id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ajst-30542	1	1	academic	academic	ADJ
ajst-30542	1	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	3	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	1	4	science	science	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	1	6	technology	technology	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	7	issn	issn	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	8	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-30542	1	9	2771	2771	NUM
ajst-30542	1	10	-	-	SYM
ajst-30542	1	11	3032	3032	NUM
ajst-30542	1	12	|	|	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	13	vol	vol	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	14	.	.	PROPN
ajst-30542	1	15	15	15	NUM
ajst-30542	1	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	1	17	no	no	INTJ
ajst-30542	1	18	.	.	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	19	1	1	NUM
ajst-30542	1	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	1	21	2025	2025	NUM
ajst-30542	1	22	164	164	NUM
ajst-30542	1	23	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	1	24	review	review	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	25	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	1	26	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	1	27	development	development	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	28	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	1	29	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	30	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	1	31	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	32	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	33	wenwei	wenwei	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	34	li1	li1	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	35	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	1	36	*	*	PROPN
ajst-30542	1	37	1college	1college	NUM
ajst-30542	1	38	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	1	39	geoscience	geoscience	PROPN
ajst-30542	1	40	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	1	41	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	42	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	1	43	north	north	PROPN
ajst-30542	1	44	china	china	PROPN
ajst-30542	1	45	university	university	PROPN
ajst-30542	1	46	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	1	47	water	water	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	48	resources	resource	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	49	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	1	50	electric	electric	ADJ
ajst-30542	1	51	power	power	NOUN
ajst-30542	1	52	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	1	53	450046	450046	NUM
ajst-30542	1	54	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	1	55	zhengzhou	zhengzhou	PROPN
ajst-30542	1	56	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	1	57	henan	henan	PROPN
ajst-30542	1	58	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	1	59	china	china	PROPN
ajst-30542	1	60	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	2	1	*	*	PUNCT
ajst-30542	2	2	corresponding	correspond	VERB
ajst-30542	2	3	author	author	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	4	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-30542	2	5	liwenwei0114@163.com	liwenwei0114@163.com	X
ajst-30542	2	6	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajst-30542	2	7	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-30542	2	8	against	against	ADP
ajst-30542	2	9	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	2	10	backdrop	backdrop	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	11	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	2	12	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ajst-30542	2	13	advancements	advancement	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	14	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	2	15	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	16	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	2	18	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	19	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	2	21	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	2	22	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	2	23	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-30542	2	24	component	component	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	25	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	2	26	transportation	transportation	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	2	28	water	water	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	29	conservancy	conservancy	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	2	31	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	2	32	other	other	ADJ
ajst-30542	2	33	fields	field	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	2	35	is	be	AUX
ajst-30542	2	36	becoming	become	VERB
ajst-30542	2	37	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
ajst-30542	2	38	prominent	prominent	ADJ
ajst-30542	2	39	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	2	40	importance	importance	NOUN
ajst-30542	2	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	3	1	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	3	2	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	3	3	faces	face	VERB
ajst-30542	3	4	numerous	numerous	ADJ
ajst-30542	3	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajst-30542	3	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	3	7	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	3	8	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	3	9	complex	complex	ADJ
ajst-30542	3	10	geological	geological	ADJ
ajst-30542	3	11	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	3	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	3	13	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	3	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	3	15	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-30542	3	16	environments	environment	NOUN
ajst-30542	3	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	4	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	4	2	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	4	3	system	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	4	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	4	5	as	as	SCONJ
ajst-30542	4	6	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	4	7	core	core	NOUN
ajst-30542	4	8	element	element	NOUN
ajst-30542	4	9	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	4	10	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	4	11	stability	stability	NOUN
ajst-30542	4	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	4	13	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	4	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	4	15	has	have	AUX
ajst-30542	4	16	seen	see	VERB
ajst-30542	4	17	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	4	18	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ajst-30542	4	19	evolution	evolution	NOUN
ajst-30542	4	20	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	4	21	its	its	PRON
ajst-30542	4	22	development	development	NOUN
ajst-30542	4	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	4	24	technological	technological	ADJ
ajst-30542	4	25	innovations	innovation	NOUN
ajst-30542	4	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	5	1	from	from	ADP
ajst-30542	5	2	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	5	3	early	early	ADJ
ajst-30542	5	4	simple	simple	ADJ
ajst-30542	5	5	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	5	6	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-30542	5	7	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	5	8	today	today	NOUN
ajst-30542	5	9	's	's	PART
ajst-30542	5	10	diversified	diversify	VERB
ajst-30542	5	11	composite	composite	ADJ
ajst-30542	5	12	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	5	13	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	5	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	5	15	significant	significant	ADJ
ajst-30542	5	16	progress	progress	NOUN
ajst-30542	5	17	has	have	AUX
ajst-30542	5	18	been	be	AUX
ajst-30542	5	19	made	make	VERB
ajst-30542	5	20	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	5	21	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-30542	5	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	5	23	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	5	24	forms	form	NOUN
ajst-30542	5	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	5	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	5	27	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	5	28	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-30542	5	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	6	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	6	2	development	development	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	6	4	application	application	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	6	6	new	new	ADJ
ajst-30542	6	7	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	8	have	have	AUX
ajst-30542	6	9	enhanced	enhance	VERB
ajst-30542	6	10	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	6	11	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	6	13	durability	durability	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	14	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	6	15	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	16	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	17	;	;	PUNCT
ajst-30542	6	18	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ajst-30542	6	19	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	6	20	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	21	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	22	enable	enable	VERB
ajst-30542	6	23	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	24	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	25	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	6	26	better	well	ADV
ajst-30542	6	27	adapt	adapt	VERB
ajst-30542	6	28	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	6	29	complex	complex	ADJ
ajst-30542	6	30	geological	geological	ADJ
ajst-30542	6	31	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	32	;	;	PUNCT
ajst-30542	6	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	6	34	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	6	35	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ajst-30542	6	36	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	37	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	6	38	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	39	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	40	has	have	AUX
ajst-30542	6	41	improved	improve	VERB
ajst-30542	6	42	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	43	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	6	44	quality	quality	NOUN
ajst-30542	6	45	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	7	1	this	this	DET
ajst-30542	7	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ajst-30542	7	3	aims	aim	VERB
ajst-30542	7	4	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	7	5	provide	provide	VERB
ajst-30542	7	6	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	7	7	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajst-30542	7	8	review	review	NOUN
ajst-30542	7	9	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	7	10	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	7	11	development	development	NOUN
ajst-30542	7	12	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	7	13	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	7	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	7	15	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	7	16	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	7	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	7	18	outlining	outline	VERB
ajst-30542	7	19	their	their	PRON
ajst-30542	7	20	evolutionary	evolutionary	ADJ
ajst-30542	7	21	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
ajst-30542	7	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	7	23	analyzing	analyze	VERB
ajst-30542	7	24	key	key	ADJ
ajst-30542	7	25	technological	technological	ADJ
ajst-30542	7	26	innovations	innovation	NOUN
ajst-30542	7	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	7	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	7	29	discussing	discuss	VERB
ajst-30542	7	30	current	current	ADJ
ajst-30542	7	31	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajst-30542	7	32	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	7	33	future	future	ADJ
ajst-30542	7	34	trends	trend	NOUN
ajst-30542	7	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	8	1	it	it	PRON
ajst-30542	8	2	seeks	seek	VERB
ajst-30542	8	3	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	8	4	offer	offer	VERB
ajst-30542	8	5	valuable	valuable	ADJ
ajst-30542	8	6	insights	insight	NOUN
ajst-30542	8	7	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	8	8	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	8	9	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	8	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	8	11	advancement	advancement	NOUN
ajst-30542	8	12	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	8	13	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	8	14	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-30542	8	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	9	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ajst-30542	9	2	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-30542	9	3	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	9	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	9	5	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	9	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	9	7	review	review	NOUN
ajst-30542	9	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	10	1	1	1	X
ajst-30542	10	2	.	.	X
ajst-30542	10	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ajst-30542	10	4	currently	currently	ADV
ajst-30542	10	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	10	6	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	10	7	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	10	8	is	be	AUX
ajst-30542	10	9	flourishing	flourish	VERB
ajst-30542	10	10	globally	globally	ADV
ajst-30542	10	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	10	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	10	13	china	china	PROPN
ajst-30542	10	14	has	have	AUX
ajst-30542	10	15	become	become	VERB
ajst-30542	10	16	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	10	17	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	10	18	powerhouse	powerhouse	NOUN
ajst-30542	10	19	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	10	20	its	its	PRON
ajst-30542	10	21	massive	massive	ADJ
ajst-30542	10	22	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	10	23	scale	scale	NOUN
ajst-30542	10	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	10	25	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ajst-30542	10	26	technology	technology	NOUN
ajst-30542	10	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	11	1	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	11	2	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	11	3	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	11	4	end	end	NOUN
ajst-30542	11	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	11	6	2022	2022	NUM
ajst-30542	11	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	11	8	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	11	9	total	total	ADJ
ajst-30542	11	10	length	length	NOUN
ajst-30542	11	11	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	11	12	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	11	13	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	11	14	china	china	PROPN
ajst-30542	11	15	has	have	AUX
ajst-30542	11	16	reached	reach	VERB
ajst-30542	11	17	48762	48762	NUM
ajst-30542	11	18	kilometers	kilometer	NOUN
ajst-30542	11	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	11	20	continues	continue	VERB
ajst-30542	11	21	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	11	22	grow	grow	VERB
ajst-30542	11	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	12	1	there	there	PRON
ajst-30542	12	2	are	be	VERB
ajst-30542	12	3	various	various	ADJ
ajst-30542	12	4	types	type	NOUN
ajst-30542	12	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	12	6	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	12	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	12	8	covering	cover	VERB
ajst-30542	12	9	areas	area	NOUN
ajst-30542	12	10	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	12	11	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	12	12	highways	highway	NOUN
ajst-30542	12	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	12	14	railways	railway	NOUN
ajst-30542	12	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	12	16	subways	subway	NOUN
ajst-30542	12	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	12	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	12	19	water	water	NOUN
ajst-30542	12	20	conservancy	conservancy	NOUN
ajst-30542	12	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	12	22	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	12	23	meet	meet	VERB
ajst-30542	12	24	different	different	ADJ
ajst-30542	12	25	transportation	transportation	NOUN
ajst-30542	12	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	12	27	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajst-30542	12	28	needs[1	needs[1	PROPN
ajst-30542	12	29	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-30542	12	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	13	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	13	2	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	13	3	system	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	13	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	13	5	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	13	6	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	13	7	key	key	ADJ
ajst-30542	13	8	component	component	NOUN
ajst-30542	13	9	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	13	10	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	13	11	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	13	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	13	13	has	have	AUX
ajst-30542	13	14	achieved	achieve	VERB
ajst-30542	13	15	significant	significant	ADJ
ajst-30542	13	16	development	development	NOUN
ajst-30542	13	17	results	result	NOUN
ajst-30542	13	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	14	1	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	14	2	terms	term	NOUN
ajst-30542	14	3	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	14	4	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-30542	14	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	14	6	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	14	7	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	14	8	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-30542	14	9	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ajst-30542	14	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	14	11	new	new	ADJ
ajst-30542	14	12	types	type	NOUN
ajst-30542	14	13	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	14	14	steel	steel	NOUN
ajst-30542	14	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	14	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	14	17	other	other	ADJ
ajst-30542	14	18	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-30542	14	19	are	be	AUX
ajst-30542	14	20	widely	widely	ADV
ajst-30542	14	21	used	use	VERB
ajst-30542	14	22	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	14	23	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajst-30542	14	24	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	14	25	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-30542	14	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	14	27	durability	durability	NOUN
ajst-30542	14	28	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	14	29	supporting	support	VERB
ajst-30542	14	30	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-30542	14	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	15	1	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	15	2	terms	term	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	3	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	15	4	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	15	5	form	form	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	15	7	it	it	PRON
ajst-30542	15	8	has	have	AUX
ajst-30542	15	9	evolved	evolve	VERB
ajst-30542	15	10	from	from	ADP
ajst-30542	15	11	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajst-30542	15	12	single	single	ADJ
ajst-30542	15	13	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	14	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	15	15	composite	composite	ADJ
ajst-30542	15	16	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	15	18	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	15	19	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	15	20	anchor	anchor	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	21	rod	rod	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	15	23	shotcrete	shotcrete	ADJ
ajst-30542	15	24	combined	combined	ADJ
ajst-30542	15	25	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	15	27	steel	steel	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	28	arch	arch	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	15	30	steel	steel	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	31	mesh	mesh	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	32	composite	composite	ADJ
ajst-30542	15	33	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	15	35	etc	etc	X
ajst-30542	15	36	.	.	X
ajst-30542	15	37	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	15	38	which	which	PRON
ajst-30542	15	39	can	can	AUX
ajst-30542	15	40	better	well	ADV
ajst-30542	15	41	adapt	adapt	VERB
ajst-30542	15	42	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	15	43	complex	complex	ADJ
ajst-30542	15	44	geological	geological	ADJ
ajst-30542	15	45	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	15	46	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	16	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	16	2	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ajst-30542	16	3	innovation	innovation	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	4	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	16	5	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	6	technology	technology	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	16	8	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	16	9	application	application	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	10	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	16	11	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ajst-30542	16	12	equipment	equipment	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	13	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	16	14	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	16	15	shield	shield	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	16	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	17	machines	machine	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	16	19	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	20	machines	machine	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	21	have	have	AUX
ajst-30542	16	22	improved	improve	VERB
ajst-30542	16	23	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	16	24	automation	automation	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	16	26	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	27	level	level	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	28	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	16	29	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	16	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	17	1	at	at	ADP
ajst-30542	17	2	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	17	3	same	same	ADJ
ajst-30542	17	4	time	time	NOUN
ajst-30542	17	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	17	6	information	information	NOUN
ajst-30542	17	7	technology	technology	NOUN
ajst-30542	17	8	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	17	9	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	17	10	bim	bim	NOUN
ajst-30542	17	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	17	12	gis	gis	PROPN
ajst-30542	17	13	has	have	AUX
ajst-30542	17	14	been	be	AUX
ajst-30542	17	15	promoted	promote	VERB
ajst-30542	17	16	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	17	17	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	17	18	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	17	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	17	20	achieving	achieve	VERB
ajst-30542	17	21	precise	precise	ADJ
ajst-30542	17	22	management	management	NOUN
ajst-30542	17	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	17	24	efficient	efficient	ADJ
ajst-30542	17	25	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ajst-30542	17	26	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	17	27	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	17	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	18	1	however	however	ADV
ajst-30542	18	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	18	3	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	4	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	5	still	still	ADV
ajst-30542	18	6	faces	face	VERB
ajst-30542	18	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	8	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	18	9	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	18	10	complex	complex	ADJ
ajst-30542	18	11	geology	geology	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	18	13	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	14	risks	risk	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	18	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	18	17	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	18	18	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	19	system	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	20	needs	need	VERB
ajst-30542	18	21	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	18	22	be	be	AUX
ajst-30542	18	23	continuously	continuously	ADV
ajst-30542	18	24	optimized	optimize	VERB
ajst-30542	18	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	18	26	upgraded	upgrade	VERB
ajst-30542	18	27	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	18	28	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	18	29	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	18	30	long	long	ADJ
ajst-30542	18	31	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	18	32	term	term	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	33	stability	stability	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	34	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	18	35	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	36	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	18	37	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	18	38	engineering[2	engineering[2	NUM
ajst-30542	18	39	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-30542	18	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	19	1	2	2	X
ajst-30542	19	2	.	.	NUM
ajst-30542	19	3	types	type	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	19	5	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	6	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	19	7	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	19	9	1	1	X
ajst-30542	19	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	19	11	railway	railway	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	12	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	13	railway	railway	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	14	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	15	are	be	AUX
ajst-30542	19	16	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-30542	19	17	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	18	enabling	enable	VERB
ajst-30542	19	19	rail	rail	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	20	lines	line	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	21	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	19	22	traverse	traverse	VERB
ajst-30542	19	23	natural	natural	ADJ
ajst-30542	19	24	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	25	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	19	26	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	19	27	mountains	mountain	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	19	29	rivers	river	NOUN
ajst-30542	19	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	20	1	by	by	ADP
ajst-30542	20	2	shortening	shorten	VERB
ajst-30542	20	3	route	route	NOUN
ajst-30542	20	4	distances	distance	NOUN
ajst-30542	20	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	20	6	reducing	reduce	VERB
ajst-30542	20	7	gradient	gradient	NOUN
ajst-30542	20	8	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ajst-30542	20	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	20	10	they	they	PRON
ajst-30542	20	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajst-30542	20	12	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajst-30542	20	13	operational	operational	ADJ
ajst-30542	20	14	speed	speed	NOUN
ajst-30542	20	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	20	16	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	20	17	while	while	SCONJ
ajst-30542	20	18	adapting	adapt	VERB
ajst-30542	20	19	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	20	20	complex	complex	ADJ
ajst-30542	20	21	terrain	terrain	NOUN
ajst-30542	20	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	20	23	lowering	lower	VERB
ajst-30542	20	24	long	long	ADJ
ajst-30542	20	25	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	20	26	term	term	NOUN
ajst-30542	20	27	costs	cost	NOUN
ajst-30542	20	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	1	their	their	PRON
ajst-30542	21	2	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	3	must	must	AUX
ajst-30542	21	4	accommodate	accommodate	VERB
ajst-30542	21	5	railway	railway	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	6	load	load	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	7	requirements	requirement	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	9	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
ajst-30542	21	10	auxiliary	auxiliary	ADJ
ajst-30542	21	11	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	12	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	21	13	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	21	14	ventilation	ventilation	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	16	lighting	lighting	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	21	19	drainage	drainage	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	21	22	employ	employ	VERB
ajst-30542	21	23	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	24	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	25	—	—	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	26	including	include	VERB
ajst-30542	21	27	drill	drill	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	28	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	21	30	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	31	blast	blast	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	33	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	34	boring	boring	ADJ
ajst-30542	21	35	machine	machine	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	36	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	37	tbm	tbm	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	38	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	39	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	40	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-30542	21	41	shield	shield	VERB
ajst-30542	21	42	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	43	—	—	PUNCT
ajst-30542	21	44	tailored	tailor	VERB
ajst-30542	21	45	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	21	46	geological	geological	ADJ
ajst-30542	21	47	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	48	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	21	49	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	21	50	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	21	51	stability	stability	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	52	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	21	53	ride	ride	VERB
ajst-30542	21	54	comfort	comfort	NOUN
ajst-30542	21	55	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	22	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	22	2	2	2	X
ajst-30542	22	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	22	4	highway	highway	NOUN
ajst-30542	22	5	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	22	6	highway	highway	NOUN
ajst-30542	22	7	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	22	8	serve	serve	VERB
ajst-30542	22	9	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	22	10	essential	essential	ADJ
ajst-30542	22	11	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajst-30542	22	12	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	22	13	optimizing	optimize	VERB
ajst-30542	22	14	road	road	NOUN
ajst-30542	22	15	alignment	alignment	NOUN
ajst-30542	22	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	22	17	improving	improve	VERB
ajst-30542	22	18	traffic	traffic	NOUN
ajst-30542	22	19	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	22	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	23	1	they	they	PRON
ajst-30542	23	2	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajst-30542	23	3	travel	travel	NOUN
ajst-30542	23	4	distances	distance	NOUN
ajst-30542	23	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	23	6	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
ajst-30542	23	7	accident	accident	NOUN
ajst-30542	23	8	risks	risk	NOUN
ajst-30542	23	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	23	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	23	11	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ajst-30542	23	12	passage	passage	NOUN
ajst-30542	23	13	through	through	ADP
ajst-30542	23	14	challenging	challenge	VERB
ajst-30542	23	15	terrains	terrain	NOUN
ajst-30542	23	16	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	23	17	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	23	18	mountainous	mountainous	ADJ
ajst-30542	23	19	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-30542	23	20	river	river	NOUN
ajst-30542	23	21	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	23	22	crossing	crossing	NOUN
ajst-30542	23	23	areas	area	NOUN
ajst-30542	23	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	24	1	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	2	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	3	include	include	VERB
ajst-30542	24	4	vehicular	vehicular	ADJ
ajst-30542	24	5	traffic	traffic	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	6	demands	demand	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	24	8	geological	geological	ADJ
ajst-30542	24	9	constraints	constraint	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	24	11	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	24	12	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	13	measures	measure	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	14	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	24	15	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	24	16	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	17	bolts	bolt	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	24	19	shotcrete	shotcrete	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	20	applied	apply	VERB
ajst-30542	24	21	during	during	ADP
ajst-30542	24	22	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	24	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	25	1	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-30542	25	2	like	like	ADP
ajst-30542	25	3	drill	drill	NOUN
ajst-30542	25	4	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	25	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	25	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	25	7	blast	blast	NOUN
ajst-30542	25	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	25	9	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	25	10	new	new	ADJ
ajst-30542	25	11	austrian	austrian	ADJ
ajst-30542	25	12	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	25	13	method	method	NOUN
ajst-30542	25	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	25	15	natm	natm	PROPN
ajst-30542	25	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	25	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	25	18	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-30542	25	19	shield	shield	NOUN
ajst-30542	25	20	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	25	21	are	be	AUX
ajst-30542	25	22	employed	employ	VERB
ajst-30542	25	23	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	25	24	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	25	25	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	25	26	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ajst-30542	25	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	25	28	driving	drive	VERB
ajst-30542	25	29	comfort	comfort	NOUN
ajst-30542	25	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	26	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ajst-30542	26	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	26	3	ventilation	ventilation	NOUN
ajst-30542	26	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	26	5	lighting	lighting	NOUN
ajst-30542	26	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	26	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	26	8	fire	fire	NOUN
ajst-30542	26	9	protection	protection	NOUN
ajst-30542	26	10	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	26	11	are	be	AUX
ajst-30542	26	12	optimized	optimize	VERB
ajst-30542	26	13	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	26	14	operational	operational	ADJ
ajst-30542	26	15	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	26	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	27	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	27	2	3)subway	3)subway	NUM
ajst-30542	27	3	tunnels	tunnel	VERB
ajst-30542	27	4	subway	subway	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	5	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	6	form	form	VERB
ajst-30542	27	7	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	27	8	backbone	backbone	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	9	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	27	10	urban	urban	ADJ
ajst-30542	27	11	rail	rail	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	12	transit	transit	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	13	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	27	15	alleviating	alleviate	VERB
ajst-30542	27	16	surface	surface	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	17	traffic	traffic	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	18	congestion	congestion	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	27	20	enabling	enable	VERB
ajst-30542	27	21	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	27	22	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	27	23	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	27	25	rapid	rapid	ADJ
ajst-30542	27	26	transit	transit	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	27	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	27	28	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajst-30542	27	29	urban	urban	ADJ
ajst-30542	27	30	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ajst-30542	27	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	28	1	their	their	PRON
ajst-30542	28	2	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	3	must	must	AUX
ajst-30542	28	4	meet	meet	VERB
ajst-30542	28	5	operational	operational	ADJ
ajst-30542	28	6	requirements	requirement	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	7	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	28	8	train	train	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	9	movement	movement	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	28	11	passenger	passenger	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	12	comfort	comfort	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	28	14	integrating	integrate	VERB
ajst-30542	28	15	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-30542	28	16	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	17	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	28	18	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	28	19	ventilation	ventilation	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	28	21	lighting	lighting	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	28	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	28	24	disaster	disaster	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	25	prevention	prevention	NOUN
ajst-30542	28	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	29	1	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	2	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	3	—	—	PUNCT
ajst-30542	29	4	including	include	VERB
ajst-30542	29	5	shallow	shallow	ADJ
ajst-30542	29	6	cover	cover	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	7	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	29	9	shield	shield	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	10	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	11	—	—	PUNCT
ajst-30542	29	12	are	be	AUX
ajst-30542	29	13	selected	select	VERB
ajst-30542	29	14	based	base	VERB
ajst-30542	29	15	on	on	ADP
ajst-30542	29	16	urban	urban	ADJ
ajst-30542	29	17	geological	geological	ADJ
ajst-30542	29	18	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	19	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	29	20	minimize	minimize	VERB
ajst-30542	29	21	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	22	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	29	24	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	29	25	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	29	26	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	29	28	operational	operational	ADJ
ajst-30542	29	29	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajst-30542	29	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	30	1	165	165	NUM
ajst-30542	30	2	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	30	3	4)hydraulic	4)hydraulic	ADJ
ajst-30542	30	4	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	5	hydraulic	hydraulic	ADJ
ajst-30542	30	6	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	7	are	be	AUX
ajst-30542	30	8	vital	vital	ADJ
ajst-30542	30	9	components	component	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	10	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	30	11	water	water	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	12	conservancy	conservancy	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	13	projects	project	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	30	15	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
ajst-30542	30	16	functions	function	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	17	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	30	18	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	30	19	water	water	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	20	diversion	diversion	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	30	22	drainage	drainage	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	30	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	30	25	conveyance	conveyance	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	26	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	30	27	optimize	optimize	VERB
ajst-30542	30	28	resource	resource	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	29	allocation	allocation	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	30	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	30	31	improve	improve	VERB
ajst-30542	30	32	flood	flood	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	33	control	control	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	30	35	irrigation	irrigation	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	30	37	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	30	38	power	power	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	39	generation	generation	NOUN
ajst-30542	30	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	31	1	their	their	PRON
ajst-30542	31	2	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	3	must	must	AUX
ajst-30542	31	4	withstand	withstand	VERB
ajst-30542	31	5	hydraulic	hydraulic	ADJ
ajst-30542	31	6	pressure	pressure	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	31	8	flow	flow	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	31	10	induced	induce	VERB
ajst-30542	31	11	erosion	erosion	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	31	13	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
ajst-30542	31	14	alignment	alignment	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	15	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	31	17	lining	lining	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	18	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	19	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	31	20	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	31	21	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajst-30542	31	22	water	water	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	23	passage	passage	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	31	25	impermeability	impermeability	NOUN
ajst-30542	31	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	32	1	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	2	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	3	—	—	PUNCT
ajst-30542	32	4	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	32	5	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	32	6	drill	drill	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	7	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	32	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	32	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	32	10	blast	blast	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	32	12	shield	shield	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	13	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	32	15	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-30542	32	16	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	17	jacking	jacking	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	18	—	—	PUNCT
ajst-30542	32	19	are	be	AUX
ajst-30542	32	20	implemented	implement	VERB
ajst-30542	32	21	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	32	22	tailored	tailored	ADJ
ajst-30542	32	23	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	24	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	32	25	waterproofing	waterproof	VERB
ajst-30542	32	26	measures	measure	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	27	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	32	28	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
ajst-30542	32	29	long	long	ADJ
ajst-30542	32	30	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	32	31	term	term	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	32	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	32	33	stability	stability	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	34	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	32	35	operational	operational	ADJ
ajst-30542	32	36	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	37	under	under	ADP
ajst-30542	32	38	varying	vary	VERB
ajst-30542	32	39	geological	geological	ADJ
ajst-30542	32	40	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	32	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	33	1	3	3	X
ajst-30542	33	2	.	.	X
ajst-30542	33	3	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	4	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	5	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	6	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-30542	33	7	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	33	8	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-30542	33	9	safeguard	safeguard	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	10	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	33	11	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	12	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	13	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	33	14	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	33	15	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ajst-30542	33	16	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	17	measure	measure	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	18	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	33	19	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	20	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	33	22	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	23	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	24	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	25	play	play	VERB
ajst-30542	33	26	an	an	DET
ajst-30542	33	27	indispensable	indispensable	ADJ
ajst-30542	33	28	role	role	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	29	throughout	throughout	ADP
ajst-30542	33	30	all	all	DET
ajst-30542	33	31	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-30542	33	32	phases	phase	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	33	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	33	34	both	both	CCONJ
ajst-30542	33	35	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	36	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	33	37	operation	operation	NOUN
ajst-30542	33	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	34	1	during	during	ADP
ajst-30542	34	2	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	34	3	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	34	4	phase	phase	NOUN
ajst-30542	34	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	34	6	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	34	7	excavation	excavation	NOUN
ajst-30542	34	8	disrupts	disrupt	VERB
ajst-30542	34	9	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	34	10	original	original	ADJ
ajst-30542	34	11	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-30542	34	12	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
ajst-30542	34	13	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	34	14	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	34	15	surrounding	surround	VERB
ajst-30542	34	16	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	34	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	34	18	leading	lead	VERB
ajst-30542	34	19	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	34	20	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-30542	34	21	redistribution	redistribution	NOUN
ajst-30542	34	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	35	1	localized	localize	VERB
ajst-30542	35	2	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-30542	35	3	concentrations	concentration	NOUN
ajst-30542	35	4	may	may	AUX
ajst-30542	35	5	result	result	VERB
ajst-30542	35	6	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	35	7	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ
ajst-30542	35	8	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	35	9	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	35	10	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	35	11	collapses	collapse	NOUN
ajst-30542	35	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	35	13	roof	roof	NOUN
ajst-30542	35	14	falls	fall	VERB
ajst-30542	35	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	36	1	at	at	ADP
ajst-30542	36	2	this	this	DET
ajst-30542	36	3	stage	stage	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	36	5	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	6	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	7	—	—	PUNCT
ajst-30542	36	8	including	include	VERB
ajst-30542	36	9	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	10	bolts	bolt	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	36	12	shotcrete	shotcrete	ADJ
ajst-30542	36	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	36	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	36	15	steel	steel	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	16	arches	arch	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	17	—	—	PUNCT
ajst-30542	36	18	act	act	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	19	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	36	20	robust	robust	ADJ
ajst-30542	36	21	defensive	defensive	ADJ
ajst-30542	36	22	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	36	24	actively	actively	ADV
ajst-30542	36	25	applying	apply	VERB
ajst-30542	36	26	restraining	restraining	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	27	forces	force	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	28	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	36	29	control	control	VERB
ajst-30542	36	30	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	31	deformation	deformation	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	32	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	36	33	prevent	prevent	VERB
ajst-30542	36	34	excessive	excessive	ADJ
ajst-30542	36	35	convergence	convergence	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	36	into	into	ADP
ajst-30542	36	37	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	36	38	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	36	39	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	37	1	this	this	PRON
ajst-30542	37	2	ensures	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	37	3	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	37	4	relatively	relatively	ADV
ajst-30542	37	5	safe	safe	ADJ
ajst-30542	37	6	working	working	NOUN
ajst-30542	37	7	environment	environment	NOUN
ajst-30542	37	8	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	37	9	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	37	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	37	11	equipment	equipment	NOUN
ajst-30542	37	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	38	1	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	38	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	38	4	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	38	5	weak	weak	ADJ
ajst-30542	38	6	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	7	zones	zone	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	38	9	delayed	delay	VERB
ajst-30542	38	10	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-30542	38	11	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ajst-30542	38	12	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	13	could	could	AUX
ajst-30542	38	14	trigger	trigger	VERB
ajst-30542	38	15	large	large	ADJ
ajst-30542	38	16	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	38	17	scale	scale	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	18	deformation	deformation	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	38	20	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	21	collapse	collapse	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	22	within	within	ADP
ajst-30542	38	23	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	38	24	short	short	ADJ
ajst-30542	38	25	timeframe	timeframe	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	38	27	causing	cause	VERB
ajst-30542	38	28	project	project	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	29	delays	delay	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	38	31	casualties	casualty	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	38	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	38	34	significant	significant	ADJ
ajst-30542	38	35	economic	economic	ADJ
ajst-30542	38	36	losses	loss	NOUN
ajst-30542	38	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	39	1	properly	properly	ADV
ajst-30542	39	2	designed	design	VERB
ajst-30542	39	3	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	39	4	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	39	5	substantially	substantially	ADV
ajst-30542	39	6	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
ajst-30542	39	7	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	39	8	risks	risk	NOUN
ajst-30542	39	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	39	10	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	39	11	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajst-30542	39	12	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	39	13	progress[3	progress[3	PROPN
ajst-30542	39	14	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-30542	39	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	40	1	under	under	ADP
ajst-30542	40	2	complex	complex	ADJ
ajst-30542	40	3	geological	geological	ADJ
ajst-30542	40	4	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	40	5	—	—	PUNCT
ajst-30542	40	6	such	such	ADJ
ajst-30542	40	7	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	40	8	fault	fault	NOUN
ajst-30542	40	9	fracture	fracture	NOUN
ajst-30542	40	10	zones	zone	NOUN
ajst-30542	40	11	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-30542	40	12	weak	weak	ADJ
ajst-30542	40	13	surrounding	surround	VERB
ajst-30542	40	14	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	40	15	—	—	PUNCT
ajst-30542	40	16	where	where	SCONJ
ajst-30542	40	17	stability	stability	NOUN
ajst-30542	40	18	is	be	AUX
ajst-30542	40	19	compromised	compromise	VERB
ajst-30542	40	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	40	21	groundwater	groundwater	NOUN
ajst-30542	40	22	activity	activity	NOUN
ajst-30542	40	23	is	be	AUX
ajst-30542	40	24	frequent	frequent	ADJ
ajst-30542	40	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	40	26	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	40	27	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	40	28	become	become	VERB
ajst-30542	40	29	even	even	ADV
ajst-30542	40	30	more	more	ADV
ajst-30542	40	31	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-30542	40	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	41	1	they	they	PRON
ajst-30542	41	2	not	not	PART
ajst-30542	41	3	only	only	ADV
ajst-30542	41	4	block	block	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	5	groundwater	groundwater	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	6	infiltration	infiltration	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	41	8	preventing	prevent	VERB
ajst-30542	41	9	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	10	softening	softening	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	41	12	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	13	reduction	reduction	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	41	15	but	but	CCONJ
ajst-30542	41	16	also	also	ADV
ajst-30542	41	17	enhance	enhance	VERB
ajst-30542	41	18	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	41	19	overall	overall	ADJ
ajst-30542	41	20	load	load	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	21	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	41	22	bearing	bear	VERB
ajst-30542	41	23	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	24	through	through	ADP
ajst-30542	41	25	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	26	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	41	27	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	41	28	surrounding	surround	VERB
ajst-30542	41	29	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	41	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	42	1	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	42	2	example	example	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	42	4	when	when	SCONJ
ajst-30542	42	5	traversing	traverse	VERB
ajst-30542	42	6	fault	fault	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	7	zones	zone	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	42	9	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	42	11	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	12	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	13	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	42	15	optimized	optimize	VERB
ajst-30542	42	16	configurations	configuration	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	17	can	can	AUX
ajst-30542	42	18	integrate	integrate	VERB
ajst-30542	42	19	fractured	fractured	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	20	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	21	masses	masse	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	22	into	into	ADP
ajst-30542	42	23	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	42	24	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	25	structure	structure	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	42	27	distributing	distribute	VERB
ajst-30542	42	28	loads	load	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	29	evenly	evenly	ADV
ajst-30542	42	30	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	42	31	preventing	prevent	VERB
ajst-30542	42	32	localized	localized	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	33	instability	instability	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	34	from	from	ADP
ajst-30542	42	35	triggering	trigger	VERB
ajst-30542	42	36	catastrophic	catastrophic	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	37	failures.for	failures.for	ADP
ajst-30542	42	38	different	different	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	39	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	40	types	type	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	41	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	42	42	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	43	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	44	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	42	45	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	46	must	must	AUX
ajst-30542	42	47	adapt	adapt	VERB
ajst-30542	42	48	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	42	49	distinct	distinct	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	50	functional	functional	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	51	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	42	52	geological	geological	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	53	requirements[4	requirements[4	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	54	]	]	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	55	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-30542	42	56	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	42	57	1	1	X
ajst-30542	42	58	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	42	59	railway	railway	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	60	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	61	demand	demand	VERB
ajst-30542	42	62	ultra	ultra	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	63	-	-	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	64	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	65	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	66	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	42	67	stability	stability	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	68	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	42	69	withstand	withstand	VERB
ajst-30542	42	70	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajst-30542	42	71	train	train	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	72	loads	load	NOUN
ajst-30542	42	73	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	43	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	43	2	2	2	X
ajst-30542	43	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	43	4	highway	highway	NOUN
ajst-30542	43	5	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	43	6	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
ajst-30542	43	7	driving	drive	VERB
ajst-30542	43	8	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	43	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	43	10	comfort	comfort	NOUN
ajst-30542	43	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	43	12	requiring	require	VERB
ajst-30542	43	13	integrated	integrated	ADJ
ajst-30542	43	14	ventilation	ventilation	NOUN
ajst-30542	43	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	43	16	lighting	lighting	NOUN
ajst-30542	43	17	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ajst-30542	43	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	44	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	44	2	3	3	X
ajst-30542	44	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	44	4	subway	subway	NOUN
ajst-30542	44	5	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	44	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	44	7	often	often	ADV
ajst-30542	44	8	constructed	construct	VERB
ajst-30542	44	9	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	44	10	urban	urban	ADJ
ajst-30542	44	11	subterranean	subterranean	ADJ
ajst-30542	44	12	spaces	space	NOUN
ajst-30542	44	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	44	14	necessitate	necessitate	ADJ
ajst-30542	44	15	precision	precision	NOUN
ajst-30542	44	16	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	44	17	engineered	engineer	VERB
ajst-30542	44	18	supports	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	44	19	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	44	20	confined	confine	VERB
ajst-30542	44	21	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	44	22	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	44	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	45	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	45	2	4	4	X
ajst-30542	45	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	45	4	hydraulic	hydraulic	ADJ
ajst-30542	45	5	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	45	6	require	require	VERB
ajst-30542	45	7	exceptional	exceptional	ADJ
ajst-30542	45	8	waterproofing	waterproofing	NOUN
ajst-30542	45	9	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	45	10	resist	resist	VERB
ajst-30542	45	11	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	45	12	water	water	NOUN
ajst-30542	45	13	pressures	pressure	NOUN
ajst-30542	45	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	46	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
ajst-30542	46	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	46	3	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	46	4	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	46	5	employ	employ	VERB
ajst-30542	46	6	tailored	tailor	VERB
ajst-30542	46	7	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	46	8	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-30542	46	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	46	10	scientifically	scientifically	ADV
ajst-30542	46	11	optimized	optimize	VERB
ajst-30542	46	12	parameters	parameter	NOUN
ajst-30542	46	13	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	46	14	form	form	VERB
ajst-30542	46	15	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	46	16	synergistic	synergistic	ADJ
ajst-30542	46	17	load	load	NOUN
ajst-30542	46	18	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	46	19	bearing	bear	VERB
ajst-30542	46	20	system	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	46	21	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	46	22	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	46	23	surrounding	surround	VERB
ajst-30542	46	24	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	46	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	47	1	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	47	2	example	example	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	47	4	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	47	5	subway	subway	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	6	shield	shield	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	7	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	47	9	precise	precise	ADJ
ajst-30542	47	10	control	control	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	11	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	47	12	thrust	thrust	ADJ
ajst-30542	47	13	pressure	pressure	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	47	15	segment	segment	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	16	assembly	assembly	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	17	ensures	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	47	18	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	47	19	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	47	21	watertightness	watertightness	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	47	23	preventing	prevent	VERB
ajst-30542	47	24	leaks	leak	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	47	26	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	47	27	settlement[5	settlement[5	PROPN
ajst-30542	47	28	]	]	X
ajst-30542	47	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	48	1	through	through	ADP
ajst-30542	48	2	these	these	DET
ajst-30542	48	3	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajst-30542	48	4	measures	measure	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	48	6	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	7	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	8	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	9	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
ajst-30542	48	10	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	48	11	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	12	during	during	ADP
ajst-30542	48	13	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	48	15	operation	operation	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	48	17	extend	extend	VERB
ajst-30542	48	18	service	service	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	19	life	life	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	48	21	minimize	minimize	VERB
ajst-30542	48	22	operational	operational	ADJ
ajst-30542	48	23	risks	risk	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	48	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	48	26	deliver	deliver	VERB
ajst-30542	48	27	reliable	reliable	ADJ
ajst-30542	48	28	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	29	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	48	30	transportation	transportation	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	31	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	48	32	water	water	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	33	management	management	NOUN
ajst-30542	48	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	49	1	4	4	X
ajst-30542	49	2	.	.	X
ajst-30542	49	3	application	application	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	49	5	key	key	ADJ
ajst-30542	49	6	core	core	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	7	technologies	technology	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	8	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	49	9	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	10	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	11	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	12	1	1	NUM
ajst-30542	49	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	49	14	forepoling	forepole	VERB
ajst-30542	49	15	forepoling	forepole	VERB
ajst-30542	49	16	involves	involve	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	17	installing	instal	VERB
ajst-30542	49	18	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	49	19	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	49	20	strength	strength	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	49	22	corrosionresistant	corrosionresistant	ADJ
ajst-30542	49	23	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	24	bolts	bolt	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	25	ahead	ahead	ADV
ajst-30542	49	26	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	49	27	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	49	28	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	29	face	face	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	30	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	49	31	grouting	grout	VERB
ajst-30542	49	32	them	they	PRON
ajst-30542	49	33	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	49	34	create	create	VERB
ajst-30542	49	35	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	49	36	pre	pre	ADJ
ajst-30542	49	37	-	-	ADJ
ajst-30542	49	38	support	support	ADJ
ajst-30542	49	39	system	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	40	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	49	41	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	49	42	precise	precise	ADJ
ajst-30542	49	43	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	44	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	49	45	bolt	bolt	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	46	diameter	diameter	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	47	/	/	SYM
ajst-30542	49	48	angle	angle	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	49	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	49	50	reliable	reliable	ADJ
ajst-30542	49	51	bonding	bonding	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	52	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	49	53	surrounding	surround	VERB
ajst-30542	49	54	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	49	55	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	50	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	50	2	technique	technique	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	3	requires	require	VERB
ajst-30542	50	4	adequate	adequate	ADJ
ajst-30542	50	5	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ajst-30542	50	6	overlap	overlap	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	50	8	connection	connection	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	9	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	50	10	steel	steel	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	11	arches	arch	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	12	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	50	13	integrated	integrated	ADJ
ajst-30542	50	14	load	load	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	15	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	50	16	bearing	bear	VERB
ajst-30542	50	17	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	50	19	while	while	SCONJ
ajst-30542	50	20	real	real	ADJ
ajst-30542	50	21	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	50	22	time	time	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	23	stress	stress	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	24	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	25	allows	allow	VERB
ajst-30542	50	26	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajst-30542	50	27	parameter	parameter	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	28	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	29	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	50	30	control	control	VERB
ajst-30542	50	31	deformation	deformation	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	32	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	50	33	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	50	34	excavation	excavation	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	35	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	36	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	50	37	unstable	unstable	ADJ
ajst-30542	50	38	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	39	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	50	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	51	1	2	2	X
ajst-30542	51	2	.	.	X
ajst-30542	51	3	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	4	roofing	roofing	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	5	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	6	roofing	roofing	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	7	utilizes	utilize	VERB
ajst-30542	51	8	large	large	ADJ
ajst-30542	51	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	51	10	diameter	diameter	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	11	steel	steel	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	12	pipes	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	13	installed	instal	VERB
ajst-30542	51	14	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	51	15	an	an	DET
ajst-30542	51	16	optimized	optimize	VERB
ajst-30542	51	17	pattern	pattern	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	18	ahead	ahead	ADV
ajst-30542	51	19	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	51	20	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	51	21	face	face	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	22	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	51	23	form	form	VERB
ajst-30542	51	24	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	51	25	protective	protective	ADJ
ajst-30542	51	26	canopy	canopy	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	51	28	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajst-30542	51	29	effective	effective	ADJ
ajst-30542	51	30	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	51	31	weak	weak	ADJ
ajst-30542	51	32	strata	strata	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	33	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-30542	51	34	urban	urban	ADJ
ajst-30542	51	35	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	51	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	52	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	52	2	system	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	3	's	's	PART
ajst-30542	52	4	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	5	depends	depend	VERB
ajst-30542	52	6	on	on	ADP
ajst-30542	52	7	precise	precise	ADJ
ajst-30542	52	8	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	9	alignment	alignment	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	10	/	/	SYM
ajst-30542	52	11	verticality	verticality	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	12	control	control	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	52	14	grout	grout	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	15	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	16	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	52	17	surrounding	surround	VERB
ajst-30542	52	18	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	52	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	52	21	robust	robust	ADJ
ajst-30542	52	22	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ajst-30542	52	23	connections	connection	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	24	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	52	25	create	create	VERB
ajst-30542	52	26	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	52	27	combined	combine	VERB
ajst-30542	52	28	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	29	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	52	30	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	31	load	load	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	32	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	52	33	bearing	bear	VERB
ajst-30542	52	34	structure	structure	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	35	that	that	PRON
ajst-30542	52	36	prevents	prevent	VERB
ajst-30542	52	37	collapses	collapse	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	38	during	during	ADP
ajst-30542	52	39	excavation	excavation	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	40	beneath	beneath	ADP
ajst-30542	52	41	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ
ajst-30542	52	42	areas	area	NOUN
ajst-30542	52	43	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	53	1	3	3	X
ajst-30542	53	2	.	.	X
ajst-30542	53	3	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	53	4	curtain	curtain	NOUN
ajst-30542	53	5	this	this	DET
ajst-30542	53	6	shallow	shallow	ADJ
ajst-30542	53	7	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	53	8	solution	solution	NOUN
ajst-30542	53	9	creates	create	VERB
ajst-30542	53	10	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	53	11	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ajst-30542	53	12	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN
ajst-30542	53	13	through	through	ADP
ajst-30542	53	14	tightly	tightly	ADV
ajst-30542	53	15	spaced	space	VERB
ajst-30542	53	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	53	17	grout	grout	NOUN
ajst-30542	53	18	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	53	19	filled	fill	VERB
ajst-30542	53	20	steel	steel	NOUN
ajst-30542	53	21	pipes	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	53	22	installed	instal	VERB
ajst-30542	53	23	using	use	VERB
ajst-30542	53	24	directional	directional	ADJ
ajst-30542	53	25	drilling	drilling	NOUN
ajst-30542	53	26	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	53	27	minimal	minimal	ADJ
ajst-30542	53	28	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ajst-30542	53	29	impact	impact	NOUN
ajst-30542	53	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	54	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	54	2	system	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	3	's	's	PART
ajst-30542	54	4	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	5	relies	rely	VERB
ajst-30542	54	6	on	on	ADP
ajst-30542	54	7	precise	precise	ADJ
ajst-30542	54	8	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	9	alignment	alignment	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	54	11	transverse	transverse	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	12	connections	connection	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	13	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	54	14	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	54	15	rigidity	rigidity	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	54	17	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	54	18	real	real	ADJ
ajst-30542	54	19	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	54	20	time	time	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	21	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	22	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	54	23	adjust	adjust	VERB
ajst-30542	54	24	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	25	parameters	parameter	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	26	as	as	SCONJ
ajst-30542	54	27	needed	need	VERB
ajst-30542	54	28	when	when	SCONJ
ajst-30542	54	29	working	work	VERB
ajst-30542	54	30	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	54	31	soft	soft	ADJ
ajst-30542	54	32	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	33	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-30542	54	34	urban	urban	ADJ
ajst-30542	54	35	environments	environment	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	36	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	54	37	strict	strict	ADJ
ajst-30542	54	38	deformation	deformation	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	39	controls	control	NOUN
ajst-30542	54	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	55	1	4	4	X
ajst-30542	55	2	.	.	X
ajst-30542	55	3	advance	advance	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	4	grouting	grout	VERB
ajst-30542	55	5	by	by	ADP
ajst-30542	55	6	injecting	inject	VERB
ajst-30542	55	7	specially	specially	ADV
ajst-30542	55	8	formulated	formulate	VERB
ajst-30542	55	9	grouts	grout	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	55	11	rapid	rapid	ADJ
ajst-30542	55	12	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	55	13	setting	setting	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	55	15	micro	micro	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	16	-	-	ADJ
ajst-30542	55	17	expansive	expansive	ADJ
ajst-30542	55	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	55	19	into	into	ADP
ajst-30542	55	20	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	21	fractures	fracture	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	22	ahead	ahead	ADV
ajst-30542	55	23	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	55	24	excavation	excavation	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	55	26	this	this	DET
ajst-30542	55	27	technique	technique	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	28	improves	improve	VERB
ajst-30542	55	29	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	30	self	self	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	31	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	55	32	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	33	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	34	through	through	ADP
ajst-30542	55	35	controlled	control	VERB
ajst-30542	55	36	consolidation	consolidation	NOUN
ajst-30542	55	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	56	1	success	success	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	2	requires	require	VERB
ajst-30542	56	3	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajst-30542	56	4	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	5	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	56	6	grout	grout	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	7	mixes	mix	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	8	based	base	VERB
ajst-30542	56	9	on	on	ADP
ajst-30542	56	10	permeability	permeability	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	56	12	careful	careful	ADJ
ajst-30542	56	13	pressure	pressure	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	14	/	/	SYM
ajst-30542	56	15	flow	flow	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	16	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	17	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	56	18	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	56	19	proper	proper	ADJ
ajst-30542	56	20	penetration	penetration	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	21	without	without	ADP
ajst-30542	56	22	over	over	ADP
ajst-30542	56	23	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	56	24	disturbance	disturbance	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	56	26	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	56	27	post	post	ADJ
ajst-30542	56	28	-	-	ADJ
ajst-30542	56	29	grouting	grouting	ADJ
ajst-30542	56	30	verification	verification	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	31	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	56	32	potential	potential	ADJ
ajst-30542	56	33	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ajst-30542	56	34	treatments	treatment	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	35	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	56	36	achieve	achieve	VERB
ajst-30542	56	37	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	38	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	39	objectives	objective	NOUN
ajst-30542	56	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	57	1	5	5	X
ajst-30542	57	2	.	.	X
ajst-30542	57	3	horizontal	horizontal	ADJ
ajst-30542	57	4	jet	jet	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	5	grouting	grout	VERB
ajst-30542	57	6	this	this	DET
ajst-30542	57	7	method	method	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	8	forms	form	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	9	interlocking	interlocking	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	57	11	soil	soil	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	12	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	57	13	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	14	columns	column	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	15	through	through	ADP
ajst-30542	57	16	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	57	17	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	57	18	pressure	pressure	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	19	rotational	rotational	ADJ
ajst-30542	57	20	injection	injection	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	21	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	57	22	cementitious	cementitious	ADJ
ajst-30542	57	23	slurry	slurry	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	57	25	creating	create	VERB
ajst-30542	57	26	an	an	DET
ajst-30542	57	27	improved	improved	ADJ
ajst-30542	57	28	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	29	arch	arch	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	30	around	around	ADP
ajst-30542	57	31	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	57	32	excavation	excavation	NOUN
ajst-30542	57	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	58	1	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	2	demands	demand	VERB
ajst-30542	58	3	specialized	specialized	ADJ
ajst-30542	58	4	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	58	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	58	6	rpm	rpm	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	7	equipment	equipment	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	58	9	real	real	ADJ
ajst-30542	58	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	58	11	time	time	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	12	quality	quality	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	13	control	control	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	14	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	58	15	column	column	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	16	geometry	geometry	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	17	/	/	SYM
ajst-30542	58	18	overlap	overlap	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	58	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	58	21	careful	careful	ADJ
ajst-30542	58	22	utility	utility	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	23	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	58	25	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	58	26	particular	particular	ADJ
ajst-30542	58	27	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	28	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	58	29	water	water	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	30	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	58	31	bearing	bear	VERB
ajst-30542	58	32	strata	strata	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	33	where	where	SCONJ
ajst-30542	58	34	it	it	PRON
ajst-30542	58	35	166	166	NUM
ajst-30542	58	36	provides	provide	VERB
ajst-30542	58	37	both	both	DET
ajst-30542	58	38	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	58	39	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	40	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	58	41	groundwater	groundwater	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	42	control	control	NOUN
ajst-30542	58	43	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	59	1	6	6	X
ajst-30542	59	2	.	.	X
ajst-30542	59	3	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	4	freezing	freeze	VERB
ajst-30542	59	5	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	59	6	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ajst-30542	59	7	artificial	artificial	ADJ
ajst-30542	59	8	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	9	freezing	freezing	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	10	technique	technique	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	11	establishes	establish	VERB
ajst-30542	59	12	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	59	13	load	load	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	14	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	59	15	bearing	bear	VERB
ajst-30542	59	16	frozen	frozen	ADJ
ajst-30542	59	17	arch	arch	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	18	by	by	ADP
ajst-30542	59	19	circulating	circulate	VERB
ajst-30542	59	20	chilled	chill	VERB
ajst-30542	59	21	brine	brine	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	22	through	through	ADP
ajst-30542	59	23	strategically	strategically	ADV
ajst-30542	59	24	placed	place	VERB
ajst-30542	59	25	pipes	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	59	27	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	59	28	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-30542	59	29	attention	attention	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	30	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	59	31	uniform	uniform	ADJ
ajst-30542	59	32	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	33	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	34	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	59	35	frost	frost	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	36	heave	heave	VERB
ajst-30542	59	37	management	management	NOUN
ajst-30542	59	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	60	1	particularly	particularly	ADV
ajst-30542	60	2	valuable	valuable	ADJ
ajst-30542	60	3	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	60	4	water	water	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	60	6	rich	rich	ADJ
ajst-30542	60	7	strata	strata	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	60	9	urban	urban	ADJ
ajst-30542	60	10	projects	project	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	60	12	it	it	PRON
ajst-30542	60	13	requires	require	VERB
ajst-30542	60	14	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajst-30542	60	15	thermal	thermal	ADJ
ajst-30542	60	16	/	/	SYM
ajst-30542	60	17	deformation	deformation	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	18	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	19	throughout	throughout	ADP
ajst-30542	60	20	both	both	PRON
ajst-30542	60	21	freezing	freeze	VERB
ajst-30542	60	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	60	23	controlled	control	VERB
ajst-30542	60	24	thawing	thawing	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	25	phases	phase	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	60	27	typically	typically	ADV
ajst-30542	60	28	combined	combine	VERB
ajst-30542	60	29	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	60	30	permanent	permanent	ADJ
ajst-30542	60	31	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	32	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	33	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	60	34	long	long	ADJ
ajst-30542	60	35	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	60	36	term	term	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	37	stability	stability	NOUN
ajst-30542	60	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	61	1	5	5	X
ajst-30542	61	2	.	.	X
ajst-30542	61	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	4	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	61	5	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	61	6	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ajst-30542	61	7	safeguard	safeguard	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	8	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	61	9	underground	underground	ADJ
ajst-30542	61	10	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	11	safety	safety	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	61	13	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	14	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	15	technologies	technology	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	61	17	their	their	PRON
ajst-30542	61	18	key	key	ADJ
ajst-30542	61	19	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	20	are	be	AUX
ajst-30542	61	21	fundamentally	fundamentally	ADV
ajst-30542	61	22	centered	center	VERB
ajst-30542	61	23	on	on	ADP
ajst-30542	61	24	surrounding	surround	VERB
ajst-30542	61	25	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	26	stability	stability	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	27	management	management	NOUN
ajst-30542	61	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	62	1	forepoling	forepole	VERB
ajst-30542	62	2	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	62	3	advance	advance	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	4	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	5	bolting	bolting	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	62	7	establishes	establish	VERB
ajst-30542	62	8	early	early	ADJ
ajst-30542	62	9	load	load	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	62	11	bearing	bear	VERB
ajst-30542	62	12	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	13	through	through	ADP
ajst-30542	62	14	pre	pre	ADJ
ajst-30542	62	15	-	-	ADJ
ajst-30542	62	16	support	support	ADJ
ajst-30542	62	17	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	62	19	where	where	SCONJ
ajst-30542	62	20	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	62	21	bonding	bonding	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	22	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	23	between	between	ADP
ajst-30542	62	24	bolts	bolt	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	62	26	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	27	mass	mass	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	28	is	be	AUX
ajst-30542	62	29	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-30542	62	30	requiring	require	VERB
ajst-30542	62	31	precise	precise	ADJ
ajst-30542	62	32	material	material	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	33	selection	selection	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	62	35	installation	installation	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	36	angle	angle	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	37	control	control	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	38	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	62	39	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	62	40	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ajst-30542	62	41	overlap	overlap	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	42	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	43	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	62	44	ensure	ensure	VERB
ajst-30542	62	45	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ajst-30542	62	46	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	47	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ajst-30542	62	48	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	63	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	63	2	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	63	3	roofing	roofing	NOUN
ajst-30542	63	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	63	5	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	63	6	curtain	curtain	NOUN
ajst-30542	63	7	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-30542	63	8	employ	employ	VERB
ajst-30542	63	9	largediameter	largediameter	NOUN
ajst-30542	63	10	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-30542	63	11	densely	densely	ADV
ajst-30542	63	12	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	63	13	arranged	arrange	VERB
ajst-30542	63	14	steel	steel	NOUN
ajst-30542	63	15	pipes	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	63	16	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	63	17	form	form	VERB
ajst-30542	63	18	protective	protective	ADJ
ajst-30542	63	19	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-30542	63	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	64	1	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	64	2	roofing	roofing	NOUN
ajst-30542	64	3	excels	excel	NOUN
ajst-30542	64	4	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	64	5	weak	weak	ADJ
ajst-30542	64	6	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	64	7	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	64	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	64	9	while	while	SCONJ
ajst-30542	64	10	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	64	11	curtain	curtain	NOUN
ajst-30542	64	12	specializes	specialize	VERB
ajst-30542	64	13	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	64	14	shallow	shallow	ADJ
ajst-30542	64	15	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	64	16	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN
ajst-30542	64	17	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	64	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	65	1	both	both	DET
ajst-30542	65	2	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	3	depend	depend	VERB
ajst-30542	65	4	on	on	ADP
ajst-30542	65	5	grout	grout	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	6	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	7	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	65	8	achieve	achieve	VERB
ajst-30542	65	9	synergistic	synergistic	ADJ
ajst-30542	65	10	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	11	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	65	12	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	13	load	load	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	14	transfer	transfer	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	65	16	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	65	17	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	18	precision	precision	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	65	20	reliable	reliable	ADJ
ajst-30542	65	21	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ajst-30542	65	22	connections	connection	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	23	being	be	AUX
ajst-30542	65	24	decisive	decisive	ADJ
ajst-30542	65	25	factors	factor	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	26	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	65	27	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-30542	65	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	66	1	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	66	2	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ajst-30542	66	3	techniques	technique	NOUN
ajst-30542	66	4	include	include	VERB
ajst-30542	66	5	advance	advance	NOUN
ajst-30542	66	6	grouting	grouting	NOUN
ajst-30542	66	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	66	8	horizontal	horizontal	ADJ
ajst-30542	66	9	jet	jet	NOUN
ajst-30542	66	10	grouting	grouting	NOUN
ajst-30542	66	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	67	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	67	2	former	former	ADJ
ajst-30542	67	3	consolidates	consolidate	VERB
ajst-30542	67	4	fractured	fractured	ADJ
ajst-30542	67	5	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	6	through	through	ADP
ajst-30542	67	7	controlled	control	VERB
ajst-30542	67	8	grout	grout	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	9	penetration	penetration	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	67	11	demanding	demand	VERB
ajst-30542	67	12	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajst-30542	67	13	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	14	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	67	15	mix	mix	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	16	proportions	proportion	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	67	18	injection	injection	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	19	pressure	pressure	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	67	21	range	range	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	22	according	accord	VERB
ajst-30542	67	23	to	to	ADP
ajst-30542	67	24	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	25	permeability	permeability	NOUN
ajst-30542	67	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	68	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	68	2	latter	latter	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	3	creates	create	VERB
ajst-30542	68	4	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ajst-30542	68	5	soil	soil	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	68	7	cement	cement	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	8	columns	column	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	9	via	via	ADP
ajst-30542	68	10	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	68	11	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	68	12	pressure	pressure	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	13	spraying	spraying	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	68	15	where	where	SCONJ
ajst-30542	68	16	equipment	equipment	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	17	parameters	parameter	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	68	19	process	process	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	20	compatibility	compatibility	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	21	determine	determine	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	22	column	column	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	23	quality	quality	NOUN
ajst-30542	68	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	69	1	both	both	DET
ajst-30542	69	2	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-30542	69	3	require	require	VERB
ajst-30542	69	4	postconstruction	postconstruction	NOUN
ajst-30542	69	5	verification	verification	NOUN
ajst-30542	69	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	69	7	potential	potential	ADJ
ajst-30542	69	8	remedial	remedial	ADJ
ajst-30542	69	9	treatments	treatment	NOUN
ajst-30542	69	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajst-30542	69	11	re	re	VERB
ajst-30542	69	12	-	-	VERB
ajst-30542	69	13	grouting	grout	VERB
ajst-30542	69	14	or	or	CCONJ
ajst-30542	69	15	additional	additional	ADJ
ajst-30542	69	16	spraying	spraying	NOUN
ajst-30542	69	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajst-30542	69	18	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	69	19	optimize	optimize	VERB
ajst-30542	69	20	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-30542	69	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	70	1	ground	ground	NOUN
ajst-30542	70	2	freezing	freezing	NOUN
ajst-30542	70	3	serves	serve	VERB
ajst-30542	70	4	as	as	ADP
ajst-30542	70	5	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	70	6	specialized	specialized	ADJ
ajst-30542	70	7	solution	solution	NOUN
ajst-30542	70	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	70	9	forming	form	VERB
ajst-30542	70	10	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ajst-30542	70	11	frozen	frozen	ADJ
ajst-30542	70	12	earth	earth	NOUN
ajst-30542	70	13	curtains	curtain	VERB
ajst-30542	70	14	through	through	ADP
ajst-30542	70	15	brine	brine	NOUN
ajst-30542	70	16	circulation	circulation	NOUN
ajst-30542	70	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	71	1	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	71	2	technology	technology	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	3	's	's	PART
ajst-30542	71	4	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	5	lies	lie	VERB
ajst-30542	71	6	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	71	7	precise	precise	ADJ
ajst-30542	71	8	freeze	freeze	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	9	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	10	configuration	configuration	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	71	12	temperature	temperature	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	13	control	control	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	71	15	requiring	require	VERB
ajst-30542	71	16	careful	careful	ADJ
ajst-30542	71	17	balance	balance	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	18	between	between	ADP
ajst-30542	71	19	frost	frost	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	20	heave	heave	VERB
ajst-30542	71	21	effects	effect	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	71	23	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	71	24	requirements	requirement	NOUN
ajst-30542	71	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	72	1	equally	equally	ADV
ajst-30542	72	2	critical	critical	ADJ
ajst-30542	72	3	is	be	AUX
ajst-30542	72	4	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	72	5	controlled	control	VERB
ajst-30542	72	6	thawing	thawing	NOUN
ajst-30542	72	7	process	process	NOUN
ajst-30542	72	8	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	72	9	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	72	10	prevent	prevent	VERB
ajst-30542	72	11	collapse	collapse	NOUN
ajst-30542	72	12	risks	risk	NOUN
ajst-30542	72	13	during	during	ADP
ajst-30542	72	14	system	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	72	15	decommissioning	decommissioning	NOUN
ajst-30542	72	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	73	1	practical	practical	ADJ
ajst-30542	73	2	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ajst-30542	73	3	requires	require	VERB
ajst-30542	73	4	integrated	integrate	VERB
ajst-30542	73	5	application	application	NOUN
ajst-30542	73	6	based	base	VERB
ajst-30542	73	7	on	on	ADP
ajst-30542	73	8	geological	geological	ADJ
ajst-30542	73	9	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajst-30542	73	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	73	11	project	project	NOUN
ajst-30542	73	12	demands	demand	NOUN
ajst-30542	73	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	74	1	weak	weak	ADJ
ajst-30542	74	2	strata	strata	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	3	typically	typically	ADV
ajst-30542	74	4	combine	combine	VERB
ajst-30542	74	5	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	6	roofing	roofing	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	7	with	with	ADP
ajst-30542	74	8	advance	advance	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	9	grouting	grouting	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	74	11	while	while	SCONJ
ajst-30542	74	12	shallow	shallow	ADJ
ajst-30542	74	13	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	14	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
ajst-30542	74	15	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	16	curtain	curtain	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	17	tightness	tightness	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	74	19	transverse	transverse	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	20	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
ajst-30542	74	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	75	1	real	real	ADJ
ajst-30542	75	2	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	75	3	time	time	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	4	performance	performance	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	5	monitoring	monitor	VERB
ajst-30542	75	6	tracking	track	VERB
ajst-30542	75	7	bolt	bolt	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	8	stresses	stress	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	75	10	pipe	pipe	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	11	deformation	deformation	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	75	13	grouting	grout	VERB
ajst-30542	75	14	pressures	pressure	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	75	16	etc	etc	X
ajst-30542	75	17	.	.	X
ajst-30542	75	18	enables	enable	VERB
ajst-30542	75	19	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajst-30542	75	20	parameter	parameter	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	21	optimization	optimization	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	75	23	forming	form	VERB
ajst-30542	75	24	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	75	25	core	core	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	26	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	75	27	modern	modern	ADJ
ajst-30542	75	28	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	29	system	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	30	management	management	NOUN
ajst-30542	75	31	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	76	1	future	future	ADJ
ajst-30542	76	2	advancements	advancement	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	3	will	will	AUX
ajst-30542	76	4	focus	focus	VERB
ajst-30542	76	5	on	on	ADP
ajst-30542	76	6	lightweight	lightweight	ADJ
ajst-30542	76	7	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	76	9	high	high	ADJ
ajst-30542	76	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	76	11	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	12	processes	process	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	76	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	76	15	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
ajst-30542	76	16	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	17	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	76	19	driving	drive	VERB
ajst-30542	76	20	the	the	DET
ajst-30542	76	21	evolution	evolution	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	22	toward	toward	ADP
ajst-30542	76	23	smarter	smart	ADJ
ajst-30542	76	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	76	25	more	more	ADV
ajst-30542	76	26	reliable	reliable	ADJ
ajst-30542	76	27	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	28	solutions	solution	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	29	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	76	30	underground	underground	ADJ
ajst-30542	76	31	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	32	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ajst-30542	76	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	77	1	emerging	emerge	VERB
ajst-30542	77	2	smart	smart	ADJ
ajst-30542	77	3	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-30542	77	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	77	5	ai	ai	NOUN
ajst-30542	77	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajst-30542	77	7	powered	power	VERB
ajst-30542	77	8	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajst-30542	77	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
ajst-30542	77	10	are	be	AUX
ajst-30542	77	11	expected	expect	VERB
ajst-30542	77	12	to	to	PART
ajst-30542	77	13	revolutionize	revolutionize	VERB
ajst-30542	77	14	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ajst-30542	77	15	practices	practice	NOUN
ajst-30542	77	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	77	17	enabling	enable	VERB
ajst-30542	77	18	predictive	predictive	ADJ
ajst-30542	77	19	maintenance	maintenance	NOUN
ajst-30542	77	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	77	21	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
ajst-30542	77	22	support	support	NOUN
ajst-30542	77	23	systems	system	NOUN
ajst-30542	77	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	78	1	references	reference	NOUN
ajst-30542	78	2	[	[	X
ajst-30542	78	3	1	1	X
ajst-30542	78	4	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-30542	78	5	wang	wang	PROPN
ajst-30542	78	6	z	z	PROPN
ajst-30542	78	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	78	8	hu	hu	PROPN
ajst-30542	78	9	m	m	PROPN
ajst-30542	78	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	78	11	lai	lai	PROPN
ajst-30542	78	12	j	j	PROPN
ajst-30542	78	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	78	14	et	et	PROPN
ajst-30542	78	15	al	al	PROPN
ajst-30542	78	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	79	1	reliability	reliability	NOUN
ajst-30542	79	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajst-30542	79	3	method	method	NOUN
ajst-30542	79	4	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	79	5	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	79	6	structural	structural	ADJ
ajst-30542	79	7	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	79	8	:	:	PUNCT
ajst-30542	79	9	brief	brief	ADJ
ajst-30542	79	10	review	review	NOUN
ajst-30542	79	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	79	12	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ajst-30542	79	13	prospects	prospect	NOUN
ajst-30542	79	14	[	[	X
ajst-30542	79	15	c	c	X
ajst-30542	79	16	]	]	X
ajst-30542	79	17	structures	structure	NOUN
ajst-30542	79	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	80	1	elsevier	elsevier	NOUN
ajst-30542	80	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	80	3	2023	2023	NUM
ajst-30542	80	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	80	5	55	55	NUM
ajst-30542	80	6	:	:	SYM
ajst-30542	80	7	1894	1894	NUM
ajst-30542	80	8	-	-	SYM
ajst-30542	80	9	1905	1905	NUM
ajst-30542	80	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	81	1	[	[	X
ajst-30542	81	2	2	2	X
ajst-30542	81	3	]	]	X
ajst-30542	81	4	ling	ling	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	5	j	j	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	81	7	li	li	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	8	x	x	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	81	10	li	li	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	11	h	h	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	81	13	et	et	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	14	al	al	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	15	.	.	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	16	data	data	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	17	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
ajst-30542	81	18	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
ajst-30542	81	19	aggregation	aggregation	NOUN
ajst-30542	81	20	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	81	21	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ajst-30542	81	22	design	design	NOUN
ajst-30542	81	23	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	81	24	rock	rock	NOUN
ajst-30542	81	25	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	81	26	support[j	support[j	PROPN
ajst-30542	81	27	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-30542	81	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	82	1	automation	automation	NOUN
ajst-30542	82	2	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	82	3	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	82	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	82	5	2022	2022	NUM
ajst-30542	82	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	82	7	143	143	NUM
ajst-30542	82	8	:	:	SYM
ajst-30542	82	9	104577	104577	NUM
ajst-30542	82	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	83	1	[	[	X
ajst-30542	83	2	3	3	NUM
ajst-30542	83	3	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-30542	83	4	su	su	PROPN
ajst-30542	83	5	c	c	PROPN
ajst-30542	83	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	83	7	hu	hu	PROPN
ajst-30542	84	1	q	q	PROPN
ajst-30542	84	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	84	3	yang	yang	PROPN
ajst-30542	84	4	z	z	PROPN
ajst-30542	84	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	84	6	et	et	PROPN
ajst-30542	84	7	al	al	PROPN
ajst-30542	84	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	85	1	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	85	2	review	review	NOUN
ajst-30542	85	3	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	85	4	deep	deep	ADJ
ajst-30542	85	5	learning	learning	NOUN
ajst-30542	85	6	applications	application	NOUN
ajst-30542	85	7	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	85	8	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	85	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	85	10	underground	underground	ADJ
ajst-30542	85	11	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ajst-30542	85	12	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	85	13	china[j	china[j	NOUN
ajst-30542	85	14	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-30542	85	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	86	1	applied	apply	VERB
ajst-30542	86	2	sciences	science	NOUN
ajst-30542	86	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	86	4	2024	2024	NUM
ajst-30542	86	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	86	6	14(5	14(5	NUM
ajst-30542	86	7	):	):	PUNCT
ajst-30542	86	8	1720	1720	NUM
ajst-30542	86	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	87	1	[	[	X
ajst-30542	87	2	4	4	NUM
ajst-30542	87	3	]	]	X
ajst-30542	87	4	yoon	yoon	PROPN
ajst-30542	87	5	y	y	PROPN
ajst-30542	87	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	87	7	jeong	jeong	PROPN
ajst-30542	87	8	h	h	PROPN
ajst-30542	87	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	87	10	jeon	jeon	PROPN
ajst-30542	87	11	s.	s.	PROPN
ajst-30542	87	12	review	review	PROPN
ajst-30542	87	13	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	87	14	pre	pre	ADJ
ajst-30542	87	15	-	-	ADJ
ajst-30542	87	16	grouting	grouting	ADJ
ajst-30542	87	17	methods	method	NOUN
ajst-30542	87	18	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	87	19	shield	shield	NOUN
ajst-30542	87	20	tbm	tbm	NOUN
ajst-30542	87	21	tunneling	tunneling	NOUN
ajst-30542	87	22	in	in	ADP
ajst-30542	87	23	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ajst-30542	87	24	grounds[j	grounds[j	NOUN
ajst-30542	87	25	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-30542	87	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	88	1	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
ajst-30542	88	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	88	3	underground	underground	ADJ
ajst-30542	88	4	space	space	NOUN
ajst-30542	88	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	88	6	2018	2018	NUM
ajst-30542	88	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	88	8	28(6	28(6	NUM
ajst-30542	88	9	):	):	PUNCT
ajst-30542	88	10	528	528	NUM
ajst-30542	88	11	-	-	SYM
ajst-30542	88	12	546	546	NUM
ajst-30542	88	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	89	1	[	[	X
ajst-30542	89	2	5	5	X
ajst-30542	89	3	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-30542	89	4	he	he	PRON
ajst-30542	89	5	s	s	PROPN
ajst-30542	89	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	89	7	lai	lai	PROPN
ajst-30542	89	8	j	j	PROPN
ajst-30542	89	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	89	10	wang	wang	PROPN
ajst-30542	89	11	l	l	PROPN
ajst-30542	89	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	89	13	et	et	PROPN
ajst-30542	89	14	al	al	PROPN
ajst-30542	89	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	90	1	a	a	DET
ajst-30542	90	2	literature	literature	NOUN
ajst-30542	90	3	review	review	NOUN
ajst-30542	90	4	on	on	ADP
ajst-30542	90	5	properties	property	NOUN
ajst-30542	90	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	90	7	applications	application	NOUN
ajst-30542	90	8	of	of	ADP
ajst-30542	90	9	grouts	grout	NOUN
ajst-30542	90	10	for	for	ADP
ajst-30542	90	11	shield	shield	NOUN
ajst-30542	90	12	tunnel[j	tunnel[j	PROPN
ajst-30542	90	13	]	]	PUNCT
ajst-30542	90	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajst-30542	91	1	construction	construction	NOUN
ajst-30542	91	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajst-30542	91	3	building	building	NOUN
ajst-30542	91	4	materials	material	NOUN
ajst-30542	91	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	91	6	2020	2020	NUM
ajst-30542	91	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajst-30542	91	8	239	239	NUM
ajst-30542	91	9	:	:	SYM
ajst-30542	91	10	117782	117782	NUM
ajst-30542	91	11	.	.	PUNCT