28 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 77 (1), 2018 Acta Bot. Croat. 77 (1), 28–35, 2018 CODEN: ABCRA 25 DOI: 10.1515/botcro-2017-0018 ISSN 0365-0588 eISSN 1847-8476 Nomenclatural notes on some annual mallows (Malvaceae) Duilio Iamonico Laboratory of Phytogeography and Applied Geobotany, Department DATA, Section Environment and Landscape, University of Rome Sapienza, via Flaminia 72, 00196 Rome, Italy Abstract – A nomenclatural study concerning the annual mallows (Lavatera sect. Lavatera) is presented here. The names Lavatera africana, L. biennis, L. grandiflora, L. moschata by Miergues, L. punctata, L. punctata var. maroccana, L. rosea, L. trimestris var. brachypoda, L. trimestris var. trimestris f. colorata, Olbia deflexa, and Stegia lavatera are investigated. Lavatera grandiflora, L. rosea, L. moschata by Miergues, Olbia deflexa, and Stegia lavat- era are illegitimate names according to Arts. 52.1, 52.2 or 53.1 of the ICN. The other names are valid and legiti- mate and are lecto- or neotypified on specimens preserved in the herbaria BM, LE, MAF, MPU, P, and TO. Three species belonging to Lavatera sect. Lavatera are accepted: L. trimestris s.lat., L. maroccana, and L. punctata (= Olbia deflexa, nom. superfl. et illeg. = L. biennis). Three varieties are here recognized for L. trimestris: var. trime- stris (≡ Malva rosea, nom. superfl. et illeg. Lavatera grandiflora, nom. superfl. et illeg. Stegia lavatera, nom. su- perfl. et illeg. = L. africana = L. trimestris var. trimestris f. colorata), var. brachypoda, and var. moschata (a new combination). Key words: Lavatera, lectotypification, Malva, neotypification, new combination * Corresponding author, e-mail: d.iamonico@yahoo.it Introduction Molecular studies on the Malva alliance (Ray 1995, Es- cobar et al. 2009) showed that the traditional separation of the genera Malva L. and Lavatera L., based mainly on the de- gree of fusion of the epicalyx bracts, is artificial and cannot be maintained, while the taxonomic signicance of the fruit morphology was emphasized. The overall evolution appears to be reticulate and Malva is presumed to be monophyletic (Tate et al. 2005, Escobar et al. 2009). Pending a comprehen- sive taxonomic study of Malveae J.Presl, several authors ac- cepted Malva in a broad sense, and merged Lavatera into it (e.g. Ray 1995, Molero and Montserrat 2005, 2006, Banfi et al. 2005, Iamonico 2010, Valdés 2011, Conti and Bartolucci 2012, Iamonico et al. 2015). However, some taxa included in the “Lavateroid clade” by Ray (1995) are still doubtful- ly placed and other authors (e.g. Bayer and Kubitzki 2003; Molero and Montserrat 2007) still accept the the genus La- vatera for them. The annual mallows Lavatera maroccana (Batt. & Trab.) Maire, L. punctata All., and L. trimestris L. are traditionally placed in Lavatera sect. Lavatera (= Stegia DC.) and are rep- resented by plants with solitary flowers, long petioles, epica- lyces with very broad and shallow lobes, and Lavateroid-type mericarps (see e.g. Ray 1995; Fernandes 1993). The morpho- logical similarity among these taxa is not, however, support- ed by the molecular analyses, and these affinities might be homoplasious (Escobar et al. 2009). Before a new extensive study on the phylogenetic relationships among the annual mallows is made, a nomenclatural investigation of the names related to this group is presented here as part of the revision of the Malvaceae for the new edition of the Flora d’Italia, edi- tor Prof. S. Pignatti (e.g. Iamonico 2010, 2014a, 2014b, 2016; Iamonico and Peruzzi 2014; Iamonico et al. 2015). Materials and methods The paper is based on both examination of specimens preserved in the Herbaria BM, LINN, MPU, P, RO, and TO (abbreviations according to Thiers 2016) and analysis of rel- evant literature (protologues included). The articles cited through the text agree with the Melbourne Code (McNeill et al. 2012). The taxa are presented in alphabetical order. NOMENCLATURE ON ANNUAL MALLOWS ACTA BOT. CROAT. 77 (1), 2018 29 Results Lavatera africana Mill. Miller (1768: Lavatera no. 2) provided a short diagno- sis (“LAVATERA (Africana) foliis infimis cordato-angulatis, supernè sagittatis, pedunculis unifloris, caule herbaceo hirsu- to”), cited one synonym from Boerhaave (1727: 268, “La- vatera africana, flore pulcherrimo”), and stated “The second sort [Lavatera africana] grows naturally at the Cape of Good Hope… is annual”. Miller’s name makes Lavatera africana Cav. (Cavanilles 1788: 282), which does not belong to the sect. Lavatera, a lat- er homonym and an illegitimate name according to Art. 53.2. As a consequence, the combination Malva africana (Cav.) Banfi, Soldano, and Galasso by Banfi et al. (2005) was errone- ous. The correct basionym was choosen by Molero and Mon- serrat (2005, 2006), and Iamonico (2010: 312) who proposed the combinations M. subovata (DC.) Molero & Montserrat subsp. rupestris (Pomel) Molero & Montserrat, and M. subo- vata subsp. bicolor (Rouy) Iamonico, respectively. A study on L. sect. Axolopha DC. (Iamonico 2016) revealed that Mill- er’s Lavatera africana includes plants whose features cannot be associated with perennial taxa belonging to this section; rather, it is related to L. sect. Lavatera. I found a sheet at BM (code BM000603431; Fig. 1) that bears a plant whose fea- tures of leaves and flowers match the diagnosis. This sheet bears three labels: the first one (on the top right of the sheet) represents an identification by G. Krebs (15 December 1985, as L. trimestris), the second label (on the bottom right, “La- vatera africanna Miller 1768 Gard. Dict. ed 8. no. 2 | Type Specimen | Journ. Bot. 1913. 132”) might be Steran’s or Dan- dy’s script (J. Hunnex pers. comm.), the third label (on the top left, “Hort.”) looks as if it might be from J. Banks (J. Hun- nex pers. comm.). Since there are doubts about the collector of this exsiccata, and the collection date is lacking, I prefer to avoid the BM000603431 for lectotypification purposes. Since there are no further specimens, which can be considered as part of the original material used to describe Lavatera afri- cana Mill., I here designate BM000603431 as the neotype of Lavatera africana Mill. Lavatera biennis M.Bieb. Bieberstein (1798: 116) described Lavatera biennis from the Caspian region through a short diagnosis and the habitat (“Occurrit passim in pascuis, graminosis et ad agrorum ver- suras”); the species was placed into the group named “Caule herbaceo”. Some years later, Bieberstein (1808: 143) again re- ported the original diagnosis, adding a description, the prov- enance (“Habitat in Caucasi orientalis…”), and providing a comparison with L. thuringiaca L. (“…affini L. thuringiaca… petalorum forma; calycis quoque interioris foliola in longius acumen sunt producta. Arilli transuersim sutilissime rugosi”). There is one specimen at LE (Bieberstein’s collection, code 01009603) that bears a terminal part of one plant with some cauline leaves and flowers; the plant was collected in 1796 in “Ex planitiebus Sihirvanicis”, where Shirvan is a province of Azerbaijan (V. Shvanova, pers. comm.). The plant mounted on the sheet shows features that match Bieberstein’s diagno- sis and the specimen LE-01009603 is here designated as the lectotype of the name Lavatera biennis. Lavatera grandiflora Moench Moench (1794: 614) created the name Lavatera grandi- flora, citing as synonym the validly published L. trimestris L. As a consequence, Moench’s name is a superfluous nomen novum for L. trimestris, and is therefore illegitimate accord- ing to Art. 52.2 of the ICN. Lavatera moschata Miergues and Lavatera moschata Moris Lavatera moschata Miergues is a later homonym of L. moschata Moris, which was published 31 years earlier in the 2nd volume of Stirpium Sardoarum Elenchus (Moris 1827: 9). As a consequence Miergues’ name is illegitimate under Art. 53.1 of the ICN. Miergues (1858: 593) observed an Algerian population (locality Arba) of a Lavatera species morphologically simi- lar to L. trimestris, and recognized this population as a new species, named L. moschata. According to the protologue, this species would differ from L. trimestris in having a musky smell, higher branching, soft leaf blades, epicalyx with en- tire and glabrous margins, and nails of the petals not co- loured. One specimen at P (code 04694665) bears a plant that is part of Miegues’ collection and it was collected in the locality “L’Arba…” in “May”; the morphology of the plant Fig. 1. Neotype of the name Lavatera africana (BM-000603431!). IAMONICO D. 30 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 77 (1), 2018 (two pieces) matches Miergues’ diagnosis. Since the date of collection is lacking, I cannot be sure that this specimen is an ante-1858 addition to the collection, and, consequently, I prefer to avoid it as a possible lectotype (Arts. 9.2, and 9.3 of the ICN). However, since no other unquestionably original material was found, I here below designate the specimen as neotype of Lavatera moschata Miergues. Examination of the original material and other speci- mens that are part of Moris’ collection (herbarium TO) showed that L. moschata Moris cannot be identified with any of the species belonging to L. sect. Lavatera. On the ba- sis of the morphology of these exsiccatae, L. moschata Moris should be included in L. sect. Glandulosae Fernandes, which is characterized by mixed indumentum (simple, stellate, and glandular hairs) and flowers arranged in groups of about 4–6 (Fernandes 1968a, 1968b, Escobar et al. 2009). A taxonomic and nomenclatural study on the whole L. sect. Glandulosae is in preparation (G. Bacchetta and collaborators). Lavatera punctata All. This species was first described by Allioni (1789: 26) who provided a diagnosis, a detailed description, and the prov- enance “In agro Nicaeensis frequens”; no synonyms, illustra- tions, or specimens were listed. At TO (Allioni’s collection), I found three specimens bearing plants whose features match the diagnosis and description of L. punctata; labels (one per specimen) also occur, and include in Allioni’s script “La- vatera punctata ex Nicaea”. Although the locality matches the provenance cited in the protologue, the date of collection is lacking, and it is not possible to know if the plants were collected ante- or post-1789 (L. Guglielmone, pers. comm.). The typification of Allioni’s names is not indeed a simple is- sue, since Allioni’s original material is often affected by vari- ous types of complication, mainly with respect to 1) the scar- city of information reported on the specimens’ labels and 2) the lack on the sheets of specific annotations which link the protologues to the specimens (see e.g., Dal Vesco et al. 1987–1988). As a consequence, we cannot be sure that these specimens are part of the original material (Art. 9.3), and their use as lectotypes should be avoided (see Art. 9.2). An- other possible repository of original material for Allioni’s name is the Bellardi collection (kept at TO). C. A. L. Bellardi was a student and close collaborator of C. Allioni, who often examined Bellardi’s material for his researches (L. Gugliel- mone, pers. comm.). One specimen at TO bears Bellardi’s annotation “Lavatera trimestris Linn. punctata All.”, so Bel- lardi originally identified the plant as L. trimestris, but later revised the exsiccatum as L. punctata. Furthermore, there is a second label: “ex Horto x. D. Johannis. Inveni abunde in vi- neis, et campis a Monaco ad Mentonum et non longe a Nica- ea” (the San Giovanni Botanical Garden was part of the San Giovanni hospital area, and it is part of the Faculty of Medi- cine). It is interesting to note that the code of L. punctata in Allioni’s Auctarium (“1424”) corresponds to that given to L. trimestris in Flora Pedemontana (Allioni 1785: 42) where the author indicated “Loc. olivetis Villafrancae Nicaeensis reper- itur”, also associating to the species the illustration nos. 67 (volume 14), and 87 (volume 17) of the Iconographia Tauri- nensis (Allioni 1765, 1771 – see Forneris 2008). Unfortunate- ly, the date of collection is lacking in Bellardi’s specimens, and I am not able to establish if the exsiccata is an ante-or post-1789 addition to the collection, so I prefer to avoid its use as lectotype. Lacking other specimens that are unques- tionably original material, I am forced to choose one of them as a neotype (art. 9.7). Below I designate the specimen at TO (no. 1) as the neotype of the name Lavatera punctata since it bears a more complete plant, including lower, middle and cauline leaves, well preserved flowers, and fruits. Lavatera punctata var. maroccana Batt. & Trab. Battandier and Trabut (1888: 14) published Lavatera punctata var. maroccana through a detailed description; the provenance (“ravins de Taourirt”), and the collector (“M. Ducellier”) were also provided. There is one specimen at MPU (code 001641) that bears a piece of a branch (termi- nal part of the inflorescence) with one opened flower and a mature schizocarp, whose features match the diagnosis. The plant was collected by L. Ducellier in “Maroc oriental: Taourirt, ravins” on May 7, 1916. The specimen is undoubt- edly original material, and it is here designated as the lecto- type of the name L. punctata var. maroccana. The taxon is currently accepted at species level as L. maroccana (Batt. and Trab.) Verloove and Lambinon [see e.g., Fernandes 1968b: 234 sub L. maroccana (Batt. and Trab.) Maire, and Verloove and Lambinon 2011: 40]. Lavatera rosea Medik. Medikus (1787: 40) proposed the name Lavatera rosea cit- ing a synonym from Jacquin (1770), “Jacq. H. V. T. I, Tab. 72”. The latter author published an illustration (image available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10249#page/3/ mode/1up) labelled as “Lavatera trimestris” (see Jacquin 1770: 29). As a consequence, Medikus’ (1787) new name is superfluous and illegitimate since the Linnaean name should have been adopted (Arts. 52.1 and 52.2). Lavatera trimestris var. brachypoda Pérez Lara Near Jerez de la Frontera (localities Cortijo del Pino, and Cortijo del Alijar, Province of Cadíz, southwestern Spain), Pérez Lara (1896: 329) found a population of L. trimestris characterized by having the indument composed of scat- tered, small and stellate hairs (L. trimentis s.str. has hairs that are simple or in fascicles, not stellate, long and densely ar- ranged). The author described the Cadíz population at vari- etal rank, as L. trimestris var. brachypoda. There is one specimen at MAF (code 35596) bearing two pieces of one plant collected by Pérez Lara in the locality Cortijo del Pino on August 19, 1880; it appears to be the on- ly extant exsiccata that is part of the original material, and it is here chosen as the lectotype of the name Lavatera trimes- tris var. brachypoda. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10249#page/3/mode/1up http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10249#page/3/mode/1up NOMENCLATURE ON ANNUAL MALLOWS ACTA BOT. CROAT. 77 (1), 2018 31 Lavatera trimestris var. trimestris f. colorata Gatt. & Maire Lavatera trimestris f. colorata Gatt. & Maire was de- scribed by Maire (1949: 130) to distinguish forms with pur- plish petals (“A typo non differ nisi floribus vivide purpureis (nec roseis)”). There is one specimen at MPU (code 004731) bearing a terminal flowered branch collected by J. Gattefossé (no. 2058) in Morocco (locality Fedhala) on May 15, 1946. The date of collection is ante-1949, and the other label data completely match the protologue; moreover, the label was signed by R. Maire. Since no further specimens (possible syntypes) were found, and according to the wide discussion by McNeill (2014), I here designate the MPU sheet as the lectotype of Maire’s name. Olbia deflexa Moench Moench (1802: 200) published Olbia deflexa citing as synonym Lavatera punctata, wrongly attributed to Linnae- us and referring to “Sp. pl. III. p. 797”. The latter quotation refers to a Willdenow’s description in the 4th Edition of Spe- cies Plantarum (Willdenow 1800: 797) of L. punctata All. The Moench name can be interpreted as a replacement name of L. punctata. Since this latter name was validly and legiti- mately published, O. deflexa is a superfluous and illegitimate name according to Arts. 51.1 and 52.2. Stegia lavatera DC. The name Stegia lavatera was published by Candolle (1805: 856) citing as synonym Lavatera trimestris L. Can- dolle’s name is, therefore, a new, superfluous and illegitimate name according to Arts. 52.1 and 52.2. Discussion Lavatera africana Mill. The synonym cited by Miller (1768: Lavatera no. 2) from Boerhaave (1727: 268), was reported by Linnaeus (1738: 348, 1748: 203) as a synonym of, respectively, “Lavatera foliis tri- lobis, lacinia media productiore, caule herbaceo”, and “LA- VATERA foliis glabris, caule scabro herbaceo, pedunculis uni- floris, fructibus orbiculo tectis”. In the 1st edition of Species Plantarum Linnaeus (1753: 692) published the name L. tri- mestris using a diagnosis taken directly from the Hortus Up- saliensis (Linnaeus 1748: 203); moreover, he cited the syn- onym from the Hortus Cliffortianus (Linnaeus 1738: 348). However, I have not been able to trace Boerhaave’s poly- nomial in any of Linnaeus’ works published after 1753 (1st edition of Species Plantarum). There are three sheets at BM (codes 000646478, 000646479, 000646480; images avail- able at http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources/research-cura- tion/projects/clifford-herbarium/lgimages/BM000646478. JPG, http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources/research-curation / projects/clifford-herbarium/lgimages/BM000646479.JPG, and http://www.nhm.ac.uk/ resources/research-curation/ projects/clifford-herbarium/lgimages/BM000646480.JPG) bearing, respectively, the original annotations “Lavatera fo- lio et facie Altheae”, “Lavatera africana flore pulcherrimo”, and “Malva vel Lavatera folio et facie Altheae” [“Lavatera folio et facie Altheae”, and “Malva vel Lavatera folio et facie Althe- ae” are listed by Boerhaave (1727: 268)]. All these sheets are original material for the name L. trimestris, and the pinned plants can be identified as L. trimestris according to the cur- rent concept of this species (see e.g. Pignatti 1982; Fernandes 1968b, 1993). Furthermore, these plants show features that match Miller’s description of his L. africana. Also the cho- sen lectotype of Lavatera africana Mill. (see below) is iden- tifiable as L. trimestris, showing the following characteristics: herbaceous plant with leaves glabrous, the upper suborbicu- lar, 3-lobed with base rounded to cordate and margins cre- nate, the more distal leaves sagittate, 3-lobed with central lobe much longer then the lateral ones and margins dentate; flowers solitary, with epicalyx segments wide and acuminate, calyx longer than the epicalyx with lobes acute, and petal 3–4 times longer than the calyx. Concerning the distribution area of Lavatera africana, Miller (1768) indicated that the species “…grows natural- ly at the Cape of Good Hope”. This information apparently contrasts with the current known distribution of L. trimestris [western Europe, north-western Africa, and south-western Asia (see Valdés 2011)]. However, according to recent flo- ristic data (see e.g., SANBI 2012a), L. trimestris also occurs in South Africa where it is considered a naturalized alien. Miller (1768) also reported “…Cape of Good Hope, from whence the seed were brought to Holland, and the plants were cultivated…”. On the basis of the J. Banks annotation at the top left of the neotype preserved at BM, it is likely that P. Miller examined specimens based on cultivated plants grow- ing from seed collected in South Africa. Considering all the above, it is here proposed to treat Lavatera africana Mill. as a heterotypic synonym of L. tri- mestris, which holds nomenclatural priority (1768 vs. 1753). Lavatera biennis M.Bieb. On the basis of current knowledge (see e.g. Pignatti 1982, Fernandes 1968b, 1993), the comparison of types and diag- noses of L. biennis, L. trimestris, L. maroccana, and L. punc- tata, and the examination of further specimens, the name L. biennis can be synonymised with L. punctata on the basis of two main characters: 1) the carpophore not expanded over the mericarps, 2) upper leaves 3-lobed with the apical lobe clearly longer than the lateral ones. Both L. trimestris and L. maroccana have the carpophore more or less expanded over the mericarps, and the upper leaves 3-5-lobed with the cen- tral lobe usually not longer than lateral ones. Lavatera puncta- ta has nomenclatural priority over L. biennis (1789 vs. 1798). Lavatera moschata Miergues and Lavatera moschata Moris Based on the comparison between L. moschata Miergues and L. trimestris s. str. (protologues, types and other speci- mens), and the examination of treatments in recent floras (see e.g., Fernandes 1968b, 1993), it appears that the only reliable diagnostic character of L. moschata Miergues is the http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources/research-curation/projects/clifford-herbarium/lgimages/BM000646478.JPG http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources/research-curation/projects/clifford-herbarium/lgimages/BM000646478.JPG http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources/research-curation/projects/clifford-herbarium/lgimages/BM000646478.JPG http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources/research-curation /projects/clifford-herbarium/lgimages/BM000646479.JPG http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources/research-curation /projects/clifford-herbarium/lgimages/BM000646479.JPG http://www.nhm.ac.uk/ resources/research-curation/projects/clifford-herbarium/lgimages/BM000646480.JPG http://www.nhm.ac.uk/ resources/research-curation/projects/clifford-herbarium/lgimages/BM000646480.JPG IAMONICO D. 32 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 77 (1), 2018 musky smell of the plants, while L. trimestris s. str. has a her- baceous smell. Battandier and Trabut (1888: 115) proposed the varietal rank for Miergues’ species. Although L. moschata Miergues is illegitimate, the combination proposed by Bat- tandier and Trabut (l.c.) is to be considered legitimate and should be cited as L. trimestris var. moschata Batt. & Trab. (Art. 58.1 Ex.2 of ICN). Considering all the above, I here propose to consider L. trimestris var. malvaeformis as a heterotypic synonym of L. trimestris var. trimestris, while L. trimestris var. moschata Batt. & Trab. is a pro parte synonym of both L. trimestris var. trimestris, and L. moschata by Miergues. Although further taxonomic investigations (e.g., molecu- lar ones) are needed to definitively establish the taxonomic value of the Miergues variety, on the basis of both the char- acteristics of this taxon (i.e. the musky smell), as well as its distribution (which seems to be a restricted area of N-Al- geria, in the Blinda Province), I here propose to accept the Miergues Lavatera, by maintaining the varietal rank. A new combination of L. trimestris var. moschata Batt. & Trab. is here proposed (see the paragraph “Taxonomic treatment”). Lavatera trimestris var. brachypoda Pérez Lara Fernandes (1993: 234) stated that L. trimestris var. brachy- poda seemed to be extinct in Spain, since no subsequent pop- ulation was found. However, Ortiz and López (2012) recently rediscovered two populations in the Province of Cadíz, in the localities Cañada de los Marchantes, and Peña Arpada. The latter authors confirm that the indumentum represents the main diagnostic character separating L. trimetris var. brachy- poda and L. trimetris var. trimestris, as previously reported by Fernandes (1993: 234), sub Stegia trimestris (L.) Luque & Devesa var. brachypoda (Pérez Lara) Luque & Devesa]. Out- side Spain, L. trimetris var. brachypoda was recently recorded in Belgium (Verloove and Lambinon 2011), where the taxon is considered alien. The taxonomic status of L. trimetris var. brachypoda needs further investigation (i.e. new field surveys), so I pre- fer to provisionally maintain it at the varietal rank, in agree- ment with the Spanish authors (Fernandes 1993). Lavatera trimestris var. trimestris f. colorata Gatt. & Maire On the basis of the current concept, the colour of the pet- als in L. trimestris s. str. shows a wide range of variation, from white to deep-rose (see e.g., Fernandes 1993). I consider the coloured form named by Maire (1949) to be part of this vari- ation. So, Maire’s name is here treated as a heterotypic syn- onym of Lavatera trimestris var. trimestris. Taxonomic treatment Lavatera punctata All. var. maroccana Batt. & Trab., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 9: 14. 1918 ≡ Malva maroccana (Batt. & Trab.) Verloove & Lambinon, New J. Bot. 1(1): 40. 2011 [31 August 2011] ≡ Lavatera maroccana (Batt. & Trab.) Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 17: 107. 1926. Lectotype (here designated): Morocco, Taourirt, ra- vines, 07 May 1916, Ducellier s.n. (MPU-001641!). Image of the lectotype available at http://www.herbier-mpu.org/ zoomify/zoomify.php?fichier=MPU001641 − Malva maroccana (Batt. & Trab.) Soldano, Banfi and Galasso, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Mi- lano 152: 95. 2011, isonym [November 2011]. − Malva maroccana (Batt. & Trab.) Valdés, Willdenowia 41(2): 319. 2011, isonym [20 December 2011]. Lavatera punctata All., Auct. Fl. Pedem.: 26. 1789 [Jan- uary-March 1789] ≡ Malva punctata (All.) Alef., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 12: 258 1862 ≡ Olbia deflexa Moench, Suppl. Meth. (Moench): 200. 1802, nom. nov. pro Lavatera punctata All., nom. superfl. et illeg. (Art. 52.2 of ICN) ≡ Althaea punctata (All.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 66. 1891. Neotype (here designated by D. Iamonico and L. Gug- lielmone): Italy, ex Nicaea, s.d., s.coll. s.n. (TO-1!) − Fig. 2. = Lavatera biennis M.Bieb., Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 116. 1798 ≡ Althaea biennis (M.Bieb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 66. 1891. Lectotype (here designated): Azerbaidzhan, Ex planitie- bus Sihirvanicis, 1796, Bieberstein s.n. (LE-01009603!) − Fig. 3. − Malva punctata (L.) G.H.Loos, Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins. 1: 125. 2010, isonym [February 2010]. Lavatera trimestris L., Sp. Pl. 2: 692. 1753 ≡ Malva trimes- tris (L.) Salisb. var. trimestris, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 381. 1796 ≡ Lavatera rosea Medik., Malv.: 40. 1787, nom. nov. pro Lavatera trimestris L., nom. superfl. et illeg. (Arts. 52.1, Fig. 2. Neotype of the name Lavatera punctata (TO-1!). http://www.herbier-mpu.org/zoomify/zoomify.php?fichier=MPU001641 http://www.herbier-mpu.org/zoomify/zoomify.php?fichier=MPU001641 NOMENCLATURE ON ANNUAL MALLOWS ACTA BOT. CROAT. 77 (1), 2018 33 and 52.2 of ICN) ≡ Lavatera grandiflora Moench, Meth.: 614. 1794, nom. nov. pro Lavatera trimestris L., nom. superfl. et il- leg. (Arts. 52.1, and 52.2 of ICN) ≡ Stegia lavatera DC., Fl. Fr., ed. 5, 4(2): 856. 1805, nom. nov. pro Lavatera trimestris L., nom. superfl. et illeg. (Arts. 52.1, and 52.2 of ICN) ≡ Stegia trimestris (L.) Risso, Fl. Nice: 96. 1844 ≡ Althaea trimestris (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 66. 1891. Lectotype (designated by Fernandes 1968a: 400): Herb. Linn., no. 871.11 (LINN!). Image of the lectotype available at http://linnean-online.org/8081/ = Lavatera africana Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: Lavatera n. 2. 1768 [16 Apr 1768]. Neotype (here designated): England, Chelsea Physic Garden from seed growing in the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), s.d., s.n. (BM-000603431!) − Fig. 1. = Lavatera trimestris var. malvaeformis Ball, Spic. Fl. Ma- roc.: 376. 1877. Type: not designated. = Lavatera trimestris var. trimestris f. colorata Gatt. & Maire, Bull Soc. Nat. Af. N. 39(7–8): 130. 1949. Lectotype (here designated): Morocco, Fedhala, Gatte- fossé 2058 (MPU-004731!, image of the lectotype available at http://www.herbier-mpu.org/zoomify/zoomify.php?fichier =MPU004731). – Lavatera trimestris var. moschata Batt. and Trab., Fl. Alg. 1: 115. 1888, p. p. − Stegia trimestris (L.) T.Luque & J.A.Devesa, Lagascalia 14(2): 237. 1986, isonym. − Malva trimestris (L.) G.H.Loos, Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins. 1: 125. 2010, isonym [Febraury 2010]. Lavatera trimestris var. brachypoda Pérez Lara, Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 329. 1896 ≡ Malva trimestris (L.) Salisb. var. brachypoda (Pérez Lara) Verloove & Lambinon, New J. Bot. 1(1): 40. 2011 [31 August 2011]. Lectotype (here designated): Spain, Cadíz, Cortijo del Pino, 19 August 1880, Pérez Lara s.n. (MAF-35596!) − Fig. 4. Malva trimestris (L.) Salisb. var. moschata (Batt. and Tr- ab.) Iamonico, comb. nov. ≡ Lavatera trimestris var. moschata Batt. and Trab., Fl. Alg. 1: 115. 1888 ≡ Lavatera moschata Mier- gues, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 5: 593. 1858, nom. illeg. (Art. 52.1), non Lavatera moschata Moris, Stirp. Sard. Elench. 1: 9. 1827. Neotype (here designated): Algeria, L’Arba, May, Mier- gues s.n. (P-04994665!, image of the neotype available at http:// sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2012/09/27/10/P04694665.jpg). Acknowledgements Thanks are due to V. Shvanova and I. Tatanov (Herbar- ium of Vascular Plants of the Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg) for permission to reproduce the image of the lectotype of Lavatera biennis M. Bieb., to J. Hunnex (Natu- ral History Museum, London) for information provided and help in the interpretation of the herbarium annotation on the type of Lavatera africana, and to B. Valdés (University of Seville, Seville) for the useful discussion about Lavatera trimestris var. brachypoda. Fig. 3. Lectotype of the name Lavatera biennis (LE-01009603!). Fig. 4. Lectotype of the name Lavatera trimestris var. brachypoda (MAF-35596!). http://linnean-online.org/8081/ http://www.herbier-mpu.org/zoomify/zoomify.php?fichier =MPU004731 http://www.herbier-mpu.org/zoomify/zoomify.php?fichier =MPU004731 http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2012/09/27/10/P04694665.jpg http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2012/09/27/10/P04694665.jpg IAMONICO D. 34 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 77 (1), 2018 References Allioni, C., 1765: Iconographia Taurinensis 14. Augustae Tauri- norum. Allioni, C., 1771: Iconographia Taurinensis 17. Augustae Tauri- norum. Allioni, C., 1785: Flora Pedemontana, sive enumeratio methodica stirpium indigenarum pedemontii 2. 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