item: #1 of 55 id: 10202 author: Mitchell, Maria title: Maria Mitchell: Life, Letters, and Journals date: None words: 80727 flesch: 76 summary: Occasionally it happened that work requiring two hours or more to prepare called for little time in the class. Mr. Mitchell was a man of great suavity and gentleness; if left to himself he would never have denied a single request made to him by one of his children. keywords: airy; american; book; cambridge; children; college; comet; country; course; daughter; day; days; discovery; england; english; europe; evening; family; father; friend; girl; good; half; home; hours; house; lady; left; letter; life; like; london; look; looking; man; maria; medal; men; miss; miss mitchell; mitchell; morning; mrs; new; night; observations; observatory; people; place; professor; room; saw; school; schumacher; science; sir; stars; subject; sun; telescope; thought; time; vassar; way; woman; work; world; years; young cache: 10202.txt plain text: 10202.txt item: #2 of 55 id: 10655 author: Airy, George Biddell title: Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy date: None words: 138316 flesch: 62 summary: Never did man enter into the married state from more honourable motives, or from a heart more truly seeking the genuine happiness of that state than Mr Airy, and he will, I trust, find his reward in you from all that a good wife can render to the best of husbands, and his happiness be reflected on yourself. In the course of the following year a very handsome gold medal, specially struck, was transmitted by Count Ouvaroff on the part of the Emperor of Russia, to Mr Airy. 1848 In April I received authority to purchase of Simms an 8-inch object-glass for the new Transit Circle for _£300_. keywords: 1st; 24th; account; admiralty; airy; apr; astronomer; astronomer royal; astronomical; athenaeum; aug; august; board; business; cambridge; cambridge observatory; chronometers; circle; college; correspondence; course; day; days; deal; dec; degree; earth; eclipse; end; examination; feb; following; form; general; george; good; great; greenwich; greenwich observatory; herschel; history; house; instrument; jan; july; june; lectures; letter; life; london; longitude; lord; lunar; magnetic; mar; mathematical; matter; meeting; month; moon; near; new; nov; number; observations; observatory; oct; october; office; order; paper; phil; place; playford; present; private; prof; railway; read; remarks; report; results; room; royal observatory; saw; science; sept; sheepshanks; sir; smith; soc; society; solar; south; stars; state; subject; sun; system; telescope; theory; time; transit; trinity; university; venus; visitors; whewell; wife; work; year cache: 10655.txt plain text: 10655.txt item: #3 of 55 id: 10855 author: Wallace, Alfred Russel title: Is Mars habitable? A critical examination of Professor Percival Lowell's book "Mars and its canals," with an alternative explanation date: None words: 26052 flesch: 53 summary: The careful examination which I have been led to give to the whole of the phenomena which Mars presents, and especially to the discoveries of Mr. Lowell, has led me to what I hope will be considered a satisfactory physical explanation of them. [Footnote 1: Mercury also seems to have a scanty atmosphere, but as its mass is only one-thirtieth that of the earth it can retain only the heavier gases, and its atmosphere may be dust-laden, as is that of Mars, according to Mr. Lowell. keywords: atmosphere; canals; conditions; earth; fact; heat; lowell; mars; miles; moon; planet; point; snow; sun; surface; temperature; vapour; water cache: 10855.txt plain text: 10855.txt item: #4 of 55 id: 12340 author: Anonymous title: The Story of the Herschels, a Family of Astronomers Sir William Herschel, Sir John Herschel, Caroline Herschel date: None words: 22132 flesch: 62 summary: The house at Datchet--Housekeeping details--A devoted sister--Life at Datchet--Herschel's astronomical observations--Testing and trying eyepieces--The colossal telescope--Miss Herschel's accident--Removed to Slough--Constructing a forty-foot telescope--Brother and sister--Heroic self-denial--Occupations at Slough--Royal liberality--An astronomer's triumphs--About the nebulae--Investigation of the sun's constitution--The solar spots, and their influence--Physical constitution of the moon--Lunar volcanoes--Arago's explanation--Herschel's study of the planets--Satellites of Saturn--Discovery of Uranus--And of its six satellites--Study of Pigott's comet and the comet of 1811--Description of the latter--An uneventful life--Herschel's marriage--His honours--Extracts from his sister's diary--Decaying strength--Herschel removes to Bath--Last days of an astronomer--Illustration of the ruling passion--Death of Sir William Herschel--His achievements CHAPTER IV. Birth and education of Sir John Herschel--Honours at Cambridge--First publication--Continues his scientific studies--His numerous literary contributions--His devotion to his father's reputation--The forty-foot telescope--Herschel's observations on the double and triple stars--On the refraction and polarization of light--Catalogue of nebulae and star-clusters--Voyage to Cape Town--Letter to Miss Herschel--Study of the southern heavens--Return to England--Distinctions conferred upon him--His Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects--His description of volcanoes and earthquakes--Continual changes in the configuration of the earth--Violent earthquakes--Phenomena of volcanic eruptions--In Mexico--In the island of Sumbawa--Herschel's theory of volcanic forces--His character CHAPTER V. Caroline Herschel's devotion to her brother William--Her grief and solitariness at his death--Reflections on the mutability of human things--Aunt and nephew--A parsimonious government--Miss Herschel's gold medal--South on Sir William's discoveries--On Miss Herschel's devotion--Her own astronomical discoveries--Her life at Hanover--Her wonderful memory--Anecdotes of Sir John Herschel--Correspondence between aunt and nephew--The path of duty--Sir John's visit to Miss Herschel--Reminiscences of early years--A nonogenarian--A Christmas in Hanover--Last days of Caroline Herschel--Her death--Her epitaph THE STORY OF THE HERSCHELS. It would appear from the following letter that Sir William Herschel was inadequately rewarded, and that his sister felt this keenly:-- There can be no harm, she says, in telling my own dear nephew that I never felt satisfied with the support your father received towards his undertakings, and far less with the ungracious manner in which it was granted. keywords: astronomer; brother; caroline; comet; day; days; father; foot; herschel; john; life; man; men; mirror; miss; miss herschel; nephew; night; observations; science; sir; sister; stars; telescope; time; william; work; years cache: 12340.txt plain text: 12340.txt item: #5 of 55 id: 12406 author: Bryant, Walter W. (Walter William) title: Kepler date: None words: 17756 flesch: 52 summary: In 1583 young Kepler was sent to the school at Elmendingen, and in 1584 had another narrow escape from death by a violent illness. I. Astronomy Before Kepler II. keywords: astronomy; centre; circle; earth; idea; kepler; mars; moon; motion; observations; orbit; planets; point; stars; sun; tables; theory; time; tycho; way; year cache: 12406.txt plain text: 12406.txt item: #6 of 55 id: 15620 author: Warren, Henry White title: Recreations in Astronomy With Directions for Practical Experiments and Telescopic Work date: None words: 68850 flesch: 76 summary: The whole amount of star light is about one-eightieth of that of the full moon. Doubtless other suns are as far from Alpha Centauri and each other as that is from ours. keywords: air; attraction; bodies; body; centre; comet; day; diameter; distance; earth; eye; fig; force; god; half; heat; heavens; illustration; inch; jupiter; light; line; man; mars; matter; men; miles; moon; new; number; o'clock; orbit; page; place; planets; point; pole; power; revolution; saturn; second; space; stars; sun; surface; system; telescope; time; water; world; years; | | cache: 15620.txt plain text: 15620.txt item: #7 of 55 id: 15636 author: Pickering, Edward C. (Edward Charles) title: The Future of Astronomy date: None words: 5688 flesch: 62 summary: Great astronomers are very conservative, and any sensational story in the newspapers is likely to have but little support from them. If the sky is clear at the time of the eclipse, the newspapers of the next day report that great results have been secured, and after that nothing further is ever heard. keywords: astronomers; astronomy; results; science; stars; time; work; years cache: 15636.txt plain text: 15636.txt item: #8 of 55 id: 16227 author: Everett, Edward title: The Uses of Astronomy An Oration Delivered at Albany on the 28th of July, 1856 date: None words: 20048 flesch: 51 summary: Numerous as are the heavenly bodies visible to the naked eye, and glorious as are their manifestations, it is probable that in our own system there are great numbers as yet undiscovered. * * Would it not be well to suggest the propriety of a meeting of Geologists and other scientific men of our country at some central point next fall,--say at New-York or Philadelphia? keywords: albany; american; astronomy; bodies; city; country; day; discovery; dudley; heavens; history; instruments; life; men; new; observations; observatory; occasion; place; power; prof; progress; science; state; survey; system; time; work; world; years; york cache: 16227.txt plain text: 16227.txt item: #9 of 55 id: 16767 author: Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony) title: Half-hours with the Telescope Being a Popular Guide to the Use of the Telescope as a Means of Amusement and Instruction. date: None words: 33686 flesch: 68 summary: [chi] may be found by noticing that there is a cluster of small stars in the middle of the triangle formed by the stars [gamma], [delta], and [beta] Cygni (see Map 4, Frontispiece), and that [chi] is the nearest star _of the cluster_ to [beta]. It is unlikely that the faintest component of the cluster is farther off than the brightest (a seventh-magnitude star) in the proportion of more than about 20 to 19, while the ordinary estimate of star magnitudes, applied by Herschel, gave a proportion of 20 or 30 to 1 at least. keywords: components; disc; distance; double; eye; field; glass; half; horizon; image; light; magnitude; object; observation; observer; plate; point; power; star; sun; telescope; tube; view cache: 16767.txt plain text: 16767.txt item: #10 of 55 id: 17712 author: Elger, Thomas Gwyn title: The Moon: A Full Description and Map of its Principal Physical Features date: None words: 70426 flesch: 67 summary: In the Catalogue, N. S. E. W. are used as abbreviations for the cardinal points. Near the N. end are many bright little craters, many of them unrecorded. keywords: border; bright; central; cleft; crater; deg; diameter; feet; fine; floor; formation; height; interior; light; mare; miles; moon; mountain; n. border; n.e; n.w; object; plain; ridges; ring; s.e; s.w; schmidt; surface; valley; w. wall; wall cache: 17712.txt plain text: 17712.txt item: #11 of 55 id: 17759 author: International Meridian Conference (1884 : Washington, D.C.) title: International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. October, 1884. Protocols of the Proceedings date: None words: 67787 flesch: 56 summary: The basis of Mr. Gyldén's system is that time meridians should be separated from the standard initial meridian by either 10 or some integral multiple of 10 minutes. Greenwich time is exclusively used in Great Britain, and differs from mean local time about eight minutes on the east and about twenty-two and a half minutes on the west. keywords: adoption; britain; conference; congress; day; delegate; france; general; greenwich; longitude; meridian; meridian conference; point; present; president; prime meridian; question; reckoning; resolution; states; subject; system; time; united; united states; universal; vote; west; world cache: 17759.txt plain text: 17759.txt item: #12 of 55 id: 18431 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities and Habitability in the Light of the Latest Discoveries date: None words: 52818 flesch: 57 summary: _ CONTENTS CHAPTER I _INTRODUCTORY_ 1 Remarkable popular interest in questions concerning other worlds and their inhabitants--Theories of interplanetary communication--The plurality of worlds in literature--Romances of foreign planets--Scientific interest in the subject--Opposing views based on telescopic and spectroscopic revelations--Changes of opinion--Desirability of a popular presentation of the latest facts--The natural tendency to regard other planets as habitable--Some of the conditions and limitations of the problem--The solar system viewed from outer space--The resemblances and contrasts of its various planets--Three planetary groups recognized--The family character of the solar system CHAPTER II _MERCURY, A WORLD OF TWO FACES AND MANY CONTRASTS_ 18 Grotesqueness of Mercury considered as a world--Its dimensions, mass, and movements--The question of an atmosphere--Mercury's visibility from the earth--Its eccentric orbit, and rapid changes of distance from the sun--Momentous consequences of these peculiarities--A virtual fall of fourteen million miles toward the sun in six weeks--The tremendous heat poured upon Mercury and its great variations--The little planet's singular manner of rotation on its axis--Schiaparelli's astonishing discovery--A day side and a night side--Interesting effects of libration--The heavens as viewed from Mercury--Can it support life? CHAPTER III _VENUS, THE TWIN OF THE EARTH_ 46 A planet that matches ours in size--Its beauty in the sky--Remarkable circularity of its orbit--Probable absence of seasons and stable conditions of temperature and weather on Venus--Its dense and abundant atmosphere--Seeing the atmosphere of Venus from the earth--Is the real face of the planet hidden under an atmospheric veil?--Conditions of habitability--All planetary life need not be of the terrestrial type--The limit fixed by destructive temperature--Importance of air and water in the problem--Reasons why Venus may be a more agreeable abode than the earth--Splendor of our globe as seen from Venus--What astronomers on Venus might learn about the earth--A serious question raised--Does Venus, like Mercury, rotate but once in the course of a revolution about the sun?--Reasons for and against that view CHAPTER IV _MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS_ 85 Resemblances between Mars and the earth--Its seasons and its white polar caps--Peculiar surface markings--Schiaparelli's discovery of the canals--His description of their appearance and of their duplication--Influence of the seasons on the aspect of the canals--What are the canals?--Mr. Poets feel its inspiration, and novelists and romancers freely select other planets as the scenes of their stories. keywords: atmosphere; canals; course; day; density; distance; earth; fact; form; globe; gravity; half; heat; inhabitants; jupiter; life; light; mars; mercury; miles; moon; orbit; planet; point; present; rings; rotation; saturn; stars; sun; surface; system; telescope; theory; times; venus; water; world cache: 18431.txt plain text: 18431.txt item: #13 of 55 id: 19309 author: Newcomb, Simon title: The Reminiscences of an Astronomer date: None words: 109176 flesch: 64 summary: Yet, from one point of view, Shepherd made one of the most disastrous failures on record in attempting to carry out great works, while, from another point of view, he is the author of the beautiful Washington of to-day, and entitled to a public statue in recognition of his services. Like General Grant and many great men, he was a man of exceptional sagacity in matters outside the range of his daily concerns. keywords: academy; american; astronomers; astronomical; astronomy; book; case; committee; congress; country; course; day; direction; director; end; fact; find; general; good; government; henry; house; institution; instruments; interest; letter; life; line; little; making; man; matter; men; moon; national; naval; navy; new; number; object; observations; observatory; office; official; order; paper; paris; place; point; position; present; president; professor; public; question; result; school; science; scientific; secretary; study; subject; sun; system; telescope; think; thought; time; transit; view; visit; war; washington; way; work; world; years cache: 19309.txt plain text: 19309.txt item: #14 of 55 id: 19395 author: Hale, George Ellery title: The New Heavens date: None words: 16896 flesch: 58 summary: Twenty-foot Michelson interferometer for measuring star diameters, attached to upper end of the skeleton tube of the 100-inch Hooker telescope 25. The history of the method of measuring star diameters is a very curious one, showing how the most promising opportunities for scientific progress may lie unused for decades. keywords: betelgeuse; diameter; earth; feet; fig; illustration; inch; inch telescope; interferometer; light; miles; mount; new; observatory; second; stars; sun; telescope; wilson cache: 19395.txt plain text: 19395.txt item: #15 of 55 id: 2298 author: Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell) title: Great Astronomers date: None words: 92028 flesch: 59 summary: He was a diligent reader of works on history, geology, and botany, and his arduous labours were often beguiled by novels, of which, like many other great men, he was very fond. Lagrange and he advanced together in their study of the mechanics of the heavens, at one time perhaps along parallel lines, while at other times they pursued the same problem by almost identical methods. keywords: astronomer; attention; bodies; body; course; days; discovery; distance; doubt; earth; fact; father; flamsteed; galileo; halley; hamilton; heavens; herschel; john; kepler; laplace; life; light; man; means; moon; movements; nature; newton; object; observations; observatory; orbit; place; planet; point; position; professor; ptolemy; royal; science; sir; stars; study; subject; sun; system; telescope; thought; time; tycho; university; way; work; years cache: 2298.txt plain text: 2298.txt item: #16 of 55 id: 23300 author: Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony) title: Half-Hours with the Stars A Plain and Easy Guide to the Knowledge of the Constellations date: None words: 8395 flesch: 82 summary: Below the Little Bear we find _Cepheus_ low down to the east of north, and _Cassiopeia_ low down to the west of north. Coma Berenices_ is close by, and the Hunting Dogs (_Canes Venatici_) between _Coma_ and the Great Bear. keywords: bear; head; magnitude; map; night; o'clock; pole; star cache: 23300.txt plain text: 23300.txt item: #17 of 55 id: 25992 author: Brewster, David title: The Martyrs of Science, or, The lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler date: None words: 51783 flesch: 52 summary: Niccolini, however, recommended the palace of the Archbishop Piccolomoni as a more suitable residence; and though the Archbishop was one of Galileo's best friends, the Pope agreed to the arrangement, and in the beginning of July Galileo quitted Rome for Sienna. Galileo Galilei was born at Pisa, on the 15th of February, 1564, and was the eldest of a family of three sons and three daughters. keywords: account; age; astronomy; chapter; character; church; death; discoveries; discovery; duke; earth; emperor; enemies; family; florence; friend; galileo; general; having; house; inquisition; instruments; jupiter; kepler; knowledge; letter; life; long; method; mind; motion; observations; observatory; opinions; philosopher; place; planets; pope; rome; science; spots; stars; subject; sun; system; telescope; time; tycho; wife; work; years cache: 25992.txt plain text: 25992.txt item: #18 of 55 id: 26556 author: Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony) title: Myths and Marvels of Astronomy date: None words: 120196 flesch: 56 summary: Our sun, in fact, is larger than other suns in space, for from that earth starry heavens are seen, and a star larger than the rest appears, which, say those spirits, 'was declared from heaven' to be the sun of Swedenborg's earthly home. If we could be certain that in long-past ages a star-group really resembled some known object, we should have in the present resemblance of that group to the same object evidence of the general constancy of stellar lustre, or if no resemblance could be recognised we should have reason to doubt whether other suns (and therefore our own sun) may not be liable to great changes. keywords: account; appearance; astrology; astronomers; astronomy; bodies; bright; case; comet; constellations; course; day; days; diameter; discovery; distance; earth; evidence; fact; good; great; half; heavens; horizon; house; influence; jupiter; life; light; little; man; matter; men; mercury; miles; moon; motion; nature; new; observations; period; place; planet; point; pole; position; power; present; purpose; pyramid; reason; respecting; ring; round; saturn; science; sir; solar; space; spirits; star; sun; surface; system; telescope; theory; thought; time; venus; view; way; world; years cache: 26556.txt plain text: 26556.txt item: #19 of 55 id: 27378 author: Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell) title: The Story of the Heavens date: None words: 201266 flesch: 63 summary: If the sun is attracted by other stars, why do they not rush together with a frightful collision? The conclusions arrived at with regard to 61 Cygni may be applied with varying degrees of emphasis to other stars. keywords: attraction; bodies; body; case; comet; course; day; discovery; distance; doubt; earth; ellipse; eye; fact; fig; form; globe; gravitation; heat; heavens; herschel; illustration; jupiter; law; length; light; lines; little; mars; mass; mercury; miles; moon; motion; movements; object; observations; orbit; path; period; place; planet; point; pole; position; present; professor; ring; rotation; round; satellites; saturn; second; spectrum; stars; sun; surface; system; telescope; tides; time; velocity; venus; view; way; years cache: 27378.txt plain text: 27378.txt item: #20 of 55 id: 27477 author: William Gaertner and Company title: Astronomical Instruments and Accessories date: None words: 4887 flesch: 71 summary: In the following pages we have endeavored to give to our customers an idea of the line of astronomical instruments of the latest and most improved types which we have constructed for some of the leading observatories as mentioned in the text. Price #$5500.00# #Note.#--We are equipped to construct larger instruments and are glad to give prices on application. keywords: circle; clock; eye; illustration; instrument; price; screw; telescope cache: 27477.txt plain text: 27477.txt item: #21 of 55 id: 28247 author: Clerke, Agnes M. (Agnes Mary) title: A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition date: None words: 223971 flesch: 63 summary: xxxiv., p. 287) that the length of the equal day and month will be reduced to about 1,240 hours by the effects of _solar_ tidal friction.] As it gains intensity, the quicker vibrations come in, and an optical balance of sensation is established at _white_ heat. keywords: -------------+-----------+------------+-------------+------------------+ |; absorption; action; appearance; astr; astronomy; atmosphere; august; bodies; body; bright; case; catalogue; century; close; comet; cometary; comptes; corona; course; dark; days; december; direction; discovery; distance; earth; eclipse; effects; eye; fact; footnote; form; general; globe; great; half; heat; heavens; herschel; hours; huggins; ibid; iii; inch; jour; june; jupiter; kind; knowledge; later; light; lines; long; lunar; magnitude; march; mars; mass; matter; means; method; miles; month; moon; motion; movements; nach; nature; nebulæ; new; november; object; observations; observatory |; orbit; origin; parallax; period; phil; photographs; place; planet; planetary; point; position; power; present; professor; progress; prominences; rays; red; rendus; result; ring; rotation; round; royal; satellite; saturn; science; second; september; set; sir; soc; solar; southern; space; spectra; spectrum; spot; stars; subject; sun; surface; system; tail; telescope; temperature; terrestrial; theory; time; trans; venus; view; vol; way; work; years; | +; | | cache: 28247.txt plain text: 28247.txt item: #22 of 55 id: 28570 author: Dolmage, Cecil Goodrich Julius title: Astronomy of To-day: A Popular Introduction in Non-Technical Language date: None words: 103976 flesch: 72 summary: In fact, if there be any difference in measurements with regard to the moon, it will be found to be the other way round; for her disc, when carefully measured, is actually the slightest degree _greater_ As one journeys south these gradually sink towards the northern horizon, while other stars take their place, and yet others are uncovered to view from the south. keywords: 8vo; atmosphere; bodies; body; case; chapter; cloth; comet; constellation; course; crown; dark; day; direction; disc; distance; earth; eclipse; fact; great; half; illustrations; instance; jupiter; light; lunar; mars; matter; means; miles; moon; nett; new; number; object; orbit; place; planet; point; portion; position; professor; question; regard; round; royal; satellites; sir; size; sky; solar; space; stars; sun; surface; system; telescope; theory; time; total; view; way; years cache: 28570.txt plain text: 28570.txt item: #23 of 55 id: 28613 author: Lodge, Oliver, Sir title: Pioneers of Science date: None words: 112996 flesch: 68 summary: The reason why they were not all visible at first, and why their visibility so rapidly changes, is because they revolve round him almost in the plane of our vision, so that sometimes they are in front and sometimes behind him, while again at other times they plunge into his shadow and are thus eclipsed from the light of the sun which enables us to see them. Those in the plane of the ecliptic (near the zodiac) will be sometimes at right angles to the motion, but at other times will be approached or receded from; hence these will oscillate like pendulums once a year; and intermediate stars will have intermediate motions--that is to say, will describe ellipses of varying excentricity, but all completed in a year, and all with the major axis 20. keywords: astronomy; bodies; body; cause; centre; comet; course; day; direction; discovery; distance; earth; end; fact; feet; fig; force; galileo; good; gravity; half; herschel; hours; illustration; jupiter; kepler; law; laws; lecture; life; light; man; mass; matter; means; men; miles; moon; motion; near; newton; observations; orbit; place; planet; point; position; present; round; saturn; science; second; speed; stars; subject; sun; system; telescope; theory; thought; tides; time; tycho; water; way; work; world; years cache: 28613.txt plain text: 28613.txt item: #24 of 55 id: 28752 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Pleasures of the telescope An Illustrated Guide for Amateur Astronomers and a Popular Description of the Chief Wonders of the Heavens for General Readers date: None words: 53133 flesch: 69 summary: An excellent list of double stars kept up to date, will be found in the annual Companion to the Observatory, published in London. We could not have made a better beginning, for here within a space of a few square degrees we have a wonderful variety of double stars and multiple stars, so close and delicate as to test the powers of the best telescopes, besides a profusion of star-clusters and nebulæ, including one of the supreme marvels of space, the Great Nebula in the Sword. keywords: beta; blue; center; cluster; colors; companion; components; distance; double; earth; eye; glass; half; inch; light; magnitude star; magnitudes; map; mare; miles; moon; mountain; nebula; object; period; power; ring; sigma; star; sun; telescope; variable cache: 28752.txt plain text: 28752.txt item: #25 of 55 id: 28853 author: Mitton, G. E. (Geraldine Edith) title: The Children's Book of Stars date: None words: 46781 flesch: 70 summary: There is no reason to doubt that in some instances the conjecture is right, and that there may be other suns with attendant planets. Far out in space lies this island of a system, and beyond the gulfs of space are other suns, with other systems: some may be akin to ours and some quite different. keywords: air; body; comet; day; distance; earth; fact; light; little; moon; planets; round; sky; small; space; stars; sun; time; way; years; | | cache: 28853.txt plain text: 28853.txt item: #26 of 55 id: 29031 author: Holden, Edward S. (Edward Singleton) title: Sir William Herschel: His Life and Works date: None words: 49160 flesch: 71 summary: In the following account of the life and works of Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL, I have been obliged to depend strictly upon data already in print--the _Memoir_ of his sister, his own scientific writings and the memoirs and diaries of his cotemporaries. To the extraordinary merits of Mr. HERSCHEL was united considerable acquirement in the superior branches of mechanics and philosophy, and his affinity to his brother, Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL, was not less in science than in blood. keywords: account; bath; bode; brother; discovery; distance; experiments; eye; foot; heat; heavens; herschel; jahrbuch; king; life; light; little; nature; nebulæ; new; number; observations; order; phil; power; royal; satellites; sir; society; space; stars; sun; system; telescope; time; trans; way; william; william herschel; work; years cache: 29031.txt plain text: 29031.txt item: #27 of 55 id: 29281 author: King, Edward title: Remarks Concerning Stones Said to Have Fallen from the Clouds, Both in These Days, and in Antient Times date: None words: 8856 flesch: 67 summary: Having received this last winter, from Sir Charles Blagden, some very curious _manuscript_ accounts, concerning a surprising shower of stones; which is said, on the testimony of several persons, to have fallen in Tuscany, on the 16th of June, 1794;--and having also perused, with much attention, a very interesting pamphlet, written in Italian, by _Abbate Ambrose Soldani_, Professor of mathematics, in the University of Siena, containing an extraordinary and full detail of such facts as could be collected relating to this shower; the whole has appeared to me to afford such an ample field for philosophical contemplation, and also for the illustration of antient historic facts; that (leaving the whole to rest upon such testimony as the learned Professor has already collected together; and to be supported by such further corroboration, as I am informed is likely _soon_ to arrive in England,) Agram_ is written; the agreement of the different witnesses, who had no reason to accord in a lie; and the similarity of this history to that of the _Eichstedt_ stone; makes it at least very probable, that there was indeed something real, and worth notice, in the account. keywords: account; ashes; black; cloud; fall; falling; fire; hail; iron; kind; sort; stones cache: 29281.txt plain text: 29281.txt item: #28 of 55 id: 32598 author: Rogers, Julia Ellen title: Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place date: None words: 56793 flesch: 82 summary: Rocks that are made out of fragments of other rocks torn down by the agencies of erosion are called _fragmental_. Put a piece of this so-called sea moss in a glass of sea water, and in a few moments of quiet you will see, by the use of a magnifying glass, the spreading arms of the polyp thrust out of each pit. keywords: air; animals; beds; clay; coal; constellations; crust; day; earth; feet; find; forms; granite; ground; heat; ice; iron; land; layers; level; life; like; lime; limestone; little; new; north; particles; people; plants; river; rocks; sand; sea; shells; sky; soil; stars; stone; stream; substance; surface; things; time; water; way; wind; work; years; | | cache: 32598.txt plain text: 32598.txt item: #29 of 55 id: 33337 author: Turner, H. H. (Herbert Hall) title: Astronomical Discovery date: None words: 58933 flesch: 59 summary: | Sun, taking | (originally formulated | | | that of Earth | by Titius, but brought | | | as 10. | into notice by Bode). keywords: adams; airy; bradley; case; days; direction; discovery; distance; earth; following; great; greenwich; light; new; number; observations; observatory; oxford; period; place; planet; plates; point; present; professor; results; royal; search; series; sidenote; spots; star; sun; theory; time; uranus; verrier; way; work; years; | | cache: 33337.txt plain text: 33337.txt item: #30 of 55 id: 34711 author: Langdon, Ellen title: The Life of Roger Langdon, Told by himself. With additions by his daughter Ellen. date: None words: 26712 flesch: 75 summary: I was now twenty-five years of age, and, like other young men, I thought it time to begin to see about committing matrimony. The widow of the late rector of Silverton bears testimony to the virtues and many good works of this estimable couple. keywords: children; church; day; duty; earth; father; good; house; jim; judge; langdon; man; miles; miss; moon; morning; mother; nanny; people; planet; school; station; sun; sunday; thought; time; week; work; years cache: 34711.txt plain text: 34711.txt item: #31 of 55 id: 35375 author: Ashe, E. D. (Edward David) title: The proceedings of the Canadian Eclipse Party, 1869 date: None words: 9070 flesch: 69 summary: Mr. Douglas shut himself up in the dark room; I took charge of the telescope; Mr. Stanton, with a light cloth, covered and uncovered the object glass; Mr. Vail had his telescope nicely adjusted; and Mr. Falconer was seated in a very good position to observe the dark shadow crossing the country, and to note any other phenomena. The party consisted of Mr. Douglas, Mr. Falconer, and myself. keywords: appearance; dark; eclipse; light; limb; moon; photograms; prairie; sun; telescope; totality cache: 35375.txt plain text: 35375.txt item: #32 of 55 id: 35613 author: Pickering, Edward C. (Edward Charles) title: A Plan for Securing Observations of the Variable Stars date: None words: 4563 flesch: 65 summary: A catalogue of suspected variables has thus been prepared, doubtless containing many stars which are really important variables. Such stars often appear in one catalogue after another of suspected variables, and it is difficult to prevent the continued circulation of such an error. keywords: brightness; light; observations; stars; time; work cache: 35613.txt plain text: 35613.txt item: #33 of 55 id: 35744 author: Stimson, Dorothy title: The gradual acceptance of the Copernican theory of the universe date: None words: 50039 flesch: 70 summary: Copernicus_ in _Pop. The Gradual Acceptance OF THE Copernican Theory of the Universe DOROTHY STIMSON, Ph.D. NEW YORK 1917 COPYRIGHT 1917 BY DOROTHY STIMSON Trade Selling Agents The Baker & Taylor Co., 354 Fourth Ave., New York TO MY FATHER AND MOTHER [Illustration: THE SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD IN 1651 ACCORDING TO FATHER RICCIOLI (Reduced facsimile of the frontispiece in Riccioli: _Almagestum Novum_. keywords: air; arguments; astronomy; bodies; body; book; bruno; cardinal; catholic; center; century; church; contrary; copernican; day; doctrine; earth; edit; father; favaro; footnote; galileo; god; heavens; holy; ibid; iii; kepler; london; man; mathematics; motion; movement; nature; new; opinion; order; paris; philosophy; place; planets; pope; position; prowe; ptolemy; riccioli; roman; rome; scriptures; sphere; stars; sun; system; theory; things; thought; time; trans; tycho; universe; university; vol; way; work; world; years cache: 35744.txt plain text: 35744.txt item: #34 of 55 id: 35937 author: Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter) title: Are the Planets Inhabited? date: None words: 40734 flesch: 61 summary: 0·004 || 0·075 | 0·147 | | Volume, [Symbol] = 1 || 0·0002|| 0·02 | 0·06 | | Density, Water = 1 || 2·8 ? 3·39 | 4·72 | | keywords: atmosphere; canals; change; conditions; distance; earth; elements; form; heat; jupiter; life; light; lines; living; mars; mass; miles; moon; planet; point; pressure; prof; sun; surface; temperature; times; water; world; | |; | || cache: 35937.txt plain text: 35937.txt item: #35 of 55 id: 36288 author: Whewell, William title: The Plurality of Worlds date: None words: 97227 flesch: 55 summary: Some of the moral and theological views which tend to encourage and uphold this belief, may be taken under our more special consideration hereafter: but here, where we are reasoning principally upon astronomical grounds, we may conclude what we have to remark about the Fixed Stars, as the centres of inhabited systems of worlds, by saying; that it will be time enough to speculate about the inhabitants of the planets which belong to such systems, when we have ascertained that there are such planets, or one such planet. And again, the distance which lies between us and such stars, shrinks into incalculable smallness, when we journey in thought to other fixed stars. keywords: animals; bodies; condition; creation; creator; creatures; earth; evidence; existence; form; general; god; history; human; inhabitants; jupiter; kind; knowledge; law; life; light; man; matter; nature; nebulæ; parts; period; place; planets; present; purpose; reason; regard; space; stars; sun; system; time; universe; view; worlds; years cache: 36288.txt plain text: 36288.txt item: #36 of 55 id: 36470 author: Keeler, James Edward title: Photographs of Nebulæ and Clusters, Made with the Crossley Reflector date: None words: 26206 flesch: 79 summary: | | No. | 1900.0 | 1900.0 | | |----------------------------------------------------------------------| | | h m s | ° ´ | | | 185 | 0 keywords: axis; bm |; crossley; dif |; gbm |; illustration; n spiral; n |; nebula; plate; r bm; r n; r |; reflector; s |; sbm; spiral |; star; stell |; telescope; | +; | |; | °; |+15; |+41; |+42; |+55; |+56; |16; |17; |18; ° | cache: 36470.txt plain text: 36470.txt item: #37 of 55 id: 36495 author: Flammarion, Camille title: Astronomical Myths: Based on Flammarions's "History of the Heavens" date: None words: 95885 flesch: 64 summary: The result of all is that Aristotle concludes that the earth is immovable, in the centre of the universe, and that it is not a star circulating in space like other stars, and that it does not rotate upon its axis; and he completes the system by stating that the earth is spherical, which is proved by the different aspects of the heavens to a voyager to the north or to the south. Sometimes they are surrounded by laughable figures of the winds with inflated cheeks, sometimes there are drawn light children of Eolus seated on leathern bottles, rotating the liquid within; at other times, saints, angels, Adam and Eve, or other people, adorn the circumference of the map. keywords: account; ages; astronomy; bear; bodies; centre; century; chapter; circle; comet; constellations; course; date; days; earth; east; eclipses; egyptians; end; fact; fig; fire; form; great; greek; heavens; ideas; illustration; jupiter; life; light; man; men; middle; month; moon; motion; names; nature; number; ocean; origin; paradise; parts; people; phenomena; place; planets; pleiades; point; pole; position; round; sea; signs; sphere; stars; sun; system; thought; time; universe; venus; way; west; work; world; year; zodiac cache: 36495.txt plain text: 36495.txt item: #38 of 55 id: 36741 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Astronomy with an Opera-glass A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments date: None words: 48773 flesch: 68 summary: Turn your glass upon the Manger and you will see that it consists of a crowd of little stars, so small and numerous that you will probably not undertake to count them, unless you are using a large field-glass. With a good glass you will see two wonderful streams of little stars starting, one from Eta and the other from Mu, and running parallel toward the northwest; 35 M is situated between these star-streams. keywords: alpha; beta; center; cluster; color; constellation; distance; earth; eye; field; find; gamma; glass; half; head; heavens; illustration; light; look; magnitude; map; moon; mountains; nebula; observer; opera; orion; planet; pleiades; sea; sirius; sky; stars; sun; telescope; time; way cache: 36741.txt plain text: 36741.txt item: #39 of 55 id: 39070 author: Tischner, August title: The Sun changes its position in space therefore it cannot be regarded as being "in a condition of rest" date: None words: 4371 flesch: 64 summary: In the positive sense of the word, astronomy is more especially a science of _observation_, which is its _only_, but real and successful power. _ Astronomical science, at the present day insists upon the system of Copernicus, which, as is well known, is based upon the theory _of a fixed sun_, and remains convinced of the incontrovertible truth and importance of this system, even after it has become an incontestable fact, that the sun changes its position; endeavouring to explain away this discrepancy by the sophism, that the sun may be considered as _in a condition of rest_. keywords: astronomers; astronomy; copernicus; earth; motion; science; sun; system cache: 39070.txt plain text: 39070.txt item: #40 of 55 id: 39142 author: Todd, David P. (David Peck) title: Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly Bodies date: None words: 100434 flesch: 55 summary: In like fashion the rising and setting of many stars were utilized by the Egyptians, in both temple and pyramid; and no astronomer who has ever seen these ancient structures and studied their orientations can doubt that they were built by astronomers for use by astronomers of that day. Then there are the stellar parallaxes, now observed for many stars at once photographically, when formerly only one star's parallax could be measured at a time and with the eye at the telescope. keywords: = =; astronomers; astronomy; atmosphere; bodies; century; comet; corona; day; diameter; discovery; distance; earth; eclipse; eye; feet; form; great; half; heat; inch; jupiter; law; length; life; light; lines; magnitude; mars; mass; method; miles; moon; motion; nebulæ; new; newton; observations; observatory; orbit; photography; planet; present; round; second; size; sky; solar; space; spectrum; stars; sun; sun spots; surface; system; telescope; theory; time; total; type; way; work; years cache: 39142.txt plain text: 39142.txt item: #41 of 55 id: 39928 author: Wallace, Alfred Russel title: Man's Place in the Universe A Study of the Results of Scientific Research in Relation to the Unity or Plurality of Worlds, 3rd Edition date: None words: 90979 flesch: 51 summary: The greatest proper motions yet determined amount to between 7 and 8 in a year, while other stars require twenty, or even fifty or a hundred years to show an equal amount of displacement. These stars are always arranged more or less symmetrically, following the curves of the spiral, while outside the visible nebula are other stars arranged in curves strongly suggesting a former greater extension of the nebulous matter. keywords: air; astronomers; atmosphere; centre; cluster; conditions; development; distance; earth; evidence; fact; form; heat; life; light; lines; magnitude; mass; matter; miles; minute; motion; nebulæ; number; planets; point; position; present; professor; result; second; sir; solar; space; stars; sun; surface; system; temperature; times; universe; water; way; years cache: 39928.txt plain text: 39928.txt item: #42 of 55 id: 40240 author: Olmsted, Denison title: Letters on Astronomy in which the Elements of the Science are Familiarly Explained in Connection with Biographical Sketches of the Most Eminent Astronomers date: None words: 141552 flesch: 57 summary: We conclude, therefore, that the material universe is one great system; that the combination of planets with their satellites constitutes the first or lowest order of worlds; that next to these, planets are linked to suns; that these are bound to other suns, composing a still higher order in the scale of being; and finally, that all the different systems of worlds move around their common centre of gravity. This clock is so regulated as to keep exact pace with the stars, and of course with the revolution of the earth on its axis; that is, it is regulated to _sidereal_ time. keywords: astronomers; astronomy; axis; bodies; body; centre; circle; comet; course; day; days; degrees; diameter; direction; distance; earth; ecliptic; equator; eye; fact; fig; force; form; great; half; heavens; horizon; jupiter; letter; light; line; matter; meridian; miles; moon; motion; nature; new; number; orbit; parts; period; place; planets; point; pole; revolution; round; shadow; solar; sphere; stars; sun; surface; system; telescope; time; venus; view; year cache: 40240.txt plain text: 40240.txt item: #43 of 55 id: 40439 author: Grote, George title: Plato's Doctrine Respecting the Rotation of the Earth and Aristotle's Comment Upon That Doctrine date: None words: 13501 flesch: 60 summary: p. 1006 C) upon the word [Greek: i)llome/nên], we see that he puts to himself the question thus--Does Plato in the Timæus conceive the earth as kept together and stationary--or as turning round and revolving, agreeably to the subsequent theory of Aristarchus and Seleukus? Here we find that Plutarch conceives the alternative thus--Either the earth does not revolve at all, or it revolves as Aristarchus understood it. The following paper was originally intended as an explanatory note on the Platonic Timæus, in the work which I am now preparing on Plato and Aristotle. keywords: aristotle; axis; boeckh; centre; doctrine; earth; function; greek; kai\; kosmos; movement; nên; passage; plato; revolving; rotation; round; sphere; timæus cache: 40439.txt plain text: 40439.txt item: #44 of 55 id: 4065 author: Newcomb, Simon title: Side-Lights on Astronomy and Kindred Fields of Popular Science date: None words: 100254 flesch: 62 summary: All we can do is to seek for some hints by study and comparison with other stars. So far as we can yet see, each star is going straight ahead on its own journey, without regard to its neighbors, if other stars can be so called. keywords: astronomy; bodies; case; century; day; direction; distance; earth; eye; fact; force; form; glass; heavens; knowledge; life; light; line; man; men; moon; motion; nature; new; number; object; observations; observatory; planet; point; present; question; result; science; space; stars; subject; sun; surface; system; telescope; time; universe; use; view; way; work; world; years cache: 4065.txt plain text: 4065.txt item: #45 of 55 id: 41606 author: Kirkwood, Daniel title: Comets and Meteors Their phenomena in all ages; their mutual relations; and the theory of their origin. date: None words: 21001 flesch: 70 summary: Great comets appeared in the years 975, 1264, and 1556. The same fact has also been demonstrated in regard to other comets which need not here be specified. keywords: chapter; comet; distance; earth; fact; jupiter; meteors; miles; motion; november; orbit; perihelion; period; shower; stars; sun; system; time; years cache: 41606.txt plain text: 41606.txt item: #46 of 55 id: 43715 author: Kirkwood, Daniel title: Meteoric astronomy: A treatise on shooting-stars, fire-balls, and aerolites date: None words: 30566 flesch: 68 summary: +---------------------+---------+---------+----------+------------+ | | | | | IN | | | STRUVE. | keywords: 13th; aerolites; atmosphere; august; bodies; chapter; comet; distance; earth; fall; fire; matter; meteoric; meteors; miles; motion; november; number; orbit; origin; phenomena; planets; ring; shooting; solar; stars; stones; sun; surface; system; theory; years; | | cache: 43715.txt plain text: 43715.txt item: #47 of 55 id: 44167 author: Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter) title: The Royal Observatory, Greenwich: A Glance at Its History and Work date: None words: 65536 flesch: 58 summary: As Astronomer Royal he seems to have inherited and summed up all the great qualities of his predecessors: Flamsteed's methodical habits and unflagging industry; Halley's interest in the lunar theory; Bradley's devotion to star observation and catalogue making; Maskelyne's promptitude in publishing, and keen interest in practical navigation; Pond's refinement of observation. This is actually done to-day in the _Nautical Almanac_, the moon's distance from certain stars being given for every three hours of Greenwich time. keywords: airy; astronomer; astronomer royal; bradley; case; catalogue; circle; clock; day; department; earth; find; flamsteed; greenwich; greenwich observatory; greenwich time; halley; illustration; instrument; little; longitude; magnetic; man; moon; new; north; observations; observatory; observer; place; position; present; right; room; royal; royal observatory; second; set; sir; south; spots; star; sun; telescope; time; transit; use; work; years cache: 44167.txt plain text: 44167.txt item: #48 of 55 id: 44270 author: Morse, Edward Sylvester title: Mars and Its Mystery date: None words: 40417 flesch: 57 summary: Much doubt has been expressed as to the existence of the so-called canals in Mars and other surface markings of that planet in consequence of the discrepancy seen in the drawings of the more delicate features by various observers. The controversies over the interpretation of the curious markings of Mars and the wide divergence of opinion as to their nature first turned my attention to the matter. keywords: astronomers; astronomical; atmosphere; book; canals; caps; conditions; cracks; dark; drawings; earth; existence; features; life; lines; lowell; man; markings; mars; martian; miles; number; observations; observatory; observers; planet; professor; regions; schiaparelli; seeing; snow; study; sun; surface; time; water; work; worlds; years cache: 44270.txt plain text: 44270.txt item: #49 of 55 id: 45112 author: Lewis, Isabel Martin title: Astronomy for Young Folks date: None words: 65378 flesch: 64 summary: | Deneb | September | 40 N. Delphinus | Most distant | September | 15 N. | globular | | | cluster | | Draco | Alpha | August | 65 N. Eridanus | Achernar | January | 10° N. to 60° S. Gemini | Pollux | March | 25 N. Hercules | Great Cluster | July | 30 N. Hydra | | April | 20 S. Leo | Regulus | April | 15 N. Lepus | | February | 20 S. Libra | | June | 15 S. Lynx | | April | 45 N. Lyra | Vega | August | 40 N. Ophiuchus | | July | 10 S. Orion | Great Nebula | February | 0° Piscis Australis | Fomalhaut | October | 30 S. Pegasus | | November | 20 N. Perseus | Algol | January | 50 N. Pisces | | December | 5 N. Sagitta | | September | 20 N. Sagittarius | | August | 30 S. Scorpio | Antares | July | 30 S. Serpens | | July |20° N. to 15° S. Taurus | Pleiades | January | 20 N. Triangulum | | December | 35 N. Ursa Major | Mizar | May | 65 N. Ursa Minor | Polaris | | 85 N. Virgo | Spica | June | 0° =================+===============+=============+=============== FOOTNOTE: Stars | | | | stars (Milky Way). keywords: + =; = +; = =; = |; atmosphere; brightness; center; constellations; day; distance; earth; february |; form; great; heavens; hours; july |; june |; jupiter; latitude =; lies; light; magnitude star; march |; minutes |; moon; north; planet; rays; ring |; saturn =; solar; south; stars; sun; surface; system =; telescope; time; way; years; | =; | miles; | |; ° = cache: 45112.txt plain text: 45112.txt item: #50 of 55 id: 45356 author: Stirling, William title: New Theories in Astronomy date: None words: 133644 flesch: 54 summary: | Volumes at |Observations.| in | ties.| in Cubic | of |Density of Water | | miles| | Miles. |Density| in Cubic Miles. | Volumes at |Observations| in | ties.| in Cubic | of |Density of Water | | miles| | Miles. |Density| in Cubic Miles. keywords: air; attraction; case; centre; cubic; density |; diameter |; ether; force; form; from| |; gas; heat; hollow; interior; light; mars |; mass; matter; nebula; o |; planet |; pressure; ring |; saturn |; sun |; surface; system; temperature; water |; | -----+------+---------------+-------+-----------------+------------+; | -------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------+-----; | comet; | distance; | earth; | feet; | jupiter; | l; | mercury; | miles; | moon; | neptune; | orbit; | percentage; | times; | uranus; | venus; | volume; | |; | |---------------|; | |{of; |----------------| | cache: 45356.txt plain text: 45356.txt item: #51 of 55 id: 48218 author: Maunder, E. Walter (Edward Walter) title: The Science of the Stars date: None words: 26193 flesch: 71 summary: He also perceived that Venus showed +phases+--that is to say, she changed her apparent shape just as the Moon does--and he found the Milky Way to be composed of an immense number of small stars. It is on this belt of small stars--on the Milky Way--that New Stars are most apt to break out. keywords: astronomy; bodies; changes; circle; day; distance; earth; force; jupiter; light; m.a; mars; miles; moon; motion; place; planet; round; spots; stars; sun; surface; system; telescope; time; year cache: 48218.txt plain text: 48218.txt item: #52 of 55 id: 55387 author: Carpenter, William title: One Hundred Proofs That the Earth Is Not a Globe date: None words: 21894 flesch: 73 summary: This is ocular demonstration and proof that Earth is not a globe. Sir: I have sent you two copies of my 'One Hundred Proofs that the Earth is Not a Globe,' and, as several weeks have since elapsed and I have not heard from you, I write to inform you that if you have any remarks to make concerning that publication, and will let me have them in the course of a week or ten days, I will print them--if you say what you may wish to say in about five or six hundred words--in the second edition of the pamphlet, which will very soon be called for. keywords: astronomers; earth; fact; globe; level; line; man; miles; north; proctor; proof; round; sun; surface; theory; thing; water cache: 55387.txt plain text: 55387.txt item: #53 of 55 id: 56302 author: Heysinger, Isaac W. (Isaac Winter) title: The Source and Mode of Solar Energy Throughout the Universe date: None words: 86291 flesch: 48 summary: The individual dies, but the forces which gave life and strength to the race persist, and others will take his place, and the same forces will continue to operate with constant renewals, since we draw our light and heat and life from without; but in the death of suns and their attendant planets there is no analogous process, for such suns are constantly expending their enormous energies in the support of life external to themselves, and only the smallest part of this energy, even, can ever be utilized by themselves or by other suns or planets under any mode of interpretation now in vogue, the boundless realms of so-called inert and empty space receiving the same proportionate quota of light and heat as the almost microscopic points in the sky which constitute the suns and systems we see, and practically all, or nearly all, of this enormous energy is an absolute dead waste; so that whether receiving new supplies from a constant rain of adjacent meteor streams, or from the gradual contraction of the solar volume, the vast realms of space are the useless recipients of what can never return to the sun again, and, of course, in such case the inevitable end can be predicted; for contraction of volume, with a given mass, must have an effective limit, and meteoric aggregation must also find an effective limit, if the planets are not to be thrown out of place as they continue to revolve around the sun. Electrical polarities of sun and planets 82 Fig. 12. keywords: action; atmosphere; bodies; body; case; comet; currents; earth; electricity; energy; fact; force; form; gaseous; gases; gravity; heat; hydrogen; life; light; lines; mass; matter; miles; moon; nature; nebulæ; oxygen; phenomena; planetary; planets; present; professor; repulsion; solar; space; spectrum; stars; sun; surface; system; temperature; time; vapors; water; work; years cache: 56302.txt plain text: 56302.txt item: #54 of 55 id: 58810 author: Rolfe, W. J. (William James) title: The Heavens Above: A Popular Handbook of Astronomy date: None words: 83826 flesch: 74 summary: 1 and 2 indicate a rapid motion of hydrogen away from us, or a _down-rush_ at the sun; 3 and 4 (in which the line at the centre is dark on one side, and bent towards the red end of the spectrum, and bright on the other side with a distortion towards the violet end of the spectrum) indicate a _down-rush_ of _cool_ hydrogen side by side with an _up-rush_ of _hot and bright_ hydrogen; 5 indicates local _down-rushes_ associated with _quiescent_ hydrogen. The point _O_, half way between _F_ and _F'_, is called the _centre_ of the ellipse; _AA'_ is the _major axis_ of the ellipse, and _CD_ is keywords: atmosphere; axis; body; bright; centre; circle; comet; day; direction; distance; earth; ecliptic; equator; fig; form; half; heavens; horizon; illustration; light; lines; miles; moon; motion; orbit; planet; point; shows; solar; spectrum; stars; sun; surface; telescope; time; years cache: 58810.txt plain text: 58810.txt item: #55 of 55 id: 6630 author: Serviss, Garrett Putman title: Curiosities of the Sky date: None words: 53805 flesch: 56 summary: There are many other stars scattered over its expanse which manifestly owe their origin to the same source. Prof. William H. Pickering has recently correlated this with an ancient chronicle which states that at Cairo, Egypt, in the year 1029, ``many stars passed with a great noise.' keywords: appearance; atmosphere; bodies; body; clouds; comet; course; crater; distance; earth; fact; form; hypothesis; life; light; lines; mars; mass; meteors; miles; moon; motion; nebulæ; new; phenomena; planet; second; sky; space; spiral; stars; sun; surface; system; theory; time; universe; way; world; years cache: 6630.txt plain text: 6630.txt