ape: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called ape.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Economic; Development; Note; People; State; Countries; Economics; Government; China; Law; Power; Policy; System; Market; Data; States; Public; Trade; Students; Nigeria; Theory; Women; Economy; National; Human; Information; Industry; Governance; Inequality; Workers; Article; Bangladesh; Rights; Language; Company; Kashmir; Art; Equality; Vote; Intellectuals; Issn

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Hawking Irreversibility and Socio-Economic Determinism by Lane, Jan-Erik; Dieterlen, Florent (2017) - Massive construction of solar power and wind power plants in all countries, as well as stimulate small scale solar power; 4) Turn some countries away from massive dam constructions towards solar power parks, like Brazil and India, as the environmental damages are too big; 5) Mexico has a very favourable situation for solar power, but will need financing from the Super Fund, promised in COP21 Treaty. Keywords: countries; economic; energy; global; methane; note; politics; power; temperature; world
• The Limits of Sanctions as Instrument for Interest Actualisation in the International System: The Case of North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons Development by Chukwuemeka (Lecturer), Eze Malachy (2018) - This development attracted serious condemnation and international pressure led by the US and with the United Nations as a willing instrument that culminated in multiple multilateral negotiations and imposition of international sanctions aimed at slowing down the nuclear programme and coercing Pyongyang into a negotiated reversal of the programme (Kim, 2014). On one part, the US and its allies prominently Japan and South Korea imposed multiple bilateral sanctions on DPRK, while international sanctions form the other part. Keywords: data; dprk; economic; international; korea; machines; missile; mtcr; north; nsg; nuclear; politics; sanctions; security; states; vol; weapons
• Exchange Rate and World Currency by Liu, Fengquan (2018) - This will be more sustainable for international business and this theory of world currency does have advantage over existing systems. Keywords macroeconomics, world currency, exchange rate, mathematical modeling 1. Keywords: country; currency; economic; exchange; poor; rate; world
• The Science of Public Procurement and Administration. International Public Procurement Conference by Komakech, Robert Agwot (2018) - In Uganda, the body responsible for public procurement is Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Authority (PPDA); while Kenya has Public Procurement and Disposal Act (PPDA) which created the Public Procurement Oversight Authority (PPOA), the Public Procurement Oversight Advisory Board and the Procurement Administrative Review Board; Public Procurement Oversight Group for Ghana; South Africa created the Office of the Chief Procurement Officer (“OCPO”) and Tunisia has five different institutions created to manage public procurement (The Office of Prime Ministry, the High Committee of Public Procurement, the National Monitoring Office for Public Procurement, the Follow-up and Investigations Committee, and the Committee for Amicable Settlement of Disputes). Vol. 1, No. 2, 2018 www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape 80 Original Paper The Science of Public Procurement and Administration. Keywords: administration; art; basheka; business; economic; field; management; procurement; research; science; study; supply; theory
• Singapore Model and Mainland China Model in Terms of GDP Development by Lai, Hui-Chin (2018) - Singapore government believes technology advancement is important, and they came up with another strategy to increase its technological level. Singapore government obtained a positive fiscal surplus in 2017 (Note 36), but the government still owed a great amount of debt. Keywords: china; countries; development; economic; economy; enterprises; gdp; government; growth; mainland; note; party; people; politics; singapore; soes; state
• Shared Prosperity and the Quintile Income in Sudan: Preliminary Findings by Omer, Omer Eltayeb (2023) - The table showed the fact that income share of middle income group is less than 50% for all findings except for urban sector in 2011 which is more than 50%, one can conclude that the values of Palma ratio is higher by the standard international findings, again this revealed that income distribution is highly unequal, for further information see (Omer, 2018; Omer & Maglad, 2021). Income Shares of Bottom 40%, Middle Income Group and Inequality Measures for the National and Mode of Living by Percentage Income groups A National 1996 B National 2011 C Urban 1996 2011 D Rural 1996 2011 Bottom 40% 4.564 8.93 5.17 10.78 6.17 6.06 Middle group 31.03 36.43 30.9 53.12 40.27 32.67 Keywords: capita; economic; growth; income; inequality; overall; prosperity; share; sudan
• The Development of Rural Women’s Specialized Cooperatives in China: An Analysis from New Institutionalism Perspective by Huang, Cui (2018) - In terms of direct incentives, the Circular of the State Administration of Taxation of the Ministry of Finance on Relevant Tax Policies for Farmers’ Specialized Cooperatives stipulates, “The sale of agricultural products produced by the members of the farmers’ specialized cooperatives is regarded as the sale of self-produced agricultural products by agricultural producers with exemption from Value Added Tax (VAT). Keywords rural women’s specialized cooperatives, formal institutions, informal institutions www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economic Vol. 1, No. 2, 2018 114 Published by SCHOLINK INC. 1. Keywords: agricultural; china; cooperatives; development; economic; farmers; institutions; members; organizations; specialized; women
• China’s Response to Green Development: The Theoretical Characteristics and Significance of the “Two Mountains” Theory by Yan-song, Luo (2023) - The so-called ecological development of the economy refers to green, sustainable, resource-friendly development and the realization of ecological development of the economy. In the initial stage of economic development in China, in order to create huge economic benefits, it is inevitable to consume resources and pollute the environment at any cost, thus giving rise to a series of ecological problems. Keywords: development; economic; green; mountains; nature; theory
• Economic Inclusion: A paradigm Shift from the Radical Economic Transformation (RET) in the Context of Growing Xenophobia in South Africa by Mpofu, Buhle (2018) - The South African government hit back, tweeting that it “totally rejects this narrow perception which only seeks to divide our nation” and later issued public statements to assure investors that the land reform program will be conducted lawfully and South Africa will not follow the route taken by Zimbabwe. Sadly, we are seeing an upsurge of similar responses in South Africa, albeit in different forms as the www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economic Vol. 1, No. 2, 2018 130 Published by SCHOLINK INC. South African political and public discourses on foreign migrants are increasingly oriented towards regimes of exclusion, as opposed to promotion of diversity. Keywords: africa; development; economic; migrants; migration; national; note; people; south; transformation
• Bank Excess Liquidity and Economic Growth in Waemu Countries: A Panel Data Approach by Seraphin, PRAO Yao (2018) - The economic growth of the countries of the Union is therefore achieved in a context of bank excess liquidity. The Empirical Literature Review Empirically, several studies have focused on the determinants of bank excess liquidity. Keywords: bank; development; economic; excess; financial; growth; liquidity; model; results; term; test; variables
• Traditional Rulers, Electoral Process, and Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Exploring Relevance by Ihemeje, Godwin C. (2018) - The post-colonial state has criminalized the factual indigenous structure in Nigeria, these is evident in major suspension of traditional rulers as it is also exemplified in the removal of Deji of Akure in South Western Nigeria who was alleged of brutally beating his wife as against the courtesy of fundamental disposition of traditional ruler as a symbolic personality in the society. Abstract This study examines the role of traditional rulers in the Nigerian electoral process with a view to revealing perceptions arising from such engagement, specifically in democratic transitional process. Keywords: economic; elections; governance; government; institution; nigeria; people; politics; process; role; rulers; rulership; society; state
• Economic Incentives and Social Norms Can Lead Actors to Prosocial Behavior: An Evidence-Based Framework and Findings by Kamalan, Angbonon E. (2019) - Keywords incentives, social norms, prosocial behavior, probit, fractional 1. Bénabou and Tirole (2006) enlightened this issue in their study of incentives and prosocial behavior and provided convincing answers which defined extrinsic incentives given by the society and the intrinsic incentives providing from personal motivation. Keywords: behavior; borrower; economic; incentives; individual; lending; maturity; norms; politics; repayment; vol
• Can One Promote a Delegation of the Bilateral Aid to Multilateral Donors to Improve Foreign Aid Effect on Economic Growth in ECOWAS (Note 1) Countries? by Kébré, W. Jean Marie (2019) - Results of Regressions of Aid Effects with Emphasis on the Role of Governance Variables Total Foreign Aid Bilateral Aid Multilateral Aid (III) (IV) (III) (IV) (III) (IV) Foreign economic aid; should donors cooperate? Keywords: aid; countries; development; economic; ecowas; effect; governance; growth; model; results; variables
• Inequality by Bearse, Ph.D., Peter (2019) - One aspect of this is set forth in Manstead, who wrote: “…the school system reproduces social inequalities by promoting norms and values that are more familiar to children from middle‐class backgrounds. Finance: As the last “Great Recession” revealed, financial innovation and game-playing by major financial firms serve to generate both financial instability and greater inequality (Note 1). Keywords: class; economic; inequality; politics; work
• New Literary Genres—An Insight in the Creativity Optimization by ACAR, PhD student Coculiana (2019) - 3.2 The Comics and Their Role in Education From the above previously presented, we can note that one of the themes of comics books is history, a segment to which not only the Romanian authors have paid great attention, but also the authors from Europe and America. Even though in Romania comics have never had too many fans, being labeled as an entertainment for children, this form of communication has been and is very popular not only in the Anglo-Saxon and Germanic countries, but especially in the French-speaking countries such as France, Asterix’s country, and Belgium, where Hergé created Tintin. Keywords: book; character; comics; communication; economic; epistolary; genre; history; letter; literature; mail; new; politics; text; vol
• Populism & Political Participation by Ph.D. (Economics), Peter Bearse, (2019) - Online Published: April 8, 2019 doi:10.22158/ape.v2n2p85 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v2n2p85 Abstract This article defines both populism and political participation, tells why they are both important and how they interact and interrelate. What is political participation? Keywords: advances; economic; family; inequality; lack; new; participation; people; politics; time; vol
• Optimality of Morocco’s Currency Basket by Asmae, AZZOUZI; Ahmed, BOUSSELHAMI (2019) - Section IV is used to investigate possible asymmetries in the reactions of real exports/imports to changes in relative export/import price or real exchange rate and foreign/domestic economic activity, after disaggregating Moroccan trade flows by sectors using quarterly data for the period 1999:1 to 2014:4. In addition, the adoption of such a regime of exchange rate based on a basket of currencies may cause the risk of discordance between the debt denominated in foreign currencies and the distribution of trading partners (Benassy-Quere, 1999). Keywords: currencies; currency; dirham; dollar; economic; euro; exchange; exports; neg; price; rate; real; s s; t t; trade
• The Dual Stricture of the Israeli Economy: Is Technology the Solution? by Katz, Yaron (2019) - Yaron Katz1* 1 Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel * Yaron Katz, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel Received: March 30, 2019 Accepted: April 20, 2019 The dual structure of the economy means that despite being known as the “Start-Up Nation”, Israel has one of the highest poverty rates with the gap between the rich and the poor is widening. Keywords: economic; economy; internet; israel; media; oecd; society; structure; technology
• Modern Democracy and Traditional Bantu Governance: Towards an Alternative Policy by Boundja, Claver (2019) - The exercise of Bantu power is conditional on an “election” and Bantu formation. The Purpose of Bantu Power: To Secure People’s Lives Bantu power is in its essence word. Keywords: advances; bantu; citizens; democracy; democratic; economic; governance; legitimacy; life; people; politics; power; system; vol; world
• The Geo-Economic and Geo-Energy Pillar of Power as a Geopolitical Decision Making Factor within the Dynamics of the Southeastern Europe Geopolitical Complex by Deniozos, Nikolaos; Vlados, Charis M.; Chatzinikolaou, Dimos; Digkas, Agis (2019) - Consequently, we present the geopolitical and geo-economic data of the Southeastern Europe geopolitical complex; these are essentially interpretative variables that, on the one hand, contain www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economic Vol. 2, No. 3, 2019 190 Published by SCHOLINK INC. dynamic elements in terms of geographic and economic space and, on the other hand, interpret components of geopolitical power (expressed over geopolitical indicators). Reproduced from Savin (2016) Finally, in order to link the concept of decision-making to the subject matter, it must be pointed out that the concept of geopolitics does not coincide with the concept of geo-strategy: geopolitics constitutes the question of “is”, while geo-strategy questions “what has to be done” by undertaking the practical description of the outcomes of geopolitical analysis. Keywords: actors; advances; decision; economic; energy; gas; geopolitical; inc; international; making; new; politics; power; uncertainty; value; vol; www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape
• Finance and Political Participation by Ph.D. [Economics], Peter Bearse, (2019) - The apocryphal “99%”—small investors among individual citizens if they had money to invest at all—had long since become irrelevant players in financial markets. The broad FO category includes CEOs, Presidents and CFOs, not only of banks, mutual funds and pension funds of a host of primarily “financial” organizations but also of a broad range of non-financial organizations in practically every type of industry, both for-profit and non-profit. Keywords: buy; earnings; economic; participation; people; politics; term
• The Role of Ignorance about Keynes’s Inexact, Approximation Approach to Measurement in the A Treatise on Probability in the Keynes-Tinbergen Exchanges of 1938-1940 in the Economic Journal by E Brady, Michael (2019) - Otherwise, it is non-numerical, though bearing relations of greater and less to numerical probabilities according to the approximate limits within which our assumption as to the possible number of these causes lies” (Keynes, 1921, p. 259). Keynes’s approach was an inexact one. Keywords: approximation; economic; keynes; london; measurement; numerical; philosophy; probabilities; probability; theory; tinbergen; vol
• The Effect of Service Quality and Facilities against Satisfaction of Patients at Dental and Mouth Hospital Gusti Hasan Aman on Banjarmasin by Daud, Ibrahim; -, Dhelia (2020) - This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality (X1) and facilities (X2) on patient satisfaction (Y) in RSGM-GHA. Hasan Aman to patient gives satisfaction with t test value: service quality (X1) of 0.679 with a significant 0.499> 0.05 and t-count is smaller than t table 0.679 <1.988 which means that there is no influence. Keywords: advances; consumers; customer; data; economic; expectations; facilities; hospital; patient; politics; quality; regression; research; satisfaction; service; service quality; test; variable; vol
• The Prisoner’s Dilemma as a Conceptual Framework for Understanding Value-Related and Behavioral Changes in Western Societies in the Second Decade of the 21st Century: The Case of Israel by Zysberg, Leehu (2020) - It allows for a relatively short-term sense of accomplishment and sets the stage for implementing mechanisms of cultural change that encourages collaborative trust as social value. Computational substrates of social value in interpersonal collaboration. Keywords: advances; culture; dilemma; discourse; economic; example; israel; model; politics; prisoner; public; society; state; values; vol; www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape
• Analysis of the Impact of Unemployment and Reemployment on China’s Economic Growth by Jingtong, Zheng (2023) - High economic growth is typically positively associated with employment growth, as employment serves as the foundation for economic expansion. This article aims to analyze the underlying causes of unemployment in the post-epidemic era, while also delving into the challenges associated with re-employment and its subsequent impact on economic growth. Keywords: china; development; economic; employment; growth; labor; market; policies
• The Paradigm of Unity (PU) as the Basis for a “Copernican Revolution” (CR) in the Social Sciences (Note 1) by Biela, Adam (2020) - Keywords kuhnian paradigm, paradigm of unity, copernican revolution for social sciences, analogical cogito, chiara lubich, methodology of political sciences, methodology of economics, agoral gatherings 1. The humanities and social sciences have not elaborated any paradigm of this significance until now. Keywords: advances; behavior; biela; economic; gatherings; human; integration; new; paradigm; perspective; politics; psychology; research; revolution; sciences; unity
• Politics of Land and Agrarian Reforms in Africa: Examining the Challenges and Solutions by M. Ang’anyo, Onyango; Leiro, Letangule S. (2020) - Land reforms is generally accepted to mean; the redistribution of property or rights in land for the benefit of the landless, tenants and farm labourers, while Agrarian reforms—a construct of the Cold War to counter “communist” land reforms; embraces improvements in both land tenure and agricultural organization. Land reform fell out of favour with donors from the early 1970s—nonetheless, sporadic efforts to redistribute land continue. Keywords: africa; development; economic; government; kenya; land; note; reform; south; tenure
• Perspectives of Parents towards Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Zimbabwe by Mahuyu, Joburg; Makochekanwa, Albert (2020) - In Zimbabwe TVET had generated considerable interest among academicians and politicians. In Zimbabwe TVET has generated considerable interest among academicians and politicians. Keywords: development; economic; education; equipment; institutions; parents; skills; students; training; tvet; vol; zimbabwe
• The Beginning of Agoral Gatherings in Poland and Their Macro-Systemic Political and Economic Consequences: Events of Lublin July 1980 by Biela, Adam (2020) - www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economic Vol. 3, No. 4, 2020 20 Published by SCHOLINK INC. Keywords agoral gatherings, the Lublin July 1980 strikes, John Paul II’s first pilgrimage to Poland in 1979, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid in the events of Lublin July 1980, non-violent intentions of the participants of Lublin strikes, peaceful collapse of the totalitarian communist system 1. Summarizing the psychological analyses of the strikes of Lublin July 1980, we can state with all certainty that these strikes, understood as gatherings of people, fulfil all seven features that constitute their definition as “agoral gathering,” without exception. Keywords: economic; gatherings; july; lublin; lublin july; participants; people; poland; region; solidarity; strikes; workers
• Power through Culture: The Gender Paradigm in China’s Soft Power Engagement in the Global South by Kelkar, Govind; Agarwal, Ritu (2023) - For example, a popular song in rural China during the land reform period in the 1950s was: Your place is by the stove, I forbid you to touch my land. References All China Women’s Federation. Keywords: china; chinese; confucius; cultural; culture; development; economic; equality; gender; global; institutes; international; national; party; politics; power; women
• Urbanization, Gender and Economic Growth in the Waemu Zone: Evidence from Pooled Mean Group Estimation by Seraphin, Prao Yao (2020) - Accepted: November 27, 2020 Online Published: December 1, 2020 doi:10.22158/ape.v3n4p47 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v3n4p47 Abstract This study empirically analyses the influence of urbanization and the participation of men and women in the labour force on economic growth in the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Using data from the World Bank (2017) on the member States between 1990 and 2016, we show from Pesaran’s PMG estimator, Shin and Smith (1999) that in the short term, youth and women are very useful for economic growth. Keywords: countries; data; development; economic; force; gender; growth; labour; participation; pmg; term; urbanization; variables; waemu; women; world
• The Study on China-ASEAN Cooperation under “the Belt and Road” Initiative by Yujin, Yang (2023) - In order to better promote China ASEAN cooperation, China should maintain the regional center status of ASEAN, solidly promote bilateral trade and enterprise investment, through cultural exchanges and international public opinion promotion, tell China’s story well, win the hearts of ASEAN people, and enhance trust between each other. In the new international political and economic situation, both sides are facing challenges from factors such as intervention from foreign powers, political uncertainty within ASEAN countries, competition for economic development space, and misunderstanding and concerns about China’s rise. Keywords: asean; asean countries; asia; belt; china; chinese; cooperation; countries; development; economic; green; international; investment; road; trade
• Striking Similarities: The Origins of the European Economic Community by Blake, David (2021) - Its ultimate aim was full economic and political union with state economic leadership over highly regulated private sector companies, but without any requirement for securing democratic consent. The underlying economic philosophy behind the Plan for the EEC is “state economic leadership” over heavily regulated private sector companies which are expected to operate as efficiently as possible using the latest available technologies. Keywords: advances; commission; community; economic; economy; european; inc; market; note; plan; politics; state; trade; union; vol; www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape
• Migration Pattern across the Indian States—Analysis of Census 2001 and 2011 by Brar, Kirandeep; Seo, Bosu (2021) - Its ultimate aim was full economic and political union with state economic leadership over highly regulated private sector companies, but without any requirement for securing democratic consent. The underlying economic philosophy behind the Plan for the EEC is “state economic leadership” over heavily regulated private sector companies which are expected to operate as efficiently as possible using the latest available technologies. Keywords: advances; commission; community; economic; economy; european; inc; market; note; plan; politics; state; trade; union; vol; www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape
• Strategy and Challenges for in the Central Asia Integration by Cheng, Xie; Bei, Deng (2024) - However, Turkmenistan encounters significant practical obstacles in engaging in Central Asian integration due to the uncertain prospects of regional integration and its unitary economic structure. If Turkmenistan can sustain its engagement, strategically adjust its foreign policy, and optimize its economic reforms, it will be able to assume a more significant role in the process of Central Asian integration. Keywords: asian; central; cooperation; countries; economic; foreign; integration; neutrality; policy; turkmenistan
• Making Astrology Look Respectable: On the Extraordinary Abuse of Economic Models in the EU Referendum Debate by Blake, Professor David (2021) - To test this assumption, the severe shock scenario assumes an element of financial contagion with EU economies. We should not forget that the IMF’s record of predicting the results of UK economic policy is not especially good. Keywords: advances; brexit; countries; economic; economics vol; european; gdp; gravity model; inc; leave; leaving; model; note; policy; politics; recession; report; shock; term model; trade; treasury; treasury model; uk economy; uk gdp; uncertainty; var model; vol; www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape; years
• The Effect of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict on the Palestinian labor Market and Human Capital Accumulation by Hallaq, Sameh (2021) - This period is characterized by the remarkable negative effect on Palestinian wages with a sharp increase in unemployment due to the substitution of the Palestinian laborers with foreign workers. This shock to the labor supply also had www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2021 114 Published by SCHOLINK INC. a heterogeneous impact on Palestinian wages based on their educational attainment (skilled labor versus unskilled labor) and employment sector (public versus private and rural wages versus urban wages). Keywords: conflict; economic; effect; employment; intifada; israeli; labor; market; note; palestinian; percent; wage; workers
• Borderland, Migration and the Question of National Identity in Nigeria, 1914-1991 by Abubakar (Ph.D), Bello Zakariya; Adihikon (Ph.D), Tanko A.; Ali, HamisuSani (2022) - For further explanation on this, see: Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon Versus Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea intervening) international court of justice see: www. Moreso, the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria are major division in modern Nigeria, created during the regime of President General SaniAbacha. Keywords: africa; border; british; countries; country; economic; identity; international; migration; national; nigeria; note; people; politics; region; vol; west
• Fiscal Decentralization and Natural Disaster Relief in China by Bo, Wang (2022) - What is the effect of China’s fiscal decentralization on local government disaster prevention, and how does that affect natural disaster relief, which is an important topic discussed in this paper? From the regression results of Model 2, fiscal decentralization has a significant positive impact on the proportion of local government economic public goods expenditure, and the statistical results are significant at 5% significance level. Keywords: decentralization; disaster; economic; expenditure; goods; government; prevention; relief
• Obor: One Belt, One Road Initiative, China Pakistan Economic Corridor, Challenges, and Impediments by Ahmad, Professor Dr. Syed Salahuddin (2022) - Vol. 6, No. 1, 2023 www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape 1 Original Paper Obor: One Belt, One Road Initiative, China Pakistan Economic Corridor, Challenges, and Impediments Professor Dr. Syed Salahuddin Ahmad 1* 1 Professor, Greenwich University, Karachi, Pakistan Received: November 14, 2022 Accepted: December 18, 2022 Online Published: December 23, 2022 doi:10.22158/ape.v6n1p1 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v6n1p1 OBOR Before we explore further what is (CPEC) China Pakistan Economic Corridor we must study the philosophy of OBOR. Keywords: china; chinese; corridor; countries; cpec; economic; march; obor; pakistan; politics; vol
• How does China’s Belt and Road Initiative outperform EU’s Global Gateway Strategy by Yang, Yujin (2025) - In short, the Global Gateway’s top-down approach—prioritizing EU standards and market logic over local contexts—contrasts with the BRI’s emphasis on strategic alignment and adaptability. EU connectivity policies and the case of the global gateway. Keywords: belt; bri; china; cooperation; countries; development; economic; european; gateway; global; infrastructure; initiative; investment; policy; road; road initiative

• You Can’t Give What You Don’t Have: Intervention Agencies and Gender Dynamics in Beneficiary Communities by Akinyoade, Demola; Awodola, Bosede; Ogunrin, Adeola (2020) - In cases where intervention impacted negatively on their livelihood and income, community women took collective nonviolent action to demand a change in the implementation, and they succeeded. The underlined shows the strategic effectiveness of nonviolent agitation by Niger Delta women. Keywords: commission; community; conflict; delta; development; gender; girls; impact; intervention; male; nddc; niger; peace; policy; programming; sensitivity; women
• Research on the Construction of Legal Culture in Ethnic Areas in the New Era under the Consciousness of Chinese National Community by Lan, Tianjun; Zhang, Zhihan (2024) - This process has seen key policies and systems gradually incorporated into the legal frameworks of minority areas, with external support melding new socialist era rule of law concepts with traditional ethnic minority legal cultures. As a distinctive component of the traditional legal framework, it too underwent development and transformation akin to other ethnic legal systems, continually enriching its content and diversifying its expression, thereby playing an increasingly crucial role in upholding social order. Keywords: areas; china; culture; development; law; law culture; minority; national; rule; social
• Research Status and Path Outlook of Fintech-Driven Carbon Finance Development by Dong, Xingye; Yang, Wenxuan (2024) - Therefore, the establishment of a unified legal framework and the development of internationally recognized trading rules and regulatory standards are necessary measures to promote the healthy development of carbon financial markets. This includes developing special laws and regulations for carbon financial markets, clarifying market trading rules, strengthening supervision of trading activities, and establishing a sound market risk prevention and control system. Keywords: carbon; development; finance; fintech; market; technology
• A Review of Research on Networks of Modular Production by Chen, Jiali (2024) - As one of the most advanced forms of industrial organization, modular industrial network is of great significance in promoting the sharing of superior resources among enterprises, building innovation platforms and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises (Zhang & Zhong, 2015). Modular industrial network: Research on Technological Progress and value integration. Keywords: design; development; industry; innovation; modularity; modularization; modules; network; production; research; scholars; system; technology
• Research on the Key Paths of Enterprise Integration of Domestic and Foreign Trade from the Perspective of Knowledge Transfer by Ren, Zhimin; Zheng, Honggang; Yang, Qican (2024) - Further studies have revealed that the higher productivity of domestic market enterprises does not necessarily indicate a high quality of innovation. Whether seeking breakthroughs in foreign trade for foreign trade enterprises or seeking opportunities in domestic markets for domestic trade enterprises, both face significant pressures. Keywords: china; development; economics; enterprises; industrial; innovation; integration; knowledge; market; process; research; trade; trade enterprises; transfer
• Royal Supremacy and Its Influence on the Formation of Early British Nation-State by Ma, Chen (2024) - The kingship of Tudor Dynasty is the embodiment of monarchy, which seems to be contrary to the historical process and the needs of British national development, but in fact it contains new factors that just cater to the development direction of nation-state. Due to the contradiction between new noble and the old aristocracy, the king and the Vatican, Tudor religious reform movement gradually brewed and then broke out. Keywords: british; development; formation; kingship; nation; royal; state; supremacy
• Effect Measurement and System Optimization of Special Debt in Promoting High-Quality Development of Local Economy by Wang, Xinyuan (2024) - 1.3 The Impact of Special Bonds on Local Finances Since 2015, the issuance of local government special bonds has been increasing year by year. First, the proportion of special bonds in local government bonds is on the rise. Keywords: bonds; debt; development; financing; government; issuance; quality; scale
• Digital Finance Helps “Five-in-one” Rural Revitalization Development by Zhu, Weipeng (2024) - The government should establish a long-term mechanism for rural digital financial innovation and development, and give support to rural digital finance in terms of funding, policy and technology. 5.5 Accelerating Rural Digital Construction and Building a People-Friendly Service System The development of rural digital financial inclusion needs to be supported by a good digital infrastructure. Keywords: areas; construction; development; digital; finance; financial; revitalization; technology
• When Anti-Corruption Meets Industrial Policy: Nigeria’s EFCC’s Function Creep into Industrial Policy Enforcement by Gaiya, Abel B.S. (2024) - This leaves the bulk of investigation to be directed at obtaining qualitative data from stakeholders in ACAs and industrial policy implementation agencies. Anti-corruption agencies may engage in cases in which fraud and other forms of corruption have taken place, whether in industrial policy jurisdictions or not. Keywords: advances; agencies; agency; bank; capacity; corruption; country; creep; development; economics; efcc; enforcement; inc; nigeria; policy; politics; state; vol; www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape
• Chinese Diplomacy Discourse in the Prism of the Relations with the Sub-Saharan Region by Levtov, Marianna (2021) - Chinese political discourse is a sort of transformer, which reveals new sides during the analysis. The neoclassical realism allows to include different interdisciplinary concepts and to argue that Chinese political thought as well as political rhetoric demand a special and objective analysis, which does not privilege the Western values and does not idealise the Chinese ones (Mao, 2010). Keywords: advances; china; chinese; development; diplomacy; discourse; economics; foreign; international; jinping; leadership; new; order; policy; politics; power; prc; principle; relations; space; vol; www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape
• Climate Change and Revisiting Security from Traditional State-Centric to Human Security and Beyond by Ph. D, D. Litt, Prof Narottam Gaan,; Das, Dr Sudhansubala; Mahanandia, Dr Banita (2022) - Climate change, a global phenomenon, calls for a collective response in the form of global partnerships (MDG 8) Linkages between Climate Change and Security Some effects of climate change are already evident and will become very clear in the human and climatic short run (2007-2020). www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 5, No. 3, 2022 60 Published by SCHOLINK INC. Keywords Climate change, human security, climate change as threat to human security, climate change, security and conflict Keywords: change; climate; climate change; development; economics; human; nature; non; people; politics; security; state; threats; undp; vol; world
• Local Economic Development in Ethiopia: Policy and Practice by Tessema, Defferew Kebebe (2022) - Except South Africa, the practice of local economic development strategies is limited in Africa, specifically, in SSA. The study fills this gap and contributes to the debates and evidence of local economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) based on data obtained through key informants interviews and systematic review of extant literature and documentary sources on the policies and practices of LED in Ethiopia. Keywords: africa; business; city; country; development; enterprise; ethiopia; government; level; localities; program; regional; rogerson; strategy; urban
• The Problem and Countermeasure of Party Branch leading Cooperative—A Case on A Rural Tourism Cooperative Led by Party Branch in B Village of Shandong Province by Wei, Yuxin (2022) - Several neighboring villages in the same city are optimized and adjusted into the same Party branch through village Party branches, and professional cooperatives and associations are established, such as Agricultural Machinery and grain Cultivation Professional cooperatives and associations, which implement the traditional agricultural combination of agriculture, husbandry and fishery. The promotion of village Party branch mainly depends on structural empowerment. Keywords: collective; cooperative; development; economy; governance; party branch; power; resources; village; village party; villagers
• Industrialization of Socialist-Oriented Economy Development in Nepal: Contribution, Possibility and Challenges of Private Sectors by PhD, Dr. Uttam Khanal, (2022) - Unless an investment-friendly environment created in the industry, the investor’s attention cannot be directed towards industry development. Therefore, it has become necessary to remove the challenges in industry development. Keywords: development; employment; foreign; government; industries; industry; investment; nepal; percent; policy; sector; socialism; state; year
• Confronting the Constitutional Challenges to Realizing the Right to Development of the Niger Delta Communities in Nigeria by AJOKU ESQ, O. OGECHUKWU (2022) - The Marxist “Dialectical Materialism” is also a resource that will be apt in aiding the appreciation of this work in explaining the resulting effect of neglect of Niger Delta development. The RTD is the right of peoples and individuals to the constant improvement of their well-being and to a national and global enabling environment conducive to just, equitable, participatory and human-centred development respectful of human rights (Note 9). Keywords: african; communities; development; government; human; law; niger delta; nigeria; note; oil; politics; region; resources; right; vol
• Upgrading for Sustainable Development Goal through 16th Plan of Nepal: A Study of Its Challenges and Opportunities by Khanal, Dr. Uttam; Puri, Ravi Raj (2025) - Nepal at that time”, Part 2, p.171; and Shah, Rishikesh, “Modern Nepal: A Political History”. Vol. 8, No. 1, 2025 www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape 1 Original Paper Upgrading for Sustainable Development Goal through 16th Plan of Nepal: A Study of Its Challenges and Opportunities Dr. Uttam Khanal1* & Ravi Raj Puri2* 1 Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 2 Department of Conflict Peace and development Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Email: khanaluttam24@yahoo.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5355-9049, ravirajpuri47@gmail.com Received: December 03, 2024 Keywords: access; countries; development; economics; education; food; goals; government; health; increase; national; nepal; people; poverty; rate; security; water
• The Impact of E-commerce on the Upgrading of County-level Industrial Structure—From the Perspective of Export and Enterprise Expansion by Zhang, Qingli; Wang, Linming (2025) - The comprehensive demonstration project of e-commerce entering rural areas has cumulatively supported 1,489 regions. The regression results show that the coefficient of the policy shock is significantly positive at the 1% significance level, preliminarily indicating that the policy of e-commerce entering rural areas has played a positive role in promoting the upgrading of the industrial structure at the county level. Keywords: areas; commerce; counties; county; development; industrial; level; pilot; policy; rural; structure; upgrading
• Rethinking the Development of Science and Technology Finance in China by Dong, Xin (2025) - This paper first reviews the interactive relationship between technological progress and financial innovation during the three industrial revolutions, clarifying the connotation and functional positioning of science and technology finance. Financial innovation, in turn, acts as a catalyst for commercial and technological progress. Keywords: capital; development; enterprises; finance; innovation; market; risk; science; support; system; technology
• Research on the Implementation Path of Precise Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities under the Background of Digital Transformation by Chengying, Yan (2025) - In the context of the digital age, the methodological approach of indoctrination and infiltration in ideological education is undergoing a profound paradigm shift. Learners gain the right to express and participation through the immediate feedback mechanism, and this interactive teaching model with mutual growth brings unprecedented vitality to ideological education. Keywords: construction; data; development; digital; education; era; students; system; teaching; technology; transformation; universities
• Fully Mobilize the Enthusiasm, Initiative and Creativity of the Whole Society to Participate in Chinese Modernization by Jing, Hao (2025) - On the one hand, the enthusiasm is reflected in the deep understanding that Chinese modernization is the inevitable trend of social development, and that modernization is the only way to improve the quality of life and realize social progress; On the other hand, enthusiasm stems from the dialectical unity of individual development and overall social development, and is an internal recognition of the concept of development achievements are shared by all members. The value concept centered on people are the main force of social development is an important perspective to understand social progress. Keywords: creativity; development; enthusiasm; initiative; modernization; people; social

• The Legislature and the Challenges of Political Institutionalization in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic by , PhD, Patrick I. Ukase; PhD, Terwase Dzeka, (2018) - Arising from the above explanation, this paper adopts the theoretical perspective which hinges on the fact that it is the strength and stability of political institutions that determines the health of any www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economic Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018 35 Published by SCHOLINK INC. democratic system. Political institutions determine who has power in the society and to what ends that power can be used. Keywords: executive; legislature; nigeria; note; political; state; ukase
• Modernizing Extremism: A Case of New Age Militancy in Kashmir by Ganaie, Nasir Ahmad (2018) - The Jammu and Kashmir police are discovering it extremely complicated to manage eye on the contemporary media technology, which has given abundant popularity to the new age Militants. The newest trend of entering the new age militancy era got a boost when a cop of the Jammu and Kashmir police namely Ishfaq Ahmad Dar, belonging to a Heff village of South Kashmir’s Shopian district had joined the Militant ranks (The Tribune, 28th October 2017) (Note 3). Keywords: february; kashmir; media; militancy; militants; new; note; state
• The Tianxia System: A Transcendence to the Liberal International Order by Zhonghe, Yu (2023) - Keywords Tianxia system, Liberal international order, Global governance, International system, Sino-US relations 1. The end of liberal international order? Keywords: china; lio; note; order; politics; states; system; tianxia; tianxia system; united; world
• Pardons and Commutations: The Nigerian Experiences (Note 1) by ILEKA, Justin C. (2023) - A7, Laws of Lagos State, 2015. The Governor of Lagos State, Mr Babajide Olusola Sanwo-Olu on the 16th of December 2019 inaugurated the Advisory Council on Prerogative of Mercy. Keywords: court; exercise; mercy; note; pardon; powers; prerogative; president; state
• Road Accident and Safety Issue in Bangladesh: A Critical Review by Razzaque, Naimul; Runa, Sharmin Jahan; Hossain, Md. Sagor (2023) - The Road Transport Act, 2018 is a significant step forward in promoting road safety in Bangladesh and it is expected to have a positive impact on reducing the number of road accidents in the country. 6.7 Lack of Awareness and Education Lack of awareness and education about safe driving practices and road safety is a significant factor behind road accidents in Bangladesh. Keywords: accidents; bangladesh; note; road; safety; traffic; transport
• Road Accident and Safety Issue in Bangladesh: A Critical Review by Razzaque, Naimul; Runa, Sharmin Jahan; Hossain, Md. Sagor (2023) - The Road Transport Act, 2018 is a significant step forward in promoting road safety in Bangladesh and it is expected to have a positive impact on reducing the number of road accidents in the country. 6.7 Lack of Awareness and Education Lack of awareness and education about safe driving practices and road safety is a significant factor behind road accidents in Bangladesh. Keywords: accidents; bangladesh; note; road; safety; traffic; transport
• On the Four Eras of the Use of the Ocean by Mankind by Sun, Keren (2021) - Before the invention of cars and trains, sea transportation must have been faster than land transportation. Transportation by sea was a great asset to the ancient Greeks, with the help of ocean trade, the ancient Greeks accumulated and created more wealth: “In ancient Greece, nearly 700 small communities were within forty miles of the coast. Keywords: advances; dutch; economics; era; human; mankind; marine; note; ocean; resources; sea; trade; transportation; world
• The Rebuilding of “Greater Russia”: From Kievan Rus’ to the Eurasian Union (Note 1) by Kanet, Roger E. (2021) - Keywords Ethnic integration, Tsarist Russia, USSR, post-Soviet Russia, ethnic Russians, ethnic minorities, Eurasian Union 1. The Conscience of the Revolution: Communist Opposition in Soviet Russia. Keywords: kanet; moscow; new; note; policy; politics; population; president; putin; russia; security; soviet; states; ukraine; union; west
• The Sixties in Berlin and in Hollywood: City with a Wall in Its Center—The Attempt to Erase the German Past by KASSEM, HADI SHAKEEB (2021) - The genre of war films, which flourished in Hollywood in the sixties, did not focus on the moral significance of the crimes of Nazi Germany and focused on heroism in the battlefield. This trend went on later and repeated itself in war films, like the Battle of the Bulge. Keywords: advances; american; berlin; camp; cold; economics; film; german; hessler; history; hollywood; inc; nazi; new; note; people; politics; representation; soldiers; time; vol; war; way; west; www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape
• A Legal Evaluation of Companies Income Tax Under the Nigerian Tax Regime by Agwor, Ph.D, Desmond O. N.; Agwor, Ph.D, Charles I. G. (2024) - It highlighted the legal history and imposition of companies income tax in Nigeria, prior, during and postcolonial era until the present day legal regime. In the same vein, administration of companies income tax in Nigeria was critically evaluated, including the classification of companies income tax, taxable companies and taxable profits respectively. Keywords: act; business; companies; company; income; income tax; nigeria; note; profits; revenue; tax
• Popular Uprisings in Sudan: Revolutionary Processes Intercepted by Musa, Abdu Mukhtar (2021) - Even if they are to develop into political parties, they would not be considered as mass parties, but rather remains as regional or ethnic parties as they represent specific areas and tribes or ethnic groups. The common characteristic of all these four types of political parties in Sudan is that they cannot develop a sound political culture and, hence, cannot contribute to the functioning of an effective political process. Keywords: advances; democracy; economics; forces; military; new; note; parties; party; people; politics; regime; revolution; sudan; sudanese
• Barking at the Wrong Tree: Articles 31-31bis TRIPs Revisited in Light of COVID-19 Lessons by Munin, Nellie (2022) - It illustrated that the major obstacle to access of developing countries and LDCs to medicines and/or vaccines in cases of broad-scale, global pandemics is global production capacity and distribution priorities, namely: availability, rather than price. It further illuminates the lack of any other global instrument to deal with this challenge in future cases of global pandemics. Keywords: access; article; countries; covid-19; law; medicines; note; pandemic; rights; trips; vaccines; world
• Religion and Power Comparing Political Landscape in the Religious Conflicts in Poso and Maluku by Yunanto, Sri; Damayanti, Angel (2022) - Maluku and Poso conflicts have taught us how political conflicts matter in explaining religious conflicts. This research classifies political conflict in Gus Dur Time into three; with the Suharto family, with the former supporter of Central Axis, and with military and police. Keywords: 2004; axis; christian; conflict; dur; ethnic; groups; gus; indonesia; jakarta; leaders; maluku; military; muslim; note; politics; poso; suharto; vol
• Pistor and Milanovic: The Codes of Capital and Inequality A Commentary on Law, Economics and A New Design for 21 stc. Capitalism by JD MDiv, LLM, SJD, Dr. K.C. O’Rourke, (2022) - At the same time, with a focus on economic capital development and utilization, the author begins to outline the struggles at the level of the nation State as it begins to adjust to a more integrated model of capitalism that balances economic capital at its core function with equal measures of financial, policy priority and broad political support for the development and utilization of human and social capital. [Wolter-Kluwer, March 2018],140-164 [discussing in depth the demise of the neoliberal paradigm (c.1980-2010) of capitalist globalization; meta-research provided; presents a framework of liberty for 21st century to support State core function based on balancing economic capital, social capital and human capital]; See also O’ROURKE, K.A.C., Post-Brexit: The Politics of Resentment and EU Reintegration-Creating a New Legal Constitution for Capitalism. Keywords: analysis; assets; capitalism; century; democracy; economics; globalization; inequality; law; milanovic; model; new; note; pistor; politics; state; vol; world
• Legal Aspects Related to the Termination of the Kumanovo Agreement (1999) and Possibilities for Serbian Armed Forces to return to Kosovo in Case of Termination of that Agreemen by Janev, Igor (2022) - It is apparently incorrect to argue that the existence of such reference as (or to the) “Kosovo Agreement” (hereinafter “KA”) that a day later became Annex II (Note 22) can be seen as an implied endorsement for aggressive action, particularly taking into considerations general provisions of Resolution 1244 guarantying territorial integrity and sovereignty of existing state (FRY) and especially bearing in mind an Article 2(1) of the UN Charter, as a pillar of international law. Likewise, without Kosovo Agreement, Security Council Resolution 1244 have essentially different character and limits; hence standalone (striped from annexes) it provides for territorial integrity of FRY and Serbia. Keywords: agreement; article; charter; force; fry; international; kfor; kosovo; law; nato; note; republic; resolution; security; serbia; state; yugoslavia
• Demystification of the Organic Theory of Company Law through the Lens of Corporate Governance Jurisprudence: Revisiting Shareholders Activism (A Case Study of Nigeria’s Company and Allied Matters Act 2004) by AJOKU ESQ, O. OGECHUKWU (2022) - The choice of this case study is deliberate due to the lessons to be learned regarding residence of company powers. “Appointment of company power Between the Board of Directors and the General meeting. Keywords: act; article; board; companies; company; directors; general; management; meeting; note; powers; shareholders

• Dilemma and Breakthrough: Innovation on Models of Public Legal Education in China Based on Knowledge Graph by Ma, Zilin; Wang, Yiting (2023) - Public legal education platform is an online platform providing legal knowledge services, providing users with a variety of legal knowledge to inquire and learn. As an important part of advancing the Rule of Law in China, public legal education should be timely innovated with the help of new technology. Keywords: data; education; graph; information; knowledge; knowledge graph; law; people; public; users
• The Romanian Mythology—Between National Identity and Globalization by ACAR, PhD student Coculiana (2019) - Mythology, in a chronological order, would fully embody them, hence the idea of reporting our popular culture to other European cultures, revealing the “mioritic matrix space” as a structuring factor of a way of life and spirituality, with that a priori “feeling of destiny”. Culture is a necessary and complementary dimension of the human-specific way of being. Keywords: blaga; bucurești; creation; culture; death; human; identity; life; mioritic; mioriţa; myth; people; romanian; space; world
• Research on the Value and Path of Integrating the Great Founding Spirit of CPC into College Ideological and Political Education by Huang, Xiaoxin; Lyu, Heng (2023) - Conclusion The era shapes great spirits, and great spirits guide the development of the era. Keywords Communist Party of China, The great founding spirit of the CPC, ideological and political education, college students 1. Keywords: cpc; education; founding; party; people; spirit; students
• Leadership Amidst Transition and Liminality: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Former Yugoslavia by Tešan, Jesenko; Davison, Joan (2020) - In Weber’s terminology, B&H elites are living off the politics rather than for the politics, and accordingly freezing liminality such that B&H exhibits many of the features of the iron cage of modernity. Yet, as Szakolczai demonstrates, there exists a palpable link among modernity, liminality, pathogenesis, schismogenesis, and the emergence of tricksters (2015) which often precludes such leadership. Keywords: b&h; democracy; elites; karadžić; leadership; liminality; milošević; people; politics; power; society; state; transition; war; weber; yugoslavia; šešelj
• Deteriorating Image of Political Parties in Malang, Indonesia by Prianto, Budhy; Suharnoko, Dwi (2020) - Political parties must be aware that the history of the existence of political parties is not solely for power but also for the welfare of the people. 1.1 Role and Function of Political Party The 2008 Decree number 2 on Political Parties and its amendment, Article 10 (2) of the 2011 Decree number 2 stated that the specific objectives of political party are: a) Increase political party members and public participation in carrying out political and governmental activities, b) Fight for ideals of political party within the life of society, nation, and state, and c)Develop political ethics and culture within the life of society, nation, and state. Keywords: candidates; constituents; election; general; indonesia; number; parties; party; people; politics; public; system
• From Post-Doc to Lockdown Teaching and Learning: Pedagogical Lessons for Religion and Mission in the Changing Post-COVID-19 Context by Mpofu, Buhle (2021) - The University of Pretoria already had online teaching programs in place when the government announced lockdown measures, and these proved to be effective for providing high-quality education in the context of social distancing. On the 7th of July 2020, the University of Pretoria website posted findings of a survey in an article “UP shows strong adaptability to online teaching and learning-survey”- (Note 3)which showed that “the vast majority of lecturers and students at the institution managed to move relatively seamlessly into remote (online) teaching and learning mode”. Keywords: covid-19; education; faculty; learning; online; people; religion; research; students; teaching; theology; university; world
• John Locke’s Doctrine of Limited Government: Establishment, Limitations and Criticisms by Ziyang, Pan; Shan, Liang (2021) - In the practice of political modernization, it is impossible to balance the relationship between government efficiency and government power with Locke’s doctrine of limited government. By analyzing the limitations of the source, affiliation and range of government power, this paper demonstrates the limitations of the limited government as the rule of law and the separation of powers on the inside, and the collapse of government and people’s revolution on the outside. Keywords: government; government power; law; locke; nature; people; power; revolution; rights; state; theory
• Machiavelli’s Political Thought and Its Inspiration—Text Analysis Based on the Prince by Haokai, Zhang (2022) - Therefore, a wise monarch needs to consider allowing people to seek monarch at all times. First of all, an attempt to unify Italy with the military conquest of individual new monarchs, rather than relying on the power of nationalism to mobilize the broad masses of the people, will hope that the princes will be contrary to the historical impetus of the people. Keywords: army; country; italy; machiavelli; means; military; monarch; national; people; politics; power; state; thought; time
• Democracy’s Invisible Savior: Why Citizens Should Welcome Taxes with Open Arms by Schwarz, Samantha (2022) - Comparatively, a leader’s abuse of externally sourced revenue simply won’t spark outrage and collective action the way misuse of tax revenue will. What is most important, is that aid is not supplied to developing regions with the intention to merely replace tax revenue; democratic gains should be able to outlast intervention. Keywords: bargaining; citizens; economics; government; oil; people; prichard; revenue; tax; taxation; taxes
• Mapping the Landscape of the Inherent Right to Self-Determination of Peoples within Sovereign States by Adibe, Emeka C.; Obiefuna, Obinne (2022) - He postulates that in a well-ordered society, the ‘public conception of justice provides a mutually recognized point of view from which citizens can adjudicate their claims of political right on their political institutions or against one another. It thus gave impetus to the eventual declaration of the rights of man in the Americas and www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 5, No. 3, 2022 47 Published by SCHOLINK INC. universal acceptance of human rights on the international scene and its recognition in the United Nations instruments. Keywords: african; determination; justice; law; people; politics; principle; right; secession; self; self determination; sovereign; state
• Ritual of Electoral Democracy, Growing Political Awareness and the Paradox of Contagious Scepticism by Omilusi, Mike (2022) - Employing secondary sources of data collection, this paper establishes the relationship between voter turnout and disenchantment and other underpinning variables associated with the Nigeria’s electoral democracy. Hence, the paradox for interrogation: Why voter education and political consciousness are increasing, there is a decline in voter turnout. Keywords: citizens; democracy; economics; election; electoral; government; nigeria; participation; people; politics; turnout; vol; voter; voter turnout; voting

• Literature Review on the Foreign Policy of China by Wang, Kun (2023) - 5.4.2 Institutionalism Theory The institutionalism model of foreign policy is a critical theory in understanding the theoretical foundations which influence the foreign policy of China. Accordingly, other commentators on foreign policy picked the phrase which was mentioned by Colonel Liu Mingfu, a retired Peoples’ Liberation Army of China, where he called for China to build the greatest world military power (Hudda, 2015). Keywords: actors; aid; china; chinese; choice; international; military; peace; policy; politics; problem; relations; state; system; theory
• Uncertain Future and Prospects of the Prespa Agreement between Macedonia and Greece by Janev, Igor (2020) - Keywords UN Charter, Prespa Agreement, Vienna Convention of the Law of Treaties, self-determination of peoples and States, inviolability of domestic jurisdiction, juridical personality 1. The “Legal Grounds” of Prespa Agreement The SC Res. 817 (1993), by imposing two additional conditions (obligations) on the applicant state for its admission to UN Membership (after affirming that the applicant meets “the criteria for membership laid down in Article 4 of the Charter of the United Nations”) is in severe conflict with the Advisory Opinion of International Court of Justice (ICJ) of May 28, 1948, related to the conditions required for www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 3, No. 2, 2020 3 Published by SCHOLINK INC. admission of a state to UN membership, and accepted by the General Assembly in its resolution A/RES/197(III) on December 8, 1948. Keywords: agreement; article; charter; law; macedonia; party; prespa; state
• Healing the Wounds of War: Reducing Maternal Mortality in Darfur by Elzarov, Zurab (2020) - The overall objectives of this joint project was to: a) reduce the insufficiency of maternal health services across the remote and isolated communities in North Darfur state; b) empower people “at-risk”, especially pregnant women and other vulnerable community members; c) reduce the maternal mortality and child mortality cases in the identified communities by addressing the lack of village midwives providing services to the local community members. Population of North Darfur state is estimated to be approximately 2.1 million. Keywords: darfur; health; mortality; project; state; training; unamid; women
• Large-scale Farms and the Rice Economy in Lau North-East Nigeria, 2005-2015 by Adihikon PhD, Tanko Angyetsokwa; Tenong, Francis John; David Buba, Daniel (2024) - Field size among rice farmers are 1.1 - 5 ha (59.3%), while only 8.4% of the farmers cropped 5.1 – 10 (ha). Whereas 61% of rice farmers engaged in upland rice production, only 17% and 8% carried out their activities in lowland and irrigated/upland supplemented with irrigation, respectively. Keywords: agricultural; farmers; farms; food; lau; market; marketing; nigeria; production; rice; state; taraba
• A Study on Robert Keohane’s Idea of “Power” by Sheng, Wang; Ziyang, Pan (2021) - The imbalance in the distribution of power has a significant impact on the inherent inequality of the international system, although Keohane’s idea of power downplays power politics and at the same time the role of hegemony, it is still a hierarchical idea of power, and the status of the actors involved in the regime is strongly influenced by this. (2) The most fundamental national interest is the survival and security of the state, also is the most basic goal served by the struggle for state power. Keywords: actors; hegemony; interdependence; keohane; politics; power; regimes; state; world

• Is There Money for a European Defence Force? by Matthijs, Herman (2018) - Essentially this means that more government money will have to be made available for EU defence. On 30 November 2016 the EU Commission submitted a “European Defence Action Plan” (EDAP), which proposed a European defence fund and other actions to support EU member states. Keywords: army; budget; countries; defence; eda; eu defence; eu states; european; european defence; members; nato; states
• The Military Expenditures of the NATO Members by Matthijs, Herman (2019) - 14,76% - France: 10,49% - UK: 10,45% - Italy: 8,14% - Canada: 6,37% - Spain: 5,55% - Netherlands: 3,19% - Poland: 2,76% - Belgium: 1,95% - Norway: 1,64 % - Romania: 1,13 % - Denmark: 1,12 % Source: NATO website. The list of countries with a decreasing evolution (more than 5 %) is long: Albania (- 7 %), Bulgaria (- 6 %), Germany (-6 %), Hungary (- 17 %), Italy (- 10 %), Latvia (- 23 %), Lithuania (- 25 %), Luxembourg (- 13 %), Netherlands (- 9 %), Norway (- 8 %), Poland (- 10 %), Romania (- 27 %), Spain (- 6 %), Slovak republic (- 8 %) ,UK (-3%) and the and USA (- 8 %). Keywords: countries; defence; european; gdp; military; nato; states; table
• Do Political Factors affect Government Health Spending? Empirical Evidence from Sub-Sahara African Countries by Issa, Dianda (2020) - The results show that democracy favours an increase in government health spending. Furthermore, a political competitive environment, the guarantee and the protection of civil liberties and political right, accountability, government effectiveness and political stability are decisive for increasing government health spending. Keywords: accountability; advances; capita; countries; democracy; economics; expenditure; gdp; government; government health; health; health expenditure; health spending; increase; log; politics; population; public; vol
• New Geopolitical Realities in the Armenian-Azerbaijani Confrontation and Prospects for the Development of Cooperation by Ismayilov, Prof. Dr. Chingiz (2023) - During the military operations to liberate Azerbaijani lands, the Iranian side, under the pretext of advancing its peace initiatives, sought in every way to slow down the process of de-occupation and expulsion of Armenian military formations from the territory of Azerbaijan. Despite the fact that in 1993 the UN Security Council adopted 4 resolutions on the “withdrawal of Armenian military formations from the occupied regions of Azerbaijan”, the Minsk Group Co-Chairs did not make proper efforts to implement the adopted resolutions. Keywords: armenia; armenians; azerbaijan; countries; lands; military; region; russia
• The Interaction between the Investment Behavior of Transnational Corporations and the International Political and Economic System by Xu, Chang (2023) - As a result, developing countries may be subjected to the intervention of developed country TNCs in the political field. The impact of TNCs on the national policies of host countries should not be underestimated. Keywords: corporations; countries; country; host; international; investment; tncs
• Rule of/by Law by Lane, Jan Erik (2021) - But these countries have hardly rule of law states. Constitutional law surged in the feudal society with representative bodies and councils, as Hintze pointed out against Weber, but only in Western Europe where political representation outlived feudalism. Keywords: countries; government; justice; law; rule
• An Analysis of Trade Protectionism from the Perspective of the Community of Human Destiny by Lu, Zhengying (2024) - Keywords community of human destiny, trade protectionism, chip industry, WTO 1. The rise of trade protectionism, to a certain extent, has caused disorder in the international trade order and intensified trade frictions between countries, which fundamentally violates the objective law of the development of global economic integration. Keywords: china; chip; countries; industry; protectionism; trade
• China-Russia Sports Programs by Kataria, Anuradha (2022) - Variegated systems are perhaps good for sports in general and people in all countries are used to their respective systems and it perhaps works for them that way. Sports is at its most exciting best. Keywords: countries; democratic; sports; world
• Towards Well-Ordered Coutries? by Lane, Jan-Erik (2022) - Latin American Violenza Few countries jn Meso-America or South America score as well-ordered. Most Well-Ordered Here we find countries scoring between 0.9 and .75. Keywords: countries; justice; law; politics; rule; world
• Policy Analysis and Cooperation Suggestions on ASEAN Countries’ Marine Plastic Waste Pollution by Bi, Shihong; Jiang, Wenyu; Yang, Yu (2024) - The second is to deeply integrate the management of Marine plastic waste between China and ASEAN with the current China-Asean environmental cooperation mechanism, and explore the establishment of a new cooperation mechanism while further promoting cooperation on Marine plastic waste management with the help of the existing mechanism; The third is to strengthen dialogue at the policy level. However, in the practice of Marine plastic waste management in ASEAN countries, there is a lack of management of Marine microplastics, most of which are macro Marine plastic waste management, such as plastic bottles, plastic bags and plastic plates and other visible plastic products. Keywords: asean; china; cooperation; countries; environmental; management; marine; ocean; plastic; waste

• A Few Words about the Market by Franjic, Sinisa (2023) - Market liberalization facilitates market access and market competition, leading to a reduction in administrative costs, especially in cross-border business. Contract system may additionally lie seen as the mechanism because of facilitating, regulating or imposing such market activities. Keywords: accordance; business; competition; conformity; consumers; economics; imitation; international; law; market; theirs; vol
• Digitization of Macro-Logistics Systems in Ukraine by Osetskyi, Valerii; Umantsiv, Yurii; Klymenko, Viktoriia; Lozova, Ganna; Yeshchenko, Elvira (2024) - O. Garafonova, D. Kozlovskyi, V. Sharov, I. Dvornyk in their work analyze various aspects of the functioning of international logistics systems, emphasize the need for their rationalization through cost optimization (Garafonova, Kozlovskyi, & Sharov, 2022). Conceptual aspects of functioning of international logistics systems. Keywords: cargoclix; driver; economics; loading; logistics; macro; management; slot; systems; time; transport; truck
• Japanese Network Economy-ERGM analysis of the “Big Six” by Gosztonyi, Márton (2021) - Keywords Japanese economy, network economy, ERGM 1. Keiretsu networks in the Japanese economy: A dyad analysis of interoperate ties. Keywords: analysis; banks; companies; economics; economy; effect; ergm; groups; japanese; keiretsu; network; system; vol
• The Principal Functions of Institutions in Shaping the Civil Society and Southern African Rural Organisations by Foyet, Metolo; Lubilo, Rodgers; Louis, Maxi Pia (2024) - Dedicated to empowering local communities through capacity building, CBNRM development projects, and advocacy for community rights, it operates across fifteen countries in Southern Africa, thereby navigating a complex landscape of formal and informal institutions. They are responsible for creating policies, managing community resources, overseeing day-to-day administrative tasks and ensuring their sustainability. Keywords: access; activities; advances; cln; communities; community; conservation; csos; economics; government; inc; institutions; norms; politics; resources; society; support; vol; www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape
• In Shortly about Energy and Energy Sources by Franjic, Sinisa (2021) - Industrial processes call on oil both for energy generation and for product component. By energy source, the projected increase in natural gas consumption during the period 2008–2035 is second only to coal. Keywords: climate; coal; distribution; economics; electricity; energy; gas; generation; oil; policy; power; production; sources; use; world
• Looking Beyond a Nuclear-Armed Iran: The Major Implications of Nuclear Iran for the Middle East by Hussaini, Sayed Reza (2021) - Yarom Ariav, a former Director General of the Israeli Finance Minister, asserted that “nuclear Iran involves considerable economic costs to Israel, from its effect on our economy rating to large security outlays.” Many argue that nuclear Iran would cause insecurity in Israel. Keywords: arabia; bomb; east; economics; egypt; international; iran; iranian; israel; middle; military; nuclear; politics; saudi; security; states; turkey; united; war; weapons
• Hidden Affections: Presumptions that Continue to Misshape The Measurement of Emotion by Marcus, George E. (2022) - Thereafter, the major presidential candidates were named and for each candidate seven emotion words randomly presented: angry, hopeful, afraid, proud, disgusted, sympathetic, and uneasy. Using lists of emotion words as multiple indicatorsoflatent scientific concepts of emotion treats emotion words as a way of identifying their meaning rather than by reference to a dictionary (Sullivan & Feldman, 1979). Keywords: advances; anger; economics; emotion; et al; marcus; politics; psychology; vol
• Socio-Economic Culture of Backward Communities: An Educational Achievement of Dalit Students by Khanal, Dr. Uttam; prasad Paudel, Dr. Gyanendra (2022) - Enrollment of Dalit Students in Basic Level S. N. Details Total Numbers of student Dalit students Percent 1 Boys 26725 2977 11.14 2 Girls 24249 2753 11.35 3 Total 50974 5730 11.24 Sources: Tulsipur Sub-Metropolitan City, 2020. The problems are expressed by educational progress of Dalit students due to Poverty, lack of consciousness, large number of families, landlessness, unemployment, lack of educational scholarships, lack of agricultural and business loans, lack of schools near slums, high fees, inferiority complex, traditional social norms, discrimination against children, wasteful spending, relocation and falling mentality. Keywords: children; community; dalit; economics; education; lack; level; nepal; non; parents; percent; problems; rate; school; students; study
• Artificial Intelligence and Urban Economics: An Observational Study on Labor Market Transformation and Commercial Real Estate Dynamics by Shen, Yushun (2025) - Policymakers, planners, investors, and business leaders must band together outside of sectoral solutions to design integrated strategies to cope with the systemic implications of urban AI. The government can manipulate the excess budget for more influential programs, including promoting education, providing a better healthcare system, and funding AI industries (Brent, 2024). Keywords: advances; economics; government; high; inc; jobs; labor; market; new; office; politics; unemployment; urban; vol; workers

• Is Participatory Budgeting Understood Enough by Citizens in Terms of Being Reachable for Them? by Xhaferi, Saniela; Dhrami, Blerina (2019) - http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v2n2p157 Abstract This study focuses mainly on participatory budgeting issues, citizen budget education; informing citizens about public investments/projects; community needs; employee performance; the quality of public services provided. In order to investigate the last part, we felt the need to measure citizen perceptions (through a survey) on the Participatory Budgeting process and to identify those shortcomings of the process directly related to citizen engagement in Participatory Budgeting. Keywords: budget; budgeting; citizens; government; participatory; process; public
• An Empirical Study of the Uptake of Electronic Government Services by the Limpopo Department of Home Affairs by Nokele, Sonayena Kenneth (2024) - This paper investigated from the officials; perspective factors that affect the uptake of e-government services provided by the Limpopo departments of Home Affairs. This model will enable the researcher to determine the relationship between perceived ease, perceived usefulness, and official attitude toward the use of e-government services. Keywords: affairs; africa; citizens; department; dha; government; home; services; south; technology; use
• Taliban Rule in Afghanistan—Impact on India-Afghanistan Relations by Manzoor, Aafreen (2022) - India Afghanistan Relations. Undefined role: On India Afghanistan bilateral relations. Keywords: afghanistan; government; india; relations; relationship; taliban; trade; women
• Exploration of Government Public Opinion Guidance Mechanism in Emergencies by Liu, Xinyan (2025) - This deep integration of technology and innovation will greatly enhance the speed and accuracy of the government's handling of public opinion information, making the decision-making process more scientific and efficient. In emergencies, public opinion, as a concentrated manifestation of public sentiment and social opinion, spreads and evolves rapidly with far-reaching effects on the direction of events and public sentiment. Keywords: emergencies; government; guidance; information; media; opinion; public

• Study on the Moral Realism Theory and Its Enlightenment by Wu, Kejie (2023) - Moral realism theory aims to analyze the motivation and logic of rising state replacing dominant state in international system. Yan Xuetong, a Chinese scholar of realism theory, is the main supporter of moral realism theory. Keywords: china; international; leadership; morality; politics; power; realism; realism theory; relations; theory
• Liberal Internationalism in the United States: Current Crises and Prospect Forecast by Lang, Lan (2023) - Keywords Liberal internationalism, United States, Biden 1. The core of liberal international order is www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 6, No. 3, 2023 26 Published by SCHOLINK INC. the global governance mechanism or international institutions. Keywords: china; internationalism; order; power; states; united; united states
• Research on the Gatekeeper Mechanism of Data Platforms under the Perspective of Data by Chen, Haozhe; Guo, Boning (2024) - Therefore, this paper uses data compliance as the writing perspective to explore the gatekeeper mechanism of data platforms in China. 2. Additionally, data platforms leverage optimized storage solutions, such as cloud storage, to efficiently manage large datasets while maintaining scalability and performance. Keywords: china; data; gatekeeper; information; platform; power; public; system
• A Review of the Research on Transnational Environmental Tort Law by Wang, Chaoyi (2022) - So people began to seek to solve the problem of transnational environmental tort through private international law. At the same time, in view of the leading role of transnational corporations in transnational environmental tort, it is supplemented by a further study of transnational environmental tort from the perspective of transnational corporations. Keywords: application; china; corporations; environmental; jurisdiction; law; principle; scholars; tort

• The Proof and Development of the Right to Be Forgotten in Civil Code by Li, MoFei (2023) - In this regard, based on the existing judicial and legislative practices, it is necessary to argue that the right to be forgotten is an independent form of right and to explore the legislative way forward for the right to be forgotten, to contribute to the effective protection of personality rights and personal information. The legislation related to personality rights in China should respond to the needs of people’s personality rights in the Internet era and introduce laws to some rights that have emerged with the development of the Internet. Keywords: data; information; law; personality; personality rights; protection; public; right
• A Brief Discussion of Contract Formation Judgment by Wang, Weiyuan (2023) - Abstract This article agrees that the parties and the unanimity of intent together constitute the elements of contract formation. In this paper, we try to sort out the elements of the main rule of contract formation - the rule of offer and promise, in order to clarify the path of judging contract formation. Keywords: contract; law; offer; parties; party; person
• Analyzing the Situation of Demanding Debts by Illegal Means with Identification Case Analysis Method by Li, YiLong (2022) - According to the nature of the debts, the crime of illegal detention by claim can be divided into claiming legitimate debts, claiming illegal debts, claiming debts in excess of the amount of the true creditor’s right, claiming non-existent debts, and claiming debts that are difficult to ascertain. Therefore, Zhang’s brief restraint of Wang X’s freedom did not constitute the objective elements of the crime of illegal detention. Keywords: crime; debt; detention; law; wang
• Platform Data Protection from the Competition Law Perspective Based on Specific Conduct and Data Types by Li, YiLong (2022) - Therefore, if a third party grabs a large amount of such public data without complying with the restrictions set up in the Robots Agreement, even if it does not use such data, it may still be improper because the data grabbing affects the business interests of others such as data security. Keywords competition law, platform data, legitimacy, data capture and use, public data 1. Keywords: competition; data; grabbing; law; platform; use

• To What Extent Is the Security Dilemma an Inescapable Feature of International Security? by Meng, Qingyi; Zhang, Haiyi (2023) - However, this view www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 6, No. 3, 2023 49 Published by SCHOLINK INC. underestimates the mistrust and uncertainty of cooperation between states in the security sphere; the specificity of security interests makes their logic quite different from that of economic interests, therefore the states attach less importance to recurring games in the security sphere; the difficulty of compensating for security interests in other secondary spheres; the low credibility of information provided on security-related issues in international mechanisms and the high degree of uncertainty about the mechanisms for redress of rights. Online Published: July 19, 2023 doi:10.22158/ape.v6n3p39 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v6n3p39 Abstract This essay attempts to explore to what extent the security dilemma is an inescapable feature of international security. Keywords: anarchy; constructivism; liberalism; politics; power; security; security dilemma; states
• Energy Crisis, Global Warming and Wildavsky’s Thesis by Lane, Jan-erik (2022) - Atomic energy power has always been contested, but after the Fukushima disaster energy policy started to shift away from reliance upon nuclear options, especially among OECD nations. The emphasis was upon the policy retreat in energy policy away from the nuclear option. Keywords: crisis; energy; policy; power; wildavsky

• The Gains and Losses of U.S. Central Asia Policy in the Context of Geopolitical Rivalry by Song, Jiachen (2025) - The Evolution of U.S. Central Asia Policy The adjustments in the U.S. strategy toward Central Asia have always been products of evolving international dynamics and shifts in national interests. This strategy of rejecting dominance by a single external actor has allowed Central Asia countries to leverage the asymmetric competition among major powers to create a regional balance of power that minimizes strategic risks and maximizes national interests. Keywords: afghanistan; asia; central; department; policy; region; russia; security; states; strategy; u.s; united

• The New Turkish Presidential System by Altinors, Mehmet Nur (2018) - The presidential candidates are nominated either by political parties receiving at least 5 % popular vote in the last election or by 100,000 citizen’s signed proposal. Introduction Democratic societies have long tried to restore the delicate balance between political stability and fair representation in order to find the most suitable political regime and election system for the country. Keywords: election; parliament; parties; president; system
• Relationalist View on the Dissolution of Former Yugoslavia and Emergent New States by Janev, Igor (2020) - It should be noted that in both the realist and liberalist doctrine of international political system the main actors are its units, the states, of whatever complexity they might be (individual states, federations, confederations, unions or other complex state entities). Introduction Main Current studies of international political relations generally follow two mainstream contending doctrines, the realism and liberalism, each of which is routed in the classical works of Thucidides, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Spinosa and Locke, Kant, Fichte, Rousseau, respectively. Keywords: bosnia; croatia; federal; hercegovina; independence; kosovo; new; politics; relations; republics; serbia; sfry; slovenia; states; system; units; yugoslavia
• Transferring Dematerialized Shares in Germany, Austria and in the United States of America by Baltov, Rosen Petkov (2021) - That rule had a substantial influence on the way in which investors held securities certificates in Germany and Austria. The legal doctrine, which provides the ground for securities in both jurisdictions, is based on the normative presumption that the special rules regulating securities transferring are applied because securities are tangible assets. Keywords: certificates; german; paper; securities; shares; system; transferring
• Has the UN and NGO Reform Of The Humanitarian System Sufficiently Addressed Its Principal Critiques Of The 1990s? by Mcbell Ninepence, Professor Albert (2021) - Accountability deficit, mainly downward accountability remain one of the key factors obstructing the NGO and UN humanitarian system from sufficiently addressing its principal critiques. States interest is therefore pertinent to enable humanitarian system to uphold the principles of state sovereignty (Chandler, 2009). Keywords: accountability; crisis; critiques; international; ngo; ngos; principles; response; system

• Empirical Research on the Impact of Open Fund Sheep Behavior on Stock Price Volatility by Yu, Chaoqun (2024) - Whether there is a causal connection, this paper will focus on the development of fund market, use LSV model and VAR test method to test and analyze the fund and stock trading data of Shanghai and Shenzhen from the first quarter of 2017 to the first quarter of 2022, and empirically study whether there is significant herd behavior in open-end funds. Irrational herd behavior is also common in stock markets, such as when market sentiment swings, some investors may tend to follow the market sentiment in similar investment strategies or actions. Keywords: behavior; end; fund; herd behavior; impact; investment; investors; market; open; price; stock; stock market; stock price
• Tourism Demand Forecast and Future Market Trend Research by Ke, Weichen (2024) - 2.2 Current Status of Tourism Market Trends Research Research on tourism market trends is an important approach to understanding and grasping the development trends of the tourism industry. Currently, the research on tourism market trends presents several aspects: Firstly, researchers analyze the trends of global and regional tourism markets to explore the development trends and potential growth points of the tourism market. Keywords: analysis; data; demand; forecasting; market; research; tourism; trends

• The Relationship between Age and Growth Rate of Wages and the Gender Wage Gap in the Financial Sector in China by Chen, Kexin (2023) - Keywords fixed effects model, wage growth rate, gender wage gap, women’s wage, Chinese financial sector 1. However, most of them are based on wage level and very few focus on wage growth rate. Keywords: data; gap; gender; growth; industry; model; rate; wage; wage growth; women; workers
• Irregular Migration and Terrorism in the European Union—An Analysis Based on Reports of EUROPOL and FRONTEX by Bartko, Dr. Robert, (2019) - Therefore, the primary relationship between irregular migration and terrorism can be proved with the fact that uncontrolled illegal migration makes difficult for the authorities to identify the perpetrators. Keywords irregular migration, terrorism, European Union, EUROPOL, FRONTEX 1. Keywords: data; european; migrants; migration; number; terrorism

• Turner’s Frontier Doctrine and Its Impact on American Politics by Jiang, Wenyu; Mao, Yixin (2022) - The Frontier Doctrine had a profound impact on American politicians and was shared by the American public, which in turn influenced the formulation and implementation of American political policy. Frontier doctrine and American foreign expansion policy. Keywords: american; frontier; frontier doctrine; history; states; turner; united; united states; west

• How Gender Ideology Affects the Public Attitude towards the Common Prosperity Policy? by Ouyang, Yueming (2023) - Gender income gap in rural informal micro-enterprises: an unconditional quantile decomposition approach in the handloom industry. Hypothesis 2: Gender ideology mediates the relationship between income level gap attitudes and some of the influencing factors that have been recognized by the academic community. Keywords: attitude; effect; gender; gender ideology; income; income gap; level; mediating; prosperity; public; social; variables
• Latvian Digital Diplomacy—Approaches and Policy by Savickis, Mr Silvestrs (2019) - Keywords digital diplomacy, social networks, e-government 1. Likewise, the MFA does not currently have a specific training program for the use of digital diplomacy and social networks, but the diplomats are instructed are trained by the specialists of the Communications Directorate in the framework of a routine training program, as part of the annual meetings of ambassadors and other diplomats and before the regular rotations of diplomats, or before their transfer to diplomatic missions abroad. Keywords: communication; diplomacy; factors; foreign; mfa; networks; public; service; use
• The Rising Far Right in Australia—A Diachronic Case Analysis of the One Nation Party and Australia’s Political Environment by Hongliang, Jiang (2025) - Therefore, the mass doubt and betrayal over the governance of left parties, along with the uprising of the far-right parties, first breaks out in Europe, which responded badly to the crises compared to Australia and America; however, in recent years, with the escalating spillover effect of the Pandemic and regional conflict, the maintenance of neo-liberalism’s glory is collapsing as well in Australia and America. They have no complex of neo-liberalism, nor do they have original preference over left or right; however, now that Generation Z have witnessed the malfunction of left parties, that they vote for the right becomes a natural course. Keywords: australia; europe; left; onp; parties; party; politics; public; radicalization; right; right parties; rwe; social

• Navigating Global Business: The Economic Strengths, Competitiveness, and Post-Brexit Challenges by zhang, Xiaoxu (2024) - Foreign investment and UK trade policy post-Brexit. UK Trade Arrangements after Brexit. Keywords: brexit; british; business; competitiveness; european; global; investment; trade

• Introduction to Academic Writing Course (MBBS) by HUSSAIN, SADAF AZFAAR; ENGLISH, LECTURER (2023) - For medical students, the purpose of an ESP course is to support them in there is academic work and future jobs. Statement of the problem: As a result of the English language barrier, medical students learning in an EFL environment have been seen to struggle with their medical schoolwork. Keywords: course; english; language; learning; medical; students; writing
• The Reform and Innovation of Combining College Student Management and Ideological and Political Education by Gong, Hong (2023) - The amalgamation of professional and ideological/political knowledge can be augmented by it, thus augmenting students’ understanding of ideology and politics, and ultimately augmenting the ideological awareness of college students. The imperfection of ideological and political education affects college students the most, and plays a great role in hindering the growth and psychological development of college students. Keywords: colleges; education; instruction; management; school; students; teaching; universities
• Research on the Influence of Online Public Opinion on College Students' Values in the Context of Artificial Intelligence by Yu, Hang (2024) - Most college students begin their truly independent lives after entering university, and the university stage is also a crucial period for shaping the values of college students. In the backdrop of the widespread adoption of generative AI, college students, being digital natives, have emerged as key players and disseminators in online public opinion. Keywords: college; opinion; students; values
• Utilizing Centennial Party History Resources to Promote the Innovative Development of College Students' Daily Ideological and Political Work Research by Yan, Li (2025) - 3.3 Optimize the Way of Education and Enhance the Students' Subjective Self-consciousness in Learning Centennial Party History Resources Promoting the learning of centennial Party history resources is a systematic work, and the learning of Party history resources should respect its own characteristics. Making full use of the ideological and political education value of Party history resources, college students are led to deeply understand and absorb the Party's spirit of hard struggle, so as to strengthen their ideals and beliefs. Keywords: centennial party; college; college students; education; history resources; party history; students; years

• Vote-Buying and Democratic Governance in Nigeria by CHRISTOPHER, FIEMOTONGHA; OGBOTUBO, LOVE GOD S.; GESIYE, IFIDI E. (2022) - http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n2p81 Abstract This work is an analysis of “Vote Buying and Democracy in Nigeria”. Vote buying has not only distorted democracy but has come with many negative effects on governance in Nigeria. Keywords: buying; democracy; democratic; election; electoral; governance; nigeria; vote

• The Situation in The Middle East from the Perspective of Prospect Theory: “Hedging” or “Speculating” by Tang, Hanyi (2024) - www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 7, No. 2, 2024 31 Published by SCHOLINK INC. 2.1.2 Applicability of Prospect Theory in International Relations and Foreign Policy Analysis The applicability of Prospect Theory in the fields of international relations and foreign policy analysis is manifested in its provision of a unique perspective for understanding state behavior, especially in revealing how states make decisions when faced with potential international risks and rewards. These actions aim to reduce security risks, maintain national stability, avoid unnecessary problems, ensure the country’s sustainable development and international status, and secure long-term survival. Keywords: behavior; decision; east; hamas; making; middle; peace; prospect; situation; theory
• Keynes Never Assumed at Any Time in His Life… That All Statements or Proposition Stand in Logical Relation to each other (Misak, 2020, p. 114) by Brady, Michael Emmett (2022) - “First, he thinks that between any two non-self-contradictory propositions there holds a probability relation (Axiom I), for example between “My carpet is blue” and “Napoleon was a great general”; it is easily seen that it leads to contradictions to assign the probability 1/2 to such cases, and Mr. Keynes would conclude that the probability is not numerical. Method-The Logical examination of Ramsey’s Claims in 1926 Consider the following: “Mr. Keynes starts from the supposition that we make probable inferences for which we claim objective validity; we proceed from full belief in one proposition to partial belief in another, and we claim that this procedure is objectively right, so that if another man in similar circumstances entertained a different degree of belief, he would be wrong in doing so. Keywords: keynes; logic; probability; propositions; ramsey; relation; theory
• Contrary to T. Hirai, Ramsey’s Critiques of Keynes in 1922 and 1926 Were Completely Wrong by Emmett Brady, Michael (2023) - Discussion II: Hirai’s Mistaken Reliance on Ramsey for His Understanding of the Foundations of Keynes’s Logical Theory of Probability Consider the following claims made by Ramsey that is the foundation for Hirai’s 2021 work on Keynes’s logical theory of probability in the Review of Keynesian Studies: see “Mr. Keynes starts from the supposition that we make probable inferences for which we claim objective validity; we proceed from full belief in one proposition to partial belief in another, and we claim that this procedure is objectively right, so that if another man in similar circumstances entertained a different degree of belief, he would be wrong in doing so. Mr. Keynes accounts for this by supposing that between any two propositions, taken as premiss and conclusion, there holds one and only one relation of a certain sort called probability relations; and that if, in any given case, the relation is that of degree α, from full belief in the premiss, we should, if we were rational, proceed to a belief of degree α in the conclusion.” Keywords: brady; hirai; keynes; logic; probability; ramsey; relation; theory

• Are Women Willing to Delay Their Retirement? A Research on 270 Female Teachers in Inner Mongolia of China by Huang, Cui; Jiang, Ying; Yun, Duo (2020) - This paper explores female delayed retirement intention by selecting the group of female teachers which is an important category of professional women in China. The results show that the health, children, monthly income, cumulative length of working, professional title and work units have a statistically significant impact on female teachers’ delayed retirement intention. Keywords: age; delay; factors; female; intention; retirement; teachers; women
• Cultural Devaluation of Women in the Nigerian Society up to 2010: An examination of the “I Mbya Jin I” Institution among the Jukun Wapan in Wukari Area of Taraba State by Tenong, Francis, John; Atoshi, Hannatu (2023) - 3. Result 3.1 Key Debates on the Devaluation of Women in the Nigerian Society Religion and culture emerged to have dictated gender relations over the years, and so, the devaluation of women in the society has been associated to religion and culture. Vol. 6, No. 3, 2023 www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape 62 Original Paper Cultural Devaluation of Women in the Nigerian Society up to 2010: An examination of the “I Mbya Jin I” Institution among the Jukun Wapan in Wukari Area of Taraba State Francis, John Tenong 1 & Hannatu Atoshi 1 1 Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria Received: June 22, 2023 Keywords: culture; institutions; jin; jukun; man; mbya; practices; society; wapan; women; wukari

• Dilemma and Breakthrough: Review on Substitution Analysis of the Definition of Relevant Markets and Platforms—From the Perspective of Guideline on Anti-Trust Platform Economy by the Anti-Trust Committee of the State Council by Xia, Yijing (2022) - Other than stipulating the purposes and principles of antitrust in platform economy, Guideline of Platform Antitrust also explains the methods of definition of relevant commodity markets and regional markets, and places emphasis on the necessity and importance of adhering to individual case analysis, as well as the role of relevant market definition in various cases. For Internet platforms, defining relevant commodity markets is the key. Keywords: analysis; definition; economy; markets; platform; substitution

• A Study of the Condition of Dalit in Contemporary by Gong, Xvyue (2024) - At the same time, BDERM is also a member of IDSN and ADRF, and the organization's leaders have been active in uniting international forces to promote the protection of Dalit rights and interests. The IDSN, which aims to advocate for Dalit human rights and raise national and international awareness of Dalit issues, is a network of international human rights groups, development agencies, the European National Dalit Solidarity Network (ENDSN), and national platforms in caste-affected countries. Keywords: bangladesh; caste; dalit; discrimination; human; national; rights; society

• KENOTOMY, Creativity Face to Face with Artificial Intelligence by Teodorescu, George (2019) - Kenotomy builds up creative minds, whatever the major of the students might be. The logic driven adaptability Consequent ideation on paradigmatic, pragmatic logic and axiological levels So far extend the skills of Artificial General Intelligence, AGI, too, impersonating the scope of human cognitive functions, which are related to logic and raising the concern of inequitable competition by artificial platforms based intelligence. Keywords: agi; creativity; human; ideas; intelligence; kenotomy; logic; mankind; thinking

• An Empirical Study on Information Seeking Anxiety and Influence Factors of the Chinese Residents by Li, Chao (2024) - “Information anxiety” is a term first proposed by Wurman (1989) in his book “Information Anxiety”. Wurman defined information anxiety as “a black hole between data and knowledge”. Keywords: ability; anxiety; information; level; retrieval; scale; test
• On Analyzing the Linguistic Features of English Financial Reports by Ren, XueTing (2024) - By systematically comparing the linguistic characteristics of English financial reports with those of other news genres, this dissertation aims to provide readers with a basis for in-depth understanding of English financial reports, and then provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the future development of the field of financial information dissemination and news reporting practice. Purpose of the Study 1.1 Background and Significance The analysis of linguistic features of English financial reports is rooted in its important role and specificity in contemporary economy and society. Keywords: english; information; language; readers; reports; use

• Research on Enterprise Strategy Based on Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Model—Taking Dick Smith as an example by YUSHAN, CHEN (2023) - Dick Smith brand to be resurrected by Ruslan Kogan. McGrathNicol releases Dick Smith report. Keywords: dick; dick smith; environment; industry; inventory; products; retail; smith; strategies
• On Forms of Infringement and Protection of Short Video Advertising by Li, YuTong (2022) - Short video platform plays an indispensable role in short videos with different creation types and release channels, platform service is still the basic service www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 5, No. 3, 2022 146 Published by SCHOLINK INC. of short video platform, and has the function of information space storage. For short video platforms, their responsibilities are mainly as follows: (1) The imputation principle of short video platform. Keywords: advertising; content; copyright; industry; infringement; platform; users; video; video advertising

• Analysis of Problems and Countermeasures Regarding the Capitalization of R&D Expenditures from an ESG Perspective by Yang, Guitong (2025) - Analysis of Problems Regarding the Capitalization of R&D Expenditures from an ESG Perspective 2.1 Environmental Perspective From an environmental perspective, traditional capitalization methods for R&D expenditures often emphasize the economic value of technological achievements while overlooking the underlying environmental costs and risks (Liu, 2025). Vol. 8, No. 1, 2025 www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape 147 Original Paper Analysis of Problems and Countermeasures Regarding the Capitalization of R&D Expenditures from an ESG Perspective Guitong Yang1 1 Business School, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China guitong_yang@126.com Received: August 29, 2025 Accepted: October 27, 2025 Online Published: November 24, 2025 doi:10.22158/ape.v8n1p147 URL: Keywords: accounting; capitalization; costs; enterprises; esg; expenditures; governance; r&d

• Participation and Inequality by Ph.D., Peter Bearse, (2019) - Altogether, these influences imply that community context has an affect on social PPP greater than that on individual PPP. There is likely to be greater political diversity among high C-Inequality areas but social PPP may well be less. Keywords: individuals; inequality; ppp; status

• The Dispute and Countermeasure of Workers' Off-line Right in the Digital Age by Guo, Boning; Chen, Haozhe (2024) - This article delves into the debate surrounding offline rights of workers in the digital era and proposes effective solutions. This study aims to explore the controversy and strategies surrounding offline rights of workers in the digital age, in order to provide theoretical support and practical www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 7, No. 2, 2024 Published by SCHOLINK INC. 168 guidance for safeguarding workers' legitimate rights and promoting work-life balance. Keywords: age; disconnect; hours; labor; offline; rest; right; workers; working

• Announcement of Retraction by Petty, Wanda (2022) - WU Hao Journal Title: Advances in Politics and Economics ISSN 2576-1382 (Print) ISSN 2576-1390 (Online) Volume and Number: Vol. 5, No. 3, 2022 Pages: 124-140 DOI: ttp://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n3p124 If you have any further question, please contact us at: ape@scholink.org Article Title: Research on the Management Models of Marine Protected Areas beyond National Jurisdiction from the Perspective of Law and Economics Author/s: Keywords: article

• Literature Review of Research on Biharis Issue by Du, YingYing (2024) - Due to historical and practical considerations, more and more scholars have devoted themselves to the study of Biharis issues in Bangladesh. www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 7, No. 2, 2024 Published by SCHOLINK INC. 198 Enter the 21st century, with the deepening of China's engagement with Bangladesh, Chinese schoolers have paid more attention to the Bihar issue, studying Biharis issue in the framework of Bangladesh-Pakistan relations and the politic situation of the two countries. Keywords: bangladesh; biharis; india; issue; pakistan; repatriation; research; south

• The Problem of Installing Elevator in Old Residence and Its Solution by Li, YiLong (2022) - 3.1 The New Rule of “Double Majority Vote” Is Adopted and the Interested Owners Are Granted the “Veto Right” Simultaneously If the resolution to install an elevator causes special impact on the proper exercise of exclusive rights by a minority of owners or infringes upon the legitimate rights of a minority of owners, it shall be specially agreed by such owners. During the early implementation of the Real Right Law, pursuant to Article 76 of the Real Right Law, most cities set the property owners’ voting proportion at “double two-thirds”, i.e., the property owners with exclusive areas accounting for more than two-thirds of the total gross floor area of the buildings and more than two-thirds of the total number of property owners must be subject to the approval of the property owners. Keywords: elevator; installation; minority; owners; property; rights

• An Analysis of the Feasibility of Artificial Intelligence to Replace Lawyers by Wang, Weiyuan (2023) - Furthermore, if legal AI makes mistakes or errors in legal services, who should be held responsible for the faults? Some developers have already created legal artificial intelligence and put it into the market, including IBM’s personal intelligent lawyer ROSS, robot lawyer DoNotPay, and China’s “Law Dog” computer system. Keywords: artificial; chatgpt; clients; intelligence; language; lawyers; services; work

• Exploring the Determination of the Amount of Bribe Accepted in Equity-Based Bribery Cases by Qing, Sun (2023) - Where a state official uses the convenience of his or her position to seek benefits for a requestor and accepts dry shares from the requestor, he or she shall be punished as a passive bribe; where the registration of the transfer of shares has been carried out, or where the relevant evidence proves that the shares have been transferred, the amount of the passive bribe shall be calculated on the basis of the value of the shares at the time of the act of transfer, and the dividends shall be treated as the fruits and yields of the passive bribe; where the shares have not been transferred and the benefits have been obtained in the name of dividends on the shares, the amount of actual profit shall be deemed to be the amount of passive bribe. The necessity of the real existence of the value of shares should be distinguished according to different scenarios, and that the real existence of the value of dry shares must to a certain extent confuse the difference between dry shares and real shares, as well as the nature of the dry-share bribery crime. Keywords: bribe; bribery; capital; company; dividends; shares; value

• Article Review: Impact of Kissan Credit Cards on the Socio-Economic Life of People in Jammu and Kashmir (2017) byNasir Ahmad Ganaie and Ramdas Rupavath by Shamim, Yawar; Ganaie, Nasir Ahmad (2020) - The authors argued that all the inescapable needs of the farmers were fulfilled by this centrally subsidized scheme which was brought there in collaboration with the highest private lending bank of Jammu and Kashmir which is officially called as Jammu and Kashmir Bank. The voters blindly voted for them in huge numbers and with this tool of propaganda they retained most of the seats in Kashmir region” (Ganaie, 2016). Keywords: credit; ganaie; jammu; kashmir

• Reflection of Aesthetic in the Idea of Saint Aurelius Augustinus by UNLU, Muhammet Mustafa (2023) - In St. Augustinus’ philosophical understanding, as man imitates “God”, he acquires the knowledge of beautiful, good, pleasant, happiness, love, etc., concepts. St. Augustinus’ aim is to reach perfection based on the movement from the part to the whole in order to achieve the ideal form. Keywords: art; augustinus; beauty; form; god; philosophy; version

• Research on Cohen’s Marxist View of Equality by Yuan, Ze (2023) - At the same time, Cohen turned from the early defense of Marx’s historical materialism to the study of equality, expanded the new horizon of Marxist analysis, opened up a new field of Marxist equality thought, and deepened the study of Western Marxist equality theory. Cohen constructed an ideal blueprint of socialist equality to realize social equality, and conceived a social community under which all members of society have a certain sense of justice, everyone can choose voluntarily, and members of society have a certain sense of caring for each other. Keywords: cohen; equality; marxist; ownership; view

• Dilemma and Analysis of Installing Elevators in Old Residential Buildings under the “One-vote Veto System” by Li, YiLong (2022) - There are regulations on the voting consent ratio of property owners for elevator installation in old residential areas in ten provincial capital cities (or centrally-administered municipalities) including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Tianjin, Nanning, Nanchang, www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape Advances in Politics and Economics Vol. 5, No. 3, 2022 76 Published by SCHOLINK INC. Changsha, Lanzhou and Xining. In response to the predicament of elevator installation caused by the “veto power”, in recent years, the voting consent ratio has been changed in most areas, from the original one hundred percent voting ratio to “double two-thirds”. Keywords: elevators; installation; owners; veto; vote

• The Reckless Mind: Intellectuals in Politics, by Mark Lilla by Silveira, José R. F. (2019) - Lilla acknowledges that political thought in the West today lacks adequate concepts and even a proper terminology to describe the world we live in now. He says that “ever since the end of World War II, and perhaps since the Russian Revolution, political thought has seemed so shallow, so aimless” (Lilla, 2017, p. 189). Keywords: intellectuals; lilla; mind

• Announcement of Retraction by Petty, Wanda (2023) - Author/s: Shahriar Jalili Journal Title: Advances in Politics and Economics ISSN: ISSN 2576-1382 (Print) ISSN 2576-1390 (Online) If you have any further question, please contact us at: ape@scholink.org Article Title: Integration of E-Portfolio into an Iranian Flipped Classroom: Does the Flip Type Make a Difference in Listening Comprehension? Keywords: issn

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-23