Microsoft Word - د.محبوبة Mustafa et al. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 5( 2 ) 1 – 9 ,2013 1   USING OF DRIED BETONY AND PEPPERMINT IN BROILER DIETS ON PERFORMANCE, HEMATOLOGICAL AND IMMUNITY RESPONSE. Mahbuba AGH. Mustafa* Sami Mahdi* Bestoon N. Bakr * Department of Animal Resources-College of Agriculture-University of Salahaddin- Arbil. ABSTRACT This experiment was aimed to investigate the effect of using different levels of betony and peppermint alone or together on body performance, hematological traits and immunological response in Ross-308 broiler male chickens, in this experiment three hundred and sixty (360) day old sexed male chicks (Ross-380) were randomly divided into 12 replicates, 30 chicks per replicate (three replicates per treatment). The four treatments in this experiment are: T0=control (standard ration), T1 (2% dried betony), T2 (2% dried peppermint) and T3 (1% betony+ 1% peppermint). The effect of betony and peppermint added to broilers diet is presented showed significant increases (P<0.05) in body weight in T2 at 25 days, relative weight of heart, liver, gizzard, proventriculus and fabricius, also showed significant increases (P<0.01) in body weight at 42 days, body weight gain at 25 and 42 days in T1, T2 and T3 also in eviscerated dressing, the relative weight of (breast, thigh, drumstick, wings and spleen), but showed that FCR differ significantly (P<0.01) among treatments, better feed conversion was found in T1, T2 and T3 at ages 25 and 42 days. While, the results shows significant induces (P<0.01) in mortality and relative weight of (abdominal fat, neck and back), but there were no significant differences among the treatments with control in Feed consumption at ages 25 and 42 days. Thus the results showed significant increases (P<0.01) in total count of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total protein concentration and high density lipoprotein (HDL), While, the results shows significant induces (P<0.01) in H/L ratio, cholesterol concentration and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in T2, T3 and T1 as compared with T0, but there were no significant differences among the treatments with control in total count of white blood cells (WBCs). Also the results showed significant increases (P<0.01) in ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ Received for publication August 22 , 2013 . Accepted for publication Oct. 30 , 2013 . Mustafa et al. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 5( 2 ) 1 – 9 ,2013 2   antibodies titer of Newcastle Disease (HI), Gumboro Disease (IBD) and Infectious Bronchitis Viral (IBV) in T1, T2 and T3. In all traits T2 achieved more improving as compared with the other treatment of this experiment. Keywords: betony; peppermint; broiler; performance; hematological; immunity INTRODUCTION Betony and peppermint are plant species being abundantly available, is extensively used for the treatment of several diseases, scientific evidences suggest that herbs, spices, and various plant extracts have appetite- and digestion-stimulating properties and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the growth of unfavorable bacteria in the gut (Wenk, 2000; Kamel, 2001). Betony (Stachys floridanum) is related to mint family (Ginger et al,. 2009), it contains various alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and volatile oil as active constituents that make the herb rather effective herbal remedy in case of diarrhea, bronchitis, asthma, and even kidney stones, is an effective remedy for headaches and nervousness, due to glycoside constituent, that is believed to lower blood pressure. It relaxes the whole body (especially the head area) and gives calm and peace, stimulates digestive systems, purifies blood system, and even gives protection both for good health and good fortune, its cousins may all contribute to its activity, it used as antistress (Singleton, 2010 and Vogl et al., 2013).      Peppermint (Mentha piperita), is aromatic, almost exclusively perennial, rarely annual, herbs, that are widely distributed and can be found in many environments (Brickell and Cole, 2002). Mint essential oil and menthol are extensively used as flavorings, antiseptic. The active of the mint depend on the abundant volatile oil, which has been found to contain a hydrocarbon, thymol and higher oxygenated compounds (Grieve, 1981; Chopra et al., 1992). Analgesic (topical), anti-inflammatory, calms and strengthens nerves, calms an upset stomach, digestive aid, dissolves gallstones, eliminates heartburn, improves solubility of bile, inhibits and kills micro-organisms (Influenza A viruses, Pseudomonas acruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus), inhibits constipation, inhibits diarrhea, normalizes gastrointestinal activity, prevents congestion of blood to the brain, reduces bile cholesterol levels, stimulates circulation, stimulates contractile activity and bile secretion in the gallbladder (Blumenthal, 1998). MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was conducted in Murtka/Qushtapa broiler field- Erbil, with 360 one day old broiler sexed male chicks (Ross-380) reared for a period of 42 days from 21/3/-2/5/2013. Chicks initial weight (42.4 g) were randomly distributed into 4 treatments, each treatment contain 3 replicates (30 chicks). T0=control (standard ration), T1 (added 2% dried betony), T2 (added 2% dried peppermint) and T3 (added 1% betony+ 1% peppermint). Feed and water were Mustafa et al. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 5( 2 ) 1 – 9 ,2013 3   supplied ad libitum, the feed prepared from Kosar company that content (3003, 2968 , 2985 kcal/kg) metabolized energy, (21, 19.75, 20.35%) crude protein in (starter, grower and finisher) diet respectively. Throughout this experiment body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight and body gain were recorded in 25 and 42 days, also mortality , eviscerated dressing percentage , edible & non edible internal organs, , abdominal fat , carcass cuts ( breast , thigh , drumstick , back , wings and neck ) were measured at 42 days. In this study blood was collected in EDTA tubes from the brachial vein of 12 birds from each treatment, and used fresh blood for determination of hematological indexes. The number of total RBC (106/mm3) and total WBC (103/mm3) were determined using Natt-Herrick staining solution (Natt and Herrick, 1952) in a hemocytometer chamber. Differential leukocyte count (heterophil and lymphocytel) made on slides stained with Wright-Giemsa and observed in an optical microscope (100x) to determined H/L ratio. Hemoglobin level (g/100 mL) was measured by the cyanmethemoglobin method and hematocrit (PCV) (%) was determined using a micro-hematocrit capillary, blood centrifuged for biochemical analyzer, thus serum collected for studying the concentration of: cholesterol, HDL, LDL and total protein by using Kits, also the same chicks serum used for measuring antibody titer of Newcastle disease (ND) Gumboro (IBD) and IBV. All data were analyzed by using CRD (Complete Randomize Design) by SAS (Statistical Analysis System, 2002), as per variance, significant differences among treatment means were determined by Duncan’s multiple range tests (Duncan, 1955). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The effect of betony and peppermint added to broilers diets are presented in Table ( 1 ) shows significant increases (P<0.05) in body weight in T2 (2% peppermint) at 25 days, also shows significant increases (P<0.01) in body weight at 42 days, body weight gain at 25 and 42 days when added 2% betony in T1, 2% peppermint in T2 and T3 (1% betony+1% peppermint) as compared with the control (T0), at the same table showed that FCR differ significantly (P<0.01) among treatments, better feed conversion was found in T2, T3 and T1 respectively as compared with T0 at ages 25 and 42 days. While, the results shows significant induces (P<0.01) in mortality at the end of the experiment in T2, T3 and T1 as compared with T0, but there were no significant differences among the treatments and control in Feed consumption at ages 25 and 42 days. Herbal planet could stimulate the digestion system in poultry, improve the function of liver and increase the pancreatic digestive enzymes. Enhancement of the metabolism of herbal plant carbohydrates and proteins in the major organs would increase growth rate of these organs (Mellor, 2000). The high content of Mustafa et al. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 5( 2 ) 1 – 9 ,2013 4   peppermint in menthol, potassium, manganese, calcium, phosphor, niacin, foliate, sugar, carbohydrates, soluble and insoluble fiber, sodium, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, amino acids, energy and (omega -3) (USDA, 2012), thereby improving the consumption of feed, feed conversion efficiency, body weight and body gain also herbals because it content high percentage of fibers led to reduce the speed of the passage of food into the gastrointestinal tract and thereby increase the rate of digestion and absorption of feed materials (Kwropatcin, 1982; Naji and Kabro, 1999). Table 1. Effect of betony and peppermint added on broiler performance. treatments Traits T0 T1 T2 T3 Body weight 25 day (g) 1079±57 b 1137±55 ab 1240±41 a 1192±39 ab Body wt. gains 1-25 Day (g) 1036±53 c 1094±50 b 1197±35 a 1149±36 ab Feed consumed 1-25 day (g) 1637±79 a 1619±65 a 1652±58 a 1631±60 a Feed conversion efficiency 25 day 1.58±0.11 a 1.48±0.09 b 1.38.±0.05 c 1.42±0.07 bc Body weight 42 day (g) 2720±108 c 2805±98 b 2911±83 a 2865±88 ab Body wt. gains 1-42 Day (g) 2677±104 c 2762±96 b 2868±82 a 2822±85 ab Feed consumed 1-42 day (g) 4979±153 a 5027±140 a 4933±110 a 4995±126 a Feed conversion efficiency 42 day 1.86±0.13 a 1.82±0.10 a 1.72±0.08 b 1.77±0.07 b Mortality % 6.56±1.45 a 4.33±1.11 b 2.66±0.25 c 3.33±0.30 c T0= control T1=2% betony T2= 2% peppermint T3=1% betony +1% peppermint a – c Means within rows with different superscripts differ significantly at (P≤ 0.05) and (P≤ 0.01) Non-Significant differences within rows same letters. Table (2) shows significant increases (P<0.01) at 42 days in the percentage of heart, liver and proventriculus inT2 (2% peppermint), also shows significant increases (P<0.01) in Gizzard % in T2 and T3, thus shows significant increases (P<0.01) in the percentage of eviscerated dressing, breast, thigh, drumstick and wings in T1, T2 and T3 as compared with the control (T0). While, the results shows significant induces (P<0.01) in the percentage of abdominal fat, neck and back in T2 and T3 as compared with T1 and T0. The high body weight in table (1) led to high dressing, internal organs and carcass portion percentages. Mustafa et al. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 5( 2 ) 1 – 9 ,2013 5   Table 2. Effect of betony and peppermint added on broiler eviscerated dressing, internal organs and carcass portion percentages at 42 days. treatments Traits T0 T1 T2 T3 Eviscerated dressing percentage % 71.44±2.8 c 72.00±1.7 c 73.69±1.0 a 72.88±1.3 b Internal organs%/ Heart % 0.497±0.033 b 0.537±0.030 ab 0.552±0.025 a 0.530±0.030 ab Liver % 2.395±0.18 b 2.482±0.16 ab 2.643±0.09 a 2.504±0.08 ab Gizzard % 1.419±0.13 b 1.442±0.11 b 1.509±0.10 a 1.528±0.07 a Proventriculus % 0.414±0.025 b 0.428±0.030 b 0.482±0.018 a 0.439±0.020 b Abdominal fat % 0.856±0.032 a 0.793±0.029 ab 0.656±0.020 b 0.728±0.020 b Carcass portion%/ Breast % 25.28±2.4 c 26.19±1.9 b 28.19±1.3 a 26.66±1.7 b Thigh % 17.29±1.6 c 18.64±1.5 b 19.20±0.9 a 18.40±1.2 b Drumstick % 13.67±0.83 b 14.09±0.67 ab 14.33±0.49 a 14.36±0.38 a Wings % 12.20±0.65 a 11.92±0.34 a 10.04±0.28 b 10.60±0.33 b Neck % 4.66±0.17 b 3.95±0.13 ab 3.18±0.11 b 3.34±0.13 b Back % 19.93±0.45 a 19.19±0.28 ab 18.12±0.31 b 18.61±0.29 b T0= control T1=2% betony T2= 2% peppermint T3=1% betony +1% peppermint a – c Means within rows with different superscripts differ significantly at (P≤ 0.01) The results in Table ( 3 ) shows a significant increase (p<0.01) in total count of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total protein concentration and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in blood serum in the treatments T1, T2 and T3 as compared with control (T0). While, shows significantly induces (p<0.01) in T2, H/L ratio, cholesterol concentration and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in blood serum in the treatments T1, T2 and T3 as compared with T0. But there were non significant among all treatments in total count of white blood cells (WBCs). May return to contain peppermint powder high amounts of iron 5.08 mg / 100gm (USDA, 2012), which enters in the composition of blood hemoglobin and then in the manufacture of blood red cells (RBC) and consequently an increase in the size of blood cells volume (PCV), also peppermint contain B- complex vitamins, participated in manufacturing erythrocytes processes in bone marrow (Sturike, 1986). The reason for the high volume of blood cells related to contain peppermint powder on vitamin A and E, which has an important role in preventing the decomposition red blood cells (Erythrolysis) through their work and protection plasma membranes from the damage of anti-oxidant that occurs of oxidation stress (Coles, 1986), The high level of fibers in peppermint 21.2/100gm can increase the excretion of bile and this can decrease the cholesterol level of blood (Al-Kassie, 2009). The reason for the high concentration of protein in the treatments fed peppermint powder to the role of vitamin A and carotenes as provide protection against catabolism reactions in the body through its physiological due as antioxidant (Burton, 1989), also Mustafa et al. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 5( 2 ) 1 – 9 ,2013 6   vitamin A equality free radicals and inhibiting crash of DNA and proteins in the body (Surai et al., 2000). The low concentration of cholesterol in the blood plasma in the T1, T2 and T3 as compared with T0, which have due to the high fiber in peppermint and not contain cholesterol (0%) (USDA, 2012) which leads to reduce the absorption of diet cholesterol in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) (Nakaue et al., 1980). Peppermint leaf positively supports digestion by helping to breakdown fats and reduce bad cholesterol levels (LDL) and reduce the work load required from the liver (Gray, 1984). Table 3 . Effect of mint and betony on some whole blood and blood biochemical parameters at 42 days. treatments Traits T0 T1 T2 T3 Total RBC  (106cells/mm3)  2.96±023 c 3.21±0.25 b 3.62±0.17 a 3.25±0.20 b Total WBC (103cells/mm3) 23.32±1.9 a 22.81±1.5 a 22.75±0.9 a 22.77±0.8 a Hb (gm/100ml) 9.44±0.57 c 10.65±0.60 b 12.35±0.33 a 10.98±0.40 b PCV  % 36.2±2.45 c 37.80±2.33 b 39.85±2.0 a 38.15±1.8 b H/L  ratio  0.34±0.018 a 0.31±0.016 b 0.29±0.013 c 0.31±0.017 b Total protein (g/dL)  2.84±0.034 c 3.38±0.022 b 3.98±0.022 a 3.64±0.025 ab Cholesterol   (mg/dL) 127±3.95 a 116±3.50 b 101±2.88 c 108±3.04 bc HDL (mg/dL)  52.8±2.08 d 57.6±2.10 c 63.7±1.72 a 59.5±1.66 b LDL(mg/dL)  67.1±2.00 a 41.5±1.3 b 27.6±0.67 d 35.8±0.80 c T0= control T1=2% betony T2= 2% peppermint T3=1% betony +1% peppermint a – c Means within rows with different superscripts differ significantly at (P≤ 0.01) Non-Significant differences within rows same letters.       The results in table ( 4 ) shows significantly increases (p<0.01) in the antibodies titer of Newcastle Disease (HI), Gumboro Disease (IBD) and Infectious Bronchitis Viral (IBV) in the treatments T1, T2 and T3, also there were significantly increases (p<0.01) in the percentage of fabricius in T2 and spleen relative weight in the treatments T2 and T3 as compared with the control T0 at the age 42. Reported that herbal plants had anti stress, immune modulator properties betony and peppermint is the most medicinally valuable of all mints, with great cooling properties due to its high content of menthol is used to treat gastric and digestive disorders and nervous complaints such as tension and insomnia (Richmond and Mackley, 2000). The evidence of improving the immunity showed from the table (1) that dried peppermint and its oil treatments reduced the mortality because improving in body health. Betony and peppermint constituent have also been shown to have significant antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiplasmid activity and to potentiate the antibiotics effect (Schelz, 2006). Mustafa et al. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 5( 2 ) 1 – 9 ,2013 7   Table 4 . Effect of mint and betony in some immunological parameters at 42 days. treatments Traits T0 T1 T2 T3 HI Log 2n 4.5±0.55 c 6.0±0.60 b 7.5±0.35 a 6.5±0.50 b IBD Log 2n 3.00±0.25 c 4.0±0.15 b 5.3±0.15 a 4.5±0.20 b IBV Log 2n 2.33±0.10 c 2.75±0.15 b 3.66±0.10 a 3.33±0.15 ab fabricius relative weight % 0.189±0.025 b 0.192±0.013 ab 0.205±0.010 a 0.195±0.009 ab spleen relative weight % 0.122±0.014 b 0.119±0.010 b 0.149±0.012 a 0.140±0.010 a T0= control T1=2% betony T2= 2% peppermint T3=1% betony +1% peppermint a – c Means within rows with different superscripts differ significantly at (P≤ 0.01) REFERENCES AL-Kassie, G.A.M. 2009. Influence of two plant extracts derived from Thyme and Cinnamon on broiler performance, Pakistan Vet. J., 29(4): 169-173. Blumenthal, M. 1998. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council. Brickell, Chistopher and Trevor Cole. 2002.The American Horticural Society of plants and flowers. 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Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 5( 2 ) 1 – 9 ,2013 9   ثير استخدام البطنج والنعناع في عالئق فروج اللحم على األداء اإلنتاجي، صفات الدم واألستجابة تأ .المناعية بكر بيستون نجم الدين سامي مهدي الغني مصطفى محبوبة عبد .جمهورية العراق أربيل -جامعة صالح الدين - آلية الزراعة -قسم الثروة الحيوانية - * مستخلصال في هذه التجربة تأثير استخدام البطنج والنعناع في عالئق فروج اللحم على األداء األنتاجي درس بعمر Ross-308فرخ فروج اللحم من ساللة 360باستخدام والفحوصات الدمية واألستجابة المناعية عليقة قياسية بدون اية ( 0T معاملة السيطرة. مكررات 3معامالت و 4يوم واحد ووزعت عشوائيا الى مسحوق النعناع 2%( T2و) مسحوق البطنج المجفف% T12 ( الى المعامالت ، وأضيفت)إضافة .على التوالي) مسحوق النعناع المجفف %1+مسحوق البطنج المجفف 1%( T3و) المجفف في ) p<0.05(أن تأثير إضافة البطنج والنعناع في عالئق فروج اللحم أظهرت النتائج إرتفاعا معنويا قلب، الكبد، القانصة، المعدة والوزن النسبي لل T2يوما في المعاملة 25وزن الجسم والزيادة الوزنية بعمر يوما في 42 في وزن الجسم بعمر) p<0.01( وجراب فابريشا، آذلك وجد ارتفاع معنوي الغدية الصدر، ( أيضا في نسبة التصافي بدون األحشاء الداخلية، والوزن النسبي لـ T3و T1 ،T2المعامالت ي آفاءة التحويل الغذائي في المعامالتتحسن ف لكن وجد ،)الفخذ، الوصلة الفخذية، األجنحة والطحال T1 ،T2 وT3 انخفاض معنوي بينما وجد . يوما 42و 25بعمر)p<0.01 ( في النسبة المئوية ) p<0.01( ارتفاع معنوي ووجد. H/L، نسبة )دهن البطن، الرقبة والظهر(للهالآات، الوزن النسبي لـ ، حجم خاليا الدم المرصوصة Hb) اليحمور(وغلوبين ، الهيم(RBC)اء العَد الكلي لخاليا الدم الحمرفي )PCV ( البروتين الكلي، الكولسترول عالي الكثافة ،HDL . انخفاض معنوي بينما وجد)p<0.01 ( في مقارنة T3و T1 ،T2في المعامالت LDL)(منخفض الكثافة ال، الكولسترول والكولسترول H/Lنسبة فروق معنوية بين جميع المعامالت في العَد الكلي لخاليا الدم أي في حين لم توجد. T0بمعاملة السيطرة المعيارالحجمي الختبارالتالزن في ) p<0.01(ارتفاعا معنويا وأظهرت النتائج ). WBC( اءالبيض و مرض التهاب (IBD)) الكمبورو(، مرض التهاب آيس الجراب (HI)الدموي لحمى النيوآاسل تفوقا T2في جميع الصفات أظهرت المعاملة .T3و T1،T2الت في المعام (IBV)الشعب المعدي .على بقية معامالت التجربة . البطنج، النعناع، فروج اللحم، الصفات اإلنتاجية، الفسلجية، المناعة :الكلمات المفتاحية