FRASCATI WORKSHOP 2013 The Tenth International Workshop on MULTIFREQUENCY BEHAVIOUR OF HIGH ENERGY COSMIC SOURCES Palermo, Sicily, Italy, May 27 – June 1, 2013 Edited by Franco Giovannelli & Lola Sabau-Graziati Workshop on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources Palermo, Sicily, Italy May 27 - June 1, 2013 Organizing Institutions Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali IAPS-INAF, Roma, Italy Dpt de Cargas Utiles y Ciencias del Espacio, DCUCE-INTA Madrid, Spain E.O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, HCA-NRL, Washington D.C., USA Max-Planck Institut fr Extraterrestrische Physik, MPE, Garching, Germany St. John’s College, SJC, Annapolis MD, USA Institute für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Karls Eberhard, Universität SAND 1, Tübingen, Germany ASCR - Astronomical Institute, Ondřejov, Czech Republic CTU - Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic Scientific Organizing Committee James Howarth Beall, HCA-NRL & SJC Franco Giovannelli, INAF-IAPS (Chairperson) Thomas Boller, MPE Lola Sabau-Graziati, INTA-DCUCE Andrea Santangelo, IAA, Universitt Tübingen René Hudec, ASCR & CTU, Prague, Czech Republic Local Organizing Committee Franco Giovannelli, INAF-IAPS (Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali) (Chairperson) Daniela Giovannini, CNR-IBCN (Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia) Paolo Persi, INAF-IAPS (Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali) Francesco Reale, CNR- ISC (Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi) ii FOREWORD The workshop on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources is a classical biennial meeting held in the same historical place for our workshops: the beautiful and wild island of Vulcano. Unfortunately, because of the Eolian Hotel is closed for repairs, this tenth edition of our workshop has been developed in Palermo at the Splendid Hotel La Torre. We are completely convinced that a deep discussion on the multifrequency behaviour of high energy cosmic sources, defined mostly by the physical processes rather than the types of objects, is the most powerful way for a better and faster development of our knowledge of the physics governing our Universe. For this purpose, we invited distinguished colleagues representative the most important space– and ground–based experiments of the present generation. They painted the whole panorama on the experimental results and on their interpretation by using current models and/or developing new ideas for a better comprehension of the detected phenomena. During the discussion of a lot of new results, obtained along most of the electromagnetic spectrum, we have learned that the astrophysics of galactic sources is still extremely interesting and unavoidable. Indeed it provides crucial information on the same physical processes occurring also in the extra– galactic sources, with obvious different scale factors. Moreover, new results coming from very high energy γ-ray experiments have shown the richness — and its potential increase — of the sky at those energies having detected hundreds cosmic sources until few years ago completely unknown, but hopefully to be detected since the cosmic ray spectrum extends up to energies as high as ≥ 1020 eV. The fluxes of very high energy γ-rays are attenuated because of their interactions with the cosmic radio, microwave, infrared and optical radiation fields. Measurements of the flux attenuation can then provide important information on the distribution of such fields. Then, very high energy γ-ray astronomy is the most powerful tool for solving the problem about the origin of cosmic rays. Many thanks to the authors, that accepted our reminders recalled at the beginning of the workshop, for keeping to schedule. However, in spite of the accurate respect of the dead line of a number of authors, we still suffer a delay in publishing these proceedings because of the laziness of a considerable part of other authors. In spite of this, these proceedings will appear roughly within one year from the workshop date. This is the tenth edition of the workshop (tenth if we consider the first historical one, held in Vulcano in 1984), whose proceedings are published in the international czech journal ‘Acta Polytechnica’. We would like to thank all participants and especially the speakers for their active contributions in rendering this workshop updated with their talks, alive with their discussions, and friendly with their attitudes. Particular thanks to Mr Francesco Reale for his excellent assistance for informatics in Roma, during the preparation of the workshop, and for his faultless assistance in Palermo. A special thank to Daniela Giovannini for her help during the critical moments of the registration of participants. We are grateful to the pianist Maèstra Valentina Usai, to the violinist Maèstro Alessandro Perpich and to the actresses Lisa Colosimo and Flavia Giovannelli for their wonderful performance ”Hic Habitat Felicitas: Mozarterie from the Kingdom Behind”. iii Many thanks to: the director of the Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (IAPS-INAF) (Dr Pietro Ubertini); the CAEN S.p.A. (Viareggio) who partially supported the organization of this workshop. Particular thanks to the Plan Nacional de I+D+i of Spain for partially supporting the publica- tion of this book. Finally, we would like to thank Mr Daniele Inzerillo, the Chef of the Splendid Hotel La Torre, who delighted us with his creations during our stay and to the whole staff of the Hotel for their professionalism and kindness. The Editors Franco Giovannelli & Lola Sabau-Graziati iv List of participants Amati Lorenzo , INAF–IASF, Bologna, Italy amati@iasfbo.inaf.it Ambrosino Filippo , La Sapeinza University, Roma, Italy filippo.ambrosino@roma1.infn.it Anderson Gemma , University of Southampton, UK gemma.anderson@hotmail.com Arnaud Monique , CEA Service d’Astrophysique, Gif sur Yvette, Saclay, France monique.arnaud@cea.fr Aschenbach Bernd , PRV Vaterstetten, Germany bernd.aschenbach@t-online.de Auriemma Giulio , Universit degli Studi della Basilicata, Italy Giulio.Auriemma@cern.ch Barret Didier , IRAP, Toulouse, France didier.barret@irap.omp.eu Barrière Nicolas , Space Sciences Lab - UC Berkeley, CA, USA barriere@ssl.berkeley.edu Beall James H. , SSD-NRL, Washington DC, USA beall@sjca.edu Behar Ehud , Technion. Haifa, Israel behar@physics.technion.ac.il Beilicke Matthias , Washington University in St.Louis, LA, USA beilicke@physics.wustl.edu Bisnovatyi-Kogan Gennady , Space Research Institute, IKI, Moscow, Russia gkogan@iki.rssi.ru v Blay Pere , GACE–LPI–Universidad de Valencia, Spain pere.blay@uv.es Boller Thomas , MPE, Garching, Germany bol@mpe.mpg.de Bordas Pol , IAAT & ISDC, Tübingen, Germany pol.bordas@uni-tuebingen.de Buckley David , Southern African Large Telescope, Cape Town, South Africa dibnob@saao.ac.za Castellina Antonella , INAF–OATo and INFN, Torino, Italy castelli@to.infn.it Castro Cerón José Maŕıa , Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain josemari@alumni.nd.edu Colafrancesco Sergio , School of Physics - Wits University, Johannesburg, South Africa sergio.colafrancesco@wits.ac.za Costamante Luigi , Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, Italy luigic2011@gmail.com Dar Arnon , Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel arnon@physics.technion.ac.il De Laurentis Mariafelicia , Dpt Scienze Fisiche, Università ”Federico II”, Napoli, Italy felicia@na.infn.it de Ugarte Postigo Antonio , IAA–CSIC, Granada, Spain adeugarte@gmai.com Della Valle Massimo , INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy dellavalle@na.astro.it Di Sciascio Giuseppe , INFN–Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy disciascio@roma2.infn.it vi Ebisawa Ken , JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan ebisawa@isas.jaxa.jp Moshe Elitzur , University of Kentucky, KY, USA moshe@pa.uky.edu Fargion Daniele , Dipartimento di Fisica, Università ”La Sapienza” di Roma, Italy daniele.fargion@roma1.infn,it Federici Memmo , INAF–IAPS, Roma, Italy memmo.federici@iaps.inaf.it Georganopoulos Markos , University of Maryland, Baltimore County, NASA–GSFC, Bal- timore, MD, USA georgano@umbc.edu Giovannelli Franco , INAF–IAPS, Roma, Italy franco.giovannelli@iaps.inaf.it Gómez de Castro Ana Inés , Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain aig@mat.ucm.es Guainazzi Matteo , European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain Matteo.Guainazzi@sciops.esa.int Harms Benjamin , University of Alabama, AL, USA bharms@bama.ua.edu Hudec René , Astronomical Institute Academy of Science, Ondřejov & CTU Prague, Czech Republic rene.hudec@gmail.com Iglesias-Groth Susana , Instituto de Astrof́ısica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain sigroth@iac.es Katsuda Satoru , RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan satoru.katsuda@riken.jp vii Kreykenbohm Ingo , Dr Karl Remeis Observatory & ECAP, Bamberg, Germany Ingo.Kreykenbohm@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de Krumpe Mirko , ESO, Garching, Germany mkrumpe@ucsd.edu Kundt Wolfgang , Argelander Institute of Bonn University, Germany wkundt@astro.uni-bonn.de Lott Benoit , CENBG, Gradignan, France lott@cenbg.in2p3.fr Maeda Keiichi , Kavli IPMU, University of Tokyo, Japan keiichi.maeda@ipmu.jp Marshall Herman , MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA hermanm@space.mit.edu Martino Bruno Luigi , CNR–IASI (Istituto Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica), Roma, Italy brunolmartino@gmail.com Meintjes Pieter , University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa meintjpj@ufs.ac.za Meli Athina , University of Gent, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Gent, Belgium ameli@phys.uoa.gr Merafina Marco , Dipartimento di Fisica - Università ”La Sapienza” di Roma, Italy marco.merafina@roma1.infn.it Milano Leopoldo , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università ”Federico II”, Napoli, Italy milano@na.infn.it Morihana Kumiko , Institute of Physical and Chemical Reserch (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama, Japan morihana@crab.riken.jp viii Morselli Aldo , INFN Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy aldo.morselli@roma2.infn.it Motch Christian , CNRS–Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France christian.motch@unistra.fr Muñoz-Tuñon Casiana , Instituto de Astrof́ısica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain cmt@iac.es Nebot Ada , Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France ada.nebot@astro.unistra.fr Nozawa Takaya , Kavli IPMU, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan takaya.nozawa@ipmu.jp Orlando Salvatore , INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Italy orlando@astropa.inaf.it Panagia Nino , Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA panagia@stsci.edu Parisi Pietro , INAF–IAPS, Roma, Italy pietro.parisi@iaps.inaf.it Persi Paolo , INAF–IAPS, Roma, Italy paolo.persi@iaps.inaf.it Perucho Manel , Dpt d’Astronomı́a i Astrof́ısica, Universitat de València, Spain manel.perucho@uv.es Piro Luigi , INAF–IAPS, Roma, Italy luigi.piro@iaps.inaf.it Pittori Carlotta , INAF–OAR and ASDC, Frascati, Italy pittori@asdc.asi.it Reale Francesco , CNR–ISC, Roma, Italy francesco.reale@sic.rm.cnr.it ix Rebolo Rafael , Instituto de Astrof́ısica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain rrl@iac.es Regis Marco , Università di Torino and INFN–Torino, Italy regis.mrc@gmail.com Reimer Anita , Universität Innsbruck, Austria anita.reimer@uibk.ac.at Ribó Marc , Universitat de Barcelona, Spain mribo@am.ub.es Rodŕıguez Fŕıas , Space and Astroparticle Group, UAH–Madrid, Alcal de Henares, Spain dolores.frias@gmail.com Rosinska Dorota , Kepler Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Gora, Poland dorota@astro.ia.uz.zgora.pl Rubino-Martin José Alberto , Instituto de Astrof́ısica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain jalberto@iac.es Sabau-Graziati Maŕıa Dolores , INTA–División de Cargas Utiles y Ciencias del Espacio, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain sabaumd@inta.es Sanchez-Portal Miguel , Herschel Science Centre, ESAC/European Space Agency, Vil- lanueva de la Cañada, Spain miguel.sanchez@sciops.esa.int Sani Eleonora , INAF-OA Arcetri, Firenze, Italy sani@arcetri.astro.it Santangelo Andrea , Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kepler Center, University of Tübingen, Germany andrea.santangelo@uni-tuebingen.de Sasaki Manami , Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kepler Center, University of Tübingen, Germany sasaki@astro.uni-tuebingen.de x Schartel Norbert , ESA/XMM–Newton SOC, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain Norbert.Schartel@sciops.esa.int Sikora Marek , PAN–Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warszawa, Poland sikora@camk.edu.pl Šimon Vojtěch , Astronomical Institute Academy of Science, Ondřejov, Czech Republic vojtech.simon@gmail.com van Soelen Brian , University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa vansoelenb@ufs.ac.za Spurio Maurizio , University of Bologna and INFN–Bologna, Italy spurio@bo.infn.it Stanev Todor , University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA stanev@bartol.udel.edu Tluczykont Martin , University of Hamburg, Germany tluczykont@gmail.com Tornambé Amedeo , INAF–Roma Observatory, Monteprozio Catone, Italy tornambe@oa-teramo.inaf.it Troja Eleonora , NASA–GSFC/CRESST, Greenbelt, MD, USA eleonora.troja@nasa.gov Tsuru Takeshi , Physics Dpt, University of Kyoto, Japan tsuru@cr.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp Ubertini Pietro , INAF–IAPS, Roma, Italy pietro.ubertini@iaps.inaf.it Vitantoni Daniele , Dipartimento di Fisica - Università ”La Sapienza” di Roma, Italy daniele.vitantoni@roma1.infn.it Walter Roland , ISDC, University of Geneva, Versoix, Switzerland Roland.Walter@unige.ch xi Yoon Sung-Chul , University of Bonn, Germany astroyoon@gmail.com Zió lkowski Janusz , PAN–Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warszawa, Poland jz@camk.edu.pl xii