Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 1 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET INDUSTRIAL PALM OIL MILLING MACHINES STARTING TORQUE EFFECT OF REMOVING COMPENSATING WINDING USING UNIVERSAL MACHINE Chizindu Stanley Esobinenwu1 and Lamidi Salihu Owuda2 1&2 Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Email: chizindu.esobinenwu@uniport.edu.ng & owuda@yahoo.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10814648 Abstract: Industrial palm oil milling machines starting torque effect of removing compensating winding using universal machine is presented. The palm oil milling plant machine is the equipment use for processing of raw material reception, sterilizing, threshing, digesting, pressing, clarifying, drying and the output product is palm oil. Compensation machine windings are a winding in the field pole face plate that carries armature current to reduce stator field distortion. Its purpose is to reduce brush arcing and erosion in machine that operates with weak fields, variable heavy loads and reversing operation. Uncompensated windings of industrial palm oil milling machines have received negative threat in oil production due to this phenomenon. The series reactance was reduced by fewer turn of heavier wire gauges and is impracticable to eliminate reactance voltage drop so as not to eliminate magnetic field. The reactance voltage drop was completely eliminated by the uses of compensating windings immediately it was connected in series with armature of mill universal machine, and arranged so that the ampere-turns of the compensating winding opposes and neutralizes the ampere-turns of the armature. The compensating winding displaced 90 electrical degrees from the field winding and the mechanical displacement 45 degrees. The commutation also improves considerably Universal machines operates both on alternating current and on direct current source. When coupled to electro-dynamometer, the machine current and the torque developed were recorded as I=3.7Amps dc and torque =16Ibf.in. The industrial palm oil milling universal machine for uncompensated for AC operation the current and speed was recorded as current (I) = 2.4Aac and AC speed = 230rev/min. and more sparking at the brushes and for uncompensated for DC operation the current and speed was recorded as current (I) = 2.5Aac and AC speed = 2680rev/min. The industrial palm oil universal machine was loaded up to 9Ibf.in. the industrial palm oil milling universal machine for inductive compensation operation the current, speed and torque was recorded as current (I) = 2.4Aac, AC speed = 1430rev/min and AC torque = 9Ibf.in. Industrial palm oil milling universal machine stalled as soon as the short was removed. The full power cannot develop when it is uncompensated. Inductive compensation for DC operation, the current, speed and torque was recorded as current (I) = 4.1Adc, DC speed = 2400rev/min and AC torque = 9Ibf.in. and there was no changed when the short was removed. This recommended for machines designers and operators of industries of Palm oil milling, fans and blowers, hair dryers, electric shavers, electric heir clippers, can openers, sewing machines, vibrators, coffee grinders, power screwdrivers, nut drivers, sabre saws, and hedge clippers. Keywords: Armature, Milling, Compensating, Universal, Commutation, Brush sparking, Erosion, and Neutralizes. mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com mailto:chizindu.esobinenwu@uniport.edu.ng mailto:owuda@yahoo.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 2 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 1.0 INTRODUCTION Industrial palm oil milling machines starting torque effect of removing compensating winding using universal machine is presented. The palm oil milling plant machine is an equipment use for processing of raw material reception, sterilizing, threshing, digesting, pressing, clarifying, drying and the output product is palm oil. [1, 4, 5] Compensation machine windings are winding in the field pole face plate that carries armature current to reduce stator field distortion. [3, 7, 8] It reduce brush arcing and erosion in machine that are operates with weak fields, variable heavy loads and reversing operations. Uncompensated windings of industrial palm oil milling machines have received negative threat in oil production. The starting torque of universal machine is determined by the current that flows through the armature and field windings. [3, 10] The inductive reactance of these windings, the alternating current (AC) starting current is always less than that of direct current (DC) starting current. [4, 9]. Thus, the starting torque on AC power will be lower than that of starting torque on DC power. The compensating winding has a very great important role to play of reducing the overall reactance of the machine. The compensating windings also has the ability of opposing armature reaction, thereby improves commutation. [2, 6, 8]. The universal machine that is not compensated has the ability to lose most of its power and worsen brushes sparking. [5, 6, 7] 2.0 Laboratory Investigation on Industrial Palm Oil Milling Universal Machines A laboratory experiment was carried out in the standard research UNIPORT laboratory to investigate the industrial palm oil milling machines starting torque effect of removing compensating winding using universal machine. The materials, instruments and components used are: (1) Universal Machine, (2) Power Supply, (3) Electro- dynamometer, (4) AC Metering current module (2.5A, -8.0A), (5) AC Metering voltmeter module (100V- 250V), (6) DC Metering Volt-Amps (200V, 2.5-5A), (7) Hand Tachometer, (8) Connecting leads and (9) Timing belt. The course of carrying out the investigation on industrial palm oil milling universal machines starting torque effect of removing compensating winding using universal machine. A high-level peculation was observed at every laboratory experiment as high voltage was present in the laboratory. No connection was made with power ‘ON’ at every experimental connection, and power must be switch ‘OFF’ after connecting each individual experimental connection. 3.0 Industrial Palm Oil Milling Universal Machines Starting Torque for DC operation Using the materials, instruments and components as stated above, the industrial palm oil milling universal machine connection for DC operation is shown in figure1. The power was turn ‘ON’ after connection and it was adjusted to 30V using the control knob on the power supply. At the 30V power supply the line current was less than 1.0ampere and the compensating winding was producing flux in the same direction as the armature thereby increasing the inductance and reactance. It was also observed that the armature revolves and the brushes were mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 3 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET not at exactly neutral position. As a result of this, an interchanged of the lead to armature winding was made and the system normalized and the line current was measured and recorded as 3.5A ac. 𝐈𝟏 Figure1: Circuit diagram of industrial palm oil milling universal machine for DC operation The electro-dynamometer was coupled to the industrial palm oil milling universal machine with timing belt. The input terminal of the electro-dynamometer was connected to 220 Vac terminal 1 and Neutral (N). The electro-dynamometer was adjusted to its full clockwise position to provide a maximum starting load for industrial palm oil milling universal machine and brushes were set to their neutral position. The machine was turned ‘ON’ and an adjustment was made as indicated on the voltmeter to 30V supply to industrial palm oil milling universal machine windings. The industrial palm oil milling universal machine current and the torque developed were recorded as current (I) = 3.7Amps dc and torque =16Ibf.in. The voltage was returned to zero and the power was turn ‘OFF. 4.0 Industrial Palm Oil Milling Universal Machine for AC Operation Using the materials, instruments and components, the industrial palm oil milling universal machine connection was reconnected for AC operation is shown in figure2. The power was turn ‘ON’ after connection and it was adjusted to 30V using the control knob on the power supply. The industrial palm oil milling universal machine current and the torque developed were recorded as current (I) = 1.4Amps ac and torque =1.6Ibf.in. The voltage was returned to zero and the power was turn ‘OFF. It was observed from the result that the inductive reactance of the armature and field windings limits field current during AC operation. This reduced the AC starting torque drastically below the starting torque. Palm Oil Mill Universal Machine Palm Oil Mill Electro- Dynamometer M V A 5 4 3 0 – 220-Vac 0 -2 2 0 V d c 0 – 250Vdc Voltmeter 0 – 2.5Adc Ammeter Voltmeter Control knob W 2 1 6 + _ + _ L N L N mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 4 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 𝐈𝟏 Figure2: Circuit diagram of industrial palm oil milling universal machine for AC operation 5.0 Industrial Palm Oil Milling Universal Machine for Uncompensated for AC Operation Using the materials, instruments and components, the industrial palm oil milling universal machine connection was reconnected for uncompensated windings for AC operation by eliminating the compensating coil winding as shown in figure 3. The power was turn ‘ON’ after connection and it was adjusted to 220Vac using the control knob on the power supply and the electro-dynamometer to 3Ibf.in of the torque. The industrial palm oil milling universal machine for uncompensated operation the current and speed was recorded as current (I) = 2.4Aac and AC speed = 230rev/min. The current is almost the same but the speed is much slower. Without the compensated windings for the industrial palm oil milling universal machine, the universal machine produces less power and more sparking at the brushes Palm Oil Mill Universal Machine Palm Oil Mill Electro- Dynamometer M V A 5 4 3 0 – 220-Vac 0 -2 2 0 V a c 0 – 250Vac Voltmeter 0 – 2.5Aac Ammeter Voltmeter Control knob W 2 1 6 + _ + _ L N L N mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 5 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 𝐈𝟏 Figure3: Circuit diagram of industrial palm oil milling universal machine for uncompensated for AC operation. 6.0 Industrial Palm Oil Milling Universal Machine for Uncompensated for DC Operation Using the materials, instruments and components, the industrial palm oil milling universal machine connection was reconnected for uncompensated windings for DC operation by eliminating the compensating coil winding as shown in figure 4. The procedure as before, the industrial palm oil milling universal machine for uncompensated operation the current and speed was recorded as current (I) = 2.5Aac and AC speed = 2680rev/min. Palm Oil Mill Universal Machine Palm Oil Mill Electro- Dynamometer M V A 5 4 3 0 – 220-Vac 0 -2 2 0 V a c 0 – 250Vac Voltmeter 0 – 2.5Aac Ammeter Voltmeter Control knob W 2 1 6 + _ + _ L N L N mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 6 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 𝐈𝟏 Figure4: Circuit diagram of industrial palm oil milling universal machine for uncompensated for DC operation. 7.0 Mathematical Model The three main components of palm oil mill universal machine torque are: reluctance torque, Synchronous torque, Excitation torque. [3, 4, 7] Palm oil milling universal machine torque 𝑇𝑒𝑚 = 1.5 p (𝜆𝑑 𝑖𝑞 - 𝜆𝑞 𝑖𝑑) (1) Palm oil milling universal machine Reluctance Torque 𝑇𝑟 = 1.5 𝑃 (𝐿𝑑 − 𝐿𝑞)𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑞 (2) Palm oil milling universal machine Synchronous Torque 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑛 = 1.5 P (𝐿𝑚𝑑 𝑖𝑘𝑑𝑖𝑞 - 𝐿𝑚𝑞 𝑖𝑘𝑞𝑖𝑞) (3) Palm oil milling universal machine Excitation Torque Palm Oil Mill Universal Machine Palm Oil Mill Electro- Dynamometer M V A 5 4 3 0 – 220-Vac 0 -2 2 0 V d c 0 – 250Vdc Voltmeter 0 – 2.5dc Ammeter Voltmeter Control knob W 2 1 6 + _ + _ L N L N mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 7 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET 𝑇𝑒𝑥 = 1.5 P 𝐿𝑚𝑑 𝑖𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑞 (4) Where P are pole pairs, assumed the line voltage are balanced, The d-q voltages in terms of the load angle become, 𝑉𝑑 = -V sin 𝛿 (5) 𝑉𝑑 = V cos 𝛿 (6) Stator phase current is related to the d-q currents [3, 9]. 𝑖𝑎𝑥 =𝑖𝑞 (7) 𝑖𝑏𝑥= - 1 2 𝑖𝑞 - 1 √3 𝑖𝑑 (8) 𝑖𝑐𝑥 = - 1 2 𝑖𝑞 + 1 √3 𝑖𝑑 (9) 8.0 Mechanical Model The mechanical model of the palm oil mill universal machine which allows the inertia and Mechanical load torque to be incorporated, [1, 5, 7] swing equation equations (10-11), �̇� = 𝜔𝑏 - 𝜔𝑟 (10) 𝜔�̇� = 𝑝 𝑗𝑚 (𝑇𝑒𝑚 - 𝑇𝐿) (11) 𝐽𝑚 𝑑2𝜃𝑚 𝑑𝑡2 = 𝑇𝑐 - 𝑇𝐿 (12) Decomposing equation (12) into two first order differential equation gives, P𝜃𝑚=m (13) 𝐽𝑚 (P 𝜔m ) = 𝑇𝑐 - 𝑇𝐿 (14) mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 8 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET P 𝜔m = 1 𝐽𝑚 (𝑇𝑐 - 𝑇𝐿) (15) 𝑇𝑒𝑚 + Integrator Integrator - _ δ δ 𝑇𝐿 - Gain( 𝑝 𝑗𝑚 Sum 𝜔𝑏 + Sum Figure 5: Mechanical model block diagram of Palm oil mill universal machine Control Table 1: Laboratory Investigation Results on Industrial Palm Oil Milling Universal Machine for Compensated Operation. S/NO. CURRENT(I) VA P(WATTS) SPEED (r/min) HORSE POWER(hp) TORQUE (Ibf.in) 1 1.8 226 208 3448 0 0 2 2.2 274 243 2548 0.120 3 3 2.8 246 288 1858 0.175 6 4 3.3 406 323 1388 0.188 9 Table2: Laboratory Investigation Results on Industrial Palm Oil Milling Universal Machine for Uncompensated Operation. S/NO. CURRENT(I) P(WATTS) SPEED (r/min) HORSE POWER(hp) TORQUE (Ibf.in) 1 1.5 238 4148 0 0 2 1.8 288 3298 0.155 3 3 2.3 358 2598 0.246 6 4 2.7 388 2198 0.313 9 mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 9 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET Table 3: Industrial Palm Oil Milling Universal Machine Parameters in simulation d-axis inductance,𝐿𝑑 1.4Mh q-axis inductance, 𝐿𝑞 2.8mH (1.4mH) Stator windings 𝑅𝑠 0.6 Ω (1.2 Ω) Induced flux by magnet 0.12Wb Number of poles, P 2 Rated Voltage, V 250 V Rated frequency, f 50Hz Combined rotor and load inertia, 𝐽𝑚 0.83Kg𝑚2 Shaft mechanical torque, 𝑇𝑙 3.2Nm Source: [3, 5, 6, 7] Figure 6: Graph of Rotor Speed against Time for Varying Stator Resistance. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time [s] Ro to r s pe ed ,  r [r ad s/ se c] 0.2599 0.2050 0.3158 mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 10 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET Figure 7.: Graph of Motor Torque against Time for Varying Stator Resistance Figure 8: Graph of Rotor Speed against Time. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Time [s] Mo tor To rqu e, T m [N m] 0.2599 0.2050 0.3158 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 Time [sec] Ro to r S pe ed [r ad s/ se c] mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 11 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET Figure 9: Graph of Torque against Time Figure 10: Graph of Rotor speed Against Time 9.0 Industrial Palm Oil Milling Universal Machine for Inductive compensation for AC Operation. The effect of using inductive compensation while the industrial universal machine is operating on AC. Using the materials, instruments and components, the industrial palm oil milling universal machine connection was reconnected for inductive compensation as shown in figure3. The compensating coil was short 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Time, [s] To rq ue , T e, [N m ] Te Th 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 Time [sec] R ot or S pe ed [r ad s/ se c] mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 12 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET out by connecting a lead directly across its terminals. The power was turn ‘ON’ and adjusted for 120Vac. The industrial palm oil universal machine was loaded up to 9Ibf.in. the industrial palm oil milling universal machine for inductive compensation operation the current, speed and torque was recorded as current (I) = 2.4Aac, AC speed = 1430rev/min and AC torque = 9Ibf.in. It was observed that the sparking was the same when the industrial palm oil milling universal machine was conductively compensated. While the machine was on operation, the shorted compensating coil was removed by holding the wire with insulating material as a precaution. the industrial palm oil milling universal machine stalled as soon as the short was removed. The full power cannot develop when it is uncompensated. 10.0 Industrial Palm Oil Milling Universal Machine for Inductive compensation for DC Operation. Using the same procedure, the industrial palm oil milling universal machine for inductive compensation for DC operation the current, speed and torque was recorded as current (I) = 4.1Adc, DC speed = 2400rev/min and AC torque = 9Ibf.in. It was observed that the DC and AC industrial palm oil milling universal machine for inductive compensation operation does not work at the same level of operation. It was observed that the inductive compensation is effective only when the current is alternating. The performance is the same with compensating winding shorted as when it is open. While on the DC, the industrial palm oil milling universal machine draw more current and there was severe sparking at the brushes. Compensation machine windings are a winding in the field pole face plate that carries armature current to reduce stator field distortion it was used to reduce brush arcing and erosion in the palm oil milling machine so that it can operates on weak fields, variable heavy loads and reversing operations. The reactance of the series was reduced by fewer turn of heavier wire gauges. In the series field, it is not practicable to eliminate reactance voltage drop so as not to eliminate magnetic field. The reactance voltage drop was completely eliminated by the uses of compensating windings and this was connected in series with armature of palm oil milling machine and it was so arranged so that the ampere-turns of the compensating winding opposes and neutralizes the ampere-turns of the armature. The compensating winding displaced 90 electrical degrees from the field winding and the mechanical displacement 45 degrees. The commutation also improves considerably Universal machines operates both on alternating current and on direct current source. The speeds at which the universal machines operate depend on the designer, though universal machines operate faster on DC than on AC source. It was observed that the DC and AC industrial palm oil milling universal machine for inductive compensation operation does not work at the same level of operation. It was observed that the inductive compensation is effective only when the current is alternating. The performance is the same with compensating winding was shorted as when it is open. While on the DC, the industrial palm oil milling universal machine draw more current and there was severe sparking at the brushes. The compensating windings are necessary to reduce reactance effects of the armature winding. This allows more AC current to be drawn and increase the power output capability and improving commutation. 11.0 CONCLUSION mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 13 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET The DC and AC industrial palm oil milling universal machine for inductive compensation operation does not work at the same level of operation. The inductive compensation is effective only when the current is alternating. The performance is the same with compensating winding shorted as when it is open. While on the DC, the industrial palm oil milling universal machine draw more current and have severe sparking at the brushes. At the 30V power supply, the line current was less than 1.0ampere and the compensating winding were producing flux in the same direction as the armature thereby increasing the inductance and reactance. The armature revolves and the brushes were not at exactly neutral position. As a result of this, an interchanged of the lead to armature winding was made and the system normalized and the line current was measured and recorded as 3.5A ac. When coupled to electro-dynamometer, the machine current and the torque developed were recorded as I=3.7Amps dc and torque =16Ibf.in The industrial palm oil milling universal machine for uncompensated for AC operation the current and speed was recorded as current (I) = 2.4Aac and AC speed = 230rev/min. Without the compensated windings for the industrial palm oil milling universal machine, the universal machine produces less power and more sparking at the brushes. While the industrial palm oil milling universal machine for uncompensated for DC operation the current and speed was recorded as current (I) = 2.5Aac and AC speed = 2680rev/min. When the industrial palm oil universal machine was loaded up to 9Ibf.in for inductive compensation operation the current, speed and torque was recorded as current (I) = 2.4Aac, AC speed = 1430rev/min and AC torque = 9Ibf.in. It was observed that the sparking was the same when the industrial palm oil milling universal machine was conductively compensated. While the machine was on operation, the shorted compensating coil was removed by holding the wire with insulating material as a precaution. Industrial palm oil milling universal machine stalled as soon as the short was removed. The full power cannot develop when it is uncompensated. While for the industrial palm oil milling universal machine for inductive compensation for DC operation, the current, speed and torque was recorded as current (I) = 4.1Adc, DC speed = 2400rev/min and AC torque = 9Ibf.in. and there was no changed when the short was removed. This recommended for machines designers and operators of industries of Palm oil milling, fans and blowers, hair dryers, electric shavers, electric heir clippers, can openers, sewing machines, vibrators, coffee grinders, power screwdrivers, nut drivers, sabre saws, and hedge clippers. REFERENCES L, Chang “Comparison of ac Drives for Electric Vehicles – A Report on Experts, Opinion Survey,” IEEE AES Systems Magazing.Pp. 7-10. 2019. L.H. Hoang, “Comparison of Field –Oriented Control and Direct Torque Control for Induction Motors,” in Proc.IEEE , Industry Application conference, Vol.2, pp. 1245- 1252.2019 mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com Academic Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 9, Issue 2; March -April 2024; ISSN: 2837-2964 Impact Factor: 6.67 1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET/index; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 14 | A c a d e m i c J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e , E n g i n e e r i n g a n d T e c h n o l o g y | https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJSET A. Kishore, R.C.Prasad, M.B. Karen, “Matlab/ Simulink Based DQ Modeling and Dynamic Characteristics of Three – Phase self-exited Induction Generator” Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium, Cambridge, USA, March, 26-29, pp 312-316, 2016 C. Mademlis, J. Xypteras, N. Margaris, “Loss Minimization in Surface Synchronous Motor Drives”, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, Vol.47, No. 1, pp. 115- 122, 2005 O.I. Okoro, “Matlab Simulation of Induction Machine with Saturable Leakage, and Magnetizing Inductance”,Botswana Journal of Technology, vol. 12.No.1, pp.20-28, 2004 O.I. Okoro, “Transient Analysis of a Synchronous Machine with Damper windings”, NEJRD, vol.3 No.4. pp 66-69. 2005. P. Pillay,.R. Krishnan, “Modeling, Simulation and Analysis of Machines Drives part 11: The Brushless DC Machines Drive,” IEEE Trans. Industry Application, vol. 25, No. 2, pp102-105,1989. M.A. Rahman, T.A., Little, P.K. Dash, “Computer Simulation of the Dynamic Performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors”IAS Annual Meeting, pp511-514, 1989. M.A. Rahman, T.A. Little, “Dynamic Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors” IEEE Trans., vol. 103, no. 6, pp. 1277- 1280, 1984 [M.A. Rahman A.M. Osheiby, “Effect of Parameter Variations on the Performance of Permanent Magnet Motors,” IAS Annual Meeting, pp,787-793, 1984 mailto:topacademicjournals@gmail.com