id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ape-4776	1	1	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
ape-4776	1	2	word	word	PROPN
ape-4776	1	3	ape	ape	NOUN
ape-4776	1	4	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	1	5	v5n2	v5n2	NOUN
ape-4776	1	6	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	1	7	p81	p81	NOUN
ape-4776	1	8	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4776	1	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	1	10	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	1	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	1	12	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4776	1	13	issn	issn	VERB
ape-4776	1	14	2576	2576	NUM
ape-4776	1	15	-	-	SYM
ape-4776	1	16	1382	1382	NUM
ape-4776	1	17	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	1	18	print	print	NOUN
ape-4776	1	19	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	1	20	issn	issn	PROPN
ape-4776	1	21	2576	2576	NUM
ape-4776	1	22	-	-	SYM
ape-4776	1	23	1390	1390	NUM
ape-4776	1	24	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	1	25	online	online	ADJ
ape-4776	1	26	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	1	27	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4776	1	28	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	2	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4776	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	2	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4776	2	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4776	2	5	2	2	NUM
ape-4776	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	2	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	2	8	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4776	2	9	81	81	NUM
ape-4776	2	10	original	original	ADJ
ape-4776	2	11	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-4776	2	12	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	2	13	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	2	14	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	2	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	2	16	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	2	17	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	2	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	2	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	2	20	fiemotongha	fiemotongha	ADJ
ape-4776	2	21	christopher1	christopher1	NOUN
ape-4776	2	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	2	23	love	love	VERB
ape-4776	2	24	god	god	PROPN
ape-4776	2	25	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-4776	2	26	ogbotubo1	ogbotubo1	PROPN
ape-4776	2	27	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4776	2	28	ifidi	ifidi	PROPN
ape-4776	2	29	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-4776	2	30	gesiye1	gesiye1	PROPN
ape-4776	2	31	1	1	NUM
ape-4776	3	1	isaac	isaac	PROPN
ape-4776	3	2	jasper	jasper	PROPN
ape-4776	3	3	boro	boro	PROPN
ape-4776	3	4	colledge	colledge	PROPN
ape-4776	3	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	3	6	education	education	PROPN
ape-4776	3	7	sagbama	sagbama	NOUN
ape-4776	3	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	9	bayelsa	bayelsa	NOUN
ape-4776	3	10	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	3	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	3	13	*	*	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	14	fiemotongha	fiemotongha	ADJ
ape-4776	3	15	christopher	christopher	NOUN
ape-4776	3	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	17	e	e	NOUN
ape-4776	3	18	-	-	NOUN
ape-4776	3	19	mail	mail	NOUN
ape-4776	3	20	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	21	christofiems@gmail.com	christofiems@gmail.com	X
ape-4776	3	22	received	receive	VERB
ape-4776	3	23	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	24	march	march	PROPN
ape-4776	3	25	15	15	NUM
ape-4776	3	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	27	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	3	28	accepted	accept	VERB
ape-4776	3	29	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	30	may	may	AUX
ape-4776	3	31	10	10	NUM
ape-4776	3	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	33	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	3	34	online	online	ADV
ape-4776	3	35	published	publish	VERB
ape-4776	3	36	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	37	may	may	AUX
ape-4776	3	38	13	13	NUM
ape-4776	3	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	40	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	3	41	doi:10.22158	doi:10.22158	NOUN
ape-4776	3	42	/	/	SYM
ape-4776	3	43	ape.v5n2p81	ape.v5n2p81	NOUN
ape-4776	3	44	url	url	NOUN
ape-4776	3	45	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	46	http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n2p81	http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n2p81	PROPN
ape-4776	3	47	abstract	abstract	NOUN
ape-4776	3	48	this	this	DET
ape-4776	3	49	work	work	NOUN
ape-4776	3	50	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	3	51	an	an	DET
ape-4776	3	52	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-4776	3	53	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	3	54	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	55	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	3	56	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	3	57	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	3	58	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	3	59	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	3	60	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	3	61	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	3	62	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	4	1	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	4	2	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	4	3	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	4	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	4	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	4	6	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	4	7	implicitly	implicitly	ADV
ape-4776	4	8	becoming	become	VERB
ape-4776	4	9	an	an	DET
ape-4776	4	10	accepted	accepted	ADJ
ape-4776	4	11	practice	practice	NOUN
ape-4776	4	12	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	4	13	the	the	DET
ape-4776	4	14	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	4	15	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	4	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	4	17	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	4	18	body	body	NOUN
ape-4776	4	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	4	20	security	security	NOUN
ape-4776	4	21	agencies	agency	NOUN
ape-4776	4	22	as	as	ADV
ape-4776	4	23	well	well	ADV
ape-4776	4	24	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	4	25	the	the	DET
ape-4776	4	26	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-4776	4	27	contributing	contribute	VERB
ape-4776	4	28	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	4	29	its	its	PRON
ape-4776	4	30	growth	growth	NOUN
ape-4776	4	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	5	1	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	5	2	entails	entail	VERB
ape-4776	5	3	majority	majority	NOUN
ape-4776	5	4	rule	rule	NOUN
ape-4776	5	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	5	6	gives	give	VERB
ape-4776	5	7	ultimate	ultimate	ADJ
ape-4776	5	8	power	power	NOUN
ape-4776	5	9	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	5	10	the	the	DET
ape-4776	5	11	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	5	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	5	13	among	among	ADP
ape-4776	5	14	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	5	15	things	thing	NOUN
ape-4776	5	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	6	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4776	6	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	6	3	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
ape-4776	6	4	during	during	ADP
ape-4776	6	5	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	6	6	where	where	SCONJ
ape-4776	6	7	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	6	8	leaders	leader	NOUN
ape-4776	6	9	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	6	10	chosen	choose	VERB
ape-4776	6	11	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	6	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	6	13	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	6	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	6	15	through	through	ADP
ape-4776	6	16	the	the	DET
ape-4776	6	17	ballot	ballot	NOUN
ape-4776	6	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	7	1	this	this	DET
ape-4776	7	2	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	7	3	process	process	NOUN
ape-4776	7	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	7	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	7	6	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	7	7	altered	alter	VERB
ape-4776	7	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	7	9	negatively	negatively	ADV
ape-4776	7	10	influenced	influence	VERB
ape-4776	7	11	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	7	12	several	several	ADJ
ape-4776	7	13	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4776	7	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	8	1	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	8	2	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	8	3	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	8	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	8	5	a	a	DET
ape-4776	8	6	monetary	monetary	ADJ
ape-4776	8	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	8	8	material	material	ADJ
ape-4776	8	9	inducement	inducement	NOUN
ape-4776	8	10	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	8	11	compels	compel	VERB
ape-4776	8	12	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-4776	8	13	to	to	PART
ape-4776	8	14	vote	vote	VERB
ape-4776	8	15	contrary	contrary	ADV
ape-4776	8	16	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	8	17	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	8	18	choices	choice	NOUN
ape-4776	8	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	8	20	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	8	21	a	a	DET
ape-4776	8	22	disturbing	disturbing	ADJ
ape-4776	8	23	trend	trend	NOUN
ape-4776	8	24	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	8	25	gets	get	AUX
ape-4776	8	26	consolidated	consolidate	VERB
ape-4776	8	27	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	8	28	each	each	DET
ape-4776	8	29	passing	pass	VERB
ape-4776	8	30	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	8	31	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	8	32	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	8	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	9	1	this	this	DET
ape-4776	9	2	study	study	NOUN
ape-4776	9	3	examines	examine	VERB
ape-4776	9	4	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	9	5	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	9	6	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	9	7	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	9	8	a	a	DET
ape-4776	9	9	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ape-4776	9	10	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	9	11	negative	negative	ADJ
ape-4776	9	12	factor	factor	NOUN
ape-4776	9	13	militating	militate	VERB
ape-4776	9	14	against	against	ADP
ape-4776	9	15	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	9	16	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	9	17	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	9	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	9	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	10	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	10	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	10	3	observed	observe	VERB
ape-4776	10	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	10	5	this	this	DET
ape-4776	10	6	study	study	NOUN
ape-4776	10	7	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	10	8	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	10	9	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	10	10	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	10	11	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	10	12	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
ape-4776	10	13	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	10	14	bad	bad	ADJ
ape-4776	10	15	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	10	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	11	1	there	there	PRON
ape-4776	11	2	is	be	VERB
ape-4776	11	3	the	the	DET
ape-4776	11	4	need	need	NOUN
ape-4776	11	5	to	to	PART
ape-4776	11	6	amend	amend	VERB
ape-4776	11	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	11	8	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	11	9	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	11	10	laws	law	NOUN
ape-4776	11	11	to	to	PART
ape-4776	11	12	truly	truly	ADV
ape-4776	11	13	make	make	VERB
ape-4776	11	14	the	the	DET
ape-4776	11	15	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	11	16	body	body	NOUN
ape-4776	11	17	independent	independent	ADJ
ape-4776	11	18	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	11	19	the	the	DET
ape-4776	11	20	executive	executive	NOUN
ape-4776	11	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	11	22	to	to	PART
ape-4776	11	23	give	give	VERB
ape-4776	11	24	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	11	25	a	a	DET
ape-4776	11	26	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ape-4776	11	27	disposition	disposition	NOUN
ape-4776	11	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	12	1	there	there	PRON
ape-4776	12	2	are	be	VERB
ape-4776	12	3	extant	extant	ADJ
ape-4776	12	4	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ape-4776	12	5	provisions	provision	NOUN
ape-4776	12	6	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	12	7	criminalize	criminalize	VERB
ape-4776	12	8	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	12	9	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	12	10	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	12	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	12	12	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-4776	12	13	these	these	DET
ape-4776	12	14	laws	law	NOUN
ape-4776	12	15	should	should	AUX
ape-4776	12	16	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	12	17	enforced	enforce	VERB
ape-4776	12	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	12	19	irrespective	irrespective	ADV
ape-4776	12	20	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	12	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	12	22	status	status	NOUN
ape-4776	12	23	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	12	24	the	the	DET
ape-4776	12	25	offenders	offender	NOUN
ape-4776	12	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	13	1	keywords	keyword	VERB
ape-4776	13	2	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	13	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	13	4	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	13	5	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	13	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	13	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	13	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	13	9	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	13	10	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	13	11	buying	buy	VERB
ape-4776	13	12	1	1	NUM
ape-4776	13	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	14	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ape-4776	14	2	the	the	DET
ape-4776	14	3	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	14	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	14	5	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	14	6	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	14	7	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	14	8	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	14	9	not	not	PART
ape-4776	14	10	common	common	ADJ
ape-4776	14	11	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	14	12	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ape-4776	14	13	alone	alone	ADJ
ape-4776	14	14	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4776	14	15	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	14	16	many	many	ADJ
ape-4776	14	17	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4776	14	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	14	19	the	the	DET
ape-4776	14	20	world	world	NOUN
ape-4776	14	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	14	22	especially	especially	ADV
ape-4776	14	23	developing	develop	VERB
ape-4776	14	24	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4776	14	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	15	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	15	2	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	15	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	15	4	traceable	traceable	ADJ
ape-4776	15	5	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	15	6	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	15	7	systems	system	NOUN
ape-4776	15	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	15	9	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	15	10	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	15	11	developed	develop	VERB
ape-4776	15	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	15	13	developing	develop	VERB
ape-4776	15	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	15	15	classical	classical	ADJ
ape-4776	15	16	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	15	17	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ape-4776	15	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	16	1	emmanuel	emmanuel	PROPN
ape-4776	16	2	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	16	3	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4776	16	4	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	16	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	16	6	explains	explain	VERB
ape-4776	16	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	16	8	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	16	9	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	16	10	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	16	11	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	16	12	was	be	AUX
ape-4776	16	13	also	also	ADV
ape-4776	16	14	known	know	VERB
ape-4776	16	15	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	16	16	19th	19th	ADJ
ape-4776	16	17	century	century	NOUN
ape-4776	16	18	england	england	NOUN
ape-4776	16	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	16	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	16	21	early	early	ADJ
ape-4776	16	22	settlements	settlement	NOUN
ape-4776	16	23	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	16	24	quito	quito	PROPN
ape-4776	16	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	16	26	ecuador	ecuador	PROPN
ape-4776	16	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	17	1	before	before	ADP
ape-4776	17	2	now	now	ADV
ape-4776	17	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	17	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	17	5	taiwan	taiwan	PROPN
ape-4776	17	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	17	7	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	17	8	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	17	9	buying	buy	VERB
ape-4776	17	10	brokers	broker	NOUN
ape-4776	17	11	typically	typically	ADV
ape-4776	17	12	approach	approach	VERB
ape-4776	17	13	relatives	relative	NOUN
ape-4776	17	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	17	15	friends	friend	NOUN
ape-4776	17	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	17	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	17	18	neighbors	neighbor	NOUN
ape-4776	17	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	18	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	18	2	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4776	18	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	18	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	18	5	trend	trend	NOUN
ape-4776	18	6	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	18	7	taking	take	VERB
ape-4776	18	8	an	an	DET
ape-4776	18	9	unprecedented	unprecedented	ADJ
ape-4776	18	10	dimension	dimension	NOUN
ape-4776	18	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	18	12	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	18	13	those	those	PRON
ape-4776	18	14	entrusted	entrust	VERB
ape-4776	18	15	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	18	16	the	the	DET
ape-4776	18	17	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ape-4776	18	18	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
ape-4776	18	19	to	to	PART
ape-4776	18	20	curb	curb	VERB
ape-4776	18	21	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	18	22	found	find	VERB
ape-4776	18	23	culpable	culpable	ADJ
ape-4776	18	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	18	25	fully	fully	ADV
ape-4776	18	26	involved	involve	VERB
ape-4776	18	27	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	18	28	perpetrating	perpetrate	VERB
ape-4776	18	29	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	18	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	19	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4776	19	2	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4776	19	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	19	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	19	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	19	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4776	19	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4776	19	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	20	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4776	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	20	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4776	20	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4776	20	5	2	2	NUM
ape-4776	20	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	20	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	20	8	82	82	NUM
ape-4776	20	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4776	20	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	20	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4776	20	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4776	20	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	20	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	20	15	recent	recent	ADJ
ape-4776	20	16	times	time	NOUN
ape-4776	20	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	20	18	especially	especially	ADV
ape-4776	20	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	20	20	the	the	DET
ape-4776	20	21	fourth	fourth	PROPN
ape-4776	20	22	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4776	20	23	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	20	24	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	20	25	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	20	26	become	become	VERB
ape-4776	20	27	a	a	DET
ape-4776	20	28	hydra	hydra	NOUN
ape-4776	20	29	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	20	30	headed	head	VERB
ape-4776	20	31	monster	monster	NOUN
ape-4776	20	32	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	20	33	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	20	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	20	35	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
ape-4776	20	36	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	20	37	every	every	DET
ape-4776	20	38	passing	pass	VERB
ape-4776	20	39	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	20	40	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	21	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	21	2	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	21	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	21	4	today	today	NOUN
ape-4776	21	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	21	6	the	the	DET
ape-4776	21	7	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	21	8	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	21	9	gained	gain	VERB
ape-4776	21	10	momentum	momentum	NOUN
ape-4776	21	11	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	21	12	an	an	DET
ape-4776	21	13	alarming	alarming	ADJ
ape-4776	21	14	scale	scale	NOUN
ape-4776	21	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	21	16	this	this	PRON
ape-4776	21	17	stands	stand	VERB
ape-4776	21	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	21	19	direct	direct	ADJ
ape-4776	21	20	contradiction	contradiction	NOUN
ape-4776	21	21	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	21	22	the	the	DET
ape-4776	21	23	tenets	tenet	NOUN
ape-4776	21	24	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	21	25	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	21	26	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	21	27	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	21	28	predicated	predicate	VERB
ape-4776	21	29	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	21	30	free	free	ADJ
ape-4776	21	31	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	21	32	fair	fair	ADJ
ape-4776	21	33	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	21	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	1	chronologically	chronologically	ADV
ape-4776	22	2	tracing	trace	VERB
ape-4776	22	3	the	the	DET
ape-4776	22	4	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	22	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	6	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	22	7	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	22	8	evident	evident	ADJ
ape-4776	22	9	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	22	10	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	22	11	grown	grow	VERB
ape-4776	22	12	gradually	gradually	ADV
ape-4776	22	13	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	22	14	the	the	DET
ape-4776	22	15	first	first	ADJ
ape-4776	22	16	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4776	22	17	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	22	18	what	what	PRON
ape-4776	22	19	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	22	20	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	22	21	today	today	NOUN
ape-4776	22	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	23	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	22	24	the	the	DET
ape-4776	22	25	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ape-4776	22	26	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4776	22	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	28	though	though	SCONJ
ape-4776	22	29	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	22	30	emmanuel	emmanuel	PROPN
ape-4776	22	31	explains	explain	VERB
ape-4776	22	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	33	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	22	34	was	be	AUX
ape-4776	22	35	the	the	DET
ape-4776	22	36	national	national	ADJ
ape-4776	22	37	party	party	PROPN
ape-4776	22	38	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	22	39	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	22	40	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	41	npn	npn	NOUN
ape-4776	22	42	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	43	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	22	44	visibly	visibly	ADV
ape-4776	22	45	displayed	display	VERB
ape-4776	22	46	affluence	affluence	NOUN
ape-4776	22	47	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	22	48	used	use	VERB
ape-4776	22	49	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	22	50	to	to	PART
ape-4776	22	51	lure	lure	VERB
ape-4776	22	52	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-4776	22	53	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	22	54	the	the	DET
ape-4776	22	55	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ape-4776	22	56	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4776	22	57	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	58	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	22	59	was	be	AUX
ape-4776	22	60	evident	evident	ADJ
ape-4776	22	61	during	during	ADP
ape-4776	22	62	the	the	DET
ape-4776	22	63	ekiti	ekiti	ADJ
ape-4776	22	64	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	22	65	governorship	governorship	NOUN
ape-4776	22	66	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	22	67	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	22	68	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	22	69	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	70	the	the	DET
ape-4776	22	71	peoples	people	NOUN
ape-4776	22	72	democratic	democratic	PROPN
ape-4776	22	73	party	party	PROPN
ape-4776	22	74	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	75	pdp	pdp	PROPN
ape-4776	22	76	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	77	paid	pay	VERB
ape-4776	22	78	between	between	ADP
ape-4776	22	79	n3,000	n3,000	PROPN
ape-4776	22	80	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	22	81	n5,000	n5,000	ADJ
ape-4776	22	82	into	into	ADP
ape-4776	22	83	individual	individual	ADJ
ape-4776	22	84	accounts	account	NOUN
ape-4776	22	85	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	22	86	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-4776	22	87	servants	servant	NOUN
ape-4776	22	88	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	89	while	while	SCONJ
ape-4776	22	90	the	the	DET
ape-4776	22	91	all	all	DET
ape-4776	22	92	progressives	progressive	NOUN
ape-4776	22	93	congress	congress	PROPN
ape-4776	22	94	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	95	apc	apc	PROPN
ape-4776	22	96	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	97	paid	pay	VERB
ape-4776	22	98	n5,000	n5,000	PROPN
ape-4776	22	99	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	22	100	n10,000	n10,000	NOUN
ape-4776	22	101	to	to	PART
ape-4776	22	102	neutralize	neutralize	VERB
ape-4776	22	103	pdp	pdp	PROPN
ape-4776	22	104	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	22	105	bargaining	bargaining	NOUN
ape-4776	22	106	power	power	NOUN
ape-4776	22	107	olakunle	olakunle	NOUN
ape-4776	22	108	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	109	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	22	110	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	22	111	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	23	1	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	23	2	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	23	3	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	23	4	not	not	PART
ape-4776	23	5	only	only	ADV
ape-4776	23	6	distorted	distort	VERB
ape-4776	23	7	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	23	8	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4776	23	9	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	23	10	come	come	VERB
ape-4776	23	11	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	23	12	many	many	ADJ
ape-4776	23	13	negative	negative	ADJ
ape-4776	23	14	effects	effect	NOUN
ape-4776	23	15	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	23	16	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	23	17	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	23	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	23	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	24	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	24	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	24	3	observed	observe	VERB
ape-4776	24	4	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	24	5	the	the	DET
ape-4776	24	6	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	24	7	leaders	leader	NOUN
ape-4776	24	8	today	today	NOUN
ape-4776	24	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	24	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	24	11	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	24	12	not	not	PART
ape-4776	24	13	truly	truly	ADV
ape-4776	24	14	a	a	DET
ape-4776	24	15	product	product	NOUN
ape-4776	24	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	24	17	the	the	DET
ape-4776	24	18	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	24	19	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	24	20	will	will	NOUN
ape-4776	24	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	25	1	to	to	PART
ape-4776	25	2	address	address	VERB
ape-4776	25	3	the	the	DET
ape-4776	25	4	menace	menace	NOUN
ape-4776	25	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	25	6	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	25	7	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	25	8	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	25	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	25	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	25	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	25	12	there	there	PRON
ape-4776	25	13	must	must	AUX
ape-4776	25	14	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	25	15	drastic	drastic	ADJ
ape-4776	25	16	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	25	17	reforms	reform	NOUN
ape-4776	25	18	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	25	19	will	will	AUX
ape-4776	25	20	include	include	VERB
ape-4776	25	21	capital	capital	ADJ
ape-4776	25	22	punishment	punishment	NOUN
ape-4776	25	23	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	25	24	offenders	offender	NOUN
ape-4776	25	25	as	as	ADV
ape-4776	25	26	well	well	ADV
ape-4776	25	27	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	25	28	make	make	VERB
ape-4776	25	29	the	the	DET
ape-4776	25	30	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	25	31	body	body	NOUN
ape-4776	25	32	truly	truly	ADV
ape-4776	25	33	independent	independent	ADJ
ape-4776	25	34	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	25	35	executive	executive	ADJ
ape-4776	25	36	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ape-4776	25	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	26	1	2	2	X
ape-4776	26	2	.	.	X
ape-4776	26	3	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ape-4776	26	4	framework	framework	NOUN
ape-4776	26	5	there	there	PRON
ape-4776	26	6	is	be	VERB
ape-4776	26	7	a	a	DET
ape-4776	26	8	wide	wide	ADJ
ape-4776	26	9	range	range	NOUN
ape-4776	26	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	26	11	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ape-4776	26	12	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ape-4776	26	13	available	available	ADJ
ape-4776	26	14	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	26	15	this	this	DET
ape-4776	26	16	study	study	NOUN
ape-4776	26	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	27	1	however	however	ADV
ape-4776	27	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	27	3	this	this	DET
ape-4776	27	4	work	work	NOUN
ape-4776	27	5	adopted	adopt	VERB
ape-4776	27	6	karl	karl	PROPN
ape-4776	27	7	marx	marx	PROPN
ape-4776	27	8	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	27	9	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-4776	27	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	27	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	27	12	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	27	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	28	1	karl	karl	PROPN
ape-4776	28	2	mark	mark	PROPN
ape-4776	28	3	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	28	4	1818	1818	NUM
ape-4776	28	5	-	-	SYM
ape-4776	28	6	1883	1883	NUM
ape-4776	28	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	28	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	28	9	his	his	PRON
ape-4776	28	10	friend	friend	NOUN
ape-4776	28	11	frederick	frederick	PROPN
ape-4776	28	12	engels	engels	PROPN
ape-4776	28	13	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	28	14	1820	1820	NUM
ape-4776	28	15	-	-	SYM
ape-4776	28	16	1895	1895	NUM
ape-4776	28	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	28	18	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	28	19	the	the	DET
ape-4776	28	20	chief	chief	ADJ
ape-4776	28	21	proponents	proponent	NOUN
ape-4776	28	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	28	23	this	this	DET
ape-4776	28	24	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-4776	28	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	29	1	though	though	SCONJ
ape-4776	29	2	this	this	DET
ape-4776	29	3	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-4776	29	4	has	have	VERB
ape-4776	29	5	several	several	ADJ
ape-4776	29	6	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ape-4776	29	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	29	8	the	the	DET
ape-4776	29	9	focus	focus	NOUN
ape-4776	29	10	here	here	ADV
ape-4776	29	11	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	29	12	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	29	13	the	the	DET
ape-4776	29	14	instrumentalist	instrumentalist	NOUN
ape-4776	29	15	's	's	PART
ape-4776	29	16	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ape-4776	29	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	30	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	30	2	instrumentalist	instrumentalist	PROPN
ape-4776	30	3	perspective	perspective	PROPN
ape-4776	30	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	30	5	karl	karl	PROPN
ape-4776	30	6	marx	marx	PROPN
ape-4776	30	7	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	30	8	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-4776	30	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	30	10	the	the	DET
ape-4776	30	11	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	30	12	holds	hold	VERB
ape-4776	30	13	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	30	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	30	15	every	every	DET
ape-4776	30	16	society	society	NOUN
ape-4776	30	17	there	there	PRON
ape-4776	30	18	is	be	VERB
ape-4776	30	19	a	a	DET
ape-4776	30	20	ruling	rule	VERB
ape-4776	30	21	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	30	22	to	to	PART
ape-4776	30	23	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	30	24	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	30	25	classes	class	NOUN
ape-4776	30	26	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	30	27	subjected	subject	VERB
ape-4776	30	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	31	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	31	2	explains	explain	VERB
ape-4776	31	3	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	31	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	31	5	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	31	6	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	31	7	used	use	VERB
ape-4776	31	8	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	31	9	an	an	DET
ape-4776	31	10	instrument	instrument	NOUN
ape-4776	31	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	31	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	31	13	hands	hand	NOUN
ape-4776	31	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	31	15	this	this	DET
ape-4776	31	16	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ape-4776	31	17	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	31	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	31	19	fulfillment	fulfillment	NOUN
ape-4776	31	20	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	31	21	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	31	22	self	self	NOUN
ape-4776	31	23	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	31	24	interests	interest	NOUN
ape-4776	31	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	32	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	32	2	was	be	AUX
ape-4776	32	3	enunciated	enunciate	VERB
ape-4776	32	4	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	32	5	karl	karl	PROPN
ape-4776	32	6	marx	marx	PROPN
ape-4776	32	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	32	8	frederick	frederick	PROPN
ape-4776	32	9	engels	engels	PROPN
ape-4776	32	10	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	32	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	32	12	communist	communist	ADJ
ape-4776	32	13	manifesto	manifesto	NOUN
ape-4776	32	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	32	15	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	32	16	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	32	17	power	power	NOUN
ape-4776	32	18	properly	properly	ADV
ape-4776	32	19	so	so	ADV
ape-4776	32	20	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	32	21	called	call	VERB
ape-4776	32	22	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	32	23	merely	merely	ADV
ape-4776	32	24	the	the	DET
ape-4776	32	25	organized	organized	ADJ
ape-4776	32	26	power	power	NOUN
ape-4776	32	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	32	28	one	one	NUM
ape-4776	32	29	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	32	30	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	32	31	dominating	dominate	VERB
ape-4776	32	32	another	another	PRON
ape-4776	32	33	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	32	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	33	1	draper	draper	NOUN
ape-4776	33	2	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	33	3	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4776	33	4	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	33	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	33	6	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	33	7	karl	karl	PROPN
ape-4776	33	8	marx	marx	PROPN
ape-4776	33	9	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	33	10	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-4776	33	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	33	12	revolution	revolution	NOUN
ape-4776	33	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	33	14	asserts	assert	VERB
ape-4776	33	15	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	33	16	the	the	DET
ape-4776	33	17	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	33	18	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	33	19	the	the	DET
ape-4776	33	20	institution	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	33	21	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	33	22	complex	complex	NOUN
ape-4776	33	23	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	33	24	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	33	25	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	33	26	bases	base	VERB
ape-4776	33	27	itself	itself	PRON
ape-4776	33	28	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	33	29	the	the	DET
ape-4776	33	30	availability	availability	NOUN
ape-4776	33	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	33	32	forcible	forcible	ADJ
ape-4776	33	33	coercion	coercion	NOUN
ape-4776	33	34	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	33	35	special	special	ADJ
ape-4776	33	36	agencies	agency	NOUN
ape-4776	33	37	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	33	38	society	society	NOUN
ape-4776	33	39	to	to	PART
ape-4776	33	40	maintain	maintain	VERB
ape-4776	33	41	the	the	DET
ape-4776	33	42	dominance	dominance	NOUN
ape-4776	33	43	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	33	44	a	a	DET
ape-4776	33	45	ruling	rule	VERB
ape-4776	33	46	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	33	47	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	33	48	preserve	preserve	VERB
ape-4776	33	49	the	the	DET
ape-4776	33	50	existing	exist	VERB
ape-4776	33	51	property	property	NOUN
ape-4776	33	52	relations	relation	NOUN
ape-4776	33	53	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	33	54	basic	basic	ADJ
ape-4776	33	55	change	change	NOUN
ape-4776	33	56	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	33	57	make	make	VERB
ape-4776	33	58	all	all	DET
ape-4776	33	59	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	33	60	classes	class	NOUN
ape-4776	33	61	subservient	subservient	VERB
ape-4776	33	62	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	34	1	marx	marx	PROPN
ape-4776	34	2	explains	explain	VERB
ape-4776	34	3	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	34	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	34	5	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ape-4776	34	6	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	34	7	acquires	acquire	VERB
ape-4776	34	8	the	the	DET
ape-4776	34	9	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4776	34	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	34	11	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	34	12	power	power	NOUN
ape-4776	34	13	to	to	PART
ape-4776	34	14	dominate	dominate	VERB
ape-4776	34	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	34	16	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	34	17	classes	class	NOUN
ape-4776	34	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	34	19	all	all	DET
ape-4776	34	20	spheres	sphere	NOUN
ape-4776	34	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	34	22	life	life	NOUN
ape-4776	34	23	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	34	24	ojukwu	ojukwu	NOUN
ape-4776	34	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	34	26	2009	2009	NUM
ape-4776	34	27	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	34	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	35	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	35	2	instrumentalist	instrumentalist	NOUN
ape-4776	35	3	model	model	NOUN
ape-4776	35	4	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	35	5	employed	employ	VERB
ape-4776	35	6	here	here	ADV
ape-4776	35	7	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	35	8	a	a	DET
ape-4776	35	9	tool	tool	NOUN
ape-4776	35	10	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	35	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	35	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-4776	35	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	35	14	the	the	DET
ape-4776	35	15	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4776	35	16	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	35	17	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	35	18	all	all	DET
ape-4776	35	19	her	her	PRON
ape-4776	35	20	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	35	21	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	35	22	an	an	DET
ape-4776	35	23	instrument	instrument	NOUN
ape-4776	35	24	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	35	25	the	the	DET
ape-4776	35	26	hands	hand	NOUN
ape-4776	35	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	35	28	the	the	DET
ape-4776	35	29	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ape-4776	35	30	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	35	31	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	35	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	36	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	36	2	security	security	NOUN
ape-4776	36	3	agencies	agency	NOUN
ape-4776	36	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	36	5	the	the	DET
ape-4776	36	6	independent	independent	ADJ
ape-4776	36	7	national	national	PROPN
ape-4776	36	8	electoral	electoral	PROPN
ape-4776	36	9	commission	commission	PROPN
ape-4776	36	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	36	11	inec	inec	PROPN
ape-4776	36	12	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	36	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	36	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	36	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	36	16	judiciary	judiciary	NOUN
ape-4776	36	17	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	36	18	oversees	oversee	VERB
ape-4776	36	19	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	36	20	petition	petition	NOUN
ape-4776	36	21	tribunals	tribunal	NOUN
ape-4776	36	22	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	36	23	all	all	PRON
ape-4776	36	24	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	36	25	agents	agent	NOUN
ape-4776	36	26	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	36	27	help	help	VERB
ape-4776	36	28	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	36	29	one	one	NUM
ape-4776	36	30	way	way	NOUN
ape-4776	36	31	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	36	32	the	the	DET
ape-4776	36	33	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	36	34	to	to	PART
ape-4776	36	35	encourage	encourage	VERB
ape-4776	36	36	the	the	DET
ape-4776	36	37	perpetration	perpetration	NOUN
ape-4776	36	38	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	36	39	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	36	40	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	36	41	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	36	42	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	36	43	the	the	DET
ape-4776	36	44	interests	interest	NOUN
ape-4776	36	45	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	36	46	the	the	DET
ape-4776	36	47	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ape-4776	36	48	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	36	49	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	37	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	37	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	37	3	empowered	empower	VERB
ape-4776	37	4	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	37	5	the	the	DET
ape-4776	37	6	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ape-4776	37	7	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
ape-4776	37	8	to	to	PART
ape-4776	37	9	ensure	ensure	VERB
ape-4776	37	10	free	free	ADJ
ape-4776	37	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	37	12	fair	fair	ADJ
ape-4776	37	13	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	37	14	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	37	15	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
ape-4776	37	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	37	17	used	use	VERB
ape-4776	37	18	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	37	19	tools	tool	NOUN
ape-4776	37	20	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	37	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	37	22	governing	govern	VERB
ape-4776	37	23	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	37	24	to	to	PART
ape-4776	37	25	actualize	actualize	VERB
ape-4776	37	26	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	37	27	self	self	NOUN
ape-4776	37	28	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	37	29	interests	interest	NOUN
ape-4776	37	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	38	1	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	38	2	alapiki	alapiki	ADJ
ape-4776	38	3	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	38	4	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4776	38	5	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	38	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	38	7	captures	capture	VERB
ape-4776	38	8	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	38	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	38	10	what	what	PRON
ape-4776	38	11	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	38	12	uniquely	uniquely	ADV
ape-4776	38	13	negative	negative	ADJ
ape-4776	38	14	about	about	ADP
ape-4776	38	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	38	16	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4776	38	17	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	38	18	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	38	19	its	its	PRON
ape-4776	38	20	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-4776	38	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	38	22	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ape-4776	38	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	38	24	its	its	PRON
ape-4776	38	25	proneness	proneness	NOUN
ape-4776	38	26	to	to	PART
ape-4776	38	27	abuse	abuse	VERB
ape-4776	38	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	38	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	38	30	the	the	DET
ape-4776	38	31	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4776	38	32	advances	advance	VERB
ape-4776	38	33	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	38	34	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	38	35	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	38	36	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4776	38	37	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4776	38	38	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	39	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4776	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	39	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4776	39	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4776	39	5	2	2	NUM
ape-4776	39	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	39	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	39	8	83	83	NUM
ape-4776	39	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4776	39	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	39	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4776	39	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4776	39	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	39	14	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-4776	39	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	39	16	immunity	immunity	NOUN
ape-4776	39	17	against	against	ADP
ape-4776	39	18	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	39	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	40	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	40	2	negative	negative	ADJ
ape-4776	40	3	effect	effect	NOUN
ape-4776	40	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	40	5	this	this	DET
ape-4776	40	6	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	40	7	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	40	8	always	always	ADV
ape-4776	40	9	been	be	AUX
ape-4776	40	10	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	40	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	40	12	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	40	13	who	who	PRON
ape-4776	40	14	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	40	15	been	be	AUX
ape-4776	40	16	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
ape-4776	40	17	subjected	subject	VERB
ape-4776	40	18	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	40	19	poor	poor	ADJ
ape-4776	40	20	conditions	condition	NOUN
ape-4776	40	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	40	22	life	life	NOUN
ape-4776	40	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	40	24	so	so	ADV
ape-4776	40	25	much	much	ADV
ape-4776	40	26	so	so	SCONJ
ape-4776	40	27	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	40	28	when	when	SCONJ
ape-4776	40	29	an	an	DET
ape-4776	40	30	offer	offer	NOUN
ape-4776	40	31	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	40	32	made	make	VERB
ape-4776	40	33	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	40	34	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	40	35	day	day	NOUN
ape-4776	40	36	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	40	37	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	40	38	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	40	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	40	40	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	40	41	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	40	42	left	leave	VERB
ape-4776	40	43	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	40	44	no	no	DET
ape-4776	40	45	option	option	NOUN
ape-4776	40	46	but	but	SCONJ
ape-4776	40	47	to	to	PART
ape-4776	40	48	give	give	VERB
ape-4776	40	49	away	away	ADP
ape-4776	40	50	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	40	51	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	40	52	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	40	53	a	a	DET
ape-4776	40	54	nominal	nominal	ADJ
ape-4776	40	55	sum	sum	NOUN
ape-4776	40	56	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	41	1	3	3	X
ape-4776	41	2	.	.	X
ape-4776	41	3	the	the	DET
ape-4776	41	4	concept	concept	NOUN
ape-4776	41	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	41	6	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	41	7	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	41	8	buying	buy	VERB
ape-4776	41	9	the	the	DET
ape-4776	41	10	meaning	meaning	NOUN
ape-4776	41	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	41	12	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	41	13	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	41	14	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	41	15	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	41	16	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	41	17	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	41	18	commonly	commonly	ADV
ape-4776	41	19	understood	understand	VERB
ape-4776	41	20	across	across	ADP
ape-4776	41	21	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4776	41	22	contexts	context	NOUN
ape-4776	41	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	41	24	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	41	25	environments	environment	NOUN
ape-4776	41	26	involves	involve	VERB
ape-4776	41	27	the	the	DET
ape-4776	41	28	giving	giving	NOUN
ape-4776	41	29	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	41	30	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	41	31	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	41	32	gifts	gift	NOUN
ape-4776	41	33	either	either	CCONJ
ape-4776	41	34	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	41	35	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	41	36	day	day	NOUN
ape-4776	41	37	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	41	38	before	before	ADP
ape-4776	41	39	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	41	40	day	day	NOUN
ape-4776	41	41	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	42	1	according	accord	VERB
ape-4776	42	2	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	42	3	schaffer	schaffer	PROPN
ape-4776	42	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	42	5	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4776	42	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	42	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	42	8	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	42	9	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	42	10	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	42	11	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	42	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	42	13	its	its	PRON
ape-4776	42	14	literal	literal	ADJ
ape-4776	42	15	sense	sense	NOUN
ape-4776	42	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	42	17	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	42	18	a	a	DET
ape-4776	42	19	simple	simple	ADJ
ape-4776	42	20	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4776	42	21	exchange	exchange	NOUN
ape-4776	42	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	42	23	wherein	wherein	SCONJ
ape-4776	42	24	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-4776	42	25	sell	sell	VERB
ape-4776	42	26	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	42	27	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	42	28	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	42	29	candidates	candidate	NOUN
ape-4776	42	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	42	31	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
ape-4776	42	32	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	42	33	the	the	DET
ape-4776	42	34	highest	high	ADJ
ape-4776	42	35	bidder	bidder	NOUN
ape-4776	42	36	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	42	37	an	an	DET
ape-4776	42	38	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	42	39	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	42	40	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	43	1	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	43	2	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	43	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	43	4	a	a	DET
ape-4776	43	5	complex	complex	ADJ
ape-4776	43	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	43	7	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
ape-4776	43	8	problem	problem	NOUN
ape-4776	43	9	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	43	10	erodes	erode	VERB
ape-4776	43	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	43	12	tenets	tenet	NOUN
ape-4776	43	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	43	14	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	43	15	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	43	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	43	17	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	43	18	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	43	19	mostly	mostly	ADV
ape-4776	43	20	determined	determine	VERB
ape-4776	43	21	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	43	22	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ape-4776	43	23	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4776	43	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	43	25	the	the	DET
ape-4776	43	26	type	type	NOUN
ape-4776	43	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	43	28	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	43	29	system	system	NOUN
ape-4776	43	30	operated	operate	VERB
ape-4776	43	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	1	according	accord	VERB
ape-4776	44	2	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	44	3	emmanuel	emmanuel	PROPN
ape-4776	44	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	5	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4776	44	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	8	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	44	9	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	10	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	44	11	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	44	12	a	a	DET
ape-4776	44	13	simple	simple	ADJ
ape-4776	44	14	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4776	44	15	bargain	bargain	NOUN
ape-4776	44	16	where	where	SCONJ
ape-4776	44	17	the	the	DET
ape-4776	44	18	electorate	electorate	ADJ
ape-4776	44	19	‘	'	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	20	sell	sell	NOUN
ape-4776	44	21	’	'	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	22	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	44	23	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	44	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	44	25	‘	'	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	26	candidates	candidate	NOUN
ape-4776	44	27	’	'	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	28	‘	'	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	29	buy	buy	VERB
ape-4776	44	30	’	'	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	32	like	like	SCONJ
ape-4776	44	33	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	44	34	buy	buy	VERB
ape-4776	44	35	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	44	36	sell	sell	VERB
ape-4776	44	37	apples	apple	NOUN
ape-4776	44	38	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	39	shoes	shoe	NOUN
ape-4776	44	40	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	44	41	television	television	NOUN
ape-4776	44	42	sets	set	NOUN
ape-4776	44	43	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	44	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	45	1	3.1	3.1	NUM
ape-4776	45	2	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	45	3	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	45	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	45	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	45	6	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	45	7	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	45	8	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	45	9	a	a	DET
ape-4776	45	10	hydra	hydra	NOUN
ape-4776	45	11	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	45	12	headed	head	VERB
ape-4776	45	13	monster	monster	NOUN
ape-4776	45	14	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	45	15	crept	creep	VERB
ape-4776	45	16	into	into	ADP
ape-4776	45	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	45	18	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	45	19	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	45	20	system	system	NOUN
ape-4776	45	21	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	45	22	its	its	PRON
ape-4776	45	23	attendant	attendant	ADJ
ape-4776	45	24	effects	effect	NOUN
ape-4776	45	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	45	26	implications	implication	NOUN
ape-4776	45	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	46	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	46	2	the	the	DET
ape-4776	46	3	first	first	ADJ
ape-4776	46	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	46	5	1963	1963	NUM
ape-4776	46	6	-	-	SYM
ape-4776	46	7	1966	1966	NUM
ape-4776	46	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	46	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	46	10	second	second	ADJ
ape-4776	46	11	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	46	12	1979	1979	NUM
ape-4776	46	13	-	-	SYM
ape-4776	46	14	1983	1983	NUM
ape-4776	46	15	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	46	16	republics	republic	NOUN
ape-4776	46	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	46	18	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4776	46	19	got	get	AUX
ape-4776	46	20	consolidated	consolidate	VERB
ape-4776	46	21	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	46	22	the	the	DET
ape-4776	46	23	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ape-4776	46	24	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4776	46	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	47	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	47	2	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	47	3	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	47	4	stands	stand	VERB
ape-4776	47	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	47	6	direct	direct	ADJ
ape-4776	47	7	opposition	opposition	NOUN
ape-4776	47	8	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	47	9	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	47	10	principles	principle	NOUN
ape-4776	47	11	inhibits	inhibit	VERB
ape-4776	47	12	good	good	ADJ
ape-4776	47	13	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	47	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	47	15	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	47	16	a	a	DET
ape-4776	47	17	forerunner	forerunner	NOUN
ape-4776	47	18	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	47	19	mediocrity	mediocrity	NOUN
ape-4776	47	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	47	21	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	47	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	48	1	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	48	2	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	48	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	48	4	a	a	DET
ape-4776	48	5	criminal	criminal	ADJ
ape-4776	48	6	offense	offense	NOUN
ape-4776	48	7	punishable	punishable	ADJ
ape-4776	48	8	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	48	9	law	law	NOUN
ape-4776	48	10	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	48	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	48	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	48	13	however	however	ADV
ape-4776	48	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	48	15	even	even	ADV
ape-4776	48	16	the	the	DET
ape-4776	48	17	law	law	NOUN
ape-4776	48	18	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ape-4776	48	19	agencies	agency	NOUN
ape-4776	48	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	48	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	48	22	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	48	23	body	body	NOUN
ape-4776	48	24	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	48	25	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	48	26	constitutionally	constitutionally	ADV
ape-4776	48	27	empowered	empower	VERB
ape-4776	48	28	to	to	PART
ape-4776	48	29	curb	curb	VERB
ape-4776	48	30	the	the	DET
ape-4776	48	31	menace	menace	NOUN
ape-4776	48	32	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	48	33	the	the	DET
ape-4776	48	34	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	48	35	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	48	36	all	all	ADV
ape-4776	48	37	enmeshed	enmeshed	ADJ
ape-4776	48	38	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	48	39	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	48	40	compromised	compromise	VERB
ape-4776	48	41	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	48	42	one	one	NUM
ape-4776	48	43	way	way	NOUN
ape-4776	48	44	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	48	45	the	the	DET
ape-4776	48	46	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	48	47	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	48	48	aiding	aid	VERB
ape-4776	48	49	the	the	DET
ape-4776	48	50	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	48	51	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	49	2	provided	provide	VERB
ape-4776	49	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	49	4	article	article	NOUN
ape-4776	49	5	130	130	NUM
ape-4776	49	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	49	7	the	the	DET
ape-4776	49	8	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	49	9	act	act	NOUN
ape-4776	49	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	49	11	2010	2010	NUM
ape-4776	49	12	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	13	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	14	a	a	DET
ape-4776	49	15	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	49	16	who	who	PRON
ape-4776	49	17	corruptly	corruptly	ADV
ape-4776	49	18	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	49	19	himself	himself	PRON
ape-4776	49	20	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	21	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	49	22	any	any	DET
ape-4776	49	23	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	49	24	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	49	25	at	at	ADP
ape-4776	49	26	any	any	DET
ape-4776	49	27	time	time	NOUN
ape-4776	49	28	after	after	SCONJ
ape-4776	49	29	the	the	DET
ape-4776	49	30	date	date	NOUN
ape-4776	49	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	49	32	an	an	DET
ape-4776	49	33	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	49	34	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	49	35	been	be	AUX
ape-4776	49	36	announced	announce	VERB
ape-4776	49	37	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	38	directly	directly	ADV
ape-4776	49	39	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	40	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
ape-4776	49	41	gives	give	VERB
ape-4776	49	42	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	43	provides	provide	VERB
ape-4776	49	44	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	45	pays	pay	VERB
ape-4776	49	46	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	49	47	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	49	48	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	49	for	for	SCONJ
ape-4776	49	50	any	any	DET
ape-4776	49	51	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	49	52	to	to	PART
ape-4776	49	53	corruptly	corruptly	ADV
ape-4776	49	54	influence	influence	VERB
ape-4776	49	55	that	that	DET
ape-4776	49	56	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	49	57	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	58	any	any	DET
ape-4776	49	59	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	49	60	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	49	61	to	to	PART
ape-4776	49	62	vote	vote	VERB
ape-4776	49	63	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	64	refrain	refrain	VERB
ape-4776	49	65	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	49	66	voting	vote	VERB
ape-4776	49	67	at	at	ADP
ape-4776	49	68	such	such	ADJ
ape-4776	49	69	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	49	70	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	71	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	72	an	an	DET
ape-4776	49	73	account	account	NOUN
ape-4776	49	74	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	49	75	such	such	ADJ
ape-4776	49	76	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	49	77	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	78	any	any	DET
ape-4776	49	79	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	49	80	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	49	81	having	having	AUX
ape-4776	49	82	voted	vote	VERB
ape-4776	49	83	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	84	refrained	refrain	VERB
ape-4776	49	85	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	49	86	voting	vote	VERB
ape-4776	49	87	at	at	ADP
ape-4776	49	88	such	such	ADJ
ape-4776	49	89	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	49	90	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	91	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	92	being	be	AUX
ape-4776	49	93	a	a	DET
ape-4776	49	94	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-4776	49	95	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	96	corruptly	corruptly	ADV
ape-4776	49	97	accepts	accept	VERB
ape-4776	49	98	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	99	takes	take	VERB
ape-4776	49	100	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	49	101	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	102	any	any	DET
ape-4776	49	103	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	49	104	inducement	inducement	NOUN
ape-4776	49	105	during	during	ADP
ape-4776	49	106	any	any	PRON
ape-4776	49	107	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	49	108	the	the	DET
ape-4776	49	109	periods	period	NOUN
ape-4776	49	110	stated	state	VERB
ape-4776	49	111	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	49	112	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN
ape-4776	49	113	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	114	a	a	NOUN
ape-4776	49	115	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	116	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	49	117	this	this	DET
ape-4776	49	118	section	section	NOUN
ape-4776	49	119	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	120	commits	commit	VERB
ape-4776	49	121	an	an	DET
ape-4776	49	122	offense	offense	NOUN
ape-4776	49	123	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	124	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	49	125	liable	liable	ADJ
ape-4776	49	126	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	49	127	conviction	conviction	NOUN
ape-4776	49	128	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	49	129	fine	fine	NOUN
ape-4776	49	130	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	49	131	one	one	NUM
ape-4776	49	132	hundred	hundred	NUM
ape-4776	49	133	thousand	thousand	NUM
ape-4776	49	134	naira	naira	NOUN
ape-4776	49	135	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	136	n100,000	n100,000	ADJ
ape-4776	49	137	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	138	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	139	12	12	NUM
ape-4776	49	140	months	month	NOUN
ape-4776	49	141	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	49	142	imprisonment	imprisonment	NOUN
ape-4776	49	143	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	49	144	both	both	PRON
ape-4776	49	145	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	49	146	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	50	1	adherence	adherence	NOUN
ape-4776	50	2	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	50	3	been	be	AUX
ape-4776	50	4	a	a	DET
ape-4776	50	5	herculean	herculean	ADJ
ape-4776	50	6	task	task	NOUN
ape-4776	50	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	51	1	d	d	X
ape-4776	51	2	despite	despite	SCONJ
ape-4776	51	3	this	this	DET
ape-4776	51	4	provision	provision	NOUN
ape-4776	51	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	51	6	the	the	DET
ape-4776	51	7	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	51	8	act	act	NOUN
ape-4776	51	9	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	51	10	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
ape-4776	51	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	51	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	51	13	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	51	14	ekiti	ekiti	ADJ
ape-4776	51	15	governorship	governorship	NOUN
ape-4776	51	16	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	51	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	51	18	where	where	SCONJ
ape-4776	51	19	several	several	ADJ
ape-4776	51	20	video	video	NOUN
ape-4776	51	21	recordings	recording	NOUN
ape-4776	51	22	emerged	emerge	VERB
ape-4776	51	23	showing	show	VERB
ape-4776	51	24	the	the	DET
ape-4776	51	25	brazen	brazen	ADJ
ape-4776	51	26	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ape-4776	51	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	51	28	cash	cash	NOUN
ape-4776	51	29	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	51	30	the	the	DET
ape-4776	51	31	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-4776	51	32	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	51	33	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-4776	51	34	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	51	35	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	51	36	agents	agent	NOUN
ape-4776	51	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	52	1	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	52	2	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	52	3	days	day	NOUN
ape-4776	52	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	52	5	cash	cash	NOUN
ape-4776	52	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	52	7	consumable	consumable	ADJ
ape-4776	52	8	materials	material	NOUN
ape-4776	52	9	such	such	ADJ
ape-4776	52	10	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	52	11	food	food	NOUN
ape-4776	52	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	52	13	clothing	clothing	NOUN
ape-4776	52	14	materials	material	NOUN
ape-4776	52	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	52	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	52	17	fertilizers	fertilizer	NOUN
ape-4776	52	18	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	52	19	also	also	ADV
ape-4776	52	20	part	part	NOUN
ape-4776	52	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	52	22	the	the	DET
ape-4776	52	23	inducement	inducement	NOUN
ape-4776	52	24	given	give	VERB
ape-4776	52	25	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	52	26	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-4776	52	27	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	52	28	ayayi	ayayi	ADJ
ape-4776	52	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	52	30	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	52	31	habu	habu	NOUN
ape-4776	52	32	et	et	PROPN
ape-4776	52	33	al	al	PROPN
ape-4776	52	34	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	52	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	52	36	2021	2021	NUM
ape-4776	52	37	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	52	38	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4776	52	39	95	95	NUM
ape-4776	52	40	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	52	41	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	53	1	though	though	SCONJ
ape-4776	53	2	the	the	DET
ape-4776	53	3	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	53	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	53	5	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	53	6	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	53	7	buying	buy	VERB
ape-4776	53	8	centers	center	NOUN
ape-4776	53	9	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	53	10	giving	give	VERB
ape-4776	53	11	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	53	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	53	13	material	material	NOUN
ape-4776	53	14	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ape-4776	53	15	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	53	16	the	the	DET
ape-4776	53	17	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-4776	53	18	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	53	19	the	the	DET
ape-4776	53	20	candidates	candidate	NOUN
ape-4776	53	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	53	22	parties	party	NOUN
ape-4776	53	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	53	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	53	25	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	53	26	supporters	supporter	NOUN
ape-4776	53	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	53	28	there	there	PRON
ape-4776	53	29	are	be	VERB
ape-4776	53	30	various	various	ADJ
ape-4776	53	31	variants	variant	NOUN
ape-4776	53	32	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	53	33	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	53	34	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	53	35	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	53	36	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	53	37	cuts	cut	VERB
ape-4776	53	38	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4776	53	39	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4776	53	40	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	53	41	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	53	42	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	53	43	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4776	53	44	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4776	53	45	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	54	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4776	54	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	54	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4776	54	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4776	54	5	2	2	NUM
ape-4776	54	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	54	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	54	8	84	84	NUM
ape-4776	54	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4776	54	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	54	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4776	54	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4776	54	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	54	14	across	across	ADP
ape-4776	54	15	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	54	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	54	17	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4776	54	18	environments	environment	NOUN
ape-4776	54	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	55	1	direct	direct	ADJ
ape-4776	55	2	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	55	3	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	55	4	buying	buy	VERB
ape-4776	55	5	indirect	indirect	ADJ
ape-4776	55	6	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	55	7	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	55	8	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	55	9	treating	treating	NOUN
ape-4776	55	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	55	11	abstention	abstention	NOUN
ape-4776	55	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	55	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	55	14	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-4776	55	15	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	55	16	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	55	17	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	55	18	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	55	19	some	some	DET
ape-4776	55	20	commonest	commonest	NOUN
ape-4776	55	21	methods	method	NOUN
ape-4776	55	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	55	23	commercial	commercial	ADJ
ape-4776	55	24	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-4776	55	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	56	1	however	however	ADV
ape-4776	56	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	56	3	direct	direct	ADJ
ape-4776	56	4	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	56	5	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	56	6	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	56	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	56	8	treating	treating	NOUN
ape-4776	56	9	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	56	10	the	the	DET
ape-4776	56	11	commonest	commonest	NOUN
ape-4776	56	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	56	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	56	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	57	1	treating	treat	VERB
ape-4776	57	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	57	3	according	accord	VERB
ape-4776	57	4	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	57	5	section	section	NOUN
ape-4776	57	6	128	128	NUM
ape-4776	57	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	57	8	the	the	DET
ape-4776	57	9	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	57	10	act	act	NOUN
ape-4776	57	11	2002	2002	NUM
ape-4776	57	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	57	13	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	57	14	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	57	15	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	57	16	when	when	SCONJ
ape-4776	57	17	a	a	DET
ape-4776	57	18	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	57	19	corruptly	corruptly	ADV
ape-4776	57	20	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	57	21	himself	himself	PRON
ape-4776	57	22	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	23	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	57	24	any	any	DET
ape-4776	57	25	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	57	26	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	57	27	at	at	ADP
ape-4776	57	28	any	any	DET
ape-4776	57	29	time	time	NOUN
ape-4776	57	30	after	after	SCONJ
ape-4776	57	31	the	the	DET
ape-4776	57	32	date	date	NOUN
ape-4776	57	33	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	57	34	an	an	DET
ape-4776	57	35	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	57	36	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	57	37	been	be	AUX
ape-4776	57	38	announced	announce	VERB
ape-4776	57	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	57	40	directly	directly	ADV
ape-4776	57	41	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	42	indirectly	indirectly	ADV
ape-4776	57	43	gives	give	VERB
ape-4776	57	44	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	45	provides	provide	VERB
ape-4776	57	46	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	47	pays	pay	VERB
ape-4776	57	48	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	57	49	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	57	50	any	any	DET
ape-4776	57	51	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	57	52	to	to	PART
ape-4776	57	53	influence	influence	VERB
ape-4776	57	54	that	that	DET
ape-4776	57	55	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	57	56	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	57	any	any	DET
ape-4776	57	58	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	57	59	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	57	60	to	to	PART
ape-4776	57	61	vote	vote	VERB
ape-4776	57	62	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	63	refrain	refrain	VERB
ape-4776	57	64	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	57	65	voting	vote	VERB
ape-4776	57	66	at	at	ADP
ape-4776	57	67	such	such	ADJ
ape-4776	57	68	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	57	69	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	57	70	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	71	an	an	DET
ape-4776	57	72	account	account	NOUN
ape-4776	57	73	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	57	74	such	such	ADJ
ape-4776	57	75	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	57	76	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	77	any	any	DET
ape-4776	57	78	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	57	79	person	person	NOUN
ape-4776	57	80	having	having	AUX
ape-4776	57	81	voted	vote	VERB
ape-4776	57	82	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	83	refrain	refrain	VERB
ape-4776	57	84	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	57	85	voting	vote	VERB
ape-4776	57	86	at	at	ADP
ape-4776	57	87	such	such	ADJ
ape-4776	57	88	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	57	89	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	90	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	57	91	b	b	NOUN
ape-4776	57	92	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	57	93	being	be	AUX
ape-4776	57	94	a	a	DET
ape-4776	57	95	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-4776	57	96	corruptly	corruptly	ADV
ape-4776	57	97	accepts	accept	VERB
ape-4776	57	98	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	99	takes	take	VERB
ape-4776	57	100	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	57	101	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	57	102	any	any	DET
ape-4776	57	103	other	other	ADJ
ape-4776	57	104	inducement	inducement	NOUN
ape-4776	57	105	during	during	ADP
ape-4776	57	106	any	any	PRON
ape-4776	57	107	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	57	108	the	the	DET
ape-4776	57	109	periods	period	NOUN
ape-4776	57	110	stated	state	VERB
ape-4776	57	111	above	above	ADP
ape-4776	57	112	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	57	113	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	58	1	treating	treat	VERB
ape-4776	58	2	could	could	AUX
ape-4776	58	3	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	58	4	treated	treat	VERB
ape-4776	58	5	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	58	6	an	an	DET
ape-4776	58	7	independent	independent	ADJ
ape-4776	58	8	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	58	9	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	58	10	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	58	11	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	58	12	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	58	13	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4776	58	14	because	because	SCONJ
ape-4776	58	15	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	58	16	occurs	occur	VERB
ape-4776	58	17	penultimately	penultimately	ADV
ape-4776	58	18	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	58	19	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	58	20	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	58	21	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	58	22	treated	treat	VERB
ape-4776	58	23	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	58	24	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ape-4776	58	25	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	58	26	an	an	DET
ape-4776	58	27	aspect	aspect	NOUN
ape-4776	58	28	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	58	29	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	58	30	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	58	31	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	58	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	59	1	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	59	2	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	59	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	59	4	fast	fast	ADV
ape-4776	59	5	becoming	become	VERB
ape-4776	59	6	an	an	DET
ape-4776	59	7	accepted	accepted	ADJ
ape-4776	59	8	practice	practice	NOUN
ape-4776	59	9	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	59	10	an	an	DET
ape-4776	59	11	obvious	obvious	ADJ
ape-4776	59	12	threat	threat	NOUN
ape-4776	59	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	59	14	truncating	truncate	VERB
ape-4776	59	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	59	16	country	country	NOUN
ape-4776	59	17	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	59	18	nascent	nascent	ADJ
ape-4776	59	19	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	59	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	59	21	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	59	22	the	the	DET
ape-4776	59	23	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	59	24	gets	get	AUX
ape-4776	59	25	intensified	intensify	VERB
ape-4776	59	26	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	59	27	every	every	DET
ape-4776	59	28	periodic	periodic	ADJ
ape-4776	59	29	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	59	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	60	1	osita	osita	PROPN
ape-4776	60	2	chidoka	chidoka	PROPN
ape-4776	60	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	60	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	60	5	governorship	governorship	NOUN
ape-4776	60	6	candidate	candidate	NOUN
ape-4776	60	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	60	8	the	the	DET
ape-4776	60	9	upp	upp	PROPN
ape-4776	60	10	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	60	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	60	12	november	november	PROPN
ape-4776	60	13	18th	18th	NOUN
ape-4776	60	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	60	15	2017	2017	NUM
ape-4776	60	16	anambra	anambra	PROPN
ape-4776	60	17	governorship	governorship	NOUN
ape-4776	60	18	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	60	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	60	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	60	21	announcing	announce	VERB
ape-4776	60	22	his	his	PRON
ape-4776	60	23	decision	decision	NOUN
ape-4776	60	24	not	not	PART
ape-4776	60	25	to	to	PART
ape-4776	60	26	contest	contest	VERB
ape-4776	60	27	the	the	DET
ape-4776	60	28	result	result	NOUN
ape-4776	60	29	stated	state	VERB
ape-4776	60	30	thus	thus	ADV
ape-4776	60	31	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	60	32	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	60	33	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	60	34	traded	trade	VERB
ape-4776	60	35	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	60	36	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	60	37	because	because	SCONJ
ape-4776	60	38	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	60	39	doubted	doubt	VERB
ape-4776	60	40	we	we	PRON
ape-4776	60	41	would	would	AUX
ape-4776	60	42	truly	truly	ADV
ape-4776	60	43	represent	represent	VERB
ape-4776	60	44	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	60	45	interest	interest	NOUN
ape-4776	60	46	while	while	SCONJ
ape-4776	60	47	our	our	PRON
ape-4776	60	48	message	message	NOUN
ape-4776	60	49	resonated	resonate	VERB
ape-4776	60	50	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	60	51	the	the	DET
ape-4776	60	52	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	60	53	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	60	54	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	60	55	doubted	doubt	VERB
ape-4776	60	56	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	60	57	the	the	DET
ape-4776	60	58	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	60	59	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	60	60	cared	care	VERB
ape-4776	60	61	about	about	ADP
ape-4776	60	62	them	they	PRON
ape-4776	60	63	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	61	1	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	61	2	voted	vote	VERB
ape-4776	61	3	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	61	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	61	5	highest	high	ADJ
ape-4776	61	6	bidder	bidder	NOUN
ape-4776	61	7	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	61	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	62	1	today	today	NOUN
ape-4776	62	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	62	3	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	62	4	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	62	5	widely	widely	ADV
ape-4776	62	6	believed	believe	VERB
ape-4776	62	7	the	the	DET
ape-4776	62	8	unpopular	unpopular	ADJ
ape-4776	62	9	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	62	10	elites	elite	NOUN
ape-4776	62	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	62	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	62	13	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	62	14	made	make	VERB
ape-4776	62	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	62	16	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	62	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	62	18	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	62	19	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	62	20	buying	buy	VERB
ape-4776	62	21	a	a	DET
ape-4776	62	22	major	major	ADJ
ape-4776	62	23	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ape-4776	62	24	to	to	PART
ape-4776	62	25	win	win	VERB
ape-4776	62	26	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	62	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	63	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	63	2	was	be	AUX
ape-4776	63	3	thought	think	VERB
ape-4776	63	4	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	63	5	after	after	ADP
ape-4776	63	6	the	the	DET
ape-4776	63	7	nationwide	nationwide	ADJ
ape-4776	63	8	condemnation	condemnation	NOUN
ape-4776	63	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	63	10	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	63	11	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	63	12	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	63	13	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	63	14	the	the	DET
ape-4776	63	15	anambra	anambra	PROPN
ape-4776	63	16	november	november	PROPN
ape-4776	63	17	18th	18th	ADJ
ape-4776	63	18	governorship	governorship	NOUN
ape-4776	63	19	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	63	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	63	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	63	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	63	23	state	state	PROPN
ape-4776	63	24	would	would	AUX
ape-4776	63	25	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	63	26	clamped	clamp	VERB
ape-4776	63	27	down	down	ADP
ape-4776	63	28	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	63	29	the	the	DET
ape-4776	63	30	perpetrators	perpetrator	NOUN
ape-4776	63	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	63	32	the	the	DET
ape-4776	63	33	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	63	34	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	63	35	provided	provide	VERB
ape-4776	63	36	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	63	37	law	law	NOUN
ape-4776	63	38	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	63	39	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4776	63	40	contrariwise	contrariwise	ADV
ape-4776	63	41	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	63	42	was	be	AUX
ape-4776	63	43	replicated	replicate	VERB
ape-4776	63	44	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	63	45	the	the	DET
ape-4776	63	46	ekiti	ekiti	ADJ
ape-4776	63	47	governorship	governorship	NOUN
ape-4776	63	48	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	63	49	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	63	50	july	july	PROPN
ape-4776	63	51	14th	14th	NUM
ape-4776	63	52	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	63	53	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	63	54	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	63	55	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	63	56	cases	case	NOUN
ape-4776	63	57	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	63	58	commercial	commercial	ADJ
ape-4776	63	59	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-4776	63	60	emerged	emerge	VERB
ape-4776	63	61	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	63	62	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	63	63	the	the	DET
ape-4776	63	64	ruling	rule	VERB
ape-4776	63	65	apc	apc	PROPN
ape-4776	63	66	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	63	67	the	the	DET
ape-4776	63	68	major	major	ADJ
ape-4776	63	69	opposition	opposition	NOUN
ape-4776	63	70	pdp	pdp	PROPN
ape-4776	63	71	allegedly	allegedly	ADV
ape-4776	63	72	involved	involve	VERB
ape-4776	63	73	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	63	74	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	63	75	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	63	76	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	63	77	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	64	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4776	64	2	was	be	AUX
ape-4776	64	3	aptly	aptly	ADV
ape-4776	64	4	captured	capture	VERB
ape-4776	64	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	64	6	the	the	DET
ape-4776	64	7	vanguard	vanguard	NOUN
ape-4776	64	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	64	9	july	july	PROPN
ape-4776	64	10	15th	15th	NOUN
ape-4776	64	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	64	12	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	64	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	64	14	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	64	15	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	64	16	ekiti	ekiti	ADJ
ape-4776	64	17	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	64	18	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	64	19	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	64	20	ayemi	ayemi	NOUN
ape-4776	64	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	64	22	eleka	eleka	NOUN
ape-4776	64	23	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	64	24	tight	tight	ADJ
ape-4776	64	25	race	race	NOUN
ape-4776	64	26	amid	amid	ADP
ape-4776	64	27	ballot	ballot	NOUN
ape-4776	64	28	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	64	29	snatching	snatch	VERB
ape-4776	64	30	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	64	31	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	64	32	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	64	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	65	1	according	accord	VERB
ape-4776	65	2	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	65	3	the	the	DET
ape-4776	65	4	vanguard	vanguard	PROPN
ape-4776	65	5	account	account	PROPN
ape-4776	65	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	65	7	no	no	ADV
ape-4776	65	8	fewer	few	ADJ
ape-4776	65	9	than	than	ADP
ape-4776	65	10	five	five	NUM
ape-4776	65	11	persons	person	NOUN
ape-4776	65	12	were	be	AUX
ape-4776	65	13	arrested	arrest	VERB
ape-4776	65	14	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	65	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	65	16	police	police	NOUN
ape-4776	65	17	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	65	18	ado	ado	NOUN
ape-4776	65	19	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	65	20	ekiti	ekiti	NOUN
ape-4776	65	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	65	22	the	the	DET
ape-4776	65	23	ekiti	ekiti	ADJ
ape-4776	65	24	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	65	25	capital	capital	NOUN
ape-4776	65	26	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	65	27	allegedly	allegedly	ADV
ape-4776	65	28	distributing	distribute	VERB
ape-4776	65	29	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	65	30	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-4776	65	31	financial	financial	ADJ
ape-4776	65	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	65	33	material	material	NOUN
ape-4776	65	34	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ape-4776	65	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	65	36	during	during	ADP
ape-4776	65	37	the	the	DET
ape-4776	65	38	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	65	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	65	40	linked	link	VERB
ape-4776	65	41	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	65	42	the	the	DET
ape-4776	65	43	ruling	rule	VERB
ape-4776	65	44	apc	apc	PROPN
ape-4776	65	45	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	65	46	pdp	pdp	PROPN
ape-4776	65	47	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	66	1	this	this	DET
ape-4776	66	2	display	display	NOUN
ape-4776	66	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	66	4	desperation	desperation	NOUN
ape-4776	66	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	66	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	66	7	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	66	8	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	66	9	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	66	10	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	66	11	not	not	PART
ape-4776	66	12	unconnected	unconnected	ADJ
ape-4776	66	13	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	66	14	the	the	DET
ape-4776	66	15	attractive	attractive	ADJ
ape-4776	66	16	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-4776	66	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	66	18	elective	elective	ADJ
ape-4776	66	19	positions	position	NOUN
ape-4776	66	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	66	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	66	22	country	country	NOUN
ape-4776	66	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	67	2	cletus	cletus	PROPN
ape-4776	67	3	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	4	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	67	5	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	6	explains	explain	VERB
ape-4776	67	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	8	due	due	ADP
ape-4776	67	9	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	67	10	the	the	DET
ape-4776	67	11	juicy	juicy	ADJ
ape-4776	67	12	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-4776	67	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	67	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	67	15	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	67	16	elective	elective	ADJ
ape-4776	67	17	positions	position	NOUN
ape-4776	67	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	19	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	67	20	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	67	21	competitive	competitive	ADJ
ape-4776	67	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	23	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	67	24	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-4776	67	25	deploying	deploy	VERB
ape-4776	67	26	various	various	ADJ
ape-4776	67	27	measures	measure	NOUN
ape-4776	67	28	to	to	PART
ape-4776	67	29	win	win	VERB
ape-4776	67	30	including	include	VERB
ape-4776	67	31	violence	violence	NOUN
ape-4776	67	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	33	commercial	commercial	ADJ
ape-4776	67	34	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-4776	67	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	36	intimidation	intimidation	NOUN
ape-4776	67	37	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	38	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ape-4776	67	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	40	outright	outright	ADJ
ape-4776	67	41	rigging	rigging	NOUN
ape-4776	67	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	43	etc	etc	X
ape-4776	67	44	.	.	X
ape-4776	67	45	though	though	SCONJ
ape-4776	67	46	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	67	47	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	48	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	67	49	appears	appear	VERB
ape-4776	67	50	to	to	PART
ape-4776	67	51	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	67	52	devoid	devoid	ADJ
ape-4776	67	53	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	67	54	some	some	PRON
ape-4776	67	55	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	67	56	these	these	DET
ape-4776	67	57	measures	measure	NOUN
ape-4776	67	58	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	67	59	its	its	PRON
ape-4776	67	60	multiplying	multiply	VERB
ape-4776	67	61	effect	effect	NOUN
ape-4776	67	62	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	67	63	inherently	inherently	ADV
ape-4776	67	64	more	more	ADV
ape-4776	67	65	damaging	damaging	ADJ
ape-4776	67	66	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	67	67	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	67	68	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	67	69	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	67	70	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	67	71	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	68	1	dr	dr	PROPN
ape-4776	68	2	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	68	3	joe	joe	PROPN
ape-4776	68	4	odumakin	odumakin	PROPN
ape-4776	68	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	68	6	president	president	NOUN
ape-4776	68	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	68	8	the	the	DET
ape-4776	68	9	women	woman	NOUN
ape-4776	68	10	arise	arise	VERB
ape-4776	68	11	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	68	12	change	change	NOUN
ape-4776	68	13	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ape-4776	68	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	68	15	one	one	NUM
ape-4776	68	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	68	17	the	the	DET
ape-4776	68	18	observer	observer	NOUN
ape-4776	68	19	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4776	68	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	68	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	68	22	ekiti	ekiti	ADJ
ape-4776	68	23	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	68	24	said	say	VERB
ape-4776	68	25	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4776	68	26	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	68	27	the	the	DET
ape-4776	68	28	incidences	incidence	NOUN
ape-4776	68	29	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	68	30	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	68	31	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	68	32	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	68	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	68	34	inducement	inducement	NOUN
ape-4776	68	35	became	become	VERB
ape-4776	68	36	so	so	ADV
ape-4776	68	37	prominent	prominent	ADJ
ape-4776	68	38	than	than	SCONJ
ape-4776	68	39	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	68	40	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	68	41	ever	ever	ADV
ape-4776	68	42	been	be	AUX
ape-4776	68	43	during	during	ADP
ape-4776	68	44	the	the	DET
ape-4776	68	45	ekiti	ekiti	ADJ
ape-4776	68	46	governorship	governorship	NOUN
ape-4776	68	47	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	68	48	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	68	49	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	68	50	this	this	PRON
ape-4776	68	51	portends	portend	VERB
ape-4776	68	52	danger	danger	NOUN
ape-4776	68	53	not	not	PART
ape-4776	68	54	only	only	ADV
ape-4776	68	55	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	68	56	our	our	PRON
ape-4776	68	57	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	68	58	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4776	68	59	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4776	68	60	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	68	61	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	68	62	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	68	63	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4776	68	64	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4776	68	65	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	69	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4776	69	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	69	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4776	69	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4776	69	5	2	2	NUM
ape-4776	69	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	69	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	69	8	85	85	NUM
ape-4776	69	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4776	69	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	69	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4776	69	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4776	69	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	69	14	process	process	NOUN
ape-4776	69	15	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4776	69	16	also	also	ADV
ape-4776	69	17	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	69	18	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	69	19	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	69	20	a	a	DET
ape-4776	69	21	whole	whole	NOUN
ape-4776	69	22	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	69	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	70	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	70	2	will	will	AUX
ape-4776	70	3	not	not	PART
ape-4776	70	4	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	70	5	out	out	ADP
ape-4776	70	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	70	7	place	place	NOUN
ape-4776	70	8	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	70	9	one	one	NUM
ape-4776	70	10	to	to	PART
ape-4776	70	11	declare	declare	VERB
ape-4776	70	12	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	70	13	authoritative	authoritative	ADJ
ape-4776	70	14	finality	finality	NOUN
ape-4776	70	15	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	70	16	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	70	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	70	18	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	70	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	70	20	a	a	DET
ape-4776	70	21	problem	problem	NOUN
ape-4776	70	22	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	70	23	if	if	SCONJ
ape-4776	70	24	the	the	DET
ape-4776	70	25	incidences	incidence	NOUN
ape-4776	70	26	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	70	27	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	70	28	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	70	29	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	70	30	could	could	AUX
ape-4776	70	31	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	70	32	carried	carry	VERB
ape-4776	70	33	out	out	ADP
ape-4776	70	34	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	70	35	the	the	DET
ape-4776	70	36	country	country	NOUN
ape-4776	70	37	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	70	38	unrestrained	unrestrained	ADJ
ape-4776	70	39	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ape-4776	70	40	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	70	41	the	the	DET
ape-4776	70	42	glaring	glaring	NOUN
ape-4776	70	43	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	70	44	security	security	NOUN
ape-4776	70	45	agents	agent	NOUN
ape-4776	70	46	who	who	PRON
ape-4776	70	47	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	70	48	the	the	DET
ape-4776	70	49	custodians	custodian	NOUN
ape-4776	70	50	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	70	51	the	the	DET
ape-4776	70	52	law	law	NOUN
ape-4776	70	53	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	71	1	according	accord	VERB
ape-4776	71	2	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	71	3	abiodum	abiodum	PROPN
ape-4776	71	4	aluko	aluko	PROPN
ape-4776	71	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	71	6	the	the	DET
ape-4776	71	7	accord	accord	NOUN
ape-4776	71	8	party	party	NOUN
ape-4776	71	9	governorship	governorship	NOUN
ape-4776	71	10	candidate	candidate	NOUN
ape-4776	71	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	71	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	71	13	ekiti	ekiti	ADJ
ape-4776	71	14	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	71	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	71	16	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	71	17	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	71	18	security	security	NOUN
ape-4776	71	19	agents	agent	NOUN
ape-4776	71	20	turned	turn	VERB
ape-4776	71	21	blind	blind	ADJ
ape-4776	71	22	eye	eye	NOUN
ape-4776	71	23	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	71	24	the	the	DET
ape-4776	71	25	open	open	ADJ
ape-4776	71	26	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ape-4776	71	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	71	28	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	71	29	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	71	30	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-4776	71	31	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	71	32	the	the	DET
ape-4776	71	33	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-4776	71	34	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	71	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	72	1	this	this	DET
ape-4776	72	2	trend	trend	NOUN
ape-4776	72	3	distorts	distort	VERB
ape-4776	72	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	72	5	country	country	NOUN
ape-4776	72	6	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	72	7	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	72	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	72	9	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	72	10	redefined	redefine	VERB
ape-4776	72	11	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	72	12	into	into	ADP
ape-4776	72	13	a	a	DET
ape-4776	72	14	mere	mere	ADJ
ape-4776	72	15	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ape-4776	72	16	expression	expression	NOUN
ape-4776	72	17	devoid	devoid	ADJ
ape-4776	72	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	72	19	the	the	DET
ape-4776	72	20	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ape-4776	72	21	principles	principle	NOUN
ape-4776	72	22	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	72	23	practical	practical	ADJ
ape-4776	72	24	terms	term	NOUN
ape-4776	72	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	73	1	these	these	DET
ape-4776	73	2	ugly	ugly	ADJ
ape-4776	73	3	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	73	4	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	73	5	experienced	experience	VERB
ape-4776	73	6	at	at	ADP
ape-4776	73	7	various	various	ADJ
ape-4776	73	8	levels	level	NOUN
ape-4776	73	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	73	10	government	government	NOUN
ape-4776	73	11	including	include	VERB
ape-4776	73	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	73	13	legislative	legislative	ADJ
ape-4776	73	14	houses	house	NOUN
ape-4776	73	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	73	16	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	73	17	members	member	NOUN
ape-4776	73	18	influenced	influence	VERB
ape-4776	73	19	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	73	20	monetary	monetary	ADJ
ape-4776	73	21	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ape-4776	73	22	to	to	PART
ape-4776	73	23	pass	pass	VERB
ape-4776	73	24	bills	bill	NOUN
ape-4776	73	25	into	into	ADP
ape-4776	73	26	law	law	NOUN
ape-4776	73	27	as	as	ADV
ape-4776	73	28	well	well	ADV
ape-4776	73	29	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	73	30	frustrate	frustrate	ADJ
ape-4776	73	31	bills	bill	NOUN
ape-4776	73	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	1	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	74	2	dung	dung	NOUN
ape-4776	74	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	4	explains	explain	VERB
ape-4776	74	5	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	6	the	the	DET
ape-4776	74	7	media	medium	NOUN
ape-4776	74	8	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	74	9	informed	inform	VERB
ape-4776	74	10	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-4776	74	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	74	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	74	13	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	74	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	74	15	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	74	16	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	17	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	74	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	74	19	the	the	DET
ape-4776	74	20	legislature	legislature	NOUN
ape-4776	74	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	74	23	some	some	PRON
ape-4776	74	24	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	74	25	the	the	DET
ape-4776	74	26	celebrated	celebrate	VERB
ape-4776	74	27	cases	case	NOUN
ape-4776	74	28	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	74	29	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	30	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	31	i	i	NOUN
ape-4776	74	32	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	33	bribing	bribe	VERB
ape-4776	74	34	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	74	35	legislators	legislator	NOUN
ape-4776	74	36	to	to	PART
ape-4776	74	37	approve	approve	VERB
ape-4776	74	38	the	the	DET
ape-4776	74	39	education	education	NOUN
ape-4776	74	40	budget	budget	NOUN
ape-4776	74	41	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	74	42	the	the	DET
ape-4776	74	43	federal	federal	PROPN
ape-4776	74	44	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ape-4776	74	45	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	74	46	education	education	NOUN
ape-4776	74	47	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	74	48	2005	2005	NUM
ape-4776	74	49	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	50	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	51	ii	ii	NOUN
ape-4776	74	52	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	53	bribing	bribe	VERB
ape-4776	74	54	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	74	55	legislators	legislator	NOUN
ape-4776	74	56	to	to	PART
ape-4776	74	57	vote	vote	VERB
ape-4776	74	58	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	74	59	tenure	tenure	NOUN
ape-4776	74	60	elongation	elongation	NOUN
ape-4776	74	61	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	74	62	president	president	PROPN
ape-4776	74	63	olusegun	olusegun	PROPN
ape-4776	74	64	obasanjo	obasanjo	PROPN
ape-4776	74	65	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	74	66	2005	2005	NUM
ape-4776	74	67	as	as	ADV
ape-4776	74	68	well	well	ADV
ape-4776	74	69	against	against	ADP
ape-4776	74	70	tenure	tenure	NOUN
ape-4776	74	71	elongation	elongation	NOUN
ape-4776	74	72	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	73	dung	dung	NOUN
ape-4776	74	74	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	75	2006	2006	NUM
ape-4776	74	76	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	77	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4776	74	78	97	97	NUM
ape-4776	74	79	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	74	80	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	75	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
ape-4776	75	2	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	75	3	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	75	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	75	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	75	6	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ape-4776	75	7	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	75	8	different	different	ADJ
ape-4776	75	9	schools	school	NOUN
ape-4776	75	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	75	11	thought	thought	NOUN
ape-4776	75	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	75	13	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	75	14	environments	environment	NOUN
ape-4776	75	15	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	75	16	defined	define	VERB
ape-4776	75	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	75	18	explained	explain	VERB
ape-4776	75	19	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	75	20	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	75	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	75	22	influenced	influence	VERB
ape-4776	75	23	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	75	24	various	various	ADJ
ape-4776	75	25	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4776	75	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	76	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	76	2	noted	note	VERB
ape-4776	76	3	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	76	4	nwokocha	nwokocha	PROPN
ape-4776	76	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	76	6	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4776	76	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	76	8	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4776	76	9	4	4	NUM
ape-4776	76	10	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	76	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	76	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	76	13	various	various	ADJ
ape-4776	76	14	models	model	NOUN
ape-4776	76	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	76	16	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	76	17	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	76	18	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	76	19	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	76	20	not	not	PART
ape-4776	76	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	76	22	same	same	ADJ
ape-4776	76	23	thing	thing	NOUN
ape-4776	76	24	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	76	25	all	all	DET
ape-4776	76	26	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	76	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	76	28	takes	take	VERB
ape-4776	76	29	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ape-4776	76	30	structures	structure	NOUN
ape-4776	76	31	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	76	32	distinct	distinct	ADJ
ape-4776	76	33	places	place	NOUN
ape-4776	76	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	77	1	unarguably	unarguably	ADV
ape-4776	77	2	the	the	DET
ape-4776	77	3	emergence	emergence	NOUN
ape-4776	77	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	77	5	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	77	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	77	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	77	8	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	77	9	traceable	traceable	ADJ
ape-4776	77	10	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	77	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	77	12	greek	greek	ADJ
ape-4776	77	13	city	city	NOUN
ape-4776	77	14	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	77	15	states	state	NOUN
ape-4776	77	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	77	17	where	where	SCONJ
ape-4776	77	18	the	the	DET
ape-4776	77	19	concept	concept	NOUN
ape-4776	77	20	emanated	emanate	VERB
ape-4776	77	21	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	77	22	direct	direct	ADJ
ape-4776	77	23	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	77	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	77	25	giving	give	VERB
ape-4776	77	26	the	the	DET
ape-4776	77	27	right	right	NOUN
ape-4776	77	28	to	to	PART
ape-4776	77	29	take	take	VERB
ape-4776	77	30	part	part	NOUN
ape-4776	77	31	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	77	32	law	law	NOUN
ape-4776	77	33	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	77	34	making	make	VERB
ape-4776	77	35	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	77	36	policy	policy	NOUN
ape-4776	77	37	formulation	formulation	NOUN
ape-4776	77	38	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	77	39	all	all	DET
ape-4776	77	40	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4776	77	41	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	77	42	alapiki	alapiki	ADJ
ape-4776	77	43	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	77	44	2005	2005	NUM
ape-4776	77	45	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	77	46	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4776	77	47	50	50	NUM
ape-4776	77	48	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	77	49	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	78	1	direct	direct	ADJ
ape-4776	78	2	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	78	3	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	78	4	was	be	AUX
ape-4776	78	5	applicable	applicable	ADJ
ape-4776	78	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	78	7	the	the	DET
ape-4776	78	8	greek	greek	ADJ
ape-4776	78	9	city	city	NOUN
ape-4776	78	10	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	78	11	states	state	NOUN
ape-4776	78	12	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	78	13	no	no	ADV
ape-4776	78	14	longer	long	ADV
ape-4776	78	15	applicable	applicable	ADJ
ape-4776	78	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	78	17	modern	modern	ADJ
ape-4776	78	18	states	state	NOUN
ape-4776	78	19	owing	owe	VERB
ape-4776	78	20	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	78	21	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4776	78	22	such	such	ADJ
ape-4776	78	23	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	78	24	landmass	landmass	NOUN
ape-4776	78	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	78	26	population	population	NOUN
ape-4776	78	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	78	28	the	the	DET
ape-4776	78	29	system	system	NOUN
ape-4776	78	30	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	78	31	government	government	NOUN
ape-4776	78	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	78	33	etc	etc	X
ape-4776	78	34	.	.	X
ape-4776	79	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ape-4776	79	2	this	this	DET
ape-4776	79	3	variance	variance	NOUN
ape-4776	79	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	79	5	definition	definition	NOUN
ape-4776	79	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	79	7	what	what	PRON
ape-4776	79	8	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	79	9	central	central	ADJ
ape-4776	79	10	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	79	11	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	79	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	79	13	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	79	14	exercise	exercise	VERB
ape-4776	79	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	79	16	ultimate	ultimate	ADJ
ape-4776	79	17	power	power	NOUN
ape-4776	79	18	to	to	PART
ape-4776	79	19	govern	govern	VERB
ape-4776	79	20	directly	directly	ADV
ape-4776	79	21	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	79	22	through	through	ADP
ape-4776	79	23	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	79	24	representatives	representative	NOUN
ape-4776	79	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	79	26	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	79	27	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ape-4776	79	28	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	79	29	always	always	ADV
ape-4776	79	30	had	have	VERB
ape-4776	79	31	a	a	DET
ape-4776	79	32	common	common	ADJ
ape-4776	79	33	ground	ground	NOUN
ape-4776	79	34	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	79	35	its	its	PRON
ape-4776	79	36	ideals	ideal	NOUN
ape-4776	79	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	1	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ape-4776	80	2	rights	right	NOUN
ape-4776	80	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	80	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	80	5	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	80	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	7	rule	rule	NOUN
ape-4776	80	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	80	9	law	law	NOUN
ape-4776	80	10	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	80	11	entails	entail	VERB
ape-4776	80	12	equality	equality	NOUN
ape-4776	80	13	before	before	ADP
ape-4776	80	14	the	the	DET
ape-4776	80	15	law	law	NOUN
ape-4776	80	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	17	free	free	ADJ
ape-4776	80	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	80	19	fair	fair	ADJ
ape-4776	80	20	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	80	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	22	independence	independence	NOUN
ape-4776	80	23	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	80	24	the	the	DET
ape-4776	80	25	judiciary	judiciary	NOUN
ape-4776	80	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	27	majority	majority	NOUN
ape-4776	80	28	rule	rule	NOUN
ape-4776	80	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	30	freedom	freedom	NOUN
ape-4776	80	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	80	32	the	the	DET
ape-4776	80	33	press	press	NOUN
ape-4776	80	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	35	right	right	ADJ
ape-4776	80	36	to	to	PART
ape-4776	80	37	vote	vote	VERB
ape-4776	80	38	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	80	39	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	80	40	voted	vote	VERB
ape-4776	80	41	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	80	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	43	etc	etc	X
ape-4776	80	44	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	45	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	80	46	some	some	PRON
ape-4776	80	47	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	80	48	the	the	DET
ape-4776	80	49	ideals	ideal	NOUN
ape-4776	80	50	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	80	51	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	80	52	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	53	however	however	ADV
ape-4776	80	54	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	55	the	the	DET
ape-4776	80	56	application	application	NOUN
ape-4776	80	57	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	80	58	these	these	DET
ape-4776	80	59	principles	principle	NOUN
ape-4776	80	60	across	across	ADP
ape-4776	80	61	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	80	62	systems	system	NOUN
ape-4776	80	63	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	80	64	always	always	ADV
ape-4776	80	65	degenerated	degenerate	VERB
ape-4776	80	66	into	into	ADP
ape-4776	80	67	contention	contention	NOUN
ape-4776	80	68	leading	lead	VERB
ape-4776	80	69	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	80	70	the	the	DET
ape-4776	80	71	practice	practice	NOUN
ape-4776	80	72	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	80	73	unknown	unknown	ADJ
ape-4776	80	74	variants	variant	NOUN
ape-4776	80	75	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	80	76	the	the	DET
ape-4776	80	77	concept	concept	NOUN
ape-4776	80	78	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	80	79	especially	especially	ADV
ape-4776	80	80	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	80	81	the	the	DET
ape-4776	80	82	third	third	ADJ
ape-4776	80	83	world	world	NOUN
ape-4776	80	84	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	81	1	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	81	2	kaplan	kaplan	PROPN
ape-4776	81	3	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	81	4	1999	1999	NUM
ape-4776	81	5	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	81	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	81	7	succinctly	succinctly	ADV
ape-4776	81	8	asserts	assert	VERB
ape-4776	81	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	81	10	'	'	PUNCT
ape-4776	81	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	81	12	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	81	13	we	we	PRON
ape-4776	81	14	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	81	15	encouraging	encouraging	ADJ
ape-4776	81	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	81	17	many	many	ADJ
ape-4776	81	18	poor	poor	ADJ
ape-4776	81	19	parts	part	NOUN
ape-4776	81	20	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	81	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	81	22	world	world	NOUN
ape-4776	81	23	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	81	24	an	an	DET
ape-4776	81	25	integral	integral	ADJ
ape-4776	81	26	part	part	NOUN
ape-4776	81	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	81	28	the	the	DET
ape-4776	81	29	transformation	transformation	NOUN
ape-4776	81	30	towards	towards	ADP
ape-4776	81	31	new	new	ADJ
ape-4776	81	32	forms	form	NOUN
ape-4776	81	33	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	81	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	82	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	82	2	social	social	ADJ
ape-4776	82	3	environment	environment	NOUN
ape-4776	82	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	82	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4776	82	6	system	system	NOUN
ape-4776	82	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	82	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	82	9	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	82	10	processes	process	NOUN
ape-4776	82	11	decide	decide	VERB
ape-4776	82	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	82	13	extent	extent	NOUN
ape-4776	82	14	to	to	PART
ape-4776	82	15	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	82	16	basic	basic	ADJ
ape-4776	82	17	human	human	ADJ
ape-4776	82	18	rights	right	NOUN
ape-4776	82	19	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	82	20	enjoyed	enjoy	VERB
ape-4776	82	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	82	22	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	82	23	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	82	24	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	82	25	observed	observe	VERB
ape-4776	82	26	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	82	27	alapiki	alapiki	ADJ
ape-4776	82	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	82	29	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4776	82	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	82	31	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4776	82	32	52	52	NUM
ape-4776	82	33	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	82	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	1	there	there	PRON
ape-4776	83	2	are	be	VERB
ape-4776	83	3	various	various	ADJ
ape-4776	83	4	impediments	impediment	NOUN
ape-4776	83	5	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	83	6	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	83	7	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	83	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	83	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	83	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	11	some	some	PRON
ape-4776	83	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	83	13	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	83	14	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	83	15	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
ape-4776	83	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	83	17	this	this	DET
ape-4776	83	18	work	work	NOUN
ape-4776	83	19	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	83	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	21	deep	deep	ADV
ape-4776	83	22	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	23	seated	seat	VERB
ape-4776	83	24	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4776	83	25	cleavage	cleavage	NOUN
ape-4776	83	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	27	weak	weak	ADJ
ape-4776	83	28	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	83	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	30	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ape-4776	83	31	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	83	32	elites	elite	NOUN
ape-4776	83	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	34	a	a	DET
ape-4776	83	35	biased	biased	ADJ
ape-4776	83	36	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	83	37	dependent	dependent	ADJ
ape-4776	83	38	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	83	39	system	system	NOUN
ape-4776	83	40	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	41	regionally	regionally	ADV
ape-4776	83	42	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	43	based	base	VERB
ape-4776	83	44	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	83	45	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	46	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ape-4776	83	47	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	48	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-4776	83	49	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-4776	83	50	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	83	51	etc	etc	X
ape-4776	83	52	.	.	X
ape-4776	84	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	84	2	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	84	3	elites	elite	NOUN
ape-4776	84	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	84	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	84	6	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	84	7	altered	alter	VERB
ape-4776	84	8	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	84	9	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	84	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	84	11	personalized	personalize	VERB
ape-4776	84	12	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	84	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	85	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	85	2	laws	law	NOUN
ape-4776	85	3	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	85	4	define	define	VERB
ape-4776	85	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	85	6	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	85	7	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	85	8	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	85	9	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	85	10	enacted	enact	VERB
ape-4776	85	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	85	12	re	re	VERB
ape-4776	85	13	-	-	VERB
ape-4776	85	14	enacted	enact	VERB
ape-4776	85	15	to	to	PART
ape-4776	85	16	further	further	VERB
ape-4776	85	17	the	the	DET
ape-4776	85	18	elite	elite	ADJ
ape-4776	85	19	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ape-4776	85	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	86	1	according	accord	VERB
ape-4776	86	2	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	86	3	odondiri	odondiri	ADV
ape-4776	86	4	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	86	5	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4776	86	6	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4776	86	7	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	86	8	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	86	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	86	10	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4776	86	11	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4776	86	12	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	87	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4776	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	87	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4776	87	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4776	87	5	2	2	NUM
ape-4776	87	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	87	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	87	8	86	86	NUM
ape-4776	87	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4776	87	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	87	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4776	87	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4776	87	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	87	14	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	87	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	87	16	point	point	NOUN
ape-4776	87	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	87	18	view	view	NOUN
ape-4776	87	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	87	20	the	the	DET
ape-4776	87	21	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	87	22	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	87	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	87	24	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	87	25	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	87	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	87	27	means	mean	VERB
ape-4776	87	28	a	a	DET
ape-4776	87	29	system	system	NOUN
ape-4776	87	30	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	87	31	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	87	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	87	33	government	government	NOUN
ape-4776	87	34	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	87	35	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	87	36	public	public	ADJ
ape-4776	87	37	policies	policy	NOUN
ape-4776	87	38	emerge	emerge	VERB
ape-4776	87	39	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	87	40	an	an	DET
ape-4776	87	41	elite	elite	NOUN
ape-4776	87	42	who	who	PRON
ape-4776	87	43	openly	openly	ADV
ape-4776	87	44	compete	compete	VERB
ape-4776	87	45	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	87	46	power	power	NOUN
ape-4776	87	47	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	87	48	organized	organize	VERB
ape-4776	87	49	formations	formation	NOUN
ape-4776	87	50	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	87	51	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	87	52	odondiri	odondiri	PROPN
ape-4776	87	53	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	87	54	2003	2003	NUM
ape-4776	87	55	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	87	56	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4776	87	57	161	161	NUM
ape-4776	87	58	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	87	59	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	88	1	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ape-4776	88	2	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	88	3	also	also	ADV
ape-4776	88	4	contributed	contribute	VERB
ape-4776	88	5	immensely	immensely	ADV
ape-4776	88	6	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	88	7	the	the	DET
ape-4776	88	8	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN
ape-4776	88	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	88	10	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	88	11	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	88	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	88	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	88	14	occasioning	occasion	VERB
ape-4776	88	15	a	a	DET
ape-4776	88	16	widespread	widespread	ADJ
ape-4776	88	17	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-4776	88	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	88	19	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	88	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	89	1	according	accord	VERB
ape-4776	89	2	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	89	3	the	the	DET
ape-4776	89	4	mcgraw	mcgraw	PROPN
ape-4776	89	5	hill	hill	PROPN
ape-4776	89	6	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN
ape-4776	89	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	89	8	modern	modern	ADJ
ape-4776	89	9	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4776	89	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	89	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ape-4776	89	12	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	89	13	a	a	DET
ape-4776	89	14	condition	condition	NOUN
ape-4776	89	15	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	89	16	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	89	17	income	income	NOUN
ape-4776	89	18	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	89	19	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ape-4776	89	20	to	to	PART
ape-4776	89	21	meet	meet	VERB
ape-4776	89	22	subsistence	subsistence	NOUN
ape-4776	89	23	needs	need	NOUN
ape-4776	89	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	90	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	90	2	menace	menace	NOUN
ape-4776	90	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	90	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ape-4776	90	5	compels	compel	VERB
ape-4776	90	6	a	a	DET
ape-4776	90	7	greater	great	ADJ
ape-4776	90	8	part	part	NOUN
ape-4776	90	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	90	10	the	the	DET
ape-4776	90	11	voting	vote	VERB
ape-4776	90	12	population	population	NOUN
ape-4776	90	13	to	to	PART
ape-4776	90	14	sell	sell	VERB
ape-4776	90	15	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	90	16	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	90	17	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	90	18	peanuts	peanut	NOUN
ape-4776	90	19	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	90	20	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	90	21	day	day	NOUN
ape-4776	90	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	90	23	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	90	24	the	the	DET
ape-4776	90	25	conviction	conviction	NOUN
ape-4776	90	26	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	90	27	such	such	ADJ
ape-4776	90	28	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	90	29	paid	pay	VERB
ape-4776	90	30	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	90	31	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	90	32	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	90	33	will	will	AUX
ape-4776	90	34	put	put	VERB
ape-4776	90	35	food	food	NOUN
ape-4776	90	36	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	90	37	the	the	DET
ape-4776	90	38	table	table	NOUN
ape-4776	90	39	at	at	ADP
ape-4776	90	40	least	least	ADJ
ape-4776	90	41	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	90	42	a	a	DET
ape-4776	90	43	day	day	NOUN
ape-4776	90	44	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4776	90	45	two	two	NUM
ape-4776	90	46	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	91	1	this	this	DET
ape-4776	91	2	trend	trend	NOUN
ape-4776	91	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	91	4	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ape-4776	91	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	91	6	opinion	opinion	NOUN
ape-4776	91	7	leaders	leader	NOUN
ape-4776	91	8	believe	believe	VERB
ape-4776	91	9	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	91	10	a	a	DET
ape-4776	91	11	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
ape-4776	91	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	91	13	the	the	DET
ape-4776	91	14	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	91	15	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	91	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	91	17	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	91	18	associates	associate	NOUN
ape-4776	91	19	to	to	PART
ape-4776	91	20	impoverish	impoverish	VERB
ape-4776	91	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	91	22	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	91	23	to	to	PART
ape-4776	91	24	compel	compel	VERB
ape-4776	91	25	the	the	DET
ape-4776	91	26	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	91	27	to	to	PART
ape-4776	91	28	sell	sell	VERB
ape-4776	91	29	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	91	30	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	91	31	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	91	32	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	91	33	day	day	NOUN
ape-4776	91	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	92	1	president	president	PROPN
ape-4776	92	2	buhari	buhari	PROPN
ape-4776	92	3	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	92	4	his	his	PRON
ape-4776	92	5	working	work	VERB
ape-4776	92	6	visit	visit	NOUN
ape-4776	92	7	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	92	8	kano	kano	PROPN
ape-4776	92	9	state	state	PROPN
ape-4776	92	10	after	after	SCONJ
ape-4776	92	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	92	12	bayelsa	bayelsa	PROPN
ape-4776	92	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	92	14	kogi	kogi	PROPN
ape-4776	92	15	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	92	16	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	92	17	stated	state	VERB
ape-4776	92	18	thus	thus	ADV
ape-4776	92	19	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4776	92	20	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	92	21	what	what	PRON
ape-4776	92	22	i	i	PRON
ape-4776	92	23	saw	see	VERB
ape-4776	92	24	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	92	25	the	the	DET
ape-4776	92	26	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	92	27	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	92	28	kogi	kogi	PROPN
ape-4776	92	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	92	30	bayelsa	bayelsa	NOUN
ape-4776	92	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	92	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	92	33	rivers	river	NOUN
ape-4776	92	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	92	35	the	the	DET
ape-4776	92	36	use	use	NOUN
ape-4776	92	37	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	92	38	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	92	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	92	40	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	92	41	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	92	42	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	92	43	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	92	44	upset	upset	ADJ
ape-4776	92	45	me	i	PRON
ape-4776	92	46	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4776	92	47	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	93	1	weak	weak	ADJ
ape-4776	93	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	93	3	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	93	4	another	another	DET
ape-4776	93	5	causative	causative	ADJ
ape-4776	93	6	factor	factor	NOUN
ape-4776	93	7	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	93	8	hinders	hinder	VERB
ape-4776	93	9	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	93	10	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	93	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	93	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	93	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	94	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	94	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	94	3	popularly	popularly	ADV
ape-4776	94	4	believed	believe	VERB
ape-4776	94	5	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	94	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	94	7	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	94	8	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	94	9	system	system	NOUN
ape-4776	94	10	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	94	11	defective	defective	ADJ
ape-4776	94	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	94	13	subservient	subservient	VERB
ape-4776	94	14	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	94	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	94	16	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	94	17	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	94	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	94	19	especially	especially	ADV
ape-4776	94	20	the	the	DET
ape-4776	94	21	executive	executive	NOUN
ape-4776	94	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	95	1	strong	strong	ADJ
ape-4776	95	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	95	3	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	95	4	a	a	DET
ape-4776	95	5	veritable	veritable	ADJ
ape-4776	95	6	tool	tool	NOUN
ape-4776	95	7	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	95	8	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	95	9	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	95	10	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	95	11	developed	develop	VERB
ape-4776	95	12	societies	society	NOUN
ape-4776	95	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	95	14	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4776	95	15	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	95	16	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	95	17	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
ape-4776	95	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	95	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	95	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	96	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	96	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	96	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	96	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	96	5	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	96	6	weak	weak	ADJ
ape-4776	96	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	96	8	do	do	VERB
ape-4776	96	9	the	the	DET
ape-4776	96	10	bidding	bidding	NOUN
ape-4776	96	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	96	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	96	13	executive	executive	NOUN
ape-4776	96	14	because	because	SCONJ
ape-4776	96	15	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	96	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	96	17	executive	executive	NOUN
ape-4776	96	18	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	96	19	have	have	VERB
ape-4776	96	20	the	the	DET
ape-4776	96	21	unilateral	unilateral	ADJ
ape-4776	96	22	power	power	NOUN
ape-4776	96	23	to	to	PART
ape-4776	96	24	appoint	appoint	VERB
ape-4776	96	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	96	26	dissolve	dissolve	VERB
ape-4776	96	27	the	the	DET
ape-4776	96	28	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ape-4776	96	29	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	96	30	these	these	DET
ape-4776	96	31	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	96	32	at	at	ADP
ape-4776	96	33	any	any	DET
ape-4776	96	34	time	time	NOUN
ape-4776	96	35	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	96	36	fiemotongha	fiemotongha	ADJ
ape-4776	96	37	et	et	NOUN
ape-4776	96	38	al	al	PROPN
ape-4776	96	39	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	96	40	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	96	41	2021	2021	NUM
ape-4776	96	42	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	96	43	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	97	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	97	2	place	place	NOUN
ape-4776	97	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	97	4	periodic	periodic	ADJ
ape-4776	97	5	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	97	6	can	can	AUX
ape-4776	97	7	not	not	PART
ape-4776	97	8	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	97	9	overemphasized	overemphasize	VERB
ape-4776	97	10	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	97	11	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ape-4776	97	12	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	97	13	states	state	NOUN
ape-4776	97	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	97	15	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-4776	97	16	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-4776	97	17	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-4776	97	18	experienced	experience	VERB
ape-4776	97	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	97	20	most	most	ADJ
ape-4776	97	21	recent	recent	ADJ
ape-4776	97	22	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	97	23	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	97	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	97	25	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	97	26	an	an	DET
ape-4776	97	27	impediment	impediment	NOUN
ape-4776	97	28	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	97	29	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	97	30	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	97	31	the	the	DET
ape-4776	97	32	country	country	NOUN
ape-4776	97	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	98	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4776	98	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	98	3	mostly	mostly	ADV
ape-4776	98	4	attributed	attribute	VERB
ape-4776	98	5	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	98	6	a	a	DET
ape-4776	98	7	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-4776	98	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	98	9	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ape-4776	98	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	98	11	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-4776	98	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	98	13	our	our	PRON
ape-4776	98	14	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	98	15	elites	elite	NOUN
ape-4776	98	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	98	17	owing	owe	VERB
ape-4776	98	18	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	98	19	the	the	DET
ape-4776	98	20	conviction	conviction	NOUN
ape-4776	98	21	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	98	22	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	98	23	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	98	24	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	98	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	98	26	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	98	27	do	do	AUX
ape-4776	98	28	not	not	PART
ape-4776	98	29	count	count	VERB
ape-4776	98	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	98	31	engendering	engender	VERB
ape-4776	98	32	the	the	DET
ape-4776	98	33	uninterestedness	uninterestedness	NOUN
ape-4776	98	34	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	98	35	the	the	DET
ape-4776	98	36	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	98	37	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	98	38	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	98	39	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	99	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
ape-4776	99	2	causes	cause	NOUN
ape-4776	99	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	99	4	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	99	5	buying	buy	VERB
ape-4776	99	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	99	7	selling	selling	NOUN
ape-4776	99	8	findings	finding	NOUN
ape-4776	99	9	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	99	10	revealed	reveal	VERB
ape-4776	99	11	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	99	12	weak	weak	ADJ
ape-4776	99	13	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	99	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	99	15	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ape-4776	99	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	99	17	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-4776	99	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	99	19	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-4776	99	20	education	education	NOUN
ape-4776	99	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	99	22	the	the	DET
ape-4776	99	23	desperation	desperation	NOUN
ape-4776	99	24	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	99	25	the	the	DET
ape-4776	99	26	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	99	27	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	99	28	to	to	PART
ape-4776	99	29	remain	remain	VERB
ape-4776	99	30	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	99	31	power	power	NOUN
ape-4776	99	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	99	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	99	34	the	the	DET
ape-4776	99	35	general	general	ADJ
ape-4776	99	36	failure	failure	NOUN
ape-4776	99	37	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	99	38	the	the	DET
ape-4776	99	39	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4776	99	40	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	99	41	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	99	42	some	some	PRON
ape-4776	99	43	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	99	44	the	the	DET
ape-4776	99	45	causes	cause	NOUN
ape-4776	99	46	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	99	47	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	99	48	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	99	49	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	99	50	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	99	51	contemporary	contemporary	PROPN
ape-4776	99	52	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	99	53	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	100	1	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ape-4776	100	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	100	3	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-4776	100	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	100	5	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	100	6	education	education	NOUN
ape-4776	100	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	100	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	100	9	weak	weak	ADJ
ape-4776	100	10	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	100	11	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	100	12	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ape-4776	100	13	here	here	ADV
ape-4776	100	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	100	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	100	16	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4776	100	17	context	context	NOUN
ape-4776	100	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	101	1	when	when	SCONJ
ape-4776	101	2	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4776	101	3	live	live	VERB
ape-4776	101	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	101	5	abject	abject	ADJ
ape-4776	101	6	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ape-4776	101	7	offer	offer	NOUN
ape-4776	101	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	101	9	money	money	NOUN
ape-4776	101	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	101	11	material	material	NOUN
ape-4776	101	12	items	item	NOUN
ape-4776	101	13	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	101	14	them	they	PRON
ape-4776	101	15	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	101	16	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	101	17	day	day	NOUN
ape-4776	101	18	could	could	AUX
ape-4776	101	19	mean	mean	VERB
ape-4776	101	20	a	a	DET
ape-4776	101	21	week	week	NOUN
ape-4776	101	22	without	without	SCONJ
ape-4776	101	23	hardship	hardship	NOUN
ape-4776	101	24	to	to	PART
ape-4776	101	25	fend	fend	VERB
ape-4776	101	26	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	101	27	themselves	themselves	PRON
ape-4776	101	28	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	101	29	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	101	30	families	family	NOUN
ape-4776	101	31	the	the	DET
ape-4776	101	32	uneducated	uneducated	ADJ
ape-4776	101	33	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	101	34	a	a	DET
ape-4776	101	35	larger	large	ADJ
ape-4776	101	36	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ape-4776	101	37	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	101	38	the	the	DET
ape-4776	101	39	voting	vote	VERB
ape-4776	101	40	population	population	NOUN
ape-4776	101	41	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	101	42	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	101	43	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	101	44	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-4776	101	45	when	when	SCONJ
ape-4776	101	46	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	101	47	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	101	48	offered	offer	VERB
ape-4776	101	49	a	a	DET
ape-4776	101	50	token	token	NOUN
ape-4776	101	51	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	101	52	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	101	53	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	101	54	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	101	55	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	101	56	do	do	AUX
ape-4776	101	57	not	not	PART
ape-4776	101	58	hesitate	hesitate	VERB
ape-4776	101	59	to	to	PART
ape-4776	101	60	sell	sell	VERB
ape-4776	101	61	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	101	62	without	without	ADP
ape-4776	101	63	considering	consider	VERB
ape-4776	101	64	the	the	DET
ape-4776	101	65	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ape-4776	101	66	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	102	1	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	102	2	also	also	ADV
ape-4776	102	3	do	do	AUX
ape-4776	102	4	not	not	PART
ape-4776	102	5	see	see	VERB
ape-4776	102	6	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	102	7	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	102	8	buying	buy	VERB
ape-4776	102	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	102	10	selling	selling	NOUN
ape-4776	102	11	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	102	12	an	an	DET
ape-4776	102	13	evil	evil	NOUN
ape-4776	102	14	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	102	15	will	will	AUX
ape-4776	102	16	boomerang	boomerang	VERB
ape-4776	102	17	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	102	18	them	they	PRON
ape-4776	102	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	102	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	102	21	also	also	ADV
ape-4776	102	22	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	102	23	a	a	DET
ape-4776	102	24	bait	bait	NOUN
ape-4776	102	25	to	to	PART
ape-4776	102	26	mortgage	mortgage	VERB
ape-4776	102	27	good	good	ADJ
ape-4776	102	28	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	102	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	103	1	when	when	SCONJ
ape-4776	103	2	the	the	DET
ape-4776	103	3	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	103	4	empowered	empower	VERB
ape-4776	103	5	with	with	ADP
ape-4776	103	6	the	the	DET
ape-4776	103	7	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ape-4776	103	8	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
ape-4776	103	9	to	to	PART
ape-4776	103	10	enforce	enforce	VERB
ape-4776	103	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	103	12	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	103	13	laws	law	NOUN
ape-4776	103	14	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	103	15	enmeshed	enmesh	VERB
ape-4776	103	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	103	17	the	the	DET
ape-4776	103	18	act	act	NOUN
ape-4776	103	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	103	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	103	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	103	22	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	103	23	body	body	NOUN
ape-4776	103	24	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	103	25	should	should	AUX
ape-4776	103	26	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	103	27	impartial	impartial	ADJ
ape-4776	103	28	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	103	29	weak	weak	ADJ
ape-4776	103	30	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	103	31	becomes	become	VERB
ape-4776	103	32	biased	biased	ADJ
ape-4776	103	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	103	34	partisan	partisan	ADJ
ape-4776	103	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	103	36	then	then	ADV
ape-4776	103	37	a	a	DET
ape-4776	103	38	platform	platform	NOUN
ape-4776	103	39	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	103	40	created	create	VERB
ape-4776	103	41	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	103	42	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	103	43	trading	trading	NOUN
ape-4776	103	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	104	1	this	this	DET
ape-4776	104	2	situation	situation	NOUN
ape-4776	104	3	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	104	4	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
ape-4776	104	5	created	create	VERB
ape-4776	104	6	a	a	DET
ape-4776	104	7	devastating	devastating	ADJ
ape-4776	104	8	impact	impact	NOUN
ape-4776	104	9	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	104	10	the	the	DET
ape-4776	104	11	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ape-4776	104	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	104	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	104	14	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	104	15	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	104	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	104	17	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	104	18	system	system	NOUN
ape-4776	104	19	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4776	104	20	advances	advance	VERB
ape-4776	104	21	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	104	22	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	104	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	104	24	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4776	104	25	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4776	104	26	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	105	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4776	105	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	105	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4776	105	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4776	105	5	2	2	NUM
ape-4776	105	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	105	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	105	8	87	87	NUM
ape-4776	105	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4776	105	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	105	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4776	105	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4776	105	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	106	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	106	2	bekuma	bekuma	NOUN
ape-4776	106	3	et	et	PROPN
ape-4776	106	4	al	al	PROPN
ape-4776	106	5	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	106	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	106	7	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4776	106	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	106	9	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4776	106	10	86	86	NUM
ape-4776	106	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	106	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	107	1	3.4	3.4	NUM
ape-4776	107	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ape-4776	107	3	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	107	4	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	107	5	observed	observe	VERB
ape-4776	107	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	107	7	this	this	DET
ape-4776	107	8	work	work	NOUN
ape-4776	107	9	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	107	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	107	11	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	107	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	107	13	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	107	14	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	107	15	to	to	PART
ape-4776	107	16	continue	continue	VERB
ape-4776	107	17	to	to	PART
ape-4776	107	18	use	use	VERB
ape-4776	107	19	the	the	DET
ape-4776	107	20	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	107	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	107	22	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	107	23	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	107	24	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	107	25	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	107	26	a	a	DET
ape-4776	107	27	successful	successful	ADJ
ape-4776	107	28	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ape-4776	107	29	to	to	PART
ape-4776	107	30	win	win	VERB
ape-4776	107	31	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	107	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	107	33	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	107	34	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	107	35	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-4776	107	36	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	107	37	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	107	38	systematically	systematically	ADV
ape-4776	107	39	conditioned	condition	VERB
ape-4776	107	40	the	the	DET
ape-4776	107	41	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4776	107	42	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	107	43	such	such	DET
ape-4776	107	44	a	a	DET
ape-4776	107	45	way	way	NOUN
ape-4776	107	46	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	107	47	to	to	PART
ape-4776	107	48	subject	subject	VERB
ape-4776	107	49	them	they	PRON
ape-4776	107	50	to	to	PART
ape-4776	107	51	sell	sell	VERB
ape-4776	107	52	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	107	53	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	107	54	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	107	55	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	107	56	day	day	NOUN
ape-4776	107	57	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	107	58	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	107	59	this	this	PRON
ape-4776	107	60	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	107	61	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
ape-4776	107	62	done	do	VERB
ape-4776	107	63	through	through	ADP
ape-4776	107	64	means	mean	NOUN
ape-4776	107	65	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	108	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	108	2	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	108	3	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	108	4	have	have	VERB
ape-4776	108	5	the	the	DET
ape-4776	108	6	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ape-4776	108	7	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
ape-4776	108	8	to	to	PART
ape-4776	108	9	curb	curb	VERB
ape-4776	108	10	this	this	DET
ape-4776	108	11	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	108	12	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	108	13	handicapped	handicap	VERB
ape-4776	108	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	108	15	subjected	subject	VERB
ape-4776	108	16	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	108	17	the	the	DET
ape-4776	108	18	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-4776	108	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	108	20	especially	especially	ADV
ape-4776	108	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	108	22	executive	executive	NOUN
ape-4776	108	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	109	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	109	2	dependence	dependence	NOUN
ape-4776	109	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	109	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	109	5	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	109	6	body	body	NOUN
ape-4776	109	7	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	109	8	the	the	DET
ape-4776	109	9	government	government	NOUN
ape-4776	109	10	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	109	11	a	a	DET
ape-4776	109	12	defining	define	VERB
ape-4776	109	13	factor	factor	NOUN
ape-4776	109	14	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	109	15	aids	aid	VERB
ape-4776	109	16	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	109	17	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	109	18	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	109	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	109	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	109	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	109	22	making	make	VERB
ape-4776	109	23	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	109	24	inefficient	inefficient	ADJ
ape-4776	109	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	109	26	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
ape-4776	109	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	109	28	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	109	29	subservient	subservient	VERB
ape-4776	109	30	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	109	31	the	the	DET
ape-4776	109	32	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	109	33	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	109	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	110	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	110	2	defective	defective	ADJ
ape-4776	110	3	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-4776	110	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	110	5	the	the	DET
ape-4776	110	6	1999	1999	NUM
ape-4776	110	7	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ape-4776	110	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	110	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	110	10	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	110	11	also	also	ADV
ape-4776	110	12	not	not	PART
ape-4776	110	13	helped	help	VERB
ape-4776	110	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	110	15	curbing	curb	VERB
ape-4776	110	16	the	the	DET
ape-4776	110	17	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	110	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	110	19	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	110	20	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	110	21	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	110	22	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4776	110	23	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	110	24	does	do	AUX
ape-4776	110	25	not	not	PART
ape-4776	110	26	constitutionally	constitutionally	ADV
ape-4776	110	27	empower	empower	VERB
ape-4776	110	28	the	the	DET
ape-4776	110	29	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	110	30	body	body	NOUN
ape-4776	110	31	to	to	PART
ape-4776	110	32	perform	perform	VERB
ape-4776	110	33	its	its	PRON
ape-4776	110	34	functions	function	NOUN
ape-4776	110	35	independent	independent	ADJ
ape-4776	110	36	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	110	37	the	the	DET
ape-4776	110	38	executive	executive	NOUN
ape-4776	110	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	110	40	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	110	41	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	110	42	distorted	distort	VERB
ape-4776	110	43	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	110	44	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	110	45	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	110	46	the	the	DET
ape-4776	110	47	country	country	NOUN
ape-4776	110	48	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	111	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	111	2	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ape-4776	111	3	also	also	ADV
ape-4776	111	4	gives	give	VERB
ape-4776	111	5	too	too	ADV
ape-4776	111	6	much	much	ADJ
ape-4776	111	7	power	power	NOUN
ape-4776	111	8	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	111	9	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	111	10	office	office	NOUN
ape-4776	111	11	holders	holder	NOUN
ape-4776	111	12	as	as	ADV
ape-4776	111	13	well	well	ADV
ape-4776	111	14	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	111	15	makes	make	VERB
ape-4776	111	16	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	111	17	offices	office	NOUN
ape-4776	111	18	too	too	ADV
ape-4776	111	19	lucrative	lucrative	ADJ
ape-4776	111	20	hence	hence	ADV
ape-4776	111	21	the	the	DET
ape-4776	111	22	unhealthy	unhealthy	ADJ
ape-4776	111	23	competition	competition	NOUN
ape-4776	111	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	112	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	112	2	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	112	3	we	we	PRON
ape-4776	112	4	have	have	VERB
ape-4776	112	5	today	today	NOUN
ape-4776	112	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	112	7	the	the	DET
ape-4776	112	8	country	country	NOUN
ape-4776	112	9	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	112	10	a	a	DET
ape-4776	112	11	far	far	ADJ
ape-4776	112	12	cry	cry	NOUN
ape-4776	112	13	from	from	ADP
ape-4776	112	14	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	112	15	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	112	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	112	17	the	the	DET
ape-4776	112	18	developed	develop	VERB
ape-4776	112	19	states	state	NOUN
ape-4776	112	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	113	1	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	113	2	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	113	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	113	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	113	5	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	113	6	a	a	DET
ape-4776	113	7	mere	mere	ADJ
ape-4776	113	8	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ape-4776	113	9	expression	expression	NOUN
ape-4776	113	10	devoid	devoid	ADJ
ape-4776	113	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	113	12	the	the	DET
ape-4776	113	13	tenets	tenet	NOUN
ape-4776	113	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	113	15	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	113	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	113	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	113	18	this	this	PRON
ape-4776	113	19	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	113	20	occasioned	occasion	VERB
ape-4776	113	21	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	113	22	the	the	DET
ape-4776	113	23	various	various	ADJ
ape-4776	113	24	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4776	113	25	militating	militate	VERB
ape-4776	113	26	against	against	ADP
ape-4776	113	27	the	the	DET
ape-4776	113	28	concept	concept	NOUN
ape-4776	113	29	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	113	30	the	the	DET
ape-4776	113	31	country	country	NOUN
ape-4776	113	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	113	33	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	113	34	includes	include	VERB
ape-4776	113	35	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	113	36	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	113	37	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	113	38	selling	selling	NOUN
ape-4776	113	39	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	114	1	4	4	X
ape-4776	114	2	.	.	X
ape-4776	114	3	conclusion	conclusion	VERB
ape-4776	114	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	114	5	menace	menace	NOUN
ape-4776	114	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	114	7	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	114	8	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	114	9	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	114	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	114	11	selling	selling	NOUN
ape-4776	114	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	114	13	the	the	DET
ape-4776	114	14	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ape-4776	114	15	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4776	114	16	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	114	17	unprecedented	unprecedented	ADJ
ape-4776	114	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	114	19	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	114	20	taken	take	VERB
ape-4776	114	21	a	a	DET
ape-4776	114	22	different	different	ADJ
ape-4776	114	23	dimension	dimension	NOUN
ape-4776	114	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	114	25	with	with	SCONJ
ape-4776	114	26	the	the	DET
ape-4776	114	27	government	government	NOUN
ape-4776	114	28	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	114	29	her	her	PRON
ape-4776	114	30	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4776	114	31	helpless	helpless	VERB
ape-4776	114	32	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	114	33	curbing	curb	VERB
ape-4776	114	34	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	114	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	114	36	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	114	37	this	this	PRON
ape-4776	114	38	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	114	39	because	because	SCONJ
ape-4776	114	40	they	they	PRON
ape-4776	114	41	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	114	42	neck	neck	NOUN
ape-4776	114	43	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	114	44	deep	deep	ADJ
ape-4776	114	45	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	114	46	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	114	47	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	114	48	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	114	49	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	114	50	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	114	51	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	114	52	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	115	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	115	2	bracing	brace	VERB
ape-4776	115	3	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ape-4776	115	4	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	115	5	the	the	DET
ape-4776	115	6	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	115	7	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	115	8	that	that	PRON
ape-4776	115	9	accompanies	accompany	VERB
ape-4776	115	10	the	the	DET
ape-4776	115	11	act	act	NOUN
ape-4776	115	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	115	13	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	115	14	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	115	15	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	115	16	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	115	17	most	most	ADV
ape-4776	115	18	disturbing	disturbing	ADJ
ape-4776	115	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	115	20	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	115	21	compelled	compel	VERB
ape-4776	115	22	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ape-4776	115	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	115	24	opinion	opinion	NOUN
ape-4776	115	25	leaders	leader	NOUN
ape-4776	115	26	to	to	PART
ape-4776	115	27	conclude	conclude	VERB
ape-4776	115	28	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4776	115	29	the	the	DET
ape-4776	115	30	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	115	31	elites	elite	NOUN
ape-4776	115	32	have	have	AUX
ape-4776	115	33	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
ape-4776	115	34	conditioned	condition	VERB
ape-4776	115	35	the	the	DET
ape-4776	115	36	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4776	115	37	life	life	NOUN
ape-4776	115	38	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	115	39	the	the	DET
ape-4776	115	40	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	115	41	to	to	PART
ape-4776	115	42	compel	compel	VERB
ape-4776	115	43	them	they	PRON
ape-4776	115	44	to	to	PART
ape-4776	115	45	sell	sell	VERB
ape-4776	115	46	their	their	PRON
ape-4776	115	47	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	115	48	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	115	49	a	a	DET
ape-4776	115	50	token	token	NOUN
ape-4776	115	51	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	115	52	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	115	53	day	day	NOUN
ape-4776	115	54	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	116	1	this	this	DET
ape-4776	116	2	ugly	ugly	ADJ
ape-4776	116	3	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	116	4	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	116	5	distorted	distort	VERB
ape-4776	116	6	the	the	DET
ape-4776	116	7	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ape-4776	116	8	principles	principle	NOUN
ape-4776	116	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	116	10	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	116	11	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	116	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	116	13	which	which	PRON
ape-4776	116	14	seem	seem	VERB
ape-4776	116	15	indispensable	indispensable	ADJ
ape-4776	116	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	116	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	116	18	has	have	AUX
ape-4776	116	19	placed	place	VERB
ape-4776	116	20	a	a	DET
ape-4776	116	21	heavy	heavy	ADJ
ape-4776	116	22	burden	burden	NOUN
ape-4776	116	23	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	116	24	the	the	DET
ape-4776	116	25	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	116	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	117	1	a	a	DET
ape-4776	117	2	synergy	synergy	NOUN
ape-4776	117	3	between	between	ADP
ape-4776	117	4	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
ape-4776	117	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	117	6	the	the	DET
ape-4776	117	7	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	117	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	117	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	117	10	the	the	DET
ape-4776	117	11	government	government	NOUN
ape-4776	117	12	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	117	13	urgently	urgently	ADV
ape-4776	117	14	needed	need	VERB
ape-4776	117	15	if	if	SCONJ
ape-4776	117	16	this	this	DET
ape-4776	117	17	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4776	117	18	must	must	AUX
ape-4776	117	19	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	117	20	addressed	address	VERB
ape-4776	117	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	117	22	nipped	nip	VERB
ape-4776	117	23	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	117	24	the	the	DET
ape-4776	117	25	bud	bud	NOUN
ape-4776	117	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	118	1	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ape-4776	118	2	the	the	DET
ape-4776	118	3	following	follow	VERB
ape-4776	118	4	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ape-4776	118	5	are	be	AUX
ape-4776	118	6	proffered	proffer	VERB
ape-4776	118	7	to	to	PART
ape-4776	118	8	address	address	VERB
ape-4776	118	9	the	the	DET
ape-4776	118	10	problem	problem	NOUN
ape-4776	118	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	118	12	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	118	13	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	118	14	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	118	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	118	16	improve	improve	VERB
ape-4776	118	17	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	118	18	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	118	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	118	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	118	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	119	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	119	2	1	1	X
ape-4776	119	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	119	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	119	5	appointment	appointment	NOUN
ape-4776	119	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	119	7	the	the	DET
ape-4776	119	8	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	119	9	umpire	umpire	NOUN
ape-4776	119	10	should	should	AUX
ape-4776	119	11	not	not	PART
ape-4776	119	12	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	119	13	left	leave	VERB
ape-4776	119	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	119	15	the	the	DET
ape-4776	119	16	hands	hand	NOUN
ape-4776	119	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	119	18	the	the	DET
ape-4776	119	19	executive	executive	ADJ
ape-4776	119	20	arm	arm	NOUN
ape-4776	119	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	119	22	government	government	NOUN
ape-4776	119	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	119	24	to	to	PART
ape-4776	119	25	make	make	VERB
ape-4776	119	26	the	the	DET
ape-4776	119	27	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	119	28	body	body	NOUN
ape-4776	119	29	truly	truly	ADV
ape-4776	119	30	independent	independent	ADJ
ape-4776	119	31	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	119	32	perform	perform	VERB
ape-4776	119	33	her	her	PRON
ape-4776	119	34	functions	function	NOUN
ape-4776	119	35	independently	independently	ADV
ape-4776	119	36	without	without	ADP
ape-4776	119	37	interference	interference	NOUN
ape-4776	119	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	120	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4776	120	2	could	could	AUX
ape-4776	120	3	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	120	4	done	do	VERB
ape-4776	120	5	through	through	ADP
ape-4776	120	6	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ape-4776	120	7	reforms	reform	NOUN
ape-4776	120	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	121	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	121	2	2	2	X
ape-4776	121	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	121	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	121	5	voting	vote	VERB
ape-4776	121	6	population	population	NOUN
ape-4776	121	7	should	should	AUX
ape-4776	121	8	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	121	9	sensitized	sensitize	VERB
ape-4776	121	10	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	121	11	the	the	DET
ape-4776	121	12	evils	evil	NOUN
ape-4776	121	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	121	14	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	121	15	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	121	16	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	121	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	121	18	the	the	DET
ape-4776	121	19	harm	harm	NOUN
ape-4776	121	20	it	it	PRON
ape-4776	121	21	does	do	VERB
ape-4776	121	22	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	121	23	our	our	PRON
ape-4776	121	24	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	121	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	122	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4776	122	2	could	could	AUX
ape-4776	122	3	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	122	4	successfully	successfully	ADV
ape-4776	122	5	done	do	VERB
ape-4776	122	6	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	122	7	involving	involve	VERB
ape-4776	122	8	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-4776	122	9	society	society	NOUN
ape-4776	122	10	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4776	122	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	123	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4776	123	2	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4776	123	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	123	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	123	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	123	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4776	123	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4776	123	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	124	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4776	124	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	124	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4776	124	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4776	124	5	2	2	NUM
ape-4776	124	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	124	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	124	8	88	88	NUM
ape-4776	124	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4776	124	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	124	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4776	124	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4776	124	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	125	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	125	2	3	3	X
ape-4776	125	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	125	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	125	5	desperation	desperation	NOUN
ape-4776	125	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	125	7	the	the	DET
ape-4776	125	8	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	125	9	class	class	NOUN
ape-4776	125	10	to	to	PART
ape-4776	125	11	gain	gain	VERB
ape-4776	125	12	access	access	NOUN
ape-4776	125	13	to	to	ADP
ape-4776	125	14	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	125	15	offices	office	NOUN
ape-4776	125	16	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	125	17	inherently	inherently	ADV
ape-4776	125	18	propelled	propel	VERB
ape-4776	125	19	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	125	20	the	the	DET
ape-4776	125	21	attractive	attractive	ADJ
ape-4776	125	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	125	23	lucrative	lucrative	ADJ
ape-4776	125	24	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-4776	125	25	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	125	26	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	125	27	offices	office	NOUN
ape-4776	125	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	125	29	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-4776	125	30	laws	law	NOUN
ape-4776	125	31	should	should	AUX
ape-4776	125	32	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	125	33	enacted	enact	VERB
ape-4776	125	34	to	to	PART
ape-4776	125	35	make	make	VERB
ape-4776	125	36	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	125	37	offices	office	NOUN
ape-4776	125	38	less	less	ADV
ape-4776	125	39	attractive	attractive	ADJ
ape-4776	125	40	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	126	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	126	2	4	4	X
ape-4776	126	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	126	4	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	126	5	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	126	6	is	be	AUX
ape-4776	126	7	centered	center	VERB
ape-4776	126	8	on	on	ADP
ape-4776	126	9	the	the	DET
ape-4776	126	10	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	126	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	126	12	hence	hence	ADV
ape-4776	126	13	deliberate	deliberate	VERB
ape-4776	126	14	steps	step	NOUN
ape-4776	126	15	should	should	AUX
ape-4776	126	16	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	126	17	taken	take	VERB
ape-4776	126	18	to	to	PART
ape-4776	126	19	introduce	introduce	VERB
ape-4776	126	20	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
ape-4776	126	21	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	126	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	126	23	as	as	ADV
ape-4776	126	24	well	well	ADV
ape-4776	126	25	as	as	ADP
ape-4776	126	26	formulate	formulate	ADJ
ape-4776	126	27	policies	policy	NOUN
ape-4776	126	28	to	to	PART
ape-4776	126	29	meaningfully	meaningfully	ADV
ape-4776	126	30	engage	engage	VERB
ape-4776	126	31	them	they	PRON
ape-4776	126	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	126	33	alleviate	alleviate	VERB
ape-4776	126	34	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ape-4776	126	35	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4776	126	36	this	this	DET
ape-4776	126	37	way	way	NOUN
ape-4776	126	38	the	the	DET
ape-4776	126	39	people	people	NOUN
ape-4776	126	40	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	126	41	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-4776	126	42	will	will	AUX
ape-4776	126	43	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	126	44	relived	relive	VERB
ape-4776	126	45	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	127	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	127	2	5	5	X
ape-4776	127	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	127	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	127	5	1999	1999	NUM
ape-4776	127	6	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ape-4776	127	7	should	should	AUX
ape-4776	127	8	be	be	AUX
ape-4776	127	9	amended	amend	VERB
ape-4776	127	10	to	to	PART
ape-4776	127	11	include	include	VERB
ape-4776	127	12	capital	capital	ADJ
ape-4776	127	13	punishment	punishment	NOUN
ape-4776	127	14	to	to	PART
ape-4776	127	15	deter	deter	VERB
ape-4776	127	16	potential	potential	ADJ
ape-4776	127	17	offenders	offender	NOUN
ape-4776	127	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	127	19	the	the	DET
ape-4776	127	20	law	law	NOUN
ape-4776	127	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	128	1	references	reference	NOUN
ape-4776	128	2	alapiki	alapiki	PROPN
ape-4776	128	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	128	4	h.	h.	PROPN
ape-4776	128	5	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-4776	128	6	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	128	7	2005	2005	NUM
ape-4776	128	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	128	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	129	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	129	2	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	129	3	economy	economy	NOUN
ape-4776	129	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	129	5	globalization	globalization	NOUN
ape-4776	129	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	130	1	amethyst	amethyst	NOUN
ape-4776	130	2	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	130	3	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
ape-4776	130	4	publishers	publisher	NOUN
ape-4776	130	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	131	1	alapiki	alapiki	PROPN
ape-4776	131	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	131	3	h.	h.	PROPN
ape-4776	131	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-4776	131	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	131	6	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4776	131	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	131	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	132	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	132	2	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	132	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	132	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	132	5	culture	culture	NOUN
ape-4776	132	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	132	7	terrorism	terrorism	NOUN
ape-4776	132	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	132	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	132	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	133	1	unveiling	unveil	VERB
ape-4776	133	2	the	the	DET
ape-4776	133	3	real	real	ADJ
ape-4776	133	4	terrorist	terrorist	NOUN
ape-4776	133	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	134	1	inaugural	inaugural	ADJ
ape-4776	134	2	lecture	lecture	NOUN
ape-4776	134	3	series	series	NOUN
ape-4776	134	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	134	5	117	117	NUM
ape-4776	134	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	135	1	bekuma	bekuma	PROPN
ape-4776	135	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	135	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ape-4776	135	4	g.	g.	PROPN
ape-4776	135	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	135	6	mamman	mamman	NOUN
ape-4776	135	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	135	8	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-4776	135	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	135	10	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4776	135	11	abubakar	abubakar	PROPN
ape-4776	135	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	135	13	i.	i.	PROPN
ape-4776	135	14	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	135	15	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4776	135	16	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	135	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	136	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	136	2	ekiti	ekiti	PROPN
ape-4776	136	3	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	136	4	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	136	5	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	136	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	136	7	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	136	8	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	136	9	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	136	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	137	1	lessons	lesson	NOUN
ape-4776	137	2	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	137	3	future	future	ADJ
ape-4776	137	4	general	general	ADJ
ape-4776	137	5	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	137	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	137	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	137	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	138	1	federal	federal	PROPN
ape-4776	138	2	university	university	PROPN
ape-4776	138	3	otuoke	otuoke	PROPN
ape-4776	138	4	journal	journal	PROPN
ape-4776	138	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	138	6	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	138	7	science	science	NOUN
ape-4776	138	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	138	9	2(1	2(1	NUM
ape-4776	138	10	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	138	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	139	1	cletus	cletus	PROPN
ape-4776	139	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	139	3	f.	f.	PROPN
ape-4776	139	4	n.	n.	PROPN
ape-4776	139	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	139	6	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	139	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	139	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	140	1	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	140	2	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	140	3	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	140	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	140	5	the	the	DET
ape-4776	140	6	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	140	7	governorship	governorship	NOUN
ape-4776	140	8	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	140	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	140	10	ekiti	ekiti	PROPN
ape-4776	140	11	state	state	PROPN
ape-4776	140	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	140	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	141	1	open	open	ADJ
ape-4776	141	2	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	141	3	science	science	NOUN
ape-4776	141	4	letter	letter	NOUN
ape-4776	141	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	141	6	1	1	NUM
ape-4776	141	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	141	8	93	93	NUM
ape-4776	141	9	-	-	SYM
ape-4776	141	10	97	97	NUM
ape-4776	141	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	142	1	https://doi.org/10.1515/openps-2018-0005	https://doi.org/10.1515/openps-2018-0005	VERB
ape-4776	142	2	draper	draper	NOUN
ape-4776	142	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	142	4	h.	h.	PROPN
ape-4776	142	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	142	6	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4776	142	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	142	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	143	1	politicals	political	VERB
ape-4776	143	2	science	science	NOUN
ape-4776	143	3	notes	note	NOUN
ape-4776	143	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	144	1	marxist	marxist	ADJ
ape-4776	144	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-4776	144	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	144	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	144	5	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	144	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	145	1	definition	definition	NOUN
ape-4776	145	2	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	145	3	origin	origin	NOUN
ape-4776	145	4	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	145	5	and-2	and-2	NOUN
ape-4776	145	6	-	-	NOUN
ape-4776	145	7	models/769	models/769	NOUN
ape-4776	145	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	146	1	dung	dung	NOUN
ape-4776	146	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	146	3	p.	p.	PROPN
ape-4776	146	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-4776	146	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	146	6	2006	2006	NUM
ape-4776	146	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	146	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	147	1	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	147	2	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	147	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	147	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	147	5	quality	quality	NOUN
ape-4776	147	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	147	7	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	147	8	under	under	ADP
ape-4776	147	9	the	the	DET
ape-4776	147	10	2002	2002	NUM
ape-4776	147	11	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-4776	147	12	act	act	NOUN
ape-4776	147	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	148	1	international	international	PROPN
ape-4776	148	2	federation	federation	PROPN
ape-4776	148	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	148	4	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	148	5	systems	system	NOUN
ape-4776	148	6	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	148	7	ifes	ife	NOUN
ape-4776	148	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	148	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	149	1	emmanuel	emmanuel	PROPN
ape-4776	149	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	149	3	o.	o.	PROPN
ape-4776	149	4	o.	o.	PROPN
ape-4776	149	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	149	6	2006	2006	NUM
ape-4776	149	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	149	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	150	1	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	150	2	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	150	3	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	150	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	150	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	150	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	151	1	international	international	PROPN
ape-4776	151	2	federation	federation	PROPN
ape-4776	151	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	151	4	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	151	5	systems	system	NOUN
ape-4776	151	6	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	151	7	ifes	ifes	NOUN
ape-4776	151	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	151	9	publication	publication	NOUN
ape-4776	151	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	152	1	fiemotongha	fiemotongha	ADJ
ape-4776	152	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	152	3	c.	c.	NOUN
ape-4776	152	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	152	5	nein	nein	NOUN
ape-4776	152	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	152	7	g.	g.	PROPN
ape-4776	152	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	152	9	seaman	seaman	NOUN
ape-4776	152	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	152	11	l.	l.	PROPN
ape-4776	152	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	152	13	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4776	152	14	harold	harold	PROPN
ape-4776	152	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	152	16	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-4776	152	17	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	152	18	2021	2021	NUM
ape-4776	152	19	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	152	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	153	1	interrogating	interrogate	VERB
ape-4776	153	2	the	the	DET
ape-4776	153	3	interface	interface	NOUN
ape-4776	153	4	between	between	ADP
ape-4776	153	5	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	153	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	153	7	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ape-4776	153	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	154	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	154	2	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4776	154	3	experience	experience	NOUN
ape-4776	154	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	155	1	international	international	ADJ
ape-4776	155	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ape-4776	155	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	155	4	sociology	sociology	NOUN
ape-4776	155	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	155	6	humanities	humanity	NOUN
ape-4776	155	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	155	8	3(i	3(i	NUM
ape-4776	155	9	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	155	10	habu	habu	NOUN
ape-4776	155	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	155	12	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-4776	155	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	155	14	aluaigba	aluaigba	PROPN
ape-4776	155	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	155	16	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-4776	155	17	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4776	155	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	155	19	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4776	155	20	aminu	aminu	PROPN
ape-4776	155	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	155	22	k.	k.	PROPN
ape-4776	155	23	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	155	24	2012	2012	NUM
ape-4776	155	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	155	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	156	1	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ape-4776	156	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	156	3	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-4776	156	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	156	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	156	6	development	development	NOUN
ape-4776	156	7	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	156	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	156	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	157	1	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ape-4776	157	2	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	157	3	remedies	remedy	NOUN
ape-4776	157	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	158	1	aminu	aminu	PROPN
ape-4776	158	2	kano	kano	PROPN
ape-4776	158	3	centre	centre	PROPN
ape-4776	158	4	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	158	5	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-4776	158	6	research	research	NOUN
ape-4776	158	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	158	8	training	training	NOUN
ape-4776	158	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	159	1	kaplan	kaplan	PROPN
ape-4776	159	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	159	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-4776	159	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-4776	159	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	159	6	1999	1999	NUM
ape-4776	159	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	159	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	159	9	was	be	AUX
ape-4776	159	10	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-4776	159	11	just	just	ADV
ape-4776	159	12	a	a	DET
ape-4776	159	13	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4776	159	14	?	?	PUNCT
ape-4776	160	1	contending	contend	VERB
ape-4776	160	2	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-4776	160	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	160	4	opinions	opinion	NOUN
ape-4776	160	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	160	6	ed	ed	NOUN
ape-4776	160	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	160	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	161	1	coursewise	coursewise	NOUN
ape-4776	161	2	publishing	publishing	NOUN
ape-4776	161	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	162	1	nwokocha	nwokocha	PROPN
ape-4776	162	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	162	3	b.o	b.o	PROPN
ape-4776	162	4	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	162	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	162	6	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4776	162	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	162	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	163	1	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	163	2	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	163	3	administration	administration	NOUN
ape-4776	163	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	163	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	163	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	164	1	eagle	eagle	PROPN
ape-4776	164	2	publishers	publisher	NOUN
ape-4776	164	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	165	1	odondiri	odondiri	PROPN
ape-4776	165	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	165	3	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4776	165	4	g.	g.	PROPN
ape-4776	166	1	o.	o.	PROPN
ape-4776	166	2	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	166	3	2003	2003	NUM
ape-4776	166	4	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	166	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	167	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	167	2	making	making	NOUN
ape-4776	167	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	167	4	a	a	DET
ape-4776	167	5	nation	nation	NOUN
ape-4776	167	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	168	1	stages	stage	NOUN
ape-4776	168	2	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	168	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	168	4	’s	’s	PART
ape-4776	168	5	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ape-4776	168	6	development	development	NOUN
ape-4776	168	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	169	1	amethyst	amethyst	NOUN
ape-4776	169	2	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	169	3	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
ape-4776	169	4	publisher	publisher	NOUN
ape-4776	169	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	170	1	ojukwu	ojukwu	PROPN
ape-4776	170	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	170	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-4776	170	4	c.	c.	PROPN
ape-4776	170	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	170	6	2009	2009	NUM
ape-4776	170	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	170	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	171	1	the	the	DET
ape-4776	171	2	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	171	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	171	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ape-4776	171	5	alleviation	alleviation	NOUN
ape-4776	171	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	171	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4776	171	8	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	171	9	1999	1999	NUM
ape-4776	171	10	-	-	SYM
ape-4776	171	11	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4776	171	12	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	171	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	172	1	a	a	DET
ape-4776	172	2	study	study	NOUN
ape-4776	172	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	172	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ape-4776	172	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-4776	172	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	173	1	thesis	thesis	NOUN
ape-4776	173	2	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	173	3	political	political	ADJ
ape-4776	173	4	science.nnamdi	science.nnamdi	PROPN
ape-4776	173	5	azikiwe	azikiwe	NOUN
ape-4776	173	6	university	university	NOUN
ape-4776	173	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	173	8	awka	awka	NOUN
ape-4776	173	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	174	1	olakunle	olakunle	NOUN
ape-4776	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	174	3	o.	o.	PROPN
ape-4776	174	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-4776	174	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	174	6	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	174	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	174	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	175	1	an	an	DET
ape-4776	175	2	overview	overview	NOUN
ape-4776	175	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	175	4	the	the	DET
ape-4776	175	5	2018	2018	NUM
ape-4776	175	6	gubernatorial	gubernatorial	ADJ
ape-4776	175	7	election	election	NOUN
ape-4776	175	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	175	9	ekiti	ekiti	PROPN
ape-4776	175	10	state	state	NOUN
ape-4776	175	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	176	1	afro	afro	NOUN
ape-4776	176	2	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	176	3	asian	asian	ADJ
ape-4776	176	4	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4776	176	5	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4776	176	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4776	176	7	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4776	176	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	176	9	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4776	176	10	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4776	176	11	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	177	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4776	177	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	177	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4776	177	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4776	177	5	2	2	NUM
ape-4776	177	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	177	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4776	177	8	89	89	NUM
ape-4776	177	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4776	177	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4776	177	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4776	177	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4776	177	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4776	177	14	journal	journal	PROPN
ape-4776	177	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	177	16	social	social	ADJ
ape-4776	177	17	science	science	NOUN
ape-4776	177	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	177	19	ix(iv	ix(iv	NOUN
ape-4776	177	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	177	21	schaffer	schaffer	PROPN
ape-4776	177	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4776	177	23	f.	f.	PROPN
ape-4776	177	24	c.	c.	PROPN
ape-4776	177	25	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4776	177	26	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4776	177	27	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4776	177	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	178	1	elections	election	NOUN
ape-4776	178	2	for	for	ADP
ape-4776	178	3	sale	sale	NOUN
ape-4776	178	4	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4776	178	5	the	the	DET
ape-4776	178	6	causes	cause	NOUN
ape-4776	178	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4776	178	8	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ape-4776	178	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4776	178	10	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-4776	178	11	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4776	178	12	buying	buying	NOUN
ape-4776	178	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4776	179	1	cornell	cornell	PROPN
ape-4776	179	2	university	university	PROPN
ape-4776	179	3	press	press	NOUN
ape-4776	179	4	.	.	PUNCT