A
short
Discourse
of
the
excellency
of
Englands
Laws
and
Religion
,
&c.
IT
is
not
unknown
to
us
the
Free-born
Protestants
of
England
,
that
our
Nation
claimeth
the
priority
of
all
other
Nations
in
the
World
for
ancient
and
famous
Laws
,
and
Peace
and
Religion
.
The
Laws
and
Customs
of
England
,
Fortescus
,
)
are
ancienter
then
the
Laws
of
the
Romans
,
Venetians
,
The
ras
substrata
of
the
statute
Laws
of
England
,
is
reason
,
which
indeed
is
the
totum
compositum
of
the
common
Law
.
Common
Law
,
is
a
vast
mine
of
right
reason
,
out
of
which
all
other
Laws
are
digged
,
and
fitly
squared
to
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
:
he
therefore
is
esteemed
the
best
Lawyer
that
spoke
the
best
reason
,
and
herein
the
People
of
England
excel
all
other
Nations
,
in
that
they
are
only
subjected
(
by
the
Law
,
)
to
reason
,
and
the
purest
reason
,
which
to
be
,
is
doubtless
perfect
freedom
;
yea
it
may
truly
be
affirmed
,
that
by
the
Law
they
are
subjects
only
to
divine
reason
;
for
we
have
such
a
standing
Law
upon
record
,
that
whatsoever
Custom
,
maxim
,
or
Statute
,
shall
be
faind
directly
contrary
to
the
Law
of
God
;
that
Custom
,
Maxim
,
Statute
,
or
Case
,
shall
be
ipso
facto
void
,
and
so
adjudged
.
And
as
for
the
matter
for
the
form
,
the
Laws
of
England
are
the
absolute
,
and
undoubted
best
in
the
World
;
for
as
there
is
universal
obedience
required
and
injoyned
to
every
Law
inacted
,
for
there
is
a
general
assent
in
the
acting
and
constitution
of
that
Law
.
There
are
3.
estates
which
concur
,
(
as
joynt
causes
of
the
same
effect
)
in
making
of
a
Law
.
These
3.
Conjunctions
do
make
the
supreme
Authority
of
the
Nation
,
the
Apax
,
or
Culmen
potestatis
,
being
set
upon
the
Kings
head
,
all
Writs
and
procession
issuing
out
in
his
name
;
with
him
are
joyned
the
House
of
Lords
,
and
the
House
of
Commons
:
these
3.
divisions
are
limitted
by
Law
;
but
compunction
they
have
power
to
repeal
,
or
make
a
Law
;
and
none
can
say
unto
them
,
why
do
you
so
?
but
either
of
these
apart
,
are
limitted
by
Law
.
Limitations
of
royal
power
have
been
made
and
acknowledged
by
Magna
Charta
,
and
several
other
acts
,
and
no
obedience
,
acknowledged
any
otherwise
then
according
to
Law
;
and
King
Charles
acknowledged
,
that
the
measure
of
his
power
was
the
Law
,
and
he
desired
no
more
then
what
he
was
invested
with
by
Law
.
And
so
of
the
other
two
estates
of
Lords
and
Commons
,
these
three
have
negative
voices
alike
,
have
freedom
(
in
their
several
places
,
)
a
like
freedom
to
make
motions
,
and
freedom
to
reject
what
they
dislike
.
This
is
the
absolutest
best
Government
in
the
World
,
as
is
clear
from
God
and
Nature
.
God
himself
who
is
the
Almighty
Monark
of
all
Spirits
,
hath
pleased
to
reveal
himself
to
Man
in
a
Trinity
of
persons
,
and
governs
the
universe
by
himself
,
Angels
and
Men
Celestical
Bodies
,
by
Sun
,
Moon
,
and
Stars
:
the
little
World
Man
by
understanding
,
will
and
affections
;
and
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
by
King
,
Lords
,
and
Commons
.
The
King
of
himself
cannot
make
a
Law
of
himself
,
if
he
do
,
t
is
tyranny
,
nor
the
Lords
in
a
part
by
themselves
,
nor
the
Commons
by
themselves
against
the
other
two
,
if
they
do
,
it
is
usurpation
,
exceeding
presumption
,
perjury
and
Treason
,
for
they
are
sworn
to
the
contrary
by
their
Oaths
of
allegiance
and
supremacy
,
to
act
nothing
against
the
Crown
and
Dignity
of
their
Soveraign
Lord
the
King
;
besides
,
they
are
sworn
to
maintain
the
Priviledges
of
Parliament
.
The
King
makes
the
first
of
these
three
Estates
,
by
a
right
,
which
is
not
by
election
,
nor
by
Conquest
simply
,
but
by
inheritance
;
for
the
Saxon
Kings
laying
the
plat-form
of
good
Government
,
here
in
England
continued
it
succesfully
,
until
the
Danes
drove
them
into
Corners
,
subduing
them
for
a
time
,
the
which
they
soon
recovered
again
,
and
so
recovered
their
ancient
Customs
and
Laws
again
,
and
continued
them
,
Edward
the
Confessor
,
who
was
of
the
Saxon
line
,
having
no
Heir
,
descending
of
his
body
,
intended
to
make
Edgar
Ethling
,
Gran-child
to
Ironside
his
successor
;
but
Edward
the
Confessor
dying
,
Harrold-Earl
,
Godwins
Sonne
,
being
popular
for
his
Victories
,
usurped
the
Crown
,
and
dispossessed
the
right
Heir
,
deluding
William
of
Normandy
,
to
whom
he
had
promised
by
Oath
the
Government
of
the
Kingdom
,
after
the
death
of
Edward
.
William
Duke
of
Normandy
hereupon
pleads
a
right
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
by
promise
(
as
he
said
)
from
Edward
the
Confessor
,
and
hereupon
brought
an
Army
with
him
from
Normandy
,
and
gave
battel
to
Harold
the
Usurper
,
at
Hastings
in
Sussex
,
where
he
overthrow'd
him
,
by
whose
overthrow
,
there
was
way
made
for
a
Treaty
betwixt
Duke
William
,
and
the
Nobles
and
Citizens
then
at
London
,
Duke
William
pleaded
his
right
by
promise
,
as
having
a
grant
of
the
Kingdom
made
to
him
by
Edward
the
Confessor
,
and
confirmed
by
Harrold
,
who
forswore
himself
,
and
usurped
the
Crown
:
hereupon
Duke
William
was
received
and
acknowledged
King
by
the
Nobles
and
City
of
London
,
after
this
Edgar
Ethling
,
who
indeed
was
the
right
Heyr
,
compounded
with
Duke
William
,
and
for
a
royal
allowance
,
which
Duke
William
granted
him
,
he
reconciled
himself
to
him
,
and
thus
William
came
in
as
Successour
to
Edward
the
Saxon
King
;
and
so
it
succeeded
from
the
Normans
to
the
Plantagenets
,
Henry
the
2.
being
the
Sonne
of
Maud
,
Henry
the
1.
his
Daughter
whom
he
married
to
Jeffery
Plantagenet
,
who
begat
Henry
the
2.
and
so
it
passed
from
the
Normans
to
the
Plantaginets
,
in
whose
unquestionable
time
,
eight
Kings
succeeded
each
other
:
afterwards
they
divided
Henry
the
4
of
the
younger
house
,
&
usurped
the
Crown
,
being
of
the
house
of
Lancaster
;
but
Edward
the
4.
of
the
house
of
York
,
coming
in
upon
a
better
Title
then
those
of
Lancaster
,
overthrew
those
that
opposed
his
Title
:
this
Division
continued
and
lived
until
Richard
the
3.
died
,
who
breathed
the
last
of
the
Plantagenets
:
The
Tudors
next
succeeded
the
Plantagenets
.
Henry
the
7.
matching
with
Elizabeth
,
the
eldest
Daughter
to
Edward
the
4.
of
the
house
of
York
,
united
both
houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
,
laying
the
white
Rose
and
the
red
together
,
in
the
royal
person
of
Henry
the
7.
the
Scepter
fell
back
into
the
Current
of
the
old
brittish
blood
:
together
with
the
German
,
Norman
,
Burgandian
,
Castalian
,
and
French
atchievements
,
with
the
intermarriages
,
which
800
years
had
acquired
,
incorporated
,
and
brought
back
into
the
old
royal
time
.
Nauntons
,
fegmenta
Regalia
,
p.
2.
Sec.
1.
So
that
the
Stuarts
,
have
an
unquestionable
Title
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
from
the
old
Christian
brittish
Kings
,
whose
antiquity
is
beyond
all
the
Kings
in
the
World
.
The
Tudors
expiring
in
Queen
Elizabeth
,
the
mighty
Family
of
the
Stuarts
,
succeeded
by
an
unquestionable
Title
,
as
lineally
descended
from
Margaret
the
eldest
Daughter
of
Henry
the
7.
of
whom
descended
James
the
1.
of
England
,
and
sixth
of
Scotland
,
he
reigning
22.
years
,
died
and
left
the
possession
of
England
,
Scotland
and
Ireland
to
Charles
the
1.
who
after
he
had
raigned
24.
years
,
was
cut
off
by
a
violent
death
,
Jan.
30.
1648.
at
his
own
door
.
So
that
by
this
it
may
appear
,
by
what
right
the
Kings
of
England
have
for
above
these
100.
years
made
the
first
and
chief
estate
in
Parliament
,
t
is
by
a
right
of
succession
and
inheritance
,
always
acknowledged
and
granted
by
the
King
.
The
House
of
Lords
make
the
second
Estate
,
because
the
Nobility
of
a
Kingdom
are
the
main
pillers
of
those
political
Thea●ors
where
they
live
,
and
as
they
are
Clarior
et
illustri●r
pars
populi
,
they
do
claim
that
priviledge
jure
geutium
,
in
this
Kingdom
they
claim
it
as
their
Birth-right
,
never
in
any
age
denied
them
;
their
house
being
far
more
ancient
then
the
House
of
Commons
;
for
Henry
the
1.
was
the
first
that
established
the
House
of
Commons
,
and
the
House
of
Commons
make
the
third
estate
who
are
called
by
the
Kings
Writ
,
and
chosen
by
the
people
to
be
their
Trustees
in
Parl
:
these
being
chosen
,
and
come
up
to
Westminster
,
or
the
place
where
the
King
appoints
,
they
are
called
over
in
the
Kings
presence
,
and
there
they
answer
for
what
Shire
or
Town
they
are
,
which
done
,
The
House
of
Commons
have
power
to
impeach
any
person
of
Treason
,
except
the
King
;
for
the
King
is
one
of
their
Estates
and
the
Head
:
now
neither
of
these
3.
Estates
can
impeach
an
other
,
the
King
&
Lords
cannot
impeach
the
House
of
Commons
,
because
it
is
the
third
estate
;
and
the
King
and
Commons
cannot
impeach
the
House
of
Lords
,
because
it
makes
the
second
Estate
,
hereby
the
community
must
necessarily
dissolve
it self
,
if
either
of
the
Estates
could
impeach
each
other
:
therefore
the
Lords
and
Commons
be
they
never
so
intire
and
full
,
have
no
power
de
jure
to
impeach
the
King
,
because
he
makes
the
first
estate
in
Parl
:
indeed
they
have
power
to
curb
the
exorbitances
of
each
other
;
and
for
this
end
,
their
two
Estates
of
Lords
and
Commons
,
were
devised
,
to
curb
the
excess
of
Monarchs
;
but
in
no
wise
to
dethrone
them
.
The
House
of
Commons
never
was
a
Court
of
Judicature
,
it
had
a
regative
voice
in
the
making
of
new
Lawes
,
and
the
chiefest
hand
in
granting
subsidies
,
levying
Taxes
,
and
imposing
Customs
on
this
Kingdom
,
without
whom
,
the
King
and
Lords
could
not
proceed
.
The
original
of
the
Subjects
liberty
came
first
out
of
Germany
,
where
saith
Tacitus
,
nec
Regibus
libera
aut
infinita
potestas
erat
.
Kings
had
not
unlimitted
power
,
but
the
weighty
matters
of
the
Realm
were
dispatched
by
general
meetings
of
all
Estates
;
but
it
can
never
be
found
that
the
House
of
Commons
was
a
Court
of
Judicature
they
are
but
the
Peoples
Trustees
,
and
this
power
they
have
,
that
they
have
a
negative
voice
in
the
making
of
a
Law
,
or
imposing
of
any
Taxes
;
and
herein
is
the
great
and
vast
liberty
of
the
English
Subject
included
,
that
there
can
be
no
Law
imposed
on
them
,
but
what
their
Representatives
or
Trustees
in
Parl
:
shall
agree
unto
,
and
if
after
they
have
agreed
unto
a
Law
which
proves
inconvenient
,
or
not
so
effectual
as
was
intended
for
the
good
of
the
People
.
Fortescue
)
Cancito
reformari
potest
.
England
in
their
framing
are
the
best
Laws
in
the
World
.
3.
English
Laws
may
truly
be
called
Justice
in
the
abstract
;
for
they
do
suum
cuique
tribu●re
.
They
give
the
King
his
due
,
the
Nobles
their
due
,
and
the
Commons
their
due
;
to
each
man
,
from
him
that
welds
the
Scepter
,
to
him
that
holds
the
Plough
,
it
gives
him
his
right
.
The
Law
sets
the
King
above
imprisonment
,
or
attainture
by
his
Subjects
;
by
this
Rule
in
Law
,
nemo
imprisonetur
aut
disvisietur
nisi
per
judicium
Legale
parium
.
Now
all
other
men
in
the
Kingdom
may
be
tryed
,
because
there
are
to
be
found
his
Fellow-Subjects
,
equal
in
all
the
priviledges
of
a
Subject
with
him
;
but
a
King
,
take
him
either
in
his
personal
capacity
,
or
publick
capacity
,
he
is
no
Subject
of
the
Law
:
indeed
,
he
is
sworn
to
maintain
and
defend
the
Law
.
The
King
is
bound
to
maintain
the
Law
by
his
Oath
,
the
form
of
which
Oath
runs
thus
.
You
shall
keep
the
Church
of
God
,
the
Clergy
and
People
intirely
in
peace
and
concord
in
God
,
according
to
your
power
.
The
King
answers
,
I
will
keep
them
:
you
shall
cause
equal
and
right
justice
in
all
your
judgements
,
and
discretion
in
mercy
and
truth
,
according
to
your
power
.
The
King
answers
,
I
will
do
it
,
you
shall
grant
just
Laws
and
Customs
to
be
kept
,
and
you
shall
promise
that
those
shall
be
protected
by
you
,
and
to
the
lover
of
God
to
be
strengthened
,
which
the
common
People
shall
choose
according
to
their
power
.
To
which
the
King
answers
,
I
give
and
promise
it
.
This
Oath
the
King
takes
at
his
Coronation
,
viz.
Parl.
Rol.
1.
Hen.
4.
but
in
case
he
doth
not
so
fully
execute
the
Laws
as
is
meete
,
there
can
be
no
Judge
legal
of
the
King
,
because
he
is
a
Monark
,
and
there
cannot
be
Judges
of
the
accesse
of
Monarchy
;
for
none
can
be
found
his
equals
,
and
to
judge
him
otherwise
,
were
to
deny
the
Monarch
:
what
is
granted
to
the
meaner
Subject
,
which
is
to
be
judged
by
his
equalls
.
But
though
the
Monark
cannot
be
judged
,
yet
the
instruments
of
that
Monark
may
;
for
a
Commission
from
the
King
cannot
bear
out
a
Subject
beyond
Law
,
the
exorbitant
Commands
of
such
a
Monak
,
as
our
English
Monark
being
politically
powerless
;
and
if
Authority
fail
in
the
supreme
Power
,
the
instrument
can
have
none
from
thence
derived
to
him
,
but
must
necessarily
fall
under
the
censure
of
the
Law
;
so
that
though
the
King
is
head
of
the
three
Estates
,
cannot
be
molested
;
yet
the
instruments
that
he
implies
against
Law
may
be
tryed
.
This
Law
is
most
agreeable
to
the
Law
of
God
,
and
the
Law
of
nature
;
to
the
Law
of
God
,
for
Kings
are
the
Representatives
of
God
on
earth
,
and
none
can
touch
them
,
we
see
this
clear
in
two
famous
instances
,
in
Saul
,
who
(
could
crimes
have
brought
him
under
the
censure
of
men
)
had
enough
to
dethrone
him
;
for
he
was
a
Tyrant
,
a
murtherer
,
and
a
publick
enemy
to
the
Church
and
State
,
yet
David
when
he
could
have
done
justice
upon
him
,
said
,
God
forbid
,
for
he
is
the
Lords
anointed
,
the
declared
King
of
Israel
.
And
David
that
was
guilty
of
murther
and
adultery
,
both
of
them
deserving
death
by
the
Law
,
yet
was
not
questioned
by
his
Subjects
,
because
God
only
hath
the
power
of
punishing
Kings
,
and
not
man
.
This
is
most
agreeable
to
the
Law
of
nature
;
for
if
Kings
should
be
subject
to
their
Subjects
,
then
the
order
must
needs
be
confounded
,
and
the
Law
of
nature
utterly
rooted
up
,
which
orders
approves
no
further
then
the
supreme
Authority
,
which
if
judged
by
any
,
is
not
the
supreme
,
and
so
produceth
confusion
and
infinition
:
Therefore
we
conclude
,
that
the
Laws
of
England
are
the
best
Laws
in
the
World
in
every
respect
,
both
for
matter
,
form
,
and
distribution
.
And
as
for
Laws
,
so
for
pure
Religion
,
it
is
beyond
all
other
Nations
,
it
received
the
Apostolick
faith
almost
,
if
not
all
out
as
soon
as
Rome
that
brags
of
its
antiquity
.
Gindas
telleth
us
,
that
England
received
the
Gospel
in
the
Apostles
dayes
,
Joseph
at
Armathea
bringing
it
into
the
Kingdom
,
Origen
and
Turtullian
tell
us
,
Europe
.
This
we
are
sure
that
it
hath
retained
it
in
its
purity
,
the
longest
of
any
Nation
,
it
had
a
great
share
in
the
Presevitians
under
the
Heathen
Emperours
of
Rome
;
after
that
under
the
Arrian
and
Entichion
Heresies
,
and
after
that
under
Popus
,
the
bloudiest
and
cruellest
enemy
to
the
Church
;
so
that
from
the
Apostles
time
till
this
day
,
Christian
Religion
(
though
sometimes
obscured
)
never
was
obliterate
nor
extinct
in
the
Kingdom
.
And
as
this
Kingdom
hath
been
famous
for
Laws
and
Religion
above
others
,
so
it
hath
been
the
famousest
in
the
World
for
Religious
and
valiant
Kings
to
protect
it
,
and
eminent
Ministers
to
divulge
it
.
Lucious
the
Son
of
Coilus
,
who
was
King
of
England
,
was
the
first
Christian
King
,
Jesus
Christ
smiling
upon
this
Nation
above
all
others
,
in
blessing
it
with
a
righteous
King
,
which
was
a
miracle
in
the
World
:
at
that
time
Constantine
the
8.
King
of
England
,
after
Lucius
,
who
was
the
Son
of
beautiful
Helea
,
King
Coil
his
Daughter
of
England
,
whom
she
brought
forth
at
York
,
he
becam
Emperour
of
Rome
,
conquering
the
Heathen
Emperours
with
a
Brittish
Army
,
and
so
converted
Rome
Heathen
into
Rome
,
Christian
the
famousest
Reformation
that
ever
was
wrought
in
the
World
,
so
that
England
is
famous
for
being
the
first
Christian
Kingdom
,
and
setting
up
Christian
Empire
,
English
Kings
having
been
the
only
great
friends
to
true
Religion
,
in
the
time
of
Paganisme
.
And
as
they
were
the
greatest
friends
to
Christs
Church
against
Rome
Pagan
,
so
they
have
been
the
greatest
friends
to
the
true
Chucrch
against
Rome
Antixfian
;
for
about
the
year
1070.
when
the
Pope
was
in
his
full
height
of
soverainty
,
the
Normons
line
succeeding
the
Saxons
in
England
,
were
the
first
Kings
that
contemned
the
Popes
Authority
.
William
the
Conqueror
spit
at
him
,
and
Wilt
Rufus
who
succeeded
him
,
openly
spake
against
the
Popes
usurped
power
of
binding
and
loosing
withstanding
and
rejecting
his
intrapped
fopperies
,
declaring
(
against
the
Pope
)
the
folly
of
invocating
Saints
,
he
plucked
proud
Arch
Bishop
Anselmes
nose
under
his
Girdle
,
in
despight
of
the
Pope
,
and
so
did
the
royal
Family
of
the
Plantagenets
.
The
Tudors
and
the
Stuarts
got
their
several
parts
in
greater
degrees
against
the
Pope
,
as
they
succeeded
each
other
.
So
that
the
Normans
may
be
said
to
resist
the
Pope
,
the
Plantagenets
to
grapple
with
the
Pope
,
the
Tudors
to
unhorse
the
Pope
,
and
the
Stuarts
to
stob
the
Pope
;
King
James
being
the
first
King
that
writ
against
him
,
&
proved
him
to
be
Antichrist
.
Against
the
Kings
of
England
the
Popes
have
born
an
old
grudge
,
and
indeavoured
to
destroy
those
Kings
or
Queens
,
which
resisted
their
Authority
,
at
least
12.
Treasons
against
Q.
Elizabeth
were
discovered
,
and
prevented
;
which
so
frustrated
Pope
Pius
Quintus
projects
,
that
it
broke
his
heart
for
malice
,
that
he
could
not
with
his
Bulls
(
which
with
his
own
hands
he
sealed
)
depose
and
dethrone
the
Protestant
Queen
;
for
she
took
occasion
from
the
Popes
wickedness
,
and
the
Papists
treachery
,
to
extirpate
Priests
and
Jesuites
out
of
the
Kingdom
;
whereupon
Pope
Gregory
13.
erected
a
Colledge
on
purpose
for
English
Priests
and
Jesuites
that
fled
from
England
to
Rome
,
and
another
at
Doway
,
which
was
much
nearer
England
,
that
they
might
there
both
frame
their
granadoes
of
Treason
against
the
English
Court
and
receive
such
persons
as
were
succesless
in
their
Treason
,
and
made
escapes
out
of
England
.
Against
King
James
,
besides
that
Treason
of
Warson
and
Clarke
,
the
prodigious
Gunpowder-plot
was
contrived
by
the
Papists
to
destroy
the
King
the
Prince
,
the
House
of
Lords
,
and
the
House
of
Commons
,
in
the
twinkling
of
an
eye
;
upon
this
ground
,
because
Pope
Clement
8.
by
a
Bull
,
Commanded
that
the
King
should
not
be
crowned
without
a
toleration
of
Popery
;
but
God
prevented
that
prodigious
blowe
.
Hereupon
the
King
and
the
Parl
:
framed
the
Oath
of
allegiance
to
be
taken
by
every
subject
in
the
Kingdom
,
't
is
thus
.
I.
A.
B
do
truly
and
sincerely
acknowle●ge
,
profess
,
testifie
and
declare
in
my
Conscience
,
before
God
and
the
World
,
that
our
Soveraign
Lord
K.
James
,
is
lawful
and
rightful
King
of
this
Realm
,
and
of
all
other
His
Maj.
Dominions
and
Countries
;
and
that
the
Pope
neither
of
himself
,
nor
by
any
Authority
of
the
Church
,
or
See
of
Rome
,
or
by
any
other
means
with
any
other
,
hath
any
power
of
Authority
to
depose
the
King
,
or
dispose
any
of
his
Majesties
Kingdoms
or
Dominions
,
or
to
authorize
any
forraign
Prince
to
invade
or
anoy
him
or
his
Countries
,
or
to
discharge
any
of
his
subjects
of
the
allegiance
and
obedience
to
His
Majesty
,
or
to
give
license
to
any
of
them
to
bear
Arms
,
or
offer
any
violence
or
hurt
to
His
Maj.
person
,
State
or
Government
,
or
to
any
of
His
Maj.
Subjects
.
I
do
swear
from
my
hear●
,
that
no
withstanding
any
Declaration
or
excom.
against
the
King
,
his
Heirs
and
Successours
,
or
any
absolution
of
the
said
Subjects
from
their
obedience
;
I
will
bear
faith
and
true
Religion
to
His
Maj.
His
Heirs
and
Successors
,
and
him
and
them
will
defend
to
the
utmost
of
my
power
,
against
all
conspiracies
and
attempts
whatsoever
;
and
I
do
detest
and
abhorre
as
impious
and
heretical
,
the
damnable
Doctrine
of
the
Pope
,
that
Princes
may
be
excommunicated
and
deprived
of
their
Kingdoms
,
deposed
and
murthered
by
their
Subjects
,
or
any
other
whatsoever
.
And
I
do
believe
that
neither
the
Pope
nor
any
other
can
absolve
me
from
this
Oath
,
and
all
these
things
I
do
plainly
swear
according
to
the
plain
and
common
sence
,
and
understanding
of
the
same
words
,
without
any
equivocation
or
mental
evation
,
or
secret
reservation
.
This
Oath
(
with
the
Oath
of
supremacy
)
the
supreme
Authority
of
the
Nation
thought
fit
to
impose
upon
all
the
Protestants
and
other
subjects
in
the
Kings
Dominions
.
The
Protestants
rejoyced
that
there
were
such
Oaths
whereby
they
might
manifest
their
loyalty
to
their
Soveraign
Lord
the
King
,
only
the
Papists
refused
it
,
having
and
using
no
other
plea
but
tenderness
of
Conscience
,
and
fear
to
offend
the
Church
of
Rome
:
these
Oaths
distinguished
Protestants
from
Papists
a
long
time
in
England
;
during
which
time
,
the
Kingdom
indured
much
peace
and
prosperity
;
but
after
the
death
of
K.
James
,
K
Charles
succeeding
him
in
the
Throne
,
and
matching
with
one
of
the
Popish
Religion
,
a
gap
was
opened
for
Priests
and
Jesuites
to
enter
into
the
Kingdom
,
and
Romish
designs
were
set
on
foot
,
for
the
setling
of
Jesuites
in
the
Kingdom
under
the
name
of
protestants
;
the
Pope
granting
dispensations
,
and
Jesuites
writing
books
,
(
as
Ortwinus
and
several
others
of
the
Church
of
Rome
)
that
it
was
lawful
for
a
Roman-Catholique
to
make
profession
of
the
●rotestant
Religion
,
to
go
to
their
Churches
,
and
outwardly
comply
with
Protestants
,
and
yet
be
a
sacred
Catholique
;
and
that
it
was
lawful
vulpirare
cum
vulpibus
,
to
play
the
knave
with
a
knave
,
(
they
are
their
own
words
.
)
Hereupon
subtil
Jesuites
under
the
name
of
Protestants
seated
themselves
in
England
undiscovered
,
held
correspondence
with
the
Conclave
of
Rome
,
and
carried
on
the
Popes
design
,
professing
all
obedience
to
the
King
;
but
keeping
their
poysonous
treason
against
him
in
their
brests
,
ready
to
spit
in
the
Kings
and
his
Posterities
face
,
when
they
had
fit
opportunity
;
for
they
had
learned
their
lesson
within
book
,
that
it
is
lawful
to
spoil
an
Heretique
King
of
his
Goods
,
melius
tamen
est
quod
Authoritate
judicis
fiat
;
but
't
is
better
to
do
it
by
a
Court
of
Justice
,
this
is
not
a
new
opinion
of
the
Popes
,
Jesuites
though
newly
acted
.
And
this
is
another
opinion
of
theirs
,
that
uxor
Catholica
viro
haeretico
bene
volentiam
reddere
non
tenetur
,
that
a
Papists
wife
may
refuse
to
submit
to
her
Husband
,
she
may
plot
and
conspire
his
death
by
the
Popes
Law
,
and
this
is
another
Cardinals
opinion
,
(
whose
Books
are
licensed
)
Pater
qui
filium
habet
haereticum
,
exh●reditare
talem
filium
tenetur
,
that
the
Father
may
disinherit
his
Son
being
a
Protestant
,
&
Simancha
episcopus
saith
▪
propter
tonne
haeresin
patris
filii
non
sunt
sui
juris
,
Protestant
Princes
,
saith
Beliarmine
;
Non
licet
Christianis
tolerare
regem
haereticum
,
That
Christian
Subjects
ought
not
to
tolerate
a
Protestant
King
to
live
;
for
in
the
Papists
sense
they
are
the
Hereticks
.
With
these
poisonous
opinions
,
did
many
subtil
Jesuites
and
Priests
lie
about
the
Court
,
get
into
Vniversities
and
other
places
in
the
Kingdom
,
under
the
name
of
Protestants
many
of
them
.
These
with
the
Popes
Nuncio
,
having
won
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
to
their
party
,
as
States-men
conceived
,
drove
on
a
subtil
design
to
overthrow
the
Government
of
the
Kingdom
by
a
Parl
:
and
so
to
pull
down
the
Protestant
Magistracy
,
and
all
their
wholsome
Laws
,
and
by
insinuating
Altars
,
Crucifixes
,
Images
,
and
Image-worship
,
with
several
other
popish
Ceremonies
,
and
imposing
them
on
the
Ministery
of
England
,
thereby
they
intended
at
once
to
root
out
the
Protestant
Ministery
,
and
Protestant
Religion
.
This
took
effect
according
to
the
Popes
desires
so
fully
,
and
raised
the
hopes
of
the
Popish
party
so
high
,
that
they
resolved
(
like
Haman
)
to
destroy
the
Church
in
every
of
the
Kings
Dominions
.
Scotland
they
intended
to
new-mould
to
the
Popes
model
,
which
Nation
,
though
poor
and
weak
intemporals
,
proved
to
the
world
,
that
they
were
rich
and
strong
in
spirituals
;
for
they
discovered
the
Popes
designes
,
and
the
English
Jesuites
,
&
the
plots
of
the
Spanish
faction
;
insomuch
,
that
the
Protestant
Nobility
of
England
,
petitioned
the
King
for
a
●arl
:
which
was
granted
,
and
the
etcaetera
Oath
,
a
Popish
new
Engagement
,
on
purpose
devised
to
supplant
the
Protestant
Ministery
,
was
utterly
broken
.
The
Parl
:
was
by
the
gracious
consent
of
the
King
established
to
sit
until
by
their
own
Act
they
dissolved
themselves
.
This
as
it
was
great
joy
to
the
Protestants
:
so
it
was
exceeding
terror
to
the
Papists
and
Popish
faction
,
many
of
which
fled
beyond
the
Seas
to
Rome
,
and
other
places
.
Several
others
like
subtil
Foxes
got
on
Sheeps-Cloathing
,
and
walked
amongst
the
Separatists
,
who
during
the
Prelates
tyranny
,
were
counted
the
most
religious
and
zealous
Protestants
,
with
these
did
they
joyn
and
quickly
learned
their
language
,
fitting
them
in
all
things
to
a
hair
,
crying
out
against
.
Antichrist
the
Pope
of
Rome
,
&
Common
Prayer
,
or
Antichrists
Bible
,
and
Bishops
as
Antichrists
brats
:
this
pleased
the
Separatists
,
and
no
whit
displeased
the
most
of
Protestants
,
who
too
far
lost
their
discretion
through
the
violence
of
their
blind
passions
,
who
thought
to
much
could
not
be
said
against
Episcopal
Government
,
it
had
been
so
exceeding
tyrannical
:
hereby
the
subtil
Jesuites
under
the
name
of
zealous
Protestants
,
pluckt
the
Protestant
Ministery
,
and
the
Protestant
Religion
,
and
the
Protestant
Magistracy
,
as
much
into
danger
on
the
other
hand
,
as
it
had
been
before
by
the
Popish
Prelatick
party
;
for
upon
a
true
bottom
did
the
Romish
Sophists
build
a
false
Argument
thus
.
The
Pope
is
Antichrist
(
that
's
true
)
the
Pope
made
Bishops
(
say
they
)
and
the
Bishops
made
Ministers
:
therefore
the
Ministers
now
were
set
down
for
Antichristian
Ministers
:
here
the
Devils
Cloven
foot
appeared
,
and
mark
what
progress
and
advantage
they
made
of
this
:
The
next
consequence
was
:
If
Ministers
be
Antichristian
,
then
the
Ordinances
they
administer
are
Antich
.
Baptisme
is
Antich
.
singing
Psalms
,
observing
the
Lords
day
,
meeting
in
Churches
,
all
this
was
Antichristian
:
so
that
the
Pope
set
up
two
designes
for
the
miscarriage
of
that
of
Scotland
;
for
what
with
the
Parl
:
just
and
strict
proceedings
against
the
Popish
party
about
the
Court
,
and
what
with
their
prevalency
at
Court
with
the
Queen
and
the
King
;
designes
by
the
Court
factions
were
on
foot
,
to
bring
the
Northern
Army
against
the
Parl
:
to
over-awe
them
;
as
appears
in
the
preamble
of
their
Protestation
,
made
May
5.
1641.
Thus
,
whereas
the
designes
of
Priests
,
Jesuites
,
and
other
adherents
to
the
See
of
Rome
,
have
of
late
been
more
frequently
and
boldly
put
in
practice
then
formerly
,
to
the
undermining
and
danger
of
the
ruine
of
the
true
reformed
Protestant
Religion
,
and
the
subversion
of
the
fundamental
Laws
of
England
and
Ireland
,
by
wicked
plots
and
conspiracies
,
and
breach
of
Parliaments
;
whereby
the
Kings
Maj.
person
is
indangered
,
and
an
Army
intended
to
be
brought
up
against
the
Parl
:
to
force
them
to
condescend
to
the
lusts
of
a
Popish
party
:
Hereupon
the
first
Protestation
was
framed
,
and
sent
throughout
the
Kingdom
,
no body
refusing
to
subscribe
it
except
Jesuitish
Separatists
.
J.
A.
B.
do
in
the
presence
of
Almighty
God
,
promise
,
vow
and
protest
,
to
maintain
and
defend
as
far
as
lawfully
I
may
,
&c.
Soon
after
this
,
the
breach
between
the
King
and
the
Parl.
fell
out
,
the
King
giving
too
much
ear
to
evil
Councel
,
and
that
Popish
faction
which
was
the
ground
of
all
the
former
persecution
and
the
civil
War
:
the
King
raised
an
Army
to
defend
himself
and
the
Protestant
Religion
,
the
Parl
:
did
the
like
upon
the
same
grounds
,
which
at
that
time
was
doubtless
real
;
their
end
propounded
was
to
defend
Religion
,
Law
,
the
Kings
Maj.
Person
,
the
Parl.
priviledges
,
and
the
Peoples
Liberties
.
The
Parl
:
cause
seemed
the
best
in
most
Protestants
eyes
at
that
time
,
in
regard
the
Courts
designs
were
long
before
discovered
to
the
Parl
:
The
Queens
departure
with
the
Crown-Jewels
into
Holland
,
and
the
numerous
flocks
of
Papists
going
to
the
King
,
with
all
the
corrupt
part
and
guilty
persons
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
made
haste
to
the
King
after
his
departure
,
made
the
Protestants
afraid
what
would
become
of
Religion
,
Parliament
,
and
the
Kings
person
,
should
that
party
about
him
have
prevailed
:
however
they
professed
the
Protestant
Religion
,
though
many
of
them
convicted
Papists
.
Hereupon
the
Lords
and
Commons
made
a
second
Vow
and
Covenant
with
this
preamble
,
Whereas
the
Lords
and
Commons
now
assembled
in
Parl
:
have
declared
that
there
hath
been
and
now
is
a
Popish
and
Traiterus
plot
,
for
the
subversion
of
the
true
Protestant
Reformed
Religion
,
and
the
liberty
of
the
subject
&c.
And
after
all
this
still
perceiving
the
Popish
party
to
increase
,
grow
great
,
victorious
,
bloudy
and
blasphemous
;
the
Lords
and
Commons
professing
to
the
World
,
that
they
had
nothing
before
their
eyes
but
the
glory
of
God
,
the
advancement
of
Christs
Kingdom
,
and
the
happiness
of
the
King
and
his
Posterity
,
with
the
true
publique
liberty
,
safety
,
and
peace
of
the
Kingdom
against
the
plots
of
the
enemies
,
they
entred
into
the
solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
containing
6.
Articles
,
which
every
Parl.
man
publickly
and
solemnly
at
the
Chappel
of
St
,
Margaret
Westminster
,
(
with
his
hand
lifted
up
to
Heaven
,
in
the
sight
of
the
Scots
Commissioners
,
and
the
whole
Congregation
)
did
subscribe
.
1.
That
we
will
sincerely
,
really
,
and
constantly
through
the
grace
of
God
,
indeavour
in
our
several
places
and
callings
the
preservation
of
the
reformed
Religion
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
,
in
Doctrine
,
Worship
,
Discipline
and
Government
,
against
our
common
enemies
;
the
reformation
of
Religion
in
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Ireland
in
Doctrine
,
&c.
2.
That
we
will
in
like
manner
without
respect
of
persons
,
endeavour
the
extirpation
of
Popery
,
Prelacy
,
Superstition
,
Heresie
,
Schisme
,
Prophaneness
,
&c.
3.
With
the
same
reality
,
sincerity
and
constancy
in
our
several
places
and
Callings
,
indeavour
with
our
Estates
and
Lives
,
mutually
to
preserve
the
Rights
and
Priviledges
of
Parl
:
and
the
liberties
of
the
Kingdoms
;
and
to
preserve
and
defend
the
Kings
Majesties
Person
and
Authority
,
in
the
preservation
and
defence
of
the
true
Religion
and
Liberties
of
the
Kingdom
;
that
the
World
may
bear
witness
with
our
Consciences
of
our
loyalty
,
and
that
we
have
no
thoughts
or
intentions
,
to
diminish
his
Majesties
just
power
and
greatness
.
4.
We
shall
also
with
all
faithfulness
endeavour
the
discovery
of
all
such
as
have
been
or
shall
be
incendiaries
or
Malignants
,
&c.
5.
And
whereas
the
happiness
of
a
blessed
peace
between
the
Kingdoms
,
formerly
denyedt
our
progenitors
,
&c.
6.
We
shall
also
according
to
our
places
,
&c.
This
solemn
League
and
Covenant
being
entred
into
by
both
Nations
of
England
and
Scotland
,
made
the
deepest
and
strongest
Politicians
of
the
Roman
faction
to
tremble
,
yea
(
as
Mr.
Hinderson
,
the
Reverend
and
Learned
Minister
of
Scotland
,
then
Commissioner
,
well
foretold
)
the
news
of
this
Covenant
,
(
which
was
soon
carried
to
Rome
,
with
the
names
of
all
the
Subscribers
)
made
the
Pope
and
his
Conclave
of
Cardinals
amazed
and
tremble
;
insomuch
,
that
they
doubled
their
diligence
to
work
the
destruction
of
the
Covenanteers
at
this
time
.
The
Duke
of
Lorane
was
solicited
by
Sir
Kelem
Digbies
meanes
,
who
was
then
the
Queens
Agent
for
the
English
Affairs
at
Rome
,
to
help
the
King
of
England
with
an
Army
against
the
Covenanters
in
England
.
Sir
Kelenem
Digby
was
the
Popes
right
hand
to
promote
and
further
all
designs
against
the
Covenanters
party
in
England
.
At
the
same
time
a
Nuncio
was
forthwith
sent
from
the
Popes
Court
into
Ireland
,
there
to
make
a
Cessation
with
the
Protestants
,
and
to
further
by
all
means
possible
the
King
of
England
against
the
Covenanters
,
which
was
concluded
with
the
Popes
good
liking
,
as
hath
been
confessed
.
The
old
and
sage
Statesmen
in
Parl
:
perceiving
the
designes
of
the
Pope
to
drive
furiously
on
towards
the
destruction
of
the
Parl
:
and
Covenanters
,
called
in
the
Scots
to
their
aid
against
the
Popes
designes
.
The
English
A●my
and
Scots
Army
admitting
no
Officers
or
Souldiers
in
their
Armies
,
but
such
as
took
the
Covenant
:
the
Covenanters
(
through
Gods
providence
)
beyond
all
expectation
prospered
in
the
field
against
their
enemies
;
and
the
Parl
:
and
Assembly
of
Divines
prospered
at
Westminster
,
and
went
on
successively
,
both
of
them
being
unanimous
in
the
pulling
down
of
Popery
and
Tyranny
,
and
establishing
and
maintaining
the
liberties
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
Laws
of
the
Realm
,
and
true
Religion
in
Doctrine
,
Discipline
and
Government
;
for
this
purpose
the
Assembly
of
Divines
first
went
over
the
Articles
of
faith
,
drew
them
up
after
most
deliberate
,
serious
,
and
learned
debates
upon
each
of
them
,
and
humbly
presented
them
to
the
Parl
:
under
33.
heads
.
1.
of
the
Scripture
,
2.
of
Gods
Covenant
,
and
the
holy
Trinity
,
3.
of
Gods
decrees
,
4.
of
Creation
,
5.
of
Providence
,
6.
of
mans
fall
and
sin
,
7.
of
Gods
Covenant
with
man
,
8.
of
Christ
the
Mediator
,
9.
of
free
will
,
10.
of
effectual
Calling
,
11.
of
Justification
,
12.
Adoption
,
13.
Sanctific●tion
,
14.
saving
faith
,
15.
Repentance
,
16.
good
works
,
17.
of
perseverance
,
18.
of
assurance
of
grace
,
19.
of
the
Law
of
God
,
20.
Christian
liberty
&
liberty
of
Conscience
,
21.
of
religious
worship
and
the
Lords
day
,
22.
of
lawful
Oaths
,
23.
of
the
civil
Magistrate
,
24.
of
marriage
and
divorce
,
25.
of
the
Church
,
26.
of
Communion
of
Saints
,
27.
of
the
Sacraments
,
28.
of
Baptisme
,
29.
of
the
Lords
Supper
,
30.
of
Church-censures
,
31.
of
Synods
and
Councels
,
32.
of
the
Resurrection
,
33.
of
the
last
judgement
.
Then
they
regularly
proceeded
to
settle
Church-Government
,
first
proving
Presbytery
to
be
the
Government
which
is
most
like
to
the
primitive
Government
,
and
coming
nearest
of
all
other
Governments
to
Gods
word
;
next
they
drew
up
a
Directory
for
Church-Government
,
with
an
Orthodox
,
learned
,
and
pious
Catechisme
;
and
thus
the
Covenanters
Magistracy
and
Ministry
went
on
and
prospered
until
they
threw
down
their
open
enemies
in
the
field
,
and
were
in
great
hopes
of
setling
the
Protestant
Religion
in
purity
,
and
extirpating
Popery
out
of
the
3.
Kingdoms
:
at
this
time
the
Popes
Politicians
were
got
into
the
Parl
:
Army
,
under
the
name
of
Independents
,
from
which
the
King
fled
to
the
Scots
.
The
King
being
fallen
into
the
Covenanters
hands
,
viz.
the
Scottish
Army
,
the
Parl
:
made
speedy
and
seasonable
applications
to
him
at
Newcastle
,
offering
to
him
Articles
of
agreement
,
which
news
was
forthwith
carried
to
Rome
;
whereupon
the
Pope
and
the
Conclave
of
Rome
were
inforced
to
look
about
,
and
change
their
designes
,
projecting
new
wayes
by
contrary
proceedings
to
effect
one
and
the
same
end
;
for
whereas
they
had
given
order
to
the
Catholiques
in
Ireland
before
to
yield
all
assistance
to
the
King
against
the
Parl
Seeing
now
the
King
was
under
the
Parl
:
power
,
least
he
and
his
Parl
:
should
agree
,
and
so
England
and
Ireland
be
lost
,
the
Pope
played
aforehand
game
,
sending
his
Army
into
Ireland
,
commanding
at
this
time
all
the
Cathol
quests
renounce
their
allegiance
to
the
King
of
England
,
and
from
that
day
forward
the
Pope
,
and
all
the
Romish
Politicians
projected
how
to
destroy
both
King
and
Parl
:
and
destroy
the
Reformation
by
the
Covenanters
,
so
far
carried
on
both
in
England
and
Scotland
.
The
task
was
hard
at
first
view
;
to
destroy
a
Religious
Parliament
,
a
victorious
Army
,
and
an
able
,
pious
,
and
zealous
Clergy
,
was
no
small
piece
of
work
.
The
Romish
politicions
therefore
were
inforced
to
fly
to
their
last
refuge
of
Hypocrisie
and
lies
,
and
like
Euphrates
Frog
,
to
change
both
shape
and
colour
,
using
the
violent
motion
of
Frogs
from
one
extream
to
another
,
from
the
extream
of
Tyranny
,
to
the
extream
of
Anarchy
;
from
the
extream
of
holy
Orders
to
the
extream
of
no
ordination
.
In
plain
tearms
the
Pope
and
his
Counsel
perceiving
there
was
no
probable
way
to
get
a
Toleration
for
Catholicks
in
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
if
the
King
,
Lords
and
Commons
agreed
;
consulted
how
to
throw
down
King
,
Lord
and
Commons
,
and
Assembly
of
Divines
,
together
with
the
Protestant
Ministery
.
That
the
chief
Engines
to
effect
this
might
be
placed
here
in
England
,
and
have
sure
footing
free
from
the
power
of
the
Magistrates
corrective
and
coercive
power
;
Independency
was
set
up
which
five
valiant
Champions
of
the
Popes
had
defended
in
the
Assembly
as
long
as
they
could
;
and
being
there
able
to
stand
against
truth
no
longer
,
like
Serpents
hissed
for
all
the
viperous
brood
of
Sectarious
blasphemers
,
or
any
Sect
to
creep
into
their
bellies
.
Hereby
Independencie
that
bottomlesse
pit
,
and
Independent
congregations
,
(
the
very
plot
designed
to
destroy
Religion
in
the
Nethetlands
by
the
Pope
,
first
enacted
there
by
Hugh
Peters
the
Popes
hyerling
)
became
as
so
many
nurceries
of
Jesuite
:
and
Popish
Priests
,
and
so
many
dens
of
Theeves
;
where
they
framed
all
their
picklocks
opinions
and
devilish
destructive
instruments
to
ruin
the
Magistracy
and
the
Ministery
.
For
the
propagating
and
facilitating
of
this
design
,
the
chief
of
the
Romish
Politicians
in
Europe
were
sent
to
England
,
where
they
all
went
under
the
name
of
dissenting
brethren
,
Independents
,
tender
consciens-men
,
and
great
Enemies
to
Antichrist
,
crying
,
down
with
Antichrist
,
calling
the
Pope
Anti-Christ
;
not
that
they
thought
so
but
that
they
might
hereby
carry
an
their
design
of
throwing
down
the
protestant
Ministery
undiscovered
for
this
to
this
day
is
their
great
and
chief
argument
The
Pope
is
Anti-christ
(
that
's
true
Antichrist
making
Bishops
,
Bishops
are
Antichristian
,
(
that
in
some
sortis
true
also
)
Antichristian
Bishops
making
and
ordaining
Ministers
,
Ministers
of
England
,
are
Antichristians
.
Ergo
down
with
the
Ministery
of
England
,
down
with
these
black-coats
,
down
with
Baals
Priests
,
down
with
them
,
there
is
the
design
,
and
there
is
the
end
of
all
.
They
onely
use
the
Argument
to
put
in
practice
the
conclusion
;
they
that
presse
the
Argument
,
and
first
framed
it
,
were
far
from
thinking
the
Pope
to
be
Antichrist
,
or
Prelatical
Bishop
,
eithe
;
onely
it
was
framed
to
destroy
the
Covenanteeres
Ministery
,
who
abhor
the
Pope
,
and
long
since
renounced
him
and
his
adherents
.
If
it
be
well
observed
,
Indepency
was
but
the
wooden
horse
with
a
thousand
Heresies
in
his
belly
,
brought
into
the
Kingdom
of
England
by
the
Romish
Politicians
,
and
let
forth
as
so
many
furies
to
sly
in
the
face
of
the
reformed
Religion
.
For
he
that
views
the
Heresies
of
late
sprung
up
amongst
us
,
cannot
but
see
that
against
every
one
of
the
Assemblies
,
33.
Articles
they
raised
contrary
Heresies
;
and
could
the
silly
English
Sectarians
of
their
own
heads
without
the
help
of
Jesuits
and
Romish
Casuists
do
all
this
?
't
is
folly
to
think
it
.
The
late
Heretical
Arguments
are
taken
out
of
Cas●sts
;
how
subtilly
did
they
devise
liberty
of
conscience
meerly
to
get
free
from
the
Magistrate
,
and
how
vehemently
did
they
preach
peace
,
for
love
,
and
meeknesse
,
and
admonishing
on
,
e
another
in
love
,
and
being
tender
of
giving
offence
to
tender
cousciences
;
whereas
we
plainly
see
they
had
war
and
murther
and
malice
in
their
hearts
,
onely
thereby
they
Iull'd
asleep
secure
and
bleer-eyed
Protestants
who
suffered
these
cheates
to
pick
their
pockets
,
while
they
heard
them
cry
Gentlemen
look
to
your
purses
;
they
cried
out
beware
of
Antichrist
,
who
brough
him
in
,
&
be
good
to
tender
consciences
while
they
carried
under
their
sheeps
cloathing
the
wolves
teeth
to
wound
tender
consciences
withall
.
To
tell
how
these
subtilly
crept
into
the
Army
,
who
nourished
and
upheld
them
there
would
be
too
tedious
.
Our
end
i●
,
to
shew
that
the
setting
up
of
Indepency
was
the
Popes
design
to
throw
down
the
Covenanting
party
in
England
,
and
those
that
opposed
the
Popish
Religion
.
Out
of
this
bottomlesse
pit
came
all
that
party
which
first
taught
Rebellion
against
the
higher
powers
,
from
the
dens
of
Independensie
arose
that
party
that
lest
off
the
Covenant
,
professed
open
hatred
to
it
and
them
that
took
it
with
an
intent
to
keep
it
.
That
party
that
raised
those
Heresies
against
the
true
Religion
,
having
now
got
power
put
them
in
practice
against
true
Religion
They
that
held
the
opinion
of
being
free
from
Magistracie
under
the
Gospel
,
now
made
themselves
free
.
They
that
held
Magistrates
Tyran's
,
●ow
having
got
power
used
them
as
Tyrants
;
these
guifted
brethren
wete
now
high
in
the
Army
.
The
chief
men
that
were
aimed
,
at
were
those
that
stood
most
stoutly
to
their
Covena●t
The
chief
Protestants
both
in
the
House
of
Lords
,
the
House
of
Common
,
and
in
the
C●●●
of
London
,
were
the
men
shot
at
,
impeached
,
imprisoned
,
persecuted
,
banished
,
and
some
(
't
is
to
be
feared
)
poisoned
.
This
party
laid
hold
of
the
King
,
imprisoned
him
,
and
when
the
two
Houses
of
Lords
and
Commons
sate
freely
,
and
voted
a
Treaty
with
the
King
,
and
when
the
King
had
agreed
to
extirpate
Popery
,
and
establish
the
Protestant
Religion
in
his
three
Kingdoms
,
and
to
fettle
Church-Government
according
to
the
primitive
constitution
;
and
when
upon
a
free
and
serious
debate
the
Lords
and
Commons
voted
the
concessions
of
the
King
to
be
a
ground
for
them
to
proceed
upon
to
settle
the
peace
of
the
Kingdom
,
then
,
even
then
,
this
party
against
the
Votes
of
the
Supream
Authority
of
this
Nation
,
and
against
their
allegiance
violently
rushed
in
upon
the
houses
pulled
out
and
restrained
one
hundred
and
fifty
,
imprisoned
the
chief
Protestants
,
and
ablest
States-men
who
were
most
violent
against
the
Papists
.
and
left
only
a
party
remaining
in
the
lower
House
,
such
as
themselves
best
liked
of
;
this
party
seized
on
the
King
,
caused
him
to
be
publiquely
arraigned
,
and
at
his
own
door
at
Noon
in
the
view
of
all
the
people
cut
off
his
Head
,
who
was
then
the
only
Protestant
King
in
the
world
,
and
only
because
he
resolved
to
root
out
Popery
,
and
establish
true
Religion
according
to
the
Covenant
.
Since
which
time
the
same
party
having
rid
their
hands
of
the
Protestant
Magistracy
,
have
oft
printed
Books
against
the
Calling
of
the
English
Ministry
,
which
Books
have
been
printed
by
Authority
,
licensed
,
and
frequently
taught
and
scattered
amongst
the
people
.
And
they
have
again
and
again
petitioned
that
Power
which
they
set
up
,
if
not
to
pull
down
Ministry
,
States
Preachers
(
as
they
call
them
)
to
take
away
their
Estates
,
their
Tythes
and
Livings
,
by
which
they
and
their
families
subsist
;
and
how
far
they
have
proceeded
in
England
and
Wales
to
ruine
the
Covenanters
Ministry
,
all
the
world
may
see
.
But
the
chief
Politicians
amongst
them
conceiving
that
Design
to
be
too
short
to
reach
all
the
Protestant
Ministry
,
as
the
Heads
of
Colledges
,
and
such
men
,
and
being
well
assured
by
taking
away
Tythes
they
shall
prejudice
their
own
party
equal
with
others
,
have
pitched
upon
a
more
Politick
Design
for
the
extirpation
of
the
Covenanters
,
which
is
by
framing
a
contrary
Oath
to
the
Covenant
,
and
imposing
it
upon
the
Ministry
;
hereby
their
own
party
escape
the
snare
,
and
only
the
Godly
,
Faithful
,
Loyal
and
Orthodox
Ministers
are
taken
;
they
have
taken
their
Tythes
from
them
,
silenced
some
,
thrust
out
of
their
Livings
many
,
banished
others
,
imprisoned
o●hers
,
outlawed
all
the
Covenanters
;
and
lastly
,
have
resolved
to
turn
them
this
Winter
out
of
all
Cities
,
Towns
and
Corporations
.
Thus
far
have
they
proceeded
by
this
Popish
Engine
to
destroy
the
Protestants
.
This
New
Oath
(
so
far
as
we
can
perceive
)
is
a
meer
Design
to
destroy
the
Parliament
,
to
destroy
the
Army
,
to
destroy
the
Ministery
and
the
Kingdome
.
1.
Mr.
Lilburn
seemeth
rationally
to
prove
that
this
new
oath
or
ingagement
cannot
be
intended
to
uphold
the
present
power
that
inforceth
the
taking
of
it
,
but
to
maintain
the
Liberties
of
the
Common-wealth
,
whose
just
Liberties
and
Ancient
customes
they
confound
,
and
therefore
by
that
ingagement
men
(
say
that
party
justly
)
are
bound
not
to
establish
but
to
pull
down
any
usurped
power
over
the
people
.
2
,
If
Mr
Lilburn
who
is
a
man
very
popular
in
the
Kingdome
,
having
alwayes
been
a
publick
sufferer
,
should
(
as
he
conceives
himself
bound
by
that
Engagement
)
gather
of
Gentlemen
Souldiers
and
other
Commoners
and
free-born
People
of
England
,
a
considerable
Party
to
remove
those
out
of
the
way
,
whom
he
and
his
party
conceive
are
Tyrannical
,
and
Opposers
of
the
People
,
and
in
their
stead
erect
another
Party
,
who
are
the
true
chosen
Representatives
of
the
People
;
whether
he
may
not
justly
tax
all
the
Engagers
that
resist
him
,
as
Covenant-breakers
,
and
proceed
against
them
accordingly
;
and
so
consequently
whether
this
doth
not
open
a
gap
,
and
a
wide
one
,
to
set
up
whom
the
People
shall
choose
above
the
present
House
sitting
and
Engagement
;
to
be
Assistants
in
such
Parliament
confounding
Acts
,
as
't
is
declared
:
2.
As
it
is
destructive
to
the
Parliament
,
so
likewise
to
the
Army
;
For
saith
one
part
of
the
Army
,
The
present
Government
is
by
Representatives
of
the
peoples
choosing
.
Saith
another
part
,
The
present
Government
is
by
that
Party
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
who
invited
us
to
the
City
to
pull
down
the
King
,
Lords
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Commons
,
and
by
our
Power
enabled
to
make
Acts
,
and
enforce
the
Kingdom
to
obey
them
.
Saith
another
part
of
the
Army
,
The
present
Government
is
the
Councel
of
State
,
and
the
Councel
of
War
,
for
that
party
in
the
House
were
not
of
our
setting
up
,
only
we
suffured
them
to
sit
there
,
and
the
Councel
of
war
commanded
them
to
act
what
they
did
;
therefore
the
Councel
of
War
,
with
the
Councel
of
State
,
erected
by
us
;
are
the
present
Government
.
Whether
all
these
several
Parties
(
especially
if
there
should
be
clashing
betwixt
them
)
may
not
by
this
Engagement
conceive
themselves
in
Conscience
bound
to
maintain
their
several
Parties
as
the
present
Government
without
King
or
Lords
?
And
thus
't
is
likely
to
prove
destructive
to
the
Army
.
3.
'T
is
absolutely
destructive
to
the
Protestant
Ministry
,
and
the
sound
Protestants
of
the
Kingdom
;
For
it
makes
them
in
the
sight
of
all
the
people
in
the
world
guilty
of
the
horrible
and
Jesuitical
Designs
and
Practises
of
the
cutting
off
of
the
King
,
the
throwing
down
of
the
House
of
Lords
,
and
excluding
of
the
Covenant
keeping
Protestants
;
for
by
subscribing
that
Engagement
,
they
testifie
to
God
and
the
world
,
that
they
approve
of
all
that
they
have
done
,
(
as
they
say
.
)
2.
They
make
themselves
guilty
of
horrible
Perjury
;
for
they
did
swear
Allegiance
to
the
King
,
his
Heirs
and
Successors
,
to
defend
them
against
all
Attemps
and
Conspiracies
whatsoever
;
Now
this
is
directly
to
conspire
the
extirpation
of
the
Kings
Posterity
.
2.
The
Protestation
is
against
it
.
3.
Their
Covenant
directly
opposeth
the
Engagement
;
For
therein
they
engaged
to
maintain
the
King
,
Lords
and
Commons
;
and
in
this
Engagement
they
engage
to
they
know
not
what
,
without
King
and
Lords
:
So
that
if
they
engage
,
they
in
their
Consciences
pull
the
guilt
of
Murther
,
Treason
,
and
other
foul
Facts
upon
their
head●
,
and
forswear
themselves
;
Or
if
they
do
not
engage
,
they
are
it
seems
to
be
stripe
of
their
Estates
,
protection
of
the
Law
,
and
lies
at
the
mercy
of
every
Villain
.
So
that
't
is
absolutely
destructive
to
the
Ministry
,
and
the
like
may
be
said
of
the
Protestants
of
the
Kingdom
.
Oaths
(
say
the
Caseists
,
and
all
other
Divines
)
ought
to
be
plain
and
clear
,
without
equivocal
terms
or
doubtful
expression
;
For
every
Oath
or
Engagement
is
given
and
taken
,
to
oblige
the
party
that
takes
it
to
the
performance
of
what
he
swore
unto
.
Now
every
wise
man
in
taking
an
Oath
proposeth
first
these
two
things
.
1.
Who
imposeth
it
.
2.
What
it
is
that
is
imposed
.
For
that
's
certain
,
an
unlawful
or
usurped
Power
cannot
impose
an
Oath
;
it
is
lawful
Authority
must
impose
it
,
otherwise
the
Oath
(
though
good
)
may
justly
be
refused
,
As
the
Gun-powder
Traytors
,
had
their
Design
taken
effect
,
they
had
got
into
the
Throne
,
and
imposed
an
Oath
(
though
lawful
in
it self
)
upon
the
Barons
,
Knights
,
Citizens
,
Gentry
,
and
Commons
of
England
,
yet
it
would
doubtless
and
ought
to
be
rejected
by
them
,
because
the
Authority
was
imposed
which
usurped
it
.
This
must
needs
be
so
,
for
otherwise
a
Master
,
if
over-powered
by
his
servants
,
is
bound
to
take
and
submit
to
such
an
Oath
as
his
servant
shall
impose
,
which
would
soon
set
Beggers
on
horse-back
,
and
make
all
men
of
Honor
and
Wealth
perpetual
slaves
;
but
greater
confusion
then
this
there
can
not
be
in
Hell
,
for
't
is
Confusion
bottomless
and
unfadomable
.
2.
What
it
is
that
is
imposed
?
that
must
be
inquired
into
,
for
no
man
of
conscience
or
honour
,
or
the
least
degree
of
wit
,
but
will
inquire
what
it
is
that
he
takes
before
he
take
it
,
he
will
not
take
it
first
and
enquire
afterwards
what
it
means
,
that
's
forbidden
by
Solomon
.
Now
that
men
may
understand
what
they
ingage
or
swear
unto
,
the
words
ought
to
be
simple
,
cleer
,
and
plain
,
that
men
may
understand
them
;
For
juramentum
obligat
lecundum
intentionem
jurantis
sine
d●●●
alias
secundum
secundarium
intellectum
ejus
cui
juratur
,
saith
Aquinas
.
Now
if
there
be
Amphibolas
,
equivocal
terms
and
obscurities
in
an
Oath
,
how
can
it
possibly
be
but
there
must
be
errors
either
in
him
that
gives
it
,
or
he
that
takes
it
,
or
both
.
As
for
this
Engagement
indeed
it
is
politiquely
gilded
like
a
poysoned
Pill
,
with
as
much
subtilty
and
craft
to
induce
people
to
take
it
as
may
be
,
for
they
call
it
An
Engagement
,
not
an
Oath
,
for
then
they
supposed
people
would
scruple
it
,
but
it
is
only
subscribing
to
two
or
three
words
,
and
there
's
an
end
;
this
is
no
great
matter
with
Atheists
,
Apostates
,
Schismaticks
,
Lovers
of
the
World
,
and
Haters
of
God
and
Goodness
;
but
they
that
are
wise
,
sober-minded
,
and
conscientious
▪
As
they
two
well
know
what
Authority
imposeth
it
,
so
they
cannot
possibly
see
what
is
inintended
in
it
,
nor
what
to
make
of
it
.
He
that
seriously
views
it
,
will
positively
conclude
,
there
was
never
such
a
little
big-belly'd
viporous
Monster
seen
in
the
world
before
,
to
have
so
many
Engines
within
so
small
a
compass
,
to
teer
in
pieces
all
parties
that
engage
in
it
.
We
'l
spread
it
to
the
eye
of
the
world
.
I.
A.
B.
do
promise
and
declare
that
I
will
be
true
and
faithful
to
the
Commonwealth
of
England
as
it
is
now
established
,
without
a
King
and
House
of
Lords
.
Within
this
little
Circumference
of
words
there
are
no
less
then
two
and
twenty
Doubts
to
be
resolved
,
and
necessary
Queries
to
be
answered
,
before
this
.
Engagement
can
be
taken
by
any
man
of
Honour
or
Conscience
,
Viz.
1
Quere
.
What
is
the
meaning
of
the
word
[
Common-wealth
?
]
Whether
is
it
meant
in
the
primary
proper
sence
,
for
the
Body
of
the
Nation
,
or
for
the
common
good
of
that
Body
?
Or
whether
in
the
secundary
borrowed
sence
,
for
the
Body
of
the
Representative
?
2.
Whether
(
if
it
be
meant
in
the
latter
sence
)
by
Common-wealth
be
meant
a
Parliament
,
or
a
House
of
Commons
,
chosen
as
formerly
?
or
by
any
other
way
,
and
how
?
Or
whether
the
thing
be
changed
with
the
name
?
3.
Whether
it
be
only
an
exclusive
Engagement
,
as
being
against
King
and
Lords
,
without
including
any
Government
in
their
stead
to
which
we
engage
?
4.
Is
the
meaning
,
that
we
shall
be
true
and
faithful
to
the
Common-wealth
whiles
King
and
Lords
are
excluded
?
Or
that
we
shall
endeavor
also
to
continue
their
exclusion
?
And
so
whether
he
that
endeavoreth
their
restoring
,
or
he
that
hinders
it
not
,
do
break
the
Engagement
,
though
he
be
faithful
to
the
Commonwealth
while
they
are
absent
?
5.
If
the
present
Government
should
be
overthrown
,
and
King
and
Lords
set
vp
,
whether
doth
he
break
this
Engagement
who
shall
be
faithful
to
them
,
or
that
shall
swear
or
engage
for
them
against
the
present
Government
?
6.
If
by
Commonwealth
be
meant
the
present
Government
(
as
the
words
[
Now
Established
]
would
make
us
think
it
is
)
then
what
is
it
that
is
established
?
whether
an
intire
House
of
Commons
,
or
not
intire
?
whether
only
the
present
House
,
or
all
future
,
or
any
future
?
Whether
this
House
to
be
perpetuated
?
or
if
not
,
whether
to
continue
till
they
voluntarily
dissolve
,
which
we
know
not
whether
it
will
be
perpetuated
or
not
,
and
consequently
,
whether
we
engage
to
any
succeeding
Parliament
or
not
?
Or
if
they
dissolve
,
whether
the
next
must
be
annual
or
triennial
,
or
of
duration
of
their
own
pleasure
as
this
?
or
whether
chosen
as
formerly
?
or
how
?
7.
Whether
the
meaning
of
the
word
(
As
)
be
to
engage
us
to
endeavor
that
all
future
Parliaments
shall
be
established
in
the
same
course
,
and
by
the
same
means
as
this
hath
been
?
8.
Whether
the
word
(
Now
)
have
reference
to
the
first
Calling
of
this
House
of
Commons
,
or
to
any
alteration
since
made
?
And
if
so
,
by
whom
?
and
when
?
and
by
what
Authority
was
that
change
made
?
9.
What
's
meant
by
(
true
and
faithful
,
)
whether
only
to
do
them
no
wrong
,
or
not
to
be
perfidious
?
or
else
to
obey
them
?
or
further
to
engage
and
hazard
our
estates
and
lives
on
their
behalf
,
or
how
far
?
10.
And
so
if
King
and
Lords
should
raise
an
Army
to
recover
their
Authority
,
whether
he
that
refuseth
to
fight
against
them
do
break
his
Engagement
?
11.
Seeing
the
people
are
judged
the
Supream
Power
(
as
it
is
acknowledged
by
the
present
House
)
do
they
hereby
engage
to
their
Representers
,
or
to
the
present
Authority
,
as
their
Supreriors
or
Rulers
?
and
so
give
away
their
Supremacy
?
or
is
it
so
natural
to
them
,
that
they
cannot
give
it
away
?
(
which
else
would
have
been
done
heretofore
;
)
Or
do
they
engage
to
them
only
as
their
Trustees
or
Servants
?
viz.
That
they
will
defend
them
in
the
work
that
they
set
them
about
?
12.
Whether
if
an
Army
,
or
any
powerful
Company
,
should
seize
on
the
present
House
of
Comons
,
or
the
greater
part
,
&
should
imprison
,
exclude
,
or
hang
them
up
at
Tybarn
,
are
the
people
bound
by
this
Engagement
to
rise
for
their
Defence
,
and
make
War
against
these
Invaders
?
13.
If
this
Parliament
or
any
hereafter
should
endeavor
to
perpetuate
themselves
,
and
so
prevent
our
having
any
more
free
Elections
,
whether
do
we
hereby
engage
to
be
true
to
them
;
or
if
we
endeavor
to
dissolve
them
,
do
we
break
this
Engagement
?
14.
Doth
this
Engagement
take
away
the
Power
of
the
next
Parliament
?
And
if
they
when
they
meet
and
sit
restore
King
and
Lords
,
which
now
are
thrown
down
,
do
they
break
this
Engagement
?
15.
If
this
next
Parliament
shall
so
re-establish
King
and
Lords
,
and
will
not
rule
without
them
,
must
we
resist
all
,
and
be
without
any
Government
?
or
must
we
endeavor
to
choose
a
new
Parliament
?
and
if
they
do
the
like
,
what
must
we
do
?
16.
If
the
present
House
shall
again
change
their
Judgments
,
and
set
up
King
and
Lords
,
or
require
us
to
swear
to
them
,
must
we
obey
or
resist
them
?
17.
If
this
Army
by
observing
that
there
is
no
Government
but
Monarchy
,
or
one
Insupremacy
in
all
the
Bible
mentioned
,
or
by
reading
that
(
For
the
sins
of
people
many
are
thy
Rulers
,
)
or
by
the
experience
of
new
divisions
and
parties
in
Parliament
,
breeding
distempers
in
Government
,
or
by
being
won
over
by
the
prevalency
or
flattery
of
some
one
single
person
,
whose
deserts
and
worth
they
conceive
is
such
,
as
they
resolve
to
make
him
sole
Governor
,
and
so
set
up
Monarchy
again
,
whether
we
are
bound
by
this
Engagement
to
resist
them
?
18.
Do
we
engage
to
the
present
Power
absolutely
or
conditionally
?
If
this
or
any
other
Representative
shall
Tyrannize
and
invade
the
peoples
Estates
,
or
take
away
propriety
(
which
are
things
that
cannot
be
authoritative
acts
,
because
the
people
having
no
such
power
themselves
,
cannot
give
it
to
others
,
seeing
there
is
no
power
but
what
's
derived
from
Gods
,
who
hath
given
none
to
do
evil
,
)
are
we
in
this
case
bound
to
continue
our
faithfulness
?
19.
If
the
people
shall
find
that
this
present
House
,
or
any
other
hereafter
,
hath
forfeited
their
Trust
,
or
been
guilty
of
the
fore mentioned
Crimes
,
may
they
not
recall
that
their
Trust
,
and
exclude
them
from
Government
?
20.
Or
if
any
of
us
be
members
of
the
Army
,
and
the
said
Army
shall
hereafter
judg
that
this
House
hath
been
so
guilty
,
and
shall
exclude
some
,
and
banish
others
,
and
behead
others
(
for
so
the
Powers
as
now
established
stand
)
and
so
we
understand
[
as
now
established
,
]
do
we
break
the
Engagement
if
we
joyn
with
the
Army
in
so
doing
,
or
should
we
resist
them
?
21.
If
this
minor
part
of
this
present
House
,
or
any
succeeding
,
shall
judg
that
the
whole
is
in
danger
by
a
corrupt
majority
,
and
(
having
strength
thereunto
)
shall
exclude
them
,
do
they
break
the
Engagement
or
we
,
if
we
further
them
in
it
?
22.
If
one
part
of
the
People
or
Army
shall
judg
that
this
or
any
future
Representative
hath
been
this
Trust
,
and
the
other
part
judg
otherwise
,
which
must
we
adhere
to
according
to
this
Engagement
?
When
the
Authors
of
this
Engagement
shall
clearly
and
fully
resolve
these
Doubts
,
and
give
national
and
satisfactory
Answer
to
these
Queries
,
they
will
in
great
measure
satisfie
the
Kingdom
,
at
leastwise
the
more
rational
part
of
them
,
and
much
more
dispose
them
to
engage
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
;
until
then
,
we
could
heartily
wish
that
Mr
Dury
,
and
such
vain
Bablers
(
who
most
grosly
abuse
and
misapply
Scripture
,
and
other
Moral
Rules
)
might
be
refrained
from
vometing
up
in
the
publique
view
such
indigested
Crudities
,
to
the
scandal
of
the
English
Nation
,
and
reproach
of
the
Protestants
throughout
the
world
.
We
do
profess
,
when
the
lawfulness
of
the
Authority
that
imposeth
it
shall
be
made
out
clear
to
us
,
and
our
Doubts
fully
resolved
,
with
the
manifesting
of
the
Iustice
,
Goodness
and
Necessity
of
this
Engagement
,
we
speak
it
seriously
and
unfeignedly
,
there
shall
none
more
willingly
nor
readily
then
our selves
subscribe
it
,
until
then
,
we
cannot
but
think
the
pressing
of
the
Engagement
,
and
the
punishing
the
Non-Subscribers
with
with
such
intollerable
punishments
,
as
the
exposing
their
Estates
and
persons
to
open
violence
,
such
on
enslaving
,
irrational
and
destructive
Act
against
the
Protestants
of
England
,
as
since
the
planting
of
the
Gospel
in
this
Kingdom
until
this
day
,
the
like
destructive
Act
can
scarce
be
found
,
It
enslaves
the
Souls
as
well
as
the
bodies
of
men
;
for
what
greater
snare
can
there
be
to
the
Conscience
,
then
to
be
inforced
to
engage
to
they
know
not
whom
?
2.
To
they
know
not
what
?
All
the
light
that
is
in
it
is
,
that
it
plainly
tells
a
man
that
subscribes
it
,
that
he
swears
point
blank
against
his
Oath
of
Allegiance
,
his
Protestation
and
his
Covenant
,
all
which
engage
him
to
maintain
King
and
Lords
▪
this
engageth
him
against
King
and
Lords
in
the
bare
words
.
Object
.
It
is
said
by
the
most
learned
of
the
Engagers
,
That
the
taking
of
this
Engagement
is
no
breach
of
the
Covenant
,
because
the
Covenant
obligeth
no
longer
then
there
is
a
possibility
of
keeping
it
;
but
King
and
Lords
being
taken
away
,
there
is
no
possibility
of
maintaining
that
that
is
not
.
Sol.
But
we
humbly
conceive
(
under
favor
)
that
this
Argument
is
no
way
satisfactory
;
For
though
it
be
granted
,
that
't
is
impossible
for
a
Covenanter
to
maintain
King
and
Lords
when
they
are
thrown
down
,
yet
't
is
not
impossible
for
him
in
his
calling
and
place
to
maintain
Kingly
Government
;
As
it
is
impossible
for
the
son
to
yield
actual
obedience
to
the
father
whom
Theeves
and
Robbers
have
murthered
,
yet
't
is
possible
for
that
son
to
express
his
fillial
affection
that
he
bore
to
his
father
,
and
his
real
intentions
of
preserving
his
father
,
by
exclaiming
against
the
Malefactors
,
and
using
all
lawful
means
to
bring
such
men
to
condign
punishment
,
and
utterly
shunning
all
compliance
with
them
.
Put
the
case
a
company
of
hired
servants
in
a
family
should
conspire
to
kill
the
Master
of
the
family
,
or
imprison
him
,
and
seize
on
the
wealth
and
estate
of
their
Master
,
divide
it
amongst
them
,
proclaim
themselves
Lords
and
Masters
of
the
family
,
command
the
children
to
yield
obedience
to
them
;
though
the
children
are
not
able
to
resist
them
,
nor
yield
that
obedidence
for
the
present
which
is
due
to
their
father
,
nor
the
wife
express
that
conjugal
love
,
by
reason
of
the
violent
restrant
and
separation
;
yet
it
is
possible
for
the
wife
to
abhor
the
company
,
and
disclaim
the
authority
of
those
servants
,
not
to
own
them
for
her
lord
,
nor
submit
unto
them
,
nor
be
confederate
with
them
,
though
she
cannot
for
the
present
enjoy
her
husband
;
and
so
for
the
children
,
though
they
cannot
possibly
love
as
their
father
,
yet
they
may
disclaim
the
power
that
abused
their
father
,
pray
for
his
restoring
,
and
abhor
compliance
with
that
party
,
that
so
presumptuously
and
wickedly
threw
down
their
father
;
This
they
may
do
,
and
are
bound
to
do
by
the
Law
of
Nature
,
as
children
to
a
father
;
and
to
do
the
contrary
,
as
to
be
confederate
with
those
that
destroyed
their
father
,
were
unnatural
wickedness
,
and
a
meer
Conspiracy
,
notwithstanding
their
father
were
not
then
in
being
.
Rex
pater
patriae
.
2
We
affirm
,
That
the
Kings
Title
is
now
on
foot
,
and
the
Lords
in
being
,
therefore
there
is
a
possibility
of
keeping
the
Covenant
now
.
Can
any
created
(
much
less
usurped
)
Power
free
us
from
our
Oath
,
which
we
made
to
maintain
King
,
Lords
and
Commons
,
Religion
,
Liberty
;
and
the
Peace
and
Union
of
the
Kingdom
?
and
never
to
be
drawn
directly
or
indirectly
by
any
Combination
,
Perswasion
or
Terror
to
be
divided
from
this
blessed
Union
and
Conjunction
,
whether
to
make
defection
to
the
conteary
part
,
or
give
our selves
to
a
detestable
nutrarity
or
indiffterency
,
but
all
the
days
of
our
lives
zealously
and
constantly
continue
therein
against
all
opposition
.
This
clause
of
the
Covenant
seems
to
be
made
purposely
against
the
Powers
now
in
Command
;
And
do
they
imagine
that
men
of
Conscience
or
Honour
will
so
foully
blur
their
Profession
and
Reputation
,
and
endanger
their
Souls
,
by
a
contrary
Subscription
?
Ashcam
tells
us
,
That
usurped
Powers
are
so
,
notwithstanding
theyout
and
succeed
another
generation
.
We
would
fain
know
,
whether
subscribing
this
Engagement
be
not
an
acknowledging
of
the
present
Power
sitting
to
be
the
Supream
Authority
of
the
Nation
?
and
consequently
in
so
doing
whether
we
do
not
approve
of
their
cutting
off
the
King
,
throwing
down
the
House
of
Lords
,
and
casting
out
all
the
Covenant-keeping
Commons
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Covenant
keeping
Officers
in
the
Kingdom
,
hereby
contracting
the
guilt
of
Blood
,
Treason
,
and
other
foul
Enormities
to
our selves
,
by
being
partaker
in
other
mens
sins
,
which
David
,
Psal.
1.
bids
us
neither
to
sit
with
,
nor
stand
with
,
nor
walk
with
,
not
to
have
the
least
communion
with
?
Object
.
But
is
objected
by
the
ablest
of
them
from
Rom.
13.
1
,
2.
That
that
the
Powers
that
be
are
to
be
obeyed
,
let
them
be
what
they
will
be
,
if
they
are
in
being
they
are
to
be
obeyed
,
because
they
are
the
Ordinance
of
God
.
Ans.
The
Apostle
layeth
this
Command
upon
Subjects
,
not
to
rebel
against
the
visible
Supream
Authority
,
this
the
Engagers
hold
to
be
the
sence
of
the
Apostle
if
so
,
then
hence
we
draw
this
Argument
,
Whatsoever
subiects
shal
Rebel
against
a
visible
supream
Authority
,
they
resist
the
Ordinance
of
God
.
But
an
Army
and
other
subiects
in
contradicting
the
Votes
of
the
two
Houses
,
cutting
off
the
King
and
pulling
down
the
house
of
Lords
Rebel
against
the
Supream
Authoritie
,
Ergo
.
Here
is
an
Argument
ad
hominem
,
so
that
the
Apostle
seems
to
tell
us
that
usurping
powers
are
not
the
Ordinance
of
God
,
but
the
resisters
of
the
Ordinance
of
God
;
and
therefore
by
their
own
Arguments
the
present
power
is
rather
to
be
dealt
with
as
resisters
of
the
visible
Supream
Authority
then
obeyed
or
acknowledged
for
Supream
.
As
for
that
of
Christs
acknowledging
Caesar
,
't
is
well
known
the
Case
is
far
different
from
ours
,
for
the
Roman
Emperors
had
conquered
Iudea
many
years
before
,
and
the
whole
Nation
became
Tributary
to
the
Romans
,
the
Supream
Authority
of
the
Iews
acknowledged
Caesar
to
be
their
King
,
We
have
no
King
but
Caesar
,
and
they
had
for
a
certain
Tribute
compounded
with
Caesar
,
which
Tribute
money
Christ
forbids
them
not
,
but
commands
them
to
pay
▪
if
the
Iews
will
Covenant
with
Caesar
Christ
bids
them
not
break
Covenant
with
Caesar
,
and
this
is
all
,
and
how
far
is
this
from
our
Case
?
Iesus
Christ
is
a
great
enemy
to
usurpation
and
so
much
abhors
that
Christians
should
subject
unto
it
,
especially
under
the
Gospel
,
that
he
cals
it
Devil
worship
,
Revel
,
13.
4.
Subjecting
to
a
Tyrannicall
Government
is
called
the
worshiping
of
the
Devil
;
Verse
1
,
2.
the
beast
arising
out
of
the
Sea
,
(
i.
e.
)
the
Ecclesiastical
State
;
meaning
the
Pope
,
the
great
Independant
or
the
world
;
(
verse
2.
)
to
whom
the
Devil
,
the
Dragon
,
gave
his
seat
and
power
,
and
great
authority
,
The
Dragons
seat
(
before
Constantine
)
was
the
Emperial
Throne
seated
at
Rome
,
this
the
Devil
gave
the
Pope
;
and
why
is
it
said
the
Devil
gave
him
his
power
and
seat
,
but
because
he
got
it
in
the
Devils
way
?
by
lying
,
Covenant-breaking
,
Rebellion
against
their
Leige
Masters
the
Emperors
,
and
his
murthering
and
dethroning
of
them
,
and
usurping
their
authority
.
This
usurped
power
of
the
Pope
,
verse
3
,
the
world
wondered
after
,
that
is
,
yeelded
subjection
unto
,
acknowledged
his
soveraignty
;
and
Verse
4.
and
they
worshiped
the
Dragon
;
how
so
?
the
next
words
tell
you
,
he
gave
power
to
the
Beast
;
The
Romans
did
not
,
and
the
Roman
Catholiques
did
never
absolutely
professe
themselves
worshipers
of
the
Devil
,
but
in
as
much
as
they
worshiped
an
usurped
Power
,
a
Power
gotten
by
Treachery
,
Rebellion
,
murther
,
and
deceit
,
they
worshiped
the
Devil
.
This
Text
holds
out
two
clear
Truths
.
1.
That
there
are
Powers
which
are
not
of
Gods
setting
up
,
out
of
the
Devils
setting
up
.
2.
To
subject
to
such
usurped
power
,
is
subjection
to
the
Devil
,
and
as
odious
in
the
sight
of
Christ
as
worshiping
of
the
Devil
.
Object
.
Kings
were
ordained
in
wrath
,
and
God
was
angry
with
Israel
for
desiring
a
King
;
Ergo
,
Kings
are
not
the
government
approved
by
God
.
Sol.
To
this
we
answer
in
a
word
to
the
Engagers
,
who
upon
this
ground
reject
the
government
of
Kings
.
1.
God
did
not
give
the
office
of
a
King
,
but
the
person
of
a
King
in
wrath
▪
for
when
God
took
away
the
person
,
he
continued
the
office
.
2.
He
promised
to
Abraham
that
Kings
should
come
of
him
.
3.
He
that
denyes
the
office
of
a
king
,
denyes
Christ
who
is
a
King
,
and
denyes
the
established
Government
(
in
the
form
of
it
)
by
God
in
the
Church
since
Adam
.
2.
God
was
not
angry
with
them
simply
for
seeking
a
king
,
but
,
1.
for
their
manner
of
seeking
a
king
;
they
would
seek
one
in
the
pride
of
their
heart
,
onely
to
be
like
other
Nations
:
1
Sam.
8.
5.
their
hearts
were
hankering
after
not
only
to
be
like
other
Nations
government
,
but
their
Religion
.
●
.
For
that
they
sought
a
king
inordinately
,
they
could
not
be
content
with
a
government
that
was
over
them
,
but
had
an
itching
discontented
humor
against
the
present
visible
government
.
They
made
a
remonstrance
that
their
Judges
were
unjust
,
therfore
they
would
be
no
longer
subject
to
them
:
v.
5.
this
God
is
angry
at
.
For
Subjects
to
reject
,
or
indeavour
to
change
the
government
of
a
kingdom
,
or
to
overthrow
the
visible
lawfull
Authority
upon
dislike
of
the
Government
,
is
a
God-provoking
sin
,
let
the
Ingagers
look
to
it
.
The
supreme
Powers
are
onely
disposed
of
by
God
.
Doubtlesse
they
might
have
prayed
to
God
in
his
due
time
to
fulfill
his
promise
,
Gen.
16.
of
giving
them
a
king
,
for
Israel
never
came
to
the
high
noon
of
Reformation
and
glory
till
kings
were
set
over
,
and
that
was
in
Solomon
,
at
which
time
the
Church
and
State
of
the
Jews
flourished
beyond
all
things
before
or
since
:
so
that
in
praying
for
a
king
in
order
to
the
glory
of
God
,
the
accomplishment
of
his
promises
,
and
the
good
of
his
Church
,
it
had
been
no
sin
:
but
for
the
people
of
their
own
heads
mutinously
,
and
in
opposition
to
a
visible
Authority
,
to
desire
a
king
,
this
was
a
great
sin
.
Ob.
If
Gods
providence
order
such
things
,
we
must
submit
to
providence
,
and
revealed
decrees
of
God
,
lest
we
be
found
fighters
against
God
.
Sol.
To
this
we
answer
:
there
are
the
decrees
of
God
,
and
the
commands
of
God
,
we
speak
of
them
now
as
contra-distinct
things
quo
ad
nos
.
The
precepts
or
revealed
commands
of
God
in
his
word
,
are
the
unquestionable
rules
of
Christians
at
all
times
,
whereby
to
regulate
all
their
actions
,
against
which
no
providence
nor
necessity
can
prevail
:
so
as
to
dispense
with
those
Laws
or
precepts
,
we
mean
morall
precepts
,
such
as
are
naturally
moral
,
not
morall
barely
by
institution
,
for
such
a
morall
differs
nothing
from
ceremoniall
,
except
in
duration
;
such
morall
precepts
,
in
extremâ
necessitate
,
may
be
dispensed
withall
,
as
to
help
an
ox
out
of
a
pit
on
the
Sabbath
day
,
which
is
a
labour
,
and
toil
,
and
simply
a
breach
of
the
Sabbath
,
yet
in
regard
of
the
necessity
it
gives
a
dispensation
,
or
rather
the
Law
dispenseth
with
it
.
But
as
for
morall
commands
which
are
such
by
nature
,
they
are
indispensible
rules
,
except
in
the
case
of
an
immediate
call
to
the
contrary
by
revelation
from
God
.
As
Abraham
was
call'd
to
kill
his
son
Isaac
,
which
was
against
a
naturall
precept
,
yet
having
an
immediate
call
from
God
,
had
not
God
stayed
his
hand
,
he
might
have
lawfully
done
it
:
because
he
that
commanded
Abraham
so
to
do
was
the
Lord
,
and
maker
of
the
Law
,
which
he
can
dispense
with
.
But
this
case
cannot
be
ours
under
the
Gospel
,
because
God
hath
given
us
his
revealed
will
in
writing
,
since
which
immediate
revelations
have
ceased
in
the
Gospel
Churches
,
there
being
no
need
of
them
at
all
.
Now
as
for
the
Providentiall
acts
of
God
,
or
his
revealed
decrees
,
these
are
no
rules
for
us
to
walk
by
,
nor
follow
any
otherwise
then
they
concur
with
the
revealed
will
of
God
in
his
precepts
.
We
bring
a
case
shall
make
good
this
assertion
,
and
stop
the
mouthes
of
all
rationall
antagonists
.
In
the
1
King.
11.
29.
to
v.
39.
there
was
that
decree
revealed
to
Jeroboam
by
the
prophet
Ahijah
,
who
exactly
revealed
Gods
intentions
to
give
to
him
ten
of
the
twelve
Tribes
,
and
the
house
of
David
but
two
,
Judah
and
sickly
Benjamin
,
scarce
worth
the
mentioning
as
a
Tribe
it
was
so
small
.
God
reveals
the
reason
to
him
why
he
did
it
,
viz
:
for
idolatry
,
and
forsaking
the
true
God
.
This
,
v.
37.
donation
of
Gods
to
Jereboam
is
repeated
again
to
him
,
that
God
would
choose
him
,
and
give
him
a
vast
power
over
the
people
,
to
do
,
and
reign
as
his
heart
could
desire
.
Here
if
ever
a
man
might
have
pleaded
Providence
,
and
have
urged
the
revealed
decree
of
God
for
attempting
treason
against
Solomon
,
certainly
(
if
in
any
case
or
person
)
it
had
not
been
rebellion
in
him
to
attempt
that
which
Providence
had
decreed
him
.
Nor
rebellion
in
Israel
to
have
subjected
to
him
whom
God
had
declared
to
be
their
king
.
But
Jereboam
in
following
the
revealed
decree
of
God
▪
contrary
to
a
moral
precept
of
God
,
viz
:
the
fifth
Commandment
,
which
injoyneth
Subjects
and
inferiors
to
submit
to
their
lawfull
superiors
,
for
this
very
cause
he
is
set
down
in
the
word
of
God
as
a
Rebell
against
Solomon
:
1
King.
11.
26.
there
he
is
put
in
the
rear
of
the
worst
of
the
enemies
of
the
Crown
,
and
royall
family
of
Israel
,
and
stigmatized
with
this
infamous
mark
of
a
Rebell
:
for
,
v
:
26.
Jereboam
the
son
of
Nebat
an
Ephrathite
of
Zereda
,
Sauls
servant
—
even
he
lift
up
his
hand
against
the
King
:
and
the
cause
of
this
his
rebellion
is
set
forth
in
the
rest
of
the
following
Chapter
,
because
God
had
revealed
his
decree
concerning
the
punishing
of
the
Royall
Family
for
their
sin
in
giving
him
ten
of
the
Tribes
.
This
revealed
will
of
God
was
so
far
from
justifying
his
acting
against
a
morall
precept
,
that
his
actions
are
set
forth
hanging
as
it
were
on
Hamans
gallows
,
expressed
in
the
terms
of
the
highest
treason
,
twice
together
,
He
lift
up
his
hand
against
the
King
,
he
lift
up
his
hand
against
the
king
.
Nor
are
the
ten
Tribes
lesse
excusable
who
subjected
to
Jereboam
:
for
though
they
might
have
pleaded
self
preservation
,
and
if
they
had
not
revolted
they
had
all
been
undone
,
and
the
providence
of
God
who
would
have
it
so
,
who
had
decreed
it
so
,
and
revealed
those
decrees
to
them
by
a
Prophet
,
these
might
not
be
resisted
,
yet
these
ten
Tribes
notwithstanding
for
their
rejecting
of
the
visible
and
lawfull
Authority
,
and
supremacie
of
the
kingdome
,
are
twice
branded
in
holy
Chronicles
for
Rebels
.
1
King.
12.
19.
Israel
rebelled
against
the
house
of
David
.
And
2
Chron.
10.
19.
Israel
rebelled
against
the
house
of
David
.
So
that
it
is
manifest
,
that
following
of
Providence
is
so
far
from
being
a
Christians
duty
,
that
many
times
it
is
a
desperate
sin
:
and
therefore
it
was
that
holy
David
when
he
might
have
cut
off
Sauls
head
,
and
when
Providence
had
cast
him
into
his
hands
,
he
durst
not
walk
by
acts
of
Providence
,
but
by
divine
precepts
,
which
commanded
him
to
do
no
murther
.
He
might
have
pleaded
self-preservation
,
and
in
killing
him
he
had
killed
a
publick
Enemie
,
and
a
murtherer
.
But
David
had
a
better
guide
then
Providence
to
direct
him
.
Witty
and
true
was
that
expression
of
a
pious
and
learned
Divine
:
If
Joseph
in
Aegypt
had
followed
Providence
,
he
had
without
doubt
committed
folly
with
his
Mistris
,
and
have
said
Providence
put
him
upon
it
.
We
therefore
conclude
,
that
acts
of
Providence
are
no
rules
for
Christians
to
follow
,
and
it
is
so
far
from
resisting
of
God
,
the
not
being
governed
by
them
,
that
many
times
it
becomes
a
great
sin
,
as
is
evident
by
what
hath
been
declared
:
and
the
ten
Tribes
have
this
sin
written
in
bloody
characters
upon
their
back
untill
this
day
:
for
from
Rebellion
they
turned
to
Idolatry
;
and
from
that
day
forward
they
sank
deeper
and
deeper
into
misery
,
untill
they
lost
their
Religion
,
Laws
,
liberties
,
and
Nation
:
which
judgement
remains
upon
them
untill
this
day
;
God
having
hanged
them
in
Gibbets
to
teach
Posterities
after
them
to
take
heed
of
their
sins
,
viz
:
of
following
Providence
against
a
Precept
:
Ob.
But
how
comes
it
to
passe
,
that
they
that
make
a
scruple
of
subscribing
this
Ingagement
,
yet
make
no
scruple
of
paying
taxes
:
Is
not
such
a
subjection
an
acknowledgement
of
their
Authority
?
and
do
they
not
condemne
themselves
in
doing
one
,
and
not
the
other
?
A.
We
will
not
undertake
to
give
the
fullest
Answer
hereunto
,
yet
we
hope
a
satisfactory
Answer
we
shall
be
able
to
give
.
1.
We
therfore
say
,
that
we
that
do
pay
taxes
do
make
scruples
of
paying
them
,
and
were
we
not
inslaved
should
much
more
expresse
our selves
.
2.
Paying
of
taxes
doth
not
imply
a
not
scrupling
of
the
authority
that
demands
and
exacts
them
:
A
man
may
pay
his
money
to
a
thief
,
yet
not
acknowledge
that
authority
to
be
just
.
3.
Taxes
that
are
now
imposed
are
extorted
,
and
not
voluntarily
payed
:
and
(
as
to
that
)
a
power
is
usurped
over
mens
estates
,
as
if
the
Nation
were
compleatly
conquered
Now
in
such
a
case
we
conceive
our selves
meerly
passive
,
and
no
way
active
,
at
least
free
from
any
spontaneous
act
.
Now
this
is
far
from
acknowledging
the
iustness
and
lawfulness
of
the
supremacie
of
such
a
Power
;
t
is
one
thing
to
be
inforced
to
a
subjection
in
person
and
estate
;
and
quite
another
thing
to
acknowledge
that
power
which
usurps
this
authority
to
be
supreme
and
legall
,
which
the
Ingagement
absolutely
inforceth
upon
the
Subscribers
.
But
let
the
world
judge
from
this
Objection
,
how
cruel
and
tyrannical
that
Government
is
,
that
when
the
poore
Protestants
shall
be
content
to
submit
to
most
grievous
taxes
for
quietnesse
sake
;
yet
this
is
not
sufficient
,
unlesse
they
will
subject
their
souls
,
and
insnare
them
also
in
unreasonable
and
cruell
bondage
.
Is
it
not
sufficient
for
the
paying
of
taxes
,
bearing
of
Free-quarter
,
and
suffering
many
afflictions
to
purchase
(
that
which
in
no
age
was
ever
denyed
)
our
freedom
,
but
we
must
be
cut-lawed
,
accounted
the
off-scouring
of
the
world
,
and
exposed
to
the
cruelty
of
merciles
men
without
remedie
;
must
our
estates
,
our
livelihoods
be
taken
away
,
our
wives
ravished
,
our
children
dis-inherited
,
our
goods
rifled
and
must
we
have
no
remedy
,
and
all
because
we
will
not
●ump
with
men
in
their
opinion
?
Let
all
Europe
judge
between
our
enemies
and
us
this
day
,
what
have
we
done
against
them
thus
to
provoke
them
,
who
of
us
have
lifted
up
our
hands
against
them
where
are
these
of
us
that
in
any
taxes
are
behind
?
but
we
have
payed
it
double
,
and
yet
a
thousand
of
our
families
are
ruined
by
them
;
they
have
taken
away
our
offices
,
and
livelihoods
,
they
have
suspended
and
imprisoned
sundry
of
our
Orthodox
and
Presbyterian
Ministers
,
and
now
have
layed
a
snare
to
pluck
them
out
of
their
Benefices
,
and
at
last
to
drive
them
the
kingdome
,
as
men
unworthy
to
be
protected
.
Where
is
that
liberty
of
conscience
they
so
much
pleaded
for
before
they
got
to
be
supreme
,
is
not
that
forgot
now
?
Are
not
Mr.
Edwards
his
words
fulfilled
,
who
fore-warned
the
kingdom
of
that
party
which
pleaded
for
Liberty
of
Conscience
,
saying
,
If
ever
they
got
power
they
would
not
grant
liberty
of
conscience
to
others
,
who
now
so
much
plead
for
it
for
themselves
.
This
is
our
comfort
in
our
distresse
,
that
though
on
all
hands
we
are
hated
,
and
persecuted
,
and
repreached
by
our
enemies
,
yet
for
all
this
we
have
not
dealt
falsly
in
our
Covenant
:
and
we
can
say
more
in
our
distresse
to
uphold
our
hearts
then
all
our
enemies
,
Lord
thov
knowest
our
integrity
.
We
will
onely
adde
one
thing
(
which
indeed
is
no
addition
,
but
a
vehement
reiteration
,
that
this
new
Ingagement
may
be
explained
according
to
our
Queries
,
or
any
other
way
to
satisfie
the
rationall
and
sober
minded
part
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
if
possible
the
drawer
of
it
up
,
and
first
framer
of
it
may
be
known
.
This
would
give
wonderfull
satisfaction
not
onely
to
private
men
,
but
Parliament
men
,
who
know
the
framer
of
it
,
and
stop
the
mouthes
of
such
who
say
,
that
Sir
Kelenem
Digby
,
and
that
patty
that
came
with
him
from
Rome
into
England
(
about
the
time
of
the
throwing
down
of
the
Lords
,
and
cutting
off
of
the
King
,
framed
this
Ingagement
against
the
Protestants
,
and
Covenanteers
party
;
as
also
to
ruine
the
Parliament
,
and
Army
.
This
by
many
rationall
men
is
much
credited
upon
this
ground
:
because
that
the
chief
head-peeces
of
Rome
,
were
at
the
cutting
off
of
the
King
here
in
England
,
freely
in
oying
their
liberty
;
such
as
Sir
Kelenem
Digby
,
with
his
concealed
Comrades
,
besides
Sir
Iohn
Winter
,
Endimion
Porter
Esquire
,
Walter
Montague
Esquire
,
Sir
Edw
:
Ford
,
all
professed
Papists
,
and
the
most
of
them
proclaimed
Traytors
,
some
of
them
being
of
the
blood
of
the
gunpowder-traytors
;
these
had
all
their
liberties
to
flant
it
in
the
City
of
London
,
and
Westminster
Hall
,
and
were
courted
,
and
gallantly
entertained
,
whiles
above
40.
of
the
notorious
Hereticks
in
the
Popes
black
book
,
we
mean
stout
Protestants
(
whose
names
many
of
them
were
at
the
Covenant
in
Print
)
were
inforced
to
look
through
the
grates
of
Prisons
,
Sir
William
Waller
,
Major
Generall
Brown
,
Coll
:
Coply
,
and
others
being
to
this
day
deteined
and
not
the
least
cause
shown
for
it
,
but
only
because
they
are
Protestants
many
were
inforced
to
make
escapes
,
and
flye
beyond
Sea
as
Coll.
Hollis
,
Col
:
Massy
,
and
severall
Citizens
of
London
:
so
that
all
men
that
had
observed
the
Popes
designes
,
since
the
Covenant
was
made
against
him
in
England
,
concluded
that
now
the
designe
of
the
Popes
had
taken
effect
,
and
he
had
taken
full
revenge
upon
the
Parliament
of
England
for
all
their
Injuries
done
unto
him
and
his
party
.
Since
which
there
onely
remaineth
of
the
Covenant
keeping
Presby●erian
Ministery
,
against
which
many
Petitions
have
been
made
,
and
put
up
to
the
House
at
Westminster
,
some
to
take
them
down
,
and
some
to
take
their
means
from
them
.
But
now
the
last
and
grand
designe
is
to
put
upon
them
the
new
Ingagement
,
this
hath
scattered
the
Assembly
of
Divines
in
the
first
place
,
hath
shaken
and
cast
out
the
Heads
of
Houses
in
both
Universities
,
and
daily
creepeth
more
and
more
upon
the
Protestant
Ministers
both
in
the
City
and
Countrey
,
clipping
their
estates
,
and
keeping
them
out
of
Livings
,
and
Benefices
,
whereby
very
many
of
the
godly
Ministers
with
their
Families
are
like
to
starve
already
,
these
things
make
many
Protestants
imagine
,
that
the
design
is
to
pluck
up
all
the
sound
Protestants
in
the
Kingdom
,
both
of
Magistrates
and
Ministers
,
and
so
by
degrees
to
eradicate
the
Protestant
Religion
,
and
all
to
make
way
for
Popery
,
which
hath
already
got
stronger
footing
in
the
Kingdome
then
the
Protestant
Religion
:
for
all
the
oaths
that
were
against
their
consciences
are
taken
away
,
and
a
new
one
set
up
well
pleasing
to
the
Papists
,
onely
offensive
to
the
Protestants
:
nay
all
Laws
against
the
Papists
are
repealed
,
and
they
restored
to
their
ancient
liberties
in
Q.
Maries
daies
,
and
worse
Laws
against
the
Protestants
,
then
in
her
daies
.
Nor
is
this
inconsistent
with
State
policy
,
for
if
it
be
true
as
it
is
beleeved
,
and
reported
to
be
true
,
that
the
designe
is
to
set
up
Monarchy
in
another
family
,
they
cannot
do
it
without
the
alteration
of
Religion
,
for
the
Protestants
they
are
resolved
to
keep
their
Covenant
,
and
the
Sectarians
they
are
in
no
wise
to
be
leaned
upon
,
by
reason
of
their
instability
,
they
are
like
Jackdaws
that
flye
from
Church
to
Church
,
sometimes
here
,
sometimes
there
,
Heterogenious
parts
in
an
intire
body
,
are
fit
to
throw
down
a
government
:
But
unfit
to
erect
another
.
But
the
Jesuite
he
is
both
a
Statesman
,
and
a
staid
man
upon
the
Romish
bottome
,
and
that
party
,
viz
:
the
Romish
party
,
are
all
allies
in
the
Catholick
cause
;
so
that
he
that
will
usurp
a
Monarchy
,
his
onely
pollitique
way
is
to
joyn
with
that
party
who
can
befriend
him
in
every
Countrey
.
For
all
Catholick
Princes
are
bound
by
an
Oath
,
as
much
as
in
them
lies
,
to
promote
the
Catholique
cause
,
and
what
Prince
that
is
a
Papist
dares
be
assistant
to
a
Protestant
Prince
against
an
usurper
,
that
hath
promised
the
Pope
to
set
up
the
Catholique
cause
,
and
root
out
Protestants
,
that
Prince
that
should
do
so
,
should
be
sure
to
be
cursed
whith
bell
,
book
,
and
candle
at
Rome
:
nay
what
King
durst
refuse
(
upon
the
Popes
command
,
)
to
be
assistant
to
the
usurper
,
against
the
true
head
being
a
Protestant
;
we
will
say
no
more
:
what
others
say
,
either
to
tell
of
Sir
Kenelem
Digby
his
being
sent
to
Rome
,
or
of
Quarter-master
Generall
Watsons
going
after
him
,
or
of
his
instructions
what
to
agitate
at
the
Popes
Court
,
or
of
the
Popes
designs
in
Ireland
against
the
Protestants
.
But
we
will
desire
the
Author
who
ever
he
be
,
or
the
power
that
put
it
forth
,
that
they
will
tell
us
,
what
is
the
meaning
of
his
new
Ingagement
,
and
make
it
cleer
to
us
that
they
can
lawfully
impose
it
:
and
when
the
justnesse
thereof
in
each
particular
shall
be
made
out
,
that
it
is
for
the
glory
of
God
,
the
advancement
of
Religion
,
the
establishment
of
lawfull
Magistracy
,
and
the
establishing
and
reforming
of
the
State
,
as
the
tenour
of
the
Covenant
runs
,
we
do
again
professe
that
we
will
with
all
joyfulnesse
submit
,
and
subscribe
thereunto
.
But
if
upon
cleer
and
manifest
grounds
it
appear
to
be
destrctive
to
the
Parliament
,
Religion
,
Laws
,
Liberty
,
Kingdom
,
and
Army
,
and
a
meer
design
to
introduce
Popery
,
they
will
be
so
far
from
promoting
it
(
we
hope
)
that
they
will
speedily
remove
it
out
of
the
way
,
as
a
burdensome
stone
upon
Christians
consciences
,
and
the
Kingdoms
Gangreen
.
We
could
wish
them
to
take
notice
of
the
hand
of
God
against
it
since
is
came
forth
,
the
same
night
that
the
Act
for
the
taking
the
Ingagement
was
printed
,
the
same
night
a
dreadfull
blow
by
powder
,
which
blew
up
70.
and
odde
persons
,
and
slew
them
all
in
the
twinkle
of
an
eye
:
Lieut
:
Coll
:
Smith
,
who
was
Sir
Hardresse
Wallers
L
:
Coll
:
he
that
was
the
busie
man
in
pulling
the
Members
of
the
Commons
House
out
of
the
House
,
and
imprisoning
the
Members
,
he
was
blowed
up
in
the
midst
of
his
cups
,
and
slain
:
and
since
that
one
of
the
promoters
of
the
Ingagement
(
we
tremble
to
mention
it
)
on
Jan
:
30.
through
the
terror
of
conscience
,
and
temptation
of
the
devil
,
hanged
himself
.
We
cannot
but
take
notice
of
Gods
displeasure
and
wrath
which
breaks
out
daily
amongst
us
,
in
fires
and
murthers
since
this
Ingagement
came
forth
.
We
therefore
resolve
(
as
we
hate
perjury
,
rebellion
and
treason
)
not
to
touch
with
this
Ingagement
,
until
upon
evident
grounds
of
humane
reason
,
or
Divinity
,
it
be
made
clear
,
that
it
is
for
the
good
of
Religion
,
Laws
,
Magistracy
,
and
Ministery
:
and
this
our
resolution
is
so
reasonable
,
and
just
,
that
we
conceive
none
but
unreasonable
men
,
and
the
enemies
of
Church
and
State
,
Parliament
,
Army
and
people
will
speak
against
it
,
or
oppose
this
our
resolution
.
Ob.
There
is
one
objection
or
false
glosse
which
the
Ingagers
make
,
and
that
is
in
the
clause
of
the
3d.
Article
of
the
Covenant
concerning
the
King
,
that
we
covenanted
with
the
Parliament
to
defend
the
King
so
far
as
he
defended
the
Protestant
Religion
:
but
if
he
act
contrary
,
then
to
bring
him
to
Justice
according
to
the
Covenant
,
that
injoyns
us
to
bring
Delinquents
to
condigne
punishment
.
But
,
say
they
,
the
King
was
a
great
Delinquent
,
and
an
enemy
to
the
Protestant
Religion
.
A.
To
this
we
answer
briefly
:
1.
The
two
former
Articles
of
the
Covenant
speak
wholly
of
the
preservation
of
the
reformed
Religion
,
the
3d.
Article
speaks
wholly
of
the
preservation
of
the
King
,
and
Parliament
,
and
kingdome
,
which
together
with
the
preservation
of
Religion
we
covenanted
to
defend
.
To
defend
his
Majesties
person
[
in
the
preservation
and
defence
of
the
true
Religion
,
and
Liberties
of
the
kingdom
]
is
not
inserted
conditionally
,
as
I
will
defend
his
person
no
longer
then
he
shall
defend
Religion
,
and
the
Laws
.
If
so
,
then
t
was
taken
with
the
like
condition
to
be
subject
to
the
Parliament
:
and
then
it
must
necessarily
follow
,
that
we
the
Subjects
make
our selves
the
Kings
Judges
and
that
man
or
party
may
revolt
from
the
King
,
and
indevour
to
pull
him
down
,
because
he
maintains
not
his
Religion
;
and
therfore
we
renounce
that
Interpretation
of
that
Clause
as
Jesuiticall
.
We
Protestants
took
it
in
this
sence
,
that
we
would
,
together
with
our
Religion
,
preserve
our
King
and
Parliament
absolutely
:
And
if
they
did
act
any
thing
con●rary
to
Religion
,
or
Law
,
we
were
resolved
to
yeeld
passive
obedience
,
and
in
no
wise
to
resist
the
higher
Powers
But
grant
it
(
which
we
will
not
)
that
it
had
been
meant
conditionally
,
so
long
as
he
preserves
Religion
:
how
comes
it
,
that
when
the
King
had
fully
determined
,
and
yeelded
to
root
out
Popery
,
and
to
establish
the
Protestant
Religion
in
the
three
Kingdoms
,
and
to
establish
Church
government
,
and
put
the
Militia
in
the
Parliaments
hands
;
and
when
the
Parliament
voted
his
concessions
a
ground
to
proceed
on
to
settle
the
Kingdom
,
then
he
was
snatched
away
,
and
both
King
and
Parliament
thrown
down
.
This
plea
of
theirs
joyned
with
their
practice
,
would
make
any
man
beleeve
the
Ingagers
flat
Papists
.
How
can
they
say
they
sincerely
maintain
the
rights
and
privileges
of
Parliament
,
when
they
contradict
their
Votes
,
and
take
the
boldnesse
to
tell
them
they
are
all
treacherous
,
and
lay
violent
hands
on
them
,
and
exclude
them
from
sitting
in
the
House
,
and
imprison
them
?
And
how
can
they
say
they
defended
his
Majesties
person
in
the
maintaining
of
true
Religion
,
when
they
cut
him
off
,
even
then
,
when
both
the
Houses
of
Parliament
and
He
had
even
concluded
the
Treaty
,
to
root
out
Popery
,
and
establish
the
Protestant
Religion
?
What
Subject
,
especially
hired
servants
,
dare
presume
to
contradict
the
Parliaments
Votes
upon
serious
debate
,
shall
any
one
party
of
Subjects
surmises
out-weigh
the
grave
and
serious
debates
of
a
Parliament
?
T
is
true
subjects
duty
to
submit
to
higher
Powers
,
not
resist
them
.
But
this
was
a
resistance
at
that
very
time
when
all
things
were
concluded
in
a
manner
,
for
setling
the
kingdome
in
peace
,
and
true
Religion
.
So
that
they
that
upon
this
ground
plead
for
the
necessity
of
cutting
off
the
King
,
must
plead
it
,
because
he
would
no
longer
defend
the
Popish
Religion
.
And
therfore
from
the
Ingagers
own
Argument
of
cutting
off
the
King
,
we
cannot
subscribe
to
this
Ingagement
;
lest
the
world
take
us
for
most
rank
hypocrites
,
vile
Apostates
,
and
absolute
Papists
.
Reader
,
the
times
are
such
that
they
will
not
admit
such
Papers
to
be
perused
,
and
corrected
to
thy
hand
:
therefore
be
pleased
to
amend
with
thy
pen
these
grosse
mistakes
of
the
Printer
.
P.
1.
l.
4.
for
,
and
peace
and
religion
,
r
:
pure
Religion
and
famous
Princes
to
defend
both
.
l.
5.
for
,
Fortescus
,
r.
Fortescue
.
l.
10.
for
,
disposing
,
r.
dispensing
.
l.
11
for
,
Ras
,
r.
res
l.
16.
for
,
spoke
,
r.
speaks
.
l.
ult
:
for
,
faind
,
r.
found
p.
2.
l.
3.
for
,
matter
for
,
r.
matter
,
so
for
.
l.
6.
for
,
for
,
r
:
so
.
l
:
7.
for
,
constitution
,
r
:
constituting
.
l.
9.
for
,
conjunctions
,
r
:
conjunctim
.
l.
10.
for
apax
,
r.
apex
.
l.
12.
for
,
procession
,
r
:
processes
,
l.
13.
for
,
divisions
,
r
:
divisim
.
l.
14.
for
compunction
,
r
:
conjunctim
.
l.
17.
for
,
limitations
,
r.
as
for
limitations
,
for
,
power
have
,
r
:
power
they
have
.
l.
33.
blot
out
,
and
the
kingdom
of
England
by
King
,
Lords
,
and
Commons
,
p.
4.
l.
3.
for
,
time
,
r
:
line
.
l.
4.
fer
,
divided
Henry
,
r.
divided
.
Henry
,
pvt
out
,
and
l.
13.
for
,
laying
,
t
:
uniting
.
l.
21.
22.
put
out
,
whose
antiquity
is
beyond
all
kings
in
the
world
.
l.
32.
for
,
●00
.
r
:
1000.
l.
34.
blot
out
,
alwaies
acknowledged
and
granted
by
the
king
.
p.
5.
l.
21.
for
,
then
,
r.
the
three
,
l.
35.
for
,
vegative
,
r.
Negative
.
l.
31.
for
,
publike
,
r.
politick
,
p.
7.
l.
2.
for
,
lover
,
r
:
honour
.
l.
3.
for
,
their
,
r
:
your
.
for
,
give
,
r
:
grant
.
l.
5.
for
,
4.
but
.
r
:
4.
N.
17.
But
.
l.
7.
for
,
accesse
,
r
:
excesse
.
l.
10.
for
,
meaner
,
r
:
meanest
.
l.
7.
for
,
is
,
r
:
as
.
l.
19.
for
,
implies
,
r
:
imploys
.
l.
34.
for
,
approves
,
r
:
appeals
.
l.
35.
for
,
and
infinition
,
r
:
ad
infinitum
.
p.
8.
l.
1.
for
,
Giudas
,
r
:
Guildas
.
l.
2.
for
,
at
,
r.
of
.
l.
6.
for
,
ptesevitians
,
r
:
persecutions
.
l.
8.
for
Entichion
Heresies
,
r
:
Eutichian
Hereticks
.
for
Popus
,
r
:
Popes
,
l
:
15.
for
Lucious
,
r
:
Lucius
l.
17.
for
,
righteous
,
r.
religious
.
l.
19.
for
,
Helea
,
r
:
Helena
.
l.
25
for
,
up
,
Christian
,
r.
up
,
the
first
Christian
:
l.
29.
for
,
Antichrisian
,
r
:
Antichristian
.
l.
35.
for
,
intrapped
,
r
:
Religious
.
l.
38.
for
,
got
,
r
:
Acted
.
FINIS
.