The great question to be considered by the King and this approaching Parliament, briefly proposed, and modestly discussed, (to wit); how far religion is concerned in policy or civil government and policy in religion? ... / by one who desires to give unto Cæsar the things that are Gods.
Penn, William, 1644-1718.
1679
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The great question to be considered by the King and this approaching Parliament, briefly proposed, and modestly discussed, (to wit); how far religion is concerned in policy or civil government and policy in religion? ... / by one who desires to give unto Cæsar the things that are Gods.
Penn, William, 1644-1718.
8 p.
s.n.,
[London :
1679]
Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
Caption title.
Attributed to William Penn. cf. NUC pre-1956.
Signed: Philo-britannicus.
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The
Great
Question
to
be
Considered
by
the
KING
,
and
this
approaching
PARLIAMENT
,
briefly
proposed
,
and
modestly
discussed
:
(
To
wit
)
How
far
Religion
is
concerned
in
Policy
or
Civil
Government
,
and
Policy
in
Religion
?
With
an
Essay
rightly
to
distinguish
these
great
Interests
,
upon
the
Disquisition
of
which
a
sufficient
Basis
is
proposed
for
the
firm
Settlement
of
these
Nations
,
to
the
most
probable
satisfaction
of
the
several
Interests
and
Parties
therein
.
By
one
who
desires
to
Give
unto
Caesar
the
things
that
are
Caesars
,
and
to
God
the
things
that
are
Gods.
THat
this
Nation
,
and
the
Nations
of
Scotland
and
Ireland
concerned
with
it
,
are
at
present
in
such
a
posture
,
and
under
such
circumstances
,
as
give
just
reason
both
of
fear
and
care
more
then
ordinary
both
to
Rulers
and
People
,
is
so
without
doubt
,
that
it
needs
no
proof
;
and
that
we
are
in
a
dangerous
Feaver
▪
in
regard
both
to
our
Civil
and
Religious
Interest
,
all
in
their
wits
must
know
:
which
Disease
,
albeit
it
be
now
in
the
opinion
of
most
come
to
a
Crisis
,
yet
few
can
determine
whether
it
will
end
in
a
natural
cool
,
or
prove
a
distemper
yet
more
dangerous
and
deadly
.
And
truly
,
at
this
time
we
are
so
far
happy
,
that
though
the
Evil
be
great
which
threatneth
,
us
,
yet
the
Cause
thereof
is
very
manifest
,
so
that
we
are
not
put
to
the
disadvantage
of
an
uncertain
search
in
that
matter
.
We
see
all
this
trouble
proceeds
from
a
pretence
of
Religion
,
and
Opinion
that
men
have
drank
in
,
that
for
and
because
of
Religion
,
they
ought
to
concern
themselves
in
the
Civil
Government
of
the
Nations
,
yea
so
far
as
to
overturn
it
,
if
otherwise
the
advancement
of
their
Religion
cannot
be
procured
.
How
much
this
Opinion
,
albeit
managed
by
men
vastly
differing
as
to
the
Religion
they
would
advance
,
has
wrought
to
the
shaking
of
these
Nations
,
few
can
be
ignorant
;
so
that
it
seems
high
time
,
and
no
season
more
opportune
then
now
,
that
this
Question
were
fully
decided
,
What
is
the
Interest
of
Religion
in
Policy
or
Civil
Government
;
and
again
,
of
Policy
and
Civil
Government
in
Religion
?
And
how
far
men
upon
the
account
of
Religion
may
and
ought
to
meddle
in
the
Government
,
or
with
the
Governours
;
and
again
,
how
far
the
Civil
Magistrate
,
as
such
,
ought
to
concern
himself
in
the
Consciences
of
the
People
?
that
if
possible
,
such
Principles
may
be
pitched
upon
,
agreeable
to
the
nature
of
Christianity
,
and
to
the
soundest
Principles
of
Government
,
by
which
men
may
be
possessed
with
a
Faith
,
that
Christianity
doth
not
oblige
them
to
meddle
in
Government
,
and
reciprocally
that
they
may
be
the
more
quieted
in
that
belief
,
that
the
Magistrate
is
not
to
concern
himself
in
their
Consciences
:
so
that
in
this
mutual
assurance
,
the
Magistrate
may
rule
securely
,
and
administer
Justice
to
all
equally
,
without
fearing
hurt
from
the
Religion
of
any
of
his
people
;
and
the
people
may
fear
God
,
and
follow
piety
,
according
to
the
best
of
their
knowledge
,
without
fearing
prejudice
from
the
Magistrate
therefore
.
And
truly
it
cannot
but
be
acknowledged
,
that
it
would
be
a
happy
Nation
where
this
were
fully
fixed
;
and
the
establishing
of
such
Principles
seems
the
less
difficult
,
that
in
the
purest
times
of
Christianity
,
(
so
reputed
by
all
)
the
true
Christian
Religion
was
not
at
all
hurtful
nor
dangerous
to
the
Magistrate
,
though
differing
from
it
;
nor
did
the
Christians
judge
it
any
part
of
their
Religion
,
to
seek
to
disturb
him
in
his
Government
,
or
screw
themselves
into
it
:
and
though
again
they
acknowledged
his
Authority
in
Civils
to
be
just
and
lawful
,
yet
they
claimed
an
exemption
from
being
imposed
upon
by
him
in
the
exercise
of
their
Consciences
;
so
that
a
re-establishing
of
those
Principles
and
Practices
which
were
believed
and
followed
,
by
those
who
on
all
hands
are
affirmed
to
have
been
the
purest
Christians
,
and
also
good
and
faithful
Subjects
,
will
do
the
business
.
But
for
the
more
clear
understanding
of
this
matter
,
it
will
be
fit
to
take
it
a
little
higher
,
and
enquire
how
those
two
great
Interests
of
Religion
,
and
Civil
Government
,
came
to
be
interlaced
and
mixed
together
.
Cain
was
the
first
that
disturbed
Civil
Society
because
of
Religion
;
and
the
Scripture
,
from
which
alone
we
may
expect
it
,
gives
no
account
of
any
thing
like
the
mixing
of
these
Interests
before
the
Floud
;
and
after
the
Floud
,
the
whole
tract
of
the
Hebrew
History
from
Heber
to
Moses
,
(
for
of
the
particular
state
of
the
Jews
I
shall
speak
anon
)
〈◊〉
shew
,
that
the
matter
of
Religion
was
wholly
distinct
from
the
outward
Policy
and
Government
then
used
in
the
World.
Jacob
lived
in
Laban's
Family
,
though
differing
from
them
;
and
Joseph
among
the
Egyptians
,
with
which
Superstitious
Nation
we
cannot
suppose
he
joyned
in
Worship
,
and
yet
was
both
a
faithful
Friend
to
Pharoah
,
and
considerable
Ruler
over
the
People
.
Moreover
,
if
the
true
ground
and
rise
of
Government
be
considered
,
this
will
more
appear
;
for
all
Lawyers
and
States
▪
men
derive
the
first
grounds
of
Government
,
from
the
Posterity
of
Noah's
Sons
after
the
Floud
,
and
do
show
how
through
necessity
,
Reason
and
the
Law
of
Nature
led
them
thereunto
;
for
the
Law
of
Nature
giving
to
every
man
a
natural
and
paternal
Jurisdiction
over
his
own
Family
,
when
as
the
increase
of
Mankind
,
and
necessity
of
Commerce
,
gave
occasion
for
several
Families
to
be
concerned
together
,
and
that
these
concernments
begot
Controversies
needful
to
be
determined
,
and
that
every
Family
stood
upon
equal
foot
as
to
Authority
,
and
to
decide
by
Force
would
prove
destructive
,
and
not
necessarily
be
just
,
and
that
it
was
unfit
every
man
should
be
Judge
in
his
own
cause
;
therefore
Reason
led
them
to
chuse
men
of
approved
Justice
and
Honesty
,
to
whom
all
differences
were
remitted
,
and
whose
decisions
served
as
Laws
,
and
were
readily
submitted
to
,
the
parties
resting
in
the
assurance
of
their
equity
:
and
this
all
Lawyers
generally
acknowledge
▪
was
the
first
foundation
of
Civil
Government
,
in
the
joynt
agreement
of
several
Families
;
from
whence
arose
the
Institution
of
Cities
,
and
from
their
Interest
in
the
Country
about
the
division
of
Provinces
and
Kingdoms
.
Now
as
in
the
first
part
of
Government
in
Families
,
the
Authority
stood
in
one
▪
viz.
in
the
Father
of
the
Family
;
so
they
usually
chose
one
for
the
Government
of
joynt
Families
,
who
thence
were
called
Kings
;
and
this
was
the
Original
of
Monarchy
:
whom
the
opinion
of
Honesty
,
Knowledge
and
Justice
,
most
readily
and
without
fear
of
Emulation
advanced
to
that
dignity
,
whose
Judgment
and
W●ll
answering
to
the
cause
of
their
advancement
,
was
a
Law
to
the
People
.
Afterwards
when
the
respect
put
upon
these
Rulers
or
Kings
,
and
the
advantage
thence
accruing
increased
,
men
began
to
be
ambitious
of
the
Imployment
,
and
from
thence
to
use
their
influence
to
obtain
it
;
from
which
followed
Faction
,
and
often
Bloudshed
,
which
made
men
fall
upon
the
expedient
of
letting
the
Government
rest
upon
the
Children
of
those
who
formerly
had
possessed
it
,
the
Veneration
of
their
Fathers
,
and
the
supposition
and
expectation
they
might
inherit
their
Fathers
Virtues
greatly
contributing
thereto
;
which
laid
the
foundation
of
Hereditary
Monarchy
.
But
when
the
Primitive
simplicity
and
integrity
of
those
first
Ages
began
to
wear
out
,
and
that
those
Kings
did
extend
and
advance
the
Authority
they
derived
from
their
Predecessors
,
but
lost
their
Equity
and
Justice
;
and
since
the
ancient
and
entire
confidence
put
in
the
first
Rulers
,
had
made
their
Government
,
and
consequently
their
Successors
,
unlimited
,
it
depending
upon
Will
,
and
not
qualified
by
any
Laws
,
whereof
there
were
not
written
at
that
time
▪
Thus
Monarchy
degenerated
into
Tyranny
,
as
appeared
in
Nimrod
,
and
his
Successors
,
the
Kings
of
Assyria
,
which
gave
a
rise
,
as
many
judge
,
to
the
●●●●itution
of
Commonwealths
amongst
the
Grecians
and
others
.
Now
during
these
times
,
although
the
number
of
those
that
truly
feared
God
,
and
retained
any
〈◊〉
of
pure
Religion
,
were
very
few
and
for
most
part
(
at
least
▪
so
far
as
is
conveyed
to
us
in
the
Family
and
Success●●●
of
Abraham
;
yet
that
inward
and
Universal
Testimony
of
a
Deity
,
implanted
in
the
hearts
of
all
men
,
(
as
all
sorts
of
Christians
acknowledge
)
did
so
far
influence
men
,
as
to
set
their
thoughts
about
Religion
;
for
as
Cicero
says
Nulla
Gens
tam
Barbara
quae
Deum
aliquem
non
agnoscat
▪
since
it
is
most
certain
,
that
Justice
will
gain
a
Testimony
in
the
hearts
of
the
most
barbarous
,
the
ancient
Veneration
and
esteem
to
the
great
Justice
and
Equity
of
those
Primitive
Rulers
,
being
fixed
in
〈…〉
and
heighned
by
the
depravation
of
their
Successors
;
and
this
compared
with
daily
▪
〈◊〉
afforded
to
men
in
the
course
of
Providence
,
begot
a
belief
that
these
things
were
the
Gifts
of
these
Good
Kings
〈◊〉
in
Heaven
,
from
whence
they
came
to
be
prayed
unto
,
and
reputed
Gods
〈◊〉
And
thus
those
things
th●t
did
seem
immediately
to
convey
those
〈…〉
the
Sun
,
Moon
,
and
Stars
,
came
〈◊〉
to
be
adored
,
from
whence
sprung
the
Religion
or
divers
▪
Nations
▪
and
thus
〈◊〉
any
〈◊〉
came
to
receive
Power
and
Domination
over
others
,
〈…〉
became
more
universally
to
be
received
.
Now
whereas
Religion
among
the
Gentiles
had
its
rise
so
〈…〉
hence
,
so
every
Nation
had
their
p●rticular
〈…〉
,
among
this
Roman●
〈…〉
,
which
they
were
devoted
to
▪
The
〈…〉
of
Religion
with
〈…〉
insensibly
,
since
all
the
Gentiles
generally
esteemed
it
a
duty
to
worship
the
Gods
of
that
place
and
Country
they
came
to
,
as
judging
they
had
a
sort
of
distinct
and
peculiar
Jurisdiction
there
;
so
there
was
little
occasion
of
observing
here
a
distinct
Interest
;
because
there
was
no
man
to
claim
the
liberty
of
exercising
it
:
so
far
had
blindness
and
Idolatry
overgrown
the
World.
In
which
state
things
continued
for
many
Ages
,
until
Daniel
and
the
Three
Children
,
after
the
carrying
a
way
of
the
Jews
by
Nebuchadnezzar
,
gave
a
rise
rightly
to
distinguish
and
clear
the
Marches
b●twixt
Religion
and
Policy
,
and
claim
the
liberty
of
the
one
,
without
prejudice
to
the
other
;
for
this
making
Religion
necessary
to
Policy
,
took
its
strength
from
the
unlimited
Tyranny
of
the
Assyrian
Monarchy
,
and
was
the
fruits
of
an
Arbitrary
Power
,
standing
and
exercised
in
the
superlative
degree
;
(
and
it
's
observable
,
that
where
there
is
most
of
that
sort
of
Government
,
there
this
,
to
this
day
,
most
prevails
;
this
being
most
suitable
to
meer
Tyranny
,
and
contrary
to
a
solid
and
well-ballanced
Government
:
)
for
such
being
the
state
of
the
Assyrian
Monarchy
,
as
all
well
read
therein
know
,
the
Flatterers
of
these
Kings
possessed
them
with
a
belief
,
that
the
Authority
of
no
Power
even
in
matters
of
Religion
,
was
to
be
acknowledged
,
nor
even
the
Counsel
of
any
Deity
sought
to
,
above
or
besides
that
of
the
King
;
for
they
did
not
build
the
reason
of
Obedience
,
upon
the
intrinsical
verity
of
the
thing
commanded
by
the
King
,
as
those
that
press
the
same
thing
now
would
seem
to
do
,
or
for
shame
pretend
to
do
;
but
meerly
upon
the
Will
and
Command
of
the
Prince
,
whom
they
think
ought
not
to
be
disobeyed
,
whatever
he
commanded
,
whose
Will
they
would
have
to
be
the
only
rule
of
mens
Actions
in
all
things
:
Hence
came
the
fury
of
Nebuchadnezzar
against
the
Three
Children
,
for
not
obeying
him
,
Dan
3.
in
falling
down
before
his
Golden
Image
;
and
against
Daniel
,
for
praying
with
the
Windows
open
towards
Jerusalem
;
for
neither
of
them
are
charged
for
doing
any
thing
prejudicial
to
the
State
,
and
except
in
this
,
were
found
faithful
Servants
to
the
King
in
other
things
wherein
they
were
imployed
.
And
as
none
will
readily
justifie
the
Assyrian
King
in
his
doings
,
whereof
himself
greatly
repented
,
so
the
Imployments
he
bestowed
upon
those
and
other
Jews
,
and
wherein
they
proved
useful
and
faithful
to
him
,
doth
sufficiently
shew
,
that
the
distinct
Interests
of
Religion
and
Policy
under
one
Prince
,
may
well
be
found
without
prejudice
either
to
Prince
or
People
.
The
like
may
be
observed
in
the
case
of
Ahasuerus
,
who
was
influenced
by
Haman
to
give
out
an
Edict
for
the
destruction
of
the
Jews
;
the
reason
whereof
urged
by
Haman
was
,
that
they
had
Laws
different
from
the
Kings
Laws
,
and
therefore
it
was
not
for
the
Kings
profit
to
suffer
them
.
I
need
not
bestow
pains
to
refute
Haman's
reason
,
since
most
men
will
condemn
it
.
The
same
thing
took
place
for
the
same
cause
in
Nero
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Emperors
who
persecuted
the
Christians
;
for
the
piety
and
ancient
equity
and
sobriety
of
the
Romans
wearing
out
,
and
the
corruption
▪
degeneracy
and
effeminacy
of
the
Eastern
Nations
prevailing
,
so
as
the
Emperors
would
be
reputed
and
adored
as
Gods
,
thence
came
their
endeavouring
to
oblige
men
to
acknowledge
no
God
but
their
Will
and
Pleasure
,
and
no
Religion
but
what
depended
thereon
;
thence
they
made
Religion
a
necessary
part
of
Government
.
And
thus
I
have
briefly
traced
things
until
such
time
as
Christianity
came
to
be
established
by
Law
,
and
Christians
came
to
be
Magistrates
.
After
that
Christianity
came
to
be
received
in
the
Courts
of
Princes
,
and
that
the
Emperors
became
Christians
,
their
honest
zeal
was
soon
abused
by
the
corruption
and
covetousness
of
the
Clergy
,
who
for
their
own
ends
first
possess'd
them
with
a
belief
that
they
ought
to
seek
to
settle
and
establish
Christian
Religion
by
their
Force
and
Power
,
and
that
it
did
much
contribute
to
their
Spiritual
advantage
to
bestow
large
Revenues
upon
the
Clergy
,
and
that
as
Supreme
Magistrate
he
had
a
care
and
superintendency
over
the
Church
;
in
meddling
with
which
the
Emperor
Constantine
found
himself
quickly
not
a
little
embarassed
,
when
he
could
not
find
a
way
to
satisfie
the
Clergy
,
when
they
came
to
quarrel
among
themselves
;
and
so
each
Party
afterwards
in
the
differences
of
these
Times
▪
as
they
could
draw
the
Emperor
to
their
side
,
made
use
of
this
Power
of
the
Magistrate
in
matters
of
Religion
,
for
the
destroying
each
other
:
until
at
last
by
the
growing
of
Superstition
and
other
great
shakings
which
hapned
to
the
Roman
Empire
,
the
Pope
instead
of
being
subject
to
the
Emperor
▪
and
appointed
by
him
(
which
he
was
for
several
Centuries
)
made
a
shift
to
turn
him
by
degrees
out
of
Italy
,
establish
to
himself
a
Temporal
Jurisdiction
in
Rome
,
as
being
forsooth
Peters
Patrimony
,
and
at
last
not
only
to
be
independant
from
the
Emperor
,
but
superiour
to
him
,
as
by
the
tract
even
of
their
own
Historians
is
manifest
,
and
known
to
all
those
who
have
read
the
story
of
Hildebrand
and
others
.
And
thus
by
the
like
means
several
Bishops
in
Germany
,
and
other
places
,
abusing
the
zeal
and
ignorance
of
the
people
,
came
into
the
possession
of
great
Temporal
Jurisdictions
;
and
not
only
so
,
but
in
all
Nations
of
Europe
they
obtained
a
place
in
the
Government
,
and
became
a
distinct
State
;
by
means
of
which
,
having
an
immediate
dependance
upon
the
Pope
,
he
came
to
exercise
an
Universal
Monarchy
in
the
Christian
World
:
And
thus
Religion
came
to
be
a
part
of
Civil
Government
among
Christians
.
And
it
is
greatly
to
be
regretted
,
that
in
the
Reformation
this
was
not
rooted
out
,
but
in
a
great
measure
retained
not
only
by
the
Lutherans
,
but
even
by
the
Calvinists
:
So
that
although
those
who
follow
the
Geneva
Discipline
,
do
pretend
to
abstract
the
Clergy
from
meddling
in
State
,
yet
their
method
of
proceeding
proves
at
last
the
same
;
for
while
they
lay
an
obligation
upon
the
Magistrate
,
under
pretence
of
taking
care
for
the
Cause
and
Church
of
Christ
,
to
establish
one
sort
of
form
of
Religion
,
and
ruine
all
others
;
wherein
he
must
steer
by
the
Clergies
Compass
,
or
otherwise
have
the
people
blown
up
unto
a
Sedition
from
the
Pulpit
:
So
that
experience
hath
proved
,
that
under
the
Government
of
Presbytery
,
(
especially
as
it
was
improved
in
Scotland
,
where
it
came
to
its
height
)
the
insolency
and
imperiousness
of
the
Clergy
became
no
less
troublesome
and
unsupportable
to
the
Magistrates
,
then
that
of
Bishops
,
whether
Papal
or
Protestant
;
so
that
it
is
manifest
,
the
altering
from
one
form
to
another
,
hath
not
cured
these
Nations
of
the
mischiefs
that
therethrough
has
attended
them
,
so
long
as
that
fundamental
Error
is
entertained
,
of
making
Religion
a
part
of
the
Civil
Government
.
Now
this
brief
Historical
hint
doth
abundantly
shew
,
how
these
Interests
are
distinct
,
and
ought
not
be
jumbled
together
:
To
which
I
shall
add
these
brief
Considerations
.
First
,
Because
Religion
and
Policy
,
or
Christianity
and
Magistracy
,
are
two
distinct
things
,
have
two
different
ends
,
and
may
be
fully
prosecuted
without
respect
one
to
the
other
;
the
one
is
for
the
purifying
and
cleansing
the
Soul
,
and
fitting
it
for
a
future
state
;
the
other
is
for
the
maintenance
and
preserving
of
Civil
Society
,
in
order
to
the
outward
conveniency
and
accommodation
of
men
in
this
World.
A
Magistrate
is
a
true
and
real
Magistrate
,
though
not
a
Christian
;
as
well
as
a
man
is
a
true
and
real
Christian
,
without
being
a
Magistrate
.
Christianity
,
far
less
this
or
that
form
of
it
,
doth
not
belong
to
the
being
of
Magistracy
;
else
the
Apostles
and
Primitive
Christians
could
not
have
acknowledged
the
Heathens
to
have
been
their
lawful
Magistrates
and
Superiors
,
as
they
did
,
and
taught
their
Disciples
so
to
do
,
as
appeared
in
the
practice
of
the
Primitive
Christians
beforementioned
.
Secondly
,
Christ
says
expresly
,
his
Kingdom
is
not
of
this
World
;
the
thing
he
came
for
is
a
business
distinct
from
the
external
Government
of
the
World
,
and
hath
no
necessary
connexion
thereto
;
and
therefore
there
doth
not
appear
any
one
saying
of
his
or
his
Followers
,
to
warrant
Magistrates
as
such
to
meddle
in
Religion
,
or
to
warrant
his
Disciples
and
Followers
as
such
to
meddle
with
the
outward
Government
of
the
Nations
:
And
truly
the
dismal
effects
this
has
produced
,
both
to
the
ruine
of
Christianity
and
Civil
Government
,
may
convince
those
that
are
not
byassed
by
particular
Interest
,
(
as
all
Clergy-men
,
both
Pope
,
Prelate
and
Presbyter
generally
are
)
and
love
the
good
and
advancement
either
of
Christianity
or
Civil
Government
,
that
it
is
high
time
to
avoid
this
snare
.
To
this
the
state
of
the
Jews
is
usually
objected
,
whose
Religion
and
Government
was
mixed
together
:
But
that
saying
of
Christ
abovementioned
is
thereunto
a
sufficient
Answer
,
for
they
had
an
outward
Kingdom
,
which
Christ
came
not
to
establish
,
neither
for
himself
nor
Followers
;
and
theirs
related
to
a
particular
Race
or
Family
,
which
is
not
the
case
now
:
besides
that
their
outward
Policy
was
by
Revelation
expresly
given
them
of
God
,
who
gave
them
Rulers
,
Judges
,
Kings
,
oftentimes
by
the
particular
appointment
of
his
Prophets
,
without
respect
either
to
hereditary
Right
,
or
the
choice
of
the
People
;
and
unless
we
would
plead
for
the
like
thing
now
,
which
none
I
know
of
do
,
I
mean
of
those
that
strive
for
the
Government
,
there
can
be
nothing
rationally
urged
from
the
state
of
the
Jews
in
this
matter
.
But
some
may
be
apt
to
say
,
that
there
is
a
necessity
that
Religion
and
Policy
be
interlaced
,
because
those
things
are
a
part
of
Religion
,
which
are
of
absolute
necessity
to
Government
;
such
as
the
suppressing
of
Murther
,
Adultery
,
Theft
,
Perjury
,
which
surely
belongs
to
the
Magistrates
to
punish
.
To
this
I
answer
,
It
is
true
it
belongs
to
the
Magistrate
to
punish
such
like
crimes
;
but
as
these
things
are
contrary
to
the
Law
of
God
,
and
such
as
Religion
strikes
against
,
so
they
are
injurious
to
Civil
Society
,
and
tend
to
destroy
it
▪
and
therefore
come
under
the
Magistrates
cognizance
in
this
respect
,
or
under
this
reduplication
,
and
not
upon
the
meer
Religious
account
;
for
whatever
is
destructive
or
injurious
to
Civil
Society
,
comes
to
be
punished
by
the
Magistrate
upon
that
score
,
without
respect
to
its
concern
in
Christianity
:
as
we
see
these
things
were
punishable
by
the
Magistrates
in
all
well-regulated
Kingdoms
and
Commonwealths
among
the
Heathens
;
where
they
could
not
be
considered
as
any
part
of
the
Christian
Religion
.
Not
that
I
deny
,
where
both
Magistrate
and
People
are
Christian
,
and
agreed
in
the
acknowledgment
that
such
things
are
not
only
hurtful
to
Civil
Society
,
but
destructive
to
their
immortal
Souls
,
he
may
improve
that
reason
to
deterr
the
people
from
these
evils
▪
as
also
to
bear
home
to
them
the
justice
of
the
punishment
:
but
this
he
does
not
simply
as
a
Magistrate
,
but
as
a
Christian
,
even
as
such
Magistrates
among
the
Heathens
as
were
Philosophers
sometimes
used
to
do
.
To
this
I
suppose
it
may
be
also
readily
objected
;
That
according
to
this
Principle
both
Papists
,
Presbyters
,
Anabaptists
,
yea
such
as
were
John
of
L●yden
and
his
Complices
,
may
and
ought
to
be
tolerated
,
if
the
Magistrate
has
nothing
to
do
with
the
Consciences
of
his
Subjects
:
And
again
,
if
the
Magistrate
should
become
any
of
these
,
the
People
ought
quietly
to
bear
it
.
To
this
I
answer
,
and
indeed
herein
the
excellency
of
this
fundamental
Principle
both
in
Religion
and
Government
will
appear
,
That
Popery
hath
two
parts
,
the
one
is
that
which
is
meerly
Religious
,
that
is
,
which
relates
properly
to
Religion
or
Conscience
,
and
are
peculiar
to
them
,
such
as
the
believing
Transubstantiation
,
Purgatory
,
Adoration
of
Saints
and
Images
,
yea
and
the
Superiority
of
the
Bishop
of
Rome
over
other
Church-men
,
as
they
call
them
;
all
which
,
and
those
of
this
kind
,
may
be
believed
and
professed
without
prejudice
to
Civil
Society
,
and
as
being
matters
meerly
relating
to
Conscience
,
come
not
properly
under
the
Magistrates
cognizance
.
The
other
part
is
the
opinion
of
the
Pope's
power
over
Princes
and
States
,
his
absolving
the
people
from
their
Obedience
,
his
giving
them
Dispensations
to
kill
and
destroy
them
;
and
allowing
them
not
to
keep
Faith
to
Hereticks
,
and
such
like
;
which
as
they
are
destructive
to
Government
,
are
truly
no
part
of
Religion
,
but
a
politick
contrivance
long
hatched
by
the
Bishop
of
Rome
and
his
Dependants
,
for
establishing
to
himself
a
firm
Monarchy
in
the
World
,
and
therefore
ought
to
be
guarded
against
and
punished
by
the
Magistrate
,
not
as
Errors
in
Religion
,
but
as
destructive
to
the
Government
.
If
it
be
said
,
all
Papists
believe
and
profess
,
and
are
ready
to
practise
these
things
:
To
that
I
say
,
then
in
so
far
they
are
lyable
and
ought
to
be
punished
,
and
not
tolerated
.
But
let
the
reason
of
our
procedure
&
sentence
against
them
be
,
not
their
opinion
in
things
meerly
Religious
,
but
their
destructiveness
to
Civil
Government
:
Thus
if
we
go
upon
this
sound
Principle
,
we
shall
preserve
the
honour
of
the
truly
Christian
&
Protestant
Cause
,
and
take
away
from
them
all
occasion
of
glorying
in
their
Sufferings
,
or
of
strengthning
themselves
against
Protestants
in
Popish
Countries
,
who
live
peaceably
,
and
hold
no
such
Principles
as
oblige
them
to
make
any
disturbance
in
the
Government
.
The
like
may
be
said
of
all
others
called
Sectaries
,
whom
the
Magistrate
is
to
restrain
only
in
so
far
as
they
hold
principles
,
or
bring
forth
practices
that
are
destructive
to
the
Government
.
As
to
the
second
part
of
the
objection
,
relating
to
the
Magistrate
,
I
answer
,
such
are
either
Elective
,
or
Hereditary
;
if
Elective
,
there
is
no
place
for
the
objection
,
because
the
Electors
have
access
to
chuse
men
of
such
Principles
as
they
like
best
;
if
Hereditary
,
it
is
either
absolute
,
or
limited
;
if
there
be
any
such
exyress
limitation
,
as
excludes
men
of
such
and
such
Principles
,
then
the
case
is
solved
;
if
not
,
the
former
distinction
will
hold
:
Let
the
Magistrate
entertain
such
Principles
as
best
likes
him
,
in
matters
that
are
purely
Religious
;
but
if
he
will
entertain
such
as
are
destructive
to
the
Government
,
by
which
he
infringes
the
priviledges
of
the
people
,
and
will
rob
them
of
their
Lives
,
Liberties
and
Estates
,
meerly
upon
the
account
of
Religion
,
certainly
they
have
great
reason
to
beware
how
they
come
under
such
a
Yoak
;
which
they
can
do
without
any
blemish
,
and
with
full
justification
in
the
face
of
the
Nations
,
since
they
deny
not
the
Magistrate
the
exercise
of
his
Religion
for
himself
:
and
herein
the
people
also
may
be
sufficiently
secured
,
whatever
be
the
M●gistrates
Religion
,
if
thus
bounded
,
as
in
the
application
to
the
state
of
things
here
in
England
,
and
Scotland
also
,
will
appear
,
to
which
I
now
proceed
.
It
is
to
be
considered
,
that
these
Nations
having
been
long
involved
in
a
Civil
War
,
through
which
a
new
people
(
not
formerly
,
or
but
little
known
)
have
grown
up
,
who
as
men
have
or
ought
to
have
an
interest
in
the
same
Immunities
,
Freedoms
and
Priviledges
with
the
rest
;
as
to
Civil
things
at
least
;
for
else
in
England
the
Papist
might
plead
Magna
Charta
,
that
all
but
they
ought
to
be
extruded
the
Nation
,
or
be
lyable
to
such
troubles
as
might
make
it
too
hot
for
them
to
stay
in
;
and
so
in
Scotland
and
Ireland
,
if
not
by
the
same
,
yet
by
other
mediums
:
so
that
as
to
the
Spiritual
Constitution
,
or
the
Civil
Government
of
these
Nations
as
to
Spiritual
things
the
Laws
have
not
been
as
those
of
the
Medes
and
Persians
,
but
have
received
alterations
according
to
the
necessity
and
conveniency
of
times
;
that
those
who
have
given
the
Law
,
and
in
and
for
whose
favour
,
for
whose
protection
the
Laws
were
expresly
made
,
had
them
turned
against
them
,
and
for
the
protection
of
those
against
whom
the
Laws
were
made
.
Since
the
coming
in
of
the
King
that
now
is
,
(
after
a
long
Civil
intestine
War
,
as
hath
been
said
)
that
which
hath
been
set
up
paramount
over
and
above
all
,
hath
been
that
of
Bishops
,
or
Episcopacy
,
to
the
utter
suppression
of
all
others
;
with
all
strenuous
endeavours
to
strengthen
and
propagate
that
Profession
,
and
drive
on
an
Uniformity
,
which
how
ineffectual
it
hath
hitherto
been
,
all
may
see
,
as
may
appear
by
the
Kings
Declaration
in
the
year
1672.
and
though
a
considerable
time
hath
since
intervened
,
it
may
still
be
seen
there
was
good
reason
for
the
import
of
that
Declaration
,
whereby
the
Ship
of
these
Nations
hath
been
tossed
and
lyable
to
great
hazards
,
through
the
tumultuating
humours
,
surmises
,
discontents
of
the
severals
concerned
,
in
being
lyable
to
be
out
of
the
protection
of
the
Law
;
so
that
upon
these
accounts
,
and
the
concurring
circumstances
that
either
have
been
,
or
might
have
bern
artificially
managed
to
blow
the
Coal
;
I
say
,
considering
the
combustible
matter
,
it
is
to
me
matter
of
acknowledgment
and
admiration
,
that
things
have
not
run
unto
confusion
long
ere
now
:
And
truly
my
hope
is
,
that
God
Almighty
intends
better
things
for
these
Nations
,
then
that
one
size
or
sort
of
people
should
be
set
up
in
matters
of
Religion
,
to
the
utter
ruinating
and
undoing
of
all
others
;
or
that
thereby
through
the
impatience
of
man
,
(
to
whom
it
is
hard
to
bear
to
have
his
Spiritual
and
Civil
Liberties
snapt
away
at
once
)
or
through
the
artifice
of
them
who
upon
other
grounds
of
discontent
,
may
make
use
of
this
to
blow
these
Nations
into
a
flame
,
which
God
forbid
,
my
hope
and
desire
is
rather
,
that
those
in
Authority
may
consider
as
Christians
and
prudent
men
,
how
to
land
the
Ship
in
a
safe
Harbour
.
First
,
how
as
Christians
they
are
not
concerned
to
meddle
in
this
matter
;
that
is
,
that
Christianity
lays
no
obligation
upon
the
Magistrate
to
establish
any
form
of
the
Christian
Religion
by
Law
,
is
above
shewn
:
so
that
such
do
say
nothing
to
the
purpose
,
who
land
this
debate
(
as
most
of
the
Clergy
do
)
in
recurring
to
the
Laws
in
force
,
saying
,
So
it
stands
by
Law
,
so
it
is
settled
by
Law
,
for
the
Law
was
no
less
strong
in
Q.
Maries
days
for
Popery
,
then
now
for
that
which
is
set
up
.
Next
,
if
it
stand
upon
a
meer
prudent
prudential
politick
foot
,
and
so
be
settled
by
the
Laws
of
these
Nations
,
I
apply
my self
in
the
second
place
to
consider
,
how
far
it
is
truly
suitable
to
prudence
,
how
far
it
is
prudential
for
the
Magistrates
of
these
Nations
,
how
far
it
is
good
policy
in
them
to
own
,
assert
,
lay
claim
to
such
a
power
,
as
things
are
circumstantiated
especially
;
that
is
to
say
,
to
set
up
by
Law
any
form
of
Christian
Religion
,
and
by
the
Civil
Power
and
Authority
to
stand
by
the
Professors
of
it
,
to
the
depressing
,
exterminating
,
discountenancing
,
crushing
and
discouraging
of
all
others
:
I
say
,
this
seems
to
me
not
only
to
be
Antichristian
,
but
Antiprudential
,
Antipolitical
,
and
a
thing
of
a
wonderful
dangerous
consequence
,
and
impracticable
for
any
long
continuance
,
without
the
hazarding
of
all
,
for
these
Reasons
.
It
is
not
prudential
for
Magistrates
to
keep
alive
Seeds
of
discord
,
emulation
,
strife
,
among
the
people
over
whom
they
rule
,
for
this
but
narrows
his
or
their
power
,
instead
of
enlarging
it
;
for
as
this
engages
those
who
are
countenanced
,
so
it
alienates
more
or
less
all
those
who
are
discountenanced
or
is
lyable
to
do
so
.
Besides
all
the
several
other
dissenting
Judgments
in
these
Nations
,
there
are
three
sorts
that
lay
claim
to
the
Magistrates
espousing
them
and
their
way
,
as
that
which
he
is
obliged
to
do
in
a
National
way
;
and
all
these
three
lay
claim
for
the
limits
of
their
Church
to
be
as
broad
and
long
at
least
as
the
Nation
,
to
wit
,
the
Popish
,
Prelatical
,
and
Presbyterian
;
all
these
pretend
to
be
diametrically
opposite
to
each
other
,
and
each
of
them
have
had
the
advantage
to
get
the
Magistrate
on
their
side
,
and
to
be
settled
by
Law
;
publick
places
and
publick
maintenance
have
belonged
to
them
:
Thus
even
the
Democratical
Government
of
Presbytery
,
could
cry
out
on
all
meddlers
with
Church-Lands
,
but
especially
Tithes
,
as
Sacrilegious
persons
.
Now
this
hath
been
especially
the
Bone
of
Contention
among
these
three
;
it
was
not
,
nor
is
not
meerly
that
any
of
them
should
be
owned
to
be
the
Church
and
Ministry
of
Christ
only
,
or
before
all
others
,
but
that
they
should
be
set
above
all
others
,
so
as
to
have
the
maintenance
and
respective
priviledges
due
to
Holy
Church
.
Now
were
it
prudential
to
set
up
any
of
these
three
,
as
the
present
condition
and
complexion
of
the
Nations
are
?
I
say
,
Nay
;
as
for
the
Papists
,
they
are
a
diminutive
Sect
to
the
rest
of
the
Nation
respectively
,
though
upon
all
other
accounts
they
stood
upon
an
equal
foot
with
the
rest
differing
from
them
,
as
I
have
shewn
before
they
do
not
:
as
to
those
of
the
Episcopal
way
,
such
as
truly
are
engaged
in
their
Judgments
to
that
way
,
are
not
much
more
considerable
then
they
,
so
that
they
will
be
found
but
a
diminutive
Sect
also
▪
so
that
to
establish
them
,
and
drive
a
Conformity
to
them
,
hath
been
hitherto
but
to
go
against
Wind
and
Tide
,
because
the
sence
of
the
people
(
though
upon
differing
accounts
)
hath
been
and
is
against
them
:
as
to
the
Presbyterians
,
it
is
to
be
confessed
they
are
more
considerable
then
both
the
other
for
number
,
though
not
of
one
Judgment
among
themselves
,
albeit
all
agreeing
that
they
ought
to
be
set
up
,
owned
and
countenanced
by
the
Magistrate
,
and
he
to
be
subservient
to
them
,
not
to
be
the
Head
of
the
Church
,
that
is
lodged
in
the
General
Assembly
:
yet
in
prudence
it
is
not
●●t
,
nor
a
foot
large
enough
for
the
Magistrate
to
rest
upon
,
so
as
to
crush
down
all
others
;
for
they
,
taken
as
all
of
one
Judgment
,
will
be
found
but
a
diminutive
Sect
,
put
in
the
ballance
with
all
others
,
to
wit
,
the
other
two
beforementioned
,
and
the
rest
of
the
dissenters
in
the
Nation
.
And
as
they
are
a
people
positive
and
peremptory
,
and
lyable
to
fall
in
differences
among
themselves
,
as
was
manifest
in
Scotland
about
the
year
1650.
it
will
be
no
less
hard
to
satisfie
them
;
then
they
to
satisfie
one
another
;
however
this
will
be
the
minimum
quod
sic
,
that
all
others
must
be
crushed
and
born
down
,
so
as
it
will
be
found
hard
to
please
them
,
for
they
will
be
found
to
grow
in
their
Encroachments
and
Demands
,
and
it
will
not
be
found
so
easie
a
matter
,
whatever
cause
or
occasion
should
be
found
for
it
,
to
limit
or
stop
them
once
being
set
up
as
they
that
are
less
considerable
:
neither
do
I
see
it
prudential
for
the
Magistrate
to
countenance
any
of
these
,
so
as
to
give
them
the
sole
countenance
of
Publick
Authority
,
as
to
Church-Power
,
as
it
hath
been
called
and
accounted
the
National
Church
,
&
so
these
to
have
Publick
Authority
and
Maintenance
,
and
Priviledge
accord●ng
to
Law
▪
&
the
rest
only
to
be
tolerated
and
connived
at
,
for
this
is
only
to
keep
up
the
Bone
of
Contention
,
that
as
opportunity
serves
they
in
the
Saddle
may
be
unhorsed
,
and
they
that
are
stronger
get
into
their
room
:
For
it
is
never
to
be
reckoned
of
,
that
the
Papists
though
they
had
their
Liberty
by
way
of
toleration
or
connivance
,
as
the
rest
of
dissenters
,
will
be
satisfied
so
long
as
they
see
Law
countenance
them
that
separated
from
them
,
and
those
in
the
possession
of
their
Mass-houses
and
Maintenance
,
that
were
originally
settled
upon
and
consecrated
by
their
Church
,
and
which
as
to
its
original
had
its
rise
from
their
Church
?
Or
is
it
to
be
reckoned
upon
that
the
Presbyters
,
whatever
countenance
or
toleration
were
granted
them
,
though
settled
by
Law
,
would
be
satisfied
while
excluded
from
the
Publick
Places
and
Maintenance
?
and
they
being
the
stronger
,
and
a
growing
Interest
,
would
still
be
lying
at
catch
to
be
in
again
;
were
it
not
then
good
Christianity
in
the
Magistrates
,
who
profess
themselves
to
be
Christians
,
to
deny
themselves
in
giving
to
Christ
Jesus
that
which
is
his
due
only
,
that
is
,
to
be
Head
in
and
over
his
Church
,
and
leave
the
Government
to
him
,
and
get
their
hands
out
of
this
Thorny
matter
,
that
hath
produced
nothing
to
themselves
but
trouble
,
without
which
these
Nations
can
never
be
firmly
settled
:
I
am
bold
to
say
,
and
were
it
not
good
prudence
so
to
do
.
What
hath
been
the
Fama
clamosa
for
many
years
of
old
,
and
of
late
before
the
War
,
and
since
the
coming
in
of
the
King
,
and
is
so
at
this
day
?
Popery
!
Arbitrary
Government
!
there
hath
a
Jealousie
entred
the
minds
of
people
concerning
these
things
;
could
a
better
way
be
found
out
to
pluck
up
these
surmises
by
the
Roots
,
then
if
all
concern'd
would
shew
a
willingness
and
ready
compliance
,
and
contribute
to
it
in
their
respective
places
and
stations
,
that
it
might
be
fundamentally
settled
and
established
as
a
Basis
never
to
be
shaken
,
that
all
Christian
men
should
be
left
to
the
Government
of
the
Law
of
Jesus
,
to
worship
him
and
serve
him
,
as
they
shall
find
themselves
by
him
obliged
;
the
Magistrate
not
at
all
to
meddle
or
intermeddle
therein
,
further
then
to
see
that
this
be
kept
among
all
,
so
that
no
man
nor
men
may
be
imposed
upon
in
the
matters
of
Religion
,
within
the
bounds
of
his
Jurisdiction
,
by
any
outward
force
or
violence
;
nor
his
Authority
be
made
use
of
to
confirm
any
Spiritual
sentence
more
or
less
,
but
as
every
one
hath
been
or
may
be
perswaded
to
joyn
themselves
to
any
sorts
of
people
,
upon
a
Spiritual
or
Christian
account
,
they
may
be
left
so
to
do
in
matters
meerly
and
only
relating
to
Conscience
,
and
that
all
Laws
to
the
contrary
may
be
utterly
and
totally
abolished
;
and
as
to
all
other
things
,
every
one
from
the
least
to
the
greatest
to
be
subject
to
the
Civil
Laws
of
the
Nation
,
and
that
Order
and
Good
Government
among
men
may
be
established
,
and
that
none
under
whatsoever
pretence
may
plead
Immunity
from
subjection
to
the
Laws
,
in
such
things
that
come
properly
and
unquestionably
under
the
Civil
Magistrates
cognizance
;
so
that
he
may
be
an
encouragment
to
those
that
do
well
,
and
a
terror
to
evil
doers
,
that
good
and
wholesom
Laws
may
be
made
by
those
to
whom
it
is
proper
so
to
do
,
for
establishing
the
Rights
and
Properties
of
men
as
men
,
and
for
encouraging
Sobriety
;
and
this
is
proper
for
the
Magistrate
.
But
what
will
become
of
Holy
Church
,
will
some
say
?
She
will
be
where
she
was
,
for
the
Magistrate
withdrawing
his
hand
,
leaving
every
profession
and
way
to
stand
upon
its
own
legs
,
Unchurches
neither
Papists
,
Episcopalians
,
nor
Presbyterians
,
they
are
a
Church
still
,
if
they
were
so
before
.
But
saith
the
Bishops
and
Hierarchy
,
What
shall
become
of
us
?
if
the
Magistrate
withdraw
his
hand
,
where
shall
we
have
Maintenance
?
where
shall
we
have
a
place
to
Preach
in
?
Ye
shall
have
no
less
advantage
or
ground
to
stand
in
then
those
that
relate
to
other
people
,
that
account
themselves
to
have
Ministers
,
and
to
be
Churches
;
yea
this
advantage
you
have
above
all
them
,
that
you
have
had
18
or
19
years
Places
and
Benefices
,
so
you
may
the
better
hear
the
want
,
till
you
try
the
benevolence
of
your
People
,
which
is
all
the
rest
will
have
as
well
as
you
,
so
you
will
all
stand
on
an
equal
foot
;
and
it
's
fit
they
should
▪
for
the
publick
Preaching
places
,
and
the
publick
Maintenance
hath
been
the
Bone
of
Contention
in
these
Nations
,
and
will
be
found
to
stand
upon
the
same
foot
with
Abbeys
and
Nunneries
,
and
Church-Lands
:
The
intent
originally
was
honest
and
good
,
and
from
●●al
.
As
the
one
〈◊〉
time
of
Reformation
;
and
for
publick
necessity
and
conveniency
,
was
removed
and
utterly
abolished
;
as
to
the
use
they
were
first
intended
for
;
so
may
these
,
and
so
must
these
,
if
ever
the
Nation
see
a
firm
and
thorough
settlement
;
the
Church-Lands
(
a
suitable
case
given
to
the
Tenants
)
applied
to
the
Revenue
of
the
Crown
,
and
annexed
thereto
for
ever
inviolably
;
I
mean
Bishop
,
Chapte●
,
and
Dean-Lands
,
and
such
as
have
been
accounted
in
the
right
and
possession
of
the
present
Churches
respectively
.
The
Tithes
have
been
a
great
oppression
upon
the
people
of
these
Nations
▪
and
would
be
absolutely
extinguish'd
both
as
to
name
and
thing
,
so
as
there
may
be
no
footsteps
of
them
;
and
that
no
man
whatsoever
that
is
a
Proprietor
in
Land
,
may
be
lyable
to
have
another
to
have
an
Interest
in
his
Tithe
,
which
hath
been
a
great
bondage
and
servitude
;
and
had
its
Interest
upon
the
account
that
they
belong'd
to
Holy
Church
,
and
was
their
Patrimony
.
Now
things
being
settled
upon
another
foundation
and
turned
quite
in
another
Channel
,
by
the
prudence
and
care
of
those
to
whom
it
be●●●gs
properly
so
to
do
,
with
a
suitable
regard
every
way
,
that
the
c●nscientiously
tender
Christian
,
●ho
ha●●
suffered
daily
upon
this
account
,
and
the
Rights
of
men
,
as
men
,
may
be
answered
,
and
〈◊〉
way
and
expedient
found
out
to
give
some
competent
satisfaction
,
suitable
to
the
Rights
and
Possessions
of
Impropriators
,
so
as
henceforward
the
Stock
and
Tithe
may
b●
so
confounded
and
involved
,
that
whoever
hath
the
Property
of
Possession
of
Lands
,
may
never
be
lyable
to
any
such
bondage
more
or
less
,
by
these
accessions
of
the
Bishops
;
and
other
Church-Lands
not
already
disposed
o●
into
the
possession
of
the
Laity
,
so
called
,
there
shall
be
a
considerable
addition
of
Revenue
to
the
Crown
,
and
hereby
the
Body
of
●●e
people
of
those
Nations
will
be
gratified
,
in
removing
the
great
oppression
and
servitude
of
Tithes
,
the
cause
of
Contention
will
be
removed
,
and
every
sort
and
size
of
people
will
stand
upon
their
own
legs
;
all
unreasonable
expectations
of
setting
up
one
sort
of
men
,
and
throwing
down
all
the
rest
,
will
be
out
;
all
fears
and
jealousies
,
and
animosities
upon
this
account
will
cease
,
and
hereby
that
which
hath
been
a
standing
fear
and
jealousie
upon
the
people
of
these
Nations
,
will
be
plucked
up
by
the
Roots
.
If
it
be
said
,
What
shall
become
of
the
Magistrate
or
Magistrates
,
things
being
thus
settled
?
Where
were
the
hazard
?
for
were
it
not
unreasonable
that
the
Magistrate
or
Magistrates
should
be
in
worse
case
then
the
People
?
who
are
to
be
left
to
their
absolute
liberty
as
to
the
matter
of
Religion
,
without
being
lyable
to
any
Civil
inconveniency
,
or
abridg'd
of
any
priviledge
upon
the
account
of
this
or
that
form
of
Religion
,
meerly
as
such
;
then
why
not
the
Magistrate
?
It
being
fundamentally
settled
,
as
it
would
be
,
and
is
needful
it
should
be
,
that
except
in
his
or
their
Family
as
Chap●ain
,
and
that
in
a
temporary
way
,
it
should
not
be
in
the
power
of
the
Magistrate
or
Magistrates
,
to
make
any
standing
Maintenance
,
or
settlement
upon
any
sort
of
men
in
Orders
,
or
to
set
them
up
or
countenance
them
,
further
then
by
his
or
their
being
of
their
perswasion
,
or
allowing
them
on
such
account
entertainment
as
Chaplain●
;
and
that
for
clearing
the
people
of
these
Nations
of
the
aforementioned
Seeds
of
Jealousie
,
it
be
fundamentally
settled
as
a
Magna
Charta
for
ever
,
that
whosoever
in
the
Magistracy
,
or
any
other
from
the
least
to
the
greatest
,
shall
be
found
to
alter
or
innovate
this
Fundamental
settlement
,
shall
be
lyable
to
be
judged
by
this
Law
,
as
guilty
of
Tre●son
against
the
Fundamentals
of
the
Government
,
for
the
Law
only
is
,
and
is
to
be
declared
Supreme
;
and
that
whoever
either
separately
or
in
conjunction
,
shall
go
against
this
Basis
or
Fundamental
settlement
,
were
it
a
single
person
,
or
the
Parliament
,
shall
ceas●
to
be
Magistrate
or
a
Parliament
,
and
their
Decrees
become
void
and
null
:
for
the
●●ndame●tals
are
never
to
be
altered
,
viz.
that
the
Magistrate
,
as
Magistrate
,
is
to
be
wholly
▪
shu●
but
,
as
to
all
meddling
in
matters
of
Religion
,
but
every
man
as
to
the
Magistrates
interposition
〈◊〉
▪
be
left
free
;
and
that
all
men
,
as
men
born
freemen
,
not
having
fo●f●i●ed
their
Liberty
by
doing
those
things
which
makes
them
obnoxious
,
shall
be
secure
in
their
Persons
and
●●dates
from
all
.
Arbitrary
proceedings
;
which
will
truly
be
for
the
ho●●ur
and
greatn●ss
of
the
Magistrate
or
Magistrates
,
and
safety
of
the
People
.
These
things
being
writ
by
one
that
hates
to
be
Dogmatical
,
are
therefore
only
modestly
proposed
and
humbly
submitted
to
those
of
more
mature
Judgment
and
greater
Experience
,
especially
to
the
New
appro●ching
Parliament
,
by
him
who
in
truth
can
subscribe
himself
,
Philo-Britannicus
.