Academic Journal of Science and Technology 
ISSN: 2771-3032 | Vol. 4, No. 1, 2022 

 

13 

Study	on	Migration	Law	of	Solid	Particles	on	Sieve	
Surface	of	Solid‐liquid	Separator	
Yun Huang, Bin Yang, Shihao Wu, Liuzhou Yi, Bohan Liu, Siyu Hua	

School of mechanical engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China 

 

Abstract: Based on the discrete element method and the three-dimensional discrete element analysis software EDEM, simplify 
the tube net type solid liquid separator model, to explore the net type solid liquid separator inside the cylindrical screen opaque 
screen the migration law of solid phase particles and different vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, vibration direction Angle, 
diameter of sieve sieve speed and sieve cylinder is opaque screen the influence of solid phase particles migration rule, In order 
to provide reference for the selection of structural parameters and vibration parameters of solid-liquid separator in field 
application. The results show that the motion trajectory of solid particles on the screen is a three-dimensional spiral curve. The 
larger the vibration frequency and amplitude of the screen box, the higher the particle migration speed. The larger the vibration 
direction Angle, diameter and speed of sieve box, the smaller the particle migration speed. The research results can be used for 
reference in the selection of structural parameters and motor vibration parameters that affect the comprehensive performance of 
the cylinder net solid-liquid separator. 

Keywords: Discrete element method, Solid-liquid separator, Solid phase particles, Vibration parameters, Solid phase transport 
velocity. 

 

1. Introduction 
Modern drilling fluid solid control system is mainly 

composed of drilling shaker, degassing device, demud device, 
sand device, etc., its role is used to remove the harmful solid 
phase in drilling fluid, retain useful solid phase. As the first 
solid control equipment of the solid control system, the main 
function of the drilling shaker is to remove a large number of 
large particles of cuttings in the drilling fluid [1]. In order to 
handle different drilling fluid conditions, the variety of 
drilling shakers has been gradually increased. Zhang 
Minghong et al. [2] designed a composite drum-type screen 
structure for drilling fluid. The screen is made of ordinary flat 
screen or corrugated conical screen rolled into a tubular 
structure and can be installed on the existing drilling shaker. 
When the screen cylinder and screen box vibration together, 
but also around its axis for slow rotation transport; Trond et 
al. [3] applied the vacuum filtration system to solid-liquid 
separation of drilling fluid. Hou Yongjun et al. [4] designed a 
negative pressure drilling fluid vibrating screen, which used 
the vacuum system under the screen surface to generate 
negative pressure and improve the solid-liquid separation 
efficiency. 

During the work of drilling shaker, the migration law of 
solid particles on the screen surface has a direct impact on the 
working performance and processing capacity of the shaker. 
Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of theoretical 
research, numerical simulation calculation and test 
verification on the operation law of solid phase particles on 
drilling shaker. Zhu Weibing [5] established a theoretical 
model of solid particle transport on the screen surface of a 
biaxial inertial vibrating screen. Hou Yongjun [6] studied a 
kind of vibrating screen with tubular mesh structure and 
established a theoretical model of solid phase particle 
migration. Zhou Sizhu et al. [7] simulated the migration 
process of solid particles on the surface of linear screen by 
combining the three-dimensional discrete element analysis 
software EDEM. Under stable working conditions, the 

migration velocity of particles tends to a stable value, and the 
smaller the particle size, the smaller the migration velocity. 
Yang Qianqian et al. [8] studied a new vibrating screen 
combined with a negative pressure system, and established a 
mathematical model of the processing capacity and treatment 
effect of the solid-liquid separator. Zhao et al. [9] used the 
discrete element method to conduct a mathematical study on 
the particle flow on the banana sieve plate. Nozali T et al. [10] 
established a dynamic model of particles in solid-liquid two-
phase flow based on the solid-liquid separator of cone drum 
rotation type, and carried out visual experiments. They found 
that the drum length, taper Angle, drum speed and particle 
diameter all affected the migration velocity and migration 
trajectory of particles. Hou et al. [11] studied the migration 
law of solid particles on the negative pressure drilling fluid 
vibrating screen, and analyzed the influence of the negative 
pressure system on the structural parameters of the vibrating 
screen. They found that the transport speed of solid particles 
by the negative pressure vibrating screen was slower than that 
of the traditional vibrating screen, which was more conducive 
to liquid-solid separation. 

In view of this, the above article mainly studies the solid 
phase particle migration law of the screen surface of the 
vibrating screen for the plane screen, and the particle 
migration law of the drum screen vibrating screen is less 
mentioned. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the migration 
law of solid particles on sieve surface of cylinder-mesh solid-
liquid separator, establishes the migration velocity model of 
solid particles in sieve cylinder, and analyzes the influence of 
different vibration parameters on the migration velocity of 
solid particles on sieve screen of cylinder-mesh solid-liquid 
separator. 



 

14 

2. The Theoretical Model of Solid 
Phase Particle Transport Velocity of 
Impenetrable Sieve Was Established 

2.1. Brief introduction of cylinder net solid 
liquid separator 

The solid liquid separator is mainly composed of a shaker, 
a synchronous motor, a screen box, a screen cylinder and a 
spring bracket.  This is shown in Figure 1.The working 
principle is that the vibrating surface of the roller type screen 
and screen box is vertically installed in the screen box, and 
the two vibrators rotate in reverse and synchronously to make 
the overall trajectory of the screen box translational ellipse. 

 

 
Figure 1. Structure of solid-liquid separator. 1 Vibration 

motor, 2 Box, 3 Damping spring, 
4 Screen cylinder, 5 Pulley. 

 

2.2. Solid liquid separator screen surface 
movement track 

 
Figure 2. Simplified sieve box model of solid liquid 

separator. 
 

Ignoring the influence of damping, the dynamic equation 
of screen box motion is established as follows: 

 

   
   
     

2
1 2 1 1 2 2

2
1 1 1 2 2

2 2
1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 2

2

1 2 4

cos

sin

sin cosJ

M m m m r m r t

m m m r m r t

m rl m r l t m rl m r l t

x

M y

J J

 
 
   

   


   

  





  






(1) 

	
Then the steady-state response of the solid-liquid separator 

box is: 

 

     

1 2

sin

cos sin

cosx

y

t

t

t

x A

y A

A A t 



 


 
  

    (2)	

2

1
1 2

1 1 2 2

1 2 3

1 1 2

1 3

1 1 1 2 2 2

1 1 3 2
1

1 2

2 4

x

y

m

A
m r m r

m m m

m r m r

m m m

m rl r l

m rl m r l

A

A
J J J

A
J J J





 






 
  

 




 

 


 







          (3) 

	
Based on the above formula, it can be concluded as follows: 

 
2

2

cos

sin
x

y

x A t

y A t

 
 

  
  




             (4) 

	
In the equation, M -the total mass of mud to be treated in 

the screen box and the screen cylinder, Kg; m1- the mass of 
the large shaker eccentric block, Kg; m2- the mass of small 
shaker eccentric block, Kg; r1- the eccentricity of the large 
shaker eccentric block, m; r2- the eccentricity of small shaker 
eccentric block, m; ω- the speed of the excitation motor, rad/s; 
J,J1,J2-respectively represents the moment of inertia of screen 
box, large eccentric block, small eccentric block relative to 
the center of mass, Kg•m2A; x  , y  -the acceleration of the 

center of mass of the sieve box along the x and y directions, 
respectively, m/s2; x , y - the velocity of the center of mass of 

the screen box along the x and y directions, m/s;   -the 
angular acceleration of the screen box rotating around the 

center of mass, rad/s2;  -the angular velocity of the screen 
box rotating around the center of mass, rad/s; l1,12- the 
distance between the shaker rotation center and the y-axis, m; 
l3,l4- the distance between the shaker rotation center and the 
x-axis, m; 

2.3. The transport velocity model of solid 
particles in sieve tube was established 

Solid liquid separator at run time, the mud from the sieve 
tube into the mouth, the liquid phase gradually through sieve, 
solid phase carry forward gradually, has experienced from the 
submerged condition of solid phased particles to transition 
state and the submerged condition three phases, solid particles 
in the solid-liquid separation process always has interaction 
with liquid, solid phase particles has been in the condition of 
wet particles. The interaction between solid particles and 
liquid in the inundation and transition phases is complex and 
will not be studied here. In this paper, the migration law of 
solid particles in impenetrable sieve under non-submerged 
condition is studied. 

 



 

15 

 
Figure 3. The force of solid particles on the screen 

cylinder 
 

In actual working conditions, the shape of solid particles in 
the screen cylinder is random. When analyzing the stress of 
solid particles in the screen cylinder, the shape of particles is 
simplified to spherical equivalent particles for analysis [1]. 
Take part of the cylindrical screen as the research object, the 
establishment of the submerged condition of cylindrical 
screen of the cylindrical coordinates, as shown in Figure 3, 
the particles will be influenced by gravity, inertia, screen 
upward force, friction force, residual mud the cohesive force 
of the direction where the radius of the cylindrical screen r, z 
axis direction of cylindrical screen, the tangent direction of 
cylindrical screen, decomposition and composition of the 
particles in these three directions are: 

 

 

 
 
 

2

     
      
 



   







    


f

r r r r z

z z zfz

F F G m a

R G m a r r N

F G m a

F

zF

 (5)	

	
In the equation, r zF ,F ,F - the radial, axial and tangential 

components of the resultant force on the particle, N; 

r zG ,G ,G -the radial, axial and tangential forces of gravity 

on the particle, N; r za ,a ,a -the radial, axial and tangential 

components of the screen cylinder acceleration, m/s; N -the 
supporting force of the screen on particles, N; r- the radius of 
screen cylinder, m; R-the component force of the bonding 
force between particles along the radius direction, N[8];

r, z,      - the acceleration components of the particle 

along the radial, axial and tangential directions respectively.;

z  – the Screen cylinder angular velocity, rad/s. 

 

 0

2
   
 
    s

r m sR
d

cos cosd     (6)	

	
In the equation, 0 - the dynamic shear stress of mud, N/m; 

m - the surface tension of mud, N/m.  - screen barrel 

inclination Angle, rad;  -the position of particles in the 

screen, rad; sd  - the diameter of two adjacent bonding 

particles, m. 

Solid liquid separator in the process of operation, the solid 
phase particles on the surface of the screen are relatively static, 
relative sliding, throwing movement three movement forms, 
studies have shown that throwing motion is cylindrical screen 
within the solid state of ideal gas migration, in throwing 
motion not only has faster conveyance speed of solid phased 
particles and particles increased drilling fluid during cast to 
sieve sieve area [6].  

According to Newton's second law, at the moment of 
throwing motion between particles and screen, the radial 
relative acceleration between particles and screen surface is 

r 0  , the supporting force of screen on particles isN=0, 
and the force of particles on screen is Fr =0. Then the 
equilibrium equation of particles in radial direction is as 
follows: 

 

  2 0   r r zR G m a rN       (7)	

	
The throwing exponent is an index to measure the throwing 

motion of solid particles. The throwing exponent in the 
process of throwing motion reflects the throwing exponent 
and the ability of solid particles to have throwing motion. The 
value of the throwing index D( )  is the ratio of the radial 

component of the vibration acceleration value of the particle, 
the radial component of the gravity acceleration and the 
centrifugal acceleration, that is, the ratio of the driving force 
and the resistance of the particle on the screen surface. 

The particle throwing index D( )  at position  on the 

screen is [6] : 

 

 

2

2

sin cos
( )

c c

si

os os

n


 
   


  z

y

m

A t
D

R g r
      (8) 

	

Among them: 

 

 m

R
R

m
                (9) 

	
For solid particles to undergo throwing motion, the 

throwing index must meet the following conditions: 

 

 1( ) D            (10) 

	
Therefore, the range of throwing motion of particles in the 

sieve cylinder is as follows: 

 

 0 0                  (11) 

 



 

16 

In the equation:  

 

  
2

0 2
arccos

sin cos




 


  
m zR r

g
    (12) 

	
The average migration rate of particles on the whole 

screen is: 

 

  0

0
0

1

2
v v d




 

 
           (19)	

	
Among them: 

 
     2

2 1 2 1 2 1 12

1

2 2 xg sin A cos sin sin cos
          
 
          

  (20)	

	
In	the	above	equation,	 

1
	 ‐the	initial	phase	Angle	of	

the	projectile	motion，rad;	 
2
	 ‐	the	phase	Angle	of	the	

end	of	the	projectile	motion,	rad.	

3. Establishment of Discrete Element 
Method and EDEM model 

EDEM is a multipurpose modeling software, the discrete 
element method is often used in the industrial production in 
grain processing and manufacturing equipment of the 
production process of the simulation and analysis, the user 
can use EDEM quickly and easily create particles 
parameterized model of entity, thus acquiring the trajectories 
of particles in mechanical equipment, migration velocity, 
particle force data such as [12]. The combination of discrete 
element method (DEM) and EDEM software can accurately 
reflect the motion state of the solid particles in the sieve 
cylinder of the solid-liquid separator, and reproduce the 
motion law of the sieve particles on the sieve surface. 

The simplified sieve tube model is shown in Figure 4. Due 
to the limitation of computer capacity, the size of the sieve 
tube is reduced to 1/4 of the conventional size, and the 
diameter of the sieve tube remains unchanged. As the main 
research object of this paper is the migration law of sieve 
particles, the sieve tube model will not be opened. When the 
mesh number is 25 mesh, the particle size parameter of the 
impenetrable screen is taken as the size parameter of the 
simulation particle. 

3.1. Selection of particle contact model 
In EDEM software, the Hertz-Mindlin and Hertz-Mindlin 

with JKR Cohesion models are suitable for particle contact in 
the sieve cylinder. The Hertz-Mindlin contact model is mainly 
used to study the contact between particles without bonding 
effect. Hertz-mindlin with JKR Cohesion was established 
based on the JKR theory, which mainly considered the effect 
of Cohesion between wet particles on particle motion based 
on Hertz theory. The actual working area of the drum screen 
is only in the lower part of the screen cylinder, and the contact 
probability between wet particles is large, so the bonding 
between particles should be considered. JKR model was 
selected as the contact model between particles. The 
interaction force between particles in the JKR model can be 
obtained according to the empirical formula (21) [13]. 

 

 
1

3
 F d             (21) 

	

Among them: 

 

 
1 2

1 1 1
 

d d d
             (22) 

	
In the equation, F -the interaction force between particles,N; 

 - the density of particles,rad; d - the equivalent diameter of 

the bonded particles,m ; d1,d2 - the diameters of the two 
bonded particles, m. 

3.2. Particle parameter Settings 
The types of drilling fluids are mainly divided into oil-

based and water-based drilling fluids, and water-based 
drilling fluids are selected as the treatment object carrier. The 
particle shape is simplified as ball type, and the particle 
diameter is selected from the 25 mesh screen. The diameter 
size of the impermeable sieve particles is 0.8mm~2.0mm. 
Specific dimensions are shown in Table 1: 

 

Table 1. Grain size comparison table 

Numble 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
Particle 
diameter 

/mm 
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

 
The number of particles and the generation rate are shown 

in Table 2: 
 

Table 2. Generate particle parameter table 
Numble 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Number of particles 200 400 500 600 500 400 200 
Generation rate(s-1) 40 80 100 120 100 80 50 
Initial velocity(m/s) 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 

 
 
After studying the basic properties of particles in drilling 

fluid and referring to the particle parameter recommendation 
in the Open GEMM Wizard particle library in EDEM 
software, the accumulation Angle of particles was input [14]. 

The material parameters of particles and screen screen 
selected were shown in Table 3, and the contact parameters 
between particles and particles and between particles and 
materials were shown in Table 4. 

 



 

17 

Table 3. Material parameters 
Parameter Solid phase 

particles 
Screen box 

and screen mesh
Poisson's ratio 0.2 0.3 

Density(Kg/m3) 2600 7800 
Shear 

modulus(Pa) 
5e+07 7e+10 

 
Table 4. Contact parameters 

Parameter Particle - 
Particle 

Particle - 
Screen mesh 

Coefficient of 
restitution 

0.003 0.4 

Coefficient of 
rolling friction 

0.4 0.5 

Coefficient of 
static friction 

0.15 0.01 

 
 
 
The particle factory in the EDEM model is set at the feed 

inlet of the screen cylinder as shown in FIG. 4. In order to 
simulate the real operating conditions, the shape of the 
particle factory is set as a 12-sided type (approximately a 
circle) with a diameter of 120mm, and the initial velocity of 
the particle is set as 0.1m /s, with the direction along the 
gravity direction.  

 

 
Figure 4. The model of cylindrical screen 

3.3. Case Verification 
The post-processing function of EDEM software was used 

to calculate the velocity change trend chart of solid phase 
particles in the stable process from generation to migration, 
as shown in Figure 5. 

 

 
Figure 5. Transport velocity of solid particles on screen 

surface 

 

The broken lines in the figure represent the changes of the 
actual migration velocity of dry solid particles on the screen 
surface. It can be seen from the figure that the migration 
velocity of particles on the screen surface gradually tends to 
a stable value, that is, 0.0826m/s, with time. It was compared 
with the measured and calculated values of the solid phase 

particle migration velocity on the screen surface of the drum 
solid-liquid separator with the same parameters [6]. The 
results showed that the theoretical, measured and EDEM 
simulation values of the migration velocity were 0.0891m/s, 
0.071 m/s and 0.0826 m/s, respectively. The errors of 
theoretical values and EDEM simulation values are 25% and 
16%, respectively. 

According to the analysis, the simulation error value of 
EDEM is smaller than the theoretical error value, and the 
error sources are mainly the following factors: 

(1) In the theoretical calculation of particle velocity, only 
the force and operation of a single particle are considered, and 
the energy loss caused by the collision between particles is 
ignored, resulting in a large calculation result. 

(2) In the theoretical study, the influence of the roughness 
of the screen on particle migration is not considered, so that 
the theoretical calculation results are too large. 

4. Simulation of Particle Migration 
Trajectory  

4.1. Analysis of solid particle migration process 
in sieve tube 

EDEM software was used to simulate the migration 
trajectory of particles. The simulation results of particle 
trajectory are shown in Figure 6: 

 
 (a).t=0.3s 

 
(c).t=2.0s 

 
(b).t=0.7s 

 
(d).t=2.6s 

 
(e).t=3.0s 

Figure 6. Particle transport process on the screen surface 



 

18 

In Figure 6 a, t=0.3s, particles with axial initial velocity fall 
from the particle factory to the screen, and some particles 
have been thrown along with the screen cylinder. 

In Figure 6 b, t=0.7s, the solid particles falling off the 
screen begin to be transported forward with the vibration of 
the screen cylinder. It can be seen from the figure that at this 
moment, the particle group is in the state of upcasting and the 
particles are relatively dispersed. 

In Figure 6 c, t=2.0s, the particles on the screen are thrown 
up with the sieve cylinder, and the particles are spread all over 
the sieve cylinder. The particles that initially flow into the 
sieve cylinder have been thrown out from the outlet of the 
sieve cylinder. Some of the larger particles are thrown higher 
and fall back after colliding with the upper part of the sieve 
cylinder. Therefore, compared with the traditional plane 
screen, the advantages of drum screen are reflected. 

In Figure 6 d, t=2.6s, the particles on the screen surface fall 
down with the screen, and most of the particles gather at the 
bottom of the screen cylinder. 

In Figure 6 e, t=3.0s, the screen moves upward. Compared 
with  Figure 6 c, the particle distribution is more uniform, 
and the particle migration is gradually in a stable state. 

4.2. Trajectories of particles on the screen 
surface 

 
(a). The trajectory of a particle in the x-y plane 

 

 
(b). The trajectory of a particle in the x-z plane 

Figure 7. Particle transport track 
 

From the Figure 7, it can be seen that the solid rock debris 
particles in drilling fluid make translational elliptic vibration 
(associated motion) with the sieve box, and rotate with 
constant axis (relative motion) around the axis of the sieve 
box. Under the action of related motion and relative motion, 
the solid rock particles move in a three-dimensional spiral 
curve (absolute motion). Under the dual action of throwing 
and centrifugation, it not only increases the processing 
capacity of drilling fluid, but also promotes the efficient 
separation of solid and liquid. 

5. Simulation Analysis of Influencing 
Factors of Particle Migration Law 

The processing capacity and treatment effect of the solid-
liquid separator are the main indexes to evaluate its 
performance, which are mainly related to the solid phase 
transport speed and the sifting flow rate [8]. The main factors 

affecting the transport speed of solid particles are vibration 
frequency, amplitude, vibration direction Angle, screen speed 
and screen diameter. Control variable method is used to 
explore the influence of each parameter on the transport 
velocity of solid particles. The basic parameters are: vibration 
frequency 47Hz, amplitude: 2.32mm, vibration direction 
Angle: 45°, screen tube diameter 220mm, screen tube axial 
length: 500mm, screen tube speed: 20rpm, screen tube 
inclination: 0°. 

 
a. Effect of excitation frequency on axial migration rate 

 

 
b. Effect of vibration amplitude on axial migration rate 

 

 
c.  Effect of vibration direction Angle on axial migration 

rate 
 

 
d. Effect of sieve cylinder speed on axial migration rate 

 

 
e. Effect of sieve tube diameter on axial migration rate 

 
Figure 7. Plot of influence of each factor on particle axial 

migration rate 



 

19 

Can be seen from the above, the vibration frequency and 
vibration amplitude of screen box is proportional to the 
particle axial transport speed, increase the screen box can 
improve the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude 
conveyance speed of solid phased particles so as to improve 
the processing efficiency of solid liquid separator, but high 
particle migration velocity can reduce sludge retention time 
on screen, lead to after processing of solid phase fluid rate is 
too high and run slurry occur. 

The vibration direction Angle of the screen box, the 
diameter of the screen box and the speed of the screen box are 
inversely proportional to the migration speed of the particles. 
Increasing the vibration direction Angle of the screen box, the 
diameter of the screen box, and the speed of the screen box 
will reduce the migration speed of particles, and the solid 
particles in the screen box will accumulate and block the 
screen, thus reducing the processing efficiency of the solid-
liquid separator. Therefore, the parameters of the solid-liquid 
separator should be selected according to the type of mud to 
be processed, the volume fraction of solid phase and the mud 
flow. 

6. Conclusion 
Through the above research and analysis, the following 

conclusions are drawn: 
(1) Based on the theoretical mechanics and kinematics, the 

kinematic equation of the sieve box and the mathematical 
model of the transport velocity of the solid particles in the 
sieve box were established 

(3) The migration law of solid phase particles in the sieve 
tube of the translational elliptical vibration cylinder type 
solid-liquid separator was explored. The migration speed of 
particles on the sieve surface was taken as the index, and the 
influencing factors of the migration speed of particles in the 
sieve were explored by simulation. 

(2) The results show that the motion trajectory of the solid 
particles on the screen of the cylinder-mesh solid-liquid 
separator is a three-dimensional helical curve, and the solid 
particles rotate around the axis of the sieve cylinder while 
making translational elliptic vibration with the sieve box. 
After the solid-liquid separator runs stably, the particle 
migration speed gradually approaches a stable value. The 
vibration frequency, amplitude, vibration direction Angle, 
diameter and speed of the sieve box all have an impact on the 
particle migration speed. The larger the vibration frequency 
and amplitude of the sieve box, the larger the particle 
migration speed. The larger the vibration direction Angle, 
diameter and speed of sieve box, the smaller the particle 
migration speed. The results can be used as a reference for the 
selection of parameters for the field use of the cylinder net 

solid-liquid separator. 

References 
[1] M.H. Zhang, R. Deng, Q. Xu: Working Theory and Testing 

Technology of Drilling shaker. (Petroleum Industry Press, 
2013), p. 45-65. 

[2] M.H. Zhang, J. Du, Y.J. Hou, et al. Drilling fluid composite 
cylinder screen structure. CN2558912, 2001. 09. 19. 

[3] Melhus T ,  Mowrey C ,  Vasshus J K , et al. Intelligent, 
Automated Shale Conveyance: Rotary Screen Vacuum 
Assisted Gas and Solids Separation System for Drilling Fluids. 
(2010 AADE National Technical Conference & Exhibition, 
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