








igin Act of 1924, 10
Nationality Act of 1940, 11
Native Americans, 11, 12, 20, 32, 80, 81;
adoption of children of, 98-99; minority groups rights of, 88-95; in the 1990s, 83-87; rights of Canadian, 96-97; women, in history, 102-105
naturalized citizenship, 10, 12-13
Nazis, 12, 46, 220; Holocaust and, 205-211.
See also Hitler, Adolf; World War II
Negritude, 131
neo-Nazis, 35, 38, 61
New Deal, 46, 154
New Mexico, Indian casinos in, 100-101
Niagara Movement, 140
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 269, 271
Night of the Long Knives, 226, 228
Nixon, Richard, 80, 203, 241
nongovernmental organizations, 77, 79
North American Free Trade Agreement, 60-61, 93, 225, 246
O'Connor, John )., 267-268
octoroons, 262
one-drop rule, racial categories and, 260-267
Pan-Africanism, 131, 134, 136
Parizeau, Jacques, 225, 226, 229, 230
Patterson, Isabel, 153, 154
Payson, Philip, 150, 151
Pettiford, William, 150, 151
Plessy v, Ferguson, 16, 17, 35, 140
Pocahontas, 102-105, 138
Polish Americans, and the Holocaust 205-211
political issues: Greek Americans and, 202-204; new ethnicity and, 190-196-religion and, 267-272	'
Potsdam Declaration, 231-233
Powell, Colin, 148, 161
Proposition 187, California's, 216-224
Proposition 209, California's, 31-34, 35, 119,
quadroons, 262
Quebec, and Canada, 225-230
Raab, Earl, 192-193
Raboteau, Albert Jay, 155
racial identity:  claiming" of, by teena 246-248; historical view of, 249-253; Italian-Americans and, 197-201; and U.S. census, 260-267
Rand, Ayn, 153, 154
Reagan, Ronald, 87, 120, 203, 218, 26', Reconstruction, 140, 163, 198 redlining, 265
Refugee Act of 1980, 48 religion: blacks and, 138-139; 157-158;
rights movement and, 155-156; diver of American, 169-174; immigrants an 43, 44; Polish Americans and, 207 2i 209-210; role of, in political life, 267
Reserve Officer Training Corps, 237
Revolutionary War, 41
Ricard, John H., 157-158
Rolfe, John, 102, 138
Romanticism, German, 221
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 153
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 72, 154
Roosevelt, Theodore, 45
Rwanda, and ethnic conflict in Zaire, 234-235
Sacagawea, 102-105
Safire, William, 78
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 135, 193
Sawyer, Thomas C., 260, 262-263, 26( schools: immigrants and, 44-45; racial segregation in, 16-18, 19-26, 140, 14 Scottsboro Nine, 162-163 segregation, racial, in the schools, 1619-26, 140, 141, 218
self-determination for indigenous peo1 76-82
settlement houses, 44
Simpson, Alan, 49, 50, 64-65
Simpson, O. J., murder trial of, 159-14
Sipuel v. Oklahoma, 17
Sivarakas, Sulak, 257-258 slavery, 139, 140, 153
Slovak Americans, new ethnicity and, 190-196
Smith, Adam, 249
Smith, John, 102
Smith, Lamar, 64-65
Southern Christian Leadership Confen 33
sovereignty, Native Americans and, 8 Soviet Union, immigrants from, to Isr 203-204
Sowell, Thomas, 68-69, 148, 153, 244
Steele, Shelby, 245
stereotypes, of Asian and Hispanic Americans, 166-168
St. Francis College v. Al-Khazraj, 198-19
Stokes, Carl, 157, 158
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 132, 133
Sudetenland, Potsdam Declaration an 231-233
Sun Yat-sen, 179
Supreme Court, 11, 13, 35, 91, 93, 13 148, 153, 154, 163, 218, 241; and race-based redistricting of Congress 27-28. See also individual cases
Sweatt v. Painter, 17
Taft, Robert A., 147, 153
Taney, Roger, 6, 11
teenagers, "claiming" of racial identity by, 246-248
Thirteenth Amendment, to the U.S.
Constitution, 199
Thomas, Clarence, 22, 148
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 67, 68
tourism industry, Native Americans and, 83-87
Treaty of Guadeloupe Hildago, 123
Trudeau, Pierre, 226
Truman, Harry, 46
Truth, Sojourner, 152
Tsongas, Paul, 203
Tubman, Harriet, 1S2
Turkey, immigrants from, in Germany, 216-224
Turner, Nat, 139
Tutsi people, of Zaire, 234-235
Tyson, Mike, 136
Udall, Mo, 98
Udall, Tom, 101
United Farm Workers, 123-124
United Nations, indigenous peoples and
76-82, 88
United States v. Biaggi, 200
U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark, 11
Vallidres, Pierre, 229-230
Vasquez, Martha, 100, 101
Vidor, King, 131
Vietnam War, Hispanic soldiers in, 115-118
Voting Rights Act of 1965, 28, 29 47 242
261, 263
Walker, Alice, 153
Wallace, George, 192
Walmsley, Arthur, 269
Wannsee Conference, 231
War Brides Act of 1945, 46
Warren, Earl, 16, 140
Washington, Booker T., 19, 135, 139-140,
147, 148-151, 262
Washington, George, 67, 141
Watt, James, 87
Wattenburg, Ben, 67
Webster, Yehudi, 265
Weinberger, Caspar, 263
welfare, immigrants and, 66, 120
Whatley, Phyllis, 152, 252, 253
Wiesel, Elie, 208
Wilder, Douglas, 262
Wilkins, Helena, 119, 120
Williams, Chancellor, 133-134
Wilson, Pete, 11, 34, 38, 61, 119, 120, 24 242
Wilson, William Julius, 21
Winnemucca, Sarah, 103
Winthrop, John, 39-40
women: citizenship and, 13; magazines f Hispanic, 125-127; Mexican, in the U.S. 122-124; Native American, in history, 102-105
Wood, Gordon S., 68
Wood, Thomas, 242
Woodson, Carter G., 130, 135
workplace, blacks in the, 142-146
World War I, 45
World War II, 12, 46, 220, 221; Holocaus and, 205-211; internment of Japanese Hispanics during, 72-73; Potsdam Declaration and, 231-233
Wright, Richard, 142, 153
X, Malcolm, 136, 148, 262
Zaire, ethnic conflicts in, 234-235
zenophobia, 168
Zionism, 213
Credits/Acknowledgments
Cover design by Charles Vitelli
1.	Race and Ethnicity in the American Legal Tradition
Facing overview Dushkin/McGraw*Hill photo.
2-	Immigration and the American Experience
Facing overview Library of Congress photo. 69 Bettmann Archive illustration.
3-	Indigenous Ethnic Croups
Facing overview United Nations photo by Jerry Frank.
5.	African Americans
Facing overview AP/Wide World photo.
6.	Asian Americans
Facing overview-New York Convention and Visitors Bureau photo. 170-174-Pluralism Project photos.
7.	The Ethnic Legacy	.
Facing overview-New York Convention and Visitors Bureau photo.
8.	The Ethnic Factor International Challenges for the 1990s
Facing overview United Nations photo.
4.	Hispanic/Latino Americans Facing overview Digital Stock photo.
9.	Understanding Cultural Pluralism
Facing overview United Nations photo.
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1   Dred Scott v. Sandford
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Racial Restrictions in the Law of Citizenship Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. "Is Racial Integration Essential to Achieving Quality Education for Low-Income Minority Students, In the Short Term? In the Long Term?
Court Crows Critical When Race, Law Intersect New Tolerance in the South or Old Power of
Incumbency?
7.	Proposition 209 Is a Blueprint for Court Fights, Scholars Say
8.	The Long Retreat Back to 'Separate-but-Equal'
9-	A Nation of Immigrants
10.	American Ethnicities and the Politics of Inclusion and
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Not Quite So Welcome Anymore
Is Latest Wave a Drain or Boon to Society?
Solidarity Doesn't Mean Lost Identity
Citizenship Is a Malleable Concept Held in War, Latins Seek Reparations 12th Session of UN Working Croup on Indigenous Peoples American Indians in the 1990s
The Good, the Bad, and the Intolerable
Canada Pressed on Indian Rights Amity in Indian Adoptions Dispute over Indian Casinos in New Mexico
Produces Quandary on Law and Politics
  Native-American Women in History
L Specific Hispanics
  The Ballad of Freddy Gonzalez
  Baiting Immigrants: Heartbreak for Latinos
'  From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in the United States
'  Magazines, Latinos Find Themselves on the Same Page
27.	Understanding Afrocentrism
28.	10 Most Dramatic Events in African-American History
29.	Color Blind
30.	Alternative Afrocentrisms: Three Paths Not Taken-Yet
31.	God and the Civil Rights Movement and Josephites
Mark 125 Years
32.	From Scottsboro to Simpson
33.	Misperceived Minorities: 'Good' and 'Bad' Stereotypes Saddle Hispanics and Asian Americans
34.	Neighboring Faiths
35.	The Chinese Diaspora
36.	Asian-Indian Americans
37.	The New Ethnicity
38.	Italian Americans as a Cognizable Racial Group
39.	Greek-Americans in the Political Life of the United State;
40.	Polish Americans and the Holocaust
41.	A Riddle: What Is Catholic, Jewish, and Stateless?
42.	Resurgence of Ethnic Nationalism in California and Germany. The Impact on Recent Progress in Education
43.	No Canada?
44.	Germania Irredenta
45.	Size, Scope of Hutu Crisis Hotly Debated
46.	Military-Civilian Schism Widens, Posing Danger
47.	So You Want to Be Color-Blind
48.	Goin' Gangsta, Choosin' Cholita: Teens Today
"Claim" a Racial Identity
49.	The Geometer of Race
50.	Minority Rights: On the Importance of Local Knowledge
51.	One Drop of Blood
52.	The Place of Faith in Public Life: A Personal
Perspective
(Continued on next pagej
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