Hypogeous fungi of Lithuania: a preliminary checklist ErnEstas Kutorga1,2 and Marija Kataržytė1 1Department of Botany and genetics, Vilnius university M.K. Čiurlionio Street 21/27, Lt-03101 Vilnius, ernestas.kutorga@gf.vu.lt 2Laboratory of Mycology, institute of Botany, žaliųjų ežerų Street 49, Lt-08406 Vilnius Kutorga E., Kataržytė M.: Hypogeous fungi of Lithuania: a preliminary checklist. acta Mycol. 43 (2): 133–138, 2008. the paper reports on hypogeous fungi known from Lithuania, and data on their habitats, phenology, and distribution. references on the collections kept in the herbaria are also pointed out. the information is based on literature data and re-examination of all available voucher specimens. 22 species (12 genera, 3 phyla) recorded from 124 localities are presented in a preliminary checklist. Key words: hypogeous fungi, diversity, distribution, Lithuania IntroDuCtIon Hypogeous fungi of Lithuania are poorly known as only few mycologists have investigated them. the first relevant data on six species of hypogeous fungi were published by Bucholtz (1904, 1907), one of the pioneers in the study of sequestrate fungi (Castellano et al. 2004). F. Bucholtz’s examined specimens collected by M. Domaradsky from Kaunas surroundings in 1904. Unfortunately, all Lithuanian col- lections seen by F. Bucholtz were lost during First World War. Some records of hy- pogeous species were published by trzebiński (1934), Mazelaitis and Minkevičius (1957), Mazelaitis (1961, 1966). these species belonging to Leucogaster r. Hesse, Melanogaster Corda and Rhizopogon Fr. & Nordholm were included by Mazelaitis (1982) in his monograph on Lithuanian gasteromycetes. the data on ascomycete species of Choiromyces Vittad., Geopora Harkn., Hydnotrya Berk. & Broome and Tuber F. H. Wigg. have been published in a monographic work on the Pezizales of Lithuania (Kutorga 2000). recently undertaken special sampling by raking the soil has extended the known range of several species, and added three species to the Lithuanian mycobiota (Kataržytė, Kutorga 2005). the aim of the present study is to re-examine all available material on hypogeous fungi known in Lithuania, to re-evaluate taxonomic arrangement and nomenclature for all taxa treated, and finally to present an annotated checklist of these fungi. aCta MyCOLOGiCa Vol. 43 (2): 133–138 2008 134 E. Kutorga and M. Kataržytė MatEriaLS aND MEtHODS all relevant specimens in fungal reference collections of the institute of Botany, Vilnius (BiLaS) and Vilnius University (Wi) have been located and re-examined. the checklist includes also all the published records of species from Lithuania. the concept of hypogeous fungi follows Castellano et al. (2004). Other sequestrate fungi that produce sporocarps above soil surface in Lithuania, i.e. from the genera Sclero- derma Pers. and Endoptychum Czern., are not included in this checklist. For each fungus the information is given in the following order: scientific name, it’s synonym (when used in Lithuanian literature), data on habitat and phenology: months in which fungus has been observed/collected), distribution (Distr: number of known localities and administrative districts/cities); preserved and examined fungal exsiccata (Exs.; an acronym of herbarium in which specimens are deposited, and herbarium access number, fungal name on the label, if current identification is different), literature (Lit.), and notes (when necessary). taxa of Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota are treated separately in alphabetical order. the taxonomical arrangement of taxa follows Kirk et al. (2008), and an author citation was used according the authors of Fungal Names (2 ed., http://www.indexfungorum. org/ authorsOfFungalNames.htm). LiSt OF taXa GLOMErOMyCOta Endogone lactiflua Berk. & Broome under Picea abies, in ca. 90 years old Norway spruce wood, October. Distr.: 1 locality, Plungė district. Exs.: Wi (5476). Lit.: Kataržytė and Kutorga (2005). aSCOMyCOta Choiromyces meandriformis Vittad. (=Choiromyces venosus (Fr.) th. Fr.) In the vicinity of deciduous trees (Quercus robur, Betula sp., Alnus sp., Salix sp.), in deciduous, mixed and coniferous woods, august–October. Distr.: 4 locali- ties (documented by specimens), ignalina, Marijampolė, Molėtai and raseiniai dis- tricts; additional 4 localities (not documented), Kėdainiai, Klaipėda, Molėtai and Panevėžys districts. Exs.: BiLaS (4898, 9643, 18624), Wi (3350). Lit.: Mazelaitis and Minkevičius (1957), Mazelaitis (1966), Ławrynowicz (1990), Kutorga (2000). Elaphomyces asperulus Vittad. under Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies, in coniferous woods, occasionally in mixed woods with Betula, april–june, august–October. Distr.: 28 localities, anykščiai, Elektrėnai, Kupiškis, Panevėžys, Plungė, �alčininkai, �ilutė, tauragė, Varėna, Vil-škis, Panevėžys, Plungė, �alčininkai, �ilutė, tauragė, Varėna, Vil-Panevėžys, Plungė, �alčininkai, �ilutė, tauragė, Varėna, Vil- nius and Zarasai districts, and Neringa. Exs.: BiLaS (3517 as Elaphomyces cervi- nus, 7582 as E. muricatus, 14066 as E granulatus, 14416 as E. cervinus, 18633, 18635, 19440, 21247 all latter four as E. granulatus, 24544, 24747, 28928), Wi (5453, 5454, 5465–5472, 5551); in collections of Cordyceps ophioglossoides – BiLaS (2918, 2981, 2988, 3295, 3931), Wi (3005). Lit.: Kataržytė and Kutorga (2005). Hypogeous fungi of Lithuania 135 Notes. E. asperulus is distinguished from E. granulatus mainly on the basis of spore ornamentation and colour of peridium (Ławrynowicz 1988). E. asperulus has spore spines up to 2 µm long and whitish to greyish pink peridium. E. granulatus is characterised by spines longer than 2 µm and whitish to yellowish peridium. Elaphomyces granulatus Fr. (=Elaphomyces cervinus (Pers.) Schltdl.) Mostly under Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies, rarely associated with Quercus robur, in coniferous and mixed woods, May–October. Distr.: 14 localities, Plungė, �akiai, tauragė, Varėna and Vilnius districts. Exs.: BiLaS (4875 as Elaphomyces variegatus, 18632, 24545), Wi (5452, 5455, 5458–5464, 5474, 5552). Lit.: Mazelaitis (1966), Kataržytė and Kutorga (2005). Elaphomyces muricatus Fr. (=Elaphomyces variegatus Vittad.) under Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, in coniferous woods, occasionally in mixed woods with Betula and Populus tremula, april, july–September. Distr.: 11 locali- ties, alytus, anykščiai, jurbarkas, Kretinga, Plungė, �irvintos and tauragė districts. Exs.: BiLaS (18634, 18781, 19411 all as E. granulatus), Wi (5475); in collections of Cordyceps ophioglossoides – BiLaS (2899, 2909, 3196, 3931, 5631, 11570, 24732). Lit.: Bucholtz (1904), Mazelaitis (1966), Kataržytė and Kutorga (2005). Notes. the fruit-bodies of Elaphomyces species were commonly observed in the places disturbed by feeding wild animals or in association of mycoparasitic species of the genus Cordyceps (Fr.) Link. Geopora arenicola (Lév.) Kers On soil, in coniferous and deciduous woods, usually on forest paths and in other naturally or artificially disturbed sites, occasionally in fire places, june–October. Distr.: 16 localities, jonava, jurbarkas, Pakruojis, Plungė, �akiai, �ilutė, Ukmergė, Varėna and Vilnius districts, and Neringa. Exs.: BiLaS (21294, 34521–34528), Wi (4810, 5456, 5523–5526). Lit.: Kutorga (1994, 2000). Hydnotrya tulasnei Berk. & Broome In Picea abies wood, july. Distr.: 1 locality, �ilutė district. Exs.: BiLaS (18627). Lit.: Kutorga (2000). Peziza ammophila Durieu & Mont. in the vicinity of grasses (Ammophila arenaria, Festuca arenaria, Leymus are- narius), in littoral sand dunes, September–October. Distr.: 4 localities, Neringa. Exs.: BiLaS (18566, 18593, 21780), Wi (5527, 5528). Lit.: Kutorga (2000, 2004). Tuber exiguum r. Hesse in mixed wood, august. Distr.: 1 locality, Kaunas surroundings. Exs.: None. Lit.: Bucholtz (1904), Kutorga (2000). Tuber puberulum Berk. & Broome under Pinus sylvestris, in a ca. 30 years old Pinus sylvestris plantation with in- termixed younger Picea abies trees, September–October. Distr.: 1 locality, Plungė district. Exs.: Wi (5475). Lit.: Kataržytė and Kutorga (2005). Tuber rufum Pico : Fr. f. nitidum (Vittad.) Montecchi & Lazzari (=Tuber nitidum Vittad.) in mixed wood on slope along Nemunas river, august. Distr.: 1 locality, Kaunas surroundings. Exs.: None. Lit.: Bucholtz (1904), Kutorga (2000). 136 E. Kutorga and M. Kataržytė BaSiDiOMyCOta Hymenogaster arenarius tul. & C. tul. in mixed woods, august–September. Distr.: 2 localities, Kaunas surroundings. Exs.: None. Lit.: Bucholtz (1907). Notes. the specimen, reported as Hymenogaster rehsteineri Bucholtz (Bucholtz 1904), was later reconsidered as H. arenarius by Bucholtz (1907). Hymenogaster citrinus Vittad. in wood, august. Distr.: 1 locality, Kaunas surroundings. Exs.: None. Lit.: Bu- choltz (1904, 1907). Hymenogaster olivaceus Vittad. in a ca. 40 years old Pinus sylvestris plantation with intermixed Picea abies trees, august. Distr.: 1 locality, Plungė district. Exs.: Wi (5477). Lit.: Kataržytė and Ku- torga (2005). Leucogaster nudus (Hazsl.) Hollós (=Leucogaster floccosus r. Hesse) not reported. Distr.: 1 locality, Vilnius surroundings. Exs.: None. Lit.: Mazelaitis (1982). Notes. Mazelaitis (1982) noted that the species usually grows in deciduous and coniferous forests, especially in Quercus stands, however, an exact data on ecology of Lithuanian record was not provided. Melanogaster ambiguus (Vittad.) tul. & C. tul. In Quercus robur wood, September. Distr.: 2 localities, Plungė (documented by specimen) and Varėna districts (not documented). Exs.: BiLaS (18989). Lit.: Ma- zelaitis (1982). Melanogaster variegatus (Vittad.) tul. & C. tul. in deciduous woods, the months of observations were not reported. Distr.: 2 localities, Vilnius surroundings. Exs.: None. Lit.: trzebiński (1934), Mowszowicz (1957), Mazelaitis (1982). Notes. reports on M. variegatus were based on collections made in 1928 and 1952. However, there are no specimens available under this name in Wi and BiLaS. according to the description provided by Mazelaitis (1982) the basidiospores were ellipsoid, 6–9 × 3–4 µm. Mentioned spore size fits better the concept of M. broo- meianus Berk. Extremely closely related M. variegatus s. str., a species of south- ern and central Europe, differs mainly in broader basidiospores, 7.5–10 × 5.5–8 µm (Lange 1956; Pegler et al. 1993). Pompholyx sapida Corda under Tilia sp., in park, august. Distr.: 1 locality, Kaunas surroundings. Exs.: None. Lit.: Bucholtz (1904). Rhizopogon angustisepta Zeller & C. W. Dodge Not reported. Distr.: Not reported. Exs.: None. Lit.: Mazelaitis (1982). Notes. in the treatment of gasteromycetes from the former Soviet Union (Sosin 1973) the species was reported as known from Lithuania. However, the attempt to reveal more data concerning this report has failed (Mazelaitis 1982). Hypogeous fungi of Lithuania 137 Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. & Nordholm In Pinus sylvestris woods, july–October. Distr.: 16 localities, Kretinga, Prienai, �alčininkai, �venčionys, tauragė and Varėna districts, Druskininkai and Neringa. Exs.: BiLaS (3361, 4869, 5175, 6525, 7832, 8097, 9994, 11271, 12674 as Rhizopogon virens, 12709 as R. vulgaris, 12719, 12759, 13435, 20507 as R. obtextus), Wi (5478). Lit.: Mazelaitis (1961, 1982). Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) th. M. Fr. In Pinus sylvestris woods, july, September–October. Distr.: 6 localities, ignalina, �venčionys, Varėna, Vilnius (documented by specimens) and Molėtai (not docu- mented) districts. Exs.: BiLaS (13149 as Rhizopogon virens, 13482, 13488, 14652), M (1809 as R. virens). Lit.: Mazelaitis (1961, 1982), Martín (2001). Notes. Both R. roseolus and R. vulgaris are characterized by peridium discoloring red to purplish red on bruising, however, these taxa can be distinguished by spore size. Following the concepts of taxa by Pegler et al. (1993) we assigned the specimens with larger spores (7–10 ×3–3.5 µm) to R. roseolus, and those with smaller spores (5,5–7 × 2–3 μm) – to R. vulgaris. the specimen, which has been collected by G. Bresadola in 1921 from Varėna district and currently preserved at M, was re-examined by Martín (2001). Rhizopogon vulgaris (Vittad.) M. Lange In Pinus sylvestris woods, august–October. Distr.: 5 localities, Varėna districts, Druskininkai and Neringa (documented by specimens) and Molėtai (not document- ed) district. Exs.: BiLaS (13087, 15357 as Rhizopogon roseolus, 15238 as R. roseolus; 21218 as R. roseolus). Lit.: Mazelaitis (1982). DIsCussIon 22 species (12 genera, 3 phyla) recorded from 124 localities are presented in the list of hypogeous fungi from Lithuania. Elaphomyces asperulus, E. granulatus, E. mu- ricatus, Geopora arenicola and Rhizopogon luteolus are the most commonly observed and collected species. 82 out of total 105 preserved specimens of hypogeous fungi belong to the five latter species. 13 species are known in Lithuania from one or two localities only. Voucher specimens of 8 species are no longer extant, and these taxa are currently known only from the literature. 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