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 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.6, Issue 6; November - December 2021; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

1 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

A GREENER FUTURE: ENERGY-SAVING CONTROL'S ROLE IN MECHANICAL 

AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING ADVANCEMENTS 

 

Zhu, Yi-Qiang  

College of Mechanical and Transportation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China 

 

Abstract: Energy-saving control systems play a pivotal role in the realm of mechanical and electronic 

engineering, facilitating the efficient management of mechanical and electrical equipment while curbing energy 

wastage. This article delves into the energy-saving control of asynchronous motors for vehicles, with the primary 

objective of reducing energy consumption and enhancing motor efficiency. The study also aims to extend the 

electric vehicle's operational range, contributing significantly to the advancement of Wang Mechanical and 

Electronic Engineering. By integrating energy-saving control systems into mechanical and electrical engineering, 

this research endeavors to amplify energy conservation without compromising the equipment's regular 

functioning, optimizing energy utilization and yielding superior performance. This not only augments the 

machinery and electronics sector but also fosters sustainable development across economic, energy, and 

environmental domains. 

Keywords: Energy-saving control systems, Asynchronous motors, Electric vehicles, Mechanical and electrical 

engineering, Sustainable development 

 

1. Introduction  

The use of energy-saving control systems in mechanical and electronic engineering can achieve efficient energy-

saving control of mechanical and electrical equipment, while ensuring the normal operation of mechanical 

equipment and minimizing energy losses as much as possible. This is of great significance for the energy-saving 

development of Wang Mechanical and Electronic Engineering. In view of this, this article takes the energy-saving 

controller of asynchronous motors for vehicles as the research object, with the goal of reducing motor energy 

consumption and improving motor efficiency, and focuses on extending the range of electric vehicles. This study 

can provide reference for the application and development of mechanical, electrical, and electrical fields. 

Applying energy-saving control systems to mechanical and electrical engineering can significantly improve the 

energy-saving effect of the machine while ensuring its normal operation, maximizing the energy utilization rate 

of the machine, and thus achieving the best working results. This is not only conducive to the development of 

machinery and electronics, but also to the sustainable development of today's economy, energy, and environment.  

Energy saving control technology is currently one of the hot topics in research, among which Huang Huacheng 

explored IoT control technology based on IoT campus energy-saving and consumption reducing street light 

systems [1]. Ashryatov, A. A., V. G. Kulikov considered the advantages of electronic starting devices in street 

light control systems in order to create energy-saving control systems. They analyzed the current status of street 

light lighting methods, identified their shortcomings and solutions, and developed energy-saving control methods 

for street light lighting devices [2]. Chang Jau-Yang has designed a multi hop based energy-saving control scheme 

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 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.6, Issue 6; November - December 2021; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

2 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

to handle the sleep process of sensor devices. Based on the multi hop routing structure, self-adaptive decisions 

are made to select the type of power saving level, which brings reasonable energy consumption and appropriate 

packet delay time to sensor devices [3]. Ding Renkai Ruochen Wang has designed an energy-saving control 

strategy and its corresponding implementation structure to reconcile the contradiction between dynamic 

performance and energy consumption [4]. However, due to insufficient data sources, the above research is only 

in the theoretical stage and lacks practical significance.  

2. Design of Energy-Saving Controller for Asynchronous Motors  

This article focuses on the hardware design of the energy-saving controller for asynchronous motors used in 

electric vehicles. Based on the overall design scheme of the energy-saving controller hardware, the various 

components of the energy-saving controller hardware system were selected and analyzed in detail. Using the 

relevant design software - Aluminum Designer 16, the circuit schematic diagram and circuit board were designed 

and drawn [5-6].  

2.1. Hardware Design of Energy-Saving Controller  

The energy-saving controller for automotive asynchronous motors designed in this article mainly includes DSP 

control circuit, IPM main circuit, signal detection circuit, etc. [7]. This article is based on the design of hardware 

circuits that achieve different functions, and organizes and arranges them, including the following contents: 

circuit schematic diagram and overall layout plan. The overall hardware structure of the energy-saving controller 

is shown in Figure 1.  

 
  

Figure 1. Overall structure of the energy-saving controller hardware system  

DC power supply 

voltage conversion circuit filter circuit 

signal processing circuit voltage sensor 

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 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.6, Issue 6; November - December 2021; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

3 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

2.2. Control Circuit Design of Digital Signal Processing Technology  

The energy-saving control technology introduced in this article is mainly an energy-saving control circuit 

designed based on the DSP chip TM320F28335. The design of the DSP control circuit is the most important part 

of the entire hardware system design [8-9]. In this section, the basic features of the F28335 main control chip are 

first introduced. Then, based on the current mature technological achievements, the corresponding design of the 

DSP control circuit was carried out, and a DSP control circuit that meets the requirements of the work in this 

article was ultimately developed.  

The digital signal processing technology (DSP) utilizes an event triggering module in enhanced pulse width 

modulation (ePWM) to generate the interrupt signal or transform signal; By using a driver isolation circuit, a 

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal is transmitted to an Intelligent Power Module (IPM) for switching action; 

After performing voltage transformation, filtering, and limiting operations, the sampled signal can be transmitted 

to the DSP's transformation module if it meets the conditions for input analog signals. The fault protection signal 

of IPM is output to the DSP main control chip, which effectively protects the inverter circuit [10].  

2.3. Software System Design of Energy-Saving Controller  

This article introduces a new type of energy-saving controller for asynchronous motors and provides a detailed 

analysis of it. On the hardware platform of the energy-saving controller designed in this article, the software 

system design of the asynchronous motor energy-saving controller was completed using dedicated integrated 

development software of DSP chips, and subsequent debugging and improvement work was carried out [11-12].  

(1) System main program design  

In this article, a detailed analysis and research have been conducted on the control technology of induction 

motors. In practical applications, due to its own characteristics and characteristics, a detailed analysis has been 

conducted and corresponding solutions have been proposed. Therefore, in order to ensure that the energy-saving 

controller achieves the expected functions, it is necessary to accurately digitize various input signals, efficiently 

process signals, and output control signals in real-time. There are a large number of self-protection lines in 

energy-saving control systems. How to quickly and stably process fault signals at the software level is also the 

key to ensuring the safe and stable operation of energy-saving control systems. In this scheme, programming is 

carried out in a modular manner, ensuring that the overall code structure of the system is clear, concise, and easy 

to understand, while also facilitating later maintenance and updates [13]. The software system design scheme in 

this article consists of two parts: the main program and the interrupt submodule. The main program completes 

the input instructions of the upper computer after initialization, and the interrupt submodule includes modules 

such as AD conversion, coordinate transformation, and energy-saving control. The A/D acquisition circuit 

collects the signal output by the Hall sensor and converts it into a digital quantity; The QEP testing module mainly 

includes: calculation of the position and speed of the rotor flux linkage; The coordinate conversion module 

completes karat conversion, parker conversion, and parker inverse conversion; The energy-saving control module 

adjusts the MT axis current based on theory and analysis, and the motor load condition. The flowchart of the 

main program is shown in Figure 2.  

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 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.6, Issue 6; November - December 2021; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

4 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

 
Figure 2. Main program flowchart  

(2) Energy saving control module  

In the software design of energy-saving controllers, the energy-saving control module is the most important and 

crucial part [14-15]. Due to the difficulty in directly measuring the load of an induction motor under normal 

operating conditions, this article uses stator current as an intermediary to indirectly obtain the magnitude of the 

induction motor load. Based on the above theoretical analysis, it can be concluded that when the motor is operated 

under different load conditions, there would be an optimal voltage value corresponding to it. The energy-saving 

control module can control the supply voltage value through the measured stator current, thereby reasonably 

reducing the magnetic flux level, reducing motor losses, and improving the working efficiency of asynchronous 

motors. When the load changes, the system comprehensively judges whether energy-saving regulation is 

necessary under the current load state of the asynchronous motor based on the current I, current current, and 

threshold detected in the previous round [16-17]. To avoid oscillation of the optimization search operation around 

the optimal value during the energy-saving regulation process, which may cause unstable power supply voltage 

and cause excessive vibration and noise. So, when the amplitude of current change exceeds the pre-set threshold, 

the induction motor would enter the energy-saving regulation mode. The flowchart of the energy-saving control 

module is shown in Figure 3:  

start system initialization GPIO initialization 
Peripheral Interrupt  

Initialization 

On-chip peripheral  
initialization 

Peripheral Interrupt  
Enable 

Asynchronous motor energy saving controller 

Operating normally stop 

N 

Y 

  

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 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.6, Issue 6; November - December 2021; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

5 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

 
Figure 3. Energy saving control subroutine flowchart  

2.4. Implementation of Frequency Converters and Their Energy-Saving Principles  

In this energy-saving control system, the main function of the frequency converter is to regulate the induced draft 

fan, water supply system, and blower. According to the relevant principles of electrical engineering, the attack 

operating speed of AC asynchronous points can be calculated according to the following formula:  

n = 60 (1f −s)/ p                              (1)  

In the formula, the stator power supply frequency is represented by f; p is the polar logarithm; s is the slip rate.  

From this formula, it can be seen that if the frequency of the stator power supply is changed at a constant speed, 

the synchronous operating speed of the motor would also undergo a stable change, thus obtaining a better 

regulated air volume. From a theoretical perspective, since the air flow rate is directly proportional to the first 

order of the rotational speed, and the air pressure is directly proportional to the square of the rotational speed, the 

shaft work is directly proportional to the third order of the rotational speed. From this point of view, compared 

to adjusting dampers, adjusting the operating rate would achieve a more significant energy-saving effect for the 

Energy saving control  
subroutine entry 

Judgment mode 

Read the current value of AD  
conversion 

Is it greater than the  
threshold 

Finish 

N 

Y 

  

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 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.6, Issue 6; November - December 2021; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

6 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

boiler. In the energy-saving control system studied in this article, the actuator is a frequency converter. By 

adjusting the operating speed, the air blowing volume and water supply volume can be reasonably changed. The 

formula for calculating power savings is as follows:  

∆ =N H H Q( 1 − 3)* 2                             (2)  

According to the theory of fluid mechanics:  

Q 

P=                                    (3) H 

The air volume Q is proportional to the first power of the speed N, the pressure H is proportional to the second 

power of the speed N, the shaft power P is proportional to the third power of the speed N, and the motor speed N 

is proportional to the power frequency.  

3. Experiment and Energy-Saving Controllers in Mechanical and Electronic Engineering  

On this basis, a 4 kW three-phase induction motor is used as the research object, and an energy-saving control 

device is used, with an ammeter as the motor load [18-19]. In this experiment, the conventional technical 

parameters of the motor drive system were tested, and a comparative test of control variables was conducted. 

Except for the connection of energy-saving controllers, other operating modes and configurations were the same. 

Experiments were conducted on induction motors in the above two states, and the test results were analyzed. On 

this basis, through a series of comparative experiments, the problem can be quickly identified and more 

conclusions can be drawn. The specific meanings of each working condition in the horizontal axis are shown in 

Table 1.  

Table 1. Motor load conditions corresponding to each working condition  

Case number  Load rate  

1  0  

2  5  

3  15  

4  25  

5  30  

6  40  

7  50  

8  55  

9  65  

10  70  

Here, the experimental process of this article includes the following aspects: firstly, record the corresponding 

voltage and current values in the three phases. The second is to connect the power plug properly. The console of 

the electromagnetic eddy current dynamometer sets the torque to 0, which is equal to no load. At the same time, 

the output electrical energy can also be measured on three phases. Thirdly, connect an electromagnetic force 

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 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.6, Issue 6; November - December 2021; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

7 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

meter and gradually increase the torque of the electromagnetic force meter, which is equivalent to gradually 

increasing the load of the induction motor. Every once in a while, the electrical energy display at its input end, 

as well as the voltage and current corresponding to the three phases, would be measured. Fourthly, repeat the 

above steps three times to ensure that the interval time and torque value are the same. Therefore, the comparison 

of stator current of induction motors in vehicles with and without energy-saving controllers is shown in Figure 4 

[20].  

As shown in Figure 5, the lower the load rate, the smaller the stator current, and the better the energy-saving 

effect. This is due to the increase in load, as the optimal magnetic flux tends towards the rated value, which also 

verifies the effectiveness of the minimum stator current control technology. The statistical diagram of the changes 

in power factor is shown in Figure 5 [21].  

 

  

Figure 4. Comparison of stator current  

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

Stator current 

No energy saving Energy saving 

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 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.6, Issue 6; November - December 2021; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

8 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

 
Figure 5. Improvement of power factor  

As shown in Figure 5, under the condition of energy conservation, the improvement in condition 2 is the largest, 

with a value of 67%. Under the condition of not using any energy, the efficiency improvement under condition 6 

is the highest, reaching 65%. The smaller the load ratio, the more significant the effect on improving power factor. 

This can not only save the active power consumption of the induction motor, but also effectively reduce the 

power consumption of the motor and improve the transmission performance of the motor.  

During the experiment, every time the state is switched and the load of the asynchronous motor is changed, the 

energy-saving controller of the automotive asynchronous motor maintains good dynamic response 

characteristics. Throughout the entire experiment, there is no motor stall, and its various indicators are stable and 

reliable, basically meeting the needs of extending the range of electric vehicles. Therefore, it is an energy-saving 

supporting equipment for asynchronous motors used in electric vehicles with good practicality. So, after 

constructing an energy-saving control experimental platform for automotive asynchronous motors, this article 

tested the experimental device, and the feedback of the test results showed that the basic functions of this 

experimental platform were complete and reliable, ultimately achieving experimental research on energy-saving 

controllers for automotive asynchronous motors. By testing some of the main performance parameters of the 

energy-saving control system, various performances of the energy-saving control system were tested, and the 

performance of the energy-saving control system was also tested. The two main performance parameters and 

  

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

80 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

Working condition 

Have energy saving No energy saving 

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 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.6, Issue 6; November - December 2021; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

9 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

dynamic and static operating characteristics of the energy-saving controller were experimentally studied through 

comparative experiments.  

4. Conclusions  

The electrical equipment has undergone energy-saving transformation using electrical equipment and electrical 

equipment. Therefore, in future research work, it is also necessary to increase the exploration and exploration of 

energy-saving control technologies, continuously improve and enhance existing energy-saving control 

technologies, and promote the development of energy-saving control in mechanical and electronic engineering 

from multiple perspectives. Therefore, combining energy conservation technology with mechanical design would 

completely eliminate various difficulties that currently hinder the development of energy conservation 

technology, and play a huge promoting role in the development of mechanical design and manufacturing. In order 

to solve the problem of vector control and achieve high-speed dynamic response, some power losses may occur 

when the motor is unloaded or lightly loaded. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy-saving control technology 

for automotive asynchronous motors based on the minimum stator current method, which exchanges the optimal 

energy with a certain response speed under conditions of different load rates and no high demand for dynamic 

response.  

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 Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 

Vol.6, Issue 6; November - December 2021; 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

  

 

 

10 | A c a d e m i c  J o u r n a l  o f  S c i e n c e ,  E n g i n e e r i n g  a n d  T e c h n o l o g y  

|  https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 

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