curated-informationTechnologyAndLibraries-doaj: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called curated-informationTechnologyAndLibraries-doaj.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the content of the carrel. The keywords include:

Information; Libraries; Data; System; Search; Users; University; Services; Web; Research; Access; Lita; Metadata; Content; Students; Study; Public; Book; Catalog; Resources; Subject; Results; File; Computer; Staff; Systems; Time; Ital; Website; Text; Discovery; Records; Collections; Project; Google; Cataloging; Tools; Marc; Work; Software; Service; Page; Design; Community; Reference; Faculty; Repository; Standards; Record; Automation; Experience; Program; People; Collection; Journal; Board; Title; Librarians; Format; Server; Rdf; Group; Author; Permission; Issue; Space; Terms; Core; List; Ala; Editor; Change; Planning; Code; Case; Year; Oclc; Column; Meeting; Character; Context; Initiatives; Question; Volume; Hope; Reviewers; Chesapeake; Mistakes; Gerrity; Partnership; Subrecord; Current; Award; Jola; Advertising

Information

Megan, Ozeran, and Boggs conceptualize "information" as encompassing the technology, history, and literature related to collecting philatelic materials while establishing international standards. Similarly, Wen Lou, Hui Wang, and Jiangen He design a digital literature resource model to organize and enhance retrieval systems based on user cognition. Jacqueline Borin discusses "information" as encompassing electronic resources managed through site license initiatives, including issues like off-site access and defining a site. Furthermore, Bonnie A. Nardi and Vicki L. O'Day frame "information technology" through the metaphor of "information ecologies," suggesting a complex, interconnected system.

Libraries

According to the provided source, "libraries" are institutions undergoing significant technological evolution, focusing on modern tools like social media, discovery systems, and user experience to enhance services. They are involved in collaborative projects, such as union catalogs and website redesigns, to improve resource access and usability. Libraries also prioritize critical issues including accessibility, privacy, and adapting services in response to events like the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, they are depicted as dynamic organizations where technology and partnerships are leveraged to meet community needs and improve scholarly communication.

Data

Data is information gathered, such as the usage statistics from 38 ITAL articles that Sharon Farnel collected via the Sqend Event Data service. The concept also encompasses open datasets developed through methods like text mining, topic modeling, and GIS as discussed in the context of the "collections as data" movement. Furthermore, data includes bibliographic records, as evidenced by the MARC format used in systems like the Eclipse editor and the compression of alphanumeric data in databases. Lastly, web analytics usage statistics are a form of data that libraries implement to measure webpage effectiveness and refine their digital presence.

System

Based on the provided text, a "system" refers to a structured framework or technological solution used for managing library operations and services. The text specifically mentions systems in the context of a "batch retrospective-conversion subsystem" implemented within a library and a "computerized circulation control system" used by the Health Sciences Library. It also discusses the "WLN Computer System" as a mainframe facility. These systems are designed to automate and improve the efficiency of library functions.

Search

According to the provided source material, "search" encompasses integrated tools like a "search-all" function that aims to simplify user interaction with library resources. It also refers to "search keys," which are derived from elements like author names to facilitate efficient retrieval from large bibliographic databases. The functionality of a local search engine directly influences the capabilities of a metasearch engine, impacting how content is discovered. User studies, such as those on Primo, often reveal a preference for streamlined "one box" search interfaces over more complex, tabbed search layouts.

Users

"Users" typically refer to library patrons who interact with services or resources, such as individuals accessing digital materials through institutional repositories or participating in technology lending programs. The JRD Tata Memorial Library implemented a Shibboleth-based single sign-on system for streamlined access management, directly impacting users' authentication experiences. At Colorado State University's Morgan Library, users of the laptop lending service reported issues like slow startups and connectivity problems, indicating their direct engagement with library-provided technology. Additionally, Susan Thompson's research at California State University San Marcos highlighted that users who utilized desktop computers were more inclined to access other library services and collections.

University

Based on the provided source, the term "university" is mentioned in the context of institutions like the University of Idaho Library that utilize technology such as the eGlass for creating instructional videos. Universities are also referenced as the affiliations of authors contributing to Information Technology and Libraries, such as those from the University of Oklahoma and Central Washington University. These universities are depicted as environments where library professionals implement and study new information technologies. The source further illustrates universities as organizations that adapt services, like using institutional repositories for virtual events during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Services

Based on the provided text, "services" refers to functions and offerings provided by libraries and related organizations. The text specifically mentions that libraries might outsource library services, such as considering outsourcing e-mail to Google to save on costs. Furthermore, libraries can use mobile applications to expand the reach of their services and offer new ones to users. The term is also discussed in terms of what services members value from their professional association, LITA, and includes concerns about integrated request and delivery services in library technology systems.

Web

Based on the provided source, the "web" is referenced as a platform for library services and digital content delivery. It serves as a medium for hosting online catalogs, research guides, and emerging technologies like 3D-rendered scenes. The source discusses the maintenance and navigation challenges of web-based research guides to improve user experience. It also mentions multimedia, such as streaming video, being delivered via the web.

Research

Based on the provided source material, research is an investigative process that often begins with a review of related literature to understand the existing scholarly conversation, as noted by Scott Nicholson's tutorial. It can involve analyzing various strategies to leverage resources, as mentioned in the abstract of the text. The process is also shaped by ongoing scholarly debates, such as the long-standing one about the citation advantages of open access mentioned in the source. Furthermore, research may culminate in developing new methodologies, for instance, creating blended information sources like those achieved through Index Blending.

Access

Based on the provided sources, "access" refers to the online availability and use of research outputs or materials without restrictions, often free of charge. This concept is exemplified through tools like browser extensions that help users find open versions of scholarly articles when they encounter paywalls. Additionally, access involves the workflows and infrastructure to support the collection and management of resources, such as past exam papers in a repository. It also includes the provision of services like wireless internet connectivity in libraries, which may use a central captive portal with different service levels for user groups.

Lita

LITA stands for the Library and Information Technology Association, a division of the American Library Association (ALA) that was officially voted into existence in 1966. The association has been led by prominent figures in library technology and focuses on topics such as conferences, strategic planning, and advocacy. In its later years, LITA was involved in discussions regarding a potential merger with ALCTS and LLAMA, which ultimately led to its transformation into a new division called Core. This change marks a significant evolution in the organization's history, which celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2016.

Metadata

I cannot define metadata because the source text you provided does not contain a definition. The text references metadata in several contexts, such as the batch importing of theses metadata and tracking changes in metadata-creation practices. However, it does not explain what metadata is. It discusses the processes and challenges associated with metadata but omits its fundamental meaning. To answer your question, you would need to consult a source that explicitly defines the term.

Content

Based solely on the provided source, "content" can be inferred as the material, such as history being made and recorded, that is being saved in digital form by librarians and archivists. This digital content is part of a larger "battlefront to save cultural history," suggesting it is the information and records that require preservation. The mention of moving a university website to a content management system implies that content is the core information managed by such systems. However, the source does not provide a direct or explicit definition for the term.

Students

Based on the provided text, "students" are the individuals being educated by both full-time and adjunct faculty in the digital environment. They are mentioned as the primary group for whom library resources are being integrated into the Learning Management System, Canvas. "Students" are also the individuals who benefit from easier consultation booking with librarians through tools like Google Calendar. Ultimately, they are the central audience for whom these enhanced educational and library services are designed.

Study

Public

Based on the provided sources, the term "public" is not explicitly defined. The only direct usage is in the title of "public library," which implies an institution that serves the community. The sources touch upon themes that serve the public good, such as using technology to help people navigate information and advocating for copyright exceptions that benefit library patrons. Therefore, the concept of "public" from these sources relates to the community-focused mission of libraries themselves.

Book

According to the provided source, a book is a physical or digital medium comprising organized content such as Nicolaus Copernicus's "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres," which is a rare scientific text in the University of Oklahoma Libraries' collection. The source also refers to books in the context of practical guides, like Kevin Hegarty's work on library contract negotiation and Matt Garrish and Markus Gylling's book about the EPUB 3 framework for electronic publications. Additionally, books serve educational functions, such as Donald H. Ford's FORTRAN book for self-study or introductory courses. The concept also encompasses theoretical contributions, such as Lawrence Lessig's "Free Culture," which addresses intellectual property issues.

Catalog

Based on the provided text, a catalog is an organized system, often digital, used to identify and locate library materials. The text mentions specific types, such as an online catalog where acceptable response times are a concern and a vendor-supplied microform catalog replacing a card catalog. It also describes features like a "classified browse" that uses Library of Congress classification as an alternative to keyword searching within a catalog. Furthermore, the text refers to using automated data processing for discographic operations in a music library, which is another form of cataloging.

Resources

Subject

"Subject" refers to the labels that librarians assign to organize resources, which can vary from very short to much longer lists on library websites. These subject labels help categorize and facilitate the discovery of materials like electronic databases and media items. The process of selecting and applying subject terms involves considerations such as response time and cataloging efficiency. Enhancing subject access may involve techniques like adding keywords, utilizing community tagging features, or employing automated systems for bibliographic data generation.

Results

File

Based on the provided text, a file in this context is a digital structure for storing data, such as the "random access disk file" used by a library acquisition system. This specific file contains a sizable number of records that are frequently added and deleted. The file's efficiency in access time and record density depends on its key, which is a 16-character structure. Other examples include the truncated index files maintained by an online cataloging system for shared cataloging.

Computer

The provided sources do not contain a direct definition of a "computer." The text mentions "computer operations" as one of five analytical perspectives within a 1981 paper commissioned for a review of the MARC format by the Library of Congress. This context suggests the paper considered the role of computers in library functions like managing bibliographic records and developing online catalogs. However, no explicit explanation of what a computer is can be derived from the given excerpts. Therefore, based solely on the source provided, I cannot offer a definition of the term.

Staff

In the provided source, "staff" refers to library employees who develop practical solutions, such as when "the library staff developed and deployed 3D printed port covers" at Hudson County Community College. It also denotes employees participating in training programs, as seen in "self-directed training for HBLL staff and students" that promotes technology skills applicable to their work. Additionally, "staff" includes librarians implementing new systems, like those at the United States Navy Academy who migrated to LibGuides. Overall, the term encompasses library personnel engaged in problem-solving, training, and adapting services or technologies.

Systems

Time

Based on the provided text, "time" is referred to as periods marked by significant events and challenges, such as the chaotic period when Core became a division of ALA and the difficult summer of 2020 for Margaret Heller. It also denotes intervals for organizational reflection, as noted by Andrew K. Pace in the context of the period between ALA conferences. Additionally, "time" is used to describe performance metrics in library systems, exemplified by the slow response time experienced when querying databases at Auraria Library. This encompasses both experiential durations and technical performance measurements relevant to library operations.

Ital

"ITAL" refers to the journal Information Technology and Libraries, which is dedicated to library automation and related topics. The first issue of ITAL appeared in 1982, and it is considered an important publication to the library profession. The journal has had a series of editors over the years, including individuals like John Helmer and current editors such as Bob Gerrity and Marc Truitt. As a technology-focused journal, ITAL publishes articles that discuss technical terminology relevant to the field.

Website

Text

The provided sources do not directly define the general term "text." Instead, they implicitly treat "text" as the content of documents, exemplified by references to "text documents" and storage techniques like compression with word substitution. One source mentions a specific document, "Microsoft Word - March_ITAL_stuart_TC proofread.docx," indicating that a Microsoft Word file is considered a text document. Therefore, within the context of these sources, "text" refers to the written content stored and processed in digital documents.

Discovery

Records

Based on the provided text, "records" in this context refers to the conceptual items that are arranged, described, and accessed within library and archival systems. This is illustrated by the discussion of adapting a library system for archival practice and creating "record clusters" for collected works versus single works. The concept is further informed by the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), a model for the bibliographic universe. Therefore, "records" are the described entities that document and organize materials for preservation and research access.

Collections

Project

Based on the provided text, the word "project" refers to a specific, defined undertaking, such as a website migration or redesign, which can be done internally or contracted to a vendor. Laurie Willis discusses the considerations for managing such a project, noting a significant learning curve. In another context, a "project" is the collaborative newspaper preservation initiative funded by a grant and managed by Ana Krahmer and Laura Douglas. Finally, the Cloud901 teen learning center itself is presented as a project that provides resources for youth creative production.

Google

The provided sources do not contain any information defining "google." The column by Karin Suni and Christopher A. Brown focuses on using freeware for patron engagement in public libraries. The mention of Michael Gorman's 2005 generalization about "Blog People" and Marc Truitt's interest in its implications pertains to discussions about reading complex texts. None of these sources offer a definition or explanation of the term "google."

Cataloging

The provided text does not define or describe the process of cataloging. According to the source, Richard Brzustowicz holds an opinion that does not advocate for replacing human catalogers with ChatGPT. The source also indicates that the Library of Congress recommended forming a committee to review changes to MARC formats, which are standards used in cataloging. The text specifies that this committee would have a primary interest in serial and monograph formats, which are common types of materials involved in the cataloging process.

Tools

Based on the provided source, "tools" are programs and applications used to make work easier. The article specifically mentions free screen capturing tools, such as Jing, which are becoming more intuitive to learn and use. These tools can be employed to build pathfinders for users by creating short screencasts. Jing, for example, allows for the creation and uploading of screencasts that are five minutes or less to a server on Screencast.com.

Marc

MARC refers to a machine-readable cataloging record used as a national standard for bibliographic data exchange. The source material indicates that LC/MARC records are based on the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules as interpreted by the Library of Congress. Its physical format for transmitting machine-readable data adheres to the codified standards ANSI Z39.2-1971 and ISO 2709-1973 (E). A study referenced demonstrates the timeliness of MARC records by showing that four-fifths of them arrived at a library the same week as or earlier than corresponding proofsheets.

Work

Software

Kathleen Carlson's work refers to software like TechSmith's Camtasia Studio as a tool used for creating streaming video tutorials. These tutorials provide students with 24-hour access to information on library services, such as interlibrary loan ordering and research methods. Librarians and vendors both create and provide these instructional videos. The study mentioned found that while the accessibility of these software-created tutorials for people with disabilities was positive, the quality of the vendor-provided tutorials received mixed results.

Service

Page

Design

Based on the provided source, "design" here refers to a User Centered Design approach applied to library websites. This approach was utilized by Mark Cyzyk's team at The Sheridan Libraries to plan the two major redesigns of their website over the past five years. It involves designing with the primary user group's needs and behaviors as the central focus. This methodology is a topic of discussion in ITAL, with Ann Kucera arguing that it does not inherently mean eliminating website features that users did not explicitly request.

Community

Based on the provided text, the concept of "community" refers to the sense of connection and association desired by members of a professional group like LITA. For patrons, community is something libraries aim to create virtually, indicating a desired space for connection beyond physical interactions. The text further contrasts this desired community with tangible library metrics like gate counts and circulation records. Ultimately, a library that successfully fosters this sense of community, whether physical or virtual, is considered well-managed and in high demand.

Reference

Faculty

Repository

Standards

Record

Automation

Experience

Based on the provided text, the term "experience" is not directly defined. However, "experience" can be inferred as the type of practical knowledge gained from teaching and being involved in hiring processes, as in the case of Emily Morton-Owens. Additionally, "experience" can be understood as the skills sought after in library jobs, as analyzed by Monica Maceli in her text analysis of job postings. This analysis reveals what skills co-occur and are most frequent, shaping the required experience for these roles.

Program

Based strictly on the provided source, a "program" in this context is a virtual reality experience called "Journey with Veterans." This program was created using a Google Expeditions kit purchased with a grant. The kit and supplies were obtained by the Fresno County Public Library. The program falls under the outreach efforts of community librarian Jessica Hall.

People

Collection

However, the term "collection" is not explicitly defined in the provided text. Based on the sources, a library's collection can be inferred to include manuscripts and materials managed by software like Aeon. Additionally, Rachel K. Fischer's recommendations imply that a collection extends beyond books to encompass diverse materials like programs and toys within a public library setting. Ultimately, a collection represents the aggregate of resources and materials a library manages and develops for its users.

Journal

Board

Title

The term "title" in this context refers to the heading or name used for indexing entries within a shared cataloging system, such as the one explored in the experiment for the Ohio College Library Center. The source text describes an effort to design an efficient title index for catalogers operating within an on-line shared cataloging system. It further indicates that serial titles are particularly important, as over 80 percent of references in scientific source journals are to serials. The experiment highlighted the need for user-oriented serial lists, underscoring that most libraries have historically done little to reconcile their cataloging approaches.

Librarians

Format

Server

Rdf

Group

Author

Permission

Based solely on the provided text, "permission" refers to the legal authorization granted by a copyright owner that was required for the articles in the journal "Information Technology and Libraries" to be reproduced in this specific instance. The source text explicitly states that reproduction was done with this permission. Additionally, the notice "Further reproduction prohibited without permission" emphasizes that the copyright holder's authorization is required for any subsequent copying. This concept is central to copyright law, though the provided text only provides these specific usage instances.

Issue

Space

Terms

"Terms" is not defined in the provided source material. The first source discusses the linguistic structure of tags and their alignment with NISO guidelines for controlled vocabularies. The second source is a summary document about technology and developer skills, including information from external sources. Based on the given sources, there is no direct definition of "terms."

Core

"Core: Leadership, Infrastructure, Futures" is the name of a new consolidated division within the American Library Association (ALA). It was formed as the result of a merger between three of ALA's existing divisions: ALCTS, LITA, and LLLAMA. This information comes from a source that confirms the merger and welcomes subscribers to the new entity. The membership of Core now includes readers who were previously part of those separate divisions.

List

Ala

Editor

Change

Planning

Code

Based strictly on the provided text, "code" refers to a catalog code, specifically mentioning AACR2, which is a set of rules for bibliographic description. Catalog codes, like those historically used by the Library of Congress, govern the practices for creating library catalog records. The text discusses the intent of the AACR2 code to standardize practices and reduce variance in cataloging. It also uses "code" in a different context when referring to "codebases" in relation to Mark Cyzyk's work, implying a set of programming instructions for software projects.

Case

Year

Oclc

Column

Meeting

Character

Context

Initiatives

Question

Volume

Hope

Reviewers

Chesapeake

Mistakes

Gerrity

Partnership

Subrecord

Current

Award

Jola

Advertising

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-11-20