





































Advances in Politics and Economics 

ISSN 2576-1382 (Print) ISSN 2576-1390 (Online) 

Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape 

9 
 

Original Paper 

Digitization of Macro-Logistics Systems in Ukraine 

Valerii Osetskyi1, Yurii Umantsiv2, Viktoriia Klymenko3, Ganna Lozova1 & Elvira Yeshchenko3 

1 Department of Economics, Macro- and Microeconomics, Taras Shevchenko National University of 

Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine 

2 Department of Economics and Competition Policy, State University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, 

Ukraine 

3 Aviation Works and Services Department, National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine 

 

Received: October 23, 2023    Accepted: December 19, 2023   Online Published: January 02, 2024 

doi:10.22158/ape.v7n1p9        URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v7n1p9 

 

Abstract 

This article delves into the multifaceted realm of digitizing macrologistical systems, scrutinizing their 

nature, influencing factors, and emerging trends. It intricately explores how the integration of digital 

technologies empowers transport enterprises to deliver superior logistics services while concurrently 

curtailing costs. A comparative analysis meticulously dissects various facets of the macrologistical 

system, elucidating the interplay and correlation of its elements within the realms of commodity-money 

and contractual relationships. The study accentuates the pivotal role of the macro-logistics system in 

supply chain management. 

In scrutinizing Ukraine’s Logistics Performance Index scores vis-à-vis EU countries, the authors 

attribute the disparity to the enduring conflict. A notable European logistics market trend is identified: a 

surge in digitization investments by individual companies and the establishment of cohesive online 

platforms. The paper advocates for the integration of automation in transport logistics, particularly in 

the backdrop of a wartime economy. 

European standards for a contemporary transport management system are analyzed, culminating in the 

selection of the CargoClix logistics platform. The article expounds on the platform’s merits in adeptly 

digitizing the operations of transport and logistics enterprises, offering real-time tracking crucial for 

prompt responses amid wartime exigencies. 

The article concludes by substantiating findings with pertinent diagrams and tables. In essence, the 

digitization of macrologistical systems entails a holistic amalgamation of digital technologies, data 

analytics, and decision-making solutions for information management in logistics and supply chain 

operations. This transformative journey, leveraging technologies such as the Internet of Things, 

unmanned technologies, identification technologies, blockchain, big data, robotic systems, artificial 



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intelligence, and neural networks, aspires to amplify efficiency, visibility, and coordination throughout 

the supply chain. This paradigm shift is pivotal for evaluating the efficacy of transport and logistics 

companies, determining their competitive stance in today’s market. Future research trajectories 

encompass formulating strategies for national companies operating in the domestic logistics market, 

identifying and implementing key competitive advantages, and devising measures and tools to ensure 

efficiency during wartime. 

Keywords 

macro-logistics systems, transport, costs, digitalization 

 

1. Introduction into Macro-Logistics Systems 

In the conditions of Ukraine’s wartime economy, fundamental changes have occurred in the logistics 

system for international communication and freight transportation. Currently, the primary burden in 

freight transportation falls on road transport. This has led to frequent traffic jams at Ukraine’s borders, 

with drivers forced to wait for hours or even days in queues at border checkpoints. The situation is 

further exacerbated by occasional border blockades initiated by Polish carriers. According to official 

data, the flow of freight transport across the Polish-Ukrainian border decreased tenfold in the autumn of 

2023. The blockade adversely affects both Ukrainian and EU businesses. Transportation delays at the 

border result in disrupted supply contracts and a sharp increase in costs. Therefore, the issue of cost 

reduction becomes increasingly relevant, allowing all participants in the macro-logistics system – 

manufacturing enterprises, transportation companies, and warehouse intermediaries – to survive. 

Reducing costs will allow the enterprise providing transport services not only to lose existing 

customers, but also to attract new ones, which will ultimately ensure the survival of the enterprise itself. 

Providing high-quality logistics services at lower costs is possible due to the introduction of digital 

technologies. As experience shows, the economic effect of digital transformation in logistics is quite 

tangible. 

Therefore, the study of problems and prospects of digitalization of logistics is relevant both from the 

point of view of economic theory and business practice. Studies of various aspects of macro-logistics 

systems are presented in the publications of both domestic and foreign scholars. In particular, S. 

Bestuzheva and S. Ohienko investigate the nature and features of the macrologistic system (Bestuzheva, 

Ohienko, 2023, p. 16). 

The work of L.Gurch is devoted to the problems of designing logistic transport systems. Special 

attention is focused on the fact that when designing a macro-logistics system, it is necessary to ensure 

the mutual agreement of the interests of each participant, regardless of the role in the created system, as 

well as to maintain a balance between costs and the quality of services (Gurch, 2022, p. 143). 

O. Garafonova, D. Kozlovskyi, V. Sharov, I. Dvornyk in their work analyze various aspects of the 

functioning of international logistics systems, emphasize the need for their rationalization through cost 

optimization (Garafonova, Kozlovskyi, & Sharov, 2022). 



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Тhe article of J. Domagała is devoted to the representing of the elements of the macro-logistics system 

(transport networks, systems of product distribution, infrastructure connected with the flow of 

information and systems for the management and treatment of waste) as factors in the development of 

the Polish economy (Domagała, 2020, p. 35). She underlines the importance of macrologistics on 

today’s market results from the view point of trends appearing in modern action strategies oriented at 

the management of entire supply chains and the growing role of time.  

Jan H. Havenga conducted a review of macrologistics, followed by a discussion on macrologistics 

instrumentation, which is twofold: a freight-flow model and a related logistics costs model (Havenga, 

2018). V. Humeniuk and other authors analyze the impact of the global pandemic on the functioning of 

the business sector of the countries of the European Union (Humeniuk, Umantsiv, Dligach, Ivanova, & 

Umantsiv, 2021, p. 330).  

O. Garafonova, D. Kozlovskyi, V. Sharov, I. Dvornyk analyse the macrologistic system as a large 

material flow management system that includes enterprises and industrial organizations, intermediary, 

trade and transport organizations of various departments. Interrelationships of elements of the 

macro-logistics system are built taking into account commodity-monetary and contractual relations. 

The development of macro-logistics takes place under the influence of the regionalization, which is 

manifested both at the level of individual countries and on an international scale. The formation of 

numerous integration links among the regions of the country, as well as with foreign countries, 

necessitates the material and technical management of numerous interregional material, as well as 

accompanying financial and informational flows (Garafonova, Kozlovskyi, & Sharov, 2022). 

According to L. Gurch, the macro-logistics system is a highly integrated infrastructure of the economy 

of a region, country or group of countries (Gurch, 2022, p. 143). S. Bestuzheva, S. Ohienko define the 

macro-logistics system as a set of logistic processes within the national economy (Bestuzheva & 

Ohienko, 2023). 

Macro-logistics includes global economic processes studied on the level of the whole country, industry, 

region, or international organization. Macro-logistics systems consist of the following elements: 

1) transport and freight networks – road network, rail network, auxiliary infrastructure, etc.; 

2) product distribution systems – logistics centres, container terminals, handling ports, etc.;  

3) infrastructure connected with the flow of information accompanying physical flows in supply chains 

– IT networks and databases concerning all areas connected with logistics in various sectors and trades; 

4) systems for the management and treatment of waste – installations for storage, recovery and 

neutralization and/or incineration of waste; solutions allowing technological mergers of enterprises, etc. 

(Domagała, 2020, p. 40). 

So, in general, the macrologistic system can be defined as an integrated system of managing material, 

financial and information flows, the participants of which are not restricted in the territorial location 

and are represented by the enterprises, institutions and organizations of various spheres of the economy 

and forms of ownership. 



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According to the World Bank data on 2023 Logistics Performance Іndex (LPI) Ukraine has Grouped 

Rank 79 with Score 2.7: 

–  Customs Score – 2.4; 

–  Infrastructure Score – 2.4; 

–  International Shipments Score – 2.8; 

–  Logistics Competence and Quality Score – 2.6; 

–  Timeliness Score – 3.1 (Logistics Performance Index, 2023). 

The LPI is an interactive benchmarking tool created to help countries identify the challenges and 

opportunities they face in their performance on trade logistics and what they can do to improve their 

performance. Analysis of 2023 LPI shows that Ukraine has lower scores comparing with countries of 

EU in which the score is in the range from 3.2 for Romania to 4.2 for Finland.  

 

2. Digitization of Macro-Logistics Systems 

It should be mentioned that one of the leading tendencies in European logistics is steady investment in 

digitalizing the organization of companies (Sichkarenko, 2019). The digitization of macro-logistics 

systems refers to the process of incorporating digital technologies, data analytics, and information 

management solutions into the broader logistics and supply chain operations on a large scale. Digital 

technologies used in logistics include: Internet of Things, self-driving cars, identification technologies, 

blockchain, big data, paperless technologies, drones (unmanned aerial vehicles), robotic systems, 

artificial intelligence and neural networks. This transformation aims to enhance efficiency, visibility, 

and coordination across various elements of the supply chain, including production, transportation, and 

distribution (Table 1). 

 

Table 1. Key Aspects of the Digitization of Macro-Logistics Systems 

№ Key aspects Сharacteristic 

1 Automation The use of automated systems and robotics to streamline and optimize tasks 

traditionally performed by humans, such as order fulfillment, inventory 

management, and material handling 

2 Data Analytics Leveraging advanced analytics and big data techniques to gather, analyze, 

and derive insights from vast amounts of data generated throughout the 

supply chain. This enables informed decision-making, demand forecasting, 

and performance optimization 

3 IoT Integration Incorporating the Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors into physical 

assets, allowing real-time monitoring and tracking of goods, equipment, and 

vehicles. This enhances visibility and provides valuable data for improving 

overall efficiency 



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4 Cloud Computing Utilizing cloud-based platforms for storing, accessing, and sharing data. 

Cloud computing facilitates collaboration among various stakeholders in the 

supply chain and supports scalable and flexible operations 

5 Blockchain 

Technology 

Implementing blockchain for secure and transparent record-keeping. 

Blockchain can enhance traceability, reduce fraud, and establish trust 

among participants in the supply chain. 

6 Digital Twins Creating digital replicas of physical assets, processes, or systems. This 

allows for simulation, analysis, and optimization of logistics processes in a 

virtual environment before implementation in the physical world 

7 Artificial 

Intelligence (AI) 

Applying AI algorithms to improve decision-making, predictive analytics, 

and anomaly detection within the logistics system. AI contributes to 

optimizing routes, managing inventory, and predicting maintenance needs 

8 E-commerce 

Integration 

Adapting logistics systems to meet the challenges posed by the rise of 

e-commerce, including last-mile delivery optimization, order fulfillment 

speed, and customer experience enhancement 

Source: developed by the authors. 

 

Thus, the port of Rotterdam is being transformed into a single digital space with the help of Internet of 

Things technology. In the port, “digital dolphins” are installed - intelligent sensors that support traffic 

flows, including cargo transportation. “Dolphins” are capable of self-learning, their basis is neural 

networks.  

The introduction of robotic systems is justified in road and rail transport for routine work at 

maintenance stations. Automation of transport logistics includes the use of vehicle management 

assistance systems and Transport Management System (TMS) software. Automated driver assistance 

systems for driving the truck are represented by adaptive cruise control and the function of driving 

assistance within the lane. Full automation also includes environmental monitoring and detection of 

special driving conditions. Modern TMS meet the following requirements: 

- form realistic routes that can be followed by drivers and allow to change routes in real time according 

to changes in road conditions; 

- display the time of vehicle arrival at each destination; 

- allow you to automatically monitor drivers on routes (truck location, engine performance indicators, 

truck mileage, etc.); 

- calculate the efficiency of the vehicle fleet that will be used in the transportation process (when 

forming the order, indicate the size of the order, the volume and weight characteristics of the cargo, the 

carrying capacity and the volume of the truck body that will be submitted for loading) (Osetskyi, 

Klymenko, Lozova, & Umantsiv, 2023). 

Blockchain technologies are used to document logistics operations in transport, conclude contracts and 



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execute multilateral agreements (for example, in multimodal transportation, interaction between the 

owner of the cargo and the carrier and forwarder at all stages of the transportation process is ensured), 

tracking of cargo and registration of its quality (in particular, for food products delivery conditions 

(humidity, temperature) are registered, and there is also the possibility of their adjustment during 

transportation), real-time display of goods shipment operations, financial support of the transportation 

process. 

Drones are still used for monitoring sections of highways and railway tracks, aerial photography, 

constant monitoring and escorting of cargo. However, in the future, drones can become a new mode of 

transport for carriage of passengers and cargo (Sichkarenko, 2019). 

 

3. Optimization of Logistics Processes Using Cargoclix Platform 

Let’s consider how the introduction of digital logistics platform allows us to optimize time and costs. 

As soon as drivers arrive at the facility, they have some specific time to unload or reload their cargo. 

Downtime caused by uncertain work schedules results in paying fines, it also requires additional time 

for dispute resolution. In order to avoid or at least reduce the number of such issues at the warehouse 

time slot management systems can be used both by carriers and shippers (GoRamp, 2022). 

Cargoclix is a logistics platform that creates products aimed to optimize logistics processes. It produces 

software for transport and logistics and has been consistently focusing on the latest technologies and 

innovative concepts since 1998. The products are modular and can be used individually or in 

combination. The products are available to all users in the cloud online (Cargoclix, 2022). 

One of the most successful product of the platform is Cargoclix SLOT. It is the time slot management 

system that optimizes processes and personnel deployment at the ramp and prevents waiting times and 

workload peaks at loading and unloading points (SLOT, Official website of Cargoclix, 2022). 

The advantages of usage of Cargoclix SLOT are identified in the Figure 1. 

 

 

Figure 1. Advantages of Cargoclix SLOT 



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Source: developed by the authors based on information (SLOT, Official website of Cargoclix, 2022) 

 

In the Figure 2 interface of the system Cargoclix SLOT is depicted. Considering interface of the system, 

it is possible to state that is simple and should be easily perceived by the employees of Trans-Logistics. 

Dark gray fields mean that the ramp cannot be booked (it is closed); diagonal gray striped fields mean 

that rapms are booked by other customers; white fields mean that the ramp is available to be booked. 

 

 

Figure 2. Interface of the System Cargoclix SLOT 

Source: developed by the authors based on information (Manual for the use of time slot management 

system “Cargoclix” at Marquardt Logistic GMBH, 2022). 

 

After choosing the ramp and time you need to enter all the load and truck details. They include: 

1) Order number 

2) Name of the carrier 

3) Mobile phone 

4) Vehicle type 

5) Truck plate 

6) Number of pallets 

7) Other notes 

After you enter all the above mentioned details a PDF file is created that the carrier can print out. The 

file contains all data of the booking, including the booking ID (Figure 3). 

 



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Figure 3. Timeslot Booking Confirmation 

Source: developed by the authors based on information (Manual for the use of time slot management 

system “Cargoclix” at Marquardt Logistic GMBH, 2022). 

 

Cargoclix SLOT also provides truck drivers with real-time information on current restrictions on 

warehouses and other facilities they are rolling to. This feature was especially useful in the period of 

rapid spread of COVID-19 for truckers who travel long distances between different regions and 

countries and may not be aware of all the changes in quarantine restrictions associated with the 

pandemic. Thus, when the driver arrives at the place of the pick-up or delivery, he is already informed 

about how to behave and what documents (test results, vaccination certificate, etc.) to provide. That is, 

the driver knows whether to move from the logistics center from right to left or vice versa, where not to 

go, where to wear a mask, where to show a certificate, if necessary, and so on. The system also allows 

you to book the time and place of unloading / loading but not to stand in line. 

During hostilities throughout the territory of Ukraine this SLOT’s tool can be very useful as well. At 

the security point, shipper or receiver can require 1-2 forms of government ID in order to check the 

identity of the driver. This information can be also mentioned in the application to inform the driver in 

advance. Moreover, a lot of facilities has changed its working hours or work unstable because of the 



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military actions. SLOT helps to avoid the situation when the driver arrives at the location but there is 

no one to load or unload the truck, so it will save a lot of time and money. The necessary information 

“from each ramp” can be sent in real time with one click to all interested parties. 

There is also a lot of other time slot management systems available to use now. All of them are offering 

approximately the same range of services with slight deviations. The most popular are Time Slot 

Booking by Transporeon, Cargoclix SLOT, Time Slot Management by SPOT, Alpega TMS, GoRamp. 

The majority of this systems are free for carriers and paid by the shipper. Price per slot are given in 

Figure 4.  

 

1,6

0,5

0,75
0,6

1

Time Slot

Booking by

Transporeon

Cargoclix

SLOT

Time Slot

Management by

SPOT

Alpega TMS GoRamp

 

Figure 4. Price of Usage Time Slot Management Systems per Slot Booked, Euro  

Source: developed by the authors based on research. 

 

As we can see, Cargoclix SLOT provides one of the lowest rates (0.50 Euro per booking). This charge 

can be paid either by shipper or by carrier. Cargoclix SLOT is widely used in many European countries 

and should be useful for Trans-Logistics. 

In order to make some conclusions and measure effectiveness of implementation SLOT system we can 

make analysis of duration of loading or unloading at a time of using and not using of the system. The 

pickup process usually is longer and more complex, many delays arise at this stage of transportation 

process. Therefore it is more reasonable to investigate how it can be impacted by the innovation. All the 

regular operations during the pickup of goods and its duration are represented in Table 2. 

 

Table 2. Duration of the Operations at the Process of Pickup Using Cargoclix SLOT and without 

It 

Operation Duration of the operation, 

min 

Duration of operation using 

Cargoclix SLOT, min 



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The way of the driver to the control room, 

to receive the documents and instructions 

where to follow next  

2 2 

Time needed for the shipper to find the 

load in the system, check its status and 

prepare all required paperwork  

10 2 

Assignment of the loading ramp 1 0 

The way of the driver to the truck and 

entrance to the loading yard 

5 5 

Waiting for your turn to get loaded 0-90 0 

Setting the truck at the loading ramp, 

preparing ramp capacities (staff, forklift 

trucks, etc.) 

3-18 3 

Loading the truck 15-60 15-60 

Inspection of the pallets/containers/boxes, 

comparison of their numbers and seals 

with the data in the documents 

3 3 

Departure of the truck from the cargo front 

and the driver’s passage to the control 

room 

5 5 

Registration of documents on acceptance 

of the load 

10 10 

             Total duration 54-204 45-90 

Source: developed by the authors based on research. 

 

As we can see such operations as the way of the driver to the control room, to receive the documents 

and instructions where to follow next, the way of the driver to the truck and entrance to the loading 

yard, inspection of the load, its compliance to the documents, departure of the truck from the cargo 

front and the driver’s passage to the control room and registration of documents on acceptance of the 

load take the same time both in case when you are not using any time slot management application and 

when you are using Cargoclix SLOT. However, there is a difference in time during other processes. 

 First of all, time needed for the shipper to find the load in the system, check its status and prepare all 

required paperwork for the driver is reduced in average by 8 minutes. When reserving a time for 

loading or unloading the carrier can mention a reference or pickup number for the load they are going 

to carry. At the shipper’s system this information is displayed so if you have booked a timeslot for 

example for 9 am, the shipper would know that they need to prepare all the paperwork and load upon 

the truck’s arrival, so it will take the minimum amount of time. 



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Even in case when the load is not ready for some reason, due to some emergency for example, the 

driver should not check each 15 minutes on it until the truck could get loaded. Instead, he can get a 

notification in the application once the load is ready and he can follow to a loading ramp. When using 

Cargoclix SLOT application the loading ramp is assigned automatically while booking a timeslot so 

there is no time spent at the facility.  

There is an impressive time difference in waiting for your turn to get loaded. If the carrier is using 

Cargoclix SLOT once the driver has all required documents, he can just roll to the assigned loading 

ramp. Otherwise, the driver will need to wait until the ramp is available. Certainly, the driver can arrive 

in the period of time when there is no line and correspondingly no waiting time at this stage. However, 

if we have pickup or delivery at 8-10 am or any other rush hour, most probably the driver will need to 

wait for another hour or two, especially if it is large facility with a lot of orders. The same goes for 

equipment needed to load or unload the truck, such as a forklift, pallet jack, cart, etc. Sometimes the 

driver needs to wait for it if it is not available at the moment of loading. In the Figure 5 comparison of 

the Duration of the operations at the process of pickup using Cargoclix SLOT and without it is 

depicted. 



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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Usual duration of the operation, min

Duration of operation using Cargoclix SLOT, min

The way of the driver to the control room, to receive the documents and instructions where to follow next

Time needed for the shipper to find the load in the system, check its status and prepare all required

paperwork

Assignment of the loading ramp

The way of the driver to the truck and entrance to the loading yard

Waiting for your turn to get loaded

Setting the truck at the loading ramp, preparing ramp capacities (staff, forklift trucks, etc.)

Loading the truck

Inspection of the pallets/containers/boxes, comparison of their numbers and seals with the data in the

documents2

Figure 5. Comparison of the Duration of the Operations at the Process of Pickup Using Cargoclix 

SLOT and without It 

Source: developed by the authors based on the Table 2. 

 

When building a graph if there is a range of possible duration of an operation, the average value has 

been taken. For example in case of waiting for your turn to get loaded, 45 minutes were taken as an 

average between 0 and 90. Summarizing the above information, we can conclude that if Trans-Logistic 

integrates time slot management system Cargoclix SLOT, duration of loading and unloading processes 

would be reduced in average by 46%. Accordingly the company’s efficiency will be higher, better 

customer service would be able to be provided that will definitely lead to increased profit. 



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4. Conclusions 

Analysis of the nature and factors of digitizing macrologistic systems has allowed for a detailed 

examination and disclosure of new trends and key aspects, determining the impact of digitization on the 

quality of logistic services and transportation costs. Digitization of macrologistic systems is a process 

that involves the integration of digital technologies, data analytics, and solutions for managing 

information in logistics and supply chain operations. These technologies encompass a wide range of tools, 

such as the Internet of Things, unmanned technologies, blockchain, big data, robotic systems, artificial 

intelligence, and neural networks. 

The interrelation and interaction of various aspects of macrologistic systems in the context of 

commodity-money and contractual relations have been identified. The reasons leading to the 

deterioration of Ukraine’s rankings in the Logistics Performance Index compared to EU countries have 

been analyzed. 

Special attention is given to the analysis of investments in digitization on the European logistics market. 

The advantages of integrated online platforms and the implementation of automation in transport 

logistics are highlighted. Analyzing the pros and cons of different logistic platforms has led to the 

identification of Cargoclix as a logistic platform. 

The authors have analyzed key performance indicators and parameters to determine the effectiveness of 

implementing the logistic platform, substantiating the importance of digitization for all market 

participants. The conducted analysis provides a basis for defining digitization as a strategically important 

direction to ensure the efficiency of transport and logistics companies in times of war and determining 

their competitive advantages. Thus, the article makes a significant contribution to the study of 

digitization issues in macrologistics. 

 

References  

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Warsaw University of Life Science. Economics and Organization of Logistics, 3, 31-44. 

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Authors Information  

Valerii Osetskyi  

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor  

Department of Economics, Macro- and Microeconomics 

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, 

E-mail: val_osetski@ukr.net 

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-1070 

Web of Science Researcher ID:   

I-4477-2018 

 

 

 

mailto:val_osetski@ukr.net
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-1070
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-4477-2018


www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape            Advances in Politics and Economics                Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 

23 
Published by SCHOLINK INC. 

Yurii Umantsiv 

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor  

Department of Economics and Competition Policy,  

State University of Trade and Economics 

Kyiv, Ukraine;  

ORCID: 0000-0003-0788-7110 

Web of Science ResearcherID: N-7018-2016 

y.umantsiv@knute.edu.ua 

 

Viktoriia Klymenko  

PhD in Economics, Associate Professor 

Associate Professor  

Aviation Works and Services Department 

National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine, 

e-mail: klymenko_viktoriya@nau.edu.ua 

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-3296 

 

Ganna Lozova 

PhD in Economics, Associate Professor 

Associate Professor  

Department of Economics, Macro- and Microeconomics  

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, 

E-mail: lozova@knu.ua, 

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0343-0463 

 

Elvira Yeshchenko 

Master’s Degree Education Seeker in Transport Technologies,  

National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine, 

e-mail: elvirayeshchenko@gmail.com 

 

 

mailto:y.umantsiv@knute.edu.ua
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-3296

