untitled ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 89 Acta Bot. Croat. 75 (1), 89–98, 2016 CODEN: ABCRA 25 DOI: 10.1515/botcro-2016-0013 ISSN 0365-0588 eISSN 1847-8476 Dry grasslands of Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitalicae in the Pollino Massif (Calabria, Italy) Massimo Terzi1*, Franceso S. D’Amico2 1 Institute of Bioscience and Bioresource – CNR, Via Amendola 165, Bari, Italy 2 Dept. of Biology, Botanical Garden Museum, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Italy Abstract – Rocky pastures dominated by Stipa austroitalica in the south-east of Italy were classifi ed within an endemic alliance, Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitalicae, originally assigned to a Balkan order (Scorzoneretalia villosae). Actually, the distribution area of S. austroitalica extends further westwards and large patches are found on the south-east side of the Pollino Massif. This study aims to describe and charac- terise the plant communities dominated by S. austroitalica in this area and analyse their fl oristic and choro- logical relationships with other associations of Hippocrepido-Stipion. Moreover, their syntaxonomy is dis- cussed in the context of the Italian and south European dry grasslands biogeography. The grasslands were studied on the basis of 19 phytosociological relevés. A larger data set, including 185 relevés with S. austroi- talica, was used to visualise the relationships among the associations through nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling ordination. The results allowed the description of a new association, Bupleuro gussonei-Stipetum aus- troitalicae, classifi ed within Hippocrepido-Stipion. As a consequence, the alliance synrange was extended up to the Pollino Massif. The Hip pocrepido-Stipion, together with Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti, was ar- ranged in Euphorbietalia myrsinitidis, an endemic order of the Italian peninsula. The proposed scheme up- grades the syntaxonomy and nomenclature of the dry grasslands vegetation of central and southern Italy. Keywords: calcareous grasslands, Euphorbietalia myrsinitidis, Pollino National Park, Scorzoneretalia villo- sae, Stipa austroitalica, syntaxonomy. Abbreviation: art. – article of the 3rd edition of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature * Corresponding author, e-mail: massimoterzi@ibbr.cnr.it Introduction The alliance Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitali- cae Forte et Terzi 2005 was originally conceived to describe the Mediterranean steppe-grasslands of two of the largest karst areas in the south-east of Italy, Murge hill and Garga- no promontory, and a few other sites in the Molise Region (Fanelli et al. 2001, Forte et al. 2005). The grasslands are characterised by a high fl oristic richness, with a remarkable phytogeographical value. The dominant species, Stipa aus- troitalica Martinovský, is an endemic species of the south of Italy and is considered a priority species for European biodiversity conservation strategies (Annex II of Directive 92/43/EEC). As a consequence, plant communities of Hip- pocrepido-Stipion are worthy of the highest safeguarding and attention (Paura et al. 2014). Besides its importance for biodiversity conservation, Hippocrepido-Stipion is also of particular concern for the biogeography of Mediterranean vegetation in the European context. In fact, due to the presence of many taxa with a north-eastern Mediterranean and south-eastern European distribution, the alliance was originally classifi ed within a Balkan order, Scorzonero villosae-Chrysopogonetalia gryl- li Horvatić et Horvat in Horvatić 1963 nom. illeg. – whose correct name is Scorzoneretalia villosae Kovacević 1959 (cf. Terzi in press) – of which it would constitute the south- western outpost (Forte et al. 2005). Actually, the syntaxo- nomic position of Hippocrepido-Stipion raised one more time the question on the relationship between grassland vegetation of the Italian Peninsula and the western Balkans, after it has been debated for nearly 40 years (Lakušić 1969, Horvat et al. 1974, Bonin 1978, Royer 1991, Biondi et al. 1995, Fanelli et al. 2001, Terzi et al. 2010, Biondi and Galdenzi 2012, Terzi and Di Pietro 2013, Di Pietro and Wa- gensommer 2014, Biondi et al. 2014a). Although the largest phytocoenoses with S. austroitali- ca can be found along the southern part of the Italian Adri- atic border, the species was recorded in many other sites in the south of Italy, with large patches also on the south-east- TERZI M., D’AMICO F. S. 90 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 ern side of the Pollino Mountain range, in Calabria Region (Moraldo 1986, Brandmayr et al. 2002). It is interesting to observe that Bonin (1978) – who fi rst extended the distribu- tion area of Scorzoneretalia villosae up to southern Italy – based his hypothesis on a phytosociological study on the grasslands of the Pollino Massif. Bonin’s relevés (Bonin 1978) were carried out from nearly 800 m above sea level (asl) upward and, even if they include some records of Sti- pa mediterranea Trin. et Rupr., it seems improbable that they could be referred to S. austroitalica, whose grasslands develop mainly at lower altitudes, in an area around Castro- villari and nearby towns, in the province of Cosenza (Fig. 1). This area has been widely surveyed for both fl ora and fauna (i.e., Terraciano 1890, Gavioli 1936, Bernardo and Maiorca 1996, Brandmayr et al. 2002, Bernardo et al. 2011) whereas, despite its importance, it has not been studied from a phytosociological standpoint nor has its vegetation been compared to other S. austroitalica associations. It is worth mentioning that these phytocoenoses are also partial- ly included within the Pollino National Park and the pro- posed Site of Community Importance ‘La Petrosa’. Thus, the aim of this study is threefold: 1) to describe and characterise the plant communities dominated by S. austroitalica in the southern side of the Pollino Massif; 2) to analyse their fl oristic and chorological relationships with other S. austroitalica grasslands; 3) to discuss their syntax- onomy in the context of Italian and south European Medi- terranean grasslands. Material and methods Study area The Pollino Massif is located on the border between the Regions of Calabria and Basilicata, in the south of Italy. Its main peaks, Pollino Mountain (2248 m) and Serra Dolce- dorme (2267 m), are the highest in southern Italy (Fig. 1). The core area of the massif is made of limestone and dolo- mitic rocks, cut by faults and deep gorges. In the Calabrian side, around the towns of Castrovillari and Frascineto, the relief degrades south- and eastwards to the Sibari Plain and the Ionian Sea, roughly following the route of the Coscile, the most important river of the area. The geological struc- ture of the area is quite complex with Mesozoic calcareous- dolomite reliefs, quaternary soils of the river basin, sedi- ments of Miocene and Pliocene-Pleistocene deposits, outcrops of Palaeozoic rocks (sericite schists, phyllites, cal- careous schists) (Giannini et al. 1963). The Stipa austroi- talica communities develop mainly on limestone, often out- cropping, in an area roughly between 300–800 m asl. The bioclimate of the study area, deduced from the ther- mo-pluviometric data of the meteorological station of Cas- trovillari, is Mediterranean pluvioseasonal-oceanic with a meso-Mediterranean thermotype and a subhumid ombro- type (Fig. 2, Tab. 1). The bioclimatic indexes (Rivas-Marti- nez 2008, without compensation for the altitude) were cal- culated on the basis of thermo-pluviometric data available on the institutional web sites of ARPA-Calabria (http:// www.cfd.calabria.it/) and Protezione Civile-Apulia (http:// www.protezionecivile.puglia.it/). Vegetation analysis Rocky pastures dominated by Stipa austroitalica in the area surrounding Castrovillari and nearby towns (Fig. 1) were sampled by 16 phytosociological relevés, according to the standard method of the Zürich–Montpellier school (Braun-Blanquet 1932, Westhoff and Van der Maarel 1978). We sampled plant communities with S. austroitalica occur- ring with cover values greater than 30% (i.e., 3, 4 or 5 on the Braun-Blanquet abundance-dominance scale). The plot sizes ranged between 70–100 m2, which is nearly equal to the mean plot size calculated for the Hippocrepido-Stipion (see below). The altitudinal range was between 430 and 700 m asl. Moreover, to take into account the altitudinal varia- tions of grassland vegetation, three additional relevés were carried out near Campotenese at nearly 1000 m asl where S. austroitalica is replaced by Stipa dasyvaginata Marti- novský subsp. apenninicola Martinovský et Moraldo (On- line Suppl. Tab. 1, On-line Suppl. Appendix 1). Fig. 1. (A) Map of the south of Italy displaying the mountain range of Murge, Gargano and Pollino. (B) South-eastern part of the National Park of Pollino (shaded area). The study area is indi- cated by vertical lines. Fig. 2. Ecological climate diagram for Castrovillari, in the prov- ince of Cosenza (Italy). The dashed line indicates mean monthly temperature (°C); the solid line indicates mean monthly precipita- tion (mm). HIPPOCREPIDO-STIPION IN THE POLLINO MASSIF (ITALY) ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 91 Ordination To visualise the fl oristic, chorological and life-form re- lationships among the studied pastures and those already assigned to the Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitali- cae or to other grasslands with S. austroitalica, a larger data set (185 relevés) was carried out by adding relevés already published and assigned to the “community with Ephedra nebrodensis and Scorzonera villosa subsp. columnae (Gar- gano)” and the following associations: Chamaecytiso spi- ne scentis-Stipetum austroitalicae Terzi et Forte 2005 (Murge of Matera), Irido pseudopumilae-Scorzoneretum columnae Di Pietro, Misano et Terzi 2010 (south-eastern Murge), Convolvulo elegantissimi-Stipetum austroitalicae Biondi et Guerra 2008 (south-eastern Murge), Centaureo apulae-An- dropogonetum distachyi Biondi et Guerra 2008 (art. 44, south-eastern Murge), Stipo austroitalicae-Hyparrhenietum hirtae Biondi et Guerra 2008 (south-eastern Murge), Car- dopato corymbosi-Brometum erecti Biondi et Guerra 2008 (south-eastern Murge), Chamaeleono gummiferi-Stipetum austroitalicae Brullo, Scelsi et Spampinato 2001 (Asprom- onte), Sideritido italicae-Stipetum austroitalicae Fanelli, Lucchese & Paura corr. Terzi, Di Pietro et D’Amico 2010 (Gargano), Stipo austroitalicae-Seslerietum juncifoliae Di Pietro et Wagensommer 2014 (Gargano), Phagnalo illyrici- Stipetum frentanae Terzi, Di Pietro et D’Amico 2010 (Mo- lise), Polygalo mediterraneae-Stipetum austroitalicae Ter- zi, Di Pietro et D’Amico 2010 (Dauno sub-Apennine), Acino suaveolentis-Stipetum austroitalicae Forte & Terzi, 2005 (north-western Murge), Anthemido columnae-Stipe- tum austroitalicae Fascetti, Pirone et Rosati 2013 (Madda- lena Mts.) (Brullo et al. 2001, Fanelli et al. 2001, Forte et al. 2005, Biondi and Guerra 2008, Di Pietro and Wagen- sommer 2008, Terzi et al. 2010, Fascetti et al. 2013, Di Pie- tro and Wagensommer 2014, On-line Suppl. Appendix 2). Species abundance-dominance values were transformed to the ordinal scale proposed by Van der Maarel (1979). The plot sizes of relevés vary from 2 to 350 m2, with an average value of nearly 80 m2. Only relevés with a plot size of 10– 200 m2 were retained together with the nomenclatural type relevés; the types were kept even if their plot sizes exceed- ed the given thresholds. The resulting data set (consisting of 164 relevés) was ordinated by nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS, Kruskal 1964, Mather 1976) after outlier relevés had been removed. Outlier analysis was performed by pc-ord software 6.11 (McCune and Mefford 2011), con- sidering as outliers those relevés that were more than 2.00 standard deviation units away from the mean. NMDS was carried out by using the ‘thorough and slow’ option of the pc-ord autopilot mode, with the Relative Sørensen distance (McCune and Grace 2002). Chorotypes and life-forms refer to Pignatti (1982). The following chorotypes were used: Circum-Adriatic; Atlantic, including also European-Atlantic and sub-Atlantic taxa; Circumboreal; Endemic, including also subendemic spe- cies; Eurosiberian; Eurasiatic; European; Mediterranean- Atlantic; eury-Mediterranean; steno-Mediterranean; Medi- terranean-Montane, including also the south and south-east European orophytes; Paleotemperate; Wide Distribution taxa, including the remaining types (e.g., Cosmopolitan, sub-Cosmopolitan). Within the previous chorological types, Pignatti (1982) recognizes some “eastern” taxa (i.e., east steno-Mediterranean, east eury-Mediterranean, east Medi- terranean-Montane, south-east European and circum-Adri- atic taxa). To evaluate their infl uence on the associations, the percentages of these “eastern” taxa were separately cal- culated and summarised in another additional type (referred as “Est” in Table 3). The strengths of the relationships be- tween life-forms and chorotypes and NMDS ordination scores were visualised throughout joint plots with an r2 cut- off arbitrarily set at 0.30. As summarising data, life-form and chorological spectra were also calculated on the basis of species frequency in the original diagnoses of the asso- ciations (Tab. 3). Nomenclature Taxonomic nomenclature refers to Euro+Med Plantbase and subordinately to Conti et al. (2005) and recent taxo- nomic monographs (Gonzalo et al. 2013, Quintanar and Castroviejo 2013, Gallo 2014). Regarding S. austroitalica, three subspecies were identifi ed in the study area (Moraldo Tab. 1. Bioclimate of stations representative of some Stipa austroitalica associations. Alt. – altituide; Me.po – Mediterranean pluviosea- sonal oceanic; Te.oc/sm – temperate oceanic, submediterranean variant; Te (%) – percentage of temperate (hydrologic) years in the time range, Me (%) – percentage of Mediterranean (hydrologic) years; mme – mesomediterranean; tme – thermomediterranean; mte – meso- temperate; sme – supramediterranean; sec – dry; shu – subhumid; hum – humid; i – lower belt; s – upper belt; Cont. – continentality type; euoc – euoceanic; smct – semicontinental; Ic – index of continentality; Io – ombrothermic index; Tp – yearly positive temperature; Itc – compensated thermicity index. (1): from Fascetti et al. (2013). Stations Alt. (m) Time range Bioclimate Te (%) Me (%) Thermo- type Ombro- type Cont. Ic Io Tp Itc Manfredonia 2 1950–2010 Me.po 11.7 88.3 mme.i sec.i euoc 16.5 2.4 1869.4 314.4 Reggio Calabria 15 1950–2010 Me.po 0.0 100.0 tme.i sec.i euoc 14.8 2.7 2218.7 422.2 Crispiano 265 1950–2010 Me.po 25.0 75.0 mme.i sec.s smct 17.3 3.0 1923.2 320.5 Castrovillari 353 1950–2010 Me.po 26.7 73.3 mme.i shu.i smct 17.5 4.6 1831.8 297.8 Matera 401 1950–1999 Me.po 36.7 63.3 mme.i sec.s smct 18.2 3.1 1814.1 286.5 Altamura 461 1950–2010 Me.po 31.7 68.3 mme.s sec.s smct 18.4 3.2 1759.4 271.1 S. Giovanni Rotondo 557 1950–2010 Te.oc/sm 68.3 31.7 mte.i shu.s smct 17.9 5.0 1654.9 249.0 Moliterno (1) 879 1926–1987 Me.po sme hum.i smct 18.4 TERZI M., D’AMICO F. S. 92 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 1986) but, as claimed by Bernardo et al. (2011), and we agree with them, their distinction is diffi cult on the basis of the indicated diagnostic traits. A recent dissertation on the issue (Gonzalo et al. 2013) recognises only two subspecies of S. austroitalica, one (S. a. subsp. sicula) being endemic of Sicily. Following this last revision, all the records from the study area were referred to S. austroitalica subsp. aus- troitalica. For S. dasyvaginata, we referred to the revision of Moraldo (1986) who observed that when moving away from the locus classicus (Simbruini Mountains), it becomes diffi cult to fi nd the typical traits of the taxon. The taxonom- ic relationship between S. dasyvaginata and Stipa eriocau- lis Borbás subsp. eriocaulis is in fact uncertain and molecu- lar analyses are needed to clarify it (Gonzalo et al. 2013). For Koeleria, taxonomic nomenclature refers to the recent revision paper by Quintanar and Castroviejo (2013). For the phytosociological nomenclature, the rules of the 3rd edition of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN, Weber et al. 2000) were followed. Correct names of syntaxa were quoted throughout the text even if they replace other names commonly used in scien- tifi c literature. These latter were listed as synonyms in the syntaxonomic scheme below. Results Vegetation Grasslands dominated by Stipa austroitalica in the south-east of the Pollino Massif include some taxa that have been already considered diagnostic for Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitalicae (e.g., S. austroitalica, Thy- mus spinulosus Ten., Scorzonera villosa Scop. subsp. co- lumnae (Guss.) Nyman, Hippocrepis glauca Ten., Melica transsilvanica Schur subsp. transsilvanica) or have been re- corded with high frequencies in its communities, such as Bromopsis erecta (Huds.) Fourr., Koeleria splendens C. Presl, Teucrium capitatum L. subsp. capitatum, Anthyllis vulneraria L., Avena barbata Link, Eryngium campestre L., Galium corrudifolium Vill., Briza maxima L., Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy (cf. Terzi et al. 2010). The physiognomy of the phytocoenoses is mainly due to the high abundance-dominance value of S. austroitalica and other caespitose hemicryptophytes (B. erecta, Brachy- podium retusum (Pers.) P. Beauv., Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman) as well as chamaephytes, such as T. spinulosus, Euphorbia spinosa L. or T. capitatum subsp. capitatum. Notwithstanding the general fl oristic and structural sim- ilarities with other S. austroitalica communities, those from the Pollino area are fl oristically quite differentiated by some species, among which are the steno-endemic Bupleurum gussonei (Arcang.) Snogerup & B. Snogerup (cf. Snogerup and Snogerup 2001) and the south European Euphorbia rigida M. Bieb. These two species are considered as diag- nostic of the new association Bupleuro gussonei-Stipetum austroitalicae ass. nov. (Tab. 2, On-line Suppl. Tab. 1, rel. 1–16). E. rigida has been already considered as diagnostic for Euphorbion rigidae Brullo et Spampinato 1990 which develops in different ecological conditions, being typical of chamaephytic vegetation on incoherent substrata in hilly Tab. 2. The Bupleuro gussonei-Stipetum austroitalicae ass. nov. hoc loco: holotypus. Date and geographic coordinates: 19/05/2010, 39° 49’ 01’’, 16° 17’ 13’’ Altitude: 445 m a.s.l. Exposition: 290° Slope: 30 % Cover: 100 % Plot size: 100 m2 Species: Stipa austroitalica Martinovský subsp. austroitalica (5), Bromopsis erecta (Huds.) Fourr. (3), Brachypodium retusum (Pers.) P. Beauv. (2), Scorzonera villosa Scop. subsp. columnae (Guss.) Nyman (2), Thymus spinulosus Ten. (2), Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman (1), Festuca circummediterranea Patzke (1), Hypochaeris achyrophorus L. (1), Nigella damascena L. (1), Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev (1), Seseli tortuosum L. (1), Aira caryophyllea L. (+), Anagallis arvensis L. (+), Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski (+), Anthyllis vulneraria L. (+), Asterolinon linum-stellatum (L.) Duby (+), Avena barbata Link (+), Bellardia trixago (L.) All. (+), Briza maxima L. (+), Bromus intermedius Guss. (+), Bupleurum baldense Turra (+), Bupleurum gussonei (Arcang.) Snogerup & B. Snogerup (+), Campanula erinus L. (+), Carduus nutans L. subsp. perspinosus (Fiori) Arènes (+), Carlina corymbosa L. (+), Centaurea deusta Ten. (+), Centaurium erythraea Rafn (+), Cephalaria leucantha (L.) Roem. & Schult. (+), Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze subsp. glandulosum (Req.) Govaerts (+), Convolvulus cantabrica L. (+), Convolvulus elegantissimus Miller (+), Coronilla scorpioides (L.) W. D. J. Koch (+), Crepis rubra L. (+), Crupina crupinastrum (Moris) Vis. (+), Cytisus spinescens C. Presl (+), Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy (+), Echium vulgare L. (+), Elaeoselinum asclepium (L.) Bertol. (+), Eryngium amethystinum L. (+), Eryngium campestre L. (+), Erysimum pseudorhaeticum Polatschek (+), Euphorbia exigua L. (+), Euphorbia rigida M. Bieb. (+), Galium corrudifolium Vill. (+), Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. (+), Koeleria splendens C. Presl (+), Linum strictum s.l. (+), Linum tryginum L. (+), Malva cretica Cav. (+), Matthiola fruticulosa (L.) Maire (+), Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. (+), Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. subsp. fruticulosa (Bertol.) Guinea (+), Odontites luteus (L.) Clairv. (+), Ophrys tenthredinifera Willd. (+), Orchis coriophora L. (+), Ornithogalum montanum Cirillo (+), Phleum hirsutum Honck. subsp. ambiguum (Ten.) Tzvelev (+), Poa bulbosa L. (+), Polygala monspeliaca L. (+), Potentilla pedata Wild (+), Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth (+), Salvia verbenaca L. (+), Sanguisorba minor Scop. (+), Scandix pecten-veneris L. (+), Serapias vomeracea (Burm. f.) Briq. (+), Sherardia arvensis L. (+), Sixalix atropurpurea (L.) Greuter & Burdet (+), Stachys germanica L. subsp. salvifolia (Ten.) Gams (+), Stipa capensis Thunb. (+), Teucrium capitatum L. subsp. capitatum (+), Teucrium chamaedrys L. (+), Tragopogon porrifolius L. (+), Trifolium campestre Schreber (+), Trifolium scabrum L. subsp. scabrum (+), Trifolium stellatum L. (+), Trigonella gladiata M. Bieb. (+), Tyrimnus leucographus (L.) Cass. (+), Urospermum dalechampii (L.) F. W. Schmidt (+), Valeriana tuberosa L. (+), Valeriana tuberosa L. (+), Valerianella muricata (Stev. ex M. Bieb.) J.W. Loudon (+), Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. (+), Vulpia ciliata Dumort. (+), Xeranthemum inapertum (L.) Mill. (+). HIPPOCREPIDO-STIPION IN THE POLLINO MASSIF (ITALY) ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 93 and mountainous river valleys of Sicily and southern Italy (Brullo and Spampinato 1990). The Euphorbion rigidae has been classifi ed within the Thlaspietea rotundifolii Br.-Bl. 1948 (Scrophulario bicoloris-Helichrysetalia italici Brullo 1984) whose character species are rather rare or absent in Bupleuro-Stipetum, where E. rigida acts as a differential species. The new association describes the rocky pastures domi- nated by S. austroitalica, developing on calcareous substra- ta of the Pollino Massif, between nearly 300 and 800 m above sea level, under a semi-continental Mediterranean pluvioseasonal-oceanic bioclimate, in the meso-Mediterra- nean thermotype (Fig. 2, Tab. 1). These pastures are often juxtaposed with other xerother- mic grasslands dominated by Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf, with which they share many species. As a consequence, many frequent taxa of Bupleuro-Stipetum, and among them many annuals, are ingressives from Thero-Brachypodietea s.l. Their presence has been observed in nearly all the asso- ciations of Hippocrepido-Stipion and some of them can be considered as differential species of the alliance. Towards higher altitudes, the sociological importance of S. austroitalica decreases until it is substituted for by Stipa dasyvaginata subsp. apenninicola in quite different com- munities (On-line Suppl. Tab. 1, rel. 17–19) with Seseli tommasinii Rchb. f., Helictochloa versicolor (Vill.) Rome- ro Zarco subsp. praetutiana (Arcang.) Romero Zarco, Side- ritis italica (Mill.) Greuter & Burdet, Crepis lacera Ten., Cerastium tomentosum L., Euphorbia myrsinites L., Bra- chypodium rupestre (Host) Roem. & Schult. and others. These communities are clearly related to Cytiso spinescen- tis-Bromion erecti Bonin ex Bonin 1978. It is interesting to notice that some taxa that frequently inhabit the S. aus- troitalica grasslands on the Adriatic side of the Italian Pe- ninsula (e.g., Euphorbia myrsinites in the Acino-Stipetum of Murge, Sideritis italica in the Sideritido-Stipetum of Gargano) are rare or absent in Bupleuro-Stipetum while on the contrary they can be found in the upper vegetation belt. NMDS ordination The three-axis solution of the NMDS ordination at- tained a minimum stress of 14.83. The three axes explained nearly 80% of total variation, being 40.4%, 25.0% and 13.6% the proportion of variance represented by each axis respectively. Only the fi rst two axes are shown (Fig. 3) and discussed below. Axis 1 roughly represents an altitudinal gradient from the more xerothermic associations of lower altitude (Chamaeleono-Stipetum, Convolvulo-Stipetum, Cen- taureo-Andropogonetum, Stipo-Hyparrhenietum and Irido- Scorzoneretum), with a high percentage of steno-Mediterra- nean species, to associations of higher altitudes on the left, with a greater percentage of chamaephytes, Mediterranean Montane and European taxa (Anthemido-Stipetum, Sideriti- do-Stipetum, Stipo-Seslerietum and the relevés 17–19 of Tab. 2). Increasing altitude is also associated with a higher percentage of ‘eastern’ species (Fig. 3). The associations originally assigned to Hyparrhenietalia hirtae Rivas-Marti- nez 1978 (Brullo et al. 2001, Biondi and Guerra 2008, see also Terzi et al. 2010) are situated in the upper right hand side of the diagram. Among them, Cha maeleono-Stipetum is well differentiated for the low number of species, the very low percentage of therophytes and the highest amount of steno-Mediterranean taxa. In the central-lower part of the diagram, there are asso- ciations characterised by higher percentages of therophytes (except for Cardopato-Brometum, Tab. 3) and eury-Medi- terranean species (Polygalo-Stipetum, Chamaecytiso-Stipe- tum, Acino-Stipetum, Cardopato-Bromion, Bupleuro-Stipe- tum, Irido-Scorzoneretum and the Ephedra nebrodensis and Scorzonera villosa subsp. columnae community). The Bupleuro-Stipetum showed high percentage of both steno- and eury-Mediterranean taxa, on the whole at nearly 70% (Tab. 3). The association is among those with the high- est percentage of therophytes that roughly equals hemicryp- tophytes, followed by chamaephytes. Similar life-form spectra characterise also the other associations of the Hip- pocrepido-Stipion, such as the Acino-Stipetum of the Murge hill (Tab. 3). In few associations, such as Stipo-Seslerietum or Anthemido-Stipetum, hemicryptophytes are numerically dominant whereas chamaephytes increase and therophytes decrease. These associations share many species with the Cytiso-Bromion and mark the transition from the Hippo- crepido-Stipion to the upper vegetation belt. The same gen- eral pattern was also observed for the life-form spectra weighted with species cover values (data not shown). Fig. 3. Nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling ordination. The square symbols represent relevés of the Bupleuro-Stipetum aus- troitalicae, the circular ones those of the other associations. The relevés 17–19 of Tab. 2 are indicated by rhombus symbols. Filled squares/circles indicate the nomenclatural types of the associa- tions, whose abbreviations are written next to them (cf., Tab. 3). For the “Community with Ephedra nebrodensis and Scorzonera villosa subsp. columnae”, the abbreviation is placed next to the fi rst relevé of the original table (Di Pietro and Wagensommer 2008). Mes – steno-Mediterranean (r2 = 0.54), T – Therophytes (r2 = 0.35), Med – eury-Mediterranean (r2 = 0.33), Mon – Montane (r2 = 0.59), Eur – European (r2 = 0.48), Est – Eastern taxa (r2 = 0.34), Ch – Chamaephytes (r2 = 0.37), End – Endemics (r2 = 0.33). TERZI M., D’AMICO F. S. 94 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 From a bioclimatic standpoint, the bioclimate of Castro- villari turned out to be intermediate among those of Crispi- ano (province of Taranto), Matera and Altamura (province of Bari), except for the higher mean annual precipitations (Tab. 1). In fact, in the ordination diagram, the Bupleuro- Stipetum is placed near Chamaecytiso-Stipetum (Matera), Acino-Stipetum (NW-Murge, Altamura) and Cardopato- Bromion (Crispiano). The bioclimate of Reggio Calabria – in the south-west- ern part of the Italian Peninsula, where Chamaeleono-Sti- petum develops – stands out as the most Mediterranean, with a thermo-Mediterranean thermotype and a dry ombro- type. In the south of Gargano, at the same altitude, Man- fredonia, in the province of Foggia, shows a higher conti- nental tendency and a meso-Mediterranean thermotype and a subhumid ombrotype, highlighting the bioclimatic differ- ences between the eastern and western sides of the Italian Peninsula. Near Manfredonia and San Giovanni Rotondo, in the Gargano Promontory – where the bioclimate is sub- Mediterranean temperate – Sideritido-Stipetum and Stipo- Seslerietum were described. These two associations are placed in the ordination diagram near Anthemido-Stipetum, which develops near Moliterno, in the province of Potenza, under a Mediterranean climate within the supra-Mediterra- nean thermotype and humid ombrotype. In a nutshell, the represented associations develop along a bioclimatic gradient that goes from the bioclimates of Reggio Calabria and Manfredonia to those of Moliterno and S. Giovanni Rotondo. Discussion The presence within Bupleuro-Stipetum of numerous characters and frequent taxa of Hippocrepido glaucae- Stipion austroitalicae proves the ecological relationship be- tween the new association and the other ones already as- signed to the alliance. The relationship is also highlighted by the life-form and chorological standpoints (Fig. 3, Tab. 3). The alliance Hippocrepido-Stipion occupies a vegeta- tion belt intermediate between the thermo-Mediterranean vegetation of the class Thero-Brachypodietea s.l. and the typical Apennine vegetation of the Cytiso-Bromion (Festu- co-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944). This vegetation belt is well represented in the south-east of Italy (Murge and Gargano) while it is thinner and restricted to local patches west- and southwards. Bupleuro-Stipetum de- velops in the lower part of the gradient so that, together with species of Festuco-Brometea, such as Bromopsis erec- ta, Eryngium amethystinum and Koeleria splendens, it also includes many species from Thero-Brachypodietea s.l. The classifi cation within Hippocrepido-Stipion is due to the so- ciological role of species such as S. austroitalica, S. villosa subsp. columnae, T. spinulosus, H. glauca, that, especially in the south-east of Italy, show their preference for Festuco- Brometea. In fact, within other classes they lose their im- portance and are generally recorded with lower cover val- ues. Similar situations, intermediate between Thero-Brachy- podietea s.l. and Festuco-Brometea, have been observed Ta b. 3 . L ife fo rm s an d ch or ol og ic al s pe ct ra , w ei gh te d by s pe ci es fr eq ue nc y, o f t he a ss oc ia tio ns in cl ud ed in th e da ta s et . L ife fo rm s: C h – C ha m ae ph yt es ; G – G eo ph yt es ; H – H em ic ry pt op hy te s; P – P ha ne ro - ph yt es ; T – T he ro ph yt es . C ho ro ty pe s: A dr – C irc um -A dr ia tic ; A tl – A tla nt ic ; C br – C irc um bo re al ; E nd – E nd em ic ; E si – E ur os ib er ia n; E ua – E ur as ia tic ; E ur – E ur op ea n; M ea – M ed ite rr an ea n- A tla nt ic ; M ed – eu ry -M ed ite rr an ea n; M es – s te no -M ed ite rr an ea n; M on – M ed ite rr an ea n- M on ta ne ; P al – P al eo te m pe ra te ; W id – o th er ty pe s; E st – p er ce nt ag e of “ ea st er n” ta xa , a lre ad y in cl ud ed in th e pr ev io us ty pe s. A ss oc ia tio ns C od e L if e fo rm s (% ) C ho ro ty pe s (% ) E st (% ) C h G H P T A dr A tl C br E nd E si E ua E ur M ea M ed M es M on Pa l W id A ci no s ua ve ol en tis -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae A c- St 10 .5 8. 7 37 .7 1. 0 42 .1 0. 0 0. 1 0. 0 11 .6 2. 0 1. 4 5. 5 0. 2 36 .1 31 .1 4. 4 5. 8 1. 8 7. 5 A nt he m id o co lu m na e- St ip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae A n- St 22 .5 15 .0 50 .8 1. 3 10 .4 0. 8 1. 7 0. 4 12 .9 2. 1 7. 9 12 .9 0. 4 25 .4 10 .0 13 .3 10 .8 1. 3 11 .7 B up le ur o gu ss on ei -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae B u- St 10 .9 7. 4 38 .4 3. 3 40 .0 0. 9 0. 0 0. 0 8. 6 2. 4 0. 9 5. 5 1. 1 36 .0 33 .5 2. 7 5. 2 3. 0 8. 4 C ar do pa to c or ym bo si -B ro m et um e re ct i C a- B r 7. 3 12 .1 59 .3 3. 6 17 .7 0. 0 0. 8 0. 0 5. 2 3. 6 7. 3 9. 3 2. 4 40 .7 14 .1 3. 2 12 .5 0. 8 9. 7 C en ta ur eo -A nd ro po go ne tu m d is ta ch yi C e- A n 4. 6 16 .1 54 .0 0. 0 25 .3 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 19 .5 4. 6 1. 1 2. 3 0. 0 24 .1 31 .0 4. 6 11 .5 1. 1 6. 9 C ha m ae cy tis o sp in es ce nt is -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae C h- St 10 .9 6. 3 48 .0 1. 6 33 .2 3. 3 2. 0 0. 0 10 .9 0. 0 0. 3 10 .2 0. 7 29 .9 27 .0 4. 3 10 .5 1. 0 11 .2 C ha m ae le on o gu m m ife ri -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae C g- St 16 .0 17 .2 59 .5 1. 2 6. 1 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 9. 8 0. 6 0. 0 5. 5 0. 0 15 .3 58 .3 0. 0 4. 9 5. 5 0. 6 C on vo lv ul o el eg an tis si m i- St ip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae C o- St 8. 9 15 .7 45 .1 1. 3 28 .9 0. 9 0. 0 0. 0 14 .0 0. 9 0. 9 4. 3 1. 3 27 .7 35 .7 0. 9 9. 8 3. 8 7. 2 Ir id o ps eu do pu m ila e- Sc or zo ne re tu m c ol um na e Ir -S c 6. 1 13 .1 27 .5 4. 4 48 .9 0. 5 0. 0 0. 0 7. 6 0. 6 0. 8 3. 1 1. 5 37 .7 37 .7 0. 3 6. 4 3. 7 4. 7 P ha gn al o ill yr ic i- St ip et um fr en ta na e Ph -S t 21 .8 8. 6 44 .3 5. 2 20 .1 2. 3 0. 0 0. 0 10 .3 4. 0 0. 0 4. 6 0. 0 38 .5 29 .3 3. 4 5. 2 2. 3 6. 9 P ol yg al o m ed ite rr an ea e- St ip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae Po -S t 8. 2 6. 6 47 .5 1. 4 36 .3 0. 8 0. 0 0. 6 7. 8 3. 6 2. 1 8. 0 0. 7 37 .8 27 .0 2. 2 7. 5 1. 9 7. 5 Si de ri tid o ita lic ae -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae Si -S t 16 .8 12 .4 46 .4 0. 5 23 .9 0. 4 0. 0 0. 0 10 .6 2. 1 4. 6 12 .0 0. 9 29 .2 25 .0 7. 6 5. 7 1. 9 8. 0 St ip o au st ro ita lic ae -H yp ar rh en ie tu m h ir ta e St -H y 11 .3 14 .7 44 .1 2. 3 27 .7 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 10 .2 1. 7 0. 6 2. 3 0. 6 24 .3 46 .3 1. 1 7. 3 5. 6 4. 0 St ip o au st ro ita lic ae -S es le ri et um ju nc ifo lia e St -S e 29 .2 4. 6 55 .1 3. 2 7. 8 7. 0 1. 0 0. 0 19 .9 1. 0 3. 2 14 .1 0. 4 21 .9 12 .5 13 .3 3. 8 1. 8 17 .1 C om m un ity w ith E ph ed ra n eb ro de ns is a nd Sc or zo ne ra v ill os a su bs p. c ol um na e E p- Sc 6. 6 10 .7 21 .1 3. 7 57 .9 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 9. 1 2. 5 2. 9 3. 3 0. 0 39 .7 32 .6 1. 7 3. 3 5. 0 3. 7 HIPPOCREPIDO-STIPION IN THE POLLINO MASSIF (ITALY) ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 95 along the entire Mediterranean edge of Europe (Royer 1991, Apostolova et al. 2014, Pirini et al. 2014). In the western Mediterranean, Barbero and Loisel (1972) includ- ed these vegetation types within the Brachypodio-Brometa- lia Barbero et Loisel 1972 which in their opinion should replace the Balkan Scorzoneretalia villosae and its south- eastern vicariant, Astragalo onobrychidis-Potentilletalia Micevski 1971. The Brachypodio-Brometalia originally in- cluded two suborders: Astragalo-Festucenalia Barbero et Loisel 1972 and Brachypodienalia phoenicoidis (Braun- Blanquet ex Moliner 1934) Barbero et Loisel 1972. The lat- ter is more often considered with its original rank of order. The syntaxonomic positions of Scorzoneretalia villosae, Brachypodietalia phoenicoidis and Astragalo-Potentilleta- lia, have not been unanimously interpreted as they were classifi ed both within the Thero-Brachypodietea s.l. or Fes- tuco-Brometea. The ‘uncertain’ syntaxonomic position can be easily detected comparing many large scale revisions or synopses where the orders are placed in different classes (e.g., Blečić and Lakušić 1976, Lakušić et al. 1978, Royer 1991, Redžić 1999, Rodwel et al. 2002, Bardat et al. 2004, Trinajstić 2008, Biondi et al. 2014b). Moreover, the Scorzo- neretalia villosae was also divided into two orders that were arranged within Thero-Brachypodietea s.l. and Festu- co-Brometea respectively (Horvatić 1973). For the Adriatic side of the Balkan Peninsula, a third and intermediate class, called Brachypodio-Chrysopogone- tea Horvatić 1963, was proposed (Horvatić 1958, 1963). The same idea was then extended to the southern European margin under the illegitimate name Brachypodio-Brometea Barbero et Loisel 1972 nom. illeg. (art. 29c, Barbero and Loisel 1972, Terzi in press). However, this proposal has not been the subject of any wide consensus in more recent sci- entifi c literature. Some recent papers on the issue consid- ered the orders quoted above within Festuco-Brometea (Rodwell et al. 2002, Pirini et al. 2014, Apostolova et al. 2014, Terzi in press). In the south of Italy, Hippocrepido-Stipion was origi- nally classifi ed within Scorzoneretalia villosae and Festu- co-Brometea (cf. Fanelli et al. 2001, Forte et al. 2005). Therefore, it was separated at the order level from the Ap- ennine dry grasslands of the Cytiso-Bromion and instead ar- ranged within the Brometalia erecti Koch 1926 (Royer 1991, Biondi et al. 1995). Ubaldi (1997) proposed to dif- ferentiate the xeric grasslands of the Brometalia erecti with- in a new order that was validated some years later under the name Artemisio albae-Brometalia erecti Ubaldi ex Mucina et Denggler (Mucina et al. 2009). Other authors (Biondi and Galdenzi 2012), following the syntaxonomic arrange- ment of Bonin (1978), reunited both Hippocrepido-Stipion and Cytiso-Bromion (sub Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti Bi- ondi et al. ex Biondi et Galdenzi 2011 nom. illeg.) under the same order, Scorzoneretalia villosae. By contrast, Ubaldi (2011) assigned Hippocrepido-Stipion to Thero-Brachy- podietea s.l. and the Apennine grasslands to several new other orders and alliances, almost all invalidly described, of Festuco-Brometea. Summarising, the two Italian alliances, Hippocrepido-Stipion and Cytiso-Bromion, have been clas- sifi ed in two different classes (Ubaldi 2011), in different or- ders of Festuco-Brometea (Forte et al. 2005) or within the same Balkan order (Biondi and Galdenzi 2012). From the above, it is clear that a defi nitive syntaxonom- ic scheme should be obtained by a large scale study (yet lacking), at least on a European scale, which will clarify through modern statistical methods the fl oristic relation- ships among all the high rank syntaxa involved and evalu- ate the different interpretations given up to now. For the circum-Adriatic area, the preliminary results of a revision comparing Artemisio-Brometalia and Scorzoner- etalia villosae highlighted important differences in the fre- quencies of some species along the opposite side of the Adriatic Sea (Terzi and Di Pietro 2013). Moreover, taxa such as Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin., Festuca illyrica Markgr.-Dann., Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin, Stipa eriocaulis Borbás, Satureja subspicata Bartl., Scor- zonera villosa subsp. villosa are frequent or dominant in the sub-Mediterranean Balkan grasslands while others prevail on the Italian side (e.g., Festuca circummediterranea Patz- ke, Phleum hirsutum Honck. subsp. ambiguum (Ten.) Tzve- lev, S. austroitalica, Thymus spinulosus, Crepis lacera Ten., Sideritis italica (Mill.) Greuter & Burdet, Scorzonera villo- sa subsp. columnae) (see also Di Pietro and Wagensommer 2014). Despite some circum-Adriatic taxonomic similari- ties, that have been observed for a very long time, the pres- ence of many endemic taxa suggested a syntaxonomic scheme with three orders: with an endemic Italian peninsu- lar order differentiated from the Artemisio-Brometalia (Central Europe and NW Italy) and Scorzoneretalia vil- losae (Western Balkan and NE Italy) (Terzi and Di Pietro 2013). The Italian order would include at least the two alli- ances Cytiso-Bromion and Hippocrepido-Stipion. Similar observations led Biondi et al. (2014a) to defi ne a new en- demic order for the Italian Peninsula. However, to the best of our knowledge, the earlier available valid name for such an order is Euphorbietalia myrsinitidis Ubaldi 2011, where- as other names are to be listed as synonyms. The considerations given above led to an upgrade of the syntaxonomy and nomenclature currently used in the Ital- ian literature (cf. Biondi et al. 2014). The following scheme is here proposed: Class: Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944 Ord.: Euphorbietalia myrsinitidis Ubaldi 2011 [holotypus: Sideritidion italicae (Biondi, Ballelli, Allegrezza et Zucca- rello 1995) Ubaldi 2011; synonyms: Brometalia caprini Ubaldi 1997 nom. inval. (art. 2b, 3o), Festuco-Seslerietalia nitidae 2003 nom. inval. (art. 2b, 8), Asphodelino liburni- cae-Brometalia erecti Ubaldi 2011 nom. inval. (art. 2b), Phleo ambigui-Brometalia erecti Biondi, Allegrezza, Blasi et Galdenzi in Biondi, Allegrezza, Casavecchia, Galdenzi, Gasparri, Pesaresi, Vagge et Blasi 2014). All.: Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti Bonin ex Bonin 1978 (lectotypus: Lavandulo angustifoliae-Asphodelinetum luteae Bonin 1978; Synonyms: Cytiso-Bromion caprini Bo- nin in Barbero et Bonin 1969 nom. inval. (art. 2b, 3b), Cyti- so-Bromion caprini Bonin 1969 nom. inval. (art. 2b), Crep- ido lacerae-Phleion ambigui Biondi et Blasi 1982 nom. inval. (art. 3o), Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti Biondi et TERZI M., D’AMICO F. S. 96 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 Blasi ex Biondi, Ballelli, Allegrezza et Zuccarello 1995 nom. inval. (art. 30), Seslerio nitidae-Caricion macrolepi- dis Ubaldi 1997, Valeriano tuberosae-Festucion circum- mediterraneae Ubaldi 2003 nom. inval. (art. 8), Sideritidion italicae (Biondi et al. 1995) Ubaldi 2011, Knautio calyci- nae-Bromion caprini Ubaldi 2011 nom. inval. (art. 2b, 8), Violo pseudogracilis-Bromopsion caprini Terzi 2011, Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti Biondi, Balleli, Allegrezza et Zuc- carello ex Biondi et Galdenzi 2012) All.: Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitalicae Forte et Terzi 2005 in Forte, Perrino et Terzi 2005 [holotypus: Acino suaveolentis-Stipetum austroitalicae Forte et Terzi 2005 in Forte, Perrino et Terzi 2005] Ass.:Bupleuro gussonei-Stipetum austroitalicae ass. nov. hoc loco Nomenclature notes The name Cytiso-Bromion has been considered not ef- fectively published (art. 1) but at least the ‘tableaux et fi g- ures’ (tables and fi gures) of Bonin’s thesis were effectively published, given the indication of the ‘Centre Regional De Documentation Pedagogique – service d’Impression’ on their cover page (Bonin 1978, Di Pietro 2011). If the name Cytiso-Bromion was validated by Bonin (1978), most of the scientifi c literature that referred to it failed to provide the place of publication correctly. The earliest lectotypifi cation in accordance with the rules of ICPN gave the Lavandulo angustifoliae-Asphodelinetum luteae Bonin 1978 as lecto- typus of the alliance (Di Pietro 2011). Regarding the rank of order, the name Asphodelino liburnicae-Brometalia erecti Ubaldi 2011 nom. inval. was invalidly published be- cause of the lack of an unambiguous reference to the Cyti- so-Bromion (art. 2b, note 3). The Brometalia caprini Ubaldi 1997 nom. inval. was invalidly published for the lack of a nomenclatural type of the next subordinate principal rank (art. 17). The Festuco-Seslerietalia nitidae 2003 nom. inval. was instead not validly published for the lack of an unam- biguous reference to an earlier original diagnosis (art 2b) and because character, differential or diagnostic taxa were not explicitly indicated (art. 8). The last article can be quot- ed also for the invalid publication of the Valeriano tuberos- ae-Festucion circummediterraneae Ubaldi 2003 nom. in- val. and Knautio calycinae-Bromion caprini Ubaldi 2011 nom. inval. Some other valid alliance names are here con- sidered as syntaxonomic synonyms of the Cytiso-Bromion. However, some of them (e.g., Seslerio-Caricion) could be dealt with as autonomous alliances (cf. Terzi and Di Pietro 2013), depending on results of a more in-depth analysis of Italian peninsular grasslands vegetation. Conclusion The results obtained with this study extend the synrange of Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitalicae westwards up to the Pollino Massif where rocky pastures dominated by Stipa austroitalica were described by the new associa- tion Bupleuro gussonei-Stipetum austroitalicae. It seems reliable that the distribution area of the alliance is even wid- er, following the distribution area of its diagnostic species. Bupleuro-Stipetum was characterized by the predominance of Mediterranean taxa and nearly equal percentages of the- rophytes and hemicrytophytes. Similar life-form and choro- logical spectra were observed in other associations of Hip- pocrepido-Stipion. In the western part of the range, the ecological space of Hippocrepido-Stipion is scattered in lo- cal patches because it is compressed between the more xe- rothermic vegetation of Thero-Brachypodietea s.l. and the higher altitude vegetation of Cytiso-Bromion. Hippocrepi- d o-Stipion and Cytiso-Bromion are provisionally classifi ed within an endemic xerophytic order of the Italian Peninsula, whose correct name is Euphorbietalia myrsinitidis. None- theless, this paper highlighted the need for a syntaxonomic revision at European level of dry grassland vegetation at the southern border of the Festuco-Brometea to clarify the fl o- ristic relationships with the more xerothermic vegetation of Thero-Brachypodietea s.l. 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Ta b. 1 : T he B up le ur o gu ss on ei -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae a ss . n ov . h oc lo co (r el ev és 1 –1 6, h ol ot yp us re le vé s 3) ; v eg et at io n of th e C yt is o- B ro m io n (r el ev és 1 7– 19 ). R el ev és 1 2 3* 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A lti tu de (m a .s .l. ) 43 3 45 4 44 5 49 8 44 0 54 6 48 0 67 3 53 0 55 0 63 0 65 0 68 3 53 6 55 0 70 0 10 28 98 0 10 10 E xp os iti on (° ) 31 0 90 29 0 0 0 80 24 0 0 0 27 0 20 0 20 0 24 0 28 0 32 0 16 0 34 0 26 0 70 Sl op e (% ) 25 10 30 0 0 10 20 20 0 40 40 20 20 15 25 35 10 40 25 C ov er (% ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 95 10 0 90 90 10 0 95 90 95 10 0 75 90 70 80 10 0 95 90 Pl ot s iz e (m 2 ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 70 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 80 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 B up le ur o gu ss on ei -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae a ss . n ov . E up ho rb ia r ig id a M . B ie b. + + + + . 1 + + + + . + + + + + . . . B up le ur um g us so ne i ( A rc an g. ) S no ge ru p & B . S no ge ru p . . + 2 + + + . . + + 1 . 2 + + . . . H ip po cr ep id o gl au ca e- St ip io n au st ro ita lic ae St ip a au st ro ita lic a M ar tin ov sk ý su bs p. a us tr oi ta lic a 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 . . . C on vo lv ul us e le ga nt is si m us M ill er + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + . . + Th ym us s pi nu lo su s Te n. + + 2 . + + + + 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 + + 2 2 Sc or zo ne ra v ill os a Sc op . s ub sp . c ol um na e (G us s. ) N ym an 1 + 2 + + 2 + + . + + + + + 1 + . . . C re pi s ru br a L . + + + + + + + . 1 + + . . + + + . . + E up ho rb ia s pi no sa L . . . . 3 . 2 . + 2 . + 2 1 1 2 + . . . St ac hy s ge rm an ic a L . s ub sp . s al vi fo lia (T en .) G am s + + + + . + + . . + . + . . + + . . . R ha m nu s sa xa til is J ac q. s ub sp . i nf ec to ri a (L .) P. F ou rn . + . . + . . . . + + + + . 1 + + . . . H ip po cr ep is g la uc a Te n. . . . + + . . + + . + + + + + . . 2 1 A sp ho de lu s m ac ro ca rp us P ar l. . . . . . 3 . . 3 1 1 + . 2 2 + . . . M el ic a tr an ss ilv an ic a Sc hu r s ub sp . t ra ns si lv an ic a . . . . . . . + + 1 + + . + 2 1 . . + P ol yg al a m on sp el ia ca L . + 1 + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . C ar du us n ut an s L . s ub sp . p er sp in os us (F io ri ) A rè ne s + + + + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . P ot en til la d et om m as ii Te n. . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 O no sm a ec hi oi de s (L .) L . s ub sp . a ng us tif ol ia (L eh m .) Pe ru zz i & N . G . P as sa l. . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . O no br yc hi s ae qu id en ta ta (S m .) d’ U rv . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C yt is o sp in es ce nt is -B ro m io n er ec ti St ip a da sy va gi na ta M ar tin ov sk y su bs p. a pe nn in ic ol a M ar tin ov sk y & M or al do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 Sc ab io sa h ol os er ic ea B er to l. . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + 1 + Si de ri tis it al ic a (M ill .) G re ut er & B ur de t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + H el ic to ch lo a ve rs ic ol or (V ill .) R om er o Z ar co s ub sp . p ra et ut ia na (A rc an g. ) R om er o Z ar co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + P ol yg al a m aj or J ac q. . . . + . . . 1 . . . . . . . . + + + Se se li to m m as in ii R ch b. f. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + 1 TERZI M., D’AMICO F. S. ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 R el ev és 1 2 3* 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A lti tu de (m a .s .l. ) 43 3 45 4 44 5 49 8 44 0 54 6 48 0 67 3 53 0 55 0 63 0 65 0 68 3 53 6 55 0 70 0 10 28 98 0 10 10 E xp os iti on (° ) 31 0 90 29 0 0 0 80 24 0 0 0 27 0 20 0 20 0 24 0 28 0 32 0 16 0 34 0 26 0 70 Sl op e (% ) 25 10 30 0 0 10 20 20 0 40 40 20 20 15 25 35 10 40 25 C ov er (% ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 95 10 0 90 90 10 0 95 90 95 10 0 75 90 70 80 10 0 95 90 Pl ot s iz e (m 2 ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 70 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 80 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 H el ia nt he m um o el an di cu m (L .) D um . C ou rs . s ub sp . i nc an um (W ill k. ) G . L óp ez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 H el ic hr ys um it al ic um (R ot h) G . D on . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 C er as tiu m to m en to su m L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . + P te ri di um a qu ili nu m (L .) K uh n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + C re pi s la ce ra T en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . A sp ho de lin e lu te a (L .) R ch b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + Lo m el os ia c re na ta (C ir ill o) G re ut er & B ur de t . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . E up ho rb ie ta lia m yr si ni tid is K oe le ri a sp le nd en s C . P re sl + . + . . + . 4 + + + 3 1 + 1 . 2 1 + C ep ha la ri a le uc an th a (L .) R oe m . & S ch ul t. . . + . . . . + 2 . + 1 . 1 1 1 + . . C en ta ur ea d eu st a Te n. + . + + . + . + + . . . . + + . + . . C yt is us s pi ne sc en s C . P re sl + + + 2 3 . . + . . . . 2 . . . . 2 . A sp ho de lin e lib ur ni ca (S co p. ) R ch b. . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 2 + . 1 . 1 + F es tu ca c ir cu m m ed ite rr an ea P at zk e 2 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 P hl eu m h ir su tu m H on ck . s ub sp . a m bi gu um (T en .) T zv el ev . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . 3 1 + E la eo se lin um a sc le pi um (L .) B er to l. + . + . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . + E ry si m um p se ud or ha et ic um P ol at sc he k + + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Se du m o ch ro le uc um C ha ix s ub s. m ed ite rr an eu m G al lo . . . . . + . . . + . . + . . . + . . A et hi on em a sa xa til e (L .) W . T . A ito n . . . . . . + . . + . . + . . . + . . E up ho rb ia m yr si ni te s L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + M at th io la fr ut ic ul os a (L .) M ai re + . + . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . P im pi ne lla tr ag iu m V ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 . Th ym us s tr ia tu s V ah l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . Ju ri ne a m ol lis (L .) R ch b. . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . A ly ss um d iff us um T en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . Li na ri a pu rp ur ea (L .) M ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . F es tu co -B ro m et ea Sa ng ui so rb a m in or S co p. 2 + + . + 1 + + 1 + + 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 1 Te uc ri um c ap ita tu m L . s ub sp . c ap ita tu m + + + + + + + 1 + + + 2 1 1 1 + . + 1 2 HIPPOCREPIDO-STIPION IN THE POLLINO MASSIF (ITALY) ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 R el ev és 1 2 3* 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A lti tu de (m a .s .l. ) 43 3 45 4 44 5 49 8 44 0 54 6 48 0 67 3 53 0 55 0 63 0 65 0 68 3 53 6 55 0 70 0 10 28 98 0 10 10 E xp os iti on (° ) 31 0 90 29 0 0 0 80 24 0 0 0 27 0 20 0 20 0 24 0 28 0 32 0 16 0 34 0 26 0 70 Sl op e (% ) 25 10 30 0 0 10 20 20 0 40 40 20 20 15 25 35 10 40 25 C ov er (% ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 95 10 0 90 90 10 0 95 90 95 10 0 75 90 70 80 10 0 95 90 Pl ot s iz e (m 2 ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 70 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 80 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 G al iu m c or ru di fo liu m V ill . + + + 2 + 1 1 . + + + + + + 1 + + + + B ro m op si s er ec ta (H ud s. ) F ou rr . 3 3 3 2 4 . + + . 2 2 4 2 3 3 2 4 4 5 P et ro rh ag ia s ax ifr ag a (L .) L in k ss p. g as pa rr in ii (G us s. ) G re ut er & B ur de t . + . + + . 1 + + + 1 + + + 1 1 1 + + A nt hy lli s vu ln er ar ia L . + . + + + + 1 3 . + . . + 1 + + 4 3 2 P hl om is h er ba -v en ti L . + 2 . + + . + . + + 1 1 1 + + + . . . E ry ng iu m c am pe st re L . . 1 + 2 + + 1 . + + 2 + . . + . . . + Te uc ri um c ha m ae dr ys L . + + + + . . + . . + . . + + + + . + + E ry ng iu m a m et hy st in um L . + . + + . + . 1 + . . . . . + . 1 1 1 C on vo lv ul us c an ta br ic a L . . + + + + 2 1 . + . + . . . . + . . . D ia nt hu s lo ng ic au lis T en . . . . . . . . + . 1 . + + + + + . + + C ar ex fl ac ca S ch re b. s ub sp . s er ru la ta (S pr en g. ) G re ut er . 1 . + 2 . + . . . . 1 . + + . . . 1 Tr ag op og on p or ri fo liu s L . + + + + + + . . . . + . . + . . . . . A na ca m pt is p yr am id al is (L .) R ic h. + + . + . + 1 . . . . . . . . . + + . Se ra pi as v om er ac ea (B ur m . f .) B ri q. + + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . P ot en til la p ed at a W ild . + + + . . + . . . . 1 . . + . . . . O rc hi s co ri op ho ra L . + + + . + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . P la nt ag o ho lo st eu m S co p. . . . . . . . 2 . . + + . . . . + 1 . O no ni s pu si lla L . . . . . + . . + . . . . + + . . . + . A sp er ul a ar is ta ta L . f s ub sp . s ca br a (J . P re sl & C . P re sl ) N ym an . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + + + . . H el ia nt he m um a pe nn in um (L .) M ill . s ub sp . a pe nn in um . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 2 2 B ra ch yp od iu m r up es tr e (H os t) R oe m . & S ch ul t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 2 + Se du m a m pl ex ic au le D C . s ub sp . t en ui fo liu m (S m . I n Si bt h. & S m .) G re ut er . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 . + Li nu m te nu ifo liu m L . . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . + . Lo tu s co rn ic ul at us L . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . + . . M ed ic ag o fa lc at a L . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C lin op od iu m a ci no s (L .) K un tz e . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . Si le ne o tit es (L .) W ib el . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . H yp oc ha er is c re te ns is (L .) B or y & C ha ub . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . A ra bi s hi rs ut a (L .) Sc op . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . 3 TERZI M., D’AMICO F. S. 4 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 R el ev és 1 2 3* 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A lti tu de (m a .s .l. ) 43 3 45 4 44 5 49 8 44 0 54 6 48 0 67 3 53 0 55 0 63 0 65 0 68 3 53 6 55 0 70 0 10 28 98 0 10 10 E xp os iti on (° ) 31 0 90 29 0 0 0 80 24 0 0 0 27 0 20 0 20 0 24 0 28 0 32 0 16 0 34 0 26 0 70 Sl op e (% ) 25 10 30 0 0 10 20 20 0 40 40 20 20 15 25 35 10 40 25 C ov er (% ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 95 10 0 90 90 10 0 95 90 95 10 0 75 90 70 80 10 0 95 90 Pl ot s iz e (m 2 ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 70 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 80 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 Th ym us lo ng ic au lis C . P re sl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . Te uc ri um m on ta nu m L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . E up hr as ia s tr ic ta J . F . L eh m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . E ch in op s ri tr o L . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . P ol yg al a ni ca ee ns is W .D .J . K oc h s. l. . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . St ac hy s he ra cl ea A ll. . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . St ac hy s re ct a L . s ub sp . l ab io sa (B er to l.) B ri q. . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . St ac hy s of fi c in al is (L .) Tr ev is . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . O rc hi s m or io L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . M ed ic ag o lu pu lin a L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . Se ra pi as c or di ge ra L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . H yp oc ha er is r ad ic at a L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + Tr ifo liu m p ra te ns e L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . P ilo se lla p ilo se llo id es (V ill .) So já k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . H im an to gl os su m h ir ci nu m (L .) Sp re ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . Va le ri an a tu be ro sa L . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R hi na nt hu s al ec to ro lo ph us (S co p. ) P ol lic h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . Ly ge o- St ip et ea D ac ty lis g lo m er at a L . s ub sp . h is pa ni ca (R ot h) N ym an 1 1 1 1 + + + . 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + . . + B ra ch yp od iu m re tu su m (P er s. ) P . B ea uv . + . 2 + 2 . 2 1 1 2 1 + 2 2 2 2 . . . Si xa lix a tr op ur pu re a (L .) G re ut er & B ur de t + + + + + . . + . . + + + + + + . + + M ic ro m er ia g ra ec a (L .) B en th . + + + . . + . + + + . . . . 1 1 + + + H yp ar rh en ia h ir ta (L .) St ap f . 2 . 2 2 2 1 + + + + . . . . 2 . . . D ri m ia p an cr at io n (S te in h. ) J . C . M an ni ng & G ol db la tt . + . + + . + . + + + . . + + + . . . U ro sp er m um d al ec ha m pi i ( L .) F. W . S ch m id t + 1 + 1 . + + + . . . + . . . . . . . B itu m in ar ia b itu m in os a (L .) C . H . S tir t. . . . + 1 2 2 . + . + . . . . + . . . P al le ni s sp in os a (L .) C as s. s ub sp . s pi no sa . + . + . + + . . . . + + . . + . . . A m pe lo de sm os m au ri ta ni cu s (P oi r.) T . D ur an d & S ch in z . . . . + . + . . . . . . . + . . . . C lin op od iu m n ep et a (L .) K un tz e su bs p. g la nd ul os um (R eq .) G ov ae rt s . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HIPPOCREPIDO-STIPION IN THE POLLINO MASSIF (ITALY) ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 R el ev és 1 2 3* 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A lti tu de (m a .s .l. ) 43 3 45 4 44 5 49 8 44 0 54 6 48 0 67 3 53 0 55 0 63 0 65 0 68 3 53 6 55 0 70 0 10 28 98 0 10 10 E xp os iti on (° ) 31 0 90 29 0 0 0 80 24 0 0 0 27 0 20 0 20 0 24 0 28 0 32 0 16 0 34 0 26 0 70 Sl op e (% ) 25 10 30 0 0 10 20 20 0 40 40 20 20 15 25 35 10 40 25 C ov er (% ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 95 10 0 90 90 10 0 95 90 95 10 0 75 90 70 80 10 0 95 90 Pl ot s iz e (m 2 ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 70 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 80 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 H el ia nt he m et ea g ut ta ti Tr ifo liu m c am pe st re S ch re be r + + + + + + + . + + + + + + + + 1 . 1 H yp oc ha er is a ch yr op ho ru s L . 1 + 1 + + 1 + . + + + . + + + + . . . B ri za m ax im a L . + + + + . + + . + + + . + + + + . . . Li nu m s tr ic tu m s .l. + + + + + + + + . . 1 . + + 1 . . . . C at ap od iu m r ig id um (L .) C . E . H ub b. + + . + . + + . + + + . + + 1 + . . . Li nu m tr yg in um L . . + + . + . . + . + + + + . . 1 . . . Tr ifo liu m s te lla tu m L . + + + + + . + . . . . . . + . . + . . E up ho rb ia e xi gu a L . + + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . F ila go p yr am id at a L . + + . . . . + . . . . . + + + . . . + A st er ol in on li nu m -s te lla tu m (L .) D ub y + + + . + 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . H el ia nt he m um s al ic ifo liu m (L .) M ill . + + . + + . . . . + . . . . + . . . . O no ni s re cl in at a L . . + . . . . . + . + + . . . + + . . . M ed ic ag o m in im a (L .) L . . . . + + + + . + . . . . . . . . . + O no br yc hi s ca pu t- ga lli (L .) L am . . + . + + . . . + . . . . . + + . . . A ir a ca ry op hy lle a L . + + + . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + Si de ri tis ro m an a L . s ub sp . r om an a . . . . . + . . + + . . . . . + . . + C re pi s ne gl ec ta L . s ub sp . n eg le ct a 2 . . . . + + . + . . . . . . . . . . Tr ac hy ni a di st ac hy a (L .) L in k . . . . . + . . + . . . + . 1 . . . . C ru pi na v ul ga ri s C as s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + + + . Lo tu s or ni th op od io id es L . . . . + . . + . . . + . . . . + . . . P la nt ag o be lla rd ii A ll. + + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . A ly ss um s im pl ex R ud ol ph i . . . . . . + . . + + . . . . . . . . Vu lp ia m yu ro s (L .) C . C . G m el . . . . . . . . . . + . . + + . . . . . Sc or pi ur us m ur ic at us L . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . La gu ru s ov at us L . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H ip po cr ep is b ifl or a Sp re ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . H ip po cr ep is c ili at a W ill d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . Tr ig on el la m on sp el ia ca L . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 TERZI M., D’AMICO F. S. ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 R el ev és 1 2 3* 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A lti tu de (m a .s .l. ) 43 3 45 4 44 5 49 8 44 0 54 6 48 0 67 3 53 0 55 0 63 0 65 0 68 3 53 6 55 0 70 0 10 28 98 0 10 10 E xp os iti on (° ) 31 0 90 29 0 0 0 80 24 0 0 0 27 0 20 0 20 0 24 0 28 0 32 0 16 0 34 0 26 0 70 Sl op e (% ) 25 10 30 0 0 10 20 20 0 40 40 20 20 15 25 35 10 40 25 C ov er (% ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 95 10 0 90 90 10 0 95 90 95 10 0 75 90 70 80 10 0 95 90 Pl ot s iz e (m 2 ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 70 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 80 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 O th er s pe ci es C ar lin a co ry m bo sa L . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + . . + . B el la rd ia tr ix ag o (L .) A ll. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + . . . B up le ur um b al de ns e Tu rr a . + + + . . + . 1 + + + + + 3 + + + + C ru pi na c ru pi na st ru m (M or is ) V is . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + . . . . + Av en a ba rb at a L in k + + + + + + . . + + 2 + . + + + . . + R ei ch ar di a pi cr oi de s (L .) R ot h + . + . + + + . + + . + + + + + . . + Sh er ar di a ar ve ns is L . + + + + + + + . + . . . + + + + . . + Ty ri m nu s le uc og ra ph us (L .) C as s. + + + + + . + . . + + + + + + + . . . N ig el la d am as ce na L . + 1 1 + + . + . + + + . . . + + . . . Tr ifo liu m s ca br um L . s ub sp . s ca br um . + + + + . + . + . + . . . + + + . + E ch iu m v ul ga re L . + . + + + . . . + + . . + + + + . . + D as yp yr um v ill os um (L .) P. C an da rg y + + + 1 + . + . + + + . . . . . . . + To rd yl iu m a pu lu m L . . + . + . + + . + + + + . + + . . . . Tr iti cu m o va tu m (L .) R as pa il . . . + + + + . . . + + . . + . . + + A sp ar ag us a cu tif ol iu s L . + + . . + + + . . + + . . . + + . . . M ic ro m er ia g ra ec a (L .) B en th . s ub sp . f ru tic ul os a (B er to l.) G ui ne a + . + + . + + . . . + + + + . . . . . P is ta ci a te re bi nt hu s L . s ub sp . t er eb in th us . + . + + + . . 1 + . . . 2 . + . . . Vu lp ia c ili at a D um or t. 1 . + 1 + + + . . . + . . . + . . . . C en ta ur iu m e ry th ra ea R af n + + + . . + . . . . . 1 + . . . . + + Th es iu m h um ifu su m D C . 1 . . + 1 . 1 + . . . + . + . . . . . Se se li to rt uo su m L . + + 1 . . + . . . . + . . + + . . . . A na ga lli s ar ve ns is L . + + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . C or on ill a sc or pi oi de s (L .) W . D . J . K oc h + . + . + + 2 . . . . . . . + . . . . A ni sa nt ha m ad ri te ns is (L .) N ev sk i + 1 + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . M ed ic ag o di sc ifo rm is D C . . + . 1 + + + . . . + . . . . . . . . G as tr id iu m v en tr ic os um (G ou an ) S ch in z & T he ll. + . + . . . . . . + . + . + + . . . . Tr ig on el la g la di at a M . B ie b. + . + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . B ro m us in te rm ed iu s G us s. + + + . + . . . . . + + . . . . . . . 6 HIPPOCREPIDO-STIPION IN THE POLLINO MASSIF (ITALY) ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 R el ev és 1 2 3* 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A lti tu de (m a .s .l. ) 43 3 45 4 44 5 49 8 44 0 54 6 48 0 67 3 53 0 55 0 63 0 65 0 68 3 53 6 55 0 70 0 10 28 98 0 10 10 E xp os iti on (° ) 31 0 90 29 0 0 0 80 24 0 0 0 27 0 20 0 20 0 24 0 28 0 32 0 16 0 34 0 26 0 70 Sl op e (% ) 25 10 30 0 0 10 20 20 0 40 40 20 20 15 25 35 10 40 25 C ov er (% ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 95 10 0 90 90 10 0 95 90 95 10 0 75 90 70 80 10 0 95 90 Pl ot s iz e (m 2 ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 70 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 80 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 C yn os ur us e ch in at us L . . . . + + + . . + . + . . . + . . . . C ar do pa tiu m c or ym bo su m (L .) Pe rs . . 1 . + + . . . . . + 3 . . . . . . . O do nt ite s lu te us (L .) C la ir v. . . + + + + . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . P oa b ul bo sa L . + . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . + + . O rn ith og al um m on ta nu m C ir ill o + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St ip a ca pe ns is T hu nb . . 1 + + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . C ar th am us la na tu s L . . . . + . . . . . . 1 + . + . . . . . O ph ry s te nt hr ed in ife ra W ill d. 1 + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A lli um s ph ae ro ce ph al on L . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . + + . . . P la nt ag o se rr ar ia L . + + . . . . + . . . . + . . . . . . . Tr ifo liu m a ng us tif ol iu m L . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . + + . . . B la ck st on ia p er fo lia ta (L .) H ud s. . + . . . + . + . . . . + . . . . . . Sa lv ia v er be na ca L . . + + . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . A lth ea h ir su ta L . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . + + . . . C am pa nu la e ri nu s L . . + + . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . P til os te m on s te lla tu s (L .) G re ut er . . . . . . . . . + + + + . . . . . . F um an a th ym ifo lia (L .) Sp ac h ex W eb b . . . + . . . 3 + . . . . . . . . . . R os tr ar ia c ri st at a (L .) T zv el ev 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A lli um s ub hi rs ut um L . 1 . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . K la se a fl a ve sc en s (L .) H ol ub . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . + . . . . . A ch na th er um b ro m oi de s (L .) P. B ea uv . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . + + . . . Vu lp ia m ur al is (K un th ) N ee s . 1 . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + G yp so ph ila a rr os tii G us s. . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 1 . . . H yp er ic um p er fo ra tu m L . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . + U ro sp er m um p ic ro id es (L .) F. W . S ch m id t . + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Li nu m b ie nn e M ill . + . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . D or yc ni um h ir su tu m (L .) Se r. . . . + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . O sy ri s al ba L . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . . . . . . X er an th em um in ap er tu m (L .) M ill . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + 7 TERZI M., D’AMICO F. S. ACTA BOT. CROAT. 75 (1), 2016 R el ev és 1 2 3* 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A lti tu de (m a .s .l. ) 43 3 45 4 44 5 49 8 44 0 54 6 48 0 67 3 53 0 55 0 63 0 65 0 68 3 53 6 55 0 70 0 10 28 98 0 10 10 E xp os iti on (° ) 31 0 90 29 0 0 0 80 24 0 0 0 27 0 20 0 20 0 24 0 28 0 32 0 16 0 34 0 26 0 70 Sl op e (% ) 25 10 30 0 0 10 20 20 0 40 40 20 20 15 25 35 10 40 25 C ov er (% ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 95 10 0 90 90 10 0 95 90 95 10 0 75 90 70 80 10 0 95 90 Pl ot s iz e (m 2 ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 70 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 80 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 C ar du us n ut an s L . s ub sp . n ut an s . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + + A sp le ni um c et er ac h L . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . + . . Sp ar tiu m ju nc eu m L . . . . . + . . . . + . + . . . . . . . Lo nc om el os n ar bo ne ns is (T or n. in L .) R af . . . . + . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . Sp or ad ic s pe ci es 4 4 5 5 3 4 3 1 1 7 6 4 4 1 2 1 8 2 3 Sp or ad ic s pe ci es : A ju ga c ha m ae pi ty s G us s. 1 3 (+ ); A lli um fl av um L . 1 3 (+ ); A m m oi de s pu si lla (B ro t.) B re is tr. 1 9 (+ ); A nt he m is a rv en si s L . 1 1 (+ ); A sp ho de lu s al bu s M ill . 1 (+ ); 1 2 (+ ); A st ra ga lu s se sa - m eu s L . 7 (1 ); 9 (+ ); B el lis p er en ni s L . 1 8 (+ ); C is tu s cr et ic us L . s ub sp . e ri oc ep ha lu s (V iv .) G re ut er & B ur de t 8 (1 ); C is tu s m on sp el ie ns is L . 6 (+ ); 1 4 (+ ); C le m at is fl am m ul a L . 5 (+ ); C ra ta eg us m on og yn a Ja cq . 1 9 (+ ); C re pi s fo et id a L . 6 (+ ); 1 5 (+ ); C ru ci an el la a ng us tif ol ia L . 1 7 (+ ); C yn og lo ss um c he ir ifo liu m L . s ub sp . c he ir ifo liu m 2 (+ ); D el ph in iu m h al te ra tu m S m . s ub sp . h al te ra tu m 1 (+ ); D ia nt hu s br ac hy ca ly x H ue t e x B ac ch et ta , B ru llo , C as ti et G iu ss o 17 (+ ); E up ho rb ia p ep lu s L . 1 (+ ); G er op og on h yb ri du s (L .) Sc h. B ip . 4 (+ ); H ed yp no is r ha ga di ol oi de s (L .) F. W . S ch m id t 6 (+ ); H es pe ri s la ci ni at a A ll. 1 7 (+ ); K na ut ia in te gr ifo lia (L .) B er to l. 1 (+ ); 3 (+ ); L eo nt od on ro sa ni i ( Te n. ) D C . 1 1 (+ ); L om el os ia b ra ch ia ta (S m .) G re ut er & B ur de t 4 (+ ); 5 (+ ); M al op e m al ac oi de s L . 1 1 (+ ); 1 2 (+ ); M al va c re tic a C av . 3 (+ ); M ar ru bi um v ul ga re L . 1 (+ ); 1 3 (+ ); M ed ic ag o ri gi du la (L .) A ll. 2 (+ ); 4 (+ ); M el ic a ci lia ta L . 4 (+ ); O do nt ite s vu lg ar is M oe nc h 17 (+ ); O no ni s na tr ix L . 1 1 (+ ); 12 (+ ); O ri ga nu m v ul ga re L . 1 2 (+ ); P ar en tu ce lli a vi sc os a (L .) C ar ue l 1 8 (+ ); P ic ri s hi er ac io id es L . 1 1 (+ ); P is ta ci a le nt is cu s L . 1 5 (+ ); 1 6 (+ ); P la nt ag o af ra L . 1 1 (2 ); P la nt ag o la nc eo la ta L . 1 7 (+ ); Sa lv ia p ra te ns is L . s .l. 2 (+ ); S ca nd ix p ec te n- ve ne ri s L . 3 (+ ); 1 7 (+ ); S co rz on er a hi rs ut a L . 1 (+ ); S co rz on er a hi sp an ic a su bs p. n ea po lit an a (G ra nd e) G re ut er 1 (+ ); 4 (+ ); S ed um a cr e L . 1 7 (+ ); S ed um da sy ph yl lu m L . 1 (+ ); S ile ne n oc tu rn a 6 (+ ); S ile ne v ul ga ri s (M oe nc h) G ar ck e 1 (+ ); T ha lic tr um m in us L . 1 (+ ); 1 3 (+ ); T or ili s no do sa (L .) G ae rt n. 2 (+ ); T ri po di on te tr ap hy llu m (L .) Fo ur r. 5 (+ ); 7 (+ ); Va le ri an a tu be ro sa L . 3 (+ ); V al er ia ne lla m ur ic at a (S te v. e x M . B ie b. ) J .W . L ou do n 3 (+ ); V er ba sc um m ac ru ru m T en . 1 (+ ); 1 9 (+ ); V ic ia c ra cc a L . 1 7 (+ ); V ic ia s at iv a L . 7 (+ ); V in ce to xi cu m h ir un di - na ri a M ed ik . 3 (+ ). O n- lin e Su pp l. A pp en di x 1: D at e an d ge og ra ph ic c oo rd in at es o f r el ev és in th e O n- lin e Su pp l. Ta b. 1 : R el . 1 , 1 9/ 05 /2 01 0, 3 9° 4 9’ 0 8’ ’, 16 ° 17 ’ 1 6’ ’; R el . 2 , 1 9/ 05 /2 01 0, 3 9° 4 9’ 0 6’ ’, 16 ° 17 ’ 1 8’ ’; R el . 3 , 19 /0 5/ 20 10 , 3 9° 4 9’ 0 1’ ’, 16 ° 17 ’ 1 3’ ’; R el . 4 , 1 9/ 05 /2 01 0, 3 9° 4 9’ 1 6’ ’, 16 ° 18 ’ 3 6’ ’; R el . 5 , 1 9/ 05 /2 01 0, 3 9° 4 9’ 1 7’ ’, 16 ° 17 ’ 4 1’ ’; R el . 6 , 1 9/ 05 /2 01 0, 3 9° 5 0’ 1 7’ ’, 16 ° 10 ’ 5 1’ ’; R el . 7 , 1 8/ 05 /2 01 0, 3 9° 49 ’ 3 8’ ’, 16 ° 16 ’ 4 6’ ’; R el . 8 , 2 6/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 0’ 1 5’ ’, 16 ° 08 ’ 0 5’ ’; R el . 9 , 2 6/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 0’ 0 4’ ’, 16 ° 10 ’ 4 6’ ’; R el . 1 0, 2 5/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 0’ 3 8’ ’, 16 ° 12 ’ 4 ’’; R el . 1 1, 2 5/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 0’ 3 5’ ’, 16 ° 12 ’ 21 ’’; R el . 1 2, 2 5/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 0’ 3 6’ ’, 16 ° 12 ’ 2 2’ ’; R el . 1 3, 2 5/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 0’ 5 1’ ’, 16 ° 12 ’ 3 2’ ’; R el . 1 4, 2 5/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 0’ 3 6’ ’, 16 ° 11 ’ 0 3’ ’; R el . 1 5, 2 4/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 0’ 2 9’ ’, 16 ° 11 ’ 2 8’ ’; R el . 1 6, 24 /0 6/ 20 09 , 3 9° 5 0’ 3 5’ ’, 16 ° 11 ’ 2 1’ ’; R el . 1 7, 2 5/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 1’ 3 9’ ’, 16 ° 05 ’ 5 3’ ’; R el . 1 8, 2 6/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 2’ 4 1’ ’, 16 ° 02 ’ 5 5’ ’; R el . 1 9, 2 6/ 06 /2 00 9, 3 9° 5 2’ 3 7’ ’, 16 ° 03 ’ 0 0’ ’. O n- lin e Su pp l. A pp en di x 2: R el ev és a nd a ss oc ia tio ns in cl ud ed in th e da ta se t: Ta b. 2 fr om F an el li et a l. (2 00 1: S id er iti do it al ic ae -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae ); T ab . 9 6 fr om B ru llo e t a l. (2 00 1: C ha m ae le on o gu m m ife ri -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae ); T ab . 3 a nd 4 fr om F or te e t a l. (2 00 5: A ci no s ua ve ol en tis -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae a nd C ha m ae cy tis o sp in es ce nt is -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae ); T ab . 1 3, 1 4, 1 5 an d 16 fr om B io nd i a nd G ue rr a (2 00 8: C on vo lv ul o el eg an tis si m i- St ip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae , C ar do pa to c or ym bo si -B ro m et um e re ct i, C en ta ur eo a pu la e- A nd ro po go n e tu m d is ta ch yi a nd S tip o au st ro ita lic ae -H yp ar rh en i- et um h ir ta e) ; T ab . 4 (r el . 1 -7 ) f ro m D i P ie tr o an d W ag en so m m er (2 00 8, p . 1 96 : “ A gg r. a E ph ed ra n eb ro de ns is e S co rz on er a vi llo sa s ub sp . c ol um na e” ); T ab . 2 fr om T er zi e t a l. (2 01 0: P ol yg al o m ed ite r- ra ne ae -S tip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae , I ri do p se ud op um ila e- Sc or zo ne re tu m c ol um na e an d P ha gn al o ill yr ic i- St ip et um fr en ta na e) ; T ab . 1 f ro m D i P ie tr o an d W ag en so m m er ( 20 14 : S tip o au st ro ita lic ae -S es le ri - et um ju nc ifo lia e) ; T ab . 1 1 fr om F as ce tti e t a l. (2 01 3: A nt he m id o co lu m na e- St ip et um a us tr oi ta lic ae ). 8