# bib

id: vitalik-institutions
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-institutions
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2264
sentence: 77
flesch: 48
cache: cache/vitalik-institutions.html
txt: txt/vitalik-institutions.txt
summary:
  Dennis Pourteaux proposes that the most important political divide of our present time is how we think about "institutions". The word "institution" in political discourse brings to mind things like national governments, the New York Times, universities and maybe the local public library. ChatGPT agrees.


id: vitalik-l2types
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-l2types
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2479
sentence: 100
flesch: 60
cache: cache/vitalik-l2types.html
txt: txt/vitalik-l2types.txt
summary:
  The layer 2 ecosystem has been expanding rapidly over the last year. Some projects that are currently independent layer 1s are seeking to come closer to the Ethereum ecosystem, and possibly become layer 2s. Non-financial applications, like games or social media, want to be decentralised.


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-election_zhTW
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 188
sentence: 9
flesch: 11
cache: cache/vitalik-election_zhTW.html
txt: txt/vitalik-election_zhTW.txt
summary:
  Jerry Ho, Jeff Coleman, Karl Floersch, Robin Hanson, and Robin Hanson are discussing the Dark Mode Toggle in a series of posts from 21st February to February 18th 2020. They discuss the future of the world. 


id: vitalik-christmas
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-christmas
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 972
sentence: 38
flesch: 69
cache: cache/vitalik-christmas.html
txt: txt/vitalik-christmas.txt
summary:
  It's Christmas time and we're supposed to be spending time with our families. This blog post offers some games that you can play with your friends that will help you have fun and understand some spooky mathematical concepts. 1.58 dimensional chess is a variant of chess where the board is set up like this, but there are only 27 open squares.


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 172
sentence: 3
flesch: 51
cache: cache/vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN.html
txt: txt/vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN.txt
summary:
  Karl Floersch, Hasu, Tina Zhen, Carol, and Carol will meet on October 28, 2022, at GreenPill CN to discuss revenue-generating technology.    Karl Floerfsch, Zhen and Carol are discussing Dark Mode Toggle. 


id: blog-ethereum-development-process
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-development-process
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 378
sentence: 18
flesch: 51
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-development-process.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-development-process.txt
summary:
  Gavin Wood documents the development of the codebase of the Ethereum protocol on the EFS blog. It's like a test-driven triplet-programming development. The goal was to have three fully compatible implementations and an unambiguous specification by the end of three days of substantial development.


id: vitalik-traveltime
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-traveltime
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1213
sentence: 41
flesch: 64
cache: cache/vitalik-traveltime.html
txt: txt/vitalik-traveltime.txt
summary:
  As an exercise in using ChatGPT 3.5, I wanted to explore how does the time it takes to travel from point A to point B scale with distance, in the real world. I used the GeoLife data set to do it.


id: blog-jeffs-ethereum-dev-update-2
author: blog
title: blog-jeffs-ethereum-dev-update-2
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 704
sentence: 30
flesch: 65
cache: cache/blog-jeffs-ethereum-dev-update-2.html
txt: txt/blog-jeffs-ethereum-dev-update-2.txt
summary:
  Jeff Wilcke has updated his blog with an update on his side of things and that of the Go team. The audit is looming around the corner. PoC-7 has been released now for a week and has been stable. They are already hard at work to finalise PoC 8. 


id: vitalik-bullveto
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-bullveto
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1253
sentence: 40
flesch: 43
cache: cache/vitalik-bullveto.html
txt: txt/vitalik-bullveto.txt
summary:
  The bulldozer vs. vetocracy political axis is defined by the bulldozer and the vetocracy poles. It is not the same as either authoritarian vs. libertarian or left vs right. It can be a combination of these two poles.


id: vitalik-garbled
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-garbled
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1904
sentence: 74
flesch: 68
cache: cache/vitalik-garbled.html
txt: txt/vitalik-garbled.txt
summary:
  Garbled circuits are a simple form of general-purpose computation. Alice and Bob want to both learn the result of computing f. Alice encrypts a circuit and passes the encrypted data to Bob. Bob uses a technique called "1-of-2 oblivious transfer" to learn the form of his own inputs without letting Alice know which ones he obtained.


id: blog-implementing-vitaliks-vision
author: blog
title: blog-implementing-vitaliks-vision
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1246
sentence: 55
flesch: 51
cache: cache/blog-implementing-vitaliks-vision.html
txt: txt/blog-implementing-vitaliks-vision.txt
summary:
  There is a general release of a stable command line client for the new version of the Ethereum protocol. Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood, and Jeffrey Wilcke initiated the PoC (proof-of-concept) series in Python, C++ and Go last summer.


id: vitalik-rollup
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-rollup
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4638
sentence: 174
flesch: 62
cache: cache/vitalik-rollup.html
txt: txt/vitalik-rollup.txt
summary:
  Rollups are the key scalability solution for the future of the Ethereum network. The main challenge with this technique is that bigger blocks are more difficult to verify. The three major types of layer-2 scaling are state channels, Plasma and rollups.


id: vitalik-complexity
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-complexity
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1481
sentence: 70
flesch: 57
cache: cache/vitalik-complexity.html
txt: txt/vitalik-complexity.txt
summary:
  The main goal of the protocol design of the Ethereum protocol is to make it as simple as possible, while still making a blockchain that can do what an effective blockchain needs to do. Complexity is difficult to define, but there are two types of complexity: encapsulated complexity and systemic complexity.


id: blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-v
author: blog
title: blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-v
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1419
sentence: 50
flesch: 54
cache: cache/blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-v.html
txt: txt/blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-v.txt
summary:
  Gavin Wood was in Zug, Switzerland for the last week. He was there to discuss the reform of the foundation and the release strategy for the new version of the protocol. He presented the strategy to the other members of the board.


id: blog-p-epsilon-attack
author: blog
title: blog-p-epsilon-attack
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1941
sentence: 56
flesch: 51
cache: cache/blog-p-epsilon-attack.html
txt: txt/blog-p-epsilon-attack.txt
summary:
  The P + epsilon attack on SchellingCoin was conceived by Andrew Miller earlier this month. Schelling coins rely on untested cryptoeconomic security assumptions. The theory is that if everyone expects everyone else to vote truthfully, then their incentive is to comply with the majority.


id: vitalik-verkle
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-verkle
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2664
sentence: 111
flesch: 70
cache: cache/vitalik-verkle.html
txt: txt/vitalik-verkle.txt
summary:
  Verkle trees will be an important part of the upcoming scaling upgrades of the Ethereum network. They are similar to Merkle Patricia trees, but they are much smaller and more efficient in proof size. They require less than 150 bytes to make stateless clients viable in practice.


id: vitalik-zkevm
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-zkevm
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2383
sentence: 94
flesch: 58
cache: cache/vitalik-zkevm.html
txt: txt/vitalik-zkevm.txt
summary:
  There are different types of ZK-EVM projects. Polygon, Zksync, Scroll, MatterLabs and Starkware are working on them. They are all based on the ZKSNARK technology, which makes it easier to make cryptographic proofs of execution of transactions.


id: vitalik-pos2020
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-pos2020
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1887
sentence: 71
flesch: 66
cache: cache/vitalik-pos2020.html
txt: txt/vitalik-pos2020.txt
summary:
  There are three reasons why PoS is a superior security mechanism compared to PoW. PoS offers more security for the same cost. It costs $486.67 per day to attack a network per $1 per day in block rewards. ASICs are a capital cost.


id: blog-blockchain-scalability-chain-fibers-redux
author: blog
title: blog-blockchain-scalability-chain-fibers-redux
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1992
sentence: 80
flesch: 51
cache: cache/blog-blockchain-scalability-chain-fibers-redux.html
txt: txt/blog-blockchain-scalability-chain-fibers-redux.txt
summary:
  Gavin Wood came up with the idea of Chain-Fibers in Berlin in Spring 2014, but the original article was stolen in Vienna. Gavin and Vitalik have made some changes and formalisations to the idea recently. The GitHub Wiki page will track the progress on the idea.


id: vitalik-road
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-road
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3167
sentence: 123
flesch: 64
cache: cache/vitalik-road.html
txt: txt/vitalik-road.txt
summary:
  In the early stages of the development of the Ethereum protocol, the development community made a lot of decisions that have had a large impact on the project's trajectory. The Gasper proof of stake that is soon going to merge to the new version of the protocol is a complex system, but a very powerful one. It has many properties, including strong single-block confirmations and predictable rewards.


id: vitalik-round7_FR
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-round7_FR
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1725
sentence: 71
flesch: 57
cache: cache/vitalik-round7_FR.html
txt: txt/vitalik-round7_FR.txt
summary:
  Le septième tour des subventions Gitcoin s'est terminé avec succès. Tour a connu une augmentation de l'intérêt pour Gitcoin. Tour traduit par 274.830 $ de contributions and 450.000 $ en abondement répartis sur 857 projets.


id: blog-ethereum-builders-experiment
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-builders-experiment
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2035
sentence: 84
flesch: 56
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-builders-experiment.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-builders-experiment.txt
summary:
  Mihai Alisie proposes an experiment for the Ethereum community. The main idea is the making of a self organizing knowledge sharing network with potential ramifications in a variety of other areas. He will explore a few of the use cases towards the end of the article.


id: vitalik-three_transitions
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-three_transitions
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3978
sentence: 160
flesch: 62
cache: cache/vitalik-three_transitions.html
txt: txt/vitalik-three_transitions.txt
summary:
  There are three transitions that the stack needs to undergo: L2 scaling transition, the wallet security transition and the privacy transition. Without the first, each transaction costs $3.75 ($82.48 if we have another bull run) and the mass market forgets about the chain and adopts centralized workarounds.


id: vitalik-backpack
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-backpack
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2887
sentence: 125
flesch: 73
cache: cache/vitalik-backpack.html
txt: txt/vitalik-backpack.txt
summary:
  Nomad has lived as a nomad for the last nine years, taking 360 flights and travelling over 1.5 million kilometers. He has optimized the luggage he carries along with him, from a 60-liter shoulder bag with a separate laptop bag to a 40-liter packpage with all the supplies he needs to live his life.


id: vitalik-proof_of_solvency
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-proof_of_solvency
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3494
sentence: 139
flesch: 65
cache: cache/vitalik-proof_of_solvency.html
txt: txt/vitalik-proof_of_solvency.txt
summary:
  Every time a major centralized exchange blows up, a common question is whether or not we can use cryptographic techniques to solve the problem. In 2011, then-largest Bitcoin exchange MtGox proved that they had funds by sending 424242 BTC to a pre-announced address. In 2013, discussions started on how to prove the total size of customers' deposits.


id: vitalik-round9
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-round9
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2913
sentence: 115
flesch: 55
cache: cache/vitalik-round9.html
txt: txt/vitalik-round9.txt
summary:
  Gitcoin Grants Round 9 has just finished. $1.38 million was donated by over 12,000 contributors to 812 different projects. Over 15% of contributions were detected as probably fraudulent. The team has published a blog post on how to detect and respond to this.


id: blog-light-clients-proof-stake
author: blog
title: blog-light-clients-proof-stake
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3078
sentence: 114
flesch: 60
cache: cache/blog-light-clients-proof-stake.html
txt: txt/blog-light-clients-proof-stake.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a blog post on the topic of "Light Clients and Proof of Stake". The main argument against proof of stake is that it's not easy to make a consensus algorithm light-client friendly.


id: vitalik-philosophy
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-philosophy
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3296
sentence: 116
flesch: 57
cache: cache/vitalik-philosophy.html
txt: txt/vitalik-philosophy.txt
summary:
  There are two main reasons why it's beneficial for a user to validate the chain. Validation maximizes the chance that the node can correctly determine and say on the canonical chain - the chain that the community accepts as legitimate. The canonical chain is defined as "the valid chain that has the most miners/validators supporting it".


id: blog-ethereum-the-first-year
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-the-first-year
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3267
sentence: 135
flesch: 62
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-the-first-year.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-the-first-year.txt
summary:
  Mihai Alisie is the Vice President of the Ethereum Foundation and the Director of the ETH Switzerland. He wrote a blog post about the first year of the project. It's the most intense ride of his life. 


id: vitalik-ens
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-ens
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3551
sentence: 138
flesch: 63
cache: cache/vitalik-ens.html
txt: txt/vitalik-ens.txt
summary:
  ENS domains today are cheap. The cost to register and maintain a five-letter domain name is only $5 per year. ENS DAO is gathering far less revenue than it could, which limits its ability to act to improve the ecosystem.


id: vitalik-gpt3
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-gpt3
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1655
sentence: 75
flesch: 71
cache: cache/vitalik-gpt3.html
txt: txt/vitalik-gpt3.txt
summary:
  The GPT chatbot has been all the rage the last few days. It can be used to write code, but it can also fail to do some simple tasks. In this case, the chatbot was used to change the IPFS hash registered in the vitaliketh ENS record to make the new article on his blog viewable through ENS.


id: vitalik-stealth
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-stealth
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3348
sentence: 134
flesch: 63
cache: cache/vitalik-stealth.html
txt: txt/vitalik-stealth.txt
summary:
  The biggest remaining challenge in the Ethereum ecosystem is privacy. This post describes the mechanics and use cases of a tool that could improve the state of privacy on the platform. It's called stealth addresses and it's a different kind of privacy than the current system.


id: vitalik-coordination
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-coordination
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3323
sentence: 118
flesch: 51
cache: cache/vitalik-coordination.html
txt: txt/vitalik-coordination.txt
summary:
  Coordination is the ability for large groups of actors to work together for their common interest. It is one of the most powerful forces in the universe. It can be improved in many ways, such as faster spread of information, better norms and punishments, stronger and more powerful organizations, smart contracts, governance technologies, voting, shares, decision markets, etc. However, there is a dark side to coordination.


id: vitalik-mvb
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-mvb
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1834
sentence: 59
flesch: 52
cache: cache/vitalik-mvb.html
txt: txt/vitalik-mvb.txt
summary:
  Blockchains should be maximally simple, because they are a piece of infrastructure that is difficult to change and would lead to great harms if it breaks. Layer 1 should be the site of stability and maintenance, with large changes only in emergencies. Once a layer 1 protocol has achieved a certain level of functionality, which I will term "functionality escape velocity", you can do everything else on top without further changing the base.


id: vitalik-scaling
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-scaling
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3792
sentence: 159
flesch: 67
cache: cache/vitalik-scaling.html
txt: txt/vitalik-scaling.txt
summary:
  There are technical issues that limit the scalability of a blockchain. Just increasing the parameters won't solve all the problems, but it's crucial for decentralization for regular users to be able to run a node. There are solutions to some of these issues, but even with the solutions there are limits.


id: vitalik-cities
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-cities
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3942
sentence: 163
flesch: 57
cache: cache/vitalik-cities.html
txt: txt/vitalik-cities.txt
summary:
  In the last year there has been a growth of interest in local government and in the idea of local governments that have wider variance and do more experimentation. MiamiCoin already exists, and "San Francisco Coin" is coming soon. There are also experiments with coin issuance and NFTs.


id: vitalik-nonfin
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-nonfin
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4358
sentence: 157
flesch: 56
cache: cache/vitalik-nonfin.html
txt: txt/vitalik-nonfin.txt
summary:
  There is growing interest in using blockchains for non-just-financial applications. Puja Ohlhaver, Glen Weyl, Kevin Yu, Kate Sills, Evin McMullen and myself have a podcast debating on-chain vs off-chain attestations.


id: vitalik-endnotes
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-endnotes
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3964
sentence: 160
flesch: 58
cache: cache/vitalik-endnotes.html
txt: txt/vitalik-endnotes.txt
summary:
  2020 has been a strange year because of these events, but also because of new technological discoveries that could open up a new chapter for humanity. It's also a good year to ponder the key question: How should we re-evaluate our models of the world?


id: vitalik-legitimacy_ES
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-legitimacy_ES
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4496
sentence: 186
flesch: 50
cache: cache/vitalik-legitimacy_ES.html
txt: txt/vitalik-legitimacy_ES.txt
summary:
  Ecosistemas de bloques Bitcoin and Etherum gastan más seguridad de la red - objetivo de la minería - that en todo lo demás combinado. The I+D del ecosistema Bitcoin está financiada en gran parte by empresas.


id: vitalik-homomorphic
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-homomorphic
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5030
sentence: 252
flesch: 69
cache: cache/vitalik-homomorphic.html
txt: txt/vitalik-homomorphic.txt
summary:
  Fully homomorphic encryption has many applications, including in the blockchain space. It's a type of encryption that allows a third party to perform computations on encrypted data and get an encrypted result. It can be used to implement privacy-preserving light clients.


id: blog-ethereums-unexpected-future-direction
author: blog
title: blog-ethereums-unexpected-future-direction
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 466
sentence: 17
flesch: 45
cache: cache/blog-ethereums-unexpected-future-direction.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereums-unexpected-future-direction.txt
summary:
  Valve's Steam is heading for 100 million users, most of whom have serious graphics hardware at their disposal. They will get mining software on to the majority of those machines simply by making it available to users and asking them to download it in exchange for participation in the network and a little credit.


id: vitalik-retro1
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-retro1
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4406
sentence: 164
flesch: 57
cache: cache/vitalik-retro1.html
txt: txt/vitalik-retro1.txt
summary:
   Optimism ran their first round of retroactive public goods funding. They allocated $1 million to 58 projects to reward the good work of the Optimism and the ETH ecosystem. The process was transparent from start to finish, with a quadratic vote among 22 participants. 


author: blog
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2116
sentence: 76
flesch: 47
id:
  blog-cryptographic-code-obfuscation-decentralized-autonomous-organizations-are-about-to-take-a-huge-leap-forward

title:
  blog-cryptographic-code-obfuscation-decentralized-autonomous-organizations-are-about-to-take-a-huge-leap-forward

summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a blog post about the development of obfuscation in the field of cryptography. It has applications in the cryptocurrency space and for software as a whole. The idea behind obfuscation is an old one and cryptographers have been trying to crack the problem for years.

cache:
  cache/blog-cryptographic-code-obfuscation-decentralized-autonomous-organizations-are-about-to-take-a-huge-leap-forward.html

txt:
  txt/blog-cryptographic-code-obfuscation-decentralized-autonomous-organizations-are-about-to-take-a-huge-leap-forward.txt


id: vitalik-pos2020_zhTW
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-pos2020_zhTW
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 316
sentence: 5
flesch: 45
cache: cache/vitalik-pos2020_zhTW.html
txt: txt/vitalik-pos2020_zhTW.txt
summary:
  Chih-Cheng Liang, Hsiao-wei Wang, Jerry, PoS and PoW are discussing the Dark Mode Toggle. The Toggle costs $1 per use of a computer graphics card. It is possible to turn on and off the toggle at any time.


id: vitalik-snarks
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-snarks
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4692
sentence: 212
flesch: 66
cache: cache/vitalik-snarks.html
txt: txt/vitalik-snarks.txt
summary:
  Zk-SNARKs are general-purpose succinct zero knowledge proofs. They can be verified extremely quickly even if the underlying computation takes a long time to run. The proof can keep some of the inputs to the computation hidden. This has two applications: scalability and privacy.


id: vitalik-daos
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-daos
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4401
sentence: 150
flesch: 49
cache: cache/vitalik-daos.html
txt: txt/vitalik-daos.txt
summary:
  There is a lot of discourse around the idea that highly decentralized DAOs do not work. Karl Floersch and Tina Zhen gave feedback on earlier versions of this article. Decentralization is important for making better decisions in concave environments. It is also important for censorship resistance applications.


id: vitalik-zkevm_zhTW
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-zkevm_zhTW
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 540
sentence: 4
flesch: -37
cache: cache/vitalik-zkevm_zhTW.html
txt: txt/vitalik-zkevm_zhTW.txt
summary:
  PSE, Polygon Hermez, Zksync, Scroll, Matter Labs, Starkware, ZK-EVM, Dark Mode Toggle and ZKSync 2.0 are among the posts summarizing the posts.


id: vitalik-endgame
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-endgame
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1581
sentence: 69
flesch: 59
cache: cache/vitalik-endgame.html
txt: txt/vitalik-endgame.txt
summary:
  Thanks to Optimism, Flashbots, Karl Floersch, Phil Daian, Hasu and Alex Obadia for feedback and review. The roadmap for distributed block validation is to add a second tier of staking with low resource requirements, split transactions into 100 buckets and randomly assigned validators. Secondary transaction channels would prevent censorship.


id: blog-juttas-update-bug-bounty-program-security-audit
author: blog
title: blog-juttas-update-bug-bounty-program-security-audit
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 417
sentence: 16
flesch: 54
cache: cache/blog-juttas-update-bug-bounty-program-security-audit.html
txt: txt/blog-juttas-update-bug-bounty-program-security-audit.txt
summary:
  Jutta Steiner gives an update on the bug bounty program and security audit on the security side of the launch of the new version of the platform. The first round of work from security auditors is finishing in a couple of weeks and bug fixing is already well underway. 


id: vitalik-ux_zhCN
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-ux_zhCN
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 157
sentence: 5
flesch: 66
cache: cache/vitalik-ux_zhCN.html
txt: txt/vitalik-ux_zhCN.txt
summary:
  Wonder @ GreenPill CN wrote about her experience with Dark Mode Toggle in 2013 and with personal user experiences with it in 2022.   “Dark Mode Toggle” is an extension of the “Toggle’s” default mode. 


id: vitalik-ux
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-ux
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1796
sentence: 76
flesch: 64
cache: cache/vitalik-ux.html
txt: txt/vitalik-ux.txt
summary:
  In 2013, a sushi restaurant beside the Internet Archive in San Francisco accepted bitcoin for payments, but the transaction did not go through. In 2021, he tried to pay for tea for himself and his friends at a coffee shop in Argentina, but his first transaction of 0.003 ETH did not get accepted. In 2022, the default transaction from his mobile wallet sent with only 21000 gas, and the receiving account required extra gas to process the transaction.


id: vitalik-voting3
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-voting3
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5221
sentence: 200
flesch: 57
cache: cache/vitalik-voting3.html
txt: txt/vitalik-voting3.txt
summary:
  There is a growing interest in decentralized governance in the blockchain space. Decentralized governance in some contexts is both necessary and dangerous. We need to move beyond coin voting governance as it exists in its present form, as I argue in this post.


id: vitalik-excited
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-excited
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5722
sentence: 207
flesch: 50
cache: cache/vitalik-excited.html
txt: txt/vitalik-excited.txt
summary:
  There are a few categories of applications that are proving themselves already and are getting stronger. Money is the first and still most important app. Decentralized Amazon on the blockchain is not going to happen, but there are growing adoption of key applications that meet people's real needs.


id: vitalik-end
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-end
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5503
sentence: 184
flesch: 59
cache: cache/vitalik-end.html
txt: txt/vitalik-end.txt
summary:
  In the last two years, he has been speaking at hackathons, visiting hacker houses, and doing Zuzalu in Montenegro, and seeing people a decade younger than him taking on leading roles in all kinds of projects. Nicole Sun, 21, invited him to visit a hacker house in South Korea, where he was the oldest person there.


id: vitalik-biometric
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-biometric
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 6782
sentence: 243
flesch: 55
cache: cache/vitalik-biometric.html
txt: txt/vitalik-biometric.txt
summary:
  Worldcoin is a biometric proof-of-personhood project co-founded by Sam Altman. It uses a piece of hardware called the Orb to scan the iris of its users.    It is intended to give everyone a Universal Basic Income. 


id: vitalik-revenue_evil
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-revenue_evil
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2864
sentence: 108
flesch: 58
cache: cache/vitalik-revenue_evil.html
txt: txt/vitalik-revenue_evil.txt
summary:
  The Revenue-Evil Curve is a different way to think about prioritizing public goods funding. Public goods are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, so it's difficult to provide them through private property and market-based means. It's not a universal framework, but it can tell us a lot about how to approach funding public goods.


id: vitalik-round7
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-round7
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1674
sentence: 64
flesch: 54
cache: cache/vitalik-round7.html
txt: txt/vitalik-round7.txt
summary:
  Round 7 of Gitcoin Grants has successfully completed. $274,830 in contributions and $450,000 in matched funds distributed across 857 projects. The category structure was split between "dapp tech", "infrastructure tech" and "community". Defi joined the matching.


id: blog-bazaar-services
author: blog
title: blog-bazaar-services
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1627
sentence: 64
flesch: 51
cache: cache/blog-bazaar-services.html
txt: txt/blog-bazaar-services.txt
summary:
  In the past 25 years one of the biggest trends in business and technology was what might loosely be termed as the open source revolution. Gavin Wood was writing his degree dissertation "open source software in the business environment" shortly after ESR wrote "the Cathedral and the Bazaar". Microsoft and its gigantic closed source codebase was the undisputed leader.


id: vitalik-soulbound
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-soulbound
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2053
sentence: 78
flesch: 64
cache: cache/vitalik-soulbound.html
txt: txt/vitalik-soulbound.txt
summary:
  In World of Warcraft, soulbound items cannot be transferred or sold to another player. Most powerful items in the game are soulbound and require completing a complicated quest or killing a powerful monster. Recently, Twitter started rolling out an integration that allows users to show off their NFTs on their picture profile.


id: blog-ethereum-launch-process
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-launch-process
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2849
sentence: 95
flesch: 59
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-launch-process.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-launch-process.txt
summary:
  Vinay Gupta is the newly minted release coordinator for the release of the new version of the Ethereum protocol. He will be 50/50 on comms and on release coordination. He was a 3D graphics programmer through the 1990s and has a strong grounding in financial cryptography.


id: vitalik-enshrinement
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-enshrinement
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 6299
sentence: 239
flesch: 55
cache: cache/vitalik-enshrinement.html
txt: txt/vitalik-enshrinement.txt
summary:
  From the start of the project, there was a strong philosophy of making the core of the Ethereum protocol as simple as possible. Recently, there has been some cautious interest in enshrining more features into the core. This post will go into the philosophical reasoning behind the original minimal-enshrinement philosophy and some more recent ways of thinking about some of these ideas.


id: vitalik-round4
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-round4
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3069
sentence: 105
flesch: 50
cache: cache/vitalik-round4.html
txt: txt/vitalik-round4.txt
summary:
  Round 4 of Gitcoin Grants quadratic funding has just completed. The main difference between round 3 and round 4 was that in round 4 there were two categories, one with a $125,000 matching pool for tech projects and one with $75,000 for "media" projects. Tornado Cash, a smart contract-based Etherum mixer, got $31,200. Other winners were Dappnode, Sablier and DefiZap.


id: vitalik-trustedsetup
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-trustedsetup
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2323
sentence: 111
flesch: 69
cache: cache/vitalik-trustedsetup.html
txt: txt/vitalik-trustedsetup.txt
summary:
  Trusted setup ceremonies are used in cryptographic protocols like Samsampling and ZK-SNARKs. The Zcash ceremony in 2016 was the first example of a trusted setup ceremony. This article explains how the KZG setup works and explains the future of trusted setup protocols.


id: blog-getting-to-the-frontier
author: blog
title: blog-getting-to-the-frontier
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1218
sentence: 38
flesch: 52
cache: cache/blog-getting-to-the-frontier.html
txt: txt/blog-getting-to-the-frontier.txt
summary:
  Vinay Gupta and Gav talk about the development of Frontier, the new version of the Ethereum protocol. They discuss the development process and the challenges they have to meet between now and Frontier's release, including security, network stability, mining and exchange. 


id: blog-ethereum-community-survey
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-community-survey
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1658
sentence: 74
flesch: 61
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-community-survey.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-community-survey.txt
summary:
  There was a survey for the community of the Ethereum Foundation in November. There were 286 responses. There are 123 people living in North America, 114 in Europe, 30 in Asia, 10 in Asia-Pacific, 13 in Oceana, and 6 in South America. There is a map of all the current Ethereum meetups.


id: vitalik-cypherpunk
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-cypherpunk
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3714
sentence: 131
flesch: 54
cache: cache/vitalik-cypherpunk.html
txt: txt/vitalik-cypherpunk.txt
summary:
  The Bitcoin Kiez was a region in Kreuzberg, Berlin, where there were a dozen shops accepting Bitcoin for payments. Room 77, a restaurant and bar in Room 77 served as a community center. PorcFest was a libertarian gathering in northern New Hampshire where the main way to get food was from small popup restaurants with names like "Revolution Coffee" and "Seditious Soups, Salads and Smoothies".


id: vitalik-round6
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-round6
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1902
sentence: 64
flesch: 55
cache: cache/vitalik-round6.html
txt: txt/vitalik-round6.txt
summary:
  Round 6 of Gitcoin Grants has just finished, with $227,847 in contributions from 1,526 contributors and $175,000 in matched funds distributed across 695 projects. There are three categories: "tech", "community", "media" and the round-6-special category Crypto For Black Lives.


id: blog-superrationality-daos
author: blog
title: blog-superrationality-daos
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3393
sentence: 129
flesch: 53
cache: cache/blog-superrationality-daos.html
txt: txt/blog-superrationality-daos.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin explains the advantages of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) in a blog post. The post contains some crazy ideas, but it is not meant to imply that Vitalik is certain that the idea is correct. 


id: vitalik-communitynotes
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-communitynotes
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4382
sentence: 164
flesch: 59
cache: cache/vitalik-communitynotes.html
txt: txt/vitalik-communitynotes.txt
summary:
  Community Notes is a fact-checking tool on Twitter. It was first rolled out as a pilot project in January 2021. The most rapid phase of its expansion coincided with Twitter's takeover by Elon Musk last year. Community Notes can be written and voted on by anyone, and which notes are shown is decided by an open source algorithm.


id: vitalik-trust
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-trust
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1516
sentence: 55
flesch: 63
cache: cache/vitalik-trust.html
txt: txt/vitalik-trust.txt
summary:
  Blockchain applications are never fully trustless, but some are closer to being trustless than others. Trust is the use of assumptions about the behavior of other people. There are different degrees of trust depending on the context.  


id: blog-microsoft-to-sponsor-ethereums-devcon1-2
author: blog
title: blog-microsoft-to-sponsor-ethereums-devcon1-2
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 305
sentence: 14
flesch: 39
cache: cache/blog-microsoft-to-sponsor-ethereums-devcon1-2.html
txt: txt/blog-microsoft-to-sponsor-ethereums-devcon1-2.txt
summary:
  Microsoft will sponsor and attend DΞVCON1, the premier Ethereum developer conference. It will be held from November 9th-13th at Gibson Hall in London, UK. Marley Gray, Director of Technology Strategy US Financial Services at Microsoft, is excited to work with Vitalik Buterin. 


id: blog-ethereum-dev-update-2015-week-41
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-dev-update-2015-week-41
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 449
sentence: 20
flesch: 48
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-dev-update-2015-week-41.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-dev-update-2015-week-41.txt
summary:
  The team is working towards the 1.0 release of the light client. The team is spending time polishing remaining bugs and bundling binaries for the various platforms. The Go and C++ teams have daily standups. The teams are preparing talks and presentations for DEVCON1.


id: blog-ethereum-in-practice-part-2-how-to-build-a-better-democracy-in-under-a-100-lines-of-code
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-in-practice-part-2-how-to-build-a-better-democracy-in-under-a-100-lines-of-code
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1315
sentence: 56
flesch: 68
summary:
  This is the second part of a series on how to build smart contracts in under 100 lines of code using the current Ethereum tools. Alex Van de Sande explains how to create a Democratic organization that lives on the blockchain and that anyone holding a share token can vote on proposals.

cache:
  cache/blog-ethereum-in-practice-part-2-how-to-build-a-better-democracy-in-under-a-100-lines-of-code.html

txt:
  txt/blog-ethereum-in-practice-part-2-how-to-build-a-better-democracy-in-under-a-100-lines-of-code.txt


author: blog
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 322
sentence: 12
flesch: 35
id:
  blog-security-alert-previous-security-patch-can-lead-to-invalid-state-root-on-go-clients-with-a-specific-transaction-sequence-fixed-please-update

title:
  blog-security-alert-previous-security-patch-can-lead-to-invalid-state-root-on-go-clients-with-a-specific-transaction-sequence-fixed-please-update

summary:
  There is a bug in the Go client that can lead to invalid state on some Go clients with a specific transaction sequence. The fix has been posted on the EFS blog by Jutta Steiner. There is no effect on the expected chain reorganisation depth.

cache:
  cache/blog-security-alert-previous-security-patch-can-lead-to-invalid-state-root-on-go-clients-with-a-specific-transaction-sequence-fixed-please-update.html

txt:
  txt/blog-security-alert-previous-security-patch-can-lead-to-invalid-state-root-on-go-clients-with-a-specific-transaction-sequence-fixed-please-update.txt


id: blog-slasher-a-punitive-proof-of-stake-algorithm
author: blog
title: blog-slasher-a-punitive-proof-of-stake-algorithm
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1666
sentence: 63
flesch: 63
cache: cache/blog-slasher-a-punitive-proof-of-stake-algorithm.html
txt: txt/blog-slasher-a-punitive-proof-of-stake-algorithm.txt
summary:
  Slasher is a proof-of-stake mining algorithm. Vitalik Buterin proposes it as a replacement for Dagger as the main mining function of the current version of the Ethereum network. It has a number of advantages over proof of work mining.


id: blog-more-thoughts-on-scripting-and-future-compatibility
author: blog
title: blog-more-thoughts-on-scripting-and-future-compatibility
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1920
sentence: 63
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-more-thoughts-on-scripting-and-future-compatibility.html
txt: txt/blog-more-thoughts-on-scripting-and-future-compatibility.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin wrote a blog post introducing the new version of the Script 2.0. Sergio Damian Lerner, a Bitcoin security researcher, criticizes two aspects of the change: the fee system and the loss of the crypto opcodes.


author: blog
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 346
sentence: 14
flesch: 33
id:
  blog-security-alert-implementation-of-blockhash-instruction-in-c-and-go-clients-can-potentially-cause-consensus-issue-fixed-please-update

title:
  blog-security-alert-implementation-of-blockhash-instruction-in-c-and-go-clients-can-potentially-cause-consensus-issue-fixed-please-update

summary:
  Both C++ (eth) and Go (geth) clients have an erroneous implementation of an edge case in the Ethereum virtual machine. Erroneous implementation of BLOCKHASH can trigger a chain reorganisation leading to consensus problems. All geth versions up to 1.1.3 and 1.2.2 are affected, but pyethereum is unaffected.

cache:
  cache/blog-security-alert-implementation-of-blockhash-instruction-in-c-and-go-clients-can-potentially-cause-consensus-issue-fixed-please-update.html

txt:
  txt/blog-security-alert-implementation-of-blockhash-instruction-in-c-and-go-clients-can-potentially-cause-consensus-issue-fixed-please-update.txt


id: vitalik-zkevm_TR
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-zkevm_TR
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1963
sentence: 116
flesch: 59
cache: cache/vitalik-zkevm_TR.html
txt: txt/vitalik-zkevm_TR.txt
summary:
  "ZK-EVM" is a project of Polygon, Polygon Hermez, Zksync, Scroll, Matter Labs, and Starkware. It is based on ZK-SNARK, a kriptografik based on Bitcoin.


id: blog-subjectivity-exploitability-tradeoff
author: blog
title: blog-subjectivity-exploitability-tradeoff
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4172
sentence: 131
flesch: 51
cache: cache/blog-subjectivity-exploitability-tradeoff.html
txt: txt/blog-subjectivity-exploitability-tradeoff.txt
summary:
  The Subjectivity / Exploitability Tradeoff is a trade-off between security and profit potential of consensus systems. SchellingCoin is vulnerable to a P + epsilon attack in the presence of an attacker willing to commit to bribing a large enough amount.


id: vitalik-networkstates
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-networkstates
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 8053
sentence: 334
flesch: 57
cache: cache/vitalik-networkstates.html
txt: txt/vitalik-networkstates.txt
summary:
  On July 4, Balaji Srinivasan released the first version of his new book describing his vision for "network states". Network states are communities organized around a particular vision of how to run their own society that start off as online clubs, but build up more and more of a presence over time and eventually become large enough to seek political autonomy or even diplomatic recognition.


id: vitalik-concave
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-concave
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1866
sentence: 59
flesch: 56
cache: cache/vitalik-concave.html
txt: txt/vitalik-concave.txt
summary:
  Convex and Convex Dispositions are two different philosophical dispositions. People with convex dispositions prefer to find the balance between the two extremes in their decisions rather than compromise between the extremes. Convextors prefer to focus on the low-hanging fruit and avoid doing things that the opposing philosophy considers terrible.


id: vitalik-voting2
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-voting2
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4419
sentence: 173
flesch: 55
cache: cache/vitalik-voting2.html
txt: txt/vitalik-voting2.txt
summary:
  Blockchain voting is overrated among uninformed people but underrated among informed people, according to Karl Floersch, Albert Ni, Mr Silly, CNet, ArsTechnica, Bruce Schneier, and researchers at MIT are against it.


id: vitalik-using_snarks
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-using_snarks
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3743
sentence: 162
flesch: 69
cache: cache/vitalik-using_snarks.html
txt: txt/vitalik-using_snarks.txt
summary:
  ZK-SNARKs are a powerful cryptographic tool and an important part of the applications that people are building both in the blockchain space and beyond. Barry Whitehat and Gubsheep gave feedback and review to the previous post explaining ZK- SNARKs. This post focuses on applications of SNarks for preserving privacy.


id: blog-on-transaction-fees-and-the-fallacy-of-market-based-solutions
author: blog
title: blog-on-transaction-fees-and-the-fallacy-of-market-based-solutions
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2314
sentence: 107
flesch: 58
cache: cache/blog-on-transaction-fees-and-the-fallacy-of-market-based-solutions.html
txt: txt/blog-on-transaction-fees-and-the-fallacy-of-market-based-solutions.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a blog post on the transaction fee structure of the Ethereum protocol. He suggests a flexible fee system that allows consensus-based human intervention after the fact would be best for the project. Bitcoin already has a ready-made solution: make the fees voluntary and market-based.


id: vitalik-prices
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-prices
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2794
sentence: 113
flesch: 66
cache: cache/vitalik-prices.html
txt: txt/vitalik-prices.txt
summary:
  Selling at below-market-clearing prices is common in the NFTsales and ICOs in the Ethereum ecosystem. It sacrifices revenue for the seller and harms the buyers. There are alternatives to this practice.  


id: vitalik-stable
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-stable
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2563
sentence: 106
flesch: 64
cache: cache/vitalik-stable.html
txt: txt/vitalik-stable.txt
summary:
  The recent LUNA crash has led to criticism of "algorithmic stablecoins" as a category. Many consider them to be a "fundamentally flawed product". However, some stablecoins are highly robust in theory and have survived extreme tests of crypto market conditions in practice.


id: blog-a-message-from-stephan-tual
author: blog
title: blog-a-message-from-stephan-tual
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 312
sentence: 10
flesch: 41
cache: cache/blog-a-message-from-stephan-tual.html
txt: txt/blog-a-message-from-stephan-tual.txt
summary:
  Stephan Tual and Eth/Dev have decided to part ways. He will continue to promote the ideas of the Ethereum Foundation and build a world-class platform for decentralized applications. He thanks the community for their support over the last year.


id: blog-ethereum-launches
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-launches
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 291
sentence: 13
flesch: 57
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-launches.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-launches.txt
summary:
  Stephan Tual announces the launch of Frontier, the first live release of the Ethereum project. The vision of a censorship-proof ‘world computer’ that anyone can program is now a reality. There is a new intro video to celebrate the release.


id: blog-devcon-one-postponed-until-further-notice
author: blog
title: blog-devcon-one-postponed-until-further-notice
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 170
sentence: 8
flesch: 43
cache: cache/blog-devcon-one-postponed-until-further-notice.html
txt: txt/blog-devcon-one-postponed-until-further-notice.txt
summary:
  devcon one postponed until further notice. Venue for devcon one in London was not able to be secured on the dates desired (October 5th-8th). Updates will be forthcoming on the Devcon one website. Sign up to receive notifications for protocol-related announcements.


id: blog-devcon-is-back
author: blog
title: blog-devcon-is-back
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 601
sentence: 22
flesch: 45
cache: cache/blog-devcon-is-back.html
txt: txt/blog-devcon-is-back.txt
summary:
  DevCon 1 will be held in London on November 9-13. It's been 100 days since the launch of the Ethereum network. The conference will take place over 5 days at the Gibson Hall. The first half of the week will focus on research and dapp development, and the second half on industry and mainstream audiences.


id: vitalik-rollup_ES
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-rollup_ES
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4996
sentence: 195
flesch: 54
cache: cache/vitalik-rollup_ES.html
txt: txt/vitalik-rollup_ES.txt
summary:
  Rollups are a new type of ecosistema blockchain. They are intended to be the solución de escalabilidad clave for the future of the technology. The post will answer questions about their development and their practicalities.


id: blog-applications-of-security-deposits-and-prediction-markets-you-might-not-have-thought-about
author: blog
title: blog-applications-of-security-deposits-and-prediction-markets-you-might-not-have-thought-about
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2086
sentence: 58
flesch: 44
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a blog post about smart contracts and smart money. Vlad Zamfir developed many of the ideas behind prediction markets for content curation. Proof of work and proof of stake are two different types of smart contracts. 

cache:
  cache/blog-applications-of-security-deposits-and-prediction-markets-you-might-not-have-thought-about.html

txt:
  txt/blog-applications-of-security-deposits-and-prediction-markets-you-might-not-have-thought-about.txt


id: blog-ethereum-wallet-developer-preview
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-wallet-developer-preview
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1005
sentence: 54
flesch: 70
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-wallet-developer-preview.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-wallet-developer-preview.txt
summary:
  Ethereum Wallet is the first developer-preview of the app. The point of this release is to gather feedback, squash bugs and get the code audited. The developer preview doesn't come bundled with a node, so you still need to start by downloading the binary for your OS.


id: vitalik-deeperdive
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-deeperdive
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5153
sentence: 194
flesch: 64
cache: cache/vitalik-deeperdive.html
txt: txt/vitalik-deeperdive.txt
summary:
  In the Three Transitions, Yoav Weiss, Dan Finlay, Martin Koppelmann, and the Arbitrum, Optimism, Polygon, Scroll and SoulWallet teams give their feedback and review. In this post Yoav explains why it's valuable to start thinking explicitly about L1 + cross-L2 support, wallet security, and privacy as necessary basic features of the ecosystem. The post will focus more directly on the technical aspects.


id: vitalik-legitimacy
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-legitimacy
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4200
sentence: 165
flesch: 56
cache: cache/vitalik-legitimacy.html
txt: txt/vitalik-legitimacy.txt
summary:
  The Bitcoin and Etherum ecosystems spend more on network security than on everything else combined. The Bitcoin blockchain has paid an average of $38 million per day in block rewards to miners since the start of the year. The Etherum Foundation's annual budget is a mere $30 million per year. Bitcoin ecosystem R&D is funded by companies with $250 million raised so far.


id: blog-stateful-turing-complete-policies
author: blog
title: blog-stateful-turing-complete-policies
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2148
sentence: 63
flesch: 46
cache: cache/blog-stateful-turing-complete-policies.html
txt: txt/blog-stateful-turing-complete-policies.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a post on the Stateful Turing-Complete Policies blog about the security of user accounts on the internet. He proposes replacing passwords with a single password to rule them all and a free market of solutions to manage user access control.


id: blog-security-alert-consensus-issue
author: blog
title: blog-security-alert-consensus-issue
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 539
sentence: 23
flesch: 54
cache: cache/blog-security-alert-consensus-issue.html
txt: txt/blog-security-alert-consensus-issue.txt
summary:
  There was a state database consensus issue in geth with deletion of account data. Miners switched to Eth or pyethereum as a temporary workaround. The issue was fixed before the announcement of the new release 1.1.0.


id: vitalik-round5
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-round5
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2784
sentence: 102
flesch: 54
cache: cache/vitalik-round5.html
txt: txt/vitalik-round5.txt
summary:
  Round 5 of Gitcoin Grants has just finished, with $250,000 of matching split between tech, media, and the new category of "public health". In general, the mechanism and community are settling down into a regular rhythm. The stability of income is important if we want to support an ecosystem of "quadratic freelancers".


id: vitalik-layer_3
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-layer_3
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2867
sentence: 111
flesch: 60
cache: cache/vitalik-layer_3.html
txt: txt/vitalik-layer_3.txt
summary:
  Starkware proposes a triple-layered architecture for scaling a blockchain. This post explains some of the details of what might and might not make sense to do in such an architecture. It also explains the difference between a layer 2 protocol and a layer 3 protocol.


id: blog-security-alert-1-windowsalethzero-2
author: blog
title: blog-security-alert-1-windowsalethzero-2
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 351
sentence: 18
flesch: 51
cache: cache/blog-security-alert-1-windowsalethzero-2.html
txt: txt/blog-security-alert-1-windowsalethzero-2.txt
summary:
  There is a security issue with the Windows version of AlethZero and Eth on the Windows platform. The issue affects users of version 0.9.39 and earlier. New hotfix has been released with changes to fix the issue.


id: vitalik-gini
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-gini
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2019
sentence: 76
flesch: 55
cache: cache/vitalik-gini.html
txt: txt/vitalik-gini.txt
summary:
  The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality introduced by Corrado Gini in 1912. It is used to measure inequality of income and wealth in countries and in other contexts. In this post I talk about some of the limits of the Gini coefficients and propose alternatives.


id: blog-chain-reorganisation-depth-expectations
author: blog
title: blog-chain-reorganisation-depth-expectations
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 950
sentence: 36
flesch: 49
cache: cache/blog-chain-reorganisation-depth-expectations.html
txt: txt/blog-chain-reorganisation-depth-expectations.txt
summary:
  Chain Reorganisation Depth Expectations are based on theoretical considerations, ongoing empirical data, human factors in contingency planning and the past experience of the security team. They do not consider transactions within this depth to have an exceptionally high chance of being permanent. They will be monitoring the chain for any signs of protocol-level issues. The updates will be posted in the forums and on the official blog.


id: blog-understanding-serenity-part-i-abstraction
author: blog
title: blog-understanding-serenity-part-i-abstraction
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2989
sentence: 80
flesch: 43
cache: cache/blog-understanding-serenity-part-i-abstraction.html
txt: txt/blog-understanding-serenity-part-i-abstraction.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has released the first proof-of-concept release for Serenity, a new feature of the Ethereum protocol. It is intended to have two major feature sets: abstraction and Casper, our security-deposit-based proof of stake algorithm.


id: vitalik-election
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-election
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5285
sentence: 197
flesch: 60
cache: cache/vitalik-election.html
txt: txt/vitalik-election.txt
summary:
  Prediction markets allow the public to make bets about future events and use the odds at which bets are made as a credibly neutral source of predicted probabilities. The 2020 US presidential election seems to be the first time prediction markets are finally entering the limelight. Jeff Coleman, Karl Floersch and Robin Hanson gave feedback and review to the post.


id: vitalik-techno_optimism
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-techno_optimism
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 11201
sentence: 447
flesch: 56
cache: cache/vitalik-techno_optimism.html
txt: txt/vitalik-techno_optimism.txt
summary:
  Marc Andreessen's "techno-optimist" manifesto has received a lot of attention. His own feelings about techno-optimism are warm, but nuanced. James Pethokoukis's "The Conservative Futurist" and Palladium's "It's Time To Build for Good" are similar.


id: blog-nick-szabo-confirmed-as-keynote-speaker-of-ethereums-devcon1
author: blog
title: blog-nick-szabo-confirmed-as-keynote-speaker-of-ethereums-devcon1
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 391
sentence: 19
flesch: 44
cache: cache/blog-nick-szabo-confirmed-as-keynote-speaker-of-ethereums-devcon1.html
txt: txt/blog-nick-szabo-confirmed-as-keynote-speaker-of-ethereums-devcon1.txt
summary:
  Nick Szabo is the Keynote Speaker of the DΞVCON1, which will be held from November 9th-13th at Gibson Hall in London, UK. Nick's keynote will focus on the history of the blockchain, smart contracts and assets on the blockchain. 


id: vitalik-recovery
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-recovery
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3691
sentence: 135
flesch: 58
cache: cache/vitalik-recovery.html
txt: txt/vitalik-recovery.txt
summary:
  Social recovery wallets are a new type of smart contract wallet. They provide a high level of security and better usability than previous options. They can be easily and widely deployed in the cryptocurrency and blockchain ecosystem. Itamar Lesuisse from Argent and Daniel Wang from Loopring provided feedback. 


id: blog-announcing-new-foundation-board-executive-director
author: blog
title: blog-announcing-new-foundation-board-executive-director
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 747
sentence: 29
flesch: 35
cache: cache/blog-announcing-new-foundation-board-executive-director.html
txt: txt/blog-announcing-new-foundation-board-executive-director.txt
summary:
  After an intensive recruitment period, the Ethereum Foundation has selected an Executive Director and named three members to the Board of Directors. The new organizational structure will allow them to focus on their next phase of development. The Board is currently comprised of Lars Klawitter, Vadim Levitin, Wayne Hennessy-Barrett and Vitalik Buterin (President of the Board).


id: blog-the-evolution-of-ethereum
author: blog
title: blog-the-evolution-of-ethereum
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2414
sentence: 56
flesch: 27
cache: cache/blog-the-evolution-of-ethereum.html
txt: txt/blog-the-evolution-of-ethereum.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin wrote a blog post about the development of the "web 3.0" according to Gavin Wood. The project is in a time of complicated transition. Vitalik developed four compatible versions of the project. 


id: blog-ethereum-protocol-update-1
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-protocol-update-1
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 983
sentence: 39
flesch: 61
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-protocol-update-1.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-protocol-update-1.txt
summary:
  Stephan Tual announced the first Frontier patch for the Ethereum Protocol Update 1. The thawing pull request has been merged for the Go client and the Master branch has been updated. If you're still running branch release 1.0.0 please switch to Master. C++ users can also switch to master once merged. 


id: vitalik-limits
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-limits
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5028
sentence: 193
flesch: 48
cache: cache/vitalik-limits.html
txt: txt/vitalik-limits.txt
summary:
  Nathan Schneider has recently written an article on the limits of cryptoeconomic approaches to governance and what could be added to them to improve their usefulness. The world of cryptocurrency is very economic, neo and liberal. Critics have long warned against the expansion of economiclogics.


id: blog-security-advisory-eth-cpp-ethereum-potentially-vulnerable-if-running-with-upnp-enabled
author: blog
title: blog-security-advisory-eth-cpp-ethereum-potentially-vulnerable-if-running-with-upnp-enabled
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 219
sentence: 10
flesch: 30
txt: txt/blog-security-advisory-eth-cpp-ethereum-potentially-vulnerable-if-running-with-upnp-enabled.txt
summary:
  A vulnerability in the MiniUPnP library can potentially affect eth clients running with UPnP enabled. The solution is to only run eth (Cpp-ethereum) with UPNP disabled by passing --upnp off to eth.

cache:
  cache/blog-security-advisory-eth-cpp-ethereum-potentially-vulnerable-if-running-with-upnp-enabled.html


id: blog-on-anti-pre-revelation-games
author: blog
title: blog-on-anti-pre-revelation-games
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2232
sentence: 61
flesch: 49
cache: cache/blog-on-anti-pre-revelation-games.html
txt: txt/blog-on-anti-pre-revelation-games.txt
summary:
  On the Anti-Pre-Revelation Games blog, Vitalik Buterin explains why some proposed applications on top of the Ethereum protocol rely on some kind of incentivized, multi-party data provision. Augur is a prediction market based on a Schelling scheme. 


id: blog-announcing-eπ-ethereum-on-raspberry-pi-programme
author: blog
title: blog-announcing-eπ-ethereum-on-raspberry-pi-programme
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 411
sentence: 14
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-announcing-eπ-ethereum-on-raspberry-pi-programme.html
txt: txt/blog-announcing-eπ-ethereum-on-raspberry-pi-programme.txt
summary:
  Gavin Wood announces the roll-out of the "eπ" Ethereum-on-Raspberry Pi programme. The kit includes a Raspberry Pi, power connector and SD card preloaded with all software required to run an Ethereum Frontier node. Gavin has set up an Ether Faucet on Olympic.


id: vitalik-dont_overload
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-dont_overload
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2905
sentence: 110
flesch: 57
cache: cache/vitalik-dont_overload.html
txt: txt/vitalik-dont_overload.txt
summary:
  The consensus on the Ethereum network is one of the most highly secured systems out there. 18 million ETH ($34 billion) worth of validators finalize a block every 6.4 minutes, running many different implementations of the protocol for redundancy. There have been a number of ideas to also use the Ethereum validator set, and perhaps even the Ethereum social consensus, for other purposes.


id: vitalik-halo
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-halo
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4257
sentence: 194
flesch: 67
cache: cache/vitalik-halo.html
txt: txt/vitalik-halo.txt
summary:
  ZK-SNARKs are based on checking equations where the elements going into the equations are mathematical abstractions like polynomials or in rank-1 constraint systems. Merkle trees, regular elliptic curves with pairings and trusted setup and IPA-based schemes lead to bulletproofs.


id: blog-frontier-is-coming-what-to-expect-and-how-to-prepare
author: blog
title: blog-frontier-is-coming-what-to-expect-and-how-to-prepare
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1469
sentence: 67
flesch: 62
cache: cache/blog-frontier-is-coming-what-to-expect-and-how-to-prepare.html
txt: txt/blog-frontier-is-coming-what-to-expect-and-how-to-prepare.txt
summary:
  Frontier is the first milestone in the release of the Ethereum project. It's intended for technical users, specifically developers. It will be followed by 'Homestead', 'Metropolis' and 'Serenity' throughout the coming year, each adding new features.


author: blog
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 345
sentence: 8
flesch: 22
id:
  blog-security-alert-implementation-bug-in-go-clients-causing-increase-in-difficulty-fixed-miners-check-and-update-go-clients-if-necessary

title:
  blog-security-alert-implementation-bug-in-go-clients-causing-increase-in-difficulty-fixed-miners-check-and-update-go-clients-if-necessary

summary:
  A bug in the Go client leads to a steady increase in difficulty independent of hashing power. Miners running earlier versions of Go are affected and advised to update as soon as possible. The bug was fixed in a recent update and release through commit.

cache:
  cache/blog-security-alert-implementation-bug-in-go-clients-causing-increase-in-difficulty-fixed-miners-check-and-update-go-clients-if-necessary.html

txt:
  txt/blog-security-alert-implementation-bug-in-go-clients-causing-increase-in-difficulty-fixed-miners-check-and-update-go-clients-if-necessary.txt


id: blog-conference-alpha-testnet-and-ether-pre-sale-updates
author: blog
title: blog-conference-alpha-testnet-and-ether-pre-sale-updates
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 519
sentence: 18
flesch: 43
cache: cache/blog-conference-alpha-testnet-and-ether-pre-sale-updates.html
txt: txt/blog-conference-alpha-testnet-and-ether-pre-sale-updates.txt
summary:
  Ether pre-sale has been postponed to February 1st, and the alpha release of the open source testnet client will be announced at the beginning of February. The testnet will include full support for sending and receiving transactions. 


id: vitalik-maximalist
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-maximalist
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3346
sentence: 132
flesch: 57
cache: cache/vitalik-maximalist.html
txt: txt/vitalik-maximalist.txt
summary:
  The future of the world won't be one major cryptocurrency, but many. Bitcoin is a boomer coin and soon will be followed by Ethereum. Mass users won't care about weird libertarian ideology or "self-sovereign verification". Mass users will be turned off by toxicity and anti-government mentality. Bitcoin maximalists understand that they are operating in a hostile and uncertain world.


id: vitalik-sharding
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-sharding
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4689
sentence: 173
flesch: 58
cache: cache/vitalik-sharding.html
txt: txt/vitalik-sharding.txt
summary:
  Sharding is the future of the scalability of the Ethereum platform. It is a concept that is misunderstood in the ecosystem. It has three properties: scalability, decentralization and security. Sharding has only two of the three properties.


id: vitalik-zkmulticlient
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-zkmulticlient
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3143
sentence: 113
flesch: 57
cache: cache/vitalik-zkmulticlient.html
txt: txt/vitalik-zkmulticlient.txt
summary:
  Ethereum's multi-client philosophy is important to the security and decentralization of the network. ZK-EVMs will become a third type of client in the future. SNARKs proving EVM execution have been under development for years and are already being used by layer 2 protocols called ZK rollups.


id: blog-security-advisory-implementations-bugs-in-go-and-python-clients-can-cause-dos
author: blog
title: blog-security-advisory-implementations-bugs-in-go-and-python-clients-can-cause-dos
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 414
sentence: 16
flesch: 43
cache: cache/blog-security-advisory-implementations-bugs-in-go-and-python-clients-can-cause-dos.html
txt: txt/blog-security-advisory-implementations-bugs-in-go-and-python-clients-can-cause-dos.txt
summary:
  There are implementation bugs in Go and Python clients that cause DoS. The current stable version of Go-ethereum (geth) is 1.1.1, but if you are running 1.0 and using a package manager such as apt-get or homebrew the client will be upgraded.


id: blog-the-end-of-the-beginning
author: blog
title: blog-the-end-of-the-beginning
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 610
sentence: 22
flesch: 51
cache: cache/blog-the-end-of-the-beginning.html
txt: txt/blog-the-end-of-the-beginning.txt
summary:
  As part of the tiered release process, we will soon be beginning the final phase prior to Frontier release. Proof-of-Concept IX testnet has been running smoothly for around a month with dozens of nodes around the world, well over 200,000 blocks and clients on several platforms. The usage of the PoC-IX testnet will be incentivised through a collection of prizes in ether.


id: blog-ethereum-messaging-masses-including-fathers-via-infographic
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-messaging-masses-including-fathers-via-infographic
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 941
sentence: 37
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-messaging-masses-including-fathers-via-infographic.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-messaging-masses-including-fathers-via-infographic.txt
summary:
  Anthony Di Iorio started evangelizing bitcoin and blockchain tech back in 2012. His father didn't understand the technology at the time, but he eventually came around. Anthony dropped everything in late 2013 and started bootstrapping the project with his co-founders Vitalik, Mihai, and Charles.


id: blog-ethereum-foundation-is-hiring-an-executive-director
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-foundation-is-hiring-an-executive-director
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 411
sentence: 16
flesch: 24
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-foundation-is-hiring-an-executive-director.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-foundation-is-hiring-an-executive-director.txt
summary:
  Ethereum Foundation is hiring an Executive Director. The successful candidate will have significant experience in corporate finance activities and/or operations. The Director will interact with and support several different divisions engaged in software development, communications and community outreach activities. 


id: blog-vitaliks-research-and-ecosystem-update
author: blog
title: blog-vitaliks-research-and-ecosystem-update
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1709
sentence: 37
flesch: 30
cache: cache/blog-vitaliks-research-and-ecosystem-update.html
txt: txt/blog-vitaliks-research-and-ecosystem-update.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has been visiting China and Hong Kong for a series of back-to-back conferences and events including the "First Global Blockchain Summit" in Shanghai organized by Wanxiang on Oct 15-16. He and others from the Ethereum team and other projects and businesses including Maker, String/Dfinity and Consensys have been visiting them.


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 412
sentence: 8
flesch: 41
cache: cache/vitalik-networkstates_zhCN.html
txt: txt/vitalik-networkstates_zhCN.txt
summary:
  Roy, Zik, Balaji Srinivasan, Greenpill, and Dark Mode Toggle are the people who have commented on the posts so far. The date of the last post is Jul 13th 2022.   


id: blog-how-to-build-your-own-cryptocurrency
author: blog
title: blog-how-to-build-your-own-cryptocurrency
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1440
sentence: 57
flesch: 70
cache: cache/blog-how-to-build-your-own-cryptocurrency.html
txt: txt/blog-how-to-build-your-own-cryptocurrency.txt
summary:
  Alex Van de Sande is the lead designer on the Ethereum foundation. He gives an overview of the tools they've built and how you can use them to build interesting things right now. Alex is working on bringing the Ethereum ecosystem to the next tier of users.


id: blog-ethereum-comms-announcement
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-comms-announcement
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 458
sentence: 15
flesch: 32
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-comms-announcement.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-comms-announcement.txt
summary:
  The foundation is in the phase of restructuring its communications activities. It will de-emphasize Skype and emphasize Gitter as a means of real-time communication for developers. The primary active Gitter rooms are:https://gitter.im/ethereum/cpp-ethereu,    and  


id: blog-security-alert-insecurely-configured-geth-can-make-funds-remotely-accessible
author: blog
title: blog-security-alert-insecurely-configured-geth-can-make-funds-remotely-accessible
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 489
sentence: 21
flesch: 47
cache: cache/blog-security-alert-insecurely-configured-geth-can-make-funds-remotely-accessible.html
txt: txt/blog-security-alert-insecurely-configured-geth-can-make-funds-remotely-accessible.txt
summary:
  Insecurely configured Geth clients with no firewall and unlocked accounts can lead to funds being accessed remotely by attackers. The issue has been reported for C++ and Python, but only for nodes which leave the JSON-RPC port open to an attacker.


id: blog-final-steps
author: blog
title: blog-final-steps
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1369
sentence: 48
flesch: 54
cache: cache/blog-final-steps.html
txt: txt/blog-final-steps.txt
summary:
  All systems are now 'Go' on the technical side and Frontier will be released this week. Users will need to generate, then load the Genesis block into their Ethereum client. The Genesis block contains all the transactions from the Ether sale and represents the first step to consensus.


id: vitalik-cryptoai
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-cryptoai
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4604
sentence: 153
flesch: 54
cache: cache/vitalik-cryptoai.html
txt: txt/vitalik-cryptoai.txt
summary:
  In the last three years, there has been a rise of powerful AI and the rise of more powerful crypto. There are some promising applications of AI inside of the blockchain ecosystems, but it is important to be careful about how the AI is applied.


id: blog-ethereum-dev-update-2015-week-44
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-dev-update-2015-week-44
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 414
sentence: 20
flesch: 48
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-dev-update-2015-week-44.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-dev-update-2015-week-44.txt
summary:
  Etherum released 1.0.0 of the C++ tools. Several Mix bugs have been fixed and the team is working on improving on the build/release process. Pyethapp is continuing to move forward. Swarm accounting & incentive mechanisms are being finalized. Initial integration of Swarm with IPFS as data store is beginning in the clients. New network protocols supporting fast sync are maturing and will be basis for future light clients. Devcon is a week away.


id: blog-the-thawing-frontier
author: blog
title: blog-the-thawing-frontier
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 795
sentence: 33
flesch: 60
cache: cache/blog-the-thawing-frontier.html
txt: txt/blog-the-thawing-frontier.txt
summary:
  The network will switch epoch in 2 hours and the 5k gas limit per block will be lifted within the next few days. AMD cards will require GPU_MAX_ALLOC_PERCENT=95 to support the larger DAG size.


id: blog-frontier-first-100k-blocks
author: blog
title: blog-frontier-first-100k-blocks
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 736
sentence: 29
flesch: 66
cache: cache/blog-frontier-first-100k-blocks.html
txt: txt/blog-frontier-first-100k-blocks.txt
summary:
   Frontier passed it's 100,000th block earlier this week. First 50 blocks took 29 seconds, then 31 and 29 seconds for the next couple of blocks. After the first few hundred blocks, the difficulty adjustment algorithm is catching up. Biggest miners in first 100 blocks were 0.81% of the block size.


id: blog-ethereum-dev
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-dev
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 690
sentence: 19
flesch: 26
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-dev.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-dev.txt
summary:
  Etihad ÐΞV asks Gavin Wood about the development of a new, robust, quasi-Turing-complete blockchain, known as "Ethernet". Gavin explains what they are doing at the moment. 


id: blog-merkling-in-ethereum
author: blog
title: blog-merkling-in-ethereum
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1843
sentence: 63
flesch: 59
cache: cache/blog-merkling-in-ethereum.html
txt: txt/blog-merkling-in-ethereum.txt
summary:
  Merkle trees are a fundamental part of what makes blockchains tick. Thanks to Merkle trees it is possible to build Ethereum nodes that run on all computers and laptops large and small, smart phones, and even internet of things devices such as those produced by Slock.it.


id: blog-the-problem-of-censorship
author: blog
title: blog-the-problem-of-censorship
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3161
sentence: 93
flesch: 47
cache: cache/blog-the-problem-of-censorship.html
txt: txt/blog-the-problem-of-censorship.txt
summary:
  The Problem of Censorship in decentralized cryptoeconomic systems is a necessary property in order to secure the effective operation of a number of different financial protocols. Vitalik Buterin wrote a blog post on the topic for the E.E.F. blog.


id: blog-a-few-last-minute-notes
author: blog
title: blog-a-few-last-minute-notes
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 366
sentence: 15
flesch: 57
cache: cache/blog-a-few-last-minute-notes.html
txt: txt/blog-a-few-last-minute-notes.txt
summary:
  Genesis is 4 hours away. All clients are functional on all platforms and build to completion. It will take 10-1000 blocks before the network stabilises. Don't reuse keys from Olympic, especially if you are expecting Olympic rewards. If you have 'won' something, it will get sent to B on Frontier. Difficulty will start at 2.34.


id: blog-introducing-ethereum-script-2-0
author: blog
title: blog-introducing-ethereum-script-2-0
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3742
sentence: 172
flesch: 68
cache: cache/blog-introducing-ethereum-script-2-0.html
txt: txt/blog-introducing-ethereum-script-2-0.txt
summary:
  Introducing the new version of the Ethereum scripting language, called "Ethereum Script 2.0". Vitalik Buterin is working on a major rework of the language. The CLL will stay the same as it is now.


id: blog-ethereum-in-practice-part-3-how-to-build-your-own-transparent-bank-on-the-blockchain
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-in-practice-part-3-how-to-build-your-own-transparent-bank-on-the-blockchain
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1175
sentence: 47
flesch: 63
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-in-practice-part-3-how-to-build-your-own-transparent-bank-on-the-blockchain.txt
summary:
  This is the third and final post on a series on how to use the Ethereum Wallet to create autonomous organisations. In the first post we detailed how to create a token, and on the second we shown how to generate a digital democracy controlled by these tokens. Now we are going to modify the token contract to allow it to be minted by your DAO.

cache:
  cache/blog-ethereum-in-practice-part-3-how-to-build-your-own-transparent-bank-on-the-blockchain.html


id: blog-olympic-rewards-announced
author: blog
title: blog-olympic-rewards-announced
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 499
sentence: 14
flesch: 50
cache: cache/blog-olympic-rewards-announced.html
txt: txt/blog-olympic-rewards-announced.txt
summary:
  Olympic Rewards Announced by Vitalik Buterin on August 26, 2015. Top miners for blocks 300000-1000000 are entitled to receive 0.5 ETH per block. Top senders for blocks 600-1,000 get 250 ETH.


id: blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i
author: blog
title: blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2105
sentence: 75
flesch: 49
cache: cache/blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i.html
txt: txt/blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i.txt
summary:
  Bootstrapping A Decentralized Autonomous Corporation: Part I was written by Vitalik Buterin on December 31, 2013. It is a discussion of the difference between a corporation and a human being. It also raises the question whether we really need people.


id: blog-on-abstraction
author: blog
title: blog-on-abstraction
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4193
sentence: 151
flesch: 57
cache: cache/blog-on-abstraction.html
txt: txt/blog-on-abstraction.txt
summary:
  On Abstraction is a blog post by Vitalik Buterin, the founder of the Ethereum Foundation. It explains some of the reasons behind the development of the platform.    It also discusses some technical issues with the system. 


id: blog-jeffs-ethereum-dev-update
author: blog
title: blog-jeffs-ethereum-dev-update
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1033
sentence: 48
flesch: 67
cache: cache/blog-jeffs-ethereum-dev-update.html
txt: txt/blog-jeffs-ethereum-dev-update.txt
summary:
  Jeff Wilcke is a founder of the Ethereum Foundation and one of the three directors of the development entity building the protocol and the associated tech. He's been looking for a suitable office space to host the Amsterdam Hub for 2 months. Maran will do all he can to find the best place for the Ams hub and the development of Mist. 


id: blog-gavs-dev-update-iii
author: blog
title: blog-gavs-dev-update-iii
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1287
sentence: 45
flesch: 57
cache: cache/blog-gavs-dev-update-iii.html
txt: txt/blog-gavs-dev-update-iii.txt
summary:
  Gavin Wood is a co-founder of the Ethereum Foundation and one of the three directors of the Eth Dev, the NFP organisation that is managing the development (under contract from ETH Suisse) of the ETH blockchain. Gavin is sitting on an immaculate couch that has been zapped forward in time from the 1960s in the room that will become the heart of the C ++ Ethereum development operation. Anneka Rice, Sarah O'Neill and Roland are working around the clock to get the room ready for ÐΞVcon-0, their first developer symposium.


id: blog-programming-society-with-asm-gavin-wood-at-assembly-2014
author: blog
title: blog-programming-society-with-asm-gavin-wood-at-assembly-2014
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 123
sentence: 4
flesch: 24
cache: cache/blog-programming-society-with-asm-gavin-wood-at-assembly-2014.html
txt: txt/blog-programming-society-with-asm-gavin-wood-at-assembly-2014.txt
summary:
  Programming Society with Asm: Gavin Wood at Assembly 2014 is on the blog of the E.E.F.C. Foundation. Sign up to receive email notifications for protocol-related announcements, such as network upgrades, FAQs or security issues.


id: blog-on-public-and-private-blockchains
author: blog
title: blog-on-public-and-private-blockchains
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1888
sentence: 51
flesch: 39
cache: cache/blog-on-public-and-private-blockchains.html
txt: txt/blog-on-public-and-private-blockchains.txt
summary:
  On August 7, 2015 Vitalik Buterin wrote a blog post on the topic of public and private blockchains. He explains the difference between the two types of blockchains and explains the practical differences between them. He also explains the differences between the three types of database applications.


id: blog-more-uncle-statistics
author: blog
title: blog-more-uncle-statistics
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1652
sentence: 44
flesch: 52
cache: cache/blog-more-uncle-statistics.html
txt: txt/blog-more-uncle-statistics.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has collected uncle statistics for the first 280,000 blocks of the Ethereum blockchain. Uncle rates are low compared to Olympic. Larger miners have lower uncle rates. Uncle mechanic works with base block rewards only, not transaction fees.


id: blog-olympic-frontier-pre-release
author: blog
title: blog-olympic-frontier-pre-release
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1171
sentence: 34
flesch: 49
cache: cache/blog-olympic-frontier-pre-release.html
txt: txt/blog-olympic-frontier-pre-release.txt
summary:
  Olympic is the ninth and last in the Proof-of-Concept IX series of the Ether-based protocols. The purpose of Olympic is to reward people who try to test the limits of the Ethereum blockchain during the pre-release period, spamming the network with transactions and doing crazy things with the state. There will be a total prize fund of up to 25,000 ether.


id: blog-understanding-serenity-part-2-casper
author: blog
title: blog-understanding-serenity-part-2-casper
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4074
sentence: 105
flesch: 48
cache: cache/blog-understanding-serenity-part-2-casper.html
txt: txt/blog-understanding-serenity-part-2-casper.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin explains the Casper proof of stake algorithm that is a key feature of the Serenity protocol. It is a new philosophy in the field of public economic consensus. It allows validators to bet against the protocol on which blocks are going to be finalized.


id: blog-know-ethereum-secure
author: blog
title: blog-know-ethereum-secure
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1076
sentence: 43
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-know-ethereum-secure.html
txt: txt/blog-know-ethereum-secure.txt
summary:
  Jutta Steiner joined the team at the end of last year to manage the security audit of the protocols, clients and p2p-network of the Ethereum network. The audit started with the development of a general strategy for ensuring maximum security for the project. The analyses of the new protocols and algorithms covered topics like the security of the gas economics, ASIC-resistant proof of work puzzle and economic incentivisation of mining nodes.


id: blog-on-slow-and-fast-block-times
author: blog
title: blog-on-slow-and-fast-block-times
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2789
sentence: 80
flesch: 49
cache: cache/blog-on-slow-and-fast-block-times.html
txt: txt/blog-on-slow-and-fast-block-times.txt
summary:
  On Slow and Fast Block Times, Vitalik Buterin explains why fast block times are desirable for the security of the blockchain. Centralization risks are the main reason not to push block times down to 1 second despite the benefits.


id: blog-ethereum-builders-supercharging-github
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-builders-supercharging-github
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2234
sentence: 91
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-builders-supercharging-github.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-builders-supercharging-github.txt
summary:
  Mihai Alisie is vice president of the Ethereum Foundation and director of the ETH Switzerland. He has been researching and testing a number of collaborative tools in the last few months. He thinks there is a lot of untapped potential in the community, but the lack of a streamlined collaboration system makes it difficult for people to focus on their ideas.


id: blog-devcon-0-recap
author: blog
title: blog-devcon-0-recap
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2426
sentence: 103
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-devcon-0-recap.html
txt: txt/blog-devcon-0-recap.txt
summary:
  ÐΞVcon-0 kicked off on Monday 24th November in Kreuzberg, Berlin. Gavin Wood delivered the first presentation on the mission of the organization: "Welcome! Our mission: ÐApps". Stephan Tual gave a talk on the important role of the UK based communications team in building the community. 


id: blog-ether-sale-a-statistical-overview
author: blog
title: blog-ether-sale-a-statistical-overview
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1398
sentence: 36
flesch: 43
cache: cache/blog-ether-sale-a-statistical-overview.html
txt: txt/blog-ether-sale-a-statistical-overview.txt
summary:
  The first two weeks of the ether sale are over and we have received over 25,000 BTC from selling over 50 million ETH. This marks the largest cryptographic token sale to date. A total of 6670 transactions have been made, with values ranging from the minimum 0.01 BTC to a high of 500 BTC. The percentage of all BTC stored in multisig has shot up from 0.23% to 0.41% over the last two weeks.


id: vitalik-neoplasma
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-neoplasma
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2459
sentence: 103
flesch: 65
cache: cache/vitalik-neoplasma.html
txt: txt/vitalik-neoplasma.txt
summary:
  Plasma is a class of blockchain scaling solutions that allow all data and computation to be kept off-chain. The advent of validity proofs (aka ZK-SNARKs) gives us a reason to rethink the decision to supersede Plasma.


id: blog-bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world
author: blog
title: blog-bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3309
sentence: 118
flesch: 52
summary:
  Bootstrapping An Autonomous Decentralized Corporation, Part 2: Interacting With the World is a blog post by Vitalik Buterin. In the first part of this series, Vitalik talked about how the internet allows us to create decentralized corporations. In practice, the challenge is how to interact with the world around them.

cache:
  cache/blog-bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world.html

txt:
  txt/blog-bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world.txt


id: blog-ethereum-project-update
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-project-update
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 504
sentence: 22
flesch: 47
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-project-update.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-project-update.txt
summary:
  The development of the software platform for the Ethereum project is on track. The 5th installment of the proof of concept series will be released soon. The core activities include attention to legalities in different jurisdictions regarding the pre-sale, development and testing of the hot/cold wallet system, and development and tests of the sale web site.


id: blog-visions-part-1-the-value-of-blockchain-technology
author: blog
title: blog-visions-part-1-the-value-of-blockchain-technology
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4664
sentence: 131
flesch: 45
cache: cache/blog-visions-part-1-the-value-of-blockchain-technology.html
txt: txt/blog-visions-part-1-the-value-of-blockchain-technology.txt
summary:
  Visions, Part 1: The Value of Blockchains, is a blog post by Vitalik Buterin. Vitalik believes there will be no "killer app" for blockchain technology, because there is no low-hanging fruit.


id: blog-devgrants-help
author: blog
title: blog-devgrants-help
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1146
sentence: 56
flesch: 51
cache: cache/blog-devgrants-help.html
txt: txt/blog-devgrants-help.txt
summary:
  ÐΞVgrants is a new program that offers funding for contributions to both the Ethereum platform and projects based on it. Its goals are to provide developers interested in contributing to the ecosystem the opportunity to spend significant time on their project.


id: blog-launching-the-ether-sale
author: blog
title: blog-launching-the-ether-sale
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1430
sentence: 64
flesch: 56
cache: cache/blog-launching-the-ether-sale.html
txt: txt/blog-launching-the-ether-sale.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin thanks the community for their patience regarding the launch of the ether sale. The team has been promising the sale would arise in two weeks for six months. In the intervening six months, they have been working on the development of the clients and the protocol.


id: blog-another-ethereum-dev-update
author: blog
title: blog-another-ethereum-dev-update
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1683
sentence: 56
flesch: 53
cache: cache/blog-another-ethereum-dev-update.html
txt: txt/blog-another-ethereum-dev-update.txt
summary:
  Gavin Wood is in Shanghai. He's been in Asia with Marek for the last couple of weeks. They've seen the release, struggle and survival of the Olympic testnet and the beginning of the second external Go audit. Marek and Konstantin both provide substantial technical support for exchanges. 


id: blog-introducing-casper-friendly-ghost
author: blog
title: blog-introducing-casper-friendly-ghost
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2538
sentence: 102
flesch: 49
cache: cache/blog-introducing-casper-friendly-ghost.html
txt: txt/blog-introducing-casper-friendly-ghost.txt
summary:
  Vlad Zamfir has been working on the analysis and specification of the “proof-of-stake” blockchain architecture since September 2014. Vlad and Vitalik haven't agreed on all the details of the spec, but they have consensus on many properties of the proof of stake protocol. Formal verification and simulation of Casper’s properties is under way.


id: blog-how-to-make-a-purchase-in-the-ether-presale
author: blog
title: blog-how-to-make-a-purchase-in-the-ether-presale
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 950
sentence: 39
flesch: 52
cache: cache/blog-how-to-make-a-purchase-in-the-ether-presale.html
txt: txt/blog-how-to-make-a-purchase-in-the-ether-presale.txt
summary:
  Ether pre-sale is an HTML/JavaScript web application that enables people and organizations to pre-purchase ether tokens with bitcoin. It will be displayed on the website at https://www.ethereum.org for the duration of the sale.


id: blog-the-ethereum-project
author: blog
title: blog-the-ethereum-project
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1288
sentence: 55
flesch: 60
cache: cache/blog-the-ethereum-project.html
txt: txt/blog-the-ethereum-project.txt
summary:
  Mihai Alisie explains the ethos and motivation behind the project as a whole: the e.g. the ethereum project: learning to dream with open minds. The project started as an idea in Vitalik’s mind and has expanded into thousands of minds around the world thanks to the Internet. 


id: blog-the-xbox-and-ethereums-dual-mandate
author: blog
title: blog-the-xbox-and-ethereums-dual-mandate
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1457
sentence: 56
flesch: 45
cache: cache/blog-the-xbox-and-ethereums-dual-mandate.html
txt: txt/blog-the-xbox-and-ethereums-dual-mandate.txt
summary:
  Joseph Lubin explains the need to build and launch an ecosystem on Genesis Day. On the day of the genesis block, many of the elements of the ecosystem will be in place, including the core infrastructure, mining network, user app browser and applications.


id: blog-gavs-dev-update-ethereums
author: blog
title: blog-gavs-dev-update-ethereums
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2803
sentence: 102
flesch: 54
cache: cache/blog-gavs-dev-update-ethereums.html
txt: txt/blog-gavs-dev-update-ethereums.txt
summary:
  Gavin Wood is one third of the leadership of the organization that is responsible for the development of the Web Three software stack. Gavin is based in Zug, Switzerland, but has been involved most recently in putting together the Berlin side of things.


id: blog-the-issuance-model-in-ethereum
author: blog
title: blog-the-issuance-model-in-ethereum
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1039
sentence: 46
flesch: 59
cache: cache/blog-the-issuance-model-in-ethereum.html
txt: txt/blog-the-issuance-model-in-ethereum.txt
summary:
  Ether (ETH) is a currency that powers distributed applications on the Ethereum platform. It will be issued at a constant annual linear rate via the block mining process. The rate of growth of the monetary base (monetary inflation) is not constant, so ETH is disinflationary.


id: blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-iv
author: blog
title: blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-iv
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1099
sentence: 42
flesch: 58
cache: cache/blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-iv.html
txt: txt/blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-iv.txt
summary:
  Gavin Wood has updated his blog with the latest update of his research and development project, the Ethereum Foundation. Since the last update, a lot has happened, including the release of the website ethdev.com. Gavin has been between Switzerland, the UK and Berlin. 


id: blog-scalability-part-1-building-top
author: blog
title: blog-scalability-part-1-building-top
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3049
sentence: 111
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-scalability-part-1-building-top.html
txt: txt/blog-scalability-part-1-building-top.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin is going to write a series of posts on scalability of the Ethereum network. He will discuss the fundamental problem with scalability and introduce solutions to specific problems. In later posts, he will discuss further generalizations of such mechanisms and apply them to the whole network.


id: blog-why-not-just-use-x-an-instructive-example-from-bitcoin
author: blog
title: blog-why-not-just-use-x-an-instructive-example-from-bitcoin
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 759
sentence: 25
flesch: 45
cache: cache/blog-why-not-just-use-x-an-instructive-example-from-bitcoin.html
txt: txt/blog-why-not-just-use-x-an-instructive-example-from-bitcoin.txt
summary:
  There is a design flaw in the Bitcoin protocol where it's possible for a third party to take a valid transaction of yours and mutate it in a way which leaves it valid and functionally identical but with a different transaction ID. OpenSSL accepts and makes sense of signatures with invalid encodings.


id: blog-information-theoretic-account-secure-brainwallets
author: blog
title: blog-information-theoretic-account-secure-brainwallets
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4082
sentence: 153
flesch: 59
cache: cache/blog-information-theoretic-account-secure-brainwallets.html
txt: txt/blog-information-theoretic-account-secure-brainwallets.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a blog post on the topic of "brainwallets". Brainwallets store funds using a private key generated from a password memorized entirely in one's head. The challenge is to create a brainwallet that is simultaneously memorable and secure.


id: blog-proof-stake-learned-love-weak-subjectivity
author: blog
title: blog-proof-stake-learned-love-weak-subjectivity
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3691
sentence: 110
flesch: 52
cache: cache/blog-proof-stake-learned-love-weak-subjectivity.html
txt: txt/blog-proof-stake-learned-love-weak-subjectivity.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin explains the benefits of proof of stake in a blog post for the R&D department of the Ethereum Foundation. He also explains the disadvantages of the proof of work-based alternatives to proof of stake. 


id: vitalik-story
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-story
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1158
sentence: 55
flesch: 71
cache: cache/vitalik-story.html
txt: txt/vitalik-story.txt
summary:
  Alice is in the basement. She thinks about the old days when voting in the World Collective Market was easy. Now it's not as easy, but it's still worth it, because of the billions of dollars in donations from now-deceased billionaires and preminers.


id: blog-search-stable-cryptocurrency
author: blog
title: blog-search-stable-cryptocurrency
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5011
sentence: 145
flesch: 50
cache: cache/blog-search-stable-cryptocurrency.html
txt: txt/blog-search-stable-cryptocurrency.txt
summary:
  The Search for a Stable Cryptocurrency is a research topic for Vitalik Buterin. The research will likely go into either subcurrencies or independent blockchains. In the past 11 months Bitcoin holders have lost 67% of their wealth.


id: blog-daos-are-not-scary-part-2-reducing-barriers
author: blog
title: blog-daos-are-not-scary-part-2-reducing-barriers
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1837
sentence: 62
flesch: 53
cache: cache/blog-daos-are-not-scary-part-2-reducing-barriers.html
txt: txt/blog-daos-are-not-scary-part-2-reducing-barriers.txt
summary:
  DAOs Are Not Scary, Part 2: Reducing Barriers is a blog post from the R&D blog of Vitalik Buterin. In the last installment of this series, Vitalik talked about what smart contracts are and the two main mechanisms through which they can have “force”: smart property and “factum” currencies. He also discussed the limits of smart contracts and how a smart contract-enabled legal system might use a combination of human judgement and automatic execution to achieve the best possible outcomes. This article and the next will tackle the tough questions that this article intends to tackle.


id: blog-ether-purchase-troubleshooting
author: blog
title: blog-ether-purchase-troubleshooting
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 689
sentence: 47
flesch: 67
cache: cache/blog-ether-purchase-troubleshooting.html
txt: txt/blog-ether-purchase-troubleshooting.txt
summary:
  Ether Purchase Troubleshooting is a blog post by Vitalik Buterin. It explains how to solve problems with the purchase of ether using a Python script. It also explains the most common potential issues with the ether purchase.


id: blog-inside-ethereum-devhub-berlin
author: blog
title: blog-inside-ethereum-devhub-berlin
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 179
sentence: 5
flesch: 28
cache: cache/blog-inside-ethereum-devhub-berlin.html
txt: txt/blog-inside-ethereum-devhub-berlin.txt
summary:
  Yesterday was the first proper day of VHub Berlin being open. Gavin Wood has posted a few pictures from inside the place to gauge the mood here. Henning, Marek, Viktor, Felix, Aeron, Brian, Alex, Jutta, and the rest of the team are hacking in the lab.


id: vitalik-cantor
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-cantor
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 541
sentence: 28
flesch: 67
cache: cache/vitalik-cantor.html
txt: txt/vitalik-cantor.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin, PhD at University of Basel, has written a post debunking Cantor's theory about the infinite hierarchy of infinity in mathematics. He explains that there is no such a hierarchy and that Cantor's diagonal is false.


id: blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-ii
author: blog
title: blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-ii
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 952
sentence: 39
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-ii.html
txt: txt/blog-gavs-ethereum-dev-update-ii.txt
summary:
  Gavin Wood is the founder of the Ethereum Foundation and one of the three directors of the development entity building the technology. He spent the last week at his home in Zug, Switzerland. He has been working on Whisper, a secure identity-based communications protocol. Sarah has been busy with the builders getting the hub in Berlin ready.


id: blog-secret-sharing-daos-crypto-2-0
author: blog
title: blog-secret-sharing-daos-crypto-2-0
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 6115
sentence: 228
flesch: 58
cache: cache/blog-secret-sharing-daos-crypto-2-0.html
txt: txt/blog-secret-sharing-daos-crypto-2-0.txt
summary:
  Secret Sharing DAOs: The Other Crypto 2.0 is a blog post by Vitalik Buterin. The industry has been making progress in the past year developing blockchain technology. Bitcoin brings a unique set of tradeoffs with respect to financial privacy.


id: blog-on-long-term-cryptocurrency-distribution-models
author: blog
title: blog-on-long-term-cryptocurrency-distribution-models
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3341
sentence: 111
flesch: 53
cache: cache/blog-on-long-term-cryptocurrency-distribution-models.html
txt: txt/blog-on-long-term-cryptocurrency-distribution-models.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a blog post on long-term cryptocurrency distribution models. The issue is still in its early stages of discussion. Long-term distribution in nearly every cryptocurrency now follows one of two strategies: nothing at all or mining.


id: blog-the-latest-evm-ethereum-is-a-trust-free-closure-system
author: blog
title: blog-the-latest-evm-ethereum-is-a-trust-free-closure-system
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2180
sentence: 89
flesch: 59
cache: cache/blog-the-latest-evm-ethereum-is-a-trust-free-closure-system.html
txt: txt/blog-the-latest-evm-ethereum-is-a-trust-free-closure-system.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin and Gavin Wood have been meeting with the local community in San Francisco and Silicon Valley in the past two weeks. They agree on a large array of changes that will be integrated into the PoC 3.5 clients. 


id: blog-state-tree-pruning
author: blog
title: blog-state-tree-pruning
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1794
sentence: 47
flesch: 52
cache: cache/blog-state-tree-pruning.html
txt: txt/blog-state-tree-pruning.txt
summary:
  The amount of data in each client's blockchain folder has ballooned to 10-40 gigabytes in the last month. This is due to the fact that users are incentivized to dump transactions on the blockchain paying only the free testether as a transaction fee.


id: blog-ethereum-scalability-and-decentralization-updates
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-scalability-and-decentralization-updates
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2177
sentence: 71
flesch: 58
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-scalability-and-decentralization-updates.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-scalability-and-decentralization-updates.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a blog post on the topic of scalability and decentralization in the cryptocurrency. The Bitcoin blockchain is currently over 12 GB in size and it takes several days for a new bitcoind node to fully synchronize. The block size limit currently puts a cap on the growth of the Bitcoin network.


id: blog-announcement-on-planned-exodus-withdrawal
author: blog
title: blog-announcement-on-planned-exodus-withdrawal
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 754
sentence: 19
flesch: 34
cache: cache/blog-announcement-on-planned-exodus-withdrawal.html
txt: txt/blog-announcement-on-planned-exodus-withdrawal.txt
summary:
  The first two weeks of the ether sale are over. Over 50 million ETH has been sold. Vitalik Buterin will withdraw 4150 BTC from the exodus address within the next 48 hours. The rest of the money will be used to pay for loans for prior expenses.


id: blog-decentralized-protocol-monetization-and-forks
author: blog
title: blog-decentralized-protocol-monetization-and-forks
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3470
sentence: 95
flesch: 42
cache: cache/blog-decentralized-protocol-monetization-and-forks.html
txt: txt/blog-decentralized-protocol-monetization-and-forks.txt
summary:
  Decentralized Protocol Monetization and Forks is a blog post written by Vitalik Buterin from the R&D department of the Ethereum Foundation. It explains how to create internal assets and sell them to pay for the development of the protocol.


id: blog-visions-part-2-the-problem-of-trust
author: blog
title: blog-visions-part-2-the-problem-of-trust
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4547
sentence: 128
flesch: 49
cache: cache/blog-visions-part-2-the-problem-of-trust.html
txt: txt/blog-visions-part-2-the-problem-of-trust.txt
summary:
  Visions, Part 2: The Problem of Trust is a blog post by Vitalik Buterin from the R&D department of the Ethereum Foundation. It's about the "trust problem" of cryptocurrencies and blockchains. 


id: blog-daos-dacs-das-and-more-an-incomplete-terminology-guide
author: blog
title: blog-daos-dacs-das-and-more-an-incomplete-terminology-guide
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3644
sentence: 120
flesch: 49
cache: cache/blog-daos-dacs-das-and-more-an-incomplete-terminology-guide.html
txt: txt/blog-daos-dacs-das-and-more-an-incomplete-terminology-guide.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin is beta-testing a new term for the concept of decentralized autonomous entities (DAOs) in the digital consensus space. There are a number of groups getting involved in the space, including Bitshares, Invictus Innovations, BitAngels and David Johnston. There is a lack of clear terminology in the field. 


id: blog-introduction-futarchy
author: blog
title: blog-introduction-futarchy
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4956
sentence: 154
flesch: 49
cache: cache/blog-introduction-futarchy.html
txt: txt/blog-introduction-futarchy.txt
summary:
  An Introduction to Futarchy is posted on the Etherum Foundation blog by Vitalik Buterin. Futarchy was originally proposed by economist Robin Hanson as a futuristic form of government. Under it, people would vote on a metric to determine how well their country (or charity or company) is doing, and then prediction markets would be used to pick the policies that best optimize the metric.


id: blog-software-bounded-rationality
author: blog
title: blog-software-bounded-rationality
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5339
sentence: 163
flesch: 51
cache: cache/blog-software-bounded-rationality.html
txt: txt/blog-software-bounded-rationality.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a blog post on Software and Bounded Rationality for the Foundation blog. He explains that the ideal of incentive-compatibility in a cryptoeconomic algorithm is the idea that it should be in everyone's economic interest to follow the protocol.


id: blog-advanced-contract-programming-example-schellingcoin
author: blog
title: blog-advanced-contract-programming-example-schellingcoin
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3879
sentence: 138
flesch: 59
cache: cache/blog-advanced-contract-programming-example-schellingcoin.html
txt: txt/blog-advanced-contract-programming-example-schellingcoin.txt
summary:
  In this article Vitalik Buterin goes through a contract that is an important component of a fully decentralized cryptoeconomic ecosystem: a decentralized oracle. The contract is written in a high-level programming language like Serpent or Mutan and backed by a full blockchain.


id: blog-ethereum-foundation-open-call-re-board-selection
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-foundation-open-call-re-board-selection
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 762
sentence: 19
flesch: 28
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-foundation-open-call-re-board-selection.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-foundation-open-call-re-board-selection.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood and Jeffrey Wilcke are looking for new board members for the board of directors of the Stiftung Ethereum, a non-profit organization registered in Zug, Switzerland. The foundation is legally controlled by a body known as the Foundation Council.


id: vitalik-hybrid_layer_2
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-hybrid_layer_2
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2088
sentence: 70
flesch: 51
cache: cache/vitalik-hybrid_layer_2.html
txt: txt/vitalik-hybrid_layer_2.txt
summary:
  There is a resurgence of "semi-layer-2" protocols, which promises less extreme gains in scaling, but with the benefit of easier generalization and more favorable security models than "layer 2" protocols. The Plasma Group thanks the Plasma Group team for review and feedback.


id: blog-silos
author: blog
title: blog-silos
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2914
sentence: 94
flesch: 45
cache: cache/blog-silos.html
txt: txt/blog-silos.txt
summary:
  There is an increasing amount of fragmentation in the cryptocurrency community. Sidechains proponents argue that this fragmentation is harmful to the Bitcoin ecosystem. Sidechain proposal is an effort to unite the community behind its most important ideas.    


id: vitalik-free_speech
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-free_speech
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2266
sentence: 84
flesch: 56
cache: cache/vitalik-free_speech.html
txt: txt/vitalik-free_speech.txt
summary:
  Theymos, the moderator of the /r/bitcoin subreddit, forbade arguments in favor of increasing the Bitcoin blockchain's transaction capacity via a hard fork. John Blocke catalogues the history of censorship in the Bitcoin community. 


id: vitalik-99_fault_tolerant
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-99_fault_tolerant
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2004
sentence: 68
flesch: 61
cache: cache/vitalik-99_fault_tolerant.html
txt: txt/vitalik-99_fault_tolerant.txt
summary:
  It's possible to achieve consensus with 50% fault tolerance in a synchronous network where messages broadcast by one node are guaranteed to be received by all other honest nodes within a known time period. The maximum achievable fault tolerance drops to 33% if you relax the synchrony assumption. If you add more assumptions, you can increase fault tolerance to 99%.


id: blog-index
author: blog
title: blog-index
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 6877
sentence: 260
flesch: 65
cache: cache/blog-index.html
txt: txt/blog-index.txt
summary:
  Secret Sharing and Erasure Coding: A Guide for the Aspiring Dropbox Decentralizer is a blog post by Vitalik Buterin. It's about incentivized decentralized online file storage system. Vitalik also discusses the importance of redundancy in a decentralized network.


id: blog-what-if-ethereum-lived-on-a-treap-or-blockchains-charging-rent
author: blog
title: blog-what-if-ethereum-lived-on-a-treap-or-blockchains-charging-rent
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2498
sentence: 89
flesch: 61
cache: cache/blog-what-if-ethereum-lived-on-a-treap-or-blockchains-charging-rent.html
txt: txt/blog-what-if-ethereum-lived-on-a-treap-or-blockchains-charging-rent.txt
summary:
  What If  Blockchains Charged Rent? is a blog post by Vitalik Buterin from the R&D department of the Ethereum Foundation. It's about anti-bloat strategy that could be used to achieve substantial gains in scalability of the system.


id: blog-what-is-ethereum-project-platform-fuel-stack
author: blog
title: blog-what-is-ethereum-project-platform-fuel-stack
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1643
sentence: 66
flesch: 50
cache: cache/blog-what-is-ethereum-project-platform-fuel-stack.html
txt: txt/blog-what-is-ethereum-project-platform-fuel-stack.txt
summary:
  Etium is an open source, community-driven effort to create a next-generation distributed application platform intended to be maximally flexible and powerful. It is a platform for developing, offering and using distributed application services. The nodes on the network serve as miners whose purpose is to process and validate the transactions and computations on the system.


id: blog-ethereum-and-oracles
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-and-oracles
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2591
sentence: 84
flesch: 50
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-and-oracles.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-and-oracles.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin proposes a new way of implementing smart contracts on the blockchain. Oracles are a set of specialized entities called "oracles" that control the funds intended to go into the contract and execute the contract code. 


id: blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-3-identity-corp
author: blog
title: blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-3-identity-corp
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3157
sentence: 106
flesch: 43
cache: cache/blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-3-identity-corp.html
txt: txt/blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-3-identity-corp.txt
summary:
  Bootstrapping a Decentralized Autonomous Corporation, Part 3: Identity Corp, is a blog series by Vitalik Buterin. Jeff Garzik suggested that a decentralized Dropbox might be useful for some applications. The first two parts of the series talked about the basic workings of a decentralized autonomous corporation. 


id: blog-scalability-part-3-metacoin-history-multichain
author: blog
title: blog-scalability-part-3-metacoin-history-multichain
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3779
sentence: 115
flesch: 50
cache: cache/blog-scalability-part-3-metacoin-history-multichain.html
txt: txt/blog-scalability-part-3-metacoin-history-multichain.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin wrote a proposal for a general-purpose stack-based programming language that Mastercoin could include to allow two parties to make a contract on an arbitrary mathematical formula. Vlad Zamfir is responsible for much of the thinking behind multi-chain cryptoeconomic paradigms.


id: vitalik-central_planning
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-central_planning
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3494
sentence: 115
flesch: 46
cache: cache/vitalik-central_planning.html
txt: txt/vitalik-central_planning.txt
summary:
  There is an intuition that "central planning" is unappreciated and unhelpful. Some recent examples of the intuition being misapplied are: people arguing that relatively simple entitlement programs like Social Security are burdensome government intervention, while elaborate and often discretionary tax breaks conditional on specific behaviors are a good step towards less government.


id: blog-call-bug-bounty-hunters
author: blog
title: blog-call-bug-bounty-hunters
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 348
sentence: 15
flesch: 53
cache: cache/blog-call-bug-bounty-hunters.html
txt: txt/blog-call-bug-bounty-hunters.txt
summary:
  Jutta Steiner has been setting up a security audit prior to the launch of the Ethereum genesis block release. Before the launch, the foundation will complete a bug bounty program. The program will rely on the community and motivated bug bounty hunters.


id: blog-important-statement-regarding-the-ether-pre-sale
author: blog
title: blog-important-statement-regarding-the-ether-pre-sale
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 336
sentence: 10
flesch: 33
cache: cache/blog-important-statement-regarding-the-ether-pre-sale.html
txt: txt/blog-important-statement-regarding-the-ether-pre-sale.txt
summary:
  Stephan Tual issues an important statement regarding the Ether pre-sale. He asks peercover.com to stop offering ether forwards until there is more information released on the Ether project and the potential value of the ether cryptofuel.


id: vitalik-starks_part_2
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-starks_part_2
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3161
sentence: 124
flesch: 64
cache: cache/vitalik-starks_part_2.html
txt: txt/vitalik-starks_part_2.txt
summary:
  In the last part of this series, we talked about how you can make succinct proofs of computation. In this part, we discuss the problem of proving that at least the great majority of a given large set of points are on the same low-degree polynomial.


id: blog-ethereum-now-going-public
author: blog
title: blog-ethereum-now-going-public
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2088
sentence: 63
flesch: 41
cache: cache/blog-ethereum-now-going-public.html
txt: txt/blog-ethereum-now-going-public.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin wrote the initial draft of the whitepaper for the first time in San Francisco in November. Vitalik had worked with several projects trying to implement colored coins, smart property, and various types of decentralized exchange on top of Bitcoin. He realized that the key to solving the problem was to create a Turing-complete programming language. 


id: vitalik-fft
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-fft
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4163
sentence: 173
flesch: 68
cache: cache/vitalik-fft.html
txt: txt/vitalik-fft.txt
summary:
  Fast Fourier transforms are a key building block in many algorithms. Erasure codes are highly versatile. They are used in fault-tolerant data storage and recovery. They also have more advanced use cases such as securing data availability in scalable blockchains and STARTS.


id: vitalik-moe
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-moe
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1862
sentence: 70
flesch: 65
cache: cache/vitalik-moe.html
txt: txt/vitalik-moe.txt
summary:
  The "network medium of exchange token" has become popular among recent token sale projects. The general pitch for this kind of token is that developers build a network and this network allows you to do new cool stuff. The token would be backed by the services provided by the developers.


id: blog-the-question-of-mining
author: blog
title: blog-the-question-of-mining
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1334
sentence: 52
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-the-question-of-mining.html
txt: txt/blog-the-question-of-mining.txt
summary:
  There are interesting changes to the Ethereum protocol that will improve the power of the system. Vitalik Buterin proposes a Hashcash-based implementation of the mining algorithm similar to Bitcoin's SHA256 and Litecoin's scrypt. 


id: blog-schellingcoin-a-minimal-trust-universal-data-feed
author: blog
title: blog-schellingcoin-a-minimal-trust-universal-data-feed
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2863
sentence: 96
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-schellingcoin-a-minimal-trust-universal-data-feed.html
txt: txt/blog-schellingcoin-a-minimal-trust-universal-data-feed.txt
summary:
  SchellingCoin is a Minimal-Trust Universal Data Feed. Vitalik Buterin is working on financial contracts and derivatives in the context of Bitcoin. The concept of hedging has a number of legitimate uses, some of which help people protect themselves against the volatility of financial markets.


id: blog-the-business-imperative-behind-the-ethereum-vision
author: blog
title: blog-the-business-imperative-behind-the-ethereum-vision
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4714
sentence: 185
flesch: 42
cache: cache/blog-the-business-imperative-behind-the-ethereum-vision.html
txt: txt/blog-the-business-imperative-behind-the-ethereum-vision.txt
summary:
  The Business Imperative Behind the Ethereum Vision is the topic of a blog post by William Mougayar. He explains why it's important for non-technical people to understand the business implications of the new technology, and why they need another global blockchain. 


id: vitalik-metcalfe
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-metcalfe
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1671
sentence: 46
flesch: 51
cache: cache/vitalik-metcalfe.html
txt: txt/vitalik-metcalfe.txt
summary:
  It's the split season for the Bitcoin Cash and the ETH/ETC split. It's useful to inform the discussion with some simple economic modeling. There are two projects A and B, and a set of users of size N. A has N_a users and B N_b users. 


id: blog-building-decentralized-web
author: blog
title: blog-building-decentralized-web
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1369
sentence: 47
flesch: 40
cache: cache/blog-building-decentralized-web.html
txt: txt/blog-building-decentralized-web.txt
summary:
  Taylor Gerring has written a blog post about building the decentralized web 3.0 on the foundation blog of the E.E.F.C. and E.T.A.R.P. Foundation. Taylor Gerring predicts that the interaction and integration of crypto into the fabric of a decentralized web will be the refined third implementation of PGP and Bitcoin.


id: blog-serpent-upgrades-more-fun-stuff
author: blog
title: blog-serpent-upgrades-more-fun-stuff
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1382
sentence: 73
flesch: 66
cache: cache/blog-serpent-upgrades-more-fun-stuff.html
txt: txt/blog-serpent-upgrades-more-fun-stuff.txt
summary:
  Serpent upgrades have been made to the VM in the past two weeks. The new init/code mechanism allows to create new contracts via forwarding contracts. Transaction creation now has a fee of 500 gas and several other fees were updated. CODECOPY takes code_index, mem_index and len as arguments and copies the code to memory.


id: vitalik-cbc_casper
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-cbc_casper
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2427
sentence: 86
flesch: 65
cache: cache/vitalik-cbc_casper.html
txt: txt/vitalik-cbc_casper.txt
summary:
  Vlad Zamfir's CBC Casper is a versatile and abstract data structure. Vlad's descriptions of it can be found here, here and here. In order to help more people understand "the other Casper" I wrote an explainer on it.


id: vitalik-progress
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-progress
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5179
sentence: 193
flesch: 51
cache: cache/vitalik-progress.html
txt: txt/vitalik-progress.txt
summary:
  In 2014, I made a presentation with a list of 16 hard problems in math, computer science and economics that I thought were important for the cryptocurrency space to reach maturity. In the last five years, much has changed in the last 5 years. The problems are broken down into three categories: cryptographic, consensus theory and economic.


id: vitalik-a_note_on_charity
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-a_note_on_charity
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1130
sentence: 38
flesch: 60
cache: cache/vitalik-a_note_on_charity.html
txt: txt/vitalik-a_note_on_charity.txt
summary:
  A restaurant sells sandwiches for $7.50 and makes a profit of $6733.12. If they raise the price by 1%, their profit declines from $6750 to $67.575. The smaller the distortion, the more favorable the ratio. 


id: blog-long-range-attacks-the-serious-problem-with-adaptive-proof-of-work
author: blog
title: blog-long-range-attacks-the-serious-problem-with-adaptive-proof-of-work
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1301
sentence: 43
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-long-range-attacks-the-serious-problem-with-adaptive-proof-of-work.html
txt: txt/blog-long-range-attacks-the-serious-problem-with-adaptive-proof-of-work.txt
summary:
  Long-range attacks are a serious problem with adaptive proof of work. Vitalik Buterin explains the solution to this problem in a blog post on the EFS blog. The solution involves executing random contracts from the blockchain on the blockchain.


id: blog-daos-are-not-scary-part-1-self-enforcing-contracts-and-factum-law
author: blog
title: blog-daos-are-not-scary-part-1-self-enforcing-contracts-and-factum-law
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2756
sentence: 98
flesch: 58
cache: cache/blog-daos-are-not-scary-part-1-self-enforcing-contracts-and-factum-law.html
txt: txt/blog-daos-are-not-scary-part-1-self-enforcing-contracts-and-factum-law.txt
summary:
  DAOs Are Not Scary, Part 1: Self-Enforcing Contracts And Factum Law is a blog post by Vitalik Buterin from the R&D blog of the Ethereum Foundation. It's about smart contracts and their advantages and limitations.


id: vitalik-voting
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-voting
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4053
sentence: 137
flesch: 53
cache: cache/vitalik-voting.html
txt: txt/vitalik-voting.txt
summary:
  Vlad Zamfir argues that "tightly coupled" on-chain voting is overrated and that the status quo of "informal governance" as practiced by Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, Zcash and similar systems is much less bad than commonly thought.


id: blog-crypto-renaissance
author: blog
title: blog-crypto-renaissance
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2367
sentence: 111
flesch: 45
cache: cache/blog-crypto-renaissance.html
txt: txt/blog-crypto-renaissance.txt
summary:
  The invention of the blockchain is a milestone in technology. More than 30,000 bitcoins will go towards spawning an entire new digital realm. Mesopotamia introduced cuneiform script 5000 years ago, which marked the beginning of the information revolution within human society.


id: blog-toward-a-12-second-block-time
author: blog
title: blog-toward-a-12-second-block-time
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4332
sentence: 147
flesch: 63
cache: cache/blog-toward-a-12-second-block-time.html
txt: txt/blog-toward-a-12-second-block-time.txt
summary:
  There is a long delay before a transaction gets finalized on the Bitcoin network. Vitalik Buterin is working on a solution for this problem in the form of a 12-second block time on the decentralized platform called the "Ethernet".


id: blog-stephans-ethereum-community-adoption-update-week-1
author: blog
title: blog-stephans-ethereum-community-adoption-update-week-1
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1598
sentence: 60
flesch: 54
cache: cache/blog-stephans-ethereum-community-adoption-update-week-1.html
txt: txt/blog-stephans-ethereum-community-adoption-update-week-1.txt
summary:
  Stephan Tual has been responsible for the adoption and education of the project since January. He is also leading the effort on the communication strategy at ÐΞV. He feels privileged to be able to lead the effort. 


id: vitalik-coordination_problems
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-coordination_problems
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2225
sentence: 59
flesch: 50
cache: cache/vitalik-coordination_problems.html
txt: txt/vitalik-coordination_problems.txt
summary:
  There was a spat between the Core and Unlimited factions of the Bitcoin community. Core believes that miners only have a limited role in the Bitcoin system and shouldn't have the power to determine anything else. Unlimited believes that they should have a very large role in Bitcoin's governance.


id: blog-stake
author: blog
title: blog-stake
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4945
sentence: 154
flesch: 53
cache: cache/blog-stake.html
txt: txt/blog-stake.txt
summary:
  GHASH.io, the Bitcoin network's largest mining pool, has for the past month directed over 40% of the network's hashpower. Vitalik Buterin proposes to abolish mining and replace it with a new model for seeking consensus.


id: vitalik-pos_design
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-pos_design
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1835
sentence: 53
flesch: 47
cache: cache/vitalik-pos_design.html
txt: txt/vitalik-pos_design.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a mirror of the post "A Proof of Stake Design Philosophy" on Dec 29th. Vitalik explains the difference between BitTorrent, Bitcoin, NXT, and Bitshares and a new class of cryptoeconomic organisms.


id: vitalik-radical_markets
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-radical_markets
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5377
sentence: 157
flesch: 49
cache: cache/vitalik-radical_markets.html
txt: txt/vitalik-radical_markets.txt
summary:
  Eric Posner and Glen Weyl's new book, Radical Markets, is an interesting way of looking at the subject of "political economy" and how markets and politics and society intersect. Posner is involved in the blockchain/crypto space heading up the Ethereum project and in some cases providing various kinds of support to projects.


id: blog-bitcoin-maximalism-currency-platform-network-effects
author: blog
title: blog-bitcoin-maximalism-currency-platform-network-effects
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5264
sentence: 150
flesch: 43
cache: cache/blog-bitcoin-maximalism-currency-platform-network-effects.html
txt: txt/blog-bitcoin-maximalism-currency-platform-network-effects.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin explains "Bitcoin dominance maximalism" and "network effects" in the context of the Bitcoin community. Vitalik also explains the technical strategies to create a new crypto protocol and the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches.


id: vitalik-marketmakers
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-marketmakers
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2792
sentence: 94
flesch: 63
cache: cache/vitalik-marketmakers.html
txt: txt/vitalik-marketmakers.txt
summary:
  Someone claims to have figured out how to create a source of unlimited free energy. The scheme is a total bollocks according to Newtonian dynamics. The solution is to dig deeply into the math and calculate the relationship between acceleration and deceleration.


id: vitalik-plasma_vs_sharding
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-plasma_vs_sharding
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1665
sentence: 53
flesch: 55
cache: cache/vitalik-plasma_vs_sharding.html
txt: txt/vitalik-plasma_vs_sharding.txt
summary:
  Sharding is different from sidechains or Plasma. Plasma chains are less secure than regular sidechains. Tight coupling is a property of sharding, but not of sidechain chains. The validity of the main chain is inseparable from the validity of its child chains.


id: blog-slasher-ghost-developments-proof-stake
author: blog
title: blog-slasher-ghost-developments-proof-stake
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5523
sentence: 166
flesch: 53
cache: cache/blog-slasher-ghost-developments-proof-stake.html
txt: txt/blog-slasher-ghost-developments-proof-stake.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin and Vlad Zamfir are working on a proof-of-stake algorithm for the future development of the Bitcoin-like proof of work system. Vlad and Zack Hess have contributed to the development of Slasher Ghost and other proposals. 


id: vitalik-quadratic
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-quadratic
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4685
sentence: 175
flesch: 60
cache: cache/vitalik-quadratic.html
txt: txt/vitalik-quadratic.txt
summary:
  Quadratic voting, quadratic funding and attention purchase are buzzwords in applied mechanism design and decentralized governance. Small-scale tests of these ideas have already been done in Taiwan, Gitcoin Grants and the Colorado Democratic party.


id: blog-state-ethereum-august-edition
author: blog
title: blog-state-ethereum-august-edition
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3227
sentence: 113
flesch: 55
cache: cache/blog-state-ethereum-august-edition.html
txt: txt/blog-state-ethereum-august-edition.txt
summary:
  The development of the project has been progressing very quickly this past month. Vitalik Buterin is working on PoC6, the next version in the series, which features a number of enhancements. The project is at a state roughly similar to Bitcoin in mid-2009. 


id: vitalik-exploring_ecp
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-exploring_ecp
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3515
sentence: 141
flesch: 65
cache: cache/vitalik-exploring_ecp.html
txt: txt/vitalik-exploring_ecp.txt
summary:
  Elliptic curve pairings are a recent addition to a 30-year-long history of using elliptic curves for cryptographic applications including encryption and digital signatures. Elliptic curves themselves are a nontrivial topic to understand, so Vitalik recommends this article as a primer.


id: vitalik-plonk
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-plonk
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4000
sentence: 172
flesch: 65
cache: cache/vitalik-plonk.html
txt: txt/vitalik-plonk.txt
summary:
  PLONK is a new general-purpose zero-knowledge proof scheme. PLONK requires a trusted setup procedure similar to that needed for the SNARKs in Zcash. The polynomial commitment it relies on is called a "Kate commitment".


id: blog-scalability-part-2-hypercubes
author: blog
title: blog-scalability-part-2-hypercubes
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5633
sentence: 186
flesch: 57
cache: cache/blog-scalability-part-2-hypercubes.html
txt: txt/blog-scalability-part-2-hypercubes.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin has written a blog post on scalability in the context of a Bitcoin-like currency called Hypercubes. The objective is to be able to process tens of thousands of transactions per second and provide a transaction fee of less than $0.001, while maintaining security against 25% attacks.


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
author: blog
title: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3893
sentence: 188
flesch: 58
cache: cache/blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide.html
txt: txt/blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide.txt
summary:
  The tutorial is intended to apply to PoC5. Most of the instructions given below will not work in the older PoC4 implementations of AlethZero (C++) and Ethereal (Go). Vitalik Buterin has made a lot of changes to the Ethereum protocol in the last few weeks. Chen Houwu, Heiko Kees, Konrad Feldmeier and Konrad Houwu are the main Python developers for Pyethereum.


id: vitalik-control_as_liability
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-control_as_liability
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1253
sentence: 51
flesch: 56
cache: cache/vitalik-control_as_liability.html
txt: txt/vitalik-control_as_liability.txt
summary:
  The regulatory and legal environment around internet-based services and applications has changed over the last decade. In the 2000s, the general attitude toward mass data collection was essentially "why not?". Today, the most recent privacy law, the GDPR, has many parts, including requirements for explicit consent, requirement to have a legal basis to process data, and users' right to download all their data. Other jurisdictions are exploring similar rules. There's a growing concern about data being moved to countries that do not sufficiently protect it.


id: vitalik-layer_1
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-layer_1
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2035
sentence: 58
flesch: 43
cache: cache/vitalik-layer_1.html
txt: txt/vitalik-layer_1.txt
summary:
  In the long term, layer 2 will take on more of the burden of innovation and change than layer 1. Moxie Marlinspike's defense of Signal's centralized and non-federated nature is an example of this.


id: vitalik-gas_analysis
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-gas_analysis
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 900
sentence: 30
flesch: 60
cache: cache/vitalik-gas_analysis.html
txt: txt/vitalik-gas_analysis.txt
summary:
  There are transaction fees in every block between 4710000 and 4730000. The gasprice market stays reasonably stable over the course of more than three days. The only exception is the highest gasprice transaction, which fluctuates wildly.


id: vitalik-collusion
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-collusion
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4230
sentence: 121
flesch: 47
cache: cache/vitalik-collusion.html
txt: txt/vitalik-collusion.txt
summary:
  There is an increasing interest in using deliberately engineered economic incentives to align behavior of participants in various contexts. Bihu is a Chinese platform that has recently released a coin-based mechanism for encouraging people to write posts. The basic mechanism is that if a user of the platform holds KEY tokens, they have the ability to stake those KEY tokens on articles.


id: vitalik-triangle_of_harm
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-triangle_of_harm
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1295
sentence: 39
flesch: 54
cache: cache/vitalik-triangle_of_harm.html
txt: txt/vitalik-triangle_of_harm.txt
summary:
  Casper's incentivization philosophy is based on the principle of the "triangle of harm" diagram. For all four categories of attack, Casper wants to put an upper bound on the amount of harm suffered by the victims and the cost to the attacker.


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_Polish
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-On_Collusion_Polish
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3680
sentence: 153
flesch: 55
cache: cache/vitalik-On_Collusion_Polish.html
txt: txt/vitalik-On_Collusion_Polish.txt
summary:
  There were specjalne podziękowania dla Glena Weyla, Phila Daiana, Jinglana, Wanga, Dawida Kurdziela and bichvan2408. RadicalXChange zainteresowanie wykorzystaniem skonstruktowanych bodźców ekonomicznych and mechanizmów.


id: vitalik-gitcoin
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-gitcoin
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2180
sentence: 72
flesch: 51
cache: cache/vitalik-gitcoin.html
txt: txt/vitalik-gitcoin.txt
summary:
  $163,279 was donated to 80 projects by 477 contributors and a matching pool of $100,000 for the next round of Gitcoin Grants quadratic funding. Nearly half of the money came from contributions above $10,000. The other half came from smaller donations.


id: vitalik-starks_part_1
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-starks_part_1
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2929
sentence: 120
flesch: 68
cache: cache/vitalik-starks_part_1.html
txt: txt/vitalik-starks_part_1.txt
summary:
  ZK-SNARKs and ZK-STARKs are general-purpose succinct zero knowledge proof technology that can be used for verifiable computation and privacy-preserving cryptocurrency. They are more secure than ZKSNARK's, but the size of a proof goes up from 288bytes to a few hundred kilobytes.


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_Portuguese
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-On_Collusion_Portuguese
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4320
sentence: 136
flesch: 43
cache: cache/vitalik-On_Collusion_Portuguese.html
txt: txt/vitalik-On_Collusion_Portuguese.txt
summary:
  Blockchain is a technology that provides a platform for incentivizing participants in the system. In the last few years, there has been an increase in the use of incentivos baseados on tokens in various contextos, such as in mercados de predição.


id: vitalik-pos_faq
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-pos_faq
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 8552
sentence: 271
flesch: 52
cache: cache/vitalik-pos_faq.html
txt: txt/vitalik-pos_faq.txt
summary:
  The Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus algorithm is a category of consensus algorithms for public blockchains that depend on a validator's economic stake in the network. In PoS, the algorithm rewards participants who solve cryptographic puzzles in order to validate transactions and create new blocks (i.e. mining). In PoW, participants solve puzzles and solve transactions. PoS exchanges pose a centralization risk.


id: vitalik-zk_snarks
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-zk_snarks
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2480
sentence: 88
flesch: 62
cache: cache/vitalik-zk_snarks.html
txt: txt/vitalik-zk_snarks.txt
summary:
  This article is the third in a series explaining the technology behind zk-SNARKs. It will focus on the Pinocchio protocol by Parno, Gentry, Howell and Raykova from 2013. The key cryptographic assumption is the knowledge-of-exponent assumption.


id: vitalik-forks_and_markets
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-forks_and_markets
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2030
sentence: 67
flesch: 60
cache: cache/vitalik-forks_and_markets.html
txt: txt/vitalik-forks_and_markets.txt
summary:
  There are two types of hard forks: strictly expanding hard forks and bilateral hard forks. Hard forks change the rules of a protocol by strictly reducing the set of transactions that is valid. Soft forks allow previously invalid transactions and blocks to become valid, so clients must upgrade their clients to stay on the hard-forked chain.


id: blog-mining
author: blog
title: blog-mining
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 6384
sentence: 225
flesch: 58
cache: cache/blog-mining.html
txt: txt/blog-mining.txt
summary:
  There has been a ruckus in the past week about the issue of mining centralization in the Bitcoin network. One mining pool, GHash.io, amass over 45% hashpower for many hours, and at one point even grew to become 51% of the entire network. Now, the situation has somewhat subsided, with GHash down to 35% network hashpower and the runner-up, Discus Fish, up to 16%.


id: wbnns-ethereumbook-2021
author: wbnns
title: wbnns-ethereumbook-2021
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4479
sentence: 198
flesch: 52
cache: cache/wbnns-ethereumbook-2021.txt
txt: txt/wbnns-ethereumbook-2021.txt
summary:
  Ethereum is an open source, globally decentralized computing infrastructure that executes programs called smart contracts. It uses a blockchain to synchronize and store the system’s state changes and a cryptocurrency called ether to meter and constrain execution resource costs. Unlike Bitcoin, it is designed to be a general-purpose programmable blockchain.


id: vitalik-prehistory
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-prehistory
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3172
sentence: 96
flesch: 52
cache: cache/vitalik-prehistory.html
txt: txt/vitalik-prehistory.txt
summary:
  The current version of the current Ethereum protocol has been stable for two years. Before the launch, the protocol went through a number of significant evolutions and design decisions. The history of Casper and sharding research is out of scope.


id: vitalik-plutocracy
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-plutocracy
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 2408
sentence: 81
flesch: 55
cache: cache/vitalik-plutocracy.html
txt: txt/vitalik-plutocracy.txt
summary:
  Vlad Zamfir and others don't think it's wise for Bitcoin or any base-layer blockchain to adopt a tightly coupled voting system. The delegate rewards in EOS are now so high (5% annual inflation, about $400m per year) that the competition on who gets to run nodes has become another frontier of US-China geopolitical warfare. Chinese nodes feel less represented in the community than US and Korean nodes.


id: vitalik-starks_part_3
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-starks_part_3
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 5456
sentence: 248
flesch: 60
cache: cache/vitalik-starks_part_3.html
txt: txt/vitalik-starks_part_3.txt
summary:
  This post is a followup to Part 1 and Part 2 of this series on STARKs. It explains how to implement a STARK and gives an implementation in python. The code has not been thoroughly audited and is written in Python.


id: vitalik-pos_design_TR
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-pos_design_TR
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 1432
sentence: 60
flesch: 47
cache: cache/vitalik-pos_design_TR.html
txt: txt/vitalik-pos_design_TR.txt
summary:
  Vitalik Buterin wrote a post on Proof of Stake design philosophy on December 29th. He explains the difference between Bitcoin, NXT, Bitshares vb. and Bitcoin Cash. BitTorrent is a hard forklayamazsınız.


id: vitalik-qap
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-qap
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 3179
sentence: 121
flesch: 67
cache: cache/vitalik-qap.html
txt: txt/vitalik-qap.txt
summary:
  Zk-SNARKs are challenging to grasp due to their complexity. The post explains the first half of the pipeline as drawn by researcher Eran Tromer. It assumes you know enough math to reason about things like polynomials.


id: vitalik-sales
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-sales
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4130
sentence: 137
flesch: 61
cache: cache/vitalik-sales.html
txt: txt/vitalik-sales.txt
summary:
  The last few months have seen an increasing amount of innovation in token sale models. Nearly every significant sale, including Brave's Basic Attention Tokens, Gnosis, upcoming sales such as Bancor and older ones such as Maidsafe, has been met with a substantial amount of criticism.


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_IT
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-On_Collusion_IT
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4319
sentence: 155
flesch: 49
cache: cache/vitalik-On_Collusion_IT.html
txt: txt/vitalik-On_Collusion_IT.txt
summary:
  In the last few years, there has been an increase in the use of incentivi economici and meccanismi deliberatamente to allineate the comportamento dei partecipanti in contesti. RadicalXChange has started a sperimentazione with tasse, harberg, vote quadratico, finanziamento, quadratico and altro. Bihu, una piattaforma cinese, has introduced a meccanismo bas on tokens.


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_DE
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-On_Collusion_DE
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 4109
sentence: 185
flesch: 48
cache: cache/vitalik-On_Collusion_DE.html
txt: txt/vitalik-On_Collusion_DE.txt
summary:
  Glenn Weyl, Phil Daian, Jinglan Wang and inlak16 are the authors of the Artikels. In the last few years, the interest in Anreize and Mechanismus-Design has increased. In jüngerer Zeit wird es in Vorhersagemärkten, "Token-kuratierte register" and other Zusammenhängen angewandt.


id: brody-ideologies-2021
author: brody
title: brody-ideologies-2021
date: 2024-09-13
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9796
sentence: 542
flesch: 52
cache: cache/brody-ideologies-2021.pdf
txt: txt/brody-ideologies-2021.txt
summary:
  Ideologies and Imaginaries in Blockchain Communities: The Case of Ethereum examines the ideologies and imaginaries surrounding the second most used blockchain technology after Bitcoin. The article claims that the design of the technology widens the ideological spec-trum of cryptocurrency while masking certain currency ideologies.


id: vitalik-sharding_faq
author: vitalik
title: vitalik-sharding_faq
extension: .html
mime: text/html
words: 11943
sentence: 396
flesch: 53
cache: cache/vitalik-sharding_faq.html
txt: txt/vitalik-sharding_faq.txt
summary:
  Sharding is the idea of splitting transaction processing between smaller groups of nodes to increase a blockchain's total throughput. Plasma, state channels and other layer 2 technologies fit into the "scalability trilemma" discussed in this post.


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
author: buterin
title: buterin-ethereum-2014
date: 2022-02-02
pages: 36
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14153
sentence: 534
flesch: 50
cache: cache/buterin-ethereum-2014.pdf
txt: txt/buterin-ethereum-2014.txt
summary:
  Satoshi Nakamoto created the Bitcoin in January 2009. Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer online currency without any backing, intrinsic value or central issuer. The proof of work-based blockchain allows for public agreement on the order of transactions.


id: wood-etherium-2024
author: wood
title: wood-etherium-2024
date: 2024-09-02
pages: 42
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 26832
sentence: 1618
flesch: 70
cache: cache/wood-etherium-2024.pdf
txt: txt/wood-etherium-2024.txt
summary:
  Etherum is a programmable blockchain. Gavin Wood and Gavin Wood are the founders of the project. They discuss its design, implementation issues, the opportunities it provides and the future hurdles they envisage. They also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the technology.


# url

id: vitalik-ux_zhCN
domain: etherscan.io
url:
  https://etherscan.io/address/0xd8da6bf26964af9d7eed9e03e53415d37aa96045#tokentxns）非常容易被造假，导致欺诈行为。任何人都可以创建一个新的


id: blog-the-evolution-of-ethereum
domain: www.contravex.com
url:
  http://www.contravex.com/2014/07/23/a−guide−to−buying−5000−ether−bitcoin−2−5x−more−than−ethereums−genesis−sale/">mirceapopescu′soffer</a>tobuyethfromhimthathedoesn′thaveatapriceof50


id: blog-the-evolution-of-ethereum
domain: www.contravex.com
url:
  http://www.contravex.com/2014/07/23/a-guide-to-buying-5000-ether-bitcoin-2-5x-more-than-ethereums-genesis-sale/">mircea


id: blog-the-evolution-of-ethereum
domain: www.contravex.com
url:
  http://www.contravex.com/2014/07/23/a−guide−to−buying−5000−ether−bitcoin−2−5x−more−than−ethereums−genesis−sale/">mirceapopescu′soffer</a>tobuyethfromhimthathedoesn′thaveatapriceof0.12


id: vitalik-communitynotes
domain: www.npr.org
url:
  https://www.npr.org/2021/02/08/965342252/timeline-what-trump-told-supporters-for-months-before-they-attacked


id: vitalik-communitynotes
domain: datacenter.aecf.org
url:
  https://datacenter.aecf.org/data/tables/107-children-in-single-parent-families-by-race-and-ethnicity


id: blog-bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world
domain: bitcoinmagazine.com
url:
  http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7235/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-3-identity-corp


id: blog-ether-sale-a-statistical-overview
domain: docs.google.com
url:
  https://docs.google.com/a/ethereum.org/spreadsheets/d/1h5w9yvp1eronp8n9uffvccz51q5dxzjaovlicaat46g/gviz/chartiframe?oid=831527247


id: blog-ether-sale-a-statistical-overview
domain: docs.google.com
url:
  https://docs.google.com/a/ethereum.org/spreadsheets/d/1gs9pzsdmx9lk0xgskedr_aoi02riq3mpryventvum68/gviz/chartiframe?oid=168457404


id: blog-ether-sale-a-statistical-overview
domain: docs.google.com
url:
  https://docs.google.com/a/ethereum.org/spreadsheets/d/1gs9pzsdmx9lk0xgskedr_aoi02riq3mpryventvum68/gviz/chartiframe?oid=846945325


id: vitalik-cantor
domain: medium.com
url:
  https://medium.com/@vitalikbuterin/cantor-was-wrong-debunking-the-infinite-set-hierarchy-e9ba5015102


id: blog-announcement-on-planned-exodus-withdrawal
domain: docs.google.com
url:
  https://docs.google.com/a/ethereum.org/spreadsheets/d/1yqymlknf9tibarjyrkhef-ivnmga6ffvhjnqh_no_ao/edit#gid=0


id: blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-3-identity-corp
domain: bitcoinmagazine.com
url:
  http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7119/bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world


id: vitalik-metcalfe
domain: medium.com
url:
  https://medium.com/crypto-fundamental/power-laws-and-network-effects-why-bitcoincash-is-not-a-free-lunch-5adb579972aa


id: vitalik-progress
domain: github.com
url:
  https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/sharding-faq#how-can-we-solve-the-single-shard-takeover-attack-in-an-uncoordinated-majority-model


id: blog-scalability-part-2-hypercubes
domain: blog.ethereum.org
url:
  https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/08/16/secret-sharing-erasure-coding-guide-aspiring-dropbox-decentralizer


id: brody-ideologies-2021
domain: www.e-ir.info
url:
  https://www.e-ir.info/2014/06/01/visions-of-a-techno-leviathan-the-politics-of-the-bitcoin-blockchain


id: brody-ideologies-2021
domain: consensys.net
url:
  https://consensys.net/blog/news/programmable-blockchains-in-context-ethereum-smart-contracts-and-the-world-computer


id: brody-ideologies-2021
domain: medium.com
url:
  https://medium.com/mercuryo/decentralized-autonomous-organization-as-a-way-to-manage-defi-projects-4905d4789e27


id: brody-ideologies-2021
domain: www.forbes.com
url:
  https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffkauflin/2019/04/26/why-everyone-in-crypto-is-talking-about-defi/?sh=af68fe1723f3


id: brody-ideologies-2021
domain: cointelegraph.com
url:
  https://cointelegraph.com/news/vitalik-buterin-sets-milestones-on-ethereums-route-to-be-the-world-computer


id: brody-ideologies-2021
domain: www.cnbc.com
url:
  https://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/17/automated-company-raises-equivalent-of120-million-in-digital-currency.html


id: brody-ideologies-2021
domain: www.cnbc.com
url:
  https://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/17/automated-company-raises-equivalent-of-120-million-in-digital-currency.html


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fbitcoinmagazine.com%2f8640%2fan-exploration-of-intrinsic-value-what-it-is-why-bitcoin-doesnt-have-it-and-why-bitcoin-does-have-it%2f&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnhihj5joz_hutamkn106c0c2k7t7w


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fbitcoinmagazine.com%2f7050%2fbootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i%2f&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnf8ximt3yrvaid-x0dofldgk1jsjg


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fgithub.com%2fethereum%2fwiki%2fwiki%2f%255benglish%255d-white-paper%23mining&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnhxhez8d-jmiogwh50cfybaeho3rg


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fgithub.com%2fethereum%2fwiki%2fwiki%2f%255benglish%255d-white-paper%23merkle-trees&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnh-5ttar5zzahkrfajdxdrqsm29xq


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fgithub.com%2fethereum%2fwiki%2fwiki%2f%255benglish%255d-white-paper%23alternative-blockchain-applications&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcng35ozh-fsz_ga6f0-lmlptajuv-g


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fgithub.com%2fethereum%2fwiki%2fwiki%2f%255benglish%255d-white-paper%23scripting&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnhnivniihenkeorrqs6_gnqrzkpew


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fwww.weidai.com%2fbmoney.txt&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcneythbdnq0vi1g--o4hwyuoscbiqa


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fwww.finney.org%2f%257ehal%2frpow%2f&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnfzg0g7mwxclfki1yqvmfqeeipe2a


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fszabo.best.vwh.net%2fsecuretitle.html&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnhuvy9y6t8ve-5eautfyelzkka1bg


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fnamecoin.org%2f&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcngeuq4ve088yvm6tqqnlhfqhjol6w


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fnamecoin.org%2f&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnekxddjmwtgniyrxpju5zib-nagiw


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fdomain_name_system&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnevoahupwtvkl4gqzctxn5yi71wiq


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fonline-storage-service-review.toptenreviews.com%2f&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnhvedi9u66mri0ayzjatvrnuc40gg


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fdelegative_democracy&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnghacp1r99dcd2y2sf-bwkkqbezkq


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fblog.ethereum.org%2f2014%2f03%2f28%2fschellingcoin-a-minimal-trust-universal-data-feed%2f&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcneu0_xce1ultcmndljsc9xyip96cq


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fwww.cl.cam.ac.uk%2f%257efms27%2fpapers%2f2008-stajanocla-cyberdice.pdf&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcne0-foadvtzjxtgwxmitcf363zkww


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fhanson.gmu.edu%2ffutarchy.html&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnh-mxj9s_pcwjyedffj_gk0zoajsa


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fwww.cs.huji.ac.il%2f%257eavivz%2fpubs%2f13%2fbtc_scalability_full.pdf&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcne-lgxsnn5wcivnujz_fd1lx8gesg


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fsourceforge.net%2fp%2fbitcoin%2fmailman%2fmessage%2f31709140%2f&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnhbbgsohkhjtsrpkpa55-32-knqcg


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fen.bitcoin.it%2fwiki%2fsmart_property&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnelwkf15lophty2dnlvkzibh2sdww


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fen.bitcoin.it%2fwiki%2fcontracts&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnfhamrwxsdixvlygdn0cgpervuhtq


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fbitcoin.org%2fbitcoin.pdf&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnh4hwdyo83i-rg9o6mycy3pr7cydq


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fzooko's_triangle&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcneph_ul1f3snmb6wxep1vyrs7ta9w


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fgithub.com%2fmastercoin-msc%2fspec&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcngm2mijuey8xhk6q_pehy_qgpucdw


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fen.bitcoin.it%2fwiki%2fscalability%23simplifiedpaymentverification&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnesg5bntnvzrkye_vsx0rmd2qj79a


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fmerkle_tree&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnfoxwjlydwfxd5nwrhbkav2lvv8mw


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fpatricia_tree&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnhqp4dk_9jawfuviozo4eewjh3nxg


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fgithub.com%2fethereum%2fwiki%2fwiki%2f%255benglish%255d-rlp&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcngea9ti9rk93ndhd11kkkrxymdega


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
domain: www.google.com
url:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fgithub.com%2fethereum%2fwiki%2fwiki%2f%255benglish%255d-patricia-tree&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnffj9qkmnjwzbulvlmmwzqulrlu7w


id: vitalik-quadratic
domain: kortina.nyc
url:
  https://kortina.nyc/essays/speech-is-free-distribution-is-not-a-tax-on-the-purchase-of-human-attention-and-political-power


id: vitalik-quadratic
domain: upload.wikimedia.org
url:
  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/billboard_challenging_the_validity_of_barack_obama%27s_birth_certificate.jpg


id: vitalik-pos_faq
domain: github.com
url:
  https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/sharding-faqs#but-doesnt-the-cap-theorem-mean-that-fully-secure-distributed-systems-are-impossible-and-so-sharding-is-futile


# ent

id: vitalik-ux_zhCN
sid: 4
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  费过高和交易不被接收的风险。更糟糕的是，钱包的用户界面对这种情况的提示也不够到位，既没有显眼的红色闪烁警报，也没有清晰的提醒告知用户应该做什么来解决这个问题。即使你是专家，知道在这种情况下，可以通过提高


id: vitalik-ux_zhCN
sid: 4
eid: 8
type: GPE
entity:
  于我而言，使用这种方法很快就遇到了麻烦。几个月后，我的钱包出了问题，我需要使用恢复程序来恢复钱包。我请朋友们通过他们的应用程序和我一起执行恢复程序，但事情并没有按计划进行。其中两位朋友丢失了他们的密钥，因为他们换了手机，忘记迁移恢复程序。第三位朋友表示，firebase


id: vitalik-ux_zhCN
sid: 9
eid: 4
type: ORG
entity:
  的时间里会出现一些奇怪且无法解释的状况，从而导致一些大麻烦，其实比事无巨细的用户界面更糟糕，因为后者至少可以让用户更容易理解发生了什么，并解决出现的问题。 除了扩容导致的高额交易费用这一重要问题尚未完全解决，用户体验也是许多以太坊用户，尤其是南方世界的用户，经常选择中心化解决方案的关键原因；这也阻碍了用户选择将权力掌握在自己、亲友或当地社区手中这一链上去中心化方案。多年来，用户体验已经取得了长足的进步，尤其是 eip-1559


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 2
eid: 7
type: ORG
entity:
  在这里用"邪恶"这个词并不是说任何数量的邪恶都不被接受，也不是说如果你不能保证不作恶，你就根本不应该去资助项目。许多项目为了确保可持续的资金，做出了艰难的取舍，伤害了她们的客户和社区，而且往往项目存在的价值大大超过了这些伤害。但尽管如此，我们的目标是强调许多货币化计划有其悲剧性的一面，而公共物品融资可以提供价值，给现有项目一个财政缓冲，使她们能够避免这种牺牲


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 6
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  在许多案例中，这种邪恶非常依赖于背景。在加密领域和更广泛的软件领域，专利权既极为有害，又具有意识形态上的攻击性，但在制造实物商品的行业中，这种情况较少：在有形商品行业中，大多数人在现实中能够创造出某种专利的衍生作品，她们的规模和组织程度足以谈判获得许可，而资本成本意味着对货币化的需求要高得多，因此保持纯粹性就更难。广告多么有害取决于广告商和受众：如果播客主持人非常了解她的听众，广告甚至可以是有帮助的！是否存在"排他"的可能性甚至取决于产权


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 7
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  需要注意的是，排他性和竞争性框架通常会得出类似的答案：首先关注非排他性和非竞争性的物品，其次关注具有排他性但非竞争性的物品，最后关注具有排他性和部分竞争性的物品——而既具有排他性又具有竞争性的物品永远不会被关注（如果你有剩余的资本，最好直接作为 ubi 发放）。收入/邪恶曲线与排他性和竞争性之间有一个粗略的近似映射：排他性越高意味着收入/邪恶曲线的斜率越低，而竞争性则告诉我们收入/邪恶曲线的底部是零还是非零。但收入/邪恶曲线是一个更普遍的工具，它允许我们谈论货币化战略的权衡，远远超出了排他


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 8
eid: 1
type: GPE
entity:
  排他性和竞争性对一个物品来说是重要的维度，对其货币化的能力，以及对回答"通过一些公共资金获得资助，可以避免多少伤害"的问题，具有真正重要的影响。但是，特别是一旦更复杂的项目进场，这两个维度很快就开始变得不足以决定资金的优先次序。大多数的物品都不是纯粹的公共物品：它们是处于中间的一些混合体，在许多方面，它们或多或少都是公共的，且不容易映射到"排他


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 2
eid: 6
type: ORG
entity:
  預測市場是我多年來一直感興趣的主題。讓大眾對未來的事件進行投注，然後把這些投注的賠率當作預測值，得到可信且中立的「預測事件發生之機率」。這種機制設計帶來的應用讓我覺得非常有趣。類似的想法像是futarchy，一直都很讓我感興趣，因為它們是可以改善治理和決策的創新工具。而正如augur和omen，還有最近的polymarket，預測市場也是區塊鏈（在上述三種應用下，ethereum）的一個吸引人的應用


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 2
eid: 7
type: ORG
entity:
  我在這次大選的第一個賭注其實根本不是押在區塊鏈上。當kanye在7月宣布競選總統時，有一位我讓我相當尊重的政治學家（因為他的思路獨特且高水準），在twitter上聲稱他有信心這會分化反川普的選票，導致川普獲勝。我記得，當時我認為他這種特別的觀點有些過於自信，甚至有可能是在腦中過度推論造成的結果 如果一個觀點看起來很睿智又很反直覺，那這個觀點一定是對的。所以我當然提出了$200的賭注，賭的是無聊的那種支持拜登的常見觀點。他與有榮焉的接受了。 9月，大選話題又出現在我的視野內，這次是預測市場引起了我的注意。市場給出了川普近50%的勝算。但在我的twitter同溫層中，我看到了越來越多我尊敬的「非常聰明的人」，都在說著一件事：這個數字似乎太高了。這當然就引出了我們熟悉的「效率市場之爭」：如果你能以$0.52的價格買到一個如果川普輸了就給你$1的token，而川普實際輸掉的機率比這要高得多，為什麽人們不乾脆來買這個token，這樣價格最後才會漲得更高？如果沒有人這麽做，你又憑什麽認為自己比別人聰明


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 6
eid: 1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  然後，選舉發生了。一開始雖然我們以為自己預測錯誤，被川普贏得的大量席位嚇死，拜登還是最終的贏家。至於究竟大選本身到底有沒有吻合，還是不吻合預測市場的效率嘛，據我所知，這是一個大哉問。一方面，通過標準的貝氏定理，我應該降低對預測市場的信心，至少我應該更相信nate


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 6
eid: 4
type: GPE
entity:
  雖然川普市場沒有給出機率分布，但如果你要從「川普有40%的勝算」這個統計中推一個機率分布，你的中位數可能會是拜登拿到300張選票人票左右。實際結果是：306票。所以，預測市場與nate的孰優孰劣，在我看來，還在未定之天


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 6
eid: 5
type: NORP
entity:
  但當時我無法想像的是，選舉本身只是一個開始。選舉結束幾天後，拜登就被各大組織，甚至一些外國政府宣布當選。川普不出意料的對選舉結果發起了各種法律戰，但這些舉動很快就失敗了。儘管如此，在一個多月的時間裡，ntrump


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 6
eid: 6
type: NORP
entity:
  一開始，人們似乎有理由猜測川普有15%的機會推翻選舉結果，畢竟他任命了三名法官進入最高法院，當黨派紛爭加劇的時候，許多法官都開始站隊而非堅守原則。在接下來的三周裡，明顯看得出來這些法律戰都失敗了，雖然川普的希望也隨著時間的推移繼續顯得更加嚴峻，但ntrump的價格並沒有動搖；事實上，它甚至短暫地下降到$0.82左右。在12月11日，大選結束已經過了5個星期的時候，最高法院果斷地一致駁回了川普推翻投票結果的企圖，這讓ntrump價格終於漲到了$0.88


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 6
eid: 7
type: ORG
entity:
  到了11月，我終於相信市場懷疑論者是對的，所以我自己也投身其中，與川普對賭。這個決定並不是為了錢，畢竟在不到兩個月之後，光是我手上有的dogecoin升值就能讓我賺得比預測市場更多，讓我能夠捐給givedirectly。所以不如說這是為了參與一場實驗，不僅是作為一個觀察者，而是作為一個積極的參與者，這樣能提高我對其他人的理解，到底為什麼大家沒有趕在我之前蜂擁而上購買ntrump


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 7
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  我的ntrump是在catnip上買的，catnip是一個前端界面，它將augur預測市場和balancer結合在一起，balancer是一個uniswap風格的恒定功能做市商。catnip是迄今為止做預測市場交易最好用的界面，我覺得它對augur的可用性貢獻很大


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 8
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  。 cdp是dai的產生方式：使用者將eth存入一個smart contract，然後可以提出相當於eth價值2/3的dai，這些dai是新產生出來的。他們可以放入與自己之前提出相同金額的dai加上額外的利息費用（目前為3.5%），來取回抵押於其中的eth。如果你存入的eth抵押品價值下降到低於你取出的dai價值的150%，任何人都可以開始清算你的vault，強迫賣掉eth來買回dai，並向你收取高額罰金。因此，在價格突然變動的情況下，最好有較高的抵押率；我用價值超過$3的eth來當我提出$1的cdp抵押品。


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 8
eid: 2
type: NORP
entity:
  我重複操作了很多次；catnip上的滑價，代表我通常一次只能做大約$5000到$10000的交易，不然價格會變得太不利（如果我跳過foundry，直接用dai購買ntrump，基本上只能交易到接近$1000）。兩個月後，我已經累積了367,000個ntrump


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 9
eid: 4
type: GPE
entity:
  contract漏洞的恐懼」可能佔了很重要的一部分。但隨著時間的推移，我更加相信這大概不是一個主要因素。要想知道為什麽我這樣想，可以比較ytrump和itrump的價格。itrump代表「無效川普」；「無效」是指在一些特殊情況下會觸發的事件結果：當事件描述模糊不清時，當市場結束時真實生活的事件還沒有結束時，當市場本身不道德時（例如暗殺市場），以及其他一些類似情況。在這個市場上，itrump的價格始終保持在$0.02以下。如果有人想通過攻擊市場來賺取利潤，那麽他們不應該$0.15的價格買入ytrump，而應該以$0.02的價格買入itrump會更加有利可圖。如果他們買入大量的itrump，且迫使「無效」的結果被觸發，他們就能賺取50倍的回報。所以如果你害怕被攻擊，買入itrump是目前最理性的反應。然而很少有人這麽做


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 9
eid: 6
type: PERSON
entity:
  farming熱潮相比，這是相當不錯的選擇。但當你考慮到我必須在makerdao上做的操作時，看起來就沒這麼好賺了。因為我想保持在eth上的曝險不變，所以需要用cdp來獲得dai，而要安全使用cdp需要3倍以上的抵押比例。因此我實際需要鎖定的資金總額在$100萬左右


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
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entity:
  即使如此，假設鎖倉抵押有3倍，augur出事的可能性也有3%（我買itrump是為了以防萬一事件結果變成「無效」，所以我只需要擔心事件結果不小心變成「當選」的風險，或者資金被直接偷走），計算出來之後的無風險利率約為35%，如果你考慮人類直覺對風險的看法，結果上會讓利率看起來更低。當然這個交易還是非常有吸引力，只是換句話說，現在看來這個數字不吸引人也可以理解了，因為那些幣圈的人比較習慣頻繁的100倍漲跌


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
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type: PRODUCT
entity:
  。 川普的支持者，當然不用管這些挑戰：他們只投了$60,000，就能對消掉我$308,249的賭注（因為手續費的關係，我賺得比這個數字少）。當機率接近於0或1時，這個賭局對那些想要把機率推離兩端極值的人非常有利。這不僅解釋了川普的狀況，也解釋了那些小眾但沒有勝算的候選人經常獲得高達5%獲勝機率的原因。


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  」。 eliezer yudkowsky在他的優秀著作《inadequate equilibria》的後半部分就提出了這個理由，他認為太多人過度採取了「modest epistemology」此種態度（譯註：指心胸過度開放，接受一切不可解釋的現象起源於自己的無知），就算得出的結果代表大多數人其實不理性、懶惰、甚至大多數人只是搞錯了，我們還是應該根據我們自己得出的結果，更大膽的採取行動。當我第一次讀到這些段落的時候，我覺得elizer說錯了，他看起來太過自大。但經歷了這段事情後，我看到了他的立場其實有著一些智慧。 這不是我第一次親身體驗到「相信自己的推理」是多麼好的美德。當我最初開始研究ethereum的時候，我一開始被恐懼困擾，認為這個項目一定有一些不可避免的理由會失敗。你看，一個完全可程式化可以寫smart


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  contract功能的區塊鏈，比之前的區塊鏈好上這麼多，應該很多人都已經趕在我之前想過了對吧。所以我完全覺得我當時一發出這樣的想法後，很多聰明的密碼學家會跑來告訴我ethereum這樣的東西是理論上不可能實現的。然而，從來沒有人這麽做


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  當然，並不是每個人都患有過度謙虛的毛病。很多人預測川普會贏得大選，他們明顯被自己過度的為反而反給蒙蔽了。我年輕時努力讓自己不要這麼謙虛且恐懼，ethereum終得以受益，但還有其他更多的項目可以不需要如此的聰明過度而缺乏自信，避免失敗。 此人未為過度謙虛而感到困擾 但在我看來，正如yeats的名言，「最好的人缺乏信念，而最壞的人充滿激情」，這件事現在我看起來是如此的真實。雖然過度自信或為反而反兩者有時候都是錯的，但在我看來，我們應該要這樣想：「全盤相信學術機構、媒體、政府、市場上現存的解方和現象」這種觀點是不對的。仔細想想，這些機構會存在的原因其實正好就是因為


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
eid: 5
type: ORG
entity:
  ？ 讓我們從一個具體的例子開始。假設我們正試圖利用預測市場在決策a和決策b之間做出選擇，其中每個決策都有一定機率實現某種理想的結果。假設你的看法是，決策a有50%的機會實現目標，而決策b有45%的機會。與此同時，市場（在你看來是錯誤的）認為決策b有55%的機會，決策a有40%的機會。


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 12
eid: 5
type: PERSON
entity:
  ？ 這里的標準理論仰賴凱利公式。就是說，無論何時你都應該讓你的資產預期的對數最大化。在這種情況下，我們可以解下面的等式。假設你投資部分的資金r用$0.4元買了a-token。從你的角度來看，你預期的新的對數財富將是


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 15
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  我們可以看到預期的對數財富最大化的r值僅為0.0566。結論很清楚：當決策很接近，而且雜訊很大的時候，事實證明投資在市場的資金只能是一小部分，這樣才合理。這已經是假設理性的情況下了，因為大多數人對這種不確定結果的賭博的投資，比凱利公式預言的的要少。再加上資本成本，差距就更大了。但是，如果攻擊者真的不管為了什麼個人理由想要讓結果b發生，他們可以很簡單地將所有資本投進去買該token。總而言之，這個場景對攻擊者相當有利，超過20:1


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 15
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  當然，現實中的攻擊者很少願意把所有資金押在一個決策上。且futarchy也不是唯一容易被攻擊的機制：股票市場也同樣脆弱，非市場決策機制的部分也可以被有錢又有心的攻擊者以各種方式操縱。盡管如此，我們還是應該特別注意看看，到底futarchy能不能讓我們的決策準確率再創新高


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
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  有趣的是，數學告訴了我們當操縱者想要將結果推向極值時，futarchy反而能發揮最大作用。一個例子是責任保險，像是有人希望以不正當的方式獲得保險理賠時，這相當於強迫把市場估計不利事件發生的機率降到零。事實證明，責任保險是提出futarchy的robin


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 15
eid: 4
type: ORG
entity:
  ？ 我們最後要問的問題是：預測市場會重蹈覆轍嗎？像是12月初的時候，市場預測了川普有15%的機會推翻選舉結果，甚至在最高法院（包括他任命的三名法官）叫他滾蛋之後，市場還是預測有12%的機會川普能推翻選舉結果。或者隨著時間經過，市場能越變越好？出人意料地，我的答案完全偏樂觀，而且我有幾個保持樂觀的理由


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type: ORG
entity:
  。 加密貨幣是一個年輕的生態系統，與主流社會還相當脫節。雖然elon最近在twitter上發表了不少言論，我們還是可以看的出來圈子裡的人們對選舉政治學的方方面面不夠瞭解。那些選舉政治學方面的專家很難進入加密貨幣領域，而且加密貨幣圈子有很多為反而反的政治言論都不怎麼正確。但，今年在加密貨幣圈子內發生的事情是這樣的，正確的預期了拜登獲勝的預測市場使用者，其資本得到了18%的增長，而錯誤預測川普獲勝的預測市場使用者的資本得到了100%的減少（他們投入市場的部分）。


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
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type: PERSON
entity:
  因此，選擇壓力會有利於下注結果正確的人。經過十輪之後，好的預測者會有更多的資本去下注，而壞的預測者會有更少的資本去下注。這不需要任何人在過程中「變得更聰明」或「吸取教訓」，更不需要假設其他人類的推理和學習能力。這僅僅是選擇動力學的結果，隨著時間的推移，善於做出正確猜測的參與者將在生態系統中占據主導地位


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 15
eid: 8
type: PERSON
entity:
  技術也更好 第二，預測市場本身會有進步。使用者界面已經有了很大的改進，並將繼續進一步完善。makerdao->foundry->catnip現在雖然很複雜，但會被被抽象為單一交易。區塊鏈的擴容技術也會進步，降低參與者的手續費（內建amm的zk-rollup


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 17
eid: 4
type: PERSON
entity:
  其他新出現的token），沒有任何有意義的產出。當然也有批評者沒有注意到的例子；我個人從ens中受益，而且遇過幾次信用卡完全不能用的例子，最後只好使用eth進行支付時。但，在過去的幾個月裡，我們似乎看到了ethereum的應用真的對人們有用了，開始與現實世界互動。預測市場就是一個重要的例子


id: blog-on-transaction-fees-and-the-fallacy-of-market-based-solutions
sid: 45
eid: 1
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  less than 0.00001worthofelectricityanddatastorage.thereasonwhytransactionfeesneedtobehighisbecausethat0.00001


id: blog-on-transaction-fees-and-the-fallacy-of-market-based-solutions
sid: 51
eid: 2
type: GPE
entity:
  whathappensoncefeesbecomealargershareofaminer’srevenueandminershavealargeincentivetotrytomaximizetheirtake?theobviousansweris


id: blog-on-transaction-fees-and-the-fallacy-of-market-based-solutions
sid: 59
eid: 3
type: MONEY
entity:
  between 0.00099,butwhatisalsohappeningisthatmanyofthetransactionsenderswhowereaddingbetween0.00001 and $


id: vitalik-legitimacy_ES
sid: 79
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  legitimidad por fuerza bruta: alguien convence a todos de que son lo suficientemente poderosos como para imponer su voluntad y resistirlos será muy difícil


id: vitalik-legitimacy_ES
sid: 102
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  pero en la capa de aplicaciones cada vez más rica en la que se crean constantemente nuevos protocolos


id: vitalik-legitimacy_ES
sid: 127
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  podemos fortalecer aún más este incipiente ecosistema de financiamiento de bienes públicos tomando el modelo de bitshares y haciendo una modificación: en lugar de brindar el apoyo comunitario más fuerte


id: vitalik-legitimacy_ES
sid: 147
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  por concepciones de legitimidad respaldadas públicamente tiene un valor que va mucho más allá del ecosistema ethereum


id: vitalik-rollup_ES
sid: 86
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  anatomía de prueba de fraude la seguridad de un rollup de optimistic depende de la idea de que si alguien publica


id: vitalik-rollup_ES
sid: 110
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  un rollup de optimistic porque esos datos aún deberían incluirse en la cadena en caso de que deban verificarse más tarde en una prueba de fraude


id: vitalik-zkevm_TR
sid: 7
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  farklılıklar bulunmakta ve bunlar pratiklik ile hız arasındaki değiş tokuşları nasıl yaptıklarını belirlemektedir.


id: vitalik-zkevm_TR
sid: 74
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  evm yürütülme işleminin tüm farklı bölümlerini zk-kanıtlamayarak ve doğrudan yüksek seviye koddan başlayarak önlenebilecek çok sayıda


id: vitalik-zkevm_TR
sid: 104
eid: 6
type: PERSON
entity:
  kodu dengi bir implementasyonunu içeren bir yapılandırma formatını destekleyerek evrensel ön-derleme


id: vitalik-pos2020_zhTW
sid: 8
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entity:
  值得注意的是，如此高的安全性帶來的「代價」，只是讓你在抵押時無法任意移動資金而已。人們有可能認知到，這些幣被鎖住之後反而造成了幣的價值攀升，因而造成在社群流通的貨幣總數、像是用於投資生產活動的資金，反而會維持不變。反觀


id: vitalik-pos2020_zhTW
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eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  」）。 兩種方式都行。我個人喜歡後者，因為我們在下文會看到，跟工作量證明相比，在權益證明中的成功攻擊會造成更少的傷害，而且鏈更容易從攻擊中復原。 權益證明更容易從攻擊中復原 在工作量證明的系統，如果你的鏈遭受


id: blog-the-evolution-of-ethereum
sid: 8
eid: 14
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entity:
  andthosewhowereluckyenoughtotakeup<ahref="http://www.contravex.com/2014/07/23/a−guide−to−buying−5000−ether−bitcoin−2−5x−more−than−ethereums−genesis−sale/">mirceapopescu′soffer</a>


id: blog-ether-sale-a-statistical-overview
sid: 18
eid: 2
type: EVENT
entity:
  https://docs.google.com/a/ethereum.org/spreadsheets/d/1gs9pzsdmx9lk0xgskedr_aoi02riq3mpryventvum68/gviz/chartiframe?oid=168457404 https://docs.google.com/a/ethereum.org/spreadsheets/d/1gs9pzsdmx9lk0xgskedr_aoi02riq3mpryventvum68/gviz/chartiframe?oid=846945325


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
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type: ORG
entity:
  分钟处，保罗·约翰逊给出了一个简短的答案。他指出，美洲殖民早期，宗教性殖民地的成功率比盈利性殖民高，因为前者有使命感。略长一点的答案则是，在一个初创社会，你不是去请求人们购买某个产品（经济性的、具有个人主义色彩的营销），而是请求他们加入一个社区（文化层面上的、具有集体主义色彩的宣传）。 宗教社群的承诺悖论（commitment paradox）是关键：与人们的直觉相反，对成员要求最高的宗教社群反而最为持久


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 3
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entity:
  巴拉吉在《网络国家》中的观点，我姑且做出这样的阐释：我们的确需要那些不仅由经济利益，也由道德力量绑定在一起的政治团体，虽然如此，我们却不必将自己束缚在现今任何特定的政治团体上，它们已经漏洞百出，而且越来越无法代表民众的价值观。我们能够、而且应该，创造出新的更好的集体，而巴拉吉的


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
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entity:
  但很快，巴拉吉的举例的确开始指向一些更具体的主题：对美国左翼「觉醒派」的极度厌恶（以纽约时报为代表）；对中共威权主义的强烈不适，与理解其情理之中对美国的惧怕杂糅在一起；他欣赏美国右翼对自由的热爱（以比特币至上主义者为代表），但又不喜欢他们对合作和秩序所抱持的敌意。 接下来，巴拉吉总结了


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
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  近代历史上的数次政治重组，最终，我们得到了他的当今政治核心模型：纽约时报（nyt）、中共（ccp）、比特币（btc）构成的三角关系： https://vitalik.ca/images/networkstates/nytccpbtc.png


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
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entity:
  我确实认为，即使不认同巴拉吉的某些逻辑，也仍然可以支持网络国家这一构想，反之亦然。但首先应该解释一下，为什么我认为巴拉吉觉得在问题和解决方案这两者上，他的看法是不可分割的。大致上，巴拉吉对同样的问题热衷已久；在


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 12
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  要想表明网络国家是保护自由和资本主义的唯一途径，就必须说明为什么美国做不到。如果美国，或者「自由民主秩序」运转得好好的，就没必要寻找替代品。我们应该只在全球协作和法治上加强建设。但如果美国处于不可逆转的衰退之中，而它的对手正在崛起，事情就相当不同了。那么，网络国家就能够「在不自由的世界里守护自由的价值观」；而臆想「好人当权」的霸权思维则做不到


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 12
eid: 3
type: DATE
entity:
  的人口。保护言论自由的宪法第一修正案在美国境外不适用。很多富裕国家的治理已经陷入僵化，我们确实需要尝试一些治理创新的方法。网络国家可以填补这个空白。美国这类国家可以容留很多网络国家，吸引世界各地的人加入。成功的网络国家甚至可以作为政策典范供其他国家效仿。另一方面，设想一下如果 2024


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 12
eid: 4
type: ORG
entity:
  上述两种视角与很多对巴拉吉式大政治观的异议可以并存。因此，无论支持还是反对巴拉吉式的网络国家，我们终究还是不得不讨论网络国家这个理念。尽管不乏谨慎，而且在网络国家如何运作方面的想法不同，但我个人对它的看法是友善的


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
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eid: 1
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entity:
  等零知识证明技术，为人们选择公开的内容提供链上证明，而不必披露其它隐私。域名系统，如以太坊域名服务（ens）和索拉纳域名服务（sns）给链上交易附加了身份信息。注册系统则在纯粹的交易层级之上，提供了抽象化公司的链上代表，比如财务报表，甚至是像 dao


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 14
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  citydao 风格的居民 nft；将区块链与零知识证明加密算法相结合，开展确保隐私保护的投票，还有很多。区块链是加密金融和加密治理的乐高组件：在实现透明的协议规则来治理公共资源、资产和激励方面，它们都是非常有效的工具。


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
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type: ORG
entity:
  ？ 无可避免地，信奉「私产至上」的自由意志主义者遭遇到了一些重大问题，比如在公共物品资助方面表现出的无能为力。有鉴于此，二十一世纪任何成功倡导自由的计划，都不得不成为一个混合体，即，至少包含一个用来解决起码


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
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type: CARDINAL
entity:
  3、你所作的任何特定的事，在某些司法官辖区内都可能是允许的。通过增加这样的机会来反抗监管体制中的泛保守主义，比如，机构化了的生物伦理学已经变成了一项臭名昭著的保守事业。在这样的体制下，医学实验出差错死了 20


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 18
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  第二方面让人振奋，它解决了政治中的一个主要问题。初创企业的早期阶段有些像后期阶段的迷你版，但政治领域不同，其早期阶段是公共论说的游戏，经常选出与实践运作中迥异的东西。如果在网络国家中治理构想能常常付诸实现，我们就可以摆脱巧言善辩的「自由主义空谈者」，转而成为更加平衡的「自由主义实干家」，各种理念的成败将取决于它们在小规模实践中的表现。我们甚至可以将两个方面结合起来：为那些希望每年自动参与一项新治理实验的人们创造一个区域，将其作为一种生活方式


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 18
eid: 2
type: NORP
entity:
  西方和中国都变成某种低增长的保守主义；我热衷于看到主权国家之间的协调不善限制了一些事情的执行力度，比如全球版权保护法；我还担忧，未来的监控技术，将导致全球陷入一种高度自我强化的、无法摆脱的可怕的政治均势。但在一些特定的领域（咳咳，怀有敌意的人工智能的风险）我是敬而远之的


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 19
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  创始人将道德直觉和从历史中得来的经验教训结晶为具体的哲学，而其道德直觉与该哲学相吻合的人，将会围绕着这个项目凝聚到一起。在早期阶段这很合理——虽然它绝对不是启动初创社会的唯一方式。但发展到后期会发生什么呢？马克-扎克伯格（mark zuckerberg）在脸书的初创阶段作为中心化的创始人或许有其必要，但他作为亿万市值（和数十亿的用户）的公司掌舵人就是另一回事了。或者，巴拉吉的眼中钉，掌管着「纽约时报」的第五代世袭白人奥克斯-苏兹伯格王朝（ochs


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 21
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  答案是什么呢？老实说，我看不到。网络国家的一个好处是他们可以建在贫穷国家，然后吸引海外的富裕人群，这有助于当地经济。但对于想要离开穷国的人来说，这并没有意义。在现有主权国家中以传统的政治行动来推动移民法案松绑，可能是唯一选项


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 21
eid: 4
type: PERSON
entity:
  ——如果旧金山运转失衡，你可以搬到奥斯汀或者其他科技城——但在国家层面，这根本行不通，事实上也历来如此——有钱的币圈人搬到比如新加坡这样的国家，或波多黎各这样的地区，但仍然高度依赖于功能强大的政府提供的基础设施和机构。但俄罗斯正在使人们更加清楚地认识到，这种战略注定要失败，因为归根到底，我们无处可逃。跟以往的时代不同，如今大国的长臂管辖，可以触及全世界任何一个角落。


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 21
eid: 6
type: DATE
entity:
  ？ 如果我们有一百个较少监管的创新实验室，分布在全球各处，可能会导致我们的世界对危险事物更加难以防范。这引申出一个问题：要相信巴拉吉主义，是否必须先相信这个世界的负外部性问题不大？这个观点与「脆弱地球假说」（vulnerable


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 22
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  research），但我们也可以运用网络国家开辟一条道路，让这个世界采用优质的 高效空气过滤器、远紫外光、早期检测 基础设施 和快速研发、部署疫苗的通道，不仅能击败新冠，甚至更加凶险的病毒。这个 八万个小时的节目


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 23
eid: 6
type: PERSON
entity:
  ）。 其中一些身份认同强烈且紧密的对话型网络，开始形成他们自己的经济循环系统，且有着清晰的示例——或许不止一个——这让培育社区自身的自主性成为目标，这就是我们所说的「新威尼斯网络」（neo-venetianist


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 23
eid: 7
type: ORG
entity:
  。 与传统的合作主义不同，「新威尼斯网络」并非来自真正的邻近社区，他们的本地连接并不产生认同。比如，在印第安诺基金会（indianos' foundation）中，有位于两个国家和三个自治区的居民，而基金会又是两个相隔百公里开外的公司创立的。 我们可以看到一些非常巴拉吉式的观点：共享的集体身份，但围绕着价值观而不是地理位置，从线上的论坛社区开始，逐步落实成型，进而占据经济生活的一大部分。乌加特甚至和巴拉吉用了一模一样的隐喻


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 30
eid: 4
type: PERSON
entity:
  ——他们并不愿意只是被塞进波兰呆上十年，直到波兰也被入侵——以及，为了所有尚未准备好迁往网络国家、或尚未被任何一个网络国家接纳的，所有的人们。 网络国家，还需要做出一些修正，以推动更民主的治理，加强与周边社区的积极关系，或许，还要再加上一些如何帮助大众的方式？这是我愿意追求的愿景。


id: blog-ethereum-comms-announcement
sid: 6
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://gitter.im/ethereum/cpp-ethereum https://gitter.im/ethereum/pyethereum https://gitter.im/ethereum/go-ethereum https://gitter.im/ethereum/mist https://gitter.im/ethereum/web3.js


id: blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i
sid: 73
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://letstalkbitcoin.com/is-bitcoin-overpaying-for-false-security/ http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7119/bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world/


id: vitalik-gas_analysis
sid: 29
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  block":4710372,"coinbase":"0x52bc44d5378309ee2abf1539bf71de1b7d7be3b5","deciles":[1,30,35,40,40,40,40,40,40,55,100],"free":13320,"timedelta":7


id: vitalik-gas_analysis
sid: 29
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entity:
  block":4710379,"coinbase":"0x5a0b54d5dc17e0aadc383d2db43b0a0d3e029c4c","deciles":[21,25,31,40,40,40,40,40,40,50,80],"free":4979,"timedelta":13


id: blog-stake
sid: 139
eid: 2
type: GPE
entity:
  thenproofofworkisdefinitelytherightwaytogo.butarguablythatisnotthecase.whatifsocietydoesnotseedecentralizationasagoalinitself


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_Polish
sid: 29
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  niedocenianie treści internetowych generowanych przez użytkowników jest istotnym problemem w społeczeństwie


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_Polish
sid: 118
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  są tylko szczególnymi przypadkami ogólnego problemu identyfikacji publicznych dóbr i publicznych krzywd


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
sid: 46
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  f8b2f8aea00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a01dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347940000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0bcddd284bf396739c224dba0411566c891c32115feb998a3e2b4e61f3f35582a80834000008087038d7ea4c68000830f4240808080a004994f67dc55b09e814ab7ffc8df3686b4afb2bb53e60eae97ef043fe03fb829c0c0


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
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entity:
  f83c8085e8d4a510008227108080af6025515b525b600a37f260003556601b596020356000355760015b525b54602052f260255860005b525b54602052f2 tx=pyethtool sign


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
sid: 50
eid: 7
type: MONEY
entity:
  $key echo $tx f87f8085e8d4a510008227108080af6025515b525b600a37f260003556601b596020356000355760015b525b54602052f260255860005b525b54602052f21ca04565b5a48b29ef623ad2caffe0917a3fc6a6f1b50f1df06876f3caa6fb4957c6a0123c928257c1f248fb3d362c125a0aea091ab08467efb52f8c3676ca73d727bf


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entity:
  000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000067656f726765000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002d


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entity:
  f8a50185e8d4a5100082271094da7ce79725418f4f6e13bf5f520c89cec5f6a97480b840000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000067656f726765000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002d1ba064363844c718f0f38907d39508adb2c2b9134e52e7d436fb20965044c01f41c2a0e1123d26cf810c4ef9d397974e2fc336d16e452d71df3c3d7245b40ed12c603b


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
sid: 67
eid: 9
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  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


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
sid: 72
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_IT
sid: 46
eid: 8
type: PERSON
entity:
  governi ostili creeranno sicuramente milioni di passaporti falsi se siamo abbastanza stupidi da realizzare sistemi


id: brody-ideologies-2021
sid: 590
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://consensys.net/blog/news/programmable-blockchains-in-context-ethereum-smart-contracts-and-the-world-computer/ https://consensys.net/blog/news/programmable-blockchains-in-context-ethereum-smart-contracts-and-the-world-computer/


id: brody-ideologies-2021
sid: 594
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://hackernoon.com/left-right-political-ideologies-of-hodlers-part-1-faa71ed689e4 https://hackernoon.com/left-right-political-ideologies-of-hodlers-part-1-faa71ed689e4 https://hackernoon.com/left-right-political-ideologies-of-hodlers-part-1-faa71ed689e4 https://cryptoslate.com/how-many-ethereum-in-circulation-asks-the-bitcoin-community/ https://cryptoslate.com/how-many-ethereum-in-circulation-asks-the-bitcoin-community/ https://cryptoslate.com/how-many-ethereum-in-circulation-asks-the-bitcoin-community/ https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/05/cryptocurrency-ponzi-schemes/528624/


id: brody-ideologies-2021
sid: 643
eid: 3
type: MONEY
entity:
  12 https://www.investopedia.com/news/why-ethereum-cofounder-proposing-hard-cap/#:~:text=ethereum https://www.investopedia.com/news/why-ethereum-cofounder-proposing-hard-cap/#:~:text=ethereum https://www.investopedia.com/news/why-ethereum-cofounder-proposing-hard-cap/#:~:text=ethereum https://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/17/automated-company-raises-equivalent-of-120-million-in-digital-currency.html https://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/17/automated-company-raises-equivalent-of-120-million-in-digital-currency.html


id: brody-ideologies-2021
sid: 645
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2580664 http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2580664 http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2580664 https://medium.com/ppio/ethereum-2-0-the-road-to-being-the-worlds-computer-663d4e6a90f1 https://medium.com/ppio/ethereum-2-0-the-road-to-being-the-worlds-computer-663d4e6a90f1 https://medium.com/ppio/ethereum-2-0-the-road-to-being-the-worlds-computer-663d4e6a90f1


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
sid: 29
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  ethereum.org http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fwww.weidai.com%2fbmoney.txt&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcneythbdnq0vi1g--o4hwyuoscbiqa


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
sid: 329
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  ethereum.org http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fblog.ethereum.org%2f2014%2f03%2f28%2fschellingcoin-a-minimal-trust-universal-data-feed%2f&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcneu0_xce1ultcmndljsc9xyip96cq http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fwww.cl.cam.ac.uk%2f%257efms27%2fpapers%2f2008-stajanocla-cyberdice.pdf&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcne0-foadvtzjxtgwxmitcf363zkww http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fhanson.gmu.edu%2ffutarchy.html&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnh-mxj9s_pcwjyedffj_gk0zoajsa   miscellanea


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
sid: 482
eid: 4
type: ORG
entity:
  ethereum.org http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fbitcoinmagazine.com%2f8640%2fan-exploration-of-intrinsic-value-what-it-is-why-bitcoin-doesnt-have-it-and-why-bitcoin-does-have-it%2f&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnhihj5joz_hutamkn106c0c2k7t7w https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fen.bitcoin.it%2fwiki%2fsmart_property&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnelwkf15lophty2dnlvkzibh2sdww https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fen.bitcoin.it%2fwiki%2fcontracts&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnfhamrwxsdixvlygdn0cgpervuhtq http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3a%2f%2fwww.weidai.com%2fbmoney.txt&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcneythbdnq0vi1g--o4hwyuoscbiqa


id: buterin-ethereum-2014
sid: 487
eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fgithub.com%2fethereum%2fwiki%2fwiki%2f%255benglish%255d-rlp&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcngea9ti9rk93ndhd11kkkrxymdega https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3a%2f%2fgithub.com%2fethereum%2fwiki%2fwiki%2f%255benglish%255d-patricia-tree&sa=d&sntz=1&usg=afqjcnffj9qkmnjwzbulvlmmwzqulrlu7w


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_Portuguese
sid: 55
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  o objetivo ideal de um sistema de identidade é tornar relativamente fácil para os indivíduos obter uma identidade


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_Portuguese
sid: 145
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  mecanismos que não dependem de qualquer modelo de identidade e apenas dependem de moedas fundamentalmente não conseguem


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_Portuguese
sid: 164
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  dos indivíduos que se identificam uns sobre os outros seja introduzido numa espécie de modelo de identidade mais


id: blog-scalability-part-2-hypercubes
sid: 70
eid: 1
type: GPE
entity:
  https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/08/16/secret-sharing-erasure-coding-guide-aspiring-dropbox-decentralizer/


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_DE
sid: 44
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  da sehr wohlhabende menschen und kartelle immer noch genügend mittel zur selbst-promotion bekommen können.


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_DE
sid: 108
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  ein weiteres mögliches beispiel für futarchy ist ein verwaltungssystem für ein projekt mit einem token


id: vitalik-On_Collusion_DE
sid: 163
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  eine gruppe von freunden könnte zusammenkommen und auf der gleichen couch sitzen und abstimmungen koordinieren


id: vitalik-quadratic
sid: 121
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://kortina.nyc/essays/speech-is-free-distribution-is-not-a-tax-on-the-purchase-of-human-attention-and-political-power/


id: wood-etherium-2024
sid: 214
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://nonbinary.miraheze.org/wiki/gender_neutral_language_in_english#aunt/uncle https://nonbinary.miraheze.org/wiki/gender_neutral_language_in_english#aunt/uncle


id: wood-etherium-2024
sid: 806
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  https://github.com/ethereum/yellowpaper/ https://github.com/ethereum/yellowpaper/ https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf


id: wood-etherium-2024
sid: 878
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://drive.google.com/file/d/0bw0vxjkbgypms0j2vgiywwlocms/edit?usp=sharing https://drive.google.com/file/d/0bw0vxjkbgypms0j2vgiywwlocms/edit?usp=sharing http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf https://github.com/colored-coins/colored-coins-protocol-specification https://github.com/colored-coins/colored-coins-protocol-specification


id: wood-etherium-2024
sid: 881
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/548 http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/548


# pos

id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 1
tid: 36
pos: PROPN
token:
  在任何大规模的生态中，公共物品都是无比重要的主题。但同时，"公共物品"也令人惊讶地难以定义。经济学家对"公共物品"是这样定义的：公共物品是那些非排他也非竞争性的物品。"非排他"和"非竞争"两个经济学专业术语合在一起的表述，意味着从私人财产和市场的角度来提供公共物品是十分困难的。门外汉们对于"公共物品"也有一个定义："一切对公共有益处的事物都是公共物品"。同时，民主人士对"公共物品"也提出了一个定义，为之添加了公众参与决策的含义

lemma:
  在任何大规模的生态中，公共物品都是无比重要的主题。但同时，"公共物品"也令人惊讶地难以定义。经济学家对"公共物品"是这样定义的：公共物品是那些非排他也非竞争性的物品。"非排他"和"非竞争"两个经济学专业术语合在一起的表述，意味着从私人财产和市场的角度来提供公共物品是十分困难的。门外汉们对于"公共物品"也有一个定义："一切对公共有益处的事物都是公共物品"。同时，民主人士对"公共物品"也提出了一个定义，为之添加了公众参与决策的含义


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 1
tid: 38
pos: PROPN
token:
  然而，更重要的是，当抽象的非排他性非竞争性公共物品在与真实的世界互动时，几乎每一个具体的例子都包含无数微妙的边缘案例，需要因地制宜、具体案例具体分析。例如，一座公园是一个公共物品。但假如你对每个进入公园的人都收取

lemma:
  然而，更重要的是，当抽象的非排他性非竞争性公共物品在与真实的世界互动时，几乎每一个具体的例子都包含无数微妙的边缘案例，需要因地制宜、具体案例具体分析。例如，一座公园是一个公共物品。但假如你对每个进入公园的人都收取


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 1
tid: 40
pos: SYM
token:
  美金的门票钱呢？要是你通过拍卖在公园中心广场上树立价高者雕像的权力来为其募资呢？再或者这座公园是由一名半利他主义的亿万富丰出资建造、修葺、维护的，她享受这座公园作为她的个人用途、她将这座公园设计成自己喜欢的模样，但同时又允许任何路过的人踏进公园小坐一会儿、抑或和友人并肩散步谈天呢

lemma:
  美金的门票钱呢？要是你通过拍卖在公园中心广场上树立价高者雕像的权力来为其募资呢？再或者这座公园是由一名半利他主义的亿万富丰出资建造、修葺、维护的，她享受这座公园作为她的个人用途、她将这座公园设计成自己喜欢的模样，但同时又允许任何路过的人踏进公园小坐一会儿、抑或和友人并肩散步谈天呢


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 1
tid: 46
pos: NOUN
token:
  邪恶曲线****。我们抛出这样一个问题：不同方式的货币化项目的权衡是什么，以及通过增加外部补贴来消除货币化的压力可以做多少好事？这远不同于一个普世的框架：它假定在一个单一的"社区"中存在"混合经济"环境，有一个商业市场和一个中央资助者的补贴。但它仍旧能够在"如何在如今的加密社区、加密国家和许多其他现实世界背景下为公共产品提供资金"这方面教会我们很多道理

lemma:
  邪恶曲线****。我们抛出这样一个问题：不同方式的货币化项目的权衡是什么，以及通过增加外部补贴来消除货币化的压力可以做多少好事？这远不同于一个普世的框架：它假定在一个单一的"社区"中存在"混合经济"环境，有一个商业市场和一个中央资助者的补贴。但它仍旧能够在"如何在如今的加密社区、加密国家和许多其他现实世界背景下为公共产品提供资金"这方面教会我们很多道理


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 2
tid: 29
pos: PROPN
token:
  以上都是很好也很重要的分析。排他性告诉我们你是否能够通过收费作为一种商业模式来资助这个项目，而竞争性则告诉我们排他性是否是一种悲剧性的浪费。或者说，这是否只是有关物品的一个不可避免的属性，即如果一个人得到了它，另一个人就得不到。但如果我们仔细地思考其中的一些例子，尤其是数字相关的例子，我们可以发现，这其中忽略了一个非常重要的问题：除了排他性之外，还有很多商业模式可供选择，这些商业模式也有取舍

lemma:
  以上都是很好也很重要的分析。排他性告诉我们你是否能够通过收费作为一种商业模式来资助这个项目，而竞争性则告诉我们排他性是否是一种悲剧性的浪费。或者说，这是否只是有关物品的一个不可避免的属性，即如果一个人得到了它，另一个人就得不到。但如果我们仔细地思考其中的一些例子，尤其是数字相关的例子，我们可以发现，这其中忽略了一个非常重要的问题：除了排他性之外，还有很多商业模式可供选择，这些商业模式也有取舍


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 2
tid: 31
pos: NOUN
token:
  思考这样一个特殊的案例：戴卫的播客和尹芙的歌。在现实中，大量的播客是基本或完全免费发布的，但歌曲更多是以许可和版权限制为门槛。要知道个中原因，我们只需要明白这些播客是如何得到资助的：赞助。播客主持人通常寻找几个赞助人，并在每一集播客的开始或中间简短地为赞助人打一打广告。但赞助歌曲更难：你不能在唱一首缱绻的情歌时突兀地中途停下来并开始讲起

lemma:
  思考这样一个特殊的案例：戴卫的播客和尹芙的歌。在现实中，大量的播客是基本或完全免费发布的，但歌曲更多是以许可和版权限制为门槛。要知道个中原因，我们只需要明白这些播客是如何得到资助的：赞助。播客主持人通常寻找几个赞助人，并在每一集播客的开始或中间简短地为赞助人打一打广告。但赞助歌曲更难：你不能在唱一首缱绻的情歌时突兀地中途停下来并开始讲起


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 7
tid: 9
pos: VERB
token:
  第三优先考虑的是非商品类私人物品，在这些物品中，社会福利已经通过收费得到优化，但利润率很高，或者更普遍的是存在"污染"产品以增加收入的机会。例如，通过保持伴随的软件闭源或拒绝使用标准，补贴可以用来推动这些项目在边际上做出更亲社会的选择

lemma:
  第三优先考虑的是非商品类私人物品，在这些物品中，社会福利已经通过收费得到优化，但利润率很高，或者更普遍的是存在"污染"产品以增加收入的机会。例如，通过保持伴随的软件闭源或拒绝使用标准，补贴可以用来推动这些项目在边际上做出更亲社会的选择


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 7
tid: 29
pos: NOUN
token:
  捐款，因为我一直认为她们能够也应该不依靠有限的公益资金来资助自己，只需增加一些广告。而这对她们的用户体验和中立性来说只是一个很小的代价。然而，维基百科的管理员不同意；她们甚至有一个维基页面列出了她们不同意的论据

lemma:
  捐款，因为我一直认为她们能够也应该不依靠有限的公益资金来资助自己，只需增加一些广告。而这对她们的用户体验和中立性来说只是一个很小的代价。然而，维基百科的管理员不同意；她们甚至有一个维基页面列出了她们不同意的论据


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 7
tid: 55
pos: PROPN
token:
  由于这些原因，最好的办法可能是不把该框架作为直接分配决策的方式，而是确定哪些类型的项目应优先获得资金的一般原则。例如，该框架可以成为确定如何对整个行业或整个类别的物品进行优先排序的有效方式。它可以帮助你回答这样的问题：如果一家公司正在生产一种公共物品，或者在设计一种不完全是公共物品的物品的过程中做出了有利于社会但经济成本很高的选择，她们是否应该为此获得补贴？但即使是这样，最好也是把收入

lemma:
  由于这些原因，最好的办法可能是不把该框架作为直接分配决策的方式，而是确定哪些类型的项目应优先获得资金的一般原则。例如，该框架可以成为确定如何对整个行业或整个类别的物品进行优先排序的有效方式。它可以帮助你回答这样的问题：如果一家公司正在生产一种公共物品，或者在设计一种不完全是公共物品的物品的过程中做出了有利于社会但经济成本很高的选择，她们是否应该为此获得补贴？但即使是这样，最好也是把收入


id: vitalik-revenue_evil_zhCN
sid: 8
tid: 8
pos: PROPN
token:
  美金的货币化压力，可以避免多少伤害？有时，缓解货币化压力的收益是决定性的：就是没有办法通过商业渠道来资助某些种类的东西，直到你能找到一个从它们中受益的单一用户，足以单方面资助它们。其他时候，商业资金的选择是存在的，但有着有害的副作用。有时这些影响较小，有时较大。有时，个人项目的一小部分在亲社会的选择和增加货币化之间有明显的权衡。还有一些时候，项目只是自己筹资，没有必要对其进行补贴

lemma:
  美金的货币化压力，可以避免多少伤害？有时，缓解货币化压力的收益是决定性的：就是没有办法通过商业渠道来资助某些种类的东西，直到你能找到一个从它们中受益的单一用户，足以单方面资助它们。其他时候，商业资金的选择是存在的，但有着有害的副作用。有时这些影响较小，有时较大。有时，个人项目的一小部分在亲社会的选择和增加货币化之间有明显的权衡。还有一些时候，项目只是自己筹资，没有必要对其进行补贴


id: vitalik-zkevm_zhTW
sid: 5
tid: 6
pos: PROPN
token:
  為求完全複製以太坊運作，因此沒有避開低效率的證明流程。就現階段來說，從以太坊既有區塊產生零知識證明，要花上好幾個小時。然而，這個障礙可以透過巧妙的工程設計，大幅提升驗證者平行化產出零知識證明的能力，或建構出

lemma:
  為求完全複製以太坊運作，因此沒有避開低效率的證明流程。就現階段來說，從以太坊既有區塊產生零知識證明，要花上好幾個小時。然而，這個障礙可以透過巧妙的工程設計，大幅提升驗證者平行化產出零知識證明的能力，或建構出


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 2
tid: 23
pos: CCONJ
token:
  在2020年美國總統大選，預測市場似乎終於進入了鎂光燈下，像是區塊鏈上的市場，就從2016年的近乎不存在，到2020年擁有了數以百萬美元的交易量。我個人密切關注ethereum應用跨越鴻溝被大眾採用，所以這當然引起了我的興趣。起初我傾向於只看，自己不參與：我不是美國選舉政治的專家，我為什麽會自以為我的觀點會比已經在交易的人更正確呢？但，在我的twitter同溫層中，我看到了越來越多我尊敬的「非常聰明的人」，提出了市場事實上真的很不理性的論點，所以如果可以的話我應該參與市場然後和他們對賭。最後我被說服了

lemma:
  在2020年美國總統大選，預測市場似乎終於進入了鎂光燈下，像是區塊鏈上的市場，就從2016年的近乎不存在，到2020年擁有了數以百萬美元的交易量。我個人密切關注ethereum應用跨越鴻溝被大眾採用，所以這當然引起了我的興趣。起初我傾向於只看，自己不參與：我不是美國選舉政治的專家，我為什麽會自以為我的觀點會比已經在交易的人更正確呢？但，在我的twitter同溫層中，我看到了越來越多我尊敬的「非常聰明的人」，提出了市場事實上真的很不理性的論點，所以如果可以的話我應該參與市場然後和他們對賭。最後我被說服了


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 2
tid: 25
pos: PROPN
token:
  我決定在這個我參與創立的區塊鏈上做個實驗：我在augur買了價值$2000的ntrump（如果川普輸了，每個token值$1）。我當時太天真，沒有想到我後來的部位會增加到$308,249，賺了超過$56,803的利潤。更沒想到的是，我還會把剩下的賭注全部拿來和願意和我交易的對手對賭，而且還是下在川普已經輸掉大選之後。在接下來的兩個月裡發生的事情，會成為社會心理學、專業知識、套利和市場效率極限的一個產生十分重要結果的案例研究。這樣的結果對任何對想要設計經濟誘因機制的人有著重要的意義

lemma:
  我決定在這個我參與創立的區塊鏈上做個實驗：我在augur買了價值$2000的ntrump（如果川普輸了，每個token值$1）。我當時太天真，沒有想到我後來的部位會增加到$308,249，賺了超過$56,803的利潤。更沒想到的是，我還會把剩下的賭注全部拿來和願意和我交易的對手對賭，而且還是下在川普已經輸掉大選之後。在接下來的兩個月裡發生的事情，會成為社會心理學、專業知識、套利和市場效率極限的一個產生十分重要結果的案例研究。這樣的結果對任何對想要設計經濟誘因機制的人有著重要的意義


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 2
tid: 28
pos: PROPN
token:
  我在這次大選的第一個賭注其實根本不是押在區塊鏈上。當kanye在7月宣布競選總統時，有一位我讓我相當尊重的政治學家（因為他的思路獨特且高水準），在twitter上聲稱他有信心這會分化反川普的選票，導致川普獲勝。我記得，當時我認為他這種特別的觀點有些過於自信，甚至有可能是在腦中過度推論造成的結果

lemma:
  我在這次大選的第一個賭注其實根本不是押在區塊鏈上。當kanye在7月宣布競選總統時，有一位我讓我相當尊重的政治學家（因為他的思路獨特且高水準），在twitter上聲稱他有信心這會分化反川普的選票，導致川普獲勝。我記得，當時我認為他這種特別的觀點有些過於自信，甚至有可能是在腦中過度推論造成的結果


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 2
tid: 31
pos: NUM
token:
  9月，大選話題又出現在我的視野內，這次是預測市場引起了我的注意。市場給出了川普近50%的勝算。但在我的twitter同溫層中，我看到了越來越多我尊敬的「非常聰明的人」，都在說著一件事：這個數字似乎太高了。這當然就引出了我們熟悉的「效率市場之爭」：如果你能以$0.52的價格買到一個如果川普輸了就給你$1的token，而川普實際輸掉的機率比這要高得多，為什麽人們不乾脆來買這個token，這樣價格最後才會漲得更高？如果沒有人這麽做，你又憑什麽認為自己比別人聰明

lemma:
  9月，大選話題又出現在我的視野內，這次是預測市場引起了我的注意。市場給出了川普近50%的勝算。但在我的twitter同溫層中，我看到了越來越多我尊敬的「非常聰明的人」，都在說著一件事：這個數字似乎太高了。這當然就引出了我們熟悉的「效率市場之爭」：如果你能以$0.52的價格買到一個如果川普輸了就給你$1的token，而川普實際輸掉的機率比這要高得多，為什麽人們不乾脆來買這個token，這樣價格最後才會漲得更高？如果沒有人這麽做，你又憑什麽認為自己比別人聰明


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 3
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  ne0liberal在選舉日之前的推很好地總結了他當時覺得預測市場不準確的理由。簡單來說，2020年以前大多數人使用的（非區塊鏈）預測市場有各種限制，使得人們只能用少量的現金來參與。因此，如果一個非常聰明的個人或專業機構看到了一個他們認為是錯誤的機率，他們把價格推向「他們認為正確的方向」的能力相當受限

lemma:
  ne0liberal在選舉日之前的推很好地總結了他當時覺得預測市場不準確的理由。簡單來說，2020年以前大多數人使用的（非區塊鏈）預測市場有各種限制，使得人們只能用少量的現金來參與。因此，如果一個非常聰明的個人或專業機構看到了一個他們認為是錯誤的機率，他們把價格推向「他們認為正確的方向」的能力相當受限


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 6
tid: 4
pos: NOUN
token:
  而這也是我在9月份反駁ne0liberal的原因：雖然呆板的舊世界中心化預測市場有很高的手續費和很低的投注上限，但加密貨幣市場沒有！在augur或omen上，如果有人認為某個預測結果token的價格過低或過高，那麽他可以無限制的買入或賣出。而當時基於區塊鏈的預測市場趨勢和predictit的相仿。如果真的是因為高手續費和低投注上限的關係，讓頭腦更冷靜的交易者無法戰勝過於樂觀的交易者，才導致川普最後被高估的話，那麽為什麽明明區塊鏈市場沒有這些問題，卻也有著同樣的價格走勢呢

lemma:
  而這也是我在9月份反駁ne0liberal的原因：雖然呆板的舊世界中心化預測市場有很高的手續費和很低的投注上限，但加密貨幣市場沒有！在augur或omen上，如果有人認為某個預測結果token的價格過低或過高，那麽他可以無限制的買入或賣出。而當時基於區塊鏈的預測市場趨勢和predictit的相仿。如果真的是因為高手續費和低投注上限的關係，讓頭腦更冷靜的交易者無法戰勝過於樂觀的交易者，才導致川普最後被高估的話，那麽為什麽明明區塊鏈市場沒有這些問題，卻也有著同樣的價格走勢呢


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 6
tid: 6
pos: NOUN
token:
  我twitter上的朋友對此給出的主要回應是，區塊鏈預測市場極端小眾，只有很少人在用，而要在很少人中找到很瞭解政治的人就更少了，所以他們沒辦法輕易接觸到加密貨幣。這看起來似乎很有道理，但我對這個論點不太有信心。於是我押了$2000對賭川普當選，就沒有再繼續下去

lemma:
  我twitter上的朋友對此給出的主要回應是，區塊鏈預測市場極端小眾，只有很少人在用，而要在很少人中找到很瞭解政治的人就更少了，所以他們沒辦法輕易接觸到加密貨幣。這看起來似乎很有道理，但我對這個論點不太有信心。於是我押了$2000對賭川普當選，就沒有再繼續下去


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 7
tid: 10
pos: CCONJ
token:
  還有一個問題：我沒有任何dai。我有eth，我可以賣出我的eth來獲得dai，但我不想犧牲我的eth曝險部位；就算我在對川普的押注中賺取了$50,000，如果我因為eth價格變化而讓我賠了了$500,000那就得不償失了。所以我決定在makerdao上開立抵押債務頭寸（cdp，現在也叫

lemma:
  還有一個問題：我沒有任何dai。我有eth，我可以賣出我的eth來獲得dai，但我不想犧牲我的eth曝險部位；就算我在對川普的押注中賺取了$50,000，如果我因為eth價格變化而讓我賠了了$500,000那就得不償失了。所以我決定在makerdao上開立抵押債務頭寸（cdp，現在也叫


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 8
tid: 5
pos: PROPN
token:
  contract，然後可以提出相當於eth價值2/3的dai，這些dai是新產生出來的。他們可以放入與自己之前提出相同金額的dai加上額外的利息費用（目前為3.5%），來取回抵押於其中的eth。如果你存入的eth抵押品價值下降到低於你取出的dai價值的150%，任何人都可以開始清算你的vault，強迫賣掉eth來買回dai，並向你收取高額罰金。因此，在價格突然變動的情況下，最好有較高的抵押率；我用價值超過$3的eth來當我提出$1的cdp抵押品

lemma:
  contract，然後可以提出相當於eth價值2/3的dai，這些dai是新產生出來的。他們可以放入與自己之前提出相同金額的dai加上額外的利息費用（目前為3.5%），來取回抵押於其中的eth。如果你存入的eth抵押品價值下降到低於你取出的dai價值的150%，任何人都可以開始清算你的vault，強迫賣掉eth來買回dai，並向你收取高額罰金。因此，在價格突然變動的情況下，最好有較高的抵押率；我用價值超過$3的eth來當我提出$1的cdp抵押品


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 9
tid: 10
pos: PROPN
token:
  險，而augur的預言機之前遇到的環境都沒有如此有爭議，缺乏測試。資本成本是真的，而且雖然在預測市場中對賭比較簡單，比在股票市場中更簡單，畢竟你知道預測市場的價格永遠不會超過$1，但鎖在其中的資本還是會讓你時時想到加密貨幣市場中其他同樣有利可圖的選項。在dapp中做交易在技術上畢竟很複雜，所以對未知有一定程度的恐懼很合理

lemma:
  險，而augur的預言機之前遇到的環境都沒有如此有爭議，缺乏測試。資本成本是真的，而且雖然在預測市場中對賭比較簡單，比在股票市場中更簡單，畢竟你知道預測市場的價格永遠不會超過$1，但鎖在其中的資本還是會讓你時時想到加密貨幣市場中其他同樣有利可圖的選項。在dapp中做交易在技術上畢竟很複雜，所以對未知有一定程度的恐懼很合理


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 9
tid: 29
pos: PROPN
token:
  跟以前比起來我現在更能體會這件事。僅從augur方面來看，我需要鎖定308,249個dai，平均約兩個月才能獲利$56,803。這樣算下來，年化利率約為175%；這樣看下來，與2020年夏天的各種yield

lemma:
  跟以前比起來我現在更能體會這件事。僅從augur方面來看，我需要鎖定308,249個dai，平均約兩個月才能獲利$56,803。這樣算下來，年化利率約為175%；這樣看下來，與2020年夏天的各種yield


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 9
tid: 37
pos: NOUN
token:
  川普的支持者，當然不用管這些挑戰：他們只投了$60,000，就能對消掉我$308,249的賭注（因為手續費的關係，我賺得比這個數字少）。當機率接近於0或1時，這個賭局對那些想要把機率推離兩端極值的人非常有利。這不僅解釋了川普的狀況，也解釋了那些小眾但沒有勝算的候選人經常獲得高達5%獲勝機率的原因

lemma:
  川普的支持者，當然不用管這些挑戰：他們只投了$60,000，就能對消掉我$308,249的賭注（因為手續費的關係，我賺得比這個數字少）。當機率接近於0或1時，這個賭局對那些想要把機率推離兩端極值的人非常有利。這不僅解釋了川普的狀況，也解釋了那些小眾但沒有勝算的候選人經常獲得高達5%獲勝機率的原因


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 10
tid: 7
pos: PROPN
token:
  雖然還有其他複雜的技術問題，但這些問題看似都很容易解決。像catnip這樣的界面應該能夠很簡單的把「dai->foundry->賣出ytrump」的路徑整合到合約中，這樣你就可以在一次交易中用這種方式買入ntrump。事實上，這個界面甚至可以檢查「dai

lemma:
  雖然還有其他複雜的技術問題，但這些問題看似都很容易解決。像catnip這樣的界面應該能夠很簡單的把「dai->foundry->賣出ytrump」的路徑整合到合約中，這樣你就可以在一次交易中用這種方式買入ntrump。事實上，這個界面甚至可以檢查「dai


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
tid: 7
pos: PROPN
token:
  epistemology」此種態度（譯註：指心胸過度開放，接受一切不可解釋的現象起源於自己的無知），就算得出的結果代表大多數人其實不理性、懶惰、甚至大多數人只是搞錯了，我們還是應該根據我們自己得出的結果，更大膽的採取行動。當我第一次讀到這些段落的時候，我覺得elizer說錯了，他看起來太過自大。但經歷了這段事情後，我看到了他的立場其實有著一些智慧

lemma:
  epistemology」此種態度（譯註：指心胸過度開放，接受一切不可解釋的現象起源於自己的無知），就算得出的結果代表大多數人其實不理性、懶惰、甚至大多數人只是搞錯了，我們還是應該根據我們自己得出的結果，更大膽的採取行動。當我第一次讀到這些段落的時候，我覺得elizer說錯了，他看起來太過自大。但經歷了這段事情後，我看到了他的立場其實有著一些智慧


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
tid: 9
pos: PROPN
token:
  這不是我第一次親身體驗到「相信自己的推理」是多麼好的美德。當我最初開始研究ethereum的時候，我一開始被恐懼困擾，認為這個項目一定有一些不可避免的理由會失敗。你看，一個完全可程式化可以寫smart

lemma:
  這不是我第一次親身體驗到「相信自己的推理」是多麼好的美德。當我最初開始研究ethereum的時候，我一開始被恐懼困擾，認為這個項目一定有一些不可避免的理由會失敗。你看，一個完全可程式化可以寫smart


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
tid: 12
pos: NOUN
token:
  當然，並不是每個人都患有過度謙虛的毛病。很多人預測川普會贏得大選，他們明顯被自己過度的為反而反給蒙蔽了。我年輕時努力讓自己不要這麼謙虛且恐懼，ethereum終得以受益，但還有其他更多的項目可以不需要如此的聰明過度而缺乏自信，避免失敗

lemma:
  當然，並不是每個人都患有過度謙虛的毛病。很多人預測川普會贏得大選，他們明顯被自己過度的為反而反給蒙蔽了。我年輕時努力讓自己不要這麼謙虛且恐懼，ethereum終得以受益，但還有其他更多的項目可以不需要如此的聰明過度而缺乏自信，避免失敗


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
tid: 15
pos: PROPN
token:
  但在我看來，正如yeats的名言，「最好的人缺乏信念，而最壞的人充滿激情」，這件事現在我看起來是如此的真實。雖然過度自信或為反而反兩者有時候都是錯的，但在我看來，我們應該要這樣想：「全盤相信學術機構、媒體、政府、市場上現存的解方和現象」這種觀點是不對的。仔細想想，這些機構會存在的原因其實正好就是因為

lemma:
  但在我看來，正如yeats的名言，「最好的人缺乏信念，而最壞的人充滿激情」，這件事現在我看起來是如此的真實。雖然過度自信或為反而反兩者有時候都是錯的，但在我看來，我們應該要這樣想：「全盤相信學術機構、媒體、政府、市場上現存的解方和現象」這種觀點是不對的。仔細想想，這些機構會存在的原因其實正好就是因為


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
tid: 20
pos: ADP
token:
  親眼看到資本成本的重要性及其與風險的相互作用，也顯示了futarchy這種決策系統的重要性。futarchy，以及「決策市場」，可以成為預測市場的一個充滿潛力，對我們的社會非常有用的應用。預測下一任總統是誰就算稍微準一點也沒有多少社會價值，但有條件的預測卻有很大的社會價值：如果我們做了a，達成好結果x的機率有多少，如果我們改做b，那機率又有多少？條件預測之所以重要，是因為它不僅能滿足我們的好奇心，還能幫助我們做出決策

lemma:
  親眼看到資本成本的重要性及其與風險的相互作用，也顯示了futarchy這種決策系統的重要性。futarchy，以及「決策市場」，可以成為預測市場的一個充滿潛力，對我們的社會非常有用的應用。預測下一任總統是誰就算稍微準一點也沒有多少社會價值，但有條件的預測卻有很大的社會價值：如果我們做了a，達成好結果x的機率有多少，如果我們改做b，那機率又有多少？條件預測之所以重要，是因為它不僅能滿足我們的好奇心，還能幫助我們做出決策


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
tid: 22
pos: X
token:
  雖然選舉預測市場的作用遠不如條件預測，但它們可以幫助我們了解一個重要的問題：操縱市場、或是偏見和錯誤意見會給準確率帶來多大影響？我們可以通過觀察套利的難度來回答這個問題：假設條件預測市場目前給出的機率（在你看來）是錯誤的（可能是由於交易者訊息不對稱造成的，或是有人企圖操縱市場；在此原因不重要）。你能在這樣的市場中產生多大的影響，把機率和賠率回正能讓你賺多少錢

lemma:
  雖然選舉預測市場的作用遠不如條件預測，但它們可以幫助我們了解一個重要的問題：操縱市場、或是偏見和錯誤意見會給準確率帶來多大影響？我們可以通過觀察套利的難度來回答這個問題：假設條件預測市場目前給出的機率（在你看來）是錯誤的（可能是由於交易者訊息不對稱造成的，或是有人企圖操縱市場；在此原因不重要）。你能在這樣的市場中產生多大的影響，把機率和賠率回正能讓你賺多少錢


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 11
tid: 24
pos: PROPN
token:
  讓我們從一個具體的例子開始。假設我們正試圖利用預測市場在決策a和決策b之間做出選擇，其中每個決策都有一定機率實現某種理想的結果。假設你的看法是，決策a有50%的機會實現目標，而決策b有45%的機會。與此同時，市場（在你看來是錯誤的）認為決策b有55%的機會，決策a有40%的機會

lemma:
  讓我們從一個具體的例子開始。假設我們正試圖利用預測市場在決策a和決策b之間做出選擇，其中每個決策都有一定機率實現某種理想的結果。假設你的看法是，決策a有50%的機會實現目標，而決策b有45%的機會。與此同時，市場（在你看來是錯誤的）認為決策b有55%的機會，決策a有40%的機會


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 15
tid: 15
pos: PROPN
token:
  我們最後要問的問題是：預測市場會重蹈覆轍嗎？像是12月初的時候，市場預測了川普有15%的機會推翻選舉結果，甚至在最高法院（包括他任命的三名法官）叫他滾蛋之後，市場還是預測有12%的機會川普能推翻選舉結果。或者隨著時間經過，市場能越變越好？出人意料地，我的答案完全偏樂觀，而且我有幾個保持樂觀的理由

lemma:
  我們最後要問的問題是：預測市場會重蹈覆轍嗎？像是12月初的時候，市場預測了川普有15%的機會推翻選舉結果，甚至在最高法院（包括他任命的三名法官）叫他滾蛋之後，市場還是預測有12%的機會川普能推翻選舉結果。或者隨著時間經過，市場能越變越好？出人意料地，我的答案完全偏樂觀，而且我有幾個保持樂觀的理由


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 15
tid: 18
pos: PROPN
token:
  首先，這些事件讓我對市場效率和理性究竟有了新的看法。很多時候，市場效率的支持者聲稱，市場之所以會有效率，是因為大多數參與者都是理性的（或者至少理性的人超過了其他愚昧群體），當然這件事是正確的，是個公理(axoim)。所以，讓我們試著從進化中的角度來看待正在發生的事情

lemma:
  首先，這些事件讓我對市場效率和理性究竟有了新的看法。很多時候，市場效率的支持者聲稱，市場之所以會有效率，是因為大多數參與者都是理性的（或者至少理性的人超過了其他愚昧群體），當然這件事是正確的，是個公理(axoim)。所以，讓我們試著從進化中的角度來看待正在發生的事情


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 15
tid: 20
pos: PROPN
token:
  加密貨幣是一個年輕的生態系統，與主流社會還相當脫節。雖然elon最近在twitter上發表了不少言論，我們還是可以看的出來圈子裡的人們對選舉政治學的方方面面不夠瞭解。那些選舉政治學方面的專家很難進入加密貨幣領域，而且加密貨幣圈子有很多為反而反的政治言論都不怎麼正確。但，今年在加密貨幣圈子內發生的事情是這樣的，正確的預期了拜登獲勝的預測市場使用者，其資本得到了18%的增長，而錯誤預測川普獲勝的預測市場使用者的資本得到了100%的減少（他們投入市場的部分

lemma:
  加密貨幣是一個年輕的生態系統，與主流社會還相當脫節。雖然elon最近在twitter上發表了不少言論，我們還是可以看的出來圈子裡的人們對選舉政治學的方方面面不夠瞭解。那些選舉政治學方面的專家很難進入加密貨幣領域，而且加密貨幣圈子有很多為反而反的政治言論都不怎麼正確。但，今年在加密貨幣圈子內發生的事情是這樣的，正確的預期了拜登獲勝的預測市場使用者，其資本得到了18%的增長，而錯誤預測川普獲勝的預測市場使用者的資本得到了100%的減少（他們投入市場的部分


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 15
tid: 31
pos: PROPN
token:
  第二，預測市場本身會有進步。使用者界面已經有了很大的改進，並將繼續進一步完善。makerdao->foundry->catnip現在雖然很複雜，但會被被抽象為單一交易。區塊鏈的擴容技術也會進步，降低參與者的手續費（內建amm的zk

lemma:
  第二，預測市場本身會有進步。使用者界面已經有了很大的改進，並將繼續進一步完善。makerdao->foundry->catnip現在雖然很複雜，但會被被抽象為單一交易。區塊鏈的擴容技術也會進步，降低參與者的手續費（內建amm的zk


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 16
tid: 4
pos: VERB
token:
  第三，我們看到了預測市場正常運行，這樣的例子會讓參與者比較不害怕。使用者會看到，就算在非常有爭議的情況下augur預言機還是能給出正確的結果（這次有兩輪爭議，但no的那一方還是乾淨利落的贏了）。來自加密貨幣領域之外的人，看到這樣的成功的例子，也會更願意參與其中。也許連nate

lemma:
  第三，我們看到了預測市場正常運行，這樣的例子會讓參與者比較不害怕。使用者會看到，就算在非常有爭議的情況下augur預言機還是能給出正確的結果（這次有兩輪爭議，但no的那一方還是乾淨利落的贏了）。來自加密貨幣領域之外的人，看到這樣的成功的例子，也會更願意參與其中。也許連nate


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 17
tid: 3
pos: NOUN
token:
  第四，預測市場技術本身可以改進。這是我自己提出的一個市場設計建議，可以在保持高資本效率的同時，對許多低機率事件下注。這樣能夠防止許多那些低機率事件的賠率偏高。我相信會有其他的想法出現，且我期待看到更多這方面的實驗

lemma:
  第四，預測市場技術本身可以改進。這是我自己提出的一個市場設計建議，可以在保持高資本效率的同時，對許多低機率事件下注。這樣能夠防止許多那些低機率事件的賠率偏高。我相信會有其他的想法出現，且我期待看到更多這方面的實驗


id: vitalik-election_zhTW
sid: 17
tid: 17
pos: NOUN
token:
  我預計預測市場將在未來幾年間，成為一個越來越重要的ethereum應用。2020年的選舉只是一個開始，我預計未來人們對預測市場會有更多的興趣，不僅僅是選舉，還有條件預測、決策和其他應用。預測市場若能照數學上那般的理想運作，會帶給我們很好的願景；但同時這也會與人類現實的侷限產生衝突。希望隨著時間過去，我們能更清楚地理解，這種新的社交科技究竟能在哪些方面提供最大的價值

lemma:
  我預計預測市場將在未來幾年間，成為一個越來越重要的ethereum應用。2020年的選舉只是一個開始，我預計未來人們對預測市場會有更多的興趣，不僅僅是選舉，還有條件預測、決策和其他應用。預測市場若能照數學上那般的理想運作，會帶給我們很好的願景；但同時這也會與人類現實的侷限產生衝突。希望隨著時間過去，我們能更清楚地理解，這種新的社交科技究竟能在哪些方面提供最大的價值


id: vitalik-ux_zhCN
sid: 2
tid: 2
pos: PROPN
token:
  进行支付，我扫描了二维码，然后点击了「发送」。令我惊讶的是，交易并没有成功；看起来交易已经发送出去，但餐厅并没有收到这笔交易。我又试了一次，还是没有成功。我很快就发现了问题所在，原因在于当时我的网络信号不好。我不得不向附近的互联网档案馆走

lemma:
  进行支付，我扫描了二维码，然后点击了「发送」。令我惊讶的是，交易并没有成功；看起来交易已经发送出去，但餐厅并没有收到这笔交易。我又试了一次，还是没有成功。我很快就发现了问题所在，原因在于当时我的网络信号不好。我不得不向附近的互联网档案馆走


id: vitalik-ux_zhCN
sid: 4
tid: 38
pos: PUNCT
token:
  年，我测试了一款早期的钱包，它提供社交恢复方案。与我偏爱的智能合约方案不同的是，社交恢复采取了沙米尔的秘密分享理念，即将账户的私钥分成五部分，集齐其中任何三个部分都可以恢复私钥。用户需要选择五个朋友（或者是当代术语「守护人（guardians）」），说服他们下载一个单独的移动应用程序，并提供一个确认码，通过

lemma:
  年，我测试了一款早期的钱包，它提供社交恢复方案。与我偏爱的智能合约方案不同的是，社交恢复采取了沙米尔的秘密分享理念，即将账户的私钥分成五部分，集齐其中任何三个部分都可以恢复私钥。用户需要选择五个朋友（或者是当代术语「守护人（guardians）」），说服他们下载一个单独的移动应用程序，并提供一个确认码，通过


id: vitalik-ux_zhCN
sid: 4
tid: 43
pos: VERB
token:
  的连接机制在很长一段时间内不起作用。虽然最终我们还是想出了解决问题的办法，并恢复了密钥。但是，几个月之后，钱包又坏了。这一次的问题在于，一次常规的软件更新莫名其妙重置了应用程序的存储，并删除了密钥。由于

lemma:
  的连接机制在很长一段时间内不起作用。虽然最终我们还是想出了解决问题的办法，并恢复了密钥。但是，几个月之后，钱包又坏了。这一次的问题在于，一次常规的软件更新莫名其妙重置了应用程序的存储，并删除了密钥。由于


id: vitalik-ux_zhCN
sid: 5
tid: 2
pos: PROPN
token:
  经验教训：基于秘密分享的链下社交恢复实在是太脆弱了，在有其他选择的情况下，这绝不是一个好的方法。帮助恢复密钥的守护人不应该下载一个单独的应用程序，因为如果一个应用程序只有「恢复（密钥）」这一种特殊用途，人们很容易忘记和丢失。此外，独立的中心化通信渠道也会带来各种问题。相反，添加守护人的方式应该是提供他们的

lemma:
  经验教训：基于秘密分享的链下社交恢复实在是太脆弱了，在有其他选择的情况下，这绝不是一个好的方法。帮助恢复密钥的守护人不应该下载一个单独的应用程序，因为如果一个应用程序只有「恢复（密钥）」这一种特殊用途，人们很容易忘记和丢失。此外，独立的中心化通信渠道也会带来各种问题。相反，添加守护人的方式应该是提供他们的


id: vitalik-ux_zhCN
sid: 9
tid: 22
pos: PROPN
token:
  除了扩容导致的高额交易费用这一重要问题尚未完全解决，用户体验也是许多以太坊用户，尤其是南方世界的用户，经常选择中心化解决方案的关键原因；这也阻碍了用户选择将权力掌握在自己、亲友或当地社区手中这一链上去中心化方案。多年来，用户体验已经取得了长足的进步，尤其是

lemma:
  除了扩容导致的高额交易费用这一重要问题尚未完全解决，用户体验也是许多以太坊用户，尤其是南方世界的用户，经常选择中心化解决方案的关键原因；这也阻碍了用户选择将权力掌握在自己、亲友或当地社区手中这一链上去中心化方案。多年来，用户体验已经取得了长足的进步，尤其是


id: vitalik-pos2020_zhTW
sid: 12
tid: 6
pos: PROPN
token:
  在權益證明的情況下，如果你手上有幣，你可以抵押手上的幣來獲得更多同種類的幣。但，在工作量證明的情況下，就算你沒有幣你還是能賺到，只要你願意投入一些外部資源。因此，或許可以說權益證明會造成長期風險，讓幣的分配變得越來越集中

lemma:
  在權益證明的情況下，如果你手上有幣，你可以抵押手上的幣來獲得更多同種類的幣。但，在工作量證明的情況下，就算你沒有幣你還是能賺到，只要你願意投入一些外部資源。因此，或許可以說權益證明會造成長期風險，讓幣的分配變得越來越集中


id: vitalik-pos2020_zhTW
sid: 12
tid: 18
pos: NUM
token:
  2%。而且更多驗證者抵押，利率會更低。因此，可能要花個一世紀，整個資產集中程度才會翻倍，而且在這樣的時間跨度之下，其他促進分配的壓力（人們想花他們手上的錢，分配金錢到慈善或他們自己的子孫等等）比較可能會佔上風

lemma:
  2%。而且更多驗證者抵押，利率會更低。因此，可能要花個一世紀，整個資產集中程度才會翻倍，而且在這樣的時間跨度之下，其他促進分配的壓力（人們想花他們手上的錢，分配金錢到慈善或他們自己的子孫等等）比較可能會佔上風


id: vitalik-pos2020_zhTW
sid: 12
tid: 23
pos: VERB
token:
  原始介紹。本質上，就是節點在第一次上線，或是在離線很長一段時間之後（數個月）再次上線，這個節點必須要透過第三方的資源，才能決定正確的鏈頭在哪。這個第三方可以是他們的朋友、可以是交易所或區塊鏈瀏覽器網站、或是客戶端開發者本身、又或是其他角色。pow

lemma:
  原始介紹。本質上，就是節點在第一次上線，或是在離線很長一段時間之後（數個月）再次上線，這個節點必須要透過第三方的資源，才能決定正確的鏈頭在哪。這個第三方可以是他們的朋友、可以是交易所或區塊鏈瀏覽器網站、或是客戶端開發者本身、又或是其他角色。pow


id: vitalik-pos2020_zhTW
sid: 12
tid: 26
pos: ADP
token:
  然而，這可能是一個很弱的要求。事實上，使用者本身就已經必須對客戶端開發者、或「社群」有這種程度的信任。最起碼，使用者必須信任某個人（通常是客戶端開發者）來告訴他們協定是什麼，這個協定曾經經歷過什麼樣的更新。這在任何軟體應用都無法避免。因此，這個

lemma:
  然而，這可能是一個很弱的要求。事實上，使用者本身就已經必須對客戶端開發者、或「社群」有這種程度的信任。最起碼，使用者必須信任某個人（通常是客戶端開發者）來告訴他們協定是什麼，這個協定曾經經歷過什麼樣的更新。這在任何軟體應用都無法避免。因此，這個


id: blog-the-evolution-of-ethereum
sid: 8
tid: 145
pos: PROPN
token:
  a−guide−to−buying−5000−ether−bitcoin−2−5x−more−than−ethereums−genesis−sale/">mirceapopescu′soffer</a

lemma:
  a−guide−to−buying−5000−ether−bitcoin−2−5x−more−than−ethereums−genesis−sale/">mirceapopescu′soffer</a


id: blog-bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world
sid: 116
tid: 5
pos: PROPN
token:
  http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7235/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-3-identity-corp/

lemma:
  http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7235/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-3-identity-corp/


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 1
tid: 27
pos: NOUN
token:
  读后感），认为它是重要的读物和灵感源泉。但同时，他也与该书的思想在一些主要方面存在分野，集中体现在他在新作中对社会关系中非个人主义和非货币层面的许多论述，比如关于道德准则和社区。网络国家还可以看成是另一种尝试，即：为加密领域勾勒出可能更为宏大的政治叙事。与其在互联网的角落里画地为牢，与广阔的世界脱节，区块链更可以在组织大部分人类社会的新途径中，发挥核心的作用

lemma:
  读后感），认为它是重要的读物和灵感源泉。但同时，他也与该书的思想在一些主要方面存在分野，集中体现在他在新作中对社会关系中非个人主义和非货币层面的许多论述，比如关于道德准则和社区。网络国家还可以看成是另一种尝试，即：为加密领域勾勒出可能更为宏大的政治叙事。与其在互联网的角落里画地为牢，与广阔的世界脱节，区块链更可以在组织大部分人类社会的新途径中，发挥核心的作用


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 1
tid: 29
pos: PROPN
token:
  这些都可谓是千金之诺。网络国家能够不负所期吗？它是否能切实提供激动人心的裨益？我们先按下网络国家的种种功德不表，把这样一个想法与区块链和加密货币绑定起来，真的说的通吗？另一方面，这样的世界愿景是否遗漏掉了任何至关重要的东西？本文试图展现我对这些问题的思考

lemma:
  这些都可谓是千金之诺。网络国家能够不负所期吗？它是否能切实提供激动人心的裨益？我们先按下网络国家的种种功德不表，把这样一个想法与区块链和加密货币绑定起来，真的说的通吗？另一方面，这样的世界愿景是否遗漏掉了任何至关重要的东西？本文试图展现我对这些问题的思考


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 1
tid: 54
pos: PROPN
token:
  上述这句话到目前为止并无争议。创造一个新的网络社区，当成长到足够大的时候，在线下将其实体化，并且最终通过谈判来尝试获得某种地位。在这样一个定义下，无论任何政治意识形态中的人，几乎都能够找寻到自己支持的某些形态的网络国家。但现在，我们来看看他的更长版本的定义

lemma:
  上述这句话到目前为止并无争议。创造一个新的网络社区，当成长到足够大的时候，在线下将其实体化，并且最终通过谈判来尝试获得某种地位。在这样一个定义下，无论任何政治意识形态中的人，几乎都能够找寻到自己支持的某些形态的网络国家。但现在，我们来看看他的更长版本的定义


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 1
tid: 56
pos: PROPN
token:
  网络国家就是一个社会网络，它有着道德层面的创新、国民意识和公认的创始人；其集体有行动力，成员个人则文明谦恭；它集成了加密货币，基于共识设立政府，权力由社会智能合约限制；众筹而来的列岛是其真实领土，首都则是虚拟的；通过链上普查来证实其人口、收入和地产规模，使其足以赢得某种程度的外交承认

lemma:
  网络国家就是一个社会网络，它有着道德层面的创新、国民意识和公认的创始人；其集体有行动力，成员个人则文明谦恭；它集成了加密货币，基于共识设立政府，权力由社会智能合约限制；众筹而来的列岛是其真实领土，首都则是虚拟的；通过链上普查来证实其人口、收入和地产规模，使其足以赢得某种程度的外交承认


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 1
tid: 58
pos: NOUN
token:
  此处，这一概念开始得到主观上的强化：我们并不仅仅是在谈论网络社区的一般性概念，不是那些具有集体能动性并且最终尝试在土地上实体化的网络社区；我们所谈论的是在巴拉吉的愿景中网络国家应该是个什么样子。支持广义上的网络国家，但不同意巴拉吉对网络国家应具有何种属性持不同意见是完全有可能的。比如说，如果你还没有成为「加密新信徒

lemma:
  此处，这一概念开始得到主观上的强化：我们并不仅仅是在谈论网络社区的一般性概念，不是那些具有集体能动性并且最终尝试在土地上实体化的网络社区；我们所谈论的是在巴拉吉的愿景中网络国家应该是个什么样子。支持广义上的网络国家，但不同意巴拉吉对网络国家应具有何种属性持不同意见是完全有可能的。比如说，如果你还没有成为「加密新信徒


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 1
tid: 81
pos: PROPN
token:
  分钟处，保罗·约翰逊给出了一个简短的答案。他指出，美洲殖民早期，宗教性殖民地的成功率比盈利性殖民高，因为前者有使命感。略长一点的答案则是，在一个初创社会，你不是去请求人们购买某个产品（经济性的、具有个人主义色彩的营销），而是请求他们加入一个社区（文化层面上的、具有集体主义色彩的宣传

lemma:
  分钟处，保罗·约翰逊给出了一个简短的答案。他指出，美洲殖民早期，宗教性殖民地的成功率比盈利性殖民高，因为前者有使命感。略长一点的答案则是，在一个初创社会，你不是去请求人们购买某个产品（经济性的、具有个人主义色彩的营销），而是请求他们加入一个社区（文化层面上的、具有集体主义色彩的宣传


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 2
tid: 8
pos: PROPN
token:
  man）。与自由论者稻草人式的诡辩不同，巴拉吉并不相信任何东西都「仅仅是一件消费品」。相反，他极力强调社会规范对凝聚力的重要性，以及，让价值观附带一点所谓的宗教性，才能让一个特定网络国家真正有别于外部世界。正如巴拉吉在

lemma:
  man）。与自由论者稻草人式的诡辩不同，巴拉吉并不相信任何东西都「仅仅是一件消费品」。相反，他极力强调社会规范对凝聚力的重要性，以及，让价值观附带一点所谓的宗教性，才能让一个特定网络国家真正有别于外部世界。正如巴拉吉在


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 3
tid: 27
pos: NOUN
token:
  这个城邦，也像现实中的城邦一样，有外敌，需要抵御外部攻击。因此它需要一个护卫者阶层，勇敢且富于公德心，愿意为公共利益牺牲自己的物质欲望。苏格拉底不相信这样的勇敢和公德精神产生于对开明自利的精明算计。相反，它们必然源自激情（thymos），根植于护卫者阶层对其自身和自己的城邦所抱持的正义感、自豪感之中，以及对那些胆敢威胁到这份骄傲的人所可能产生的非理性的愤怒

lemma:
  这个城邦，也像现实中的城邦一样，有外敌，需要抵御外部攻击。因此它需要一个护卫者阶层，勇敢且富于公德心，愿意为公共利益牺牲自己的物质欲望。苏格拉底不相信这样的勇敢和公德精神产生于对开明自利的精明算计。相反，它们必然源自激情（thymos），根植于护卫者阶层对其自身和自己的城邦所抱持的正义感、自豪感之中，以及对那些胆敢威胁到这份骄傲的人所可能产生的非理性的愤怒


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 5
tid: 6
pos: PROPN
token:
  你能够想象出这类初创社会的各种不同形态，比如「食肉社区」，或者「史前饮食社区」等。这些都是在同一个大领域内互相竞争的初创社会，在同一个主题下不断迭代。如果成功，这样的一个社会就不会止步于无糖议题。它会开始围绕健身和锻炼设定默认的文化规范。或者，它可能会为社区成员批量采购连续血糖监测仪或订购降血糖药物

lemma:
  你能够想象出这类初创社会的各种不同形态，比如「食肉社区」，或者「史前饮食社区」等。这些都是在同一个大领域内互相竞争的初创社会，在同一个主题下不断迭代。如果成功，这样的一个社会就不会止步于无糖议题。它会开始围绕健身和锻炼设定默认的文化规范。或者，它可能会为社区成员批量采购连续血糖监测仪或订购降血糖药物


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 5
tid: 9
pos: PROPN
token:
  严格来说，这些都不需要任何外交承认或者甚至政治自治。然而也许长远来看，这类飞地可能会为其成员展开谋求更低医保费用和医保税的谈判。那么，什么情况下的确需要自治权呢？试想，要设立一个医疗创新自由区会怎么样

lemma:
  严格来说，这些都不需要任何外交承认或者甚至政治自治。然而也许长远来看，这类飞地可能会为其成员展开谋求更低医保费用和医保税的谈判。那么，什么情况下的确需要自治权呢？试想，要设立一个医疗创新自由区会怎么样


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 8
tid: 5
pos: PROPN
token:
  人们可以为这两类情况做出更多的设想。可以有一个区域，人们可以赤裸身体四处走动。这样的区域一方面保护了你这么做的法定权利，一方面通过创造出人人裸体的环境，让你感到安心。或者，可以有一个区域，所有人只能穿基本款的素色服装，这样就可以打消人们为了比别人好看而大手大脚花钱的念头，从而劝阻这类争夺地位的零和游戏。我们可以设立一个专为加密货币用户提供的国际社区，要求所有店家都接受加密货币，并且干脆需要

lemma:
  人们可以为这两类情况做出更多的设想。可以有一个区域，人们可以赤裸身体四处走动。这样的区域一方面保护了你这么做的法定权利，一方面通过创造出人人裸体的环境，让你感到安心。或者，可以有一个区域，所有人只能穿基本款的素色服装，这样就可以打消人们为了比别人好看而大手大脚花钱的念头，从而劝阻这类争夺地位的零和游戏。我们可以设立一个专为加密货币用户提供的国际社区，要求所有店家都接受加密货币，并且干脆需要


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 9
tid: 4
pos: PROPN
token:
  所有这些案例的共性就在于，它体现了拥有一个物理区域的价值。至少要有几公顷的土地，让你那个网络国家的独特规则得以实施。当然，你个人可以坚持只在健康的餐厅吃饭，并且去每家餐厅前都认真做攻略。但，如果能划出一袭土地，在这一方地面上，无论去哪儿都能保证你个人的标准得到满足，事情就简单多了。当然，你可以游说当地政府收紧健康和安全法规。但如果这样做，你就得冒着和完全不同偏好的人们发生摩擦的风险，并且存在

lemma:
  所有这些案例的共性就在于，它体现了拥有一个物理区域的价值。至少要有几公顷的土地，让你那个网络国家的独特规则得以实施。当然，你个人可以坚持只在健康的餐厅吃饭，并且去每家餐厅前都认真做攻略。但，如果能划出一袭土地，在这一方地面上，无论去哪儿都能保证你个人的标准得到满足，事情就简单多了。当然，你可以游说当地政府收紧健康和安全法规。但如果这样做，你就得冒着和完全不同偏好的人们发生摩擦的风险，并且存在


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 10
tid: 18
pos: DET
token:
  reed）的宣传性报道帮助了列宁和托洛茨基的革命。事实上，里德给苏联人帮了大忙（扭曲了外界对革命性质的认识），以至于死后被葬在了克里姆林宫墙脚下。是不是感到惊讶：俄国革命并不是完全由俄国人完成，而是有德国人和美国人这些外部力量的深度参与。拥有纽约时报的苏尔兹伯里家族（the

lemma:
  reed）的宣传性报道帮助了列宁和托洛茨基的革命。事实上，里德给苏联人帮了大忙（扭曲了外界对革命性质的认识），以至于死后被葬在了克里姆林宫墙脚下。是不是感到惊讶：俄国革命并不是完全由俄国人完成，而是有德国人和美国人这些外部力量的深度参与。拥有纽约时报的苏尔兹伯里家族（the


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 10
tid: 33
pos: NOUN
token:
  但很快，巴拉吉的举例的确开始指向一些更具体的主题：对美国左翼「觉醒派」的极度厌恶（以纽约时报为代表）；对中共威权主义的强烈不适，与理解其情理之中对美国的惧怕杂糅在一起；他欣赏美国右翼对自由的热爱（以比特币至上主义者为代表），但又不喜欢他们对合作和秩序所抱持的敌意

lemma:
  但很快，巴拉吉的举例的确开始指向一些更具体的主题：对美国左翼「觉醒派」的极度厌恶（以纽约时报为代表）；对中共威权主义的强烈不适，与理解其情理之中对美国的惧怕杂糅在一起；他欣赏美国右翼对自由的热爱（以比特币至上主义者为代表），但又不喜欢他们对合作和秩序所抱持的敌意


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 10
tid: 39
pos: X
token:
  纽约时报阵营基本上控制着美国，它的无能意味着美国正在走向崩溃。比特币阵营（包括比特币至上主义者和美国泛右翼）有着一些积极的价值观，但对集体行动和秩序的鲜明敌意，让他们无力建设任何东西。中共阵营有能力进行建设，但他们在建设的是一个反乌托邦的监控国家，全世界大部分地方都无意效仿。而且这三方都过于民族主义：他们从自己国家的角度看待事物，对所有其他人只会无视或加以利用。即使理论上都是国际主义者，他们阐释各自价值观的特定方式，仍让人们难以接受，除了世界上属于他们自己的那一小部分人

lemma:
  纽约时报阵营基本上控制着美国，它的无能意味着美国正在走向崩溃。比特币阵营（包括比特币至上主义者和美国泛右翼）有着一些积极的价值观，但对集体行动和秩序的鲜明敌意，让他们无力建设任何东西。中共阵营有能力进行建设，但他们在建设的是一个反乌托邦的监控国家，全世界大部分地方都无意效仿。而且这三方都过于民族主义：他们从自己国家的角度看待事物，对所有其他人只会无视或加以利用。即使理论上都是国际主义者，他们阐释各自价值观的特定方式，仍让人们难以接受，除了世界上属于他们自己的那一小部分人


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 11
tid: 5
pos: NUM
token:
  这就是对巴拉吉大政治观的扼要概括。它并不是用一些抽象的理论来为网络国家辩护（比如，一些邓巴数，或者集中激励的观点，认为最理想的政治体应该限制在数万人）。相反，这一观点是将网络国家当成对当前世界具体政治状况的回应

lemma:
  这就是对巴拉吉大政治观的扼要概括。它并不是用一些抽象的理论来为网络国家辩护（比如，一些邓巴数，或者集中激励的观点，认为最理想的政治体应该限制在数万人）。相反，这一观点是将网络国家当成对当前世界具体政治状况的回应


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 11
tid: 14
pos: PROPN
token:
  许多读者会觉得巴拉吉的大政治观中有很多方面令人心生疑窦。如果你认为保护弱势群体的「觉醒运动」很重要，也许就不会欣赏那种轻慢的态度，认为它只不过是职业精英权力欲的掩饰。如果小弱国家所面临的困境常让你牵挂，比如正在遭受强邻威胁，向外界绝望求助的乌克兰，那么巴拉吉所谓「各国重新武装起来自我防卫，反而可能最好」的

lemma:
  许多读者会觉得巴拉吉的大政治观中有很多方面令人心生疑窦。如果你认为保护弱势群体的「觉醒运动」很重要，也许就不会欣赏那种轻慢的态度，认为它只不过是职业精英权力欲的掩饰。如果小弱国家所面临的困境常让你牵挂，比如正在遭受强邻威胁，向外界绝望求助的乌克兰，那么巴拉吉所谓「各国重新武装起来自我防卫，反而可能最好」的


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 12
tid: 7
pos: PROPN
token:
  这其中会有许许多多对美国心存疑虑的人。巴拉吉本人是印度裔，拥有大量的印度粉丝。印度内外有很多人并不将美国视为「自由世界秩序的守护者」，相反，往好处说他们觉得美国虚伪，往坏了说则认为美国邪恶。巴拉吉想要表明，你不必是美国的拥趸也可以拥护自由（或至少巴拉吉式的自由

lemma:
  这其中会有许许多多对美国心存疑虑的人。巴拉吉本人是印度裔，拥有大量的印度粉丝。印度内外有很多人并不将美国视为「自由世界秩序的守护者」，相反，往好处说他们觉得美国虚伪，往坏了说则认为美国邪恶。巴拉吉想要表明，你不必是美国的拥趸也可以拥护自由（或至少巴拉吉式的自由


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 12
tid: 17
pos: NOUN
token:
  的人口。保护言论自由的宪法第一修正案在美国境外不适用。很多富裕国家的治理已经陷入僵化，我们确实需要尝试一些治理创新的方法。网络国家可以填补这个空白。美国这类国家可以容留很多网络国家，吸引世界各地的人加入。成功的网络国家甚至可以作为政策典范供其他国家效仿。另一方面，设想一下如果

lemma:
  的人口。保护言论自由的宪法第一修正案在美国境外不适用。很多富裕国家的治理已经陷入僵化，我们确实需要尝试一些治理创新的方法。网络国家可以填补这个空白。美国这类国家可以容留很多网络国家，吸引世界各地的人加入。成功的网络国家甚至可以作为政策典范供其他国家效仿。另一方面，设想一下如果


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 13
tid: 10
pos: NOUN
token:
  很多地缘政治玩家越来越只顾自身利益，与此同时，区块链社区依旧代表着开放、自由、抗审查和可信中立。这进一步强化了它的全球吸引力：你不必非得钟爱美国霸权，也可以爱上区块链和它背后代表的价值观。这都让区块链成为巴拉吉期望构筑的网络国家愿景的理想精神伴侣

lemma:
  很多地缘政治玩家越来越只顾自身利益，与此同时，区块链社区依旧代表着开放、自由、抗审查和可信中立。这进一步强化了它的全球吸引力：你不必非得钟爱美国霸权，也可以爱上区块链和它背后代表的价值观。这都让区块链成为巴拉吉期望构筑的网络国家愿景的理想精神伴侣


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 13
tid: 13
pos: NOUN
token:
  但是，如果离开区块链的实用价值，精神层面的一致就缺乏意义了。巴拉吉给出了大量的区块链应用案例。他青睐的概念之一是将区块链作为「记录账簿」：人们可以在链上给各类事件盖上时间戳，创造出一个全球范围的人类「微观历史」的可信记录。他接着举了其他例子

lemma:
  但是，如果离开区块链的实用价值，精神层面的一致就缺乏意义了。巴拉吉给出了大量的区块链应用案例。他青睐的概念之一是将区块链作为「记录账簿」：人们可以在链上给各类事件盖上时间戳，创造出一个全球范围的人类「微观历史」的可信记录。他接着举了其他例子


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 14
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  等零知识证明技术，为人们选择公开的内容提供链上证明，而不必披露其它隐私。域名系统，如以太坊域名服务（ens）和索拉纳域名服务（sns）给链上交易附加了身份信息。注册系统则在纯粹的交易层级之上，提供了抽象化公司的链上代表，比如财务报表，甚至是像

lemma:
  等零知识证明技术，为人们选择公开的内容提供链上证明，而不必披露其它隐私。域名系统，如以太坊域名服务（ens）和索拉纳域名服务（sns）给链上交易附加了身份信息。注册系统则在纯粹的交易层级之上，提供了抽象化公司的链上代表，比如财务报表，甚至是像


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 14
tid: 10
pos: PROPN
token:
  但我们也需要考虑得更深一层。区块链和网络国家有一个共性，他们都试图「创造一个新的根」。一家公司则不是一个根：如果内部发生纠纷，它最终要通过国家的法院系统来解决。另一方面，区块链和网络国家正在试图成为新的底层根系。它并不要求你有那些绝对的「没人能拿我怎么着」的主权式理想，这类的理想大概只有那五个拥有高度自足的国民经济和

lemma:
  但我们也需要考虑得更深一层。区块链和网络国家有一个共性，他们都试图「创造一个新的根」。一家公司则不是一个根：如果内部发生纠纷，它最终要通过国家的法院系统来解决。另一方面，区块链和网络国家正在试图成为新的底层根系。它并不要求你有那些绝对的「没人能拿我怎么着」的主权式理想，这类的理想大概只有那五个拥有高度自足的国民经济和


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 14
tid: 12
pos: PROPN
token:
  或者拥有核武器的国家才能实现。个体的区块链参与者在国家监管面前当然是脆弱的，而网络国家的飞地更有甚之。但区块链至少尝试着成为非国家层面的最终纠纷裁决者（要么通过智能合约的逻辑，要么通过自由分叉）。它是唯一这么做的体系，这让它成为网络国家理想的基础设施

lemma:
  或者拥有核武器的国家才能实现。个体的区块链参与者在国家监管面前当然是脆弱的，而网络国家的飞地更有甚之。但区块链至少尝试着成为非国家层面的最终纠纷裁决者（要么通过智能合约的逻辑，要么通过自由分叉）。它是唯一这么做的体系，这让它成为网络国家理想的基础设施


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 14
tid: 16
pos: PUNCT
token:
  无可避免地，信奉「私产至上」的自由意志主义者遭遇到了一些重大问题，比如在公共物品资助方面表现出的无能为力。有鉴于此，二十一世纪任何成功倡导自由的计划，都不得不成为一个混合体，即，至少包含一个用来解决起码

lemma:
  无可避免地，信奉「私产至上」的自由意志主义者遭遇到了一些重大问题，比如在公共物品资助方面表现出的无能为力。有鉴于此，二十一世纪任何成功倡导自由的计划，都不得不成为一个混合体，即，至少包含一个用来解决起码


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 15
tid: 12
pos: NOUN
token:
  忠诚度、宗教性，构筑物理环境来鼓励个人自律和勤勉工作。这些价值观的实现方式带有很大的自由论和技术进步色彩，它不是围绕着土地、历史、种族和国家来组织的，而是围绕云端和个人选择，虽然如此，却依然是右翼的价值观。这种思考方式对我有些陌生，但我发现它非常迷人，而且重要。典型的「富裕白左」如果忽略了这一点将是他们的损失：这些更加「传统」的价值观事实上非常流行，即使在

lemma:
  忠诚度、宗教性，构筑物理环境来鼓励个人自律和勤勉工作。这些价值观的实现方式带有很大的自由论和技术进步色彩，它不是围绕着土地、历史、种族和国家来组织的，而是围绕云端和个人选择，虽然如此，却依然是右翼的价值观。这种思考方式对我有些陌生，但我发现它非常迷人，而且重要。典型的「富裕白左」如果忽略了这一点将是他们的损失：这些更加「传统」的价值观事实上非常流行，即使在


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 17
tid: 6
pos: NUM
token:
  3、你所作的任何特定的事，在某些司法官辖区内都可能是允许的。通过增加这样的机会来反抗监管体制中的泛保守主义，比如，机构化了的生物伦理学已经变成了一项臭名昭著的保守事业。在这样的体制下，医学实验出差错死了

lemma:
  3、你所作的任何特定的事，在某些司法官辖区内都可能是允许的。通过增加这样的机会来反抗监管体制中的泛保守主义，比如，机构化了的生物伦理学已经变成了一项臭名昭著的保守事业。在这样的体制下，医学实验出差错死了


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 18
tid: 2
pos: ADJ
token:
  整体上，在以上所有三个方面我都看到了价值。第一个方面的大规模机构化，可以让世界更加自由的同时，也让人们更容易接受对某些事物更高程度的管制，因为他们知道，总有其它区域可以做一些被禁止的事情。总的来说，我认为第一方面隐含了一个重要的观点：「社会技术型」社区在更好的治理、更好的

lemma:
  整体上，在以上所有三个方面我都看到了价值。第一个方面的大规模机构化，可以让世界更加自由的同时，也让人们更容易接受对某些事物更高程度的管制，因为他们知道，总有其它区域可以做一些被禁止的事情。总的来说，我认为第一方面隐含了一个重要的观点：「社会技术型」社区在更好的治理、更好的


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 18
tid: 4
pos: PROPN
token:
  方面产生了许多好点子，但如何更好地筛选社会技术却没有得到足够重视。我们并不想单单将现有的社会关系图谱拿来，在其中寻找能让人们取得共识的更好的方法。我们还想对社会关系网本身进行变革，拉近彼此适配的人，创造出更多不同的、能让人们保持各自独特性的生活方式

lemma:
  方面产生了许多好点子，但如何更好地筛选社会技术却没有得到足够重视。我们并不想单单将现有的社会关系图谱拿来，在其中寻找能让人们取得共识的更好的方法。我们还想对社会关系网本身进行变革，拉近彼此适配的人，创造出更多不同的、能让人们保持各自独特性的生活方式


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 18
tid: 8
pos: PROPN
token:
  第三方面当然牵涉到更复杂的道德问题：无论在你看来，陷入瘫痪或正缓慢滑向事实上威权制的全球政府是更大的问题，还是有个什么人发明了邪恶的科技，将我们通通毁灭更危险。我基本上算是第一阵营的；我所担忧的前景，是

lemma:
  第三方面当然牵涉到更复杂的道德问题：无论在你看来，陷入瘫痪或正缓慢滑向事实上威权制的全球政府是更大的问题，还是有个什么人发明了邪恶的科技，将我们通通毁灭更危险。我基本上算是第一阵营的；我所担忧的前景，是


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 18
tid: 29
pos: ADJ
token:
  通览全书，巴拉吉坚持认为「创始人」在网络国家中的重要性（或者更确切的说，是初创社会：你建立一个初创社会，直到足够成功获得外交承认变成网络国家）。巴拉吉明确的将初创社会创始人形容为「道德企业家」（moral

lemma:
  通览全书，巴拉吉坚持认为「创始人」在网络国家中的重要性（或者更确切的说，是初创社会：你建立一个初创社会，直到足够成功获得外交承认变成网络国家）。巴拉吉明确的将初创社会创始人形容为「道德企业家」（moral


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 19
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  这些展示很像初创公司的推销文案。但作为初创社会的创始人，你不必像科技公司创业者那样，告诉投资人为何这项创新更好、更快、更便宜。你是一位道德企业家，描述的是潜在的未来，居民有一种更好的生活方式，告诉他们某件事情整个世界都搞错了，而只有你的社区能修正过来

lemma:
  这些展示很像初创公司的推销文案。但作为初创社会的创始人，你不必像科技公司创业者那样，告诉投资人为何这项创新更好、更快、更便宜。你是一位道德企业家，描述的是潜在的未来，居民有一种更好的生活方式，告诉他们某件事情整个世界都搞错了，而只有你的社区能修正过来


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 19
tid: 14
pos: NOUN
token:
  小东西的中心化很好，但巨大的东西也中心化将非常可怕。鉴于网络效应的现实，再次退出的自由是不充分的。在我看来，如何寻找到创始人控制之外的运转方式很重要，而巴拉吉在这一问题上花的心思太少了。「公认的创始人」被内置在了巴拉吉式网络国家的定义中，但通往广泛参与式治理的路线图却没有。这不应该

lemma:
  小东西的中心化很好，但巨大的东西也中心化将非常可怕。鉴于网络效应的现实，再次退出的自由是不充分的。在我看来，如何寻找到创始人控制之外的运转方式很重要，而巴拉吉在这一问题上花的心思太少了。「公认的创始人」被内置在了巴拉吉式网络国家的定义中，但通往广泛参与式治理的路线图却没有。这不应该


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 21
tid: 6
pos: PROPN
token:
  毁灭性后果）。你可以尝试去侵略（面临同样的指责，甚至更糟）。「退出」是更一个人道的选择，遭受人权迫害的人们可以收拾好行装，去到更友好的栖息地，而且，如果是一群人协调一致行动，还不用牺牲掉赖以维持友谊和经济来源的社区。另一方面，如果你错了，你所批评的政府对人们并没有那么压迫，人们就不会离开，一切都很好，没有饥荒，也没有轰炸。这一切都很美好，除了

lemma:
  毁灭性后果）。你可以尝试去侵略（面临同样的指责，甚至更糟）。「退出」是更一个人道的选择，遭受人权迫害的人们可以收拾好行装，去到更友好的栖息地，而且，如果是一群人协调一致行动，还不用牺牲掉赖以维持友谊和经济来源的社区。另一方面，如果你错了，你所批评的政府对人们并没有那么压迫，人们就不会离开，一切都很好，没有饥荒，也没有轰炸。这一切都很美好，除了


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 21
tid: 28
pos: ADV
token:
  有钱的币圈人搬到比如新加坡这样的国家，或波多黎各这样的地区，但仍然高度依赖于功能强大的政府提供的基础设施和机构。但俄罗斯正在使人们更加清楚地认识到，这种战略注定要失败，因为归根到底，我们无处可逃。跟以往的时代不同，如今大国的长臂管辖，可以触及全世界任何一个角落

lemma:
  有钱的币圈人搬到比如新加坡这样的国家，或波多黎各这样的地区，但仍然高度依赖于功能强大的政府提供的基础设施和机构。但俄罗斯正在使人们更加清楚地认识到，这种战略注定要失败，因为归根到底，我们无处可逃。跟以往的时代不同，如今大国的长臂管辖，可以触及全世界任何一个角落


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 21
tid: 30
pos: NOUN
token:
  如果美国崩溃，你不能只是搬到新加坡，因为过不了几年，你就得向你的中国新主人屈膝。如果美国崩溃，你也不能只是搬到爱沙尼亚，因为过不了几年（几个月？），你就得向你的俄罗斯新主人屈膝。而这些新主人，将不会有丝毫兴趣保证你的个体自由和财产安全

lemma:
  如果美国崩溃，你不能只是搬到新加坡，因为过不了几年，你就得向你的中国新主人屈膝。如果美国崩溃，你也不能只是搬到爱沙尼亚，因为过不了几年（几个月？），你就得向你的俄罗斯新主人屈膝。而这些新主人，将不会有丝毫兴趣保证你的个体自由和财产安全


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 21
tid: 34
pos: PROPN
token:
  我们有可能面对这样的反驳：确实，如果所有乌克兰人的第一反应都是「退出」，乌克兰早就崩溃了。但如果俄罗斯也更倾向于「退出」，所有俄罗斯人就会在入侵的一周内全都撤离。普京将孤零零地站在卢甘斯克（luhansk）的荒野里，独自面对一百米外的泽连斯基，普京高喊着让泽连斯基投降，泽连斯基回道：「就凭你？你的伙计们在哪儿？」（泽连斯基当然可以在公平的一对一搏斗中胜出

lemma:
  我们有可能面对这样的反驳：确实，如果所有乌克兰人的第一反应都是「退出」，乌克兰早就崩溃了。但如果俄罗斯也更倾向于「退出」，所有俄罗斯人就会在入侵的一周内全都撤离。普京将孤零零地站在卢甘斯克（luhansk）的荒野里，独自面对一百米外的泽连斯基，普京高喊着让泽连斯基投降，泽连斯基回道：「就凭你？你的伙计们在哪儿？」（泽连斯基当然可以在公平的一对一搏斗中胜出


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 21
tid: 41
pos: NUM
token:
  如果我们有一百个较少监管的创新实验室，分布在全球各处，可能会导致我们的世界对危险事物更加难以防范。这引申出一个问题：要相信巴拉吉主义，是否必须先相信这个世界的负外部性问题不大？这个观点与「脆弱地球假说」（vulnerable

lemma:
  如果我们有一百个较少监管的创新实验室，分布在全球各处，可能会导致我们的世界对危险事物更加难以防范。这引申出一个问题：要相信巴拉吉主义，是否必须先相信这个世界的负外部性问题不大？这个观点与「脆弱地球假说」（vulnerable


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 23
tid: 29
pos: PROPN
token:
  zionism）中扮演起了重要角色：他们开始沉淀到现实中，成员之间建立起共同认知，比起想象的共同体（国家、阶级、聚落）中的传统想象，他们更具身份认同感，仿佛这是一个真实的社区（朋友圈、家庭、公会，等等

lemma:
  zionism）中扮演起了重要角色：他们开始沉淀到现实中，成员之间建立起共同认知，比起想象的共同体（国家、阶级、聚落）中的传统想象，他们更具身份认同感，仿佛这是一个真实的社区（朋友圈、家庭、公会，等等


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 24
tid: 12
pos: VERB
token:
  很多创始人希望最终退休，或者开始新事业（基本上一半的加密项目如此），在这种情况下，我们需要能够防止网络国家崩溃，或者滑向平庸。这个过程中的一部分，是宪法将对「权力移交社区」提供保障：当网络国家更成熟、更具规模时，更多社区成员的参与将被自动纳入考量

lemma:
  很多创始人希望最终退休，或者开始新事业（基本上一半的加密项目如此），在这种情况下，我们需要能够防止网络国家崩溃，或者滑向平庸。这个过程中的一部分，是宪法将对「权力移交社区」提供保障：当网络国家更成熟、更具规模时，更多社区成员的参与将被自动纳入考量


id: vitalik-networkstates_zhCN
sid: 29
tid: 7
pos: ADV
token:
  在理性主义者和人工智能友好的社区里，有一个迷人但缺乏讨论的想法：可行决策理论。这是一个复杂的概念，但其强大的核心思想是：人工智能通过对其源代码做出可验证的公开承诺，实现比人类更好的相互协调，从而解决人类经常失败的囚徒困境问题。一个人工智能可以重写自己来拥有某个模块，以防止它欺骗具有类似模块的其他人工智能。这样的人工智能将在

lemma:
  在理性主义者和人工智能友好的社区里，有一个迷人但缺乏讨论的想法：可行决策理论。这是一个复杂的概念，但其强大的核心思想是：人工智能通过对其源代码做出可验证的公开承诺，实现比人类更好的相互协调，从而解决人类经常失败的囚徒困境问题。一个人工智能可以重写自己来拥有某个模块，以防止它欺骗具有类似模块的其他人工智能。这样的人工智能将在


id: blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i
sid: 73
tid: 5
pos: PROPN
token:
  http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7119/bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world/

lemma:
  http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7119/bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world/


id: vitalik-gas_analysis
sid: 2
tid: 22
pos: PROPN
token:
  deciles":[40,40.1,44.100030001,44.100030001,44.100030001,44.100030001,44.100030001,44.100030001,50,66.150044,100

lemma:
  deciles":[40,40.1,44.100030001,44.100030001,44.100030001,44.100030001,44.100030001,44.100030001,50,66.150044,100


id: vitalik-gas_analysis
sid: 29
tid: 24
pos: PROPN
token:
  block":4710093,"coinbase":"0x5a0b54d5dc17e0aadc383d2db43b0a0d3e029c4c","deciles":[25,40,40,40,40,40,40,43,50,64.100030001,120],"free":6030,"timedelta":8

lemma:
  block":4710093,"coinbase":"0x5a0b54d5dc17e0aadc383d2db43b0a0d3e029c4c","deciles":[25,40,40,40,40,40,40,43,50,64.100030001,120],"free":6030,"timedelta":8


id: vitalik-gas_analysis
sid: 29
tid: 29
pos: PROPN
token:
  block":4710094,"coinbase":"0xea674fdde714fd979de3edf0f56aa9716b898ec8","deciles":[4,16,20,20,21,21,22,29,30,40,59],"free":963366,"timedelta":2

lemma:
  block":4710094,"coinbase":"0xea674fdde714fd979de3edf0f56aa9716b898ec8","deciles":[4,16,20,20,21,21,22,29,30,40,59],"free":963366,"timedelta":2


id: vitalik-gas_analysis
sid: 29
tid: 45
pos: PROPN
token:
  block":4710373,"coinbase":"0x52bc44d5378309ee2abf1539bf71de1b7d7be3b5","deciles":[1,32,32,40,40,56,56,56,56,70,80],"free":1672720,"timedelta":2

lemma:
  block":4710373,"coinbase":"0x52bc44d5378309ee2abf1539bf71de1b7d7be3b5","deciles":[1,32,32,40,40,56,56,56,56,70,80],"free":1672720,"timedelta":2


id: vitalik-gas_analysis
sid: 29
tid: 67
pos: PROPN
token:
  block":4710380,"coinbase":"0x52bc44d5378309ee2abf1539bf71de1b7d7be3b5","deciles":[1,1,1,1,1,1,40,45,55,61.10006,2067.909560115],"free":16730,"timedelta":35

lemma:
  block":4710380,"coinbase":"0x52bc44d5378309ee2abf1539bf71de1b7d7be3b5","deciles":[1,1,1,1,1,1,40,45,55,61.10006,2067.909560115],"free":16730,"timedelta":35


id: blog-stake
sid: 139
tid: 11
pos: PROPN
token:
  andtheonlyreasonwhyit′sworthittodecentralizeistogettheincreasedbenefitsofefficiencythatdecentralizationbrings?inthatcase

lemma:
  andtheonlyreasonwhyit′sworthittodecentralizeistogettheincreasedbenefitsofefficiencythatdecentralizationbrings?inthatcase


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
sid: 50
tid: 12
pos: PROPN
token:
  f83c8085e8d4a510008227108080af6025515b525b600a37f260003556601b596020356000355760015b525b54602052f260255860005b525b54602052f2

lemma:
  f83c8085e8d4a510008227108080af6025515b525b600a37f260003556601b596020356000355760015b525b54602052f260255860005b525b54602052f2


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
sid: 50
tid: 24
pos: PROPN
token:
  f87f8085e8d4a510008227108080af6025515b525b600a37f260003556601b596020356000355760015b525b54602052f260255860005b525b54602052f21ca04565b5a48b29ef623ad2caffe0917a3fc6a6f1b50f1df06876f3caa6fb4957c6a0123c928257c1f248fb3d362c125a0aea091ab08467efb52f8c3676ca73d727bf

lemma:
  f87f8085e8d4a510008227108080af6025515b525b600a37f260003556601b596020356000355760015b525b54602052f260255860005b525b54602052f21ca04565b5a48b29ef623ad2caffe0917a3fc6a6f1b50f1df06876f3caa6fb4957c6a0123c928257c1f248fb3d362c125a0aea091ab08467efb52f8c3676ca73d727bf


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
sid: 57
tid: 30
pos: NOUN
token:
  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

lemma:
  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


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
sid: 70
tid: 38
pos: X
token:
  \x04\x99og\xdcu\xb0\x9e\x81j\xb7\xff\xc8\xdf6\x86\xb4\xaf\xb2\xbbs\xe6\x0e\xae\x97\xef\x04?\xe0?\xb8

lemma:
  \x04\x99og\xdcu\xb0\x9e\x81j\xb7\xff\xc8\xdf6\x86\xb4\xaf\xb2\xbbs\xe6\x0e\xae\x97\xef\x04?\xe0?\xb8


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
sid: 70
tid: 59
pos: NOUN
token:
  f\xd2rm\x92\x1f\xad\xb5\x05i\x83\xcfk\xb2\x15\xd39\xcd\xae\xb7\x04\x8b\x89\x13\xbf\xdf\x8f\xe8g\xebv\x82

lemma:
  f\xd2rm\x92\x1f\xad\xb5\x05i\x83\xcfk\xb2\x15\xd39\xcd\xae\xb7\x04\x8b\x89\x13\xbf\xdf\x8f\xe8g\xebv\x82


id: blog-pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide
sid: 72
tid: 29
pos: NOUN
token:
  \x1d\xccm\xe8\xde\xc7]z\xab\x85\xb5g\xb6\xcc\xd4\x1a\xd3\x12e\x1b\x94\x8at\x13\xf0\xa1b\xfd@\xd4\x93

lemma:
  \x1d\xccm\xe8\xde\xc7]z\xab\x85\xb5g\xb6\xcc\xd4\x1a\xd3\x12e\x1b\x94\x8at\x13\xf0\xa1b\xfd@\xd4\x93


id: blog-bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-3-identity-corp
sid: 93
tid: 20
pos: PROPN
token:
  canpotentiallyserveaspowerfulrestraintsonabuse.itwouldessentiallybeagovernmentinthesenseofbeinganentitytaskedwithmaintainingsocialinfrastructure

lemma:
  canpotentiallyserveaspowerfulrestraintsonabuse.itwouldessentiallybeagovernmentinthesenseofbeinganentitytaskedwithmaintainingsocialinfrastructure


id: brody-ideologies-2021
sid: 590
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://consensys.net/blog/news/programmable-blockchains-in-context-ethereum-smart-contracts-and-the-world-computer/

lemma:
  https://consensys.net/blog/news/programmable-blockchains-in-context-ethereum-smart-contracts-and-the-world-computer/


id: brody-ideologies-2021
sid: 596
tid: 2
pos: ADJ
token:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 106 characters]

lemma:
  https://cointelegraph.com/news/vitalik-buterin-sets-milestones-on-ethereums-route-to-be-the-world-comput


