200 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

Acta Bot. Croat. 76 (2), 200–224, 2017   CODEN: ABCRA 25
DOI: 10.1515/botcro-2017-0014 ISSN 0365-0588
 eISSN 1847-8476
 

Vegetation of Croatia: Phytosociological 
classification of the high-rank syntaxa
Željko Škvorc1*, Nenad Jasprica2, Antun Alegro3, Sanja Kovačić4, Jozo Franjić1, 
Daniel Krstonošić1, Ana Vraneša5, Andraž Čarni6

1 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
2 University of Dubrovnik, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Kneza Damjana Jude 12, 

HR-20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.
3 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Botany, Marulićev trg 20/II, 

HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
4 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Botanical Garden, Marulićev trg 9a, 

HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
5 Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia, Runjaninova 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
6 Scientific Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Biology, Novi trg 2, 

SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Abstract – Croatia is among the most ecologically diverse and floristically rich countries in Europe, with a 
great variety of communities. The vegetation elaboration according to the standard central European method 
was initiated in Croatia at the beginning of the 20th century. In previous overviews of Croatian vegetation, the 
number of classes and alliances was underrepresented in relation to the country’s floristic richness. Further-
more, the level of knowledge and the amount of available data varied greatly among the various types of 
vegetation. The aims of this paper are mainly to compile a stabile syntaxonomic list of classes, orders and al-
liances dominated by vascular plants in Croatia and to adjust Croatian vegetation to the new European syn-
taxonomic system (EuroVegChecklist). It introduces a consistent description of high-rank syntaxa in Croa-
tian. In conclusion, the vegetation of Croatia comprises 66 classes, 121 orders and 201 alliances. The number 
of syntaxa shows vegetation diversity that is rather high compared to most other European countries; this is 
related to the high floristic richness and endemism. The list points out the obvious problems and gaps in our 
knowledge of vegetation in Croatia and can serve as a baseline for the future vegetation studies.

Keywords: Braun-Blanquet approach, phytosociology, syntaxonomy, vegetation

* Corresponding author, e-mail: zskvorc@sumfak.hr

Introduction
Croatia, extending from the Adriatic Sea over the Di-

naric Alps toward the Pannonian plain, is among the floris-
tically richest countries in Europe and one of the hotspots 
of European biodiversity (Nikolić 2001, Nikolić et al. 
2014). This floristic and ecological richness, resulting in a 
great variety of communities, has always attracted research. 
Beck-Mannagetta (1901) and Adamović (1909) were the 
first botanists systematically to study the vegetation, and 
published extensive monographs based on the physiognom-
ic-ecological approach.

The vegetation elaboration according to the standard 
central European method was initiated at the beginning of 
the 20th century (Braun-Blanquet 1921). Shortly thereafter 
research according to this method began in Croatia as well 

(Pevalek 1924, Horvat 1925, Horvatić 1927) and the new 
approoach was widely accepted among botanists. Since 
then, many researchers have elaborated the vegetation of 
Croatia, providing the extensive results that enabled the 
preparation of this overview. The level of knowledge and 
the amount of available data varies greatly among the vari-
ous types of vegetation. For example, forest vegetation was 
investigated and documented to a greater extent. The first 
reviews of forest vegetation appeared in the works of Hor-
vat (1937, 1938), and since then many comprehensive re-
views have been published (e.g. Rauš et al. 1992, Vukelić et 
al. 2008, Vukelić 2012). Additionally, some of the most im-
portant vegetation research results in Croatia were pub-
lished by Horvatić (1963), Marković-Gospodarić (1966), 
Ilijanić (1968), Šugar (1973), Šegulja (1976), Topić (1984), 
Trinajstić (1998, 2008) and Hulina (2002).



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ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 201

To gain a comprehensive view of vegetation, botanists 
arrange complex vegetation patterns obtained from the field, 
in conceptually manageable and functionally logical units, 
called plant communities or vegetation types (Mucina et al. 
2016). In this way, vegetation description and classification 
provides suitable objects for ecosystem research and inven-
tory on a different scale. These objects are also used for the 
planning and managing of various conservation programs 
and the use of natural resources.

Due to the enormous complexity involved, there are many 
different approaches to vegetation classification (Peet and 
Roberts 2013). The most widely applied approach is based 
on total floristic composition of stands reflecting the envi-
ronmental heterogeneity and biogeographic processes (the 
Braun-Blanquet approach), and it is developed within the 
framework of the scientific discipline called phytosociolo-
gy. Phytosociology provides standardized protocols for vege-
tation sampling, description and delimitation of abstract 
vegetation types (syntaxa), and their hierarchical ordering 
into a practical and efficient framework (syntaxonomy) 
(Braun-Blanquet 1964, Westhoff and van der Maarel 1978, 
Dengler et al. 2008). The International Code of Phytosocio-
logical Nomenclature is a formal framework for the naming 
and organization of syntaxa (Weber et al. 2000).

Initial attempts to prepare an overview of syntaxa on a 
larger scale were made in the first half of the 20th century by 
Braun-Blanquet (1933) and Tüxen (1950, 1966), but the re-
sults were inadequate due to the lack of data. As vegetation 
scientists have been following this approach for decades, an 
enormous amount of phytosociological data has accumu-
lated. In the last two decades, new syntaxonomic overviews 
have appeared for almost all European countries (Jiménez-
Alfaro et al. 2014) and many efforts have been made to 
unify the classification system of European vegetation (Mu-
cina 1997, Rodwell et al. 2002). Recently, finally, the first 
comprehensive and consistent syntaxonomic system of alli-
ances, orders and classes for vascular plants, bryophytes 
and lichens, as well as for the algal communities of Europe 
has been established (Mucina et al. 2016).

The first overview of Croatian vegetation was published 
by Horvat (1942), followed by that of Trinajstić and Šugar 
(1976). In addition, the vegetation of Croatia has also been 
included within the review of ex-Yugoslav (Zupančič et al. 
1986) or Southeast-European vegetation (Horvat et al. 
1974). The latest and most comprehensive overview of 
Croatian vegetation was given by Trinajstić (2008), who re-
ported 407 associations, 121 alliances, 66 orders and 42 class-
es. However, according to Jiménez-Alfaro et al. (2014), the 
number of classes and alliances in Trinajstić (2008) was un-
derrepresented when compared with the country’s actual 
floristic richness.

The vegetation of Croatia has been intensively studied 
during the last decade and many new syntaxonomical con-
tributions have been published. Therefore, the aims of this 
paper are: 1) to compile a stabile syntaxonomic list of class-
es, orders and alliances dominated by vascular plants in 
Croatia, 2) to adjust the Croatian vegetation survey to the 
new European syntaxonomic system (Mucina et al. 2016), 
3) to introduce a consistent description of classes, orders 

and alliances in Croatian, and 4) to point out the obvious 
problems and gaps in our knowledge of the vegetation of 
Croatia.

Methods
The syntaxonomical scheme and nomenclature of all 

syntaxa follows the EuroVegChecklist (Mucina et al. 2016). 
Classes are grouped into broad informal groups according 
to Mucina (2013) and Mucina et al. (2016).

The baselines for the preparation of this paper were data 
originating from Trinajstić (2008) and Vukelić (2012) and 
references therein. In addition, the paper includes vegetation 
types reported in different sources, as well as those occurr-
ing in Croatia according to our own knowledge and experi-
ence. Vegetation types indicated by an asterisk (*) pro bably 
do occur in Croatia, but to confirm their presence and distri-
bution further research is needed. Additional comments are 
included in the descriptions of vegetation types in the cases 
of: (1) different opinions on their syntaxonomy, (2) signifi-
cant differences compared to the previous syntaxonomic 
treatment in Croatian phytosociological literature.

The EuroVegChecklist provides brief text descriptions 
for all included syntaxa which contain the physiognomy of 
the vegetation classified within the given unit, their unify-
ing ecological context, and their distribution (Mucina et al. 
2016). These original descriptions have been retained in the 
list with short descriptions in Croatian added.

Only synonyms that have been frequently used in the 
Croatian literature are listed. Each alliance was associated 
by the EUNIS habitat code, according to Schaminée et al. 
(2012), adjusted for Croatian territory.

This paper does not provide a compilation of all the 
phytosociological literature references in Croatia, because 
they have been already listed in Trinajstić (2008) and 
Vukelić (2012). Therefore, only references directly used 
during the preparation of this paper are listed.

Results and discussion
According to our estimations, the vegetation of Croatia 

comprises 66 classes, 121 orders and 201 alliances (see Ap-
pendix). The number of syntaxa shows that the vegetation 
diversity of Croatia is high compared to most European 
countries (Jiménez-Alfaro et al. 2014), which is related to 
the high floristic richness and endemism (Nikolić 2001, 
Nikolić et al. 2014), in common with other Mediterranean 
countries (e.g. Spain, Italy and France, Jiménez-Alfaro et 
al. 2014). The total floristic composition reflects the bioge-
ography, environmental heterogeneity and, consequently, 
vegetation diversity of the region. European countries with 
two biogeographical regions (Eurosiberian and Mediterra-
nean) have the greatest vegetation richness in relation to 
their size (Izco and Amigo 2011).

This paper lists 24 classes, 55 orders and 80 alliances 
more than were previously noted by Trinajstić (2008). This 
discrepancy can be explained at least partly by the insuffi-
cient elaboration of certain vegetation types and/or regions 



ŠKVORC Ž., JASPRICA N., ALEGRO A., KOVAČIĆ S., FRANJIĆ J., KRSTONOŠIĆ D., VRANEŠA A., ČARNI A.

202 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

of Croatia, since vegetation research was based mostly on 
the preference of particular researchers, institutions or proj-
ects. For example, for Robinietea, Sedo-Scleranthetea, 
Montio-Cardaminetea and Hypno cupressiformi-Polypodi-
etalia vulgaris there were few or no literature data. There-
fore, this paper may serve as a guideline for further studies, 
with the aim of better elaborating less known vegetation 
types in Croatia.

The other reason for the discrepancy in number of pre-
viously published syntaxa can be found in the different no-
menclatural concepts applied. For example, the syntaxono-
my of tall-herb vegetation (Mulgedio-Aconitetea) and zonal 
Mediterranean forests and scrubs differs greatly from that 
given in Trinajstić (2008) and Vukelić (2012). Furthermore, 
intrazonal Mediterranean grasslands and herblands have 
been classified in a larger number of syntaxa than in 
Horvatić (1963) and Trinajstić (2008).

From our own experience, the 17 alliances marked with 
an asterisk (*) probably are present in Croatia, but due to 
the lack of relevant vegetation data their occurrence is un-
confirmed. Therefore, further research is needed. Likewise, 
it would be necessary better to define the syntaxonomy of 
several other vegetation types with different opinions on 
their syntaxonomical treatment (e.g. Alno glutinosae-Popu-
letea albae).

The need for further comprehensive vegetation studies 
is evident also from the treatment of ruderal vegetation 
which is here represented by 34 alliances, in contrast to 22 
alliances in Trinajstić (2008). These vegetation types have 
been intensively studied in the past (Marković-Gospodarić 
1966, Marković 1984, 1992, Topić 1984, Hulina 2002, 
Pandža et al. 2005), but such discrepancies in the number of 
alliances indicates the need for new field research and syn-
thesis.

In sum, this paper harmonizes the classification of Croa-
tian vegetation with the EuroVegChecklist (Mucina et al. 
2016) in order to meet the common European standards. 
Nevertheless, the classification of vegetation could have 
been done by using a different approach. With this in mind, 
the applied syntaxonomic concept represents just one view 
on this subject. However, it is a baseline for future syntaxo-
nomic analyses that will result in a complete elaboration of 
Croatian vegetation based on relevé-databases and numeri-
cal techniques.

Acknowledgements
The authors thank Steve Latham (UK) for improving 

the English.

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Appendix. Vegetation list
Remarks to the syntaxa descriptions (in Croatian)

Napomene uz opise sintaksona na hrvatskom jeziku

Svakom ovdje navedenom sintaksonu uz izvorne opise na 
engleskom jeziku dodijelili smo i hrvatske nazive, pri čemu 
smo u najvećoj mjeri nastojali preuzeti postojeću domaću ter-
minologiju koja je tijekom prošlog stoljeća ko rištena pri 
imenovanju vegetacijskih tipova. U slu ča jevima kada se un-
utar višeg sintaksona nalazi samo jedan niži sintakson, hrvats-
ki naziv nižeg sintaksona jednak je nazivu višeg. Kada se u 
nazivu navodi fitogeografski položaj sintaksona koristili smo 
pojmove „sredozemni” i „kontinentalni”. Pri tome se „sre-
dozemni” odnosi na cijelu mediteransku vegetacijsku regiju 
unutar koje smo razlikovali submediteransko i primorsko 
područje. Korištena je i uobi ča jena neformalna botanička 
podjela zeljastih biljka na jed nogodišnje, dvogodišnje i tra-
jnice te na zeleni i trave, pri čemu su „zeleni” zeljaste biljke 
širokih listova (biljke koje nemaju graminoidne listove).

1. ZONAL AND INTRAZONAL VEGETATION
     Zonalna i intrazonalna vegetacija
1.1.  VEGETATION OF THE BOREAL ZONE
        Vegetacija borealne zone
1.1.1.  ZONAL BOREAL AND HEMIBOREAL FORESTS
           Zonalne borealne i hemiborealne šume
PIC Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939
Gorske i pretplaninske šume smreke i jele
Holarctic coniferous and boreo-subarctic birch forests on oli-
gotrophic and leached soils in the boreal zone and at high-alti-
tudes of mountains in the nemoral zone of Eurasia

PIC-01 Piceetalia excelsae Pawłowski et al. 1928 (syn. 
Vaccinio-Piceetalia excelsae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939)
Acidofilne gorske i pretplaninske šume smreke i jele na 
siromašnim tlima
European boreo-montane and subalpine spruce and pine 
forests on nutrient-poor soils

PIC-01A Piceion excelsae Pawłowski et al. 1928 
(syn. Vaccinio-Piceion excelsae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 
1939) – EUNIS G3.1



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204 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

Acidofilne gorske i pretplaninske šume smreke i jele na 
siromašnim tlima
European boreo-montane spruce forests and subalpine 
open pine woods on nutrient poor podzolic soils

PIC-06 Athyrio filicis-feminae-Piceetalia Hadač in 
Hadač et al. 1969
Gorske i pretplaninske šume smreke i jele na bogatim tlima
European boreo-montane spruce, fir and pine forests on 
nutrient-rich soils

PIC-06A Chrysanthemo rotundifolii-Piceion (Kra -
jina 1933) Březina et Hadač in Hadač 1962 – EUNIS 
G3.1
Pretplaninske šume smreke na bogatim tlima
Mesic herb-rich spruce forests of the Central and 
Northern European mountains
PIC-06B Abieti-Piceion (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939) 
Soó 1964 – EUNIS G3.1
Gorske šume smreke na bogatim tlima
Mesophilous fir forests on brown forest soils of the 
Central and southwestern European mountains
PIC-06C Calamagrostio-Abietion Horvat 1962 nom. 
invers. propos. – EUNIS G3.1
Šume jele na vapnenačkim stijenama i blokovima
Mesic herb-rich fir forests on limestone and dolomite 
boulder screes in the montane and subalpine belts of 
the Western Balkans

BRA Brachypodio pinnati-Betuletea pendulae Ermakov et 
al. 1991
Šume breze
Hemiboreal pine and birch-pine herb-rich open forests on fer-
tile soils of the Southern Urals and Southern Siberia, and relict 
birchpoplar forests of Europe

BRA-02 Fragario vescae-Populetalia tremulae Willner 
et Mucina in Willner et al. 2016 nom. inval.
Šume breze
Relict extrazonal temperate deciduous birch-poplar woods on 
mineral soils of Europe
Comment: This order comprises natural pioneer and sec-
ondary birch-poplar woods (Willner et al. 2016). In Croa-
tian literature this communities were elaborated with in 
Quercetalia roboris Tx. 1931 (Trinajstić 2008, Vu kelić et 
al. 2012).

BRA-02A Fragario vescae-Populion tremulae Will ner 
et Mucina ined. – EUNIS G1.9
Šume breze
Relict extrazonal temperate deciduous birch-poplar 
woods on mineral soils of Europe

1.2. VEGETATION OF THE NEMORAL FOREST ZONE
      Vegetacija šumske zone umjerenih područja
1.2.1. ZONAL TEMPERATE BROAD-LEAVED  
          FORESTS
          Zonalne listopadne šume umjerenih područja
FAG Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Jakucs ex Passarge 1968 
(syn. Querco-Fagetea sylvaticae Br.-Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 
1937)
Mezofilne listopadne i mješovite šume
Mesic deciduous and mixed forests of temperate Europe, Ana-
tolia, the Caucasus and Southern Siberia

FAG-01 Luzulo-Fagetalia sylvaticae Scamoni et Pas-
sarge 1959
Acidofilne šume bukve

Acidophilous beech and mixed fir-beech forests on nutri-
ent-poor soils in the nemoral zone of temperate Europe and 
as relicts at high altitides of Corsica

FAG-01A Luzulo-Fagion sylvaticae Lohmeyer et Tx. 
in Tx. 1954 – EUNIS G1.6
Acidofilne šume bukve
Acidophilous beech and mixed fir-beech forests of 
Central Europe

FAG-02 Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawłowski 1928
Neutrofilne i bazofilne šume bukve i šume bukve i jele
Basiphilous beech and mixed fir-beech forests in the 
nemoral zone and in the montane belt of the submediter-
ranean regions of temperate Europe

FAG-02A Aremonio-Fagion (Horvat 1950) Bor hi di 
in Török et al. 1989 – EUNIS G1.6
Ilirske neutrofilne i bazofilne šume bukve i šume bukve i 
jele
Refugial basiphilous beech and mixed fir-beech forests 
of the northwestern Balkans and the Eastern Alps
FAG-02B Fagion sylvaticae Luquet 1926 – EUNIS 
G1.6
Srednjoeuropske neutrofilne i bazofilne šume bukve
Partly refugial post-glacial basiphilous beech and 
mixed fir-beech forests of the temperate Europe

FAG-03 Carpinetalia betuli P. Fukarek 1968
Šume kitnjaka i običnog graba
Oak-hornbeam and mesic oak forests on deep nutrient-rich 
soils of the temperate Europe

FAG-03A Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 – EUNIS G1.A
Srednjoeuropske šume kitnjaka i običnog graba
Oak-hornbeam forests on deep nutrient-rich soils of 
Central and Eastern Europe
FAG-03C Erythronio-Carpinion (Horvat 1958) 
Marinček in Wallnöfer et al. 1993 – EUNIS G1.A
Ilirske šume kitnjaka i običnog graba
Oak-hornbeam forests on deep nutrient-rich soils of the 
Balkans and Northern Italy

FAG-05 Aceretalia pseudoplatani Moor 1976 nom. con-
serv. propos.
Šume plemenitih listača
Scree and ravine maple-lime forests of the nemoral zone of 
the temperate Europe

*FAG-05A Tilio-Acerion Klika 1955 – EUNIS G1.A
Srednjoeuropske mezofilne šume plemenitih listača
Sycamore maple forests in the montane belt and cool 
ravines of the Central European mountain ranges
*FAG-05B Melico-Tilion platyphylli Passarge et G. 
Hofmann 1968 – EUNIS G1.A
Srednjoeuropske termofilne šume plemenitih listača
Thermophilous lime forests on scree slopes at low alti-
tudes of the southern regions of Central Europe
FAG-05D Fraxino excelsioris-Acerion pseudoplatani 
P. Fukarek 1969 – EUNIS G1.A
Ilirske mezofilne šume plemenitih listača
Submediterranean mesophilous broad-leaved ash-ma-
ple scree and ravine forests of the Balkan Peninsula
FAG-05E Ostryo carpinifoliae-Tilion platyphylli 
(Košir et al. 2008) Čarni in Willner et al. 2016 – EU-
NIS G1.A
Ilirske kserotermofilne šume plemenitih listača
Submediterranean xero-thermophilous broad-leaved 
scree and ravine forests of the Balkan Peninsula



VEGETATION OF CROATIA

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 205

PUB Quercetea pubescentis Doing-Kraft ex Scamoni et 
Passarge 1959
Termofilne šume listopadnih hrastova
Oak, mixed deciduous and conifer open forests of warm  regions 
in the cool-temperate nemoral zone of Central and Southern 
Europe and in the supramediterranean belt of the Mediterra-
nean, Asia Minor and Middle East

PUB-01 Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Klika 1933
Termofilne šume listopadnih hrastova
Oak forests of the warm cool-temperate regions in the 
nemoral zone of Central and Southern Europe and relic su-
pramediterranean fir-pine and oak forests of the Mediterra-
nean

PUB-01A Quercion petraeae Issler 1931 – EUNIS 
G1.7, G1.8
Srednjoeuropske acidotermofilne šume listopadnih 
hrastova
Thermophilous Central European acidophilous oak 
forests
PUB-01B Quercion pubescenti-petraeae Br.-Bl. 1932 
nom. mut. – EUNIS G1.7
Srednjoeuropske termofilne kalcifilne šume listopadnih 
hrastova
Thermophilous Central European calciphilous oak 
forests
PUB-01C Aceri tatarici-Quercion Zólyomi 1957 – 
EUNIS G1.7
Termofilne panonske šume hrastova na lesu
Thermophilous oak forests on deep soils in the forest-
steppe zone of the Pontic-Pannonian region
PUB-01F Fraxino orni-Ostryion Tomažič 1940 – EU-
NIS G1.7
Šume crnog graba i medunca
Amphiadriatic mesic calcareous submediterranean 
(sub)montane and inland oak and hop-hornbeam for-
ests on shallow soils
Comment: In Croatian literature all thermophilous pu-
bescent oak forests were elaborated within Ostryo-
Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1959 (Trinajstić 2008, 
Vukelić et al. 2012). In this paper two alliances differ 
within this complex – Fraxino orni-Ostryion Tomažič 
1940 and Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1958 (Čarni et. 
al. 2009, Mucina et al. 2016), wherein Ostryo-Carpin-
ion orientalis Horvat 1959 is a synonim of Fraxino or-
ni-Ostryion Tomažič 1940
PUB-01G Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1958 – EUNIS 
G1.7, F5.3
Submediteranske šume medunca i bijelog graba
Amphiadriatic low-altitude calcareous thermophilous 
oak and oriental hornbeam forests
PUB-01N Quercion confertae Horvat 1958 – EUNIS 
G1.7
Termofilne šume sladuna
Thermophilous deciduous oak forests on slightly acid ic 
deep soils of the Central Balkans
*PUB-01O Quercion petraeo-cerridis Lakušić et B. 
Jovanović in B. Jovanović et al. ex Čarni et Mucina 
2015 – EUNIS G1.7
Termofilne šume cera i kitnjaka
Thermophilous montane oak forests of the Central Bal-
kans.

QUE Quercetea robori-petraeae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Oberd. 
1957
Acidofilne šume kitnjaka i pitomog kestena
Acidophilous oak and oak-birch forests on nutrient-poor soils 
of Europe

QUE-01 Quercetalia roboris Tx. 1931 (syn. Quercetalia 
robori-sessiliflorae Tx. 1937)
Acidofilne šume kitnjaka i pitomog kestena
Acidophilous oak forests on nutrient-poor soils of Europe

QUE-01C Agrostio-Quercion petraeae Scamoni et 
Passarge 1959 (syn. Genisto germanicae-Quercion 
Neuhäusl et Neuhäuslová-Novotná 1967) – EUNIS 
G1.8
Acidofilne šume kitnjaka
Temperate acidophilous oak forests on nutrient-poor 
soils of Central and Eastern Europe
Comment: In Croatian literature these forests were 
elaborated within Quercion roboris Malcuit 1929 
(Quercion robori-sessiliflorae Br.-Bl. 1932; Tri naj stić 
2008, Vukelić 2012). However, this alliance comprises 
temperate atlantic and subatlantic acidophilous oak 
forests on nutrient-poor soils of Western Europe (Mu-
cina et al. 2016).
QUE-01E Castaneo-Quercion petraeae Soó 1964 – 
EUNIS G1.8
Acidofilne šume kitnjaka i pitomog kestena
Acidophilous chestnut-oak forests on nutrient-poor 
soils of the southeastern Europe

1.2.2. INTRAZONAL SCRUB OF THE NEMORAL ZONE
         Intrazonalne šikare šumske zone umjerenih područja
RHA Crataego-Prunetea Tx. 1962 nom. conserv. propos. 
(syn. Rhamno-Prunetea Rivas Goday et Borja Carbonell 1961)
Živice, šikare i šumski rubovi
Scrub and mantle vegetation seral or marginal to broad-leaved 
forests in the nemoral zone and the submediterranean regions 
of Europe

RHA-01 Prunetalia spinosae Tx. 1952
Kontinentalne živice, šikare i šumski rubovi
Scrub and mantel vegetation seral or marginal to broad-
leaved forests in the nemoral zone of Europe

RHA-01A Berberidion vulgaris Br.-Bl. ex Tx. 1952 
nom. conserv. propos. – EUNIS F3.1, F3.2
Termofilne živice, šikare i šumski rubovi
Southern temperate and submediterranean thermo-
philous scrub of Southern and Central Europe
RHA-01E Astrantio-Corylion avellanae Passarge 
1978 – EUNIS F3.1
Šikare lijeske u brdskom i gorskom pojasu
Hazel scrub on nutrient-rich soils in the submontane 
and montane belts of Western, Central and southeastern 
Europe
RHA-01F Pruno-Rubion radulae Weber 1974 – EU-
NIS F3.1
Mezofilne srednjoeuropske živice, šikare i šumski ru bovi
Bramble scrub on neutral and base-rich soils of West-
ern and Central Europe
RHA-01I Brachypodio pinnati-Juniperion commu nis 
Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016 – EUNIS F3.1, F3.2
Termofilne šikare obične borovice na vapnenačkoj pod-
lozi
Low-altitude thermophilous juniper scrub on calcarous 
substrates of Western and Central Europe



ŠKVORC Ž., JASPRICA N., ALEGRO A., KOVAČIĆ S., FRANJIĆ J., KRSTONOŠIĆ D., VRANEŠA A., ČARNI A.

206 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

RHA-01J Prunion fruticosae Tx. 1952 – EUNIS F3.1
Mezofilne panonske živice, šikare i šumski rubovi
Subcontinental and continental scrub in the forest-
steppe and steppe zones of Central and Eastern Europe

RHA-02 Paliuretalia Trinajstić 1978
Submediteranske živice, šikare i šumski rubovi
Thermophilous mantle, pseudomaquis and šibljak fringing 
oak forests of the submediterranean regions of southeast-
ern Europe

*RHA-02C Fraxino orni-Cotinion Soó 1960 – EU-
NIS F3.2
Panonske kserotermofilne živice, šikare i šumski rubovi
Thermophilous mantle vegetation of the Southern Pan-
nonian oak forests
Comment: This vegetation type is extrazonal submedi-
terranean vegetation of the southern Pannonian plain.
RHA-02E Paliuro-Petterion P. Fukarek 1962 (syn. 
Paliurion adriaticum Trinajstić 1977, Rhamno interme-
diae-Paliurion spinae-christi Trinajstić /1978/ 1996) – 
EUNIS F3.2
Dračici
Submediterranean thermophilous šibljak of the eastern 
Adriatic seaboards of the Balkan Peninsula

ROB Robinietea Jurko ex Hadač et Sofron 1980
Šumske sječine i antropogene šikare
Seral forest-clearing and anthropogenic successional scrub and 
thickets on nutrient-rich soils of temperate Europe

ROB-01 Sambucetalia racemosae Oberd. ex Doing 1962
Šumske sječine
Elder, willow and hazel scrub on nutrient-rich soils in for-
est clearings of temperate Europe

ROB-01A Sambuco-Salicion capreae Tx. et Neu-
mann ex Oberd. 1957 – EUNIS F3.1, G5.2, G5.6, 
G5.8
Šumske sječine
Elder, willow and hazel scrub on nutrient-rich soils in 
forest clearings of temperate Europe

ROB-02 Chelidonio-Robinietalia pseudoacaciae Jurko ex 
Hadač et Sofron 1980
Antropogene šikare i šumarci
Subspontaneous anthropogenic scrub and low-grown fo-
rest groves

ROB-02A Aegopodio podagrariae-Sambucion nigrae 
Chytrý 2013 – EUNIS F3.1
Šikare bazge
Anthropogenic elder scrub in ruderal habitats of West-
ern and Central Europe
ROB-02B Balloto nigrae-Robinion pseudoacaciae 
Hadač et Sofron 1980 – EUNIS G5.2
Kserofilne antropogene šikare i šumarci bagrema
Robinia groves with weedy understorey on loamy-san-
dy dry soils of Central and Eastern Europe
ROB-02C Chelidonio majoris-Robinion pseudoaca-
ciae Hadač et Sofron ex Vítkováin Chytrý 2013 – 
EUNIS G5.2
Mezofilne antropogene šikare i šumarci bagrema
Robinia groves with weedy understorey on nutrient-
rich mesic soils of Central and Eastern Europe
*ROB-02E Chelidonio-Acerion negundo L. Ishbird-
in et A. Ishbirdin 1989 – EUNIS F3.1, G5.2
Antropogene šikare i šumarci negundovca
Subspontaneous groves and scrub of Acer negundo of 
Eastern Europe

1.2.3. INTRAZONAL BOREO-TEMPERATE  
          GRASSLANDS AND HEATH

Intrazonalni travnjaci i vrištine borealnih i umjerenih 
područja

ULI Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944
Vrištine i acidofilne šikare obične borovice
Heath on acidic nutrient-poor soils in the lowland to montane 
belts of the temperate and boreal zones of Europe

ULI-02 Vaccinio myrtilli-Genistetalia pilosae Schu bert 
ex Passarge 1964
Vrištine
Heath of cold-atlantic, subcontinental and subboreal and 
boreal regions of Western, Central and northeastern Europe 
and Scandinavia

ULI-02B Calluno-Genistion pilosae P. Duvigneaud 
1945 (syn. Genistion pilosae Böcher 1943) – EUNIS 
F4.2
Vrištine
Low-altitude heath of the atlantic and subcontinental 
regions of temperate Europe

ULI-03 Vaccinio-Juniperetalia communis Passarge 1972
Acidofilne šikare obične borovice
Low-altitude acidophilous juniper scrub of temperate sub-
atlantic regions of Europe

ULI-03A Vaccinio-Juniperion communis Passarge in 
Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968 – EUNIS F3.1
Acidofilne šikare obične borovice
Low-altitude acidophilous juniper scrub of temperate 
subatlantic regions of Europe

NAR Nardetea strictae Rivas Goday et Borja Carbonell in 
Rivas Goday et Mayor López 1966 nom. conserv. propos.
Travnjaci tvrdače na siromašnim tlima
Secondary mat-grass swards on nutrient-poor soils at low and 
mid-altitudes of the temperate, boreal and subarctic regions of 
Europe

NAR-01 Nardetalia strictae Preising 1950
Travnjaci tvrdače na siromašnim tlima
Secondary mat-grass swards on nutrient-poor soils at low 
and mid-altitudes of temperate, boreal and subarctic re-
gions of Europe

NAR-01B Violion caninae Schwickerath 1944 – EU-
NIS E1.7, E5.3
Travnjaci tvrdače u nizinskom pojasu
Meso-subxerophytic oligotrophic pastures in the low-
land to submontane belts of Western and Central Europe
NAR-01D Nardo-Agrostion tenuis Sillinger 1933 – 
EUNIS E1.7
Travnjaci tvrdače u pretplaninskom pojasu
Mat-grass dry pastures in the submontane to subalpine 
belts of the mountain ranges of Central Europe and the 
Northern Balkans
NAR-01H Achilleo-Arnicion Horvat et Pawłowski 
in Horvat 1960 (syn. Calluno-Festucion capillatae 
Horvat ex Horvat et al. 1974) – EUNIS E1.7
Travnjaci tvrdače u brdskom i gorskom pojasu
Oligotrophic pastures in the lowland to submontane 
belts of the Western Balkans

COR Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis Klika in Klika et 
Novák1941
Panonski travnjaci na pješčanim tlima
Dry grasslands on sandy soils and on rocky outcrops of the 
temperate to boreal zones of Europe, the North Atlantic islands 
and Greenland



VEGETATION OF CROATIA

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 207

COR-02 Festucetalia vaginatae Soó 1957
Panonski travnjaci na pješčanim tlima
European (sub)continental fescue sandy steppes in the for-
est-steppe and steppe zones of Europe

COR-02A Festucion vaginatae Soó 1929 – EUNIS 
E1.1
Panonski travnjaci na pješčanim tlima
Pannonian subcontinental fescue sandy steppes

SED Sedo-Scleranthetea Br.-Bl. 1955
Pionirska vegetacija na plitkim i kamenitim tlima
Pioneer vegetation on shallow soils on rocky siliceous out-
crops on siliceous rocks of the temperateand boreal Europe

SED-03 Thero-Airetalia Rivas Goday 1964
Pionirska vegetacija na plitkim i kamenitim silikatnim tlima
Pioneer vegetation on acidic shallow soils of the winter-
mild atlantic and subboreal regions of Western Europe, the 
Northern Iberian Peninsula and Madeira

SED-03A Thero-Airion Tx. ex Oberd. 1957 – EUNIS 
E1.1, E1.9
Pionirska vegetacija na plitkim i kamenitim silikatnim 
tlima
Pioneer vegetation on acidic shallow soils of the win-
ter-mild atlantic and subboreal regions of Western Eu-
rope, the northern Iberian Peninsula and Madeira

SED-04 Alysso-Sedetalia Moravec 1967
Pionirska vegetacija na plitkim i kamenitim vapne nač kim 
tlima te bazičnim pijescima
European temperate pioneer therophyte and stonecrop 
swards on calcareous shallow skeletal soils and base-rich 
sands

SED-04A Alysso alyssoidis-Sedion Oberd. et T. Mül-
ler in T. Müller 1961 – EUNIS E1.1, H3.6
Pionirska vegetacija na plitkim i kamenitim vap ne nač­
kim tlima
Thermophilous stonecrop vegetation on weathered cal-
careous rocks of temperate Europe
*SED-04H Bassio laniflorae-Bromion tectorum Bo-
rhidi 1996 nom. conserv. propos. – EUNIS E1.1
Panonska pionirska vegetacija na bazičnim pijescima
Pannonian annual open swards on base-rich sandy sub-
strates

GER Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei T. Müller 1962
Šumski rubovi s prevlašću visokih zeleni
Thermophilous forest fringe and tall-herb vegetation in nutri-
ent-poor sites in the submediterranean to subboreal zones of 
Europe and the Macaronesia

GER-01 Origanetalia vulgaris T. Müller 1962
Mezofilni šumski rubovi s prevlašću visokih zeleni
Meso-subxerophytic fringe and tall-herb vegetation on nu-
trient-poor but base-rich soils of temperate and subboreal 
Europe

GER-01B Trifolion medii T. Müller 1962 – EUNIS 
E5.2
Mezofilni šumski rubovi s prevlašću visokih zeleni
Meso-subxerophytic fringe vegetation on nutrient-poor 
but base-rich soils at lower altitudes of temperate West-
ern and Central Europe

GER-02 Antherico ramosi-Geranietalia sanguinei Julve 
ex Dengler in Dengler etal. 2003
Termofilni šumski rubovi s prevlašću visokih zeleni
Xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation on nutrient-
poor and base-rich soils in the submediterranean, temper-
ate and subboreal zones of Europe

GER-02A Geranion sanguinei Tx. in T. Müller 1962 
– EUNIS E5.2
Srednjoeuropski termofilni šumski rubovi s prevlašću 
visokih zeleni
Xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation of the sub-
continental Western and Central Europe
GER-02C Dictamno albi-Ferulagion galbaniferae 
(van Gils et al. 1975) de Foucaultet al. ex Čarni et 
Dengler in Mucina et al. 2009 – EUNIS E5.2
Ilirski termofilni šumski rubovi s prevlašću visokih 
zeleni
Xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation of the Illyr-
ian and Dinaric regions of the Balkan Peninsula

GER-05 Melampyro-Holcetalia mollis Passarge in 
Theurillat et al. 1995
Acidofilni šumski rubovi s prevlašću visokih zeleni
Meso-xerophytic fringe and tall-herb on acidic soils in the 
submediterranean to subboreal zones of Europe

GER-05A Melampyrion pratensis Passarge 1979 – 
EUNIS E5.2
Acidofilni šumski rubovi s prevlašću visokih zeleni
Meso-xerophytic forest-edge communities on acidic 
soils in semi-shady to sunny habitats of temperate and 
(sub)boreal Europe

MOL Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937
Vegetacija travnjaka i visokih zeleni na dubokim tlima
Anthropogenic managed pastures, meadows and tall-herb 
meadow fringes on fertile deep soils at low and mid-altitudes 
(rarely also high altitudes) of Europe

MOL-01 Arrhenatheretalia elatioris Tx. 1931
Mezofilne livade i pašnjaci
Mown meadows and pastures on well-drained mineral 
soils at low and mid-altitudes of temperate and subboreal 
Europe

MOL-01A Arrhenatherion elatioris Luquet 1926 – 
EUNIS E2.2, E2.7
Mezofilne livade od nizinskog do brdskog pojasa
Mesic mown meadows on mineral-rich soils in the 
lowland to submontane belts of temperate Europe
MOL-01B Phyteumato-Trisetion Ellmauer et Muci-
na 1993 – EUNIS E2.3
Mezofilne livade u brdskom i gorskom pojasu
Mesic mown meadows on relatively mineral-poor soils 
in the submontane and montane belts of Central Eu-
rope
MOL-01C Cynosurion cristati Tx. 1947 – EUNIS 
E2.1, E2.6
Mezofilni pašnjaci
Mesic pastures on well-drained mineral-rich soils at 
low to mid-altitudes of temperate Europe
MOL-01D Alchemillo-Ranunculion repentis Pas-
sarge 1979 – EUNIS E2.8
Slabo gaženi mezofilni travnjaci
Slightly trampled herb-rich grasslands in shaded ha bit ats 
of the temperate and subboreal regions of Europe

MOL-05 Molinietalia caeruleae Koch 1926
Vlažne livade
Wet mown meadows on mineral and peaty soils in the tem-
perate to subarctic zones of Europe

MOL-05A Molinion caeruleae Koch 1926 – EUNIS 
E3.5
Vlažne livade u nizinskom pojasu



ŠKVORC Ž., JASPRICA N., ALEGRO A., KOVAČIĆ S., FRANJIĆ J., KRSTONOŠIĆ D., VRANEŠA A., ČARNI A.

208 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

Mown meadows on temporarily wet soils at low alti-
tudes of temperate Western and Central Europe
MOL-05B Calthion palustris Tx. 1937 – EUNIS E3.4
Vlažne livade s higrofilnim zelenima
Herb-rich temporarily wet mown meadows on mineral 
soils at low altitudes of suboceanic Western and sub-
continental Central Europe
MOL-05D Deschampsion caespitosae Horvatić 1930 
(syn. Alopecurion pratensis Passarge 1964) – EUNIS 
E3.4
Periodično vlažne nizinske livade na teškim tlima
Mown temporarily wet meadows on heavy soils on 
floodplains in the forest and forest-steppe zones of 
(sub)continental Central and Eastern Europe

MOL-06 Trifolio-Hordeetalia Horvatić 1963
Vlažni djetelinski travnjaci
Amphiadriatic wet meadows on gleyic soils of the river 
floodplains and karstic poljes of the Apennine and Balkan 
Peninsulas

MOL-06A Molinio-Hordeion secalini Horvatić 1934 
(syn. Alopecurion utriculati Zeidler 1954) – EUNIS 
E3.3
Vlažni djetelinski travnjaci u krškim poljima
Vegetation of wet meadows of the submediterranean 
precipitation-rich regions of the Balkans
MOL-06D Trifolion pallidi Ilijanić 1969 – EUNIS 
E3.3
Kontinentalni vlažni djetelinski travnjaci
Vegetation of wet meadows of the subhumid continen-
tal regions of Northern Serbia

MOL-08 Filipendulo ulmariae-Lotetalia uliginosi Pas-
sarge 1975
Zajednice visokih zeleni uz rubove potoka i vlažnih trav­
njaka
Tall-herb wet meadow fringe vegetation on mineral soils of 
temperate Europe

MOL-08A Filipendulo-Petasition Br.-Bl. ex Duvi-
gneaud 1949 – EUNIS E5.4
Zajednice visokih zeleni uz rubove potoka i vlažnih 
travnjaka u brdskom i gorskom pojasu
Tall-herb fringe wet meadow vegetation on neutral and 
slightly basic mineral soils in the submontane and 
montane belts of Western and Central Europe
MOL-08E Mentho longifoliae-Juncion inflexi T. 
Müller et Görs ex de Foucault 2009 – EUNIS D5.3, 
E3.4
Zajednice visokih zeleni uz rubove potoka i vlažnih 
travnjaka u nizinskom pojasu
Tall-herb temporarily flooded lightly-grazed nutrient-
rich meadow fringes in riparian and alluvial habitats of 
temperate Europe

MOL-10 Potentillo-Polygonetalia avicularis Tx. 1947 
(syn. Agrostietalia stoloniferae Oberd. in Oberd. et al. 
1967)
Periodično plavljeni pašnjaci u nizinskom pojasu
Temporarily flooded and heavily grazed zoo-anthropogen-
ic nutrient-rich meadows and pastures of the temperate and 
mediterranean regions of Europe

MOL-10A Potentillion anserinae Tx. 1947 – EUNIS 
E3.4
Periodično plavljeni pašnjaci u nizinskom pojasu
Temporarily flooded and heavily grazed nutrient-rich 

pastures experiencing variable wet-dry or brackish-
fresh alternating conditions of temperate Europe
Comment: The name Agropyro-Rumicion crispi Nord-
hagen 1940 has been used predominantly for inland 
communities of flooded pastures (e.g. Tri najstić 2008). 
However, Agropyro-Rumicion crispi Nordhagen 1940 
as including very different communities of maritime 
strandline vegetation (Mucina et al. 2016).

1.2.4. VEGETATION OF THE NEMORAL OROSYSTEMS
Vegetacija orosustava u šumskoj zoni umjerenih 
područja

SAB Junipero-Pinetea sylvestris Rivas-Mart. 1965 nom. in-
vers. propos.
Oromediteranske borove šume
Relict oromediterranean and submediterranean orotemperate 
dry pine forests, juniper woods and related scrub of the Medi-
terranean

SAB-03 Berberido creticae-Juniperetalia excelsae Mu-
cina in Mucina et al. 2016
Oromediteranske borove šume
Relict submediterranean supramediterranean dry pine for-
ests and juniper woods of the Central and Eastern Mediter-
ranean

SAB-03D Berberido creticae-Juniperion foetidissi-
mae S. Brullo et al. 2001 – EUNIS G3.5
Oromediteranske borove šume
Silicicolous montane pine and juniper woods and re-
lated scrub of continental Hellas, Cyprus, Anatolia and 
Lebanon
Comment: According to Brullo et al. (2001) these com-
munities are spread not only on silicicolous but various 
supstrata. Furthermore, Sedlar et al. (2011) suggest the 
Dalmatian pine forests to be included within Berberido 
creticae-Juniperion foetidissimae.

ERI Erico-Pinetea Horvat 1959
Bazofilne šume običnog i crnog bora
Relict pine forests and related scrub on calcareous and ultra-
mafic substrates of the Balkans, the Alps, the Carpathians and 
Crimea

ERI-01 Erico-Pinetalia Horvat 1959 nom. conserv. pro-
pos.
Bazofilne šume običnog i crnog bora
Relict Pinus nigra forests on dolomite and ultramafic sub-
strates of the Dinarides

ERI-01F Erico-Fraxinion orni Horvat 1959 nom. in-
vers. propos. (syn. Fraxino orni-Ericion Horvat 1959) 
– EUNIS G3.5
Bazofilne šume običnog i crnog bora
Relict Pinus nigra forests on dolomite and ultramafic 
substrates of the Dinarides

MUG Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo Theurillat in Theu-
rillat et al.1995
Klekovina krivulja
Pine krummholz in the subalpine belts of the nemoral moun tain 
ranges of Europe

MUG-01 Junipero-Pinetalia mugo Boşcaiu 1971
Klekovina krivulja
Pine krummholz in the subalpine belts of the nemoral 
mountain ranges of Europe

MUG-01D Lonicero borbasianae-Pinion mugo 
Čarni et Mucina 2015 – EUNIS F2.4



VEGETATION OF CROATIA

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 209

Klekovina krivulja
Subalpine calcicolous pine krummholz of the Balkan 
Peninsula

RHO Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetea carneae Schubert et al. 
2001
Pretplaninske sastojine niskog grmlja
Supramontane to subalpine low heath on calcareous skeletal 
soils, rocky outcrops, lapies (karren) and boulders of the Alps, 
Apennines and Dinarides

RHO-01 Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Grab-
herr et al. 1993
Pretplaninske sastojine niskog grmlja
Supramontane to subalpine low heath on calcareous skele-
tal soils, rocky outcrops, lapiés and boulders of the Alps, 
the Apennines and the Dinarides

RHO-01B Aquilegio nigricantis-Rhododendrion hir-
suti Čarni et Mucina 2015 – EUNIS F2.2
Pretplaninske sastojine niskog grmlja u središnjim Di-
naridima
Subalpine heath on rocky calcareous soils of the Cen-
tral Dinarides
Comment: The name Ericion carneae Rübel ex Grab-
herr et al. 1993 has been used for this communities 
(e.g. Surina 2013). However, Ericion carneae Rübel ex 
Grabherr et al. 1993 is vicariant alliance of the Alps, 
the Apennines and the Northern Dinarides (Mucina et 
al. 2016).
*RHO-01C Daphno oleoidis-Genistion radiatae N. 
Ranđelović et Rexhepi 1980 – EUNIS F2.2
Pretplaninske sastojine niskog grmlja u južnim Dinari-
dima
Relic supramontane to subalpine low heath on ultramaf-
ic and calcareous substrates of the Southern Dinarides

VIR Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis Rejmánek ex Boeuf, 
Theurillat,Willner, Mucina et Simler in Boeuf et al. 2014
Gorska i pretplaninska vegetacija listopadnog grmlja
Subalpine and subarctic herb-rich alder and willow scrub and 
krummholz of the Alps, the Carpathians, the Hercynicum, the 
Balkans, the Caucasus, Northern Europe and Greenland

VIR-01 Alnetalia viridis Rübel ex Karner et Willner in 
Willner et Grabherr 2007
Pretplaninske zajednice listopadnog grmlja
Subalpine herb-rich alder and willow scrub and krumm-
holz of the Alps, the Balkans and the Caucasus

VIR-01A Alnion viridis Schnyder 1930 – EUNIS 
F2.3
Pretplaninske zajednice listopadnog grmlja
Subalpine green alder scrub on fertile soils of the Alps 
and the Balkans

VIR-02 Rhamnetalia fallacis P. Fukarek 1969
Dinarske gorske i pretplaninske zajednice listopadnog 
grmlja
Relict deciduous scrub in the montane and subalpine belts 
of the Southern Alps, Dinarides and Apennines

VIR-02B Lonicero-Rhamnion fallacis P. Fukarek 
1969 – EUNIS F2.3
Dinarske gorske i pretplaninske zajednice listopadnog 
grmlja
Relict deciduous scrub in the supramontane and subal-
pine belts of the Dinarides and Apennines

MUL Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadač et Klika in Klika et 
Hadač 1944

Brdska do pretplaninska vegetacija visokih zeleni
Tall-herb vegetation in nutrient-rich habitats moistened and 
fertilized by percolating water at high altitudes of Europe, Si-
beria and Greenland

MUL-01 Adenostyletalia alliariae Br.-Bl. 1930
Gorske i pretplaninske zajednice visokih zeleni
Tall-herb vegetation on fertile soils at high altitudes of 
temperate and mediterranean Europe

MUL-01A Adenostylion alliariae Br.-Bl. 1926 nom. 
conserv. propos. – EUNIS E5.5
Pretplaninske zajednice visokih zeleni na dubokim 
dekalcificiranim tlima
Tall-herb vegetation on siliceous substrates at high alti-
tudes in the nemoral zone of Europe
MUL-01C Delphinion elati Hadač in Hadač et al. 
1969 – EUNIS E5.5
Gorske i pretplaninske zajednice visokih zeleni na 
vapnenačkim tlima
Submontane to subalpine calcicolous tall-herb vegeta-
tion of the Carpathians

MUL-03 Petasito-Chaerophylletalia Morariu 1967
Brdske i gorske zajednice visokih zeleni
Tall-herb vegetation on nutrient-rich soils along mountain 
streams of Central Europe, the Balkans and the Apen nines

MUL-03A Petasition officinalis Sillinger 1933 – EU-
NIS E5.4
Brdske i gorske zajednice visokih zeleni na aluvijalnim 
nanosima
Tall-herb vegetation on raw alluvia of streams in the 
upper colline to supramontane belts of the Carpathians 
and the Hercynicum
MUL-03B Arunco-Petasition albi Br.-Bl. et Sutter 
1977 – EUNIS E5.4
Gorske zajednice visokih zeleni strmih padina na skel-
etnim tlima
Tall-herb vegetation on skeletal nutrient-rich soils on 
steep slopes in the montane and supramontane belts of 
the Alps

MUL-04 Senecioni rupestris-Rumicetalia alpini Mucina 
et Karner in Mucina et al. 2016
Gorske i pretplaninske antropogene zajednice visokih zeleni
Tall-herb anthropogenic vegetation on nutrient-rich soils in 
the upper montane to alpine belts of the nemoral mountain 
ranges of Europe

*MUL-04A Rumicion alpini Scharfetter 1938 – EU-
NIS E5.5
Gorske i pretplaninske antropogene zajednice visokih 
zeleni
Tall-herb anthropogenic vegetation on nutrient-rich 
soils in the upper montane to alpine belts of the 
nemoral mountain ranges of Europe

SES Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948
Pretplaninske i planinske rudine na vapnenačkoj podlozi
Alpine and subalpine calcicolous swards of the nemoral moun-
tain ranges of Europe

SES-01 Seslerietalia caeruleae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 
1926
Srednjoeuropske pretplaninske i planinske rudine na vap-
nenačkoj podlozi
Alpine and subalpine calcicolous grasslands of the ne moral 
mountain ranges of Central Europe

SES-01C Caricion ferrugineae G. Br.-Bl. et Br.-Bl. 
in G. Br.-Bl. 1931 – EUNIS E4.4



ŠKVORC Ž., JASPRICA N., ALEGRO A., KOVAČIĆ S., FRANJIĆ J., KRSTONOŠIĆ D., VRANEŠA A., ČARNI A.

210 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

Srednjoeuropske pretplaninske i planinske rudine na 
vapnenačkoj podlozi
Supramontane to alpine calcicolous meso-hygrophi-
lous sedge swards of the Alps and the Carpathians

SES-02 Seslerietalia tenuifoliae Horvat 1930
Dinarske gorske do planinske rudine na vapnenačkoj pod-
lozi
Montane to alpine calcicolous tussock grasslands of the 
Northern Balkans and the Apennines

SES-02A Seslerion tenuifoliae Horvat 1930 – EUNIS 
E4.4
Dinarske gorske i pretplaninske rudine izložene vjetru
Montane and subalpine calcicolous blue-grass tussock 
grasslands of the Illyrian region and the Northern Di-
narides
SES-02B Seslerio juncifoliae-Caricion firmae 
Trinajstić 2005 – EUNIS E4.4
Dinarske planinske rudine izložene vjetru
Alpine calcicolous sedge swards in wind-exposed hab-
itats in the alpine belt of the Illyrian region and the 
Northern Dinarides
SES-02 Festucion pungentis Horvat 1930 (syn. Fes-
tucion bosniacae Horvat 1930) – EUNIS E4.4
Dinarske pretplaninske rudine zaštićene od vjetra
Subalpine calcicolous tussock grasslands on steep ter-
raced slopes of the Northern Dinarides

1.3. VEGETATION OF THE STEPPE ZONE
       Vegetacija stepske zone
1.3.1. ZONAL STEPPE GRASSLANDS
          Zonalni stepski travnjaci
FES Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Soó 1947
Suhi bazofilni travnjaci
Dry grassland and steppe vegetation of mostly base- and col-
loid-rich soils in the submediterranean, nemoral and hemibo-
real zones of Europe

FES-01 Brachypodietalia pinnati Korneck 1974 nom. 
conserv. propos. (syn. Brometalia erecti Koch 1926 nom. 
ambig. rejic. propos., Brometalia erecti Br.-Bl. 1936 nom. 
ambig. rejic. propos.)
Umjereno suhi brdski travnjaci na vapnenačkoj podlozi
Meso-xerophytic grasslands on deep calcareous soils of 
Western and Central Europe

FES-01A Bromion erecti Koch 1926 – EUNIS E1.2
Umjereno suhi brdski travnjaci na vapnenačkoj pod-
lozi pod utjecajem atlantske klime
Meso-xerophytic basiphilous grasslands of Western 
Europe and subatlantic Central Europe
FES-01B Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati Hadač et 
Klika in Klika et Hadač ex Klika1951 – EUNIS E1.2
Umjereno suhi brdski travnjaci na vapnenačkoj pod lozi 
pod utjecajem kontinentalne klime
Meso-xerophytic basiphilous grasslands of the subcon-
tinental regions of Central and southeastern Europe

FES-02 Festucetalia valesiacae Soó 1947
Stepski travnjaci na dubokim vapnenačkim tlima
Steppes and rocky steppic grasslands on deep soils in the 
steppe and forest-steppe zones of Europe and northwestern 
Central Asia

FES-02A Festucion valesiacae Klika 1931 nom. con-
serv. propos. – EUNIS E1.2
Stepski travnjaci na dubokim vapnenačkim tlima

Steppe fescue grasslands on deep calcareous soils of 
subcontinental Central Europe, Romania, Bulgaria and 
northwestern Ukraine

FES-05 Stipo pulcherrimae-Festucetalia pallentis Pop 
1968 nom. conserv. propos.
Kamenjarski stepski travnjaci na vapnenačkoj podlozi
Xerophilous open steppic grasslands on shallow rocky cal-
careous and siliceous substrates of Central and southeast-
ern Europe

*FES-05D Chrysopogono-Festucion dalmaticae Bo-
rhidi 1996 – EUNIS E1.1.
Peripanonski kamenjarski stepski travnjaci na vapne-
načkoj podlozi
Xerophilous rocky steppic grasslands on calcareous sub-
strates of the southern fringes of the Pannonian Basin
FES-05I Diantho lumnitzeri-Seslerion (Soó 1971) 
Chytrý et Mucina in Mucina et Kolbek 1993 – EU-
NIS E1.1, E1.2
Dealpinski reliktni kamenjarski stepski travnjaci na 
vapnenačkoj podlozi
Dealpine relict xerophilous steppic grasslands on cal-
careous substrates of southeastern Central Europe

FES-09 Scorzoneretalia villosae Kovačević 1959 (syn. 
Scorzonero villosae-Chrysopogonetalia grylli Horvatić et 
Horvat in Horvatić 1957)
Submediteranski suhi travnjaci na vapnenačkoj podlozi
Amphiadriatic dry steppic submediterranean pastures of 
the Prealpine, Illyrian and Dinaric regions

FES-09A Chrysopogono grylli-Koelerion splendentis 
Horvatić 1973 (syn. Chrysopogono-Saturejion subspi-
catae Horvat et Horvatić 1934, Festucion illyricae /
Horvat 1962/ Trinajstić 2000) – EUNIS E1.2
Submediteranski suhi travnjaci na plitkim tlima
Illyrian submediterranean rocky grasslands on shallow 
calcareous soils
FES-09B Saturejion subspicatae Tomić-Stanković 
1970 – EUNIS E1.2
Submediteransko-montani suhi kamenjarski trav njaci
Dinaric submediterranean montane calcareous rocky 
grasslands on shallow soils
FES-09D Scorzonerion villosae Horvatić ex Kova-
čević 1959 – EUNIS E1.2
Submediteranski suhi travnjaci na dubokim tlima
Prealpic and Illyrian meso-xerophytic submediterra-
nean grasslands on deep and partly decalcified soils

1.3.2. INTRAZONAL SALINE VEGETATION OF  
          THE STEPPE ZONE
          Intrazonalna halofitska vegetacija stepske zone
FEP Festuco-Puccinellietea Soó ex Vicherek 1973
Stepski travnjaci na zaslanjenim tlima
Saline steppes and secondary saline steppic grasslands of the 
continental regions of Europe

FEP-01 Puccinellietalia Soó 1947
Stepski travnjaci na zaslanjenim tlima
Meso-xerophytic saline pastures in the subcontinental and 
submediterranean zones of the southern regions of Central 
and Southern Europe

FEP-01C Puccinellion limosae Soó 1933 – EUNIS 
E6.2
Stepski travnjaci na zaslanjenim tlima
Pannonian hypersaline open grasslands on solonetz 
soils



VEGETATION OF CROATIA

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 211

CRY Crypsietea aculeatae Vicherek 1973
Pionirska vegetacija povremenih slanih močvara
Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation in periodically 
flooded saline habitats of submediterranean and (sub)continen-
tal Eurasia

CRY-01 Crypsietalia aculeatae Vicherek 1973
Pionirske zajednice povremenih slanih močvara
Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation in periodically 
flooded saline habitats of submediterranean and (sub)con-
tinental Eurasia

CRY-01B Heleochloion schoenioidis Br.-Bl. ex Rivas 
Goday 1956 – EUNIS E6.1, C3.5
Pionirska zajednice povremenih slanih močvara
Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation in periodi-
cally flooded saline habitats in the (sub)mediterranean 
regions of Southern Europe and North Africa

1.4. VEGETATION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN ZONE
       Vegetacija primorske zone
1.4.1. ZONAL MEDITERRANEAN FORESTS AND  
          SCRUB
          Zonalne primorske šume i šikare
QUI Quercetea ilicis Br.-Bl. ex A. Bolós et O. de Bolòs in A. 
Bolòs y Vayreda 1950
Primorske vazdazelene šume i makije
Thermo-mesomediterranean pine and oak forests and associat-
ed macchia of the Mediterranean

QUI-01 Quercetalia ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934
Primorske vazdazelene šume i makije crnike
Evergreen and semi-deciduous thermo- to supramediterra-
nean oak and relict laurel forests of the Central and West-
ern Mediterranean

QUI-01D Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi, 
Casavecchia et Gigante in Biondi et al. 2013 – EU-
NIS F5.2, G2.1
Primorske vazdazelene šume i makije crnike
Evergreen and semideciduous calciphilous holm oak 
forests of the Central Mediterranean

QUI-03 Pinetalia halepensis Biondi, Blasi, Galdenzi, 
Pesaresi et Vagge in Biondi et al. 2014
Šume alepskog bora
Thermo-mesomediterranean pine forests of the Central and 
Eastern Mediterranean

QUI-03A Pistacio lentisci-Pinion halepensis Biondi, 
Blasi, Galdenzi, Pesaresi et Vagge in Biondi et al. 
2014 – EUNIS G3.7
Šume alepskog bora
Thermo-mesomediterranean Aleppo pine forests on 
calcareous substrates of the Central Mediterranean

QUI-04 Pistacio lentisci-Rhamnetalia alaterni Rivas-
Mart. 1975
Kserotermne makije
Thermo-mesomediterranean low-grown matorral, macchia 
and garrigue of the Mediterranean Basin

QUI-04H Oleo-Ceratonion siliquae Br.-Bl. ex Gui-
nochet et Drouineau 1944 – EUNIS B1.6, F5.2, F5.4, 
F5.5, G2.4
Kserotermne makije
Thermomediterranean calcicolous macchia of the Li-
guro-Tyrrhenian seaboards

ROS Ononido-Rosmarinetea Br.-Bl. in A. Bolòs y Vayreda 
1950 (syn. Cisto-Micromerietea julianae Oberd. 1954, Erico-

Cistetea Trinajstić 1985)
Primorski bušici
Mediterranean scrub (tomillar, espleguer, romeral, garrigue, 
phrygana, batha) on base-rich substrates

ROS-06 Cisto-Micromerietalia julianae Oberd. 1954 
(syn. Cisto-Ericetalia Horvatić 1958)
Primorski bušici
Themo-mesomediterranean phrygana of the continental 
Hellas and the Adriatic and Ionian seaboards

ROS-06A Cisto cretici-Ericion manipuliflorae Hor-
vatić 1958 – EUNIS B1.6, F6.3
Primorski bušici
Thermomediterranean calcicolous garrigue of the Dal-
matian and Istrian Adriatic seaboards

1.4.2. INTRAZONAL MEDITERRANEAN SCRUB
          Intrazonalne primorske šikare
NER Nerio-Tamaricetea Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958
Primorske šikare uz trajne i povremene vodotoke
Circummediterranean and Macaronesian riparian scrub

NER-01 Tamaricetalia africanae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bo lòs 
1958
Primorske šikare uz trajne i povremene vodotoke
Circummediterranean and Macaronesian riparian scrub

NER-01E Tamaricion dalmaticae Jasprica in Jas-
prica et al. 2016 – EUNIS F9.3
Primorske šikare uz trajne i povremene vodotoke
Thermo-mesomediterranean tamarisk scrub of the Bal-
kan Adriatic seaboards

CYT Cytisetea scopario-striati Rivas-Mart. 1974
Šikare zečjaka
Mediterranean and (sub)atlantic temperate broomy scrub (reta-
mal, piornal, escobonal) seral to forests on acidic substrates

CYT-03 Spartio juncei-Cytisetalia scoparii Mucina in 
Mucina et al. 2016
Šikare zečjaka
Temperate (sub)atlantic broom heath of Western Europe 
and the Southern European peninsulas

*CYT-03A Sarothamnion scoparii Oberd. 1957 – 
EUNIS F3.1
Šikare zečjaka
Acidophilous broom and gorse mantle on forest edges 
and in forest clearings of the (sub)atlanticregions of 
Western Europe
Comment: This type of vegetation is of anthropogenic 
origin and is spreading subspontaneously.

1.4.3. INTRAZONAL MEDITERRANEAN  
          GRASSLANDS AND HERBLANDS
          Intrazonalni primorski travnjaci
LYG Lygeo sparti-Stipetea tenacissimae Rivas-Mart. 1978 
nom. conserv. propos. (Thero-Brachypodietea Br.-Bl. in Br.-
Bl. et al. 1947)
Primorski travnjaci s prevlašću trajnica na vapnenačkoj pod-
lozi
Circummediterranean pseudosteppes on calcareous rocky sub-
strates and relict edaphic steppes ondeep clayey soils

LYG-01 Cymbopogono-Brachypodietalia ramosi Hor va-
tić 1963
Primorski travnjaci s prevlašću trajnica na vapnenačkoj 
podlozi
Circum-mediterranean thermo- to supramediterranean pse-
udosteppes on sandy-loamy soils over calcareous bedrocks



ŠKVORC Ž., JASPRICA N., ALEGRO A., KOVAČIĆ S., FRANJIĆ J., KRSTONOŠIĆ D., VRANEŠA A., ČARNI A.

212 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

LYG-01G Cymbopogono-Brachypodion ramosi Hor-
va tić 1963 – EUNIS E1.3
Primorski travnjaci s prevlašću trajnica na vapne na­
čkoj podlozi
Thermo-mesomediterranean pseudosteppes on calcare-
ous sandy soils of the Eastern Mediterranean

BUL Poetea bulbosae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-
Mart. 1978
Primorski pašnjaci na dekalcificiranim tlima
Mediterranean and Magrebinian seasonal perennial and ep-
hemeroid pastures in the thermo- to oromediterranean belts

BUL-01 Poetalia bulbosae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 
in Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970
Primorski pašnjaci na dekalcificiranim tlima
Mediterranean and Maghrebinian seasonal perennial and 
ephemeroid pastures in the thermo- to oromediterranean 
belts

BUL-01F Romulion Oberd. 1954 – EUNIS E1.3
Primorski pašnjaci na dekalcificiranim tlima
Macedonian seasonal perennial pastures on acidic sub-
strates

TUB Helianthemetea guttati Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 
1963
Primorski travnjaci s prevlašću jednogodišnjih biljaka na 
dekalcificiranim tlima
Mediterranean and submediterranean-atlantic annual low-
grown ephemeral herb- and grass-rich vegetation on acidic 
substrates

TUB-02 Vulpietalia Pignatti 1953
Primorski travnjaci s prevlašću jednogodišnjih biljaka na 
dekalcificiranim tlima
Mediterranean and Ibero-Atlantic ephemeral therophytic 
vegetation on coastal sand dunes under influence of salt 
spray

TUB-02D Vulpio-Lotion Horvatić 1963 (syn. Loto 
angustifoliae-Vulpion ciliatae Horvatić 1960 nom. in-
vers. propos.) – EUNIS E1.A, B1.4
Primorski travnjaci s prevlašću jednogodišnjih bi ljaka 
na dekalcificiranim tlima
Ephemeral therophytic vegetation on the terra rossa 
and decalcified soils of the Illyrian-Dinaric coastal re-
gions

TRA Stipo-Trachynietea distachyae S. Brullo in S. Brullo et 
al. 2001
Primorski travnjaci s prevlašću jednogodišnjih biljaka na 
vapnenačkoj podlozi
Mediterranean calciphilous annual and ephemeroid swards 
and grasslands

TRA-02 Ptilostemono stellati-Vulpietalia ciliatae Muci-
na ined.
Primorski travnjaci s prevlašću jednogodišnjih biljaka na 
vapnenačkoj podlozi
Central and Eastern Mediterranean therophytic swards on 
shallow sandy and loamy soils over limestone and gypsum 
substrates

TRA-02A Vulpio ciliatae-Crepidion neglectae Poldi-
ni 1989 – EUNIS E1.3
Primorski travnjaci s prevlašću jednogodišnjih bi ljaka 
na vapnenačkoj podlozi
Therophytic swards on disturbed calcareous rubble-
rich shallow soils of the Adriatic and Ionian seaboards

2. AZONAL VEGETATION
    Azonalna vegetacija
2.1. ALLUVIAL FORESTS AND SCRUB
       Aluvijalne šume i šikare
POP Alno glutinosae-Populetea albae P. Fukarek et 
Fabijanić 1968
Galerijske i plavljene šume uz vodotoke
Riparian gallery forests of the Eurosiberian and Mediterranean 
regions

POP-01 Populetalia albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1949 nom. 
conserv. propos.
Sredozemne galerijske šume uz vodotoke
Mediterranean and submediterranean riparian gallery forests

*POP-01F Lauro nobilis-Fraxinion angustifoliae I. 
Kárpáti et V. Kárpáti 1961 – EUNIS G1.3
Sredozemne galerijske šume uz vodotoke
Riparian gallery forests with relict laurisilva elements of 
the eastern submediterranean regions of the Apen nine 
and Balkan Peninsulas
Comment: There are only remnants of the white poplar 
stands in Mediterranean Croatia (Krčić, Župa 
Dubrovačka, lower Neretva). Some authors do not sep-
arate this alliance from the west-mediterranean Popu-
lion albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1949 (Douda et al. 2015).

POP-02 Alno-Fraxinetalia excelsioris Passarge 1968
Vlažne i periodično plavljene šume na aluvijalnim nanosima
Floodplain riparian forests on nutrient-rich alluvial soils of 
temperate and boreal Europe

POP-02A Alnion incanae Pawłowski et al. 1928 – 
EUNIS G1.2
Šume crne i bijele johe uz vodotoke
Alder-ash and oak riparian floodplain forests on nutri-
ent-rich alluvial soils in the nemoral zone of Europe
POP-02D Alno-Quercion roboris Horvat 1950 – EU-
NIS G1.2
Šume s prevlašću lužnjaka, poljskog jasena i brijesta u 
nizinskom pojasu
Alder-oak riparian floodplain forests on nutrient-rich 
alluvial soils of the temperate regions of the Balkan 
Peninsula
Comment: There are different approaches to syntaxon-
omy of lowland forests (Vukelić et al. 2012). Some au-
thors do not separate Alno-Quercion roboris Horvat 
1950 from Alnion incanae Pawłowski et al. 1928 
(Douda et al. 2015).

PUR Salicetea purpureae Moor 1958
Šume i šikare vrba uz vodotoke
Willow and tamarisk scrub and low open forests of riparian 
habitats in the temperate to arctic zones of Europe

PUR-01 Salicetalia purpureae Moor 1958
Šume i šikare vrba uz vodotoke
Willow scrub and low open forests of riparian habitats in 
the temperate to arctic zones of Europe

PUR-01A Salicion elaeagno-daphnoidis (Moor 1958) 
Grass 1993 – EUNIS F9.1
Šikare vrba uz vodotoke u brdskom i gorskom pojasu
Willow scrub on the gravelly stream banks in the sub-
montane to subalpine belts of the Alps, the Pyrenees 
and the Carpathians
PUR-01B Salicion albae Soó 1951 – EUNIS G1.1
Šume vrba i topola uz vodotoke od nizinskog do brdsk-
og pojasa, te u submediteranu



VEGETATION OF CROATIA

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 213

Willow and poplar low open forests of lowland to sub-
montane river alluvia in the nemoral zone of Europe 
and at high altitudes of the Mediterranean
PUR-01C Salicion triandrae T. Müller et Görs 1958 
– EUNIS F9.1
Šikare vrba uz vodotoke od nizinskog do brdskog po-
jasa
Willow scrub on loamy-sandy sedimentary river banks 
in the lowland to submontane belts of the nemoral zone 
of Europe

2.2. SWAMP FORESTS AND SCRUB
       Močvarne šume i šikare
ALN Alnetea glutinosae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Westhoff et al. 
1946
Močvarne i periodično plavljene šume s crnom johom
European mesotrophic regularly flooded alder carr and birch 
wooded mires

ALN-01 Alnetalia glutinosae Tx. 1937
Močvarne i periodično plavljene šume s crnom johom
European mesotrophic regularly flooded alder carrs

ALN-01A Alnion glutinosae Malcuit 1929 – EUNIS 
G1.4
Močvarne šume crne johe
European mesotrophic regularly flooded alder carrs
*ALN-01B Frangulo alni-Fraxinion oxycarpae Pol-
dini, Sburlino et Venanzoni in Biondi et al. 2015 – 
EUNIS G1.4
Sredozemne močvarne šume
Amphiadriatic mesotrophic interdune and karstic ash 
carrs

FRA Franguletea Doing ex Westhoff in Westhoff et Den 
Held 1969
Močvarne šikare
Willow carrs of Western Europe, Fennoscandia and the subat-
lantic regions of Central Europe

FRA-01 Salicetalia auritae Doing 1962
Močvarne šikare
Willow carrs of Western Europe, Fennoscandia and the 
subatlantic regions of Central Europe

FRA-01A Salicion cinereae T. Müller et Görs ex 
Passarge 1961 – EUNIS F9.2
Močvarne šikare
Willow carrs of Western Europe and the subatlantic re-
gions of Central Europe

2.3. VEGETATION OF COASTAL CLIFFS AND DUNES
       Vegetacija priobalnih stijena i dina
SAG Saginetea maritimae Westhoff et al. 1962
Vegetacija sredozemnih slanih utrina
Atlantic-Mediterranean and Macaronesian ephemeral winter-
annual vegetation in disturbed saline habitats and inland saline 
badlands

SAD-01Saginetalia maritimae Westhoff et al. 1962
Zajednice sredozemnih slanih utrina
Atlantic-Mediterranean ephemeral vegetation on aeroha-
line sandy soils of disturbed salt-marsh fringes

SAG-01C Junco ranarii-Plantaginion commutatae 
Horvatić 1934 – EUNIS A2.5, B1.8
Zajednice sredozemnih slanih utrina
Adriatic short-lived aerohaline vegetation of sandy 
flats of disturbed salt-marshes

CRI Crithmo-Staticetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952
Vegetacija na stijenama u zoni prskanja mora
Rupicolous vegetation of salt-sprayed coastal cliffs of the At-
lantic and Mediterranean seaboards of Europe, North Africa 
and Middle East

CRI-01 Crithmo-Staticetalia Molinier 1934
Halofitske zajednice grebenjača
Rupicolous vegetation of salt-sprayed cliffs of the Atlantic 
and Mediterranean coasts of Europe, North Africa and 
Middle East

CRI-01D Limonion anfracti-cancellati (Horvatić 
1934) Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016 (Staticion dal-
maticum Horvatić 1934) – EUNIS B3.3
Halofitske zajednice grebenjača
Rupicolous herb-rich vegetation of salt-sprayed rocky 
cliffs of the Adriatic coasts

CRI-02 Helichrysetalia italici Biondi et Géhu in Géhu et 
Biondi 1994
Zajednice polugrmova na stijenama u zoni prskanja mora
Sub-aerohaline coastal dwarf scrub on inland edges of salt-
sprayed cliffs of the Mediterranean seaboards

CRI-02E Anthyllidion barbae-jovis S. Brullo et De 
Marco 1989 – EUNIS B3.3
Zajednice visokih polugrmova na stijenama u zoni pr-
skanja mora
Subaerohaline coastal dwarf scrub on salt-sprayed 
cliffs of the eastern Tyrrhenian Sea
*CRI-02F Crucianellion rupestris S. Brullo et Fur-
nari 1990 – EUNIS B3.3
Zajednice niskih polugrmova na stijenama u zoni pr-
skanja mora
Subaerohaline dwarf scrub on salt-sprayed cliffs of the 
European and North African coasts of the Lybian Sea

CAK Cakiletea maritimae Tx. et Preising in Tx. ex Oberd. 
1952
Pionirska halonitrofilna vegetacija na pješčanim i šljun ča nim 
obalama
Pioneer halo-nitrophilous short-lived vegetation in strandlines 
of sandy and shingle beaches of the coasts of the North Atlan-
tic and Arctic Oceans, the Mediterranean and the Black Sea

CAK-03 Thero-Atriplicetalia Pignatti 1953 (syn. Eu-
phorbietalia peplidis Tx. 1950)
Pionirske halonitrofilne zajednice na pješčanim i šljun­
čanim obalama
Pioneer halo-nitrophilous strandline vegetation of the Can-
tabro-Atlantic, the Mediterranean and the Black Sea coasts

CAK-03A Euphorbion peplidis Tx. ex Oberd. 1952 – 
EUNIS B1.1, B1.2, B2.1, B2.2
Pionirske halonitrofilne zajednice na pješčanim i 
šljunčanim obalama
Pioneer halo-nitrophilous strandline vegetation of the 
Cantabro-Atlantic and the Mediterranean coasts

AMM Ammophiletea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Westhoff et al. 1946
Vegetacija trajnica na priobalnim pješčanim dinama
Tall-grass perennial swards on mobile coastal dunes of the sea-
boards of Europe, North America, Greenland, North Africa, 
Middle East and the Caspian Sea

AMM-01 Ammophiletalia Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Westhoff et 
al. 1946
Zajednice trajnica na priobalnim pješčanim dinama
Tall-grass perennial swards on mobile white and embryonic 



ŠKVORC Ž., JASPRICA N., ALEGRO A., KOVAČIĆ S., FRANJIĆ J., KRSTONOŠIĆ D., VRANEŠA A., ČARNI A.

214 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

coastal dunes of the warm-temperate to boreo-atlantic coasts 
of the Mediterranean and the Black and Caspian Seas

AMM-01A Ammophilion Br.-Bl. 1921 – EUNIS B1.3
Zajednice trajnica na priobalnim pješčanim dinama
Tall-grass perennial swards on mobile white and em-
bryonic coastal sand dunes of the Mediterranean

2.4. VEGETATION OF ROCK CREVICES AND SCREES
      Vegetacija pukotina stijena i sipara
ADI Adiantetea Br.-Bl. et al. 1952
Vegetacija sredozemnih nakapnica i plitkih polušpilja
Relict chomophytic and chasmophytic vegetation in the shad-
ed and water-splashed habitats of the Mediterranean, the At-
lantic islands, North Africa and Middle East

ADI-01 Adiantetalia Br.-Bl. ex Horvatić 1934
Zajednice sredozemnih nakapnica i plitkih polušpilja
Relict chomophytic and chasmophytic vegetation in shad-
ed and water-splashed habitats of the Mediterranean, the 
Atlantic islands, North Africa and Middle East

ADI-01A Adiantion Br.-Bl. ex Horvatić 1934 – EU-
NIS C2.1, H3.4
Zajednice sredozemnih nakapnica i plitkih polušpilja
Relict fern-rich chasmophytic communities in shaded 
and water-splashed habitats of the Mediterranean, the 
Atlantic islands, North Africa and Middle East

POD Polypodietea Jurko et Peciar ex Boşcaiu, Gergely et 
Codoreanu in Raţiu et al. 1966
Vegetacija s prevlašću mahovina i paprati na sjenovitim stijen-
ama, panjevima i kori stabala
Chomophytic, chasmophytic and epiphytic vegetation of fern- 
and moss-rich communities in crevices and on the surface of 
rocky cliffs of temperate and mediterranean Europe

POD-01 Hypno cupressiformi-Polypodietalia vulgaris 
Jurko et Peciar ex Mucina et Theurillat 2015
Zajednice na sjenovitim silikatnim stijenama, panjevima i 
kori stabala
Fern- and moss-rich chomophytic, chasmophytic and epi-
phytic vegetation of shaded rock faces and bark of old 
trees of cool-temperate Europe

POD-01A Hypno-Polypodion vulgaris Mucina 1993 – 
EUNIS H3.1
Zajednice na sjenovitim silikatnim stijenama, pa­
njevima i kori stabala
Fern-rich vegetation of siliceous shaded rock crevices 
in the colline and submontane belts of Central and 
Eastern Europe

POD-03 Ctenidio-Polypodietalia vulgaris Jurko et Peci-
ar ex Boşcaiu, Gergely et Codoreanu in Raţiu et al. 
1966
Zajednice na sjenovitim vapnenačkim stijenama
Vegetation of shady calcareous rock faces and crevices at 
low altitudes of cool-temperate and submediterranean Eu-
rope

POD-03A Ctenidio-Polypodion vulgaris S. Brullo et 
al. 2001 – EUNIS H3.2
Zajednice s češljastom mahovinom na sjenovitim vap­
nenačkim stijenama
Vegetation of shady calcareous rock faces and crevices 
of the Alps and the Carpathians
POD-03B Moehringion muscosae Horvat et 
Horvatić ex Boşcaiu, Gergely et Codoreanu in Raţiu 
et al. 1966 – EUNIS H3.2

Zajednice s mahovinastom merinkom na sjenovitim 
vlažnim vapnenačkim stijenama
Vegetation of shady calcareous rock faces and crevices 
of southeastern Europe

ASP Asplenietea trichomanis (Br.-Bl. in Meier et Br.-Bl. 
1934) Oberd. 1977
Vegetacija polusjenovitih i otvorenih stijena
Chasmophytic vegetation of crevices, rocky ledges and faces 
of rocky cliffs and walls of Europe, North Africa, Middle East, 
the Arctic archipelagos and Greenland

ASP-01 Geranio robertiani-Asplenietalia trichomanis 
Ferrez ex Mucina ined.
Zajednice polusjenovitih i otvorenih stijena od nizin skog 
do gorskog pojasa
Chasmophytic vegetation of semi-shaded and sunny rock 
faces and crevices in the lowland to submontane belts of 
temperate Europe

ASP-01A Asplenio scolopendrii-Geranion robertiani 
Ferrez 2010 – EUNIS H3.1, H3.2
Zajednice polusjenovitih i otvorenih stijena od ni-
zinskog do gorskog pojasa
Chasmophytic vegetation of semi-shaded and sunny 
rock faces and crevices in the lowland to submontane 
belts of temperate Europe

ASP-02 Potentilletalia caulescentis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et 
Jenny 1926
Zajednice otvorenih vapnenačkih stijena u gorskom i pret-
planinskom pojasu
Chasmophytic vegetation of sunny calcareous rock faces 
and crevices at high altitudes of the nemoral and boreal 
mountain ranges of Europe

ASP-2A Potentillion caulescentis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et 
Jenny 1926 – EUNIS H3.2
Zajednice otvorenih vapnenačkih stijena u gorskom i 
pretplaninskom pojasu Gorskog kotara
Chasmophytic vegetation of calcareous rock faces and 
crevices in the subalpine and alpine belts of the Central 
and Eastern Alps and the Western Carpathians
ASP-2L Micromerion croaticae Horvat in Blečić 
1959 – EUNIS H3.2
Zajednica otvorenih vapnenačkih stijena u gorskom i 
pretplaninskom pojasu Like i Velebita
Chasmophytic vegetation of calcareous rock faces and 
crevices in the subalpine belt of the northwestern Dina-
rides

ASP-03 Moltkeetalia petraeae Lakušić 1968
Zajednice vapnenačkih stijena od brdskog do pretplanin-
skog pojasa središnjih i južnih Dinarida
Chasmophytic vegetation of limestone crevices in the 
montane to alpine belts of the Central and Southern Dina-
rides

ASP-03A Edraianthion Lakušić 1968 – EUNIS H3.2
Zajednice vapnenačkih stijena od brdskog do pretpla-
ninskog pojasa središnjih i južnih Dinarida
Chasmophytic vegetation of limestone crevices in the 
montane and supramontane belts of the Central and 
Southern Dinarides

ASP-05 Centaureo dalmaticae-Campanuletalia pyrami-
dalis Trinajstić ex Terzi et Di Pietro 2016
Zajednice priobalnih vapnenačkih stijena
Thermo-mesomediterranean chasmophytic vegetation of 
limestone cliffs of the Northern and Central Adriatic coast-
al regions



VEGETATION OF CROATIA

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 215

ASP-05A Centaureo dalmaticae-Campanulion Hor-
vatić 1934 – EUNIS H3.2
Zajednice priobalnih vapnenačkih stijena kvarnersko­
liburnijskog područja
Thermo-mesomediterranean chasmophytic vegetation of 
limestone crevices of the Northern Adriatic seaboards
ASP-05B Centaureo cuspidatae-Portenschlagiellion 
ramosissimae Trinajstić ex Terzi et Di Pietro 2016 – 
EUNIS H3.2
Zajednice priobalnih vapnenačkih stijena Dalmacije
Thermo-mesomediterranean chasmophytic vegetation 
of limestone crevices of the Central and Southern Adri-
atic seaboards

ASP-10 Asplenietalia septentrionalo-cuneifolii Mucina 
et Theurillat 2015
Zajednice polusjenovitih i otvorenih silikatnih i serpentin-
skih stijena
Chasmophytic vegetation of siliceous and ultramafic rock 
crevices at low altitudes of temperateand boreal Europe

ASP-10B Asplenion septentrionalis Gams ex Oberd. 
1938 – EUNIS H3.1
Zajednice polusjenovitih i otvorenih silikatnih stijena
Fern-rich chasmophytic vegetation of siliceous sunny 
rock crevices and boulder fields of temperate and bore-
al Europe
ASP-10C Asplenion serpentini Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Egg-
ler 1955 – EUNIS H3.2
Zajednice polusjenovitih i otvorenih serpentinskih sti-
jena
Fern-rich chasmophytic vegetation of ultramafic rock 
crevices of Central Europe

CYM Cymbalario-Parietarietea diffusae Oberd. 1969 (syn. 
Parietarietea judaicae Oberd. 1977)
Termofilna vegetacija u pukotinama zidova
Thermophilous chasmophytic vegetation of walls of the Medi-
terranean and the winter-mild atlantic to subcontinental re-
gions of temperate Europe, Middle East and North Africa

CYM-01 Tortulo-Cymbalarietalia Segal 1969 (syn. Pari-
etarietalia judaicae /Rivas-Mart. ex Rivas Goday 1964/ 
Oberd. 1977)
Termofilna vegetacija u pukotinama zidova
Thermophilous chasmophytic vegetation of walls of the 
Mediterranean and the winter-mild atlantic to subcontinen-
tal regions of temperate Europe, Middle East and North 
Africa

CYM-01A Cymbalario-Asplenion Segal 1969 – EU-
NIS E5.1
Kontinentalna termofilna vegetacija u pukotinama zi-
dova
Fern-rich chasmophytic vegetation of sunny walls of 
the atlantic to subcontinental regions of cool-temperate 
Europe
CYM-01B Galio valantiae-Parietarion judaicae Ri-
vas-Mart. ex O. de Bolòs 1967 (syn. Parietarion ju-
daicae Segal 1969, Parietario-Centranthion rubri Ri-
vas-Mart. 1960) – EUNIS E5.1
Primorska termofilna vegetacija u pukotinama zidova
Thermomediterranean chasmophytic vegetation of 
limestone walls of the Iberian Peninsula and the West-
ern Tyrrhenian archipelago
CYM-01C Artemisio arborescentis-Capparidion spi-
nosae Biondi, Blasi et Galdenzi in Biondi et al. 2014 
– EUNIS E5.1

Termofilna vegetacija u pukotinama zidova vanjskih 
dalmatinskih otoka i hridi
Thermomediterranean chasmophytic vegetation of 
limestone walls of the Apennine Peninsula, Corsica, 
Sardinia, Sicily and Malta

THL Thlaspietea rotundifolii Br.-Bl. 1948
Vegetacija na siparima i šljunčanim obalama vodotoka
Vegetation of scree habitats and pebble alluvia of the temper-
ate, boreal and oromediterranean Europe and the Arctic archi-
pelagos

THL-01 Thlaspietalia rotundifolii Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et 
Jenny 1926
Zajednice na vapnenačkim siparima vršnih dijelova Di-
narida
Alpine and subalpine calcareous scree vegetation of Eu-
rope and Greenland

THL-01J Saxifragion prenjae Lakušić 1968 – EU-
NIS H2.4
Reliktne zajednice na vapnenačkim siparima dânā 
dubokih ponikvi Velebita i Dinare
Subalpine chionophilous calcareous scree communities 
of the Southern and Central Dinarides
THL-01K Bunion alpini Lakušić 1968 – EUNIS 
H2.4
Zajednice na vapnenačkim siparima vršnih dijelova 
Dinarida
Subalpine chionophilous calcareous scree communities 
of the Northern Dinarides

THL-02 Arabidetalia caeruleae Rübel ex Nordhagen 
1937
Zajednice na snježištima i umirenim vapnenačkim sipari-
ma u pretplaninskom pojasu
Vegetation of snow-beds on stabilized calcareous screes of 
the arctic zone and the alpine and subnival belts of Euro-
pean mountains

THL-02C Arabidion caeruleae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et 
Jenny 1926 (syn. Salicion retusae Horvat 1949) – EU-
NIS E4.1
Zajednice na snježištima i umirenim vapnenačkim si-
parima u pretplaninskom pojasu
Vegetation of snow-beds on stabilized calcareous screes in 
the alpine and subnival belts of European mountains

THL-04 Arabido alpinae-Petasitetalia paradoxi Mucina 
et Valachovič ined.
Zajednice na vlažnim vapnenačkim točilima i siparima u 
gorskom i pretplaninskom pojasu
Vegetation of humid calcareous screes and boulder fields 
in the montane to subalpine belts of the nemoral mountain 
ranges of Europe

THL-04A Petasition paradoxi Zollitsch ex Lippert 
1966 – EUNIS H2.4
Zajednice na vlažnim vapnenačkim točilima i siparima 
u gorskom i pretplaninskom pojasu
Vegetation of humid calcareous fine-grained screes in 
the montane and subalpine belts of the Alps

THL-05 Stipetalia calamagrostis Oberd. et Seibert in 
Oberd. 1977
Zajednice na termofilnim vapnenačkim i dolomitnim si-
parima u brežuljkastom do gorskom pojasu
Thermophilous calcareous scree vegetation in the colline 
to montane belts of Central and Western Europe

THL-05C Stipion calamagrostis Jenny-Lips ex Br.- 
Bl. 1950 – EUNIS H2.6



ŠKVORC Ž., JASPRICA N., ALEGRO A., KOVAČIĆ S., FRANJIĆ J., KRSTONOŠIĆ D., VRANEŠA A., ČARNI A.

216 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

Zajednice na termofilnim vapnenačkim i dolomitnim 
siparima u brežuljkastom do gorskom pojasu
Vegetation of thermophilous low-altitude calcareous 
screes of Central and Western Europe

THL-08 Epilobietalia fleischeri Moor 1958 nom. con-
serv. propos.
Zajednice na šljunčanim obalama vodotoka
Vegetation of montane to subalpine riverine gravel terra ces 
of the nemoral and boreal European mountain ranges and 
the Caucasus

THL-08C Epilobion fleischeri G. Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. 
1950 – EUNIS C3.5
Zajednice na šljunčanim obalama vodotoka
Vegetation of the montane-subalpine riverine gravel 
terraces of the Alps and the Carpathians

DRY Drypidetea spinosae Quézel 1964
Vegetacija na siparima primorskih padina Dinarida
Vegetation of scree habitats and pebble alluvia in the submedi-
terranean montane and supra-oromediterranean belts of the 
Central and Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea sea-
boards

DRY-01 Drypidetalia spinosae Quézel 1964
Zajednice na siparima primorskih padina Dinarida
Montane submediterranean and oromediterranean scree 
vegetation of the Balkans, Crete and Crimea

DRY-01A Peltarion alliaceae Horvatić in Domac 
1957 – EUNIS H2.6
Zajednice na siparima primorskih padina Dinarida u 
brdskom i gorskom pojasu
Limestone scree vegetation in the submontane and 
montane belts of the Central Balkans
DRY-01B Silenion marginatae Lakušić 1968 (syn. 
Silenion prostratae Trinajstić 2008) – EUNIS H2.6
Zajednice na siparima primorskih padina Dinarida u 
pretplaninskom pojasu
Limestone scree vegetation in the montane to subal-
pine belts of the Southern Dinarides

2.5. VEGETATION OF SALINE AND BRACKISH  
       WATERS AND SWAMPS
       Vegetacija slanih i bočatih voda i močvara
ZOS Zosteretea Pignatti 1953
Morske livade svilinā i posidonije
Vegetation of sea-grass meadows on muddy and sandy sub-
merged substrates of the temperate and subarctic seas sur-
rounding Europe

ZOS-01 Zosteretalia Béguinot ex Pignatti 1953
Morske livade svilinā
Vegetation of sea-grass meadows of the sandy-muddy sub-
littoral of the temperate seas surrounding Europe

ZOS-01A Zosterion marinae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Pig-
natti 1953 – EUNIS A2.6
Morske livade morske sviline
Vegetation of perennial sea-grass meadows of the san-
dy-muddy sea sublittoral of the cold- and cool-temper-
ate seas surrounding Europe
ZOS-01B Nanozosterion noltii Den Hartog ex Muci-
na in Mucina et al. 2016 – EUNIS A2.6
Morske livade patuljaste sviline
Vegetation of short-lived sea grass meadows of the 
sandy-muddy sea sublittoral of the cold-temperate and 
cool-temperate seas surrounding Europe

ZOS-02 Posidonietalia oceanicae Den Hartog ex Muci-
na in Mucina et al. 2016
Morske livade posidonije
Vegetation of perennial sea-grass meadows of the sandy-
rocky sublittoral of the warm-temperate waters of the 
Mediterranean Sea

ZOS-02A Posidonion oceanicae Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 
1960 – EUNIS A2.6
Morske livade posidonije
Vegetation of perennial sea-grass meadows of the san-
dy-rocky sublittoral of the warm-temperate waters of 
the Mediterranean Sea

HAL Halodulo wrightii-Thalassietea testudinum Rivas-
Mart. et al.1999
Morske livade čvoraste morske rese
Vegetation of eel-grass swards on muddy and sandy substrates 
of subtropical and tropical seas fringing Atlantic Ocean

HAL-01 Thalassio-Syringodetalia filiformis Knapp ex 
Borhidi et al. 1979
Morske livade čvoraste morske rese
Vegetation of eel-grass swards on muddy and sandy sub-
strates of the sublittoral of subtropical and tropical seas 
fringing Atlantic Ocean

Cymodoceion nodosae Den Hartog ex Mucina in 
Mucina et al. 2016 – EUNIS A2.6
Morske livade čvoraste morske rese
Vegetation of eel-grass swards on muddy and sandy 
substrates of the sublittoral of the subtropical Atlantic 
Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea

RUP Ruppietea maritimae J. Tx. ex Den Hartog et Segal 
1964
Vegetacija bočatih voda s rupijom
Submerged rooted herbaceous vegetation of brackish watersof 
the World

RUP-01 Ruppietalia J. Tx. ex Den Hartog et Segal 1964 
nom. conserv. propos.
Zajednice rupije u bočatim vodama
Submerged rooted herbaceous vegetation of temperate 
brackish waters of Europe

RUP-01A Ruppion maritimae Br.-Bl. ex Westhoff in 
Bennema et al. 1943 – EUNIS A2.6
Zajednice rupije u bočatim vodama
Submerged rooted herbaceous vegetation of temperate 
brackish waters of Europe

SPA Spartinetea maritimae Beeftink 1962
Pionirska vegetacija sa spartinom u zoni plime i oseke
Pioneer vegetation of perennial cord grasses on tidal flats of 
temperate seas of the World

SPA-01 Spartinetalia glabrae Conard 1935
Pionirske zajednice sa spartinom u zoni plime i oseke
Pioneer vegetation of perennial cord grasses on tidal flats of 
temperate seas of the World

SPA-01A Spartinion glabrae Conard 1935 – EUNIS 
A2.5
Pionirske zajednice sa spartinom u zoni plime i oseke
Pioneer vegetation of perennial cord grasses on tidal 
flats of temperate seas of Europe and North America

THE Therosalicornietea Tx. in Tx. et Oberd. 1958
Pionirska vegetacija slanjača s jednogodišnjim biljkama
Pioneer vegetation of annual succulent halophytes on tidal 
mud flats and edges of the irregularly flooded saline inland wa-
ters of Eurasia



VEGETATION OF CROATIA

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 217

THE-01 Therosalicornietalia Pignatti 1952
Pionirske zajednice slanjača s jednogodišnjim biljkama
Pioneer vegetation of annual succulent halophytes of tidal 
mud flats and edges of the irregularly flooded saline inland 
waters of the Mediterranean, and temperate, boreal and 
subarctic Europe

THE-01A Therosalicornion Br.-Bl. 1933 – EUNIS 
A2.5
Pionirske zajednice slanjača s jednogodišnjim bilj kama
Mediterranean and thermo-atlantic pioneer vegetation 
of annual succulent plants of tidal flats and irregularly 
flooded inland depressions

JUN Juncetea maritimi Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952
Primorske sitine i halonitrofilni travnjaci
Perennial grasslands and herb-rich vegetation of coastal and 
inland salt-marshes and sea-cliffs of the Mediterranean Sea 
and the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

JUN-01 Juncetalia maritimi Br.-Bl. ex Horvatić 1934
Primorske sitine i zaslanjeni travnjaci
Mediterranean and thermo-atlantic tall-rush saline wetland 
vegetation

JUN-01A Juncion maritimi Br.-Bl. ex Horvatić 1934 
– EUNIS A2.5
Primorske sitine
Mediterranean and thermo-atlantic coastal saline rush 
marsh vegetation under a prolonged flooding regime
JUN-01E Agropyro-Plantaginion maritimi Hor va tić 
1934 – EUNIS A2.5
Primorski zaslanjeni travnjaci
Central and Eastern Mediterranean saline swards of 
margins of lagoons and damp dune-slacks

JUN-02 Agropyretalia pungentis Géhu 1968
Primorski halonitrofilni travnjaci
Halo-nitrophilous grasslands of salt-sprayed sandy-loamy 
shores of the winter-mild atlantic and mediterranean re-
gions of Europe

*JUN-02C Agropyro-Artemision coerulescentis Pig-
natti 1953 – EUNIS A2.5
Primorski halonitrofilni travnjaci
Tyrrhenian-Adriatic (sub)halo-nitrophilous salt-
sprayed grassy scrub of the edges of coastal lagoons

SAL Salicornietea fruticosae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex A. Bolòs y 
Vayreda et O. de Bolòs in A. Bolòs y Vayreda 1950
Vegetacija slanjača s polugrmovima
Mediterranean and thermo-atlantic perennial salt-marsh herb-
lands and scrub

SAL-01 Salicornietalia fruticosae Br.-Bl. 1933
Zajednice slanjača s polugrmovima
Mediterranean and thermo-atlantic halophilous coastal tid-
al and inland temporarily flooded succulent chenopod scrub

SAL-01A Salicornion fruticosae Br.-Bl. 1933 – EU-
NIS A2.5
Zajednice slanjača s polugrmovima
Mediterranean and thermo-atlantic intertidal succulent 
dwarf chenopod scrub

2.6. FRESHWATER AQUATIC VEGETATION
       Slatkovodna vegetacija
LEM Lemnetea O. de Bolòs et Masclans 1955
Vegetacija plutajućih makrofita u mirnim vodama
Free-floating duckweed vegetation of still and relatively nutri-
ent-rich freshwater bodies of the Holarctic

LEM-01 Lemnetalia minoris O. de Bolòs et Masclans 
1955
Zajednice plutajućih makrofita u mirnim vodama
Vegetation of free-floating vegetation of still and relatively 
nutrient-rich freshwater bodies of temperate Europe

LEM-01A Lemnion minoris O. de Bolòs et Masclans 
1955 – EUNIS C1.2, C1.3
Zajednice vodenih leća
Vegetation of free-floating duckweed vegetation of still 
and relatively nutrient-rich freshwater bodies of the 
temperate Europe
LEM-01B Utricularion vulgaris Passarge 1964 – 
EUNIS C1.2
Zajednice mješinki
Vegetation of free-floating bladderworts in mesotro-
phic and eutrophic waters of Europe
LEM-01C Stratiotion Den Hartog et Segal 1964 
(syn. Hydrocharition morsus-ranae /Passarge 1964/ 
Westhoff et Den Held 1969) – EUNIS C1.2, C1.3
Zajednice resca
Vegetation of free-floating macrophytes in fairly nutri-
ent-rich shallow waters of Europe

POT Potamogetonetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941
Vegetacija ukorijenjenih plutajućih i submerznih makrofita
Vegetation of rooted floating or submerged macrophytes of 
stagnant mesotrophic, eutrophic and brackish freshwater bod-
ies and slowly flowing shallow streams of Eurasia

POT-01 Potamogetonetalia Koch 1926
Zajednice s prevlašću mrijesnjaka i biljaka s plutajućim 
listovima
Vegetation of rooted floating or submerged macrophytes of 
mesotrophic and eutrophic freshwater bodies of Eurasia

POT-01A Potamogetonion Libbert 1931 (syn. Magno-
potamion/Vollmar 1947/ Den Hartog et Segal 1964) – 
EUNIS C1.2, C1.3, C2.3
Zajednice s prevlašću mrijesnjaka
Vegetation of rooted and floating macrophytes of fresh-
water bodies at low and mid-altitudes of temperate 
Eurasia
POT-01B Nymphaeion albae Oberd. 1957 – EUNIS 
C1.2, C1.3, C2.3
Zajednice s prevlašću lopoča, lokvanja i biljaka s 
rozetama plutajućih listova
Vegetation of rooted floating-leaf macrophytes of shel-
tered nutrient-rich freshwaters of Western and Central 
Europe

POT-02 Callitricho hamulatae-Ranunculetalia aquatil-
is Passarge ex Theurillat in Theurillat et al. 2015 (syn. 
Callitricho-Batrachietalia Den Hartog et Segal ex Pas-
sarge 1978)
Zajednice s prevlašću vodenih žabnjaka i žabovlatki
Vegetation of crosswort, crowfoot and milfoil rooted ma-
crophytes in shallow and intermittent freshwater streams of 
Europe

POT-02A Batrachion fluitantis Neuhäusl 1959 (syn. 
Ranunculion fluitantis Neuhäusl 1959) – EUNIS C2.2, 
C2.3
Zajednice s prevlašću vodenih žabnjaka u tekućim vo-
dama
Vegetation of crowfoot and milfoil rooted macrophytes 
in shallow moving freshwaters of Europe
POT-02B Ranunculion aquatilis Passarge ex Theu-
rillat in Theurillat et al. 2015 – EUNIS C1.2, C1.3, 



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218 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

C1.6, C2.3
Zajednice s prevlašću vodenih žabnjaka ili ža bo vlatki u 
sporotekućim i stajaćim vodama
Vegetation of crosswort rooted macrophytes in shallow 
stagnant freshwaters of temperate Europe

POT-03 Zannichellietalia pedicellatae Schaminée, Lan-
jouw et Schipper ex Mucina in Theurillat et al. 2015
Zajednice žabljaka u bočatim vodama
Vegetation of rooted macrophytes in meso-eutrophic 
brackish waters of Western and Central Europe

POT-03A Zannichellion pedicellatae Schaminée, 
Lanjouw et Schipper ex Passarge 1996 – EUNIS 
C1.5
Zajednice žabljaka u bočatim vodama
Vegetation of rooted macrophytes in meso-eutrophic 
brackish waters of Western and Central Europe

2.7. VEGETATION OF FRESHWATER SPRINGS,  
       SHORELINES AND SWAMPS
       Slatkovodna vegetacija izvorišta, obala i močvara
MON Montio-Cardaminetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et 
Hadač 1944
Vegetacija izvorišta i sedrenih barijera
Vegetation of water springs of Europe, the European Arctic ar-
chipelagos and Greenland

MON-01 Cardamino-Chrysosplenietalia Hinterlang 
1992
Zajednice oko sjenovitih šumskih izvora meke vode
Vegetation of soft-water springs in shady forest habitats in 
the submontane and montane belts of the Central European 
mountains

MON-01A Caricion remotae Kästner 1941 – EUNIS 
C2.1
Zajednice oko sjenovitih šumskih izvora meke vode
Vegetation of soft-water springs in shady forest habi-
tats in the submontane and montane belts of Central 
European mountains

MON-02 Montio-Cardaminetalia Pawłowski et al. 1928
Zajednice s prevlašću mahovina hladnih oligotrofnih iz­
vorišta i sedrenih barijera
Vegetation of cold oligotrophic water-springs in the 
nemoral to arctic zones and in the oromediterranean belt of 
Europe

MON-02F Cratoneurion commutati Koch 1928 – 
EUNIS C2.1
Zajednice s prevlašću mahovina hladnih oligotrofnih 
izvorišta i sedrenih barijera u gorskom pojasu
Vegetation of moss-rich calcareous water springs in the 
montane and subalpine belts of Europe and Green land
*MON-02G Lycopodo europaei-Cratoneurion com-
mutati Hadač 1983 – EUNIS C2.1
Zajednice s prevlašću mahovina hladnih oligotrofnih 
izvorišta i sedrenih barijera u brežuljkastom i brdskom 
pojasu
Vegetation of moss-rich calcareous water springs in the 
colline and submontane belts of Central Europe
Comment: Syntaxonomic position of that alliance is not 
clear and there are opinions that should be reduced to 
synonymy with the Cratoneurion commutati (Mucina 
et al. 2016). These moss-rich communities are very uni-
form in Croatia and probably belong to only one alli-
ance. Here are two alliances listed until their syntaxono-
my and presence in Croatia is not better investigated.

ISO Isoëto-Nanojuncetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952
Pionirska vegetacija niskih šaševa periodično plavljenih 
staništa
Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-cyperaceous vegetation in periodi-
cally freshwater flooded habitats of Eurasia

ISO-02 Nanocyperetalia Klika 1935 (syn. Cyperetalia 
fusci Pietsch 1963)
Pionirske zajednice niskih šaševa periodično plavljenih 
staništa
Pioneer ephemeral herb- and graminoid-rich late-season 
vegetation on periodically flooded soils of temperate Eu-
rope

ISO-02A Nanocyperion Koch 1926 – EUNIS C3.5
Pionirske zajednice niskih šaševa periodično plavljen-
ih staništa
Pioneer dwarf cyperaceous vegetation on moist calci-
um rich substrates of the submediterranean and Atlan-
tic regions of Europe
ISO-02E Verbenion supinae Slavnić 1951 (syn. Fim-
bristylion dichotomae Horvatić 1954) – EUNIS C3.5
Pionirske zajednice niskih šaševa periodično plavljen-
ih antropogenih staništa na tlima bogatima hra njivim 
tvarima
Pioneer ephemeral herb-rich vegetation in periodically 
flooded nutrient-rich habitats in the nemoral zone of 
Central and southeastern Europe

PHR Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et No vák 
1941
Tršćaci, rogozici i šašici
Reed swamp, sedge bed and herbland vegetation of freshwater 
or brackish water bodies and streams of Eurasia

PHR-01 Phragmitetalia Koch 1926
Tršćaci i rogozici
Reed swamps, sedge beds and herblands of mesotrophic 
and eutrophic stagnating or slowly flowing freshwater or 
brackish water bodies of Eurasia

PHR-01A Phragmition communis Koch 1926 – EU-
NIS C3.2, D5.1
Tršćaci i rogozici
Reed swamp vegetation of mesotrophic and eutrophic 
standing freshwater bodies or gently moving streams 
of boreo-temperate Eurasia

PHR-02 Bolboschoenetalia maritimi Hejný in Holub et 
al. 1967
Zajednica primorskog rančića
Meso-eutrophic brackish swamp reeds of European tem-
perate coasts and the subcontinental inland regions of Cen-
tral and Southern Europe

PHR-02A Scirpion maritimi Dahl et Hadač 1941 – 
EUNIS A2.5, C3.2
Zajednica primorskog rančića
Meso-eutrophic brackish swamp reeds of European 
temperate coastal regions

PHR-04 Magnocaricetalia Pignatti 1953
Šašici
Sedge-bed marsh vegetation of boreal and temperate Eur-
asia

PHR-04A Magnocaricion elatae Koch 1926 – EUNIS 
D5.2
Šašici na oligotrofnim do mezotrofnim sedimentima
Sedge-bed marsh vegetation on oligotrophic to meso-
trophic organic sediments of temperate Europe



VEGETATION OF CROATIA

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 219

PHR-04B Magnocaricion gracilis Géhu 1961 – EU-
NIS D5.2
Šašici na eutrofnim sedimentima
Sedge-bed marsh vegetation on eutrophic clayey sedi-
ments in riverine habitats of temperate Europe
PHR-04C Carici-Rumicion hydrolapathi Passarge 
1964 – EUNIS C3.1, C3.2
Šašici na muljevitim organskim sedimentima
Herbland vegetation on non-stabilized organic sub-
strates in mesotrophic waters of boreal and temperate 
Eurasia

PHR-05 Nasturtio-Glycerietalia Pignatti 1953
Helofitske zajednice periodično plavljenih obala, stajaćica 
i plitkih vodotoka
Herblands and sedge-beds of well-oxygenated freshwater 
flowing streams of the temperate and mediterranean re-
gions of Europe and Madeira

PHR-05A Glycerio-Sparganion Br.-Bl. et Sissingh in 
Boer 1942 – EUNIS C2.5, C3.1
Helofitske zajednice s prevlašću zeleni u stajaćicama i 
plitkim vodotocima
Herbland vegetation of small freshwater streams and in 
shallow water bodies of temperate Europe
PHR-05B Phalaridion arundinaceae Kopecký 1961 – 
EUNIS C3.2
Helofitske zajednice periodično plavljenih obala s 
prevlašću trstastog blještaca ili Buekovog šaša
Reed vegetation of freshwater flowing and seasonally 
fluctuating streams of temperate Europe

PHR-06 Oenanthetalia aquaticae Hejný ex Balátová-
Tuláčková et al. 1993
Helofitske zajednice plitkih močvara promjenjivog vodostaja
Vegetation of emergent helophytes in shallow waters with 
fluctuating water table of temperate and boreal Eurasia

PHR-06A Eleocharito palustris-Sagittarion sagittifo-
liae Passarge 1964 – EUNIS C3.2
Helofitske zajednice plitkih močvara promjenjivog vo-
dostaja
Vegetation of emergent helophytes on muddy soils of 
shallows streams and ponds with fluctuating water ta-
ble of temperate and boreal Eurasia

2.8. VEGETATION OF BOGS AND FENS
       Vegetacija cretova
SCH Scheuchzerio palustris-Caricetea fuscae Tx. 1937
Niski i prijelazni cretovi
Sedge-moss vegetation of fens, transitional mires and bog hol-
lows in the temperate, boreal and Arctic zones of the Northern 
Hemisphere

SCH-01 Caricetalia davallianae Br.-Bl. 1950 nom. con-
serv. propos.
Bazofilni niski cretovi
Sedge-moss vegetation of calcareous and extremely min-
eral rich brown-moss fens of Eurasia

SCH-01A Caricion davallianae Klika 1934 – EUNIS 
D4.1
Bazofilni niski cretovi
Sedge-moss calcareous mineral-rich fen vegetation of 
Europe and Western Asia

SCH-02 Sphagno warnstorfii-Tomentypnetalia Lap shina 
2010
Neutrofilni cretovi

Sedge and brown-moss nitrogen-limited fen vegetation of 
Western Siberia and the northeastern European lowlands

SCH-02A Sphagno warnstorfii-Tomentypnion niten-
tis Dahl 1957 – EUNIS D4.1
Neutrofilni cretovi
Moderately calcium-rich sedge-moss fens of the boreal 
zone and montainous regions in the nemoral zone of 
Europe

SCH-03 Caricetalia fuscae Koch 1926
Acidofilni prijelazni cretovi
Sedge-moss vegetation of slightly to strongly acidic 
minerotrophic moderately-rich or poor fens in the boreal 
and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere and in 
the supramediterranean belt of Southern European moun-
tains

SCH-03B Caricion fuscae Koch 1926 nom. conserv. 
propos. – EUNIS D2.2
Umjereno acidofilni cretovi sa smeđim mahovinama
Sedge-moss vegetation moderately to low calcium-rich 
slightly acidic fens dominated by calcifuge brown-
mosses or nutrient-demanding peat-mosses of Europe
SCH-03D Sphagno-Caricion canescentis Passarge 
(1964) 1978 nom. conserv. propos. – EUNIS D2.2
Acidofilni cretovi s mahovima tresetarima
Peat-moss acidic poor yet minerotrophic fens of the 
boreal and temperate zones of the Northern Hemi-
sphere

OXY Oxycocco-Sphagnetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Westhoff et al. 
1946
Visoki cretovi
Dwarf-shrub, sedge and peat-moss vegetation of the Holarctic 
ombrotrophic bogs and wet heath on extremely acidic soils

OXY-02 Sphagnetalia medii Kästner et Flössner 1933
Visoki cretovi
Dwarf-shrub and peat-moss vegetation of the continental, 
subcontinental, boreo-continental and high-altitude raised 
bogs of the Northern Hemisphere

OXY-02B Sphagnion medii Kästner et Flössner 
1933 – EUNIS D1.1
Visoki cretovi
Dwarf-shrub and peat-moss vegetation of the subconti-
nental, temperate and mountain raised bogs of Eurasia

3. ANTHROPOGENIC VEGETATION
    Antropogena vegetacija
PAR Papaveretea rhoeadis S. Brullo et al. 2001 nom. con-
serv. propos.
Kontinentalna acidofilna jednogodišnja korovna vegetacija
Annual weed segetal vegetation of arable crops, gardens and 
vineyards in the cool-temperate and boreal zones of Eurasia

PAR-01 Aperetalia spicae-venti J.Tx. et Tx. in Malato-
Beliz et al. 1960 nom. conserv. propos. (syn. Chenopodi-
etalia albi /Tx. 1937/ Tx. et Lohmeyer in Tx. 1950; Atripli-
ci-Chenopodietalia albi /Tx. 1937/ Nordhagen 1940 nom. 
ambig. rejic. propos.)
Kontinentalne acidofilne zajednice jednogodišnjih korova
Weed vegetation of cereal fields and gardens on acidic and 
nutrient-poor soils in the cool-temperate and boreal zones 
of Eurasia

PAR-01A Scleranthion annui (Kruseman et Vlieger 
1939) Sissingh in Westhoff et al. 1946 – EUNIS I1.1, 
I1.2, I1.3



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220 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

Kontinentalne acidofilne zajednice jednogodišnjih ko-
rova u usjevima ozimih žitarica
Weed segetal vegetation of winter cereal crops on neu-
tral to acidic loamy and sandy-loamy soils of the (sub)
atlantic regions in the nemoral zone of Europe
PAR-01B Oxalidion europeae Passarge 1978 (syn. 
Spergulo-Oxalidion Görs in Oberd. et al. 1967) – EU-
NIS I1.1, I1.2, I1.3
Kontinentalne acidofilne zajednice jednogodišnjih ko-
rova u okopavinskim kulturama
Weed segetal vegetation of gardens and root crop fields 
on acidic loamy and sandy-loamy soils of the subatlan-
tic to subcontinental regions in the nemoral zone of Eu-
rope

PAR-02 Papaveretalia rhoeadis Hüppe et Hofmeister ex 
Theurillat et al. 1995 nom. conserv. propos.
Kontinentalna bazofilna jednogodišnja korovna vegetacija
Weed segetal vegetation of arable crops on base-rich soils 
in the forest, forest-steppe, steppe and subboreal zones of 
Europe

PAR-02A Caucalidion Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 – 
EUNIS I1.1, I1.3
Kontinentalna bazofilna jednogodišnja korovna ve­
getacija u usjevima žitarica
Weed segetal vegetation of cereal crops on the base-
rich soils of Western, Central and southeastern Europe
PAR-02C Veronico-Euphorbion Sissingh in Pas-
sarge 1964 – EUNIS I1.1, I1.3
Kontinentalna bazofilna jednogodišnja korovna ve­
getacija u okopavinskim kulturama
Weed segetal vegetation of vineyards and gardens on 
the base-rich soils of Central and Western Europe

SIS Sisymbrietea Gutte et Hilbig 1975
Kontinentalna jednogodišnja ruderalna vegetacija
Zoo-anthropogenic and modern anthropogenic vegetation of 
animal shelters and disturbed ruderal sites in cool- and cold-
temperate regions of Eurasia

SIS-01 Sisymbrietalia sophiae J. Tx. ex Görs 1966 nom. 
conserv. propos. (syn. Sisymbrietalia officinalis J.Tx. in 
Lohmeyer et al. 1962)
Kontinentalne jednogodišnje ruderalne zajednice
Ruderal vegetation of annual nutrient-demanding herbs 
and grasses on disturbed soils in the nemoral and steppe 
zones of Europe

SIS-01C Malvion neglectae (Gutte 1972) Hejný 1978 
– EUNIS E5.1
Kontinentalne jednogodišnje ruderalne zajednice koje 
se razvijaju ljeti
Ruderal vegetation of low-grown short-lived summer-
annual herbs on nutrient-rich loamy and slightly tram-
pled soils of temperate Europe
SIS-01D Sisymbrion officinalis Tx. et al. ex von Ro-
chow 1951 – EUNIS E5.1
Kontinentalne jednogodišnje ruderalne zajednice koje 
se razvijaju u proljeće
Ruderal vegetation of nutrient-demanding short-lived 
winter-annual grasses on sandy anthropogenic soils of 
temperate Europe

CHE Chenopodietea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952
Sredozemna jednogodišnja ruderalna vegetacija
Winter-annual weed segetal and ruderal vegetation of man-
made habitats of the Mediterranean, the mild-winter Atlantic 
seaboards and Macaronesia

CHE-01 Brometalia rubenti-tectori (Rivas Goday et Ri-
vas-Mart. 1973) Rivas-Mart. et Izco 1977 nom. conserv. 
propos.
Sredozemne ruderalne zajednice s prevlašću jedno go diš­
njih trava
Winter-annual ruderal vegetation of summer-dry man-
made habitats of the Mediterranean, the mild-winter Atlan-
tic seaboards and Macaronesia

CHE-01F Hordeion murini Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 
1936 – EUNIS E5.1
Sredozemne ruderalne zajednice s prevlašću jedno go­
dišnjih trava
Mediterranean ruderal winter-annual grasslands

CHE-02 Chenopodietalia Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1936
Sredozemne ruderalne zajednice s prevlašću jednogo­
dišnjih zeleni
Winter-annual ruderal herb-rich vegetation on nutrient-rich 
disturbed soils of the Mediterranean and the Macaronesia

CHE-02A Chenopodion muralis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et 
al. 1936 (syn. Malvion parviflorae (Rivas-Mart. 1978) 
S. Brullo in S. Brullo et Marcenò 1985) – EUNIS E5.1
Sredozemne ruderalne zajednice s prevlašću jedno­
godišnjih zeleni
Mediterranean nutrient-demanding ruderal vegetation 
dominated by low-grown non-succulent herbs

CHE-03 Geranio purpureae-Cardaminetalia hirsutae S. 
Brullo in S. Brullo et Marcenò 1985
Sredozemne ruderalne zajednice šumskih rubova s 
prevlašću jednogodišnjih zeleni
Winter-annual fringe vegetation in shaded mesic habitats 
of the Mediterranean, winter-mild temperate (sub)atlantic 
and submediterranean regions of temperate Europe and the 
Macaronesia

*CHE-03G Cardaminion graecae Biondi, Pinzi et 
Gubellini in Biondi et al. 2013 – EUNIS E5.1
Sredozemne ruderalne zajednice šumskih rubova s 
prevlašću jednogodišnjih zeleni Apeninskog polu otoka
Mesic nitrophilous winter-annual fringe vegetation of 
the Apennines
*CHE-03H Euphorbio taurinensis-Geranion lucidi 
Matevski et Čarni in Mucina et al. 2009 – EUNIS 
E5.1
Sredozemne ruderalne zajednice šumskih rubova s pre-
vlašću jednogodišnjih zeleni Balkanskog poluotoka
Mesic nitrophilous winter-annual fringe vegetation of 
the submediterranean regions of the Balkan Peninsula

DIG Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris Mucina, 
Lososová et Šilc in Mucina et al. 2016
Termofilna antropogena vegetacija na ljeti suhim, pješ ča nim 
staništima
Thermophilous grass-rich anthropogenic vegetation rich in 
summer-annual C4 species in the southern nemoral, mediter-
ranean, steppe and semi-desert zones of Europe

DIG-01 Eragrostietalia J. Tx. ex Poli 1966
Termofilne antropogene zajednice na ljeti suhim, pješ­
čanim staništima
Thermophilous grass-rich anthropogenous vegetation rich 
in C4 species on summer-dry sandy soils of Southern and 
Central Europe

DIG-01A Spergulo arvensis-Erodion cicutariae J.Tx. 
in Passarge 1964 (syn. Panico-Setarion Sissingh in 
Westhoff et al. 1946) – EUNIS I1.1, I1.2, I1.3, I1.5



VEGETATION OF CROATIA

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 221

Kontinentalne termofilne korovne zajednice ranog ljeta 
na pješčanim staništima
Subthermophilous summer-annual weed vegetation on 
sandy and sandy-loamy soils of the atlantic to subcon-
tinental regions in the nemoral zone of Europe
DIG-01B Eragrostion Tx. in Oberd. 1954 – EUNIS 
E5.1, H5.6, I1.1, I1.3
Kontinentalne termofilne korovne zajednice kasnog 
ljeta na pješčanim staništima
Thermophilous late-summer weed vegetation on sandy 
soils of southeastern Central Europe and the Balkan 
Peninsula
DIG-01D Diplotaxidion erucoidis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et 
al. 1936 (syn. Calendulo arvensis-Heliotropion euro-
paei Trinajstić 2008) – EUNIS E5.1
Sredozemne zajednice okopavinskih korova
Weed vegetation on neutral to basic soils in the thermo- 
and mesomediterrannean belts of the Central and West-
ern Mediterranean
DIG-01F Salsolion ruthenicae Philippi ex Oberd. 
1983 – EUNIS E5.1
Kontinentalne termofilne ruderalne zajednice na 
pješčanim i šljunčanim staništima
Ruderal vegetation on disturbed gravelly and sandy 
soils of the subcontinental regions of Central Europe

DIG-02 Euphorbietalia prostratae Vicedo et al. 1997
Termofilne zajednice utrina na ljeti suhim, pješčanim 
staništima
Summer-dry trampled vegetation on sandy soils in the 
southern nemoral and mediterranean zones of Europe

DIG-02B Polycarpo-Eleusinion indicae Čarni et 
Mucina 1998 – EUNIS E1.E, H5.6
Sredozemne termofilne zajednice utrina na pješ ča nim 
staništima
Summer-dry vegetation of sandy trampled habitats of 
Northern Italy and the Illyrian region
DIG-02C Eragrostio-Polygonion arenastri Couderc 
et Izco ex Čarni et Mucina 1998 – EUNIS E1.E, H5.6
Kontinentalne termofilne zajednice utrina na pješ ča­
nim staništima
Summer-dry trampled vegetation on sandy soils of 
Western and Central Europe

POL Polygono-Poetea annuae Rivas-Mart. 1975
Vegetacija utrina s prevlašću jednogodišnjih biljaka
Subcosmopolitan therophyte-rich dwarf-herb vegetation of 
trampled habitats

POL-01 Polygono arenastri-Poetalia annuae Tx. in 
Géhu et al. 1972 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1991
Zajednice utrina s prevlašću jednogodišnjih biljaka
Subcosmopolitan therophyte-rich dwarf-herb vegetation of 
trampled habitats

POL-01A Polygono-Coronopodion Sissingh 1969 
(syn. Polygonion avicularis Br.-Bl. 1931; Matricario 
matricarioidis-Polygonion arenastri Rivas-Mart. 1975 
corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1991) – EUNIS E1.E, H5.6
Kontinentalne nitrofilne zajednice utrina
Herb-rich vegetation in trampled habitats in the tem-
perate to boreal zones of Europe
POL-01B Polycarpion tetraphylli Rivas-Mart. 1975 
– EUNIS E1.E, H5.6
Sredozemne zajednice utrina
Herb-rich vegetation in trampled sunny habitats of the 
Mediterranean

POL-01C Saginion procumbentis Tx. et Ohba in 
Géhu et al. 1972 – EUNIS E2.8, H5.6
Kontinentalne zajednice zasjenjenih, intenzivno ga­
ženih utrina
Herb-rich vegetation in strongly trampled shady habi-
tats of Europe

ART Artemisietea vulgaris Lohmeyer et al. in Tx. ex von 
Rochow 1951
Ruderalna vegetacija visokih zeleni na suhim staništima
Perennial (sub)xerophilous ruderal vegetation of the temperate 
and submediterranean regions of Europe

ART-01 Onopordetalia acanthii Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et 
Hadač 1944
Kontinentalne ruderalne zajednice s prevlašću kratko­
živućih trajnica na suhim staništima
Subxeric ruderal vegetation dominated by short-lived pe-
rennials of temperate Europe

ART-01A Onopordion acanthii Br.-Bl. et al. 1936 – 
EUNIS E5.1
Ruderalne zajednice na suhim staništima istočnih kon-
tinentalnih područja
Thistle-dominated xero-mesophytic ruderal vegetation 
of subcontinental Central Europe and the Northern 
Balkans
ART-01B Dauco-Melilotion Görs ex Rostański et 
Gutte 1971 – EUNIS E5.1, I1.5
Ruderalne zajednice na suhim staništima zapadnih 
kontinentalnih područja
Xero-mesophytic ruderal vegetation dominated by bi-
ennial plants of temperate and subboreal Europe

ART-03 Agropyretalia intermedio-repentis T. Müller et 
Görs 1969
Kontinentalne korovne i ruderalne zajednice na zapuš-
tenim površinama
Semiruderal grasslands and herblands and weed segetal 
vegetation of perennial crops in the nemoral, forest-steppe 
and subboreal zones of Europe

ART-03A Convolvulo arvensis-Agropyrion repentis 
Görs 1967 – EUNIS E5.1
Kontinentalne korovne i ruderalne zajednice na 
zapuštenim površinama
Semiruderal grasslands and herblands in the nemoral 
and subboreal zones of Europe

ART-04 Carthametalia lanati S. Brullo in S. Brullo et 
Marcenò 1985
Sredozemne ruderalne zajednice s prevlašću visokih 
glavočika
Thistle-dominated ruderal vegetation on disturbed calcare-
ous substrates of the submediterranean regions of Southern 
Europe

ART-04A Silybo mariani-Urticion piluliferae Siss-
ingh ex Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958 – EUNIS E5.1
Primorske ruderalne zajednice s prevlašću visokih 
glavočika
Thistle-dominated ruderal vegetation of the Central 
Mediterranean
ART-04C Onopordion illyrici Oberd. 1954 – EUNIS 
E5.1
Submediteranske ruderalne zajednice s prevlašću vi-
sokih glavočika
Thistle-dominated ruderal vegetation of the submedi-
terranean regions of the Balkans



ŠKVORC Ž., JASPRICA N., ALEGRO A., KOVAČIĆ S., FRANJIĆ J., KRSTONOŠIĆ D., VRANEŠA A., ČARNI A.

222 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017

ART-05 Elytrigio repentis-Dittrichietalia viscosae Muci-
na ined.
Sredozemne ruderalne zajednice na zapuštenim povr ši-
nama
Anthropogenic sub-ruderal and ruderal grasslands and 
herblands of submediterranean and mediterranean South-
ern Europe

ART-05A Inulo viscosae-Agropyrion repentis Bi ondi 
et Allegrezza 1996 – EUNIS E5.1
Sredozemne ruderalne zajednice na zapuštenim po-
vršinama
Anthropogenic sub-ruderal and ruderal grasslands and 
herblands of the submediterranean regions of the Apen-
nine and Balkan Peninsulas

EPI Epilobietea angustifolii Tx. et Preising ex von Rochow 
1951 (syn. Galio-Urticetea Passarge ex Kopecký 1969)
Mezofilna poluprirodna vegetacija visokih zeleni
Tall-herb semi-natural perennial vegetation on disturbed forest 
edges, nutrient-rich riparian fringes an in forest clearings in the 
temperate and boreal zones of Eurasia

EPI-01 Galeopsio-Senecionetalia sylvatici Passarge 1981 
nom. conserv. propos.
Acidofilne poluprirodne zajednice visokih zeleni na šum­
skim rubovima i čistinama
Tall-herb perennial semi-natural vegetation on acidic soils 
on forest margins and clearings of the Eurosiberian Region

EPI-01A Epilobion angustifolii Oberd. 1957 – EU-
NIS E5.3, G5.8
Acidofilne poluprirodne zajednice visokih zeleni na 
šumskim rubovima i čistinama
Tall-herb perennial semi-natural vegetation on acidic 
soils of forest margins and in forest clearings in the bo-
real and nemoral zones of Europe

EPI-02 Circaeo lutetianae-Stachyetalia sylvaticae Pas-
sarge 1967 nom. conserv. propos. (Lamio albi-Chenopo-
dietalia boni-henrici Kopecký 1969)
Poluprirodne zajednice zeleni na šumskim rubovima i 
čistinama
Ruderal and semi-natural fringe mesic tall-herb vegetation 
of tall-herbs on nutrient- and base-rich soils of cool-tem-
perate and submediterranean Europe

EPI-02A Fragarion vescae Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 
nom. conserv. propos. (syn. Atropion Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. 
et al. 1952) – EUNIS G5.8
Poluprirodne zajednice zeleni početnih sukcesijskih 
stadija na šumskim čistinama
Semi-ruderal herb-rich clearing vegetation on nutrient-
rich calcareous soils in the nemoral zone of Central and 
Western Europe
EPI-02B Impatienti noli-tangere-Stachyion sylvati-
cae Görs ex Mucina 1993 – EUNIS E5.4
Poluprirodne zajednice visokih zeleni na zasjenjenim 
šumskim rubovima i čistinama
Semi-ruderal tall-herb vegetation of shaded mesic for-
est margins and clearings on loamy soils in the colline 
and submontane belts of Central Europe
EPI-02C Aegopodion podagrariae Tx. 1967 nom. 
conserv. propos. – EUNIS E5.1, E5.4
Poluprirodne nitrofilne zajednice zeleni na zasjenjenim 
šumskim rubovima i čistinama
Semi-ruderal herb-rich clearing vegetation on mesic 
margins and clearings of forests and scrub in the tem-
perate and subboreal zones of Europe

EPI-03 Arctio lappae-Artemisietalia vulgaris Dengler 2002
Ruderalne zajednice visokih zeleni na šumskim rubovima i 
čistinama
Ruderal vegetation dominated by short-lived perennials on 
mesic loamy soils of the low-altitude cool-temperate Central 
Europe and at high-altitudes of submediterranean Europe

EPI-03A Arction lappae Tx. 1937 – EUNIS E5.1
Ruderalne zajednice visokih zeleni na šumskim ru bo-
vima i čistinama zapadnih kontinentalnih pod ručja
Ruderal vegetation of short-lived perennials on mesic 
loamy soils of cool-temperate Europe
EPI-03B Balloto-Conion maculati S. Brullo et Mar-
cenò 1985 – EUNIS E5.1
Ruderalne zajednice visokih zeleni na antropogenim 
staništima istočnih kontinentalnih područja
Tall-herb perennial ruderal vegetation in mesic habitats 
in the submontane and montane belts of submediterra-
nean Europe

EPI-04 Galio-Alliarietalia Oberd. in Görs et T. Müller 
1969
Nitrofilne termofilne ruderalne zajednice zeleni na šum­
skim rubovima i čistinama
Ruderal and semi-natural thermophilous fringe vegetation 
of short-lived herbs on nutrient-rich soils in the sub montane 
and montane belts of submediterranean Europe

EPI-04A Geo urbani-Alliarion officinalis Lohmeyer 
et Oberd. in Görs et T. Müller 1969 (syn. Galio-Alli-
arion Lohmeyer et Oberd. in Oberd. et al. 1967) – EU-
NIS E5.1
Nitrofilne termofilne ruderalne zajednice zeleni na 
šumskim rubovima i čistinama
Ruderal and semi-natural fringe thermophilous vegeta-
tion of short-lived low herbs on nutrient-rich soils of 
temperate Europe

EPI-05 Convolvuletalia sepium Tx. ex Moor 1958
Poluprirodne zajednice visokih zeleni na vlažnim sta ni­
štima i uz obale vodotoka
Semi-natural fringe vegetation on banks of rivers and other 
water bodies of temperate Europe and the Mediterranean

EPI-05A Senecionion fluviatilis Tx. ex Moor 1958 
(syn. Convolvulion sepium Oberd. 1949) – EUNIS E5.4
Poluprirodne zajednice visokih zeleni na vlažnim 
staništima i uz obale vodotoka
Tall-herb fringe vegetation on nutrient-rich river banks 
and in ditches of Central Europe

BID Bidentetea Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951
Pionirska vegetacija vlažnih eutrofnih staništa
Summer-annual pioneer vegetation of seasonally flooded nu-
trient-rich river alluvia, lacustrine banks and heavily nutrient-
loaded anthropogenic habitats of boreo-temperate Europe and 
North Africa

BID-01 Bidentetalia Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944
Pionirske zajednice vlažnih eutrofnih staništa
Summer-annual pioneer vegetation of seasonally flooded 
nutrient-rich river alluvia, lacustrine banks and heavily nu-
trient-loaded anthropogenic habitats of boreo-temperate 
Europe

BID-01A Bidention tripartitae Nordhagen ex Klika 
et Hadač 1944 – EUNIS C3.5
Pionirske zajednice vlažnih eutrofnih staništa
Summer-annual pioneer vegetation of periodically nu-
trient-rich river banks and drained muddy bottoms of 
eutrophic lakes of boreo-temperate Europe



VEGETATION OF CROATIA

ACTA BOT. CROAT. 76 (2), 2017 223

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