Rinodina griseosoralifera, a lichen species new to the Western Carpathians Paweł Czarnota1 and Martin KuKwa2 1Scientific Laboratory of the Gorce national Park, Poręba wielka 590 PL-34-735 niedźwiedź, pawel.czarnota@gpn.pl 2Department of Plant taxonomy and nature Protection, university of Gdańsk al. Legionów 9, PL-80-441 Gdańsk, dokmak@univ.gda.pl C z a r n o t a P., K u k w a M.: Rinodina griseosoralifera, a lichen species new to the Western Carpathians. acta Mycol. 42 (2): 287-290, 2007. Rinodina griseosoralifera Coppins is reported for the first time from Poland and the western Carpathians. it is known there from the Gorce Mts, only locality up to now. Details of the chemistry, morphology and general distribution are provided and similar taxa are discussed. Key words: Rinodina, sorediate lichens, atranorin, zeorin, Carpathians, Poland introDuCtion Lichen genus Rinodina (ach.) Gray is comprised of crustose lichens with leca-(ach.) Gray is comprised of crustose lichens with leca-comprised of crustose lichens with leca- norine apothecia and brown, characteristically septate spores (for full description see n o w a k 1998; M a y r h o f e r , M o b e r g 2002). Most of the taxa reproduce by spores, but a few possess vegetative soredia and isidia; these are usually sterile and usually difficult to identify since many other, even unrelated, species are superfi- cially similar. in such cases, secondary chemistry is invaluable in their determination (e.g. tø n s b e r g 1992). in Poland, only two sorediate epiphytic Rinodina species, R. colobina (ach.) th. Fr. and R. efflorescens Malme, have been reported to date (Fa ł t y n o w i c z 2003). During the identification of some sterile crustose lichens we came across a specimen resembling R. efflorescens, but thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of atranorin and zeorin. the chemistry and morphology matches R. griseosoralifera Coppins, a taxon not known from our country. this paper presents the first record of R. griseosoralifera for Poland and the western Carpathians, provides information on its chemistry, morphology and general distribution, and discusses its affinities to several sorediate, usually sterile, taxa. aCta MYCoLoGiCa Vol. 42 (2): 287-290 2007 Dedicated to Professor Alina Skirgiełło on the occasion of her ninety-fifth birthday 288 P. Czarnota and M. Kukwa MateriaL anD MetHoDS Morphology of the specimen was studied with the aid of a stereomicroscope and chemical analyses were carried out using thin layer chromatography (tLC) accord- ing to o r a n g e et al. (2001). the material is stored in GPn, with a duplicate donated to uGDa-L. reSuLtS Rinodina griseosoralifera Coppins – Lichenologist 21: 169. 1989 Morphology and cheMistry. R. griseosoralifera is a crustose lichen forming an episubstratal thallus and consisting of greenish-white to brown areoles which usu- ally entirely dissolve into soredia, as in the Polish collection. Soralia are blue-grey, formed at the top of areoles, discrete (Fig. 1a) or forming a more or less continuous sorediate crust (Fig. 1B). apothecia were not observed in the Polish collection. the species produces atranorin and zeorin. tø n s b e r g (1992) also reported pos- sible traces of unidentified terpenoids, but we did not detect any additional sub- stances. affinities. Due to its blue-grey external soredia R. griseosoralifera is superfi- cially similar to several taxa: Buellia griseovirens (turner & Borrer ex Sm.) almb., Caloplaca chlorina (Flot.) Sandst., Rinodina colobina and R. efflorescens. the most significant character is the chemistry. B. griseovirens produces norstictic acid and at- ranorin as major compounds (squash preparation reacts K+ yellow turning orange and forming needle-like crystals), C. chlorina does not contain lichen substances, R. colobina has substances called ‘colobina unknows’ in the thallus, and R. efflorescens has pannarin (with additional substances) causing P+ orange-red reaction of soralia (tø n s b e r g 1992). additional characters differentiating these taxa are shown in the table 1. ecology. in the Polish locality the species covered eutrophic bark and occasion- ally mosses at the base of an old Pyrus, forming large patches up to ca 10 dm2. it was associated with Acrocordia gemmata (ach.) a. Massal., Bacidia subincompta (Hoffm.) a. Massal., Caloplaca obcurella (J. Lahm) th. Fr., Candelariella xanthos- tigma (ach.) Lettau, Lepraria vouauxii (Hue) r. C. Harris, Normandina pulchella (Borrer) nyl. and Phaeophyscia endophoenicea (Harm.) Moberg. the Polish habitat corresponds to that described by Pa l i c e (1999), suggesting that it may by a more frequent species in old orchards or solitary trees in Poland, but overlooked due to its usually sterile form and the necessity to examine it by tLC. distribution. in Poland, R. griseosoralifera is known from a single locality in the Gorce Mts, but it may be more widely distributed since suitable habitats are com- mon in the country. in europe, the species is rather uncommon, but widely distributed. to date, it has been reported from austria and Britain (C o p p i n s 1989), ireland (S e a w a r d 1994), Czech republic (Pa l i c e 1999), Germany (S c h o l z 2000), the netherlands (a p t r o o t et al. 2001), norway (C o p p i n s 1989; tø n s b e r g 1992), Spain (L l i m o n a , H l a d u n 2001), Switzerland (D i e t r i c h , S c h e i d e g g e r 1996) and ukraine (eastern Rinodina griseosoralifera 289 Carpathians) (K o n d r a t y u k , C o p p i n s 2000). outside europe, it is known from the Canary islands (tø n s b e r g 2002) and north america (tø n s b e r g 1993). polish speciMen exaMined. western Beskidy Mts, Gorce Mts, Poręba wielka vil- lage, old wodzicki’s manor park, 49°37’02”n/20°03’57”e, alt. 530 m, on bark of old Pyrus communis in old fruit orchard, 18.04.2007, leg. P. Czarnota 5147 (GPn, dupli- cate in uGDa-L–14058). additional speciMen exaMined. norway, Hordaland, Bergen, arna, arna Church, utM 32V Ln 0503, alt. 10 m, on Acer platanoides, 22.07.1990, leg. T. Tøns- berg 13338 (BG L-24513). ta b l e 1 Comparison of Rinodina griseosoralifera and superficially similar taxa occurring in Poland (acc. to tø n s b e r g 1992 and author’s studies) Feature taxa Rinodina grise- osoralifera Rinodina ef- florescens Rinodina colobina Caloplaca chlorina Buellia griseo- virens non-soraliate parts of thallus indistinct, small areolae, early dissolv- ing into soralia or sorediate crust areolate to subsqua- mulose, often dissolving into soralia areolate to warted, ±dis- appearing, early becom- ing sorediate mostly quite thick, at least partially dis- tinctly areolate to ±leprose mostly distinct, areolate to more or less continuous Prothallus indistinct, brown visible around the areolae indistinct, be- tween areolae, sometimes brownish black absent sometimes dis- tinct, brownish to brownish violet usu- ally present, brownish, often bluish tinged Colour of soralia bluish-grey to pale greyish green brown, greyish brown, pale to dull greenish yellow grey-black to bluish-grey, rarely greyish green grey to bluish grey greyish white, yellowish, greenish to dark grey, often with a bluish tinge Shape of soralia ±circular, plane to con- vex, discrete or confluent, bursting from areolae punctiform, ±flat to hemispherical bursting from areolae or substratum not well de- fined, mostly irregular and efflorescent, sometimes marginal at areolae marginal at areolae, punctiform to confluent forming lep- rose sorediate crust mostly circu- lar, convex, plane or cra- teriform Chemistry (major com- pounds) atranorin, zeorin; K–, P– or ±yellow- ish, C– pannarin, efflorescens unknown (pigment), ±zeorin; K–, P+ red, C– ‘colobina unknowns’; at least partial- ly K± violet, P–, C– no substances; at least partial- ly K± violet, n± violet, P–, C– atranorin, norstictic acid ±griseovirens unknowns; K+ yellow (forming crystals), P+ yellow, C– or ±yellowish Pigmentation of external soredia bluish-grey, K+ brown, n– often brown, K+ fuscous brown, n– grey-black, K+, C+, n+ violet bluish, K+ violet, n+ violet brown, often bluish tinged, K+ fuscous brown, n– 290 P. Czarnota and M. Kukwa Acknowledgements. we are indebted to an anonymous reviewer for suggestions on the manuscript, as well as to Professor Mark Seaward (Bradford, uK) for english correction and some improvements. reFerenCeS a p t r o o t a . , S p a r r i u s L . , v a n H e r k K . , d e B r u y n u . 2001. origin and distribution of recently described lichens from the netherlands. aktuelle Lichenologische Mitteilungen 5: 13–25. C o p p i n s B . J . 1989. Rinodina griseosoralifera, a new corticolous sorediate lichen from western europe. Lichenologist 21: 169–172. D i e t r i c h M . , S c h e i d e g g e r C . 1996. the importance of sorediate crustose lichens in the epiphytic lichen flora of the Swiss Plateau and the Pre-alps. Lichenologist 28: 245–256. Fa ł t y n o w i c z w. 2003. the lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Poland – an annotated checklist. w. Szafer institute of Botany, Polish academy of Sciences, Kraków, 435 pp. K o n d r a t y u k S . 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Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde 31: 1–298. S e a w a r d M . r . D . 1994. Vice-county distribution of irish lichens. Proceedings of the royal irish acad- emy 94 B: 177–194. tø n s b e r g t. 1992. the sorediate and isidiate, corticolous, crustose lichens in norway. Sommerfeltia 14: 1–331. tø n s b e r g t. 1993. additions to the lichen flora of north america. Bryologist 96: 138–141. tø n s b e r g t. 2002. Halecania viridescens and Rinodina griseosoralifera new to africa from the Canary islands. Graphis Scripta 13 (2): 52–54. Rinodina griseosoralifera, gatunek porostu nowy dla Karpat zachodnich S t r e s z c z e n i e Rinodina griseosoralifera jest nadrzewnym porostem skorupiastym wytwarzającym soredia. Plecha tego gatunku składa się z areolek, z których większość przekształca się w oddzielone od siebie (Fig. 1a) lub zlewające się (Fig. 1B) soralia; soredia mają kolor niebiesko-szary. obecność wtórnych metabolitów, atranoryny i zeoryny, pozwala odróżnić ten gatunek od in- nych, morfologicznie bardzo podobnych ‘sorediowanych’ przedstawicieli rodzaju Rinodina, tj. R. colobina i R. efflorescens, jak również od Buellia griseovirens i nadrzewnych form Caloplaca chlorina. Cechy chemiczne i morfologiczne ułatwiające identyfikację sterylnych form tych pię- ciu gatunków przedstawiono w tabeli 1. R. griseosoralifera jest nowym składnikiem bioty porostów Polski i jednocześnie Karpat zachodnich. Pierwsze jego stanowisko zostało znalezione w Gorcach, w starym sadzie pod- worskim we wsi Poręba wielka. Gatunek ten rośnie na korze Pyrus communis, a towarzyszą mu m.in. Acrocordia gemmata, Bacidia subincompta, Caloplaca obscurella, Normandina pul- chella i Phaeophyscia endophoenicea. Fig. 1. Habit of Rinodina griseosoralifera (Czarnota 5147, GPN); A – distinct soralia; B – confluent soralia; scale bars = 1 mm. 2014-01-01T11:46:49+0100 Polish Botanical Society