ISSN 1827-9635 (print) © Firenze University Press ISSN 1827-9643 (online) www.fupress.com/ah Acta Herpetologica 6(2): 137-147, 2011 Changes in the blood composition of some anurans Çiğdem Gül*, Murat Tosunoğlu, Didem Erdoğan, Dilşah Özdamar Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Zoology Sec- tion, Tr-17100 Çanakkale-Turkey. * Correspondig author. E-mail: gulcigdem17@hotmail.com Submitted on: 2010, 23th December; revised on: 2011, 28th April; accepted on: 2011, 10th May. Abstract. We examined some hematological parameters (red blood cell count, whi- te blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration and plasma total pro- tein) on five anuran species of terrestrial (Pseudepidalea viridis, Pelobates syriacus and Hyla arborea), semi-aquatic (Rana dalmatina) and aquatic (Pelophylax ridibundus) nature from Çanakkale, Turkey. Differences between males and females in terms of haemoglobin, hematocrit and mean cell volume in P. viridis were statistically signifi- cant. The RBC count was higher in terrestrial and aquatic species than in semi-aquatic species. Haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCV and MHC were higher in terrestrial species than in semi-aquatic and aquatic species. The MCHC values were all similar to each other. The plasma total protein was higher in terrestrial species than in aquatic species. To sum up, variations were detected in the some hematological parameters under examination among the anuran species. Keywords. Anura, some hematological parameters, terrestrial, semi-aquatic, aquatic. INTRODUCTION Amphibia and Reptilia species were affected by negative conditions of pollution in the environmental condition and destruction of biotopes. Blood parameters of Amphibia spe- cies were particularly affected by the negative environmental conditions. Amphibians are potentially reliable and efficient bioindicators (Welsh and Ollivier, 1998; Garg and Hip- pargi, 2007). They are very sensitive to even the slightest fluctuations in the environmental settings (Cunnigham and Saigo, 1999). Amphibians are a heterogeneous group of vertebrates with regard to their blood cell count and size. However, the blood cell counts in Amphibia reported a wide individual variation and considerable interspecies differences (Hutchison and Szarski, 1965; Szarski and Czopek, 1966; Rouf, 1969; Sinha, 1983; Atatür et al., 1999; Cabagna et al., 2005) as 138 Ç. Gül et. alii well as in relation to body weight, age and sex (Arvy, 1947; Schermer, 1954; Goniaakows- ka, 1973; Sinha, 1983; Banerjee, 1988; Wojtaszek and Adamowicz, 2003), season (Zhukova and Kubantsev, 1979; Sinha, 1983; Wojtaszek et al., 1997; Arserim and Mermer, 2008) and altitudinal distribution (Arıkan, 1989; Ruiz et al., 1989). Most studies on hematology in various species of Anura have dealt with blood cell counts (Alder and Huber, 1923; Arvy, 1947; Kaplan, 1952; Stephan, 1954; Schermer, 1954; Hutchison and Szarski, 1965; Arıkan, 1989) and cell sizes (Wintrobe, 1933; Foxon, 1964; Hartman and Lessler, 1964; Szarski and Czopek, 1966; Kuramoto, 1981; Stöck and Grobe, 1997; Atatür et al., 1999; Arıkan et al., 2003; Cabagna et al., 2005; Gül and Tok, 2009). Nevertheless, some hematological parameters of the anuran species, such as hematocrit value (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hae- moglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and plasma total pro- tein concentration, are very scarce and individual studies (Prosser and Weistein, 1950; Haris, 1972; Carmena-Suero et al., 1980; Sinha, 1983; Ostejic et al., 2000; Wojtaszek and Adamowicz, 2003; Coppo et al., 2005; Arserim and Mermer, 2008; Dönmez, 2009). So, the possibilities of using quantitative and qualitative parameters of the blood in amphibians undoubtedly hold great interest (Zhelev et al., 2006). In the clinical investigation, blood samples are of great diagnostic value and can eas- ily be obtained (Frye, 1991). The normal reference ranges of hematological parameters are also important in assessing the status of the species population, and deviation from the expected values can assess the impact of stress on the species (Dickinson et al., 2002). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine some hematological param- eters [red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), haemoglobin concen- tration (Hb), hematocrit value (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and plasma total protein value] in some Anuran species (Pelophylax ridibundus, Rana dalmatina, Pseudepidalea viridis, Hyla arborea and Pelobates syriacus). In addition, this study aims to investigate differences in the some hematological para- meters of anuran species of terrestrial (P. viridis, P. syriacus and H. arborea), semi-aquatic (R. dalmatina) and aquatic (P. ridibundus) nature. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens of the different Anuran species used in this study (P. viridis: n =10, H. arborea: n = 15, P. syriacus: n = 13, R. dalmatina: n = 15 and P. ridibundus: n = 10) were collected from their nat- ural habitat and various localities of Canakkale, Turkey. Studies were carried out in the reproductive period from February to April between 2008 and 2010. Blood samples of the live specimens were obtained in the laboratory within one day of their capture. The blood samples were taken from the etherized frogs by means of ventriculus punctures, via heparinized hematocrit capillaries (Arıkan et al., 2003). The quantity of blood taken out from each specimens were 0.15 ml. The blood cell counts were performed utilizing a Neubauer hemocytometer, and the standard Hayem’s solution was used as diluting solutions for erythrocytes by Thoma pipettes, while for the leukocytes, the method of Jerrett and Mays (1973) (which is a slight modification of Blain’s method- Sturkie, 1954) was utilized; i.e. a 1:1 mix of neutral red diluted to 1/5000 with 0.07% physiological saline and 12% formaline prepared with 0.07% physiological saline was used. 139Haematology of Turkish Anurans Blood from each frog or toad was placed into heparinised hematocrit capillaries and used to determine the hematological parameters. Hematocrit value (PCV) was determined by the micro- hematocrit method. The tubes were then spun in a micro-hematocrit centrifuge for 5 min at 12000 rpm, and the hematocrit value (PCV) was calculated with a hematocrit reader. Hemoglobin con- centration (Hb) was measured with a Sahli’s hemometer. The mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated mathemati- cally from the above results. MCV was calculated by dividing hematocrit per liter of blood by total RBC count (Tanyer, 1985). The blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min and it was ensured that the plasma section be isolated from the blood cells. The plasma total protein quantity in the plasma was measured using a Refractometer. Non-parametric tests and descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS (v10.0). Mann Whitney U test was applied between males and females. RESULTS Hematological parameters investigated in the present study are represented in Table 1. There were some significant differences in some parameters when comparisons were made between male and female data for one species. Differences between males and females in terms of hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean cell volume in P. viridis were statistically sig- nificant (P < 0.05). When the hematological values of anuran species were examined, the highest RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value were found in Pseudepidalea viridis, whereas the lowest RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin concentra- tion and hematocrit value were found in R. dalmatina. The mean cell volume was detected to be the highest in H. arborea and the lowest in R. dalmatina. The mean cell hemoglobin was found to be the highest in H. arborea and the lowest in P. ridibundus. The mean cell hemoglobin concentration was found to be the highest in Pseudepidalea viridis and the lowest in P. ridibundus. The plasma total protein was found to be the highest in P. viridis and the lowest in P. ridibundus. The hematological values of anuran species are given in detail in Table 1. DISCUSSION Several authors, who worked on different species of Anura, mentioned individual var- iations concerning both the RBC and WBC counts (Alder and Huber, 1923; Klieneberg- er, 1927; Schermer, 1954; Hutchison and Szarski, 1965; Cabagna et al., 2005; Chiesa et al. 2006). In the present study, significant differences were found between males and females only in P. viridis specimens in terms of hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean cell volume. The RBC count was higher in males than in females of species P. ridibundus, R. dalmati- na, H. arborea and P. syriacus. Similar observations were found by Arvy (1947) in R. tem- poraria, where males (450000) showed a higher RBC count than females (330000). Even Sinha (1983) stated a higher count in males (320000) than in females (250000) in R. escu- lenta. Wojtaszek and Adamowicz (2003) have reported a higher number of RBC in males (340000) than in females (290000) of Bombina bombina. However, the RBC count of P. 140 Ç. Gül et. alii Ta bl e 1. R ed b lo od c el l co un ts ( R B C ) (N /µ L) , w hi te b lo od c el l co un t (W B C ) (µ L) , h ae m og lo bi n co nc en tr at io n (H b) ( g/ dL ), h em at oc ri t va lu e (P C V ) (% ), m ea n ce ll vo lu m e (M C V ) (f L) , m ea n ce ll ha em og lo bi n (M C H ) (p g/ ce ll) , m ea n ce ll ha em og lo bi n co nc en tr at io n (M C H C ) (% ) an d pl as m a to ta l p ro te in ( PT P) (g /L ). F: fe m al e, M : m al e, T : t ot al ; n : n um be r of s pe ci m en s, S D : s ta nd ar d de vi at io n. Se x Te rr es tr ia l Ps eu de pi da le a vi ri di s Pe lo ba te s sy ri ac us H yl a ar bo re a n M ea n SD R an ge n M ea n SD R an ge n M ea n SD R an ge R B C F 6 93 76 66 21 29 43 72 00 00 -1 30 00 00 11 76 59 09 19 18 18 56 00 00 -1 20 00 00 11 73 36 36 26 19 65 34 00 00 -1 29 00 00 M 4 97 50 00 94 33 9. 81 84 00 00 -1 04 00 00 2 65 25 00 31 81 9. 80 63 00 00 -6 75 00 0 4 64 75 00 21 28 18 40 00 00 -9 20 00 0 T 10 95 26 00 16 89 08 72 00 00 -1 30 00 00 13 74 84 61 18 04 44 56 00 00 -1 20 00 00 15 71 06 66 24 55 16 34 00 00 -1 29 00 00 W B C F 6 59 00 13 91 .4 0 45 00 -8 00 0 11 26 00 17 98 .3 3 12 00 -7 40 0 7 36 02 65 2. 83 20 00 -4 90 0 M 4 67 75 11 17 .6 6 57 00 - 82 00 2 32 50 35 3. 55 30 00 -3 50 0 2 28 00 11 31 .3 7 20 00 -3 60 0 T 10 62 50 13 02 .3 4 45 00 -8 20 0 13 27 00 16 62 .8 2 12 00 -7 40 0 9 36 02 60 4. 40 31 00 -4 90 0 H b F 6 15 .7 6 0. 79 14 .6 0- 17 .0 0 11 10 .3 8 2. 46 6. 00 -1 2. 80 11 12 .2 1 1. 42 10 .0 0- 13 .8 0 M 4 12 .9 5 0. 91 12 .0 0- 14 .2 0 2 9. 30 3. 53 6. 80 -1 1. 80 4 11 .8 2 1. 22 10 .4 0- 13 .4 0 T 10 14 .6 4 1. 65 12 .0 0- 17 .0 0 13 10 .2 1 2. 50 6. 00 -1 2. 80 15 12 .1 1 1. 34 10 .0 0- 13 .8 0 PC V M 6 58 .5 0 6. 94 52 .0 0- 70 .0 0 5 40 .0 0 0. 08 27 .0 0- 50 .0 0 11 50 .1 8 8. 64 40 .0 0- 67 .0 0 F 4 43 .7 5 3. 30 40 .0 0- 47 .0 0 2 38 .0 0 0. 11 30 .0 0- 46 .0 0 3 45 .0 0 10 .0 0 35 .0 0- 55 .0 0 T 10 52 .6 0 9. 40 40 .0 0- 70 .0 0 7 40 .0 0 0. 08 27 .0 0- 50 .0 0 14 49 .0 7 8. 81 35 .0 0- 67 .0 0 M C V M 6 63 8. 63 96 .0 5 53 8. 46 -7 93 .0 6 5 46 8. 20 83 .0 7 36 6. 67 -5 95 .2 4 11 75 8. 10 28 5. 86 45 6. 59 -1 41 1. 76 F 4 45 0. 18 34 .1 0 40 3. 85 -4 76 .1 9 2 57 7. 35 14 3. 06 47 6. 19 -6 78 .5 2 3 87 8. 72 43 7. 86 54 6. 88 -1 37 5. 00 T 10 56 3. 25 12 2. 40 40 3. 85 -7 93 .0 6 7 49 9. 39 10 4. 15 36 6. 67 -6 78 .5 2 14 78 3. 94 30 8. 21 45 6. 59 -1 41 1. 76 M C H M 6 17 4. 18 33 .9 4 13 0. 77 -2 13 .8 9 11 13 8. 59 35 .3 4 10 0. 00 -2 28 .5 7 11 18 6. 89 77 .0 6 10 6. 98 -3 82 .3 5 F 4 13 3. 93 17 .5 3 11 5. 38 -1 52 .3 8 2 14 1. 37 47 .2 8 10 7. 94 -1 74 .8 1 4 19 4. 08 48 .4 8 14 4. 57 -2 60 .0 0 T 10 15 8. 08 34 .2 7 11 5. 38 -2 13 .8 9 13 13 9. 02 35 .0 4 10 0. 00 -2 28 .5 7 15 18 8. 81 68 .9 7 10 6. 98 -3 82 .3 5 M C H C M 6 27 .2 4 3. 10 23 .0 3- 30 .7 7 5 28 .8 6 2. 73 25 .6 0- 31 .9 0 11 24 .6 8 2. 91 20 .2 4- 31 .1 6 F 4 29 .6 7 1. 94 27 .6 5- 32 .0 0 2 24 .2 1 2. 19 22 .6 6- 25 .7 6 3 26 .1 9 6. 87 18 .9 1- 32 .5 7 T 10 28 .2 1 2. 86 23 .0 3- 32 .0 0 7 27 .5 3 3. 30 22 .6 6- 31 .9 0 14 25 .0 0 3. 77 18 .9 1- 32 .5 7 PT P M 5 8. 16 1. 36 6. 00 -9 .5 0 4 7. 12 1. 65 5. 00 -9 .0 0 11 7. 47 1. 56 6. 00 -1 0. 00 F 4 7. 50 0. 57 7. 00 -8 .0 0 2 6. 50 0. 70 6. 00 -7 .0 0 2 7. 25 0. 35 7. 00 -7 .5 0 T 9 8. 00 1. 14 6. 00 -9 .5 0 6 6. 91 1. 35 5. 00 -9 .0 0 13 7. 44 1. 43 6. 00 -1 0. 00 141Haematology of Turkish Anurans Ta bl e 1. C on tin ue d. Se m ia qu at ic A qu at ic R an a da lm at in a Pe lo ph yl ax r id ib un du s R B C Se x n M ea n SD R an ge n M ea n SD R an ge F 9 71 66 60 15 09 97 55 00 00 -1 02 00 00 5 88 60 00 82 94 5. 76 78 00 00 -9 80 00 0 M 6 64 83 30 84 24 1. 71 49 00 00 -7 20 00 0 5 76 20 00 20 65 67 65 00 00 -1 13 00 00 T 15 68 93 30 12 94 75 49 00 00 -1 02 00 00 10 82 40 00 16 21 52 65 00 00 -1 13 00 00 W B C F 2 27 00 98 9. 94 20 00 -3 40 0 3 31 06 14 62 .2 0 16 00 -4 52 0 M 4 26 75 96 0. 46 20 00 -4 10 0 2 25 50 14 84 .9 2 15 00 -3 60 0 T 6 26 83 86 5. 83 20 00 -4 10 0 5 28 84 13 08 .9 2 15 00 -4 52 0 H b F 9 8. 51 1. 29 6. 80 -1 0. 60 5 9. 52 1. 47 8. 20 -1 2. 00 M 6 8. 20 1. 21 6. 60 -1 0. 10 5 8. 66 1. 94 7. 40 -1 2. 10 T 15 8. 38 1. 23 6. 60 -1 0. 60 10 9. 09 1. 68 7. 40 -1 2. 10 PC V M 9 34 .9 1 6. 49 28 .5 7- 47 .0 5 5 43 .1 9 4. 12 39 .4 5- 48 .7 8 F 6 30 .2 6 2. 64 26 .8 0- 33 .3 0 5 38 .1 9 13 .4 8 23 .5 2- 59 .2 5 T 15 33 .0 5 5. 67 26 .8 0- 47 .0 5 10 40 .6 9 9. 76 23 .5 2- 59 .2 5 M C V M 9 49 5. 14 80 .9 9 39 9. 41 -6 03 .2 0 5 48 8. 83 38 .7 4 42 8. 80 -5 24 .5 2 F 6 47 2. 77 67 .8 3 40 2. 39 -5 91 .8 3 5 49 9. 71 10 5. 91 33 6. 00 -6 21 .7 9 T 15 48 6. 19 74 .3 0 39 9. 41 -6 03 .2 0 10 49 4. 27 75 .4 0 33 6. 00 -6 21 .7 9 M C H M 9 12 0. 58 15 .2 7 10 3. 92 -1 49 .1 5 5 10 7. 50 13 .2 8 95 .6 5- 12 9. 03 F 6 12 9. 09 30 .1 8 92 .9 5- 18 1. 63 5 11 4. 69 8. 07 10 5. 71 -1 24 .2 4 T 15 12 3. 98 21 .8 4 92 .9 5- 18 1. 63 10 11 1. 09 11 .0 3 95 .6 5- 12 9. 03 M C H C M 9 24 .6 1 2. 36 19 .9 7- 27 .0 0 5 21 .9 5 1. 66 20 .3 9- 24 .6 0 F 6 27 .1 6 3. 76 22 .2 0- 30 .6 8 5 23 .7 8 5. 11 18 .7 2- 31 .4 6 T 15 25 .6 3 3. 14 19 .9 7- 30 .6 8 10 22 .8 7 3. 71 18 .7 2- 31 .4 6 PT P M 4 5. 75 5. 75 5. 00 -6 .0 0 3 5. 50 0. 50 5. 00 -6 .0 0 F 2 5. 50 0. 70 5. 00 -6 .0 0 3 5. 83 0. 76 5. 00 -6 .5 0 T 6 5. 66 0. 51 5. 00 -6 .0 0 6 5. 66 0. 60 5. 00 -6 .5 0 142 Ç. Gül et. alii viridis was higher in females than in males. Mahapatra et al. (2010) have reported a high- er RBC count in females (530000) than in males (480000) of the Polypedates maculatus. A similar observation was found by Kaplan (1951, 1952) in Rana pipiens and by Arserim and Mermer (2008) in R. macrocnemis. Meanwhile, no sexual dimorphism was reported for the RBC count of R. pipiens (Rouf, 1969), R. catesbeiana and R. calamitans (Hutchison and Szarski 1965) (Table 2). The WBC counts vary depending on Anuran species, season, sex, nutritional condi- tions and some physiological conditions, such as diseases and breeding (Rouf, 1969; Arıkan, 1989; Wojtaszek and Adamowicz, 2003). In the present study, significant differ- ences were not found between males and females in all species in terms of WBC count. The WBC counts were higher in males than in females of species P. ridibundus, R. dalmati- na and H. arborea. A similar observation was found by Kaplan (1951, 1952) in R. pipiens (16,134 in males; 14,134 in females) and by Wojtaszek and Adamowicz (2003) in B. bom- bina (9,734 in males; 7030 in females). However, they were higher in females than in males of other species (P. syriacus and P. viridis). Arserim and Mermer (2008) put forth that the WBC count in R. macrocnemis is higher in females (3613) than in males (3445, Table 2). The haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and hematocrit values (PCV) were found to sig- nificantly differ between males and females in only P. viridis. Similar observations were found by Sinha (1983) in R. esculenta, by Wojtaszek and Adamowicz (2003) in B. bom- bina, by Arserim and Mermer (2008) in R. macrocnemis and by Dönmez et al. (2009) in Bufo bufo. Kaplan (1954) found statistically significant sexual differences in the hema- tocrit values of R. pipiens. The hemoglobin concentration of P. maculatus was higher in females (7.80 g/100 ml) than in males (6.56 g/100 ml) (Mahapatra et al., 2010). Arserim and Mermer (2008) put forth that the hematocrit values in Rana macrocnemis are higher in females (35.00) than in males (32.00). Also, a similar observation was found by Haris (1972) (Tables 1 and 2). The values of MCV were found to significantly differ between males and females in only P. viridis. In other species, there were no significant differences between males and females. Generally, the MCV values were higher in females than in males of H. arborea, P. syriacus and P. ridibundus. Similar MCV observations were found by Dönmez et al. (2009) in B. bufo. Sinha (1983) and Arserim and Mermer (2008) reported that the MCV value in R. esculenta and R. macrocnemis is higher in females than in males. MCH values were higher in females than in males of P. syriacus, H. arborea, R. dalmatina and P. ridibun- dus. Sinha (1983) reported that the MCH value in R. esculenta is higher in males than in females. MCHC values were higher in females than in males of P. viridis, H. arborea, R. dalmatina and R. ridibunda. Mahapatra et al. (2010) has also reported a higher MCHC value in females than in males of P. maculatus. However, Dönmez et al. (2009) stated a higher MCHC value in males than in females of B. bufo (Tables 1 and 2). Plasma total protein values were higher in males than in females of P. viridis, P. syri- acus and H. arborea (Table 1). Atatür et al. (1999) determined differences in the size of erythrocytes from several species of Anura in Turkey and looked for the reasons in the different environmental con- ditions of the biotopes. Therefore, several researchers (Atatür et al., 1999; Zhelev et al., 2006) have found that aquatic anurans have larger erythrocytes than semi-aquatic and ter- restrial species. 143Haematology of Turkish Anurans Ta bl e 2. Th e so m e he m at ol og ic al p ar am et er s in d iff er en t A nu ra s pe ci es r ef er ed b y va ri ou s au th or s. Se x R B C W B C H b PC V A ld er a nd H ub er ( 19 23 ) H yl a ar bo re a 67 40 00 29 00 0 A rv y (1 94 7) R an a te m po ra ri a M 45 00 00 F 33 00 00 R ou f ( 19 69 ) R an a pi pi en s 31 94 00 6. 75 24 .6 5 H ar ri s (1 97 2) R an a pi pi en s M 16 00 00 -5 40 00 0 96 00 -3 80 00 2. 00 -9 .5 0 8. 00 -4 1. 50 F 11 00 00 -4 50 00 0 78 50 -2 51 50 2. 90 -1 2. 70 17 .0 0- 47 .5 0 C ar m en a- Su er o et a l. (1 98 0) H yl a se pt en tr io na lis 6. 20 22 .4 0 R an a ca te sb ei an a 9. 50 40 .4 0 Si nh a (1 98 3) R an a es cu le nt a M 32 00 00 7. 20 21 .8 0 F 25 00 00 5. 80 19 .8 0 A rı ka n et a l. (1 98 9) R an a ri di bu nd a 32 66 20 31 42 O st oj ic e t a l. (2 00 0) Bu fo s pi nu lo su s lim en si s 63 40 00 39 .5 3 A rı ka n et a l. (2 00 3) Pe lo dy te s ca uc as ic us 77 60 00 25 60 W oj ta sz ek a nd A da m ow ic z (2 00 3) Bo m bi na b om bi na M 34 00 00 ( 19 00 00 -4 65 00 0) 97 34 7. 44 ( 4. 99 -1 2. 20 ) 13 .7 0- 26 .2 0 F 29 00 00 ( 24 00 00 -3 55 00 0) 70 30 6. 78 ( 3. 38 -8 .3 1) 12 .0 0- 23 .3 0 C op po e t a l. (2 00 5) R an a ca te sb ei an a 30 .1 0 (2 5. 00 -3 9. 00 ) A rs er im a nd M er m er ( 20 08 ) R an a m ac ro cn em is M 50 62 50 ( 28 00 00 -9 40 00 0) 34 45 ( 26 00 -4 20 0) 8. 12 ( 5. 60 -1 2. 10 ) 32 .0 0 (1 9. 00 -4 2. 00 ) F 52 40 00 ( 32 00 00 -9 00 00 0) 36 13 ( 28 00 -5 20 0) 8. 07 ( 6. 20 -1 1. 00 ) 35 .0 0 (1 6. 00 -4 6. 00 ) T 51 48 39 ( 28 00 00 -9 40 00 0) 35 27 ( 26 00 -5 20 0) 8. 10 ( 5. 60 -1 2. 10 ) 34 .0 0 (1 6. 00 -4 6. 00 ) D ön m ez e t a l. (2 00 9) Bu fo b uf o M 90 00 00 ( 88 00 00 -9 20 00 0) 11 .8 0 (1 1. 20 -1 2. 40 ) 42 .3 6 (4 1. 53 -4 3. 20 ) F 87 00 00 ( 84 00 00 -9 00 00 0) 10 .1 0 (9 .4 0- 10 .8 0) 33 .0 8 (2 8. 57 -3 7. 60 ) G ül a nd T ok ( 20 09 ) R an a ri di bu nd a 32 05 00 ( 20 00 00 -6 50 00 0) 25 36 ( 80 0- 45 20 ) R an a da lm at in a 41 57 50 ( 31 00 00 -5 50 00 0) 26 83 ( 20 00 -4 10 0) Bu fo v ir id is 72 17 50 ( 45 00 00 -9 00 00 0) 16 46 ( 90 0- 25 00 ) Bu fo b uf o 53 47 22 ( 45 30 00 -7 03 00 0) 23 25 ( 11 00 -3 80 0) H yl a ar bo re a 57 95 83 ( 40 50 00 -7 03 00 0) 29 80 ( 46 0- 49 00 ) Pe lo ba te s sy ri ac us 65 71 00 ( 54 30 00 -7 93 00 0) 12 16 ( 60 0- 25 00 ) M ah ap at ra e t a l. (2 01 0) Po ly pe da te s m ac ul at us M 48 00 00 ( 37 00 00 -5 80 00 0) 14 62 8 (1 24 00 -1 62 00 ) 6. 56 ( 5. 20 -8 .4 0) 28 .6 5 (1 8. 51 -3 7. 60 ) F 57 00 00 ( 40 00 00 -7 10 00 0) 16 64 2 (1 40 00 -2 00 00 ) 7. 80 ( 6. 40 -9 .0 0) 23 .8 0 (1 6. 00 -3 2. 07 ) 144 Ç. Gül et. alii Ta bl e 2. C on tin ue d. Se x M C V M C H M C H C PT P A ld er a nd H ub er ( 19 23 ) H yl a ar bo re a A rv y (1 94 7) R an a te m po ra ri a M F R ou f ( 19 69 ) R an a pi pi en s H ar ri s (1 97 2) R an a pi pi en s M F C ar m en a- Su er o et a l. (1 98 0) H yl a se pt en tr io na lis 27 .7 0 R an a ca te sb ei an a 23 .5 0 Si nh a (1 98 3) R an a es cu le nt a M 70 7. 00 24 6. 00 33 .0 0 F 84 0. 00 25 0. 50 29 .5 0 A rı ka n et a l. (1 98 9) R an a ri di bu nd a O st oj ic e t a l. (2 00 0) Bu fo s pi nu lo su s lim en si s 62 1. 90 17 2. 65 28 .0 6 A rı ka n et a l. (2 00 3) Pe lo dy te s ca uc as ic us W oj ta sz ek a nd A da m ow ic z (2 00 3) Bo m bi na b om bi na M 41 1. 70 -7 57 .7 0 15 8. 30 -2 68 .1 0 29 0. 60 -5 54 .0 0 F 36 3. 30 -9 16 .6 0 14 5. 30 - 32 0. 30 18 9. 00 -6 04 .1 0 C op po e t a l. (2 00 5) R an a ca te sb ei an a 70 9. 00 ( 50 5. 00 -7 88 .0 0) 15 7. 00 ( 12 1. 00 -1 97 .0 0) 23 .3 0 (2 0. 20 -3 1. 40 ) 4. 34 ( 3. 05 -5 .6 5) A rs er im a nd M er m er ( 20 08 ) R an a m ac ro cn em is M 67 4. 07 ( 42 5. 53 -1 00 0) 17 0. 48 ( 91 .4 9- 22 9. 41 ) F 71 6. 39 ( 42 0. 45 -1 10 5. 26 ) 16 5. 10 ( 87 .7 8- 25 7. 89 ) T 69 4. 54 ( 42 0. 45 -1 10 5. 26 ) 16 7. 88 ( 87 .7 8- 25 7. 89 ) D ön m ez e t a l. (2 00 9) Bu fo b uf o M 47 0. 74 ( 46 9. 56 -4 71 .9 3) 13 1. 02 ( 12 7. 27 -1 34 .7 8) 27 .8 3 (2 6. 97 -2 8. 70 ) F 37 8. 90 ( 34 0. 12 -4 17 .7 0) 11 5. 95 ( 11 1. 90 -1 20 .0 0) 30 .8 1 (2 8. 72 -3 2. 90 ) G ül a nd T ok ( 20 09 ) R an a ri di bu nd a R an a da lm at in a Bu fo v ir id is Bu fo b uf o H yl a ar bo re a Pe lo ba te s sy ri ac us M ah ap at ra e t a l. (2 01 0) Po ly pe da te s m ac ul at us M 58 2. 01 ( 47 4. 57 -7 00 .0 0) 13 7. 51 ( 11 9. 29 -1 46 .6 6) 26 .0 5 (2 0. 57 -3 2. 34 ) F 41 9. 56 ( 36 0. 57 -4 62 .1 6) 13 5. 82 ( 12 5. 00 -1 60 .0 0) 33 .4 9 (2 8. 06 -4 0. 00 ) 145Haematology of Turkish Anurans In this study, the RBC counts were higher in terrestrial (P. viridis, P. syriacus and H. arborea) than in semi-aquatic (R. dalmatina) species. There were variations in WBC count of all species. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCV and MHC were higher in terrestrial (P. viridis, H. arborea and P. syriacus) than in semi-aquatic (R. dalmatina) and aquatic (P. ridibundus) species. The MCHC values were all similar to each other. The plasma total protein was higher in terrestrial species than in semi-aquatic species. In summary, it was reported that blood cell counts and sizes in anuran species dis- played considerable individual variations and interspecies differences. 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