Academic Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2771-3032 | Vol. 13, No. 3, 2024 28 Research on the Design of B&B Architectural Space Under the Characteristic Culture of Danjia: A Case Study of Jiangkou Fishing Village, Gaoyao District, Zhaoqing City Hong Zhang1, a, Yingying Guan1, Shiyi Liang1, Xiaoyou Mo1, Ying Lin1 1College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Guangdong, China a402586869@QQ.com Abstract: In the context of the comprehensive rural revitalization strategy, the country house has become a major driving force for the development of the rural economy, but in recent years, the problem of homogenization of country houses has become more and more serious, which has greatly affected the development of the rural economy. This paper summarizes the key points of the architectural design of Danjia cultural homestay, hoping to provide reference for the architectural design of rural homestays. Keywords: Danjia culture, country house, architectural design. 1. Introduction General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during his inspection in Fujian: "The full implementation of the rural revitalization strategy should allow farmers to make more obvious and substantial progress in achieving common prosperity", and to achieve common prosperity, it is necessary to develop the rural economy first, and rural homestays play an increasingly important role in driving local economic growth, protecting and inheriting local culture, improving the level of rural governance, and building rural ecological civilization, and are an important driving force for rural revitalization[1] In the context of the national rural revitalization strategy and the policy of building beautiful villages[2], cracking the "homogenization" of rural B&Bs has become an important research topic [3], this paper takes Gaoyao Jiangkou Village in Zhaoqing as an example to explore how to integrate Danjia culture into the architectural space of rural B&Bs and create an experiential characteristic country house environment[4]. It provides a reference for solving the problem of homogenization of rural houses. 2. The Cultural Characteristics of The Danjia Family in The High and Important Jiangkou In-depth understanding of Danjia culture and excavation of the connotation and characteristics behind it will help to integrate the elements of Danjia culture into the design of B&B architectural space and fully display the regional cultural characteristics. 2.1. Clothing features The clothing of the Tan family has a great relationship with the living habits and behavior of the Tan family, which is the embodiment of the wisdom and aesthetic taste of the Tan family. "Wearing wide trousers on the legs, horseshoe sleeves, and a sea hat with hanging eaves on the head" is a common description of the Danjia family costume. Loose trousers, the trousers are tied with a "chicken intestine belt", and the trousers are on the top of the feet, which is not only convenient for the Tan family to squat down and work and sit on the boat, but also to avoid getting the pants wet when fishing. The materials of the daily clothing of the Tan family are mainly comfortable and durable fabrics such as cotton and linen, the pattern adopts auspicious and festive patterns, the lines are in the form of water waves, and the color is often blue and black, which is very eye-catching from a distance, and has a strong Danjia characteristics. 2.2. Characteristics of residential buildings "Lingwai Takeaway Answer" once described the Tan family as follows: "Take the boat as the room, and regard the water as land." The Tan family lives on the water all year round, and a Tan family boat is a comfortable and comfortable living place for the Tan family. The front board of the Danjia boat is relatively wide and flat, which is mainly used for repairing fishing nets and fishing, and is the working space of the Danjia family. The cabin at the back is the living space of the Tan family. The length of the Danjia boat is mostly 5-6 meters, the width is about 3 meters, the end is sharp, the middle is flat, and there is a bamboo canopy to cover the cabin as a residence. The boats are made from nature, the keel is usually made of gaber and oily wood, and the gaps between the planks are filled with ship ash made from shells. The roof of the Danjia boat is a slightly curved board, which looks like an eggshell floating on the water from a distance, which is the origin of the saying Danjia. A small Danjia boat is not only the sustenance of the material life of the Danjia family, but also has become a part of the emotional sustenance of the Danjia family. 2.3. Spatial characteristics of production culture Gaoyao Jiangkou Village is located next to Century Avenue, Gaoyao South Bank Street, at the intersection of Xijiang River and Xinxing River, adjacent to Yuejiang Bridge in the east, Xunfeng Park in the south, surrounded by mountains and rivers, and blessed with unique natural resources, thus forming a Danjia food culture based on aquatic products, and 29 there are many river fresh restaurants here, which are well- known in all directions, and are a place where foodies gather. There are a series of natural sandy beaches on the riverbank, and on the river are Danjia fishermen who cast nets to fish, and the natural riverbank scenery and characteristic production landscape attract people to stop and stay. Geolocation map Danjia ship Spatial diagram of production culture Spatial diagram of production culture Figure 1. Cultural characteristics of the Danjia family in the Gaoyao Jiangkou in Zhaoqing   3. Design Principles 3.1. Personalized design Personalized design is the soul of a B&B, which can provide visitors with a unique living experience. In the design of the Danjia characteristic cultural homestay in Jiangkou Fishing Village, Gaoyao District, Zhaoqing City, the personalized design should be reflected in the following aspects: (1) Integration of cultural elements: Integrate the unique symbols, patterns and colors of Danjia culture into the design, such as the patterns of Danjia costumes and the shape of fishing boats, so as to show the uniqueness of Danjia culture. (2) Use of materials and textures: Use materials from traditional Danjia architecture, such as boat wood, fishing nets, and bamboo and rattan, to convey regional culture and texture. 3.2. Practicality, beauty, and feature combination The combination of practicality and aesthetics is the key to the design of the homestay. In the design of the Danjia culture homestay in Jiangkou fishing village, it should be considered: (1) Clear division of functional areas: ensure that the functional areas of the building are clear, the environment is good, and meet the needs of modern life. (2) Experiential accommodation features: design and selection are carried out in combination with local ethnic culture, such as Danjia fish steak, to meet tourists' curiosity about local ethnic culture and ethnic characteristics and traditional customs. 3.3. Harmony with the surrounding environment Harmony with the surrounding environment is an important principle in the design of the B&B. In the design of the estuary fishing village, it should: (1) Conform to the environment: The design should conform to the natural environment and the human environment, and make use of the natural and human environment around us to conform to the environment and integrate into one. (2) Ecological balance: protect the environment, promote ecological balance, ensure ecological health and take it as a premise of design. 3.4. Innovation Innovation is an indispensable element in B&B design. In the design of the Danjia Cultural B&B in Jiangkou Fishing Village, innovation can be reflected in: (1) Innovation of design techniques: The prototype of the cultural elements of the Danjia family is transformed by modern technological techniques, such as combining bamboo baskets and bulbs into hanging lamps. (2) Cultural inheritance and innovation: While inheriting the traditional culture of the Tan family, innovative technology, such as holographic projection technology, can be combined to reproduce the image of fishermen' 30 4. Special Design The team introduced the innovative design concept of the boat-shaped house, combined the shape of the traditional residential building Danjia boat in the Gaoyao River Estuary with the homestay, designed the Danjia boathouse with a unique regional culture of the Jiangkou, integrated the Danjia clothing culture and fishing culture into the interior design of the building, reasonably divided the indoor partition, and at the same time created a characteristic landscape in the public space outside the building, creating a strong Danjia cultural experience homestay. 4.1. The evolution and origin of the boat- shaped house Danjia boat, as an important tool of Danjia fishery activities, its appearance design carries the practical needs of fishery production and people's lives, and as people gradually pay attention to the integration and embodiment of characteristic culture in the homestay, the designer will integrate the Danjia boat and the homestay building, people collectively call this building a boat-shaped house, of course, the boat-shaped house does not appear out of thin air, it also has a deep historical origin behind it. The boat-shaped house was the first traditional house of the Li people in Hainan, and the Li compatriots built the house into a boat-shaped house to commemorate the ancestors of the Li people who crossed the sea[5]. This type of house has a thatched roof, grass and mud walls, and resembles an inverted wooden boat, which is called a "boat-shaped house". The appearance of boat-shaped houses on Hainan Island can be traced back to the Song Dynasty, when Fan Chengda recorded the structure of the houses where the Li people lived in the "Guihai Yu Heng Zhi": "The dwelling is double with wood, with self-esteem on the top and self-animal on the bottom." It can be seen that at this time, people have applied the structure of fishing boats to their daily life. After the reform and opening up in the 80s, with the development of the economy, the combination of fishing boats and the concept of homestay has become a unique tourism resource. Fishermen are gradually settling ashore, and the utilization rate of traditional fishing boats is declining. Therefore, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage put forward opinions on strengthening the protection, inheritance and promotion of fishing culture, so an innovative tourism industry came into being, transforming abandoned or idle fishing boats into unique houseboat homestays, which not only reflect the unique fishing culture, but also break the problem of homogenization of homestays, and have been widely promoted by people. For example, Hainan Duyu Lan Danjia Story Houseboat B&B, located in Lingshui Chiling Ronin Bay, has the best niche sea-catching bay and sunset viewing spot near Sanya, and was judged as a "Golden Su" B&B in Hainan Province in 2019 with the unique theme of "Danjia Houseboat". This kind of sea homestay with a unique accommodation experience also continues to attract tourists from other places. According to Meituan data, after the National Day in 2024, the growth rate of instant retail orders in Lingshui County will still increase by 21.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate of transaction volume will increase by 26.5% year-on-year. Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the houseboat structure 4.2. Interior structure layout As a traditional form of living for the Danjia family, a water resident, the Danjia houseboat has a structure that cleverly adapts to the actual needs of water life. With the rise of homestay tourism, the team plans to design a Danjia boathouse with local characteristics based on the Jiangkou Danjia boat to provide tourists with a unique accommodation experience. Danjia Houseboat B&B retains the basic structure of a traditional houseboat, while optimizing it in combination with modern living needs. The entrance to the houseboat is set at the front of the houseboat, and the door frame at the entrance is shaped like an upside-down tip of the boat. The deck area of the Danjia boat is retained, facing the water feature, and the deck area with a wide view is the best space for customers to enjoy the river view and leisure activities. The bedrooms are located in the middle and rear of the houseboat to ensure privacy and quiet, and the sleeping areas have been designed with the hull structure in mind, with high and low beds or loft layouts to make the most of the space. At 31 the same time, a skylight is set up above the houseboat, which can catch the sun during the day and stargazing at night, providing tourists with a unique natural accommodation experience (Attached Figure 2). Hanging cultural tools such as robes, fishing nets and fish pots in the interior of the Danjia houseboat transforms the necessities of fishing for the Danjia people in the estuary into an important part of the interior decoration of the houseboat. With concise and powerful lines, they outline the production and life scenes of the Danjia people in Jiangkou who are closely connected with the water, reflecting the strong cultural color of the Danjia fishery. In addition to the integration of production cultural tools, elements of Danjia costumes were also used as the interior decoration of the houseboat. For example, the Danjia hat, this towering barrel-type bamboo hat, is a must-have for the daily life of the Tan family, the hat is often decorated with colored rubber silk and shell beads, beautiful and generous, entrusting the Tan family yearning for a better life, the integration of these Danjia cultural elements, directly created a unique living experience, to create a deep memory of the homestay. In the indoor space of the B&B, it is often the creation of lighting that brings great visual effects, and you can deeply feel the fishing culture and lifestyle of the Danjia family. The lighting is designed in the form of a lighthouse or fishing fire on the sea and placed in the interior of the homestay, and at the same time, the dim and soft light is used to add a touch of cultural charm to the space and create a warm and comfortable atmosphere. Not only indoors, but also applied lighting to the exterior decoration of the houseboat, arranging antique lanterns or fishing lights on the deck railing of the houseboat, and installing light strips on the outer outline of the houseboat, which not only illuminates the surrounding environment of the houseboat, but also shows the shape and outline of the houseboat at night, adding a strong fisherman's style to Eguchi Village. It makes visitors feel as if they are in a quiet fishing port at night, and feel the gentleness and tranquility from the ancient times. 4.3. Creation of public space atmosphere The creation of the B&B building space is not only about the building itself, but also about the surrounding environment, and the creation of the surrounding space atmosphere will greatly affect the experience and feelings of tourists on the B&B itself. The Danjia B&B in Jiangkou Village is mostly located in the scenic waterfront area, and the unique natural landscape resources attract people to stop and stay, but the only natural scenery cannot bring tourists a profound experience, and the existing natural landscape is used to increase the interaction between tourists and natural elements by creating scenic plank roads, water platforms, and golden beach characteristic attractions, and introduce natural elements into indoor and outdoor spaces, so that tourists can feel the charm of nature while enjoying the homestay services[6]. The viewing plank road is set up between the Jiangkou B&B and the riverbank, and the plank road extends outward to the four main levels of experience space of commercial streets, viewing platforms, beach vegetation and Xijiang waterscape (Fig.3) Figure 3. Spatial hierarchy of the periphery of the plank road Of course, the construction of the surrounding public space should be on the premise of not destroying the original ecology, and the design concept of the B&B and the surrounding public space located in the riverside area should fully respect the original ecological environment, give full play to the advantages of the natural landscape, closely combine the characteristics of geological and landforms, and integrate with the beautiful natural environment [7]. (1) In view of the fact that there are many aborigines along the river and all of them are renovated from the original houses, the team proposed to develop a "roof economy", using the rooftop space and adding houseboat decoration elements (Figure 4) to provide tourists with a comfortable and good view of the new space without compressing the living space of the aborigines. (2) In the area of Jiangkou's golden beach, there are more native characteristic tree species growing here. Therefore, the design retains native plants to the greatest extent, divides dense forests, sparse forests and lawn areas, and uses them to create wild and interesting farmhouse activities, which can be used for tourists to explore secret places, talk in the shade, outdoor picnics and other activities, so that tourists can get closer to nature. (3) This development respects and retains the production and activity space of the original shore Tan people, and at the same time sets up a docking dock for fishing boats, where visitors can go out by boat to experience fishing activities under the guidance of villagers during the day, and light up 32 the stars and fishing lanterns at night to sail into the river, and tourists can experience the unique romance of "Jiangfeng Fishing Fire". (Figure 5) In this way, not only will the production activities of the people in Jiangkou not be disrupted, but it will also bring them economic income. Figure 4. Rooftop houseboat layout Figure 5. Illustration of activities in natural areas 5. Summary In view of the problem of homogenization of architectural B&Bs, this paper selects Gaoyao Jiangkou Village, which has a prominent regional culture, as a demonstration, starting from the shape, interior decoration and spatial atmosphere of the surrounding environment of the B&B building, integrating the strong local Danjia culture, and designing the B&B in Jiangkou, hoping to provide reference value for the future B&B design. (This article is one of the national innovation project 202310580012 achievements, won the Ministry of Education project background of new engineering landscape teachers BIM teaching and practice research 231007635315330, landscape teachers BIM teaching and practice research 230706151245304, based on the innovation ability of garden art principle course teaching reform and practice research zlgc202211, Zhaoqing college-ding pit mouth with rural revitalization as a platform for college students practice teaching base (154) support.) 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