



































060907-PK132《Academic Journal of Engineering and Technology Science》 .docx


    

 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.7, Issue 3; May - June 2022; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

7 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

A BLUEPRINT FOR IOT-POWERED LABORATORY SECURITY SYSTEMS 

 

Sun, Yi-Fang  

College of Information Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong, China 

 

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative paradigm, enabling the seamless 

exchange of information between interconnected objects through agreed-upon protocols. This interconnectedness 

extends the concept of networking from the digital realm to the physical world, facilitating intelligent 

identification, positioning, tracking, and supervision functions. IoT is inherently intertwined with the Internet and 

sensor networks, particularly wireless sensor networks (WSNs). WSNs consist of numerous sensors strategically 

placed to detect and transmit data wirelessly, creating self-organizing intelligent network information systems. 

As IoT technology advances and matures, it presents a promising opportunity to enhance laboratory safety 

management through the development of IoT-based laboratory security systems. 

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Sensor Networks, Laboratory Safety Management, Information Exchange, 

Intelligent Network System 

 

 

1. Introduction  

The Internet of Things refers to the information sensing equipment, according to the agreed protocol, any object 

connected to the network, the object through the information communication media information exchange and 

communication, in order to achieve intelligent identification, positioning, tracking and supervision and other 

functions. The Internet of Things extends the network concept of communication and information exchange in 

the actual information world to the physical world, which includes the activities of property and things or property 

and people. The Internet of Things is closely connected with the Internet and sensor network [1]. Sensor network 

is short for wireless sensor network. The sensor network is a large number of sensors randomly designed by the 

nodes of the data processing unit and the communication unit as well as the detection area. It uses the wireless 

network to implement information transmission, and the information interaction between things and things and 

between things and people is realized in the form of a self-organizing intelligent network information system [2]. 

The Internet of Things technology has been developing rapidly and gradually becoming mature, which provides 

a new technical guarantee for laboratory safety management. Develop a laboratory security system based on the 

Internet of Things to provide information and intelligent management means for laboratory security.  

2. ZigBee Technology  

ZigBee is one of the most important wireless protocols in wireless communication and has been widely used in 

various Internet of Things communication fields. ZigBee is a short-range, low-complexity, low-power, low-cost 

bidirectional wireless communication technology, mainly used in the data transmission between various devices 

with close distance, low power consumption and low transmission rate. ZigBee is based on the IEEE802.15.4 

standard. The IEEE802.15.4 standard only defines the physical layer protocol and the MAC layer protocol, and 

mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com


    

 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.7, Issue 3; May - June 2022; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

8 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

the ZigBee Alliance standardizes its network protocol layer and API on this basis, and also develops a security 

layer. After the improvement of IEEE802.15.4 by ZigBee Alliance, the ZigBee protocol stack is finally formed. 

The ZigBee protocol framework structure is shown in Figure 1.  

In the ZigBee protocol framework structure, the physical layer is the most basic part of the protocol stack, 

including the basic functions of physical signal reception and transmission processing, signal measurement, and 

transceiver state adjustment and parameter setting. The media access layer is responsible for how wireless 

channels are used, establishing and maintaining pans, processing and maintaining guaranteed GTS, and 

coordinating the proper use of communication resources across multiple devices. Network layer to achieve 

network establishment, routing and network address allocation, the internal is divided into network layer data 

entity and network layer management entity, including coordinator, router and terminal node three types of 

devices. The application layer includes application support sub-layer APS, application framework AF, and 

ZigBee device object ZDO, which together provide a unified interface for application developers [3,4].  

 
  

Figure 1: ZigBee protocol framework structure  

There are three device roles in ZigBee networks, including coordinator, router and terminal. Among them, the 

ZigBee coordinator is the information collection point and core node of the entire network, responsible for the 

construction, maintenance and management of the network. The coordinator is usually ZigBee's gateway, 

responsible for the conversion to other protocols such as Wi-Fi, while having all the functions of a router. The 

mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com


    

 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.7, Issue 3; May - June 2022; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

9 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

router can send and receive data, and is responsible for searching and maintaining the path of data, so that the 

router or terminal device can join the network, usually as a coordinator and the terminal device relay node used. 

The terminal device can send and receive data, but cannot route data. The terminal device can be mounted only 

to the coordinator or router node. It is usually a low-power device, such as mounting various sensors, relays and 

switches.  

ZigBee technology has the following main characteristics: First, low power consumption, ZigBee network node 

devices have a short working cycle, low power to send and receive information, and adopt sleep mode, low power 

consumption performance is significant. Second, short delay, communication delay and the delay of activation 

from sleep state are very short, the device search delay is 30ms, the sleep activation delay is 15ms, and the active 

device channel access delay is 15ms. Third, low cost, ZigBee protocol stack design is simple, the agreement is 

free of patent fees, coupled with the use of the frequency band does not need to pay, so the cost of ZigBee products 

is low. Fourth, the network capacity is large, a star structure ZigBee network can accommodate up to 255 devices, 

and the network composition is flexible. The mesh structure of ZigBee network can theoretically support 65535 

nodes. Fifth, high reliability, ZigBee adopts collision avoidance strategy to avoid the competition and conflict of 

sending data. The MAC layer adopts the fully confirmed data transmission mode. Each sent packet must wait for 

the confirmation information of the receiver. If there is a problem in the transmission process, it can be resent. 

Sixth, high security, ZigBee provides data packet integrity check function based on cyclic redundancy check 

(CRC), supports authentication and authentication, adopts AES-128 encryption algorithm, each application can 

flexibly determine its security attributes.  

3. RFID Technology  

RFID is located in the perception layer of the Internet of Things architecture, which is the lowest level of the 

Internet of things and one of the mediums connecting with "everything". RFID consists of a transponder, a reader 

and an application software system. The transponder consists of an antenna, coupling components and chips, 

usually called the tag transponder, generally divided into passive, active and semi-active, each electronic tag has 

a unique electronic code to determine the target object. The reader consists of an antenna, a coupling element, a 

chip, and a device capable of reading and writing the tag information, and can be designed as a handheld RFID 

reader or a stationary reader. Application software system is application layer software, which mainly collects 

and further processes data for people to use [5]. The composition of RFID system is shown in Figure 2.  

 

D ecoder   
Physical  
storage  

Encoder  

Instruction /   
Response unit  

Logical storage   

Response  
coupling  
element  

Control unit   

Electronic tag   

C/R  
agreement   Logical  

storage  
table   

I nstruct   

R esponse   

Reader - writer   

Transceiver  
module  

Additional interfaces   

Data processing unit   

Spatial media   

┉   
USB, RS232   el al.   

mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com


    

 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.7, Issue 3; May - June 2022; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

10 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

  

Figure 2: RFID system composition  

The basic working principle of RFID system: The reader sends a radio frequency signal of a specific frequency 

through the transmitting antenna. When the electronic tag enters the effective working area, the induced current 

is generated, and the energy is activated, so that the electronic tag transmits its encoded information through the 

built-in antenna. The receiving antenna of the reader receives the modulated signal sent from the tag, and 

transmits it to the signal processing module of the reader through the modulator of the antenna. After 

demodulation and decoding, the effective information is transmitted to the background host system for related 

processing. The host system recognizes the identity of the tag according to the logical operation, makes 

corresponding processing and control for different Settings, and finally sends a signal to control the reader to 

complete different read and write operations.  

The essence of the Internet of Things is perception, and the perception between objects is realized through radio 

frequency identification technology. Therefore, the application of radio frequency identification technology RFID 

is the core of the Internet of Things [6]. The advantages of RFID technology are obvious, the information in the 

electronic tag can be read and written repeatedly, the identification is strong, the reading speed is fast, the 

utilization efficiency is greatly improved, the information format in the electronic tag is unique, the labeled object 

has become unique, and the "thing" in the Internet of Things has become unique. Because of this, RFID 

technology is widely used in many areas of the Internet of Things such as item tracking, real-time monitoring, 

vehicle management, smart furniture, environmental monitoring and laboratory security to achieve the 

identification, control, interconnection and supervision of objects.  

4. System Architecture  

The laboratory security system based on the Internet of Things replaces the manual registration and management 

of laboratory personnel and equipment information in the past, realizes the information management of laboratory 

resources, facilitates the sharing of laboratory resources, and enables the management, analysis and statistics of 

equipment and personnel information. Real-time monitoring of water and electricity in the laboratory, and 

analysis and statistics of the monitored data. Each room of the laboratory is monitored and video history playback 

is provided to prevent various safety accidents. To realize the access control function of the laboratory, only 

authorized laboratory personnel can enter the laboratory by swiping the card to increase the security of the 

laboratory. The architecture of laboratory security management system based on Internet of Things technology is 

shown in Figure 3  

[7].  

 

Interface 

layer  
 

 

User interface  
 

 

Water flow monitoring   Electric energy monitoring  

  

mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com


    

 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.7, Issue 3; May - June 2022; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

11 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

User layer  
 

Video monitoring   Access control  
 

Dictionary maintenance   Statistical analysis  

 
 

Data layer  
 

 

Relational database  
 

 
 

Communicati

on link layer  
 

 

ZigBee wireless 

network  

 Optical fiber 

network  
 

 
 

Device 

sensing 

layer  
 

 

Water flowmeter   Electric energy 

meter  
 

 

Camera   RFID  
 

  

Figure 3: System architecture  

The core functions of the system include four aspects [8]: First, water flow monitoring. The water flow meter is 

placed in the laboratory, and the distance transmission between the flow meter and the central control room is 

carried out through the application of optical fiber network, and the optical fiber big data is transmitted to the 

central server, and then the data is monitored and collected. Second, electric energy monitoring. Obtain the 

laboratory electricity situation, respond to and deal with sudden electricity accidents. A professional electrical 

energy detection box is set up in the laboratory, the current signal is sent by the transformer, and all the signals 

are uploaded to the power meter. Using ZigBee wireless transmission method to transmit data, through the optical 

fiber network and the system connection, the central server accurately read the energy meter data, so as to achieve 

real-time monitoring effect. Third, video surveillance. Monitor the dynamic situation of the laboratory, 

automatically identify the light camera in each room, connect the infrared camera with the client software, collect 

and transmit video data, and call up the monitoring screen or historical screen in real time. Fourth, access control 

management. Check the identity of people entering the laboratory, and only those who have access and meet the 

requirements can enter the laboratory. The access control system uses RFID radio frequency technology, which 

can accurately identify the target, and obtain information, and compare it with the information in the database. If 

the information is consistent, you can gain admission to the laboratory.  

5. Laboratory Safety Monitoring and Control System  

Laboratory safety hazards mainly include five aspects [9]: First, fire hazards. The occurrence of fire accidents is 

universal and may occur in almost all laboratories. Second, explosive potential. Explosive accidents mostly occur 

mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com


    

 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.7, Issue 3; May - June 2022; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

12 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

in laboratories with flammable and explosive materials and pressure vessels. Third, potential toxicity. Almost all 

chemicals used in chemical laboratories have certain toxicity, and toxic accidents mostly occur in laboratories 

with chemical drugs, highly toxic substances and toxic gas emissions. Fourth, mechanical and electrical hazards. 

Mechanical and electrical injuries occur mostly in mechanical laboratories with high-speed rotation or impact 

motion, or electrical laboratories with live work and some laboratories with high temperature. The fifth is the 

potential theft. The hidden dangers of theft are mostly due to the poor anti-theft performance of the doors and 

Windows of the laboratory, or the responsibility of the relevant personnel is not in place. The laboratory defense 

system under the condition of Internet of Things covers all kinds of sensing and detection devices, as shown in 

Figure 4 [10].  

 
  

Figure 4: Architecture of laboratory safety monitoring and control system  

Sensors are used to collect laboratory monitoring signals and abnormal state signals of instruments, equipment, 

fires and hazards to human health during experiments. Temperature sensor can feel the temperature and convert 

to the available output signal, temperature sensor is the core part of the temperature measurement instrument, 

according to the measurement method can be divided into contact and non-contact two categories. Ionic smoke 

sensor is a kind of advanced technology, stable and reliable sensor, which is widely used in various fire alarm 

systems, and its performance is far better than that of gas sensitive resistor fire alarm. The human body infrared 

sensor is used for life anti-theft alarm and visitor notification, etc. The principle is to convert the released charge 

into voltage output through the amplifier. Electrochemical sensors are mainly used to analyze the composition of 

gases, liquids or solids dissolved in liquids, the measurement of liquid pH, conductivity and REDOX potential 

and other parameters. The current and voltage sensor converts the high voltage into a certain value of low voltage 

for measurement and other uses, which can prevent the current or voltage from being too large to damage the 

instrument and equipment, and can greatly reduce the risk of electric shock for the experimenter. Pressure sensor 

A device or device that can sense pressure signals and convert pressure signals into usable output electrical signals 

according to certain rules.  

6. Conclusions  

The definition of the Internet of Things is to use RFID technology, laser scanners, global positioning devices and 

infrared sensors and many other sensor Settings, to connect everything with the network, communication and 

information exchange into the relevant protocol implementation, to achieve the intelligent goal of identification 

Sound, light,  

telephone and  

SMS alarm devices   

Smoke sensor  

Laboratory safety  

monitoring device   

Human infrared sensor   

Feedback control  

device  

Electrochemical sensor   

Laboratory safety  

monitoring center  

Laboratory  

manager  

Terminals such as computers, mobile phones and laptops  

Database /Web  

server  

Current and voltage sensor   

Pressure monitoring sensor  

Temperature and   humidity sensor    

Internet   

mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com


    

 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.7, Issue 3; May - June 2022; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

13 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

and management. A variety of sensors, a variety of transmission networks and protocols are applied to realize a 

laboratory security system based on the Internet of Things, which provides a new way of thinking for laboratory 

security management and ensures that the laboratory can maximize its service for teaching and scientific research.  

Acknowledgements  

This work is supported by guiding science and technology plan project of Dandong city in 2022 (Liaodong 

university united technology): Intelligent laboratory security management technology and system based on 

Internet of Things.  

References  

W. L. Zhuang. Design and research of Internet of things technology in laboratory security protection system [J]. 

Electronic Test, 2022, 36(09): 119-121+99.  

J. Liu. Application of Internet of Things Technology in Laboratory Safety Monitoring[J]. Journal of Shaoxing 

University, 2019, 39(01): 110-114.  

W. W. Han. Research on Wireless Network Application Based on ZigBee TechnologyJ]. Information Recording 

Materials, 2022, 23(10): 233-236.  

B. L. Shi, G. Wang, H. X. Zhang, Y. J. Zhang. Strain Data Acquisition System Based on ZigBee Wireless Network 

[J]. Instrument Technique and Sensor, 2020, 57(01): 79-82.  

X. Xu. RFID Technology in the Internet of Things[J]. Modern Industrial Economy and Informationization, 2023, 

13(03): 119-121.  

L. Li. Study on the Development and Application of Internet of Things Based on RFID Technique [J]. Shanxi 

Electronic Technology, 2016, 44(06): 38-39.  

B. L. Shi, X. S. Zhang, X. L. Chen. Application of Internet of Things Technology in Laboratory Safety Management 

[J]. Research and Exploration in Laboratory, 2019, 38(03): 273-276.  

Q. H. Lou. Application of Internet of Things technology in laboratory security management[J]. Computer 

Programming Skills & Maintenance, 2022, 29(01): 169-171.  

G. X. Cui. Design of Laboratory Safety Management System Based on the Internet of Things[J]. Research and 

Exploration in Laboratory, 2015, 34(03): 287-290.  

N. Qin. Research on university laboratory security system under Internet of Things environment [J]. Low Carbon 

World, 2015, 5(32): 153-154.   

mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com

