Academic Journal of Science and Technology 
ISSN: 2771-3032 | Vol. 1, No. 3, 2022 

 

53 

Key	Points	for	Construction	Quality	Control	of	Steel	Bar	
Concrete	Structure	
Hongbo Liu1, * 

1Lhasa Design Group Limited, Lhasa, Tibet, 850000, China 
*Corresponding author: Hongbo Liu(Email: 474174939@qq.com) 

 

Abstract: In view of the good effect of steel bars in improving the elastic-plastic and flexural properties of concrete structures, 
combined with the good compressive strength of concrete, steel bars in the traditional reinforced concrete column and shear wall 
structures can greatly improve the performance of the main stress-bearing structures of super high-rise buildings. In order to 
clarify the key points of construction quality control of steel bar concrete structure, the control points are analyzed by theoretical 
analysis method combined with an engineering example. The results show that it is feasible to replace the traditional solid web 
section steel with the scattered steel bars to solve the difficult problem of the layout of the stirrups and longitudinal bars of the 
solid web section steel reinforced concrete column, and the ear plate connection of the steel bars is feasible; BIM Technology 
can realize the accurate positioning of steel bars and greatly improve the construction quality of steel bar concrete structures; 
During the construction process, it is very important to strictly control the verticality of steel bars, the spacing between steel bars, 
the spacing between steel bars, the distance from the outside of steel bars to the reinforcement at the column edge, and strictly 
control the quality of formwork installation and concrete pouring to ensure the quality of steel bar concrete structure.. 

Keywords: Steel bar concrete structure, Construction quality, BIM Technology, Ear plate connection, Theoretical analysis. 
 

1. Introduction 
In the field of architecture, reinforced concrete structure is 

one of the most important building structures, which is widely 
used in various types of buildings [1,2]. With the emergence 
of super high-rise buildings, the application of high-strength 
structural members is more and more extensive. As a good 
member to improve the elastic-plastic and flexural properties 
of structures, the combination of steel bars and reinforced 
concrete, and steel bars and other steel structures is more and 
more widely used. 

Adding steel bars to the main structure of the project can 
effectively improve the stability of the structure, which 
provides a new idea for structural construction [3]. The steel 
bar can be connected in advance and then hoisted, which 
shortens the construction period to a certain extent and 
reduces the difficulty of structural construction; The 
application of component steel bars is reduced, the purpose of 
energy saving and efficiency increasing can be achieved, and 
the quality of concrete structure can be effectively improved. 

In view of the good effect of steel bars in improving the 
elastic-plastic and flexural properties of concrete structures, 
combined with the good compressive strength of concrete [4], 
steel bars in the traditional reinforced concrete column and 
shear wall structures can greatly improve the performance of 
the main stress-bearing structures of super high-rise buildings. 
Obviously, the construction quality of steel bar concrete 
structure will greatly affect its bearing performance. In order 
to provide reference for similar projects, this paper defines the 
key points of construction quality control of steel bar concrete 
structure combined with a certain project. 

2. Project Overview 
The project is located in Guiyang city. It is a project of 5 

super high-rise buildings with a maximum height of more 
than 350m. The building structure is a core tube structure in 

the outer frame. The lower part of the outer frame column is 
about 2/3 high, and the rest is reinforced concrete columns. 

In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to arrange 
the stirrups and longitudinal bars of the solid web steel 
reinforced concrete column, the steel bars distributed in the 
concrete core area are used to replace the traditional solid web 
steel, and the replacement principle is that the steel content of 
the steel bone is the same. The checking calculation shows 
that the distributed steel rod concrete column can reduce the 
axial compression ratio, improve the working conditions of 
compression members, reduce the section size of the column 
and increase the building area. There is basically no 
construction experience for reference in the construction of 
decentralized steel rod concrete columns in this project. The 
project has formed a complete set of construction technology 
after a lot of exploration, which has the advantages of fast 
construction speed, good construction quality and low 
construction cost. 

3. Quality Control 
Through the on-site construction, the steel bar quality is 

systematically analyzed from the steel bar quantity, assembly, 
hoisting and construction technology. 

3.1. Introduction to Steel Bar Connection 
The mechanical connection modes of large steel members 

in the project mainly include ear plate connection, threading 
connection, flange connection and integral clamp connection. 
Considering that the main purpose of the project is to solve 
the difficult problem of the layout of the stirrups and 
longitudinal bars of the solid web steel reinforced concrete 
column. Considering that other connection methods except 
ear plate connection have the problems of large space 
occupation or difficult construction operation. Therefore, the 
ear plate connection method shown in Figure 1 is mainly 
adopted for the steel bars of the project. 
 



 

54 

 
Figure 1. Steel bar ear plate connection 

3.2. Research on Steel Bar Quality Control in 
Construction Preparation Stage 

The first step of steel bar concrete structure construction is 
material selection. The quality of raw materials directly 
determines whether the subsequent project construction is 
smooth, and also determines the final project quality, which 
is the basic guarantee for the construction quality of the whole 
steel bar concrete structure. 

In the factory, the steel bar quality shall be tested first, and 
then processed and manufactured. The length of a single steel 
bar is 9m. To ensure the butt joint quality of steel bars, the 
upper and lower parts shall be polished. During the processing 
of steel bars, hoops are welded on steel bars to enhance the 
combined connection between steel bars and concrete. Steel 
bar mobilization and stacking: place the bottom steel bar on 
the channel steel. Steel bars shall be stacked with batten for 
isolation, and the height of batten shall be greater than the 
height of ear plate at connection node. The spacing between 
channel steel and timber is 2m. To ensure safety, the 
maximum stacking layer is 9. The components stacked on the 
ground shall be comprehensively inspected and can be 
partially fixed to prevent overturning. Flatness inspection: 
after mobilization, use a right angle steel ruler to inspect the 
flatness of two surfaces of the steel bar. 

3.3. BIM Assisted Accurate Positioning 
Analysis 

BIM models in structural field can be divided into user 
model, design model, analysis model, construction drawing 
model, detailed design model and refined analysis model 
according to the evolution process of structural model. 
Among them, the deepening design model refers to the 
reinforced concrete structure model after the deepening 
design, which is the virtual simulation model of the real world 
building structure. The refined analysis model refers to the 
reinforced concrete structure model based on the real 
geometric information of components and reinforcement. 
Based on the detailed design node model, strict construction 
control measures can be formulated to effectively solve the 
technical problems in the construction of steel bar concrete 
structures, such as the conflict between the position of steel 
bars and steel bars, the denseness of steel bars, the difficulty 
in ensuring the construction quality, and the inability of 
concrete pouring. In order to preview the construction process, 
achieve accurate positioning, optimize the construction 
process, facilitate the visual disclosure on site, ensure the 
reasonable position of steel bars and reinforcement, and 
ensure the smooth pouring of concrete, the project uses Revit 
software to accurately model the joints of steel bar concrete 

columns before the hoisting of reinforcement, as shown in 
Figure 2, Use the surveying and mapping instrument to locate 
the accurate position of the formwork and steel bar in the steel 
bar concrete column according to the positioning coordinate 
diagram. 

 
Figure 2. BIM deepening design model 

3.4. Steel Bar Hoisting and Installation 
Two tower cranes are arranged on site for steel bar hoisting. 

Installation of steel bars on the first floor: set out the 
coordinate points of each steel bar column foundation slab 
according to the coordinate control points. The coordinate 
point is projected onto the supporting stirrup of the bottom 
plate to position and install the first section of steel column. 
The elevation and verticality shall be calibrated after the 
positioning of the first steel column. After calibration, 
recheck the positioning of steel column axis through the 
three-level control network. 

Installation of steel operation platform: assist site personnel 
to carry out construction, improve the accurate installation 
and positioning of steel bars and construction efficiency, and 
determine the size of the platform according to the size of 
steel bar concrete column and the installation height of steel 
bars. Fabrication: the overall design of the structure is carried 
out considering the construction load and the weight of two 
steel bars. 50*5 angle steel is used for the inclined web 
member of the platform, and 10# channel steel is used for the 
upright and straight web members. The platform is easy to 
make and has good security. It can be moved and reused. 
Hoist the operation frame to the position of the outer frame 
column on the floor, and then weld it to the steel bar with the 
positioning rod (6\u steel). After the steel bar is installed, cut 
the positioning rod at the welding position, and then use the 
tower crane to remove the operation frame for the next use. 

Hoisting analysis: before hoisting, use a plumb bob to re 
measure the verticality of the last steel bar. 

Hoisting in place: a comprehensive analysis is made based 
on the hoisting times, number of hoists, construction cost, 
construction time and safety quality. When the number of 
steel bars hoisted in a single time is two, the construction 
efficiency is the highest and the construction quality and 



 

55 

safety can be guaranteed. The tower crane is used for hoisting, 
and the number of steel bars hoisted in a single time is two. 
The two operators respectively align the lower part of the two 
steel bars with the upper smooth surface of the corresponding 
steel bar on the upper layer, and connect the bolts of the three 
ear plates with the two end faces facing each other 
horizontally. Adjust the perpendicularity by fine adjusting the 
bolts of the ear plates. Tighten the bolts after the 
perpendicularity calibration is completed. 

Re measurement and fixation of hoisting: the verticality of 
steel bars and the spacing between steel bars shall be 
rechecked with a plumb hammer and a steel ruler. On the 
operating platform, the operator shall weld all steel bars to the 
whole with a 20mm diameter steel bar, and the welding 
position shall be 500mm below the top of the steel bar. Ensure 
its perpendicularity. After the top steel bar is installed, the 
steel bar mesh is added at the top of the steel bar embedded in 
the frame column at the top of the steel bar; Reinforcement 
mesh: C12 transverse spacing of reinforcement mesh: 100mm 
× Vertical spacing of 100mm reinforcement mesh: 80mm 
vertical reinforcement mesh: 7 layers in total. 

Staggered hoisting: according to the design section 
requirements, raw material production length and tower crane 
hoisting conditions, in order to ensure that the hoisting time 
of steel bars does not affect other subdivisional works, the 
staggered and segmented hoisting method is adopted. The 
length of steel bars is two standard layers (9m). The method 
of two layers and one hoisting can save construction time and 
cost. 

Rebar binding: strictly control the perpendicularity of steel 
bars, the spacing between steel bars, the spacing between steel 
bars, and the distance from the outside of steel bars to the 
reinforcement at the column edge. 

3.5. Templates Installing 
During the construction of formwork works, the size, shape 

and position of relevant concrete components shall be strictly 
controlled, so that the formwork works can improve the 
corresponding function and safety of the construction works 
as a whole. Due to the complex construction environment and 
many construction links, the quality of formwork engineering 
should be strictly controlled. If you want to give full play to 
the function and effectiveness of formwork engineering, you 
must start from the materials, preparations, construction links 
and other parts to strictly ensure its quality. 

The construction formwork shall be installed step by step 
according to the design standard of the construction scheme. 
During the assembly of column formwork, the first formwork 
shall be installed first. After the installation is completed, the 
adjacent second formwork shall be installed and fixed, and 
then other formwork shall be installed correspondingly. 
During the installation, the diagonal line and installation 
position of the formwork shall be checked to ensure that the 
installation meets the design standard. In addition, the column 
formwork shall be checked from top to bottom, and column 
hoops and diagonal braces shall be installed at the 
corresponding positions to avoid the inclination of the column 
formwork, After the overall installation is completed, each 
link needs to be checked again to ensure that the installation 
standard is met. The installation steps of each link are as 
follows: 

(1) After the first piece of formwork is installed, the 
formwork shall be preliminarily fixed with diagonal braces to 

prevent the formwork from tilting and toppling. 
(2) After installing the second formwork, it is necessary to 

assemble the first and second formwork, and paste an anti-
seepage sponge between the two formworks. The size of the 
sponge should be controlled above 2mm and the shape should 
be strip, so as to avoid slurry leakage during later construction. 
Finally, use wood bolts to fix the two columns, so as to 
maintain good stability of the two column formworks. 

(3) Next, the installation of each piece of formwork is the 
same as that of the first and second pieces. After the 
installation of the third and fourth pieces of formwork, 
connect the four pieces of formwork to form a square barrel 
shaped column formwork structure. 

(4) Then, starting from the top of the square barrel column 
formwork structure, install the column hoop to ensure the 
integrity and integrity of the column. Install the column hoop 
respectively in the height direction of the whole column 
formwork. The spacing of the column hoop shall meet the 
requirements of the design scheme, and the maximum spacing 
shall be controlled below 500mm. After the column formwork 
is fixed, the diagonal and verticality of the column shall be 
tested to ensure that the column formwork is square and 
vertical, and the section size and position meet the design 
requirements. 

(5) Correct the deviation and diagonal of the column 
formwork in two directions, and then fix it. 

3.6. Concrete Pouring 
As an important material for the pouring construction of 

housing construction projects, commercial concrete provides 
a basic guarantee for the forming and quality strengthening of 
concrete. The principle of continuous pouring shall be 
followed in the pouring process, so as to ensure the integrity 
of the concrete structure, make it have strong safety 
characteristics, and improve the overall structure of the 
housing construction project. 

In the process of practical operation, the construction 
management personnel mainly complete each work task 
according to the specific requirements of the concrete pouring 
construction procedure, reflect the scientific and rigorous 
work attitude, fundamentally improve the concrete pouring 
construction quality, and lay a good foundation for the 
stability and safety of the building structure. In this process, 
the management personnel shall fully reflect their own work 
functions, supervise and manage the various operations of the 
construction personnel, so that they can ensure the pouring 
continuity when pouring concrete, and improve the concrete 
mixing construction quality at the same time. The operation 
of different links has corresponding relations. The 
construction management personnel should pay attention to 
the effective implementation of each link operation, 
especially when controlling the construction procedure, check 
the temperature parameters, water content ratio, etc., analyze 
the possible segregation or collapse problems, and prevent the 
concrete formwork from being impacted. The construction 
personnel shall also mix the concrete at different levels to 
improve the effectiveness of mixing construction on the basis 
of maintaining the strength between layers. When vibrating 
the concrete, it is necessary to control the distance between 
the vibrator and the formwork to prevent damage to the 
formwork, improve the stability of the formwork, and provide 
a reliable program guarantee for the optimization of the 
construction quality and structural strength of the 
comprehensive construction of the project. 



 

56 

Before implementing the concrete pouring construction 
technology of housing construction engineering, the 
construction personnel shall do a good job in vibration 
construction, fully improve the strength of concrete structure 
and promote the compactness of internal structure. It needs to 
master the actual situation of the construction site of the 
housing construction project in detail, clarify the specific 
requirements for concrete vibration and pouring construction, 
and reasonably select the vibrator according to the 
corresponding requirements to reflect the professional ability 
and level of the staff. It is difficult for some construction 
personnel to fully control the quality of concrete vibration and 
pouring construction during operation, resulting in uneven 
vibration and missing vibration. When dealing with this 
problem, the construction personnel need to insert the vibrator 
evenly, control the depth and moving length of the cement 
concrete, increase the strength of the vibrating mixture, and 
improve the tightness of the structure. This operation can 
effectively improve the quality and durability of concrete and 
prevent cracks in concrete structure. When optimizing the 
comprehensive effect of vibration construction, appropriate 
measures should be taken to protect the cement concrete to be 
poured. 

4. Conclusion 
Combined with an engineering example, the key points of 

construction quality control of steel bar concrete structure are 
analyzed by theoretical analysis method for reference to 
similar projects. The main conclusions are as follows: 

(1) In the traditional reinforced concrete column and shear 
wall structure, steel bars can greatly improve the performance 
of the super high-rise structure. 

(2) The difficult problem of arranging stirrups and 

longitudinal bars of solid web steel reinforced concrete 
columns can be solved by using scattered steel bars instead of 
traditional solid web steel bars. It is feasible to use ear plate 
connection for steel bars. 

(3) BIM Technology can realize the accurate positioning of 
steel bars and greatly improve the construction quality of steel 
bar concrete structures. 

(4) During the construction process, it is very important to 
strictly control the verticality of steel bars, the spacing 
between steel bars, the spacing between steel bars, the 
distance from the outside of steel bars to the reinforcement at 
the column edge, and strictly control the quality of formwork 
installation and concrete pouring to ensure the quality of steel 
bar concrete structure. 

References 
[1] D. J. Geng, N. Dai , P.J. Guo, S.H. Zhou, and H.G. Di,  

“Implicit numerical integration of highly nonlinear plasticity 
models,” Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 132, pp. 78–97, Jan. 
2021 

[2] D. J. Geng, N. Dai , P.J. Guo, and S.H. Zhou, “Implicit 
numerical integration of an elasto-plastic constitutive model for 
structured clays,” Journal of Mechanics, vol. 50, pp. 78-86, Jan. 
2018 

[3] D. J. Geng, N. Dai , X.S. Jin, and E.X. Miao , “Comparison of 
calculating methods and applications of different concrete 
maturity,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2011, pp. 
12–22, Sep. 2021 

[4] D.Zhang, Z.Cheng, D.J. Geng, S. Xie, and T.Wang , 
“ Experimental and numerical analysis on mesoscale 
mechanical behavior of coarse aggregates in the asphalt 
mixture during gyratory compaction,” Processes, , vol. 10, pp. 
47–56, Jan. 2021