Goidanichiella sphaerospora, the world’s second record Hanna Kwaśna and Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk Department of Forest Pathology, Poznań University of Life Science wojska Polskiego 71c, PL-60-625 Poznań, kwasna@owl.up.pl Kwaśna H., Behnke-Borowczyk J.: Goidanichiella sphaerospora, the world’s second record. acta Mycol. 45 (1): 33–35, 2010. a specimen of Goidanichiella sphaerospora was found in Pinus sylvestris forest soil in Międzychód, northwestern Poland (52.601, 15.889883), in October 2009. This is the world’s second record of G. sphaerospora. Bimorphic conidial heads and conidia are reported for the first time. Goidanichiella sphaerospora forms Aspergillus- and Penicillium-like conidial heads. Conidia formed at +24oC are oval to ellipsoidal, often apiculate, smooth, rather thick-walled, hyaline, with one oil drop inside, 3-4 × 2-3 μm. additional ellipsoidal to cylindrical, thin- walled, 4-6.5 (-8) × 2-3.0 μm conidia are formed only after incubation for at least 7 days at +4oC in darkness. Key words: Goidanichiella sphaerospora, morphology, taxonomy InTrODUCTIOn During a study of biodiversity in fungal communities in forest soils treated with dif- ferent methods of post-harvest utilization of wood debris and pre-planting prepa- ration of soil, Goidanichiella sphaerospora Matsushima was identified on the basis of its morphology in vitro. The fungus produced numerous, characteristic, brown- pigmented conidiophores which ended mostly with Aspergillus-like radiate, fertile conidial heads. Conidia were cohering in glistening white slimy globule heads. Four species of Goidanichiella G.L. Barron ex w. Gams are currently known: G. barronii w. Gams, Steiman & Seigle-Murandi, G. cylindrospora D.w. Li & G.H. zhao, G. fusiformis K.D. Hyde, Yanna, Pinnoi & E.B.G. Jones and G. sphaerospora (Barron 1968; Matsushima 1975; Gams et al. 1990, 2009; Hyde et al. 2002; Li, Zhao 2007). Goidanichiella sphaerospora has previously been found only once, in forest soil in Hokkaido, Japan, by Matsushima (1975). The aim of this paper is: (i) to present the world’s second record of G. sphaero- spora, (ii) to report newly observed morphological characteristics (Figs 1–8). aCTa MYCOLOGICa Vol. 45 (1): 33–35 2010 Dedicated to Professor Barbara Gumińska on the occasion of her eighty-fifth birthday 34 H. Kwaśna and J. Behnke-Borowczyk MaTErIaLS anD METHODS The fungus was isolated using the soil plate method (warcup 1950). Conidiophores and conidia of the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar (PDa; 20 g Difco PDa, 20 g agar in 1 L of distilled water) and synthetic nutrient agar (Sna; 1 g KH2Po4, 1 g kno3, 0.5 g MgSO4·7 H2O, 0.5 g KCl, 0.2 g glucose, 0.2 g sucrose, 20 g agar, 1 L distilled water) were mounted in water. Microscopic observations were made using nomarski differential interference contrast optics. rESULTS a single specimen of G. sphaerospora was found in P. sylvestris forest soil in Międzychód, northwestern Poland (52.601, 15.889883), in October 2009. The soil had been deep ploughed in 2005, when the 10-15 cm deep, humus-rich soil layer was inverted. The post-harvest wood debris had remained on the soil surface since 2005, usually between rows along which 6-year-old P. sylvestris trees were planted. The isolate of G. sphaerospora on PDa formed a thin colony, at first hyaline, later greyish, particularly in the centre, spreading broadly, with daily radial increments of 13-15 mm at 24°C. Conidiophores were numerous, scattered, erect, pale brown, with 4 (-5) septa (including the one at the base), 150-400 (-550) μm high, 15-20 μm diameter at the base, tapering to 8-10 μm diameter near the tip, supported by a swol- len, more or less cylindrical, horizontal, brown cell, about 60-70 × 8-15 μm, present in the subtending hypha. Most conidiophores ended with Aspergillus-like, biseriate conidial heads. Their vesicles, often with a slight constriction below the inflation, were up to 40 μm diameter, fertile usually only in the upper part, bearing a series of moderately divergent or strictly parallel metulae. Each metula was bearing 3-5 appressed tapering phialides. Metulae of the Aspergillus-like conidial heads were cy- lindrical to obconical, subhyaline, (4.8-) 6-7 × 3.6-4.8 μm. Phialides were cylindrical to conical, hyaline, 4.8-7.2 × 2.4-3.6 μm. rarely, more often on PDa, conidiophores that were usually shorter and always hyaline with Penicillium-like conidial heads ap- peared. They had none or less pronounced vesicles and 4-10 parallel metulae, each bearing 2-5 phialides. Conidia, oval to ellipsoidal, often apiculate, smooth, rather thick-walled, hyaline, with one oil drop inside, 3-4 × 2-3 μm, were formed on both the Aspergillus- and Penicillium-like conidial heads on Sna and PDa at 24°C. El- lipsoidal to cylindrical, thin-walled, 4-6.5 (-8) × 2-3.0 μm conidia were formed after incubation for at least 7 days at +4oC in darkness. Minimum, optimum and maxi- mum temperatures for growth were 10°C, 25°C and 35°C. The fungus was deposited in CaBI Bioscience, UK Centre (IMI 398538) and Centraalbureau voor Schimmel- cultures, Utrecht, the netherlands (CBS 127247). The ITS1/2 Dna sequence is in European nucleotide archive under EMBL no Fr681846. Goidanichiella sphaerospora 35 DISCUSSIOn There are only two Goidanichiella species with biseriate vesicles, viz. G. barronii and G. sphaerospora. The latter was separated from G. barronii on the basis of: (i) width of conidiophores, which in G. barronii are (6-)8-13 μm near the base and 4-7.5 μm near the tip, (ii) size of metulae and phialides, which in G. barronii are 6.5-11 × 2-3.5 μm and 7.5-10 × 1.5-2.5 μm, respectively, (iii) formation of monomor- phic conidia at 24oC in a day-night cycle, (iv) formation of bimorphic conidia only at 4oC in darkness. The ellipsoidal to cylindrical, thin-walled, 4-6.5 (-8) × 2-3.0 μm conidia, formed only at low temperature and in darkness, resembled the similar al- lantoid, thin-walled, 4-6.5(-7) × 1.4-2.0 μm conidia produced on conidiophores with less pronounced vesicles by G. barronii (Gams et al. 1990). Our isolate of G. spaherospora differed from the original isolate described by Matsushima (1975) in: (i) formation of more slender metulae and phialides of the Aspergillus-like conidial heads, (ii) longer persistence of conidial structures which do not collapse after maturity, (iii) absence of globose conidia reported by Matsushima (1975), (iv) formation of larger, ellipsoidal to cylindrical conidia at low temperature and in darkness. rEFErEnCES Barron G. L. 1968. The genera of Hyphomycetes from soil. william and wilkins, Baltimore. Gams w., Steiman r., Seigle-Murandi F. 1990. The hyphomycete genus Goidanichiella. Mycotaxon 38: 149–159. Gams w., Seifert K. a., Morgan-Jones G. 2009. new and validated hyphomycete taxa to resolve nomen- clatural and taxonomic issues. Mycotaxon 110: 89–108. Hyde K. D., Yanna, Pinnoi a., Jones E. B. G. 2002. Goidanichiella fusiforma sp. nov. from palm fronds in Brunei and Thailand. Fung. Diver. 11: 119–122. Li D. w., Zhao G. 2007. Goidanichiella cylindrospora sp. nov. from Connecticut, USa. Mycotaxon 101: 41–45. Matsushima T. 1975. Icones microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum. Kobe. 77–78. warcup J. H. 1950. The soil plate method for isolation of fungi from soil. nature 166: 117, London. Goidanichiella sphaerospora, drugie stanowisko na świecie Streszczenie Goidanichiella sphaerospora znaleziono w glebie leśnej, w młodniku Pinus sylvestris, w Mię- dzychodzie (Polska północna, 52.601, 15.889883), w październiku 2009. Jest to drugie stano- wisko tego grzyba na świecie. Poprzednio grzyba stwierdzono w glebie leśnej w Japonii. Grzyb tworzy zarodniki konidialne na bimorficznych konidioforach przypominających konidiofory Aspergillus i Penicillium. wystepują dwa rodzaje zarodników. w temperaturze 24oc, na PDa i Sna, tworzą się konidia, które są owalne do eliptycznych, ostro zakończone u podstawy, gładkie, grubościenne, hialinowe, z jedną kroplą wewnątrz, 3-4 × 2-3 μm. w temperaturze 4oC, przy braku światła, tworzą się dodatkowe konidia, które są eliptyczne do cylindrycznych, cienkościenne, 4-6,5 (-8) × 2-3,0 μm. 2014-01-01T11:50:14+0100 Polish Botanical Society