id sid tid token lemma pos ajst-7783 1 1 academic academic ADJ ajst-7783 1 2 journal journal NOUN ajst-7783 1 3 of of ADP ajst-7783 1 4 science science NOUN ajst-7783 1 5 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 1 6 technology technology NOUN ajst-7783 1 7 issn issn NOUN ajst-7783 1 8 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 1 9 2771 2771 NUM ajst-7783 1 10 - - SYM ajst-7783 1 11 3032 3032 NUM ajst-7783 1 12 | | NOUN ajst-7783 1 13 vol vol NOUN ajst-7783 1 14 . . PROPN ajst-7783 2 1 5 5 NUM ajst-7783 2 2 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 2 3 no no INTJ ajst-7783 2 4 . . NOUN ajst-7783 2 5 3 3 NUM ajst-7783 2 6 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 2 7 2023 2023 NUM ajst-7783 2 8 90 90 NUM ajst-7783 2 9 research research NOUN ajst-7783 2 10 on on ADP ajst-7783 2 11 short short ADJ ajst-7783 2 12 term term NOUN ajst-7783 2 13 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 2 14 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 2 15 for for ADP ajst-7783 2 16 freeway freeway NOUN ajst-7783 2 17 pavement pavement NOUN ajst-7783 2 18 ice ice NOUN ajst-7783 2 19 shuqin shuqin ADJ ajst-7783 2 20 li1 li1 NOUN ajst-7783 2 21 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 2 22 qingguo qingguo ADV ajst-7783 2 23 chang2 chang2 PROPN ajst-7783 2 24 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 2 25 xiang xiang PROPN ajst-7783 2 26 chen2 chen2 PROPN ajst-7783 2 27 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 3 1 sicheng sicheng NOUN ajst-7783 3 2 liao3 liao3 NOUN ajst-7783 3 3 1yingyun 1yingyun NUM ajst-7783 3 4 highway highway NOUN ajst-7783 3 5 administration administration PROPN ajst-7783 3 6 bureau bureau PROPN ajst-7783 3 7 of of ADP ajst-7783 3 8 guizhou guizhou PROPN ajst-7783 3 9 province province PROPN ajst-7783 3 10 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 3 11 china china PROPN ajst-7783 3 12 2guizhou 2guizhou NUM ajst-7783 3 13 qianchenghuitong qianchenghuitong PROPN ajst-7783 3 14 kejifazhanyouxianzerengongsi kejifazhanyouxianzerengongsi PROPN ajst-7783 3 15 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 3 16 china china PROPN ajst-7783 3 17 3guizhou 3guizhou NUM ajst-7783 3 18 transportation transportation NOUN ajst-7783 3 19 planning planning NOUN ajst-7783 3 20 survey survey NOUN ajst-7783 3 21 & & CCONJ ajst-7783 3 22 design design PROPN ajst-7783 3 23 academe academe PROPN ajst-7783 3 24 co.ltd co.ltd PROPN ajst-7783 3 25 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 3 26 china china PROPN ajst-7783 3 27 abstract abstract NOUN ajst-7783 3 28 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 3 29 this this DET ajst-7783 3 30 article article NOUN ajst-7783 3 31 focuses focus VERB ajst-7783 3 32 on on ADP ajst-7783 3 33 the the DET ajst-7783 3 34 short short ADJ ajst-7783 3 35 - - PUNCT ajst-7783 3 36 term term NOUN ajst-7783 3 37 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 3 38 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 3 39 for for ADP ajst-7783 3 40 ice ice NOUN ajst-7783 3 41 condensation condensation NOUN ajst-7783 3 42 on on ADP ajst-7783 3 43 highway highway NOUN ajst-7783 3 44 pavement pavement NOUN ajst-7783 3 45 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 4 1 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 4 2 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 4 3 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 4 4 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 4 5 long long ADJ ajst-7783 4 6 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 4 7 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 4 8 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 4 9 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 4 10 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 4 11 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 4 12 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 4 13 are be AUX ajst-7783 4 14 the the DET ajst-7783 4 15 main main ADJ ajst-7783 4 16 factors factor NOUN ajst-7783 4 17 affecting affect VERB ajst-7783 4 18 road road NOUN ajst-7783 4 19 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 4 20 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 4 21 changes change NOUN ajst-7783 4 22 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 5 1 according accord VERB ajst-7783 5 2 to to ADP ajst-7783 5 3 the the DET ajst-7783 5 4 principle principle NOUN ajst-7783 5 5 of of ADP ajst-7783 5 6 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 5 7 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 5 8 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 5 9 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 5 10 there there PRON ajst-7783 5 11 is be VERB ajst-7783 5 12 a a DET ajst-7783 5 13 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 5 14 balance balance NOUN ajst-7783 5 15 relationship relationship NOUN ajst-7783 5 16 among among ADP ajst-7783 5 17 these these DET ajst-7783 5 18 three three NUM ajst-7783 5 19 factors factor NOUN ajst-7783 5 20 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 6 1 therefore therefore ADV ajst-7783 6 2 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 6 3 based base VERB ajst-7783 6 4 on on ADP ajst-7783 6 5 the the DET ajst-7783 6 6 balance balance NOUN ajst-7783 6 7 relationship relationship NOUN ajst-7783 6 8 between between ADP ajst-7783 6 9 these these DET ajst-7783 6 10 three three NUM ajst-7783 6 11 radiations radiation NOUN ajst-7783 6 12 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 6 13 the the DET ajst-7783 6 14 physical physical ADJ ajst-7783 6 15 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 6 16 formula formula NOUN ajst-7783 6 17 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 6 18 this this DET ajst-7783 6 19 article article NOUN ajst-7783 6 20 designs design VERB ajst-7783 6 21 a a DET ajst-7783 6 22 short short ADJ ajst-7783 6 23 - - PUNCT ajst-7783 6 24 term term NOUN ajst-7783 6 25 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 6 26 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 6 27 for for ADP ajst-7783 6 28 road road NOUN ajst-7783 6 29 icing icing NOUN ajst-7783 6 30 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 7 1 based base VERB ajst-7783 7 2 on on ADP ajst-7783 7 3 the the DET ajst-7783 7 4 basic basic ADJ ajst-7783 7 5 theory theory NOUN ajst-7783 7 6 of of ADP ajst-7783 7 7 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 7 8 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 7 9 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 7 10 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 7 11 the the DET ajst-7783 7 12 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 7 13 balance balance NOUN ajst-7783 7 14 between between ADP ajst-7783 7 15 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 7 16 shortwave shortwave NOUN ajst-7783 7 17 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 7 18 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 7 19 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 7 20 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 7 21 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 7 22 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 7 23 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 7 24 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 7 25 longwave longwave NOUN ajst-7783 7 26 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 7 27 is be AUX ajst-7783 7 28 calculated calculate VERB ajst-7783 7 29 to to PART ajst-7783 7 30 predict predict VERB ajst-7783 7 31 the the DET ajst-7783 7 32 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 7 33 of of ADP ajst-7783 7 34 highway highway NOUN ajst-7783 7 35 road road NOUN ajst-7783 7 36 surfaces surface NOUN ajst-7783 7 37 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 8 1 keywords keyword NOUN ajst-7783 8 2 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 8 3 freezing freeze VERB ajst-7783 8 4 ice ice NOUN ajst-7783 8 5 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 8 6 short short ADJ ajst-7783 8 7 term term NOUN ajst-7783 8 8 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 8 9 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 8 10 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 8 11 radiative radiative ADJ ajst-7783 8 12 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 8 13 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 8 14 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 8 15 expressway expressway NOUN ajst-7783 8 16 pavement pavement NOUN ajst-7783 8 17 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 8 18 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 9 1 1 1 X ajst-7783 9 2 . . X ajst-7783 9 3 short short ADJ ajst-7783 9 4 term term NOUN ajst-7783 9 5 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 9 6 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 9 7 under under ADP ajst-7783 9 8 freezing freeze VERB ajst-7783 9 9 conditions condition NOUN ajst-7783 9 10 1.1 1.1 NUM ajst-7783 9 11 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 10 1 basic basic ADJ ajst-7783 10 2 theory theory NOUN ajst-7783 10 3 of of ADP ajst-7783 10 4 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 10 5 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 10 6 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 10 7 any any DET ajst-7783 10 8 object object NOUN ajst-7783 10 9 continuously continuously ADV ajst-7783 10 10 emits emit VERB ajst-7783 10 11 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 10 12 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 10 13 outward outward ADV ajst-7783 10 14 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 10 15 absorbs absorb VERB ajst-7783 10 16 the the DET ajst-7783 10 17 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 10 18 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 10 19 emitted emit VERB ajst-7783 10 20 by by ADP ajst-7783 10 21 nearby nearby ADJ ajst-7783 10 22 objects object NOUN ajst-7783 10 23 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 10 24 while while SCONJ ajst-7783 10 25 converting convert VERB ajst-7783 10 26 this this DET ajst-7783 10 27 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 10 28 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 10 29 into into ADP ajst-7783 10 30 thermal thermal ADJ ajst-7783 10 31 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 10 32 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 11 1 the the DET ajst-7783 11 2 exchange exchange NOUN ajst-7783 11 3 process process NOUN ajst-7783 11 4 between between ADP ajst-7783 11 5 the the DET ajst-7783 11 6 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 11 7 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 11 8 of of ADP ajst-7783 11 9 these these DET ajst-7783 11 10 objects object NOUN ajst-7783 11 11 is be AUX ajst-7783 11 12 called call VERB ajst-7783 11 13 radiative radiative ADJ ajst-7783 11 14 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 11 15 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 11 16 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 12 1 the the DET ajst-7783 12 2 process process NOUN ajst-7783 12 3 of of ADP ajst-7783 12 4 radiative radiative ADJ ajst-7783 12 5 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 12 6 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 12 7 is be AUX ajst-7783 12 8 often often ADV ajst-7783 12 9 seen see VERB ajst-7783 12 10 in in ADP ajst-7783 12 11 reality reality NOUN ajst-7783 12 12 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 12 13 such such ADJ ajst-7783 12 14 as as ADP ajst-7783 12 15 the the DET ajst-7783 12 16 sun sun NOUN ajst-7783 12 17 shining shine VERB ajst-7783 12 18 on on ADP ajst-7783 12 19 the the DET ajst-7783 12 20 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 12 21 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 12 22 using use VERB ajst-7783 12 23 a a DET ajst-7783 12 24 stove stove NOUN ajst-7783 12 25 to to PART ajst-7783 12 26 heat heat VERB ajst-7783 12 27 in in ADP ajst-7783 12 28 winter winter NOUN ajst-7783 12 29 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 12 30 freezing freeze VERB ajst-7783 12 31 mountains mountain NOUN ajst-7783 12 32 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 12 33 rivers river NOUN ajst-7783 12 34 for for ADP ajst-7783 12 35 thousands thousand NOUN ajst-7783 12 36 of of ADP ajst-7783 12 37 years year NOUN ajst-7783 12 38 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 12 39 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 12 40 various various ADJ ajst-7783 12 41 liquids liquid NOUN ajst-7783 12 42 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 12 43 gases gas NOUN ajst-7783 12 44 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 13 1 as as ADV ajst-7783 13 2 long long ADV ajst-7783 13 3 as as SCONJ ajst-7783 13 4 the the DET ajst-7783 13 5 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 13 6 of of ADP ajst-7783 13 7 an an DET ajst-7783 13 8 object object NOUN ajst-7783 13 9 is be AUX ajst-7783 13 10 not not PART ajst-7783 13 11 absolute absolute ADJ ajst-7783 13 12 zero zero NUM ajst-7783 13 13 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 13 14 it it PRON ajst-7783 13 15 will will AUX ajst-7783 13 16 radiate radiate VERB ajst-7783 13 17 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 13 18 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 13 19 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 13 20 to to ADP ajst-7783 13 21 the the DET ajst-7783 13 22 surrounding surround VERB ajst-7783 13 23 area area NOUN ajst-7783 13 24 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 14 1 during during ADP ajst-7783 14 2 the the DET ajst-7783 14 3 process process NOUN ajst-7783 14 4 of of ADP ajst-7783 14 5 any any DET ajst-7783 14 6 object object NOUN ajst-7783 14 7 emitting emit VERB ajst-7783 14 8 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 14 9 absorbing absorb VERB ajst-7783 14 10 thermal thermal ADJ ajst-7783 14 11 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 14 12 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 14 13 its its PRON ajst-7783 14 14 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 14 15 will will AUX ajst-7783 14 16 change change VERB ajst-7783 14 17 with with ADP ajst-7783 14 18 this this DET ajst-7783 14 19 process process NOUN ajst-7783 14 20 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 15 1 that that PRON ajst-7783 15 2 is be AUX ajst-7783 15 3 to to PART ajst-7783 15 4 say say VERB ajst-7783 15 5 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 15 6 what what PRON ajst-7783 15 7 thermal thermal ADJ ajst-7783 15 8 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 15 9 ultimately ultimately ADV ajst-7783 15 10 changes change VERB ajst-7783 15 11 is be AUX ajst-7783 15 12 the the DET ajst-7783 15 13 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 15 14 of of ADP ajst-7783 15 15 the the DET ajst-7783 15 16 object object NOUN ajst-7783 15 17 itself itself PRON ajst-7783 15 18 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 16 1 as as SCONJ ajst-7783 16 2 shown show VERB ajst-7783 16 3 in in ADP ajst-7783 16 4 figure figure NOUN ajst-7783 16 5 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 16 6 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 16 7 the the DET ajst-7783 16 8 process process NOUN ajst-7783 16 9 of of ADP ajst-7783 16 10 absorbing absorbing NOUN ajst-7783 16 11 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 16 12 reflecting reflect VERB ajst-7783 16 13 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 16 14 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 16 15 transmitting transmit VERB ajst-7783 16 16 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 16 17 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 16 18 by by ADP ajst-7783 16 19 an an DET ajst-7783 16 20 object object NOUN ajst-7783 16 21 is be AUX ajst-7783 16 22 as as SCONJ ajst-7783 16 23 follows follow VERB ajst-7783 16 24 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 16 25 figure figure NOUN ajst-7783 16 26 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 16 27 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 16 28 radiative radiative ADJ ajst-7783 16 29 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 16 30 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 16 31 process process NOUN ajst-7783 16 32 in in ADP ajst-7783 16 33 figure figure NOUN ajst-7783 16 34 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 16 35 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 16 36 it it PRON ajst-7783 16 37 can can AUX ajst-7783 16 38 be be AUX ajst-7783 16 39 seen see VERB ajst-7783 16 40 that that SCONJ ajst-7783 16 41 q q NOUN ajst-7783 16 42 represents represent VERB ajst-7783 16 43 the the DET ajst-7783 16 44 total total ADJ ajst-7783 16 45 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 16 46 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 16 47 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 16 48 w w PROPN ajst-7783 16 49 / / SYM ajst-7783 16 50 m2 m2 PROPN ajst-7783 16 51 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 16 52 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 16 53 qa qa PROPN ajst-7783 16 54 represents represent VERB ajst-7783 16 55 the the DET ajst-7783 16 56 absorbed absorb VERB ajst-7783 16 57 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 16 58 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 16 59 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 16 60 w w PROPN ajst-7783 16 61 / / SYM ajst-7783 16 62 m2 m2 PROPN ajst-7783 16 63 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 16 64 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 16 65 qr qr PROPN ajst-7783 16 66 represents represent VERB ajst-7783 16 67 the the DET ajst-7783 16 68 reflected reflect VERB ajst-7783 16 69 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 16 70 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 16 71 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 16 72 w w PROPN ajst-7783 16 73 / / SYM ajst-7783 16 74 m2 m2 PROPN ajst-7783 16 75 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 16 76 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 16 77 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 16 78 qd qd NOUN ajst-7783 16 79 represents represent VERB ajst-7783 16 80 the the DET ajst-7783 16 81 transmitted transmit VERB ajst-7783 16 82 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 16 83 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 16 84 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 16 85 w w NOUN ajst-7783 16 86 / / SYM ajst-7783 16 87 m2 m2 PROPN ajst-7783 16 88 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 16 89 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 17 1 therefore therefore ADV ajst-7783 17 2 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 17 3 according accord VERB ajst-7783 17 4 to to ADP ajst-7783 17 5 the the DET ajst-7783 17 6 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 17 7 balance balance NOUN ajst-7783 17 8 principle principle NOUN ajst-7783 17 9 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 17 10 it it PRON ajst-7783 17 11 can can AUX ajst-7783 17 12 be be AUX ajst-7783 17 13 concluded conclude VERB ajst-7783 17 14 that that SCONJ ajst-7783 17 15 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 17 16 qa qa X ajst-7783 17 17 + + CCONJ ajst-7783 17 18 qr qr PROPN ajst-7783 17 19 + + NOUN ajst-7783 17 20 qd qd NOUN ajst-7783 17 21 = = SYM ajst-7783 17 22 q q X ajst-7783 17 23 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 17 24 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 17 25 ) ) SYM ajst-7783 17 26 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 17 27 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 17 28 2 2 NUM ajst-7783 17 29 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 17 30 in in ADP ajst-7783 17 31 the the DET ajst-7783 17 32 equation equation NOUN ajst-7783 17 33 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 17 34 a a PRON ajst-7783 17 35 is be AUX ajst-7783 17 36 the the DET ajst-7783 17 37 absorption absorption NOUN ajst-7783 17 38 rate rate NOUN ajst-7783 17 39 r r NOUN ajst-7783 17 40 is be AUX ajst-7783 17 41 the the DET ajst-7783 17 42 reflectivity reflectivity NOUN ajst-7783 17 43 d d NOUN ajst-7783 17 44 is be AUX ajst-7783 17 45 the the DET ajst-7783 17 46 transmittance transmittance NOUN ajst-7783 17 47 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 17 48 then then ADV ajst-7783 17 49 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 17 50 a+r+d=1 a+r+d=1 NOUN ajst-7783 17 51 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 17 52 3 3 NUM ajst-7783 17 53 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 17 54 if if SCONJ ajst-7783 17 55 a=1 a=1 PUNCT ajst-7783 17 56 in in ADP ajst-7783 17 57 equation equation NOUN ajst-7783 17 58 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 17 59 3 3 NUM ajst-7783 17 60 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 17 61 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 17 62 it it PRON ajst-7783 17 63 means mean VERB ajst-7783 17 64 that that SCONJ ajst-7783 17 65 the the DET ajst-7783 17 66 object object NOUN ajst-7783 17 67 has have AUX ajst-7783 17 68 absorbed absorb VERB ajst-7783 17 69 all all DET ajst-7783 17 70 the the DET ajst-7783 17 71 radiant radiant ADJ ajst-7783 17 72 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 17 73 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 18 1 at at ADP ajst-7783 18 2 this this DET ajst-7783 18 3 time time NOUN ajst-7783 18 4 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 18 5 the the DET ajst-7783 18 6 transmissivity transmissivity NOUN ajst-7783 18 7 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 18 8 emissivity emissivity NOUN ajst-7783 18 9 are be AUX ajst-7783 18 10 all all ADV ajst-7783 18 11 0 0 NUM ajst-7783 18 12 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 19 1 the the DET ajst-7783 19 2 object object NOUN ajst-7783 19 3 with with ADP ajst-7783 19 4 an an DET ajst-7783 19 5 absorptivity absorptivity NOUN ajst-7783 19 6 of of ADP ajst-7783 19 7 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 19 8 is be AUX ajst-7783 19 9 called call VERB ajst-7783 19 10 a a DET ajst-7783 19 11 blackbody blackbody NOUN ajst-7783 19 12 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 20 1 if if SCONJ ajst-7783 20 2 r=1 r=1 NOUN ajst-7783 20 3 in in ADP ajst-7783 20 4 equation equation NOUN ajst-7783 20 5 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 20 6 3 3 NUM ajst-7783 20 7 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 20 8 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 20 9 it it PRON ajst-7783 20 10 indicates indicate VERB ajst-7783 20 11 that that SCONJ ajst-7783 20 12 the the DET ajst-7783 20 13 object object NOUN ajst-7783 20 14 can can AUX ajst-7783 20 15 fully fully ADV ajst-7783 20 16 reflect reflect VERB ajst-7783 20 17 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 20 18 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 20 19 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 20 20 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 20 21 at at ADP ajst-7783 20 22 this this DET ajst-7783 20 23 point point NOUN ajst-7783 20 24 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 20 25 the the DET ajst-7783 20 26 transmittance transmittance NOUN ajst-7783 20 27 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 20 28 absorption absorption NOUN ajst-7783 20 29 are be AUX ajst-7783 20 30 all all ADV ajst-7783 20 31 0 0 NUM ajst-7783 20 32 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 21 1 this this DET ajst-7783 21 2 type type NOUN ajst-7783 21 3 of of ADP ajst-7783 21 4 object object NOUN ajst-7783 21 5 with with ADP ajst-7783 21 6 a a DET ajst-7783 21 7 reflectivity reflectivity NOUN ajst-7783 21 8 of of ADP ajst-7783 21 9 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 21 10 is be AUX ajst-7783 21 11 called call VERB ajst-7783 21 12 a a DET ajst-7783 21 13 mirror mirror NOUN ajst-7783 21 14 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 22 1 if if SCONJ ajst-7783 22 2 d=1 d=1 NOUN ajst-7783 22 3 in in ADP ajst-7783 22 4 equation equation NOUN ajst-7783 22 5 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 22 6 3 3 NUM ajst-7783 22 7 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 22 8 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 22 9 it it PRON ajst-7783 22 10 means mean VERB ajst-7783 22 11 that that SCONJ ajst-7783 22 12 the the DET ajst-7783 22 13 object object NOUN ajst-7783 22 14 can can AUX ajst-7783 22 15 transmit transmit VERB ajst-7783 22 16 all all DET ajst-7783 22 17 the the DET ajst-7783 22 18 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 22 19 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 22 20 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 22 21 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 22 22 at at ADP ajst-7783 22 23 this this DET ajst-7783 22 24 point point NOUN ajst-7783 22 25 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 22 26 the the DET ajst-7783 22 27 reflectivity reflectivity NOUN ajst-7783 22 28 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 22 29 absorption absorption NOUN ajst-7783 22 30 are be AUX ajst-7783 22 31 all all ADV ajst-7783 22 32 0 0 NUM ajst-7783 22 33 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 23 1 this this DET ajst-7783 23 2 type type NOUN ajst-7783 23 3 of of ADP ajst-7783 23 4 object object NOUN ajst-7783 23 5 with with ADP ajst-7783 23 6 a a DET ajst-7783 23 7 transmittance transmittance NOUN ajst-7783 23 8 of of ADP ajst-7783 23 9 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 23 10 is be AUX ajst-7783 23 11 called call VERB ajst-7783 23 12 a a DET ajst-7783 23 13 permeable permeable ADJ ajst-7783 23 14 body body NOUN ajst-7783 23 15 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 24 1 blackbody blackbody NOUN ajst-7783 24 2 is be AUX ajst-7783 24 3 the the DET ajst-7783 24 4 standard standard ADJ ajst-7783 24 5 object object NOUN ajst-7783 24 6 for for ADP ajst-7783 24 7 studying study VERB ajst-7783 24 8 thermal thermal ADJ ajst-7783 24 9 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 24 10 in in ADP ajst-7783 24 11 physics physics NOUN ajst-7783 24 12 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 25 1 it it PRON ajst-7783 25 2 can can AUX ajst-7783 25 3 absorb absorb VERB ajst-7783 25 4 all all DET ajst-7783 25 5 electromagnetic electromagnetic ADJ ajst-7783 25 6 waves wave NOUN ajst-7783 25 7 radiated radiate VERB ajst-7783 25 8 from from ADP ajst-7783 25 9 the the DET ajst-7783 25 10 outside outside NOUN ajst-7783 25 11 without without ADP ajst-7783 25 12 any any DET ajst-7783 25 13 transmission transmission NOUN ajst-7783 25 14 or or CCONJ ajst-7783 25 15 reflection reflection NOUN ajst-7783 25 16 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 26 1 stephen stephen PROPN ajst-7783 26 2 boltzmann boltzmann PROPN ajst-7783 26 3 's 's PART ajst-7783 26 4 law law NOUN ajst-7783 26 5 proposed propose VERB ajst-7783 26 6 the the DET ajst-7783 26 7 relationship relationship NOUN ajst-7783 26 8 between between ADP ajst-7783 26 9 the the DET ajst-7783 26 10 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 26 11 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 26 12 of of ADP ajst-7783 26 13 a a DET ajst-7783 26 14 blackbody blackbody NOUN ajst-7783 26 15 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 26 16 its its PRON ajst-7783 26 17 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 26 18 ability ability NOUN ajst-7783 26 19 as as SCONJ ajst-7783 26 20 follows follow VERB ajst-7783 26 21 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 26 22 e e X ajst-7783 26 23 Ξ΅ Ξ΅ PROPN ajst-7783 26 24 e e PROPN ajst-7783 26 25 Ξ΅ Ξ΅ PROPN ajst-7783 26 26 πœŽπ‘‡ πœŽπ‘‡ PROPN ajst-7783 26 27 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 26 28 4 4 NUM ajst-7783 26 29 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 26 30 in in ADP ajst-7783 26 31 the the DET ajst-7783 26 32 formula formula NOUN ajst-7783 26 33 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 26 34 e e X ajst-7783 26 35 is be AUX ajst-7783 26 36 the the DET ajst-7783 26 37 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 26 38 capacity capacity NOUN ajst-7783 26 39 of of ADP ajst-7783 26 40 the the DET ajst-7783 26 41 gray gray ADJ ajst-7783 26 42 body body NOUN ajst-7783 26 43 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 26 44 w w PROPN ajst-7783 26 45 / / SYM ajst-7783 26 46 m2 m2 PROPN ajst-7783 26 47 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 26 48 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 26 49 Ξ΅ Ξ΅ PROPN ajst-7783 26 50 is be AUX ajst-7783 26 51 the the DET ajst-7783 26 52 blackness blackness NOUN ajst-7783 26 53 of of ADP ajst-7783 26 54 an an DET ajst-7783 26 55 object object NOUN ajst-7783 26 56 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 26 57 which which PRON ajst-7783 26 58 depends depend VERB ajst-7783 26 59 on on ADP ajst-7783 26 60 its its PRON ajst-7783 26 61 properties property NOUN ajst-7783 26 62 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 26 63 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 26 64 condition condition NOUN ajst-7783 26 65 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 27 1 it it PRON ajst-7783 27 2 is be AUX ajst-7783 27 3 generally generally ADV ajst-7783 27 4 measured measure VERB ajst-7783 27 5 experimentally experimentally ADV ajst-7783 27 6 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 27 7 its its PRON ajst-7783 27 8 value value NOUN ajst-7783 27 9 varies vary VERB ajst-7783 27 10 between between ADP ajst-7783 27 11 0 0 NUM ajst-7783 27 12 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 27 13 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 27 14 . . NOUN ajst-7783 27 15 1.2 1.2 NUM ajst-7783 27 16 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 28 1 short short ADJ ajst-7783 28 2 term term NOUN ajst-7783 28 3 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 28 4 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 28 5 for for ADP ajst-7783 28 6 road road NOUN ajst-7783 28 7 icing ice VERB ajst-7783 28 8 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 28 9 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 28 10 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 28 11 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 28 12 long long ADJ ajst-7783 28 13 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 28 14 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 28 15 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 28 16 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 28 17 91 91 NUM ajst-7783 28 18 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 28 19 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 28 20 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 28 21 are be AUX ajst-7783 28 22 all all PRON ajst-7783 28 23 forms form NOUN ajst-7783 28 24 of of ADP ajst-7783 28 25 thermal thermal ADJ ajst-7783 28 26 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 28 27 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 29 1 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 29 2 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 29 3 is be AUX ajst-7783 29 4 a a DET ajst-7783 29 5 flow flow NOUN ajst-7783 29 6 of of ADP ajst-7783 29 7 particles particle NOUN ajst-7783 29 8 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 29 9 electromagnetic electromagnetic ADJ ajst-7783 29 10 waves wave NOUN ajst-7783 29 11 emitted emit VERB ajst-7783 29 12 by by ADP ajst-7783 29 13 the the DET ajst-7783 29 14 sun sun NOUN ajst-7783 29 15 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 30 1 after after SCONJ ajst-7783 30 2 the the DET ajst-7783 30 3 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 30 4 absorbs absorb VERB ajst-7783 30 5 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 30 6 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 30 7 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 30 8 it it PRON ajst-7783 30 9 causes cause VERB ajst-7783 30 10 an an DET ajst-7783 30 11 increase increase NOUN ajst-7783 30 12 in in ADP ajst-7783 30 13 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 30 14 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 30 15 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 30 16 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 30 17 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 30 18 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 30 19 is be AUX ajst-7783 30 20 the the DET ajst-7783 30 21 main main ADJ ajst-7783 30 22 driving driving NOUN ajst-7783 30 23 force force NOUN ajst-7783 30 24 that that PRON ajst-7783 30 25 causes cause VERB ajst-7783 30 26 an an DET ajst-7783 30 27 increase increase NOUN ajst-7783 30 28 in in ADP ajst-7783 30 29 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 30 30 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 30 31 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 31 1 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 31 2 long long ADJ ajst-7783 31 3 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 31 4 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 31 5 is be AUX ajst-7783 31 6 the the DET ajst-7783 31 7 long long ADJ ajst-7783 31 8 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 31 9 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 31 10 that that PRON ajst-7783 31 11 is be AUX ajst-7783 31 12 absorbed absorb VERB ajst-7783 31 13 by by ADP ajst-7783 31 14 the the DET ajst-7783 31 15 sun sun NOUN ajst-7783 31 16 on on ADP ajst-7783 31 17 the the DET ajst-7783 31 18 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 31 19 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 31 20 then then ADV ajst-7783 31 21 emitted emit VERB ajst-7783 31 22 into into ADP ajst-7783 31 23 the the DET ajst-7783 31 24 atmosphere atmosphere NOUN ajst-7783 31 25 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 32 1 therefore therefore ADV ajst-7783 32 2 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 32 3 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 32 4 long long ADJ ajst-7783 32 5 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 32 6 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 32 7 can can AUX ajst-7783 32 8 cause cause VERB ajst-7783 32 9 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 32 10 loss loss NOUN ajst-7783 32 11 on on ADP ajst-7783 32 12 the the DET ajst-7783 32 13 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 32 14 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 32 15 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 32 16 ground grind VERB ajst-7783 32 17 long long ADJ ajst-7783 32 18 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 32 19 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 32 20 is be AUX ajst-7783 32 21 the the DET ajst-7783 32 22 main main ADJ ajst-7783 32 23 factor factor NOUN ajst-7783 32 24 leading lead VERB ajst-7783 32 25 to to ADP ajst-7783 32 26 a a DET ajst-7783 32 27 decrease decrease NOUN ajst-7783 32 28 in in ADP ajst-7783 32 29 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 32 30 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 32 31 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 33 1 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 33 2 reverse reverse NOUN ajst-7783 33 3 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 33 4 is be AUX ajst-7783 33 5 the the DET ajst-7783 33 6 phenomenon phenomenon NOUN ajst-7783 33 7 of of ADP ajst-7783 33 8 the the DET ajst-7783 33 9 atmosphere atmosphere NOUN ajst-7783 33 10 radiating radiate VERB ajst-7783 33 11 energy energy NOUN ajst-7783 33 12 outward outward ADV ajst-7783 33 13 after after ADP ajst-7783 33 14 absorbing absorb VERB ajst-7783 33 15 long long ADJ ajst-7783 33 16 - - PUNCT ajst-7783 33 17 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 33 18 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 33 19 emitted emit VERB ajst-7783 33 20 from from ADP ajst-7783 33 21 the the DET ajst-7783 33 22 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 33 23 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 34 1 its its PRON ajst-7783 34 2 action action NOUN ajst-7783 34 3 on on ADP ajst-7783 34 4 the the DET ajst-7783 34 5 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 34 6 also also ADV ajst-7783 34 7 leads lead VERB ajst-7783 34 8 to to ADP ajst-7783 34 9 an an DET ajst-7783 34 10 increase increase NOUN ajst-7783 34 11 in in ADP ajst-7783 34 12 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 34 13 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 34 14 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 35 1 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 35 2 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 35 3 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 35 4 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 35 5 long long ADJ ajst-7783 35 6 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 35 7 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 35 8 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 35 9 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 35 10 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 35 11 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 35 12 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 35 13 are be AUX ajst-7783 35 14 the the DET ajst-7783 35 15 main main ADJ ajst-7783 35 16 factors factor NOUN ajst-7783 35 17 affecting affect VERB ajst-7783 35 18 road road NOUN ajst-7783 35 19 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 35 20 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 35 21 changes change NOUN ajst-7783 35 22 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 36 1 according accord VERB ajst-7783 36 2 to to ADP ajst-7783 36 3 the the DET ajst-7783 36 4 principle principle NOUN ajst-7783 36 5 of of ADP ajst-7783 36 6 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 36 7 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 36 8 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 36 9 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 36 10 there there PRON ajst-7783 36 11 is be VERB ajst-7783 36 12 a a DET ajst-7783 36 13 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 36 14 balance balance NOUN ajst-7783 36 15 relationship relationship NOUN ajst-7783 36 16 among among ADP ajst-7783 36 17 these these DET ajst-7783 36 18 three three NUM ajst-7783 36 19 factors factor NOUN ajst-7783 36 20 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 37 1 therefore therefore ADV ajst-7783 37 2 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 37 3 based base VERB ajst-7783 37 4 on on ADP ajst-7783 37 5 the the DET ajst-7783 37 6 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN ajst-7783 37 7 relationship relationship NOUN ajst-7783 37 8 between between ADP ajst-7783 37 9 these these DET ajst-7783 37 10 three three NUM ajst-7783 37 11 radiations radiation NOUN ajst-7783 37 12 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 37 13 the the DET ajst-7783 37 14 physical physical ADJ ajst-7783 37 15 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 37 16 formula formula NOUN ajst-7783 37 17 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 37 18 this this DET ajst-7783 37 19 chapter chapter NOUN ajst-7783 37 20 designs design VERB ajst-7783 37 21 a a DET ajst-7783 37 22 short short ADJ ajst-7783 37 23 - - PUNCT ajst-7783 37 24 term term NOUN ajst-7783 37 25 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 37 26 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 37 27 for for ADP ajst-7783 37 28 road road NOUN ajst-7783 37 29 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 37 30 icing icing NOUN ajst-7783 37 31 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 37 32 which which PRON ajst-7783 37 33 is be AUX ajst-7783 37 34 used use VERB ajst-7783 37 35 to to PART ajst-7783 37 36 predict predict VERB ajst-7783 37 37 road road NOUN ajst-7783 37 38 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 37 39 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 37 40 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 38 1 according accord VERB ajst-7783 38 2 to to ADP ajst-7783 38 3 the the DET ajst-7783 38 4 principle principle NOUN ajst-7783 38 5 of of ADP ajst-7783 38 6 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 38 7 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 38 8 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 38 9 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 38 10 the the DET ajst-7783 38 11 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN ajst-7783 38 12 relationship relationship NOUN ajst-7783 38 13 between between ADP ajst-7783 38 14 the the DET ajst-7783 38 15 three three NUM ajst-7783 38 16 can can AUX ajst-7783 38 17 be be AUX ajst-7783 38 18 obtained obtain VERB ajst-7783 38 19 as as SCONJ ajst-7783 38 20 shown show VERB ajst-7783 38 21 in in ADP ajst-7783 38 22 figure figure NOUN ajst-7783 38 23 2 2 NUM ajst-7783 38 24 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 38 25 figure figure NOUN ajst-7783 38 26 2 2 NUM ajst-7783 38 27 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 38 28 principle principle NOUN ajst-7783 38 29 of of ADP ajst-7783 38 30 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 38 31 net net ADJ ajst-7783 38 32 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 38 33 in in ADP ajst-7783 38 34 figure figure NOUN ajst-7783 38 35 2 2 NUM ajst-7783 38 36 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 38 37 rs(w rs(w ADJ ajst-7783 38 38 / / SYM ajst-7783 38 39 m2)represents m2)represent NOUN ajst-7783 38 40 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 38 41 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 38 42 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 38 43 rl↓(w rl↓(w SYM ajst-7783 38 44 / / SYM ajst-7783 38 45 m2)is m2)is NOUN ajst-7783 38 46 the the DET ajst-7783 38 47 longwave longwave NOUN ajst-7783 38 48 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 38 49 emitted emit VERB ajst-7783 38 50 downward downward ADV ajst-7783 38 51 from from ADP ajst-7783 38 52 the the DET ajst-7783 38 53 atmosphere atmosphere NOUN ajst-7783 38 54 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 38 55 which which PRON ajst-7783 38 56 is be AUX ajst-7783 38 57 called call VERB ajst-7783 38 58 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 38 59 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 38 60 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 38 61 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 38 62 rl1↑represents rl1↑represent NOUN ajst-7783 38 63 the the DET ajst-7783 38 64 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 38 65 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 38 66 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 38 67 reflected reflect VERB ajst-7783 38 68 from from ADP ajst-7783 38 69 the the DET ajst-7783 38 70 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 38 71 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 38 72 rl2↑ rl2↑ NOUN ajst-7783 38 73 represents represent VERB ajst-7783 38 74 the the DET ajst-7783 38 75 longwave longwave ADJ ajst-7783 38 76 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 38 77 emitted emit VERB ajst-7783 38 78 upwards upwards ADV ajst-7783 38 79 from from ADP ajst-7783 38 80 the the DET ajst-7783 38 81 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 38 82 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 38 83 the the DET ajst-7783 38 84 sum sum NOUN ajst-7783 38 85 of of ADP ajst-7783 38 86 the the DET ajst-7783 38 87 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 38 88 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 38 89 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 38 90 reflected reflect VERB ajst-7783 38 91 from from ADP ajst-7783 38 92 the the DET ajst-7783 38 93 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 38 94 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 38 95 the the DET ajst-7783 38 96 longwave longwave NOUN ajst-7783 38 97 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 38 98 emitted emit VERB ajst-7783 38 99 upwards upwards ADV ajst-7783 38 100 from from ADP ajst-7783 38 101 the the DET ajst-7783 38 102 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 38 103 is be AUX ajst-7783 38 104 called call VERB ajst-7783 38 105 the the DET ajst-7783 38 106 net net ADJ ajst-7783 38 107 longwave longwave NOUN ajst-7783 38 108 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 38 109 on on ADP ajst-7783 38 110 the the DET ajst-7783 38 111 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 38 112 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 38 113 denoted denote VERB ajst-7783 38 114 as as ADP ajst-7783 38 115 rl↑(w rl↑(w PROPN ajst-7783 38 116 / / SYM ajst-7783 38 117 m2 m2 PROPN ajst-7783 38 118 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 38 119 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 39 1 therefore therefore ADV ajst-7783 39 2 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 39 3 based base VERB ajst-7783 39 4 on on ADP ajst-7783 39 5 the the DET ajst-7783 39 6 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 39 7 balance balance NOUN ajst-7783 39 8 principle principle NOUN ajst-7783 39 9 between between ADP ajst-7783 39 10 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 39 11 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 39 12 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 39 13 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 39 14 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 39 15 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 39 16 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 39 17 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 39 18 surface surface VERB ajst-7783 39 19 net net ADJ ajst-7783 39 20 longwave longwave NOUN ajst-7783 39 21 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 39 22 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 39 23 the the DET ajst-7783 39 24 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 39 25 absorbed absorb VERB ajst-7783 39 26 net net ADJ ajst-7783 39 27 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 39 28 rn rn PROPN ajst-7783 39 29 can can AUX ajst-7783 39 30 be be AUX ajst-7783 39 31 obtained obtain VERB ajst-7783 39 32 as as ADP ajst-7783 39 33 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 39 34 r r NOUN ajst-7783 39 35 r r NOUN ajst-7783 39 36 ↓ ↓ NOUN ajst-7783 39 37 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 39 38 𝛼 𝛼 NOUN ajst-7783 39 39 r r NOUN ajst-7783 39 40 ↓ ↓ NOUN ajst-7783 39 41 𝑅 𝑅 PROPN ajst-7783 39 42 ↑ ↑ PROPN ajst-7783 39 43 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 39 44 5 5 NUM ajst-7783 39 45 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 39 46 in in ADP ajst-7783 39 47 the the DET ajst-7783 39 48 equation equation NOUN ajst-7783 39 49 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 39 50 Ξ± Ξ± PROPN ajst-7783 39 51 is be AUX ajst-7783 39 52 the the DET ajst-7783 39 53 albedo albedo NOUN ajst-7783 39 54 of of ADP ajst-7783 39 55 the the DET ajst-7783 39 56 road road NOUN ajst-7783 39 57 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 39 58 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 39 59 whose whose DET ajst-7783 39 60 value value NOUN ajst-7783 39 61 is be AUX ajst-7783 39 62 constant constant ADJ ajst-7783 39 63 0.31 0.31 NUM ajst-7783 39 64 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 40 1 according accord VERB ajst-7783 40 2 to to ADP ajst-7783 40 3 formulas formula NOUN ajst-7783 40 4 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 40 5 3 3 NUM ajst-7783 40 6 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 40 7 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 40 8 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 40 9 4 4 NUM ajst-7783 40 10 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 40 11 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 40 12 it it PRON ajst-7783 40 13 can can AUX ajst-7783 40 14 be be AUX ajst-7783 40 15 seen see VERB ajst-7783 40 16 that that SCONJ ajst-7783 40 17 the the DET ajst-7783 40 18 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 40 19 ability ability NOUN ajst-7783 40 20 of of ADP ajst-7783 40 21 an an DET ajst-7783 40 22 object object NOUN ajst-7783 40 23 is be AUX ajst-7783 40 24 affected affect VERB ajst-7783 40 25 by by ADP ajst-7783 40 26 its its PRON ajst-7783 40 27 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 40 28 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 40 29 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 41 1 therefore therefore ADV ajst-7783 41 2 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 41 3 the the DET ajst-7783 41 4 calculation calculation NOUN ajst-7783 41 5 formula formula NOUN ajst-7783 41 6 for for ADP ajst-7783 41 7 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 41 8 reverse reverse NOUN ajst-7783 41 9 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 41 10 rl↓ rl↓ NOUN ajst-7783 41 11 at at ADP ajst-7783 41 12 a a DET ajst-7783 41 13 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 41 14 of of ADP ajst-7783 41 15 ta ta PROPN ajst-7783 41 16 is be AUX ajst-7783 41 17 as as SCONJ ajst-7783 41 18 follows follow VERB ajst-7783 41 19 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 41 20 r r NOUN ajst-7783 41 21 ↓ ↓ PROPN ajst-7783 41 22 Ξ΅ Ξ΅ PROPN ajst-7783 41 23 πœŽπ‘‡ πœŽπ‘‡ PROPN ajst-7783 41 24 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 41 25 6 6 NUM ajst-7783 41 26 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 41 27 weng weng PROPN ajst-7783 41 28 duming duming PROPN ajst-7783 41 29 et et PROPN ajst-7783 41 30 al al PROPN ajst-7783 41 31 . . PROPN ajst-7783 41 32 conducted conduct VERB ajst-7783 41 33 research research NOUN ajst-7783 41 34 on on ADP ajst-7783 41 35 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 41 36 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 41 37 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 41 38 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 41 39 fitted fit VERB ajst-7783 41 40 it it PRON ajst-7783 41 41 using use VERB ajst-7783 41 42 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 41 43 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 41 44 sounding sound VERB ajst-7783 41 45 data datum NOUN ajst-7783 41 46 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 42 1 the the DET ajst-7783 42 2 calculation calculation NOUN ajst-7783 42 3 formula formula NOUN ajst-7783 42 4 for for ADP ajst-7783 42 5 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 42 6 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 42 7 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 42 8 rl↓ rl↓ NOUN ajst-7783 42 9 was be AUX ajst-7783 42 10 obtained obtain VERB ajst-7783 42 11 as as SCONJ ajst-7783 42 12 follows follow VERB ajst-7783 42 13 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 42 14 r r NOUN ajst-7783 42 15 ↓ ↓ PROPN ajst-7783 42 16 πœŽπ‘‡ πœŽπ‘‡ PROPN ajst-7783 42 17 0.536 0.536 NUM ajst-7783 42 18 0.128ln 0.128ln NUM ajst-7783 42 19 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 42 20 𝑒 𝑒 SYM ajst-7783 42 21 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 42 22 0.145𝑛 0.145𝑛 NOUN ajst-7783 42 23 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 42 24 7 7 NUM ajst-7783 42 25 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 42 26 in in ADP ajst-7783 42 27 the the DET ajst-7783 42 28 equation equation NOUN ajst-7783 42 29 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 42 30 ta ta X ajst-7783 42 31 is be AUX ajst-7783 42 32 the the DET ajst-7783 42 33 air air NOUN ajst-7783 42 34 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 42 35 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 42 36 expressed express VERB ajst-7783 42 37 in in ADP ajst-7783 42 38 k k PROPN ajst-7783 42 39 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 42 40 ed ed NOUN ajst-7783 42 41 is be AUX ajst-7783 42 42 the the DET ajst-7783 42 43 water water NOUN ajst-7783 42 44 vapor vapor NOUN ajst-7783 42 45 pressure pressure NOUN ajst-7783 42 46 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 42 47 hpa hpa NOUN ajst-7783 42 48 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 42 49 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 42 50 n n X ajst-7783 42 51 is be AUX ajst-7783 42 52 the the DET ajst-7783 42 53 cloud cloud ADJ ajst-7783 42 54 cover cover NOUN ajst-7783 42 55 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 43 1 due due ADP ajst-7783 43 2 to to ADP ajst-7783 43 3 the the DET ajst-7783 43 4 close close ADJ ajst-7783 43 5 relationship relationship NOUN ajst-7783 43 6 between between ADP ajst-7783 43 7 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 43 8 reverse reverse ADJ ajst-7783 43 9 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 43 10 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 43 11 air air NOUN ajst-7783 43 12 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 43 13 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 43 14 water water NOUN ajst-7783 43 15 vapor vapor NOUN ajst-7783 43 16 pressure pressure NOUN ajst-7783 43 17 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 44 1 the the DET ajst-7783 44 2 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 44 3 reverse reverse ADJ ajst-7783 44 4 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 44 5 part part NOUN ajst-7783 44 6 rl1↑ rl1↑ NOUN ajst-7783 44 7 reflected reflect VERB ajst-7783 44 8 from from ADP ajst-7783 44 9 the the DET ajst-7783 44 10 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 44 11 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 44 12 the the DET ajst-7783 44 13 longwave longwave NOUN ajst-7783 44 14 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 44 15 rl2↑ rl2↑ NOUN ajst-7783 44 16 emitted emit VERB ajst-7783 44 17 upwards upwards ADV ajst-7783 44 18 from from ADP ajst-7783 44 19 the the DET ajst-7783 44 20 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 44 21 are be AUX ajst-7783 44 22 respectively respectively ADV ajst-7783 44 23 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 44 24 r r NOUN ajst-7783 44 25 ↑ ↑ NOUN ajst-7783 44 26 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 44 27 Ξ΅ Ξ΅ PROPN ajst-7783 44 28 r r NOUN ajst-7783 44 29 ↓ ↓ NOUN ajst-7783 44 30 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 44 31 8) 8) NUM ajst-7783 44 32 r r NOUN ajst-7783 44 33 ↑ ↑ NOUN ajst-7783 44 34 Ξ΅ Ξ΅ PROPN ajst-7783 44 35 πœŽπ‘‡ πœŽπ‘‡ PROPN ajst-7783 44 36 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 44 37 9 9 NUM ajst-7783 44 38 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 44 39 then then ADV ajst-7783 44 40 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 44 41 the the DET ajst-7783 44 42 net net ADJ ajst-7783 44 43 long long ADJ ajst-7783 44 44 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 44 45 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 44 46 on on ADP ajst-7783 44 47 the the DET ajst-7783 44 48 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 44 49 is be AUX ajst-7783 44 50 denoted denote VERB ajst-7783 44 51 as as ADP ajst-7783 44 52 rl↑ rl↑ PROPN ajst-7783 44 53 as as ADP ajst-7783 44 54 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 44 55 r r NOUN ajst-7783 44 56 ↑ ↑ PROPN ajst-7783 44 57 Ξ΅ Ξ΅ PROPN ajst-7783 44 58 πœŽπ‘‡ πœŽπ‘‡ ADJ ajst-7783 44 59 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 44 60 Ξ΅ Ξ΅ PROPN ajst-7783 44 61 r r NOUN ajst-7783 44 62 ↓ ↓ NOUN ajst-7783 44 63 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 44 64 10 10 NUM ajst-7783 44 65 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 44 66 in in ADP ajst-7783 44 67 the the DET ajst-7783 44 68 formula formula NOUN ajst-7783 44 69 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 44 70 ts ts ADP ajst-7783 44 71 is be AUX ajst-7783 44 72 the the DET ajst-7783 44 73 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 44 74 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 44 75 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 44 76 k k NOUN ajst-7783 44 77 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 44 78 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 44 79 Ξ΅ Ξ΅ PROPN ajst-7783 44 80 is be AUX ajst-7783 44 81 the the DET ajst-7783 44 82 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 44 83 specific specific ADJ ajst-7783 44 84 radiance radiance NOUN ajst-7783 44 85 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 44 86 which which PRON ajst-7783 44 87 is be AUX ajst-7783 44 88 generally generally ADV ajst-7783 44 89 between between ADP ajst-7783 44 90 0.850.99 0.850.99 NOUN ajst-7783 44 91 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 44 92 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 44 93 the the DET ajst-7783 44 94 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 44 95 specific specific ADJ ajst-7783 44 96 radiance radiance NOUN ajst-7783 44 97 of of ADP ajst-7783 44 98 asphalt asphalt NOUN ajst-7783 44 99 pavement pavement NOUN ajst-7783 44 100 is be AUX ajst-7783 44 101 0.96 0.96 NUM ajst-7783 44 102 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 45 1 due due ADP ajst-7783 45 2 to to ADP ajst-7783 45 3 the the DET ajst-7783 45 4 physical physical ADJ ajst-7783 45 5 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 45 6 formula formula NOUN ajst-7783 45 7 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 45 8 q q PROPN ajst-7783 45 9 cmβˆ†t cmβˆ†t PROPN ajst-7783 45 10 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 45 11 11 11 NUM ajst-7783 45 12 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 45 13 therefore therefore ADV ajst-7783 45 14 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 45 15 from from ADP ajst-7783 45 16 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 45 17 11 11 NUM ajst-7783 45 18 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 45 19 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 45 20 formulas formula NOUN ajst-7783 45 21 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 45 22 5 5 NUM ajst-7783 45 23 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 45 24 to to ADP ajst-7783 45 25 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 45 26 10 10 NUM ajst-7783 45 27 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 45 28 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 45 29 the the DET ajst-7783 45 30 change change NOUN ajst-7783 45 31 in in ADP ajst-7783 45 32 road road NOUN ajst-7783 45 33 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 45 34 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 45 35 after after ADP ajst-7783 45 36 the the DET ajst-7783 45 37 time time NOUN ajst-7783 45 38 interval interval NOUN ajst-7783 45 39 βˆ†t βˆ†t PROPN ajst-7783 45 40 is be AUX ajst-7783 45 41 92 92 NUM ajst-7783 45 42 obtained obtain VERB ajst-7783 45 43 as as ADP ajst-7783 45 44 βˆ†t βˆ†t NOUN ajst-7783 45 45 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 45 46 βˆ†t βˆ†t ADJ ajst-7783 45 47 βˆ† βˆ† PROPN ajst-7783 45 48 βˆ† βˆ† X ajst-7783 45 49 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 45 50 12 12 NUM ajst-7783 45 51 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 45 52 in in ADP ajst-7783 45 53 the the DET ajst-7783 45 54 formula formula NOUN ajst-7783 45 55 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 45 56 q q PUNCT ajst-7783 45 57 is be AUX ajst-7783 45 58 the the DET ajst-7783 45 59 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 45 60 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 45 61 j j PROPN ajst-7783 45 62 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 45 63 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 45 64 cp cp PROPN ajst-7783 45 65 is be AUX ajst-7783 45 66 the the DET ajst-7783 45 67 specific specific ADJ ajst-7783 45 68 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 45 69 capacity capacity NOUN ajst-7783 45 70 of of ADP ajst-7783 45 71 asphalt asphalt NOUN ajst-7783 45 72 pavement pavement NOUN ajst-7783 45 73 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 45 74 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 45 75 the the DET ajst-7783 45 76 value value NOUN ajst-7783 45 77 is be AUX ajst-7783 45 78 1.67kj 1.67kj NUM ajst-7783 45 79 / / SYM ajst-7783 45 80 kg kg PROPN ajst-7783 45 81 Β· Β· PUNCT ajst-7783 45 82 ℃ ℃ PROPN ajst-7783 45 83 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 45 84 mp mp PROPN ajst-7783 45 85 is be AUX ajst-7783 45 86 the the DET ajst-7783 45 87 mass mass NOUN ajst-7783 45 88 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 45 89 kg kg NOUN ajst-7783 45 90 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 45 91 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 45 92 βˆ†t βˆ†t PROPN ajst-7783 45 93 is be AUX ajst-7783 45 94 the the DET ajst-7783 45 95 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 45 96 change change NOUN ajst-7783 45 97 value value NOUN ajst-7783 45 98 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 45 99 ℃ ℃ PROPN ajst-7783 45 100 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 45 101 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 45 102 βˆ†t βˆ†t PROPN ajst-7783 45 103 is be AUX ajst-7783 45 104 the the DET ajst-7783 45 105 interval interval NOUN ajst-7783 45 106 time time NOUN ajst-7783 45 107 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 45 108 s s NOUN ajst-7783 45 109 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 45 110 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 45 111 sp sp ADP ajst-7783 45 112 is be AUX ajst-7783 45 113 the the DET ajst-7783 45 114 area area NOUN ajst-7783 45 115 of of ADP ajst-7783 45 116 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 45 117 absorption absorption NOUN ajst-7783 45 118 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 45 119 m2 m2 PROPN ajst-7783 45 120 ) ) PUNCT ajst-7783 45 121 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 45 122 𝜌 𝜌 X ajst-7783 45 123 is be AUX ajst-7783 45 124 the the DET ajst-7783 45 125 density density NOUN ajst-7783 45 126 of of ADP ajst-7783 45 127 asphalt asphalt NOUN ajst-7783 45 128 pavement pavement NOUN ajst-7783 45 129 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 45 130 with with ADP ajst-7783 45 131 a a DET ajst-7783 45 132 value value NOUN ajst-7783 45 133 of of ADP ajst-7783 45 134 1.25Γ— 1.25Γ— NUM ajst-7783 45 135 103kg 103kg NOUN ajst-7783 45 136 / / SYM ajst-7783 45 137 m3 m3 PROPN ajst-7783 45 138 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 45 139 hp hp PROPN ajst-7783 45 140 represents represent VERB ajst-7783 45 141 the the DET ajst-7783 45 142 calculated calculated ADJ ajst-7783 45 143 depth depth NOUN ajst-7783 45 144 of of ADP ajst-7783 45 145 the the DET ajst-7783 45 146 road road NOUN ajst-7783 45 147 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 45 148 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 45 149 taken take VERB ajst-7783 45 150 as as ADP ajst-7783 45 151 0.01 0.01 NUM ajst-7783 45 152 m m NOUN ajst-7783 45 153 here here ADV ajst-7783 45 154 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 46 1 if if SCONJ ajst-7783 46 2 t0 t0 PROPN ajst-7783 46 3 is be AUX ajst-7783 46 4 the the DET ajst-7783 46 5 road road NOUN ajst-7783 46 6 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 46 7 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 46 8 at at ADP ajst-7783 46 9 the the DET ajst-7783 46 10 current current ADJ ajst-7783 46 11 time time NOUN ajst-7783 46 12 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 46 13 t1 t1 NOUN ajst-7783 46 14 is be AUX ajst-7783 46 15 the the DET ajst-7783 46 16 road road NOUN ajst-7783 46 17 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 46 18 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 46 19 at at ADP ajst-7783 46 20 the the DET ajst-7783 46 21 next next ADJ ajst-7783 46 22 time time NOUN ajst-7783 46 23 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 46 24 then then ADV ajst-7783 46 25 : : PUNCT ajst-7783 46 26 t t PROPN ajst-7783 46 27 t t PROPN ajst-7783 46 28 βˆ†t βˆ†t PROPN ajst-7783 46 29 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 46 30 13 13 NUM ajst-7783 46 31 ) ) SYM ajst-7783 46 32 2 2 NUM ajst-7783 46 33 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 46 34 verification verification NOUN ajst-7783 46 35 of of ADP ajst-7783 46 36 ice ice NOUN ajst-7783 46 37 warning warning NOUN ajst-7783 46 38 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 46 39 according accord VERB ajst-7783 46 40 to to ADP ajst-7783 46 41 the the DET ajst-7783 46 42 above above ADJ ajst-7783 46 43 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 46 44 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 46 45 the the DET ajst-7783 46 46 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 46 47 time time NOUN ajst-7783 46 48 is be AUX ajst-7783 46 49 set set VERB ajst-7783 46 50 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 46 51 combined combine VERB ajst-7783 46 52 with with ADP ajst-7783 46 53 the the DET ajst-7783 46 54 meteorological meteorological ADJ ajst-7783 46 55 data datum NOUN ajst-7783 46 56 collected collect VERB ajst-7783 46 57 by by ADP ajst-7783 46 58 the the DET ajst-7783 46 59 system system NOUN ajst-7783 46 60 's 's PART ajst-7783 46 61 road road NOUN ajst-7783 46 62 meteorological meteorological ADJ ajst-7783 46 63 station station NOUN ajst-7783 46 64 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 47 1 at at ADP ajst-7783 47 2 the the DET ajst-7783 47 3 same same ADJ ajst-7783 47 4 time time NOUN ajst-7783 47 5 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 47 6 the the DET ajst-7783 47 7 road road NOUN ajst-7783 47 8 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 47 9 freezing freeze VERB ajst-7783 47 10 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 47 11 is be AUX ajst-7783 47 12 obtained obtain VERB ajst-7783 47 13 through through ADP ajst-7783 47 14 experiments experiment NOUN ajst-7783 47 15 on on ADP ajst-7783 47 16 the the DET ajst-7783 47 17 freezing freeze VERB ajst-7783 47 18 detection detection NOUN ajst-7783 47 19 lower low ADJ ajst-7783 47 20 computer computer NOUN ajst-7783 47 21 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 47 22 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 47 23 then then ADV ajst-7783 47 24 the the DET ajst-7783 47 25 short short ADJ ajst-7783 47 26 - - PUNCT ajst-7783 47 27 term term NOUN ajst-7783 47 28 freezing freezing NOUN ajst-7783 47 29 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 47 30 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 47 31 is be AUX ajst-7783 47 32 used use VERB ajst-7783 47 33 to to PART ajst-7783 47 34 predict predict VERB ajst-7783 47 35 the the DET ajst-7783 47 36 road road NOUN ajst-7783 47 37 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 47 38 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 47 39 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 48 1 the the DET ajst-7783 48 2 relevant relevant ADJ ajst-7783 48 3 data data NOUN ajst-7783 48 4 is be AUX ajst-7783 48 5 shown show VERB ajst-7783 48 6 in in ADP ajst-7783 48 7 table table NOUN ajst-7783 48 8 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 48 9 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 48 10 table table NOUN ajst-7783 48 11 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 48 12 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 48 13 short short ADJ ajst-7783 48 14 term term NOUN ajst-7783 48 15 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 48 16 data datum NOUN ajst-7783 48 17 of of ADP ajst-7783 48 18 freezing freeze VERB ajst-7783 48 19 no no NOUN ajst-7783 48 20 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 49 1 current current ADJ ajst-7783 49 2 time time NOUN ajst-7783 49 3 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 49 4 time time NOUN ajst-7783 49 5 current current ADJ ajst-7783 49 6 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 49 7 ℃ ℃ PROPN ajst-7783 49 8 current current ADJ ajst-7783 49 9 road road NOUN ajst-7783 49 10 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 49 11 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 49 12 ℃ ℃ PROPN ajst-7783 49 13 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 49 14 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 49 15 w w PROPN ajst-7783 49 16 / / SYM ajst-7783 49 17 m2 m2 PROPN ajst-7783 49 18 freezing freeze VERB ajst-7783 49 19 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 49 20 ℃ ℃ PROPN ajst-7783 49 21 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 49 22 10:00 10:00 NUM ajst-7783 49 23 10:30 10:30 NUM ajst-7783 49 24 -2.0 -2.0 X ajst-7783 49 25 -1.4 -1.4 PROPN ajst-7783 49 26 268 268 NUM ajst-7783 49 27 -4.7 -4.7 NOUN ajst-7783 49 28 2 2 NUM ajst-7783 49 29 13:10 13:10 NUM ajst-7783 49 30 13:30 13:30 NUM ajst-7783 49 31 3.1 3.1 NUM ajst-7783 49 32 2.5 2.5 NUM ajst-7783 49 33 333 333 NUM ajst-7783 49 34 -6.8 -6.8 NOUN ajst-7783 49 35 3 3 NUM ajst-7783 49 36 18:00 18:00 NUM ajst-7783 49 37 18:50 18:50 NUM ajst-7783 49 38 1.3 1.3 NUM ajst-7783 49 39 1.1 1.1 NUM ajst-7783 49 40 0 0 NUM ajst-7783 50 1 -6.1 -6.1 NOUN ajst-7783 50 2 4 4 NUM ajst-7783 50 3 20:40 20:40 NUM ajst-7783 50 4 21:00 21:00 NUM ajst-7783 50 5 -3.6 -3.6 PROPN ajst-7783 50 6 -3.1 -3.1 PROPN ajst-7783 50 7 0 0 PUNCT ajst-7783 50 8 -4.6 -4.6 PROPN ajst-7783 50 9 5 5 NUM ajst-7783 50 10 23:00 23:00 NUM ajst-7783 50 11 24:00 24:00 NUM ajst-7783 50 12 -5.8 -5.8 PRON ajst-7783 50 13 -5.0 -5.0 PUNCT ajst-7783 50 14 0 0 NUM ajst-7783 50 15 -5.9 -5.9 NOUN ajst-7783 50 16 in in ADP ajst-7783 50 17 table table NOUN ajst-7783 50 18 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 50 19 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 50 20 the the DET ajst-7783 50 21 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 50 22 time time NOUN ajst-7783 50 23 intervals interval NOUN ajst-7783 50 24 are be AUX ajst-7783 50 25 set set VERB ajst-7783 50 26 to to PART ajst-7783 50 27 be be AUX ajst-7783 50 28 30min 30min NOUN ajst-7783 50 29 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 50 30 20min 20min NUM ajst-7783 50 31 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 50 32 50min 50min NOUN ajst-7783 50 33 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 50 34 20min 20min NUM ajst-7783 50 35 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 50 36 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 50 37 60min 60min NOUN ajst-7783 50 38 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 50 39 respectively respectively ADV ajst-7783 50 40 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 51 1 according accord VERB ajst-7783 51 2 to to ADP ajst-7783 51 3 the the DET ajst-7783 51 4 short short ADJ ajst-7783 51 5 - - PUNCT ajst-7783 51 6 term term NOUN ajst-7783 51 7 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 51 8 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 51 9 for for ADP ajst-7783 51 10 ice ice NOUN ajst-7783 51 11 formation formation NOUN ajst-7783 51 12 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 51 13 the the DET ajst-7783 51 14 corresponding corresponding ADJ ajst-7783 51 15 predicted predict VERB ajst-7783 51 16 road road NOUN ajst-7783 51 17 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 51 18 temperatures temperature NOUN ajst-7783 51 19 can can AUX ajst-7783 51 20 be be AUX ajst-7783 51 21 calculated calculate VERB ajst-7783 51 22 to to PART ajst-7783 51 23 be be AUX ajst-7783 51 24 1.5 1.5 NUM ajst-7783 51 25 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 51 26 3.9 3.9 NUM ajst-7783 51 27 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 51 28 -2.7 -2.7 NOUN ajst-7783 51 29 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 51 30 -4.8 -4.8 ADJ ajst-7783 51 31 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 51 32 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 51 33 -6.2 -6.2 NOUN ajst-7783 51 34 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 51 35 respectively respectively ADV ajst-7783 51 36 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 52 1 therefore therefore ADV ajst-7783 52 2 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 52 3 by by ADP ajst-7783 52 4 comparing compare VERB ajst-7783 52 5 the the DET ajst-7783 52 6 predicted predict VERB ajst-7783 52 7 road road NOUN ajst-7783 52 8 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 52 9 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 52 10 with with ADP ajst-7783 52 11 the the DET ajst-7783 52 12 road road NOUN ajst-7783 52 13 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 52 14 ice ice NOUN ajst-7783 52 15 formation formation NOUN ajst-7783 52 16 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 52 17 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 52 18 it it PRON ajst-7783 52 19 is be AUX ajst-7783 52 20 expected expect VERB ajst-7783 52 21 that that SCONJ ajst-7783 52 22 at at ADP ajst-7783 52 23 10:30 10:30 NUM ajst-7783 52 24 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 52 25 13:30 13:30 NUM ajst-7783 52 26 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 52 27 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 52 28 18:50 18:50 NUM ajst-7783 52 29 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 52 30 when when SCONJ ajst-7783 52 31 the the DET ajst-7783 52 32 road road NOUN ajst-7783 52 33 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 52 34 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 52 35 is be AUX ajst-7783 52 36 higher high ADJ ajst-7783 52 37 than than ADP ajst-7783 52 38 the the DET ajst-7783 52 39 ice ice NOUN ajst-7783 52 40 formation formation NOUN ajst-7783 52 41 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 52 42 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 52 43 the the DET ajst-7783 52 44 road road NOUN ajst-7783 52 45 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 52 46 will will AUX ajst-7783 52 47 not not PART ajst-7783 52 48 ice ice VERB ajst-7783 52 49 formation formation NOUN ajst-7783 52 50 ; ; PUNCT ajst-7783 52 51 at at ADP ajst-7783 52 52 21:00 21:00 NUM ajst-7783 52 53 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 52 54 24:00 24:00 NUM ajst-7783 52 55 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 52 56 if if SCONJ ajst-7783 52 57 the the DET ajst-7783 52 58 road road NOUN ajst-7783 52 59 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 52 60 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 52 61 is be AUX ajst-7783 52 62 lower low ADJ ajst-7783 52 63 than than ADP ajst-7783 52 64 the the DET ajst-7783 52 65 freezing freezing ADJ ajst-7783 52 66 temperature temperature NOUN ajst-7783 52 67 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 52 68 the the DET ajst-7783 52 69 road road NOUN ajst-7783 52 70 surface surface NOUN ajst-7783 52 71 will will AUX ajst-7783 52 72 experience experience VERB ajst-7783 52 73 freezing freezing NOUN ajst-7783 52 74 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 53 1 3 3 X ajst-7783 53 2 . . X ajst-7783 53 3 summary summary NOUN ajst-7783 53 4 this this DET ajst-7783 53 5 article article NOUN ajst-7783 53 6 conducts conduct VERB ajst-7783 53 7 a a DET ajst-7783 53 8 detailed detailed ADJ ajst-7783 53 9 study study NOUN ajst-7783 53 10 on on ADP ajst-7783 53 11 the the DET ajst-7783 53 12 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 53 13 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 53 14 model model NOUN ajst-7783 53 15 for for ADP ajst-7783 53 16 ice ice NOUN ajst-7783 53 17 freezing freezing NOUN ajst-7783 53 18 warning warning NOUN ajst-7783 53 19 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 54 1 by by ADP ajst-7783 54 2 analyzing analyze VERB ajst-7783 54 3 the the DET ajst-7783 54 4 influencing influence VERB ajst-7783 54 5 factors factor NOUN ajst-7783 54 6 of of ADP ajst-7783 54 7 road road NOUN ajst-7783 54 8 icing ice VERB ajst-7783 54 9 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 54 10 applying apply VERB ajst-7783 54 11 the the DET ajst-7783 54 12 basic basic ADJ ajst-7783 54 13 theory theory NOUN ajst-7783 54 14 of of ADP ajst-7783 54 15 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 54 16 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 54 17 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 54 18 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 54 19 the the DET ajst-7783 54 20 balance balance NOUN ajst-7783 54 21 relationship relationship NOUN ajst-7783 54 22 between between ADP ajst-7783 54 23 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 54 24 short short ADJ ajst-7783 54 25 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 54 26 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 54 27 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 54 28 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 54 29 inverse inverse NOUN ajst-7783 54 30 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 54 31 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 54 32 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 54 33 ground grind VERB ajst-7783 54 34 long long ADJ ajst-7783 54 35 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 54 36 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 54 37 was be AUX ajst-7783 54 38 studied study VERB ajst-7783 54 39 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 55 1 on on ADP ajst-7783 55 2 this this DET ajst-7783 55 3 basis basis NOUN ajst-7783 55 4 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 55 5 a a DET ajst-7783 55 6 short short ADJ ajst-7783 55 7 - - PUNCT ajst-7783 55 8 term term NOUN ajst-7783 55 9 prediction prediction NOUN ajst-7783 55 10 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 55 11 of of ADP ajst-7783 55 12 road road NOUN ajst-7783 55 13 freezing freezing NOUN ajst-7783 55 14 is be AUX ajst-7783 55 15 proposed propose VERB ajst-7783 55 16 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 55 17 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 55 18 the the DET ajst-7783 55 19 finite finite ADJ ajst-7783 55 20 state state NOUN ajst-7783 55 21 machine machine NOUN ajst-7783 55 22 model model NOUN ajst-7783 55 23 of of ADP ajst-7783 55 24 road road NOUN ajst-7783 55 25 freezing freeze VERB ajst-7783 55 26 early early ADJ ajst-7783 55 27 warning warning NOUN ajst-7783 55 28 is be AUX ajst-7783 55 29 established establish VERB ajst-7783 55 30 by by ADP ajst-7783 55 31 dividing divide VERB ajst-7783 55 32 the the DET ajst-7783 55 33 system system NOUN ajst-7783 55 34 states state NOUN ajst-7783 55 35 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 55 36 combining combine VERB ajst-7783 55 37 the the DET ajst-7783 55 38 finite finite ADJ ajst-7783 55 39 state state NOUN ajst-7783 55 40 automata automata NOUN ajst-7783 55 41 theory theory NOUN ajst-7783 55 42 theory theory NOUN ajst-7783 55 43 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 56 1 finally finally ADV ajst-7783 56 2 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 56 3 the the DET ajst-7783 56 4 ice ice NOUN ajst-7783 56 5 freezing freeze VERB ajst-7783 56 6 warning warning NOUN ajst-7783 56 7 algorithm algorithm NOUN ajst-7783 56 8 was be AUX ajst-7783 56 9 validated validate VERB ajst-7783 56 10 based base VERB ajst-7783 56 11 on on ADP ajst-7783 56 12 the the DET ajst-7783 56 13 monitoring monitoring NOUN ajst-7783 56 14 data datum NOUN ajst-7783 56 15 of of ADP ajst-7783 56 16 the the DET ajst-7783 56 17 road road NOUN ajst-7783 56 18 meteorological meteorological ADJ ajst-7783 56 19 station station NOUN ajst-7783 56 20 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 57 1 references reference NOUN ajst-7783 57 2 [ [ X ajst-7783 57 3 1 1 X ajst-7783 57 4 ] ] PUNCT ajst-7783 57 5 ni ni PROPN ajst-7783 57 6 wen wen PROPN ajst-7783 57 7 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 57 8 wang wang PROPN ajst-7783 57 9 yinsheng yinsheng PROPN ajst-7783 57 10 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 57 11 wang wang PROPN ajst-7783 57 12 guoqing guoqe VERB ajst-7783 57 13 discussion discussion NOUN ajst-7783 57 14 on on ADP ajst-7783 57 15 several several ADJ ajst-7783 57 16 issues issue NOUN ajst-7783 57 17 of of ADP ajst-7783 57 18 improving improve VERB ajst-7783 57 19 the the DET ajst-7783 57 20 thermal thermal ADJ ajst-7783 57 21 insulation insulation NOUN ajst-7783 57 22 effect effect NOUN ajst-7783 57 23 of of ADP ajst-7783 57 24 fiber fiber NOUN ajst-7783 57 25 thermal thermal ADJ ajst-7783 57 26 insulation insulation NOUN ajst-7783 57 27 materials material NOUN ajst-7783 57 28 based base VERB ajst-7783 57 29 on on ADP ajst-7783 57 30 the the DET ajst-7783 57 31 theory theory NOUN ajst-7783 57 32 of of ADP ajst-7783 57 33 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 57 34 heat heat NOUN ajst-7783 57 35 transfer transfer NOUN ajst-7783 57 36 [ [ NOUN ajst-7783 57 37 c]//the c]//the DET ajst-7783 57 38 prospects prospect NOUN ajst-7783 57 39 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 57 40 construction construction NOUN ajst-7783 57 41 of of ADP ajst-7783 57 42 thermal thermal ADJ ajst-7783 57 43 insulation insulation NOUN ajst-7783 57 44 materials material NOUN ajst-7783 57 45 0 0 NUM ajst-7783 57 46 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 58 1 [ [ X ajst-7783 58 2 2 2 NUM ajst-7783 58 3 ] ] PUNCT ajst-7783 58 4 li li PROPN ajst-7783 58 5 xin xin PROPN ajst-7783 58 6 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 58 7 cheng cheng PROPN ajst-7783 58 8 guodong guodong PROPN ajst-7783 58 9 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 58 10 chen chen PROPN ajst-7783 58 11 xianzhang xianzhang PROPN ajst-7783 58 12 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 58 13 et et PROPN ajst-7783 58 14 al al PROPN ajst-7783 58 15 improvement improvement NOUN ajst-7783 58 16 of of ADP ajst-7783 58 17 the the DET ajst-7783 58 18 solar solar ADJ ajst-7783 58 19 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 58 20 model model NOUN ajst-7783 58 21 under under ADP ajst-7783 58 22 arbitrary arbitrary ADJ ajst-7783 58 23 terrain terrain NOUN ajst-7783 58 24 conditions condition NOUN ajst-7783 58 25 [ [ X ajst-7783 58 26 j j X ajst-7783 58 27 ] ] X ajst-7783 58 28 science science NOUN ajst-7783 58 29 bulletin bulletin NOUN ajst-7783 58 30 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 58 31 1999 1999 NUM ajst-7783 58 32 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 58 33 44 44 NUM ajst-7783 58 34 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 58 35 9 9 NUM ajst-7783 58 36 ): ): PUNCT ajst-7783 58 37 6 6 NUM ajst-7783 58 38 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 59 1 [ [ X ajst-7783 59 2 3 3 X ajst-7783 59 3 ] ] X ajst-7783 59 4 gao gao PROPN ajst-7783 59 5 guodong guodong PROPN ajst-7783 59 6 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 59 7 lu lu PROPN ajst-7783 59 8 yurong yurong PROPN ajst-7783 59 9 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 59 10 wu wu PROPN ajst-7783 59 11 biwen biwen PROPN ajst-7783 59 12 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 59 13 et et PROPN ajst-7783 59 14 al al PROPN ajst-7783 59 15 calculation calculation NOUN ajst-7783 59 16 of of ADP ajst-7783 59 17 ground ground NOUN ajst-7783 59 18 long long ADJ ajst-7783 59 19 wave wave NOUN ajst-7783 59 20 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 59 21 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 59 22 preliminary preliminary ADJ ajst-7783 59 23 analysis analysis NOUN ajst-7783 59 24 of of ADP ajst-7783 59 25 the the DET ajst-7783 59 26 impact impact NOUN ajst-7783 59 27 of of ADP ajst-7783 59 28 clouds cloud NOUN ajst-7783 59 29 on on ADP ajst-7783 59 30 it it PRON ajst-7783 59 31 [ [ X ajst-7783 59 32 j j X ajst-7783 59 33 ] ] X ajst-7783 59 34 meteorological meteorological ADJ ajst-7783 59 35 science science NOUN ajst-7783 59 36 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 59 37 1985 1985 NUM ajst-7783 59 38 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 59 39 02 02 NUM ajst-7783 59 40 ): ): PUNCT ajst-7783 59 41 80 80 NUM ajst-7783 59 42 - - SYM ajst-7783 59 43 87 87 NUM ajst-7783 59 44 . . PUNCT ajst-7783 60 1 [ [ X ajst-7783 60 2 4 4 X ajst-7783 60 3 ] ] X ajst-7783 60 4 weng weng PROPN ajst-7783 60 5 duming duming PROPN ajst-7783 60 6 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 60 7 chen chen PROPN ajst-7783 60 8 yuan yuan PROPN ajst-7783 60 9 climate climate NOUN ajst-7783 60 10 calculation calculation NOUN ajst-7783 60 11 and and CCONJ ajst-7783 60 12 distribution distribution NOUN ajst-7783 60 13 characteristics characteristic NOUN ajst-7783 60 14 of of ADP ajst-7783 60 15 atmospheric atmospheric ADJ ajst-7783 60 16 reverse reverse ADJ ajst-7783 60 17 radiation radiation NOUN ajst-7783 60 18 in in ADP ajst-7783 60 19 china china PROPN ajst-7783 60 20 [ [ X ajst-7783 60 21 j j X ajst-7783 60 22 ] ] X ajst-7783 60 23 journal journal PROPN ajst-7783 60 24 of of ADP ajst-7783 60 25 nanjing nanjing PROPN ajst-7783 60 26 institute institute PROPN ajst-7783 60 27 of of ADP ajst-7783 60 28 meteorology meteorology PROPN ajst-7783 60 29 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 60 30 1992 1992 NUM ajst-7783 60 31 , , PUNCT ajst-7783 60 32 015 015 NUM ajst-7783 60 33 ( ( PUNCT ajst-7783 60 34 001 001 NUM ajst-7783 60 35 ): ): PUNCT ajst-7783 60 36 1 1 NUM ajst-7783 60 37 - - SYM ajst-7783 60 38 9 9 NUM ajst-7783 60 39 . . PUNCT