item: #1 of 15
          id: 17137
      author: Godfrey, Edward
       title: Some Mooted Questions in Reinforced Concrete Design American Society of Civil Engineers, Transactions, Paper No. 1169, Volume LXX, Dec. 1910
        date: None
       words: 52564
      flesch: 65
     summary: Shear rods are given as standard features in the design of reinforced concrete beams. These stirrups are conspicuous features in the designs of reinforcing concrete beams.
    keywords: arch; author; bars; beam; columns; compression; concrete; design; load; method; point; practice; reinforcement; rods; shear; shear rods; slab; steel; stirrups; strength; stress; stresses; tension; tests; theory; writer
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        item: #2 of 15
          id: 20763
      author: Zerbe, James Slough
       title: Carpentry for Boys In a Simple Language, Including Chapters on Drawing, Laying Out Work, Designing and Architecture With 250 Original Illustrations
        date: None
       words: 40310
      flesch: 82
     summary: It is now also largely used in steel buildings and for other work requiring strength with small weight. Forming Lines and Shadows.
    keywords: angle; base; beam; board; cross; cut; cutting; edge; end; fig; form; frame; hand; hold; illustration; inches; line; material; molding; parts; piece; plane; point; right; roof; saw; sides; square; surface; tool; truss; use; way; wood; work
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        item: #3 of 15
          id: 26440
      author: Braidwood, James
       title: Fire Prevention and Fire Extinction
        date: None
       words: 56135
      flesch: 61
     summary: Writing to Lord Seymour, Commissioner of Woods and Forests, on the 28th June, 1851, he said 'that no preparations for contending with such fires will give anything like the security that judicious arrangements in the size and construction of buildings will do.' They may for that purpose contribute to the funds of the Royal Society for the Protection of Life from Fire, or of any existing society that provides fire escapes, or may purchase or take by agreement the property of any existing society in their stations and fire escapes, and generally may maintain such fire escapes and do such things as they think expedient towards aiding persons to escape from fire; and any expenses incurred by them in pursuance of this section shall be deemed to be expenses incurred in carrying into effect this Act. 12.
    keywords: act; board; braidwood; buildings; case; committee; district; duty; engine; establishment; feet; fire; fire brigade; fire engines; firemen; hose; inches; iron; jet; london fire; man; means; men; number; order; pipe; place; purpose; son |; steam fire; superintendent; time; use; water; work; | +; | london; | steam; | |
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        item: #4 of 15
          id: 28255
      author: Beard, Daniel Carter
       title: Shelters, Shacks and Shanties
        date: None
       words: 52727
      flesch: 82
     summary: But I was young and rash at that time, and without any previous experience in building or the aid of books to guide me and with only such help as I could find among backwoods farmers I built a forty-foot-front, two-story log house that is probably the pioneer among log houses erected by city men for summer homes. In my log house in the mountains of Pike County, Pa., I have a table fashioned entirely with an axe; even the ends of the boards which form the top of the table were cut off by Siley Rosencranz with his trusty axe because he had no saw.
    keywords: axe; bark; boys; building; cabin; camp; chimney; cut; door; end; ends; feet; fig; figs; fireplace; form; good; ground; house; illustration; inches; inside; latch; log; log cabin; log house; logs; manner; open; outside; place; poles; posts; roof; shows; sod; sticks; tree; walls; wood
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        item: #5 of 15
          id: 36936
      author: Leeds, Lewis W.
       title: Lectures on Ventilation Being a Course Delivered in the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia
        date: None
       words: 24946
      flesch: 65
     summary: The air in a room heated by an open fire can scarcely become stagnant, because that fire must necessarily be constantly drawing a considerable amount of air from the room to support combustion, the place of which will be supplied by other air, and here is where one of the greatest inconveniences arises in the use of the open fire; if the air entering to supply this exhaustion comes in at a crack of the door or window, on the opposite side of the room, and that air is cold, say 10° or 15° above zero, it flows across the floor to the fire, chilling the feet and backs of those sitting in its track. One breath of impure air shortens our life--Difficulty of getting pure air to breathe in houses and cars--Foul air in steam cars--Want of the proper knowledge regarding ventilation among all classes--Want of ventilation in this lecture room--Want of ventilation in the Cooper Institute, and in many other new and splendid buildings--Street cars very foul--My own chamber fully ventilated--I have no new patent idea, sufficient for all time without further thought--Constantly varying conditions require separate intelligent thought and action--The air moves horizontally in summer--Flues are then of no account--We must depend on open doors and windows--How to ventilate a sick room in the morning--The same in the evening--Windows should always lower from the top--To make air move in the summer is the great desideratum--When in motion the cold air falls and warm air rises; when at rest, it is arranged in horizontal layers, according to temperature--A flue is simply a passage for air of different temperatures--Experiments with flues of different temperatures--Expansion of air by heat--Weight required to keep it from expanding--Heating air weakens it instead of giving it power--Experiments showing draughts by lighted candles--Ventilation of churches--Illustrations not exaggerated--Examination of church in neighborhood--Fresh air taken from foul cellar--No fresh air supplied to churches used as hospitals in Washington--Depending on a sham ventilator painted on the solid wall--Foul air in Philadelphia schools--New York public schools--Many of the ventilators perfect shams--Covered up air-tight by the capping stones--Importance of the evaporation of water--A strong fire in basement will draw gas out of second story stove--A strong fire up stairs will draw foul gases from untrapped sewers--A very healthy location may thus be made very unhealthy--Drs.
    keywords: air; cold; day; feet; fig; fire; floor; foul; great; heat; heating; house; new; night; night air; open; place; room; subject; ventilation; water
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        item: #6 of 15
          id: 37928
      author: Merriman, Owen
       title: Gas Burners Old and New A historical and descriptive treatise on the progress of invention in gas lighting, embracing an account of the theory of luminous combustion
        date: None
       words: 28475
      flesch: 57
     summary: |Without |With | per |per | |Perfecter.|Perfecter.| Cent. |Hour. | {4 | 0·47 | 4·5 | 7·6 | 68 | {5 | 0·71 | 5·0 | 9·2 | 84 | {4 | 0·42 | 5·3 | 6·9 | 30 Leoni's fishtail, No. 5 .
    keywords: air; argand burner; burner; coal gas; combustion; flame burners; gas; gas flame; gas issues; gas lighting; gas supply; inch |; power; sidenote; | pressure; | |; | |candls.|feet; | |stand; |cubic |
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        item: #7 of 15
          id: 48360
      author: Daniels, Ara Marcus
       title: Chimneys & Fireplaces They Contribute to the Health Comfort and Happiness of the Farm Family - How to Build Them
        date: None
       words: 9814
      flesch: 74
     summary: The most common faults in chimney construction are: 1. The most common error in chimney construction is failure to distinguish between the size of flue necessary for free passage of the volume of smoke from a given amount of fuel and that which with proper height will produce the required draft.
    keywords: air; chimney; chimney flue; fig; fireplace; flue; inches; opening; room; smoke; throat
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        item: #8 of 15
          id: 48378
      author: Senner, Arthur H. (Arthur Henry)
       title: Fireplaces and Chimneys - Farmers' Bulletin 1889
        date: None
       words: 15294
      flesch: 70
     summary: [Illustration: Figure 5.--Two pleasingly designed fireplace chimneys that fit into their surroundings. The principles of construction given under Chimneys (p. 7) apply to fireplace flues.
    keywords: air; area; brick; chimney; feet; figure; fireplace; flue; illustration; inches; lining; masonry; metal; mortar; opening; room; smoke; walls
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        item: #9 of 15
          id: 50575
      author: Holmes, F. M. (Frederic Morell)
       title: Firemen and Their Exploits With some account of the rise and development of fire-brigades, of various appliances for saving life at fires and extinguishing the flames.
        date: None
       words: 41122
      flesch: 70
     summary: In the case of larger fires, perhaps half a dozen men and an engine will remain; while on returning, the various appliances have all to be prepared in readiness to answer another alarm. On the occurrence of large fires, when many companies are called out, distant companies are called from various points, like reserves, to take the places of some of those in action, to meet calls that may arise in the same districts; while at some stations, or company houses, the men are divided into two sections with duplicate apparatus, so that, while one responds instantly to the first call, the second at once prepares to answer any subsequent alarm.
    keywords: air; alarm; appliances; brigade; building; burning; chamber; chief; day; engine; engine fire; escape; feet; fire; firemen; flames; goods; ground; hand; heat; hose; illustration; ladder; london fire; men; new; officer; pipe; smoke; stations; steam fire; street; street fire; time; use; water; work; years
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        item: #10 of 15
          id: 55684
      author: Davis, George Moses
       title: Firebrands
        date: None
       words: 33718
      flesch: 89
     summary: In the midst of all this joy and happiness everyone forgot the lighted candles, until suddenly some one screamed, Fire, fire! Why is it dangerous to leave matches scattered around the house?_ That rats and mice are responsible for many fires is no longer doubted.
    keywords: boys; burning; children; day; door; father; fire; flames; good; home; house; joe; kitchen; look; matches; men; mother; mrs; night; paper; school; smoke; stove; time; water; way; work
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        item: #11 of 15
          id: 59379
      author: Miller, T. A. H. (Thomas Arrington Huntington)
       title: Plain Concrete for Farm Use
        date: None
       words: 10162
      flesch: 71
     summary: Portland cement concrete is the mass formed by mixing Portland cement, sand, gravel (or particles of other suitable materials), and water. The bulletin discusses the requirements of good concrete and describes the making and placing of plain concrete according to the best practice.
    keywords: cement; concrete; feet; fig; forms; gravel; materials; mixing; sand; use; water; work
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        item: #12 of 15
          id: 59380
      author: Fickes, Clyde P.
       title: Building with Logs
        date: None
       words: 9668
      flesch: 73
     summary: Logs were so plentiful in the forested area of our country that, with their resourceful ingenuity, the settlers built their homes in conformity with those principles of log construction which prevailed in the countries from which they migrated. Despite the fact that sawed rafters, as shown above, are often used for convenience in framing the roof, sawed or milled material is incongruous in appearance in the exterior of log buildings Hence, pole rafters, hand-made shakes, and similar hand-riven features are preferred.
    keywords: building; construction; corner; cut; figure; frame; illustration; inch; log; logs; notch; place; wall; wood
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        item: #13 of 15
          id: 59381
      author: Anonymous
       title: Simple Plumbing Repairs for the Home and Farmstead
        date: None
       words: 4471
      flesch: 74
     summary: A pump, storage tank, hot-water tank, water closet tank, water-treatment apparatus, and other water-system appliances or accessories should also be drained. Transcribers Note Text emphasis denoted as _Italics_ and =Bold=. SIMPLE PLUMBING REPAIRS for the Home and Farmstead [Illustration] [Illustration] Farmers' Bulletin No. 2202 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CONTENTS Page Repairing water faucets and valves 1 Frostproof hydrants 4 Repairing leaks in pipes and tanks 5 Pipes 5 Tanks 7 Water hammer 8 Frozen water pipes 8 Preventing freezing 8 Thawing 8 Repairing water closets 9 Flushing mechanism 9 Bowl removal 10 Tank sweating 12 Clearing clogged drains 12 Fixture and floor drains 12 Outside drains 13 Tools and spare parts 13 Emergencies 14 =Prepared by Northeastern Region Agricultural Research Service= This bulletin supersedes Farmers' Bulletin 1460, Simple Plumbing Repairs in the Home.
    keywords: bowl; faucets; pipe; plumbing; supply; tank; valve; washer; water
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        item: #14 of 15
          id: 62592
      author: Warren, George M. (George Milton)
       title: Simple Plumbing Repairs in the Home
        date: None
       words: 5817
      flesch: 77
     summary: [Illustration: Figure 8.--Flush valve for low tank.] CLOGGED PIPES Rust and dirt in water pipes are more or less successfully removed as follows: Tie a piece of small, stout cord to each end of a 2-foot length of small chain. FAUCETS SEAT WASHERS Badly worn washers make faucets noisy, hard to operate, and wasteful of water.
    keywords: cap; faucet; figure; handle; nut; pipe; screw; seat; washer; water
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        item: #15 of 15
          id: 62608
      author: Betts, M. C. (Morris Cotgrave)
       title: Rat Proofing Buildings and Premises
        date: None
       words: 10369
      flesch: 60
     summary: In the Southern States, where the roof rat occurs, similar care must be taken to make the upper floors and roofs of buildings rat proof, as this rat is an expert climber and frequently enters buildings by way of the roof. Such rat proofing may be accomplished by filling the hollow spaces to a height of 8 or 10 inches above the sill with cement, bricks, or other material resistant to the gnawing of rats, or a strip of galvanized metal 2 or more feet wide may be carried around the inside wall just above the sill.
    keywords: building; city; concrete; feet; figure; floors; garbage; ground; metal; proofing; rat; rat proofing; rats; spaces; wall
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