woman keep her self in bed upon her back having her hips a little raised , her legs crossed , and her thighs joyned together to prevent the falling of it out again . but the best way is to put up a pessary into the neck of the womb to keep it firm . take of oak bark two ounces , boyl it in two quarts of fountain water , add at the latter end an ounce of pomgranat-peel bruised , red roses , pomgranat flowers , each two handfuls , and then add half a pint of red-wine ; strain it , and bath the part affected with flannels dipt in it in the morning two hours before the woman rises , and at night when she is in bed ; continue it till the symptom is quite gone . chap. xxvii . of a dropsie and inflation of the womb. the inflation and dropsie are confounded by almost all authors ; but they are to be distinguished ; for there is a certain inflation of the womb which ought not to be called a dropsie , viz. when the womb is inflated , and stretched suddenly by wind rushing in ; upon which account a violent pain is occasioned ; this often happens in hysterick diseases . wherefore a dropsie of the womb is two-fold , one from wind , which is like a tympany ; another from a watery humour , which is like a dropsie of the belly . as to the diagnostick of these diseases , many things are to be enquired into . first , how they may be distinguished from an universal dropsie . secondly , how the species of it may be known , viz. whether it proceeds from wind , water , or flegm ▪ thirdly , if it arise primarily from the womb , or be occasioned by the fault of some other part . fourthly , whether the peccant matter be contained in the cavity of the womb , or within the membranes of it , or in bladders . fifthly , how it may be distinguished from other tumours of the womb. sixthly , how it may be distinguished from being with child . seventhly , how it may be distinguished from a mola . first , it is distinguished from an universal dropsie , for that in a dropsie of the womb , the tumour possesses more the bottom of the womb , and there is not so soon a paleness and wasting of the whole body , as in an universal dropsie . besides , in a dropsie of the womb , the thirst and driness of the tongue is not considerable , and wind breaks out by intervals , or a little water flows out , which manifestly shew , that wind or water is contained in the womb. secondly , the species of dropsies in the womb are thus distinguished , if it be occasioned by wind , the bottom of the belly sounds being struck ; there are pricking pains in the belly , which sometimes run through the diaphragm , stomach , loins , navel , and other parts , and sometimes the wind does evidently break through the neck of the womb ; the disease grows worse upon eating and drinking , and they often belch , and are better after it ; they sometimes perceive a pain in the region of the hypogaster , so that they cannot bear an hand laid on it ; these signs are also in an inflation of the womb ; but there is this difference , for an inflation is but for a small space , and a dropsie from wind continues much longer . but if a dropsie of the womb is occasioned by water , that region appears soft and flaccid , for wind causes a tension ; there is a greater weight in the part , and a sound as it were of water floating , and water sometimes drops from the part . and if it proceed from flegm , there is a greater softness and flaccidity of the part , which dayly increases , and afflicts the neighbouring parts with oedematous swellings . thirdly , if there be signs of the whole bodies being ill affected , as by long or acute fevers , by immoderate hemorrhagies , by weakness of the stomach , swelling of the liver or spleen , or by other obstinate diseases of those parts , by which the dropsie of the womb began , and increased with them ; there is good reason to conjecture that the matter of the dropsie is received in those parts ; but if when the whole body is well , such a tumour happens , and succeeds particular diseases of the womb , as hard labour , suppression of the courses , or too large an evacuation of them , or ulcers and tumours , we may guess that the dropsie of the womb proceeds from them . fourthly , the matter which is contained in the cavity of the womb causes a much greater tumour than when it is contained within the membranes . fifthly , a dropsie of the womb may be distinguished from tumours that proceed from a phlegmon , or an erysipelas , because in these there is a fever and pain upon the least touching ; it may be distinguished from the scirrhous , or cancerous tumour by the hardness that resists the finger . sixthly , when a woman is with child , the tumour is not equal and depressed , but thrusts it self out above the navel ; and when a woman is with child , after some months she is most commonly better ; but the longer a dropsie lasts , the worse it grows , and the motion of the child is plainly to be felt after the third or fourth month ; yet in a dropsie that arises from wind , a palpitation may be sometimes perceived in the womb , and when a woman is with child , the breasts swell , but in a dropsie they wax small . seventhly , in a mole there is a weight felt in the body , which is not perceived in a dropsie of the womb , and when the sick lies on either side , a weight is perceived , as if a stone rolled thither . moreover , in a mole there are violent fluxes of the courses by intervals , namely , every third or fourth month , which does not happen in a dropsie of the womb ; and lastly , in a mole the breasts swell , and have milk in them sometimes , but there is no such thing in a dropsie . as to the prognosticks , a simple inflation of the womb is not dangerous , but if it continue long , it may turn to a dropsie . if wind or water is contained in the cavity of the womb it is easier cured than when it is included in the membranes , or in bladders . this disease is cured much the same way as a dropsie or green-sickness is ; but some things peculiar to this disease must be added : if the disease be new , and occasioned by an obstruction of the courses , and if there be a fulness of blood , bleeding may be proper , otherwise it is injurious ; but purging is always necessary , and must be often repeated , and after sufficient purging , aperitives , diureticks , and such things as move the courses must be used , to which may be added the following . take the roots of smallage , and madder , each half an ounce , of the leaves of savin , feverfew , and penny-royal , each one pugil , of the seeds of daucus , one dram , boyl them in the broaths of young pidgeons , and let her take it strained in the morning for many days . but before she takes the broath , let her swallow one of the following pills , take of the best castor , myrrh and madder , each half a dram , of saffron one scruple , with the juice of lemons , make nine pills ; after the use of which medicine , violent exercise must be used , that thereby the excrements bred in the bowels , and in the habit of the body may be dissipated , and also all that which is contained in the womb , the skins being broken by the violence of the exercise , and if the woman vomit easily , it will be proper to vomit her twice a week . the following bolus is very effectual to discuss the humour contained in the womb. take of mineral borax , half a dram , of saffron half a scruple , with the juice of savin , make a bolus , to be taken twice a week . sudorificks are also very proper ; in the mean while the heat of the stomach must be strengthened by things taken inwardly , and outwardly applyed . the womb must also be strengthened by proper topical medicines : first by fomentations and baths made of a decoction of the roots of briony , and wild cucumber , of the leaves of dwarf elder , mercury elder , wild-marjoram , calaminth , wormwood , rue , sage , marjoram , thym , bays , penny-royal , mugwort , of the seeds of broom , daucus , cummin , anise , fennel , of the berries of lawrel and juniper , of the flowers of camomile , melilot , rosemary , of which may be made bags to be boiled in wine . but that the forementioned fomentation may succeed the better , you must apply it before and behind , and the sick ought to sweat , if she can , in the bed or in a bath . in a windy dropsie dry fomentations are more beneficial , with bags made of grommel , salt , cummin and bran , torrified in a frying-pan , and sprinkled with wine . after the fomentation , anoint the lower belly with the oyls of nard , dill , rue , worm-wood , southern-wood , and if they are chimically prepared they will be the more effectual . after the anointing the belly , apply the plaster of lawrel-berries , or a pultiss made of cows-dung , sheeps-dung , of the seeds of smallage , parsley , and cummin boyled in honey . glisters must be frequently injected , made of a decoction of wormwood , wild-marjoram , penny-royal , rue , centaury , and the like ; or of the oyls of rue , nutmeg , dill , and whitewine , or in malago sack , wherein must be dissolved benedictum laxativum , diaphenicon , hiera diacolocinthidos , turpentine , confection of the lawrel-berries , honey of rosemary , and the like . injections for the womb may be prepared in the following manner to evacuate the humours contained in it . take of the roots of asara-bacca , three drams , of the leaves of penny-royal , and calaminth , each half an handful , of savin , one scruple , of mechoacan , one dram , of the seeds of anise and cummin , each half a dram , boyl them and strain them , and in six ounces of the liquor , dissolve of oyls of orris and elder , each one ounce ; make an injection . for the same purpose pessaries may be made thus . take of coloquintida and mechoacan ; each one dram , of nitre , half a scruple , with a sufficient quantity of boyled honey ; make a pessary . or , take of elaterium , half a dram , of figs bruised a sufficient quantity . when the inflation proceeds from wind a fume from nutmegs is very good , and is commended by solinander in these words , a vvoman in child-bed by exposing her self to the air too soon , fell into intolerable pains , nor could be relieved by any means , at length an old and skilful midwife was called , she ordered three nutmegs to be grosly beaten , which she put into a chaffing-dish with live coals , and placed the chaffing-dish so , that the fume of the nutmegs by the help of a funnel inverted , passed into the vvomans privities , and she received the same fume into her mouth and nostrils after the same manner , and as soon as the fumes had penetrated , the woman cryed out presently she must go to stool , and as soon as she had so spoken a great noise was heard like the shooting of a gun , and the woman was cured in the same moment ; and being encouraged by this success , i used it , says he , often in like case , and it succeeded well . a cupping-glass with much flame applyed to the navel wonderfully discusses wind : but when the disease is humoural , issues in the legs evacuate by degrees the filth of the womb. the bath waters used inwardly and outwardly are also very good , if the body be not very hot . amatus lusitanus commends the vvater or decoction of camomile flowers to ease the pain of the vvomb : in this case he orders four or five ounces of it to be given at a time . lastly , if the inflation happens after delivery , there is no need of any other cleansing , than what is done by the womb : but if it does not proceed well , it must be helped with pessaries , and cupping-glasses applyed to the thighs , and with other remedies described for the suppression of the courses : and if there be vvind , the fume of nutmegs above proposed are very proper . chap. xxxviii . of a cancer of the breast and womb. a cancer is the name of a tumour arising as it is thought from an adust , or atrabilious humour . it is round , unequally hard , and if not inflamed , of a livid or brown colour with exquisite pricking pain , the veins appear turgid in the skin upon the surface of the tumour . the remote cause of this tumour is either a fault in the original constitution of the body , or an acquired one , as by a bruise , or the like ; or by an error in dyet . the differences of cancers are many ; some are with ulceration , others not ; some are loose and moveable , and so hard that they have knocked one against another like peebles ; some are fixed to the bones , and some lie superficially ; other differences may be taken from the humour to which they owe their original . if the matter be not very corrosive , their growth is slow , and they are not very painful . these are called the milder sort , and some of them affecting the breast have been palliated a long time with easie remedies . a lady laboured many years of an ulcerated cancer , it eat deep into the left breast , and was fixed to the ribs , but not with much pain ; in progress of time the lips inverted , and united as it were , and lay covered with a crusty scab , the humour in the mean while spent it self upon the nerves and caused a species of the palsie in some parts of her body , and the gout in others . she lived long , and in her latter age tolerably healthful ; this is to be judged a scirrhous cancer , yet by ill management , or by an increase of acrimony , this and such like frequently terminate in raging cancers , and torment the patient with exquisite darting pains ; an instance or two whereof i shall set down , to make the young practitioner more cautious in undertaking the cure of them . a vvoman had a painful hard swelling in one of the glands of her breast ; she was advised to forbear the use of all cataplasms and plasters that might heat her breast , and to dress it with valentia stramonij , but she was otherwise perswaded , and thereby increased her misery . about half a year after she had a stinking sordid ulcer with lips turned out , and the breasts fixed to the ribs , with a hard unequal swelling reaching to the clavicle and side of the neck , apostumated in some parts and ulcerated in others , from the pectoral muscle it crept up to the shoulder , and affected the arm-pits , and by the compression of the vessels the upper part of the arm swelled scirrhous , from the elbow downwards it was oedematous to the fingers ends , she made use of many eminent physicians and chyrurgeons in the city , but dyed miserably . there is also a sort of bleeding cancers , which become such either from the eruption of some vessel , which makes the vent often at the nipple or some other pin-hole , the breast remaining whole , or else from the spreading of infinite capillary vessels in a fungus , which in ulcerated cancers is not rare . these do very much spend the strength of the patient , so that she soon dyes exhausted and tabid . of all the diseases which afflict mankind , the cancer is the most grievous and rebellious , and is generally incureable by reason of its corrosive and malignant venome fermenting in the humours , which so far as we can find , yields neither to purging , bleeding , repellents , discutients , suppuratives , nor any other medicine , inward or outward . those which lie superficially under the skin may be attempted by the chyrurgeon's hand , or if they rise from an external cause , as a bruise , or the like , tho they lie deeper they may be cut off or otherwise extirpated : but those that arise from a corrosive quality in the humours , though they may be cut off , or otherwise extirpated , yet the success is most doubtful . the cure of a cancer in general consists in these intentions , first , in the generation of good blood. secondly , in correcting and evacuaating the atrabilious humours in the body . thirdly , in preventing the growth of the tumour , and disposing it to discussion . we endeavour to perform the first intention by an exact regulation of diet ▪ and way of living , advising to abstain from such sharp , salt , and gross meats ▪ as may dispose the blood to acrimony ▪ and order such as are cooling and moistning , of easie digestion and of good nourishment . the second intention is to prepare and purge all the acrimonious humours ; and if there be a plethora , or a suppression of the hemorrhoids , or courses , a vein may be opened and a glister given , and the humours may be also evacuated by a convenient purge . as take of the three cordial flowers , one handful , of sena three drams , of dodder of thym , two drams , infuse them in whey , and strain it , add an ounce of the purging syrup of apples , and six drams of manna ; mingle them . traumatick decoction are also usually prescribed . take of the roots and leaves of avens , of the greater celandine , of burnet , groundsel , gentian , plantain , each one handful , boyl them in two parts of water and one of wine to the quantity of three pints , sweeten it with sugar , and let a pint be drunk thrice aday ▪ the following electuary is also reckoned very good . take of the powders of frogs and snails prepared , each half an ounce , of the powder of river crabs , one ounce , of the bone of a stags heart , one dram , of citron peel candied , one ounce , of the conserve of borrage and wood-sorrel , each two ounces , of the syrup of the juice of citron and of gilly-flowers , a sufficient quantity , make an electuary . take the quantity of a chesnut , morning and evening . emulsions , distilled milks , and opiates are also very proper to attemperate the acrimony and to ease the pains . the third intention is to restrain the growth of the tumour , and to discuss it moderately . whilst the humours are are evacuating , we apply repellents , and afterwards we add discutients ; the repellents ought to be of the milder sort , lest they render the humours too gross and unfit for resolution , as lettice , purstain , plantain , navel-wort , night-shade and housleek : lentils boyl'd in vinegar , also clay tempered with vinegar . the medicines ready compounded are the white oyntment , nutritum populeon of tutty and of burnt lead , and lead it self . all the oyntments prescribed , must be beaten up in a leaden mortar . thin milled lead is usually worn in this case ; so are plates of gold. oyl of frogs is commended , and is made by baking them with butter in their mouths . frogs spawn water is proper to be used in summer , cloaths being dipt in it and applyed , but they must be shifted as often as they dry . but in the winter the following cerat is better . take of a green frog , three drams , of the powder of river crabs burnt , half an ounce , of lytharge of gold , two ounces , of burnt lead and tutty prepared , each two drams , of cerus , six drams , of the juice of night-shade and plantain , each six ounces , of vinegar , two ounces , of oyl of frogs , and of populeon oyntment , each three ounces , of the suet of a calf , four ounces , of wax a sufficient quantity , make a cerat . or , take of the seeds of white poppy , one ounce , of the seeds of henbane , half an ounce , of opium , one dram , of gum arabick , half an ounce , powder them , and with the oyls of roses and myrtles , each three ounces , of wax a sufficient quantity , make a cerat . this is proper in case of pain , in the extremity whereof you may double the quantity of opium , or in such cases you may foment the tumour with a decoction of poppy heads , flowers of roses , and tops of mellilot , and apply the following oyntment . take of old treacle , one ounce , of the juice of river crabs half an ounce , of the juice of lettice , and of oyl of roses , each one ounce and an half , of the yolks of eggs roasted under the embers number two , of camphor , half a dram , beat them in a leaden mortar ▪ the discutients are ceterach , agrimony , ducksmeat , scabious , thorn-apple , the juice of coriander , frogs , snails , river crabs , raisins of the sun stoned and beaten , with rue and garden night-shade made into a pultits are proper to resolve them . many such medicines are designed to this purpose , cancers requiring variety of applications . if notwithstanding all your endeavours , the tumour increases , and is like to ulcerate , you may do well to forewarn the patient of the danger , and if it be loose , propose the extirpation of it , propose it to them , lest afterwards they desire it when it is too late . but to undergo this operation successfully , the patient ought to be of a strong constitution , and of a pretty good habit of body , and not in declining age , when the courses are ceased . it were also to be wished that the cancer took its original from some accident or bruise , and the like ; and the operation ought to be performed in the spring or autumn of the year . for a cancer of the womb topicks must be applyed , which moderately bind and cool . take of oyl of myrtles and of roses , each two ounces , of the juice of night-shade , and of housleek , each one ounce , beat them all in a leaden mortar with a leaden pestle till they grow black , then add of lytharge and of ceruss washed in scabious water , each three ounces , of tutty prepared two drams , of camphir , ten grains , make a liniment , wherewith anoint the part three or four times a-day . the following is said to be better , and with it the tumours of the paps , which are counted cancerous may be cured . take of the oyl of yolks of eggs , two ounces , of the juice of night-shade and speedwel , or of housleek , each half an ounce , of crude mercury two drams , stir them about in a leaden mortar with a leaden pestle , till they acquire the consistence of a liniment . the foresaid liniments are to be applyed to the womb with a long tent , or with a wax candle wrapt round with a rag : but injections may be much easier used . take of barley water , half a pint , of the waters of night-shade and plantain , each two ounces , of the water of speedwel one ounce , of the white troches of rhasis , two drams , of sacharum saturni one dram , make an injection . if the pain be very violent add to four oounces of the injection , one ounce of syrup of poppies . if the cancer be ulcerated , the dose of the mercury to be added to the foresaid liniment must be increased , and the ashes of river crabs may be conveniently added . but all these things are not sometimes sufficient to appease the violent pain , which sometimes will not suffer the sick to sleep or rest , so that we are forced sometimes to use narcoticks , and indeed , they are not injurious in this disease . i knew a woman , that was affected with a cancer in her breast , who took every night for four months , two or three grains of laudanum , and was much relieved thereby . if much blood flow from a cancer ulcerated , as it often happens ; inject into the womb the juice of plantain with a little frankincense . lastly , seeing a perfect cure cannot be expected , whether the cancer be ulcerated or not , we must endeavour to hinder the breaking of it , and the increase of it , when it is broken , and in both we must qualifie the violence of the pain by such things as evacuate the whole body , and by other remedies which alter and evacuate the melancholy humour , and hinder its growth , as by bleeding in the arm , the hemorrhodial veins , in the foot , by the use of potions , apozems , juleps , broath , milk , whey , mineral waters , and the like , which are commonly prescribed ; but purging must more especially be repeated . chap. xxxix . of worms , and of the stone of the womb. though many are of the opinion that worms are generated only in the intestines , yet it is manifest by experience , and the testimony of learned men , that they are bred in many other parts of the body , as in putrid ulcers in the teeth , in the ears , in the reins , and in the bladder , tho' rarely , by reason of the acrimony and saltness of the urine . in the womb also worms are sometimes generated , tho' it be rare , because the passages of it are so open that they will not suffer the humours , tho' they are gross and crude , to continue there so long as to generate worms . they are most commonly ascarides , and they are most commonly in the privities , or in the neck of the womb , they are very like those that are in the right gut , perhaps they creep thither from the anus . the material cause of worms , is a cold phlegmatick and crude humour , which is apt to putrifie . when there are worms in the womb , the whole body is restless and uneasie , the mouth of the womb is always moist , the women are thin and weak , and sometimes the worms are expelled with the courses , and sometimes they may be seen , the lips of the privities being opened . women so afflicted sleep disturbedly , and often wake in a fright , they have disorderly fevers , and all other symptoms which appear in worms of the intestines . as to the cure , we must endeavour to hinder the generation of them , and to kill them when they are generated ; this may be done by three sorts of remedies . first , by a thin hot and drying dyet , by acid and bitter meats , yet they must consist of good nourishment , and be easily concocted , and that are free from all crudity ; the flesh of chickens , of hens , of small mountain birds , and the broath of them with the juice of a lemon are good : among fruits oranges , cappares , olives with vinegar : among herbs , endive , sow-thistle , and groundsel : let her drink be a decoction of cinnamon , rubarb , the seeds of purslain , the roots of china , scorzonera , or sarsaparilla . all meats of milk , fish , and whatever generates flegmatick humours must be avoided , and full feeding , and a disorderly course of dyet . secondly , those things must be used which concoct , and purge off phlegmatick humours ; as syrup of wormwood , succory , succory with rhubarb , of the acid juice of citron with the waters of the same herbs , or of grass , purslain , and sorrel , and the flegm must be constantly purged off with pills of mastick , of agarick , or the like . thirdly , such things must be used as kill worms , and uterine glisters to that purpose must be injected made of a decoction of wormwood , southernwood , and centaury with allom. or , take of mint , calaminth , penny-royal , each one handful , boyl them till the third part of the water is consumed , mingle honey with it and inject it . or take of the decoction of lupins six ounces , of aloes three drams , of honey one ounce , which may be injected also with the like quantity of decoction of mercury and wormwood ; or the following pessary may be used . take of bulls gall , one dram and an half , of the powder of lupins , two drams , of oyl of wormwood , two ounces , of good white-wine , half an ounce , mingle them , and dip the cotton for the pessary in it . at the same time apply to the region of the womb the following oyntment . take of the leaves of wormwood , costmary , and calaminth , each one handful , of peach leaves half an handful ; boyl them in the sharpest vinegar , or in wine for the womb , to the strained liquor , add of aloes and agarick , each half an ounce , of coloquitida three drams , of oyl of bitter almonds , and of bulls gall , each a sufficient quantity , with a little wax , or without it , make an oyntment . you may also make a cataplasm of the same herbs boyled and bruised with the meal of lupins , oyl of wormwood , and ox gall , and the pill of aloes , or of hiera , must be taken often , a scruple at a time . that the stones grow in every part of the body , galen testifies , as in the bladder , reins , liver , intestines , lungs ; and therefore it is no strange thing if they should be generated also in the womb , as aetius writes : but they are not altogether like the stones of the bladder , nor are they loose , for if so they could not continue in the womb ; but they grow to the tunicks of the neck of the womb. the causes of them are the same , as of the stone in the bladder , namely , gross and viscid humours . the signs of them are a dull pain in the womb , and the courses are inordinate , and a finger being put up the anus , the stone may be selt . but if the stone be in the neck of the womb , the pain is great , and affects the neighbouring parts , and the womb , and the woman can not sit without pain . as to the cure , an emollient and lubricating course of diet must be used , and the gross and viscid humours must be purged off : but the chief part of the cure is to be performed by extracting the stone , but first the parts must be quieted by an emollient glister made of a decoction of mallows , marsh-mallows , fenugreek , of the seeds of flax , and a great deal of oyl of roses and of lillies to make the manual operation the easier , which must be performed in the following manner . the womans thighs being spread , the chirurgeon must thrust up two of the fingers of his left-hand , and with his right he must press the upper part of her belly to force the stone out , and this may be the easier done , if the stone be in the neck of the womb , but if it be in the womb it self , the operation will be more difficultly performed : but if the stone grow to the mouth or neck of the womb , and cannot be extirpated this way , it must be cut out , the woman being rightly placed , and the parts dilated with a speculum matricis , which being done , those things must be injected into the womb which cure ulcers , first , astringents , and such things as stop blood , and afterwards drying things , and an exact course of diet must be ordered , and the woman must be purged twice in a year , lest the stone should grow again . the cure of the stone in the bladder in women is to be managed much in the manner as in men , but it seldomer happens , and is easier cured , because the passage of the urine is larger , and shorter , and straighter in women . but if it happen , and must be extracted , the chirurgeon must put two of the fingers of his left-hand , ( the vvoman being placed as above directed ) into the privities , and with his right he must press the bladder , and force the stone to the neck of it , so as to make it pass the muscle that shuts the neck of the bladder , and then a little above the wings of the privities , at which place the stone occurs he must cut , so that the stone may be extracted with a pair of forceps . lastly , the ulcer must be cured by astringent , and incarnating medicines . chap. xl. of a condyloma , of the hemorrhoids , warts , thymus , acrocordo , and a ficus , and of scabs of the privities , and of chaps , and clefts of the same . a condyloma is a tubercle arising from an inflammation , and resembles the knucles when the hand is shut . it is cured by four kind of remedies , first by diet and purging medicines that respect the antecedent cause ; secondly , by drying and repelling topicks , if the callus be newly bred , as by baths and vapours of a decoction of vervain , of the leaves of brambles , of acacia , ivy-leaves , to which must be added , by reason of the pain , camomile flowers ; and if the condyloma be inflamed such things must be used as mitigate the pain , as the following decoction . take of the leaves of melilot , mallows , and marshmallows , each half an handful , of the seeds of flax and fenugreek , each three drams , of the flowers of camomile two pugils , boyl them , and to a pint of the decoction , add two ounces of roses , inject it by a syringe ; or warm milk may be so injected . if the condyloma being old is grown hard , and does not yeild to the foresaid medicines , aetius commends as a wonderful remedy mineral misy mixed with turpentine ; or instead of it roman vitriol , a dram of the troches of steel reduced to powder , and mixed with the oyls of roses and wax , and made into an oyntment with half an ounce of the juice of mullein is also very good . the following is also much commended . take of tuty thrice burnt and washed , of ceruss washed , of the froth of silver washed , each two drams , of the yolks of two roasted eggs , wax , sope and oyl of roses , each two ounces ; make an oyntment . but if these things do no good , it must be cut off , and if there be many of them , they must be burnt off , and the ulcer must be regularly cured : but cutting or burning in these parts is dangerous and must not therefore be used unless there be an absolute necessity . if there be hemorrhoids , they are either in the mouth or neck of the womb , or in the womb it self , or in the privities ; they are as divers as those in the anus , they are either blind or open ; they are with or without inflammation ; they differ also upon their bigness , number and figure ; they are occasioned by chaps , and by a condyloma , but chiefly by gross and feculent humours falling upon the veins of the womb , or by an inordinate defluxion of menstruous blood into those veins . this disease may be known by a weight in those parts , and women so affected are weak and subject to spontaneous lassitude : but if the hemorrhoids of the womb , or anus flow moderately , they cure and prevent many diseases , and the unseasonable stopage of them occasions the falling sickness , and many other diseases . they are cured as the piles of the anus . there are four sorts of warts of the womb and privities . the first are acrocordones , which hang as by a thred . secondly , thymus which is a rough and oblong tumour , and without pain , if it be gentle and white , or redish ; but if it be malignant it is livid and painful . thirdly , ficus or mariscae , which differ from a thymus only in bigness . the fourth is clavus , which is a hard white and round prominence like the heads of corns . these tumours in general are of a scirrhous nature , and come by immoderate copulation , and are sometimes malignant , by reason of the french-pox . the gentle are known by their white or redish colour , and by the absence of pain , the malignant by their hardness , leaden colour and pain . they are cured by four sorts of remedies . first , by a diet that is not apt to breed gross humours , and by catharticks to purge such humours off , and by sweats , if they are obstinate . secondly , by discussing medicines , which are most proper for the thymus and clavus as by dried sage , with fat figs , or old-shoes burnt and powdered and mixed with wine and applyed : but the soles of shoes and a dried gourd powdered by themselves , and afterwards mixed and applied with wine to warts do very well , or you may take of rue and pennyroyal , each equal parts ; let them be burnt and powdered ; the bark of frankincense , the leaves of basil wine and vinegar , shoomakers ink , boyl them in the vvater that drops out of a vine cut ; moisten the part with this decoction ; this is reckoned an excellent medicine . prick with a needle the eye of a goat newly killed , and anoint daily the part with the liquor that flows from it , and within six days , as aetius writes ; myrmecies will be extirpated , which consist of broad roots , and they itch . thirdly , things that burn and eat are proper for myrmecies and acrocordos , as the juice of wild cucumber with salt , or the like : but corroding things must not continue long upon the part , for when they have been applied an hour or thereabout , the part must be washed twice or thrice with astringent wine ; and the neighbouring parts must be defended by an oyntment made with bolearmenick , sealed earth , rose-water and vinegar . fourthly , if they may be cut off , they ought to be so , but some bind the root of these with a horse-hair ; and straighten it daily till they fall off . in the privities and mouth of the womb , especially in such women , as have the french-pox , pustles arise ; they often itch ; they are occasioned by the abundance , and grossness of a bilious and adust humour , or by the french-pox , they may be easily seen by a speculum matricis . they are to be cured by four sorts of remedies . first , by meats of good juice , and by abstaining from all acrid , acid and salt things . secondly , by universal evacuations , as by bleeding and purging , and such things , as attemperate the humour must be used , as syrup of borrage , violets , fumitory and succory , and the like . decoctions of sarsa , or of guiacum with sweating are also very proper , and purges and sudorificks must be often repeated . thirdly , topicks must be applyed , and if the pustles are gentle bathing is proper , and afterwards wash the part with hot wine and nitre . for pustles and scabs the following oyntment of has bin found very successful . take of the roots elecampane , burnet and sharp pointed dock , each three ounces , of fumitory water six ounces , of the sharpest vinegar , or of the best wine , for diseases of the womb , two ounces ; having bruised the roots well , infuse them a day and a night , then boyl them , and press them strongly ; to the strained liquor add half a pound of turpentine , of oyl of roses three ounces , of wax half an ounce , boyl them again to the consumption of half , and add of sulphur one ounce and an half , of cerus five ounces , of roch-allom half an ounce , of sal gemma two drams , of oyl of eggs , six drams , mix them by beating of them well together , then wash the whole composition in fumitory water . but if the pustles are malignant , and obstinate , you must use stronger desiccatives , which correct the venom of the pustles , and at the same time you must use sudorific decoctions . take of plantain and rose water each four ounces , of sal gemma , nitre , and allom , each two drams , of sublimate one dram and an half , boyl them till a third part is consumed ; to the strained liquor , add of verde-greese one scruple ; after you have used this two or three dayes , you must forbear a while , and use gentler things , and return again to the use of it , till the pustles are quite taken off . this moreover must be added , which is of excellent use , having first bathed with a decoction of fumitory , lupins , beans , and a little salt. take of the roots of elecampane cut small four ounces , boyl them well in a sufficient quantity of water with a little vinegar or wine , then beat them in a mortar and pulp them through a sieve , and add of fresh lard three ounces , of juice of ground elder , and of fumitory , each one ounce and an half , of quick-silver extinguished in fasting spittle , or in the yolk of an egg , half an ounce , of ceruss and lytharge , each one ounce , of brimstone one dram and an half , stir them about for an hour , and mix the powders by degrees . but because pustles continue sometimes a long while , you must make an issue in the leg , before they are quite dryed up . clefts and chaps are sometimes in the mouth of the womb , as in the anus , hands , lips , and nipples , by reason of violent cold , a north wind , and the like ; they are small , long and narrow ulcers , sometimes deep , and sometimes only superficial ; they are also ocasioned by hard labour , by acrid and corroding humours , or by a great dryness in the womb. they are to be cured by five sorts of remedies ; by a moistening and smoothening diet , avoiding such things as are acrid , and stop the belly ; therefore let the woman eat chicken , mutton , veal , and broaths made of succory , bugloss , burrage , spinage , and the like ; let her drink be rather beer than wine , she must avoid cheese and spices , violent exercise , and copulation : and if acrid humours be the cause , she must be blooded , if there be a plenitude ; afterwards she must be purged with cassia , manna , and the like , and the humours must be attemperated with the syrups of succory , roses , violets , borrage , fumitory , and with the waters of the same herbs . if they are occasioned by hard labour , and bleed , the blood must be stop'd by the following uterine glister . take of the leaves of plantain one handfull , of roses four pugils , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till half is consumed . to six ounces of the strained liquor add of the powders of dragons blood , bole armenick , myrrh , frankincense , birthwort , each half a dram. if the chaps are dry , hot , and itch , the part must be fomented with things that moisten , as the following decoction . take of the flesh of frogs , snails , and river crabs , each two drams , of barley two pugils , of mallows and ducks meat , each one handful , of flax seeds one ounce , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water , and let six ounces be injected in the manner of a vterine glister , and anoint the part affected with the oyntment of ceruse with camphor ; and if the pain and heat be much , anoint it with the following oyntment . take of the populeon oyntment one ounce , of camphor two scruples , of ceruss washed in rose water one scruple , and the white of one egg , mingle them . oyl of flax hot is also good for chaps of the anus and womb , so is pomatum ; oyl of the yolks of eggs , or of flax seeds stir'd about in a leaden mortar is also proper , and if they are occasioned by driness , barly boyled in water in linnen baggs , and applyed for nine days are very beneficial . but if the chaps are malignant , apply the following . take of good aqua vitae one point , of sublimate powdered one scruple , of verdegrease half a scruple , the whites of three eggs , stir them well together , and anoint the part every other day , and apply over a plaster of diachylon . chap. xli . of the melancholy of virgins and widows . melancholy befalls virgins , widdows , and barren vvomen , oftner than other vvomen ; there are two causes of it . first , the nature of a woman which is tender , and the mind easily dejected . secondly , gross blood. the signs of it are a pulsation about the back , which is a symptom almost perpetual in vvomen so affected ; the skin is sometime squalid , wrinkley and rough , especially in the arms , knees and joints of the fingers ; much cogitation , suspicion , shame-facedness , dejection of mind , disturbed sleep , frightful dreams , a preposterous judgment ; the breast is often very hot and hath a pulsation in it , and when the vapour rises upwards , there is a palpitation of the heart , or fainting ; there is a rising in the throat , as in mother-fits , the belly is most commonly bound , they are thirsty , and subject to vvatchings , to despair , and to vveeping and sorrow , and sometimes the melancholy is so high , as that they grow almost distracted , and are ready to make away with themselves . there are three degrees of this disease , according to which the danger is more or less , and the cure is to be varied accordingly . the first , is when the signs are small . the second , when the disease has lasted a long while , and has disordered the vvomans mind so , as that she is continually sorrowful and sad. the third , is when the vvoman , is so overcome with it , that she will not speak , nor give any answers , and this is near to madness . the first degree of this may be removed by a sparing diet , by exercise , and by variety of pleasant company , and if she be not married , she must be blooded in the arm every third or fourth month , in the middle of the month : but if she be most melancholy at the time of her courses , she must be blooded in the foot two or three days before or after them . but if the disease be in the second degree , the curative indications are principally four . the first , to hinder the congestion of the blood in the vvomb , by such things as force the courses . the second , is to expel the melancholy that is heapt up . the third , is to discuss the vvind . the fourth , to provide for the head , heart , womb , and the whole body . it is to be cured therefore by five sorts of remedies . first , by a moistning diet , as let the dinner be of a boyl'd chicken , with the roots of fennel , parsley , red vetches , and saffron : and the supper of new-laid eggs , roasted , and stewed prunes , or borrage prepared with almond-milk , by reason of watchings , wherewith they are much troubled ; or a ptisan with a little anniseeds and cinnamon , to expel the wind. let the drink be rhenish or vvhite-wine with borrage flowers in it , midling beer medicated with elecampane or balm , or water boyled with the herb maiden-hair , with the roots of scorzonera , lemon-peel , and citron-seeds . if the belly be bound , use the following glister . take of the roots of fennel and parsley , each one ounce , of the leaves of mallows , one handful , of polypody of the oak , one ounce , of the seeds of bastard saffron , flax , and fenugreek , each one dram , boyl them to a pint , to the strained liquor add of the oyls of dill , camomile , violets , and of brown-sugar , each one ounce , of diacatholicon , half an ounce . secondly , evacuations must be used , and if there be a plenitude , bleeding must be ordered , and purging medicines frequently ; but the humour must be first prepared by the following medicines , or the like . take of syrups of borrage , of apples , and of epithymum , each one ounce , of the waters of borrage and balm , each two ounces , mingle them , and when the woman has used this six or eight days , let her take every other week one dram of the pills of aloes , of mastick , or of agarick ; or rather because the pills dry and heat , let her take three or four times in a year a bolus made with an ounce of the pulp of cassia , and two drams of the powder of sena : the following syrup is much commended . take of the waters of borrage , succory and hops , each ten ounces , of the juice of borrage clarified eight ounces , of the juice of fragrant apples , six ounces , of the leaves of sena three ounces , of the cordial flowers , each one pugil , of the roots of scorzonera cut small , or of angelica , two ounces , boyl them over a gentle fire till the twentieth part is consumed ; to the strained liquor add of choice rubarb , and of agarick trothiscated , each four drams and an half ; after it has boyled gently , strain it out , and add of the powder of the stone called lazulus prepared , and tied up in a rag two drams , of sugar a sufficient quantity , make a syrup of a moderate consistence : the dose is three or four ounces . the following medicine is much commended . take of the leaves of spleen-wort , penny-royal , maiden-hair , thym , fumitory , borrage , mugwort , and agrimony , each half an handful , of the roots of succory , endive , smallage , angelica , fennel , asparagus , and eringo , each one ounce , of the flowers of borrage , stechas , rosemary , violets , each one pugil and an half , of epithymum , and of the leaves of sena , each half an ounce , of doronicum , of the seeds of anise , fenel , basil , and citron , each two drams and an half , of cinnamon half an ounce , of all the sanders , each half a dram , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to a quart ; at the end add of the bark of the root of black hellibore , and of choice rubarb , each four scruples , of the stone called lazulus tied up in a rag , one dram , of sweet smelling flag , of zedoary , and of the seeds of peony decortiated , each half a scruple , strain it , and with a sufficient quantity of white sugar make a clear potion ; aromatize it with one dram of diamosh . the dose is five or six ounces . but if these things do no good , four grains of stybium prepared may be safely given ; but it is best to begin with two grains . but some in a desperate melancholy have not feared to give three four or five grains of vigo's precipitate with an ounce of good wine , or in conserve of roses . thirdly things that discuss wind must be used , and the following glister must be frequently injected . take of the roots of fennel , and parsley , each one ounce , of the seeds of bastard saffron , anise , flax , and fenugreek , each one dram , of the leaves of mallows , one handful , of polypody of the oak , half an handful , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to a pint ; add of the oyls of camomile , and dill , each one ounce , and an half , of lenitive electuary , and of brown sugar , each one ounce ; make a glister . and it is convenient to anoint the spleen with the following liniment . take of the decoction of tamarisck , capers , and spleen-wort , each two ounces , of oyl of capers , and lillies , each one dram , of treacle and mithridate , each two drams , with a sufficient quantity of wax make an oyntment . fourthly , such things must be used as cause sleep , whereof there is so great want in this disease , that this symptom often takes up the whole cure ; it happens by reason of the siccity of the brain , and therefore things that moisten are to be used . to this purpose , the feet and legs are wont to be washed with a decoction of mallows , roses , camomile , violets , and the flowers of lettice , and sometimes henbane , and the heads of whith poppies are added to it , and the head is to be embrocated in the following manner . take of the foresaid decoction a quart , of the oyls of poppies , and roses , each three ounces , mingle them , and pour them gently being warm upon the head ; but the hair must be first shaved off . afterwards apply to the head a rag dipt in the oyls of roses and camomile , or of poppies , if the watchings be very great , or in womans or goats milk , and if these things are not sufficient , anoint the nostrils with populeon oyntment ; or take of oyntment of roses one ounce , of opium four grains , mingle them , and anoint the nostrils , the temples , and the palms of the hands , and the soles of the feet , and the pulse , and let her take inwardly the following emulsion . take of sweet almonds blanched four ounces , of the seeds of melons , and gouras , each one ounce , of the seeds of lettice , and poppies , each two drams , beat them in a marble mortar , and pour upon them a pint of barley water , and a little rose water , sweeten it with sugar and make an emulsion ; let it be taken just after supper , and at bed-time give the following anodyne . take of cowslip water , two ounces , of diacodium , one ounce . lastly , such things must be used , as strengthen the brain and heart , apply the following epithem to the region of the heart . take of the waters of balm , orange flowers , and borrage , each three ounces , of good white-wine , two ounces , of the juice of fragrant apples , one ounces and an half , of the powders of diamosck , diambra , of the bark of citron , each half a dram , mingle them ; or anoint the region of the heart with the oyntment of flowers of oranges , and let her eat now and then citron ▪ bark candied , or the roots of bugloss , or scorzonera candied . but if the disease be so high , that the woman is plainly delirious , which is the third degree of this disease ; the same remedies in a manner must be used , only the most effectual must be chosen , and care must be taken , that a cold and dry intemperies be not contracted , and therefore less blood must be taken away , and she must be purged strongly with a dram of the pill de lapide lazuli , or with the like quantity of the following . take of epithymum , six ounces , of agarick , four drams , of the bark of black hellebore , one dram and an half , of the species of simple hiera , four drams , with honey of roses make a mass . but the following electuary is better . take of the stone called lazulus , one dram , of the leaves of sena , one dram and an half , of the best agarick two drams , of the syrup of purslain , or of the juice of fumitory or of hops , three ounces , of conserve of roses or of violets , one ounce , mingle them ; let her take an ounce once a week . and the body must be moistned by all means , by baths and the like ; wherewith , and with a moistning diet galen cured melancholy , and such things must be used as provoke the courses ; but if they will not flow , the application of leeches to the hemorrhoids is very proper , because hippocrates and galen say that melancholy blood is drawn by these veins ; they may be opened two ways ; by rubbing the fundament with a course cloth , and by leeehes , which must be of a moderate bigness , and they must be taken from a clear and running water , they must not be green , pale , nor hairy ; but reddish , and after they are taken they must be pressed , that they may vomit up the venom , if they have any ; then they must be kept in a glass full of clear water sweetned with sugar , and the water must be changed once a week . when they are to be applied , you must foment the part with a decoction of camomile , mallows , mullein , and the like ; then rub it , that the mouth of the veins may appear , and to each of them apply a leech ; if they will not stick , anoint the place with chickens blood , or the like ; and whilst they are sucking , let a hot decoction of camomile , dill , roses , and mallows be put under them , that the vapour of it may comfort them . a sufficient quantity of blood being drawn , they generally fall off of themselves ; if they do not , pinch them by the tails , or sprinkle upon their mouths ashes , salt , or aloes . if the blood slow too long , apply rags dipt in stiptick wine , or the white of an egg with some astringent powder . finis . books printed for henry bonwike , at the red lyon in st. paul's church-yard . collections of acute diseases , in five parts : 1. of the small pox , and measles . 2. of the plague and pestilential fevers . 3. of continual fevers . 4. of agues , a pleuresie , peripneumonia , quinsie , and the cholera morbus . 5. and lastly , of the bloody flux , miscarriage , of acute diseases of women with child , a rheumatism , bleeding at nose , apoplexy , lethargy , and several other diseases . in 8 o a collection of chronical diseases , viz. the cholick , the bilious cholick , hysterick diseases , the gout , and the bloody urine from the stone in the kidnies . 8 o. promptuarium praxeos medicae ; seu methodus medendi , praescriptis celeberrimorum medicorum londinensium concinnata . et in ordinem alphabeticum digesta . 12 o. the compleat herbal of physical plants . containing all such english and foreign herbs , shrubs and trees , as are used in physick and surgery ; and to the vertues of those that are now in use , is added one receipt , or more of some learned physician . the doses , or quantities of such as are prescribed by the london physicians , and others , are proportioned . also directions for making compound waters , syrups , simple and compound , electuaries , pills , powders , and other sorts of medicines . moreover the gums , balsams , oyls , juices , and the like , which are sold by apothecaries and druggists , are added to this herbal ; and their virtues and uses are fully described . 8 o the storehouse of physical practice : being a general treatise of the causes and signs , of all diseases afflicting human bodies . together with the shortest , plainest and safest way of curing them , by method , medicine and diet : to which is added for the benefit of young practisers , several choice forms of medicines used by the london physicians . 8 o these five by the author of this treatise . pains afflicting human bodies : their various difference , causes , parts affected , signals of danger , or safety ; shewing the tendency , of chronick and acute diseases , for a seasonable prevention of fatal events . with a tract of issues and setons . by e. manwaring , m. d. 8 o the compleat chyrugeon ; or the whole art of chyrurgery explain'd , by way of questions and answers . containing an exact account , of its principles , and several parts ; viz. of the bones , muscles tumours , ulcers , and wounds simple and complicated , or those by gun-shot ; as also of venereal diseases , the scurvey , fractures , luxations , and all sorts of chyrurgical operations ; together with their proper bandages and dressings . whereto is added a chyrurgical dispensatory ; shewing the manner , how to prepare all such medicines as are most necessary for a chyrurgeon ; and particularly the mercurial panacaea . writen in french by m. le clerc , physician in ordinary , and privy counseller to the french king. faithfully translated into english . 12 o pia desideria , or divine addresses . in three parts . 1. sighs of the penitent soul. 2. desires of the religious soul. 3. extasies of the enamour'd soul. illustrated with 47 cuts . written in latin by herm. hugo ; englished by edm. arwaker . 8 o the art of catechizing , or the compleat catechist : in four parts . 1. the church catechism resolv'd into easie questions . 2. an exposition of it , in a continued , full , and plain discourse . 3. the church catechism resolv'd into scripture proofs . 4. the whole duty of man reduced into questions . fitted for the meanest capacities , the weakest memories , the plainest teachers , and the most uninstructed learners . 12 o country conversations : being an account of some discourses that happened in a visit to the country last summer , on divers subjects , chiefly of the modern comidies , of drinking , of translated verse , of painting and painters , of poets and poetry . 8 o the christians manual . in two parts . 1. the catechumen : or an account given by the young person of his knowledge in religion , before his admission to the lords supper ; as a ground work for his right understanding the sacrament . 2. an introduction to the sacrament : or a short , safe and plain way to the communion table ; being an instruction for the worthy receiving the lords supper . to which is added the communicants assistant ; being devotions to that purpose : fitted to be used before , at , and after the receiving the blessed sacrament . collected for , and familiarly addressed to every particular communicant . by l. addison , d. d. dean of litchfield . 12 o letters of religion and virtue to several gentlemen and ladies ; to excite piety and devotion ; with some short reflections on divers subjects . 12 o a practical discourse of the sin against the holy ghost : shewing plainly . 1. what it is . 2. how any person may certainly know , whether he has been guilty of it . designed to bring incouragement to the faithful penitent ; tranquility of mind to the obedient ; joys to them that love ; and the returning sinner from desparation . 8 o a discourse proving from scripture and reason that the life of man is not limited by any absolute decree of god. by the author of the duty of man. 8 o the best gnide to devotion ; being short prayers , meditations and thanksgivings taken out of scripture and fitted to all occasions . 24 o advertisement . excellent purging pills , prepar'd by the author , are to be sold , by mr. henry bonwicke , at the red lyon in st. paul's church-yard . they cure the scurvey , the most reigning disease of this kingdom ; they purge the head , breast , stomach and reins , and cleanse the blood ; and are a very proper purge for those that cannot confine themselves when they want purging , but are forced to go abroad about their business . the price of each box is one shilling six pence , with directions for use . finis . the london dispensatory, reduced to the practice of the london physicians wherein are contain'd the medicines, both galenical and chymical, that are now in use ... / by john pechey ... pechey, john, 1655-1716. 1694 approx. 335 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 109 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2008-09 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a53916 wing p1025 estc r1661 13172962 ocm 13172962 98321 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a53916) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 98321) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 433:3) the london dispensatory, reduced to the practice of the london physicians wherein are contain'd the medicines, both galenical and chymical, that are now in use ... / by john pechey ... pechey, john, 1655-1716. [24], 187, [5] p. printed by f. collins for j. lawrence ..., london : 1694. reproduction of original in cambridge university library. includes index. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual 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remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng dispensatories. 2006-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-03 robyn anspach sampled and proofread 2007-03 robyn anspach text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the london dispensatory , reduced to the practice of the london physicians . wherein are contain'd the medicines , both galenical and chymical , that are now in use . those that are out of use are omitted : and such as are in use , and not in the latin copy , are added ; with vertues and doses . by john pechey , of the college of physicians , in london . london : printed by f. collins , for j. lawrence , at the angel in the poultrey . 1694. the preface . having for several years endeavoured to render the art of physick as plain and easie as the nature of it would allow ; by separating practice and experience from the vain fictions of a sort of men , whose business it is , to make every part of it obscure and misterious . i thought among other things , the reducing the london dispensatory to the practice of the present times , and the adding to it such medicines as are frequently used ; would be a work very acceptable to those , that have not time or opportunity to peruse the prescriptions of the london physicians : to which end i carefully viewed the files of some london apothecaries , and the bills of the most eminent physicians , and reviewed the best modern authors . now by this treatise young phisicians may know what medicines are used , and so prescribe accordingly ; whereas , before the apothecaries were w●nt to discover , and ridicule raw practitioners for their obsolete and unfashionable prescriptions ; and commonly upon reading such bills would say , this or that doctor was a novice in practice . and apothecaries in the country may by this dispensatory provide medicines that are agreeable to the present practice , and so save the patient the trouble , ( besides the loss of time ) in sending to london for some medicines , prescribed by london physicians , as oft as they are called into the countrey , or advised with by letter in extraordinary cases : tho i know some of them in great towns especially , are well furnished with all things necessary . but ( which is most considerable ) t is probable , that many of the simples and compounds that are rejected and out of use , either never had really the virtues assigned them ; or by a long tract of time , the diseases for which they were used are now altered , and some of them worn out ; and that others succeed which require other medicines and methods of cure . as to the virtues of each composition , i have set down briefly those that i thought did peculiarly belong to the medicine . lastly , i have added a table of diseases . reader farewel , from the angel and crown in basing-lane , london . john pechy . the index of the medicines . a a ethiops minoralis 153 aloes to purifie 176 alum to burn ibid. ambar volatile salt 170 anacardiums to prepare 176 antimony diaphoretick 144 antimony its cinnabar 148 antimony its glass 145 antimony its liver 144 antimony its common regulus 147 aq. lact ▪ alexit . 6 aq. mirabilis 7 arcanum corallinum 153 b balsam of sulphur 165 benzoin flowers 168 bezoarric 183 bole armonick to prepare 177 brass to burn 175 briony lees 177 butter may ibid. c cerecloth of galbanum 126 cerecloth of sanders 127 conserves 49 coral prepared 178 crabs eyes prepared ibid. d decoctions bitter 22 of dodder ibid. for a glister 21 pectoral 23 sennae gerionis ibid. white 2● of the woods 24 wound 23 e earthworms 181 electuaries . confection of alkermes 61 confection of hyacinth 62 caryocostinum 69 catholicon 70 diacrocuma 68 diaphaenicon 70 diasatyrion 63 diascordium ibid. of the egg 65 extract of cassia for glisters 69 hiera picra simple 73 lawrel berries 62 lenitive 71 mithridat 64 philonium romanum 65 of the juice of roses p. 72 sassafras 61 treacle venice 66 treacle london 68 elixir proprietatis 154 elixir salutis ibid. extracts 173 f fat 's to prepare 175 g goats blood to prepare 180 h hartshorn burnt 178 hellebore roots to prepare 179 i jalap rofin 171 l lac to prepare 180 lapis calamminaris to prepare 177 lapis lazuli to prepare 180 lapis medicamentosus 158 lapis prunellae 169 laudanum 83 liquid laudanum 185 litharge to prepare 180 lucatellus balsam 102 lungs of a fox to prepare 182 m mars its opening saffron mars its astringent saffron 155 mars its salt ibid. mercurius vitae 146 mercury water 150 mercury corrosive 149 mercurius dulcis 150 mercury precipitat red 151 merc precipitat white ib. millepedes prepared 181 o oesypus to prepare 181 opium to prepare 182 oyls simple by expression . of sweet almonds 93 of bitter almonds ibid. of the yolks of eggs 94 simple oyls by infusion or decoction . of cammomile 96 of castor ibid. of dill 95 of elder flowers 100 of euphorbium 97 of water lillies 99 of marjoram 98 of mastich ibid. of mint 99 of myrrh ibid. nard 100 of orris 97 of roses compleat 95 of roses omphacin 94 of rue p. 100 of savin ibid. of scorpions 101 violet ibid. of wall flowers 96 worms 97 wormwood 95 compound oyls by infusion . oyl of foxes 103 of st. john's ▪ wort 102 of swallows 101 chymical oyls . of ambar 104 of bricks 108 of cinnamon 105 of dill 111 of guajacum 106 of juniper berries ibid. of nutmegs 107 of sulphur by the bell 109 of turpentine ibid. of wax 110 of wormwood ▪ 108 simple oyntments . aegyptiacum 112 bayes 115 basilicon ibid. diapompholigos 113 sharp pointed dock 116 elecampane 114 elecampane with mercury ibid. for the eyes 116 gum elemi 112 marsh-mallows 113 nutritum 115 pomatum 117 red drying ibid. tobacco 115 white 111 oyntments more compound . of alablaster 118 apostles ibid. aregon 119 of the countess 121 martiatum 122 mastich ibid. naples 123 nerve ibid. pectoral 124 piles 122 poplar 124 sowbread 120 splanchnick 125 sumach 126 p pearls to prepare 178 pills of agarick 72 agregative ibid. aleophang 74 aloes rosat 8● ambar 82 coch. major 75 coch. minor 76 faetid 77 golden 75 hermodactiles 78 hiera with agarick ibid. hounds tongue 76 imperial p. 78 lapid lazuli 79 macri ibid. mastich 80 matthews 185 rudii 80 ruffi 81 stomach with gums 81 storax ibid. tartar 82 two 77 plaisters . ammoniacum 127 barbarum magnum 128 bayberries ibid. bettony 129 blistering 135 caesaris 130 cummin 131 diachalcitis ibid. diachylon simple 132 diachylon with orris ib. diachylon the great ▪ 133 diachylon the great with gums 134 frogs 140 head 130 hemlock with ammoniacum 131 hermodactiles 136 hysterick 137 lapid calamminaris 135 red lead 138 ma●●ich ibid. melilot simple ibid. mucilages 134 nerve 139 flower of oyntments 135 oxycroceum 140 ruptures 136 de sandice 141 soap ibid. sticticum 142 stomach ibid. r robor sapa . of barberries 46 juice of liquorice ibid. s salts fixed 174 sacharum saturni 172 salt of vitirol 160 salts volatile 174 scammony prepared 182 spirit of sal armonia●k 156 spirit of salt 157 sweet spirit of salt 158 spirit of vitriol 159 spirit of nitre dulcified 161 spirit of wine rectified 162 spirit of hartshorn 163 spurge roots to prepare 179 squills to prepare 183 steel prepared 154 infernal stone 178 styptick water 159 sugars p. 51 flowers of sulphur 166 magistery of sulphur ib. syrups of ammoniacum 29 apples 27 balsamick 29 bizantine simple 30 buckthorn 27 of the juice of citron 30 citron peel ibid. coral 31 cupmoss ibid. diacodium 32 dodder 26 syrup of elder berries 32 gilly-flowers 34 ground pine 33 white horehound 34 liquorice 35 maidenhair ibid. marsh-mallows ibid. mint 36 mouseear 37 mugwort ibid. myrtles 38 oak of jerusalem 39 the five opening roots ib. peach flowers 28 peony 39 pomgranats 40 poppies red ibid. quinces 41 roses ▪ solutive 28 roses dryed 41 rhubarb 25 scabious comp . 41 stechas 42 steel 43 succory with rhubarb 25 turneps 42 violets 43 wormwood 44 t tartar vitriolated 163 tartar creame 162 tinctures of ambar 13 antimony 14 benzoin 168 castor 14 roses ibid. sacra 15 saffron ibid. salt of tartar 16 sulphur 15 troches of agarick 83 alhandal 84 ambar 87 camphir 86 capers ibid. cherries winter 85 cypheos 87 dr. gordms 89 hedichroy ibid. lemnian earth 92 lozenges pectoral black 86 lozenges pectoral white 85 maudlin 88 myrrh p. 90 polyidae ibid. rhubarb 90 spodium 91 squills ibid. vipers 92 white of rhasis 84 turbith mineral 152 turpentine boiled 183 tutty prepared ibid. u medicated vinegars . destilled vinegar 20 rose vinegar ibid. treacle vinegar 21 w compound waters of angelica 1 alum ibid. bezoartick 2 briony 3 cinnamon 5 cinnamon hord ibid. epidemick ibid. gentian 6 heavenly 4 lavender comp. 186 peony 7 queen of hungaries 8 horse radish ibid. saxony 9 scordium ibid. snaile-water 10 stephans ibid. treacle 11 walnut ibid. worms 12 wormwood ibid. medicated wines . blessed 17 squills 18 steel ibid. wormwood 19 an index of the diseases . aches p. 102 , 103 ▪ 122 , 124 , 140. agues tertian 184 apoplexy 8 , 13 , 104 appetite to procure 19 , 46 , 74 asthma 15 , 167 b. back pains 120 , 186 biting of venomous creatures 65 , 101 , 116 , 129 bladder the pain of it 35 bladder diseases 36 , 89 blisters to dress 138 blood to purifie p. 6 , 22 , 65 blood spitting 24 , 37 , 38 , 92 blood to stop 60 , 110 , 158 bowels to empty 21 , 120 breast to purge 75 , 81 breast crude humours of it to concoct 15 breast obstructed 124 breast pains 128 breast swelled ibid. bruises 8 , 102 , 116 , 124 142 burns 8 , 112 c. catarrh 58 , 59 chanchre 1 chaps 117 child bed purgations to force 38 , 90 cold diseases 100 collick 5 , 62 , 67 , 107 , 120 , 124 , 161 concoction to help 13 , 37 consumption 10 , 12 , 16 , 29 , 43 , 62 convulsions 95 , 96 , 100 , 103 , 104 , 120 , 124 coughs 16 , 24 , 29 , 43 , 47 , 49 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 86 , 92 102 cough hooping 31 coughs tickling 32 , 62 , 76 , 89 cramp 96 , 120 d deafness 14 , 19 , 55 , 96 digestion to help 75 , 81 , 95 , 100 , 108 dropsy 6 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 19 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 43 , 61 , 75 , 91 , 153 , 155 e. epilepsy 13 , 148 , 156 expectoration to help 10 , 23 , 34 , 35 , 58 , 86 eyes inflamed 84 , 117 f. fevers 5 , 9 , 17 , 25 , 30 , 36 61 , 125 , 135 , 156 fevers hectick 29 , 31 , 63 fistula's to hèal 24 , 94 flesh proud to ▪ eat down 1 , 112 , 152 fluxes of all sorts to stop 31 , 38 , 41 , 48 , 55 , 64 , 65 , 92 , 98 , 117 , 121 , 126 fluxes of blood 89 flux to raise 123 , 151 fluxes immoderate of the hemorrhoids and courses 155 french pox 24 , 61 , 77 , 148 , 151 , 153 fundament fallen 121 g. gall bladder obstructed 55 galls to cure 112 giddiness p. 8 gonorrhea to stop 24 gout 33 , 67 , 69 , 78 , 113 , 142 gravel to expel 53 , 157 , 186 green sickness 14 , 88 , 154 gripes in children 93 gripes 5 , 67 h. ill habit of body 15 , 84 , 88 , 91 head ach 8 , 118 , 131 head diseases 14 , 40 , 42 , 57 , 74 , 75 , 77 , 80 , 95 , 122 , 187 head to strengthen 123 heart to chear 3 , 15 hemorrhagies to stop 20 hickops 94 hoarsness 54 , 93 , 99 humors sharp to correct 36 hysterick diseases 8 , 13 , 19 , 137 , 154 i. jaundice 6 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 55 , 84 , 91 , 105 , 117 infection to prevent 7 , 64 , 65 , 67 inflamations to asswage 20 , 99 , 101 , 122 joint diseases 115 joints stiff 120 joints to strengthen 122 , 130 , 139 joint pains 142 itch 42 , 79 , 166 itching to take off 112 , 114 , 116 k. kidney diseases 36 kidneys the pain of 35 kings evil 24 , 101 l. lameness 102 letharge 8 , 96 limbs to comfort 140 liver hard 125 liver inflamed 127 liver obstructed 14 , 42 , 55 liver swelled 88 loosness 5 , 25 , 155 lungs inflamed 41 lungs obstructed 35 lungs to purge 73 m. mad people to purge 22 , 79 malignity to expel 7 , 10 , 11 , 30 , 53 , 54 ▪ 55 , 60 , 64 , 65 melancholly hypochondriack 9 , 43 , 46 , 53 ▪ 55 , 59 , 154 , melancholly to purge 22 , 26 , 27 , 83 milk to drive away 132 miscarriage 121 , 126 , 137 mother fits 3 , 14 , 67 , 90 , 104 , 126 ●nflamation of the mouth 45 n. nerve diseases 14 , 33 , 95 , 98 , 115 nerves to purge 85 nerves to strengthen 38 , 96 , 108 , 122 , 123 , 139 , nipples chap'd 94 o. obstructions to open 15 , 19 , 29 , 30 , 38 , 39 , 46 , 69 , 73 , 87 , 88 , 110 , 154 oyntment for childrens breast 108 p. pains cold 8 , 110 , 111 , pains to ease 32 , 36 , 65 , 83 , 94 , 96 , 97 , 113 , 125 pains of the joints 78 , 95 , 103 pain of the limbs 69 palsy 8 , 13 , 96 , 100 , 103 , 104 , 120 , 124 , 156 piles 122 pimples 117 , 150 plague 2 , 6 , 15 , 21 , 63 , 66 , 67 , 107 , 144 , 156 pleurisy 41 , 58 , 59 , 93 , 96 , 113 poison to resist 31 small pox 15 , 17 pulse to heighten 165 putrefaction to resist 31 q. quinsy 169 r. reins ulcerated 89 rest to procure 64 rheums 24 , 76 , 117 rheumatism 15 , 61 rickets 46 , 87 , 96 , 98 , 125 , 169 ringworms 94 , 114 , 116 rottenness of the bones 106 running of the reins 58 , 69 , 77 , 86 , 89 , 92 , 158 ruptures 48 , 121 , 131 , 137 ▪ s. scabs 114 , 116 scabs pocky 114 scaby heads of children 100 sciatica 103 , 108 schirrous 153 scurvy 9 , 12 , 32 , 43 , 54 , 1●5 shortness of breath 54 side pains 35 skin diseases 29 , 79 , 83 , 99 , 101 , 115 , 116 ▪ skin rough 117 sleep to promote 65 , 76 , 100 sores to skin 117 sores old p. 1 , 90 , 153 spleen hard 125 spleen swelled 88 , 108 spleen obstructed 14 , 55 spirits to refresh 31 , 53 , 55 , 57 spots in the face 168 strains 135 stomach 5 , 11 , 13 , 56 , 127 , 15 , 19 , 22 , 30 , 31 , 37 , 40 , 56 , 62 , 75 stone 65 , 69 , 93 , 101 , 107 swellings cold 122 , 140 swelling to ripen 111 , 134 swellings 8 , 97 , 108 , 110 , 111 swellings hard 128 , 131 , 133 , 134 , 141 t. teeth to cleanse 157 tettars 94 , 114 , 116 thirst to quench 40 , 46 throat ulcered 45 tooth-ach 106 u. vapours 165 venery to provoke 63 ulcers sinnuous 119 ulcers old 149 ulcers to heal 24 , 94 , 100 , 102 , 106 , 112 , 113 ulcers of the lungs 39 , 45 , 48 , 58 , 59 , 89 , 16● u. ulcers of the mouth 40 ulcers of the yard 48 ulcers of the guts 89 ulcers in the bladder 105 , 171 , 186 ulcers to dry 112 , 114 ulcers to cleanse 112 ulcers to ease 112 , 114 ulcers of the head 112 ulcers to digest 113 ulcers pocky 114 vomiting to provoke 11 , 17 , 18 , 45 , 145 , 153 vomiting to stop 5 , 37 , 41 , 79 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 108 , w. a wash for the face 8 water to purge 28 , 72 , 76 , 172 whites to stop 24 , 86 , 89 wind to expel 7 , 11 , 13 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 62 , 70 , 75 , 107 , 108 , 126 , 128 womb to cleanse 126 womb diseases 3 , 82 womens delivery 105 womens obstructions 77 worms 25 , 126 , 151 wounds of the head 112 wounds to heal 24 , 98 , 116 roots . angelica asarabacca asparagus avens birthwort long , round . bistort briony white , black. bugloss burdock butterbur greater celandine china comfrey contrayerva sweet costus wild cucumber long cyperus dandelyon white dittany sharp pointed dock ground elder elecampane eringo fennel hogs fennel figwort . filipendula galingal garlick gentian ginger grass five leav'd grass restharrow hellebore white , black. hounds-tongue jalap kneeholm white lilly water lilly liquorice madder marsh-mallows masterwort mechoacan onions orris florentine orris parsly pellitory of spain periwinkle garden radish horse radish rubarb monks-rubarb rue sarsaparilla scabious scorzonera smallage virginian snakeweed solo●ons seal sorrel wood sorrel succory sow bread swallow-wort turbith turmerick valerian zedoary barks . ash barberry bullace tree roots of capers cinnamon citron elder ground elder elm fistichnuts frankincence guajacum lemon mace oake oranges peruvian pine pomegranate sassafras tamarisk winteran woods . aloes box guajacum lentiscinum nephritic rhodium sanders white , red , yellow . tamarisk flowers . white arch-angel balaustians betony borrage broom lesser centaury cammomile coltsfoo● cowslips elder st. john's-wort july-flowers lavender water lillies marigolds melilote mullein oranges peach male-peony red poppies primrose rosmary red roses saffron sage ●techas ●ans●e violets herbs , leaves ▪ and buds ▪ adders-tongue agrimony arsmart asarabacca avens balm basil bears breech be et betony borrage bramble broom brooklime bugules bugloss burdock burnet cabbage calamint cammomile camels hay carduus benedictus greater celandine centory ceterach chervil cleavers colts-foot costmary water cresses columbine cypress dandelion daisies dill dittany of creet dwarf elder feverfew fumatory germander goats-rue golden rod ground pine groundsei harts-tongue hedge hyssop hedge mustard hemlock hemp-agrimony henbane herb robert white horehound horse-tail hounds-tongue houseleek hypoglossum hyssop st. john's-wort ground ivy knotgrass ladies mantle ladies smock lavender lillie of the vallies lovage liverwort lung wort maidenhair mallows marjoram wild marjoram marshmallows meadowsweet mercury millefoil misleto monywort mouse eat mugwort mullein navelwort nep nepethe nettle oak of jerusalem parsly pellitory penny royal pepperwort periwinkle pimpernel primrose rosemary rue sage wild sage sanicle savine savory saxifrage scabious self-heal scordium scurvygrass senna shepherbs-purse sopewort southern-wood speedwel spikenard indian , celtic . strawberries succory tamarisk tansie tea thorowwax tobacco tormentil thyme wild thyme valerian vervein violets wormwood roman wormwood wood sorrel frvits . almonds bitter , sweet . anacardiums apples barberries cardamoms cassia winter cherries black cherries citrons citruls cloves coco nut coffee cubebs cup of acorns currants cypress-nuts dates elder berries figs fistich nuts galls hips jujubes juniper berries ivy berries kermes berries lawrel berries lemons myrtle berries myrobolans nutmegs oranges grains of paradise pepper white , long , pine nuts pomgranats white poppy heads prunes quinces raisins of the sun sebestens tamarinds red vetches wall-nuts seeds . anise angelica ash barly basil bishops weed burdock cardamoms carraways carduus chastree citrons columbine coriander water cresses cummin dill dwarf elder endive fennel sweet fennel fenugreek flax goards gromwel hemp henbane st john's-wort lettice lovage mallows marsmallows melons mustard nettles nigella parsnip male peony plantain white poppies psyllium purslain quince rice rocket red roses rue bastard saffron scurvygrass secely smallage gums . ammoniacum arabic asa faetida dragons blood galbanum ivy lac opopanax sagapenum sarcocolla tragacanth native resines . caranna colophony frankincense laricea tacamahacca turpentine cyprian , chios , venice . factitious resines . aloes guajacum got jalap pitch burgundy , ship , liquid . scammony gummy resines . bdellium camphir mastich myrrh storax calamit balsams giliad copaiha peruvian tolu concreted juices . acacia elaterium euphorbium liquorice hypocistis opium sugars . white red crystalline candied liquid juices kermes lemmons oranges oyl woodsorrel verjuice vinegar wine those things that grow on plants . agaric the cups of acorns dodder galls the spunge of the dog rose misleto animals . cantharides cochinel bees earthworms grashoppers pidgeons leches snails swallows toads vipers woodlice parts of animals their excrements , and things taken from them . the grease of ducks , geese , hens , mans ▪ album graecum . bezoar oriental , occidental the bone of a stags heart . butter cats blood . castor caul of a sheep civet crabs eyes cuttlebone dung of pidgeons , stone horse , goose , dogs , peacocks , cows . eggs of hens white , yelk , shells . ants . kites gaul elks hoof hartshorn honey common , virgins . hare down isinglass ivory liver of a wolf , of a frog . lungs of a fox , of a hare . milk of asses , cows , goats , womans . mummy musk swallows neast pikes jaw pearls man's skull fasting spittle suet beef , sheeps . spermaceti spiders web vipers flesh urine wax yellow , soft . whey sea simples . ambar greese ambar coralline coral white , red. spunge phisical earths bole armoniac chalk lime lemnian earth salts . roch alum sal armoniac common salt gemminae nitre tartar vitriol white , roman . phisical stones . calamaris hematitis judaic osteocolla metals . gold silver lead iron minerals cinnabar of antimony , factitious . quicksilver antimony native metallic recrements . misy sory factitious recrement of gold litharge . of silver factitious recrement of lead minium . factitious recrement of brass , pompholix . the five opening roots . smallage asparagus fennel parsly kneeholm the five emollient herbs . marsh-mallows mallows beet mercury violets the five capillary herbs . black maiden hair white maiden hair ceterach hartstongue black english maiden hair the four cordial flowers borrage bugloss roses violets the four greater hot carminative seeds . anise carraways cummin fennel the four lesser cold seeds . amomum bishops weed smallage daucus the four greater cold seeds . citruls cucumber cucurbites melons the four lesser cold seeds . endive lettice purslain succory common simple destilled waters . of the leaves of agrimony angelica balm bettony brooklime carduus benedictus the lesser centory celandine dragons endive fennel feverfew figwort fumatory goats rue grass hyssop ground ivy. lettice maries thistle meadow sweet mint mugwort night ▪ shade oak buds parsly pellitory penny-royal plantain purslain rosemary rue saxifrage scabious sorrel wood sorrel succory tormentil wormwood of the flowers of broom cammomile cowslips elder flowers water lillies lilly of the valleys lime flowers peony red poppies red roses damask roses of fruits . fragrant apples citrons elder berries black cherries oranges rasberries strawberries of parts of animals , and their excrements . cows dung spawn of frogs simple waters that are to be drawn after digestion . agrimony bettony celandine cowslips elderflowers fumatory ground ivy meadow sweet peony flowers rue saxifrage the london dispensatory . compound waters . magisterial water of alom , in latin aqua aluminosa magistralis . take of the waters of plantain and red roses , each one pound , of roch alum , and sublimat , ●ch two drams beat the alum and sublimat , and oil them together in a glass that has a narrow neck , ●ll half is consumed ; after it is clear by standing ve days , strain it , and keep it in a glass for use virtues . it cleanses old sores , eats down proud esh , it dries , and is astringent ; the part affected ●ing washed with it . note . when it is used to ulcers in the throat , it ●ust be mixed with water , and the patient must ●resently after gargle his mouth and throat with ●me cooling gargarism ; this water cures chancres ● admiration . compound spirit and water of angelica , in atin , spiritus & aqua angelicae magis comosita . take of the roots of angelica , of the leaves carduus benedictus , each six ounces , of balm ●d sage , each four ounces , of the seeds of ange●a , six ounces , of sweet fennel seeds , nine ounces , the dryed herbs and seeds gros●y poudred ; add of the species called aromatick rosat , and sweet diamosch , each an ounce and one half ; infuse them two days in sixteen quarts of spanish wine , and then distill them with a gentle fire ; add to every pint two ounces of sugar , dissolved in rose-water ▪ the first three pints are called spirits , the rest is the compound water . virtues . it is cordial and alexipharmick , and good in the plague ; it provokes sweat , and is good in malignant diseases . dose . one ounce or two ounces may be taken at a time . note . once for all , that compound waters ar● generally taken , mixed with simple waters , and syrups proper for the disease . bezoartick water , in latin aqua bezoartica take of the leaves of celendine the greater with the roots , three handfuls , of rue one handful , of scordium two handfuls of dittany of cree● , and of carduus benedictus , each one handful and an half ; of the roots of zedoary and angelica , each three drams , of the outward peel of citro● and lemon , each five drams , of july flowers , on● ounce and an half , of red roses and of the flowers of the lesser centaury , each two drams ; c● those things that are to be cut , and infuse them thre● days in spirit of wine and malago sack , each thre● pints and an half , of vinegar , of july flowers , and th● juice of lemons , each one pint , distil them in a bath , i● a glass vess●l , to the distilled liquor add cinamon thre drams , cloves two drams and an half , mithridate a● ounce and an half , venice treacle three ounces , camphor two scruples , troches of vipers half an ounce , mao two drams , wood of aloes one dram ▪ yellow sande● one dram and an half , of the seeds of carduus benedictus one ounce , of the seeds of citron three drams , infnse them two days , and distil them with a gentle fire twice or thrice , and draw half . virtues . this water isused to the same purposes as the former ; but is undoubtedly more effectual , it also clears the heart , and is good in melancholly . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time . compound briony water , in latin , aqua brioniae composita . take of the juice of the r●ot of briony , two quarts , of the leaves of rue and mugwort , each two pound , of savin three handfuls , of fever-few , catmint , and penny royal , each two handfuls , of garden basil , and dittany of creet , each an handful and an half , of the yellow peel of fresh oranges four ounces , of myrth two ounces , of castor an ounce , good canary six quarts , digest them four days , and then distil them in hot water , when you have drawn off half , strain what remains and evaporate it , to the consistence of an extract . virtues . it is frequently used for mother fits , and diseases of the womb , the extract is much better than the water , and doctor gideon harvey 's tincture of the ingredients is much more powerful then either , it is made in the following manner , take of dryed briony roots , beaten to a gross powder , two ounces of the leaves of rue , and dryed mugwort , each half a pound , of savin dryed , three quarters of an handful , of f●verfew , catmint , and penny royal dryed , each half an ●andful ; of the fresh yellow pee● of an orange , of myrrh , each half an ounce , of castor two drams , of the ●est nants brandy one quart ; put th●m into a glass , and let them infuse six days in warm ashes , then strain ●he liquor off , and keep it in a glass bottle well stopped . dose . an ounce or two of the water may be taken at a time , the extract is best taken in pills , or made up in a bolus , with some proper conserve that will make it more palatable , ten grains of the extract may be taken at a time ; a quarter of a spoonf●l of the tincture may be taken morning and evening , in penny royal water sweetned with sugar ▪ when it is used for womens obstructions , bleeding and purging must go before . the heavenly water , in latin , aqua caelestis . take of the best cinnamon one ounce , of ginge● half an ounce , of all the sanders each six drams , of cloves , galingal and nutmegs , each three drams , and an half , of mace and cubebs one dram , of both the cardamoms , each three drams , zedoary half an ounce , of the seeds of pepperwort , three drams , of anise , sweet fennel , and wild carrot and of garden basil , each one dram and an half , of the roots of angelica , avens , liquorice , lesser valerian , sweet smelling flag of the leaves of cla●y , thyme , calamint , penny royal , mint , wild thyme , marjoram , each two drams , of the flowers of red roses , sage , rosmary , betony , stechas , bugloss , and borrage , each one dram and an half ▪ of citron peel three drams ; beat those things that are to be beaten , and infuse them fifteen days in six quarts of spirit of wine , in a glass well stopt , the● distill them in hot water , then to the distilled wate● add of the species diambra , aromatick , rosat sweet diamosch , diamargarit frigid , diarrhodon a● batis of the electuary of gems , each three dram● of yellow sanders bruised two drams , of mosc● and ambergrease tyed up in a fine rag , eac● one scruple , of the clear julep of roses one pint , shake them well together , that the julep may be well mixed with the water , then put them up into a vessel close stopped with wax and parchment untill the water be clear . virtues . it is a good water for the head and stomach . dose . half an ounce may be taken at a time . cinnamon water , in latin , aqua cinnamomi . take of cinnamon bruised two ounces , of rectified spirit of wine a quart , infuse them four days in a large vessel stopped with a cork and bladder , shake it twice or thrice a day and dissolve a part , half a pound of sugar candy in a quart of rose water ; mingle both the liquors , and put to them half a scruple of ambergrease , and four grains of musk. virtues . it is an excellent s●omach water ; it is ●cordial , and is very proper to stop vomiting , and is good for the colick , gripes , and loosness . dose . a spoonful of it may be taken at a time . cinnamon water hordeated , in latin , aqua cinnamomi hordeata . take of pure barly water eight pints , of the best cinnamon twelve ounces , infuse and distil them in hot water . virtues . this water is used for the same intentions with the former , and is more proper than that , when the patient is weak , or an infant , or hath a fever . dose . three or four ounces of it may be taken at a time . epidemick water , in latin , aqua epidemica . take of the roots of angelica , masterwort , butterbur , peony , each a pound and an half , athamantick spignel , scorzonera ▪ each four ounces , of virginian snakeweed two ounces , of the leaves of rue , rosmary , balme , carduus benedictus , scordium , marygolds with the flowers , dragons , goats rue , mint , each four handfuls , pour upon all duly prepared ; four gallons of fountain water , and two gallons of brandy , and after having infused them three days in a gentle heat , distill off four gallons , wherein hang half an ounce of saffron tyed up in a rag , to each pint of this water add an ounce and an half of white sugar and strain it . virtues . this is peculiarly good for the plague , and other malignant distempers . dose . one ounce . gentian water , in latin , aqua gentianae composita . take of the roots of gentian sliced a pound and an half , of the leaves and flowers of the lesser centaury four ounces , infuse them in six quarts of good white wine for eight days , and then distill them in hot water . virtues . this is a good stomach water , and purifies the blood , it is proper in the dropsie and the jaundice , and other diseases which proceed from an ill habit of body . dose . two spoonfuls of it may be taken at a time . aqua lactis alexiteria . take of the leaves of meadow sweet , carduus benedictus , goats rue , each six handfuls , of mint and common wormwood , each five handfuls , of rue three handfuls , angelica two handfuls , bruise them and add three gallons of new milk , and distill them in a cold still . virtues . this water is commonly used as a simple water , for the making of cordials and juleps ; it is a gentle alexipharmick , and may be conveniently used with other proper things , to expell malignity and to prevent infection . dose . four or five ounces may be used of it a time . aqua mirabilis . take of cloves , galingal , cubebs , mace , cardamoms , nutmegs ▪ ginger , each one dram , of the juice of celendine half a pint , spirit of wine one pint , white wine three pints ; infuse them twenty four hours , and draw off a quart . virtues . it 's excellent for the stomach and expels wind ; but the apothecaries use it more for entertainment of their friends then for the sick , therefore they ought to be careful not to take too great a dose of it . peony water , in latin , aqua paeoniae composita . take of the fresh flowers of lilly of the vallies one pound ▪ infuse them in four gallons of spanish wine ; take of lime how●●● half a pound , peony flowers four ounces , infuse them two days , and then distill them in hot water until the ingredients are dry , in the distilled liquor infuse two ounces and an half of male peony root , gathered in due season , of white dittany root , and of the root of longbirthwort , each half an ounce , of the misteto of the oak , of rue , each two handfuls of castor two scruples , of cubebs and mace , each two drams ▪ of cinamon an ounce and an half , squills prepared three drams , of the flowers of rosemary six pugils , of arabian stechas , of lavender flowers , each four pugils , of the flowers of bettony , july flowers , and couslips , each eight pugils , then adding two quarts of the juice of ●back cherries distil all in a glass vessel as above . virtues . this is a head water , and is used for a● the diseases of it , as apoplexies , lethargies , head-aches ▪ giddiness and the like , it is also good for con●ulsions ▪ and the palsy . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time . queen of hungarys water , in latin , aqua reginae hungariae . fill a glass or earthen cucurbit half full of rosmary flowers , gathered when they are at best , pour upon them a sufficient quantity of spirit of wine , so infuse them , set the cucurbit in a bath , and joyning its head and receiver , lute close the junctures and give it a digesting fire for three days ; after which unlute them , and pour into the cucurbit that which may have been distilled , refit your limbeck and increase the fire , so as to make the liquor distil drop by drop ; when you have drawn about two thirds of it , put out the fire , and unlute them , and put the water so distilled into a viol well stopped . virtues . it is good in ●●a●●●e , lethargie , apoplexy , and for h●●●●●ick diseases ; it is likewise used outwards for burns , tumors , cold , pains , contusions , palsie , and in all other cases , wherein it is requisite to revive the spirits , ladies use to mix half an ounce of it with six ounces of lilly water , or bean-flower-water , and wash their faces with it . dose . a dram or two drams may be taken of it , in some convenient liquor . horse radish water , in latin , aqua raphani composita . take of the leaves of both the scurvy-grasses gathered in the spring and cleansed , each six pound , bruise them and press out the juice , whereunto add of the juice of watercresses , and brook lime , each a pint and an half , of white wine four quarts , welve lemons sliced , of fresh briony roots four ●ound , of horse radish roots two pound , of wakobin root half an ounce , of winteran ba●k , and ●utmegs each four ounces , infuse them three days , nd then distill them in hot water . vertues . this water is proper for the scurvy , and force vrine . dose . two ounces of it may be taken at a time . saxony water , in latin , aqua saxoniae cordialis . take of the juice of borrage , bugloss , bistort , ●aulm , tormentile , scordium , vervain , sharp pointd dock , sorrel , goats rue , chervil the greater ●d lesser , blew-bottle , roses , marygolds , lemons , ●itrons , each six ounces , burnet , cinquefoyl , each ●ree onnces , white wine vinegar a pint , of the seeds ● purslain , of the flowersof water lilly , each two ●nces , of the flowers of borrage , bugloss , violets , ●d july-flowers , each one ounce , of the species of ●e three sanders six drams , infuse them all rightly ●epared three days ; then distill them in glass ves●s in hot water , add to the distilled liquor three ●ams of pearls finely powdered , mix them well ●d keep them for use . virtues . this is a good coolng water , fit to be used feavers . dose . you may take two or three ounces at a ●e . scordium water , in latin , aqua scordii composita . take of the clarified juice of g●ats rue , sorrel , ordium , and citron , each a pint , of london trea● two ounces ▪ infuse them three days , and distil them in a glass limbeck in hot water . virtues . this is chiefly designed to expel malignity , and may be well mixed upon such occasions with the bezoartick water or epidemick water or th● like . dose . is two ounces . snail water , in latin , aqua limacum magistralis . take of the juice of ground-ivy , colts-foot ▪ scabious , and spotted lungwort , each a pint and a● half , of the juice of plantain , purslain , capadocian oak , speedwell , each a pint , of fresh hogs bloo● and of white wine each two quarts , of garden snails cut two pints , of roots of liquorice poudered two ounces , of the roots of elecampane ha● an ounce , of florentine orris one ounce , of coton seed● an ounce and an half , of the greater cold seeds , and of anise-seeds , each six drams , of saffron one dram , of the flowers of red roses six pugils , of violets , ando● borrage flowers , each four pugils ; infuse them warm three days , and then distil them in a glass limbec● in hot water . virtues . it is used for consumptions and othe diseases of the lungs , and to help expectoration . dose . two ounces may be taken at a time . doctor stephan's water , in latin , aqu● doctoris stephani . take of cinnamon , ginger , galingal , clove● nutmegs , grain of paradice , seeds of anise , fennel , caraways , each three drams , leaves of thyme and wild thyme , mint , sage , pennyroyal , pellitory , rosmary , flowers of red roses , camomil , wil marjoram , lavender , each one handful , steep the● in six quarts of gascoign wine for the space of a day , then distill them in hot water . virtues . it is very good for the stomach , and expels wind . dose . an ounce or two may be taken at a time treacle water , in latin , aqua theriacalis . take of the juice of the green shells of walnuts two quarts , juice of rue three pints , of carduus benedictus , marygolds , and baulm , each two pints , of the fresh roots of butterbur a pound and an half , of burdok one pound , of angelica and masterwort , each half a pound , of the leaves of scordium four handfuls , of old venice treacle and mithridate , each eight ounces , of good canary wine six quarts , of the sharpest vinegar six pints , of the clarified juice of lemons a quart ; digest them two days in warm water , the vessel being well stopt , then distill it , of what remains may be prepared the extract of treacle . virtues . this water is much used to provoke sweat , and to expel malignity . dose . an ounce or two ounces may be taken at a time . compound water of walnuts , in latin , aqua juglandium composita . take of the green shells of walnuts one pound and an half , of the roots of garden radishes one pound , of the green leaves of asarabacca six ounces , of the seeds of radishes four ounces , bruise them and pour upon them three pints of white-wine vinegar , digest them three days , and distill them in glass vessels in hot water . virtues . two spoonfuls of this water will vomit . water of worms , in latin , aqua & spiritus lumbricorum magistralis . take of worms well cleansed three pints , of snails with the shells well cleansed two gallons , bruise them in a morter , and put them into a convenient vessel , and add to them of the leaves of stinking nettles with the roots six handfuls , of wild angelica four handfuls , of bears breech seven handfuls , of agrimony and betony three handfuls , of rue one handful , of common wormwood two handfuls , of the flowers of rosmary six ounces , of the roots of sharp pointed dock ten ounces , of wood-sorrel five ounces , of turmerick , and the inward bark of the barberry tree , each four ounces , of the seeds of fenugreek two ounces , of cloves poudered three ounces , of harts-horn and ivory , each four ounces , of saffron three drams , of small spirit of wine four gallons and an half , infuse them twenty four hours and distil them in glass vessels in hot water , the first four pints are called spirit , the rest magisterial water of worms . virtues . it is good for consumptions , good for the jaundice and scurvy . dose . half an ounce of the spirit may be taken at a time , or one ounce of the water . spirit and water of wormwood compound , in latin , spiritus & aqua absynthii composita . take of the leaves of dry wormwood two pound , of anise-seeds half a pound , infuse them in six gallons of small spirit of wine twenty four hours ; then distill them in hot water , and draw four gallons ; add to each pint of the liquor distilled two ounces of fine sugar ; the first quart is spirits , the rest compound water of wormwood ; by the same way without anise-seeds may be drawn the spirit and water of angelica , baulm , mint , sage , of the flowers of rosemary , july-flowers , of the seed of carraways , of juniper-berries , of the barks of oranges , citrons and lemons . virtues . this is a good stomach water , expels wind , and helps concoction , and is good in the dropsie . dose . a spoonful of the spirit may be taken at a time , and two spoonfuls of the water . tinctures . tincture of ambar . reduce into animpalpable powder five or six ounces of yellow ambar , put it into a bolt head , pour upon it spirit of wine , the height of four fingers , stop this bolt head with another , to make a double vessel , and having exactly luted the junctures with a wet bladder , place it in digestion in hot sand , and leave it there five or six days , or until the spirit of wine is sufficiently tinged with the ambar colour ; decant this tincture , and put more spirit of wine to the matter , you must digest it as before , then having separated the impregnation , mix it with the other , filtrate them , and distil from them in an alembick with a very little fire , about half the spirit of wine , which may serve you as before , keep the tincture that you will find at the bottom of the alembick , in a viol well stopt . virtues . it is good for the apoplexy , palsy , epilepsy , and for histerical women . dose . you may take from ten drops to a dram in some proper liquor . tincture of antimony , in latin , tincture antimonii . take of the best antimony , of salt of tartar , each what quantity you please , melt them in a crucible red hot for the space of half an hour , then the matter being taken out , and freed from its feces whilst it is hot , reduce it into a powder , whereupon pour the best spirit of wine , so much as may cover it the breadth of three or four fingers ; digest them together some time till the tincture is extracted , then evapourate the superfluous part of the spirit of wine . virtue . it opens obstructions of the liver and spleen , it forces the courses , cures the green sickness , the jaundice and dropsy . dose . eight or ten drops of it may be taken at a time in sack. tincture of castor , in latin , tinctura castorei . take of castor powdered half an ounce , of spirit of castor half a pint , digest them together in the cold for ten days , strain it and keep it for use . virtues . it is good for mother fits , and diseases of the head and nerves , it provokes the courses , and is good for deafness . dose . ten drops of it may be taken inwardly at a time in some proper liquor . tincture of roses , in latin , tinctura rosarum . take of red roses dryed one ounce , of warm water three pints , of spirit of sulphur or vitriol one dram and an half , infuse them six hours ; to the strained liquor add half a pound of white sugar . virtues . it is good for a rheumatism and the like . dose . a draught of it may be taken twice or thrice a day . tinctura sacra . take of the species of hiera picra one ounce , of canary sack one pint ; infuse them in the cold for the space of a week , shaking the glass twice or thrice a day , then let it stand until it is clear . virtues . it cleanses and strengthens the stomach , opens obstructions of the liver and spleen , it is good for the jaundice , dropsy an ill habit of body , and for obstructions of the courses , and an asthma . dose . three or four spoonfuls , more or less according to the age and constitution of the patient , may be taken at a time in a morning fasting . tincture of saffron , in latin , tinctura croci . take of saffron two drams , of treacle water eight ounces , digest them six days , and strain out the tincture , and keep it close stopped for use . virtues . it chears the heart , concocts crude humours of the breast , it is good for the jaundice , for the plague , and other malignant diseases , it is much used to drive out the small pox ; but undoubtedly it does many times much hurt , by inflaming the blood and occasioning frensies , and making them flux . dose . half an ounce of this tincture may be taken at a time in any proper liquor . tincture of sulphur , in latin , tinctura sulphuris . take four ounces of flowers of sulphur , put them into an earthen pan , melt them gently , when they are melted , add four ounces of salt of tartar , stir it about till it is very red , then let it cool , powder it , and put upon it a quart of water , let it stand over a very gentle heat , to extract the salt of tartar from the sulphur , then decant the water , and put the sulphur into a bolt head , pour upon it a pint of canary sack ; place it upon a gentle heat for the space of twenty four hours ; this is doctor willis's tincture of sulphur , whereof his syrup is made in the following manner ; pour the tincture above-mentioned into an earthen pan , and with a pound of white sugar boil it to the consistence of a syrup . virtues . this is an excellent medicine for coughs that forerun a consumption , and for consumptions too , if no feaver accompanies them . dose . a spoonful of this syrup may be taken twice or thrice a day , either by it self or mixed with any proper liquor . tincture of salt of tartar , in latin , tinctura salis tartari . take of fine salt of tartar twenty ounces , melt it in a crucible in a great fire , and when it is in fusion cover it with a tyle and put coals round it ; blow about it so as to raise a greater heat than if you were melting gold ; continue this degree ▪ of fire about six hours , or until the salt of tartar is of a red marble colour , which you may know by thrusting the end of a spatula into the crucible , for when it is drawn out you may look upon a little matter that is stuck to it , then take out the crucible with a pair of tongs , and turn it upside-down into a warm morter , the matter will coagulate in a little time , powder it presently , and put it into a matrass warmed before hand , pour upon it spirit of wine tartarized , ●til it swims four fingers above the matter , stop ●e matrass with another to make a double vessel , ●te the junctures close with wet blader , set your ●atrass in sand , and heat it with a gradual fire , to ●ake the spirit of wine boyl seven or eight hours , ●uring which time it will assume a red colour , af●r that let the vessels cool and unlute them ; sepa●te by inclination this most fragrant tincture , and ●eep it in a viol well stopped ; you may pour more ●irit of wine on the remaining salt of tartar , and ●roceed as before , as long as it will draw out any ●incture . virtues . it opens obstructions , purifies the blood , ●nd resists malignity , and is used in the scurvy . dose . it may be taken from ten to thirty drops , ● some convenient liquor . medicated wines . blessed wine , in latin , vinum benedictum . take of crocus metallorum powdered one ounce , ●f mace one dram , of spanish wine a pint and an half , ●fuse them . virtues . this is an excellent vomit , and more ●requently used then any other : this and some other ●omits are used with great success , in curing the drop●e , the jaundice , the pthisick , and diseases of the head : ●hey are often used at the beginning of feavers , and ●efore the small pox come out , and certainly do a great ●eal of good by evacuating part of the peccant humour . dose . half an ounce , an ounce , an ounce and an ●alf may be given at a time , according to the age and rength of the patient . note . vomits are not to be given to those that ●ave a weakness or defluctions on the eyes , to such ●s are long necked , to ancient people , or such as have ruptures , or to women that are subject to v●pours : they are best taken in an afternoon abo● four hours after a light dinner , the patient must dri● large draughts of posset drink every time they wor● if bleeding be thought necessary , or if blood aboun● it will be convenient to bleed before giving a vom● if it works beyond measure , the patient must b● put to bed , and two scruples of venice treac● must be given him , or the following mixture ; tak● of mint water one ounce , of strong cinnamon w●ter two drams , of liquid laudanum sixteen drop● syrup of quinces half an ounce , mingle them but when there is an inclination to vomiting , whe● no vomit hath been used , the following mixtu● generally takes it off : take salt of wormwoo● one scr●ple , in a spoonful of fresh juice of lemo● add to it twenty drops of t●●cture of cinn●mo● this must be taken every third hour till the vomi●ing ceases . wine of squils , in latin , vinum scilliticum take of the roots of white mountain squills , gathered about the rising of the dog star , slice them and lay them a drying for a month . put a pound o● them into a glass , and pour on them four quarts o● old french white-wine , infuse them forty days , an● then take out the squills . virtues . it is a gentle vomit , but is rarely used b● it self , but most commonly with the above mentione● blessed wine . dose . an ounce of it may be taken with half a● ounce of the wine above . steel wine , in latin , vinum chalybeatum . take of prepared steel one ounce , of saffro● powdered and tyed up in a rag eight grains , of white ●ne a quart , infuse them in the cold three or four ●ys , shake the vessel often , strain it and keep it for ●e . virtues . this steel wine and steel medicines in ●neral , are used in cachexies or ill habits of body , ● dropsies , obstructions , scurvy , hypochondraick me●cholly , and all histerick diseases , and in many other ●ses . dose . two or three ounces of this wine may be ●ken morning and evening . note . steel medicines must be taken constantly ●r a long while , and in most cases the patient must ●ercise himself often . the learned doctor lower ●equently prescribed steel courses for six or nine ●onths ; but there are some sort of constitutions at can by no means bear steel medicines , there●re they must not be obstinately insisted upon , where ere is such a reluctancy in nature , though most at take them find at first some disorder in their boes . before any one enters upon a steel course ●ey must be well purged , but whilst he is in the ●urse , purging is not allowed , only care must be ken , that the body be not too much bound up . wormwood wine , in latin , vinum absynthites . take of dryed wormwood one handful , to each ●llon of wine , stop it well up in a vessel , and let remain in infusion ; the same way rosmary flow● wine , and eyebright wine may be made . virtues . wormwood wine is used to strengthen the ●mach , to procure an appetite , and for a dropsy . note . this wine and wormwood beer , are better the cases above mentioned , then any other prepara●on of wormwood . medicated vinegars , in latin , aceta m●dicata . distilled vinegar , in latin , acetum dist●latum . put six quarts of strong vinegar into an earth● pan , evaporate about a quart in a bath , which is th phlegmatick part , and pour that which remains i● to a glass or earthen cucurbit , and distil it in a stron sand heat , until there remains nothing at botto● but a substance like honey , keep this vinegar w● stopt , some call it spirit of vinegar . virtues its principal use is to dissolve or precipitate bodies , it is sometimes mixed in cordial potion to resist putrefaction , it is mixed with water , this ● called oxycrate , which is used to stop hemorrhagies , a● being outwardly applyed it asswages inflamations . dose . half a spoonful of it may be taken at ● time in some proper liquor . rose vinegar , in latin , acetum rosaceum take of red roses before they are full blow● the white being cut off , one pound , they must b● dryed in the sun , add to them six quarts of vinegar ▪ set them in the sun for the space of forty days , the● strain the vinegar , repeat the infusion with fresh roses ; after the same manner is made vinegar of e●derflowers , rosmary flowers , and clove gilly flowers note . that these vinegars are prescribed fo● sauces , according to the various diseases of the sick as vinegar of rosmary flowers , for instance in diseases of the head and the like . treacle vinegar , in latin , acetum theriacale norimberg . take of the roots of the greater celandine one nce and an half , of the roots of angelica , masterort , gentian , bistort , valerian , burnet , white dit●y , elecampane , zedoary , each one dram , of the ot of the greater plantain one dram and an half , the leaves of mousear , sage , scabious , scordium , ittany of creet , of blessed thistle , each half an ndful , of the bark and seeds of citron , each one am and an half , of bole armonick one dram , of ●ffron three drams , of hartshorn one dram and an ●if , of these let the saffron , hartshorn , dittany ●d bole be tyed up in a rag , and infused with the her ingredients for many days , in five pints of the arpest vinegar ; you must infuse them in a glass ell stopped in a moderate heat , strain out the viegar , and dissolve in it six drams of the best treae , shake it often and keep it for use . virtues . this is proper to be used in the plague me and against malignity , and to prevent infection . dose . half a spoonful of it may be taken at a ●ne , in some proper liquor . decoctions . common decoction for a glyster , in latin , decoctum commune pro clystere . take of the leaves of mallows , violets , pellito● , beet , mercury , each one handful , of the flow●s of camomel two pugils , of sweet fennel seeds alf an ounce , of linseed two drams , boil them in sufficient quantity of water to a pint . virtues . this is used in general to empty the bowels , but it will not work well , unless you add to it quarter of a pound of brown sugar . decoction of dodder , in latin , decoct● epithymi . take of myrobalans , called chebulae and in of each half an ounce , of arabian staechas , raisins of the sun stoned , of dodder , of thy● and senna , each an ounce , of fumitory half ounce , of hemp agrimony five drams , of the ro● of polypody of the oak six drams , of turbith h● an ounce , of whey made of goats or cows m● two quarts , boyl all but the dodder to a quart , the add the dodder , and make it just ready to bo● after , then take it from the fire , and add of the roo of black hellebore a dram and an half , of agari● half a dram , of sal gemma a dram and an half , i● fuse them ten hours and press it out strongly . virtues . this is a proper purge for mad or mela●cholly people . dose . four ounces of it may be taken at a tim bitter decoction , in latin , decoctum ● marum . take of the tops of the lesser centaury , of th flowers of camomel each one pugil , of the roo of gentian half a scruple , of the leaves of sen● cleansed , and of carduus benedictus seeds each o● dram , boyl them in a sufficient quantity of fountai water to four ounces . virtues . this is much used to strengthen the st●mach and to purifie the blood . dose . four ounces of it may be taken for sever mornings together . note . ten grains of salt of wormwood is comonly added to this decoction , and thereby it s made ear , and more agreeable to the stomach . decoctum sennae gereonis . take of the leaves of senna two ounces , of the oots of polypody of the oak half an ounce , of inger one dram , of raisins of the sun stoned two ●nces , of sebestens and damask pruns , each num●r twelve , of the flowers of borrage , violets , red oses , rosmary , each two drams , boil them in two ●arts of fountain water till half is consumed . virtues . this is used as a common decoction for ●rging potions . dose . four ounces of it may be taken at a time , ut to make it work well you must add some purg●g syrup , viz. an ounce of syrup of roses soluve , buckthorn or the like . the pectoral decoction , in latin , decoctum pectorale . take of raisins of the sun stoned one ounce , f sebestins and jujubes , each number fifteen , of ●ates number six , of fat figs number eight ; of barly ●eansed one ounce , of liquorice half an ounce , of ●e leaves of maidenhair , hysop , scabious , colts●ot , each one handful , boil them in three pints of ountain water to the consumption of a third part . virtues . this is good for diseases of the breast , and elps expectoration . dose . a quarter of a pint of it may be taken ●orning and evening . the wound decoction , in latin , decoctum traumaticum . take of white and pithy sarsaparilla an ounce and a half of the roots of china one ounce , of th● roots of fennel , of the tender roots of burdock ne● tles , rhapontick , comfry , liquorice , avens , ea● six drams , of long birthwort half an ounce , o● white dittany two drams , of the leaves of bettony , st. john's wort , agrimony , rib'd plantai● ground ivy , bugles , wintergreen , sanicle , each ha● a handful of raisins of the sun stoned one ounc● of the seeds of anise , coriander , and nettles , ea● two drams , of juniper berries one dram , of har● horn and ivory rasped five drams , boil them in sufficient quantity of water to a quart ; strain it a● add four ounces of good white-wine , of clarifie● hony and white sugar candy , each a pound . virtues . this is of excellent use for healing wound ulcers and fistulas , both inward and outward ; it also good to stop spitting of blood , a gonorrhea , and th● whites . dose . four ounces of it may be taken twice o● thrice a day . decoction of the woods , in latin , decoctu● ex lignis . take of the roots of sarsa-parrilla four ounce● of gujacum three ounces , of the bark of the sam● two ounces , of sassafras one ounce and an half , o● the roots of burdock , and butterbur , each two ou●ces and an half , of rhodium wood , and yello● sanders , each one ounce , of carduus seeds , an● fresh juniper berries , each six drams , of the ou●er bark of dryed citron two drams , infuse them ● who le night in six quarts of fountain water , the● boil half away . virtues . this diet drink is good for the frenc● pox , kings-evil , for rheums and coughs . d●se . half a pint of it may be taken four times ● day for the space of a month , but the sick must ●urge once a week . the white decoction , in latin , decoctum album . take of calcined hartshorn powdered two oun●es , of fountain water two quarts , boil it till half ●s consumed , strain it gently through a linnen rag , ●nd add to it three ounces of syrup of oranges . virtues . it 's an excellent drink against the worms ●n children , for a loosness and for feavers . syrups . syrup of rubarb , in latin , syrupus rhabarbaro . take of the best rhubarb , of the leaves of sen●a , each two ounces and an half , of the flowers of ●iolets one handful , of cinnamon a dram and an ●alf , of ginger half a dram , of the waters of bet●ny , succory , and bugloss , each a pint and an half , ●t them be mixed together warm all night , and in ●e morning strained and boyled to a syrup , with ●o pound of fine sugar ; add at last four ounces 〈◊〉 syrup of roses solutive . virtues . it is a very gentle purge , proper for chil●en , and weakly people . dose . one ounce , or an ounce and an half may ●e taken at a time . syrup of succory with rhubarb , in latin , syrupus e cichoreo cum rhabarbaro . take of whole barly , of the roots of smalage , ●nnel , and asparagus , each two ounces , of the herbs succory , dandelyon , endive , smooth sow thistles , each two handfuls , garden lettice , liverwort , fumitory , of the tops of hops , each one handful , of maidenhair , white and black ceterach liquorice , of the seeds of winter cherries , and dodder , each six drams , boyl them in six quarts of fountain water , till two quarts is consumed , in the strained liquor dilute and boyl six pound of white sugar , add towards the end six ounces of rhubarb and six drams of spicknard , tyed together in a rag which must be infused in hot liquor , and often pressed out , and so make a syrup . virtues . it is a good cooling gentle purge , a●● chiefly used for children . dose . dose an ounce , or an ounce and an hal● or two ounces may be given at a time . syrup of dodder , in latin syrupus de ep●thimo . take of dodder of thym twenty drams , of myrobalans , citron , and indian , each fifteen drams , embelick and bellerick mirobalans , of the roots polypody liquorish , agarick of the herbs thy● calamint , bugloss , stechas , each six drams , dodder , fumitory , each ten drams , of red ro● sweet ▪ fennel seeds ▪ and anise seeds , each two dra● and an half , of sweet pruns ten pair , raisins of 〈◊〉 sun stoned four ounces , of tamarinds two oun●● and an half , after having infused them twenty fo●● hours in ten pints of fountain water ; boyl to 〈◊〉 consumption of four pints ; then take it from 〈◊〉 fire , and strain it ; add to it five pound of fine sug● and make a syrup . vertues . it is a proper purge for melancholy 〈◊〉 ple. dose . an ounce and an half , or two ounces of it may be taken at a time . magisterial syrup of apples , in latin , syrupus de pomis magistralis . take of the juice and water of fragrant apples , each one pint and an half , of the juice and water of borrage and bugloss , each nine ounces , of the leaves of oriental senna cleansed , half a pound , of the ●eeds of anise and sweet fennel , each three drams , of dodder , of thym of creet , two ounces , of the whitest agarick , and of the best rhubarb , each half an ounce , of ginger and mace , each four scruples , of cinnamon two scruples , of saffron half a dram , infuse the rhubarb and cinnamon apart by themselves in white wine , and the juice of apples each two ounces , infuse the rest , except the saffron , in the waters above mentioned ; the day after pour on the juices , which being boyled , scummed , and strained , boyl it to a syrup , with four pound of white sugar , dipping now and then the saffron in it , being tyed up in a rag , and pressing it out again . lastly , add ●he iufusion of rhubarb , and let it boil gently again to make a syrup . virtues . it is a proper purging syrup for melancholly people . dose . an ounce or two of it may be taken at a ●ime , in some proper purging decoction . syrup of buckthorn , in latin , syrupus de rhamno cathartico . take of the juice of ripe and fresh buckthorn ●erries , gathered in september , a quart , let it be cla●ified by standing ; then add of cinnamon and nut●egs , each three drams ; infuse them in hot water for the space of a day ; then press out hard , and with a pound and an half of white sugar make a syrup . virtues . this syrup purges strongly watry humours , and therefore is good for dropsies and the like . dose . an ounce , an ounce and an half , or two ounces may be taken at a time , but it is most commonly mixed with some purging potion . and then it works most kindly . syrup of peach flowers , in latin , syrupus florum mali persici . take of fresh peach flowers one pound , infuse them a whole day in three pints of warm water ▪ then press them out , add fresh flowers to the same liquor and proceed as before five times ; then strain it , and add two pound and an half of the best sugar , and boyl it to a syrup in hot water . virtues . it is a gentle purge for children . dose . an ounce , or an ounce and an half may be taken at a time . syrup of roses solutive , in latin , syrupus rosarum solutivus . take of boyling fountain water , two quarts , pu● into it as many fresh damask roses , as it will contain , let them infuse twelve hours in a close vessel then press them out hard , and in the liquor heate● as before , infuse the same quantity of fresh flowers do so three or four times , increasing the quantity o● the fresh roses , according to the increase of the liquor , which is every time a third part more than ● was before ; then add four parts of white sugar ● six parts of this liquor , and make a syrup in h● water . virtues . it is a gentle , cooling , and purging syrup , and is commonly used with purging potions . dose . an ounce and an half or two ounces , may be taken at a time . altering syrups . syrup of ammoniacum . take of maudlin and ceterach , each four handfuls , of common wormwood one ounce , of the roots of succory and asparagus ▪ and of the bark of roots of cappers each two ounces , make an infusion of them for twenty four hours in three ounces of white wine , and of simple radish water , and fumitory water , each a quart ; boyl them to a pint and an half , let the strained liquor stand until it clears , dissolve a part in four ounces of the strained liquor warm , two ounces of gumm ammoniacum , dissolved first in the sharpest white wine vinegar ; boil the rest to a syrup , with a pound and an half of fine sugar , adding the dissolution of the gumm towards the end . virtues . this syrup opens obstructions , and is good for diseases of the skin . dose . an ounce of it , or somewhat more may be taken at a time . balsamick syrup , in latin , syrupus balsamicus . take of balsam of tolu two ounces , barly water a pint , boil them over a gentle fire till the barly water smells strong of the balsam , then add a pound of fine sugar and make a syrup . virtues . this is good for coughs , hectick feavers , and consumptions . dose . a spoonful or two may be taken of it morning and evening . simple byzantin syrup , in latin , syrupus byzantinus simplex . take of the juice of the leaves of endive and smallage , each a quart , of hops and bugloss , each one pint , let them boil together , take off the froth and clarifie them with the white of an egg ; add two pounds and an half of white sugar , to two quarts of the liquor , make a syrup by boiling i● gently . virtues . it opens obstructions , and is good for the dropsy , and green-sickness . dose . an ounce , or an ounce and an half may be taken at a time . syrup of the juice of citrons , in latin , syrupus e succo citri . take of the juice of citrons strained and clarified by standing , one pint , white sugar clarified and boiled to the consistence of tablets two pound make a syrup by boiling it up once or twice . thi● way are made other acid syrups , as of oranges barberies , quinces , lemons , and wood sorre● mulberries , and the like . virtues . it expels malignity , is good in feave●● and strengthens the stomach . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time . syrup of citron peel , in latin , syrupus co●ticum citriorum . take of yellow , ripe , and fresh citron pee● five ounces ▪ of chermes berries , or their juice brougt over to us , two drams , of fountain water thr● pints , infuse them a night in a bath , strain them and with two pound and an half of white suga● boil them to a syrup in a bath , keep the one half without musk , persume the other half with three grains of musk tied up in a rag . virtues . it resists poyson , is cordial and good for the head and stomach . dose . one ounce , or an ounce and an half may be taken at a time . simple syrup of coral , in latin , syrupus e coraliis simplex . take of the reddest coral finely powdred four ounces , dissolve it with the heat of a bath , in a pint of the juice of barberries clarified , it must be put into a matrass well stopped , and having digested it three or four days , pour off that which is dissolved , and pour on more juice as before , and so proceed till all the coral is dissolved , add a pound and an half of sugar to one pint of this juice , and boil it gently to a syrup . virtues . it cools and refreshes the spirits , and is good in hectick feavers , and for all sorts of fluxes . dose . half an ounce of it may be taken at a time . syrup of cup moss , in latin , syrupus musci pyxidati . take of cup moss one ounce , boil it in a quart of hysop water till half is consumed ; then strain it , and make a syrup with a pound of sugar candy . virtue . this is reckoned a specifick for the hooping or chincough . dose . a spoonful of it may be taken twice or thrice a day . diac●dium . take fourteen ounces of the heads of white poppeys well dryed , in●u●e them twenty four hours i● eight pin●s of fountain water , boil them well , th●● press them out , and put a pound and an half of sugar to the liquor , then boil it to a sy●up . virtues . this syrup eases pain , stops tickling cough● ▪ and is in general a good anodyn medicine , and much i● use . dose . half an ounce , an ounce , and an ounc● and an half may be given at a time in some prope● liquor . note . that such medicines as are of an opiat nature ought not to be given to such as are weak , o● whose lungs are much obstructed , or at the beginnin● of feavers , or plurisies , or the like ; they succeed bes● when evacuation by vomiting or purging hath wen● before . women that are subject to vapours , or me● that are hypcchondriack , must be sure to lye long i● bed the next day after taking an opiat , for otherwise their heads will be much disturbed when the● rise . compound syrup of elder berries , in latin , syrupus sambucinus compositus . take of ripe elder-berries freed from the stalk● two pound , of corinthian currants cleansed and cu● one pound , of the dryed flowers of borrage , bugloss , violets , and red roses , each half an ounce , red wine a quart , bake them in an oven , and to the clear liquor strained , add as much fine sugar as will equal it in weight and boil it to a syrup . virtues . this syrup is alexipharmick , and sudorifick , is good in dropsies , for the scurvy , and heat of vrine . dose . a spoonful of it may be taken in ale or beer ●r any other proper liquor , every morning for the ●pace of one month . syrup of groundpine , in latin , syrupus chamaepityos . take of the herbs , groundpine two handfuls , marjoram , sage , rosmary , poly-mountain , wild marjoram , calaminth , hors-mint , penny-royal , hysop , thym , of garden and wild rue , of bet●ony wild thym , each one handful , of the roots of ●weet smelling flag , birthwort , long and round bryony , white dittany , gentian , hogs-fennel , va●erian , each half an ounce , of smallage , asparagus , fennel , parsly , butchers broom , each one ounce , pellitory of spain , half an ounce , of ste●has , of the seeds of anise , bishops weed , carrawa●s , fennel , lovage , sesely , each three drams , of raisins of the sun stoned two ounces , after their ●eing digested twenty four hours in five quarts of ●ountain water warm , distil off five pints , then ●ressing out the feces hard , let a sufficient quantity of the clear liquor be boiled with two pound of the best honey , and two pound of fine sugar , to the consistence of tablets , then adding the distilled water make a syrup in a bath , and arromatize it with half a scruple of oyl of cinnamon , and of nu●megs . virtues . this syrup is used for the gout , and dis●ases of the nerves . dose . half an ounce or an ounce of it may be taken in some proper liquor . syrup of white horehound , in latin , syrupus de prasio . take of the fresh leaves of white horehound two ounces , of the roots of liquorice , polypod of the oak , smalage and fennel , each half an oun● of the leaves of white maidenhair , wild marjora● hyssop , calaminth , thyme , scabious , savory , colt● foot , each six drams , of anise-seeds and quint seeds t●ed up in a rag , each three drams , of raisins of the su● stoned two ounces , of fat figs number ten ; havin● digested them a whole day in four quarts of ho● small mead ; boil them in a bath , press them o●● hard , and to five pints of the clear liquor , add ● clarified honey , and white sugar clarified , each tw● pound , of the roots of florentin orris one ounc● boil it to a syrup in a bath . virtues . it is an excellent medicine for diseases ● the lungs , and helps expectoration . dose . a spoonful of it may be taken three o● four times a day . syrup of gillyflowers , in latin , syrupus florum tunices . take of fragrant gillyflowers , the white being cut off , one pound , pour on them a quart of spring water , and let them stand all night , then strain the liquor , and being gently warmed , dissolve therein four pounds of the whitest sugar , and make a syrup without boiling . virtues . it is cephalick and cordial . dose . half a spoonful of it may be taken at ● time in some proper liquor . syrup of liquorice , in latin , syrupus glycyrrhizae . take of green liquorice cleansed and bruised two ounces , of white maidenhair one ounce , of hyssop half an ounce , pour on them three pints of hot fountain water , let them stand in infusion twenty four hours , strain it and clarify it , and with the best honey and fine sugar each ten ounces , make a syrup . virtues . it is used for diseases of the lungs , and helps expectoration . dose . a spoonful of it may be taken twice or thrice a day . syrup of maidenhair , in latin , syrupus capillorum veneris . take of maidenhair five ounces , of liquorice two ounces , infuse them a natural day in three quarts of warm fountain water , then boil them gently in a bath , press them out , to two quarts of the strained liquor , add three pound of clarified sugar . virtues . it opens obstructions of the lungs , and is good for pains in the side , or in the kidneys or bladder , it gently provokes vrine , and expels stones and gravel . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time in some proper liquor . syrup of marsh-mallows , in latin , syrupus dialthaeae . take of the roots of marsh-mallows two ounces , of meadow grass , asparagus , liquorice , rasins of the sun , red chich pease , each half an ounce , tops of marsh-mallows , mallows , pellitory of the wall , burnet , saxifrage , plantain , white and black maiden hair , of each one handful , of the four lesser and greater cold seeds , each three drams ; wash and cleanse the roots from their dirt , pith , and string● and slice them , and having boiled the grass roots ● quarter of an hour , first in eight pints of fountai● water , put into the decoction the roots of marsh-mallows and asparagus , and let them boil well for half an hour , then add the rasins cut , and the chich pease whole ; when they have boiled a little while put in the tops of the mallows , and marsh-mallows , pellitory , and shred and boil them abou● a quarter of an hour among the rest ; after that add the liquorice sliced , and the maidenhair cut , and when they begin to boil , put in the cold seeds , thrust them down into the docoction , and take the whole off the fire , and strain them a quarter of an hour after , then clarifie the liquor with the white of an egg , add four pound of sugar , and boil it on a moderate fire to the consistence of a syrup . virtues . it eases pain , and corrects sharp humors , it is chiefly used for diseases of the blade● and stone in the kidneys . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time in some convenient liquor . syrup of mint , in latin , syrupus menthae . take of the juice of sweet quinces , and o● those that are sowrith , of the juice of sweet pomgranats , and of those that are sowrish , each a pint and an half , of dried mint half a pound , of red roses two ounces , let them infuse a day , then boil them half away in a bath , strain it and with four pound of sugar make a syrup . virtues . it strengthens the stomach , helps concoction , and stops vomiting . dose . a spoonful of it may be taken at a time . syrup of mouse-ear , in latin , syrupus de pilosella . take of mouse-ear three handfuls , of the roots of ladies-mantle an ounce and an half , of the greater comfry , madder , white dittany , tormentile , bistort , each one ounce , of the herbs wintergreen , horsetail , ground-ivy , plantain , adders-tongue , strawberries , st. john's wort with the flowers , golden ▪ rod , agrimony , bettony , burnet , avens , of the greater cinquefoyl , red colworts , balaustines , red roses each one handful , boil them in six pints of plantain water gently , till half is consumed , then press it out hard ; when it is clear by standing , add of the mucilage of gum tragacanth , of the seeds of psyllium , marsh-mallows , quinces extracted a part , in three ounces of strawberry water , and as much bettony water , boil it to the consistence of honey with two pound of the whitest sugar . virtues . it is healing and astringent , and good for spitting of blood , and the like . dose . half an ounce of it may be taken at a time . syrup of mugwort , in latin , syrupus de artemisia . take of mugwort two handfuls , of pennyroyal , calaminth , wild marjoram , balm , unspotted arsmart , dittany of creet , savin , marjoram , ground pine , st. john's-wort , germander , feverfew , with the flowers , lesser centaury , rue , bettony , vipers , bugloss , each one handful , of the roots of fennel , smalage , parsly , asparagus , kneeholm , sagifrage , elecampane , cyperus , madder , orris , peony , each one ounce , of juniper berries , the seeds of lovage , parsly smalage , anise , nigella , cubebs , true costu● woody cassia , cardamoms , sweet smelling flag of the roots of asarabacca , pellitory of spain and valerian , each half an ounce ; having cleansed cu● and beat these things , infuse them twenty four hour● in six quarts of clear water , and draw off eigh● pints of water ; put what remains in the still into a press and strain it , boil six pounds of white sugar in a sufficient quantity of the strained liquor clarified with the white of an egg , to the consistence of tablets , then add the water before distilled and make a syrup , aromatize it with cinamon , and spiknard , each three drams . virtues . it opens obstructions , forces the child bed purgations , and strengthens the nerves . dose . a spoonful of it may be taken at a time syrup of mirtles , in latin , syrupus myttinus . take of myrtle berries two ounces and an half of white and red sanders , sumach , balaustins , barberries , red roses , each an ounce and an half , o● medlars sliced half a pound , beat and boil them i● four quarts of clear water to two , strain them , the● add four pound of sugar , and boil it to a syrup put to it towards the end , of the juice of quince● and acid pomgranats , each six ounces . virtues . this is an excellent astringent syrup good for spitting of blood , and all other fluxes . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time i● any proper liquor . syrup of the five opening roots , in latin , syrupus de quinque radicibus . take of the roots of kneeholm , fennel , asparagus , parsly and smalage each two ounces , of fountain water three quarts ; digest them hot , then boil them in a bath , to two quarts of the liquor pressed hard out , add eight ounces of vinegar , and five pound and an half of white sugar , make a syrup in a bath . virtues . it opens obstructions and forces urine . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time . syrup of the oak of jerusalem , in latin , syrupus botryos . take of the herbs , oak of jerusalem , hedge mustard , nettles , each two handfuls , coltsfoot one handful and a half , boil them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water in a bath , to a quart of the clear liquor strained , add the juice of turneps paired and boiled in fountain water , change the water twice , and when they are soft press out the juice gently ; add of this juice , having cleared it self by standing , one pint , fine sugar three pound , boil it to a syrup in a bath , when there is occasion to use it . virtues . it is a good pectoral syrup , and cures ulcers of the lungs . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time . compound syrup of peony , in latin , syrupus paeoniae compositus . take of the fresh roots of both the peonies gathered at full moon , sliced and insused a day , in fragrant white wine each an ounce and an half , of contrayerva half an ounce , syler mountain si● drams , of elk's hoof one ounce , of the herbs 〈◊〉 rosmary with the flowers one handful , of bettony hyssop , wild marjoram , ground pine , rue , each three drams , of the wood aloes , cloves , the seeds o● the lesser cardamon , each two drams , of ginge● and spicknard , each one dram , of stechas and nu●megs , each two drams and an half , after a warm digestion for a day in three quarts of the distille● water of the roots of peony , boil them to two in ● bath , strain it , and with four pound and an half o● white sugar boil it to a syrup in a bath . virtues . it is excellent for diseases of the head an● nerves . dose . one ounce of it may be taken at a time . syrups of pomgranats , in latin , syrupu● granatorum . take of white sugar a pound and an half , o● the juice of pomgranats clarified one pint , make a syrup in a bath . virtues . it strengthens the stomach , and is astringent , and quenches thirst , and is used for ulcers of th● mouth . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time . syrup of red poppies , in latin , syrupus de papavere erratico . take of the fresh flowers of red poppies two pounds , pour upon them two quarts of hot fountain water , after they have stood a day , make a new infusion of fresh flowers , strain it clear , and boil i● to a syrup in a bath , with an equal weight of sugar . virtues it is an excellent syrup for plurisies , ●nd inflamations of the lungs , and is somewhat aodyn . dose . half an ounce or an ounce of it may be ●ken at a time . syrup of quinces , in latin , syrupus cydoniorum . take of the clear juice of quinces three quarts , oil it gently till half is consumed , take off the ●um as it rises , and add to it three pints of red aringent wine , with four pound of white sugar , nd boil it to a syrup , add to it a dram and an half f cinnamon , of cloves and ginger two scruples . virtues . it is an excellent syrup for the stomach , nd stops vomiting and fluxes of the belly . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time . syrup of dryed roses , in latin , syrupus de rosis siccis . take of fountain water two quarts , make it ery ho● , and infuse in it by degrees half a pound ● red roses dryed in the sun , strain it the next ●y , and with two pound of sugar make a syrup . virtues . it is an astringent syrup , and good in ●xes , and strengthens the stomach and stops vomi●g . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a time . compound syrup of scabious , in latin , syrupus scabiosae compositus . take of the roots of elecampane , polypody of e oak , each two ounces , of raisins of the sun ●ned one ounce , of sebestens twenty , of the leaves coltsfoot , lungwort , savory , calaminth , each an handful and an half , of liquorice cleansed h●● an ounce , of the best spanish tobacco , and of th● seeds of stinging nettles , each three drams , bo them all in a bath , the first two roots being infus● the day before in a sufficient quantity of white-wi● diluted with warm water , strain out hard two quar● clarifie it , and add of the juice of scabious cla●fied , four ounces and an half , of white sugar fi● pound , make a syrup in a bath , add to it twen● drops of spirit of sulphur by the bell . virtues . it is a good syrup for the lungs , wh● they are obstructed , and it is also reckoned good in t● itch . dose . a spoonful of it may be taken at a time syrup of stechas , in latin , syrupus de st●chade . take of the flowers of stechas four ounces , ● rosmary half an ounce , of the herbs thym , cal●minth , wild marjoram , each an ounce and an ha● of sage and bettony , each half an ounce , of t● seeds of rue , peony , and fennel , each three dra● having digested them a day or two with a suffici● quantity of warm fountain water , boil it i● bath , strain it , and to five pints of the clear liq● add five pound and an half of sugar , make a 〈◊〉 in a bath , add to it a few drops of the oyl cinnamon . virtues . it is good for the head and nerves . dose . an ounce of it may be taken at a tim● syrup of turnep , in latin , syrupus ra● take of sliced turneps and white sugar , ●● half a pound , put them an earthen pot , mak● a lay of one , and a lay of one another , cove● ●ith paper , and bake it with bread , when it is drawn ●ess out the juice , which will be of the consistence ● a syrup . virtues . it is good for coughs , and at the begin●ng of consumptions . dose . take a spoonful of it morning and even●g . syrup of steel , in latin , syrupus chalybis . take of the filings of steel or iron one ounce , of ●ace two drams , of white-wine a pint , mingle ●em and shake them every day , for the space of a ●onth , with a pound of white sugar make a sy●up . virtues . it opens womens obstructions , is good for ●ypochondriack melancholly , the scurvy , dropsy , and 〈◊〉 like . dose . a spoonful of it may be taken night and ●orning , for the space of a month , two , or three . syrup of violets , in latin , syrupus violarum . take of fresh flowers of violets cleansed one ●ound , of hot clear water two pints and an half , ●eep it close stopped in a new glass pot a day ; ●hen press it out , in a quart of the liquor , dissolve in ● bath four pound of fine sugar , take off the scum ●s it rises , and make a syrup without boyling . virtues . it is a good cooling syrup , and is pecto●al , and is used in fevers , and sometimes mixed with ●lysters . dose . half an ounce of it may be taken inward●y at a time . simple syrup of wormwood , in latin , sy●pus absynthii simplex . take of the juice of common wormwood ● rified , of sugar clarified each four pound , make syrup ; the same way are prepared the simple ●rups of the juice of bettony , borrage , bug●● carduus benedictus , camomel , succory , end●● hedge mustard , strawberries , fumitory , grou● ivy , st. john's-wort , hops , mercury , of the f●● tops of mousear , plantain , apples , purslain , ra● berries , sage , scabious , scordium , housleek , co● foot , speedwel , and of other juices that are not ●cid . virtues . syrup of wormwood is good to strength the stomach , to stop vomiting , and for a dropsy . dose . half an ounce of it may be taken a● time . honey medicines , and medicines ma● of honey and vinegar , in lati● melita & oxymelita . mercurial honey , in latin , mel merc●riale . take of the juice of mercury three pints , of h●ney two pound , clarifie and boil them to the co●sistence of honey . virtues . it is used in glisters . honey of mulberries , in latin , diamoro● take of the juice of mulberries , of the tree a● shrub gathered before they are ripe , and before● sun is up , and cleared by standing , each a pint a● an half , of strained honey clarified two pou● ● them to a due thickness in a bath . virtues . it is commonly used for inflamations , and ● mouths . honey of roses , in latin , mel rosarum . take of red roses not full blown two pound , the best honey six pound , set them in the sun ac●ding to art . virtues . it is used to heal ulcers of the mouth and ●at . simple oxymel , in latin , oxymel simplex . take of the best honey two pound , of the clear● water three pints and an half , boil the honey ●d water in a glazed earthen po● , scuming of it ●tinually with a spoon that hath holes ; add by ●rees one pint of white wine vinegar , boil i●●r a gentle fire to the consistence of a liquid sy● . virtue . it cleanses ulcers of the lungs ; it may taken with a ▪ liquorice stick . simple oxymel of squills , in latin , oxymel scilliticum simplex . take of clarified honey three pound , of vine● of squills a quart , boil them according to art . virtues . it is very cleansing and healing to the ●ngs , and helps expectoration ; it is a gentle vomit , ● is most commonly given with other things . dose . when you design to vomit with it , you ●y give two ounces of it at a time , when it is u● for obstructions of the lungs , it is best to mix ●f an ounce of it with two ounces of some pect●l syrup , as with syrup of liquorice , maiden ▪ hair , ●he like . oxymel julianizans . take of the bark of capper roots , of the ro● of orris , fennel , parsly , kneeholm , succory , ● paragus , cyperus , each half an ounce , of ● herbs , harts-tongue , tamarisk , schenanth , ●● half an handful , of the seeds of sweet fennel ● an ounce , infuse them in vinegar and water , ● each a pint and an half , afterwards boil away ●● strain it , and with clarified honey and sugar , ● half a pound , make a syrup of the thickness honey . virtues . this opens obstructions , is good for ● eases of the lungs , and hypocondriack melanc●● and for the rickets , it also forces vrin . dose . two or three ounces of it may be ta● at a time . rob , or sapa . rob of berberries , in latin , rob de b●beris . take of the juice of barberries strained one p● of white sugar half a pound , with the gentle ● of a bath , boil them to a due thickness . virtues . it quencheth thirst , cools and strength the stomach , and procures appetite . juice of liquorice , in latin , succus g●cyrrhizae simplex . take of liquorice roots well cleansed , and g●ly bruised , as much as you please , infuse them t● days in fountain water , so much as may rise t● fingers breadth above them , then boil it a little ● press it out , afterwards boil it with a gentle hea● the due consistence of a juice . virtues . it is good for coughs and for diseases of ● lungs . lohoch's . lohoch of the pine , in latin , lohoch e pino . take of pine nuts fresh and cleansed , fifteen ●ams , of sweet almonds blanched , of hazel nuts ●ntly tosted , of gum tragacanth , arabick , of the ●wder of liquorice , and juice of the same , of white ●rch , maiden hair , and the roots of orris , each ●o drams , of the the pulp of yellow dates two ●nces , of bitter almonds a dram and an half , honey of raisins , and of white sugar , each ●r ounces , of oyl of sweet almonds , to be added the time it is used , if there be occasion half an ●nce , of the best hony a pound and an half , dis●ve the gums in four times their weight of maiden●ir water , till they are quite soft , pulp them through hair sive , and mingle with them two pounds of ●e best honey over a gentle fire , stirring it a long ●ile with a wooden spatula ; afterwards sprinkle the fine powders of orris , maidenhair , liquorice , gar , starch , then the dates , pin nuts , almonds , ●d hazelnuts , which must be cut small , and beat ●e apart , in a marble morter , and mix them well , ●n add the gums mixed with the honey of rasins , herein the juice of liquorice is first to be dis●ved ) and take the vessel from the fire , and stir the things a little while , that they may be well ●xed , add the fresh oyl ; if you are to use it pre●tly , and make a lohoch . virtues . it is good for coughs and heat of vrine , is to be taken with a liquorice stick . lohoch of purslain , in latin , lohoch ● portulaca . take of the juice of purslain strained , a qua● of the troches of the lemnian earth two dra● of the troches of ambar , of gum arabick , of dr●gons blood , each one dram , of the blood stone ● hairs down burnt , each two scruples , of white s●gar one pound , mix them , and make a lohoch . virtues . this is an astringent medicine , and good for fluxes , ruptures , and the running of ● reins . dose . two or three drams of it may be take at a time . lohoch of the lungs of a fox , in latin , l●hoch e pulmone vulpis . take of the lungs of a fox rightly prepared , the juice of liquorice , maidenhair , the seeds of nise and fennel , each equal parts , of sugar boil● to a syrup in coltsfoot , and scabious water , th● times as much as all the rest ; add the other thi● finely powdred , and mix them very well togeth and make a lohoch . virtues . it is excellent for ulcers of the lung● the healing lohoch , in latin , lohoch s●nans . take of the leaves of garden hyssop , and calaminth , each half an ounce of jujubes , and ● bestines , the stones being taken out , each fifteen p● of raisins of the sun stoned , and of fat figs , of fr● dates , each two ounces , of linseed , and fenugre seeds , each five drams , of maiden-hair one ha●ful , of the seeds of anise , and fennel , and the ro ●f orris cut , of liquorish bruised , and cinnamon , ach half an ounce , boyl all in two quarts of clear ●ater , until half is consumed , then add penidiat , ugar two pound , of gum tragacanth , and gum ●rabick , dissolved in the decoction above mentio●ed , each three drams , boil it to a syrup ; afterwards cut small and bruise five drams , of pine ●uts , sweet almonds blanched , liquorice and starch , 〈◊〉 three drams , of roots of orris two drams , sprin●le these into the syrup taken off the fire , and stir t well about with a wooden spatula , till it is white . virtues it is very good for coughs , and diseases of he lungs . conserves of roots , stalks , flowers , fruits , barks , pulps . take of eringo roots , as much as you please , ●leanse them within and without , and take out the ●ith ; infuse them one or two days in clear water , ●hange it some times , and dry them with a cloath ; hen take an equal weight of white sugar , put it nto as much rose water as is sufficient to dissolve it ; ●move it from the fire , and take off the scum , aferwards boil it up almost to the consistence of a syrup , add the roots which are also to be boiled a ●ttle , till the superflous moisture is consumed , and it ●as obtained the consistence of a syrup ; much in ●he same manner are preserved the roots of sweet meiling flag , angelica , borrage , bugloss , succory , ele●ampan , burne● ▪ satyrion , comfry , ginger zedoary . take of the stalks of artichoaks not too ripe , as ●ahy as you please , of which take only the pith , ●oil them with an equal quantity of sugar , as before , till they are preserved ; so are preserved the talks of angelica , burdock and lettice , gathered before they are too ripe . take of the bark of fresh oranges , as much ● you please , take off the outward yellow peel , i● fuse it three days in fountain water , change the water often , then put them into sugar , boiled as before , and preserve them , in like manner are prese●ed the peels of citrons , lemons , and the like . take of the flowers of citron , as many as y● please , and preserve them in sugar ; the same wa● are preserved the flowers of oranges , borrage , pri● roses , and the like . take apricocks as many as you please , peel ● the outward skin , and take out the stones and min● them with an equal weight of white sugar , then●ter four hours take them out , and boil the sug● without any other liquor ; then put them in aga● and boil them according to art : other fruits a● preserved much in the same manner , as whole b● berries , cherries , cornels , quinces , peaches , co●mon apples , the five species of myrobalans , haz● nuts , walnuts ▪ nutmegs , raisins , peper in the bran●es from india . garden and wild pruns , pears , and grapes pul● are also preserved , as of barberries cassia , citro● hips , quinces , wild pruns , and the like . take of barberries as many as you please , b● them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water , ● they are soft ; then pulp them through a five , th they may be cleared of their stones , afterwa● boil them in an earthen vessel , over a gentle fire , f● them often least they should burn , till the watry h●mor is consumed , then to six pound of the pulp a● ten pound of sugar and boil them to a due cosisten● broom-buds capers , olives , and the like , a preserved in pickle , lastly , among barks , cin●mon , among flowers , roses , and marygold flowers , among fruits , almonds , cloves , pine-apples , ●istaches , and the like , are said to be preserved , so al● seeds and twigs , but with this difference ; that ●r the most part , they are crusted with sugar , and ●erefore are more properly called confections . conserves and sugars . conserves . of the herbs wormwood , and wood sorrel , of ●e flowers of bettony , borrage , bugloss , marygolds , gillyflowers , and succory , of the leaves of curvy-grass , of hipes , of the roots of elecampane , ● the tops of fumitory , of broom-buds , of red ro●s , flowers of rosemary , peony , violets ▪ lilly of ●e valleys , of all these are made conserves , with ●rice their weight of fine sugar : but it is to be no●d , that they are not all to be mingled alike ; for ●me are to be first cut , bruised , and gently boyled , ●hers are to be neither cut , bruised , nor boyled , and ●me lastly require only one of these , and others all ; ●e but one of these . but any artist may easily a●id mistakes by this one premonition . sugars . pearled sugar . is made with sugar boyled in half the weight of ●ose-water , towards the end , add to each pound ● sugar half an ounce of prepared pearl , and eight ● ten leaves of gold. penidiat sugar , in latin , saccharum penidium . it is made with sugar dissolved in barly water , ●er a gentle fire , and well beat with whites of eggs ●d twice clarified . as it boyls , strain it through a cloath , and boyl it again gently , until it risein bubbles , and being chewed does not stick to your teeth , then pour it upon a marble besmeared with oyl of almonds , ( letting first the bubbles sink , after it is removed from the fire ) bring back the outsides of it to the middle , till it looks like larch rosin ; then your hands being rubed with white starch ▪ you may draw it into threads , either short or long , thick or thin , as you please . sugar of roses , in latin , sacharum rosatum tabulatum . take of the flowers of red roses , the whites cu● off and dryed quickly in the sun , one ounce , of fine sugar one pound , dissolve the sugar over the fire in four ounces of red rose water , and in four ounces of the juice of the same , which being evaporated by degrees , add the roses powdred , mingle them , and pour them on a stone , and so make tablets . species , or powders . aromatick rosat , in latin , aromaticum rosatum . take of red roses , the white being cut off , fifteen drams , of liquorice rasped , seven drams , o● the wood of aloes , and of yellow sanders , each three drams , choice cinnamon five drams , of clove and mace , each two drams and an half , of gum arabick , and tragacanth , each eight scruples , o● nutmegs , the greater cardamoms , and galinga● each one dram , of spick indian , and nard , and of ambergrease , each two scruples , of musk one scruple , make a powder to be kept in a glass or glazed pot . virtues . it is cordial , strengthens the stomach , an● expels wind . dose . half a dram or a dram of it may be ●aken at a time . compound power of crabs claws , in latin , pulvis e chelis cancrorum compositus . take of prepared pearl , of crabs eyes , red co●al , white amber , har●s horn prepared philosophi●ally , oriental bezoar stone , each half an ounce , ●owder of the black tops of crabs claws , the weight ●f all , make a powder , which with the gelly of ●nglish vipers skins , may be made into small balls , 〈◊〉 be dryed carefully , and to be kept for use . virtues . this is commonly called gascoigns pow●er , and is reckoned good to expel malignity and to ●vive the spirits . dose . twenty grains or half a scruple of it may ●e taken at a time . the temperate cordial species , in latin , species cordiales temperatae . take of the wood of aloes , of the spodium of ●ory , each one dram , of cinnamon , cloves , bone 〈◊〉 a stags heart , of the roots of angelica , avens , ●ormentile each a dram and an half , of prepared earl six drams , of raw silk tosted , of both the ●orals , each two drams , of hyacinths , emeraulds , ●d saphyrs , each half a dram , of saffron one scru●e , of the leaves of gold and silver , each ten ; 〈◊〉 ambarg●ease , and musk , each half a dram , ●ake a powder according to art . virtues . it is reckoned good for melancholy , and ●revives the spirits . dose . a scruple , or half a dram may be taken a time . species of calaminth , in latin , diacalaminthes simplex . take of mountain calaminth , pennyroyal , wil● marjor●m , the seeds of stone parsly , english and macedonian , of sesely each two drams , of the seed● of smalage , and of the tops of thyme , each ha● an ounce , of the seeds of lovage , and of whi● pepper , each one ounce , make a powder according to art . vertues . it expels wind , forces urine , and t● courses , and strengthens the stomach . dose . half a dram of it may be taken at a tim● compound powder of wake-robin roots , ● latin , pulvis radicum ari composit● take of the powder of the roots of wake-rob● two ounces , of common water flag , and of burn● saxifrage , each one ounce , crabs eyes half an ounc● of cinnamon three drams , of salt of wormwoo● and juniper , each one dram , mingle them , an● make a powder . virtues . it is reckoned an excellent powder for t● scurvy , it is said to be good to provoke the courses , a● to expel malignity . dose . half a dram of it may be taken at a tim● species of urris roots simple , in latin , speci●diaireos simplex . take of orris roots half an ounce , sugar candy an● the species diatragacanth frigid , each two dra● make a powder . virtues . it is good for ●oughs and colds , h●a●ness and shortness of breath . d●se . a dram of it may be taken at a time . species of gum lac , in latin , species dialaccae . take of gum lac prepared , of the roots of ●haponticum , each three drams , schenanth of spike ●ndian , and nard , and of mastich , of the juice ●f wormwood , and agrimony thickned , of the ●eeds of smalage , bishops-weed , fennel , anise , ●avin , bitter almonds cleansed , myrrh , zedoary , ●he roots of madder , asarabacca , birth-wort , round ●nd long , gentian , saffron , cinnamon , d●yed hys●op , woody cassia , bdellium , each a dram and an ●alf , black pepper and ginger , each one dram ; ●ake a powder according to art . virtues . it purifies the blood , it opens obstructi●n of the liver , spleen , and gall bladder , it is good ●or the dropsy , and jaundice , and expels wind . dose . half a dram of it may be taken at a time . the cordial magisterial powder , in latin ▪ pulvis cardiacus magistralis . take of orientale bezoar stone , of the bone of ● stags heart , each a dram and an half , of white ●nd red coral prepared , of white ambar , of pr●●ared pearls , of hartshorn prepared , of ra●ped ●vory , of oriental bole , of german , samos , and lemnian earths , of elks hoof rasped , and of the ●oots of tormentile , each one dram , of the wood of aloes , and the bark of citron , of the roots of angelica , and zedoary , each two scruples , twen●y leaves of gold , a scruple of ambergrease , six grains of musk ; mix them , and make a powder . virtues . it is good for malignant and pestilential diseases , it stops fluxes , is cordial , cures melancholly , and revives the spirits . dose . half a dram of it may be taken at a time the species diamargarit frigid , in latin , species diamargariton frigidae . take of the four greater cold seeds cleansed , ● the seeds of purslain , white poppy , endive , wood● sorrel , citrons of the three sanders , wood of alo● ginger , the flowers of red roses , the whites being c● off , water lilly , bugloss , violets , myrtle-berries of the bone of a stags heart , ivory , the roots o contrayerva , cinnamon , each one dram , of both the corals , each half a dram , of clear pearles thre● drams , of ambergrease , and camphor , each si● grains , of musk two grains , make a powder . note . the greater cold seeds , and the poppy seed● are to be added when this species is to be used , and the● you are to add a scruple of the seeds to every dram 〈◊〉 the species , the like is to be observed in the rest of the species , whereof these seeds are ingredients . virtues . it is good in fevers , for coughs , and for pains of the stomach . dose . a scruple or half a dram of it may be take● at a time . species diambrae . take of cinnamon , roots of angelica , cloves , mace , nutmegs , indian leaf , galingal , of each three drams , of indian spick , the greater and lesser , cardamoms , each one dram , of ginger one dram and an half , of the wood of aloes , yellow sanders , and long pepper , each two drams , of ambergrease one dram and an half , musk half a dram , make a powder . virtues . it expels wind , strengthens the stomach , and the spirits . dose . half a dram of it may be taken at a time species diamoschu dulcis take of saffron , galingal , zedoary , wood of a●es , mace , each two drams , of white pearls , of ●w silk dryed and powdered , of white ambar , nd red coral prepared , gallia moschata , of the ●eds of basil , each two drams and an half , of giner , cubebs , and long pepper , each one dram and n half , of nutmeg , indian leaf , or cinnamon , nd of cloves , each one dram , of musk two scrules , make a powder . virtues . it strengthens the stomach , it is good ●r diseases of the head , and revives the spirits . dose . a scruple or half a dram of it may be aken at a time . species of rosmary flowers , called , species dianthos . take of rosmary flowers one ounce , of red r●●s , violets , and liquorice , each fix drams , of cloves , ndian spike , nutmeg , galingal , cinamon , ginger , ●edoary , mace , wood of aloes , the lesser carda●oms , the seeds of dill and anise , each four scrules , make a powder . virtues . this is good for diseases of the head , exels wind , and strengthens the stomach . dose . a scruple or half a dram may be taken t a time . diarrhodon abbatis . take of white and red sanders , each two drams nd an half , of gum tragacanth , arabick , ivory , each wo scruples , of the roots of asarabacca , mastich , inian spike , cardamoms , juice of liquorice , saffron , ●ood of aloes , cloves , gallia , moschata , the ●eds of anise , fennel , cinnamon , rhaponticum , of the seeds of basil , barberries , succory , pursla●● of the four greater cold seeds cleansed , of whr● poppy , each one scruple , of pearls , and of the bo● of a stags heart , each half , a scruple of 〈◊〉 roses , the white cut off an ounce and three dra● of camphor seven grains , of musk four grains make a powder . virtues . it is cooling , and good for coughs , a● helps expectoration . dose . half a dram of it may be taken at a ti● species diatragacanthi frigidi . take of gum tragacanth two ounces , gum arabick , one ounce and two drams , of white star● half an ounce , of liquorice , of the seeds of m●lons , white poppies , each three drams , of citru● cucumbers , gourds , each two drams , penidiat s●gar , three ounces , of flowers of water lilly o● scruple , make a powder . virtues . it is used in coughs , for catarrhs , and pleurisy . dose . a dram of it may be taken at a time . species of the three sanders , in latin , sp●cus diatrion santalon . take of all the sanders , sprinkled in beating with few drops of rose water , of red roses each three dram● of rhaponticum , ivory , juice of liquorice , seeds ● purslain ▪ each two drams and fifteen grains , of gum ●rabick , tragacanth , the seeds of mellons , cucumbe● citruls , gourds , succory , each one dram and an ha● of camphor one scruple ; make a powder . virtues . it is good for ulcers in the lungs running the reins , and for heat of urine . dose . a dram of it may be taken at a time . pulvis haly. take of the seeds of white poppy ten drams , of ●hite starch , of gum arabick and tragacanth , ach three drams , of the seeds of purslain , marsh●allows , mallows , each five drams , of cucumbers , mellons , gourds , citruls , and quinces cleansed , each seven drams , of ivory and liquorice , each three ●rams , of white ambar two drams , penidiat sugar the weight of all make a powder . virtues . it is good for heat of vrine , a pleurisy ▪ vlcers of the lungs , and is excellent for coughs , and catarrhs . dose . a dram of it may be taken at a time ▪ species l●etificans . take of the flowers or seeds of sweet basil , of saffron , zedoary , yellow sanders , cloves , barks of citron , galingal , mace , nutmegs , storax calamit , each two drams and an half , of ivory rasped , of the seeds of anise , thyme , dodder of thyme , each one dram , of the bone of a stags heart , of pearls , camphor , ambergrease , and musk , each half a dram , of the leaves of gold and silver , each half a scruple , make a powder . virtue . it is counted good for melancholy . dose . half a dram of it may be taken at a time ▪ species confectionis liberantis . take of the roots of tormentil , of the seeds of sorrel , endive , coriander and citron , each one dram and an half , of all the sanders , of the roots of white dittany , each one dram , of bole armoniack , and lemnian earth , each three drams ▪ of pearls , of both the corals , of white ambar , of ivory ▪ and of the bone of a stags heart , of the roots of virginnian snake-weed , of avens , angelica , cardamoms , cinnamon , of each a dram , of mace , wood of aloes , wood of cassia , saffron , zedoary , each half a dram , of penidiat sugar , fragments , o● emeraulds , jacynth's , granats , flowers of water lillys , bugloss , red roses , each a scruple , campho● seven grains , musk , ambergrease , each three grains ▪ make a powder . virtues . it is counted good against malignant diseases , and to prevent infection . dose . a scruple or half a dram of it may be taken at a time . powder called thuraloes . take of franckincense one dram , of aloes half a dram ; make a powder , when you use it , mix it with the white of an egg , and bring it to the consistence of honey , mixing with it hares down . virtues . it is good to be used in wounds , to stop blood ; it must be applied over all the wound , and bound well on . compound powder of senna , in latin , pulvis sennae compositus major . take of the seeds of anise , carraways , fennel , cumin , spicknard , cinnamon , galingal , each half an ounce , liquorice , gromwel , each an ounce , of senna the weight of all , make a powder . virtues . it is a gentle purge , and expels wind . dose . two or three drams of it may be taken at a time . the earl of warwick's powder , in latin , pulvis comitis warvicencis ▪ take of scamony sulphurated , two ounces , of diaphoretick antimony one ounce , of crystals , of tartar , half an ounce , mingle them and make a powder . virtues . it purges watry humors , and is good for rhumatisms , dropsies , and pox. dose . a scruple , or half a dram of it may be taken at a time . electuaries . confection of alkermes , in latin , confectio alkermes . take of the juice of fragrant apples , of rose-water , each a pint and an half , syrup of the grains of kermes a quart , of sugar a pound , boil them to the consistence of honey , take it from the fire , and while it is hot , add two drams of ambergrease , dissolved in a few drops of oyl of cinnamon , having well mixed them , add the following powders , of choice cinnamon , of the best wood of aloes each six drams , of clear pearls prepared two drams , of ●eaf-gold , one dram , of the best musk half a scruple , mingle them . virtues . it is reckoned cordial , and good in pe●tilential feavers . dose . a dram of it may be taken at a time . electuary of sassafras , in latin , electuarium e sassafras . take of the fragrant wood of sassafras two ounces , of common water three pints , boil it to the consumption of a third part , adding towards the ●nd , half an ounce of cinnamon bruised , strain ●he liquor , and with two pound of white sugar , ●oil it to a thick syrup , adding to it two drams of cinnamon powdered , of nutmegs powdred half a ●cruple , of ambergrease , xxxij . gr . musk gr . iij. of the leaves of gold number ten , of spirit of vitriol four drops , make an electuary . virtues . it is a good drying medicine , and is proper for tickling coughs , and consumptions . dose . a dram of it may be taken at a time . electuary of lawrel berries , in latin , electuarium e baccis lauri . take of the leaves of rue dried ten drams , of the seeds of bishop-weed , cumin , lovage , wild marram , nigella , carraways , wild carrots , parsly , bitte● almonds , black and long pepper ▪ , horse-mint ▪ sweet smelling flag , lawrel berries , castor , each two drams , sagapenum half an ounce , opoponax three drams , clarified honey a pound and an half ▪ the things to be beaten being beaten , towards the end add the gums dissolved in white-wine , and make an electuary . virtues . it is good for the cholick , strengthen the stomach , and expels wind . dose . a dram of it may be taken at a time half an ounce of it is commonly given in glister● for the same purposes . confectio de hyacintho . take of the fragments of jacynth , of red coral , of bole armonick , of sealed earth , each ha● an ounce , of the grains of kermes , of the roots● tormentile , and dittany , of the seeds of citro cleansed , of sorrel , of pu●slain , of saffron , ● myrrh , of red roses , the whites cut off , of all th sanders , of the bone of a stag's heart , of hart● horn , of the raspings of ivory , each four scrupl● of saphyrs , emeraulds , topaz , pearls , leaves ● gold , and silver , each two scruples , of campho musk , and ambargrease , each five grains , with syrup of lemons make a confection . virtues . it 's cordial and good in the plague , it revives the spirits , and is good in hectick fevers . dose . a seruple or half a dram may be taken at a time . diatsayrion . take of the roots of fresh satyrion three ounces , of the pulp of dates , sweet almonds , of pine apples , pistaches , and of ginger candied , and of eringo roots candied , each one ounce , of cloves , galingal , long and black pepper , each three drams , of ambargrease , one scruple , of musk two scruples , of penides four ounces , of cinnamon , and saffron , each half an ounce , of malago sack three ounces , of nutmegs , mace , and grains of paradise , each two drams , of the seeds of the ash , of the bellies and loyns of scinks , of factitious borax , and benzoin , each three drams , of the wood of aloes , and cardamons , each two drams , of the seeds of nettles and onions , and of the roots of avens , each one dram and an half ; beat all the simples , and mix them , then with two pound and one half of syrup of ginger , make an electuary . virtues . it is chiefly used to provoke languid venery . dose . half an ounce of it may be taken at a time . diascordium . take of cinnamon , woody cassia , each half an ounce , of true scordium one ounce , of dittany of crete , tormentile , bistort , galbanum , gum arabick , each half an ounce , of storax calamit , four drams and an half , of opium , and the seeds of sorrel , each one dram and an half , of gentian half anounce , bole armonick , of lemnian earth sealed , half an ounce , o● long pepper , and ginger , each two drams , of white honey clarified , two pound and an half , of sugar of roses one pound , of good canary eight ounces ▪ make an electuary . virtues . it is good against malignity , and t● prevent infection ; it is good to stop all sorts of fluxes ▪ and it gives rest ; it is also good to stop the hickup . dose . a dram , or two drams of it may be taken at a time , but a scruple or less may be sufficient for a child . mithridat , in latin , mithridatium . take of arabian myrrh , saffron , agarick , ginger , cinnamon , spicknard , franckincense , tr eacle mustard seed , each ten drams , of sesely seeds , opobalsam ▪ or , oyl of nutmegs by expression , of sweet smelling rush , of arabian stechas , of true costus , of galbanum , cyprian turpentine , long pepper , castor ▪ of the juice of hypocistis , of storax calamit ▪ opopanax , of fresh indian leaf , or for want of it ▪ of mace , each one ounce , true woody cassia , polymountain , white pepper , scordium , of the seeds of cretick , daucus , carpo-balsamum , or of cubebs , troches , cypheos , bdellium , each seven drams , of celticknard cleansed , of gum arabick ▪ of the seeds of macedonian parsly , opium , the lesser cardamoms , seeds of fennel gentian , flowers of red roses , dittany of crete , each five drams , the seeds of anise , asarabacca , sweet smelling flag , the greater valerian , sagapenum , each three drams , of athamantick spicknard , acacia , the bellies of scinks , the tops of st. john's-wort , each two drams ●nd an half , of the best canary wine , as much as ● sufficient to dissolve the gums and juices , viz. a●out twenty six ounces , of clarified honey thrice ●e weight of all , except the wine , make an ele●tuary . virtues . it is good in malignant diseases , and to ●revent infection ; it is good for bitings of venomous ●reatures , it promotes sleep , and eases the pain of the ●olick , and stops fluxes . dose . a dram of it may be taken at a time . philonium romanum . take of white pepper , of the seeds of white ●enbane , each five drams , of opium two drams ●nd an half , of woody caffia one dram and an ●alf , of the seeds of smalage one dram , of ma●donian parsly , fennel and daucus , of crete each ●o scruples and five grains , of saffron a scruple and ● half , of indian spike , pellitory of spain , and ●edoary , each fifteen grains , of cinnamon one dram ●d an half , myrrh , and castor , each one dram , ● clarified honey , thrice the quantity of all ; make ● electuary . virtues . it 's good to ease pain , and is good in the ●one , and to expel malignity . dose . half a dram or a dram may be given at time . electuary of the egg , in latin , electuarium de ovo . take a fresh hens egg , and having made a small ●le , extract the white , fill the vacuity with good ●ffron , not powdred , leave the yelk within , after●ards cover it again with an other shell put over and ●t it by agentle fire in an earthen vessel , till all shall begin to grow black ; but take care the saffron b● not burnt , for if it should , it would be an injury 〈◊〉 the whole composition , take out the matter an● dry it , and powder it , then add to it of whi●● mustard powdred an equal weight ; then take 〈◊〉 white dittany , or of fraxinel , and of tormentil● each two drams , of myrrh , hartshorn , and of t●● roots of butterbur , each one dram , of the roo● of angelica , burnet , juniper-berries , zedoary and camphor , each half an ounce , mingle all together in a morter ; and then add of venice treacle t●● weight of all ; beat them together for about thre● hours , pouring on a sufficient quantity of syrup of l●mons make an electuary . virtues . it is used in pestilential diseases , to pr●voke sweat , and to expel the malignity . dose . a dram or two drams of it may be 〈◊〉 at a time . venice treacle , in latin , theriaca andromachi . take of troches of squills forty eight dram of troches of vipers , long pepper , of thebaic● opium , and troches hedycroy , each twenty 〈◊〉 drams , of red roses dryed , the white being cut o● of sweet illyrick orris , of the juice of liquoric● of the seeds of sweet navew , of the tops of sco● dium , opobalsam , cinnamon , agarick , trochisca●ed , each twelve drams , of myrrh , sweet cost●● or zedoary , saffron , true woody cassia , indi● nard , scenanth , white and black pepper , olib● num , dittany of crete , rhapontick , arabian s●●chas , horehound , the seeds of macedonian parsl● calaminth dryed , cyprian turpentine , the roo● of cinquefoyl , and ginger , each six drams , t● ●ops of cretick poly , ground pine , the roots of ●eltick nard , amomum , storax calamit , the roots ● athamantick , spicknard , tops of germander , ●e roots of rhapontick , lemnian earth , indian ●eaf , chalcitis burned , or instead of it roman ●itriol burned , the roots of gentian , gum arabick , ●e juice of hypocistis , carpo-balsam , or nutmeg , ●r cubebs , the seeds of dryed anise , cardamoms , ●ennel , sesely , acacia , or instead of it the thicked juice of sloes , the seeds of treacle mustard , ●op of st. john's-wort , the seeds of bishops-weed , ●nd of sagapenum each four drams , of castor , of ●he roots of long birthwort , of judaic , bitumen , ●r ambar , of the seeds of cret●c daucús , opo●onax , and the lesser centaury , and of fat galba●um , each two drams , of old canary wine , as much as is sufficient , viz. forty ounces , wherein ●re to be dissolved the moist simples , and such as will melt , of clarified honey three times the weight ●f the dryed species , make an electuary . virtues . this is really an excellent medicine , it 's ●sed in the plague , to expel malignity , to prevent ●nfection , and to provoke sweat , it 's good for mother●ts , and the gout , when it is struck in , it 's good for 〈◊〉 loosness , the gripes and collick , and is frequently ●sed with good success in great colds ; but care must ●e taken that the sick do not catch fresh cold after it . dose . half a dram , a dram a dram and an ●alf may be taken at a time , two drams of it giv●n in a glister , with half a pint of milk , is ex●ellent for easing the pains of the gripes , and co●ck , and stopping a loosness , and the bloody flux . london treacle , in latin , theriaca lond●nensis . take of hartshorn rasped two ounces , of 〈◊〉 seeds of citron , wood sorrel , peony , and ba●● each one ounce , of scordium , and coralin , ea● six drams , of the roots of angelica , tormentil● peony , of the leaves of dittany , lawrel , and j●niper berries , each half an ounce , of the flowers 〈◊〉 marygolds , gillyflowers , rosmary flowers , of t● tops of st. john's-wort , nutmegs , and saffron , ea● three drams , of the roots of gentian , zedoary , gi●ger , mace , myrrh , of the leaves of scabious , d●vils bit , carduus benedictus , each two drams , 〈◊〉 cloves and opium , each one dram , good cana●● wine a sufficient quantity , of clarified hon●● thrice the weight of all ; make an electuary . virtues . it is much of the same virtue with the former . dose . a dram of it may be taken at a time . diacrocuma . take of saffron , of the roots of asarabacca , o● the seeds of parsly , daucus , anise , smalage , eac● half an ounce , of rhubarb , of the roots of athamantick spicknard , and indian spike , each six drams ▪ of true wood of cassia , costus , myrrh , scenanth ▪ cubebs , of the roots of madder , of the juice o● wormwood , and maudlin thickned , of opobalsam , or of oyl of nutmeg , each two drams , of cinnamon , and sweet smelling flag , each one dram & an half , of scordium ceterach , and juice of liquorice , each two drams and an half , of tragacanth one dram , of white sugar eight times the weight of all , dissolved in endive water , and clarified ; make an electuary . virtues . it opens obstructions , it is good in the ●one , and expels malignity . dose . a dram , or a dram and an half of it ●ay be taken at a time . purging electuaries . caryocostinum . take of cloves , of candied costus , or of ze●ary , of ginger , and cumin , each two drams , of ●ermodactiles cleansed from the bark , of diagry●um , each half an ounce , of honey of roses , rice the weight of all , powder all , except the di●rydium , and mix them well with the honey , then ●d the diagrydium powdred apart ; make an e●ctuary . virtues . it is chiefly used for pains of the limbs , ●d gout . dose . two or three drams of it may be taken 〈◊〉 a time . extract of cassia for glysters , in latin , cassia extracta pro clysteribus ▪ take of the leaves of violets , mallows , mer●ry , beets , pellitory of the wall , ●lowers of vio●s , each one handful , make a decoction in a suf●ient quantity of water ( adding at the end the ●wers of violets ) whereby the cassia may be ex●cted , and the canes washed within ; then take ● the cassia extracted by this decoction , and boil● to a consistence , one pound , of brown sugar ●e pound and an half ; make an electuary by boil●g it . virtues . it is used in cooling glisters for the stone , ●nd running of the reins . dose . two ounces of it may be given at a ti● diaphaenicon . take of the pulp of dates cleansed and boil● in hydromel , half a pound 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 penids thre● ounces , of sweet almonds blanched 〈◊〉 ounces a● an half ; all being beat and m●xed add a pou● of clarified honey , boil them a little , then sprin●● into them of ginger , long pepper , and mace , c●namon , of the leaves of rue dryed , of the seeds ● fennel and daucus , each two drams , of turb● finely powdred four ounces , of diagrydium ● ounce and an half ; make an electuary . virtues . it is used in glisters , to expel wind , dose . h●lf an ounce , or six drams may be gi●en at a time . catholicon . take of the pulp of cassia and tamarinds , a● of the leaves of senna , each two ounces , of t● roots of polypody , violets , rhubarb , each 〈◊〉 ounce , of the seeds of anise , penid's sugar-ca●dy , liquorice , of the seeds of gourds citru● cucumbers , melons , each two drams , powder th● things that are to be powdred , and take of fresh p●lypody bruised three ounces , of the seeds of fen● six drams ; make a decoction in two quarts of fou●tain water ; boil it till the third part is consume● to the strained liquor add two pound of the b● sugar , boil them again to the thickness of a syr● then to the pulps of cassia and tamarinds dissol●ed in part of the decoction , and put over the f●● pour by degrees the syrup , and add the powde● and make an electuary . virtues . it is most commonly used in glisters , to ●l and loosen . dose . two ounces may be given at a time . lenctive electuary , in latin , electuarium lenitivum . take of raisins of the sun stoned , of fresh poly●dy of the oak , of oriental senna , each two ●nces , of mercury one handful and an half , of ●jubes and sebestens , each number twenty , of mai●nhair , violets , cleansed barly , each one handful , ● damask prun's , and tamarinds , each six drams , ● liquorice half an ounce ; boil them in five quarts ● water , to the consumption of a third part , then ●ain them out hard in one part of the liquor , dis●lve of the pulp of cassia , and tamarinds , and of esh prunes , and violet sugar , each six ounces , in ●e other part of the liquor , dissolve two pounds of ●e sugar : lastly , add an ounce and an half of the ●wder of senna , and two drams of the powder ● anise-seeds , for every pound of the electuary ▪ ●d so make an electuary . virtues . it cools and purges gently . dose . an ounce , or an ounce and an half of it ●ay be taken at a time , two ounces of it may be ●ed in a glister , with milk and sugar . the following composition is an excellent cooling purge . take of lenitive electuary two drams , of cream ● tartar half a dram , of powder of jalap two ●uples ▪ make a bolus with a sufficient quantity of ●rup of buckthorn , add to it three drops of oyl of ●niper ; this cools and purges watry humors strongly , for weakly people use the following medicin take of lenitive electuary one dram , of cream● tartar half a dram , of powder of jalap one s●●ple , of rhubarb powdred ten grains , with a su●cient quantity of syrup of roses solutive , and th● drops of oyl of juniper , make a bolus . electuary of the juice of roses , in latin , e●ctuarium e succo rosarum . take of sugar , and juice of red roses clarif● in the sun , each one pound and four ounces , of ● three sanders each half an ounce , of mastich th● drams , of dragridium twelve drams , of camp● one scruple , the sanders must be rasped , and th finely powdred , and sifted through a fine sive , a● the diagrydium , powdred apart , with a drop of ● oyl of sweet almonds ; then add the camph● likewise powdred , the mastick finely powdred , la with the juice of roses boyled to a syrup w● the sugar , and while it is hot make an elect●ry . virtues . this purges strengly watry humors . dose . two , three , or four drams may be ta● at a time . the following potion will purge , w● scarce any thing else will ; take of tamarinds● an ounce , of the leaves of senna two drams , rhubarb one dram and an half , boyl them i● sufficient quantity of fountain water to three o●ces , to the strained liquor add of manna , and ●rup of roses solutive , each one ounce , of syrup buckthorn half an ounce , of the electuary of juice of roses two drams , mingle them and m● a potion : but it must be given only to strong pple . hiera picra simplex take of cinnamon , mace , roo●s of asarabacca , ●piknard , mastich , and of saffron , of each six drams ▪ of aloes not washed twelve ounces and an half , of clarified honey one pound and three ounces , make ●n electuary . virtues . it opens ▪ obstructions , and purges gently , ●nd strengthens and cleanses the stomach . dose . two or three drams of it may be taken ●t a time . pills . pills of agarick , in latin , pilulae de agarico . take of agarick trochiscated three drams , of ●e roots of our orris , with the sky coloured flowrs , of mastich and horehound , each one dram , f turbith five drams , of the species of hiera pi●a , half an ounce , of the troches of alhandal , of sa●ocol , each two drams , of myrrh one dram , of ●pa a sufficient quantity ; make a mass for pills . virtues . it is good for purging the breast and ●ungs . dose . half a dram , or a dram may be taken t a time . aggregative pills , or pills that have many virtues , in latin , pillulae aggrega●ivae five polychrestae . take of citron myrobalans , and rhubarb ▪ ach half an ounce , of the thickned juice of hemp ●grimony , maudlin , and wormwood , each two rams , of diagridium five drams , of agarick , troches of alhandal , and of fresh polypody , eac● two drams , of the best turbith and aloes , each si● drams , of mastich red roses , sal gemma , dodd● of thyme , anise , and of ginger , each one dram with the syrup of pale roses , make a mass 〈◊〉 pills . virtue . it is a general purging pill . dose . a dram , or four scruples of it may be ta●en at a time . pilulae aloephanginae . take of cinnamon , cloves , the lesser cardamoms , nutmeg , mace , sweet smelling flag , carp● balsam , or berries of juniper , scenanth , yello● sanders , goats rue , red roses , each half an ounce powder these grosly , and draw a tincture wi● spirit of wine , in a glass vessel well stopt ; in thr● pints of the strained liquor , infuse a pound of p● aloes , to which when it is dissolved , add of mstich , and myrrh powdred , each half an oun● of saffron two drams , of peruvian balsam one dr● then evaporate the superfluous humour over a●● or in a bath , and make a mass for pills . virtues . it purges the head , and cleanses the smach , and procures an appetite . dose . a dram , or a dram and an half may taken at a time . aloes rosat , in latin , aloe rosata take of clear succotrine aloes powdred four o●ces , of the juice of damask roses clarified one pi● mingle them , digest them in the sun , or in a b●●ill the superflous moisture is evaporated , repeat ●gestion , and evaporation four times , and make a ●ass for pills . virtues . it cleanses and strengthens the head and ●mach , and helps digestion . dose . half a dram , or a dram of it may be tak● at a time . take of aloes rosat , half a scruple , of the ice of liquorice eight grains , of the pills of sto●x , and hounds-tongue , each three grains , make ●ree pills to be taken at bed time . these pills do ●od in a catarrh . golden pills , in latin , pilulae aureae . take of aloes , diagrydium , each five drams , red roses , and the seeds of smalage , each two ams and an half , of fennel and anis● , each one ●am and an half , of mastich , saffron , troches of ●handal each one dram ; powder them , and make ●m up into a mass , with honey of roses strain● ▪ virtues . they purge the head , expel wind , and ● good in the dropsy . dose . half a dram , or a dram of them may be ●en at a time . pilulae cochiae majores . take of the species of hiera picra ten drams , ●oches of alhandal three drams and an half , of agrydium two drams and an half , of gummy ●rbith , of the flowers of arabian stechas , each e drams , with a sufficient quantity of the syrup stechas make a mass . virtues . it purges the head , breast , and sto●ch . dose a dram of it may be taken at a time ▪ pilulae cochiae minores . take of clear alces , of fine scammony , and 〈◊〉 the pulp of coloquintida , each one ounce , powder them and mix them with a sufficient quanti●● of sy●up of wormwood , and buckthorn , of ea●● equal parts ; make a mass ; add to it of oyl 〈◊〉 cloves two scruples . virtues . they purge water powerfully . dose . a scruple , or half a dram may be take at a time . pills of hounds-tongue , in latin , pilulae d● cynoglosso . take of the roots of hounds-tongue dryed , 〈◊〉 the seeds of white henbane , of prepared opi●● each half an ounce , of myrrh six drams , of o● banum five drams , of saffron , castor , and sto● calamit , each one dram and an half , the roots hounds-tongue , the seeds of henbane , and 〈◊〉 castor must be powdred together ; but the my● saffron , and olibanum , by themselves , the op● cut small must be dissolved in rose water ; a● wards add the powders , and with syrup of ste● make a mass . virtues . it is good for rheums , and tickling cou● and causes sleep . dose . ten or fifteen grains of it may be ta● at a time . pills of two , in latin , pilulae ex duobus . take of coloqintida , and scammony , each one ●unce , of oyl of cloves a sufficient quantity to moi●en them , then with syrup of buckthorn make a ●ass . virtues . it is a very strong purge , and therefore to be used only in strong bodies ; unless it be mixed ●ith some gentler pill , it purges the head , and is good 〈◊〉 the pox , and running of the reins . dose . fifteen grains , a scruple , or half a dram ●ay be taken at a time . fetid pills , in latin , pilulae saetidae . take of aloes , troches of alhandal , opopanax , ●mmoniacum , sagapenum , myrrh , the seeds of rue , ●pithimum , each five drams , of scammony three ●ams , of the roots of turbith , half an ounce , ●nd of the lesser spurg prepared , and of hermo●ctiles , each two drams , of ginger one dram and ● half , of spicknard , cinnamon , saffron , castor , ●ch one dram , of euphorbium prepared one scru●e , of oyl of ambar rectified half a dram , the ●ums must be dissolved in juice of leeks ; strain ●em , and boil them ; then add the powders , and ●ix them well ; make a mass with syrup made of ●e juice of leeks and sugar . virtues . they are peculiarly proper for womens ●structions . dose . two scruples , or a dram of them may be ●ken at a time . pills of hermodactiles , in latin , pilulae d● hermodactilis . take of sagapenum six drams , of opoponax thr●● drams , dissolve them in a sufficient quantity of 〈◊〉 juice of colworts , and strain them through a linn● rag , then boil them to a moderate consistence , and tak● of hermodactiles , aloes , citron myrobalans , tu●bith , troches of alhandal , and of soft and fresh b●dellium , each six drams , of prepared euphorbiu● a dram , of the seeds of rue , smalage , casto● and sarcocol , each three drams , of saffron o●● dram and an half , make a mass with the syrup mad● of the juice of colworts and honey . virtues . they are a proper purge for the gout , a● pains of the joints . dose . two scruples , or a dram of them may b● taken at a time . pills of hiera with agarick , in latin , p●lulae de hiera cum agarico . take of hiera picra of agarick each half ● ounce , of the best aloes one ounce , of hone● of roses a●ufficient quantity , make a mass . virtues . it is much of the same nature with h●era picra . dose . two scruples , or a dram of it may be ta●en at a time . imperial pills , in latin , pilulae imperi●les . take of aloes two ounces , of rhubarb one ounc● ●nd an half , of agarick , of the leaves of senna ●eansed , each an ounce , of cinnamon three drams , ●f ginger two drams , of nutmegs , and cloves , ●f spicknard , and mastich , each one dram , mix ●em with syrup of violets , and work them to a mass , with the hands besmeared with oyl . virtues . they purge gently , and bind after they ●urge , and cleanse the stomach , and stop vomiting . dose . a dram , or a dram and an half may be ●aken at a time . pilulae de lapide lazuli . take of the azure stone powdered , and often ●ashed five drams , of dodder of thyme , polypo●y , agarick , each one ounce , of scammony , and the ●oots of black hellebore , of sal gemma , each two ●rams and an half , of cloves , and the seeds of a●ise , each half an ounce , of hiera picra fifteen ●rams , with syrup of the juice of fumitory , make mass . virtues . they are peculiarly proper for mad and ●elancholy people , and are good for diseases of the ●kin , as itch , leprosie , and the like . dose . half a dram , a dram , or a dram and an ●alf may be taken at a time . pilulae macri. take of the best aloes , two ounces , of mastich , ●alf an ounce , of the leaves of marjoram dryed , ●wo drams , of salt of wormwood , one dram ; ●owder them all together , and with the juice of colworts and sugar make a mass . virtues ▪ they are good for the stomach and head . dose . half a dram or a dram may be taken at a time . pills of mastich , in latin , pilulae mastichinae . take of mastich , two ounces , of aloes , four ounces , of agarick trochiscated , and of species hi●ra picra , each one ounce and an half , make a mass with syrup of wormwood . virtues . they strengthen the head , and strengthen and cleanse the stomach . dose . two scruples , or a dram of them , may be taken at a time . pilulae rudii . take of coloquintida , six drams , of agarick scammony , the roots of black hellebore and turbith , each half an ounce , of succotrine , aloes , one ounce , of cinnamon , mace , and cloves , each two scruples ; the coloquintida must be cleared from the seeds , and cut small , the agarick rasped , the hellebore , turbith , and spices powdred gros●y ▪ then pour on so much spirit of wine as will rise six fingers breadth above the matter ; infuse them four days in a gentle heat ; then strain it hard , and dissolve in it , the scammony and aloes well cleansed ; then put the liquor into a glass alembick , and distil it , till what remains becomes of the consistence of honey , of which make a mass . virtues . it is an excellent general purging pill . dose . a scruple , or two scruples may be taken at a time . pilulae ruffi . take of fine aloes , two ounces , of choice ●yrrh , one ounce , of saffron , half an ounce , with e syrup of wormwood make a mass . virtues . they help digestion , are good in surfeits , engthen the head , cleanse the breast , and strengen and cleanse the stomach , and force the courses . dose . half a dram or a dram of them may be ●en at a time . the stomach pill , with gums , in latin , pilulae stomachicae cum gummi . take of fine aloes , one ounce , of the leaves of nna , five drams , of gum ammoniack dissolved in ●er vinegar , half an ounce , of mastich and ●yrrh , each one dram and an half , of saffron , and ●t of wormwood , each half a dram ; with syp of buckthorn make a mass . virtues . they open obstructions , strengthen the ●d , cleanse the lungs , cleanse and strengthen the sto●ch , and are good in surfeits . dose . a dram of them may be taken at a time . pills of storax , in latin , pilulae e styrace . take of storax calamit , of olibanum , myrrh , d the juice of liquorish thickned , and of opium , ●h half an ounce , of saffron , one dram ; with up of white poppies make a mass . virtues . these pills are used for cough● and ●arrhs . dose . ten or sixteen grains may be taken at time . pills of amber , in latin , pilulae de succino . take of white amber and mastich , each tw drams , of the best aloes , five drams , of agari● trochiscated , one dram and an half , of long bir● wort , and of hartshorn burnt , each half a dra● of nutmegs , half a scruple , with syrup of wo● wood make a mass . virtues . they purge the head and womb . dose . a dram , or a dram and an half may ● taken at a time . pills of tartar , in latin , pilulae tartariae ▪ take of chrystals of tartar , three ounces , polypody of the oak , two ounces , of corinthi● currants , an ounce and an half , of the flowers bugloss , borrage , water lillies , each one pug● boyl them in a sufficient quantity of fumitory a● harts tongue water , till half is consumed . take of this decoction clarified , two pints , the juice of fragrant apples , one pint ; add to the three ounces of senna cleansed , of turbith , the roots of true black hellebore , each an ou● and an half , of choice myrrh , an ounce , of ma● cloves , cinnamon , and dodder of thyme , e● half an ounce ; infuse them in a glass stopt f● days ; then press them out , and dissolve in the ● quor , four ounces of prepared aloes , and set it ver a gentle fire , and reduce it to a due consisten● when it is almost cold , add of the species laetifins and dialacca , each a dram , of salt of worm●od , and of the ash , each two drams , of the ●ence of saffron , two scruples , of oyl of anise , few drops ; make a mass for pills . virtues . they are good in melancholy , and for ●eases of the skin . dose . half a dram may be taken at a time . laudanum . take of thebaick opium extracted in spirit of ●ine , one ounce , of saffron extracted the same ay , a dram and an half , castor , one dram , ake them up with a tincture made of half an ●nce of the fresh species of diambra , in spirit of ●ine ; then add presently of ambergrease and musk , ch six grains , oyl of nutmegs ten drops , evapote it in a bath to a due consistence . virtues . it is used to ease pain in general , and to ●p fluxes , and is much better then liquid laudanum ; ● all tinctures loose of their virtue by standing , and they cannot be so easily dosed . dose . one , two , or three grains may be taken ● a time . troches , in latin , trochisci . troches of agarick , in latin , agaricus trochiscatus . take of white and light agarick rasped small , and ●ted three ounces ; infuse it in a sufficient quantity ● white wine , wherein two drams of ginger ath been infused ; make troches . virtues . they are good for an ill habit of body , and the jaundice , provoke urine , and the courses , they purge gently . dose . a dram , or a dram and an half may be taken at a time . trochisci albi rhasis . take of ceruss washed in rose water ten drams , of sarcocol three drams , of white starch two drams , of gum arabick , and tragacanth , each one dram , of camphor half a dram , make troches with rose water , or with womans milk. virtues . they are good for inflamations , and pain● in the eyes , and for ulcers in the yard , they strengthen and dry , they may be dissolved in rose water , or poppy water . dose . a dram or a dram and an half may be taken at a time . troches of alhandal , in latin , trochisc● alhandal . take of the white and light pulp of coloquintida , freed from the feeds and cut small , and rubbed well with an ounce of oyl of sweet almonds , and two days after finely powdered , ten ounces of gum arabick , tragacanth , and bdellium , each six drams , infuse the gums three days or four in a sufficient quantity of rose water to melt them , then with the pulp above-mentioned , and part of this mucilage , make troches , dry them in the shade , and then powder them again , and make them up again with the rest of this mucilage . virtues . it is a violent medicine , it purges thick and glutinous flegm , and other humours , from the re●notest parts of the body , as from the head , nerves , joynts , and the like . dose . a strong man may take fifteen grains , or a scruple , but it is most commonly mixed with pills to quicken them . troches of winter cherries , in latin , trochisci alkekengi . take of the fruit of winter cherries three drams , of gum arabick , tragacanth , olibanum , pine nuts , bitter almonds , white starch , juice of liquorice , bole armonick , the seeds of white poppies , each six drams , of melons , cucumbers , citrules , gourds , each three drams and an half , of smalage , white henbane , white ambar , lemnian earth , and opium , each two drams , with the juice of fresh winter cherries make troches . virtues . they are used to expel gravel , and to provoke vrine . dose . two scruples of them may be taken at a time . the white pectoral lozenges , in latin , trochisci bechici albi . take of fine sugar one pound , of white sugar candy , and penids , each four ounces , of the roots of florentine orris half an ounce , of liquorice six drams , of white starch an ounce and an half , with a sufficient quantity of the mucilage of tragacanth , extracted in rose water , make small lozenges , they may be perfumed upon occasion with four grains of ambargrise , and three of musk. virtues . they are good for coughs , and help expectoration . the black pectoral lozenges , in latin , trochici bechici nig●i . take of the juice of liquorice , and of white sugar , each ten drams , of tragacanth , and sweet almonds blanched , each six drams , with a sufficient quantity of the mucilage of the seeds of quinces extracted in rose water , make troches . virtues . they are much of the same virtue with the former . troches of camphor , in latin , trochisci de camphora . take of camphor half a dram , of saffron two drams , of white starch three drams , of red roses , gum arabick , tragacanth , ivory , each half an ounce , of the seeds of cucumbers cleansed , purslain , liquorice rasped , each one ounce , with the mucilage of the seeds of psyllium extracted in rose-water , make troches . virtues . they are good in malignant diseases , for the whites and running of the reins . dose . a scruple , or half a dram may be taken at a time . troches of capers , in latin , trochisci de capparibus . take of the bark of the roots of capers six drams , of the seeds of agnus castus , of gum amoniack , each half an ounce , of the seeds of cresses , and nigella , of the leaves of calaminth , and rue , of the roots of acorus , and long birthwort , of the juice of maudlin thickned , of bitter almonds , each two drams , of the leaves of harts-tongue , of the roots of round cyperus , madder , and gum lac , each one dram , powder them all , and with ammoniacum dissolved in sharp vinegar , and boiled to the consistence of honey , make troches . virtues . they open obstructions , and are good for the rickets , and melancholly . dose . two scruples , or a dram may be taken in a morning . troches of ambar , in latin , trochisci de carabe . take of ambar one ounce , of hartshorn burnt , gum arabeck of red coral burnt , of tragacanth , acacia , hypocstis , balaustins , mastich , lac washed , the seeds of black poppies rosted , each two drams and two scruples , franckincense , saffron and opium , each two drams , with a sufficient quantity of the mucilage of the seeds of psyllium , extracted in plantain water , make troches . virtues . they are very astringent , and are used to stop fluxes of blood . dose . half a dram of them may be taken at a time . trochisci cypheos , for the making of mithridate . take of the pulp of fat raisins of the sun cleansed from the skins and stones , of cyprian turpentine , each three ounces , of myrrh and scenanth , each one ounce and an half , of cinnamon half an ounce , of sweet smelling flag , three drams , of the roo●● of round cyperus , of indian spicknard , of wood of cassia , of juniper berries , bdellium , wood o● aloes , each two drams and an half , of saffron one dram , of the best honey clarified a sufficient quantity , and a little canary wine ; the myrrh and bdellium must be beaten in a morter with the wine , to the thickness of liquid honey , then presently add the turpentine , the pulp of raisins , and the powders , then with clarified honey , well boiled make a mass for troches . troches of maudlin , in latin , trochisci de eupatorio . take of the juice of maudlin , clarified and thickned , of calabrian manna , each an ounce , of red roses half an ounce , of spodium of ivory three drams and an half , of the roots of spicknard three drams , of rhubarb , asarabacca , and the seeds of anise , each two drams , beat together the nard , the anise , and the roses , powder finely apart the spodium , asarabacca , and rhubarb , then mix the manna and the juice of maudlin , in a morter ; add the powders , and with fresh juice make t●oches . virtues . they open obstructions , and mollifie hard swellings of the liver , and spleen , are good for an ill habit of body , and for the green sickness . dose . a dram of them may be taken at a time . dr. gordons troches , in latin , trochisci ●ordoni● . take of the four greater cold seeds skinned , of ●ite poppies , mallows , cotton , purslain , quinces , ●yrtle-berries , gum tragacanth arabick , pistaches , ●ne-nuts cleansed , sugar-candy , penids , liquo●e cleansed , barly cleansed , the mucilage of e seeds of psyllium , sweet almonds blanched , each ●o drams , of dragons blood , spodium of ivory , d roses , myrrh , each half an ounce , with a suf●ient quantity of hydromel , make troches . virtues . they stop tickling coughs , fluxes of ●od , the whites , and are good for ulcers of the reins , ●ts , bladder , and lungs , and for the running of the in s . dose . a dram of them may be taken at a me . trachi●ci hedychroi for making treacle . take of yellow sanders , leaves of marjoram , mastich , thyme , and of the roots of asaracca , each two drams , of rhapontick , costus , ●eet smelling flag , wood of aloes cinnamon , enanth , opobalsam , or oyl of nutmegs by exession each three drams , of woody cassia , indi●f , or mace , indian spicknard , myrrh , and saffron , ch six drams of amomum , or the lesser cardamons , e ounce and an half , mastich ʒ j. dissolve the yrrh in wine , then presently add the saffron and astich well powdred , then the opobalsam , and af●wards the rest powdred , with pouring wine on ●m by little and little , make a mass for thick ●oches , to be dryed gently in an oven , after bread is ●wn . troches of myrrh , in latin , trochisci ● myrrha . take of myrrh three drams , of the flowers ● lupins five drams , of the roots of madder , th● leaves of rue ▪ horse-mint , dittany of crete , seed of cumin , assa fetida , sagapenum , opopana● each two drams , dissolve the gums in a decoctio● of mugwort , or juniper berries in wine : add th● rest , and with the juice of mugwort make troches . virtues . they are used to force the courses , an● childbed purgations , and for mother-fits . dose . two scruples , or a dram of them ma● be taken at a time , trochisci polyidae . take of pomgranat flowers twelve dram● of roch allum three drams , of frankincense , myrr● each half an ounce , of chalcanthum two dram● of bulls gall six drams , of aloes one ounce , wit● rough wine , or with the juice of nightshade , 〈◊〉 plantain , make troches . virtues . they dry , cleanse , and heal sores . troches of rhubarb , in latin , trochis● de rhabarbaro . take of choice rhubarb , ten drams , of the jui● of maudlin thickned , and of bitter almonds , eac● half an ounce , of red roses , three drams , of t● roots of asarabacca , madder , indian spike , ● the leaves ●f wormwood , anise , and smalag● ●ch one dram , with wine wherein wormwood has ●een boiled , or the juice of maudlin clarified , ●ake troches . virtues . they are good in an ill habit of body , for ●struction of the courses , dropsie and jaundice . dose . a dram , or a dram and a half may be ●ken at a time , troches of squills for treacle , in latin , trochisci de scylla ad theriacam . take a squill full and white , and of a middle ●gness , at the beginning of july , after the leaves ●ud stalks are withered ; peel off the outward bark , ●nd take out the hard part , to which the roots ●dheres , then put it into past made of wheaten ●ower , and bake it in an oven , till the squill is ●nder all over , then take it out and beat it well in morter , and mix with it eight ounces of the flow●● of white orobus , or red cicers , finely searched , ● every pound of the squills , and make troches , ●ch weighing two drams , your hands being be●eared with the oyl of roses ; dry them on the ●●p of a house , on the south-side in the shade , ●rn them often till they are quite dry , then keep ●em in a glass or tin pot . troches of spodium , in latin , trochisci de spodio . take of red roses , twelve drams , of burnt ●ory , ten drams , of the seeds of sorrel , six ●ams , of purslan and coriander infused in vine●ar , and torrified , of the pulp of sumach , each ●o drams and an half , of white starch tosted , balaustines , barberries , each two drams , of gum● arabeck tosted , one dram and an half ; with th juice of unripe grapes make troches . virtues . they are good to stop fluxes , a cough , spitting of blood , and running of the reins . dose . a dram may be taken at a time . troches of lemnian earth , in latin , trochesci de terra lemnia . take of lemnian or sealed earth , of bole ar● monick , acacia , hypocistis , gum-arabick tosted dragons blood , white starch tosted , red roses● seeds of red roses , blood-stone , red coral , am● ber , balaustines , spodium of ivory , the seeds ● purslain a little tosted , olibanum , harts-horn burnt cypress nuts , saffron , each two drams , of the seed of black poppies , tragacanth and pearls , each ● dram and an half , of opium prepared , one dram● with the juice of plantain make troches . virtues . they are very astringent , they stop flux● of all forts , and running of the reins . dose . half a dram of them may be taken at ● time . troches of vipers for treacle , in lati● trochisci de vipera ad theriacam . take of the flesh of vipers ( the skin , entrail● head , fat , and tail being taken away ) with di● and a little salt boyled , eight ounces of very white-bread , or rather twice baked , grated an● sifted , two ounces ; let small troches be made , th hands being besmeared with opobalsam , or th oyl of nutmegs by expression , dry them on th bottom of a sieve , turned upwards in an open ●lace , where there is a free air ; turn them often ●ll they are dry , and keep them in a glass ; they will keep good a year ; but it is best to make trea●e soon after they are made . oyls . simple oyls by expression . oyl of sweet almonds , in latin , oleum amygdalarum dulcium . take of sweet almonds fresh dryed , as many as ●ou please , break the shells , and blanch them , beat ●hem in a stone mortar , put them in a press , and ●ress out the oyl without heat . virtues . it is often used for coughs and hoarsness , ●or the stone , and outwardly for plurisies , the side be●ng anointed with it ; it is also very good in the choick and gripes of children . dose . half an ounce or an ounce may be taken ●t a time . oyl of bitter almonds is made the same way , 〈◊〉 is chiefly used for deafness , and diseases of the ears . oxyrhodinum is made of four or five parts of oyl of roses , and one of vinegar . virtues . it discusses and repels . oyl of the yolks of eggs , in latin , oleum ex vitellis ovorum . take of the yolks of as many fresh hens egg as you will , boil them till they are hard , brea● them with your hands , or in a mortar with a pestle , fry them in an earthen glazed pan , till they are red , and stir them often least they burn ; whe● thep look fatty , put them hot into a linnen bag sprinkle aromatick wine upon them , and strain o● the oyl in a press . virtues . it cures chaps in womens niples , fistul● and malignant ulcers , and tettars , ring worms , an● the like . simple oyls by infusion or decoction . oyl of roses omphacine , in latin , oleum rosaceum omphacinum . take of red roses before they are ripe , th● whits being cut off , and bruised in a stone morta● with a wodden pestle , four ounces of omphacin oyl washed several times , a pint , expose them to the heat of the sun in a glass well stopt , for the space of a week , shake them daily ; then boyl them gently in a bath , press them out , and put in fresh repeat them a third time , and keep the oyl upo● one pint of the juice of roses . virtues . it cools and eases pain . note , that oyl omphacin is made of the pulp of olives before they are ripe . oyle of roses compleat , in latin , oleum rosaceum completum . it is made in the same manner of sweet and ●e oyl , often washed , and of red roses full own , bruised and sunn'd , and gently boiled in a ●uble vessel ; but the third time you place it in the ●n , it must remain there forty days , then keep ●e oyl and roses together without expression . oyl of wormwood , in latin , oleum absynthites . it is prepared in the samn manner of four ounces ● the tops of common wormwood , repeated ●rice , and three pints of ripe oyl ; only at last ●u must put in four ounces of the juice of worm●ood , which must be evaporated by gentle boyl●g . virtues . it strengthens the stomach , and helps ●gestion , the stomach being bathed with it . oyl of dill , in latin , oleum anethinum . it is made of ripe oyl , one pint , of the flowers ●d leaves of dill , four ounces , thrice repeated . virtues . it discusses and strengthens the stomach , ●d is good for convulsions , and eases pains of the head , ●rves and joynts . oyl of camomel , in latin , oleum cam● melinum . it is made of ripe oyl , and fresh camomel fle●ers , ( the white leaves being taken away ) being ● and bruised , and covered with a single linnen clo● set in the sun and pressed out , and thrice repeat as before . virtues . it is anodyn , gives each in the ●ho● and plurisie , by bathing the affected part ; or it given in clysters for the same purpose . oyl of wall-flowers , in latun , oleum chrinum . it is made of wall-flowers and ripe oyl , as ● of dill. virtues . it is good in the palsie , cramp , and stre● thens the nerves and joynts . oyl of caster , in latin , oleum de ●storeo . take of castor , one ouhce , of oyl , one p● of generous wine , two ounces , powder the ● stor , and infuse it two days , ; then add the ● and boyl it to the consumption of the wine . virtues . it is good in cold diseases of the br● back and nerves , and of any other part of the 〈◊〉 being dropt into the ears , it cures deafness and n●● it is good for the rickets , convulsions , palsie and ● thargy . oyl of orris , in latin , oleum i●inum . take of the roots of florentine orris , a pound , ● the flowers of purple orris , two pound , of the ●ater wherein other roots of orris were boyl● , a sufficient quantity , of sweet oyl washed , six ●nts , boyl them in a double vessel , put in fresh ●ots and flowers , as in oyl of roses . virtues . it digests crude humours , dissolves hard ●ellings , mollifies , discusses , digests , and eases ●in . oyl of euphorbium , in latin , oleum euphorbii . take of euphorbium , six drams , of oyl of all-flowers five ounces , of fragrant wine , three ●ces , boyl them together in a double vessel , till wine is evaporated . virtues . it is much of the same virtue with oyl castor . oyl of lillies is made in the same manner as oyl of ●s . oyl of worms , in latin , oleum lumbricorum . take of earth-worms , half a pound , first was● worms in water often changed , then with white●e , wherein infuse them an hour , then pour off wine , and put the worms into a double vessel , pour upon them a quart of oyl of olives , ●hite-wine , half a pound ; boyl them till the wine is evaporated , then strain it through a linnen cloth , and keep it for use . virtues . it gives ease , and is good in all cold diseases of the joynts and nerves , for bruises and wound● and the rickets . oyl of marjoram , in latin , oleum majoranae . take of the herb bruised , four ounces , of goo● whitewine , six ounces , of ripe oyl , one pi● mingle them , set them in the sun , put in fr● herbs thrice ; press out the herbs and boyl them i a bath , to the consumption of the wine . virtues . it is good for the head , and the cold d●eases of it , for the stomach , and diseases of ● nerves . mastich oyl , in latin , oleum masti●inum . take of rose omphacin oyl , one pint , of ● stich , three ounces , of fragrant wine , four ounce mix them , and boyl them in a double vessel , ● all the wine is consumed ; strain it , and keep for use . virtues . it stops vomiting and fluxes , and i●● ful in diseases of the head and nerves . oyl of melilot , in latin , oleum meliloti made of the tops of the herb , after the same ●ner of oyl of cammomi●e . virtues . it eases pain . oyl of myrrh , in latin , oleum myrrhae . boyl eggs until they be hard , then cutting them ●n two , separate the yolks , and fill the white with myrrh powdred , set them on little sticks , placed conveniently on purpose , in a plate or earthen pan , ● a cellar , or some such moist place , and there ●ill distil a liquor to the bottom of the vessel . virtues . it cleanses the skin from spots , and half ●ounce taken inwardly with sugar-candy , is good for ●●rsness and a cough . oyl of mint is made of the herb , and om●acin oyl , as oyl of roses is . virtues . it stops vomiting , and strengthens the ●mach , it being anointed therewith . oyl of myrtles , in latin , oleum mirtinum , is ade of one part of myrtle berries , bruised and ●inkled with rough wine , and of three parts of yl of roses omphacin ; set them in the sun ●enty four days ; during which time let the bers be thrice renewed , boyled , and strained . virtues it is very astringent , it stops vomiting d fluxes , hinders the falling of the hair , and strengns the limbs . oyl of water-lillies , in latin , oleum nenupharinum . take of the fresh flowers of water-lillies ( the ow and green leaf in the middle being taken part one , of omphacin oyl , parts three , re● the flowers thrice , as in oyl of roses . virtues . it is very cooling , and cures inflammations , it procures sleep , the forehead and ●emples being anointed with it . nard oyle , in latin , oleum nardinum . take of spiknard , three ounces , of sweet oyl , a pound and an half , of fragrant white ▪ wine and pure water , each two ounces and an half ; boyl them in a double vessel over a gentle fire , stirring them frequently to consume the watry humor . virtues . it heats and strengthens , it is good fo● cold diseases , and strengthens the head , and is good for convulsions , palsies , sleeping diseases ; it stops vomiting , and helps digestion . oyl of rue , in latin , oleum rutaceum . it is made of the bruised herb , and ripe oy● as the oyl of roses is . virtues . it warms and strengthens the joynts 〈◊〉 nerves , and is good for convulsions and palsies . oyl of savin , in latin , oleum sabinae . it is made as the former is made . virtues . it cures and cleanses ulcers , and childre● s●abby heads . oyl of elder-flowers , in latin , oleum sa● bucinum . it is made of the flowers and oyl , as oyl roses is . virtues . it discusses , mollifies , and resolves . oyl of scorpions , in latin , oleum scorpionum . take of live scorpions of a middle size , catched while the sun enters leo , number thirty , of oyl of bitter almonds , a quart , set them in the sun forty days , strain the oyl , and keep it for use . virtues . it is good for the kings-evil , cancers , old sores , cures inflammations , and vices of the skin , it gives ease in the stone , the reins being anointed with it , and cures the bitings of poysonous beasts . oyl of violets , in latin , oleum violaceum . it is made of omphacin oyl and flowers of violets , as oyl of roses is . virtues . it moistens , cools , and mollifies . compound oyls by infusion and decoction . oyl of swallowes , in latin , oleum hirundinum . take of whole swallows , number sixteen , of cammomile , rue , plantain , the greater and lesser , the leaves of bays , penny-royal , dill , hyssop rosemary , sage , st. john's wort , cost-mary , each one ●andful , of common oyl , two quarts , spanish wine a pint . if you take so much may butter as ●ou do of oyl , and boyl the ingredients above mentioned in it ; it will have the name and consistence of an oyntment . virtues . it is good for lameness and old aches , and for pains and weakness of the joynts . oyl of st. john's-wort , in latin , oleum hyperici . take of fragrant white-wine , one pint , of the tops of st. john's-wort , with the flowers and seeds , four ounces , infuse them three days in a glass well stopt , in a pint of old oyl of olives , in the sun or in a bath ; in the same manner repeat the infusion of st. johns-wort , after the third infusion , boy● away almost all the wine and strain it , and ad● three ounces of turpentine , and one scruple 〈◊〉 saffron , boyl it again a little , and put it up for use . virtues . it is an excellent cleansing and heali●● oyl , and comforts the limbs and joynts , it is good fo● bruises and old aches . lucatellus balsam , in latin , balsamum l●catelli . take of the best yellow wax , one pound , m● it over a gentle fire , in a pint of canary-wine then add of the best oyl of olives , and of veni● turpentine , washed till it is white in rose-wate● each a pound and an half ; boyl them gently till th● wine is evaporated , then take it from the fire , 〈◊〉 sprinkle into it two ounces of red sanders fin● powdred ; continue stirring of it till it is cold . virtues . this is an excellent balsam , cures ulcers , either within or without the body , is good 〈◊〉 bruises and old aches , and is good for coughs and 〈◊〉 beginning of consumptions ; but of it self it is a nau●eous medicine , and offends the stomach . the following composition makes it more agreable to the stomach . take of conserve of hips , and of this balsam , each equal parts . dose . the quantity of a nutmeg may be taken morning and evening . oyl of foxes , in latin , oleum vulp●num . take a fox as fat as you can get him , of middle age , catched by hunting in the autumn , kill him , and take out his guts , flea him , and cut his flesh in pieces , break his bones , boyl him in white-wine and fountain-water , each three quarts , add three ounces of salt , the tops of dill , thyme , ground pine , each one handful , boyl half the liquor away , strain it , and add to it two quarts of the best old oyl , of the flowers of sage and rosemary , each one handful ; then evaporate by boyling the watry humor and the wine ; strain it again hard , and separate in a tunnel the water from the oyl ; which keep for use . virtues . it is good for pains of the joynts , sciatica and aches , and is good for convulsions and palsies . chymical oyls , in latin , olea chymica oyl of ambar , in latin , oleum s●c●i●● fill with ambar grosly beaten , two thirds of a● earthen retort , or gla●s one luted , place it in ● furnace on two iron bars , sit to it a large receiver ▪ and luting the juncture close , give under it a small fire to warm the retort , and to drive out the 〈◊〉 afterwards augment it by little and little ; there well come forth a spirit and an oyl , continue the fire until there comes no more , then let the v●ssel cool , and ●nl●te them , pour about a pint of warm water i●to the receiver , stir it well , dissolve some volat●● salts that often stick to the sides of the receiver ; pour all the liquor into a glass alembick , fit to it a receiver , a●d luting well the junctures , make a small fire to heat the vessel , then augment it a little ; the water and spirit will rise , and carry with them a little white oyl ; continue the fire until there rises no more , and the thick oyl remains at the bottom of the cucurbit without boyling ; separate the white oyl that swims above the spirit and flegm , and keep it in a viol well stopt . virtues . it is used inwardly for the falling sickne● apoplexy , and palsie , and for hysterick diseases . dose . two , three or four drops of it may be taken at a time in some proper liquor . the black oyl which remains in the cucurbit , is good to anoint the nostrils and wrists in hysterick discases . note . the water and spirit being evaporated over a gentle fire , to the consumption of two thirds , is an excellent aperitive , and is used for the jaundice , stopage of vrine , vlcers of the neck , of the bladder , and the scurvy . dose . ten , or twenty drops of this spirit may be taken at a time in some convenient liquor . some think , that the oyl of petre , in latin , paetroleum is a liquor drawn from ambar , by means of subterranean fires . oyl of cinnamon , in latin , oleum cinnamomi . bruise four pounds of good cinnamon , and infuse it in six quarts of hot water , leave it in digestion in an earthen vessel well stopt two days , pour the infusion into a large copper limbeck , and fitting a receiver to it , and luting the junctures with a wet bladder , distil with a pretty good fire three pints of the liquor , then unlute the limbeck , and pour into it by inclination the distilled water , you 'll find at bottom a little oyl , which you must put in●o a viol close stopt ; distil the liquor as before , then ●eturning the water into the limbeck , take the ●yl you find at the bottom of the receiver and mix ● with the first . repeat this cohobation , untill there ●ises no more oyl . virtues . the oyl of cinnamon is an admirable cor●oborative and strengthens the stomach , it eases womens ●elivery , forces the co●●ses , and encreases seed . dose . a drop of it is commonly mixed with a ittle sugar candy , to make the el●osacharum , which is easily dissolved in cordial , or hysterick waters ▪ oyl of gujacum , in latin , oleum guajaci ▪ take the shavings of guajacum , fill a large retort with them three quarters full ; pláce it in a reverberatory furnace , and join to it a great capacious receiver , begin the distillation with a fire of the first degree , to warm the retort gently , continue it in this condition until there comes no more drops , which is a sign that all the flegm is distilled ; throw away that you find in the receiver , and fitting it again to the neck of the retort , lute well the junctures ; you must afterwards increase the fire by degrees , and the spirit and oyl will come forth in white clouds ; continue the fire untill there comes no more ; let the vessels cool and unlute them , pour that which is in the receiver into a tunnel lined with brown paper , set in a bottle or some other vessel ; the spirit will pass through , and leave the thick and very fetid oyl in the tunnel , pour it into a viol , and keep it for use . virtues . it is an excellent remedy for rottenness of the bones , for the tooth-ach , and it will cleanse old ulcers . oyl of juniper-berries , in latin , oleum ● baccis juniperi . take of fresh berries of juniper fifty pounds bruise them , and put them into a wooden vesse● with ten quarts of fountain water , and one poun● of sharp leaven , keep them in a celler , the vesse● being well stopt three months , then distil them i● an alembick , with a sufficient quantity of simpl● water ; after the oyl is separated , keep the water for a new destillation ; in the same manner is made the oyl of ivy-berries , bay-berries and the like ; or you may draw oyl from the foresaid berries bruised , and steept twenty four hours in warm water , adding to every pound of berries six pints of water ; or if the berries are very dry , five quarts of water , and distil them in an alembick . virtues . it is peculiarly good for the stone in the kidneys , the colick , and to expel wind , it provokes sweat , and is proper in the plague , and to expel poyson . dose . six or ten drops of it may be taken at a time . oyl of nutmegs by expression , in latin , oleum nucis moschatae per expressionem . take sixteen ounces of good nutmegs , beat them in a mortar until they are almost in a past , and put them upon a boulter , cover them with a piece of strong cloath , and an earthen pan over that ; put your cloath over a kettle half filled with water , and set the kettle upon the fire , that the vapour of the water may gently warm the nutmegs ; when you shall find upon touching the pan , that it is so hot you cannot endure your hand upon it , you must take off the boulter , and putting the matter into a ▪ linnen cloath , take its four corners and tye them quickly together ; put them into a press between a couple of warm plates , set the pan underneath , and there will come forth an oyl , which congeals as it grows cold ; express the matter as strongly as you are able , to draw out the oyl ; then keep it in a pot well stopt . virtues . this oyl is very stomachick , being taken either inwardly , or outwardly applied . dose . six or ten grains may be taken at a time . the following medicine is generally used to anoint childrens breasts in colds . take of oyl of nutmegs by expression , of pomatum , and the oyntment of flowers of oranges , each equal parts ; make an oyntment . oyl of bricks , in latin , oleum lateritium philosophorum . take of bricks broke to peices , to the bigness of beans , of pigeons eggs , heat them red hot , and quench them in old oyl , let them ly in it till they are cold , then take them out and powder them finely , put the powder into a retort with a convenient receiver , and distill them by degrees in an open fire , keep the oyl in a glass well stopt . virtues . it softens hard swellings , cases the pain of the spleen , and reins , and is excellent for sciatica , and all cold diseases of the nerves and joints . oyls distilled from herbs and flowers . oyl of wormwood , in latin , oleum absynthii . take of dryed wormwood one pound , of fountain water ten quarts ▪ infuse them twenty four hours , and distil them in a copper limbeck , separate the oyl from the water in a tunnel , or separating glass ; keep the water for a new distillation . virtues . it strengthens the stomach stops vomiting , helps digestion , and expels wind . dose . five or ten drops of it may be taken at a time , but you must drop it upon sugar , if you intend to mix it with any liquor . the same way may be prepared oyl of hyssop , marjoram , mint , garden cresses , wild marjoram , penny royal , rosemary , rue , savin , sage , savory , thyme , and the like , of the flowers of cammomile , and of lavender , and from all other hot herbs and flowers ; and the same way may be also prepared oyls of the dryed barks of oranges , citrons and lemons . oyl of sulphur by the bell , in latin , oleum sulphuris per campanum provide a great earthen pan , and set in the middle of it , a little earthen pan turned upside down , and then another such pan on this filled with melted sulphur , cover both these pans with a great glass tunnel made on purpose , with a neck as long as ●hat of a matrass , and the bigness of a thumb , fire the sulphur , and do not stop the hole of the tunnel , but let the air come in to increase its burnng , for it would otherwise go out ; when your sulphur is spent , put new in its place , and continue o do so until you find under the lower pan , as much ●pirit as you need ; keep it in a viol . virtues . so much of it is put into juleps as to ive them an agreeable acidity , to qualify the heat ● continued fevers , it is also good to force u●ne . oyl of turpentine , in latin , oleum terebinthini . take of venice turpentine as much as you please , common water four times as much ; put them ●o an alembick , and make a convenient fire under em , and a thin white oyl like water will distil , and at the bottom will remain the colophony , th● clear oyl may be drawn commodiously , and fre● from danger of burning , in a glass still with i● head in a bath . virtues . this oyl is excellent for cold pains , ● cleanse ulcers , and to recover the natural heat of ● parts when it is decayed , it is also good in gangrea● and mortifications , and it is excellent for stopping blood in wounds , being applied hot . oyl of wax , in latin , oleum cerae . take of yellow wax melted two pounds , mi● with it three or four pounds of potters earth powdred , or so much as is requisite to make a paste of ● form it into little pellets , and put them into ● earthen retort , or glass one coated , a third whe● of must remain empty , place the retort in a re●●beratory furnace , fit to it a receiver , and luting ● joints , give a small fire at first , there will come for flegm , then a spirit ; increase the fire a little a● a liquor will distil , that congeals in the receiver 〈◊〉 butter , continue the fire till nothing more co●forth , then unlute the joints , separate the sp● mixed with flegm from the butter , and keep i● a viol well stopt . virtues . it opens obstructions . dose . is from ten drops to twenty , melt the b●ter of wax in an earthen pan , and make a paste it with a sufficient quantity of potters earth po●dred , form this past into little pellets , put them ● to a glass retort , set your retort in a sand heat , to it a receiver , and luting the joints , begin ● distellation with a small fire ; a great many sp● will come forth mixed with flegm , after which ●ase it a little , and a clear yellow oyl will come ; ving distilled about three ounces of it , change e receiver , for that which comes at last is as thick butter , it may be rectified with other clay or tters earth , and it will change into as transpant oyl as the other , separate the oyl from the spi● , and keep it in a viol . virtues . it discusses tumors , and is good for cold ●ins . oyl of seeds . oyl of the seeds of dill , in latin , oleum ex semine anethi . take of the seeds of dill beaten two pound , of ountain water ten quarts , infuse them twenty four ours , then distil them in an alembick , with its re●geratory , separate the oyl from the water in a tun●l ; keep the water for a new distillation . virtues . it digests , discusses , and ripens tumors . the same way is made the oyl of the seeds of nise , caraways , cummin , daucus , fennel , parsly , ●xifrage , and the like , the same way are also pre●red the oyls of spices , as of cinnamon , cloves , ●ace , nutmegs , pepper , and the like ; which ●ust not be powdred , but broken and beaten a ttle . simple oyntments . white oyntment , in latin , unguentum album . take unripe oyl of roses nine ounces , of ceass washed in rose water , and well rubbed three unces , of white wax two ounces , having melted the wax in the oyl , add the ceruss after it 〈◊〉 been frequently washed in fountain water , and ●terwards in rose water , being dried and sifted m●● an oyntment , add of camphor rub'd with a 〈◊〉 drops of the oyl of almonds two drams , and th● it is camphorized . virtues . it is an excellent cooling and drying oy●ment , and is g●od for burns , and inflammations , ●dries ulcers , cures galls , and takes off itching . unguentum aegyptiacum . take of verdegrease finely powdred parts 〈◊〉 of honey fourteen parts , of sharp vinegar sev● parts , boil them all with a gentle fire to a due co●sistence , and redish colour . virtues . it 's an excellent oyntment to cleanse s● did ulcers , and to eat down proud flesh . oyntment or liniment of gum elemi , ● latin , unguentum , sive linimen●●● gummi elemi . take of gum elemi and of turpentine of 〈◊〉 firr each an ounce and an half , of old sheeps s● cleansed two ounces , of old hogs grease o● ounce , mix them and make a liniment . virtues . it eases pain in sores , it heal ulcers many parts of the body ; but is chiefly used for wo●● and ulcers in the head . basilicon . take of yellow wax , of rosin of the pine , beef suer , greek or ship pitch , turpentine , o● banum , myrrh , each one ounce , oyl five ounces , owder the olib●num and myrrh , and with the ●●st being melted , make an oyntment . virtues . it is esteemed a good digestive , it asswa●s all manner of pains , it in●●rns and heals , it al● gives ●ase in the gout . oyntment of marshmallows , in latin , unguentum di●l●heae . take of th● fresh roots of marsh-mallows bruis● two pound , of linseed , and fenugreek seed , ●ch one pound , infuse them three days in four quarts ● water , then boil them gently , and press out the ●ucilage , whereof take two pound , common oyl ●o quarts , boil them together , till the wa●ry part ● the mucilage is consumed ; then add of wax ●e pound , of rosin half a pound , of turpentine ●o ounces , boil it to the consi●tence of an oynt●nt . virtues . it softens , discusses , digests , eases the ●ns of the breast and sides , and of a pleurisy , the ●ts affected being anointed with it . unguentum diapompholigos . take of oyl of roses twelve ounces , of the ●e of the berries of garden night-shade , six oun● of white wax , and of ceruss washt , each four ●ces , of lead infused in the sharpest vinegar , ● dried and beaten , of pompholix prepared , ● two ounces , of pure franckincense one ounce , ● the oyl and juice gently , till the juice is consud , then add the wax , then the powders made fine ▪ stir them continually till they are cold , then mak● an oyntment . virtues . it cools , dries , and gives ease , and i● e●cellent for curing ulcers . oyntment of elecampane , in latin , ungu●●tum enulatum . take of the roots of elecampane boiled in v●negar , that is not very sharp , bruised and p●lp● one pound , of turpentine washed in the same ●coction two ounces , of yellow wax one ounce , ● old hogs lard salted , and of old oyl , each ●o● ounces , of common salt half an ounce , to the l●● wax , and oyl melted , add the turpentine , ● pulp of elecampane , and the salt finely powder● make an oyntment . virtues . it cures scabs , itch , tetters , ring-w●● oyntment of elecampane with mercury , latin , unguentum enulatum cum m●curio . it is made of the foregoing oyntment , with● ounces of quicksilver added to it extingui●● not only with the spittle or the juice of lem● but also with the oyl of turpentine , kept a ● for this purpose , and with part of the lard , they ● be well mixed by continual stirring in a ● mortar . virtues . it is more powerful then the for● it is used for pains and nod●s in the skin , ● seabs and ulcers . note . purging must be used often , when this ●yntment is ordered ; for otherwise there will be ●nger of its fluxing . oyntment of bays , in latin , unguentum laurinum . take of bay leaves bruised one pound , berries the same bruised half a pound , colewort leaves ●r ounces , ox-feet oyl ●ive pounds , beef suet two ●unds , boil them and strain them , make an oynt●ent . virtues . it is good to be used in all cold distempers , ●ich affect the nerves and joynts , it expels wind ●en in glysters . unguentum nutritum . take of litharge of gold finely powdred , half ●ound , wine vinegar five ounces , oyl of roses ●ound , grind the litharge in a mortar , pouring ●on it by turns , sometimes the oyl , sometimes the ●negar ; stir it till the vinegar does not appear , ●d till the oyntment is white . virtues . it is cooling and drying , and gives ease , cures diseases of the skin . oyntment of tobacco , in latin , unguentum è nicotiana . take of the leaves of tobacco two pounds , of ●sh hogs grease well washed one pound , beat it a marble mortar , add three ounces of red wine , ●u●e them all night , then boil them over a gentle ●e , to evaporate the wine ; strain it , and put it upon the fire again , and add to it of the juice tobacco a pint , of venice turpentine four ounc● boil it again to evaporate the juices . lastly , a● of the roots of round birthwort powdered , t● ounces , of yellow wax a sufficient quantity ; m● an oyntment . virtues . it 's an excellent oyntment to ease p●i● it is good for bruises and wounds , for the biting● venomous beasts , for old scabs , itch , tetters , ri●●orms . oyn●ment of sharp pointed dock , in la●i● unguentum ex oxylap●tho . take of the roots of sharp pointed dock , bo●ed in vinegar till they are sof● , pulp them , of s●phur washed in the juice of lemons , each an ou● and an half , of hogs grease washed often in 〈◊〉 juice of scabious , half a pound , of popul●● oyntment , moistned with the juice of elecamp●● half an ounce , add a few drops of oyl of r●o●um , and mingle them all in a mortar , and so m● an oyntment . virtues . it is chiefly used for the itch , and 〈◊〉 cu●aneous diseases . o●ntment for the eyes , in latin , unguetum ophthalmicum . take of sheeps suet well washed in plan●● and rose water , one ounce , of lapis calam●ris , and prepared tutty , each two scruples , white lead washed two drams , mingle them ● and make an oyntment . virtues . it is good for inflam●ation of the eyes , to ●e pains , and to dry up rheums . pomatum . take of fresh hogs lard three pounds , of fresh eeps suet nine ounces , of apples called pom-wa●s , paired and sliced one pound nine ounces , of ●grant rose water six ounces , of the roots of flo●tine orris grosly powdred six drams ; boil them gether in a bath till the apples are soft ; then strain without pressing , then heat it again a little , and ash it with fresh rose water , and add to every ●und of the oyntment twelve drops of oyl of ●odium . virtues . it is cooling , and eases pain , it takes off ● roughness of the skin and pimples , and heals chaps the hands and lips , and the like . the red drying oyntment ▪ in latin , unguentum rubrum desiccativum . take of oyl of roses , omphacin , one pound , ● white wax five ounces , melt them and sprinkle ●o them , of lemnian earth , bole armonick , ● lapis calamminaris finely powdred , each four ●nces , of litharge , of gold , and ceruss , each ree ounces , of camphir one dram , make an yntment . virtues . it dries , heals and skins / sores , and stops ●xes of humours . oyntments more compound . alabastrin oyntment , in latin , ungu●●tum de alabastro . take of the juice of cammomile four ounces ▪ red roses , and the roots of marsh-mallows , ea● two ounces , of fresh rue and bettony , each ● ounce and an half , of oyl of roses omphac● one pint and an half , of pure alabaster finely po●dred , three ounces , mingle them , and let the● stand till the next day , then boil them till the juic● are evaporated , then with six ounces of white w●● make an oyntment . virtues . it is good for head-aches , the fore●●●● and temples being anointed with it . the apostles oyntment , in latin , ungu●●tum apostolorum . take of turpentine , rosin , yellow wax , a●moniacum , each fourteen drams , of the roots ● long birthwort , male franckincense , bdellium , e●● six drams , of myrrh , galbanum , each half ● ounce , of opoponax three drams , of verdegre●● two drams , of litharge nine drams , oyl a qu●●● of vinegar a sufficient quantity to dissolve the a●moniacum , the opoponax , and galbanum ; the bdellium , galbanum , ammoniacum , and opop●nax must be infused twelve hours in vinegar up● hot ashes , then boil them , and when they are melte● strain them , and with a gentle heat reduce them ● the thickness of honey ; put in the turpentine whil● ●y are hot , mix the litharge finely powdered with ●rt of the oyl over a gentle fire , then add by ●grees the rest of the oyl , and then melt the wax the same , and the rosin grosly powdred , then ke it from the fire , and mix first the gums , then e birthwort , myrrh , and lastly the franckincense , ●d verdegrease powdered ; stir it well , and make ● oyntment . virtues it cleanses old and sinuous ulcers , and eats ●n proud flesh . unguentum aregon . take of the flowers and tops of rosemary ▪ mar●am , wild thyme , and rue , of the roots ● wake-robin , and wild cucumber , each ●r ounces and an half , of the leaves of bays , ●ge , savin , and of the roots of briony , each three ●nces , of flea bane , spurge , lawrel , each nine ●nces , the leaves of wild cucumber , and of calaint each half a pound , they must be all gathered ●sh in may , cleansed and bruised , and infused se●n whole days in five pints of the best oyl , and in ●e pint of spirit of wine ; boil them gently till e watry humor is evaporated , strain out the oyl , ●d melt in it fifteen ounces of yellow wax , of ●ars grease , and oyl of bays each three ounces , ● moscheleum , half an ounce , of petroleum one ●nce , of butter four ounces , stir them , and sprine in the following powders , of mastich , and oli●num , each six drams , of pellitory of spain , eu●orbium , ginger and pepper , each one ounce ; ●ke an oyntment . virtues . it is good for all cold diseases , for palsies , convulsions , cramps , stifness of the joints , it ' good for the colick ▪ pains of the back and reins . oyntment of sow-bread , in latin , unguentum de arthanita . take of the juice of sow-bread , or for wanto● it , a strong decoction of the roots three pints , o● the juice of wild cucumbers , and cows butt●● each one pound , of oyl of orris a quart , of th● pulp of coloquintida four ounces , of poly pod● six ounces , of euphorbium half an ounce , powde● finely the poly pody and euphorbium , and cut smal● the coloquin●ida ; infuse them in a glazed pot eigh● days , afterwards boil them in a double vessel , ti●● the juices are almost ▪ evaporated , strain it , and dissolve in the liquor five ounces of yellow wax , an● while it is yet hot , mingle with it sagapenum , dissolved in vinegar , and bulls gall boiled to the consistence of honey in a bath , each one ounce , the● sprinkle in the following things powdred , of sc●mony , turbith , coloquintida , the berries or leave● of mezereon , and of aloes , each seven drams , ● sal gemma half an ounce , of euphorbium , lo● pepper , myrrh , ginger , and the flowers of camm●mile , each three drams , make an oyntment . virtues . it purges the belly , being anointed wi●● it below the navel ; but anointed above the navel ● the stomach , it occasions vomiting . the countesses oyntment , in latin , unguentum comitissae . take of the middle bark of acorns , chesnuts , ●●d of oak of small black beans , myrtle berries , ●orse-tail , of green galls without holes , of grape●nes , and unripe services dryed , unripe medlars , ●e leaves of wild prunes , the roots of bistort , and ●ormentile , each an ounce and an half , powder ● grosly , and boil them in five quarts of plantain ●ater , till half is consumed , then take of new yel●w wax eight ounces and an half , of simple oyl of ●yrtles two pound and an half , of the juice of ●ypocistis half an ounce , melt all these , and wash ●m nine times in the decoction above mentioned , ●ided into so many parts ; when they are washand dissolved , sprinkle into them the fine powders the middle barks of the acorns , chesnuts , and oak , of the galls without holes , of the ashes of the ●es of ox legs , of myrtle berries , of grape●es unripe , of unripe services dryed , each half ounce , of the troches of ambar two ounces , ●gle them , and with a sufficient quantity of ●l of mastich unwashed , make an oynt●t . virtues . it is very astringent , and strengthengood for luxations , ruptures , and prevents the ●ng of the fundament and miscarriage , the belly reins being anointed with it ; it also stops all ● of fluxes . oyntment for the piles , in latin , unguentum hemorrhoi●●le . take of the mucilage of the seeds of psyllium , of the seeds of quinces , extracted in the water of night-shade , each half an ounce , oyl of roses compleat , one ounce , the yolk of one egg , of hens fat two drams , let them be mixed together in a leaden mortar , with a leaden pestle , by adding a little yellow wax , make an oyntment . virtues . it is peculiarly proper for the piles , the fundament being anointed with it . unguentum martiatum . take of fresh leaves of bays , three pounds , o● garden rue two pounds and an half , of marjora● two pound , of mint one pound , of sage , wormwood , costmary , garden basil , each half a poun● of oyl of olives ten quarts , of yellow wax fo● pound , malago wine a quart ; bruise them , infu● them , boil them , and press them out , and so ma● an oyntment . virtues . it discusses cold swellings , strength●● the nerves and joints , and takes away aches , and good for the head . oyntment of mastich , in latin , ungue●tum mastichinum . take of the oyls of mastich , of wormwo● and nard , each one ounce , of mastich , mi● red roses , red coral , cloves , cinnamon , wo● of aloes , scenanth , each one dram , of wax a sufficient quantity , make an oyntment . virtues . it strengthens the head , and nerves , and stomach , and is astringent . the naples oyntment , in latin , unguentum neapolitanum . take of hogs lard , washed in the juice of sage one pound , of quicksilver strained through ●eather four ounces , of oyl of bays , camomel , ●nd worms , each two ounces , of spike an ounce ●nd an half , of spirit of wine one ounce , of yel●ow wax two ounces , of turpentine washed in ●he juice of elecampane three ounces , of the pow●er of ground pine , and sage , each two drams , ●oil the lard over a gentle fire , with the juice of ●age , till the juice is evaporated ; then mingle the ●yls of camomel , wormes and of spike , and the ●ax , stir them till the wax is melted , and well ●ixed ; then taking them from the fire , add the ●e oyl of bays , in the mean while let the mercury ●e extinguished in a mortar , by rubbing it well ●ith part of the lard , and the turpentine , after●ards mingle them all and stir them about ; then ●●d the powders , and spirit of wine , and stir them ●out again , and so make an oyntment . virtues . it is used for raising of fluxes . nerve oyntment , in latin , unguentum nervinum . take of the leaves of cowslips , with the flow●s , of sage , ground pine , rosmary , lavender , ●ys , with the berries , camomel , rue , smalage , melilot with the flowers , and wormwood , each one handful , of mint , bettony , peny-royal , parsly , of the lesser centaury , st. john's-wort , each half an handful , of the oyl of sheeps feet , or bullocks feet five pints , of sheep or beef suet , or the marrow of either , two pound , of oyl of spike half an ounce , bruise and boil the herbs with the oyl and suet , and so make an oyntment . virtues . it is good for the nerves , and palsies , convulsions , bruises , and old aches , and for the colick , for the palsy and the like , the neck and back bone must be anointed with it . the pectoral oyntment , in latin , unguentum pectorale . take of fresh butter washed in violet water six ounces , of the oyls of sweet almonds four ounces , of camomel and violets , each three ounces , of hens and ducks grease , each two ounces , of the roots of orris two drams , of saffron half a dram , of white wax three ounces , the orris and saffron being finely powdred and the rest melted , make an oyntment . vertues . it is chiefly used for obstructions of the breast , for plurisies , and the like . oyntment of poplar buds , in latin , unguentum populneum . take of the fresh buds of black poplar , a pound and an half , of the leaves of violets , navelwor● of the wall , each three ounces , of fresh hogs lard ▪ unsalted and freed from the skins , and washed , two pound , to all of them being bruised , mixed , and infused together all the month of may , add the tender tops of brambles , of the leaves of black poppies , of mandrakes , or of the berries and leaves of mountain elder , of henbane , night-shade , lettice , houseek , the lesser and the greater , of the greater burdock ▪ each three ounces , bruise them again , and having mixed them all , and having poured upon them after ten days a pint of rose water , boil them over a gentle fire stirring them continually till all the superfluous moister is consumed ; strain them in a press and make an oyntment . virtues . it is very cooling , eases pain , and is used in fevers , to give rest , the temples being anointed with it . unguentum splanchnicum . take of the oyls of capers one ounce , of white lillies , camomile , new made butter , the juice of briony and sow-bread , each half an ounce , boil them till the juices are consumed , then add of gum ammoniacum dissolved in vinegar two drams and an half , of hens-grease , oesypus , the marrow of calves legs , each half an ounce , of the powders of the barks of tamarisk , of the roots of capers , of the roots of fern , and ceterach , each one dram , of the seeds of agnus castus , and broom , each one scruple , of wax a sufficient quantity , make an oynment . virtues it is good for obst uctions , and hardness of the spleen and liver , and for hard tumors , and rickets in children , the parts being anointed with it . oyntment of sumach , in latin , unguentum sumach . take of sumach , unripe galls , myrtle berries , balaustins , pomgranat peels , the bark of acorns , of cypress nuts , of true or german acacia , and of mastich , each ten drams , of white wax five ounces , of oyl of roses washed often in alum water , one pint and ten ounces , powder all those things finely that are to be powdred , and infuse them four whole days in the juice of medlars and unripe services ; then dry them by a gentle fire , and with the oyl and wax , boil it to an oyntment . virtues . it stops fluxes , hinders miscarriage , the reins and belly being anointed with it . cerecloths . cerecloth of galbanum , in latin , ceratum de galbano . take of galbanum prepared an ounce and an half , of turpentine one ounce , of assa fetida half an ounce , of bdellium one dram , of red myrth two drams , of wax two ounces , of the seeds of daucus one scruple , of the leaves of fetherfew , mugwort , each half a dram ; dissolve the gums in vinegar , except the assa fetida , which is to be dissolved with the turpentine , and make a cerecloth . virtues . being applied to the belly it kill● worms , expels wind , provokes the courses , and i● good for mother-fits , and cleanses the womb after labour . cerecloth of sanders , in latin , ceratum santalinum . take of red sanders ten drams , of white and yellow sanders six drams , of red roses an ounce and an half , of bole armonick seven drams , of spodium of ivory half an ounce , of camphor two drams , of yellow wax one pound , of oyl of roses omphacin six ounces , powder all the sanders together , the roses , the bole , ivory , and camphor apart , then melt the wax over a gentle fire , and when they are a little cold mix the powders , and last of all the camphor dissolved in oyl ; mix them well together and make a cerecloth . virtues . it is good for inflamations of the stomach , liver , and other parts , it is good for pains and weakness of the back and reins . plasters , in latin , emplastra . plaster of ammoniacum , in latin , emplastrum de ammoniaco . take of ammoniacum , of wheaten bran well sifted , each an ounce , of the oyntment of marsh-mallows , of compound plaster of melilot , of the powders of the roots of briony and orris , each half an ounce , of the grease of ducks , geese , and hens , each three drams , of bdellium , and galbanum , each one dram and an half , of the rosin of the pine , and yellow wax , each five ounces , of oyl of orris and turpentine , each an ounce and an half , boil the grease and the oyls with the muci● lage of linseeds , and fenugreek seeds , each thre● ounces , till the mucilages are consumed , strain it ▪ and add the wax , rosin , turpentine , oyntmen● of marsh-mallows , with the plaster of melilo● , and when it begins to cool , add the ammoniacum dissolved in vinegar , then the bdellium powdred with the other powders , and so make a plaster . virtues . it dissolves hard swellings , eases the pain of the breasts , and dissolves the swellings of them . plaster of bayberries , in latin , emplastrum è baccis lauri . take of bay-berries skinned two ounces , of franckincense , mastich , and myrrh , each half an ounce , of cyperus , costus , yellow wax , turpen●ine and oyl of bays , each one ounce , of honey just heated four ounces , let the cyperus costus , and bay-berries be finely powdred together , and mixed with the hot honey , the frankincense , mastich , and myrrh , must be powdred apart , and added to the honey , then add the oyl of bay-berries , the turpentine , and the wax melted together , and make a plaster . virtues . it expels wind , and strengthens the stomach , and ●ases pain proceeding from cold or wind . emplastrum barbarum magnum . take of dry pitch eight pound , of yellow wax ●ix pound eight ounces , of rosin of the pine five pound four ounces , of judaick bitumen , or of mummy four pound , of oyl one pint and an half , of verdegrease , litharge , and ceruss , each three ounces , of frankincense half a pound , of liquid alum , or of roch alum not burnt , an ounce and an half , of roch alum burnt four ounces , of opoponax , scales of brass , galbanum , each twelve drams , of aloes , opium and myrrh , each half an ounce , of turpentine two pounds , of the juice of mandrakes , or of the bark of the roots dryed six drams , of vinegar five pints ; the litharge , ceruss , and oyl must be boiled to the consistence of honey , the pitch being melted and incorporated with the powder of the bitumen , then add and boil the other things , till the vinegar is consumed , at last add the turpentine . virtues . it is reckoned good for the biting of venomous creatures , to take off inflamations , and for pains and weakness of the joints . plaster of bettony , in latin , emplastrum de betonica . take of green bettony , burnet , agrimony sage , penny royal , mille-foyl , the lesser centaury , the greater comfry , clary , each six ounces , frankincense , mastich , each three drams , of orris , round b●rthwort , each six drams , of white wax and turpentine , each eight ounces , of rosin of the pine six ounces , of gum elemy , and oyl of firr , each two ounces , of white wine three pints ; beat the herbs well in a morter , and infuse them a whole week in the white wine , stir them , and boil them ; having strained out the wine hard , and boiled with ● gentle fire to the consumption of a third part , add the oyl of firr ▪ then the wax melted ▪ presently after the rosin and the gum , then the turpentine ; having boiled them a little , and removed them from the fire , and cool them by degrees , add the powders of orris , and of birthwort , stir them well , and make a plaster . virtues . it is used for diseases of the head an● joints , and for cementing broken bones . emplastrum caesaris . take of red roses an ounce and an half , of the roots of bistort , cyperuss-nuts , all the sanders , mint coriander seeds , each three drams , mastich hal an ounce , hypocistis , acacia , dragons blood seal'd earth , true bole , red coral , each two drams of turpentine washed in plantain water four ounces of oyl of roses three ounces , of white wax twelve ounces , rosin of the pine ten ounces , of pitch si● ounces , of the juices of plantain , housleek , and orpin , each one ounce ; to the wax , rosin , and pitch melted together , add the turpentine and oy● then the hypocistis , and acacia , dissolved in the ●oresaid juices , lastly the powders , and so make ● plaster . virtues . it is very astringent , it strengthens th● back , and takes off the pains of it , and is good for th● weakness of the joints . a plaster for the head , in latin , emplastrum cephalicum . take of clear rosin two ounces , of black pitc one ounce , of labdanum , turpentine , the flower of be●ns , and orobus , and pidgeons dung , eac● half , an ounce of gum of juniper and nut●megs each two drams , dissolve the myrrh with th● labdanum in a hot morter , and mingle the res● and so make a plaster ; if you desire to have i stronger , add of the powder of euphorbium , of pellitory of spain , and of black pepper each two scruples . virtues . it strengthens the head , and eases the head-ach , being applied to the crown of the head shaved , and to the temples , but is commonly applied to the soles of the feet , to draw humors from the head . the plaster of hemlock with ammoniacum , in latin , emplastrum de cicuta cum ammoniaco . take of the juice of the leaves of hemlock four ounces , of vinegar of squills , and gum ammoniacum , each eight ounces , dissolve the gum in the juice and vinegar , after due infusion strain them , and boil them to a plaster . virtues . it is good to soften hard swellings , and to take off inflamations . plaster of cummin , in latin , emplastrum è cymino . take of the seeds of cummin , bay berries , and yellow wax , each one pound , of rosin of the pine two pound , of common rosin three pound , of oyl of dill , half a pound , mingle them and make a plaster . virtues . this is good for windy ruptures , and to expel wind . plaster called diachalcitis , in latin , emplastrum diachaciteos . take of old fresh hogs lard , cleansed from the skins , two pound , of old oyl of olives , litharge of gold powdred and sifted , each three pound , white vitriol burnt and powdred four ounces , the litharge , lard , and oyl , must be boiled together over a gentle fire , with a little plantain water , to the consistence of a plaster ; take it from the fire and add the vitriol , make a mass . virtues . it is cooling , drying , and binding , it is commonly used to drive away milk. this was formerly called diapalma . simyle diachylon , in latin , diachylon simplex . take of the mucilages of fenugreek , and linseed , and of the roots of marshmallows , each one pound , of old clear oyl three pound , of litharge of gold , a pound and an half , that you may have a sufficient quantity of the mucilage ; take of the seeds of fenugreek , and flax seed , and of the roots of marsh-mallows , each three ounces , of common water three quarts ; the litharge must be finely powdred , and being well mixed with the oyl must boil over a gentle fire to the consistence of honey ; take it from the fire , and let it cool , then add the mucilages , and boil them with a gentle fire , till the watry part of them is evaporated , and make a plaster . virtues . it mollifies , discusses , and heals . diachylon with orris , in latin , diachylon ireatum . it 's made of the foregoing plaster an ounce of powdred orris being added to every pound of the plaster . great diachylon , in latin , diachylon magnum . take of the mucilages of raisins of the sun , of fat figs , of the roots of marsh-mallows , of linseeds , and fenugreek-seeds , and of bird ●ime , the juice of orris , squills , oesypus , or of the oyl of sheeps feet , each one ounce and an half , of oyl of orris , camomel , and dill , each eight ounces , of litharge of gold finely powdred one pound , of turpentine three ounces , of rosin of the pine , and yellow wax each two ounces ; the litharge must be finely powdred , and well mixed with the oyl , then boil it over a gentle fire , and stir it continually till it is thick ; then take it from the fire , and when it is a little cool add the mucilages , first boiled with the oyls and strained , and gently boiled to the consumption of the superfluous moister ; afterwards add the birdlime and oesypus , dissolved with the juice of orris and squills , boil them till the juices are consumed ; in all these whilst they are boiling must be melted the wax and rosin ; then take them presently from the fire , and mingle with them the turpentine , stirring it well , that the whole mixture may obtain the consistence of a plaster . virtues . it is cleansing and healing , and is good for swellings and inflamations ; for it discusses , softens , and is anodyn . great diachylon with gums , in latin , diachylon magnum cum gummi . take of bdellium , sagapenum , ammoniacum ▪ each two ounces , dissolve them in wine and strain them , and boil them to the consistence of honey ▪ then add them to the mass of the great diachylon . virtues . it dissolves , digests , and ripens hard swellings , and is indeed an excellent plaster for those purposes . plaster of the mucilages , in latin , emplastrum è mucilagnibus , five diachylon compositum . take of the mucilages of the middle bark of the elm , of the roots of marsh-mallows , of linseed and fenugreek-seed , each four ounces and an half , of oyl of cammomile , lillies and dill , each an ounce and an half , of ammoniacum , galbanum ▪ sagapenum , and opoponax , each half an ounce ▪ of yellow wax twenty ounces , of turpentine two ▪ ounces , saffron two drams , the mucilages being extracted with water , boil them over a gentle fire with the oyls , to the consumption of the watry moisture , melt the wax , cut in peices in these , and stir them with a spatula ; take them from the fire , and whilst it is yet warm , add by degrees the gums dissolved in turpentine , and stir them well ; lastly add the saffron finely powdred , and so make a plaster . virtues . it is an excellent plaster to suppurate tumors a blistering plaster , in latin , emplastrum epistpasticum . take of simple melilot plaster three ounces , of venice turpentine , and whole cantharides , each one ounce , of burgundy pitch three drams ; make a plaster . virtues . blistering plasters applyed to the neck , arms , and wrists , or legs , do good in fevers , by evacuating the humors , and diverting them from the head ; they are also used to the neck , for head aches , apoplexies , and defluxions on the eyes or teeth . the plaster called the flower of oyntments , in latin , flos unguentorum . take of rosin , rosin of the pine , yellow wax , and sheep-suet , each half a pound , of olibanum four ounces , of turpentine two ounces and an half , of myrrh and mastich , each one ounce , of camphor two drams , of white wine half a pint ; boil them to a plaster . virtues . it dissolves and digests tumors , it is drawing , cleansing , and good for strains . the plaster of lapis calaminaris , in latin , emplastrum griseum de lapide calaminari . take of lapis calaminaris prepared one ounce , of litharge two ounces , of ceruss half an ounce , of tutty one dram , of turpentine six drams , of white wax an ounce and an half , of deers suet two ounces , of choice franckincense five drams , of mastich three drams , of myrrh two drams , 〈◊〉 camphir one dram and an half , melt the turpe●tine , wax and suer , and then add the powders 〈◊〉 franckincense , mastich and myrrh , and the●e bein● well mixed , add the powder of lapis calaminar●● litharge , ceruss , and tu●●y , and last whilst it ▪ ● yet hot add the camphir dissolved in a little spiri● of wine , make a pla●●er . virtues . it cools , heals , and drys , it is good fo● inflamations and to ease pain . plaster of hermodactiles , in latin , emplastrum de hermodactilis take of the mass of the plaster diachalclti●●ight ounces , of burgundy p●●ch melted and strained through canvass , four ounces , of white venice soap , and of new yellow wax , each three ounces , of butter of oranges one ounce , of the seeds of cummin , hermodactiles , each an ounce and an half ▪ of the leaves of dryed wormwood , of the flowers of cammomile , and of florentine orris , each half an ounce ; powder those things finely that are to be powdred ▪ and make a plaster . virtue . it eases pains of the gout . plaster for ruptures , in latin , emplastrum ad herniam . take of galls , cyperus-nuts , pomgranat peel , bal●u●in● , acacia , the seeds of planta●● ▪ fleabane , cresses , cups of acorns , beans torri●ied long and ●ound b●rthwor● , my●●les ▪ of each half an ounce , powder all ●hese things ▪ and i●fu●e them four days in rose vinegar , then torrifie and dry them ; th●n ●ake of the greater and lesser comfry , of horse●aile , woad , ceterach , of the roots of royal os●und and fern , each one ounce , of franckincense , myrrh and aloes , mastich and mummy , each two ●unces , of bole armonick washed in vinegar , la●●s calaminaris prepared , litharge of gold and ●ragons blood , each three ounces , of ship pitch ●wo pound , of turpentine six ounces , or so much 〈◊〉 is sufficient to make a plaster . virtues . it is used for ruptures , strengthens the ●ack , stops fluxes , and prevents miscarriage . hysterick plaster , in latin , emplastrum hystericum . take of the roots of bistort one pound , of the ●ood of aloes , yellow sanders , nutmegs , the ●ones of barberries , rose-seeds , cinnamon , cloves , cenanth , flowers of cammomile , each half an ●unce , franckincense , mastich , alipta moschata , ●allia moschata , storax calamit strained , each ●e dram , of the best musk half a dram , of yel●w wax one pound and an half , of turpentine ●lf a pound , moscheleum four ounces , labdanum ●ur pound , ship pitch three pound , the wax and 〈◊〉 must be melted in oyl , then must be added ●e labdanum and turpentine , then the storax , to 〈◊〉 being well mixed and cooled add the powders , ●●n the alipta , and the gallia moschata , and last ● all ▪ the musk dissolved in aromatick wine ; stir ●m well together , and make a plaster . virtues ▪ it is good for hysterick fits , being ap●●d to the navel . the plaster of mastich , in latin , empstrum de mastiche . take of mastich , three ounces , of bole a●●nick washed in red wine an ounce and an half , red roses six dramss of ivory and myrtle ●ri●s , each half an ounce , of turpentine , c●phony , tacamahaca , labdanum , each two ou● yellow wax half a pound , oyl of myrtles 〈◊〉 ounces , powder those things apart that are 〈◊〉 powdred , then melt the wax in the oyl ; ta● from the fire and add the turpentine , afterward bole , the roses , and the ivory finely powdred , of all the mastich : all must be very well 〈◊〉 in a mortar somewhat hot ; make a plaster . virtues . it stops defluxions and vomiting , strengthens the stomach , being applied to it . simple plaster of melilot , in latin , em●strum de meliloto simplex . take of pure rosin eight pound , of yellow ● four pound , of sheeps suet two pound , melt 〈◊〉 add to them of green melilot cut small five po● and make a pla●●er . virtues . it draws gently , and is most c●m● used for dressing of b●●sters . red lead plaster , in latin , emplas●● de minio . take of red lead nine ounces , of oyl of roses a pint and an half , o● white wine vin six ounces , boil them to a plaster , it is also p● ●d without vinegar . as , take of red lead on●●und , of oyl of roses a pint and an half , of wax ●lf a pound , make a plaster ; the wax also may ● left out . virtues . it is a good cooling , healing , and drying ●●ster . nerve plaster , in latin , emplastrum nervinum . take of oyl of cammomile and roses , each ●o ounces , of mastich , turpentine and flax , ●ch an ounce and an half , of clear turpentine ●ur ounces , of the suet of a gelded calf , and of hee goat , each two ounces and an half , of the ●rbs rosmary , bettony , horstail , and the lesser ●entaury , each one handful ; of earthworms wash● and purged in wine three ounces , of the tops of 〈◊〉 john's-wort one handful , of mastich powdred , ●um elemi , and the roots of madder , each ten ●ams , ship pitch and rosin , each an ounce and ● half , of litharge of gold and silver , each two ●nces and an half , of red lead two ounces , of ●albanum , sagapenum , and ammoniacum , each ●ree drams , boil the roots , herbs , and worms in pint and an half of wine , till half is consumed ; ●en press it out , and boil the liquor again with the ●yl , suet , litharge and red lead , till the wine ● consumed ; then add the gums dissolved in fra●ant wine , then the turpentine , and lastly the ro●n , pitch , and mastich powdred , and make a pla●er . virtues . it is good for weakness of the nerves and ●ints . oxycroceum . take of saffron two ounces and an half , ship pitch , colophony , yellow wax , each s● ounces , of turpentine , galbanum ▪ ammoniac● myrrh , olibanum , mastich , each one ounce ● three drams ; to the wax melted add the p● cleansed from its filth and strained , then the colopny ; to these melted and taken from the fire a little cooled , add the galbanum and ammo●cum , dissolved a part in vinegar and strained , a boiled to the consumption of the vinegar , and mi● with the turpentine ; then sprinkle in the franckcense , mastich and myrrh powdred , finely apart ; l●ly the saffron finely powdred mix them well , a make a plaster . virtues . it comforts the limbs , is good for ac● is emollient , and discusses cold tumors . plaster of frogs , in latin , emplastrum ranis . take of live frogs number six , of worms waed in wine three ounces and an half , of oyl of ●momel , dill , spike , or of broad leaved laven● extracted by distillation , and of lillies each t● ounces , of oyl of bay-berries one ounce and an half oyl of saffron one ounce , of the fats of a hog an● calf , each one pound , of a viper two ounces ▪ and half , of euphorbium five drams , of franckince●ʒ x of the juice of the roots of elecampane and gro● elder , each two ounces , of scenanth , stechas , a of fever-few with the flowers , each one hand● of fragrant wine two pints ▪ of litharge of g● one pound , of clear turpentine two ounces , yellow wax four ounces , of liquid storax an ounce d an half , of quicksilver four ounces , boil the ogs , the worms ▪ and the herbs , with the juices , d oyls of cammomile , dill , lillies ; the grease d fat ▪ and with a pint and an half of the wine ; the strained liquor add , the litharge , the wax ● small , and the remaining half pint of the wine ; ● them again till all the wine is evaporated , and ●il it does not stick to the fingers ; then add the l of saffron , bay-berries , of spike , and the fat the viper , afterwards the powder of franckinnse , and the euphorbium , lastly when it is alost cold , the quicksilver well mixed with the orax and turpentine , and stir them altogether at they may be well mixed ; and make a plaer . virtues . it is chiefly used to dissolve hard swel●gs . emplastrum de sandice . take of the oyls of calves , orof neats feet , of flax , ●ch one pound , of white lead , and red lead , each ●ght ounces , of rosin and yellow wax , each four ●nces , of camphir half an ounce ; mingle them ; ●ke a plaster . virtues . it gives ease , is drying , and nd for inflamations plaster of soap , in latin , emplastrum e sapone . take of common oyl two pound , red lead one ound , set them on the fire , and stir them until they e mixed ; take it from the fire , and mix with them half a pound of venice soap cut in small pi●ces , whilst it is yet hot . virtues . it is proper for the gout , and pains the joints . emplastrum sticticum paracelsi . take of oyl of olives six ounces , of yello● wax an ounce and an half , of litharge powdre four ounces and an half , of ammoniacum and b dellium , each half an ounce , of galbanum , op●ponax , oyl of bays , lapis calaminaris , of bo● the birthworts , myrrh , and franckincense , eac two drams , of pure turpentine one ounce , boil th oyl and litharge together , keep them stirring , an let them be well mixed ; when it will not stick t the fingers , take it from the fire and melt the wax then add the turpentine mixed with the gums , afterwards add the powders , and when they are a● cold , add the franckincense , then the oyl of bays and make a plaster . virtues . it is commonly used for bruises and aches the magisterial stomach plaster , in latin emplastrum , stomachicum magistral● take of mint , wormwood , stechas , the leave of bays , each one dram , marjoram ▪ red roses yellow sanders , each two drams , sweet smelling flag , wood of aloes , flowers of lavender , nutmegs , cubebs , galingal , long pepper , mace , each one dram , of mastich three drams , of cloves two drams and an half , of oyl of mint an ounce and an half ▪ of nard oyl one ounce , oyl of spike one dram , rosin , wax , each four ounces , labdanum ●ee ounces , storax strained half an ounce ; make plaster . virtues . it comforts and strengthens the stomach . chymical medicines that are frequently used . bezoardicum minerale . melt in hot ashes two ounces of the butter of atimony , and pour it into a viol or bolt head , drop ●o it good spirit of nitre , until the matter is perctly dissolved ; commonly so much spirit of nitre requisite as there is butter of antimony ; during the solution there will rise up vapours , that you must ave a care of , and therefore will do well to place e vessel in a chimney ; pour your solution into glass body , or an earthen dish , and evaporate it a gentle sand-fire , until it is dry , there will re●ain a white mass , which you must let cool , then our upon it two ounces of spirit of nitre ; set the essel again in the sand , and evaporate the liquor s before , once more pour two ounces of spirit of nitre unto the white mass , and having evaporated he humidity , increase the fire a little , and calcine he matter for half an hours time , then take it off he fire and you will have a white powder , which ou must keep in a viol well stopt . virtues . it is sudorifick and serves for the same ses as diaphoretick antimmy . dose . is from six to twenty grains , in broth or ●me proper liquor . diaphoretick antimony , in latin , antimonium diaphoreticum . powder and mix well together one part of antimony with three parts of purified salt petre , and having heated the crucible red hot in the coals , cast into it a spoonful of your mixture , you 'll hear ● noise or detonation , after that is over , cast in another spoonful , and continue to do so , till all you● powder is in the crucible ; leave a great fire about it two hours , then throw your matter , which will be white into an earthen pan , almost filled with fountain water , and leave it a steeping warm ten or twelve hours , that the fixed salt petre may dissolve in it ; separate the liquor by inclination ▪ wash the white powder that remains at bottom five or six times with warm water , and dry it . this is called diaphoretick antimony . virtues . it is good to procure sweat , and to resist poyson , for malignant diseases and the plague . dose . it may be given from six grains to thirty ▪ in some proper liquor . liver of antimony , in latin , crocus metallorum . take a pound of antimony , and so much salt petre , powder them and mix them well together ; put this mixture into an iron mortar , and cover it with a tyle , leave an open place nevertheless , through which you may convey a coal of fire , and take it out again ▪ the matter will flame , and cause a great detonation , which being over and the mortar growing cold , strike against the bottom , that the matter ●ay fall down , then separate the dross with a ham●er from the shining part , which is called liver of antimony , to make the emetick wine , you must ●fuse an ounce of the liver of antimony , pow●red in a quart of white wine four and twenty hours , ●nd so let it settle . the dose of this wine is ●rom half an ounce to two ounces ; that which is ●alled crocus metallorum , is nothing but the liver ●f antimony washed several times with warm wa●r , and afterwards dryed . dose . is from two to eight grains . glass of antimony , in latin , vit●um antimonii . calcine in a small fire a pound of antimony in ●owder , in an earthen pot unglazed , stir the mat●● continually with an iron spatula , until vapours ●ise no longer ; but if notwithstanding your stir●●g , the powder should chance to run to lumps , as ● often happens to do ; put it into a mortar and ●owder it , then calcine it again ▪ and when it will ●●e no more , and is of a grey colour , put it into good crucible covered with a tyle , and set it in wind furnace , wherein you must make a very vi●ent coal fire round about the crucible , to the ●d the matter may melt , about an hour afterwards ●cover the crucible , and put in the end of an i●n rod into it , see whether the matter that sticks to is become diaphanous ; if it be , pour it upon a ●arble well warmed , it will congeal , and you 'll ●ve the glass of antimony which you must let cool , ●d so keep it for use . virtues . it is of it self the most violent vomit that made of antimony . dose . it is given in substance from two grain● to six . the following vomitive pill was frequently used wit● ex●ellent success , by a famous mountebank in england . take of glass of antimony powdred , and crea● of tartar , each one ounce , with a sufficient quantity of common treacle , make pills of the bigne● of a large pease ; sprinkle them with fine wheate● flower ; one is a dose . mercurius vitae . melt in a hot sand butter of antimony , mad● in the following manner , powder and mix six oun●ces of regulus of antimony , with a pound of sub●limat corosive , put this mixture into a glass retor● whose half remains empty , set your retort in san● and after having fitted to it a receiver , and lut● the junctures ; you must first make a small ●i● under it , and there will distil a clear oyl , after th● augment the ●ite a little , and there will come for● a white thick liquor like butter , which will stop t● neck of the retort and break it , if you did not ta● care to set the live coals near it , that it may me● and run into the receiver , continue the fire , un● you see a red vapour come forth ; then take aw● the receiver and put another in its place filled wi● water : increase the fire by degrees , to make t● retort red hot , and the mercury will run into t● water ; dry it and keep it for use as other me●curies . virtues . the butter of antimony is caustick . melt , as i said before , the butter of antimony , ●our it into an earthen pan , wherein are two or three ●arts of warm water , a white powder will pre●pitate , which must be sweetned with many lotions , ●d then kept for use . it is improperly called mer●ius vitae . virtues . it purges strongly upwards and down●rds . dose . it may be taken from two grains to eight , ● broth or some proper liquor . common regulus of antimony , in latin , re-regulus antimonii . take sixteen ounces of antimony , twelve oun● of crude tartar , and six ounces of salt petre ●ri●ied , powder them and mix them well together , ●n heat a large crucible red hot , throw into it a ●onful of your mixture , and cover it with a tyle ●il the detonation is over , continue to throw into ● crucible spoonfuls of this mixture , one after other , until all of it is spent , then light a great ● about it , and when the matter has been some ●e in fusion , pour it into a mortar or an iron ●uld greased with suet and heated ; then strike ● sides of the said mould or mortar with tonges , make the regulus precipitate to the bottom ; ●en it is cold , separate it from the dross that re●ins at the top of it with a hammer , and after ● have powdred it , melt it in another crucible , 〈◊〉 throw into it a little salt-petre , there will rise ●e little flame from it ; then pour out the matter ● an iron mortar well cleansed and greased , let ●ool , and you have four ounces and an half of ●ulus ; if you melt it over again , and form it into balls of the bigness of a pill , you have a per● petual pill ; that is to say , such as being taken an● voided fifty times , will purge every time , yet ther● is hardly any sensible diminution . this regulus 〈◊〉 melted in a crucible , and then cast into moulds t● make cups , but it is somewhat hard to do it , by reason of a sharpness in the regulus , that hinders i● parts from uniting , so as to spread well ; if ●o● put white wine in these cups , it will vomit lik● the emetick wine . cinnabar of antimony , in latin , cinnabaris antimonii . fill a retort half full of sublimate corrosive an● antimony , powdr●d and mixed well together , s● the retort in sand , in a small furnace , and fittin● a receiver to it , and luting the junctures , procee● in the distillation , in the same manner as i shewe● in making butter of antimony . when the re● vapours begin to appear , take away the receiv● and put another in its place , without luting the ju●ctures , increase the ●●re by little and little , till yo● make the retort red hot , continue it so three 〈◊〉 four hours , then let the retort cool and break 〈◊〉 you 'll find a cinnabar sublimed , and adhering 〈◊〉 the neck ; separate it , and keep it . virtues . it is a good remedy for the pox , and f●ling sickness , it forces sweat . dose . it may be given from six to fifteen grai● note . the butter of antimony distilled in t● first part of this operation is caustick , like the ●th● before described . mercury c●rr●sive , in latin , mercurius sublimatus corrosivus . put a pound of mercury revived from cinnabar 〈◊〉 a matrass ; pour upon it eighteen ounces of ●e spirit of nitre , ●et your matrass in sand a lit●e warm , and leave it there till it be all dissolved ; ●our your dissolution which will be clear as water , 〈◊〉 a glass or ●arthen pan , and evaporate the li●or gently in sand , until there remains a white ●lass , which you must powder in a glass mortar , ●●d mix with a pound of vitriol calcined white , and ● much salt decrepitated , put this mixture into a ●atrass , two thirds whereof must at least remain ●pty : place your matrass in sand , and begin with ●v●ng a small fire , which you must continue so for ●ree hours , then increase it with coals to a pretty ●od strength there will rise a sublimat to the top ● the matrass , the operation must be ended in six ● seven hours , let the matrass cool then break it , ●oiding a kind of light powder that flies in the air , ●●en the matter is stirred , you 'll have a pound of ●ry good sublimat ; keep it for use : the red sco●● that are found at the bottom , must be flung a●y as useless . virtues . this sublimat is a powerful escharotick , ●eats proud flesh , and cleanses old ulcers very well : half a dram of it be dissolved in a pint of lime ●er it turns yellow , and makes that which is called 〈◊〉 phagedenick water , which is used for she same pur●●s , but is more gentle . mercury water . take of the roots of white lillies two dram● boil them in a sufficient quantity of fountain wate● to a pint , strain it , and add to it two drams of bi●ter almonds blanched , dissolve in it in a glass mo●tar , two drams of mercury sublimat , make a whi● water . virtues . this is good to take off spots or pimpl● from the face , and to beautisie it . sweet sublimat , in latin , mercurius ducis . powder sixteen ounces of sublimat corrosive 〈◊〉 a marble or glass mortar , mix with it by little an● little , twelve ounces of mercury revived from ci●nabar ; stir this mixture with a wooden pestle , u●til all the quicksilver becomes imperceptible ; the● put this gray powder into several viols , or into matrass , two thirds whereof remain empty ; pla● your vessel in sand , and give a little fire at firs● then augment to the third degree , continue it 〈◊〉 this condition until your sublimat is made , whi● usually happens in four or five hours ; break your v●ols , and fling away a little light earth that is fou● at bottom ; separate also that which sticks to t● neck of the viols or matrass , and keep it for oyn● ments against the itch , but gather up carefully a● that is in the middle , which is very white , and ha●ing powdred it , resublime it in viols or a matra● as before ; separate once more the matter that is 〈◊〉 the middle , and resublime it in other viols as befor● lastly , separate the earthy matter at the botto● ●nd the fuliginous that lies in the neck of the viols , ●nd keep the sublimat that is in the middle ; for it 〈◊〉 sufficiently dulcified . virtues . it is used for all sorts of venerial diseas●s , it opens obstructions , and kills worms ; it purges ●ently by stool . dose . it may be given from six to thirty grains , ●in pills or the like . white precipitat , in latin , mercurius praecipitatus albus . dissolve in a glass cucurbit sixteen ounces of mercury revived from cinnabar , with eighteen or twenty ounces of spirit of nitre ; when the dissolution is made , pour upon it salt water filtrated , made of ten ounces of sea salt , in two quarts of water , add to this about half an ounce of the volatile spirit of sal armoniack , there will precipitate 〈◊〉 very white powder , that you must leave for a sufficient time to settle , then having poured off the water by inclination , wash i● several times with fountain water , and dry it in the shade . 〈◊〉 it is used to raise a flux with , and to ●ure tettars and the itch . dose . it may be given inwardly from four to fifteen grains in pills ; when it is used outwardly , a dram or two drms of it may be mixed with an ounce of pomatum . red precipitat , in latin , mercurius praecipitatus ruber . take eight ounces of mercury revived from cinnabar , dissolve it in eight or nine ounces of spirit of nitre ; pour the dissolution into a viol o● matrass with a short neck , set it in sand and evaporate all the moisture with a gentle heat , until there remains a white mass , then quicken the fire by little and little to the third degree , and keep it in this condition till all your matter is turned red ; the● take it off the fire , let the viol cool , and break it to obtain your precipitat , which weighs nine ounces . virtues . it is a good escharotick ▪ it eats proud fiesh , and is used for laying open of chancres , mixed with burnt alum , aegyptiacum , and the common suppuratives ; some give four grains of ●it inwardly to raise a flux ; but unless rectified spirit of wine be burnt upon it two or three times , it is dangerous to be given inwardly . turbith mineral , in latin , turpethum minerale . put four ounces of quicksilver revived from cinna●ar into a glass retor● ▪ and pour upon it sixteen ounces of oyl of vitriol ; set your retort in sand , and when the mercury is dissolve● , 〈◊〉 fire ●nderneath it , and distil the humidity ; make the fire strong enough towards the end , to drive out some of the last spirit of all ; afterwards break the retort , and powder in a glass mortar , a white mass you 'll find within it , which weighs five ounces and an half , pour warm water upon it , and the matter will presently change into a yellow powder which you must dulcifie by a great many repeated lotions ; then dry it in the shade : you 'll have three ounces and two drams of it . virtues . it purges strongly both by vomit and stools it is given in venerial diseases . dose . six or nine grains of it may be given at a time in pills . aethiops mineralis . take of the flowers of sulphur two parts , of crude mercury one part , mingle them well together in a glass mortar , then fire it , and so make a black powder . virtues . it is used in the french pox , for a dropsy and for old sores . dose . half a dram of it may be taken night ●nd morning mixed with a little syrup of gilly●owers , or made into a bolus with conserve of ro●s , for the space of three weeks , or a month ; but ● will be convenient to purge once a week , although ●here is no fear of its fluxing . arcanum corallinum . put red pr●cipirat into an earthen pot , and pour ●pon it spirit of wine well rectified , then fire it , ●●d when the spirit is consumed add more ; do so ●x times . virtues . it purg●s , and sometimes procures a vo●it , it opens obstructions , and dissolv●s a schirrou● , ●nd cures the pox . dose . three or six grains may be given at a ●●me . steel prepared , in latin , chalybs praeparatus ▪ take of the filings of steel separated from the filth by a loadstone , as much as you please , moisten them twelve times with sharpe white wine vinegar , and dry them in the sun , or in a dry or warm air , then grind them upon a porphyry stone , pouring upon them a little cinnamon water , and le● them be reduced to a very fine powder , and kep● for use . it may be also prepared by thrusting role● of brimstone upon red hot steel , for then it wil● melt by drops into a bucket of water placed unde● it ; dry it , and powder it , and keep it for use . virtues . it is good to open obstructions , an● sweeten the blood , and for hysterick , and hypochondriack difeases . dose . eight or ten grains of it may be taken i● a morning , mixed with conserve of roman wormwood , for the space of a month , drinking upon i● a good draught of wormwood wine or beer . opening saffron of mars , in latin , crocus martis aperitivus . wash well several iron plates , and expose then to the dew for a good while , they will rust , and yo● must gather up this rust , set the same plates again t● receive the dew , and gather the rust as before continue to do so till you have gotten enough , th● rust is really better then all the preparations of iron that is called crocus . virtues . it is excellent for obstructions of th● liver , pancreas , spleen , and mesentery ; it is use very succesfully for the green sickness , stopping 〈◊〉 the courses , dropsies , and other diseases that proceed from obstructions . dose . the same with the former in lozenges or pills . astringent saffron of mars , in latin , crocus martis astringens . take equal quantities of filings of steel and sulphur powdred , mix them together , and make them ●nto a paste with water ; put this past into an earthen ●pan , and leave it a fermenting four or five hours , ●fter which put the pan over a good fire , and stir ●he matter with an iron spatula ; it will flame , and when the sulphur is burnt , it will appear black , but ●ontinuing a good strong fire , and stirring it about ●wo hours , it will be of a very red colour , then wash it five or six times in strong vinegar , leaving 〈◊〉 to steep an hour at a time , then calcine it in a ●ot , or upon a tyle in a great fire five or six hours , ●fter that let it cool , and keep it for use . virtues . it stops a loosness , the immoderate fluxes 〈◊〉 the hemorrhoids and courses dose . a scruple or a dram may be t●ken a time 〈◊〉 lozenges or pills . salt or vitriol of mars , in latin , sal martis . take a clean frying pa● , and pour into it an e●●al weight of spirit of wine and oyl of vitriol ; ●t it for some time in the sun , and then in the shade ●ithout stirring it ; you will find all the liquor in●rporated with the mars , and turned into a salt that you must dry , and then separate from the pan , keep it in a viol well stopt . virtues . it is an admirable remedy for all diseases that proceed from obstructions . dose . six or twelve grains may be taken at a time , in broath or some proper liquor . note . syrup of steel may be made presently of it in the following manner . take of salt of mars two drams , of compound gentian water one ounce , of altering syrup of apples nine ounces ; mingle them . volatile spirit of sal armoniac , in latin , spiritus salis armoniaci . take eight ounces of sal armoniack , and twenty four ounces of quicklime , powder them apart , and when you have mixed them in a mortar , pour on them four ounces of water , and put it quickly into a retort , half whereof must remain empty ; set your retort in a sand furnace , and fitting to it a great receiver , and luting the junctures exactly , begin the distillation without fire for a quarter of an hour ; afterwards increase it by little and little , unto the second degree , continue it till nothing more comes forth ; take off your receiver , and pour out the spirit immediately into a viol , turning away your head as much as may be , to avoid a very subtle vapour that continually ri●es from it , stop the bottle close with wax , to keep the spirit in ; you will have of it five ounces and six drams . virtues . it is an excellent remedy for all diseases that proceed from obstructions , and corruption of humors , as malignant fevers , the falling sickness , palsy , plague , and the like ; it drives by perspiration or by urine . dose . it may be taken from six drops to twenty , in a glass of balm or carduus water . spirit of salt , in latin , spiritus salis. dry salt over a little fire , or else in the sun ; then powder finely two pounds of it , mix it well with six pounds of potters earth powdred , make up a hard past of this mixture , with as much rain water as is necessary ; form it into little pellets of the bigness of a nut , and set them in the sun a good while a drying ; when they are perfectly dry , put them into a large earthen pot , or glass one luted , whereof a third part must remain empty ; place this retort in a reverberatory furnace , and fit to it a large capacious receiver , without luting the junctures ; give a very moderate heat a● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the retort , and make an insipid water come forth drop by drop ; when you perceive some white clouds succeed these drops , pour out that which is in the receiver , and having refitted it , lute the junctures close , increase the fire by degrees to the last degree of all , and continue it in this condition twelve or fifteen hours , all this while the receiver will be hot , and full of white clouds ; but when it grows cold , and the clouds disappear , the operation is at an end ; unlute the junctures , and you will find the spirit of salt in the receiver ; pour it into an earthen of glass bottle , and stop it well with wax . virtues . it is an aperitive , and is used in juleps to an agreeable acidity , for such as are subject to the gravel , it is also used to cleanse the teeth , being tempered with a little water , and to consume the rottenness of the bones . sweet spirit of salt , in latin , spiritus salis dulcis . mix equal parts of spirit of salt and spirit of wine ; set them in digestion two or three days in a double vessel , in a gentle sand heat . virtues . it 's esteemed better than the other to be taken inwardly , because it 's less corrosive . dose . it may be given from four to twelve drops in some proper liquor . lapis medicamentosus . powder and mix together colcothar , or red vitriol that remains in the retort after the spirit is drawn out ▪ or for want of it , vitriol calcined to a redness , two ounces of litharge , alom , and bole armonick , each four ounces ; pu● this mixture into a glazed pot , and pour upon it good vinegar enough to cover the matter two fingers high , cover the pot , and leave it two days in digestion ; then add to it eight ounces of nitre , two ounces of sal armonick , set the pot over the fire , and evaporate all the moisture , calcine the mass that remains about half an hour in a strong fire , and keep it for use . virtues . it is a good remedy to stop the running of the reins , a dram of it being dissolved in eight ounces of plantain water , or smiths water to make an injection into the yard : it is also good to cleanse the ●yes in the small pox ; seven or eight grains of it must be dissolved in four ounces of plantain water , or eye-bright water ; it 's also good to stop blood , being outwardly applied to wounds . styptic water , in latin , aqua styptica . take colcothar , or red vitriol that remains in the retort after the spirit is drawn out , burnt alum , and sugar candy , each half a dram , the urine of some young person , and rose water each half an ounce , plantain water two ounces ; stir them altogether a good while in a mortar , then pour the mixture into a viol , and when you use it , separate it by inclination . virtues . if you apply a bolster dipt in this water to an opened artery , and hold your hand a while upon it ; it stops the blood . in like manner , you may wet a pledget in it , and thrust it into the nose when an hemorrhage continues too long ; taken inwardly it cures spitting of blood , the bloody flux , and the immoderate flux of the hemorrhoids and courses . dose . when 't is taken inwardly , half a dram or a dram may be given at a time in knotgrass water . spirit of vitriol , in latin , spiritus vitrioli . fill two thirds of a large earthen retort , or glass one luted , with vitriol calcined to whiteness , place it in a close reverberatory furnace , and fitting to it a great receiver , give a very small fire to warm the retort , to make the water come for● , that may still remain in the vitriol , and when there will distil no more , pour the water out of the receiver into a bottle ; this is called flegm of vitriol , it 's used in inflamations of the eyes , to wash them with . refit the receiver to the neck of the retort , and luting the junctures exactly , increase the fire by degrees , and when you perceive clouds to come forth into the receiver , continue it in the same condition till the receiver grows cold , then strengthen the fire with wood to an extream violence until the flame rises through the tunnel of the reverberatory , as big as ones arm , the receiver will fill again with white clouds , continue the fire after this manner three days , and so many nights , then put it out , unlute the junctures when the vessels are cold , and pour the spirit into a glass body , set it in sand , and fit to it quickly a head with its receiver , lute the junctures close with a wet bladder , and distil with a very gentle fire about four ounces of it ; this is the sulphureous spirit of vitriol , keep it in a viol well stopt . virtues . it s good for an asthma , palsy , and diseases of the lungs . d●se . six or ten drops of it may be taken at a time in some convenient liquor . change the receiver , and augmenting the fire , distil about half the liquor that remains in the body , this is called the acid spirit of vitriol . virtues . it 's mixed with juleps to give an agreeable acidity . that which remains in the body , is the most acid part of the vitriol , and is improperly called oyl . virtues . it may be used like the acid spirit for continual fevers , and other difeases that are accompanied with violent heat . salt of vitriol , in latin , sal vitrioli . take two or three pounds of colcothar that remains in the retort after distillation of the vitriol , ●et it infuse in eight or ten pints of warm water , ●or ten or twelve hours ; boil it a little while , and ●hen let it settle , separate the water by inclination , ●nd pour new water upon the matter ; proceed as ●efore , and mixing your impregnations , evaporate ●ll the moisture in a sand heat , in a glass or earthen ●essel , there will remain a salt at bottom . virtues . it 's used to vomit , it works gently , saf●y , and quickly . dose . half a dram , or a dram of it may be ●iven at a time , dissolved in posset drink . spirit of nitre dulcified , in latin , spiritus nitri dulcis . put into a large bolt head eight ounces of good spi●it of nitre ▪ and so much spirit of wine , well de●egmated , set you bolt head in the chimney , upon ● round of straw ; the liquor will grow hot with●ut coming near the fire , and half an hour afterwards or an hour ▪ it will boil very much ; have a ●are of the red vapours that come out a pace at ●he neck of the bolt head , and when the ebulition s over ▪ you 'll find your liquor clear at the bottom , 〈◊〉 to have lost half what it was ; put it into a glass retort and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ●●●eiver , distil it off till it is dry , cohobat it twice , put it into a viol , and keep it for use . virtues . it is good to expel wind , for the cholick , and nephritick pains , hysterick diseases , and all ●structions , and being added to cordials , it gives ●em a fragrant smell , and revives the spirits . dose . eight , or ten drops of it may be taken at a ●e in some proper liquor . spirit of wine rectified , in latin , spiritu● vini rectificatus . take four gallons of brandy , put it into a● alembick , with half a peck of ordinary salt , or bay salt well dryed , lute on the head , and make a gentle fire , draw off as long as you find it will burn all away , which you may know by trying a little now and then in a spoon ; if it be good brandy half of it will burn away ; this is rectified spirit of wine ; that which distills after , and will not burn all away , must be kept for other uses . virtues . it is used in chymistry , to draw tinctures and the like , outwardly applied it discusses tumors , and cures burns , if it be presently used . cream of tartar , in latin , cremor tartari . boil in a great deal of water what quantity of white tartar you please , until it be all dissolved , pass the liquor hot through hippocrates's sleeve into an earthen ves●●● and evaporate about half of it ; set the vessel in a cool 〈…〉 three days , and you 'll 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ●ri●tals on the sides , which you are to separate , evaporate again half the liquor that remains , and remit the vessel to the cellar as before , there will shoot out new cristals ; continue doing thus till you have gotten all your tartar. virtues . crystal or cream of tartar is aperitive● good for dropsies and astmatical persons , it is also purgative , but it is most commonly used with other purg●s to quicken them . dose . it may be given from half a dram to three drams in some proper liquor . oyl of tartar per deliquium is made by exposing salt of tartar in a cellar , in a wide glass vessel . virtues . it 's used for tettars , and to discuss tumors ; ladies mix it with lilly water , to clear the complexions , and to cleanse their hands . tartar vitriolated , in latin , tartarum vitriolatum . put into a glass body what quantity you please of oyl of tartar , made by deliquium ; pour upon it by little and little rectified spirit of vitriol , there will be a great effervescency , continue to drop more in , till there is no further ebulition ; then place your cucurbit in sand , and evaporate the spirit with a little fire , there will remain a very white salt ; keep it in a viol well stopt . virtues . it is a good aperitive , and is also a little purgative , it is given in hypocondriacal cases , the kings-evil , to open obstructions , and to force vrine . dose . it may be given from ten to thirty grains in some proper liquor . spirit of harts horn , in latin , spiritus cornu cervi . take six pound of hartshorn , it must be broken or sawn an inch long , and split in the middle , put the pieces into a pottle retort , and place it in a chappel furnace , letting your sand be but an inch high in the pot , when you put in the retort , then cover it with sand up to the neck , and lute on a gallon receiver , then make fire by degrees , viz. in the first degree about four hours you may perceive the flegm to drop into the receiver , increase your fire to the second degree , continue it in that degree for four hours more , and by that time you will perceive ●he white fumes to come into the receiver , and the volatile salt beginning to shoot , then increase your fire to the third degree , let it continue there two hours , then your receiver will be full of white fumes , and the salt will shoot in the form of stags horns , increase your fire to the fourth degree ; continue it there till the fumes cease , and then the distillation is ended . rectification of spirit of harts-horn . take off the receiver , separate the spirit from the oyl by a glass tunnel , which you may do by holding your finger at the bottom of the tunnel , the spirit will come forth ; put the spirit into a tall glass cucurbit , with the volatile salt , you may put to it a sheet of brown paper , to keep the oyl from rising that came with the spirit ; lute on an alembick , and to that a receiver , set it on a digestive furnace in the second degree , and in an hour or two's time , you 'll perceive the spirit to drop , and the salt begin to shoot in the head ; let it continue there till all the salt is gone out of the head , which is a true sign that the spirit is all come over ; then take off your receiver , and if there be any oyl upon the spirit , separate it as before with a glass tunnel , or with a filter of cap-paper : if it be notclear from the oyl , it must be rectified again . virtues . the spirit is chiefly used for vapours , and for diseases of the head , and is often used outwardly to the nostrils to suppress vapours . dose . ten drops of it may be given at bed time in a glass of canary . the volatile salt of it is frequently given in cordials to heighten the pulse when they are languid ; four or five grains of it may be given a● a time . balsam of sulphur , in latin , balsamum sulphuris . put into a small matrass an ounce and an half of flowers of sulphur , and pour upon it eight ounces of oyl of turpentine , place your matrass in sand , and give it a digesting fire two hours ; afterwards increase it a little for four hours , and the oyl will take a red colour , let the vessel cool , then separate the clear balsam from the sulphur that could not dissolve . virtues . it is excellent for ulcers of the lungs and breast , it is also used 〈◊〉 cleanse ulcers . dose . five or six drops of it may be taken at a time in some proper liquor , or mixed with sugar . to make the aniseed balsam of sulphur , you must use the oyl drawn from aniseeds instead of oyl of turpentine , and proceed as before . vertues . it is also good for the lungs . flower of sulphur , in latin , flos sulphuris . put about half a pound of sulphur grosly powdred into a glass body ; place it in a small open fire , and cover it with a pot , or another cucurbit turned upside down , one that is unglazed , so as that the neck of one may enter into the neck of the other ; change the upper cucurbit every half hour , adding another in its place ; add likewise new sulphur , gathering your flowers which you find stick in the cucurbit , and continue to do thus until you have got as much as you desire ; then put out the fire , and let the vessels cool ; there will remain at bottom only a little light insignificant earth . virtues . flower of sulphur is used in diseases of the lungs and breast ; it is also used in oyntments for the iteh . dose . it may be taken from ten to thirty grains , in lozenges or in an electuary . magistery of sulphur , in latin , lac sulphuris . take four ounces of the flower of sulphur , and twelve ounces of the salt of tartar , or salt petre fixed by the coals ; put them into a large glazed pot , and pour upon them six or seven pints of water ; cover the pot , and setting it on the fire , make the matter boil five or six hours , or until being become red , the sulphur is all dissolved ; then filtrate the dissolution , and pour up it by little and little distilled vinegar , or ●ome other acid , there will presently appear a milk , let it settle , that a white powder may pre●ipitate to the bottom of the vessel ; pour off by nclination that which is clear , and having washed the powder five or six times with water , dry it in he shade . virtues . it is thought good for all diseases of the lungs and breast . dose . it may be given from six to sixteen grains , ● some proper liquor . flower of benjamin , in latin , flos benzoini . take an earthen pot high and narrow , with a ●ttle border round it , put into it three or four ounces of clean benjamin grosly powdred , cover the ●ot with a coffin of paper , and tye it round about under the border ; set the pot into hot ashes , nd when the benjamin is heated the flowers will ●blime ; take off the coffin every two hours , and ●x another in its place , stop up quickly in a glass he flowers you find in the coffins , and when those ●hich afterwards sublime begin to appear oily , take he pot off the fire . virtues . they are good for asthmaticall people , ●d to fortifie the stomach . dose . they may be taken from two grains to ●e in an egg or lozenges . tincture of benjamin , in latin , tincture benzoini . take three ounces of benjamin , and half a● ounce of storax , powder them grosly , and pu● them into a bottle or matrass half empty , pou● upon them a pint of spirit of wine ; stop the vessel close , and set it in warm horse dung , leav● it in digestion for a fort-night , after which filtrat● the liquor , and keep it in a viol well stopt ; som● add to it five or six drops of peruvian balsam , to give it a better smell . virtues . it is good to take away spots in th face . dose . a dram of it is put into four ounce of water , and it whitens it like milk ; th● water serves for a wash , and is called virgin milk. ens veneris . take of the best hungarian , or of the be● dantzick vitriol , calcine it in a strong fire , ti it be of a dark red , dul●●tie it , by such freque● effusions of hot water , that at length the water that has passed through it , appears full ● tastless as when it was poured on ; dry it , an grind it with an equal weight of sal armoniack put this mixture into a glass retort , either in ● strong a heat as can conveniently be given in san● or else in a naked are , force up as much of as you can to the top or neck of the retort ; an this sublimation being ●nded , break the retort ●ay aside all the caput mortuum , and take all the sublimate and grind it well again , that if any part of the sal armoniack appears sublimed by it self , it may be reincorporated with the colc●thar ; resub●ime this mixture per se in a glass retort as before , and if you please , you may once more ele●ate the second sublimate : but it is not always nesessary that that which is reddest is best . virtues . it provokes swe●t , and gently urin ; it ●s good for the rickets , and disposes to sleep . dose . little children may take two or three ●rains for many nights together : grown person●●ay take five or six grains at a time ; it may be ●aken in two or three spoonfuls of sack , or in some cordial . lapis prunellae . bruise two and thirty ounces of purified salt petre , and put it in a crucible , which you must set 〈◊〉 a furnace among burning coals ; when the salt petre is melted , throw into it an ounce of flow● of sulphur , a spoonful at a time , the matter will ●resently flame , and the more volatile spirit of salt petre fly away ; when the flame is over , the mater will remain in a very clear fusion ; take the crucible out with a pair of tongs , and turn it up●e down into a very clean bason a little warm● . virtues . it is given to cool and work by u●ine ▪ in ●rning fevers , quinsies , and other diseases that pro●ed from heat and obstructions , and for the running ● the reins . dose . half a dram , or a dram of it may b● given at a time in some proper liquor . volatile salt of ambar , in latin , sal volatile succini . put two pounds of ambar powdred in a larg● glass or earthen cucurbit , three quarters of th● cucurbit must remain empty ; set the cucurbit in sand , and after you have fitted the head to ● and a small receiver , lute well the junctures , and light a little fire under it for about an hour ; the● when the cucurbit is grown hot , increase the fire b● little and little to the third degree , and there will dist● first of all a flegm and spirit , then the volatile sa will rise , and stick to the head in little crystals , a●terwards there distils an oyl , first white and the red , but clear . when you see the vapours rise ● longer you must put out the fire , and when t● vessels are cold unlute them ; gather the volatile salt with a feather , and because it will be b● impure as yet , by reason of a little oyl th is mixed with it ; you must put it into a v●ol big enough , that the salt may fill only a four● part of it ; place the viol in sand , after you ha● stopt it only with paper , and by means of little fire you will sublime the pure salt in 〈◊〉 crystals to the top of the viol ; when you percei● the oyl begin to rise , you must then take yo● viol off the fire , and letting it cool , break it to ● parate the salt , keep it in a viol well stopt , you have half an ounce . virtues . this salt is a very good aperiti●●● is ●sed for the jaundice , ulcers in the bladder , the scur●y , fits of the mother , and to force urine . dose . it may be taken from six to eight grains ●n some proper liquor . rosin of jalap , in latin , resina jalapii . put a pound of good jalap grosly powdred into a large matrass , pour upon it rectified spirit of wine four fingers above the matter ; stop the matrass with another , whose neck enters into it , and luting the junctures with a wet bladder , digest it three days in a sand heat , the spirit of wine will receive a red tincture ; decar●t ●t , and then pour more upon the jalap ; proceed ●s before , and mixing your dissolutions , filtrate them through brown paper , put that which you have filtrated into a glass cucurbit , and distil in ● vaporous bath , two thirds of the spirit of wine , which may serve you another time for the same ●peration . pour that which remains at the bot●om of the cucurbit into a large earthen pan fil●ed with water , and it will turn into a milk , which you must leave a day to settle , and then separate the water by inclination , you 'll find the rosin at the bottom like unto turpentine , wash ● several times with water and dry it in the sun ▪ ● will grow hard like common rosine , powder ● fine , and it will become white ; keep it in a ●iol . virtues . it purges watry humors , and is good fo● dropsies ; it is ordinarily given with other purging medicines to quicken them . dose . it is given from four to twelve grains , with other purgatives . saccharum saturni . take three or four pounds of geruss , powde● ir , and put it into a large glass or earthen vessel ; pour upon it distilled vinegar fou● finge● high , an ebulition will follow without any sensible heat ; put it in digestion in hot sand for two o● three days ; stir about the matter every now and then , then let it settle , and separate the liquor by inclination , pour new distilled vinegar upon th● ceruss that remains in the vessel , and proceed a● before , continuing to pour on distilled vinegar and to separate it by inclination , until you hav● dissolved about half the matter : mix all your impregnations together in an earther glass vessel ; evaporate in a sand fire with a gentle heat , abou● two thirds of the moisture , or till there rises a little skin over it ; then set your vessel in a cella● or some cool place , without jogging of it , ther● will appear white crystals which you must separate ; evaporate the liquor as before , and set i● again in the cellar ; continue your evaporation and cristalizations , till you have gotten all you● salt ; dry it in the sun , and keep it in a glass . virtues . it is commonly used in pomatums , fo●tettars and inflamations , and dissolved in water is goo● for dis●ases of the skin , taken inwardly in is re● koned good for quinsies , for the fluxes of the hemorr●oids , and courses ▪ and for the bloody flux . dose . it may be given from two grains to four , in knotgrass or plantain water , or mixed with gargles . the general way of making extracts . they may be prepared of any thing almost that belongs to the materia medica , or of any medicine whether it be simple , as herbs , flowers , seeds , and the like ; or compound , as species , pills , and the like ; which is wont to communicate a tincture to the menstruum wherein it is infused ; wherefore , take as much as you please of any thing of the materia medica , cut it , bruise it or otherwise prepare it as is necessary for the infusion ; pour upon it a sufficient quantity of spirit of wine , or any distilled water , that is agreeable to the phyficians intention ; let them remain in infusion in a bath , or some other gentle heat two days , more or less , as the density or the tenuity of the matter requires , until the liquor has a sufficient tincture ; then separate the tincture by inclination , put in more liquor as before , and after infusion separate it as before ; mix the tinctures , and fi●ter them through paper , and then evaporate the moisture , till the matter at the bottom of the vessel , be reduced to the consistence of honey . keep it for use ; whereunto may be added two scruples , or half a dram of some proper salt to every ounce of the extract , to keep it from drying . the way of making salts . the way of making volatile , or essential salts . take a sufficient quantity of any fresh succulent plant , beat it in a wooden or stone mortar ; then pour a large quantity of clear fountain water upon it , boil it till half is consumed , strain it hard , and boil it again to the consistence of honey ; put it into a glass vessel or glazed pot , and set it in a cold place for eight days at least , and a crystal salt will grow together in the manner of sal gemma , which by pouring out the decoction may be collected ; it must be washt in its own water and dryed for use . this way is made the salt of wormwood , carduus benedictus , mugwort , and of other bitter herbs easily , but of others very difficultly . the way of making fixed , or elementary salts . the method of preparing consists in these four things ; calcination , solution , filtration , and coagulation ; first the medical matter must be reduced into ashes by calcination , but care must be taken that the ashes be not turned into glass by too great a fire , then by pouring clear hot water upon the ashes to extract all the salts , make a lie ; filtrate and boil it in an earthen vessel over a gentle fire , till all the water is evaporated , and only salt remains , which must be dissolved , filtered , and coagulated once and again , till it is free from all its impurities , and becomes white , and so are made salts from plants , parts of animals calcined , and the like ; of these the following are best ; salts of wormwood , thyme , rosmary , the lesser centaury , mugwort , carduus benedictus , masterwort , parsly , rest-harrow , ash , dwarf elder , gujacum , box , cammomile , st. john's-wort , succory , celandine , scurvy-grass , bettony , hemp agrimony , baulm , ceterach , and the like . the preparation of some simple medicines . the way of preparing fat 's . fresh fat , the little veins , fibres , and skins being taken out , must be washed in fair water till it is freed from blood ; afterwards being well bruised , it must be melted in a double vessel , then strain it into water , and there let it remain till it is cold ; then drain the water from it , and keep it in an earthen pot in some cool place , it will keep a year . the same way is prepared marrow taken out of the bones , in the autumn chiefly . the burning of brass . make a lay of small brass plates in an earthen ●pot , and a lay of common salt , or sulphur powdred , which is called , stratum super stratum , burn then sufficiently , and dulcify the ashes with hot water , by pouring hot water often on them . the way of purifying aloes . take what quantity you please of aloes finely powdred , put it into a glazed pot , and pour as much spirit of wine on as will rise three fingers breadth above the matter ; stir it with a spatula , till the purer part of the aloes is dissolved by the spirit of wine ; then pour it off , and pour on more as before , and having stirred it about , pour it off , that the impure parts may be separated ; reduce it to a mass by evaporating the moisture , and so keep it for use . the burning of alum . take what quantity you please of alum , put it into a new earthen pot and burn it so long till it has done bubling , and does no longer emit froth , cool it , and keep it for use . the way of preparing anacardiums . powder them , and infuse them in a moderate quantity of vinegar , and when they have sufficiently imbibed it , dry them by gently evaporating the vinegar . the preparation of bole armonick . grind the bole armonick , and moisten it with may dew , and dry it in the shade . the lees of bryony , in latin , feculae bryoniae . take of the roots of bryony what quantity you please , scrape them with a knife , and strai● out the juice in a press , put them in a vessel , and do not move it ; after a few hours it will put off a white lee like starch , which must be dryed in a glass , having first poured out the water . in the same manner is made the lees of wake-robin , horse-radish , of our orris , and the like . may butter , in latin , butyrum majale . take fresh butter unsalted , made about the middle or end of may , put it into a large glazed por , and place it in the sun beams , that it may be ●ll melted ; and when the sun shines hottest , strain it without pressing , through a thick linnen cloath , and expose it to the sun again , and when it is white , strain it again , and keep it a year . the preparation of lapis calaminaris . take of lapis calaminaris what quantity you please , make it red hot twice or thrice , and quench it as often in plantain and rose water , then grind it upon a stone , and with the same water make i● into balls . the infernal stone , in latin , lapis infernalis . take the lee of black soap , boil it to a stone in a frying pan , yet take care that all the moisture be not evaporated ; when it is cold , cut it into small pieces , and keep it in a glass well stopt . this is a caustick , and is used to open tumors . the way of preparing coral , pearls , grab● eyes , and of precious stones . take of these any quantity you please , grind them to a very fine powder , in a steel or porphyry mortar , dropping upon them now and then a little rose water , and then form them into balls . the burning of harts-born , ivory , and other bones . take of hartshorn , ivory , or of any bone , wha● quantity you please , burn them in a crucible til● they are quite white , then powder or grind them very fine , and make them into troches with ros● water . the way of making elaterium . take wild cucumbers almost ripe , cut then and press out the juice gently with your formof fingers , strain it through a fine sive , into a clean glazed vessel , ▪ and let it settle till it has put off its grosser parts , pour off by inclination the thin , juice that swims on the●rop , what remains filter ; dry the sediment in the sun , and keep it for use . the thinner part may be reserved if you please , for making the oyntment de arthanita . the preparation of the bark of spurge roots . infuse the barks well cleansed for three days in sharp vinegar , then dry them , and keep them for use : the same way may be prepared the leaves of spurge , lawrel , mezereon , and the like . the preparation of euphorbium . put euphorbium cleansed and powdred into a glass vessel , and pour upon it so much juice of lemons clarified as will rise four fingers above the matter ; then place them in a hot bath , till the euphorbium is dissolved by the juices ; then strain it through a clean cloath , and evaporate all the moisture of the juice in a bath , and keep the euphorbium for use . the preparation of the roots of black hellebore . infuse the roots of black hel●ebore , that we have three days in the juice of quinces , in a moderate heat ; then day them , and keep them for use . the preparation of goa●● blood. put the blood of a middle aged ▪ goat into an earthen pot , and having covered it with a cloath , expose it to the sun , that it may coagulate , throw away the watry p●rt , dry the thicker part , powder it ; keep it in a glass for use . the preparation of lac. take of lac not cleansed , broken a little , not reduced to powder , boil it in water , that it may be cleansed from its impurities ; dry what is pure and keep it for use . preparation of lapis lazuls . grind the sky coloured stone , wash it with water , dry it , and keep it for use . the preparation of litbarge . grind the litharge to a fine powder , pour on it clear water , and stir it till its thick , then pour it off into another vessel , and put in fresh water , stir it as before , then pour off this water to the other ; continue to do so till the feces sink to the bottom of the mortar , and the thinner part is carried off wit● the water , let it stand without being moved , that the pure litharge may settle to the bottom ; then pour out the water , and gather the litharge , and grin● it so 〈◊〉 upon a stone , that no roughness of it may be perceived by the tongue . preparation of earth-worms . slit the worms in the middle , and wash them clean in wine , then dry them , and keep them for use . the preparation of millepedes . put millepedes cleansed into a new earthen pot , place them in a warm oven after the bread is drawn , that by the moderate hea● they may be dryed , and reduced to powder . the way of preparing oesypus . take of wool uncleansed , sheared from the neck huckle bone , and shoulder pits of tired sheep , pour upon it hot water often , and wash it well , till all the fat swims upon the water ; afterwards press out the wooll , and the far and filthy water must be poured high from one vess●l to another , til● it becomes frothy ; then you must let it stand till the froth goes off ; then take off the fat that swims upon the water ; then pour the water from one vessel to another as before till it froth , then take off the fat as before ; continue to do so till no more s●● not froth appea●s then wash all ●he f●ts with the froth in clean w●ter sti●ring i● about with your hand , and change the water osten , till the fil●h is washed away , and ●ill the 〈◊〉 does not ●ite the to●gue , keep it in a clean thick earthen vessel in a cold place . preparation of opium . dissolve opium in spirit of wine , strain it and evaporate it to a due consistence . the preparation of the lungs of a fox . wash the fresh lungs of a fox well in white wine , wherein hyssop and scabious have been first boiled : but you must take out the wind pipe ; put them into an earthen pot and dry them in a gentle heat take care they are not burnt , keep them in a glass stopt with wax . preparation of scammony . put the powder of scammony into a quince made hollow , covered with past , bake it in an oven , or rost ●it under the ashes , take out the scammony and keep it for●se . this is called diagrydium . another way of preparing scammony with sulphur . take of scammony powdred as much as you please , put it upon a paper , hold the paper over live coals , whereupon brimstone is c●st , till the scammony melts or grows white ; this is called scammony sulphurated , but you must be sure to sti● it all the time it is over the fire . pr●paration of squills . take a large fresh squill , pull off the outward dry tunicks , wrap it up in bread past , and bake it in an oven with bread till it is tender , which you may know by thrusting a bodkine into it , then take it out of the oven , and pull off one by one the coats , casting away the middle , which is hard , run a thread through them , and hang them in a dry place till they are dry ; but you must take ca●e they do not touch one another whilst they are drying , and in this business you must use a woodden or ivory knife for cutting or piercing them . boiled turpentine . take of venice turpentine one pound , pour upon it twelve quarts of water , wherein boil it till it is so thick , that it will break like rosin or glass when it is cold . preparation of tutty . tutty being prepared the same way as lapis calaminaris is , tie it up in a clean rag , which is to be stirred about in a vessel full of clean water , that the fine and useful parts may come through into the water , the gross and impure remaining in the rag ; then let it settle , and pour off the water ; continue to do so , till all that is good is washed out of the rag . sprinkle this powder with a litte rose water , and make it into balls to be kept for use . addenda . elixir propietatis . take of myrrh , aloes and saffron , each half an ounce , of spirit of wine rectified ten ounces , of spirit of sulphur by the bell half an ounce : first draw a tincture from the saffron in the spirit of wine , by digesting of it six or eight days ; then add the myrrh and aloes grosly beaten , and the spirit of sulphur ; digest them in a long viol well stopt for the space of a month , shake it often ; pour off the black tincture from the feces , let it stand quiet a night , then pour it out , and decant it so often as you find any feces at the bottom . virtues . it is alexipharmick , stomachick , anodyn , and uterine , it cures tertian agues , and is an universal medicine fit for all ages , for men , women , and children ; it alters , evacuates and strengthens . dose . two drams will purge , when you do not design purging , fifteen or twenty drops may be taken in a morning , in a glass of wine or a small draught of beer . elixir salutis . take of the leaves of senna four ounces , of gujacum , and of the roots of elecampane dryed , of the seeds of anise , carraways , and coriander , and of liquorice , each two ounces , of rai●ins of the sun stoned half a pound , steep them in the cold in three quarts of aqua vitae for the space of four days ; strain it . virtues . it is excellent for the cholick and gravel . dose . two , three , or four sponfuls , more or less , according to the age and strength of the patient . it may be taken in a morning . liquid landanum . take of spanish wine one pint , of opium two ounces , of saffron one ounce , of cinnamon , and cloves powdred , each one dram , infuse them together in a bath for two or three days , till the liquor has a deep tincture ; strain it , and keep it for use . virtues . it is good in general to ease pain and to stop fluxes . dose . twelve or sixteen drops of it may be taken at a time . matthew's pill . take of salt of tartar prepared with ni●●e four ounces , of oyl of turpentine eight ounces , mix them and let them stand in a moist and cold place , eight , nine , or ten months , or more , till the salt has taken thrice its weight of oyl , and is become one thick mass like soap ; in the mean time you must stir it often , and add the oyl as it incorporates , take of this soap six ounces , of the best opium two ounces , of black and white hel●bore powdred , and of liquorice , each two ounces ; mix them exactly , adding as much oyl of turpentine as is sufficient to make a mass for pills ▪ which must be kept moist with oyl of turpentine . virtues . this is in general proper to give ease ▪ and is proper for pains of the back , for the stone and gravel , and ulcers of the bladder . dose . ten grains of it may be taken at a time . compound spirit of lavender , in latin , spiritus lavendulae compositus . take of the flowers of lavender one gallon , pour on them three gallons of the best brandy ; stop the vessel close , let them infuse in the sun for the space of six days , then distil them in an alembick . take of the flowers of sage , rosmary , bettony , each one handful , of borrage , bugloss , lilly of the vallies , and cowslips , each two handfuls ; infuse all these flowers gathered in season in a gallon of the best brandy , and mingle with it the spirit of lavender above-mentioned , adding the leaves of baulm , feverfew , oranges , flowers of stechas , of oranges , and bay berries , each one ounce , after sufficient digestion distil them again , and at length add of orange and citron peel , and the seeds of peony , each six drams , cinnamon , nutm●gs , mace , cardamoms , cubebs , and yellow sanders , each half an ounce , of the wood of aloes one dram , digest them twenty four hours , strain them ; add of prepared pearl two drams , of ambargrease , musk , and saffron , each half a scruple , of red roses dryed , and red sanders , each half an ounce , of yellow sanders , and the bark of dryed citrons , each two drams , hang the species in a rag in the spirit above mentioned . virtues . it is good for diseases of the head and nerves . dose . half a spoonful of it may be taken at a time . finis . books printed for , and sold by john lawrence , at the angel in the poultrey , over against the compter . ge●●s remaines , being sundry pious and learned notes , and observations on the new testament , opening and explaining it ; wherein jesus christ , as yesterday , to day , and the same for ever , is illustrated ; by that learned and judicious man dr. r. gell , late rector of st. mary aldermary , london . christian religions appeal from the groundless prejudice of the sceptick , to the bar of common reason ; wherein is proved , 1. that the apostles did not delude the world , 2. nor were themselves deluded , 3. scripture matters of faith have the best evidence , 4. the divinity of scripture is as demonstrable as the being of a deity . by john smith , rector of st. maries in colchester . quarto . the jesuits catechism , according to st. ignatius loyola ; wherein the impiety of their principles , perniciousness of their doctrines , and iniquity of their practises are declared . the reverend mr. samuel slater's sermon on the thanksgiving day , october 27 th . 1692. at crosby square . — his sermon at the funeral of mr. john reynolds minister of the gospel , who dyed in london december the 25 th . 1692. — his sermon preached feb. 19. 1692. upon the funeral of that late excellent servant of our lord jesus mr. richard fincher , who finished his course feb. 10 th . 1692. an apology for the ministers who subscribed only unto the stating of the truths and errors in mr. william's book . shewing , that the gospel which they preach , is the old everlasting gospel of christ , and vindicating them from the c●lumnies wherewith they ( especially the younger sort of them ) have been unjustly aspersed , by a letter from a minister in the city , to a minister in the country . the answer of giles firmin , to the vain and unprofitable question put to him , and charged upon him by mr. grantham , in his book inti●uled , the infants advocate : viz. whether the greatest part of dying infants shall be damned ? which advocate , while he shuts all infants out of the visible church , and denies them baptism , opens heaven to all dying infants ; justifying those of his party , who admit them all as he doth into heaven without regeneration . the preface may be very useful for the children of godly parents . some remarks upon the anabaptist answer [ sold by john harris ] to the athenean mercuries ; and some upon his answer , who stiles himself , philalethes pasiphelus . by giles firmin . a brief review of mr. davi●'s vindication , giving no satisfaction ; being for the greatest part of it no direct answer to what is charged upon him , but meer evasions to deceive the reader . things that ●end to practice are chiefly insisted upon , other things but lightly touched ; to which is added remarks upon some passages of mr. crisp . in his book intituled , christ alone exalted . the reason of the authors ingaging in this controversie , is given in the preface to the reader , by giles firmin one of the united brethren . a proposal to perform musick , in perfect and mathematical proportions ; containing , 1. the state of musick in general , 2. the principles of present practice ; according to which are , 3. the tables of proportions , calculated for the viol , and capable of being accommodated to all sorts of musick ▪ by thomas salmon , rector of mepsall in the county of bedford . approved by both the mathematick professors of the university of oxford , with large remarks upon this whole treatise , by the reverend and learned john wallis , d. d. a sermon preached before the right honourable the lord mayor , and aldermen of the city of london , at st. mary-le-bow , jan. 30 th . 1693 / 4 ▪ by william stephens b. d. rector of sutton in surrey . octave . several discourses , viz. 1. of purity and charity . 2. of repentance . 3. of seeking first the kingdom of god. by hezekiah burton , d. d. late rector of barns near london , and prebendary of norwich . published by the most reverend father in god dr. john tillotson , arch-bishop of canterbury , with his lordships preface . de succo pancreatico , or a physical and anatomical treatise of the nature and office of the pancreatick juice ; shewing its generation in the body , what diseases arise by its visitation , from whence in particular , by plain and familiar examples , is accurately demonstrated , the cause and cure of agues , or intermitting fevers , hitherto so difficult and uncertain ; with sundry other things worthy of note . written by the famous physician d. regdi graaf of delph , and transated by c. pack med. lond. illustrated with divers copper plates . praxis catholica : or , the country-mans universal remedy : wherein is plainly and briefly laid down , the nature , matter , manner , place and cure of most diseases incident to the body of man , not hitherto discovered ; whereby any one of an ordinary capacity may apprehend the true cause of his distempers , wherein his cure consists , and the means to effect it ; together with rules how to order children in the most violent disease of vomiting and loosness , &c. useful for seamen and travellers . also an account of an incomparable powder for wounds or hurts , which cures any ordinary ones at once dressing . written by robert couch , sometimes practitioner in physick and chyrurgery , at boston in new england . now published with divers useful additions ( for publick benefit ) by c●br . pack , operator in chymistry . remarks on a late discourse of william lord bishop of derry , concerning the inventions of men in the worship of god. by j. boyse . an earnest call to family-religion : or , a discourse concerning family-worship ; being the substance of eighteen sermons , preached by samuel slater , a. m. minister of the gospel . bishop wilkins discourse of the gift of prayer : shewing what it is , wherein it consists , and how far it is attainable by industry ; with divers useful and proper directions to that purpose , both in respect of matter , method , expression . — his ecclesiastes : or , a discourse concerning the gift o● preaching , as it falls under the rules of art. the seventh edition much inlarged . twelves . an account of the holy life and death of mr. henry gearing , late citizen of london , who departed this life january the 4 th . 1693. aged 61 ▪ with the trial and character of a real christian , collected out of his papers for the examination of himself , from which several other particulars are added , for the instruction , i●couragements , and imitation of christians . a discourse of tempting christ . by mr. john shower . family-religion in three letters to a friend . by mr. john shower . the death , rest , resurrection , and blessed portion of the saints ; in a discourse , on dan. 12. 13. together with the work of the redeemer , and the work of the redeemed . by dan. burges minister of the gospel . a discourse of family-worship , in answer to this question , upon what scripture grounds and reasons may family-worship be established and enforced . undertaken upon the request of the united ministers in and about london . by geo. hammond , m. a. and minister of the gospel , with an appendix by mr. matthew barker . miscellane a sacra . containing scriptural meditations , divine breathings , occasional reflections , and sacred poems . 