untitled ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 149 Acta Bot. Croat. 75 (1), 149–152, 2016 CODEN: ABCRA 25 DOI: 10.1515/botcro-2016-0006 ISSN 0365-0588 eISSN 1847-8476 Short communication Alyssum desertorum Stapf (Brassicaceae), new for the Italian fl ora Fabrizio Bartolucci*, Fabio Conti School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino – Floristic Research Center of the Apennine, National Park of Gran Sasso and Laga mountains, San Colombo, 67021 Barisciano (L’Aquila), Italy Abstract – The occurrence of Alyssum desertorum, a species belonging to A. sect. Alyssum, is reported for the fi rst time in Italy. It was found in Abruzzo (central Italy) in the territory of National Park of Gran Sasso and Laga mountains and surrounding areas. Morphological similarities with the other taxa recorded in Italy belonging to A. sect. Alyssum are briefl y discussed. Information about the typifi cation of the name, habitat, phenology and distribution in Italy are also provided. Keywords: Abruzzo, Alyssum, central Apennine, distribution, typifi cation, vascular fl ora * Corresponding author, e-mail: fabrizio.bartolucci@gmail.com Introduction The genus Alyssum L. (Brassicaceae) consists of about 195 species distributed in Europe, Asia, northern Africa and northern America (Warwick at al. 2008, Rešetnik et al. 2013, Li et al. 2014). This genus was divided into six sec- tions by Dudley (1964): Alyssum sect. Alyssum, A. sect. Ga- mosepalum (Hausskn.) T. R. Dudley, A. sect. Meniocus (Desv.) Hook. f., A. sect. Psilonema (C. A. Mey.) Hook. f., A. sect. Tetradenia (Spach) T. R. Dudley, and A. sect. Odon- tarrhena (C. A. Mey.) W. D. J. Koch. Some years later the species of A. sect. Tetradenia were transferred into the genus Hormathophylla & T. R. Dudley (Kupfer 1974). However, recent molecular phylogeny studies indicate that Alyssum is polyphyletic and that the current taxonomic circumscrip- tion of the genus needs to be revised (Rešetnik et al. 2013, Li et al. 2014). Thirteen Alyssum taxa are currently recorded in Italy (Conti et al. 2005, 2007, Španiel et al. 2011a, b, 2012; Ma- gauer et al. 2014): A. alyssoides (L.) L., A. cuneifolium Ten. subsp. cuneifolium, A. diffusum Ten. subsp. diffusum, A. dif- fusum subsp. calabricum Španiel, Marhold, N.G. Passal. & Lihová, A. diffusum subsp. garganicum Španiel, Marhold, N.G.Passal. & Lihová, A. minutum Schltdl. ex DC., A. oro- philum Jord. & Fourr, A. repens Baumg. (doubtfull pres- ence), A. siculum Jord., A. simplex Rudolphi, A. strigosum Banks & Sol., A. wulfenianum Bernh. subsp. wulfenianum and A. wulfenianum subsp. ovirense (A. Kern.) Magauer, Schönsw. & Frajman. Only A. diffusum is endemic to Italy (Španiel et al. 2012, Peruzzi et al. 2014, Peruzzi et al. 2015). Alyssum montanum L. has been excluded from the fl ora of Italy (Španiel et al. 2011a, b, 2012), A. ligusticum Breistr. has to be transferred to the genus Hormathophylla as H. halimifolia (Boiss.) P. Küpfer (Küpfer 1974, Warwick 2008) and fi nally all the species belonging to A. sect. Odontar- rhena (C. A. Mey.) W. D. J. Koch (A. argenteum All., A. ber- tolonii Desv., A. tavolarae Briq., A. alpestre L., A. nebro - dense Tineo) have recently been transferred to the genus Odontarrhena C. A. Mey. (Cecchi and Selvi 2013). During the last few years, many papers concerning the taxonomic and fl oristic knowledge of the vascular fl ora of the central Apennines and Abruzzo were published (e.g., Conti and Peruzzi 2006, Conti et al. 2006, Peruzzi and Bar- tolucci 2006, Bartolucci and Peruzzi 2007, Conti 2007, 2010, Peruzzi et al. 2007, 2013, Conti et al. 2008, 2011, Di Pietro et al. 2008, Minutillo et al. 2010, Conti and Tinti 2012, Conti et al. 2012, Bartolucci and Conti 2013, 2014, Conti et al. 2015). In this context, we have also studied the vascular fl ora of the National Park of Gran Sasso and Laga Mountains over the last ten years (Bartolucci et al. 2007, Conti and Tinti 2008, Bartolucci et al. 2012). During the fi eld research undertaken in 2013 concerning this project, we found an annual Alyssum with glabrous silicles and ca- ducous sepals not corresponding to any recorded taxa for the Italian fl ora (Conti et al. 2005). During the editorial pro- cess of this manuscript, Alyssum desertorum was recorded as casual alien species from northern Italy, based on a sin- gle individual found in a camping in Trentino Alto Adige (Bertolli and Prosser 2014). BARTOLUCCI F., CONTI F. 150 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 Materials and methods According to the relevant literature and some European fl oras (Dudley 1962, 1964, 1965, Ball and Dudley 1996, Hartvig 2002, Schneeweiss 2000, Plazibat 2009), we were able to identify the plant collected, and housed in Herbari- um Apenninicum (APP), as Alyssum desertorum. The pro- tologue (Stapf 1886) and the original material (W, WU, JE, studied from digital images) were also examined as well as the material from FI, FIAF and GE, in order to confi rm the preliminary identifi cation. Acronyms are according to Thiers (2015). Results and discussion Alyssum desertorum, belongs to A. sect. Alyssum, is na- tive to central and south-eastern Europe, and central-west Asia, and it is considered naturalized in northern America (Dudley 1964, 1965, 1968, Cheo et al. 2001, Hartvig 2002, Plazibat 2009). According to Greuter et al. (1986) and Mar- hold (2011), previous indications of this species in Italy (Fiori 1924 as Alyssum minimum Willd.) are erroneous. Fiori (1924) reported it from Croatia (Istria a Castelvenere), where the species was recently excluded (Plazibat 2009), and from Genova (north-western Italy). We searched for the specimens cited by Fiori (FI, FIAF, GE) but none was found. Hence, the occurrence in Italy of Alyssum deserto- rum is reported here for the fi rst time. All the species belonging to A. sect. Alyssum occurring in Italy (A. minutum, A. simplex, A. strigosum, A. wulfenia- num, A. repens, A. diffusum, A. cuneifolium, A. orophilum) have pubescent silicles with the exception of A. minutum. This latter species, quoted from southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia (Conti et al. 2005, Arrigoni 2010), is characterized by styles hairy at the base, glabrous silicles with sparse in- dumentum on the upper margins only when young and per- sistent sepals. In contrast, A. desertorum has styles glabrous, silicles always glabrous and sepals deciduous (Fig. 1). Dudley (1962) recognized three varieties for A. deserto- rum on the basis of the fruit trichomes and the habitus: var. desertorum (erect or decumbent habitus with racemes elon- gated up to 10 cm), var. himalayensis T.R. Dudley (with minute stellate hairs on the silicles margin), and var. pros- tratum T.R. Dudley (with reduced and prostrate habitus, and racemes condensed up to 2 cm). A fourth variety, A. deser- torum var. socolacicum Plazibat, was recently described from Macedonia (Plazibat 2009), and it is characterized by luxuriant habitus and racemes over 30 cm in length. The plants we have collected belong to A. desertorum var. desertorum. Alyssum desertorum Stapf, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51(2): 302. 1886 var. deserto- rum Lectotype (First step: Dudley 1965. Second step: Rech- inger 1968): [Azerbaijan] Jelizabethapol, 1882, Pichler T. s.n. ex Iter persicum D.ris J.E. Polak (W 1904-0002633!, image is available at http://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/ detail.php?ID=548215; isolectotypes: WU-0043213! image is available at http://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/de-tail. php?ID=119430, WU-0043214! image is available at http:// herbarium.univie.ac.at/data-base/detail.php?ID=119431, JE-00003062!, K). Description: Annual, stems erect or decumbent up to 25 cm tall; indument (stem, leaves, fruiting pedicels, sepals and petals) with appressed, sessile, 6–20-rayed stellate tri- chomes. Cauline leaves subsessile or attenuate at the base, linear to oblanceolate-linear with apex acute, 0.5–2.5 cm × (0.5)1–3(4) mm. Racemes elongate and cylindrical up to 10 cm. Fruiting pedicels ascending or subdivaricate, straight, 1.5–3 (3.5) mm. Sepals oblong, 1.4–1.8(2) × 0.4–0.5 mm, deciduous. Petals yellow, oblanceolate. Fruit ovate to or- bicular, glabrous, 3–4(4.5) mm, apex emarginate; valves not veined, uniformly infl ated at the centre, broadly fl at- tened at margin; style 0.3–0.7(1) mm, slender, glabrous. Seeds often 2 per locule, ovate, 1.2–1.5 × 0.9–1.1 mm, slightly compressed, narrowly winged. Habitat: disturbed sites, roadsides, arid fi elds, rocky slopes, 700–1.200 m a.s.l.; usually grows together with A. simplex and A. alyssoides. Phenology: fl owering from April to June. Notes on the typifi cation: A. desertorum was described from material collected during an expedition to Persia in 1882 (Stapf 1886): In collibus prope Baku (13.IV); in de- serto prope Jelisabethpol in consortio A. linifolii (5.IV); inter Tifl is et Baku (1.IV). Dudley (1962) indicated a speci- men at W as syntype: “Persia: in desertis prope Jeliza beth- pol, Iter Polak, 5 Apr. 1882, Pichler (W)”. Three years later he designated isolectotypes (Dudley 1965), and not a lecto- type as he wrote, indicating duplicate specimens of a single gathering preserved in two different herbaria: “Caucasus, Azerbaydzhan, in deserto prope Jelizabethpol [Kirovabad], 5.IV.1882, Pichler (W, K)”. According to Art. 9.17 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012) the Dudley’s lectotypifi cation must be accepted (fi rst-step) but may be narrowed to a sin- gle one of the specimens of the gathering (second-step). Rechinger (1968) selected the specimen housed in W as a lectotype. Fig. 1. Alyssum desertorum: a – infl orescence, b – raceme whit gla brous silicles and caducous sepals (Photo by: a – F. Conti, b – F. Bartolucci). NEW ALYSSUM IN THE ITALIAN FLORA ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 151 Distribution in Italy (Fig. 2): Abruzzo region (central Italy), municipality of L’Aquila in the territory of National Park of Gran Sasso and Laga Mountains and surrounding areas. The previous record from Genova (north-western Ita- ly) (Fiori 1924 as A. minimum Willd.) is erroneous and no specimens from this area were found. Specimina visa: Italy: Abruzzo. Orto Botanico di S. Co- lombo (Barisciano, L’Aquila), incolti aridi, 1100 m, 18 April 2013, F. Bartolucci s.n. (APP n. 52960); da Fonte Ve- dice lungo la strada sterrata per Filetto (Barisciano, L’Aquila), incolto arido, 1200 m, 20 April 2013, F. Conti s.n. (APP n. 55127); presso Barisciano in loc. La Cona, in- colti al margine stradale, 860 m, 20 April 2013, F. Conti s.n. (APP n. 55194); loc. Urràino (Caporciano, L’Aquila), cam- pi, 730 m, 19 April 2013, F. Conti s.n. (APP.n. 55197). Additional specimens examined: [Azerbaijan] Baku, 13.IV.1882, Pichler T. s.n. ex Iter persicum D.ris J. E. Polak (WU-0043211! image is available at http://herbarium.uni- vie.ac.at/database/detail.php?ID=119433, WU-0043212! image is available at http://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/ detail.php?ID=119432). 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