New data on some rare species of Hyphomycetes from Lithuania Svetlana MarkovSkaja Institute of Botany, laboratory of Mycology Žaliųjų ežerų 49, LT–2021 Vilnius, svetlana.m@botanika.lt M a r k o v s k a j a S.: New data on some rare species of Hyphomycetes from Lithuania. Acta Mycol. 42 (1): 93-98, 2007. The paper presents new data on ecological peculiarities of five anamorphic fungi species, Cladorrhinum foecundissimum, Dwayaangam cornuta, Lateriramulosa uni-inflata, Pyramidospora herculiformis and Tetraploa setifera, their distribution and substrate preferences are discussed. Short description, illustration and map of localities in Lithuania of recorded species are presented. Key words: anamorphic fungi, Hyphomycetes, diversity, ecology, distribution, Lithuania IntroDUCtIon Anamorphic fungi inhabiting forest litter are characterized by wide adaptation abilities in different environments, but their species composition and ecology are still insufficiently known. The best-known and most studied are terrestrial, aquatic and aero-aquatic groups of Hyphomycetes (E l l i s 1971, 1976; M a t s u s h i m a 1975; I n g o l d 1975; B ä r l o c h e r 1992 et al.). During the studies of Hyphomycetes associated with forest litter in various terres- trial and freshwater ecosystems in mixed deciduous forests of central and southeast Lithuania in 1999–2004, five rare and interesting for their ecological adaptation pat- terns species were obtained both in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Recorded species were mainly polytrophic and developed as saprobes on dead woody plant substrates. Till present time three reported here fungi species, Cladorrhinum foecundissimum, Lateriramulosa uni-inflata and Tetraploa setifera were known exceptionally as terres- trial or soil-inhabiting ( M a t s u s h i m a 1971; M o u c h a c c a , G a m s 1993; R é v a y 1993), other two, Dwayaangam cornuta and Pyramidospora herculiformis as aquatic ( D e s c a l s , We b s t e r 1982; S i n g h 1976). Our observation indicated that they can grow, sporulate and actively decompose plant debris of forest litter both in moist terrestrial and submerged conditions. Whereas these species are characterized by amphibious nature of development, it is best to place them into the specific and still ACTA MYCOLOGICA Vol. 42 (1): 93-98 2007 Dedicated to Professor Alina Skirgiełło on the occasion of her ninety-fifth birthday 94 S. Markovskaja poorly studied ecological group of “amphibious” fungi (M i c h a e l i d e s , K e n d r i c k 1978; B ä r l o c h e r 1992; D i x , We b s t e r 1995) and regard them as such. Part of the reported here species are known only from few collections worldwide and our data supplement knowledge on their substratum specificity, habitats and geography. MATERIALS AND METHODS The specimens were collected directly from the terrestrial forest litter or were obtained by cultivating terrestrial litter in moist chamber in the laboratory. Sub- merged leaves were collected from aquatic habitats (forest streams, lakes, rivers) and later incubated in Petri dishes under the thin layer of distilled water. The fungi were studied using standard microscopic techniques and identified basing on their morphological properties and character of conidiogenesis. Descriptions and illus- tration were made from fresh preparations in distilled water. Specimens of dried material and permanent glass slides with lacto-phenol are deposited in the fungal collection at the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany (BILAS), Vilnius. DeSCrIPtIon anD DISCUSSIon Cladorrhinum foecundissimum Sacc. & Marchal, Bull. Soc. R. Bot. Belg., 24: 65, 1885. (Fig. 1 A). Mycelium yellowish-grey with clusters of subhyaline, branched, 3–4 μm wide, vegetative hyphae. Conidiogenous cells integrated, intercalary, monophialidic, de- Conidiogenous cells integrated, intercalary, monophialidic, de- terminate. Phialides subhyaline, ampulliform or subspherical with distinct collar- ettes, 6.3–9 x 1.5–3.6 μm. Conidia subhyaline or hyaline, smooth-walled, dacryoid or obclavate, 2.5–2.7 μm in diameter, aggregated in slimy masses. Material exaMined: on decaying unidentified wood, moist forest litter, Kėdainiai distr., Lančiūnava forest, September 21, 1999; on submerged unidentified wood, Lazdijai distr., Lake Ragožis, August 30, 2001. note: In europe Cladorrhinum foecundissimum previously has been isolated mainly from soil (A r x , G a m s 1966; H o l u b o v á - J e c h o v á 1979; B o r o w s k a 1986; M o u c h a c c a , G a m s 1993). From submerged conditions it was noted for the first time by H y d e and G o h (1999) on unidentified wood in the U.K. In Lithuania it was collected both from terrestrial and submerged habitats. Accordingly this spe- cies could be placed into the group of “amphibious” fungi. This species is widely distributed in Northern Hemisphere, though uncommon. Lateriramulosa uni-inflata Matsush., Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Pa- pua-New Guinea (Osaka): 34, 1971. (Fig. 1 B). Mycelium hyaline. Conidiophores semi-micronematous, hyaline, up to 20 μm long. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, terminal, determinate, integrated. Conidia hyaline, composed of three indentate branches, 20–23 μm in diameter. Material exaMined: on acorns of Quercus robur, moist forest litter, Vilnius en- virons, Verkiai Regional Park, November 3, 1999; on submerged leaves of Tilia cor- data, Vilnius environs, Verkiai Regional Park, forest stream, November 12, 2001; on Hyphomycetes from Lithuania 95 submerged leaves of Quercus robur, Vilnius environs, Verkiai Regional Park, river Neris, November 12, 2001. note: This species was described by M a t s u s h i m a (1971) on decaying leaves as terrestrial fungus from Papua-New Guinea and later was also collected in Japan Fig. 1. A – hyphae with phialides and conidia of Cladorrhinum foecundissimum; B – conidia of Lateriramulosa uni-inflata; C – conidiophore with conidia of Dwayaangam cornuta; D – conidia of Pyramidospora herculiformis; E – conidia of Tetraploa setifera. Scale bars: A = 10 µm; B-E = 20 µm. 96 S. Markovskaja (M a t s u s h i m a 1975). It is also known from North America (C r a n e 1968). In Eu- rope it is rarely collected as waterborne from washed litter and foam (M a r v a n o v á 1973; I n g o l d 1975; G ö n g z ö l , R é v a y 1983). In Lithuanian specimens L. uni- inflata sporulated abundantly after incubating submerged leaves for several days in Petri dishes under a thin layer of distilled water. Probably the fungus is not genuinely waterborne, but amphibious and is likely to be cosmopolitan in its distribution. Dwayaangam cornuta Descals, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 1982, 78 (3): 408 – 411. (Fig. 1 C). Mycelium hyaline. Conidiophores semi-micronematous, hyaline, 10–12 x 4 μm. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, terminal, determinate. Conidia hyaline, 40–75 x 30–50 μm, composed from main axis of 1–4 cells, 10–30 x 4–6 μm and four branches of 1–4–5 cells, in pairs, (17) 23–35 x 4.5–6.5 μm. Material exaMined: on decaying wood of Acer platanoides L., moist forest lit- ter, Vilnius environs, Verkiai Regional Park, November 4, 1999; on decaying wood of Quercus robur, moist forest litter, Kėdainiai distr., Juodkiškiai forest, October 3, 2001; from foam, Trakai distr., Jagelonys forest, forest stream, November 14, 2004. note: D e s c a l s described this species as aquatic after incubating a piece of wood (observed specimen was collected in streamlet in U.K.) under the thin layer of water (D e s c a l s , We b s t e r 1982), but earlier in U. K. conidia of this fungus were fre- quently observed in foam as unidentified (I n g o l d 1942,1959, 1975). In Lithuania this species was collected twice from moist forest litter on decaying wood and once from foam, thus it could be characterised as amphibious. Probably it is widely dis- tributed in the temperate zone of Northern Hemisphere. Pyramidospora herculiformis N. Singh, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 1976, 66 (2): 347 – 350. (Fig. 1 D). Mycelium hyaline. Conidiophores semi-macronematous, simple, 20–25 μm long, conidiogenous cells holoblastic, terminal, determinate. Conidia are H-shaped, com- posed from main axis with 2 cells and four lateral branches of 2–3 (4) cells, 20–25 x 6–8 μm in length. Material exaMined: on submerged leaves of Corylus avellana L., Varėna distr., Merkinė environs, Dzūkija National Park, Strauja Geomorphologic Reserve, River Strauja, November 1, 1997; on submerged leaves of Corylus avellana L., Kėdainiai distr., Barupė Hydrological Reserve, River Barupė, September 21, 1999; on fallen leaves of Coryllus avellana, moist forest litter, Kėdainiai distr., Stebuliai forest, May 6, 1999. note: This species was described by S i n g h (1976) as an aquatic hyphomycete collected on submerged rotting leaves of unidentified dicotyledonous plants from Africa (Sierra Leone). In Lithuania this fungus was collected on both submerged leaves of Corylus avellana and leaves of the same plant from moist forest litter, thus this species should be ascribed to amphibious fungi. Here it is for the fist time re- corded for Europe. Tetraploa setifera Ágnes Révay, Nova Hedwigia, 1993, 56 (3-4): 480 – 481. (Fig.1 E). Mycelium pale brown. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, intercalary, integratet, determinate. Conidia sessile. The body of conidia are dark brown, smooth, com- Hyphomycetes from Lithuania 97 posed of four closely developing columns of 4–5 (6) cells, 17–30 x 12–13 μm with ap- pendages. Appendages hyaline, smooth, 3–4 septate, 25–100 x 4–2 μm. Material exaMined: on decaying wood of Fraxinus excelsior L., moist forest litter, Kėdainiai distr., Berunkiškiai forest, October 2, 2002. note: Present collection of Tetraploa setifera is the first record of this species from Lithuania and the second record in the world. Originally for the first time this species was described from Hungary on rotten unidentified wood collected near the stream from moist habitat ( R é v a y 1993). Lithuanian specimen morphologically (by shape and size of conidia) is practically identical to the published description of type material. Among six species of genus Tetraploa, only Tetraploa setifera always produce smooth-walled conidia with closely adpressed columns in the apical part. Morphologically T. setifera is very close to commonly found on grasses T. aristata Berk. & Br., which in Hungary was also collected on submerged wood of Fagus syl- vatica ( R é v a y 1993). Probably future ecological observation might confirm that T. aristata and T. setifera both belong to group of amphibious fungi. Until present T. aristata is known only from Europe. the fact of record of such rare species as Cladorrhinum foecundissimum, Dwayaangam cornuta, Lateriramulosa uni-inflata, Pyramidospora herculiformis and Tetraploa setifera in different terrestrial and submerged habitats in Lithuania, sug- gests that distribution and ecology of these fungi is far wider than was reputed. The distribution of above-mentioned species in Lithuania is illustrated in Figure 2. Fig. 2. Localities of Cladorrhinum foecundissimum (♦), Lateriramulosa uni-inflata (▲), Dwayaangam cornuta ( ■ ), Pyramidospora herculiformis (●) and Tetraploa setifera (★) in Lithuania. ■★  ♦●● ▲■  ▲▲ ♦ ■ ● 98 S. Markovskaja Acknowledgements: The author would like to extend a sincere gratitude to the Polish colleagues for kind invitation to contribute to this special issue. 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Nowe dane o kilku rzadkich na Litwie gatunkach Hyphomycetes S t r e s z c z e n i e Praca zawiera nowe dane do charakterystyki ekologicznej pięciu gatunków grzybów anamorficznych: Cladorrhinum foecundissimum, Dwayaangam cornuta, Lateriramulosa uni- inflata, Pyramidospora herculiformis i Tetraploa setifera. Dyskutowane są ich preferencje co do substratu oraz podane są ich cechy morfologiczne i rozmieszczenie stanowisk poszczególnych gatunków na mapie Litwy. 2014-01-01T11:45:28+0100 Polish Botanical Society