item: #1 of 63 id: 10773 author: Willson, Thomas Edgar title: Ancient and Modern Physics date: None words: 22488 flesch: 69 summary: We live on the manasic--pranic--etheric globe on precisely the same terms that we live on this of prakriti, and the problems of the three are equally open to us. Each physical atom is the centre of an etheric molecule composed of many etheric atoms vibrating at a greater or lesser speed and interpenetrating the atom. keywords: atom; earth; ether; etheric; globe; manasic; matter; physical; physics; prakritic; prana; solar; sun; universe; vibration; world cache: 10773.txt plain text: 10773.txt item: #2 of 63 id: 11335 author: Lorentz, H. A. (Hendrik Antoon) title: The Einstein Theory of Relativity: A Concise Statement date: None words: 6859 flesch: 51 summary: It is a case of an advance arrived at by pure theory: the whole effect of Einstein's work is to make physics more philosophical (in a good sense), and to restore some of that intellectual unity which belonged to the great scientific systems of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but which was lost through increasing specialization and the overwhelming mass of detailed knowledge. Dr. Einstein propounded his theory nearly fifteen years ago. keywords: einstein; ether; gravitation; light; motion; relativity; sun; theory cache: 11335.txt plain text: 11335.txt item: #3 of 63 id: 1225 author: Tyndall, John title: Faraday as a Discoverer date: None words: 39679 flesch: 60 summary: Believing, as I do, in the general truth of the doctrine of hereditary transmission--sharing the opinion of Mr. Carlyle, that 'a really able man never proceeded from entirely stupid parents'--I once used the privilege of my intimacy with Mr. Faraday to ask him whether his parents showed any signs of unusual ability. Twelve or thirteen years ago Mr. Faraday and myself quitted the Institution one evening together, to pay a visit to our friend Grove in Baker Street. keywords: action; attraction; case; chapter; character; chemical; current; diamagnetic; earth; electricity; experiments; faraday; force; glass; heat; letter; light; lines; magnetic; magnetism; mind; motion; paper; power; researches; royal; society; theory; time; water; wire; years cache: 1225.txt plain text: 1225.txt item: #4 of 63 id: 13476 author: Tesla, Nikola title: Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency A Lecture Delivered before the Institution of Electrical Engineers, London date: None words: 39519 flesch: 58 summary: However, with incomparably higher frequencies, which we may yet find means to produce efficiently, and provided that electric impulses of such high frequencies could be transmitted through a conductor, the electrical characteristics of the brush discharge would completely vanish--no spark would pass, no shock would be felt--yet we would still have to deal with an _electric_ phenomenon, but in the broad, modern interpretation of the word. But on the whole I find it preferable when using such high frequencies to employ only one electrode and one connecting wire. keywords: air; body; bulb; case; coil; conducting; currents; discharge; electrode; energy; experiments; fig; frequencies; frequency; gas; glass; great; light; potential; primary; time; tube; wire cache: 13476.txt plain text: 13476.txt item: #5 of 63 id: 14000 author: Tyndall, John title: Six Lectures on Light Delivered In The United States In 1872-1873 date: None words: 65402 flesch: 62 summary: Optical reflection certainly occurred _as if_ light consisted of such particles, and this was Newton's justification for introducing them. Rings of feeble intensity are also formed by _transmitted_ light. keywords: air; bands; beam; blue; case; colours; crystals; dark; direction; discovery; experiment; eye; fig; film; glass; green; heat; illustration; image; light; motion; newton; particles; phenomena; plate; point; polarization; prism; rays; red; refraction; science; spar; spectrum; sun; surface; theory; time; violet; water; waves; white cache: 14000.txt plain text: 14000.txt item: #6 of 63 id: 14504 author: Boyle, Robert title: Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours (1664) date: None words: 97341 flesch: 55 summary: For not remembring at present many of those other Trials, long since made to satisfie my self about Particulars, and not having now the Opportunity to repeat them, I must content my Self to have given you the Hint, and the ways of prosecuting the search your Self; and only declare to you in general, that, As I have made many Trials, unmention'd in this Treatise, whose Events were agreeable to those mention'd in the twenty fifth Experiment, so (to name now no other Instances) what I have try'd with Acid and Sulphureous Salts upon the Pulp of Juniper Berries, rubb'd upon White Paper, inclines me to think, That among that vast Multitude, and strange Variety of Plants that adorn the face of the Earth, perhaps many other Vegetables may be found, on which such _Menstruums_ may not have such Operations, as upon the Juice of Violets, Pease-blossoms, & We have sometimes had the Curiosity to try what Colours Minerals, as Tinglass, Antimony, Spelter, &c. would yield in several _Menstruums_, nor have we forborn to try the Colours of stones, of which that famous one, (which _Helmont_ calls _Paracelsus's Ludus_) though it be digg'd out of the Earth and seem a true stone, has afforded in _Menstruums_ capable to dissolve so solid a stone, sometimes a Yellowish, sometimes a Red solution of both which I can show you. keywords: account; acid; appear; appear'd; aqua; beams; black; blackness; blew; bodies; body; change; chymists; colour; colour'd; corpuscles; divers; experiment; eye; fire; glass; good; green; kind; light; liquor; look'd; making; matter; mention'd; mixture; nature; notice; observ'd; occasion; oyl; paper; particles; parts; piece; place; present; produc'd; pyrophilus; reason; red; remember; saline; salts; self; silver; small; solution; spirit; stone; sun; texture; things; time; tincture; tis; use; vitriol; water; way; white; whiteness; yellow cache: 14504.txt plain text: 14504.txt item: #7 of 63 id: 14725 author: Huygens, Christiaan title: Treatise on Light In which are explained the causes of that which occurs in reflexion, & in refraction and particularly in the strange refraction of Iceland crystal date: None words: 38286 flesch: 57 summary: Let it be proposed to find the surface generated by the revolution of the curve KDE, which, receiving the incident rays coming to it from the point A, shall deviate them toward the point B. Then considering this other curve as already known, and that its apex D is in the straight line AB, let us divide it up into an infinitude of small pieces by the points G, C, F; and having drawn from each of these points, straight lines towards A to represent the incident rays, and other straight lines towards B, let there also be described with centre Let us assume that it may have come by other lines, and, in the first place, along AF, FC, so that the point of refraction F may be further from B than the point A; and let AO be a line perpendicular to AB, and FO parallel to AB; keywords: air; angle; bodies; crystal; degrees; diameter; illustration; light; line; matter; minutes; movement; parallel; particles; perpendicular; plane; point; ray; rays; refraction; surface; time; wave cache: 14725.txt plain text: 14725.txt item: #8 of 63 id: 14986 author: Faraday, Michael title: Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1 date: None words: 230342 flesch: 61 summary: A drop of _water_ placed at _a_ instead of the fused chlorides, showed as in the former case (970.), that it could conduct a current unable to decompose it, for decomposition of the solution of iodide at _b_ occurred after some time. _induction by_ other currents, 6, 1089. keywords: acid; action; air; apparatus; ball; battery; bodies; cases; chemical; condition; conductor; contact; copper; current; decomposition; direction; discharge; effect; electrical; electricity; electro; experiments; force; form; galvanometer; gas; hydrogen; inch; induction; inductive; intensity; magnetic; metal; needle; negative; oxygen; particles; place; plates; platina; point; pole; positive; power; quantity; relation; results; solution; spark; state; surface; time; voltaic; water; wire; zinc cache: 14986.txt plain text: 14986.txt item: #9 of 63 id: 15207 author: Poincaré, Lucien title: The New Physics and Its Evolution date: None words: 77928 flesch: 48 summary: ] I must here leave out the description of a crowd of other experiments. The verifications of it can even be quantitative, and we can foresee numerical relations between conductivity and other phenomena. keywords: bodies; body; case; conditions; electric; energy; ether; experiments; fact; gas; gases; general; heat; hypothesis; idea; ions; laws; light; liquid; mass; matter; molecules; nature; new; number; order; phenomena; physicists; physics; point; pressure; principle; professor; properties; rays; researches; results; solution; state; system; temperature; theory; time; value; way; work cache: 15207.txt plain text: 15207.txt item: #10 of 63 id: 18534 author: Birt, William Radcliff title: The Hurricane Guide Being an Attempt to Connect the Rotary Gale or Revolving Storm with Atmospheric Waves. date: None words: 18049 flesch: 53 summary: for capacity - ·017 |Capacity 1/42 | | for altitude above | | | water-line + ·004 | +---------------------------------------| | | 29·424 | | |Corr. keywords: + |; ---------------------------------------| |; 061 |; barometer; e |; p |; s. |; | +; | -|; | inch; | m; | t; | |; | |corr; | ° cache: 18534.txt plain text: 18534.txt item: #11 of 63 id: 22156 author: Rolt-Wheeler, Francis title: The Boy with the U. S. Weather Men date: None words: 71584 flesch: 85 summary: Before and After the Hurricane 286 Shot from the Gun of a Hurricane 296 Scale of Winds, Illustrated by Clipper Ships 304 Branch Lightning and Multiple Flash 314 Eiffel Tower Struck by Lightning 320 Lightning Flash Striking Building 320 Mules Carried in the Air Three Miles from Their Stable 328 Grand Piano Picked Up by a Tornado and Dropped in a 328 Cow-Pasture THE BOY WITH THE U. S. WEATHER MEN CHAPTER I ADRIFT ON THE FLOODED RIVER What is it, Rex, old boy? Where are you going, old boy? again queried Ross. keywords: air; anton; boat; boys; bureau; clouds; cold; dan'l; day; feet; forecaster; fred; good; ground; half; hand; head; high; house; hurricane; illustration; kite; lad; league; levin; lightning; line; look; man; miles; mississippi; new; rain; right; river; ross; sir; sky; snow; storm; sun; thought; time; tom; water; way; weather; weather bureau; wind; work cache: 22156.txt plain text: 22156.txt item: #12 of 63 id: 22472 author: Fort, Charles title: The Book of the Damned date: None words: 111638 flesch: 67 summary: So, authoritatively, falling stones were damned. Falling stones had to be undamned--though still with a reservation that held out for exclusion of outside forces. keywords: acceptance; account; air; american; april; astronomers; attempt; black; bodies; body; course; damned; dark; data; datum; day; earth; england; existence; explanation; expression; fall; falling; find; fishes; france; good; ground; hailstones; half; ice; instance; july; june; light; lightning; little; london; long; look; march; matter; meteorites; miles; monthly; moon; nature; new; notion; object; observations; phenomena; place; prof; quasi; rain; real; red; report; review; saw; science; scientific; sea; size; sky; state; stone; subject; substance; sun; super; surface; system; things; time; water; way; weather; whirlwind; world cache: 22472.txt plain text: 22472.txt item: #13 of 63 id: 27125 author: Worthington, A. M. (Arthur Mason) title: The Splash of a Drop date: None words: 9863 flesch: 80 summary: If the drying and polishing be not so perfect, the configurations of Series VII. are produced; while if the sphere be roughened with sandpaper, or _left wet_, Series VIII. _ PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE GENERAL LITERATURE COMMITTEE. keywords: 8vo; boards; cloth; drop; fig; illustration; late; liquid; map; rev; sec; series; splash; surface cache: 27125.txt plain text: 27125.txt item: #14 of 63 id: 277 author: National Atomic Museum (U.S.) title: Trinity Site date: None words: 4684 flesch: 73 summary: The Trinity test took place on the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, about 230 miles south of the Manhattan Project's headquarters at Los Alamos, New Mexico. After assembly, the plutonium core was transported to Trinity Site to be inserted into the thing or gadget as the atomic device was called. keywords: alamos; atomic; bomb; house; jumbo; los; mexico; museum; new; project; site; test; trinity cache: 277.txt plain text: 277.txt item: #15 of 63 id: 278 author: White Sands Missile Range (N.M.). Public Affairs Office title: Trinity Site: 1945-1995. A National Historic Landmark, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico date: None words: 4663 flesch: 74 summary: At first Trinity Site was encircled with a fence and radiation warning signs were posted. Trinity Site National Historic Landmark Trinity Site is where the first atomic bomb was tested at 5:29:45 a.m. Mountain War Time on July 16, 1945. keywords: atomic; bomb; explosion; ground; house; missile; plutonium; range; site; test; trinity; trinity site cache: 278.txt plain text: 278.txt item: #16 of 63 id: 279 author: None title: Photos and Maps of Trinity (Atomic Test) Site date: None words: 103 flesch: 65 summary: Base camp for Trinity site workers. blast.gif -- Trinity test blast at 10 seconds. tr_map1.gif -- Map of roads to Trinity Site and visitors' site map. keywords: site cache: 279.txt plain text: 279.txt item: #17 of 63 id: 28335 author: St. John, Thomas M. (Thomas Matthew) title: How Two Boys Made Their Own Electrical Apparatus Containing Complete Directions for Making All Kinds of Simple Apparatus for the Study of Elementary Electricity date: None words: 5925 flesch: 69 summary: [Illustration: No. 2201] These motors and motor outfits have been highly praised by electrical experts and educators as being invaluable to students. Many Other Experiments. keywords: batteries; book; electric; electricity; experiments; fun; motor; outfit; price; set; work cache: 28335.txt plain text: 28335.txt item: #18 of 63 id: 29444 author: Dolbear, A. E. (Amos Emerson) title: The Machinery of the Universe: Mechanical Conceptions of Physical Phenomena date: None words: 27016 flesch: 65 summary: Such energy as was active in forming atoms must be called by another name than what is appropriate for such transformations as occur when, for instance, the mechanical energy of a bullet is transformed into heat when the target is struck. But the ether waves can heat other matter they may fall on; so there are three steps in the process and two transformations--(1) vibrating matter; (2) waves in the ether; (3) vibration in other matter. keywords: action; air; atoms; body; direction; energy; ether; field; form; heat; kind; light; magnet; matter; molecules; motion; phenomena; second; waves; way cache: 29444.txt plain text: 29444.txt item: #19 of 63 id: 31999 author: King, W. James (William James) title: The Natural Philosophy of William Gilbert and His Predecessors date: None words: 14070 flesch: 65 summary: Thus A. Koyré considers the Archimedeanization of space as one of the necessary features of the development of modern astronomy and physics.[2] A. N. Whitehead and E. Cassirer have turned to measurement and the quantification of force as marking this transition.[3] However, the obvious absence[4] of such techniques in _De magnete_ makes it difficult to consider Gilbert as a founder of modern electricity and magnetism in this sense. The possibility is present that Norman's work was a direct stimulus to Gilbert, for Wright's introduction to _De magnete_ stated that Gilbert started his study of magnetism the year following the publication of Norman's book. keywords: attraction; bodies; body; cause; cit; coition; earth; electric; est; explanation; footnote; form; gilbert; iron; loadstone; magnetic; motion; nature; new; non; philosophy; place; powers; properties; quae; qualities; quod; thomas; vol cache: 31999.txt plain text: 31999.txt item: #20 of 63 id: 32307 author: Venable, F. P. (Francis Preston) title: A Brief Account of Radio-activity date: None words: 12802 flesch: 60 summary: CONTENTS CHAPTER I DISCOVERY OF RADIO-ACTIVITY PAGE The beginning--Radio-active bodies--An atomic property--Discovery of new radio-active bodies--Discovery of Polonium--Discovery of Radium--Other radio-active bodies found 1 CHAPTER II PROPERTIES OF THE RADIATIONS Ionization of Gases--Experimental confirmation--Application of electric field--Size and nature of ions--Photographing the track of the ray--Action of radiations on photographic plates--Discharge of electrified bodies--Scintillations on phosphorescent bodies--Penetrating power--Magnetic deflection--Three types of rays--Alpha rays--Beta rays--Gamma rays--Measurement of radiations--Identifications of the rays 7 CHAPTER III CHANGES IN RADIO-ACTIVE BODIES Radio-activity a permanent property--Induced activity--Discovery of Uranium X--Conclusions drawn--Search for new radio-active bodies--Methods of investigation--Nature of the radiations--Life-periods--Equilibrium series 17 CHAPTER IV NATURE OF THE ALPHA PARTICLE Disintegrating of the elements--Identification of the rays--The alpha rays--Alpha rays consist of solid particles--Electrical charge--Helium formed from alpha particles--Discovery of Helium--Characteristics of Helium--Table of constants 25 CHAPTER V THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM Properties of Radium--Energy evolved by radium--Necessity for a disintegration theory--Disintegration theory--Constitution of the atom--Rutherford's atom--Scattering of alpha particles--Stopping power of substances 32 CHAPTER VI RADIO-ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL THEORY Influence upon chemical theory--The periodic system--Basis of the periodic system--Influence of positive nucleus--Determination of the atomic number--Use of X-ray spectra--Changes caused by ray-emission--Atomic weight losses--Lead the end product--Changes of position in the periodic system--Changes from loss of beta particles--Isotopes--Radio-activity in nature--Radio-active products in the earth's crust--Presence in air and soil waters--Cosmical radio-activity 41 INDEX 53 A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF RADIO-ACTIVITY CHAPTER I DISCOVERY OF RADIO-ACTIVITY The object of this brief treatise is to give a simple account of the development of our knowledge of radio-activity and its bearing on chemical and physical science. Sometimes alpha particles alone are expelled, sometimes beta, or two of them together, as alpha and beta. keywords: activity; alpha; alpha rays; atom; elements; number; particles; radio; radium; rays; thorium; uranium; weight cache: 32307.txt plain text: 32307.txt item: #21 of 63 id: 33370 author: Boys, C. V. (Charles Vernon) title: Soap-Bubbles and the Forces Which Mould Them date: None words: 30028 flesch: 76 summary: He has also shown that free water drops vibrate at a rate which may be found as follows. Perhaps the easiest way is to tie a thread across a ring rather loosely, and then to dip the ring into soap water. keywords: air; bubble; cylinder; drops; fig; glass; illustration; liquid; pipe; pressure; ring; skin; soap; tube; water cache: 33370.txt plain text: 33370.txt item: #22 of 63 id: 33397 author: Lawrence Radiation Laboratory title: LRL Accelerators, The 184-Inch Synchrocyclotron date: None words: 4766 flesch: 64 summary: I ============================================================= Comparison of external-beam energy and current for a synchrocyclotron and a conventional cyclotron ------------------------------------------------------------- 184-Inch Synchrocyclotron ------------------------- Protons Deuterons Alpha particles ------- --------- --------------- Beam energy -- maximum (Mev) 730 460 910 Beam intensity -- peak current ([mu]a)[6] 120 120 40 Beam intensity -- average current ([mu]a) 0.75 0.75 0.25 60-Inch Cyclotron ----------------- Beam energy -- maximum (Mev) 12 24 48 Beam intensity -- peak current ([mu]a) 100 150 100 Beam intensity -- average current ([mu]a) 70 80 60 ------------------------------------------------------------- [6] [mu]a = microampere ============================================================= [Illustration: Fig. 7. Plan view of the cyclotron, showing the method for obtaining an external beam of protons, deuterons, or alpha particles. By that time a new principle had been discovered which made it possible to obtain ion beams of much higher energy than originally hoped for. keywords: = =; beam; cyclotron; dee; energy; fig; frequency; ion; particles; protons cache: 33397.txt plain text: 33397.txt item: #23 of 63 id: 33429 author: Butler, T. B. (Thomas Belden) title: The Philosophy of the Weather. And a Guide to Its Changes date: None words: 117432 flesch: 66 summary: v. | 29·99| 69 | | 13 | | N. N. by W.| |b. | N. W. by N.| 7 |m. keywords: action; air; atmosphere; belt; character; clouds; cold; condensation; counter; currents; day; dry; e. trade; e. |; earth; europe |; heat; influence; line; magnetic; n. e.; n. n.; n. w.; new; north; northern; ocean; portion; rain; s. e.; s. s.; s. w.; showers; snow; southern; storm; stratus; summer; sun; surface; temperature; theory; time; trade; w. wind; w. |; weather; western; wind; winter; yrs.| |; | a.m.; | calm; | course; | east; | fort; | mean; | n.; | p.m.; | s.; | south; | west; | | cache: 33429.txt plain text: 33429.txt item: #24 of 63 id: 33504 author: Newton, Isaac title: Opticks Or, A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light date: None words: 101626 flesch: 61 summary: _Scarlets_, and other _reds_, _oranges_, and _yellows_, if they be pure and intense, are most probably of the second order. Part_ I. _ keywords: air; angle; blue; bodies; body; colours; distance; eye; fig; glass; glasses; green; hole; image; inch; incidence; lens; light; paper; parts; prism; proportion; rays; red; reflexion; refraction; refrangible; rings; second; sides; sun; violet; water; white; yellow; | | cache: 33504.txt plain text: 33504.txt item: #25 of 63 id: 33810 author: None title: On the magnet, magnetick bodies also, and on the great magnet the earth a new physiology, demonstrated by many arguments & experiments date: None words: 142756 flesch: 70 summary: _integtum_ appears to be a misprint for _integrum_, which is the reading of editions 1628 and 1633. lxxii., mentions the use of _lapis specularis_ for windows. keywords: account; air; amber; arc; attraction; attracts; axis; bodies; body; book; boreal; cap; cause; centre; change; chap; chapter; circle; coition; compass; contrary; course; cusp; declination; degrees; diamond; direction; distance; distant; diurnal; draws; earth; east; edition; effluvia; end; ends; english; error; est; experiments; fire; following; follows; force; form; gilbert; glass; globe; gold; good; greek; hand; hath; heat; hold; horizon; humour; illustration; instrument; iron; iron bodies; iron globe; iron iron; iron mines; iron ore; iron wire; joannes; kind; land; latitude; length; light; line; loadstone; london; long; magnes; magnete; magnetick; magnetick iron; magnetick needle; manner; mariners; mass; material; matter; means; meridian; metals; middle; mobile; moon; motion; moves; natural; nature; near; needle; new; non; north; northern; observations; orbe; order; page; parallel; parts; passage; philosophy; piece; place; pliny; point; pole; porta; position; power; primary; primum; properties; proportion; qui; read; reason; regions; remains; rest; revolution; rod; rotation; round; sea; set; shape; sir; south; southern; space; sphere; stars; steel; stones; strength; substance; sun; surface; terrella; things; time; turn; turning; united; universe; variation; versorium; verticity; vigour; virtue; water; way; weight; west; word; work; years; æquator; æquinoctial cache: 33810.txt plain text: 33810.txt item: #26 of 63 id: 34221 author: Gray, Elisha title: Electricity and Magnetism date: None words: 54420 flesch: 66 summary: Notwithstanding its universal use it is not free from serious difficulties in transmission unless it is repeated back to the sender for correction; and then in some cases it is impossible to be sure, owing to difficulties of punctuation and capitalizing, and the further difficulty of running the signals together, caused, it may be, by faulty transmission, induced currents from other wires, swinging crosses or atmospheric electricity. In the early days of telephony great difficulty was experienced in using a single wire grounded at each end in the ordinary way, if it ran near other wires that were in active use. keywords: air; battery; chapter; circuit; current; distance; earth; electricity; end; energy; ether; force; form; heat; iron; light; line; magnet; magnetic; man; message; morse; needle; point; power; resistance; system; telegraph; telephone; time; transmission; use; water; way; wire; work; years cache: 34221.txt plain text: 34221.txt item: #27 of 63 id: 36252 author: Rotch, Abbott Lawrence title: Sounding the Ocean of Air Being Six Lectures Delivered Before the Lowell Institute of Boston, in December 1898 date: None words: 35048 flesch: 53 summary: Society for Promotion of Aërial Navigation, 86, 93, 106 Glaisher (J.), balloon ascents, 75 _et seq._, 93 Green (C.), aeronaut for Welsh, 74 Grimaldi (F. M.), first measured clouds trigonometrically, 52 Guericke (O. von), experiment of Magdeburg hemispheres, 16 H Hagström (K.), measured clouds, 53 Halley (E.), measured heights by barometer, 17 Hann (J.), 36, 173 Han Sin, employed kites in warfare, 117 Hargrave (L.), invented cellular kite, 129 Harrington (M. W.), advocated exploring air with kites, 125 Harvard College Observatory, 35, 48 Hazen (H. A.), highest balloon ascent in America, 85 Height of balloon, Cailletet's apparatus for obtaining, 113 Heights of kite-flights at Blue Hill, 21, 140 ---- how measured by barometer, 17, 101 Heim (A.), voyage across the Alps, 92 Hellmann (G.), historical researches, 12 Helmholtz (H. von), wave-cloud, 40 Hergesell (H.), President of Aeronautical Committee, 108 Hermite (G.), 98, 99, 101 Hildebrandsson (H. H.), 42, 65 Hodgkins' Fund of Smithsonian Institution, grant from, 131 Howard (L.), cloud nomenclature, 41 Humboldt (A. von), 18, 20, 35 Humidity, changes with altitudes, 34, 71, 73, 77, 151, 169, 171 ---- diurnal changes at different altitudes, 153 ---- types of change with altitudes, 159 _et seq._ Hutton (J.), cause of precipitation, 38 Hygrometer, invention of, 13 J Jeffries (J.), first scientific balloon ascent, 69 ---- first to cross the English Channel, 71 Jourdanet (D.), hypothesis of descent of man, 24 Jovis, balloon ascent, 84 Jupiter, analogy between cloudiness on earth and on, 51 K Kepler (J.), height of atmosphere, 12 Kew Observatory, 53, 74, 122 Köppen (W.), cloud atlas, 43 Kirwan (R.), temperature at different latitudes, 18 Kite, antiquity of the, 117 ---- Eddy or Malay, 124, 129 ---- flights at Blue Hill, 21, 137, 140, 142 ---- Hargrave, 129, 132 ---- (Grand Duke), distributed meteorological instruments, 17 Fergusson (S. P.), 35, 53, 126, 128, 131, 136 Ferrel (W.), theory of cyclones, 173 Flammarion (C.), balloon ascents, 81 Flying machines, future, 59, 174 Fonvielle (W. de), 81, 108 Förster (W.), hypothesis of _Himmelsluft_, 28 Forecasting by kites, 143, 147 Franklin (B.), experiment with kites, 121, 123 Franklin Kite Club, 121 G Galileo (G.), 14, 15 Gay-Lussac (J. L.), balloon ascent, 20, 73 German Emperor (William II.), patron of aeronautics, 86 ---- keywords: air; altitude; ascent; atmosphere; balloon; blue; blue hill; clouds; day; earth; feet; fig; ground; height; hill; humidity; instruments; kites; meteorological; metres; miles; observations; plate; pressure; temperature; thermometer; time; velocity; weather; wind cache: 36252.txt plain text: 36252.txt item: #28 of 63 id: 36344 author: Talman, Charles Fitzhugh title: The Mentor: The Weather Serial Number 110; 1 July, 1916 date: None words: 9999 flesch: 64 summary: Changeableness is the salient feature of weather, and to understand weather changes one must know something about barometric pressure. [Illustration: Chickamauga Park, Tenn., in an Ice Storm] THE WEATHER By CHARLES FITZHUGH TALMAN _Librarian of the U. S. Weather Bureau_ THE MENTOR · DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE · keywords: air; american; author; books; bureau; cloud; earth; illustration; instruments; level; mentor; meteorological; new; pressure; sea; snow; states; temperature; weather; weather bureau; year cache: 36344.txt plain text: 36344.txt item: #29 of 63 id: 36456 author: Gibson, Charles R. (Charles Robert) title: The Autobiography of an Electron Wherein the Scientific Ideas of the Present Time Are Explained in an Interesting and Novel Fashion date: None words: 26165 flesch: 72 summary: How it is other electrons that enable man to read the messages. He maintained that he had jumped all the way from a cloud to the earth, along with a crowd of other electrons. keywords: atoms; chapter; earth; electric; electricity; electrons; iron; light; man; matter; rays; time; waves; way; wire; æther; æther waves cache: 36456.txt plain text: 36456.txt item: #30 of 63 id: 36457 author: Zambra, Joseph title: A Treatise on Meteorological Instruments Explanatory of Their Scientific Principles, Method of Construction, and Practical Utility date: None words: 70663 flesch: 64 summary: | | 28 | ·992 || 53 | 1·043 || 78 | 1·094 | | 29 | ·994 || 54 | 1·045 || 79 | 1·096 | | 30 | ·996 || 55 | 1·047 || 80 | 1·098 | | 31 keywords: = =; air; barometer; barometer tube; boiling; brass; bulb; cistern; column; cylinder; ditto; end; fall; fig; glass; glass tube; heat; height; illustration; inches; index; instrument; mercury; n. |; negretti; observations; point; pressure; rain; scale; sea; surface; table; temperature; thermometer; time; tube; use; w. |; water; weather; wind; zambra; | +; | |; ° | cache: 36457.txt plain text: 36457.txt item: #31 of 63 id: 36691 author: Marcet, Mrs. (Jane Haldimand) title: Conversations on Natural Philosophy, in which the Elements of that Science are Familiarly Explained date: None words: 107278 flesch: 79 summary: _Mrs. B._ Bodies thus projected, you observe, describe a curve-line in their descent; can you account for that? But is the air a body of the same nature as other bodies? _ keywords: air; attraction; bodies; body; caroline; centre; direction; distance; earth; emily; eye; fall; fig; force; gravity; image; light; moon; motion; mrs; object; particles; parts; plate; point; power; rays; round; sun; surface; time; velocity; water; weight cache: 36691.txt plain text: 36691.txt item: #32 of 63 id: 37729 author: Galilei, Galileo title: A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water. date: None words: 40123 flesch: 52 summary: If a Solid, Cylinder, or Prisme, lesse grave specifically than the Water, being put into a Vessel, as above, of whatsoever greatnesse, and the Water, be afterwards infused, the Solid shall rest in the bottom, unraised, till the Water arrive to that part of the Altitude, of the said Prisme, to which its whole Altitude hath the same proportion, that the Specificall Gravity of the Water, hath to the Specificall Gravity of the said Solid: but infusing more Water, the Solid shall ascend. [Illustration] Let the Solid I S be superior in Gravity to the water, and of such thickness, that the Altitude of the Rampart A I, be in proportion to the thickness of the Solid I O, as the excess of the Gravity of the said Solid I S, above the Gravity of a Mass of water equall to the Mass I S, is to the Gravity of the Mass of water equall to the Mass keywords: absolute; air; aristotle; board; bodies; cause; cone; figure; grave; gravity; hath; mass; matter; motion; proportion; resistance; shall; solid; water; water c; water equall cache: 37729.txt plain text: 37729.txt item: #33 of 63 id: 37855 author: Visher, Stephen Sargent title: Climatic Changes: Their Nature and Causes date: None words: 100750 flesch: 62 summary: Since climate has so profound an influence on life today, it has presumably been equally potent at other times. Thus, in the mild portions of a geologic oscillation the climate seems to have been so equable and uniform that many plants and animals could live 1500 and at other times even 4000 miles farther from the equator than now. keywords: activity; air; atmosphere; average; carbon; cause; changes; climate; climatic; conditions; cyclonic; dioxide; earth; earthquakes; effect; evidence; fact; footnote; general; glacial; glaciation; growth; heat; high; hypothesis; ice; increase; lands; latitudes; little; loess; near; north; northern; ocean; parts; period; place; present; pressure; rainfall; regions; sea; solar; stars; storminess; storms; sun; sunspots; surface; temperature; times; variations; water; winds; years; | | cache: 37855.txt plain text: 37855.txt item: #34 of 63 id: 38036 author: Wilson, Eric B. title: Electricity for the 4-H Scientist date: None words: 21528 flesch: 82 summary: It seems that fuses usually blow at night, and it doesn't pay to stumble or fumble around electric wires in the dark. | Later Years 10-11 | 13 | 15 | | 12-13 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 20 14-15 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 21 16 & over | 19 | 21 | 21 | 21 keywords: battery; circuit; compass; cord; current; electricity; end; figure; heat; home; illustration; iron; lamp; light; motors; needle; points; pole; power; size; switch; use; way; wire; work; | | cache: 38036.txt plain text: 38036.txt item: #35 of 63 id: 38072 author: McAdie, Alexander title: Wind and Weather date: None words: 5940 flesch: 73 summary: During an individual disturbance lasting about 36 hours, we may have 8 hours of southwest wind; 4 hours of west wind, backing during the next 4 hours to south; 2 hours of south wind; 2 hours of southeast wind; 2 hours of east wind; 8 hours northeast wind and 4 hours north wind, 2 hours northwest, when it may be considered that a new pressure distribution prevails. The synoptic map, as it is called, because it is a glance at weather conditions over a large area at one and the same moment, is a map on which are plotted pressure, temperature, wind direction, velocity and rainfall. keywords: air; east; hours; illustration; low; north; south; storms; weather; west; wind cache: 38072.txt plain text: 38072.txt item: #36 of 63 id: 38348 author: Weir, James, active 1883-1912 title: The Energy System of Matter: A Deduction from Terrestrial Energy Phenomena date: None words: 46931 flesch: 47 summary: I have reached the conclusion that every physical phenomenon is due to the operation of energy transformations or energy transmissions embodied in material, and takes place under the action or influence of incepting energy fields. In accordance with the general principle already enunciated (§ 4), the action of the planetary energised material in the lines of the various incepting fields of the primary is productive of energy transformations. keywords: energy; energy conditions; energy influence; energy machine; energy operation; energy phenomena; energy process; energy properties; energy return; energy system; energy transformation; energy transmission; heat energy; mass; masses; material; nature; work energy cache: 38348.txt plain text: 38348.txt item: #37 of 63 id: 38583 author: Garnett, William title: Heroes of Science: Physicists date: None words: 86891 flesch: 56 summary: A number of other experiments illustrating electrical induction were also carried out. This fear lest a scientific reputation should interfere with his success as a physician haunted him for many years, and sometimes prevented his undertaking scientific work, while at other times it led him to publish anonymously the results he obtained. keywords: action; air; attention; bodies; body; boyle; business; capacity; cavendish; colour; conductor; current; direction; distance; electricity; electro; energy; england; experiments; faraday; father; following; force; franklin; general; glass; good; heat; house; institution; iron; length; life; light; lines; london; magnet; matter; maxwell; motion; nature; new; number; order; paper; place; point; pressure; principle; royal; rumford; second; sir; society; subject; surface; theory; thompson; time; tube; water; way; wire; work; years; young cache: 38583.txt plain text: 38583.txt item: #38 of 63 id: 38928 author: M'Pherson, J. G. (John Gordon) title: Meteorology; or, Weather Explained date: None words: 32561 flesch: 69 summary: There is, then, no definite demarcation between what seems to us clear air and thick haze. Expedition, 114; temperature, 115; thunder-storms, 116; winds, 116 Chambers on sun-spots and grain prices, 113 Change of air, 55; Strathmore to Glenisla, 56 Charles II., fog and smoke, 80 Chlorine and cloud formation, 36 Christison and colour of water, 75 Chrystal on Aitken's radiation from snow, 86 Cirro-stratus cloud, mackerel-like, 39 Climate, _Challenger_ notes, 115; cone-warnings, 120; Gulf Stream, 111; oscillations, 120; rainfall, 111; sun-spots on, 112; wooded country on, 111 Clouds, decay of, 37; distances of, 35; dry, 42; even without dust, 36; formation of, 34; height of, 34; numbering of cloud-particles, 34; sunshine on cloud formation, 35; varieties of, 35 Cone-warnings, 121 Continental winds, 98 Cyclones, 95; formation of, 96, 98; small natural, 98 Decay of clouds, 37; in thin rain, 41; process, 38; ripple markings, 39 Dew, evidence of rising, 22; experiments, 15, 16; false dew, 17; formation of, 13 Disease-germs in air, 53; causes, 53; deposited by rain, 55 Diseases, and east wind, 94; personal notes, 95 Dumfries, dust in air at, 46 Dust, condensing power, 43; from meteors, 37; generally necessary for cloud formation, 26; hazing effects, 47; numbering, 26; instruments for numbering, 27; produces afterglows, 64; produces foreglows, 67; quantity in Bunsen flame, 28; at Ben Nevis, 30; Hyères, Mentone, Rigi Kulm, 29; Lucerne, Kingairloch, 30; when not necessary, 36 Dust enumeration, deductions on, 31 Earn, Loch, splash of drop at, 101 Earthshine, 59 Ehrenberg, on colour of water, 75 Evelyn, fumifugium, 80; remedy for smoke, 82 Falkirk, Dr. Aitken's experiments on haze, 47 False dew, 19 Fitzroy on aurora as a foreboder, 73 Fog, counter, 31; dry, 41; formation, 24; more in towns, 25; and smoke, 80 Folk-lore, 50 Foreglow, described, 66; how produced, 67 Fort William Observatory, 102 Frankland, disease-germs, 53 Franklin, lightning, 51 Gassendi, named aurora, 72 Gillespie, Dr., on weather and influenza, 107 Glasgow, fog, 81 Glass, appearing damp, 44 Glenisla, ozoned air, 56 Grain crops and sun-spots, 112; Chambers' tables, 113 Great amazing light in the north, 72 Gulf Stream, effects on climate, 111 Gunpowder, great condensing power, 44 Haze, what is, 43; how produced, 44; in clearest air, 45; stages of condensation, 46; in sultry weather, 46; dryness of air and visibility, 48 Health improved by change of air, 56 Highland air, few disease-germs, 55 Hoar-frost, frozen dew, 20; on under surfaces, 21 Humboldt, isotherms, 114 Hydrogen peroxide and cloud formation, 36 Hyères, dust-particles, 29 Indian Ocean, colour, 75 Influenza, weather and, 107; six distinct epidemics, 108; spread of anti-cyclonic conditions, 109 Isobars by Buchan, 115 Isotherms by Humboldt, 114 Italian lakes, stages of condensation, 45 Job, on dew formation, 13 Kelvin recorder, 84; Aitken's radiation from snow, 86 Kew, instruments set, 121 Kingairloch, dust-particles, 30, 46 Kirchhoff, lower temperature of sun-spot, 112 Krakatoa, eruption of, dust-particles, 63 Le Verrier and weathercharts, 119 Lockyer, and sun-spots, 112 Lightning, electricity, 51; photographed, 51; sheet and forked, 51; ozone, 52 Lodge, electrical deposition of smoke, 83 London, coals consumed, 25; sulphur and fog, 25; fog in reign of Charles II., 81; Meteorological Office, 11, 120 Lord Derwentwater's Lights, 72 Lower animals, sensitiveness, 11 Lucerne, dust-particles, 30 MacLaren, Aitken's radiation from snow, 86 Magnesia, small affinity for water-vapour, 44 Man in the street, 11 Mediterranean, brilliant colour, 77 Mentone, dust-particles, 29 Merry Dancers of Shetland, 71 Meteors, producing dust, 37 Meteorological Council, London, 103; Office, 120; cone-warnings, 121; regular forecasts, 123 Milne Home on Ben Nevis, 103 Milton, dust numberless, 26 Moon, old, in new moon's arms, 58; weather indications, 59, 61 Mountain giants, 88; Adam's Peak, 89; Brocken, 89 Munich, International Meteorological Conference, 35 Murray, _Challenger_ keywords: air; atmosphere; blue; cloud; colour; day; dew; dust; earth; fog; formation; glass; heat; light; moisture; moon; number; observations; particles; place; rain; sky; snow; sun; surface; temperature; time; vapour; water; weather; wind; years cache: 38928.txt plain text: 38928.txt item: #39 of 63 id: 39466 author: Longstreth, Thomas Morris title: Reading the Weather date: None words: 45334 flesch: 74 summary: Cumulus clouds are called fair weather clouds until their bellies swell and blacken and they begin to form a combination in restraint of sunlight. As a matter of fact single instances of great wind velocities occur from each point of the compass. keywords: air; anticyclone; atmosphere; barometer; center; change; clouds; cold; conditions; country; cyclone; day; days; degrees; east; fall; great; half; high; hours; little; low; miles; moisture; night; north; pressure; rain; sea; sky; snow; south; storm; stratus; summer; sun; temperature; time; water; way; weather; weather bureau; west; wind; winter; year cache: 39466.txt plain text: 39466.txt item: #40 of 63 id: 39566 author: Tefft, Lyman Beecher title: Curiosities of Heat date: None words: 66580 flesch: 73 summary: By the aid of heat man subdues the world. By heat man prepares his food; by heat he drives his machinery; by heat he outstrips the flight of the winds; by heat he turns winter into summer and in his own dwelling makes for himself a perpetual springtime. keywords: air; ansel; bodies; body; christ; cold; creator; day; degrees; earth; force; god; good; heat; hume; ice; life; man; men; nature; place; point; sea; sin; spirit; state; subject; summer; sun; surface; tell; temperature; things; think; time; vapor; water; wilton; winter; world cache: 39566.txt plain text: 39566.txt item: #41 of 63 id: 39831 author: Worthington, A. M. (Arthur Mason) title: A Study of Splashes date: None words: 19093 flesch: 72 summary: Rough sphere falling 75 centim. In the present chapter will be described the splash that follows the entry of a _solid_ sphere falling vertically into a liquid from a small height, and I should like to persuade the reader, if possible before he begins to read, or at any rate afterwards, to make a very simple experiment. keywords: air; column; crater; drop; fall; fig; height; illustration; liquid; sec; series; sphere; splash; surface; water cache: 39831.txt plain text: 39831.txt item: #42 of 63 id: 40119 author: Bidwell, Shelford title: Curiosities of Light and Sight date: None words: 27452 flesch: 61 summary: The light reflected by a soldier's coat, for example, may be called red light, because when it falls upon the eye it gives rise to a sensation of redness. The portion of the retina upon which the red image at first falls becomes fatigued and partially insensible to red light; it is therefore unable to appreciate the red component of the white light afterwards reflected to it by the paper, and the sensation of the complementary colour consequently predominates; hence the greenish-blue ghost, which is called the negative after-image of the wafer. keywords: blue; colour; disk; eye; fig; glass; green; illustration; image; length; lens; light; patch; rays; red; spectrum; violet; white; yellow cache: 40119.txt plain text: 40119.txt item: #43 of 63 id: 41063 author: Defoe, Daniel title: The Storm. An Essay. date: None words: 2541 flesch: 89 summary: Those Sons of Plunder are below my Pen, Because they are below the Names of Men; Who from the Shores presenting to their Eyes The Fatal _Goodwin_, where the Wreck of _Navies_ I'm told, _for we have News among the Dead_, Heaven lately spoke, but few knew what it said; The Voice, in loudest Tempests spoke, And Storms, which Nature's strong Foundation shook. keywords: church; god; men; storms; tis cache: 41063.txt plain text: 41063.txt item: #44 of 63 id: 42245 author: Flammarion, Camille title: Thunder and Lightning date: None words: 64193 flesch: 73 summary: See https://archive.org/details/thunderlightning00flamuoft THUNDER AND LIGHTNING * * * * THUNDER AND LIGHTNING by CAMILLE FLAMMARION Translated by Walter Mostyn keywords: air; animals; august; body; burst; case; chimney; clothes; clouds; conductor; day; discharge; distance; earth; effects; electric; electricity; examples; feet; fire; fireball; flash; fluid; following; ground; hand; head; house; iron; july; june; left; length; lightning; man; men; metres; middle; moment; nature; number; people; pieces; place; point; right; room; second; shock; spark; storm; thunder; time; tree; wall; way; woman; yards cache: 42245.txt plain text: 42245.txt item: #45 of 63 id: 42613 author: National Research Council (U.S.). Ad Hoc Panel on On-line Computers in Nuclear Research title: On-Line Data-Acquisition Systems in Nuclear Physics, 1969 date: None words: 27541 flesch: 61 summary: Some expense for the _development_ of computer systems and computer systems methods is justifiable as an investment in methodology. (There has been a larger expenditure in the high-energy nuclear field, where computer systems have been employed extensively for some years longer and where experiments are so expensive that the economic advantages of computer use were quickly recognized.) keywords: 32k; 4k 4k; acquisition; analysis; computer; computer system; computing; control; cost; data; display; fortran; hardware; laboratory; level; line; machine; memory; number; opt; price; programming; software; std; system; tape; time; total; unit; use; words cache: 42613.txt plain text: 42613.txt item: #46 of 63 id: 44665 author: St. John, Thomas M. (Thomas Matthew) title: Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity Second Edition date: None words: 5020 flesch: 69 summary: The author has been working along this line for several years, and he has been able, _with the help of boys_, to devise a complete line of simple electrical apparatus. =_THE APPARATUS IS SIMPLE because the designs and methods of construction have been worked out practically in the school-room, absolutely no machine-work being required._= =_THE APPARATUS IS PRACTICAL because it has been designed for real use in the experimental study of elementary electricity._= =_THE APPARATUS IS CHEAP because most of the parts can be made of old tin cans and cracker boxes, bolts, screws, wires and wood._= =Address, THOMAS M. ST. keywords: apparatus; book; boys; complete; electric; electricity; fun; outfit; steel; wire cache: 44665.txt plain text: 44665.txt item: #47 of 63 id: 45446 author: Potamian, Brother title: Makers of Electricity date: None words: 118211 flesch: 53 summary: Perhaps the most striking thing is that everyone of the men described was of the Catholic faith, and the dominant idea is that great scientific work is not incompatible with devout adherence to the tenets of the Catholic religion. With literature, poetry, love and settling down in life to occupy him, it is hard to think of Ampère as a young man doing great work in science, but he did; and his work deservedly attracted attention even from his very early years. keywords: age; ampère; attention; book; cable; century; character; compass; coulomb; course; current; discoveries; discovery; earth; effect; electricity; end; experiments; fact; faraday; father; field; force; franklin; french; friend; galvani; genius; gilbert; good; hand; idea; illustration; influence; interest; iron; knowledge; law; life; light; lightning; lodestone; london; magnetic; magnetism; man; mathematical; matter; maxwell; means; men; mind; nature; needle; new; oersted; ohm; order; peregrinus; phenomena; philosophy; physics; place; position; power; problems; professor; purpose; regard; rod; royal; science; scientist; second; set; simple; sir; study; subject; success; theory; things; thomson; thought; time; university; use; volta; way; work; world; years; young cache: 45446.txt plain text: 45446.txt item: #48 of 63 id: 45515 author: Franklin, Benjamin title: Experiments and Observations on Electricity Made at Philadelphia in America date: None words: 23645 flesch: 68 summary: After the second, the upper part will have 22, the lower 18, and so on 'till after 20 strokes, the upper part will have a quantity of electrical fire equal to 40, the lower part none: and then the operation ends: for no more can be thrown into the upper part, when no more can be driven out of the lower part. But here we have a bottle containing at the same time a _plenum_ of electrical fire, and a _vacuum_ of the same fire; and yet the equilibrium cannot be restored between them but by a communication _without_! keywords: air; body; bottle; distance; electrical; end; fire; fluid; glass; non; particles; quantity; shock; spark; surface; water; wire cache: 45515.txt plain text: 45515.txt item: #49 of 63 id: 45893 author: Thompson, Silvanus P. (Silvanus Phillips) title: William Gilbert, and Terrestial Magnetism in the Time of Queen Elizabeth A Discourse date: None words: 3265 flesch: 56 summary: Gilbert piled proof upon proof, sometimes most cogently, as when he constructed loadstone globes, or _terrellas_ to serve as magnetic models of the earth; sometimes with indifferent logic, as when he pointed to the iron ore in the earth and reasoned that the magnet tended to conform to (_i.e._ turn itself toward) the homogenic substance of the body from which it had been dug. The second book is on the magnetic motions, and primarily on the attractions and repulsions between loadstones, between loadstone and iron, and between magnetic needles. keywords: book; compass; declination; gilbert; loadstone; needle; point cache: 45893.txt plain text: 45893.txt item: #50 of 63 id: 45955 author: Meadowcroft, Wm. H. (William Henry) title: A-B-C of Electricity date: None words: 23279 flesch: 69 summary: Instead of taking one piece of iron, as we would for an ordinary electromagnet, we take a bundle of iron wires in making an induction-coil, as these give a stronger effect. If iron were used, there would be a current of electricity generated, but it would be much less in quantity, because iron wire has much greater resistance to the passage of electricity than the same size of copper wire. keywords: battery; carbon; circuit; current; dynamo; electricity; fig; iron; light; magnet; pressure; water; wire cache: 45955.txt plain text: 45955.txt item: #51 of 63 id: 46168 author: Watson, William, Sir title: Experiments and Observations Tending to Illustrate the Nature and Properties of Electricity In One Letter to Martin Folkes, Esq; President, and Two to the Royal Society date: None words: 9201 flesch: 57 summary: Let a Man, standing upon electrical Cakes, hold this Plate in his Hand with the bits of Glass, Wire, _&c._ detached from each other, as much as conveniently may be; when he is electrified, let him cause a Person standing upon the Ground to bring another Plate, his Hand, or any other Non-Electric, exactly over the Plate containing these Bodies. When his Hand, _&c._ is about eight Inches over them, let him bring it down gently: As it comes near, in proportion to the Strength of the Electricity, he will observe the bits of Glass first raise themselves upright; and then, if he brings his Hand nearer, dart directly up and stick to it without snapping. keywords: electricity; fire; glass; hand; non; power; spirit; substances; tube; water cache: 46168.txt plain text: 46168.txt item: #52 of 63 id: 46338 author: None title: A Medley of Weather Lore date: None words: 16039 flesch: 99 summary: Haste thee away, oh, winter day! * * By fragrant gales in frolic play The floating corn's green waves are fann'd, And all above, broad summer day! keywords: april; birds; cold; cuckoo; day; days; doth; flowers; gold; good; green; june; march; month; moon; morning; night; old; rain; set; spring; summer; sun; thou; time; tree; weather; white; wind; winter; year cache: 46338.txt plain text: 46338.txt item: #53 of 63 id: 46763 author: Jerrold, Walter title: Michael Faraday, Man of Science date: None words: 46740 flesch: 64 summary: In his experiments, in connection with this discovery, Davy received considerable help from his laboratory assistant, who must have been much gratified by that passage in Davy's paper on the safety lamp, in which the great discoverer expressed himself as indebted to Mr. Michael Faraday for much able assistance. Tyndall, I must remain plain Michael Faraday to the last. keywords: chapter; course; davy; dear; death; experiments; faraday; following; friend; good; home; house; humphry; illustration; institution; knowledge; lectures; letter; life; light; love; man; matter; michael faraday; mind; nature; place; professor; royal; science; sir; society; story; subject; things; thought; time; work; years; | | cache: 46763.txt plain text: 46763.txt item: #54 of 63 id: 47396 author: Gladstone, J. H. (John Hall) title: Michael Faraday Third Edition, with Portrait date: None words: 64038 flesch: 72 summary: One of his near relatives tells me: It is said that Mr. Faraday once went to the shop where his father had formerly been employed as a blacksmith, and asked to be allowed to look over the place. He also tells how, on another occasion, he breakfasted at Albemarle Street, and during the meal Mr. Faraday made some eulogistic remarks upon Davy, which were coldly received by his guest. keywords: 8vo; academy; apparatus; author; book; character; children; cloth; course; crown; crown 8vo; davy; days; edition; electricity; english; evening; experiments; faraday; fcap; gilt; glass; good; honorary; house; illustrations; institution; interest; kind; knowledge; laboratory; lecture; letter; life; light; london; love; man; matter; member; men; mind; mrs; nature; new; notes; paper; philosopher; place; power; professor; review; royal; science; second; sir; society; stories; story; street; subject; things; thought; time; volume; way; words; work; world; years; young cache: 47396.txt plain text: 47396.txt item: #55 of 63 id: 48041 author: St. John, Thomas M. (Thomas Matthew) title: The Study of Elementary Electricity and Magnetism by Experiment Containing Two Hundred Experiments Performed with Simple, Home-made Apparatus date: None words: 72549 flesch: 81 summary: | 13.6 | 3.172 | 16.7 | .320 | 16|.05082 | 2583. | CURRENT IN | | | | | | CELL FROM | keywords: = =; = experiment; acid; action; apparatus; cell; circuit; coil; copper; current; directions.=; e c; electricity; end; ends; fig; force; illustration; iron; lines; magnet; magnetic; magnetism; needle; paper; pass; piece; place; pole; resistance; study; use; wire; zinc; | | cache: 48041.txt plain text: 48041.txt item: #56 of 63 id: 4908 author: Maxwell, James Clerk title: Five of Maxwell's Papers date: None words: 14417 flesch: 47 summary: It is very necessary that those who are trying to learn from books the facts of physical science should be enabled by the help of a few illustrative experiments to recognise these facts when they meet with them out of doors. It is therefore natural to expect that the knowledge of physical science obtained by the combined use of mathematical analysis and experimental research will be of a more solid, available, and enduring kind than that possessed by the mere mathematician or the mere experimenter. keywords: blue; bodies; experiments; light; men; mind; molecules; nature; phenomena; physical; quantities; science; theory; time; yellow cache: 4908.txt plain text: 4908.txt item: #57 of 63 id: 49467 author: Phillips, Percy title: Radiation date: None words: 20680 flesch: 64 summary: {93} INDEX ABSORBING power, 37 -- and radiating power, 38 Absorption, spectra, 34 -- by glass and quartz, 77 -- by air, 78 Addition of waves, 25 Amplitude, 23 BALMAIN, luminous paint, 59 Boltzmann, laws of radiation, 48 CONVECTION currents, 67 Corpuscular theory, 10 -- reflection and refraction by, 11 Crookes' radiometer, 67 DEWAR, temperature and phosphorescence, 62 Diffraction grating, 72 -- dispersion by, 75 -- wire grating, 77 Dispersion, 29, 75 Doppler effect, 69 EFFICIENCY in lighting, 52 Elastic solid theory, 17 Electric field, 18 Electric charges within the atom, 21 Electric oscillations, 19, 83 Electrification, positive and negative, 18 Electromagnetic induction, 80 Electromagnetic waves, 17, 84 Electrons, 30 Energy in simple wave, 25 Energy--wave-length curve, 27 FLUORESCENCE, 58 -- theory of, 60 Foucault, speed of light in different media, 17 Fourier's series of waves, 26, 30 Fraunhöfer lines, 35 Full radiator and absorber, 44, 45 GASES as radiators, 42 HUYGHENS' wave theory, 13 Hertz, experiments on electric waves, 85 -- reflection, 86 -- refraction, 87 -- wave-length by stationary waves, 88 INFRA-RED rays, 32 Interference, 13 KIRCHOFF'S law, 40 LANGLEY, Bolometer, 32, 48, 49, 77 Lebedew, pressure of light, 65 Lummer and Pringsheim, law of radiation, 48, 50 MAGNETIC oscillations, 20 Maxwell, electromagnetic theory, 17 -- pressure of light, 64 Momentum of moving electric field, 81 NEWTON, dispersion, 29 -- corpuscular theory, 12 -- law of cooling, 46 Nichols, Rubens and, Rest-strahlen, 79 Nicholls and Hull, pressure of light, 64, 68 PFLÃ�GER, emission from tourmaline, 43 Phase, 22 Phosphorescence, 59 -- chemical theory of, 61 -- temperature and phosphorescence, 62 Planck, energy and wave-length, 51 Polarised light, emission from tourmaline, 42 Pressure of light, prediction of by Maxwell, 64 -- measurement by Lebedew, 65 -- measurement by Nicholls and Hull, 64, 68 -- on the earth, 68 -- on fine dust, 69 -- on comets' tails, 69 -- three effects of in astronomy, 70 Prévost, Theory of Exchanges, 46 RADIATING power, 38 Radiometer action, 67 Reflection, corpuscular theory, 11 -- of electric waves, 87 Refraction, corpuscular theory, 11 -- of electric waves, 87 Resonance, 30 Rest-strahlen or residual rays, 79 Ripples on mercury, 13 Ritchie, radiating and absorbing powers, 38 Rowland, gratings, 73 Rubens and Kurlbaum, proof of Planck's law, 51 Rubens and Nichols, Rest-strahlen, 79 SCHUMANN waves, 78 Simple harmonic motion, simple periodic motion, 24 Spark discharge, 84 Spectrometer, 76 -- reflecting, 78 Spectrum, 29 -- the whole, 32 -- incandescent solid or liquid, 33 -- incandescent gas, 33 -- analysis, 34 -- emission and absorption, 34 -- sun, 35 -- stars and nebulæ, 36 -- and temperature, 48 Stationary waves, 88 Stefan, law of radiation, 47 TEMPERATURE, absolute, 56 -- of planets, 54 -- of space, 55 -- of sun, 53 ULTRAVIOLET rays, 32, 77 WAVE form, 24 Wave-length, 22 -- range of, 80 -- of electric waves, 90 Wave theory, rectilinear propagation, 13 Wien, Law of Radiation, 50 YOUNG, interference, 16 Printed by BALLANTYNE, HANSON & CO. Edinburgh & London /tb THE PEOPLE'S BOOKS A wonderful enterprise, admirably planned, and deserving the highest success. In a large number of substances, waves are given out under the stimulus of other waves without any heating of the body at all. keywords: direction; electric; energy; field; fig; heat; illustration; length; light; lines; pressure; radiation; rays; spectrum; sun; surface; temperature; waves cache: 49467.txt plain text: 49467.txt item: #58 of 63 id: 548 author: Rohrer, Steve title: Project Trinity, 1945-1946 date: None words: 11045 flesch: 58 summary: In addition to these two monitoring groups, a small group of medical technicians provided radiation detection instruments and monitoring. Radiation Exposures at Project TRINITY Dosimetry information is available for about 815 individuals who either participated in Project TRINITY activities or visited the test site between 16 July 1945 and 1 January 1947. In addition to providing medical care to TRINITY personnel, this group established radiological safety programs to: o Minimize radiation exposure of personnel on the test site and in offsite areas o keywords: area; detonation; ground; group; guard; july; military; monitoring; nuclear; personnel; project; project trinity; radiation; shelter; site; test; trinity cache: 548.txt plain text: 548.txt item: #59 of 63 id: 58404 author: Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of title: Grounds of Natural Philosophy: Divided into Thirteen Parts The Second Edition, much altered from the First, which went under the Name of Philosophical and Physical Opinions date: None words: 62833 flesch: 61 summary: Though every Self-moving Part, or Corporeal Motion, have free-will to move after what manner they please; yet, by reason there can be no Single Parts, several Parts unite in one Action, and so there must be united Actions: for, though every particular Part may divide from particular Parts; yet those that divide from some, are necessitated to join with other Parts, at the same point of time of division; and at that very same time, is their uniting or joining: so that Division, and Composition or Joining, is as one and the same act. _Madness_ is not only in the Head, but in other Parts of the Body: As for example, Some will feel unusual Touches in their Hands, and several other parts of their Body. keywords: actions; body; cause; chap; corporeal; creatures; example; exterior; fire; hath; human; infinite; kinds; mind; motions; nature; opinion; parts; perception; reason; regular; self; sensitive; society; sorts; water; world cache: 58404.txt plain text: 58404.txt item: #60 of 63 id: 60271 author: Harrow, Benjamin title: From Newton to Einstein: Changing Conceptions of the Universe date: None words: 26780 flesch: 64 summary: From NEWTON to EINSTEIN Changing Conceptions of THE UNIVERSE BY BENJAMIN HARROW, Ph.D. SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED With Articles by Prof. Einstein, Prof. J. S. Ames (Johns Hopkins), Sir Frank Dyson (Astronomer Royal), Prof. A. S. Eddington (Cambridge) and Sir J. J. Thomson (President of the Royal Society) Portraits and Illustrations NEW YORK D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY Eight Warren Street 1920 PREFACE Einstein's contributions to our ideas of time and space, and to our knowledge of the universe in general, are of so momentous a nature, that they easily take their place among the two or three greatest achievements of the twentieth century. I wish to take this opportunity of thanking Prof. Einstein, Prof. A. A. Michelson of the University of Chicago, Prof. J. S. Ames of Johns Hopkins University, and Professor G. B. Pegram of Columbia University for help in various ways which they were good enough to extend to me. keywords: axes; body; earth; einstein; ether; force; gravitation; law; laws; light; lines; matter; moon; motion; newton; point; relativity; space; sun; system; theory; time; velocity cache: 60271.txt plain text: 60271.txt item: #61 of 63 id: 63122 author: Greely, A. W. (Adolphus Washington) title: Geography of the Air date: None words: 4736 flesch: 53 summary: * * {47} Van Bebber, in writing on weather types, claims that a line drawn from the center of a cyclone perpendicularly in the direction of the heaviest gradients will in general be perpendicular to the subsequent path of the low, and that these lows leave high temperature on the right hand. Special reference should be made to the work of Professor Charles F. Marvin, whose successful experiments on wind pressures and velocities have attracted the attention of experts both in Europe and in this country. keywords: air; fall; miles; pressure; professor; temperature; velocity; wind; work cache: 63122.txt plain text: 63122.txt item: #62 of 63 id: 63372 author: Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm) title: Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000 date: None words: 94364 flesch: 57 summary: Now in Newtonian mechanics, absolute space and absolute time and force and inertia and all the other apparatus, altogether imperceptible, appearing only at the proper time to make possible a proper building up of the theory, play the same mysterious part as the ideas order and regularity in my story. TAKING THE BULL BY THE HORNS The hypothesis of relativity asserts that there can be no such concept as absolute position, absolute motion, absolute time; that space and time are inter-dependent, not independent; that everything is relative to something else. keywords: absolute; bodies; body; case; continuum; direction; distance; earth; einstein; ether; euclidean; events; experiment; fact; force; general; geometry; gravitation; law; laws; length; light; line; matter; means; motion; moving; nature; new; newton; observer; point; position; reference; relative; relativity; second; set; space; system; theory; time; universe; velocity; way; world cache: 63372.txt plain text: 63372.txt item: #63 of 63 id: 7333 author: Einstein, Albert title: Sidelights on Relativity date: None words: 8682 flesch: 52 summary: In this way, by using as stepping-stones the practice in thinking and visualisation which Euclidean geometry gives us, we have acquired a mental picture of spherical geometry. Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an ether. keywords: bodies; ether; geometry; matter; plane; relativity; space; theory cache: 7333.txt plain text: 7333.txt