id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ajst-28603	1	1	academic	academic	ADJ
ajst-28603	1	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	3	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	1	4	science	science	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	1	6	technology	technology	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	7	issn	issn	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	8	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-28603	1	9	2771	2771	NUM
ajst-28603	1	10	-	-	SYM
ajst-28603	1	11	3032	3032	NUM
ajst-28603	1	12	|	|	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	13	vol	vol	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	14	.	.	PROPN
ajst-28603	1	15	13	13	NUM
ajst-28603	1	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	1	17	no	no	INTJ
ajst-28603	1	18	.	.	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	19	3	3	NUM
ajst-28603	1	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	1	21	2024	2024	NUM
ajst-28603	1	22	118	118	NUM
ajst-28603	1	23	review	review	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	24	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	1	25	advances	advance	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	26	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	1	27	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	1	28	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	29	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	1	30	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	31	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	1	32	low‐temperature	low‐temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	33	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	34	junting	junte	VERB
ajst-28603	1	35	he1	he1	PROPN
ajst-28603	1	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	1	37	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	1	38	1school	1school	NUM
ajst-28603	1	39	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	1	40	architecture	architecture	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	41	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	1	42	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	43	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	1	44	chongqing	chongqing	PROPN
ajst-28603	1	45	university	university	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	46	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	1	47	chongqing	chongqing	PROPN
ajst-28603	1	48	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	1	49	400044	400044	NUM
ajst-28603	1	50	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	1	51	china	china	PROPN
ajst-28603	1	52	axinxingrenji1@outlook.com	axinxingrenji1@outlook.com	X
ajst-28603	1	53	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajst-28603	1	54	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-28603	1	55	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	1	56	recent	recent	ADJ
ajst-28603	1	57	years	year	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	58	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	1	59	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	60	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	1	61	continued	continue	VERB
ajst-28603	1	62	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	1	63	be	be	AUX
ajst-28603	1	64	widely	widely	ADV
ajst-28603	1	65	used	use	VERB
ajst-28603	1	66	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	1	67	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	1	68	core	core	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	69	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	70	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	1	71	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	72	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	1	73	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	74	projects	project	NOUN
ajst-28603	1	75	globally	globally	ADV
ajst-28603	1	76	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	2	1	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	2	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	2	3	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ajst-28603	2	4	advancement	advancement	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	2	6	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	7	technology	technology	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	2	9	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	10	science	science	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	2	12	there	there	PRON
ajst-28603	2	13	are	be	VERB
ajst-28603	2	14	increasing	increase	VERB
ajst-28603	2	15	demands	demand	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	16	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	2	17	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	2	18	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	2	19	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	20	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	2	21	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	2	22	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	2	24	including	include	VERB
ajst-28603	2	25	their	their	PRON
ajst-28603	2	26	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	27	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	2	28	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	2	29	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	2	30	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	31	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	2	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	3	1	however	however	ADV
ajst-28603	3	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	3	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajst-28603	3	4	experimental	experimental	ADJ
ajst-28603	3	5	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	3	6	are	be	AUX
ajst-28603	3	7	limited	limit	VERB
ajst-28603	3	8	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	3	9	time	time	NOUN
ajst-28603	3	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	3	11	cost	cost	NOUN
ajst-28603	3	12	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ajst-28603	3	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	3	14	making	make	VERB
ajst-28603	3	15	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	3	16	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ajst-28603	3	17	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	3	18	fully	fully	ADV
ajst-28603	3	19	reveal	reveal	VERB
ajst-28603	3	20	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	3	21	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	3	22	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	3	23	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	3	24	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	3	25	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	3	26	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	3	27	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	3	28	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	3	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	4	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ajst-28603	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	4	3	early	early	ADJ
ajst-28603	4	4	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	4	5	simulations	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	4	6	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	4	7	provide	provide	VERB
ajst-28603	4	8	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-28603	4	9	insights	insight	NOUN
ajst-28603	4	10	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	4	11	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-28603	4	12	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	4	13	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-28603	4	14	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	4	15	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	4	16	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	4	17	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	4	18	such	such	ADJ
ajst-28603	4	19	environments	environment	NOUN
ajst-28603	4	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	5	1	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	5	2	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	5	3	result	result	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	5	5	research	research	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	6	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	5	7	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	5	8	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	5	9	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	10	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	5	11	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	12	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	5	13	lowtemperature	lowtemperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	14	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	5	16	based	base	VERB
ajst-28603	5	17	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	5	18	digital	digital	ADJ
ajst-28603	5	19	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	20	technologies	technology	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	5	22	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	5	23	become	become	VERB
ajst-28603	5	24	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	5	25	forefront	forefront	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	26	topic	topic	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	27	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	5	28	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	5	29	field	field	NOUN
ajst-28603	5	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	6	1	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	6	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	6	3	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
ajst-28603	6	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	6	5	computational	computational	ADJ
ajst-28603	6	6	capabilities	capability	NOUN
ajst-28603	6	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	6	8	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	6	9	refinement	refinement	NOUN
ajst-28603	6	10	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	6	11	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	6	12	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	6	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	6	14	significant	significant	ADJ
ajst-28603	6	15	progress	progress	NOUN
ajst-28603	6	16	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	6	17	been	be	AUX
ajst-28603	6	18	made	make	VERB
ajst-28603	6	19	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	6	20	digital	digital	ADJ
ajst-28603	6	21	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	6	22	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-28603	6	23	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	6	24	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	6	25	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajst-28603	6	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	7	1	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	2	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	3	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	7	5	such	such	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	6	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	7	7	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	7	8	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	9	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	10	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	7	12	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	13	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	14	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	7	16	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	17	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	18	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	7	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	7	21	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	22	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	23	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	7	25	have	have	AUX
ajst-28603	7	26	become	become	VERB
ajst-28603	7	27	central	central	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	28	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	7	29	improving	improve	VERB
ajst-28603	7	30	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	7	31	reliability	reliability	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	32	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	7	33	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	34	results	result	VERB
ajst-28603	7	35	through	through	ADP
ajst-28603	7	36	more	more	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	37	precise	precise	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	38	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	39	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	7	40	efficient	efficient	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	41	computational	computational	ADJ
ajst-28603	7	42	approaches	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	7	43	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	8	1	against	against	ADP
ajst-28603	8	2	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	8	3	backdrop	backdrop	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	8	5	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	8	6	review	review	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	7	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	8	8	review	review	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	9	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	8	10	advances	advance	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	11	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	8	12	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	8	13	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	14	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	8	15	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	16	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	8	17	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	8	18	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	8	19	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	20	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	21	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	8	22	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	8	23	emerged	emerge	VERB
ajst-28603	8	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	8	25	summarizing	summarize	VERB
ajst-28603	8	26	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	8	27	latest	late	ADJ
ajst-28603	8	28	advancements	advancement	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	29	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	8	30	digital	digital	ADJ
ajst-28603	8	31	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	32	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	33	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	8	34	studying	study	VERB
ajst-28603	8	35	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	8	36	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	8	37	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	38	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	8	39	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	40	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	8	41	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	8	42	temperatures	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	43	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	8	44	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ajst-28603	8	45	current	current	ADJ
ajst-28603	8	46	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	47	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	8	48	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	8	49	exploring	explore	VERB
ajst-28603	8	50	future	future	ADJ
ajst-28603	8	51	directions	direction	NOUN
ajst-28603	8	52	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	9	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	9	2	review	review	NOUN
ajst-28603	9	3	aims	aim	VERB
ajst-28603	9	4	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	9	5	provide	provide	VERB
ajst-28603	9	6	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ajst-28603	9	7	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	9	8	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	9	9	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajst-28603	9	10	reference	reference	NOUN
ajst-28603	9	11	framework	framework	NOUN
ajst-28603	9	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	9	13	fostering	foster	VERB
ajst-28603	9	14	further	further	ADJ
ajst-28603	9	15	development	development	NOUN
ajst-28603	9	16	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	9	17	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	9	18	field	field	NOUN
ajst-28603	9	19	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	9	20	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	9	21	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajst-28603	9	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	10	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ajst-28603	10	2	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-28603	10	3	numerical	numerical	PROPN
ajst-28603	10	4	simulation	simulation	PROPN
ajst-28603	10	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	10	6	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	10	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	10	8	overview	overview	NOUN
ajst-28603	10	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	10	10	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	10	11	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	10	12	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	10	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	11	1	1	1	X
ajst-28603	11	2	.	.	X
ajst-28603	11	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ajst-28603	11	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	11	5	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-28603	11	6	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	11	7	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	11	8	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	11	9	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	11	10	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	11	11	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	11	12	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	11	13	one	one	NUM
ajst-28603	11	14	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	11	15	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	11	16	technical	technical	ADJ
ajst-28603	11	17	issues	issue	NOUN
ajst-28603	11	18	that	that	PRON
ajst-28603	11	19	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	11	20	generally	generally	ADV
ajst-28603	11	21	valued	value	VERB
ajst-28603	11	22	at	at	ADP
ajst-28603	11	23	home	home	NOUN
ajst-28603	11	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	11	25	abroad	abroad	ADV
ajst-28603	11	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	12	1	when	when	SCONJ
ajst-28603	12	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	12	3	daily	daily	ADJ
ajst-28603	12	4	average	average	ADJ
ajst-28603	12	5	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	12	6	during	during	ADP
ajst-28603	12	7	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	12	8	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-28603	12	9	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	12	10	below	below	ADP
ajst-28603	12	11	5	5	NUM
ajst-28603	12	12	℃	℃	PROPN
ajst-28603	12	13	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-28603	12	14	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	12	15	minimum	minimum	ADJ
ajst-28603	12	16	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	12	17	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	12	18	below	below	ADP
ajst-28603	12	19	-3	-3	PUNCT
ajst-28603	12	20	℃	℃	PROPN
ajst-28603	12	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	12	22	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	12	23	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	12	24	called	call	VERB
ajst-28603	12	25	lowtemperature	lowtemperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	12	26	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	12	27	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-28603	12	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	12	29	that	that	ADV
ajst-28603	12	30	is	is	ADV
ajst-28603	12	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	12	32	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	12	33	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	12	34	winter	winter	NOUN
ajst-28603	12	35	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-28603	12	36	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	12	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	13	1	according	accord	VERB
ajst-28603	13	2	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	13	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	13	4	anti	anti	ADJ
ajst-28603	13	5	-	-	ADJ
ajst-28603	13	6	freeze	freeze	ADJ
ajst-28603	13	7	theory	theory	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	8	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	13	9	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	13	11	when	when	SCONJ
ajst-28603	13	12	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	13	13	early	early	ADJ
ajst-28603	13	14	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	15	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	13	16	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	17	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	13	18	lower	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	13	19	than	than	ADP
ajst-28603	13	20	5	5	NUM
ajst-28603	13	21	mpa	mpa	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	22	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	13	23	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-28603	13	24	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	25	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	13	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	13	27	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	13	28	frozen	freeze	VERB
ajst-28603	13	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	13	30	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	13	31	physical	physical	ADJ
ajst-28603	13	32	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	13	33	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	13	34	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	35	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	13	36	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	37	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	13	38	technical	technical	ADJ
ajst-28603	13	39	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	40	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	13	41	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	42	will	will	AUX
ajst-28603	13	43	be	be	AUX
ajst-28603	13	44	deteriorated	deteriorate	VERB
ajst-28603	13	45	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	13	46	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	13	47	will	will	AUX
ajst-28603	13	48	occur	occur	VERB
ajst-28603	13	49	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	14	1	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	14	2	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	14	3	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	14	4	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	14	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	14	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	14	7	hydration	hydration	NOUN
ajst-28603	14	8	rate	rate	NOUN
ajst-28603	14	9	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	14	10	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	14	11	will	will	AUX
ajst-28603	14	12	slow	slow	VERB
ajst-28603	14	13	down	down	ADP
ajst-28603	14	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	14	15	thus	thus	ADV
ajst-28603	14	16	affecting	affect	VERB
ajst-28603	14	17	its	its	PRON
ajst-28603	14	18	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	14	19	development	development	NOUN
ajst-28603	14	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	15	1	if	if	SCONJ
ajst-28603	15	2	fresh	fresh	ADJ
ajst-28603	15	3	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	15	4	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	15	5	frozen	freeze	VERB
ajst-28603	15	6	at	at	ADP
ajst-28603	15	7	temperatures	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	15	8	around	around	ADP
ajst-28603	15	9	-10	-10	NOUN
ajst-28603	15	10	°	°	NOUN
ajst-28603	15	11	c	c	NOUN
ajst-28603	15	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	15	13	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	15	14	hydration	hydration	NOUN
ajst-28603	15	15	reaction	reaction	NOUN
ajst-28603	15	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	15	17	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	15	18	development	development	NOUN
ajst-28603	15	19	will	will	AUX
ajst-28603	15	20	stop	stop	VERB
ajst-28603	15	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	16	1	if	if	SCONJ
ajst-28603	16	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	16	3	tensile	tensile	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	4	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	16	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	16	7	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	8	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	16	9	not	not	PART
ajst-28603	16	10	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
ajst-28603	16	11	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	16	12	resist	resist	VERB
ajst-28603	16	13	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	16	14	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	15	force	force	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	16	caused	cause	VERB
ajst-28603	16	17	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	16	18	freezing	freeze	VERB
ajst-28603	16	19	after	after	SCONJ
ajst-28603	16	20	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	16	21	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	16	22	set	set	VERB
ajst-28603	16	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	16	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	16	25	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	16	26	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	16	27	affected	affect	VERB
ajst-28603	16	28	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	16	29	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	16	30	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	16	32	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	16	33	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	34	caused	cause	VERB
ajst-28603	16	35	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	16	36	freezing	freezing	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	37	will	will	AUX
ajst-28603	16	38	cause	cause	VERB
ajst-28603	16	39	irrecoverable	irrecoverable	ADJ
ajst-28603	16	40	irregular	irregular	ADJ
ajst-28603	16	41	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	42	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	16	43	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	44	loss	loss	NOUN
ajst-28603	16	45	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	17	1	frost	frost	NOUN
ajst-28603	17	2	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	17	3	within	within	ADP
ajst-28603	17	4	24	24	NUM
ajst-28603	17	5	hours	hour	NOUN
ajst-28603	17	6	after	after	SCONJ
ajst-28603	17	7	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	17	8	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	17	9	poured	pour	VERB
ajst-28603	17	10	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	17	11	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajst-28603	17	12	its	its	PRON
ajst-28603	17	13	28	28	NUM
ajst-28603	17	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	17	15	day	day	NOUN
ajst-28603	17	16	compressive	compressive	ADJ
ajst-28603	17	17	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	17	18	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	17	19	approximately	approximately	ADV
ajst-28603	17	20	50	50	NUM
ajst-28603	17	21	%	%	NOUN
ajst-28603	17	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	17	23	while	while	SCONJ
ajst-28603	17	24	also	also	ADV
ajst-28603	17	25	causing	cause	VERB
ajst-28603	17	26	surface	surface	NOUN
ajst-28603	17	27	spalling	spalling	NOUN
ajst-28603	17	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	17	29	reduced	reduced	ADJ
ajst-28603	17	30	durability	durability	NOUN
ajst-28603	17	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	18	1	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	18	2	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	18	3	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	18	4	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	18	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	18	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	18	7	surface	surface	NOUN
ajst-28603	18	8	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	18	9	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	18	10	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	18	11	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	18	12	structure	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	18	13	decreases	decrease	VERB
ajst-28603	18	14	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajst-28603	18	15	faster	fast	ADV
ajst-28603	18	16	than	than	ADP
ajst-28603	18	17	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	18	18	interior	interior	NOUN
ajst-28603	18	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	18	20	resulting	result	VERB
ajst-28603	18	21	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	18	22	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	18	23	large	large	ADJ
ajst-28603	18	24	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	18	25	gradient	gradient	NOUN
ajst-28603	18	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	18	27	resulting	result	VERB
ajst-28603	18	28	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	18	29	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	18	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	19	1	if	if	SCONJ
ajst-28603	19	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	19	3	tensile	tensile	NOUN
ajst-28603	19	4	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	19	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	19	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	19	7	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	19	8	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	19	9	not	not	PART
ajst-28603	19	10	enough	enough	ADJ
ajst-28603	19	11	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	19	12	resist	resist	VERB
ajst-28603	19	13	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	19	14	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	19	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	19	16	irregular	irregular	ADJ
ajst-28603	19	17	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	19	18	will	will	AUX
ajst-28603	19	19	appear	appear	VERB
ajst-28603	19	20	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	19	21	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	19	22	surface	surface	NOUN
ajst-28603	19	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	20	1	most	most	ADJ
ajst-28603	20	2	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	20	3	these	these	DET
ajst-28603	20	4	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	20	5	are	be	AUX
ajst-28603	20	6	recoverable	recoverable	ADJ
ajst-28603	20	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	20	8	but	but	CCONJ
ajst-28603	20	9	they	they	PRON
ajst-28603	20	10	may	may	AUX
ajst-28603	20	11	gradually	gradually	ADV
ajst-28603	20	12	expand	expand	VERB
ajst-28603	20	13	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	20	14	load	load	NOUN
ajst-28603	20	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	20	16	become	become	VERB
ajst-28603	20	17	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	20	18	channel	channel	NOUN
ajst-28603	20	19	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	20	20	corrosive	corrosive	ADJ
ajst-28603	20	21	substances	substance	NOUN
ajst-28603	20	22	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	20	23	enter	enter	VERB
ajst-28603	20	24	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	20	25	interior	interior	NOUN
ajst-28603	20	26	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	20	27	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	20	28	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	20	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	21	1	this	this	PRON
ajst-28603	21	2	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajst-28603	21	3	reduces	reduce	VERB
ajst-28603	21	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	21	5	long	long	ADJ
ajst-28603	21	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	21	7	term	term	NOUN
ajst-28603	21	8	durability	durability	NOUN
ajst-28603	21	9	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	21	10	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	21	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	22	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	22	2	frost	frost	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	3	durability	durability	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	22	5	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	6	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	22	7	related	relate	VERB
ajst-28603	22	8	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	22	9	its	its	PRON
ajst-28603	22	10	age	age	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	11	at	at	ADP
ajst-28603	22	12	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	22	13	first	first	ADJ
ajst-28603	22	14	freeze	freeze	ADJ
ajst-28603	22	15	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	22	16	thaw	thaw	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	17	cycle	cycle	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	22	19	but	but	CCONJ
ajst-28603	22	20	there	there	PRON
ajst-28603	22	21	is	be	VERB
ajst-28603	22	22	no	no	DET
ajst-28603	22	23	linear	linear	ADJ
ajst-28603	22	24	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	25	between	between	ADP
ajst-28603	22	26	frost	frost	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	27	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	28	at	at	ADP
ajst-28603	22	29	early	early	ADJ
ajst-28603	22	30	ages	age	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	31	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	22	32	frost	frost	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	33	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	34	after	after	ADP
ajst-28603	22	35	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ajst-28603	22	36	freeze	freeze	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	37	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	22	38	thaw	thaw	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	39	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ajst-28603	22	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	23	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	23	2	key	key	ADJ
ajst-28603	23	3	factors	factor	NOUN
ajst-28603	23	4	that	that	PRON
ajst-28603	23	5	really	really	ADV
ajst-28603	23	6	affect	affect	VERB
ajst-28603	23	7	frost	frost	NOUN
ajst-28603	23	8	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ajst-28603	23	9	are	be	AUX
ajst-28603	23	10	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	23	11	tensile	tensile	NOUN
ajst-28603	23	12	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	23	13	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	23	14	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	23	15	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	23	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	23	17	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	23	18	degree	degree	NOUN
ajst-28603	23	19	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	23	20	saturation	saturation	NOUN
ajst-28603	23	21	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	23	22	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	23	23	pores	pore	NOUN
ajst-28603	23	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	24	1	if	if	SCONJ
ajst-28603	24	2	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	3	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	24	4	exposed	expose	VERB
ajst-28603	24	5	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	24	6	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	24	7	temperatures	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	8	during	during	ADP
ajst-28603	24	9	its	its	PRON
ajst-28603	24	10	early	early	ADJ
ajst-28603	24	11	age	age	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	24	13	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	24	14	single	single	ADJ
ajst-28603	24	15	freeze	freeze	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	16	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	24	17	thaw	thaw	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	18	cycle	cycle	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	19	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	24	20	cause	cause	VERB
ajst-28603	24	21	irreversible	irreversible	ADJ
ajst-28603	24	22	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	23	degradation	degradation	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	24	due	due	ADP
ajst-28603	24	25	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	24	26	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ajst-28603	24	27	tensile	tensile	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	28	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	24	30	highly	highly	ADV
ajst-28603	24	31	saturated	saturate	VERB
ajst-28603	24	32	pores	pore	NOUN
ajst-28603	24	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	25	1	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	25	2	cold	cold	ADJ
ajst-28603	25	3	areas	area	NOUN
ajst-28603	25	4	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-28603	25	5	harsh	harsh	ADJ
ajst-28603	25	6	environments	environment	NOUN
ajst-28603	25	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	25	8	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	25	9	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	25	10	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ajst-28603	25	11	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	25	12	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-28603	25	13	that	that	SCONJ
ajst-28603	25	14	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	25	15	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	25	16	structure	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	25	17	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	25	18	still	still	ADV
ajst-28603	25	19	work	work	VERB
ajst-28603	25	20	stably	stably	ADV
ajst-28603	25	21	at	at	ADP
ajst-28603	25	22	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	25	23	temperatures	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	25	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	25	25	so	so	CCONJ
ajst-28603	25	26	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	25	27	study	study	NOUN
ajst-28603	25	28	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	25	29	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	25	30	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	25	31	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-28603	25	32	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	25	33	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	25	34	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	25	35	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	25	36	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	25	37	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	25	38	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	25	39	become	become	VERB
ajst-28603	25	40	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajst-28603	25	41	important	important	ADJ
ajst-28603	25	42	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	26	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	26	2	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	26	3	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	26	4	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	26	5	at	at	ADP
ajst-28603	26	6	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	26	7	temperatures	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	26	8	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	26	9	directly	directly	ADV
ajst-28603	26	10	related	relate	VERB
ajst-28603	26	11	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	26	12	its	its	PRON
ajst-28603	26	13	application	application	NOUN
ajst-28603	26	14	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	26	15	such	such	ADJ
ajst-28603	26	16	environments	environment	NOUN
ajst-28603	26	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	26	18	especially	especially	ADV
ajst-28603	26	19	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	26	20	polar	polar	ADJ
ajst-28603	26	21	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-28603	26	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	26	23	bridges	bridge	NOUN
ajst-28603	26	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	26	25	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-28603	26	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	26	27	other	other	ADJ
ajst-28603	26	28	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajst-28603	26	29	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	26	30	cold	cold	ADJ
ajst-28603	26	31	regions	region	NOUN
ajst-28603	26	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	27	1	2	2	X
ajst-28603	27	2	.	.	X
ajst-28603	27	3	survey	survey	NOUN
ajst-28603	27	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	27	5	contemporary	contemporary	PROPN
ajst-28603	27	6	numerical	numerical	PROPN
ajst-28603	27	7	approaches	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	27	8	2.1	2.1	NUM
ajst-28603	27	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	28	1	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	28	2	element	element	PROPN
ajst-28603	28	3	modeling	model	VERB
ajst-28603	28	4	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	28	5	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	28	6	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	28	7	built	build	VERB
ajst-28603	28	8	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	28	9	common	common	ADJ
ajst-28603	28	10	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-28603	28	11	where	where	SCONJ
ajst-28603	28	12	we	we	PRON
ajst-28603	28	13	break	break	VERB
ajst-28603	28	14	down	down	ADP
ajst-28603	28	15	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	28	16	area	area	NOUN
ajst-28603	28	17	into	into	ADP
ajst-28603	28	18	different	different	ADJ
ajst-28603	28	19	parts	part	NOUN
ajst-28603	28	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	28	21	use	use	VERB
ajst-28603	28	22	shape	shape	NOUN
ajst-28603	28	23	functions	function	NOUN
ajst-28603	28	24	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	28	25	estimate	estimate	VERB
ajst-28603	28	26	how	how	SCONJ
ajst-28603	28	27	values	value	NOUN
ajst-28603	28	28	change	change	VERB
ajst-28603	28	29	between	between	ADP
ajst-28603	28	30	points	point	NOUN
ajst-28603	28	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	29	1	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	29	2	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	29	3	regular	regular	ADJ
ajst-28603	29	4	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajst-28603	29	5	problem	problem	NOUN
ajst-28603	29	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	29	7	we	we	PRON
ajst-28603	29	8	define	define	VERB
ajst-28603	29	9	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	29	10	main	main	ADJ
ajst-28603	29	11	equations	equation	NOUN
ajst-28603	29	12	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	29	13	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	29	14	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	29	15	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	29	16	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	29	17	putting	put	VERB
ajst-28603	29	18	together	together	ADV
ajst-28603	29	19	different	different	ADJ
ajst-28603	29	20	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	29	21	like	like	ADP
ajst-28603	29	22	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	29	23	overall	overall	ADJ
ajst-28603	29	24	stiffness	stiffness	ADJ
ajst-28603	29	25	matrix	matrix	NOUN
ajst-28603	29	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	29	27	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	29	28	mass	mass	ADJ
ajst-28603	29	29	matrix	matrix	NOUN
ajst-28603	29	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	29	31	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	29	32	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	29	33	force	force	NOUN
ajst-28603	29	34	vector	vector	NOUN
ajst-28603	29	35	from	from	ADP
ajst-28603	29	36	each	each	DET
ajst-28603	29	37	part	part	NOUN
ajst-28603	29	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	30	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ajst-28603	30	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	30	3	we	we	PRON
ajst-28603	30	4	figure	figure	VERB
ajst-28603	30	5	out	out	ADP
ajst-28603	30	6	how	how	SCONJ
ajst-28603	30	7	stiff	stiff	ADJ
ajst-28603	30	8	each	each	DET
ajst-28603	30	9	part	part	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	10	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	30	11	compared	compare	VERB
ajst-28603	30	12	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	30	13	how	how	SCONJ
ajst-28603	30	14	flexible	flexible	ADJ
ajst-28603	30	15	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	30	16	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	30	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	30	18	showing	show	VERB
ajst-28603	30	19	how	how	SCONJ
ajst-28603	30	20	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	30	21	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	22	behaves	behave	VERB
ajst-28603	30	23	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	30	24	different	different	ADJ
ajst-28603	30	25	directions	direction	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	26	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	30	27	you	you	PRON
ajst-28603	30	28	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	30	29	pick	pick	VERB
ajst-28603	30	30	2d	2d	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	31	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-28603	30	32	3d	3d	NUM
ajst-28603	30	33	simulations	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	34	based	base	VERB
ajst-28603	30	35	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	30	36	what	what	PRON
ajst-28603	30	37	you	you	PRON
ajst-28603	30	38	need).[3	need).[3	PROPN
ajst-28603	30	39	]	]	X
ajst-28603	30	40	119	119	NUM
ajst-28603	30	41	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	30	42	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	43	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	44	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	30	45	fea	fea	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	46	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	30	47	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	30	48	model	model	VERB
ajst-28603	30	49	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	30	50	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	51	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	30	52	simulating	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	30	53	load	load	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	54	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	30	55	induced	induce	VERB
ajst-28603	30	56	cracking	cracking	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	57	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	30	58	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ajst-28603	30	59	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	30	60	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	61	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	30	62	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	30	63	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	64	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	30	65	rc	rc	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	66	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	30	67	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	30	68	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	31	1	performing	perform	VERB
ajst-28603	31	2	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	31	3	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	5	involves	involve	VERB
ajst-28603	31	6	employing	employ	VERB
ajst-28603	31	7	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	31	8	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	9	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	10	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	31	11	replicate	replicate	VERB
ajst-28603	31	12	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	31	13	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	31	15	strain	strain	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	16	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	17	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	31	18	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	19	subjected	subject	VERB
ajst-28603	31	20	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	31	21	tension	tension	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	31	23	compression	compression	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	31	25	encompassing	encompass	VERB
ajst-28603	31	26	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	27	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	31	28	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	29	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-28603	31	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	32	1	these	these	DET
ajst-28603	32	2	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	32	3	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	32	4	generate	generate	VERB
ajst-28603	32	5	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	32	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	32	7	strain	strain	NOUN
ajst-28603	32	8	curves	curve	NOUN
ajst-28603	32	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	32	10	take	take	VERB
ajst-28603	32	11	into	into	ADP
ajst-28603	32	12	account	account	NOUN
ajst-28603	32	13	strain	strain	NOUN
ajst-28603	32	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	32	15	softening	soften	VERB
ajst-28603	32	16	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	32	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	33	1	leveraging	leverage	VERB
ajst-28603	33	2	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	33	3	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	33	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	33	5	proves	prove	VERB
ajst-28603	33	6	invaluable	invaluable	ADJ
ajst-28603	33	7	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	33	8	assessing	assess	VERB
ajst-28603	33	9	current	current	ADJ
ajst-28603	33	10	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	33	11	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	33	12	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	33	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	33	14	especially	especially	ADV
ajst-28603	33	15	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	33	16	cases	case	NOUN
ajst-28603	33	17	where	where	SCONJ
ajst-28603	33	18	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajst-28603	33	19	test	test	NOUN
ajst-28603	33	20	results	result	NOUN
ajst-28603	33	21	are	be	AUX
ajst-28603	33	22	lacking	lack	VERB
ajst-28603	33	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	34	1	this	this	PRON
ajst-28603	34	2	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	34	3	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajst-28603	34	4	pertinent	pertinent	ADJ
ajst-28603	34	5	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	34	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	34	7	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	34	8	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	34	9	plastic	plastic	ADJ
ajst-28603	34	10	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	34	11	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	34	12	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	34	13	-	-	ADJ
ajst-28603	34	14	element	element	ADJ
ajst-28603	34	15	applications	application	NOUN
ajst-28603	34	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	35	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ajst-28603	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	35	3	fea	fea	PROPN
ajst-28603	35	4	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	35	5	be	be	AUX
ajst-28603	35	6	used	use	VERB
ajst-28603	35	7	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	35	8	analyze	analyze	VERB
ajst-28603	35	9	rc	rc	PROPN
ajst-28603	35	10	shell	shell	PROPN
ajst-28603	35	11	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	35	12	through	through	ADP
ajst-28603	35	13	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	35	14	layered	layered	ADJ
ajst-28603	35	15	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	35	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	35	17	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	35	18	threedimensional	threedimensional	ADJ
ajst-28603	35	19	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	35	20	yield	yield	NOUN
ajst-28603	35	21	function	function	NOUN
ajst-28603	35	22	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	35	23	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	35	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	36	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	36	2	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	3	ensures	ensure	VERB
ajst-28603	36	4	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	36	6	convergence	convergence	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	7	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	8	even	even	ADV
ajst-28603	36	9	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	36	10	coarse	coarse	ADJ
ajst-28603	36	11	meshes	mesh	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	36	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	36	14	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	36	15	be	be	AUX
ajst-28603	36	16	extended	extend	VERB
ajst-28603	36	17	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	36	18	model	model	VERB
ajst-28603	36	19	other	other	ADJ
ajst-28603	36	20	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	21	layers	layer	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	36	23	such	such	ADJ
ajst-28603	36	24	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	36	25	reinforcements	reinforcement	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	26	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	36	27	retrofit	retrofit	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	28	purposes.[4	purposes.[4	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	29	]	]	X
ajst-28603	36	30	an	an	DET
ajst-28603	36	31	efficient	efficient	ADJ
ajst-28603	36	32	elastoplastic	elastoplastic	ADJ
ajst-28603	36	33	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	34	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	36	35	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	36	36	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	37	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	36	38	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	36	39	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	36	40	shells	shell	NOUN
ajst-28603	36	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	37	1	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	37	2	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	37	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	37	4	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	37	5	also	also	ADV
ajst-28603	37	6	model	model	VERB
ajst-28603	37	7	3d	3d	PROPN
ajst-28603	37	8	printed	print	VERB
ajst-28603	37	9	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	37	10	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	37	11	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	37	12	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	37	13	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	37	14	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	37	15	reproduce	reproduce	VERB
ajst-28603	37	16	experimental	experimental	ADJ
ajst-28603	37	17	tests	test	NOUN
ajst-28603	37	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	37	19	allowing	allow	VERB
ajst-28603	37	20	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	37	21	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	37	22	printing	print	VERB
ajst-28603	37	23	speed	speed	NOUN
ajst-28603	37	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	37	25	its	its	PRON
ajst-28603	37	26	effect	effect	NOUN
ajst-28603	37	27	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	37	28	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	37	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	37	30	displacement	displacement	NOUN
ajst-28603	37	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	38	1	utilizing	utilize	VERB
ajst-28603	38	2	computational	computational	ADJ
ajst-28603	38	3	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	38	4	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	38	5	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ajst-28603	38	6	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	38	7	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	38	8	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	38	9	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-28603	38	10	composites	composite	NOUN
ajst-28603	38	11	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	38	12	3d	3d	NUM
ajst-28603	38	13	printing	printing	NOUN
ajst-28603	38	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	39	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ajst-28603	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	39	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	39	4	integration	integration	NOUN
ajst-28603	39	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	39	6	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	39	7	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	39	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	39	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	39	10	fea	fea	NOUN
ajst-28603	39	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	39	12	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	39	13	high	high	ADJ
ajst-28603	39	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	39	15	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-28603	39	16	computing	computing	NOUN
ajst-28603	39	17	enables	enable	VERB
ajst-28603	39	18	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	39	19	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	39	20	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	39	21	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ajst-28603	39	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	39	23	intricate	intricate	ADJ
ajst-28603	39	24	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-28603	39	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	39	26	considering	consider	VERB
ajst-28603	39	27	nonlinear	nonlinear	ADJ
ajst-28603	39	28	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	39	29	deformations	deformation	NOUN
ajst-28603	39	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	40	1	this	this	PRON
ajst-28603	40	2	encompasses	encompass	VERB
ajst-28603	40	3	modeling	model	VERB
ajst-28603	40	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	40	5	failure	failure	NOUN
ajst-28603	40	6	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	40	7	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	40	8	components	component	NOUN
ajst-28603	40	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	40	10	treating	treat	VERB
ajst-28603	40	11	nodal	nodal	ADJ
ajst-28603	40	12	reactions	reaction	NOUN
ajst-28603	40	13	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	40	14	external	external	ADJ
ajst-28603	40	15	loads	load	NOUN
ajst-28603	40	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	41	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	41	2	suggested	suggest	VERB
ajst-28603	41	3	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	4	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	41	5	applicable	applicable	ADJ
ajst-28603	41	6	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	41	7	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	41	8	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	41	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	10	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	41	11	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	41	12	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	41	13	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	41	15	showcasing	showcase	VERB
ajst-28603	41	16	distinctive	distinctive	ADJ
ajst-28603	41	17	features	feature	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	18	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	41	19	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	41	20	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	21	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	41	22	such	such	ADJ
ajst-28603	41	23	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	24	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	41	25	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	41	26	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	41	27	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	28	method.[5	method.[5	ADV
ajst-28603	41	29	]	]	X
ajst-28603	41	30	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	41	31	prediction	prediction	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	32	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	41	33	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	41	34	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	41	35	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	36	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	37	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	41	38	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	41	39	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	40	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	41	involves	involve	VERB
ajst-28603	41	42	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
ajst-28603	41	43	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	41	44	nonlinear	nonlinear	ADJ
ajst-28603	41	45	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	46	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	41	47	steel	steel	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	48	bars	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	49	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	41	50	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	41	51	deformation	deformation	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	52	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	41	53	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	41	54	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	42	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	42	2	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	42	3	allows	allow	VERB
ajst-28603	42	4	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	42	5	forecasting	forecast	VERB
ajst-28603	42	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	42	7	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-28603	42	8	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	42	9	these	these	DET
ajst-28603	42	10	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	42	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	42	12	enables	enable	VERB
ajst-28603	42	13	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ajst-28603	42	14	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	42	15	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	42	16	results	result	NOUN
ajst-28603	42	17	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	42	18	experimental	experimental	ADJ
ajst-28603	42	19	data	datum	NOUN
ajst-28603	42	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	43	1	figure	figure	NOUN
ajst-28603	43	2	1	1	NUM
ajst-28603	43	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	44	1	xie	xie	PROPN
ajst-28603	44	2	's	's	PART
ajst-28603	44	3	numerical	numerical	PROPN
ajst-28603	44	4	model	model	PROPN
ajst-28603	44	5	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	45	1	xie	xie	PROPN
ajst-28603	45	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	45	3	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
ajst-28603	45	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajst-28603	45	5	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	45	6	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	45	7	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	45	8	modeling	model	VERB
ajst-28603	45	9	study	study	NOUN
ajst-28603	45	10	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	45	11	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	45	12	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	45	13	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-28603	45	14	between	between	ADP
ajst-28603	45	15	cfrp	cfrp	NOUN
ajst-28603	45	16	bars	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	45	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	45	18	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	45	19	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	45	20	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	45	21	temperatures	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	45	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	46	1	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	46	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	46	3	study	study	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	46	5	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	46	6	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	46	7	specimens	specimen	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	8	measured	measure	VERB
ajst-28603	46	9	150	150	NUM
ajst-28603	46	10	mm	mm	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	11	×	×	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	12	150	150	NUM
ajst-28603	46	13	mm	mm	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	14	×	×	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	15	110	110	NUM
ajst-28603	46	16	mm	mm	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	46	18	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	46	19	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	46	20	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	21	length	length	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	22	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	46	23	25.0	25.0	NUM
ajst-28603	46	24	mm	mm	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	25	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	46	26	equivalent	equivalent	ADJ
ajst-28603	46	27	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	46	28	5	5	NUM
ajst-28603	46	29	times	time	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	30	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	46	31	diameter	diameter	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	32	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	46	33	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	46	34	cfrp	cfrp	PROPN
ajst-28603	46	35	bar	bar	PROPN
ajst-28603	46	36	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	46	37	between	between	ADP
ajst-28603	46	38	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	46	39	cfrp	cfrp	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	40	bar	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	41	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	46	42	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	46	43	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	47	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	47	2	rib	rib	NOUN
ajst-28603	47	3	width	width	NOUN
ajst-28603	47	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	47	5	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	47	6	cfrp	cfrp	NOUN
ajst-28603	47	7	bar	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	47	8	was	be	AUX
ajst-28603	47	9	9.0	9.0	NUM
ajst-28603	47	10	mm	mm	NOUN
ajst-28603	47	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	47	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	47	13	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	47	14	rib	rib	NOUN
ajst-28603	47	15	spacing	spacing	NOUN
ajst-28603	47	16	was	be	AUX
ajst-28603	47	17	4.0	4.0	NUM
ajst-28603	47	18	mm	mm	NOUN
ajst-28603	47	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	48	1	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	48	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	48	3	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	48	4	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	5	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	48	7	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	48	8	cfrp	cfrp	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	9	bar	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	10	was	be	AUX
ajst-28603	48	11	modeled	model	VERB
ajst-28603	48	12	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	48	13	detail	detail	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	48	15	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	48	16	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	48	17	actual	actual	ADJ
ajst-28603	48	18	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	19	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	48	20	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	48	21	surface	surface	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	22	transverse	transverse	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	23	ribs	rib	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	24	shown	show	VERB
ajst-28603	48	25	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	48	26	figure	figure	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	27	2	2	NUM
ajst-28603	48	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	48	29	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	48	30	save	save	VERB
ajst-28603	48	31	computational	computational	ADJ
ajst-28603	48	32	time	time	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	33	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	48	34	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	48	35	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	48	36	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	37	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	38	divided	divide	VERB
ajst-28603	48	39	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	48	40	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	41	into	into	ADP
ajst-28603	48	42	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	48	43	core	core	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	44	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	45	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	48	46	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	48	47	peripheral	peripheral	ADJ
ajst-28603	48	48	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	48	49	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	49	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	49	2	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	49	3	core	core	NOUN
ajst-28603	49	4	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	49	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	49	6	cfrp	cfrp	PROPN
ajst-28603	49	7	bar	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	49	8	were	be	AUX
ajst-28603	49	9	meshed	mesh	VERB
ajst-28603	49	10	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	49	11	ten	ten	NUM
ajst-28603	49	12	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	49	13	node	node	ADJ
ajst-28603	49	14	modified	modify	VERB
ajst-28603	49	15	quadratic	quadratic	ADJ
ajst-28603	49	16	tetrahedral	tetrahedral	ADJ
ajst-28603	49	17	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	49	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	49	19	while	while	SCONJ
ajst-28603	49	20	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	49	21	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	49	22	peripheral	peripheral	ADJ
ajst-28603	49	23	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	49	24	was	be	AUX
ajst-28603	49	25	meshed	mesh	VERB
ajst-28603	49	26	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	49	27	eight	eight	NUM
ajst-28603	49	28	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	49	29	node	node	ADJ
ajst-28603	49	30	linear	linear	ADJ
ajst-28603	49	31	hexahedral	hexahedral	ADJ
ajst-28603	49	32	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	49	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	50	1	after	after	ADP
ajst-28603	50	2	conducting	conduct	VERB
ajst-28603	50	3	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	50	4	mesh	mesh	NOUN
ajst-28603	50	5	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
ajst-28603	50	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	50	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	50	8	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	50	9	mesh	mesh	NOUN
ajst-28603	50	10	size	size	NOUN
ajst-28603	50	11	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	50	12	3	3	NUM
ajst-28603	50	13	mm	mm	NOUN
ajst-28603	50	14	was	be	AUX
ajst-28603	50	15	chosen	choose	VERB
ajst-28603	50	16	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	50	17	both	both	CCONJ
ajst-28603	50	18	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	50	19	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	50	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	50	21	cfrp	cfrp	NOUN
ajst-28603	50	22	bar	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	50	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	50	24	balancing	balance	VERB
ajst-28603	50	25	computational	computational	ADJ
ajst-28603	50	26	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajst-28603	50	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	50	28	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
ajst-28603	50	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	51	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	51	2	experimental	experimental	ADJ
ajst-28603	51	3	results	result	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	4	showed	show	VERB
ajst-28603	51	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajst-28603	51	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	51	7	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	51	8	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	51	10	which	which	PRON
ajst-28603	51	11	considered	consider	VERB
ajst-28603	51	12	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	51	13	surface	surface	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	14	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	15	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	51	16	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	51	17	cfrp	cfrp	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	18	bar	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	51	20	effectively	effectively	ADV
ajst-28603	51	21	represented	represent	VERB
ajst-28603	51	22	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	51	23	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	24	transfer	transfer	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	25	between	between	ADP
ajst-28603	51	26	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	51	27	cfrp	cfrp	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	28	bar	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	51	30	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	51	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	52	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ajst-28603	52	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	52	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	52	4	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	5	accurately	accurately	ADV
ajst-28603	52	6	reflected	reflect	VERB
ajst-28603	52	7	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	52	8	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	9	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	52	11	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	12	failure	failure	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	13	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	14	between	between	ADP
ajst-28603	52	15	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	52	16	cfrp	cfrp	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	17	bar	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	52	19	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	20	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	52	21	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	52	22	temperatures.[20	temperatures.[20	PROPN
ajst-28603	52	23	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	52	24	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	52	25	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	26	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	52	28	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajst-28603	52	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	52	30	offers	offer	VERB
ajst-28603	52	31	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	52	32	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajst-28603	52	33	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	34	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	52	35	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	36	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	52	37	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ajst-28603	52	38	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	52	39	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	40	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	52	41	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	52	42	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	52	43	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	52	44	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
ajst-28603	53	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	3	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	4	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	5	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	53	7	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	8	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	9	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	11	dem	dem	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	13	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	53	14	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	53	15	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	16	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	17	technique	technique	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	18	widely	widely	ADV
ajst-28603	53	19	used	use	VERB
ajst-28603	53	20	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	53	21	fields	field	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	22	such	such	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	23	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	53	24	granular	granular	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	25	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	53	27	geotechnical	geotechnical	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	28	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	30	representing	represent	VERB
ajst-28603	53	31	solid	solid	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	32	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	33	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	53	34	numerous	numerous	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	35	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	36	particles	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	37	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	38	each	each	PRON
ajst-28603	53	39	possessing	possess	VERB
ajst-28603	53	40	its	its	PRON
ajst-28603	53	41	unique	unique	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	42	motion	motion	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	43	state	state	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	44	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	53	45	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	46	attributes.[6	attributes.[6	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	47	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	48	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	53	49	modeling	model	VERB
ajst-28603	53	50	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	53	51	interactions	interaction	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	52	among	among	ADP
ajst-28603	53	53	particles	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	54	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	55	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
ajst-28603	53	56	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	57	like	like	ADP
ajst-28603	53	58	collision	collision	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	59	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	60	friction	friction	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	61	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	62	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	53	63	contact	contact	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	64	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	65	dem	dem	PROPN
ajst-28603	53	66	investigates	investigate	VERB
ajst-28603	53	67	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	68	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	69	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	53	70	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	71	loading	loading	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	72	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	53	73	revealing	reveal	VERB
ajst-28603	53	74	both	both	DET
ajst-28603	53	75	microscopic	microscopic	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	76	motion	motion	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	77	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	53	78	macroscopic	macroscopic	ADJ
ajst-28603	53	79	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	80	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	53	81	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	53	82	particle	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	83	system	system	NOUN
ajst-28603	53	84	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	54	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	54	2	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	3	provides	provide	VERB
ajst-28603	54	4	detailed	detailed	ADJ
ajst-28603	54	5	insights	insight	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	6	into	into	ADP
ajst-28603	54	7	complex	complex	ADJ
ajst-28603	54	8	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	9	such	such	ADJ
ajst-28603	54	10	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	54	11	internal	internal	ADJ
ajst-28603	54	12	structure	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	54	14	deformation	deformation	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	54	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	54	17	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	18	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	54	19	particle	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	20	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	54	22	thereby	thereby	ADV
ajst-28603	54	23	aiding	aid	VERB
ajst-28603	54	24	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	54	25	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	54	26	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	27	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	54	28	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	29	design	design	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	30	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	54	31	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	54	32	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	33	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	54	34	material	material	ADJ
ajst-28603	54	35	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	54	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	55	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ajst-28603	55	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	55	3	dem	dem	PROPN
ajst-28603	55	4	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	55	5	applicable	applicable	ADJ
ajst-28603	55	6	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	55	7	modeling	model	VERB
ajst-28603	55	8	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	55	9	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	55	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	55	11	accurately	accurately	ADV
ajst-28603	55	12	assessing	assess	VERB
ajst-28603	55	13	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	55	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	55	15	simulating	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	55	16	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	55	17	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ajst-28603	55	18	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	55	19	non	non	ADJ
ajst-28603	55	20	-	-	ADJ
ajst-28603	55	21	reinforced	reinforced	ADJ
ajst-28603	55	22	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	55	23	flexural	flexural	ADJ
ajst-28603	55	24	testing	testing	NOUN
ajst-28603	55	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	56	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	56	2	capability	capability	NOUN
ajst-28603	56	3	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	56	4	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ajst-28603	56	5	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	56	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	56	7	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	56	8	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	56	9	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	56	10	120	120	NUM
ajst-28603	56	11	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	56	12	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	56	13	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	56	14	simulate	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	56	15	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	56	16	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	56	17	four	four	NUM
ajst-28603	56	18	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	56	19	point	point	NOUN
ajst-28603	56	20	flexural	flexural	ADJ
ajst-28603	56	21	test	test	NOUN
ajst-28603	56	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	56	23	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	56	24	showcasing	showcase	VERB
ajst-28603	56	25	its	its	PRON
ajst-28603	56	26	potential	potential	NOUN
ajst-28603	56	27	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	56	28	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ajst-28603	56	29	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	56	30	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	56	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	57	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ajst-28603	57	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	57	3	dem	dem	PROPN
ajst-28603	57	4	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	57	5	been	be	AUX
ajst-28603	57	6	employed	employ	VERB
ajst-28603	57	7	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	57	8	unveil	unveil	VERB
ajst-28603	57	9	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	57	10	interplay	interplay	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	11	between	between	ADP
ajst-28603	57	12	pore	pore	ADJ
ajst-28603	57	13	structure	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	57	15	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	16	slurry	slurry	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	17	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	57	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	57	20	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	57	21	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	22	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	57	23	foamed	foamed	ADJ
ajst-28603	57	24	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	57	26	as	as	SCONJ
ajst-28603	57	27	evidenced	evidence	VERB
ajst-28603	57	28	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	57	29	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	57	30	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	57	31	experimental	experimental	ADJ
ajst-28603	57	32	study	study	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	57	34	3	3	NUM
ajst-28603	57	35	-	-	SYM
ajst-28603	57	36	d	d	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	37	meso	meso	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	38	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	57	39	scale	scale	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	40	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	57	41	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	42	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	43	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	57	44	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	57	45	compressive	compressive	ADJ
ajst-28603	57	46	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	47	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	57	48	foamed	foamed	ADJ
ajst-28603	57	49	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	57	50	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	58	1	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	58	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	59	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	59	2	integration	integration	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	3	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	59	4	lattice	lattice	PROPN
ajst-28603	59	5	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	6	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	7	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	59	9	ldem	ldem	PROPN
ajst-28603	59	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	59	11	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	59	12	acoustic	acoustic	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	13	emission	emission	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	59	15	ae	ae	PROPN
ajst-28603	59	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	59	17	technology	technology	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	18	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	59	19	been	be	AUX
ajst-28603	59	20	employed	employ	VERB
ajst-28603	59	21	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	59	22	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	59	23	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	24	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	59	25	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	26	slabs	slab	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	59	28	pre	pre	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	29	-	-	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	30	cracked	cracked	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	31	sandstone	sandstone	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	32	beams.[8	beams.[8	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	33	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	59	34	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	59	35	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	36	provides	provide	VERB
ajst-28603	59	37	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	59	38	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	39	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	40	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	59	41	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	59	42	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	43	process	process	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	44	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	59	45	quasi	quasi	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	46	-	-	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	47	brittle	brittle	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	48	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	49	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	59	50	as	as	SCONJ
ajst-28603	59	51	exemplified	exemplify	VERB
ajst-28603	59	52	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	59	53	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	59	54	study	study	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	55	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	59	56	truss	truss	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	57	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	59	58	like	like	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	59	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	60	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	61	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	62	applied	apply	VERB
ajst-28603	59	63	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	59	64	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	65	process	process	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	66	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	67	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	59	68	quasibrittle	quasibrittle	ADJ
ajst-28603	59	69	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	59	70	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	59	71	”	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	60	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	60	2	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	60	3	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	60	4	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	60	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	60	6	dem	dem	NOUN
ajst-28603	60	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	60	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	60	9	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	60	10	conjunction	conjunction	NOUN
ajst-28603	60	11	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	60	12	bonding	bonding	NOUN
ajst-28603	60	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	60	14	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	60	15	contact	contact	NOUN
ajst-28603	60	16	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	60	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	60	18	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	60	19	been	be	AUX
ajst-28603	60	20	employed	employ	VERB
ajst-28603	60	21	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	60	22	replicate	replicate	VERB
ajst-28603	60	23	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	60	24	cementation	cementation	NOUN
ajst-28603	60	25	process	process	NOUN
ajst-28603	60	26	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	60	27	clays	clay	NOUN
ajst-28603	60	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	61	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	61	2	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	3	unveils	unveil	VERB
ajst-28603	61	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	61	5	impact	impact	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	6	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	61	7	clay	clay	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	8	structure	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	9	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	61	10	deformation	deformation	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	61	12	failure	failure	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	13	processes	process	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	61	15	exemplified	exemplify	VERB
ajst-28603	61	16	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	61	17	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	61	18	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	61	19	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	20	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	21	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	22	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	61	23	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	61	24	clay	clay	NOUN
ajst-28603	61	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	62	1	"[9	"[9	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	2	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	62	3	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ajst-28603	62	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	62	5	dem	dem	PROPN
ajst-28603	62	6	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	62	7	been	be	AUX
ajst-28603	62	8	utilized	utilize	VERB
ajst-28603	62	9	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	62	10	simulate	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	62	11	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	62	12	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	13	during	during	ADP
ajst-28603	62	14	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	62	15	uniaxial	uniaxial	ADJ
ajst-28603	62	16	compressive	compressive	ADJ
ajst-28603	62	17	test	test	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	62	19	validating	validate	VERB
ajst-28603	62	20	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	62	21	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	62	23	examining	examine	VERB
ajst-28603	62	24	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	25	initiation	initiation	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	62	27	failure	failure	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	28	processes	process	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	62	30	as	as	SCONJ
ajst-28603	62	31	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
ajst-28603	62	32	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	62	33	"	"	PUNCT
ajst-28603	62	34	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	62	35	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	36	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	37	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	62	38	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	62	39	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	40	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	62	41	uniaxial	uniaxial	ADJ
ajst-28603	62	42	compressive	compressive	ADJ
ajst-28603	62	43	test	test	NOUN
ajst-28603	62	44	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	63	1	"[10	"[10	X
ajst-28603	63	2	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	63	3	figure	figure	NOUN
ajst-28603	63	4	2	2	NUM
ajst-28603	63	5	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	64	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	64	2	constitutive	constitutive	ADJ
ajst-28603	64	3	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	4	diagram	diagram	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	64	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	64	7	linear	linear	PROPN
ajst-28603	64	8	parallel	parallel	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	9	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	10	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	11	xu	xu	PROPN
ajst-28603	64	12	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
ajst-28603	64	13	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	64	14	his	his	PRON
ajst-28603	64	15	paper	paper	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	16	that	that	SCONJ
ajst-28603	64	17	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	64	18	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	64	19	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	20	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	64	22	dem	dem	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	23	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	64	24	offers	offer	VERB
ajst-28603	64	25	significant	significant	ADJ
ajst-28603	64	26	advantages	advantage	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	27	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	64	28	calculating	calculate	VERB
ajst-28603	64	29	freeze	freeze	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	30	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	64	31	thaw	thaw	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	32	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	33	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	64	34	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	64	35	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	64	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	65	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	65	2	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	65	3	provides	provide	VERB
ajst-28603	65	4	accurate	accurate	ADJ
ajst-28603	65	5	results	result	NOUN
ajst-28603	65	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	65	7	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	65	8	time	time	NOUN
ajst-28603	65	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	65	10	efficient	efficient	ADJ
ajst-28603	65	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	65	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	65	13	overcomes	overcome	VERB
ajst-28603	65	14	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	65	15	limitations	limitation	NOUN
ajst-28603	65	16	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	65	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajst-28603	65	18	indoor	indoor	ADJ
ajst-28603	65	19	freeze	freeze	NOUN
ajst-28603	65	20	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	65	21	thaw	thaw	NOUN
ajst-28603	65	22	tests	test	NOUN
ajst-28603	65	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	66	1	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	66	2	his	his	PRON
ajst-28603	66	3	experiment	experiment	NOUN
ajst-28603	66	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	66	5	xu	xu	PROPN
ajst-28603	66	6	used	use	VERB
ajst-28603	66	7	pfc3d	pfc3d	NOUN
ajst-28603	66	8	software	software	NOUN
ajst-28603	66	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	66	10	employed	employ	VERB
ajst-28603	66	11	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	66	12	linear	linear	PROPN
ajst-28603	66	13	parallel	parallel	ADJ
ajst-28603	66	14	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	66	15	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	66	16	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	66	17	simulate	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	66	18	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	66	19	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	66	20	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	66	21	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	66	22	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-28603	66	23	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	66	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
ajst-28603	67	2	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	3	linear	linear	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	4	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	67	7	linear	linear	PROPN
ajst-28603	67	8	parallel	parallel	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	9	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	10	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	11	requires	require	VERB
ajst-28603	67	12	specific	specific	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	13	parameters	parameter	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	14	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	67	15	define	define	VERB
ajst-28603	67	16	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	67	17	bonding	bonding	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	18	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	20	including	include	VERB
ajst-28603	67	21	normal	normal	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	22	stiffness	stiffness	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	24	shear	shear	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	25	stiffness	stiffness	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	27	elastic	elastic	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	28	modulus	modulus	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	30	parallel	parallel	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	31	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	32	normal	normal	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	33	stiffness	stiffness	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	35	parallel	parallel	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	36	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	37	shear	shear	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	38	stiffness	stiffness	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	39	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	40	parallel	parallel	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	41	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	42	elastic	elastic	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	43	modulus	modulus	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	44	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	45	parallel	parallel	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	46	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	47	tensile	tensile	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	48	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	49	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	50	parallel	parallel	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	51	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	52	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	53	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	54	parallel	parallel	ADJ
ajst-28603	67	55	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	56	friction	friction	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	57	angle	angle	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	58	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	59	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	60	radius	radius	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	61	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	67	62	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	67	63	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	64	gap	gap	NOUN
ajst-28603	67	65	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	1	when	when	SCONJ
ajst-28603	68	2	constructing	construct	VERB
ajst-28603	68	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	68	4	micromechanical	micromechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	68	5	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	7	xu	xu	PROPN
ajst-28603	68	8	assumed	assume	VERB
ajst-28603	68	9	that	that	SCONJ
ajst-28603	68	10	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	68	11	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	68	12	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	13	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	14	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	68	15	study	study	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	16	object	object	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	18	consists	consist	VERB
ajst-28603	68	19	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	68	20	three	three	NUM
ajst-28603	68	21	components	component	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	22	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	23	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	24	paste	paste	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	25	particles	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	27	voids	void	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	28	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	29	closed	closed	ADJ
ajst-28603	68	30	volume	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	31	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	68	34	effective	effective	ADJ
ajst-28603	68	35	water	water	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	36	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	37	filled	fill	VERB
ajst-28603	68	38	particles	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	39	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	40	open	open	ADJ
ajst-28603	68	41	volume	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	68	42	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	68	43	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	69	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	69	2	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-28603	69	3	paste	paste	NOUN
ajst-28603	69	4	particles	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	69	5	are	be	AUX
ajst-28603	69	6	connected	connect	VERB
ajst-28603	69	7	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	69	8	bonds	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	69	9	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	69	10	form	form	VERB
ajst-28603	69	11	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	69	12	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	69	13	's	's	PART
ajst-28603	69	14	solid	solid	ADJ
ajst-28603	69	15	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	69	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	69	17	while	while	SCONJ
ajst-28603	69	18	water	water	NOUN
ajst-28603	69	19	particles	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	69	20	are	be	AUX
ajst-28603	69	21	randomly	randomly	ADV
ajst-28603	69	22	distributed	distribute	VERB
ajst-28603	69	23	within	within	ADP
ajst-28603	69	24	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	69	25	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	69	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	70	1	upon	upon	SCONJ
ajst-28603	70	2	freezing	freezing	NOUN
ajst-28603	70	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	70	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	70	5	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ajst-28603	70	6	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	70	7	these	these	DET
ajst-28603	70	8	water	water	NOUN
ajst-28603	70	9	particles	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	70	10	causes	cause	VERB
ajst-28603	70	11	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	70	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	70	13	rupture	rupture	NOUN
ajst-28603	70	14	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	70	15	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	70	16	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-28603	70	17	paste	paste	NOUN
ajst-28603	70	18	bonds	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	70	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	1	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	71	2	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-28603	71	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	71	4	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	5	's	's	PART
ajst-28603	71	6	representativeness	representativeness	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	71	8	prevent	prevent	VERB
ajst-28603	71	9	overly	overly	ADV
ajst-28603	71	10	uneven	uneven	ADJ
ajst-28603	71	11	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	12	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	71	13	water	water	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	14	particles	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	16	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	71	17	representative	representative	ADJ
ajst-28603	71	18	volume	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	19	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	20	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	21	rve	rve	PROPN
ajst-28603	71	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	23	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	71	24	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	71	25	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	26	was	be	AUX
ajst-28603	71	27	set	set	VERB
ajst-28603	71	28	at	at	ADP
ajst-28603	71	29	1	1	NUM
ajst-28603	71	30	cm³.the	cm³.the	PRON
ajst-28603	71	31	radius	radius	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	32	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	71	33	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	71	34	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	35	paste	paste	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	36	particles	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	37	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	38	gray	gray	ADJ
ajst-28603	71	39	spheres	sphere	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	40	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	41	ranges	range	VERB
ajst-28603	71	42	from	from	ADP
ajst-28603	71	43	0.3×10	0.3×10	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	44	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	45	3	3	NUM
ajst-28603	71	46	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	71	47	1.0×103.the	1.0×103.the	DET
ajst-28603	71	48	radius	radius	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	49	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	71	50	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	71	51	water	water	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	52	particles	particle	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	53	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	54	blue	blue	ADJ
ajst-28603	71	55	spheres	sphere	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	56	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	57	ranges	range	VERB
ajst-28603	71	58	from	from	ADP
ajst-28603	71	59	0.2×10	0.2×10	NUM
ajst-28603	71	60	-3	-3	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	61	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	71	62	0.3×10	0.3×10	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	63	3.the	3.the	DET
ajst-28603	71	64	experiment	experiment	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	65	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
ajst-28603	71	66	derived	derive	VERB
ajst-28603	71	67	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	71	68	four	four	NUM
ajst-28603	71	69	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	70	factor	factor	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	71	expression	expression	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	72	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	71	73	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	71	74	freeze	freeze	ADJ
ajst-28603	71	75	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	71	76	thaw	thaw	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	77	equivalent	equivalent	ADJ
ajst-28603	71	78	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	79	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	71	80	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	81	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	71	82	different	different	ADJ
ajst-28603	71	83	strengths	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	84	through	through	ADP
ajst-28603	71	85	multifactor	multifactor	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	86	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	71	87	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	72	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	72	2	fitting	fitting	ADJ
ajst-28603	72	3	results	result	NOUN
ajst-28603	72	4	were	be	AUX
ajst-28603	72	5	all	all	ADV
ajst-28603	72	6	within	within	ADP
ajst-28603	72	7	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	72	8	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
ajst-28603	72	9	margin	margin	NOUN
ajst-28603	72	10	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	72	11	error	error	NOUN
ajst-28603	72	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	72	13	indicating	indicate	VERB
ajst-28603	72	14	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	72	15	high	high	ADJ
ajst-28603	72	16	level	level	NOUN
ajst-28603	72	17	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	72	18	accuracy.[21	accuracy.[21	PROPN
ajst-28603	72	19	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	72	20	figure	figure	NOUN
ajst-28603	72	21	3	3	NUM
ajst-28603	72	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	72	23	microscopic	microscopic	ADJ
ajst-28603	72	24	freeze	freeze	NOUN
ajst-28603	72	25	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	72	26	thaw	thaw	NOUN
ajst-28603	72	27	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	72	28	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	72	29	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	72	30	2.3	2.3	NUM
ajst-28603	72	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	73	1	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	73	2	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	3	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	73	5	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	73	6	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	7	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	73	9	bem	bem	PROPN
ajst-28603	73	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	73	11	has	have	VERB
ajst-28603	73	12	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	73	13	wide	wide	ADJ
ajst-28603	73	14	range	range	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	15	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	73	16	applications	application	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	17	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	73	18	modeling	model	VERB
ajst-28603	73	19	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	73	21	including	include	VERB
ajst-28603	73	22	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ajst-28603	73	23	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	73	24	slabs	slab	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	73	26	studying	study	VERB
ajst-28603	73	27	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	73	28	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	73	30	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	73	31	assessing	assess	VERB
ajst-28603	73	32	building	building	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	33	raft	raft	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	34	foundations	foundation	NOUN
ajst-28603	73	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	74	1	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	74	2	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	74	3	also	also	ADV
ajst-28603	74	4	used	use	VERB
ajst-28603	74	5	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	74	6	obtain	obtain	VERB
ajst-28603	74	7	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	74	8	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	74	9	response	response	NOUN
ajst-28603	74	10	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	74	11	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	74	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	74	13	conduct	conduct	VERB
ajst-28603	74	14	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	74	15	growth	growth	NOUN
ajst-28603	74	16	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	74	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	75	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	75	2	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	75	3	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	75	4	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajst-28603	75	5	valuable	valuable	ADJ
ajst-28603	75	6	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	75	7	combining	combine	VERB
ajst-28603	75	8	virtual	virtual	ADJ
ajst-28603	75	9	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	75	10	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	75	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	75	12	simulating	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	75	13	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	75	14	nonlinear	nonlinear	ADJ
ajst-28603	75	15	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	75	16	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	75	17	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	75	18	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	75	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	76	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ajst-28603	76	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	76	3	bem	bem	PROPN
ajst-28603	76	4	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	76	5	been	be	AUX
ajst-28603	76	6	applied	apply	VERB
ajst-28603	76	7	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	76	8	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	76	9	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	76	10	testing	testing	NOUN
ajst-28603	76	11	through	through	ADP
ajst-28603	76	12	bayesian	bayesian	NOUN
ajst-28603	76	13	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	76	14	updating	update	VERB
ajst-28603	76	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	76	16	illustrating	illustrate	VERB
ajst-28603	76	17	its	its	PRON
ajst-28603	76	18	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
ajst-28603	76	19	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	76	20	modeling	model	VERB
ajst-28603	76	21	various	various	ADJ
ajst-28603	76	22	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ajst-28603	76	23	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	76	24	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	76	25	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	76	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	77	1	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	77	2	plays	play	VERB
ajst-28603	77	3	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	77	4	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
ajst-28603	77	5	role	role	NOUN
ajst-28603	77	6	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	77	7	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	77	8	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	77	9	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	77	10	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
ajst-28603	77	11	detailed	detailed	ADJ
ajst-28603	77	12	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	77	13	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	77	14	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	77	15	slabs	slab	NOUN
ajst-28603	77	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	77	17	conducting	conduct	VERB
ajst-28603	77	18	probabilistic	probabilistic	ADJ
ajst-28603	77	19	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	77	20	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	77	21	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	77	22	121	121	NUM
ajst-28603	77	23	explore	explore	VERB
ajst-28603	77	24	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	77	25	creep	creep	ADJ
ajst-28603	77	26	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	77	27	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	77	28	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	77	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	78	1	these	these	DET
ajst-28603	78	2	applications	application	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	3	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
ajst-28603	78	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	78	5	versatility	versatility	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	78	7	importance	importance	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	8	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	78	9	bem	bem	PROPN
ajst-28603	78	10	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	78	11	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	78	12	field	field	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	13	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	78	14	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	15	engineering.[10]additionally	engineering.[10]additionally	ADV
ajst-28603	78	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	78	17	bem	bem	PROPN
ajst-28603	78	18	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	78	19	applied	apply	VERB
ajst-28603	78	20	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	78	21	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	78	22	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	78	23	depth	depth	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	24	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	25	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	78	26	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	27	propagation	propagation	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	28	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	78	29	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	78	31	providing	provide	VERB
ajst-28603	78	32	profound	profound	ADJ
ajst-28603	78	33	insights	insight	NOUN
ajst-28603	78	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	79	1	remarkably	remarkably	ADV
ajst-28603	79	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	79	3	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	79	4	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	79	5	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	6	testing	testing	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	79	8	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	79	9	ingenious	ingenious	ADJ
ajst-28603	79	10	integration	integration	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	11	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	79	12	bayesian	bayesian	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	13	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	14	updating	updating	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	79	16	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	79	17	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	79	18	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	19	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	20	reveals	reveal	VERB
ajst-28603	79	21	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ajst-28603	79	22	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	23	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	79	24	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	25	during	during	ADP
ajst-28603	79	26	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	79	27	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	28	process	process	NOUN
ajst-28603	79	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	80	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	80	2	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajst-28603	80	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	80	4	innovative	innovative	ADJ
ajst-28603	80	5	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ajst-28603	80	6	offers	offer	VERB
ajst-28603	80	7	robust	robust	ADJ
ajst-28603	80	8	tools	tool	NOUN
ajst-28603	80	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	80	10	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ajst-28603	80	11	foundations	foundation	NOUN
ajst-28603	80	12	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	80	13	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	80	14	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	80	15	research	research	NOUN
ajst-28603	80	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	80	17	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	80	18	analysis.[12	analysis.[12	NOUN
ajst-28603	80	19	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	80	20	2.4	2.4	NUM
ajst-28603	80	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	81	1	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	81	2	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	3	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	4	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	81	5	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	6	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	81	8	fdm	fdm	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	81	10	serves	serve	VERB
ajst-28603	81	11	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	81	12	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	81	13	technique	technique	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	14	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	81	15	numerically	numerically	ADV
ajst-28603	81	16	solving	solve	VERB
ajst-28603	81	17	differential	differential	ADJ
ajst-28603	81	18	equations	equation	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	19	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	81	20	dividing	divide	VERB
ajst-28603	81	21	space	space	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	81	23	time	time	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	24	into	into	ADP
ajst-28603	81	25	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	81	26	grid	grid	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	27	points	point	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	81	29	establishing	establish	VERB
ajst-28603	81	30	differential	differential	ADJ
ajst-28603	81	31	approximations	approximation	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	81	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	81	34	converting	convert	VERB
ajst-28603	81	35	differential	differential	ADJ
ajst-28603	81	36	equations	equation	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	37	into	into	ADP
ajst-28603	81	38	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ajst-28603	81	39	equations	equation	NOUN
ajst-28603	81	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	82	1	first	first	ADV
ajst-28603	82	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	82	3	mesh	mesh	VERB
ajst-28603	82	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	82	5	area	area	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	6	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	82	7	be	be	AUX
ajst-28603	82	8	studied	study	VERB
ajst-28603	82	9	;	;	PUNCT
ajst-28603	82	10	then	then	ADV
ajst-28603	82	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	82	12	use	use	VERB
ajst-28603	82	13	taylor	taylor	PROPN
ajst-28603	82	14	series	series	PROPN
ajst-28603	82	15	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	82	17	other	other	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	18	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	19	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	82	20	replace	replace	VERB
ajst-28603	82	21	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	82	22	differential	differential	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	23	operator	operator	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	24	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	82	25	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	82	26	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	27	operator	operator	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	28	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	82	29	obtain	obtain	VERB
ajst-28603	82	30	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	82	31	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	32	approximate	approximate	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	33	equation	equation	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	34	;	;	PUNCT
ajst-28603	82	35	specify	specify	VERB
ajst-28603	82	36	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	82	37	problem	problem	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	38	's	's	PART
ajst-28603	82	39	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	40	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	41	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	82	42	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-28603	82	43	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	82	44	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	45	solution	solution	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	46	remains	remain	VERB
ajst-28603	82	47	valid	valid	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	48	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	82	49	accurate	accurate	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	50	at	at	ADP
ajst-28603	82	51	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	82	52	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	53	;	;	PUNCT
ajst-28603	82	54	finally	finally	ADV
ajst-28603	82	55	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	82	56	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	82	57	obtained	obtain	VERB
ajst-28603	82	58	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	59	equations	equation	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	60	are	be	AUX
ajst-28603	82	61	solved	solve	VERB
ajst-28603	82	62	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	82	63	obtain	obtain	VERB
ajst-28603	82	64	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	65	solutions	solution	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	66	at	at	ADP
ajst-28603	82	67	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	82	68	grid	grid	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	69	points	point	NOUN
ajst-28603	82	70	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	83	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	83	2	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	83	3	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	83	4	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	83	5	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	83	6	simple	simple	ADJ
ajst-28603	83	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	83	8	intuitive	intuitive	ADJ
ajst-28603	83	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	84	1	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	84	2	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	84	3	suitable	suitable	ADJ
ajst-28603	84	4	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	84	5	heat	heat	NOUN
ajst-28603	84	6	conduction	conduction	NOUN
ajst-28603	84	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	84	8	fluid	fluid	ADJ
ajst-28603	84	9	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
ajst-28603	84	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	84	11	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	84	12	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajst-28603	84	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	84	14	other	other	ADJ
ajst-28603	84	15	fields	field	NOUN
ajst-28603	84	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	85	1	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	85	2	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	85	3	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	85	4	common	common	ADJ
ajst-28603	85	5	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	85	6	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	85	7	solving	solve	VERB
ajst-28603	85	8	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	85	9	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	85	10	problems	problem	NOUN
ajst-28603	85	11	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	85	12	differential	differential	ADJ
ajst-28603	85	13	equations	equation	NOUN
ajst-28603	85	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	86	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	86	2	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	86	3	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	86	4	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	86	5	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	86	6	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	86	7	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	86	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	86	9	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	86	10	applicable	applicable	ADJ
ajst-28603	86	11	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	86	12	constructing	construct	VERB
ajst-28603	86	13	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajst-28603	86	14	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	86	15	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	86	16	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	86	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	87	1	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	87	2	employing	employ	VERB
ajst-28603	87	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	87	4	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	87	5	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	87	6	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	87	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	87	8	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	87	9	partial	partial	ADJ
ajst-28603	87	10	differential	differential	NOUN
ajst-28603	87	11	equation	equation	NOUN
ajst-28603	87	12	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	87	13	be	be	AUX
ajst-28603	87	14	discretized	discretize	VERB
ajst-28603	87	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	87	16	enabling	enable	VERB
ajst-28603	87	17	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	87	18	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	87	19	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	87	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	87	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	87	22	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	87	23	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	87	24	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	87	25	's	's	PART
ajst-28603	87	26	sound	sound	ADJ
ajst-28603	87	27	field	field	NOUN
ajst-28603	87	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	88	1	research	research	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	2	shows	show	VERB
ajst-28603	88	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajst-28603	88	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	88	5	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	88	6	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	7	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	8	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	88	9	be	be	AUX
ajst-28603	88	10	applied	apply	VERB
ajst-28603	88	11	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	88	12	establish	establish	VERB
ajst-28603	88	13	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	88	14	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ajst-28603	88	15	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	16	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	88	17	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	88	18	sound	sound	ADJ
ajst-28603	88	19	field	field	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	20	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	88	21	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	88	23	conduct	conduct	VERB
ajst-28603	88	24	ultrasonic	ultrasonic	ADJ
ajst-28603	88	25	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	88	26	simulations	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	27	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	88	28	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	88	29	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	30	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	88	31	different	different	ADJ
ajst-28603	88	32	internal	internal	ADJ
ajst-28603	88	33	defect	defect	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	34	sizes	size	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	35	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	88	36	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	88	37	analyze	analyze	VERB
ajst-28603	88	38	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	88	39	received	receive	VERB
ajst-28603	88	40	ultrasonic	ultrasonic	ADJ
ajst-28603	88	41	signals	signal	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	42	from	from	ADP
ajst-28603	88	43	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	88	44	time	time	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	45	domain	domain	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	46	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	88	47	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	48	domain	domain	NOUN
ajst-28603	88	49	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	89	1	this	this	PRON
ajst-28603	89	2	shows	show	VERB
ajst-28603	89	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajst-28603	89	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	89	5	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	89	6	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	89	7	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	89	8	has	have	VERB
ajst-28603	89	9	certain	certain	ADJ
ajst-28603	89	10	application	application	NOUN
ajst-28603	89	11	potential	potential	NOUN
ajst-28603	89	12	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	89	13	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	89	14	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	89	15	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	89	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	90	1	ultrasonic	ultrasonic	ADJ
ajst-28603	90	2	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	90	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	90	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	90	5	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	90	6	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	90	7	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	90	8	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	90	9	time	time	NOUN
ajst-28603	90	10	domain	domain	NOUN
ajst-28603	90	11	method[15	method[15	NOUN
ajst-28603	90	12	]	]	X
ajst-28603	90	13	2.5	2.5	NUM
ajst-28603	90	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	91	1	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	91	2	volume	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	91	3	method	method	VERB
ajst-28603	91	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	91	5	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	91	6	volume	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	91	7	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	91	8	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	91	9	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	91	10	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	91	11	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	91	12	technique	technique	NOUN
ajst-28603	91	13	applicable	applicable	ADJ
ajst-28603	91	14	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	91	15	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	91	16	numerical	numerical	PROPN
ajst-28603	91	17	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	91	18	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	91	19	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	91	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	92	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	92	2	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	92	3	involves	involve	VERB
ajst-28603	92	4	partitioning	partition	VERB
ajst-28603	92	5	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	92	6	computational	computational	ADJ
ajst-28603	92	7	domain	domain	NOUN
ajst-28603	92	8	into	into	ADP
ajst-28603	92	9	non	non	ADJ
ajst-28603	92	10	-	-	ADJ
ajst-28603	92	11	overlapping	overlapping	ADJ
ajst-28603	92	12	control	control	NOUN
ajst-28603	92	13	volumes	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	92	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	92	15	integrating	integrate	VERB
ajst-28603	92	16	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	92	17	differential	differential	ADJ
ajst-28603	92	18	equation	equation	NOUN
ajst-28603	92	19	over	over	ADP
ajst-28603	92	20	each	each	DET
ajst-28603	92	21	control	control	NOUN
ajst-28603	92	22	volume	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	92	23	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	92	24	derive	derive	VERB
ajst-28603	92	25	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	92	26	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	92	27	form	form	NOUN
ajst-28603	92	28	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	92	29	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	92	30	equation	equation	NOUN
ajst-28603	92	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	93	1	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	93	2	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	93	3	been	be	AUX
ajst-28603	93	4	effectively	effectively	ADV
ajst-28603	93	5	utilized	utilize	VERB
ajst-28603	93	6	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	93	7	simulating	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	93	8	diffusion	diffusion	NOUN
ajst-28603	93	9	transport	transport	NOUN
ajst-28603	93	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	93	11	blast	blast	NOUN
ajst-28603	93	12	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ajst-28603	93	13	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	93	14	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	93	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	94	1	notably	notably	ADV
ajst-28603	94	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	94	3	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	94	4	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	5	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	94	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	94	7	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	94	8	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	9	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	94	11	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	94	12	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	94	13	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	14	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	94	16	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	94	17	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	94	18	volume	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	19	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	20	discretizes	discretize	VERB
ajst-28603	94	21	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	94	22	control	control	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	23	volume	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	24	rather	rather	ADV
ajst-28603	94	25	than	than	ADP
ajst-28603	94	26	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	94	27	unit	unit	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	28	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-28603	94	29	node	node	NOUN
ajst-28603	94	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	95	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	95	2	distinction	distinction	NOUN
ajst-28603	95	3	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	95	4	exemplified	exemplify	VERB
ajst-28603	95	5	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	95	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	95	7	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	95	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	95	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	95	10	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	95	11	chloride	chloride	NOUN
ajst-28603	95	12	ion	ion	NOUN
ajst-28603	95	13	diffusion	diffusion	NOUN
ajst-28603	95	14	transport	transport	NOUN
ajst-28603	95	15	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	95	16	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	95	17	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	95	18	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	95	19	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	95	20	volume	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	95	21	method.[17	method.[17	NOUN
ajst-28603	95	22	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	95	23	2.6	2.6	NUM
ajst-28603	95	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	96	1	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	96	2	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	3	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	96	5	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	96	6	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	7	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	96	9	czm	czm	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	96	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	96	12	also	also	ADV
ajst-28603	96	13	known	know	VERB
ajst-28603	96	14	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	96	15	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	96	16	fictitious	fictitious	ADJ
ajst-28603	96	17	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	18	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-28603	96	19	dugdale	dugdale	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	20	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	96	21	barenblatt	barenblatt	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	22	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	96	24	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	96	25	extensively	extensively	ADV
ajst-28603	96	26	used	use	VERB
ajst-28603	96	27	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	96	28	modeling	model	VERB
ajst-28603	96	29	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	96	30	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	31	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	96	32	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	96	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	96	34	other	other	ADJ
ajst-28603	96	35	quasibrittle	quasibrittle	ADJ
ajst-28603	96	36	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	96	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	97	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
ajst-28603	97	2	linear	linear	ADJ
ajst-28603	97	3	elastic	elastic	ADJ
ajst-28603	97	4	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	5	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	97	7	lefm	lefm	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	97	9	theory	theory	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	97	11	czm	czm	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	12	takes	take	VERB
ajst-28603	97	13	into	into	ADP
ajst-28603	97	14	account	account	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	15	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	97	16	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	97	17	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	18	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	97	19	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	97	21	especially	especially	ADV
ajst-28603	97	22	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	97	23	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	97	24	presence	presence	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	25	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	97	26	inelastic	inelastic	ADJ
ajst-28603	97	27	deformations	deformation	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	97	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	97	30	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	97	31	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajst-28603	97	32	more	more	ADV
ajst-28603	97	33	suited	suited	ADJ
ajst-28603	97	34	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	97	35	describing	describe	VERB
ajst-28603	97	36	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	37	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	38	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	97	39	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	40	such	such	ADJ
ajst-28603	97	41	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	97	42	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	97	43	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	97	44	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	45	composites	composite	NOUN
ajst-28603	97	46	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	98	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	98	2	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	3	has	have	AUX
ajst-28603	98	4	proven	prove	VERB
ajst-28603	98	5	effective	effective	ADJ
ajst-28603	98	6	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	98	7	simulating	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	98	8	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	98	9	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	10	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	98	11	uniaxial	uniaxial	ADJ
ajst-28603	98	12	tension	tension	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	98	14	accurately	accurately	ADV
ajst-28603	98	15	representing	represent	VERB
ajst-28603	98	16	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	98	17	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	98	19	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	20	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	21	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	98	22	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	23	across	across	ADP
ajst-28603	98	24	different	different	ADJ
ajst-28603	98	25	loading	loading	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	26	conditions.[18	conditions.[18	PROPN
ajst-28603	98	27	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	98	28	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	98	29	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	98	30	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	31	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	32	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	98	33	czm	czm	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	34	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	98	35	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	98	36	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	98	37	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	98	38	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	39	extensively	extensively	ADV
ajst-28603	98	40	employed	employ	VERB
ajst-28603	98	41	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	98	42	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	43	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	44	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	98	45	simulate	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	98	46	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	98	47	initiation	initiation	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	48	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	98	49	propagation	propagation	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	50	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	98	51	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	98	52	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	53	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	98	54	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	55	within	within	ADP
ajst-28603	98	56	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	57	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	98	58	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajst-28603	98	59	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	98	60	brittle	brittle	ADJ
ajst-28603	98	61	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	62	such	such	ADJ
ajst-28603	98	63	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	98	64	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	98	65	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-28603	98	66	composites	composite	NOUN
ajst-28603	98	67	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	99	1	it	it	PRON
ajst-28603	99	2	characterizes	characterize	VERB
ajst-28603	99	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	99	4	response	response	NOUN
ajst-28603	99	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	99	6	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	99	7	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	99	8	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	99	9	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-28603	99	10	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	99	11	region	region	NOUN
ajst-28603	99	12	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	99	13	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	99	14	surrounding	surround	VERB
ajst-28603	99	15	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	99	16	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	99	17	tip	tip	NOUN
ajst-28603	99	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	99	19	presuming	presume	VERB
ajst-28603	99	20	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	99	21	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	99	22	within	within	ADP
ajst-28603	99	23	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	99	24	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	99	25	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	99	26	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	99	27	behave	behave	VERB
ajst-28603	99	28	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	99	29	an	an	DET
ajst-28603	99	30	elasticplastic	elasticplastic	ADJ
ajst-28603	99	31	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	99	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	100	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	100	2	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	100	3	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	100	4	represents	represent	VERB
ajst-28603	100	5	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	100	6	force	force	NOUN
ajst-28603	100	7	resisting	resist	VERB
ajst-28603	100	8	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	100	9	propagation	propagation	NOUN
ajst-28603	100	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	100	11	gradually	gradually	ADV
ajst-28603	100	12	diminishes	diminish	VERB
ajst-28603	100	13	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	100	14	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	100	15	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	100	16	propagates	propagate	VERB
ajst-28603	100	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	100	18	simulating	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	100	19	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	100	20	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	100	21	opening	opening	NOUN
ajst-28603	100	22	process	process	NOUN
ajst-28603	100	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	101	1	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	101	2	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	101	3	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	101	4	frequently	frequently	ADV
ajst-28603	101	5	utilized	utilize	VERB
ajst-28603	101	6	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	101	7	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	101	8	examination	examination	NOUN
ajst-28603	101	9	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	101	10	brittle	brittle	ADJ
ajst-28603	101	11	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	101	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	101	13	notably	notably	ADV
ajst-28603	101	14	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	101	15	areas	area	NOUN
ajst-28603	101	16	like	like	ADP
ajst-28603	101	17	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	101	18	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-28603	101	19	composites	composite	NOUN
ajst-28603	101	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	102	1	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	102	2	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	102	3	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	102	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	102	5	often	often	ADV
ajst-28603	102	6	utilized	utilize	VERB
ajst-28603	102	7	alongside	alongside	ADP
ajst-28603	102	8	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	102	9	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	102	10	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	102	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	102	12	are	be	AUX
ajst-28603	102	13	essential	essential	ADJ
ajst-28603	102	14	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	102	15	simulating	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	102	16	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	102	17	propagation	propagation	NOUN
ajst-28603	102	18	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	102	19	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	102	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	102	21	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	102	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	103	1	these	these	DET
ajst-28603	103	2	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	103	3	offer	offer	VERB
ajst-28603	103	4	significant	significant	ADJ
ajst-28603	103	5	value	value	NOUN
ajst-28603	103	6	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	103	7	predicting	predict	VERB
ajst-28603	103	8	both	both	CCONJ
ajst-28603	103	9	crack	crack	VERB
ajst-28603	103	10	initiation	initiation	NOUN
ajst-28603	103	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	103	12	propagation	propagation	NOUN
ajst-28603	103	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	103	14	providing	provide	VERB
ajst-28603	103	15	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ajst-28603	103	16	insights	insight	NOUN
ajst-28603	103	17	into	into	ADP
ajst-28603	103	18	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	103	19	fracture	fracture	ADJ
ajst-28603	103	20	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	103	21	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	103	22	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	103	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	103	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	103	25	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
ajst-28603	103	26	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	103	27	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajst-28603	103	28	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	103	29	designs	design	NOUN
ajst-28603	103	30	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	103	31	bolster	bolster	VERB
ajst-28603	103	32	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	103	33	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ajst-28603	103	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	104	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	104	2	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	104	3	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	4	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	104	6	czm	czm	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	104	8	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	104	9	utilized	utilize	VERB
ajst-28603	104	10	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	104	11	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	104	12	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	13	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	104	14	capture	capture	VERB
ajst-28603	104	15	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	104	16	range	range	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	17	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	104	18	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	104	20	including	include	VERB
ajst-28603	104	21	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	104	22	cracking	cracking	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	104	24	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	104	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	104	27	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	104	28	rehabilitation	rehabilitation	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	104	30	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	31	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	104	32	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	104	33	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	104	34	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	104	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	105	1	this	this	PRON
ajst-28603	105	2	entails	entail	VERB
ajst-28603	105	3	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	105	4	that	that	PRON
ajst-28603	105	5	focus	focus	VERB
ajst-28603	105	6	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	105	7	mechanically	mechanically	ADV
ajst-28603	105	8	characterizing	characterize	VERB
ajst-28603	105	9	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	105	10	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	105	11	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	105	12	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	105	13	aggregate	aggregate	ADJ
ajst-28603	105	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	105	15	mortar	mortar	NOUN
ajst-28603	105	16	interface	interface	NOUN
ajst-28603	105	17	transition	transition	NOUN
ajst-28603	105	18	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	105	19	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	105	20	itz	itz	PROPN
ajst-28603	105	21	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	105	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	105	23	characterizing	characterize	VERB
ajst-28603	105	24	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	105	25	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-28603	105	26	between	between	ADP
ajst-28603	105	27	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	105	28	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	105	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	106	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ajst-28603	106	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	106	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	106	4	czm	czm	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	5	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	106	6	proficient	proficient	ADJ
ajst-28603	106	7	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	106	8	simulating	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	106	9	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	106	10	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	11	failure	failure	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	12	process	process	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	13	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	106	14	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	106	15	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	106	16	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	106	18	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ajst-28603	106	19	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	106	20	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	21	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	106	22	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	23	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	106	24	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	106	25	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	106	26	beams	beam	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	106	28	considering	consider	VERB
ajst-28603	106	29	various	various	ADJ
ajst-28603	106	30	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	31	ratios	ratio	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	32	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	106	33	spiral	spiral	ADJ
ajst-28603	106	34	stirrup	stirrup	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	35	inclination	inclination	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	36	angles	angle	NOUN
ajst-28603	106	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	107	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	107	2	19	19	NUM
ajst-28603	107	3	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	107	4	figure	figure	NOUN
ajst-28603	107	5	4	4	NUM
ajst-28603	107	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	108	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	108	2	schematic	schematic	ADJ
ajst-28603	108	3	diagram	diagram	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	108	5	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	108	6	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	108	7	tensile	tensile	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	8	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	9	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	10	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	108	11	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	108	12	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	108	13	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	14	surface	surface	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	15	chen	chen	PROPN
ajst-28603	108	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	108	17	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	18	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajst-28603	108	19	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	108	20	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	108	21	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	22	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	108	23	fracture	fracture	ADJ
ajst-28603	108	24	failure	failure	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	25	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	108	26	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	108	27	simply	simply	ADV
ajst-28603	108	28	supported	support	VERB
ajst-28603	108	29	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	108	30	beam	beam	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	31	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	108	32	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajst-28603	108	33	loading	loading	NOUN
ajst-28603	108	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	109	1	they	they	PRON
ajst-28603	109	2	applied	apply	VERB
ajst-28603	109	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	109	4	principle	principle	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	109	6	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajst-28603	109	7	virtual	virtual	ADJ
ajst-28603	109	8	work	work	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	109	10	time	time	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	11	stepping	stepping	ADJ
ajst-28603	109	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	109	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	109	14	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	109	15	bilinear	bilinear	ADJ
ajst-28603	109	16	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	109	17	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	18	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	109	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	109	21	developed	develop	VERB
ajst-28603	109	22	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	109	23	program	program	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	24	code	code	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	25	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	109	26	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajst-28603	109	27	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	28	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	109	29	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	109	30	beam	beam	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	31	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	109	32	combining	combine	VERB
ajst-28603	109	33	conventional	conventional	ADJ
ajst-28603	109	34	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	109	35	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	36	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	37	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	109	38	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	109	39	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	40	models	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	109	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	110	1	utilizing	utilize	VERB
ajst-28603	110	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	110	3	powerful	powerful	ADJ
ajst-28603	110	4	preand	preand	NOUN
ajst-28603	110	5	post	post	ADJ
ajst-28603	110	6	-	-	ADJ
ajst-28603	110	7	processing	processing	ADJ
ajst-28603	110	8	capabilities	capability	NOUN
ajst-28603	110	9	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	110	10	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	110	11	commercial	commercial	ADJ
ajst-28603	110	12	software	software	NOUN
ajst-28603	110	13	abaqus	abaqus	NOUN
ajst-28603	110	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	110	15	they	they	PRON
ajst-28603	110	16	verified	verify	VERB
ajst-28603	110	17	that	that	SCONJ
ajst-28603	110	18	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	110	19	size	size	NOUN
ajst-28603	110	20	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	110	21	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	110	22	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	110	23	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	110	24	should	should	AUX
ajst-28603	110	25	be	be	AUX
ajst-28603	110	26	controlled	control	VERB
ajst-28603	110	27	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	110	28	within	within	ADP
ajst-28603	110	29	half	half	NOUN
ajst-28603	110	30	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	110	31	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	110	32	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	110	33	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	110	34	length	length	NOUN
ajst-28603	110	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	111	1	within	within	ADP
ajst-28603	111	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	111	3	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	111	4	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	111	6	due	due	ADP
ajst-28603	111	7	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	111	8	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	111	9	high	high	ADJ
ajst-28603	111	10	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	11	122	122	NUM
ajst-28603	111	12	state	state	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	13	near	near	ADP
ajst-28603	111	14	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	111	15	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	16	tip	tip	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	111	18	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	111	19	material	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	20	point	point	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	111	22	before	before	ADP
ajst-28603	111	23	failure	failure	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	24	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	111	25	can	can	AUX
ajst-28603	111	26	open	open	VERB
ajst-28603	111	27	by	by	ADP
ajst-28603	111	28	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	111	29	distance	distance	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	30	δ	δ	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	31	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	111	32	after	after	ADP
ajst-28603	111	33	failure	failure	NOUN
ajst-28603	111	34	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	111	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	112	1	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	112	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	112	3	surface	surface	NOUN
ajst-28603	112	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	112	5	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	112	6	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	112	7	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	112	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	112	9	there	there	PRON
ajst-28603	112	10	is	be	VERB
ajst-28603	112	11	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	112	12	distributed	distribute	VERB
ajst-28603	112	13	tensile	tensile	NOUN
ajst-28603	112	14	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	112	15	ttt	ttt	PROPN
ajst-28603	112	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	112	17	which	which	PRON
ajst-28603	112	18	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	112	19	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	112	20	function	function	NOUN
ajst-28603	112	21	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	112	22	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	112	23	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	112	24	opening	opening	NOUN
ajst-28603	112	25	distance	distance	NOUN
ajst-28603	112	26	δ	δ	PROPN
ajst-28603	112	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	113	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	113	2	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	3	between	between	ADP
ajst-28603	113	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	113	5	distributed	distribute	VERB
ajst-28603	113	6	tensile	tensile	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	7	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	8	ttt	ttt	PROPN
ajst-28603	113	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	113	10	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	113	11	opening	opening	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	12	distance	distance	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	13	δ	δ	PROPN
ajst-28603	113	14	defines	define	VERB
ajst-28603	113	15	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	113	16	constitutive	constitutive	ADJ
ajst-28603	113	17	law	law	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	18	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	113	19	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	113	20	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	113	21	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	22	surface.[22	surface.[22	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	23	]	]	X
ajst-28603	113	24	3	3	X
ajst-28603	113	25	.	.	X
ajst-28603	113	26	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	27	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	113	28	article	article	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	29	deeply	deeply	ADV
ajst-28603	113	30	discusses	discuss	VERB
ajst-28603	113	31	various	various	ADJ
ajst-28603	113	32	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	113	33	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	34	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	35	such	such	ADJ
ajst-28603	113	36	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	113	37	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	113	38	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	39	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	40	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	113	41	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	113	42	difference	difference	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	43	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	44	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	113	45	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	113	46	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	47	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	48	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	113	49	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	113	50	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	51	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	52	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	113	53	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	113	54	volume	volume	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	55	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	113	56	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	114	1	each	each	PRON
ajst-28603	114	2	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	114	3	these	these	DET
ajst-28603	114	4	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	114	5	has	have	VERB
ajst-28603	114	6	unique	unique	ADJ
ajst-28603	114	7	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ajst-28603	114	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	114	9	application	application	NOUN
ajst-28603	114	10	scope	scope	NOUN
ajst-28603	114	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	114	12	providing	provide	VERB
ajst-28603	114	13	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	114	14	basis	basis	NOUN
ajst-28603	114	15	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	114	16	studying	study	VERB
ajst-28603	114	17	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	114	18	response	response	NOUN
ajst-28603	114	19	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	114	20	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	114	21	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	114	22	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	114	23	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-28603	114	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	115	1	through	through	ADP
ajst-28603	115	2	systematic	systematic	ADJ
ajst-28603	115	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	115	5	these	these	DET
ajst-28603	115	6	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	115	8	we	we	PRON
ajst-28603	115	9	found	find	VERB
ajst-28603	115	10	that	that	SCONJ
ajst-28603	115	11	different	different	ADJ
ajst-28603	115	12	numerical	numerical	PROPN
ajst-28603	115	13	simulation	simulation	PROPN
ajst-28603	115	14	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	15	have	have	VERB
ajst-28603	115	16	their	their	PRON
ajst-28603	115	17	own	own	ADJ
ajst-28603	115	18	advantages	advantage	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	115	20	disadvantages	disadvantage	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	21	when	when	SCONJ
ajst-28603	115	22	dealing	deal	VERB
ajst-28603	115	23	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	115	24	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	115	25	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	115	26	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	27	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	115	28	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	29	at	at	ADP
ajst-28603	115	30	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	115	31	temperatures	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	115	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	115	34	they	they	PRON
ajst-28603	115	35	need	need	VERB
ajst-28603	115	36	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	115	37	be	be	AUX
ajst-28603	115	38	reasonably	reasonably	ADV
ajst-28603	115	39	selected	select	VERB
ajst-28603	115	40	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	115	41	optimized	optimize	VERB
ajst-28603	115	42	according	accord	VERB
ajst-28603	115	43	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	115	44	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	115	45	nature	nature	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	46	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	115	47	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	115	48	specific	specific	ADJ
ajst-28603	115	49	problem	problem	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	50	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	115	51	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	115	52	research	research	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	53	objectives	objective	NOUN
ajst-28603	115	54	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	116	1	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	116	2	example	example	NOUN
ajst-28603	116	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	116	4	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	116	5	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	116	6	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	116	7	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	116	8	is	be	AUX
ajst-28603	116	9	more	more	ADV
ajst-28603	116	10	suitable	suitable	ADJ
ajst-28603	116	11	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	116	12	crack	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	116	13	research	research	NOUN
ajst-28603	116	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	116	15	needs	need	VERB
ajst-28603	116	16	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	116	17	be	be	AUX
ajst-28603	116	18	used	use	VERB
ajst-28603	116	19	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	116	20	conjunction	conjunction	NOUN
ajst-28603	116	21	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	116	22	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	116	23	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	116	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	117	1	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	117	2	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	117	3	have	have	VERB
ajst-28603	117	4	outstanding	outstanding	ADJ
ajst-28603	117	5	advantages	advantage	NOUN
ajst-28603	117	6	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	117	7	calculating	calculate	VERB
ajst-28603	117	8	freeze	freeze	NOUN
ajst-28603	117	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	117	10	thaw	thaw	NOUN
ajst-28603	117	11	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	117	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	118	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	118	2	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	118	3	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	118	4	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	118	5	has	have	VERB
ajst-28603	118	6	advantages	advantage	NOUN
ajst-28603	118	7	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	118	8	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ajst-28603	118	9	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	118	10	response	response	NOUN
ajst-28603	118	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	118	12	crack	crack	VERB
ajst-28603	118	13	growth	growth	NOUN
ajst-28603	118	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	119	1	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	119	2	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	119	3	future	future	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	119	5	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	119	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	119	7	further	further	ADJ
ajst-28603	119	8	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	9	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	119	10	computing	compute	VERB
ajst-28603	119	11	power	power	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	119	13	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	119	14	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ajst-28603	119	15	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	16	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	119	17	numerical	numerical	ADJ
ajst-28603	119	18	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	119	20	these	these	DET
ajst-28603	119	21	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	22	will	will	AUX
ajst-28603	119	23	play	play	VERB
ajst-28603	119	24	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	119	25	more	more	ADV
ajst-28603	119	26	important	important	ADJ
ajst-28603	119	27	role	role	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	28	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	119	29	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	119	30	field	field	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	31	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	119	32	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	119	33	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	34	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	119	35	provide	provide	VERB
ajst-28603	119	36	better	well	ADJ
ajst-28603	119	37	solutions	solution	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	38	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	119	39	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	119	40	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	119	41	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	42	environments	environment	NOUN
ajst-28603	119	43	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	120	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	120	2	design	design	NOUN
ajst-28603	120	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	120	4	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajst-28603	120	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	120	6	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-28603	120	7	prediction	prediction	NOUN
ajst-28603	120	8	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	120	9	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	120	10	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	120	11	provide	provide	VERB
ajst-28603	120	12	more	more	ADV
ajst-28603	120	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
ajst-28603	120	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	120	15	reliable	reliable	ADJ
ajst-28603	120	16	technical	technical	ADJ
ajst-28603	120	17	support	support	NOUN
ajst-28603	120	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	121	1	through	through	ADP
ajst-28603	121	2	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	121	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	121	4	depth	depth	NOUN
ajst-28603	121	5	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ajst-28603	121	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	121	7	application	application	NOUN
ajst-28603	121	8	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	121	9	numerical	numerical	PROPN
ajst-28603	121	10	simulation	simulation	PROPN
ajst-28603	121	11	technology	technology	PROPN
ajst-28603	121	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	121	13	we	we	PRON
ajst-28603	121	14	have	have	AUX
ajst-28603	121	15	laid	lay	VERB
ajst-28603	121	16	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	121	17	solid	solid	ADJ
ajst-28603	121	18	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ajst-28603	121	19	foundation	foundation	NOUN
ajst-28603	121	20	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	121	21	promoting	promote	VERB
ajst-28603	121	22	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	121	23	development	development	NOUN
ajst-28603	121	24	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	121	25	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	121	26	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajst-28603	121	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	121	28	continue	continue	VERB
ajst-28603	121	29	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	121	30	promote	promote	VERB
ajst-28603	121	31	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ajst-28603	121	32	progress	progress	NOUN
ajst-28603	121	33	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	121	34	this	this	DET
ajst-28603	121	35	field	field	NOUN
ajst-28603	121	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	122	1	references	reference	NOUN
ajst-28603	122	2	[	[	X
ajst-28603	122	3	1	1	NUM
ajst-28603	122	4	]	]	X
ajst-28603	122	5	zad	zad	PROPN
ajst-28603	122	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	122	7	n.	n.	NOUN
ajst-28603	122	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	122	9	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	122	10	melhem	melhem	PROPN
ajst-28603	122	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	122	12	h.	h.	PROPN
ajst-28603	122	13	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	122	14	2023	2023	NUM
ajst-28603	122	15	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	122	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	123	1	modeling	model	VERB
ajst-28603	123	2	plastic	plastic	NOUN
ajst-28603	123	3	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	123	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	123	5	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	123	6	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	123	7	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	123	8	finite	finite	ADJ
ajst-28603	123	9	-	-	ADJ
ajst-28603	123	10	element	element	ADJ
ajst-28603	123	11	applications	application	NOUN
ajst-28603	123	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	124	1	practice	practice	NOUN
ajst-28603	124	2	periodical	periodical	ADJ
ajst-28603	124	3	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	124	4	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	124	5	design	design	NOUN
ajst-28603	124	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	124	7	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-28603	124	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	125	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ajst-28603	125	2	from	from	ADP
ajst-28603	125	3	https://ascelibrary.org	https://ascelibrary.org	PROPN
ajst-28603	125	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	126	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	126	2	2	2	NUM
ajst-28603	126	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	126	4	liguori	liguori	ADJ
ajst-28603	126	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	126	6	f.	f.	PROPN
ajst-28603	126	7	s.	s.	PROPN
ajst-28603	126	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	126	9	corrado	corrado	PROPN
ajst-28603	126	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	126	11	a.	a.	NOUN
ajst-28603	126	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	126	13	bilotta	bilotta	NOUN
ajst-28603	126	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	126	15	a.	a.	NOUN
ajst-28603	126	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	126	17	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	126	18	madeo	madeo	PROPN
ajst-28603	126	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	126	20	a.	a.	NOUN
ajst-28603	126	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	126	22	2023	2023	NUM
ajst-28603	126	23	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	126	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	127	1	an	an	DET
ajst-28603	127	2	efficient	efficient	ADJ
ajst-28603	127	3	elastoplastic	elastoplastic	ADJ
ajst-28603	127	4	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	127	5	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	127	6	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	127	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	127	8	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	127	9	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	127	10	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	127	11	shells	shell	NOUN
ajst-28603	127	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	128	1	procedia	procedia	PROPN
ajst-28603	128	2	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	128	3	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ajst-28603	128	4	elsevier	elsevier	NOUN
ajst-28603	128	5	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	129	2	3	3	NUM
ajst-28603	129	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	129	4	nóbrega	nóbrega	NOUN
ajst-28603	129	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	6	a.	a.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	7	c.	c.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	8	s.	s.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	9	l.	l.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	11	queiroz	queiroz	ADV
ajst-28603	129	12	junior	junior	ADJ
ajst-28603	129	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	14	c.	c.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	15	c.	c.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	16	de	de	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	18	souza	souza	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	20	w.	w.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	21	r.	r.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	22	m.	m.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	23	de	de	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	25	cabral	cabral	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	27	k.	k.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	28	c.	c.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	30	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	129	31	martinelli	martinelli	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	33	a.	a.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	34	e.	e.	PROPN
ajst-28603	129	35	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	36	2024	2024	NUM
ajst-28603	129	37	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	129	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	130	1	computational	computational	ADJ
ajst-28603	130	2	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	130	3	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	130	4	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	130	5	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	130	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	130	7	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	130	8	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-28603	130	9	composites	composite	NOUN
ajst-28603	130	10	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	130	11	3d	3d	NUM
ajst-28603	130	12	printing	printing	NOUN
ajst-28603	130	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	131	1	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	131	2	international	international	ADJ
ajst-28603	131	3	journal	journal	NOUN
ajst-28603	131	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	131	5	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ajst-28603	131	6	manufacturing	manufacturing	NOUN
ajst-28603	131	7	technol	technol	NOUN
ajst-28603	131	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	131	9	springer	springer	NOUN
ajst-28603	131	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	132	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	132	2	4	4	NUM
ajst-28603	132	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	132	4	nour	nour	PROPN
ajst-28603	132	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	132	6	a.	a.	PROPN
ajst-28603	132	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	132	8	massicotte	massicotte	PROPN
ajst-28603	132	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	132	10	b.	b.	PROPN
ajst-28603	132	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	132	12	yildiz	yildiz	PROPN
ajst-28603	132	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	132	14	e.	e.	PROPN
ajst-28603	132	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	132	16	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	132	17	koval	koval	PROPN
ajst-28603	132	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	132	19	v.	v.	PROPN
ajst-28603	132	20	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	132	21	2007	2007	NUM
ajst-28603	132	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	132	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	133	1	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	133	2	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	133	3	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	133	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	133	5	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	133	6	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	133	7	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	133	8	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	133	9	internal	internal	ADJ
ajst-28603	133	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	133	11	external	external	ADJ
ajst-28603	133	12	fibre	fibre	NOUN
ajst-28603	133	13	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	133	14	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	133	15	polymers	polymer	NOUN
ajst-28603	133	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	134	1	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ajst-28603	134	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ajst-28603	134	3	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	134	4	civil	civil	ADJ
ajst-28603	134	5	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	134	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	135	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ajst-28603	135	2	from	from	ADP
ajst-28603	135	3	https://doi.org/10.1139/l06-140	https://doi.org/10.1139/l06-140	NOUN
ajst-28603	135	4	[	[	X
ajst-28603	135	5	5	5	NUM
ajst-28603	135	6	]	]	X
ajst-28603	135	7	kononchuk	kononchuk	NOUN
ajst-28603	135	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	135	9	o.	o.	NOUN
ajst-28603	135	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	135	11	iasnii	iasnii	NOUN
ajst-28603	135	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	135	13	v.	v.	ADV
ajst-28603	135	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	135	15	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	135	16	lutsyk	lutsyk	PROPN
ajst-28603	135	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	135	18	n.	n.	NOUN
ajst-28603	135	19	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	135	20	2022	2022	NUM
ajst-28603	135	21	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	135	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	136	1	prediction	prediction	NOUN
ajst-28603	136	2	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	136	3	reinforced	reinforce	VERB
ajst-28603	136	4	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	136	5	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	136	6	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	136	7	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	136	8	finite	finite	PROPN
ajst-28603	136	9	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	136	10	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	136	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	137	1	procedia	procedia	ADJ
ajst-28603	137	2	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	137	3	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ajst-28603	137	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	138	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	138	2	6	6	NUM
ajst-28603	138	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	138	4	widodo	widodo	NOUN
ajst-28603	138	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	138	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ajst-28603	138	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	138	8	nugroho	nugroho	NOUN
ajst-28603	138	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	138	10	m.	m.	NOUN
ajst-28603	138	11	s.	s.	PROPN
ajst-28603	138	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	138	13	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	138	14	gao	gao	PROPN
ajst-28603	138	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	138	16	z.	z.	PROPN
ajst-28603	138	17	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	138	18	2023	2023	NUM
ajst-28603	138	19	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	138	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	139	1	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	139	2	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	139	3	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	139	4	approach	approach	NOUN
ajst-28603	139	5	to	to	PART
ajst-28603	139	6	simulate	simulate	VERB
ajst-28603	139	7	cracks	crack	NOUN
ajst-28603	139	8	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	139	9	four	four	NUM
ajst-28603	139	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	139	11	point	point	NOUN
ajst-28603	139	12	flexural	flexural	ADJ
ajst-28603	139	13	test	test	NOUN
ajst-28603	139	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	140	1	ukarst	ukarst	ADJ
ajst-28603	140	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	141	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	141	2	7	7	NUM
ajst-28603	141	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	141	4	gao	gao	PROPN
ajst-28603	141	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	141	6	y.	y.	PROPN
ajst-28603	141	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	141	8	cheng	cheng	PROPN
ajst-28603	141	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	141	10	y.	y.	PROPN
ajst-28603	141	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	141	12	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	141	13	chen	chen	PROPN
ajst-28603	141	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	141	15	j.	j.	PROPN
ajst-28603	141	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	141	17	2023	2023	NUM
ajst-28603	141	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	141	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	142	1	experimental	experimental	ADJ
ajst-28603	142	2	study	study	NOUN
ajst-28603	142	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	142	4	3	3	NUM
ajst-28603	142	5	-	-	SYM
ajst-28603	142	6	d	d	NOUN
ajst-28603	142	7	meso	meso	NOUN
ajst-28603	142	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	142	9	scale	scale	NOUN
ajst-28603	142	10	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	142	11	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	142	12	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ajst-28603	142	13	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	142	14	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	142	15	compressive	compressive	ADJ
ajst-28603	142	16	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	142	17	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	142	18	foamed	foamed	ADJ
ajst-28603	142	19	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	142	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	143	1	buildings	building	NOUN
ajst-28603	143	2	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	144	2	8	8	NUM
ajst-28603	144	3	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	4	tanzi	tanzi	PROPN
ajst-28603	144	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	6	b.	b.	PROPN
ajst-28603	144	7	n.	n.	PROPN
ajst-28603	144	8	r.	r.	PROPN
ajst-28603	144	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	10	birck	birck	PROPN
ajst-28603	144	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	12	g.	g.	PROPN
ajst-28603	144	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	14	sobczyk	sobczyk	NOUN
ajst-28603	144	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	16	m.	m.	NOUN
ajst-28603	144	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	18	iturrioz	iturrioz	PROPN
ajst-28603	144	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	20	i.	i.	NOUN
ajst-28603	144	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	22	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	144	23	lacidogna	lacidogna	PROPN
ajst-28603	144	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	25	g.	g.	PROPN
ajst-28603	144	26	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	27	2023	2023	NUM
ajst-28603	144	28	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	144	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	145	1	truss	truss	ADJ
ajst-28603	145	2	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	145	3	like	like	ADJ
ajst-28603	145	4	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	145	5	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	145	6	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	145	7	applied	apply	VERB
ajst-28603	145	8	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	145	9	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	145	10	process	process	NOUN
ajst-28603	145	11	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	145	12	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	145	13	quasi	quasi	ADJ
ajst-28603	145	14	-	-	ADJ
ajst-28603	145	15	brittle	brittle	ADJ
ajst-28603	145	16	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-28603	145	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	146	1	applied	apply	VERB
ajst-28603	146	2	sciences	science	NOUN
ajst-28603	146	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	147	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	147	2	9	9	NUM
ajst-28603	147	3	]	]	SYM
ajst-28603	147	4	xu	xu	PROPN
ajst-28603	147	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	147	6	j.	j.	PROPN
ajst-28603	147	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	147	8	ye	ye	PROPN
ajst-28603	147	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	147	10	j.	j.	PROPN
ajst-28603	147	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	147	12	sun	sun	PROPN
ajst-28603	147	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	147	14	j.	j.	PROPN
ajst-28603	147	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	147	16	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	147	17	bian	bian	PROPN
ajst-28603	147	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	147	19	x.	x.	NOUN
ajst-28603	147	20	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	147	21	2023	2023	NUM
ajst-28603	147	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	147	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	148	1	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	148	2	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	148	3	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	148	4	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	148	5	modelling	modelling	NOUN
ajst-28603	148	6	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	148	7	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	148	8	clay	clay	NOUN
ajst-28603	148	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	149	1	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
ajst-28603	149	2	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	149	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	149	4	institution	institution	NOUN
ajst-28603	149	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	149	6	civil	civil	ADJ
ajst-28603	149	7	engineers	engineer	NOUN
ajst-28603	149	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	149	9	geotechnical	geotechnical	ADJ
ajst-28603	149	10	[	[	X
ajst-28603	149	11	10	10	NUM
ajst-28603	149	12	]	]	X
ajst-28603	149	13	marooden	marooden	PROPN
ajst-28603	149	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	149	15	s.	s.	PROPN
ajst-28603	149	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	149	17	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	149	18	rahimi	rahimi	NOUN
ajst-28603	149	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	149	20	h.	h.	PROPN
ajst-28603	149	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	149	22	2022	2022	NUM
ajst-28603	149	23	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	149	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	150	1	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	150	2	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	150	3	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	150	4	modelling	modelling	NOUN
ajst-28603	150	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	150	6	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	150	7	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ajst-28603	150	8	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	150	9	uniaxial	uniaxial	ADJ
ajst-28603	150	10	compressive	compressive	ADJ
ajst-28603	150	11	test	test	NOUN
ajst-28603	150	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	151	1	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
ajst-28603	151	2	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	151	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	151	4	institution	institution	NOUN
ajst-28603	151	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	151	6	civil	civil	ADJ
ajst-28603	151	7	engineers	engineer	NOUN
ajst-28603	151	8	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	151	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	151	10	computational	computational	ADJ
ajst-28603	151	11	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajst-28603	151	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	151	13	175(2	175(2	NUM
ajst-28603	151	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	151	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	151	16	72	72	NUM
ajst-28603	151	17	-	-	SYM
ajst-28603	151	18	82	82	NUM
ajst-28603	151	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	152	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	152	2	11	11	NUM
ajst-28603	152	3	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	152	4	abdelhady	abdelhady	ADJ
ajst-28603	152	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	152	6	a.	a.	NOUN
ajst-28603	152	7	u.	u.	PROPN
ajst-28603	152	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	152	9	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	152	10	rashed	rashe	VERB
ajst-28603	152	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	152	12	y.	y.	PROPN
ajst-28603	152	13	f.	f.	PROPN
ajst-28603	152	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	152	15	2018	2018	NUM
ajst-28603	152	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	152	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	153	1	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	153	2	practical	practical	ADJ
ajst-28603	153	3	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	153	4	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	153	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	153	6	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	153	7	slab	slab	NOUN
ajst-28603	153	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	153	9	beam	beam	NOUN
ajst-28603	153	10	floor	floor	NOUN
ajst-28603	153	11	type	type	NOUN
ajst-28603	153	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	154	1	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	154	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	154	3	with	with	ADP
ajst-28603	154	4	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	154	5	elements	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	154	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	154	7	97	97	NUM
ajst-28603	154	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	154	9	23	23	NUM
ajst-28603	154	10	-	-	SYM
ajst-28603	154	11	38	38	NUM
ajst-28603	154	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	155	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2018.09.006	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2018.09.006	ADJ
ajst-28603	155	2	[	[	X
ajst-28603	155	3	12	12	NUM
ajst-28603	155	4	]	]	X
ajst-28603	155	5	oliveira	oliveira	PROPN
ajst-28603	155	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	155	7	h.	h.	PROPN
ajst-28603	155	8	l.	l.	PROPN
ajst-28603	155	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	155	10	chateauneuf	chateauneuf	PROPN
ajst-28603	155	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	155	12	a.	a.	PROPN
ajst-28603	155	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	155	14	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	155	15	leonel	leonel	PROPN
ajst-28603	155	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	155	17	e.	e.	PROPN
ajst-28603	155	18	d.	d.	PROPN
ajst-28603	155	19	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	155	20	2019	2019	NUM
ajst-28603	155	21	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	155	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	156	1	probabilistic	probabilistic	ADJ
ajst-28603	156	2	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
ajst-28603	156	3	modelling	modelling	NOUN
ajst-28603	156	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	156	5	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	156	6	creep	creep	NOUN
ajst-28603	156	7	based	base	VERB
ajst-28603	156	8	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	156	9	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	156	10	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	156	11	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	156	12	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	156	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	157	1	advances	advance	NOUN
ajst-28603	157	2	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	157	3	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-28603	157	4	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	157	5	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	158	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	158	2	13	13	NUM
ajst-28603	158	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	158	4	saleh	saleh	NOUN
ajst-28603	158	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	158	6	a.	a.	PROPN
ajst-28603	158	7	l.	l.	PROPN
ajst-28603	158	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	158	9	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	158	10	aliabadi	aliabadi	NOUN
ajst-28603	158	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	158	12	m.	m.	NOUN
ajst-28603	158	13	h.	h.	PROPN
ajst-28603	158	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	158	15	1995	1995	NUM
ajst-28603	158	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	158	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	159	1	crack	crack	VERB
ajst-28603	159	2	growth	growth	NOUN
ajst-28603	159	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	159	4	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	159	5	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	159	6	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	159	7	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	159	8	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	159	9	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	159	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	160	1	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	160	2	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	160	3	mechanics	mechanic	NOUN
ajst-28603	160	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	161	2	14	14	NUM
ajst-28603	161	3	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	4	beaurepaire	beaurepaire	NOUN
ajst-28603	161	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	6	p.	p.	PROPN
ajst-28603	161	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	8	cordeiro	cordeiro	PROPN
ajst-28603	161	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	10	s.	s.	PROPN
ajst-28603	161	11	f.	f.	PROPN
ajst-28603	161	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	13	leonel	leonel	PROPN
ajst-28603	161	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	15	e.	e.	PROPN
ajst-28603	161	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	17	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	161	18	chateauneuf	chateauneuf	PROPN
ajst-28603	161	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	20	a.	a.	NOUN
ajst-28603	161	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	22	2017	2017	NUM
ajst-28603	161	23	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	161	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	162	1	bayesian	bayesian	NOUN
ajst-28603	162	2	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	162	3	updating	updating	NOUN
ajst-28603	162	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	162	5	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ajst-28603	162	6	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	162	7	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	162	8	applied	apply	VERB
ajst-28603	162	9	to	to	ADP
ajst-28603	162	10	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	162	11	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	162	12	testing	testing	NOUN
ajst-28603	162	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	163	1	cfm	cfm	NOUN
ajst-28603	163	2	2017	2017	NUM
ajst-28603	163	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	163	4	23ème	23ème	NOUN
ajst-28603	163	5	congrès	congrès	PROPN
ajst-28603	163	6	français	français	PROPN
ajst-28603	163	7	de	de	X
ajst-28603	163	8	mécanique	mécanique	PROPN
ajst-28603	163	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	164	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	164	2	15	15	NUM
ajst-28603	164	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	164	4	zamen	zaman	NOUN
ajst-28603	164	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	164	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ajst-28603	164	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	164	8	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	164	9	dehghan	dehghan	PROPN
ajst-28603	164	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	164	11	niri	niri	PROPN
ajst-28603	164	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	164	13	e.	e.	PROPN
ajst-28603	164	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	164	15	2020	2020	NUM
ajst-28603	164	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	164	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	165	1	fractal	fractal	ADJ
ajst-28603	165	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	165	3	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	165	4	nonlinear	nonlinear	ADJ
ajst-28603	165	5	ultrasonic	ultrasonic	ADJ
ajst-28603	165	6	waves	wave	NOUN
ajst-28603	165	7	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	165	8	phase	phase	NOUN
ajst-28603	165	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	165	10	space	space	NOUN
ajst-28603	165	11	domain	domain	NOUN
ajst-28603	165	12	as	as	ADP
ajst-28603	165	13	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	165	14	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ajst-28603	165	15	method	method	NOUN
ajst-28603	165	16	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	165	17	damage	damage	NOUN
ajst-28603	165	18	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ajst-28603	165	19	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	165	20	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	165	21	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	165	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	166	1	ndt	ndt	PROPN
ajst-28603	166	2	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	166	3	e	e	PROPN
ajst-28603	166	4	international	international	PROPN
ajst-28603	166	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	166	6	111	111	NUM
ajst-28603	166	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	166	8	102235	102235	NUM
ajst-28603	166	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	167	2	16	16	NUM
ajst-28603	167	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	167	4	liu	liu	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	6	z.	z.	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	8	wang	wang	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	10	y.	y.	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	12	wang	wang	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	14	j.	j.	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	16	liu	liu	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	18	c.	c.	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	20	jiang	jiang	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	22	j.	j.	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	24	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	167	25	li	li	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	27	h.	h.	PROPN
ajst-28603	167	28	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	29	2022	2022	NUM
ajst-28603	167	30	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	167	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	168	1	experiment	experiment	NOUN
ajst-28603	168	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	168	3	simulation	simulation	NOUN
ajst-28603	168	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	168	5	chloride	chloride	NOUN
ajst-28603	168	6	ion	ion	NOUN
ajst-28603	168	7	transport	transport	NOUN
ajst-28603	168	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	168	9	binding	bind	VERB
ajst-28603	168	10	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	168	11	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	168	12	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	168	13	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	168	14	coupling	coupling	NOUN
ajst-28603	168	15	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	168	16	diffusion	diffusion	NOUN
ajst-28603	168	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	168	18	convection	convection	NOUN
ajst-28603	168	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	169	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajst-28603	169	2	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	169	3	building	build	VERB
ajst-28603	169	4	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	169	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	169	6	45	45	NUM
ajst-28603	169	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	169	8	103610	103610	NUM
ajst-28603	169	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	170	2	17	17	NUM
ajst-28603	170	3	]	]	SYM
ajst-28603	170	4	li	li	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	6	g.	g.	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	8	tan	tan	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	10	k.	k.	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	11	h.	h.	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	13	fung	fung	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	15	t.	t.	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	16	c.	c.	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	18	yu	yu	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	20	q.	q.	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	21	j.	j.	PROPN
ajst-28603	170	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	23	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	170	24	may	may	AUX
ajst-28603	170	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	26	m.	m.	NOUN
ajst-28603	170	27	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	28	2021	2021	NUM
ajst-28603	170	29	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	170	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	171	1	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	171	2	coupled	couple	VERB
ajst-28603	171	3	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajst-28603	171	4	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	171	5	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	171	6	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	171	7	for	for	ADP
ajst-28603	171	8	frp	frp	PROPN
ajst-28603	171	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	171	10	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	171	11	mixed	mixed	ADJ
ajst-28603	171	12	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	171	13	mode	mode	NOUN
ajst-28603	171	14	separation	separation	NOUN
ajst-28603	171	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	172	1	composite	composite	ADJ
ajst-28603	172	2	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	172	3	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	173	2	18	18	NUM
ajst-28603	173	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	173	4	chen	chen	PROPN
ajst-28603	173	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	6	b.	b.	PROPN
ajst-28603	173	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	8	yu	yu	PROPN
ajst-28603	173	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	10	h.	h.	PROPN
ajst-28603	173	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	12	zhang	zhang	PROPN
ajst-28603	173	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	14	j.	j.	PROPN
ajst-28603	173	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	16	ma	ma	PROPN
ajst-28603	173	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	18	h.	h.	PROPN
ajst-28603	173	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	20	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	173	21	tian	tian	PROPN
ajst-28603	173	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	23	f.	f.	PROPN
ajst-28603	173	24	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	25	2022	2022	NUM
ajst-28603	173	26	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	173	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	174	1	effects	effect	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	2	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	174	3	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	174	4	embedding	embedding	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	174	6	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	174	7	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	8	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	9	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	174	10	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	174	11	mesoscopic	mesoscopic	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	12	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	13	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	14	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	174	15	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	16	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-28603	174	17	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	174	18	case	case	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	19	study	study	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	20	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	174	21	uniaxial	uniaxial	ADJ
ajst-28603	174	22	tension	tension	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	174	24	compression	compression	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	25	tests	test	NOUN
ajst-28603	174	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	175	1	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	175	2	failure	failure	NOUN
ajst-28603	175	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	175	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	176	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	176	2	19	19	NUM
ajst-28603	176	3	]	]	SYM
ajst-28603	176	4	wu	wu	PROPN
ajst-28603	176	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	176	6	y.	y.	PROPN
ajst-28603	176	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	176	8	zhou	zhou	PROPN
ajst-28603	176	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	176	10	z.	z.	PROPN
ajst-28603	176	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	176	12	yang	yang	PROPN
ajst-28603	176	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	176	14	q.	q.	PROPN
ajst-28603	176	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	176	16	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	176	17	chen	chen	PROPN
ajst-28603	176	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	176	19	w.	w.	PROPN
ajst-28603	176	20	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	176	21	2010	2010	NUM
ajst-28603	176	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	176	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	177	1	on	on	ADP
ajst-28603	177	2	shear	shear	NOUN
ajst-28603	177	3	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	177	4	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-28603	177	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	177	6	frp	frp	ADJ
ajst-28603	177	7	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	177	8	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	177	9	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	177	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	178	1	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	178	2	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-28603	178	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	178	4	32(3	32(3	NUM
ajst-28603	178	5	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	178	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	178	7	897	897	NUM
ajst-28603	178	8	-	-	SYM
ajst-28603	178	9	905	905	NUM
ajst-28603	178	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	179	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	179	2	20	20	NUM
ajst-28603	179	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	179	4	jie	jie	PROPN
ajst-28603	179	5	xie	xie	PROPN
ajst-28603	179	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	179	7	xuehan	xuehan	PROPN
ajst-28603	179	8	wang	wang	PROPN
ajst-28603	179	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	179	10	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	179	11	yang	yang	PROPN
ajst-28603	179	12	liu	liu	PROPN
ajst-28603	179	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	180	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	180	2	2023).numerical	2023).numerical	NUM
ajst-28603	180	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	180	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	180	5	the	the	DET
ajst-28603	180	6	bond	bond	NOUN
ajst-28603	180	7	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-28603	180	8	between	between	ADP
ajst-28603	180	9	cfrp	cfrp	NOUN
ajst-28603	180	10	bars	bar	NOUN
ajst-28603	180	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-28603	180	12	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	180	13	under	under	ADP
ajst-28603	180	14	polar	polar	ADJ
ajst-28603	180	15	low	low	ADJ
ajst-28603	180	16	temperatures	temperature	NOUN
ajst-28603	180	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	181	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ajst-28603	181	2	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	181	3	harbin	harbin	PROPN
ajst-28603	181	4	institute	institute	PROPN
ajst-28603	181	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	181	6	technology	technology	PROPN
ajst-28603	181	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	181	8	1	1	NUM
ajst-28603	181	9	-	-	SYM
ajst-28603	181	10	15	15	NUM
ajst-28603	181	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	182	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	182	2	21	21	NUM
ajst-28603	182	3	]	]	X
ajst-28603	182	4	xu	xu	PROPN
ajst-28603	182	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	182	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ajst-28603	182	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	182	8	2020	2020	NUM
ajst-28603	182	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	182	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	183	1	discrete	discrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	183	2	element	element	NOUN
ajst-28603	183	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-28603	183	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	183	5	freeze	freeze	ADJ
ajst-28603	183	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-28603	183	7	thaw	thaw	NOUN
ajst-28603	183	8	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
ajst-28603	183	9	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	183	10	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-28603	183	11	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-28603	183	12	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	183	13	master	master	NOUN
ajst-28603	183	14	’s	’s	PART
ajst-28603	183	15	thesis	thesis	NOUN
ajst-28603	183	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	183	17	dalian	dalian	PROPN
ajst-28603	183	18	university	university	PROPN
ajst-28603	183	19	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	183	20	technology	technology	NOUN
ajst-28603	183	21	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	183	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	184	1	[	[	X
ajst-28603	184	2	22	22	NUM
ajst-28603	184	3	]	]	SYM
ajst-28603	184	4	ju	ju	PROPN
ajst-28603	184	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	184	6	h.	h.	PROPN
ajst-28603	184	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	184	8	&	&	CCONJ
ajst-28603	184	9	chen	chen	PROPN
ajst-28603	184	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	184	11	g.	g.	PROPN
ajst-28603	184	12	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	184	13	2008	2008	NUM
ajst-28603	184	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	184	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	185	1	numerical	numerical	PROPN
ajst-28603	185	2	simulation	simulation	PROPN
ajst-28603	185	3	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	185	4	crack	crack	VERB
ajst-28603	185	5	propagation	propagation	NOUN
ajst-28603	185	6	in	in	ADP
ajst-28603	185	7	concrete	concrete	ADJ
ajst-28603	185	8	beams	beam	NOUN
ajst-28603	185	9	using	use	VERB
ajst-28603	185	10	a	a	DET
ajst-28603	185	11	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-28603	185	12	zone	zone	NOUN
ajst-28603	185	13	model	model	NOUN
ajst-28603	185	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-28603	186	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ajst-28603	186	2	of	of	ADP
ajst-28603	186	3	zhengzhou	zhengzhou	PROPN
ajst-28603	186	4	university	university	PROPN
ajst-28603	186	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	186	6	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-28603	186	7	science	science	NOUN
ajst-28603	186	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	186	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	186	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-28603	186	11	03	03	NUM
ajst-28603	186	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-28603	186	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-28603	186	14	10	10	NUM
ajst-28603	186	15	-	-	SYM
ajst-28603	186	16	14	14	NUM
ajst-28603	186	17	.	.	PUNCT