id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ape-4871	1	1	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	1	2	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	1	3	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	1	5	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	1	6	issn	issn	VERB
ape-4871	1	7	2576	2576	NUM
ape-4871	1	8	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	1	9	1382	1382	NUM
ape-4871	1	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	1	11	print	print	NOUN
ape-4871	1	12	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	1	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ape-4871	1	14	2576	2576	NUM
ape-4871	1	15	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	1	16	1390	1390	NUM
ape-4871	1	17	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	1	18	online	online	ADJ
ape-4871	1	19	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	1	20	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	1	21	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	2	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	2	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	2	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	2	8	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	2	9	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	2	10	original	original	ADJ
ape-4871	2	11	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-4871	2	12	borderland	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	2	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	14	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	2	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	2	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	2	17	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	2	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	2	19	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	2	20	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	2	21	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	2	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	2	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	24	1914	1914	NUM
ape-4871	2	25	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	2	26	1991	1991	NUM
ape-4871	2	27	bello	bello	NOUN
ape-4871	2	28	zakariya	zakariya	PROPN
ape-4871	2	29	abubakar	abubakar	PROPN
ape-4871	2	30	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	31	ph.d),1	ph.d),1	X
ape-4871	2	32	*	*	X
ape-4871	2	33	tanko	tanko	PROPN
ape-4871	2	34	a.	a.	PROPN
ape-4871	2	35	adihikon	adihikon	PROPN
ape-4871	2	36	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	37	ph.d),1	ph.d),1	X
ape-4871	2	38	*	*	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	39	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	2	40	hamisusani	hamisusani	PROPN
ape-4871	2	41	ali1	ali1	PROPN
ape-4871	2	42	*	*	PROPN
ape-4871	2	43	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	2	44	department	department	NOUN
ape-4871	2	45	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	2	46	history	history	NOUN
ape-4871	2	47	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	2	48	diplomatic	diplomatic	ADJ
ape-4871	2	49	studies	study	NOUN
ape-4871	2	50	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	51	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-4871	2	52	university	university	NOUN
ape-4871	2	53	wukari	wukari	PROPN
ape-4871	2	54	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	55	taraba	taraba	NOUN
ape-4871	2	56	state	state	PROPN
ape-4871	2	57	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	58	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	2	59	*	*	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	60	bello	bello	PROPN
ape-4871	2	61	zakariya	zakariya	PROPN
ape-4871	2	62	abubakar	abubakar	PROPN
ape-4871	2	63	ph.d	ph.d	PROPN
ape-4871	2	64	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	65	tanko	tanko	PROPN
ape-4871	2	66	a.	a.	PROPN
ape-4871	2	67	adihikon	adihikon	PROPN
ape-4871	2	68	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	69	ph.d	ph.d	PROPN
ape-4871	2	70	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	71	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	72	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	2	73	hamisusani	hamisusani	PROPN
ape-4871	2	74	ali	ali	PROPN
ape-4871	2	75	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	76	department	department	NOUN
ape-4871	2	77	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	2	78	history	history	NOUN
ape-4871	2	79	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	2	80	diplomatic	diplomatic	ADJ
ape-4871	2	81	studies	study	NOUN
ape-4871	2	82	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	83	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-4871	2	84	university	university	NOUN
ape-4871	2	85	wukari	wukari	PROPN
ape-4871	2	86	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	87	taraba	taraba	NOUN
ape-4871	2	88	state	state	PROPN
ape-4871	2	89	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	90	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	2	91	received	receive	VERB
ape-4871	2	92	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	93	april	april	PROPN
ape-4871	2	94	14	14	NUM
ape-4871	2	95	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	96	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	2	97	accepted	accept	VERB
ape-4871	2	98	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	99	may	may	AUX
ape-4871	2	100	18	18	NUM
ape-4871	2	101	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	102	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	2	103	online	online	ADV
ape-4871	2	104	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	2	105	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	106	june	june	PROPN
ape-4871	2	107	8	8	NUM
ape-4871	2	108	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	109	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	2	110	doi:10.22158	doi:10.22158	NOUN
ape-4871	2	111	/	/	SYM
ape-4871	2	112	ape.v5n3p1	ape.v5n3p1	NUM
ape-4871	2	113	url	url	NOUN
ape-4871	2	114	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	115	http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n3p1	http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n3p1	NOUN
ape-4871	2	116	abstract	abstract	ADV
ape-4871	2	117	prior	prior	ADV
ape-4871	2	118	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	2	119	the	the	DET
ape-4871	2	120	european	european	PROPN
ape-4871	2	121	conquest	conquest	PROPN
ape-4871	2	122	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	2	123	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	2	124	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	2	125	the	the	DET
ape-4871	2	126	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	2	127	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	2	128	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	2	129	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	2	130	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	2	131	up	up	ADP
ape-4871	2	132	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	2	133	various	various	ADJ
ape-4871	2	134	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	2	135	entities	entity	NOUN
ape-4871	2	136	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	2	137	different	different	ADJ
ape-4871	2	138	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	2	139	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	2	140	religious	religious	ADJ
ape-4871	2	141	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ape-4871	2	142	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	3	1	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	3	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	3	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	3	4	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	3	5	colonization	colonization	NOUN
ape-4871	3	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	3	7	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
ape-4871	3	8	1914	1914	NUM
ape-4871	3	9	amalgamation	amalgamation	NOUN
ape-4871	3	10	brought	bring	VERB
ape-4871	3	11	all	all	DET
ape-4871	3	12	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	3	13	nationalities	nationality	NOUN
ape-4871	3	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	3	15	regions	region	NOUN
ape-4871	3	16	together	together	ADV
ape-4871	3	17	to	to	PART
ape-4871	3	18	form	form	VERB
ape-4871	3	19	what	what	PRON
ape-4871	3	20	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	3	21	now	now	ADV
ape-4871	3	22	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ape-4871	3	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	4	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
ape-4871	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	4	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	4	4	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-4871	4	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	4	6	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	4	7	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ape-4871	4	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	4	9	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	4	10	separated	separate	VERB
ape-4871	4	11	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	4	12	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	4	13	common	common	ADJ
ape-4871	4	14	ethnoreligious	ethnoreligious	ADJ
ape-4871	4	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	4	16	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	4	17	experiences	experience	NOUN
ape-4871	4	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	5	1	thus	thus	ADV
ape-4871	5	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	5	3	most	most	ADJ
ape-4871	5	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	5	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	5	6	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	5	7	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	5	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	5	9	borderlands	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	5	10	freely	freely	ADV
ape-4871	5	11	migrate	migrate	VERB
ape-4871	5	12	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	5	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	5	14	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	5	15	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ape-4871	5	16	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	5	17	neighbouring	neighbouring	NOUN
ape-4871	5	18	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	5	19	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	5	20	respect	respect	NOUN
ape-4871	5	21	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	5	22	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	5	23	laws	law	NOUN
ape-4871	5	24	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	5	25	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	5	26	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	5	27	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ape-4871	5	28	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	5	29	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	5	30	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	5	31	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	5	32	the	the	DET
ape-4871	5	33	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	5	34	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	5	35	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	5	36	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	5	37	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	5	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	6	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-4871	6	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	6	3	nationalism	nationalism	NOUN
ape-4871	6	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	6	5	independence	independence	NOUN
ape-4871	6	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	6	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	6	8	/	/	SYM
ape-4871	6	9	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	6	10	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	6	11	failed	fail	VERB
ape-4871	6	12	to	to	PART
ape-4871	6	13	correct	correct	VERB
ape-4871	6	14	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	6	15	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	6	16	mistakes	mistake	NOUN
ape-4871	6	17	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	6	18	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	6	19	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	6	20	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ape-4871	6	21	to	to	PART
ape-4871	6	22	address	address	VERB
ape-4871	6	23	the	the	DET
ape-4871	6	24	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	6	25	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	6	26	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	6	27	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	6	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	7	1	above	above	ADP
ape-4871	7	2	all	all	PRON
ape-4871	7	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	7	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	7	5	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	7	6	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	7	7	management	management	NOUN
ape-4871	7	8	commission	commission	NOUN
ape-4871	7	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	7	10	nimc	nimc	PROPN
ape-4871	7	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	7	12	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	7	13	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	7	14	established	establish	VERB
ape-4871	7	15	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	7	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	7	17	nimc	nimc	ADJ
ape-4871	7	18	act	act	NOUN
ape-4871	7	19	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	7	20	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	7	21	23	23	NUM
ape-4871	7	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	7	23	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4871	7	24	to	to	PART
ape-4871	7	25	address	address	VERB
ape-4871	7	26	the	the	DET
ape-4871	7	27	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	7	28	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	7	29	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ape-4871	7	30	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	7	31	still	still	ADV
ape-4871	7	32	battling	battle	VERB
ape-4871	7	33	the	the	DET
ape-4871	7	34	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	7	35	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	7	36	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	7	37	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	7	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	8	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ape-4871	8	2	borderland	borderland	VERB
ape-4871	8	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	8	4	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	8	5	indigenization	indigenization	NOUN
ape-4871	8	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	8	7	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	8	9	moribund	moribund	ADJ
ape-4871	8	10	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	8	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	8	12	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ape-4871	8	13	before	before	ADP
ape-4871	8	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	8	15	advent	advent	NOUN
ape-4871	8	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	8	17	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	8	18	colonization	colonization	NOUN
ape-4871	8	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	8	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	8	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	8	22	the	the	DET
ape-4871	8	23	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	8	24	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	8	25	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	8	26	up	up	ADP
ape-4871	8	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	8	28	various	various	ADJ
ape-4871	8	29	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
ape-4871	8	30	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	8	31	entities	entity	NOUN
ape-4871	8	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	8	33	each	each	PRON
ape-4871	8	34	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	8	35	more	more	ADV
ape-4871	8	36	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	8	37	less	less	ADV
ape-4871	8	38	ethnically	ethnically	ADV
ape-4871	8	39	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	8	40	religiously	religiously	ADV
ape-4871	8	41	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ape-4871	8	42	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	8	43	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	8	44	kings	king	NOUN
ape-4871	8	45	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	8	46	rulers	ruler	NOUN
ape-4871	8	47	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	8	48	the	the	DET
ape-4871	8	49	apex	apex	NOUN
ape-4871	8	50	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	8	51	the	the	DET
ape-4871	8	52	administration	administration	NOUN
ape-4871	8	53	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	9	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	9	2	borderlands	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	9	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	9	4	these	these	DET
ape-4871	9	5	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN
ape-4871	9	6	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	9	7	‘	'	PUNCT
ape-4871	9	8	naturally	naturally	ADV
ape-4871	9	9	’	'	PUNCT
ape-4871	9	10	demarcated	demarcate	VERB
ape-4871	9	11	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	9	12	natural	natural	ADJ
ape-4871	9	13	physical	physical	ADJ
ape-4871	9	14	features	feature	NOUN
ape-4871	9	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	9	16	rivers	river	NOUN
ape-4871	9	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	9	18	mountains	mountain	NOUN
ape-4871	9	19	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	9	20	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	9	21	many	many	ADJ
ape-4871	9	22	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ape-4871	9	23	disputes	dispute	NOUN
ape-4871	9	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	9	25	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	9	26	indigenization	indigenization	NOUN
ape-4871	9	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	9	28	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	9	29	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	9	30	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	9	31	the	the	DET
ape-4871	9	32	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	9	33	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	9	34	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	9	35	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	9	36	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	9	37	the	the	DET
ape-4871	9	38	case	case	NOUN
ape-4871	9	39	today	today	NOUN
ape-4871	9	40	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	9	41	opanike	opanike	PROPN
ape-4871	9	42	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	9	43	adulogu	adulogu	PROPN
ape-4871	9	44	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	9	45	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4871	9	46	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	9	47	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	10	1	examples	example	NOUN
ape-4871	10	2	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	10	3	some	some	PRON
ape-4871	10	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	10	5	these	these	DET
ape-4871	10	6	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	10	7	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	10	8	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	10	9	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN
ape-4871	10	10	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	10	11	hausa	hausa	NOUN
ape-4871	10	12	city	city	NOUN
ape-4871	10	13	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	10	14	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	10	15	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	10	16	later	later	ADV
ape-4871	10	17	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	10	18	advances	advance	VERB
ape-4871	10	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	10	20	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	10	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	10	22	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	10	23	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	10	24	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	11	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	11	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	11	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	11	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	11	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	11	8	2	2	NUM
ape-4871	11	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	11	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	11	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	11	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	11	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	11	14	metamorphosed	metamorphose	VERB
ape-4871	11	15	into	into	ADP
ape-4871	11	16	sokoto	sokoto	PROPN
ape-4871	11	17	caliphate	caliphate	PROPN
ape-4871	11	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	19	kanem	kanem	PROPN
ape-4871	11	20	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	21	borno	borno	PROPN
ape-4871	11	22	empire	empire	NOUN
ape-4871	11	23	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	11	24	the	the	DET
ape-4871	11	25	northeast	northeast	NOUN
ape-4871	11	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	27	jukun	jukun	ADJ
ape-4871	11	28	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN
ape-4871	11	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	30	idoma	idoma	NOUN
ape-4871	11	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	32	tiv	tiv	PROPN
ape-4871	11	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	34	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	11	35	other	other	ADJ
ape-4871	11	36	minorities	minority	NOUN
ape-4871	11	37	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	11	38	the	the	DET
ape-4871	11	39	north	north	NOUN
ape-4871	11	40	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	41	central	central	ADJ
ape-4871	11	42	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	11	43	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	44	oyo	oyo	NOUN
ape-4871	11	45	empire	empire	NOUN
ape-4871	11	46	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	11	47	the	the	DET
ape-4871	11	48	south	south	ADJ
ape-4871	11	49	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	50	western	western	ADJ
ape-4871	11	51	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	11	52	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	11	53	the	the	DET
ape-4871	11	54	stateless	stateless	NOUN
ape-4871	11	55	igbo	igbo	ADJ
ape-4871	11	56	society	society	NOUN
ape-4871	11	57	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	11	58	other	other	ADJ
ape-4871	11	59	minorities	minority	NOUN
ape-4871	11	60	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	11	61	the	the	DET
ape-4871	11	62	south	south	ADJ
ape-4871	11	63	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	64	eastern	eastern	ADJ
ape-4871	11	65	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	11	66	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	67	ajayi	ajayi	NOUN
ape-4871	11	68	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	11	69	crowder	crowder	PROPN
ape-4871	11	70	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	71	1977	1977	NUM
ape-4871	11	72	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	73	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4871	11	74	40	40	NUM
ape-4871	11	75	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	11	76	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	12	1	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	12	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	12	3	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	12	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	12	5	european	european	PROPN
ape-4871	12	6	scramble	scramble	VERB
ape-4871	12	7	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	12	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	12	9	partition	partition	NOUN
ape-4871	12	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	12	11	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	12	12	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	12	13	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	12	14	1884	1884	NUM
ape-4871	12	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	12	16	1885	1885	NUM
ape-4871	12	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	12	18	even	even	ADV
ape-4871	12	19	beyond	beyond	ADP
ape-4871	12	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	12	21	french	french	ADJ
ape-4871	12	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	12	23	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	12	24	colonization	colonization	NOUN
ape-4871	12	25	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	12	26	the	the	DET
ape-4871	12	27	west	west	NOUN
ape-4871	12	28	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	12	29	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	12	30	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	12	31	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	12	32	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	12	33	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	12	34	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	12	35	borderlands	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	12	36	separated	separate	VERB
ape-4871	12	37	many	many	ADJ
ape-4871	12	38	families	family	NOUN
ape-4871	12	39	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	12	40	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	12	41	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	12	42	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	12	43	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	12	44	homogenously	homogenously	ADV
ape-4871	12	45	together	together	ADV
ape-4871	12	46	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	12	47	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	12	48	brought	bring	VERB
ape-4871	12	49	about	about	ADP
ape-4871	12	50	the	the	DET
ape-4871	12	51	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	12	52	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	12	53	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	12	54	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	12	55	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	12	56	a	a	DET
ape-4871	12	57	serious	serious	ADJ
ape-4871	12	58	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	12	59	unresolved	unresolved	ADJ
ape-4871	12	60	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	12	61	both	both	CCONJ
ape-4871	12	62	within	within	ADP
ape-4871	12	63	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	12	64	outside	outside	ADP
ape-4871	12	65	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	12	66	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	13	1	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	13	2	conquest	conquest	NOUN
ape-4871	13	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	13	4	colonization	colonization	NOUN
ape-4871	13	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	13	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	13	7	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	13	8	we	we	PRON
ape-4871	13	9	shall	shall	AUX
ape-4871	13	10	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	13	11	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	13	12	done	do	VERB
ape-4871	13	13	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	13	14	a	a	DET
ape-4871	13	15	piecemeal	piecemeal	ADJ
ape-4871	13	16	process	process	NOUN
ape-4871	13	17	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	13	18	1861	1861	NUM
ape-4871	13	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	13	20	1914	1914	NUM
ape-4871	13	21	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	13	22	crowder	crowder	NOUN
ape-4871	13	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	13	24	1962	1962	NUM
ape-4871	13	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	13	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	14	1	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	14	2	borderlands	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	14	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	14	4	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	14	5	all	all	DET
ape-4871	14	6	directions	direction	NOUN
ape-4871	14	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	14	8	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	14	9	shared	share	VERB
ape-4871	14	10	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	14	11	french	french	ADJ
ape-4871	14	12	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	14	13	speaking	speak	VERB
ape-4871	14	14	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	14	15	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	14	16	artificial	artificial	ADJ
ape-4871	14	17	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ape-4871	14	18	lines	line	NOUN
ape-4871	14	19	not	not	PART
ape-4871	14	20	natural	natural	ADJ
ape-4871	14	21	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	14	22	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	14	23	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	14	24	before	before	ADV
ape-4871	14	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	15	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	15	2	we	we	PRON
ape-4871	15	3	shall	shall	AUX
ape-4871	15	4	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	15	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	15	6	this	this	DET
ape-4871	15	7	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	15	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	15	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	15	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	15	11	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	15	12	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	15	13	recognized	recognize	VERB
ape-4871	15	14	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	15	15	being	be	AUX
ape-4871	15	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	15	17	most	most	ADV
ape-4871	15	18	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ape-4871	15	19	heterogeneous	heterogeneous	ADJ
ape-4871	15	20	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	15	21	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	15	22	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	15	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	15	24	ethnically	ethnically	ADV
ape-4871	15	25	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ape-4871	15	26	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	15	27	the	the	DET
ape-4871	15	28	borderland	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	15	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	16	1	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	16	2	constitute	constitute	VERB
ape-4871	16	3	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	16	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	16	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	16	6	most	most	ADV
ape-4871	16	7	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ape-4871	16	8	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ape-4871	16	9	areas	area	NOUN
ape-4871	16	10	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	16	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	16	12	world	world	NOUN
ape-4871	16	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	16	14	despite	despite	SCONJ
ape-4871	16	15	having	have	VERB
ape-4871	16	16	well	well	ADV
ape-4871	16	17	below	below	ADP
ape-4871	16	18	2	2	NUM
ape-4871	16	19	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	16	20	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	16	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	16	22	world	world	NOUN
ape-4871	16	23	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	16	24	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	16	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	17	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	17	2	borderland	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	17	3	shared	share	VERB
ape-4871	17	4	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	17	5	these	these	DET
ape-4871	17	6	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	17	7	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	17	8	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
ape-4871	17	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	17	10	most	most	ADV
ape-4871	17	11	densely	densely	ADV
ape-4871	17	12	populated	populated	ADJ
ape-4871	17	13	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	17	14	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ape-4871	17	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	17	16	ethnically	ethnically	ADV
ape-4871	17	17	speaking	speak	VERB
ape-4871	17	18	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	17	19	connell	connell	PROPN
ape-4871	17	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	17	21	1997	1997	NUM
ape-4871	17	22	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	17	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	18	1	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	18	2	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	18	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	18	4	sticking	sticking	NOUN
ape-4871	18	5	features	feature	NOUN
ape-4871	18	6	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	18	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	18	8	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	18	9	borderland	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	18	10	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	18	11	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	18	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	18	13	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	18	14	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	18	15	share	share	VERB
ape-4871	18	16	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	18	17	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	18	18	more	more	ADV
ape-4871	18	19	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ape-4871	18	20	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	18	21	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	18	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	19	1	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	19	2	example	example	NOUN
ape-4871	19	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	19	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	19	5	hausa	hausa	NOUN
ape-4871	19	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	19	7	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ape-4871	19	8	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	19	9	found	find	VERB
ape-4871	19	10	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	19	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	19	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	19	13	niger	niger	PROPN
ape-4871	19	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	19	15	chad	chad	ADJ
ape-4871	19	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	19	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	19	18	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ape-4871	19	19	republics	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	19	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	19	21	yoruba	yoruba	PROPN
ape-4871	19	22	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	19	23	both	both	CCONJ
ape-4871	19	24	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	19	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	19	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	19	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	19	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	19	29	ewe	ewe	PROPN
ape-4871	19	30	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	19	31	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ape-4871	19	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	19	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	19	34	togo	togo	PROPN
ape-4871	19	35	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	19	36	the	the	DET
ape-4871	19	37	brong	brong	PROPN
ape-4871	19	38	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	19	39	cote	cote	PROPN
ape-4871	19	40	d’ivoire	d’ivoire	PROPN
ape-4871	19	41	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	19	42	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ape-4871	19	43	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	1	along	along	ADP
ape-4871	20	2	these	these	DET
ape-4871	20	3	borderlands	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	20	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	5	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	20	6	are	be	VERB
ape-4871	20	7	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ape-4871	20	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	20	9	modern	modern	ADJ
ape-4871	20	10	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	20	11	markets	market	NOUN
ape-4871	20	12	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	20	13	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	20	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	20	15	ones	one	NOUN
ape-4871	20	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	20	17	jibia	jibia	PROPN
ape-4871	20	18	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	19	magama	magama	NOUN
ape-4871	20	20	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	21	jibia	jibia	NOUN
ape-4871	20	22	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	24	badagry	badagry	NOUN
ape-4871	20	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	26	idi	idi	PROPN
ape-4871	20	27	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	28	iroko	iroko	PROPN
ape-4871	20	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	30	seme	seme	NOUN
ape-4871	20	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	32	hainare	hainare	NOUN
ape-4871	20	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	34	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	20	35	bang	bang	VERB
ape-4871	20	36	down	down	ADP
ape-4871	20	37	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	20	38	always	always	ADV
ape-4871	20	39	attracted	attract	VERB
ape-4871	20	40	merchants	merchant	NOUN
ape-4871	20	41	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	20	42	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ape-4871	20	43	origins	origin	NOUN
ape-4871	20	44	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	45	who	who	PRON
ape-4871	20	46	flock	flock	VERB
ape-4871	20	47	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	20	48	these	these	DET
ape-4871	20	49	markets	market	NOUN
ape-4871	20	50	regardless	regardless	ADV
ape-4871	20	51	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	20	52	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	20	53	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
ape-4871	20	54	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	20	55	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ape-4871	20	56	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	57	usman	usman	NOUN
ape-4871	20	58	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	59	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4871	20	60	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	20	61	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	21	1	2	2	X
ape-4871	21	2	.	.	X
ape-4871	21	3	an	an	DET
ape-4871	21	4	overview	overview	NOUN
ape-4871	21	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	21	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	21	7	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	21	8	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	21	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	21	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	21	11	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	21	12	neighbouring	neighbouring	PROPN
ape-4871	21	13	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	21	14	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	21	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	21	16	has	have	VERB
ape-4871	21	17	four	four	NUM
ape-4871	21	18	major	major	ADJ
ape-4871	21	19	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	21	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	21	21	these	these	DET
ape-4871	21	22	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	21	23	lead	lead	VERB
ape-4871	21	24	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	21	25	four	four	NUM
ape-4871	21	26	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	21	27	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	21	28	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	21	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	22	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	22	2	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	22	3	shares	share	VERB
ape-4871	22	4	a	a	DET
ape-4871	22	5	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	22	6	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	22	7	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ape-4871	22	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	22	9	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	22	10	southern	southern	ADJ
ape-4871	22	11	parts	part	NOUN
ape-4871	22	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	22	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	22	14	cross	cross	PROPN
ape-4871	22	15	river	river	PROPN
ape-4871	22	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	23	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	23	2	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	23	3	borders	border	VERB
ape-4871	23	4	chad	chad	VERB
ape-4871	23	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	23	6	northeast	northeast	NOUN
ape-4871	23	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	23	8	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	23	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	23	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	23	11	north	north	NOUN
ape-4871	23	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	24	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ape-4871	24	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	24	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	24	4	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	24	5	borders	border	VERB
ape-4871	24	6	republic	republic	PROPN
ape-4871	24	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	24	8	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	24	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	24	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	24	11	south	south	ADJ
ape-4871	24	12	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	24	13	western	western	ADJ
ape-4871	24	14	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	24	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	24	16	opanike	opanike	PROPN
ape-4871	24	17	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	24	18	adulogu	adulogu	PROPN
ape-4871	24	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	24	20	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4871	24	21	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	24	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	25	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	25	2	advances	advance	VERB
ape-4871	25	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	25	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	25	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	25	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	25	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	25	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	26	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	26	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	26	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	26	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	26	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	26	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	26	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	26	8	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	26	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	26	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	26	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	26	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	26	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	26	14	figure	figure	NOUN
ape-4871	26	15	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	26	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	26	17	showing	show	VERB
ape-4871	26	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	26	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	26	20	her	her	PRON
ape-4871	26	21	neighbouring	neighbouring	NOUN
ape-4871	26	22	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	26	23	source	source	NOUN
ape-4871	26	24	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	26	25	internet	internet	NOUN
ape-4871	26	26	source	source	NOUN
ape-4871	26	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	27	1	let	let	VERB
ape-4871	27	2	us	we	PRON
ape-4871	27	3	take	take	VERB
ape-4871	27	4	a	a	DET
ape-4871	27	5	look	look	NOUN
ape-4871	27	6	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	27	7	a	a	DET
ape-4871	27	8	brief	brief	ADJ
ape-4871	27	9	profile	profile	NOUN
ape-4871	27	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	27	11	these	these	DET
ape-4871	27	12	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	27	13	bordering	border	VERB
ape-4871	27	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	27	15	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	27	16	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	27	17	artificially	artificially	ADV
ape-4871	27	18	created	create	VERB
ape-4871	27	19	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	27	20	france	france	PROPN
ape-4871	27	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	28	1	firstly	firstly	ADV
ape-4871	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	28	3	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	28	4	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	28	5	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	28	6	known	know	VERB
ape-4871	28	7	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	28	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	28	9	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	28	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	28	11	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	28	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	28	13	formerly	formerly	ADV
ape-4871	28	14	called	call	VERB
ape-4871	28	15	dahomey	dahomey	PROPN
ape-4871	28	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	29	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	29	2	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	29	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	29	4	bordered	border	VERB
ape-4871	29	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	29	6	togo	togo	PROPN
ape-4871	29	7	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	29	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	29	9	west	west	NOUN
ape-4871	29	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	29	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	29	12	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	29	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	29	14	east	east	NOUN
ape-4871	29	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	29	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	29	17	burkina	burkina	PROPN
ape-4871	29	18	faso	faso	PROPN
ape-4871	29	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	29	20	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	29	21	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	29	22	the	the	DET
ape-4871	29	23	north	north	NOUN
ape-4871	29	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	30	1	a	a	DET
ape-4871	30	2	significant	significant	ADJ
ape-4871	30	3	portion	portion	NOUN
ape-4871	30	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	30	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	30	6	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	30	7	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	30	8	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	30	9	lives	live	VERB
ape-4871	30	10	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	30	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	30	12	small	small	ADJ
ape-4871	30	13	southern	southern	ADJ
ape-4871	30	14	coastline	coastline	NOUN
ape-4871	30	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	30	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	30	17	bight	bight	NOUN
ape-4871	30	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	30	19	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	30	20	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	30	21	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	30	22	a	a	DET
ape-4871	30	23	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	30	24	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	30	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	30	26	gulf	gulf	PROPN
ape-4871	30	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	30	28	guinea	guinea	NOUN
ape-4871	30	29	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	30	30	the	the	DET
ape-4871	30	31	northern	northern	ADJ
ape-4871	30	32	tropical	tropical	ADJ
ape-4871	30	33	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	30	34	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	30	35	the	the	DET
ape-4871	30	36	atlantic	atlantic	PROPN
ape-4871	30	37	ocean	ocean	PROPN
ape-4871	30	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	31	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	31	2	capital	capital	NOUN
ape-4871	31	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	31	4	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	31	5	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	31	6	porto	porto	NOUN
ape-4871	31	7	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	31	8	novo	novo	NOUN
ape-4871	31	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	31	10	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	31	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	31	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	31	13	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	31	14	capital	capital	NOUN
ape-4871	31	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	31	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	31	17	seat	seat	NOUN
ape-4871	31	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	31	19	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	31	20	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	31	21	located	locate	VERB
ape-4871	31	22	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	31	23	cotonou	cotonou	PROPN
ape-4871	31	24	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	31	25	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	31	26	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	31	27	the	the	DET
ape-4871	31	28	largest	large	ADJ
ape-4871	31	29	city	city	NOUN
ape-4871	31	30	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	31	31	the	the	DET
ape-4871	31	32	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	31	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	32	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	32	2	official	official	ADJ
ape-4871	32	3	language	language	NOUN
ape-4871	32	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	32	5	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	32	6	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	32	7	french	french	ADJ
ape-4871	32	8	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4871	32	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	32	10	native	native	ADJ
ape-4871	32	11	languages	language	NOUN
ape-4871	32	12	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	32	13	fon	fon	PROPN
ape-4871	32	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	32	15	yoruba	yoruba	PROPN
ape-4871	32	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	32	17	akinjogbin	akinjogbin	PROPN
ape-4871	32	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	32	19	1966	1966	NUM
ape-4871	32	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	32	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	33	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	33	2	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ape-4871	33	3	religion	religion	NOUN
ape-4871	33	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	33	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	33	6	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	33	7	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	33	8	roman	roman	ADJ
ape-4871	33	9	catholicism	catholicism	NOUN
ape-4871	33	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	34	1	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	34	2	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	34	3	are	be	VERB
ape-4871	34	4	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	34	5	muslims	muslim	NOUN
ape-4871	34	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	34	7	voodoo	voodoo	NOUN
ape-4871	34	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	34	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	34	10	protestant	protestant	ADJ
ape-4871	34	11	christians	christian	NOUN
ape-4871	34	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	35	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	35	2	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	35	3	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	35	4	colonized	colonize	VERB
ape-4871	35	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	35	6	france	france	PROPN
ape-4871	35	7	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4871	35	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	35	9	1960	1960	NUM
ape-4871	35	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	35	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	35	12	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	35	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	35	14	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	35	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	35	16	gained	gain	VERB
ape-4871	35	17	full	full	ADJ
ape-4871	35	18	independence	independence	NOUN
ape-4871	35	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	36	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	36	2	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	36	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	36	4	chad	chad	PROPN
ape-4871	36	5	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	36	6	a	a	DET
ape-4871	36	7	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
ape-4871	36	8	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	36	9	located	locate	VERB
ape-4871	36	10	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	36	11	central	central	PROPN
ape-4871	36	12	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	36	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	37	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	37	2	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	37	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	37	4	bordered	border	VERB
ape-4871	37	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	37	6	libya	libya	PROPN
ape-4871	37	7	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	37	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	37	9	north	north	NOUN
ape-4871	37	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	37	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	37	12	central	central	ADJ
ape-4871	37	13	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	37	14	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	37	15	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	37	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	37	17	south	south	NOUN
ape-4871	37	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	37	19	sudan	sudan	PROPN
ape-4871	37	20	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	37	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	37	22	east	east	NOUN
ape-4871	37	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	37	24	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	37	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	37	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	37	27	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	37	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	37	29	southwest	southwest	NOUN
ape-4871	37	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	37	31	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	37	32	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	37	33	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	37	34	the	the	DET
ape-4871	37	35	west	west	NOUN
ape-4871	37	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	38	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	38	2	terms	term	NOUN
ape-4871	38	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	38	4	landmass	landmass	NOUN
ape-4871	38	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	38	6	chad	chad	PROPN
ape-4871	38	7	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	38	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	38	9	fifth	fifth	ADV
ape-4871	38	10	largest	large	ADJ
ape-4871	38	11	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	38	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	38	13	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	38	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	39	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	39	2	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	39	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	39	4	chad	chad	PROPN
ape-4871	39	5	sharing	share	VERB
ape-4871	39	6	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	39	7	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	39	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	39	9	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	39	10	share	share	VERB
ape-4871	39	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	39	12	same	same	ADJ
ape-4871	39	13	religion	religion	NOUN
ape-4871	39	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	39	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	39	16	same	same	ADJ
ape-4871	39	17	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	39	18	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	39	19	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ape-4871	39	20	sara	sara	PROPN
ape-4871	39	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	39	22	arab	arab	PROPN
ape-4871	39	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	39	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	39	25	kanembo	kanembo	NOUN
ape-4871	39	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	40	1	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	40	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	40	3	these	these	DET
ape-4871	40	4	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	40	5	share	share	VERB
ape-4871	40	6	similar	similar	ADJ
ape-4871	40	7	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	40	8	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	40	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	40	10	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4871	40	11	heritage	heritage	NOUN
ape-4871	40	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	41	1	these	these	DET
ape-4871	41	2	religious	religious	ADJ
ape-4871	41	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	41	4	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4871	41	5	similarities	similarity	NOUN
ape-4871	41	6	resulted	result	VERB
ape-4871	41	7	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	41	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	41	9	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	41	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	41	11	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	41	12	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	41	13	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	41	14	samuel	samuel	PROPN
ape-4871	41	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	41	16	1977	1977	NUM
ape-4871	41	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	41	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	42	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	42	2	terms	term	NOUN
ape-4871	42	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	42	4	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	42	5	motives	motive	NOUN
ape-4871	42	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	42	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	42	8	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	42	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	42	10	both	both	DET
ape-4871	42	11	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	42	12	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	42	13	closely	closely	ADV
ape-4871	42	14	related	relate	VERB
ape-4871	42	15	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	42	16	occupation	occupation	NOUN
ape-4871	42	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	42	18	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	42	19	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	42	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	42	21	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	42	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	42	23	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	42	24	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	42	25	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	43	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	43	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	43	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	43	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	43	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	43	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	43	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	43	8	4	4	NUM
ape-4871	43	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	43	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	43	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	43	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	43	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	43	14	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ape-4871	43	15	rearing	rear	VERB
ape-4871	43	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	43	17	hides	hide	VERB
ape-4871	43	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	43	19	skin	skin	NOUN
ape-4871	43	20	production	production	NOUN
ape-4871	43	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	43	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	43	23	so	so	ADV
ape-4871	43	24	many	many	ADJ
ape-4871	43	25	other	other	ADJ
ape-4871	43	26	socio	socio	NOUN
ape-4871	43	27	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	43	28	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4871	43	29	similarities	similarity	NOUN
ape-4871	43	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	44	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	44	2	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	44	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	44	4	named	name	VERB
ape-4871	44	5	after	after	ADP
ape-4871	44	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	44	7	popular	popular	PROPN
ape-4871	44	8	lake	lake	PROPN
ape-4871	44	9	chad	chad	PROPN
ape-4871	44	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	45	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	45	2	capital	capital	NOUN
ape-4871	45	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	45	4	chad	chad	PROPN
ape-4871	45	5	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	45	6	n’djamena	n’djamena	PROPN
ape-4871	45	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	45	8	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	45	9	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	45	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	45	11	largest	large	ADJ
ape-4871	45	12	city	city	NOUN
ape-4871	45	13	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	45	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	45	15	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	45	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	46	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	46	2	official	official	ADJ
ape-4871	46	3	languages	language	NOUN
ape-4871	46	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	46	5	chad	chad	PROPN
ape-4871	46	6	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	46	7	arabic	arabic	ADJ
ape-4871	46	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	46	9	french	french	ADJ
ape-4871	46	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	47	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	47	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	47	3	important	important	ADJ
ape-4871	47	4	to	to	PART
ape-4871	47	5	recall	recall	VERB
ape-4871	47	6	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	47	7	most	most	ADJ
ape-4871	47	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	47	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	47	10	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	47	11	arabic	arabic	ADJ
ape-4871	47	12	students	student	NOUN
ape-4871	47	13	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	47	14	universities	university	NOUN
ape-4871	47	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	47	16	colleges	college	NOUN
ape-4871	47	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	47	18	education	education	NOUN
ape-4871	47	19	must	must	AUX
ape-4871	47	20	go	go	VERB
ape-4871	47	21	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	47	22	ngala	ngala	NOUN
ape-4871	47	23	village	village	NOUN
ape-4871	47	24	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	47	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	47	26	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	47	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	47	28	borno	borno	PROPN
ape-4871	47	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	47	30	chad	chad	VERB
ape-4871	47	31	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	47	32	arabic	arabic	ADJ
ape-4871	47	33	training	training	NOUN
ape-4871	47	34	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	47	35	some	some	DET
ape-4871	47	36	months	month	NOUN
ape-4871	47	37	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	47	38	a	a	DET
ape-4871	47	39	year	year	NOUN
ape-4871	47	40	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	48	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	48	2	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	48	3	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	48	4	colonized	colonize	VERB
ape-4871	48	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	48	6	france	france	PROPN
ape-4871	48	7	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	48	8	1920	1920	NUM
ape-4871	48	9	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4871	48	10	gained	gain	VERB
ape-4871	48	11	independence	independence	NOUN
ape-4871	48	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	48	13	1960	1960	NUM
ape-4871	48	14	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	48	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	48	16	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ape-4871	48	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	48	18	francois	francois	PROPN
ape-4871	48	19	tombalbaye	tombalbaye	PROPN
ape-4871	48	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	49	1	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	49	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	49	3	a	a	DET
ape-4871	49	4	central	central	ADJ
ape-4871	49	5	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	49	6	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	49	7	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	49	8	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	49	9	bordered	border	VERB
ape-4871	49	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	49	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	49	12	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	49	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	49	14	west	west	NOUN
ape-4871	49	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	49	16	chad	chad	VERB
ape-4871	49	17	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	49	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	49	19	north	north	NOUN
ape-4871	49	20	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	49	21	east	east	NOUN
ape-4871	49	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	49	23	the	the	DET
ape-4871	49	24	central	central	ADJ
ape-4871	49	25	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	49	26	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	49	27	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	49	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	49	29	east	east	NOUN
ape-4871	49	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	49	31	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	49	32	equatorial	equatorial	ADJ
ape-4871	49	33	guinea	guinea	NOUN
ape-4871	49	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	49	35	gabon	gabon	PROPN
ape-4871	49	36	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	49	37	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	49	38	the	the	DET
ape-4871	49	39	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	49	40	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	49	41	the	the	DET
ape-4871	49	42	congo	congo	NOUN
ape-4871	49	43	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	49	44	the	the	DET
ape-4871	49	45	south	south	NOUN
ape-4871	49	46	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	50	1	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	50	2	coastline	coastline	NOUN
ape-4871	50	3	lies	lie	VERB
ape-4871	50	4	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	50	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	50	6	bight	bight	NOUN
ape-4871	50	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	50	8	biafra	biafra	NOUN
ape-4871	50	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	50	10	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	50	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	50	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	50	13	gulf	gulf	PROPN
ape-4871	50	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	50	15	guinea	guinea	NOUN
ape-4871	50	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	50	17	the	the	DET
ape-4871	50	18	atlantic	atlantic	PROPN
ape-4871	50	19	ocean	ocean	PROPN
ape-4871	50	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	51	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	51	2	official	official	ADJ
ape-4871	51	3	languages	language	NOUN
ape-4871	51	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	51	5	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ape-4871	51	6	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	51	7	french	french	ADJ
ape-4871	51	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	51	9	english	english	PROPN
ape-4871	51	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	51	11	kunings	kuning	NOUN
ape-4871	51	12	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	51	13	nyamnjoh	nyamnjoh	PROPN
ape-4871	51	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	51	15	2003	2003	NUM
ape-4871	51	16	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	51	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	52	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	52	2	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	52	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	52	4	extremely	extremely	ADV
ape-4871	52	5	culturally	culturally	ADV
ape-4871	52	6	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ape-4871	52	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	52	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	52	9	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	52	10	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	52	11	often	often	ADV
ape-4871	52	12	referred	refer	VERB
ape-4871	52	13	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	52	14	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	52	15	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	52	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	52	17	miniature	miniature	NOUN
ape-4871	52	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	53	1	some	some	PRON
ape-4871	53	2	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	53	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	53	4	natural	natural	ADJ
ape-4871	53	5	features	feature	NOUN
ape-4871	53	6	include	include	VERB
ape-4871	53	7	beaches	beach	NOUN
ape-4871	53	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	53	9	deserts	desert	NOUN
ape-4871	53	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	53	11	mountains	mountain	NOUN
ape-4871	53	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	53	13	rainforests	rainforest	NOUN
ape-4871	53	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	53	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	53	16	savannahs	savannahs	PROPN
ape-4871	53	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	54	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	54	2	highest	high	ADJ
ape-4871	54	3	point	point	NOUN
ape-4871	54	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	54	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	54	6	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	54	7	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	54	8	almost	almost	ADV
ape-4871	54	9	4	4	NUM
ape-4871	54	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	54	11	100metres	100metres	NUM
ape-4871	54	12	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	54	13	13	13	NUM
ape-4871	54	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	54	15	500	500	NUM
ape-4871	54	16	ft	ft	NOUN
ape-4871	54	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	54	18	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	54	19	mount	mount	PROPN
ape-4871	54	20	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	54	21	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	54	22	the	the	DET
ape-4871	54	23	southwest	southwest	ADJ
ape-4871	54	24	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	54	25	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	54	26	the	the	DET
ape-4871	54	27	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	54	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	55	1	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	55	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	55	3	largest	large	ADJ
ape-4871	55	4	city	city	NOUN
ape-4871	55	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	55	6	terms	term	NOUN
ape-4871	55	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	55	8	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	55	9	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	55	10	duala	duala	ADJ
ape-4871	55	11	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	55	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	55	13	wouri	wouri	PROPN
ape-4871	55	14	river	river	PROPN
ape-4871	55	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	56	1	duala	duala	PROPN
ape-4871	56	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	56	3	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	56	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	56	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	56	6	capital	capital	NOUN
ape-4871	56	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	56	8	main	main	ADJ
ape-4871	56	9	seaport	seaport	NOUN
ape-4871	56	10	while	while	SCONJ
ape-4871	56	11	yaoundé	yaoundé	NOUN
ape-4871	56	12	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	56	13	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	56	14	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	56	15	capital	capital	NOUN
ape-4871	56	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	57	1	based	base	VERB
ape-4871	57	2	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	57	3	history	history	NOUN
ape-4871	57	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	57	5	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	57	6	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	57	7	colonized	colonize	VERB
ape-4871	57	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	57	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	57	10	past	past	NOUN
ape-4871	57	11	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	57	12	germany	germany	PROPN
ape-4871	57	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	57	14	france	france	PROPN
ape-4871	57	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	57	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	57	17	britain	britain	PROPN
ape-4871	57	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	58	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	58	2	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	58	3	eventually	eventually	ADV
ape-4871	58	4	gained	gain	VERB
ape-4871	58	5	independence	independence	NOUN
ape-4871	58	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	58	7	1961	1961	NUM
ape-4871	58	8	to	to	PART
ape-4871	58	9	become	become	VERB
ape-4871	58	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	58	11	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-4871	58	12	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	58	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	58	14	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	58	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	59	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	59	2	nigerian	nigerian	PROPN
ape-4871	59	3	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	59	4	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	59	5	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	59	6	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	59	7	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	59	8	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	59	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	59	10	coast	coast	NOUN
ape-4871	59	11	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	59	12	a	a	DET
ape-4871	59	13	1963	1963	NUM
ape-4871	59	14	map	map	NOUN
ape-4871	59	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	59	16	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	59	17	bakassi	bakassi	NOUN
ape-4871	59	18	peninsula	peninsula	NOUN
ape-4871	59	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	59	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	59	21	middle	middle	NOUN
ape-4871	59	22	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	59	23	shown	show	VERB
ape-4871	59	24	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	59	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	59	26	map	map	NOUN
ape-4871	59	27	ii	ii	PROPN
ape-4871	59	28	attached	attach	VERB
ape-4871	59	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	60	1	bakassi	bakassi	NOUN
ape-4871	60	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	60	3	a	a	DET
ape-4871	60	4	peninsula	peninsula	NOUN
ape-4871	60	5	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	60	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	60	7	gulf	gulf	NOUN
ape-4871	60	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	60	9	guinea	guinea	NOUN
ape-4871	60	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	61	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	61	2	lies	lie	VERB
ape-4871	61	3	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	61	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	61	5	cross	cross	NOUN
ape-4871	61	6	river	river	NOUN
ape-4871	61	7	estuaries	estuary	NOUN
ape-4871	61	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	61	9	near	near	ADP
ape-4871	61	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	61	11	city	city	NOUN
ape-4871	61	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	61	13	calabar	calabar	PROPN
ape-4871	61	14	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	61	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	61	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	61	17	bight	bight	NOUN
ape-4871	61	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	61	19	biafra	biafra	NOUN
ape-4871	61	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	61	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	61	22	the	the	DET
ape-4871	61	23	rio	rio	PROPN
ape-4871	61	24	del	del	PROPN
ape-4871	61	25	ray	ray	PROPN
ape-4871	61	26	estuary	estuary	NOUN
ape-4871	61	27	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	61	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	61	29	east	east	NOUN
ape-4871	61	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	62	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	62	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	62	3	governed	govern	VERB
ape-4871	62	4	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	62	5	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ape-4871	62	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	62	7	following	follow	VERB
ape-4871	62	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	62	9	transfer	transfer	NOUN
ape-4871	62	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	62	11	sovereignty	sovereignty	NOUN
ape-4871	62	12	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	62	13	neighbouring	neighbouring	PROPN
ape-4871	62	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	62	15	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	62	16	a	a	DET
ape-4871	62	17	result	result	NOUN
ape-4871	62	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	62	19	a	a	DET
ape-4871	62	20	judgment	judgment	NOUN
ape-4871	62	21	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	62	22	the	the	DET
ape-4871	62	23	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	62	24	court	court	NOUN
ape-4871	62	25	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	62	26	justice	justice	NOUN
ape-4871	62	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	63	1	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	63	2	22	22	NUM
ape-4871	63	3	november	november	PROPN
ape-4871	63	4	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4871	63	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	63	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	63	7	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	63	8	senate	senate	PROPN
ape-4871	63	9	rejected	reject	VERB
ape-4871	63	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	63	11	transfer	transfer	NOUN
ape-4871	63	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	63	13	since	since	SCONJ
ape-4871	63	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	63	15	green	green	ADJ
ape-4871	63	16	tree	tree	NOUN
ape-4871	63	17	agreement	agreement	NOUN
ape-4871	63	18	ceding	cede	VERB
ape-4871	63	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	63	20	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	63	21	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	63	22	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	63	23	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	63	24	contrary	contrary	ADJ
ape-4871	63	25	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	63	26	section	section	NOUN
ape-4871	63	27	2	2	NUM
ape-4871	63	28	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	63	29	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	63	30	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	63	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	63	32	the	the	DET
ape-4871	63	33	1991	1991	NUM
ape-4871	63	34	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ape-4871	63	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	64	1	regardless	regardless	ADV
ape-4871	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	64	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	64	4	territory	territory	NOUN
ape-4871	64	5	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	64	6	transferred	transfer	VERB
ape-4871	64	7	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	64	8	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ape-4871	64	9	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	64	10	14	14	NUM
ape-4871	64	11	august	august	PROPN
ape-4871	64	12	2008	2008	NUM
ape-4871	64	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	65	1	during	during	ADP
ape-4871	65	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	65	3	scramble	scramble	NOUN
ape-4871	65	4	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	65	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	65	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	65	7	queen	queen	PROPN
ape-4871	65	8	victoria	victoria	PROPN
ape-4871	65	9	signed	sign	VERB
ape-4871	65	10	a	a	DET
ape-4871	65	11	treaty	treaty	NOUN
ape-4871	65	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	65	13	protection	protection	NOUN
ape-4871	65	14	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	65	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	65	16	king	king	NOUN
ape-4871	65	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	65	18	chiefs	chief	NOUN
ape-4871	65	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	65	20	akwaakpa	akwaakpa	NOUN
ape-4871	65	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	65	22	known	know	VERB
ape-4871	65	23	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	65	24	europeans	europeans	PROPN
ape-4871	65	25	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	65	26	old	old	ADJ
ape-4871	65	27	calabar	calabar	NOUN
ape-4871	65	28	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	65	29	10	10	NUM
ape-4871	65	30	september	september	PROPN
ape-4871	65	31	1884	1884	NUM
ape-4871	65	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	66	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	66	2	enabled	enable	VERB
ape-4871	66	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	66	4	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	66	5	empire	empire	NOUN
ape-4871	66	6	to	to	PART
ape-4871	66	7	exercise	exercise	VERB
ape-4871	66	8	control	control	NOUN
ape-4871	66	9	over	over	ADP
ape-4871	66	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	66	11	entire	entire	ADJ
ape-4871	66	12	territory	territory	NOUN
ape-4871	66	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	66	14	calabar	calabar	PROPN
ape-4871	66	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	66	16	including	include	VERB
ape-4871	66	17	bakassi	bakassi	NOUN
ape-4871	66	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	67	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	67	2	territory	territory	NOUN
ape-4871	67	3	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
ape-4871	67	4	became	become	VERB
ape-4871	67	5	a	a	DET
ape-4871	67	6	de	de	X
ape-4871	67	7	facto	facto	X
ape-4871	67	8	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	67	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	67	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	67	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	67	12	although	although	SCONJ
ape-4871	67	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	67	14	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	67	15	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	67	16	never	never	ADV
ape-4871	67	17	permanently	permanently	ADV
ape-4871	67	18	delineated	delineated	ADJ
ape-4871	67	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	68	1	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	68	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	68	3	documents	document	NOUN
ape-4871	68	4	released	release	VERB
ape-4871	68	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	68	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	68	7	cameroonians	cameroonian	NOUN
ape-4871	68	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	68	9	partly	partly	ADV
ape-4871	68	10	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	68	11	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	68	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	68	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	68	14	british	british	PROPN
ape-4871	68	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	68	16	germans	german	NOUN
ape-4871	68	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	68	18	clearly	clearly	ADV
ape-4871	68	19	placed	place	VERB
ape-4871	68	20	bakassi	bakassi	NOUN
ape-4871	68	21	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	68	22	cameroonian	cameroonian	PROPN
ape-4871	68	23	territory	territory	NOUN
ape-4871	68	24	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	68	25	a	a	DET
ape-4871	68	26	consequence	consequence	NOUN
ape-4871	68	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	68	28	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	68	29	anglo	anglo	ADJ
ape-4871	68	30	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	68	31	german	german	ADJ
ape-4871	68	32	agreements	agreement	NOUN
ape-4871	68	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	69	1	after	after	SCONJ
ape-4871	69	2	southern	southern	ADJ
ape-4871	69	3	cameroons	cameroon	NOUN
ape-4871	69	4	voted	vote	VERB
ape-4871	69	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	69	6	1961	1961	NUM
ape-4871	69	7	to	to	PART
ape-4871	69	8	leave	leave	VERB
ape-4871	69	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	69	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	69	11	become	become	VERB
ape-4871	69	12	a	a	DET
ape-4871	69	13	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	69	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	69	15	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ape-4871	69	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	69	17	bakassi	bakassi	NOUN
ape-4871	69	18	remained	remain	VERB
ape-4871	69	19	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	69	20	calabar	calabar	PROPN
ape-4871	69	21	administration	administration	NOUN
ape-4871	69	22	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	69	23	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	69	24	until	until	ADP
ape-4871	69	25	icj	icj	NOUN
ape-4871	69	26	judgment	judgment	NOUN
ape-4871	69	27	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	69	28	2002	2002	NUM
ape-4871	69	29	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	69	30	lej.org	lej.org	PROPN
ape-4871	69	31	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	69	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	70	1	niger	niger	PROPN
ape-4871	70	2	officially	officially	ADV
ape-4871	70	3	known	know	VERB
ape-4871	70	4	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	70	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	70	6	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	70	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	70	8	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	70	9	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	70	10	a	a	DET
ape-4871	70	11	landlocked	landlocked	ADJ
ape-4871	70	12	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	70	13	located	locate	VERB
ape-4871	70	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	70	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	70	16	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	70	17	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	70	18	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	70	19	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	70	20	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	70	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	70	22	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	70	23	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	70	24	named	name	VERB
ape-4871	70	25	after	after	ADP
ape-4871	70	26	the	the	DET
ape-4871	70	27	niger	niger	PROPN
ape-4871	70	28	river	river	NOUN
ape-4871	70	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	71	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	71	2	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	71	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	71	4	bordered	border	VERB
ape-4871	71	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	71	6	libya	libya	PROPN
ape-4871	71	7	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	71	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	71	9	northeast	northeast	NOUN
ape-4871	71	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	71	11	chad	chad	VERB
ape-4871	71	12	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	71	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	71	14	east	east	PROPN
ape-4871	71	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	71	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	71	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	71	18	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	71	19	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	71	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	71	21	south	south	NOUN
ape-4871	71	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	71	23	burkina	burkina	PROPN
ape-4871	71	24	faso	faso	PROPN
ape-4871	71	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	71	26	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	71	27	mali	mali	VERB
ape-4871	71	28	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	71	29	the	the	DET
ape-4871	71	30	west	west	NOUN
ape-4871	71	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	71	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	71	33	algeria	algeria	PROPN
ape-4871	71	34	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	71	35	the	the	DET
ape-4871	71	36	northwest	northwest	NOUN
ape-4871	71	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	72	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	72	2	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	72	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	72	4	niger	niger	PROPN
ape-4871	72	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	72	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	72	7	do	do	AUX
ape-4871	72	8	not	not	PART
ape-4871	72	9	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
ape-4871	72	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	72	11	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	72	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	72	13	any	any	DET
ape-4871	72	14	way	way	NOUN
ape-4871	72	15	because	because	SCONJ
ape-4871	72	16	these	these	DET
ape-4871	72	17	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	72	18	advances	advance	VERB
ape-4871	72	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	72	20	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	72	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	72	22	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	72	23	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	72	24	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	73	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	73	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	73	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	73	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	73	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	73	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	73	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	73	8	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	73	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	73	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	73	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	73	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	73	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	74	1	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	74	2	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	74	3	had	have	VERB
ape-4871	74	4	similar	similar	ADJ
ape-4871	74	5	ways	way	NOUN
ape-4871	74	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	74	7	life	life	NOUN
ape-4871	74	8	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	74	9	ages	age	NOUN
ape-4871	74	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	75	1	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	75	2	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	75	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	75	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	75	5	same	same	ADJ
ape-4871	75	6	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	75	7	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	75	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	75	9	have	have	VERB
ape-4871	75	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	75	11	same	same	ADJ
ape-4871	75	12	socio	socio	NOUN
ape-4871	75	13	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	75	14	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	75	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	75	16	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4871	75	17	similarities	similarity	NOUN
ape-4871	75	18	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	75	19	noted	note	VERB
ape-4871	75	20	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	75	21	abdullahilabo	abdullahilabo	ADJ
ape-4871	75	22	above	above	ADV
ape-4871	75	23	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	75	24	labo	labo	PROPN
ape-4871	75	25	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	75	26	afolaya	afolaya	PROPN
ape-4871	75	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	75	28	2000	2000	NUM
ape-4871	75	29	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	76	1	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	76	2	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	76	3	mostly	mostly	ADV
ape-4871	76	4	muslims	muslim	NOUN
ape-4871	76	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	76	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	76	7	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	76	8	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	76	9	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ape-4871	76	10	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	76	11	agriculturalists	agriculturalist	NOUN
ape-4871	76	12	whose	whose	DET
ape-4871	76	13	expertise	expertise	NOUN
ape-4871	76	14	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	76	15	deeply	deeply	ADV
ape-4871	76	16	rooted	rooted	ADJ
ape-4871	76	17	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	76	18	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ape-4871	76	19	rearing	rear	VERB
ape-4871	76	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	77	1	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	77	2	have	have	VERB
ape-4871	77	3	cross	cross	ADJ
ape-4871	77	4	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	77	5	border	border	ADJ
ape-4871	77	6	marriages	marriage	NOUN
ape-4871	77	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	77	8	family	family	NOUN
ape-4871	77	9	ties	tie	NOUN
ape-4871	77	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	77	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	77	12	similar	similar	ADJ
ape-4871	77	13	ways	way	NOUN
ape-4871	77	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	77	15	dressing	dressing	NOUN
ape-4871	77	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	77	17	geographically	geographically	ADV
ape-4871	77	18	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	77	19	have	have	VERB
ape-4871	77	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	77	21	same	same	ADJ
ape-4871	77	22	territorial	territorial	ADJ
ape-4871	77	23	landscape	landscape	NOUN
ape-4871	77	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	78	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	78	2	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	78	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	78	4	predominantly	predominantly	ADV
ape-4871	78	5	muslims	muslim	NOUN
ape-4871	78	6	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	78	7	some	some	DET
ape-4871	78	8	christians	christian	NOUN
ape-4871	78	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	79	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	79	2	capital	capital	NOUN
ape-4871	79	3	city	city	NOUN
ape-4871	79	4	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	79	5	niamey	niamey	VERB
ape-4871	79	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	80	1	over	over	ADP
ape-4871	80	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	80	3	years	year	NOUN
ape-4871	80	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	80	5	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	80	6	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	80	7	consistently	consistently	ADV
ape-4871	80	8	ranked	rank	VERB
ape-4871	80	9	close	close	ADV
ape-4871	80	10	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	80	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	80	12	bottom	bottom	NOUN
ape-4871	80	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	80	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	80	15	united	united	PROPN
ape-4871	80	16	nations	nations	PROPN
ape-4871	80	17	human	human	PROPN
ape-4871	80	18	development	development	PROPN
ape-4871	80	19	index	index	NOUN
ape-4871	80	20	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	80	21	hdi	hdi	PROPN
ape-4871	80	22	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	80	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	81	1	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	81	2	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	81	3	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4871	81	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	81	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	81	6	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	81	7	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	81	8	ranked	rank	VERB
ape-4871	81	9	187th	187th	ADV
ape-4871	81	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	81	11	188	188	NUM
ape-4871	81	12	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	81	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	82	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	82	2	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	82	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	82	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	82	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	82	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	82	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	82	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	83	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	83	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	83	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	83	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	83	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	83	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	83	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	83	8	6	6	NUM
ape-4871	83	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	83	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	83	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	83	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	83	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	83	14	figure	figure	NOUN
ape-4871	83	15	2	2	NUM
ape-4871	83	16	.	.	X
ape-4871	83	17	showing	show	VERB
ape-4871	83	18	bakassi	bakassi	NOUN
ape-4871	83	19	peninsula	peninsula	NOUN
ape-4871	83	20	source	source	NOUN
ape-4871	83	21	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	83	22	internet	internet	NOUN
ape-4871	83	23	source	source	NOUN
ape-4871	83	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	84	1	2.1	2.1	NUM
ape-4871	84	2	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	84	3	creation	creation	NOUN
ape-4871	84	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	84	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	84	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	84	7	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	84	8	implications	implication	NOUN
ape-4871	84	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	84	10	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	84	11	conquest	conquest	NOUN
ape-4871	84	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	84	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	84	14	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	84	15	done	do	VERB
ape-4871	84	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	84	17	a	a	DET
ape-4871	84	18	peace	peace	NOUN
ape-4871	84	19	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	84	20	meal	meal	NOUN
ape-4871	84	21	process	process	NOUN
ape-4871	84	22	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	84	23	stages	stage	NOUN
ape-4871	84	24	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	84	25	1861	1861	NUM
ape-4871	84	26	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	84	27	1914	1914	NUM
ape-4871	84	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	85	1	this	this	DET
ape-4871	85	2	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	85	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	85	4	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	85	5	subjugation	subjugation	NOUN
ape-4871	85	6	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	85	7	motivated	motivate	VERB
ape-4871	85	8	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	85	9	purely	purely	ADV
ape-4871	85	10	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	85	11	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	85	12	regardless	regardless	ADV
ape-4871	85	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	85	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	85	15	peoples	people	NOUN
ape-4871	85	16	’	’	PART
ape-4871	85	17	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4871	85	18	affiliations	affiliation	NOUN
ape-4871	85	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	86	1	thus	thus	ADV
ape-4871	86	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	86	3	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	86	4	resulted	result	VERB
ape-4871	86	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	86	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	86	7	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	86	8	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
ape-4871	86	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	86	10	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	86	11	natural	natural	ADJ
ape-4871	86	12	resources	resource	NOUN
ape-4871	86	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	86	14	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4871	86	15	separation	separation	NOUN
ape-4871	86	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	86	17	families	family	NOUN
ape-4871	86	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	86	19	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ape-4871	86	20	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	86	21	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	86	22	along	along	ADP
ape-4871	86	23	the	the	DET
ape-4871	86	24	borderland	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	86	25	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	86	26	noted	note	VERB
ape-4871	86	27	above	above	ADV
ape-4871	86	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	87	1	to	to	PART
ape-4871	87	2	fully	fully	ADV
ape-4871	87	3	understand	understand	VERB
ape-4871	87	4	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	87	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	87	6	let	let	VERB
ape-4871	87	7	’s	’s	PRON
ape-4871	87	8	examine	examine	VERB
ape-4871	87	9	critically	critically	ADV
ape-4871	87	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	87	11	stages	stage	NOUN
ape-4871	87	12	involved	involve	VERB
ape-4871	87	13	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	87	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	87	15	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	87	16	conquest	conquest	NOUN
ape-4871	87	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	87	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	87	19	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	87	20	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	87	21	ulterior	ulterior	ADJ
ape-4871	87	22	motives	motive	NOUN
ape-4871	87	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	88	1	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	88	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	88	3	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	88	4	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	88	5	important	important	ADJ
ape-4871	88	6	to	to	PART
ape-4871	88	7	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	88	8	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	88	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	88	10	before	before	ADP
ape-4871	88	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	88	12	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	88	13	conquest	conquest	NOUN
ape-4871	88	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	88	15	all	all	DET
ape-4871	88	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	88	17	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN
ape-4871	88	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	88	19	empires	empire	NOUN
ape-4871	88	20	mentioned	mention	VERB
ape-4871	88	21	above	above	ADV
ape-4871	88	22	had	have	VERB
ape-4871	88	23	natural	natural	ADJ
ape-4871	88	24	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ape-4871	88	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	88	26	the	the	DET
ape-4871	88	27	peoples	people	NOUN
ape-4871	88	28	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	88	29	ethnically	ethnically	ADV
ape-4871	88	30	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ape-4871	88	31	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	88	32	the	the	DET
ape-4871	88	33	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	88	34	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	88	35	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	88	36	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	88	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	89	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	89	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	89	3	an	an	DET
ape-4871	89	4	indispensable	indispensable	ADJ
ape-4871	89	5	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-4871	89	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	89	7	history	history	NOUN
ape-4871	89	8	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	89	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	89	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	89	11	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	89	12	a	a	DET
ape-4871	89	13	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	89	14	creation	creation	NOUN
ape-4871	89	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	89	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	89	17	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	89	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	89	19	various	various	ADJ
ape-4871	89	20	peoples	people	NOUN
ape-4871	89	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	89	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	89	23	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	89	24	brought	bring	VERB
ape-4871	89	25	together	together	ADV
ape-4871	89	26	politically	politically	ADV
ape-4871	89	27	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	89	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	89	29	efforts	effort	NOUN
ape-4871	89	30	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	89	31	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	89	32	officials	official	NOUN
ape-4871	89	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	89	34	traders	trader	NOUN
ape-4871	89	35	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	89	36	the	the	DET
ape-4871	89	37	support	support	NOUN
ape-4871	89	38	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	89	39	the	the	DET
ape-4871	89	40	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	89	41	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	89	42	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	90	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	90	2	first	first	ADJ
ape-4871	90	3	step	step	NOUN
ape-4871	90	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	90	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	90	6	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	90	7	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
ape-4871	90	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	90	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	90	10	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	90	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	90	12	annexation	annexation	NOUN
ape-4871	90	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	90	14	lagos	lago	NOUN
ape-4871	90	15	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	90	16	1861	1861	NUM
ape-4871	90	17	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	90	18	lagos	lagos	NOUN
ape-4871	90	19	colony	colony	NOUN
ape-4871	90	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	91	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	91	2	this	this	DET
ape-4871	91	3	regard	regard	NOUN
ape-4871	91	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	91	5	j.f.a	j.f.a	PROPN
ape-4871	91	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	91	7	ajayi	ajayi	PROPN
ape-4871	91	8	makes	make	VERB
ape-4871	91	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	91	10	following	follow	VERB
ape-4871	91	11	submission	submission	NOUN
ape-4871	91	12	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4871	91	13	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	91	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	91	15	1861	1861	NUM
ape-4871	91	16	annexation	annexation	NOUN
ape-4871	91	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	91	18	lagos	lago	NOUN
ape-4871	91	19	marked	mark	VERB
ape-4871	91	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	91	21	first	first	ADJ
ape-4871	91	22	major	major	ADJ
ape-4871	91	23	step	step	NOUN
ape-4871	91	24	taken	take	VERB
ape-4871	91	25	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	91	26	the	the	DET
ape-4871	91	27	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	91	28	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	91	29	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	91	30	the	the	DET
ape-4871	91	31	19th	19th	ADJ
ape-4871	91	32	century	century	NOUN
ape-4871	91	33	to	to	PART
ape-4871	91	34	acquire	acquire	VERB
ape-4871	91	35	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	91	36	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	91	37	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	91	38	domination	domination	NOUN
ape-4871	91	39	over	over	ADP
ape-4871	91	40	the	the	DET
ape-4871	91	41	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	91	42	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	91	43	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	91	44	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	91	45	ajayi	ajayi	PROPN
ape-4871	91	46	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	91	47	crowder	crowder	PROPN
ape-4871	91	48	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	91	49	1977	1977	NUM
ape-4871	91	50	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	91	51	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4871	91	52	55	55	NUM
ape-4871	91	53	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	91	54	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	91	55	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	92	1	then	then	ADV
ape-4871	92	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	92	3	britain	britain	PROPN
ape-4871	92	4	proceeded	proceed	VERB
ape-4871	92	5	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	92	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	92	7	minority	minority	NOUN
ape-4871	92	8	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	92	9	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	92	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	92	11	established	establish	VERB
ape-4871	92	12	oil	oil	NOUN
ape-4871	92	13	rivers	river	NOUN
ape-4871	92	14	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	92	15	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	92	16	1885	1885	NUM
ape-4871	92	17	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	92	18	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	92	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	92	20	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	92	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	92	22	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	92	23	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	92	24	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	93	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	93	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	93	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	93	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	93	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	93	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	93	8	7	7	NUM
ape-4871	93	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	93	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	93	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	93	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	93	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	94	1	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	94	2	a	a	DET
ape-4871	94	3	result	result	NOUN
ape-4871	94	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	94	5	increasing	increase	VERB
ape-4871	94	6	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN
ape-4871	94	7	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	94	8	other	other	ADJ
ape-4871	94	9	european	european	ADJ
ape-4871	94	10	powers	power	NOUN
ape-4871	94	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	94	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	94	13	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	94	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	95	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	95	2	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	95	3	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	95	4	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	95	5	still	still	ADV
ape-4871	95	6	very	very	ADV
ape-4871	95	7	unwilling	unwilling	ADJ
ape-4871	95	8	to	to	PART
ape-4871	95	9	undertake	undertake	VERB
ape-4871	95	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	95	11	heavy	heavy	ADJ
ape-4871	95	12	financial	financial	ADJ
ape-4871	95	13	burden	burden	NOUN
ape-4871	95	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	95	15	administering	administer	VERB
ape-4871	95	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	95	17	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	95	18	despite	despite	SCONJ
ape-4871	95	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	95	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	95	21	stipulations	stipulation	NOUN
ape-4871	95	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	95	23	the	the	DET
ape-4871	95	24	berlin	berlin	PROPN
ape-4871	95	25	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	95	26	african	african	PROPN
ape-4871	95	27	conference	conference	NOUN
ape-4871	95	28	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	95	29	effective	effective	ADJ
ape-4871	95	30	occupation	occupation	NOUN
ape-4871	95	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	96	1	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4871	96	2	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	96	3	1891	1891	NUM
ape-4871	96	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	96	5	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	96	6	created	create	VERB
ape-4871	96	7	a	a	DET
ape-4871	96	8	skeletal	skeletal	ADJ
ape-4871	96	9	administration	administration	NOUN
ape-4871	96	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	96	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	96	12	appointment	appointment	NOUN
ape-4871	96	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	96	14	a	a	DET
ape-4871	96	15	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
ape-4871	96	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	96	17	consul	consul	NOUN
ape-4871	96	18	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	96	19	general	general	NOUN
ape-4871	96	20	who	who	PRON
ape-4871	96	21	resided	reside	VERB
ape-4871	96	22	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	96	23	old	old	ADJ
ape-4871	96	24	calabar	calabar	PROPN
ape-4871	96	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	97	1	consuls	consul	NOUN
ape-4871	97	2	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	97	3	vice	vice	NOUN
ape-4871	97	4	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	97	5	consuls	consul	NOUN
ape-4871	97	6	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	97	7	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	97	8	appointed	appoint	VERB
ape-4871	97	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	98	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	98	2	1893	1893	NUM
ape-4871	98	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	98	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	98	5	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	98	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	98	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	98	8	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	98	9	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	98	10	extended	extend	VERB
ape-4871	98	11	inland	inland	ADV
ape-4871	98	12	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	98	13	lokoja	lokoja	PROPN
ape-4871	98	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	98	15	benue	benue	VERB
ape-4871	98	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	98	17	renamed	rename	VERB
ape-4871	98	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	98	19	niger	niger	PROPN
ape-4871	98	20	coast	coast	NOUN
ape-4871	98	21	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	98	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	99	1	then	then	ADV
ape-4871	99	2	in1897	in1897	PROPN
ape-4871	99	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	99	4	following	follow	VERB
ape-4871	99	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	99	6	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	99	7	occupation	occupation	NOUN
ape-4871	99	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	99	9	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	99	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	99	11	that	that	DET
ape-4871	99	12	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	99	13	west	west	ADV
ape-4871	99	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	99	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	99	16	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	99	17	became	become	VERB
ape-4871	99	18	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	99	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	99	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	99	21	niger	niger	PROPN
ape-4871	99	22	coast	coast	PROPN
ape-4871	99	23	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	99	24	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	99	25	berlin	berlin	PROPN
ape-4871	99	26	conference	conference	PROPN
ape-4871	99	27	act	act	PROPN
ape-4871	99	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	99	29	1884	1884	NUM
ape-4871	99	30	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	99	31	1885	1885	NUM
ape-4871	99	32	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	99	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	100	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
ape-4871	100	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	100	3	certain	certain	ADJ
ape-4871	100	4	events	event	NOUN
ape-4871	100	5	had	have	AUX
ape-4871	100	6	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	100	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	100	8	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	100	9	occupation	occupation	NOUN
ape-4871	100	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	100	11	yoruba	yoruba	PROPN
ape-4871	100	12	land	land	NOUN
ape-4871	100	13	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ape-4871	100	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	101	1	these	these	PRON
ape-4871	101	2	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	101	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	101	4	adverse	adverse	ADJ
ape-4871	101	5	effects	effect	NOUN
ape-4871	101	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	101	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	101	8	yoruba	yoruba	PROPN
ape-4871	101	9	wars	war	NOUN
ape-4871	101	10	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	101	11	trade	trade	NOUN
ape-4871	101	12	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	101	13	lagos	lago	NOUN
ape-4871	101	14	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	101	15	led	lead	VERB
ape-4871	101	16	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	101	17	increasing	increase	VERB
ape-4871	101	18	interference	interference	NOUN
ape-4871	101	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	101	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	101	21	affairs	affair	NOUN
ape-4871	101	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	101	23	yoruba	yoruba	PROPN
ape-4871	101	24	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	101	25	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	101	26	the	the	DET
ape-4871	101	27	lagos	lagos	PROPN
ape-4871	101	28	administration	administration	NOUN
ape-4871	101	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	101	30	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	101	31	the	the	DET
ape-4871	101	32	threat	threat	NOUN
ape-4871	101	33	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	101	34	french	french	ADJ
ape-4871	101	35	encroachment	encroachment	NOUN
ape-4871	101	36	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	101	37	yorubaland	yorubaland	NOUN
ape-4871	101	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	102	1	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	102	2	a	a	DET
ape-4871	102	3	result	result	NOUN
ape-4871	102	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	102	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	102	6	french	french	ADJ
ape-4871	102	7	threat	threat	NOUN
ape-4871	102	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	102	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	102	10	lagos	lagos	NOUN
ape-4871	102	11	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	102	12	signed	sign	VERB
ape-4871	102	13	a	a	DET
ape-4871	102	14	treaty	treaty	NOUN
ape-4871	102	15	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	102	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	102	17	alaafin	alaafin	NOUN
ape-4871	102	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	102	19	oyo	oyo	NOUN
ape-4871	102	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	102	21	1888	1888	NUM
ape-4871	102	22	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	102	23	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	102	24	he	he	PRON
ape-4871	102	25	placed	place	VERB
ape-4871	102	26	about	about	ADV
ape-4871	102	27	two	two	NUM
ape-4871	102	28	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	102	29	thirds	third	NOUN
ape-4871	102	30	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	102	31	yoruba	yoruba	PROPN
ape-4871	102	32	land	land	NOUN
ape-4871	102	33	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	102	34	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	102	35	protection	protection	NOUN
ape-4871	102	36	while	while	SCONJ
ape-4871	102	37	the	the	DET
ape-4871	102	38	remaining	remain	VERB
ape-4871	102	39	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	102	40	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	102	41	third	third	NOUN
ape-4871	102	42	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	102	43	left	leave	VERB
ape-4871	102	44	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	102	45	the	the	DET
ape-4871	102	46	french	french	ADJ
ape-4871	102	47	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	102	48	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	103	1	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	103	2	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	103	3	why	why	SCONJ
ape-4871	103	4	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	103	5	noted	note	VERB
ape-4871	103	6	above	above	ADV
ape-4871	103	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	103	8	some	some	DET
ape-4871	103	9	yoruba	yoruba	NOUN
ape-4871	103	10	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	103	11	found	find	VERB
ape-4871	103	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	103	13	togo	togo	PROPN
ape-4871	103	14	today	today	NOUN
ape-4871	103	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	104	1	these	these	DET
ape-4871	104	2	european	european	ADJ
ape-4871	104	3	artificial	artificial	ADJ
ape-4871	104	4	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ape-4871	104	5	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	104	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	104	7	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	104	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	104	9	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	104	10	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	104	11	too	too	ADV
ape-4871	104	12	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ape-4871	104	13	to	to	PART
ape-4871	104	14	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	104	15	resolved	resolve	VERB
ape-4871	104	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	104	17	abubakar	abubakar	PROPN
ape-4871	104	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	104	19	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4871	104	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	104	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	105	1	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	105	2	1896	1896	NUM
ape-4871	105	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	105	4	about	about	ADV
ape-4871	105	5	two	two	NUM
ape-4871	105	6	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	105	7	thirds	third	NOUN
ape-4871	105	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	105	9	yoruba	yoruba	PROPN
ape-4871	105	10	land	land	NOUN
ape-4871	105	11	south	south	ADV
ape-4871	105	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	105	13	ilorin	ilorin	NOUN
ape-4871	105	14	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	105	15	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	105	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	105	17	control	control	NOUN
ape-4871	105	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	105	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	105	20	lagos	lagos	NOUN
ape-4871	105	21	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	105	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	106	1	thus	thus	ADV
ape-4871	106	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	106	3	lagos	lago	NOUN
ape-4871	106	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	106	5	yorubaland	yorubaland	NOUN
ape-4871	106	6	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	106	7	administered	administer	VERB
ape-4871	106	8	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	106	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	106	10	colony	colony	NOUN
ape-4871	106	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	106	12	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	106	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	106	14	lagos	lago	NOUN
ape-4871	106	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	107	1	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	107	2	1st	1st	ADJ
ape-4871	107	3	january	january	PROPN
ape-4871	107	4	1900	1900	NUM
ape-4871	107	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	107	6	an	an	DET
ape-4871	107	7	important	important	ADJ
ape-4871	107	8	administrative	administrative	ADJ
ape-4871	107	9	advancement	advancement	NOUN
ape-4871	107	10	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	107	11	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	107	12	when	when	SCONJ
ape-4871	107	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	107	14	niger	niger	PROPN
ape-4871	107	15	coast	coast	NOUN
ape-4871	107	16	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	107	17	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	107	18	renamed	rename	VERB
ape-4871	107	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	107	20	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	107	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	107	22	southern	southern	PROPN
ape-4871	107	23	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	107	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	107	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	107	26	consul	consul	NOUN
ape-4871	107	27	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	107	28	general	general	NOUN
ape-4871	107	29	turned	turn	VERB
ape-4871	107	30	into	into	ADP
ape-4871	107	31	the	the	DET
ape-4871	107	32	high	high	ADJ
ape-4871	107	33	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
ape-4871	107	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	108	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ape-4871	108	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	108	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	108	4	may	may	PROPN
ape-4871	108	5	1906	1906	NUM
ape-4871	108	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	108	7	this	this	DET
ape-4871	108	8	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	108	9	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	108	10	merged	merge	VERB
ape-4871	108	11	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	108	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	108	13	colony	colony	NOUN
ape-4871	108	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	108	15	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	108	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	108	17	lagos	lago	NOUN
ape-4871	108	18	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	108	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	108	20	‘	'	PUNCT
ape-4871	108	21	colony	colony	NOUN
ape-4871	108	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	108	23	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	108	24	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	108	25	southern	southern	PROPN
ape-4871	108	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	108	27	’	'	PUNCT
ape-4871	108	28	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	108	29	lagos	lago	NOUN
ape-4871	108	30	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	108	31	headquarters	headquarters	NOUN
ape-4871	108	32	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	108	33	crowder	crowder	NOUN
ape-4871	108	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	108	35	1962	1962	NUM
ape-4871	108	36	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	108	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	109	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
ape-4871	109	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	109	3	southern	southern	ADJ
ape-4871	109	4	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	109	5	where	where	SCONJ
ape-4871	109	6	britain	britain	PROPN
ape-4871	109	7	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	109	8	faced	face	VERB
ape-4871	109	9	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	109	10	little	little	ADJ
ape-4871	109	11	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	109	12	no	no	PRON
ape-4871	109	13	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ape-4871	109	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	109	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	109	16	colonization	colonization	NOUN
ape-4871	109	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	109	18	northern	northern	PROPN
ape-4871	109	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	109	20	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	109	21	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	109	22	real	real	ADJ
ape-4871	109	23	military	military	ADJ
ape-4871	109	24	conquest	conquest	NOUN
ape-4871	109	25	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	109	26	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	109	27	a	a	DET
ape-4871	109	28	peace	peace	NOUN
ape-4871	109	29	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	109	30	meal	meal	NOUN
ape-4871	109	31	process	process	NOUN
ape-4871	109	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	110	1	britain	britain	PROPN
ape-4871	110	2	succeeded	succeed	VERB
ape-4871	110	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	110	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	110	5	imposition	imposition	NOUN
ape-4871	110	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	110	7	an	an	DET
ape-4871	110	8	indirect	indirect	ADJ
ape-4871	110	9	rule	rule	NOUN
ape-4871	110	10	system	system	NOUN
ape-4871	110	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	110	12	administration	administration	NOUN
ape-4871	110	13	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	110	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	110	15	northern	northern	ADJ
ape-4871	110	16	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	110	17	because	because	SCONJ
ape-4871	110	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	110	19	emirs	emir	NOUN
ape-4871	110	20	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	110	21	not	not	PART
ape-4871	110	22	united	unite	VERB
ape-4871	110	23	due	due	ADP
ape-4871	110	24	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	110	25	rivalries	rivalry	NOUN
ape-4871	110	26	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	110	27	internal	internal	ADJ
ape-4871	110	28	wars	war	NOUN
ape-4871	110	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	111	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ape-4871	111	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	111	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	111	4	hinterland	hinterland	NOUN
ape-4871	111	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	111	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	111	7	north	north	ADV
ape-4871	111	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	111	9	lokoja	lokoja	PROPN
ape-4871	111	10	became	become	VERB
ape-4871	111	11	administered	administer	VERB
ape-4871	111	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	111	13	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	111	14	behalf	behalf	NOUN
ape-4871	111	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	111	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	111	17	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	111	18	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	111	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	111	20	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	111	21	a	a	DET
ape-4871	111	22	chartered	chartered	ADJ
ape-4871	111	23	company	company	NOUN
ape-4871	111	24	the	the	DET
ape-4871	111	25	royal	royal	ADJ
ape-4871	111	26	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	111	27	company	company	NOUN
ape-4871	111	28	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	111	29	crowder	crowder	NOUN
ape-4871	111	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	111	31	1962	1962	NUM
ape-4871	111	32	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	111	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	112	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	112	2	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	112	3	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	112	4	had	have	AUX
ape-4871	112	5	declared	declare	VERB
ape-4871	112	6	a	a	DET
ape-4871	112	7	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	112	8	over	over	ADP
ape-4871	112	9	areas	area	NOUN
ape-4871	112	10	claimed	claim	VERB
ape-4871	112	11	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	112	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	112	13	company	company	NOUN
ape-4871	112	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	112	15	1887	1887	NUM
ape-4871	112	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	113	1	then	then	ADV
ape-4871	113	2	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	113	3	january	january	PROPN
ape-4871	113	4	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	113	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	113	6	1900	1900	NUM
ape-4871	113	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	113	8	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	113	9	took	take	VERB
ape-4871	113	10	over	over	ADP
ape-4871	113	11	direct	direct	ADJ
ape-4871	113	12	administration	administration	NOUN
ape-4871	113	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	113	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	113	15	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	113	16	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	113	17	the	the	DET
ape-4871	113	18	royal	royal	ADJ
ape-4871	113	19	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	113	20	company	company	NOUN
ape-4871	113	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	113	22	named	name	VERB
ape-4871	113	23	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	113	24	the	the	DET
ape-4871	113	25	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	113	26	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	113	27	northern	northern	PROPN
ape-4871	113	28	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	113	29	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	113	30	lugard	lugard	NOUN
ape-4871	113	31	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	113	32	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	113	33	first	first	ADJ
ape-4871	113	34	high	high	ADJ
ape-4871	113	35	commissioner	commissioner	NOUN
ape-4871	113	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	114	1	finally	finally	ADV
ape-4871	114	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	114	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	114	4	two	two	NUM
ape-4871	114	5	separate	separate	ADJ
ape-4871	114	6	governments	government	NOUN
ape-4871	114	7	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4871	114	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	114	9	colony	colony	NOUN
ape-4871	114	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	114	11	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	114	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	114	13	southern	southern	PROPN
ape-4871	114	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	114	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	114	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	114	17	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	114	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	114	19	northern	northern	ADJ
ape-4871	114	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	114	21	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	114	22	amalgamated	amalgamate	VERB
ape-4871	114	23	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	114	24	the	the	DET
ape-4871	114	25	colony	colony	NOUN
ape-4871	114	26	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	114	27	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN
ape-4871	114	28	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	114	29	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	114	30	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	114	31	january	january	PROPN
ape-4871	114	32	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	114	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	114	34	1914	1914	NUM
ape-4871	114	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	114	36	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	114	37	lugard	lugard	NOUN
ape-4871	114	38	became	become	VERB
ape-4871	114	39	the	the	DET
ape-4871	114	40	first	first	ADJ
ape-4871	114	41	governor	governor	NOUN
ape-4871	114	42	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	114	43	general	general	NOUN
ape-4871	114	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	115	1	above	above	ADP
ape-4871	115	2	all	all	PRON
ape-4871	115	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	115	4	what	what	PRON
ape-4871	115	5	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	115	6	important	important	ADJ
ape-4871	115	7	to	to	PART
ape-4871	115	8	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	115	9	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	115	10	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	115	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	115	12	since	since	SCONJ
ape-4871	115	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	115	14	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	115	15	imposition	imposition	NOUN
ape-4871	115	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	115	17	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	115	18	rule	rule	NOUN
ape-4871	115	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	115	20	1861	1861	NUM
ape-4871	115	21	up	up	ADP
ape-4871	115	22	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	115	23	1991	1991	NUM
ape-4871	115	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	115	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	115	26	last	last	ADJ
ape-4871	115	27	creation	creation	NOUN
ape-4871	115	28	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	115	29	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	115	30	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	115	31	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	115	32	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	115	33	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	115	34	general	general	PROPN
ape-4871	115	35	ibrahim	ibrahim	PROPN
ape-4871	115	36	badamasi	badamasi	PROPN
ape-4871	115	37	babangida	babangida	PROPN
ape-4871	115	38	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	115	39	the	the	DET
ape-4871	115	40	implications	implication	NOUN
ape-4871	115	41	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	115	42	these	these	PRON
ape-4871	115	43	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	115	44	both	both	CCONJ
ape-4871	115	45	internally	internally	ADV
ape-4871	115	46	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	115	47	externally	externally	ADV
ape-4871	115	48	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	115	49	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	115	50	the	the	DET
ape-4871	115	51	separation	separation	NOUN
ape-4871	115	52	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	115	53	some	some	DET
ape-4871	115	54	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ape-4871	115	55	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	115	56	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	115	57	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	115	58	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	115	59	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	115	60	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	115	61	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	115	62	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	115	63	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	115	64	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	115	65	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	116	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	116	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	116	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	116	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	116	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	116	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	116	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	116	8	8	8	NUM
ape-4871	116	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	116	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	116	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	116	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	116	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	116	14	families	family	NOUN
ape-4871	116	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	117	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ape-4871	117	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	117	3	this	this	DET
ape-4871	117	4	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4871	117	5	resulted	result	VERB
ape-4871	117	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	117	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	117	8	problem	problem	NOUN
ape-4871	117	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	117	10	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	117	11	indigenization	indigenization	NOUN
ape-4871	117	12	within	within	ADP
ape-4871	117	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	117	14	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	117	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	117	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	117	17	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	117	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	117	19	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	117	20	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	117	21	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	117	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	117	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	117	24	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	117	25	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	117	26	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	117	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	118	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
ape-4871	118	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	118	3	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	118	4	trends	trend	NOUN
ape-4871	118	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	118	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	118	7	sub	sub	ADJ
ape-4871	118	8	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	118	9	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	118	10	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	118	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	118	12	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	118	13	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	118	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	118	15	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	118	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	118	17	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	118	18	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	118	19	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	118	20	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ape-4871	118	21	location	location	NOUN
ape-4871	118	22	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	118	23	another	another	PRON
ape-4871	118	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	118	25	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	118	26	remained	remain	VERB
ape-4871	118	27	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	118	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	118	29	centre	centre	NOUN
ape-4871	118	30	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	118	31	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	118	32	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	118	33	history	history	NOUN
ape-4871	118	34	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	118	35	several	several	ADJ
ape-4871	118	36	centuries	century	NOUN
ape-4871	118	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	119	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	119	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	119	3	important	important	ADJ
ape-4871	119	4	to	to	PART
ape-4871	119	5	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	119	6	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	119	7	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	119	8	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	119	9	a	a	DET
ape-4871	119	10	global	global	ADJ
ape-4871	119	11	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4871	119	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	120	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	120	2	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	120	3	been	be	AUX
ape-4871	120	4	attributed	attribute	VERB
ape-4871	120	5	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	120	6	influencing	influence	VERB
ape-4871	120	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	120	8	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ape-4871	120	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	120	10	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ape-4871	120	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	120	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	120	13	size	size	NOUN
ape-4871	120	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	120	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	120	16	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	120	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	120	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	120	19	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	120	20	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	120	21	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	120	22	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	120	23	mahdi	mahdi	PROPN
ape-4871	120	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	120	25	1987	1987	NUM
ape-4871	120	26	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	120	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	121	1	a	a	DET
ape-4871	121	2	migrant	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	121	3	can	can	AUX
ape-4871	121	4	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	121	5	a	a	DET
ape-4871	121	6	person	person	NOUN
ape-4871	121	7	who	who	PRON
ape-4871	121	8	uproots	uproot	VERB
ape-4871	121	9	himself	himself	PRON
ape-4871	121	10	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	121	11	his	his	PRON
ape-4871	121	12	original	original	ADJ
ape-4871	121	13	home	home	NOUN
ape-4871	121	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	121	15	moves	move	NOUN
ape-4871	121	16	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	121	17	a	a	DET
ape-4871	121	18	new	new	ADJ
ape-4871	121	19	place	place	NOUN
ape-4871	121	20	where	where	SCONJ
ape-4871	121	21	he	he	PRON
ape-4871	121	22	settles	settle	VERB
ape-4871	121	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	121	24	establishes	establish	VERB
ape-4871	121	25	new	new	ADJ
ape-4871	121	26	links	link	NOUN
ape-4871	121	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	122	1	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ape-4871	122	2	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	122	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	122	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	122	5	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	122	6	along	along	ADP
ape-4871	122	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	122	8	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	122	9	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	122	10	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	122	11	generally	generally	ADV
ape-4871	122	12	divided	divide	VERB
ape-4871	122	13	into	into	ADP
ape-4871	122	14	two	two	NUM
ape-4871	122	15	categories	category	NOUN
ape-4871	122	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	123	1	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	123	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	123	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	123	4	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	123	5	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	123	6	impelled	impel	VERB
ape-4871	123	7	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	123	8	religious	religious	ADJ
ape-4871	123	9	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	123	10	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	123	11	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ape-4871	123	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	124	1	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	124	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	124	3	other	other	ADJ
ape-4871	124	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	124	5	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	124	6	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	124	7	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	124	8	caused	cause	VERB
ape-4871	124	9	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	124	10	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	124	11	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	124	12	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	124	13	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	124	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	124	15	need	need	NOUN
ape-4871	124	16	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	124	17	specific	specific	ADJ
ape-4871	124	18	types	type	NOUN
ape-4871	124	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	124	20	labour	labour	NOUN
ape-4871	124	21	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	124	22	a	a	DET
ape-4871	124	23	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	124	24	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	124	25	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	124	26	borjas	borjas	PROPN
ape-4871	124	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	124	28	1989	1989	NUM
ape-4871	124	29	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	124	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	125	1	once	once	SCONJ
ape-4871	125	2	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	125	3	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	125	4	moved	move	VERB
ape-4871	125	5	into	into	ADP
ape-4871	125	6	a	a	DET
ape-4871	125	7	new	new	ADJ
ape-4871	125	8	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	125	9	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	125	10	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	125	11	confronted	confront	VERB
ape-4871	125	12	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	125	13	a	a	DET
ape-4871	125	14	new	new	ADJ
ape-4871	125	15	environment	environment	NOUN
ape-4871	125	16	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	125	17	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	125	18	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	125	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	125	20	culture	culture	NOUN
ape-4871	125	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	125	22	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	125	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	125	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	125	25	social	social	ADJ
ape-4871	125	26	organizations	organization	NOUN
ape-4871	125	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	125	28	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	125	29	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	125	30	chances	chance	NOUN
ape-4871	125	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	125	32	achieving	achieve	VERB
ape-4871	125	33	success	success	NOUN
ape-4871	125	34	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	125	35	settling	settle	VERB
ape-4871	125	36	down	down	ADP
ape-4871	125	37	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	125	38	largely	largely	ADV
ape-4871	125	39	dependent	dependent	ADJ
ape-4871	125	40	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	125	41	the	the	DET
ape-4871	125	42	degree	degree	NOUN
ape-4871	125	43	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	125	44	the	the	DET
ape-4871	125	45	individual	individual	ADJ
ape-4871	125	46	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	125	47	collective	collective	ADJ
ape-4871	125	48	interactions	interaction	NOUN
ape-4871	125	49	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	125	50	the	the	DET
ape-4871	125	51	host	host	NOUN
ape-4871	125	52	communities	community	NOUN
ape-4871	125	53	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	126	1	although	although	SCONJ
ape-4871	126	2	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	126	3	are	be	VERB
ape-4871	126	4	no	no	DET
ape-4871	126	5	exact	exact	ADJ
ape-4871	126	6	figures	figure	NOUN
ape-4871	126	7	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	126	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	126	9	number	number	NOUN
ape-4871	126	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	126	11	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	126	12	who	who	PRON
ape-4871	126	13	arrive	arrive	VERB
ape-4871	126	14	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	126	15	wide	wide	ADV
ape-4871	126	16	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	126	17	ranging	range	VERB
ape-4871	126	18	destinations	destination	NOUN
ape-4871	126	19	throughout	throughout	ADP
ape-4871	126	20	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	126	21	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	126	22	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	126	23	different	different	ADJ
ape-4871	126	24	times	time	NOUN
ape-4871	126	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	126	26	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	126	27	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	126	28	obvious	obvious	ADJ
ape-4871	126	29	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	126	30	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	126	31	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	126	32	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	126	33	the	the	DET
ape-4871	126	34	increase	increase	NOUN
ape-4871	126	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	126	36	particularly	particularly	ADV
ape-4871	126	37	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	126	38	the	the	DET
ape-4871	126	39	absence	absence	NOUN
ape-4871	126	40	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	126	41	effective	effective	ADJ
ape-4871	126	42	regulation	regulation	NOUN
ape-4871	126	43	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	126	44	the	the	DET
ape-4871	126	45	nigerian	nigerian	PROPN
ape-4871	126	46	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	126	47	service	service	NOUN
ape-4871	126	48	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	126	49	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	126	50	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	126	51	possible	possible	ADJ
ape-4871	126	52	for	for	SCONJ
ape-4871	126	53	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	126	54	to	to	PART
ape-4871	126	55	criss	criss	VERB
ape-4871	126	56	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	126	57	cross	cross	ADJ
ape-4871	126	58	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	126	59	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	126	60	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	126	61	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	126	62	search	search	NOUN
ape-4871	126	63	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	126	64	greener	green	ADJ
ape-4871	126	65	pastures	pasture	NOUN
ape-4871	126	66	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	127	1	this	this	DET
ape-4871	127	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-4871	127	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	127	4	substantiated	substantiate	VERB
ape-4871	127	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	127	6	lee	lee	PROPN
ape-4871	127	7	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	127	8	1966	1966	NUM
ape-4871	127	9	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	127	10	who	who	PRON
ape-4871	127	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	127	12	his	his	PRON
ape-4871	127	13	nine	nine	NUM
ape-4871	127	14	laws	law	NOUN
ape-4871	127	15	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	127	16	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	127	17	noted	note	VERB
ape-4871	127	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	127	19	escalation	escalation	NOUN
ape-4871	127	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	127	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	127	22	volume	volume	NOUN
ape-4871	127	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	127	24	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN
ape-4871	127	25	rates	rate	NOUN
ape-4871	127	26	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	127	27	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	127	28	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	127	29	the	the	DET
ape-4871	127	30	absence	absence	NOUN
ape-4871	127	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	127	32	effective	effective	ADJ
ape-4871	127	33	regulation	regulation	NOUN
ape-4871	127	34	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	127	35	either	either	CCONJ
ape-4871	127	36	nimc	nimc	ADJ
ape-4871	127	37	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	127	38	the	the	DET
ape-4871	127	39	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	127	40	service	service	NOUN
ape-4871	127	41	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	127	42	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	127	43	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	127	44	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	127	45	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	128	1	thus	thus	ADV
ape-4871	128	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	128	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	128	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	128	5	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	128	6	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	128	7	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	128	8	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	128	9	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	128	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	128	11	a	a	DET
ape-4871	128	12	large	large	ADJ
ape-4871	128	13	number	number	NOUN
ape-4871	128	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	128	15	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	128	16	move	move	VERB
ape-4871	128	17	daily	daily	ADV
ape-4871	128	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	128	19	largely	largely	ADV
ape-4871	128	20	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	128	21	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	128	22	reasons	reason	NOUN
ape-4871	128	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	129	1	although	although	SCONJ
ape-4871	129	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	129	3	individuals	individual	NOUN
ape-4871	129	4	’	'	PUNCT
ape-4871	129	5	move	move	NOUN
ape-4871	129	6	may	may	AUX
ape-4871	129	7	not	not	PART
ape-4871	129	8	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
ape-4871	129	9	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	129	10	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	129	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	129	12	others	other	NOUN
ape-4871	129	13	move	move	VERB
ape-4871	129	14	to	to	PART
ape-4871	129	15	visit	visit	VERB
ape-4871	129	16	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	129	17	biological	biological	ADJ
ape-4871	129	18	relations	relation	NOUN
ape-4871	129	19	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	129	20	friends	friend	NOUN
ape-4871	129	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	129	22	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	129	23	marriage	marriage	NOUN
ape-4871	129	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	129	25	naming	naming	NOUN
ape-4871	129	26	ceremonies	ceremony	NOUN
ape-4871	129	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	130	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ape-4871	130	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	130	3	rica	rica	PROPN
ape-4871	130	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	130	5	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4871	130	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	130	7	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	130	8	observed	observe	VERB
ape-4871	130	9	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4871	130	10	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	130	11	most	most	ADJ
ape-4871	130	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	130	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	130	14	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	130	15	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	130	16	commonly	commonly	ADV
ape-4871	130	17	attributed	attribute	VERB
ape-4871	130	18	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	130	19	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	130	20	causes	cause	NOUN
ape-4871	130	21	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	130	22	a	a	DET
ape-4871	130	23	host	host	NOUN
ape-4871	130	24	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	130	25	individual	individual	ADJ
ape-4871	130	26	motivations	motivation	NOUN
ape-4871	130	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	130	28	many	many	ADJ
ape-4871	130	29	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	130	30	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	130	31	remain	remain	VERB
ape-4871	130	32	to	to	PART
ape-4871	130	33	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	130	34	discovered	discover	VERB
ape-4871	130	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	131	1	this	this	DET
ape-4871	131	2	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	131	3	looked	look	VERB
ape-4871	131	4	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	131	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	131	6	individual	individual	ADJ
ape-4871	131	7	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ape-4871	131	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	131	9	resident	resident	ADJ
ape-4871	131	10	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ape-4871	131	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	131	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	131	13	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	131	14	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	131	15	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	131	16	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	131	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	131	18	observed	observe	VERB
ape-4871	131	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	131	20	degree	degree	NOUN
ape-4871	131	21	to	to	PART
ape-4871	131	22	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	131	23	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	131	24	had	have	AUX
ape-4871	131	25	become	become	AUX
ape-4871	131	26	integrated	integrate	VERB
ape-4871	131	27	into	into	ADP
ape-4871	131	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	131	29	host	host	NOUN
ape-4871	131	30	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	131	31	because	because	SCONJ
ape-4871	131	32	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	131	33	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	131	34	biological	biological	ADJ
ape-4871	131	35	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	131	36	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	131	37	relations	relation	NOUN
ape-4871	131	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	132	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	132	2	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	132	3	considered	consider	VERB
ape-4871	132	4	important	important	ADJ
ape-4871	132	5	to	to	PART
ape-4871	132	6	look	look	VERB
ape-4871	132	7	critically	critically	ADV
ape-4871	132	8	into	into	ADP
ape-4871	132	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	132	10	validity	validity	NOUN
ape-4871	132	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	132	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	132	13	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	132	14	notion	notion	NOUN
ape-4871	132	15	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	132	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	132	17	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ape-4871	132	18	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	132	19	propelled	propel	VERB
ape-4871	132	20	to	to	PART
ape-4871	132	21	migrate	migrate	VERB
ape-4871	132	22	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	132	23	hunger	hunger	NOUN
ape-4871	132	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	132	25	misery	misery	NOUN
ape-4871	132	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	132	27	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ape-4871	132	28	war	war	NOUN
ape-4871	132	29	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	132	30	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	132	31	the	the	DET
ape-4871	132	32	case	case	NOUN
ape-4871	132	33	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	132	34	the	the	DET
ape-4871	132	35	calabar	calabar	PROPN
ape-4871	132	36	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	132	37	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ape-4871	132	38	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	132	39	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	132	40	ogoja	ogoja	NOUN
ape-4871	132	41	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	132	42	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	132	43	bekwara	bekwara	PROPN
ape-4871	132	44	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	132	45	mahdi	mahdi	PROPN
ape-4871	132	46	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	132	47	1987	1987	NUM
ape-4871	132	48	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	132	49	pp	pp	ADJ
ape-4871	132	50	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	132	51	210	210	NUM
ape-4871	132	52	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	132	53	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	133	1	related	relate	VERB
ape-4871	133	2	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	133	3	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	133	4	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	133	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	133	6	importance	importance	NOUN
ape-4871	133	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	133	8	knowing	know	VERB
ape-4871	133	9	how	how	SCONJ
ape-4871	133	10	well	well	ADV
ape-4871	133	11	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ape-4871	133	12	became	become	VERB
ape-4871	133	13	acculturated	acculturated	ADJ
ape-4871	133	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	133	15	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	133	16	host	host	NOUN
ape-4871	133	17	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	133	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	133	19	whether	whether	SCONJ
ape-4871	133	20	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	133	21	simply	simply	ADV
ape-4871	133	22	imparted	impart	VERB
ape-4871	133	23	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	133	24	own	own	ADJ
ape-4871	133	25	culture	culture	NOUN
ape-4871	133	26	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	133	27	belief	belief	NOUN
ape-4871	133	28	systems	system	NOUN
ape-4871	133	29	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	133	30	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	133	31	places	place	NOUN
ape-4871	133	32	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	133	33	origin	origin	NOUN
ape-4871	133	34	if	if	SCONJ
ape-4871	133	35	not	not	PART
ape-4871	133	36	biologically	biologically	ADV
ape-4871	133	37	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	133	38	ethnically	ethnically	ADV
ape-4871	133	39	related	relate	VERB
ape-4871	133	40	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4871	133	41	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	133	42	whether	whether	SCONJ
ape-4871	133	43	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	133	44	participated	participate	VERB
ape-4871	133	45	fully	fully	ADV
ape-4871	133	46	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	133	47	local	local	ADJ
ape-4871	133	48	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	133	49	formal	formal	ADJ
ape-4871	133	50	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	133	51	informal	informal	ADJ
ape-4871	133	52	organizations	organization	NOUN
ape-4871	133	53	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	134	1	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	134	2	several	several	ADJ
ape-4871	134	3	hundred	hundred	NUM
ape-4871	134	4	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-4871	134	5	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	134	6	so	so	ADV
ape-4871	134	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	134	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	134	9	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	134	10	called	call	VERB
ape-4871	134	11	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	134	12	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	134	13	today	today	NOUN
ape-4871	134	14	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	134	15	witnessed	witness	VERB
ape-4871	134	16	intense	intense	ADJ
ape-4871	134	17	climatic	climatic	ADJ
ape-4871	134	18	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	134	19	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	134	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	134	21	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	134	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	134	23	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	134	24	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	134	25	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	135	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	135	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	135	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	135	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	135	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	135	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	135	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	135	8	9	9	NUM
ape-4871	135	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	135	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	135	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	135	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	135	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	135	14	changes	change	NOUN
ape-4871	135	15	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	135	16	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	135	17	had	have	VERB
ape-4871	135	18	a	a	DET
ape-4871	135	19	negative	negative	ADJ
ape-4871	135	20	impact	impact	NOUN
ape-4871	135	21	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	135	22	water	water	NOUN
ape-4871	135	23	availability	availability	NOUN
ape-4871	135	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	135	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	135	26	overall	overall	ADJ
ape-4871	135	27	stability	stability	NOUN
ape-4871	135	28	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	135	29	the	the	DET
ape-4871	135	30	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	135	31	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	135	32	environment	environment	NOUN
ape-4871	135	33	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	135	34	mahdi	mahdi	PROPN
ape-4871	135	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	135	36	1987	1987	NUM
ape-4871	135	37	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	135	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	136	1	an	an	DET
ape-4871	136	2	important	important	ADJ
ape-4871	136	3	corollary	corollary	NOUN
ape-4871	136	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	136	5	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	136	6	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	136	7	been	be	AUX
ape-4871	136	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	136	9	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ape-4871	136	10	southward	southward	ADJ
ape-4871	136	11	advancement	advancement	NOUN
ape-4871	136	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	136	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	136	14	sahara	sahara	PROPN
ape-4871	136	15	desert	desert	PROPN
ape-4871	136	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	136	17	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	136	18	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	136	19	sucking	suck	VERB
ape-4871	136	20	dry	dry	ADJ
ape-4871	136	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	136	22	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	136	23	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	136	24	flora	flora	NOUN
ape-4871	136	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	136	26	fauna	fauna	NOUN
ape-4871	136	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	136	28	making	make	VERB
ape-4871	136	29	life	life	NOUN
ape-4871	136	30	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
ape-4871	136	31	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ape-4871	136	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	136	33	miserable	miserable	ADJ
ape-4871	136	34	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	136	35	a	a	DET
ape-4871	136	36	large	large	ADJ
ape-4871	136	37	number	number	NOUN
ape-4871	136	38	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	136	39	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	136	40	both	both	CCONJ
ape-4871	136	41	within	within	ADP
ape-4871	136	42	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	136	43	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	136	44	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	136	45	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	136	46	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	136	47	chad	chad	PROPN
ape-4871	136	48	republics	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	136	49	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	137	1	throughout	throughout	ADP
ape-4871	137	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	137	3	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	137	4	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	137	5	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	137	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	137	7	mass	mass	ADJ
ape-4871	137	8	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	137	9	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	137	10	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	137	11	been	be	AUX
ape-4871	137	12	triggered	trigger	VERB
ape-4871	137	13	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	137	14	this	this	DET
ape-4871	137	15	natural	natural	ADJ
ape-4871	137	16	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4871	137	17	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	137	18	noted	note	VERB
ape-4871	137	19	here	here	ADV
ape-4871	137	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	138	1	this	this	DET
ape-4871	138	2	type	type	NOUN
ape-4871	138	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	138	4	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	138	5	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	138	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	138	7	prompted	prompt	VERB
ape-4871	138	8	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	138	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	138	10	need	need	NOUN
ape-4871	138	11	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	138	12	water	water	NOUN
ape-4871	138	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	138	14	land	land	NOUN
ape-4871	138	15	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	138	16	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ape-4871	138	17	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	138	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	138	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	138	20	case	case	NOUN
ape-4871	138	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	138	22	fulani	fulani	ADJ
ape-4871	138	23	herders	herder	NOUN
ape-4871	138	24	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	138	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	138	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	138	27	niger	niger	PROPN
ape-4871	138	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	138	29	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ape-4871	138	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	138	31	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	138	32	chad	chad	VERB
ape-4871	138	33	republics	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	138	34	respectively	respectively	ADV
ape-4871	138	35	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	138	36	not	not	PART
ape-4871	138	37	the	the	DET
ape-4871	138	38	only	only	ADJ
ape-4871	138	39	type	type	NOUN
ape-4871	138	40	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	138	41	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	138	42	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	138	43	the	the	DET
ape-4871	138	44	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	138	45	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	138	46	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	138	47	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	139	1	communal	communal	ADJ
ape-4871	139	2	clashes	clash	NOUN
ape-4871	139	3	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	139	4	wars	war	NOUN
ape-4871	139	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	139	6	trade	trade	NOUN
ape-4871	139	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	139	8	conquest	conquest	NOUN
ape-4871	139	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	139	10	natural	natural	ADJ
ape-4871	139	11	disasters	disaster	NOUN
ape-4871	139	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	139	13	kidnapping	kidnapping	NOUN
ape-4871	139	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	139	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	139	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	139	17	domestic	domestic	ADJ
ape-4871	139	18	slave	slave	NOUN
ape-4871	139	19	trade	trade	NOUN
ape-4871	139	20	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	139	21	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	139	22	very	very	ADV
ape-4871	139	23	important	important	ADJ
ape-4871	139	24	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	139	25	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	139	26	motivated	motivate	VERB
ape-4871	139	27	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	139	28	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	139	29	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	139	30	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	139	31	both	both	CCONJ
ape-4871	139	32	during	during	ADP
ape-4871	139	33	the	the	DET
ape-4871	139	34	pre	pre	ADJ
ape-4871	139	35	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	139	36	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	139	37	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	139	38	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	139	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	139	40	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	139	41	present	present	ADJ
ape-4871	139	42	times	time	NOUN
ape-4871	139	43	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	140	1	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	140	2	common	common	ADJ
ape-4871	140	3	feature	feature	NOUN
ape-4871	140	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	140	5	these	these	DET
ape-4871	140	6	migrations	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	140	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	140	8	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	140	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	140	10	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	140	11	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	140	12	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	140	13	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	140	14	group	group	NOUN
ape-4871	140	15	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4871	140	16	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	140	17	individual	individual	ADJ
ape-4871	140	18	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ape-4871	140	19	playing	play	VERB
ape-4871	140	20	little	little	ADJ
ape-4871	140	21	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	140	22	no	no	DET
ape-4871	140	23	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	140	24	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	140	25	zacharia	zacharia	NOUN
ape-4871	140	26	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	140	27	conde	conde	PROPN
ape-4871	140	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	140	29	1981	1981	NUM
ape-4871	140	30	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	140	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	141	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-4871	141	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	141	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	141	4	arrival	arrival	NOUN
ape-4871	141	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	141	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	141	7	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	141	8	powers	power	NOUN
ape-4871	141	9	particularly	particularly	ADV
ape-4871	141	10	britain	britain	PROPN
ape-4871	141	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	141	12	france	france	PROPN
ape-4871	141	13	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	141	14	noted	note	VERB
ape-4871	141	15	above	above	ADV
ape-4871	141	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	141	17	the	the	DET
ape-4871	141	18	late	late	ADJ
ape-4871	141	19	19th	19th	ADJ
ape-4871	141	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	141	21	20th	20th	ADJ
ape-4871	141	22	centuries	century	NOUN
ape-4871	141	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	141	24	generated	generate	VERB
ape-4871	141	25	upheavals	upheaval	NOUN
ape-4871	141	26	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	141	27	the	the	DET
ape-4871	141	28	organization	organization	NOUN
ape-4871	141	29	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	141	30	the	the	DET
ape-4871	141	31	economy	economy	NOUN
ape-4871	141	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	141	33	society	society	NOUN
ape-4871	141	34	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	141	35	changed	change	VERB
ape-4871	141	36	the	the	DET
ape-4871	141	37	hither	hither	NOUN
ape-4871	141	38	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	141	39	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-4871	141	40	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	141	41	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	141	42	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	141	43	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	141	44	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	141	45	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	142	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	142	2	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	142	3	britain	britain	PROPN
ape-4871	142	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	142	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	142	6	french	french	ADJ
ape-4871	142	7	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	142	8	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	142	9	built	build	VERB
ape-4871	142	10	development	development	NOUN
ape-4871	142	11	centres	centre	NOUN
ape-4871	142	12	around	around	ADP
ape-4871	142	13	mineral	mineral	NOUN
ape-4871	142	14	deposits	deposit	NOUN
ape-4871	142	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	142	16	shifted	shift	VERB
ape-4871	142	17	the	the	DET
ape-4871	142	18	centre	centre	NOUN
ape-4871	142	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	142	20	gravity	gravity	NOUN
ape-4871	142	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	142	22	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	142	23	activities	activity	NOUN
ape-4871	142	24	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	142	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	142	26	hinterlands	hinterland	NOUN
ape-4871	142	27	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	142	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	142	29	coastal	coastal	ADJ
ape-4871	142	30	regions	region	NOUN
ape-4871	142	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	142	32	where	where	SCONJ
ape-4871	142	33	new	new	ADJ
ape-4871	142	34	capitals	capital	NOUN
ape-4871	142	35	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	142	36	created	create	VERB
ape-4871	142	37	to	to	PART
ape-4871	142	38	serve	serve	VERB
ape-4871	142	39	the	the	DET
ape-4871	142	40	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	142	41	interests	interest	NOUN
ape-4871	142	42	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	142	43	colonialism	colonialism	NOUN
ape-4871	142	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	143	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	143	2	europeans	europeans	PROPN
ape-4871	143	3	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	143	4	introduced	introduce	VERB
ape-4871	143	5	new	new	ADJ
ape-4871	143	6	crops	crop	NOUN
ape-4871	143	7	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	143	8	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	143	9	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN
ape-4871	143	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	143	11	soya	soya	NOUN
ape-4871	143	12	beans	bean	NOUN
ape-4871	143	13	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	143	14	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	143	15	grown	grow	VERB
ape-4871	143	16	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	143	17	export	export	NOUN
ape-4871	143	18	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	143	19	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	143	20	own	own	ADJ
ape-4871	143	21	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	143	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	144	1	mines	mine	NOUN
ape-4871	144	2	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	144	3	exploited	exploit	VERB
ape-4871	144	4	maximally	maximally	ADV
ape-4871	144	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	144	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	144	7	metropolises	metropolis	NOUN
ape-4871	144	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	145	1	ports	port	NOUN
ape-4871	145	2	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	145	3	constructed	construct	VERB
ape-4871	145	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	145	5	as	as	ADV
ape-4871	145	6	well	well	ADV
ape-4871	145	7	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	145	8	roads	road	NOUN
ape-4871	145	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	145	10	railways	railway	NOUN
ape-4871	145	11	to	to	PART
ape-4871	145	12	link	link	VERB
ape-4871	145	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	145	14	ports	port	NOUN
ape-4871	145	15	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	145	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	145	17	plantations	plantation	NOUN
ape-4871	145	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	145	19	mining	mining	NOUN
ape-4871	145	20	centres	centre	NOUN
ape-4871	145	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	146	1	all	all	DET
ape-4871	146	2	these	these	PRON
ape-4871	146	3	contributed	contribute	VERB
ape-4871	146	4	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	146	5	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	146	6	both	both	CCONJ
ape-4871	146	7	within	within	ADP
ape-4871	146	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	146	9	outside	outside	ADP
ape-4871	146	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	146	11	subregion	subregion	NOUN
ape-4871	146	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	147	1	along	along	ADP
ape-4871	147	2	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	147	3	this	this	DET
ape-4871	147	4	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ
ape-4871	147	5	restructuring	restructuring	NOUN
ape-4871	147	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	147	7	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	147	8	activity	activity	NOUN
ape-4871	147	9	came	come	VERB
ape-4871	147	10	a	a	DET
ape-4871	147	11	large	large	ADJ
ape-4871	147	12	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	147	13	scale	scale	NOUN
ape-4871	147	14	redistribution	redistribution	NOUN
ape-4871	147	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	147	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	147	17	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	147	18	both	both	CCONJ
ape-4871	147	19	within	within	ADP
ape-4871	147	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	147	21	outside	outside	ADP
ape-4871	147	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	147	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	147	24	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	147	25	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	147	26	moved	move	VERB
ape-4871	147	27	all	all	ADV
ape-4871	147	28	over	over	ADP
ape-4871	147	29	the	the	DET
ape-4871	147	30	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	147	31	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	147	32	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	147	33	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	147	34	search	search	NOUN
ape-4871	147	35	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	147	36	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	147	37	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN
ape-4871	147	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	148	1	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	148	2	was	be	VERB
ape-4871	148	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	148	4	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	148	5	example	example	NOUN
ape-4871	148	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	148	7	a	a	DET
ape-4871	148	8	massive	massive	ADJ
ape-4871	148	9	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	148	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	148	11	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-4871	148	12	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	148	13	lagos	lago	NOUN
ape-4871	148	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	148	15	port	port	NOUN
ape-4871	148	16	harcourt	harcourt	PROPN
ape-4871	148	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	148	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	148	19	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	148	20	gold	gold	ADJ
ape-4871	148	21	coast	coast	NOUN
ape-4871	148	22	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	148	23	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ape-4871	148	24	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	148	25	to	to	PART
ape-4871	148	26	participate	participate	VERB
ape-4871	148	27	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	148	28	either	either	CCONJ
ape-4871	148	29	skilled	skilled	ADJ
ape-4871	148	30	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	148	31	unskilled	unskilled	ADJ
ape-4871	148	32	labourers	labourer	NOUN
ape-4871	148	33	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	148	34	traders	trader	NOUN
ape-4871	148	35	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	148	36	the	the	DET
ape-4871	148	37	then	then	ADV
ape-4871	148	38	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	148	39	booming	booming	ADJ
ape-4871	148	40	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	148	41	adoji	adoji	NOUN
ape-4871	148	42	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	148	43	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	148	44	gold	gold	NOUN
ape-4871	148	45	ceremony	ceremony	NOUN
ape-4871	148	46	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	149	1	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	149	2	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	149	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	149	4	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	149	5	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	149	6	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	149	7	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	149	8	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	149	9	during	during	ADP
ape-4871	149	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	149	11	pre	pre	ADJ
ape-4871	149	12	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	149	13	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	149	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	149	15	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	149	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	149	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	149	18	present	present	ADJ
ape-4871	149	19	times	time	NOUN
ape-4871	149	20	can	can	AUX
ape-4871	149	21	not	not	PART
ape-4871	149	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	149	23	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	149	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	149	25	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	149	26	attributed	attribute	VERB
ape-4871	149	27	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	149	28	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	149	29	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	149	30	alone	alone	ADV
ape-4871	149	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	150	1	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	150	2	were	be	VERB
ape-4871	150	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	150	4	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	150	5	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	150	6	climatic	climatic	ADJ
ape-4871	150	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	150	8	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	150	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	150	10	religious	religious	ADJ
ape-4871	150	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	150	12	biological	biological	ADJ
ape-4871	150	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	150	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	150	15	administrative	administrative	ADJ
ape-4871	150	16	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	150	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	151	1	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	151	2	example	example	NOUN
ape-4871	151	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	151	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	151	5	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
ape-4871	151	6	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-4871	151	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	151	8	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ape-4871	151	9	production	production	NOUN
ape-4871	151	10	enabled	enable	VERB
ape-4871	151	11	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-4871	151	12	both	both	PRON
ape-4871	151	13	fulanis	fulani	NOUN
ape-4871	151	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	151	15	non	non	NOUN
ape-4871	151	16	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	151	17	fulanis	fulani	NOUN
ape-4871	151	18	to	to	PART
ape-4871	151	19	move	move	VERB
ape-4871	151	20	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	151	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	151	22	coastal	coastal	ADJ
ape-4871	151	23	areas	area	NOUN
ape-4871	151	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	151	25	neighbouring	neighbouring	NOUN
ape-4871	151	26	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	151	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	151	28	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	151	29	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	151	30	during	during	ADP
ape-4871	151	31	the	the	DET
ape-4871	151	32	dry	dry	ADJ
ape-4871	151	33	season	season	NOUN
ape-4871	151	34	to	to	PART
ape-4871	151	35	earn	earn	VERB
ape-4871	151	36	enoughto	enoughto	NOUN
ape-4871	151	37	sustain	sustain	VERB
ape-4871	151	38	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	151	39	lives	life	NOUN
ape-4871	151	40	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	151	41	rica	rica	NOUN
ape-4871	151	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	151	43	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4871	151	44	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	151	45	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	152	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	152	2	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	152	3	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ape-4871	152	4	imposed	impose	VERB
ape-4871	152	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	152	6	britain	britain	PROPN
ape-4871	152	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	152	8	france	france	PROPN
ape-4871	152	9	restricted	restrict	VERB
ape-4871	152	10	some	some	DET
ape-4871	152	11	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	152	12	to	to	PART
ape-4871	152	13	travel	travel	VERB
ape-4871	152	14	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	152	15	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	152	16	hand	hand	NOUN
ape-4871	152	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	152	18	while	while	SCONJ
ape-4871	152	19	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	152	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	152	21	other	other	ADJ
ape-4871	152	22	hand	hand	NOUN
ape-4871	152	23	enabled	enable	VERB
ape-4871	152	24	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	152	25	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	152	26	biological	biological	ADJ
ape-4871	152	27	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	152	28	ties	tie	NOUN
ape-4871	152	29	to	to	PART
ape-4871	152	30	travel	travel	VERB
ape-4871	152	31	the	the	DET
ape-4871	152	32	length	length	NOUN
ape-4871	152	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	152	34	breadth	breadth	NOUN
ape-4871	152	35	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	152	36	vast	vast	ADJ
ape-4871	152	37	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	152	38	empires	empire	NOUN
ape-4871	152	39	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	152	40	completing	complete	VERB
ape-4871	152	41	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	152	42	services	service	NOUN
ape-4871	152	43	formalities	formality	NOUN
ape-4871	152	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	153	1	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	153	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	153	3	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	153	4	across	across	ADP
ape-4871	153	5	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	153	6	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	153	7	possible	possible	ADJ
ape-4871	153	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	153	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	153	10	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
ape-4871	153	11	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
ape-4871	153	12	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	153	13	agreements	agreement	NOUN
ape-4871	153	14	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	153	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	153	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	153	17	her	her	PRON
ape-4871	153	18	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	153	19	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	153	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	153	21	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	153	22	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	153	23	the	the	DET
ape-4871	153	24	ones	one	NOUN
ape-4871	153	25	signed	sign	VERB
ape-4871	153	26	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	153	27	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	153	28	agreements	agreement	NOUN
ape-4871	153	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	154	1	thus	thus	ADV
ape-4871	154	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	154	3	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	154	4	these	these	DET
ape-4871	154	5	agreements	agreement	NOUN
ape-4871	154	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	154	7	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	154	8	are	be	VERB
ape-4871	154	9	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	154	10	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	154	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	154	12	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	154	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	154	14	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	154	15	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	154	16	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	155	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	155	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	155	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	155	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	155	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	155	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	155	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	155	8	10	10	NUM
ape-4871	155	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	155	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	155	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	155	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	155	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	155	14	free	free	ADJ
ape-4871	155	15	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	155	16	regardless	regardless	ADV
ape-4871	155	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	155	18	whether	whether	SCONJ
ape-4871	155	19	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	155	20	is	be	VERB
ape-4871	155	21	an	an	DET
ape-4871	155	22	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	155	23	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	155	24	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	155	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	155	26	point	point	NOUN
ape-4871	155	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	155	28	departure	departure	NOUN
ape-4871	155	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	155	30	destination	destination	NOUN
ape-4871	155	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	156	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ape-4871	156	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	156	3	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	156	4	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	156	5	mainly	mainly	ADV
ape-4871	156	6	attracted	attract	VERB
ape-4871	156	7	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	156	8	areas	area	NOUN
ape-4871	156	9	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	156	10	significant	significant	ADJ
ape-4871	156	11	development	development	NOUN
ape-4871	156	12	indications	indication	NOUN
ape-4871	156	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	156	14	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	156	15	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN
ape-4871	156	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	157	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	157	2	dominance	dominance	NOUN
ape-4871	157	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	157	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	157	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	157	6	factor	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	157	7	over	over	ADP
ape-4871	157	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	157	9	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4871	157	10	element	element	NOUN
ape-4871	157	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	157	12	influencing	influence	VERB
ape-4871	157	13	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	157	14	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	157	15	very	very	ADV
ape-4871	157	16	evident	evident	ADJ
ape-4871	157	17	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	157	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	157	19	present	present	NOUN
ape-4871	157	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	158	1	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	158	2	example	example	NOUN
ape-4871	158	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	158	4	since	since	SCONJ
ape-4871	158	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	158	6	beginning	beginning	NOUN
ape-4871	158	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	158	8	large	large	ADJ
ape-4871	158	9	oil	oil	NOUN
ape-4871	158	10	exports	export	NOUN
ape-4871	158	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	158	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	158	13	early	early	ADJ
ape-4871	158	14	1970s	1970	NOUN
ape-4871	158	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	158	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	158	17	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	158	18	experienced	experience	VERB
ape-4871	158	19	a	a	DET
ape-4871	158	20	mass	mass	ADJ
ape-4871	158	21	influx	influx	NOUN
ape-4871	158	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	158	23	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ape-4871	158	24	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	158	25	all	all	ADV
ape-4871	158	26	over	over	ADP
ape-4871	158	27	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	158	28	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	158	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	158	30	beyond	beyond	ADP
ape-4871	158	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	159	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ape-4871	159	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	159	3	cote	cote	PROPN
ape-4871	159	4	d’ivoire	d’ivoire	PROPN
ape-4871	159	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	159	6	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	159	7	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	159	8	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	159	9	boom	boom	NOUN
ape-4871	159	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	159	11	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	159	12	attracted	attract	VERB
ape-4871	159	13	workers	worker	NOUN
ape-4871	159	14	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	159	15	burkina	burkina	PROPN
ape-4871	159	16	faso	faso	PROPN
ape-4871	159	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	159	18	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	159	19	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	159	20	more	more	ADJ
ape-4871	159	21	than	than	ADP
ape-4871	159	22	30	30	NUM
ape-4871	159	23	years	year	NOUN
ape-4871	159	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	160	1	thus	thus	ADV
ape-4871	160	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	160	3	modernization	modernization	NOUN
ape-4871	160	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	160	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	160	6	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ape-4871	160	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	160	8	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	160	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	160	10	most	most	ADJ
ape-4871	160	11	parts	part	NOUN
ape-4871	160	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	160	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	160	14	world	world	NOUN
ape-4871	160	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	160	16	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	160	17	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	160	18	motivated	motivate	VERB
ape-4871	160	19	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	160	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	160	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	160	22	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	160	23	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	160	24	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	160	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	161	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
ape-4871	161	2	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ape-4871	161	3	explanation	explanation	NOUN
ape-4871	161	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	161	5	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	161	6	several	several	ADJ
ape-4871	161	7	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ape-4871	161	8	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	161	9	gone	go	VERB
ape-4871	161	10	beyond	beyond	ADP
ape-4871	161	11	mere	mere	ADJ
ape-4871	161	12	pragmatic	pragmatic	ADJ
ape-4871	161	13	observation	observation	NOUN
ape-4871	161	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	161	15	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	161	16	formulated	formulate	VERB
ape-4871	161	17	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ape-4871	161	18	models	model	NOUN
ape-4871	161	19	to	to	PART
ape-4871	161	20	explain	explain	VERB
ape-4871	161	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	161	22	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4871	161	23	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	161	24	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	161	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	162	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	162	2	objective	objective	NOUN
ape-4871	162	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	162	4	these	these	DET
ape-4871	162	5	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ape-4871	162	6	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	162	7	to	to	PART
ape-4871	162	8	understand	understand	VERB
ape-4871	162	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	162	10	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
ape-4871	162	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	162	12	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	162	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	162	14	assist	assist	VERB
ape-4871	162	15	authorities	authority	NOUN
ape-4871	162	16	to	to	PART
ape-4871	162	17	introduce	introduce	VERB
ape-4871	162	18	better	well	ADV
ape-4871	162	19	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	162	20	focussed	focusse	VERB
ape-4871	162	21	policies	policy	NOUN
ape-4871	162	22	to	to	PART
ape-4871	162	23	address	address	VERB
ape-4871	162	24	the	the	DET
ape-4871	162	25	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	162	26	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	162	27	stake	stake	NOUN
ape-4871	162	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	163	1	these	these	DET
ape-4871	163	2	theories	theory	NOUN
ape-4871	163	3	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	163	4	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	163	5	a	a	DET
ape-4871	163	6	distinction	distinction	NOUN
ape-4871	163	7	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	163	8	internal	internal	ADJ
ape-4871	163	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	163	10	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	163	11	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	163	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	163	13	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	163	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	163	15	existence	existence	NOUN
ape-4871	163	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	163	17	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	163	18	does	do	VERB
ape-4871	163	19	nothing	nothing	PRON
ape-4871	163	20	to	to	PART
ape-4871	163	21	explain	explain	VERB
ape-4871	163	22	the	the	DET
ape-4871	163	23	underlying	underlie	VERB
ape-4871	163	24	causes	cause	NOUN
ape-4871	163	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	164	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ape-4871	164	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	164	3	related	relate	VERB
ape-4871	164	4	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	164	5	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	164	6	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	164	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	164	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	164	9	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	164	10	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	164	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	164	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	164	13	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ape-4871	164	14	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	164	15	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	164	16	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	164	17	move	move	VERB
ape-4871	164	18	across	across	ADP
ape-4871	164	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	164	20	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	164	21	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	164	22	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	164	23	the	the	DET
ape-4871	164	24	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	164	25	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	164	26	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	164	27	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	164	28	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	164	29	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	164	30	official	official	ADJ
ape-4871	164	31	sanction	sanction	NOUN
ape-4871	164	32	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	164	33	been	be	AUX
ape-4871	164	34	a	a	DET
ape-4871	164	35	source	source	NOUN
ape-4871	164	36	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	164	37	concern	concern	NOUN
ape-4871	164	38	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	164	39	the	the	DET
ape-4871	164	40	authorities	authority	NOUN
ape-4871	164	41	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	165	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	165	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	165	3	more	more	ADV
ape-4871	165	4	so	so	ADV
ape-4871	165	5	since	since	SCONJ
ape-4871	165	6	several	several	ADJ
ape-4871	165	7	hundred	hundred	NUM
ape-4871	165	8	unofficial	unofficial	ADJ
ape-4871	165	9	routes	route	NOUN
ape-4871	165	10	exist	exist	VERB
ape-4871	165	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	166	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	166	2	most	most	ADJ
ape-4871	166	3	cases	case	NOUN
ape-4871	166	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	166	5	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	166	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	166	7	these	these	DET
ape-4871	166	8	large	large	ADJ
ape-4871	166	9	cross	cross	ADJ
ape-4871	166	10	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	166	11	border	border	ADJ
ape-4871	166	12	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	166	13	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	166	14	simply	simply	ADV
ape-4871	166	15	natural	natural	ADJ
ape-4871	166	16	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	166	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	166	18	persons	person	NOUN
ape-4871	166	19	belonging	belong	VERB
ape-4871	166	20	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	166	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	166	22	same	same	ADJ
ape-4871	166	23	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	166	24	group	group	NOUN
ape-4871	166	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	166	26	separated	separate	VERB
ape-4871	166	27	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	166	28	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	166	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	166	30	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	166	31	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ape-4871	166	32	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	166	33	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	166	34	cut	cut	VERB
ape-4871	166	35	across	across	ADP
ape-4871	166	36	the	the	DET
ape-4871	166	37	territories	territory	NOUN
ape-4871	166	38	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	166	39	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ape-4871	166	40	populations	population	NOUN
ape-4871	166	41	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	167	1	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	167	2	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	167	3	share	share	VERB
ape-4871	167	4	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	167	5	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	167	6	more	more	ADJ
ape-4871	167	7	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	167	8	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	167	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	168	1	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	168	2	example	example	NOUN
ape-4871	168	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	168	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	168	5	hausa	hausa	NOUN
ape-4871	168	6	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	168	7	found	find	VERB
ape-4871	168	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	168	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	168	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	168	11	niger	niger	PROPN
ape-4871	168	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	168	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	168	14	yoruba	yoruba	PROPN
ape-4871	168	15	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	168	16	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	168	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	168	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	168	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	168	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	168	21	ewa	ewa	PROPN
ape-4871	168	22	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	168	23	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ape-4871	168	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	168	25	togo	togo	PROPN
ape-4871	168	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	168	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	168	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	168	29	brong	brong	PROPN
ape-4871	168	30	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	168	31	cote	cote	PROPN
ape-4871	168	32	d’ivoire	d’ivoire	PROPN
ape-4871	168	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	168	34	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ape-4871	168	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	169	1	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	169	2	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	169	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	169	4	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	169	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	169	6	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	169	7	reputed	repute	VERB
ape-4871	169	8	to	to	PART
ape-4871	169	9	cut	cut	VERB
ape-4871	169	10	across	across	ADP
ape-4871	169	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	169	12	territories	territory	NOUN
ape-4871	169	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	169	14	100	100	NUM
ape-4871	169	15	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	169	16	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	169	17	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	169	18	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	169	19	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ape-4871	169	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	169	21	biologically	biologically	ADV
ape-4871	169	22	related	relate	VERB
ape-4871	169	23	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	169	24	murdock	murdock	NOUN
ape-4871	169	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	169	26	1959	1959	NUM
ape-4871	169	27	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	169	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	170	1	these	these	DET
ape-4871	170	2	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	170	3	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	170	4	continued	continue	VERB
ape-4871	170	5	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	170	6	little	little	ADJ
ape-4871	170	7	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	170	8	no	no	PRON
ape-4871	170	9	hindrance	hindrance	NOUN
ape-4871	170	10	despite	despite	SCONJ
ape-4871	170	11	differences	difference	NOUN
ape-4871	170	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	170	13	ideology	ideology	NOUN
ape-4871	170	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	170	15	membership	membership	NOUN
ape-4871	170	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	170	17	financial	financial	ADJ
ape-4871	170	18	communities	community	NOUN
ape-4871	170	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	170	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	170	21	even	even	ADV
ape-4871	170	22	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ape-4871	170	23	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	170	24	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	170	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	171	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	171	2	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
ape-4871	171	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	171	4	solidarity	solidarity	NOUN
ape-4871	171	5	among	among	ADP
ape-4871	171	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	171	7	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	171	8	across	across	ADP
ape-4871	171	9	these	these	DET
ape-4871	171	10	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	171	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	171	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	171	13	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	171	14	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	171	15	still	still	ADV
ape-4871	171	16	going	go	VERB
ape-4871	171	17	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	171	18	despite	despite	SCONJ
ape-4871	171	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	171	20	arbitrary	arbitrary	ADJ
ape-4871	171	21	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	171	22	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	171	23	drawn	draw	VERB
ape-4871	171	24	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	171	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	171	26	european	european	ADJ
ape-4871	171	27	powers	power	NOUN
ape-4871	171	28	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	171	29	1885	1885	NUM
ape-4871	171	30	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	171	31	berlin	berlin	PROPN
ape-4871	171	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	172	1	hundreds	hundred	NOUN
ape-4871	172	2	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	172	3	peasants	peasant	NOUN
ape-4871	172	4	move	move	VERB
ape-4871	172	5	across	across	ADP
ape-4871	172	6	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	172	7	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	172	8	several	several	ADJ
ape-4871	172	9	times	time	NOUN
ape-4871	172	10	a	a	DET
ape-4871	172	11	day	day	NOUN
ape-4871	172	12	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	172	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	172	14	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	172	15	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	172	16	farms	farm	NOUN
ape-4871	172	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	172	18	to	to	PART
ape-4871	172	19	visit	visit	VERB
ape-4871	172	20	relations	relation	NOUN
ape-4871	172	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	173	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	173	2	emir	emir	NOUN
ape-4871	173	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	173	4	maradi	maradi	NOUN
ape-4871	173	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	173	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	173	7	niger	niger	NOUN
ape-4871	173	8	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	173	9	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	173	10	addressed	address	VERB
ape-4871	173	11	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	173	12	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	173	13	sarkinkatsina	sarkinkatsina	ADJ
ape-4871	173	14	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	173	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	173	16	i.e.	i.e.	X
ape-4871	173	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	173	18	emir	emir	PROPN
ape-4871	173	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	173	20	katsina	katsina	PROPN
ape-4871	173	21	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	173	22	due	due	ADP
ape-4871	173	23	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	173	24	the	the	DET
ape-4871	173	25	historical	historical	ADJ
ape-4871	173	26	link	link	NOUN
ape-4871	173	27	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	173	28	maradi	maradi	NOUN
ape-4871	173	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	173	30	katsina	katsina	PROPN
ape-4871	173	31	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	173	32	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	173	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	174	1	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ape-4871	174	2	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	174	3	modern	modern	ADJ
ape-4871	174	4	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	174	5	markets	market	NOUN
ape-4871	174	6	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	174	7	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	174	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	174	9	ones	one	NOUN
ape-4871	174	10	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	174	11	jibia	jibia	PROPN
ape-4871	174	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	174	13	badagry	badagry	NOUN
ape-4871	174	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	174	15	idi	idi	PROPN
ape-4871	174	16	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	174	17	iroko	iroko	PROPN
ape-4871	174	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	174	19	seme	seme	NOUN
ape-4871	174	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	174	21	bang	bang	NOUN
ape-4871	174	22	down	down	ADP
ape-4871	174	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	174	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	174	25	hainare	hainare	VERB
ape-4871	174	26	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	174	27	attracted	attract	VERB
ape-4871	174	28	merchants	merchant	NOUN
ape-4871	174	29	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	174	30	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ape-4871	174	31	origins	origin	NOUN
ape-4871	174	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	174	33	who	who	PRON
ape-4871	174	34	flock	flock	VERB
ape-4871	174	35	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	174	36	these	these	DET
ape-4871	174	37	markets	market	NOUN
ape-4871	174	38	regardless	regardless	ADV
ape-4871	174	39	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	174	40	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	174	41	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
ape-4871	174	42	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	174	43	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ape-4871	174	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	175	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ape-4871	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	175	3	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	175	4	makes	make	VERB
ape-4871	175	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	175	6	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	175	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	175	8	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	175	9	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	175	10	to	to	PART
ape-4871	175	11	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	175	12	very	very	ADV
ape-4871	175	13	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ape-4871	175	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	176	1	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	176	2	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	176	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	176	4	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-4871	176	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	176	6	largely	largely	ADV
ape-4871	176	7	remained	remain	VERB
ape-4871	176	8	imaginary	imaginary	ADJ
ape-4871	176	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	176	10	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	176	11	too	too	ADV
ape-4871	176	12	few	few	ADJ
ape-4871	176	13	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	176	14	officials	official	NOUN
ape-4871	176	15	to	to	PART
ape-4871	176	16	control	control	VERB
ape-4871	176	17	the	the	DET
ape-4871	176	18	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	176	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	176	20	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	176	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	177	1	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	177	2	officials	official	NOUN
ape-4871	177	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	177	4	particularly	particularly	ADV
ape-4871	177	5	if	if	SCONJ
ape-4871	177	6	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	177	7	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	177	8	unfamiliar	unfamiliar	ADJ
ape-4871	177	9	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	177	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	177	11	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	177	12	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	177	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	177	14	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	177	15	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	177	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	177	17	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	177	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	177	19	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	177	20	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	177	21	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	178	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	178	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	178	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	178	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	178	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	178	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	178	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	178	8	11	11	NUM
ape-4871	178	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	178	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	178	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	178	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	178	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	178	14	have	have	VERB
ape-4871	178	15	a	a	DET
ape-4871	178	16	lot	lot	NOUN
ape-4871	178	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	178	18	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
ape-4871	178	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	178	20	differentiating	differentiate	VERB
ape-4871	178	21	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	178	22	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	178	23	travelers	traveler	NOUN
ape-4871	178	24	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	178	25	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	178	26	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	178	27	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	178	28	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	178	29	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	178	30	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	178	31	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	178	32	countrymen	countryman	NOUN
ape-4871	178	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	178	34	women	woman	NOUN
ape-4871	178	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	178	36	since	since	SCONJ
ape-4871	178	37	most	most	ADJ
ape-4871	178	38	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	178	39	the	the	DET
ape-4871	178	40	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	178	41	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	178	42	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	178	43	the	the	DET
ape-4871	178	44	same	same	ADJ
ape-4871	178	45	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	178	46	origin	origin	NOUN
ape-4871	178	47	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	179	1	this	this	DET
ape-4871	179	2	situation	situation	NOUN
ape-4871	179	3	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	179	4	continued	continue	VERB
ape-4871	179	5	to	to	PART
ape-4871	179	6	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	179	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	179	8	concern	concern	NOUN
ape-4871	179	9	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	179	10	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	179	11	authorities	authority	NOUN
ape-4871	179	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	179	13	especially	especially	ADV
ape-4871	179	14	concerning	concern	VERB
ape-4871	179	15	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	179	16	implication	implication	NOUN
ape-4871	179	17	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	179	18	taxation	taxation	NOUN
ape-4871	179	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	179	20	health	health	NOUN
ape-4871	179	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	179	22	education	education	NOUN
ape-4871	179	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	179	24	military	military	ADJ
ape-4871	179	25	service	service	NOUN
ape-4871	179	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	179	27	household	household	NOUN
ape-4871	179	28	statistics	statistic	NOUN
ape-4871	179	29	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	179	30	census	census	NOUN
ape-4871	179	31	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	179	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	179	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	179	34	other	other	ADJ
ape-4871	179	35	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ape-4871	179	36	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	179	37	public	public	ADJ
ape-4871	179	38	administration	administration	NOUN
ape-4871	179	39	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	180	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	180	2	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	180	3	fundamentally	fundamentally	ADV
ape-4871	180	4	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	180	5	this	this	DET
ape-4871	180	6	reason	reason	NOUN
ape-4871	180	7	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	180	8	regional	regional	ADJ
ape-4871	180	9	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	180	10	/	/	SYM
ape-4871	180	11	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	180	12	groupings	grouping	NOUN
ape-4871	180	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	180	14	communities	community	NOUN
ape-4871	180	15	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	180	16	established	establish	VERB
ape-4871	180	17	to	to	PART
ape-4871	180	18	unite	unite	VERB
ape-4871	180	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	180	20	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	180	21	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	180	22	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	180	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	180	24	regulate	regulate	VERB
ape-4871	180	25	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	180	26	common	common	ADJ
ape-4871	180	27	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	180	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	180	29	status	status	NOUN
ape-4871	180	30	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	180	31	the	the	DET
ape-4871	180	32	cross	cross	ADJ
ape-4871	180	33	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	180	34	border	border	ADJ
ape-4871	180	35	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	180	36	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	180	37	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	180	38	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	180	39	the	the	DET
ape-4871	180	40	centre	centre	NOUN
ape-4871	180	41	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	180	42	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	180	43	initiations	initiation	NOUN
ape-4871	180	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	181	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	181	2	several	several	ADJ
ape-4871	181	3	regional	regional	ADJ
ape-4871	181	4	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	181	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	181	6	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	181	7	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	181	8	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	181	9	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	181	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	181	11	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	181	12	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	181	13	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	181	14	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	181	15	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	181	16	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	181	17	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	181	18	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	181	19	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	181	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	181	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	181	22	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	181	23	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	181	24	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	181	25	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	181	26	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	181	27	ceao	ceao	PROPN
ape-4871	181	28	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	181	29	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	181	30	attempted	attempt	VERB
ape-4871	181	31	to	to	PART
ape-4871	181	32	regulate	regulate	VERB
ape-4871	181	33	the	the	DET
ape-4871	181	34	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	181	35	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	181	36	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	181	37	across	across	ADP
ape-4871	181	38	the	the	DET
ape-4871	181	39	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	181	40	borders	border	NOUN
ape-4871	181	41	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	181	42	the	the	DET
ape-4871	181	43	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	181	44	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	181	45	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	181	46	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	181	47	stipulated	stipulate	VERB
ape-4871	181	48	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	181	49	the	the	DET
ape-4871	181	50	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	181	51	labour	labour	PROPN
ape-4871	181	52	organisation	organisation	NOUN
ape-4871	181	53	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ape-4871	181	54	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	181	55	barbour	barbour	PROPN
ape-4871	181	56	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	181	57	1961	1961	NUM
ape-4871	181	58	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	181	59	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	182	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	182	2	1979	1979	NUM
ape-4871	182	3	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	182	4	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	182	5	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	182	6	a	a	DET
ape-4871	182	7	case	case	NOUN
ape-4871	182	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	182	9	point	point	NOUN
ape-4871	182	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	183	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	183	2	1st	1st	ADJ
ape-4871	183	3	article	article	NOUN
ape-4871	183	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	183	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	183	6	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	183	7	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
ape-4871	183	8	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	183	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	184	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	184	2	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	184	3	entitles	entitle	VERB
ape-4871	184	4	all	all	DET
ape-4871	184	5	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4871	184	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	184	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	184	8	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	184	9	to	to	PART
ape-4871	184	10	enter	enter	VERB
ape-4871	184	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	184	12	reside	reside	VERB
ape-4871	184	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	184	14	settle	settle	VERB
ape-4871	184	15	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	184	16	permanently	permanently	ADV
ape-4871	184	17	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	184	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	184	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	184	20	territory	territory	NOUN
ape-4871	184	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	184	22	member	member	NOUN
ape-4871	184	23	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	184	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	185	1	a	a	DET
ape-4871	185	2	target	target	NOUN
ape-4871	185	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	185	4	15	15	NUM
ape-4871	185	5	years	year	NOUN
ape-4871	185	6	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	185	7	set	set	VERB
ape-4871	185	8	for	for	SCONJ
ape-4871	185	9	this	this	DET
ape-4871	185	10	objective	objective	NOUN
ape-4871	185	11	to	to	PART
ape-4871	185	12	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	185	13	achieved	achieve	VERB
ape-4871	185	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	185	15	no	no	DET
ape-4871	185	16	distinction	distinction	NOUN
ape-4871	185	17	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	185	18	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	185	19	regarding	regard	VERB
ape-4871	185	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	185	21	occupational	occupational	ADJ
ape-4871	185	22	status	status	NOUN
ape-4871	185	23	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	185	24	potential	potential	ADJ
ape-4871	185	25	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	185	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	186	1	three	three	NUM
ape-4871	186	2	distinct	distinct	ADJ
ape-4871	186	3	phases	phase	NOUN
ape-4871	186	4	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	186	5	established	establish	VERB
ape-4871	186	6	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	186	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	186	8	attainment	attainment	NOUN
ape-4871	186	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	186	10	total	total	ADJ
ape-4871	186	11	freedom	freedom	NOUN
ape-4871	186	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	186	13	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	186	14	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	186	15	a	a	DET
ape-4871	186	16	visa	visa	NOUN
ape-4871	186	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	186	18	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	186	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	186	20	right	right	NOUN
ape-4871	186	21	to	to	PART
ape-4871	186	22	reside	reside	VERB
ape-4871	186	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	186	24	settle	settle	VERB
ape-4871	186	25	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	186	26	a	a	DET
ape-4871	186	27	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	186	28	citizen	citizen	NOUN
ape-4871	186	29	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	186	30	any	any	DET
ape-4871	186	31	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	186	32	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	186	33	choice	choice	NOUN
ape-4871	186	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	187	1	briefly	briefly	NOUN
ape-4871	187	2	put	put	VERB
ape-4871	187	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	187	4	these	these	DET
ape-4871	187	5	phases	phase	NOUN
ape-4871	187	6	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	187	7	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	187	8	follows	follow	VERB
ape-4871	187	9	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4871	187	10	phase	phase	NOUN
ape-4871	187	11	i	i	PRON
ape-4871	187	12	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	187	13	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4871	187	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	187	15	member	member	NOUN
ape-4871	187	16	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	187	17	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	187	18	given	give	VERB
ape-4871	187	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	187	20	right	right	NOUN
ape-4871	187	21	to	to	PART
ape-4871	187	22	travel	travel	VERB
ape-4871	187	23	within	within	ADP
ape-4871	187	24	the	the	DET
ape-4871	187	25	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	187	26	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	187	27	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	187	28	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	187	29	a	a	DET
ape-4871	187	30	visa	visa	NOUN
ape-4871	187	31	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	187	32	a	a	DET
ape-4871	187	33	period	period	NOUN
ape-4871	187	34	not	not	PART
ape-4871	187	35	exceeding	exceed	VERB
ape-4871	187	36	90	90	NUM
ape-4871	187	37	days	day	NOUN
ape-4871	187	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	188	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	188	2	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	188	3	meant	mean	VERB
ape-4871	188	4	to	to	PART
ape-4871	188	5	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ape-4871	188	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	188	7	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	188	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	188	9	business	business	NOUN
ape-4871	188	10	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	188	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	188	12	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
ape-4871	188	13	workers	worker	NOUN
ape-4871	188	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	188	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	188	16	tourists	tourist	NOUN
ape-4871	188	17	except	except	SCONJ
ape-4871	188	18	where	where	SCONJ
ape-4871	188	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	188	20	host	host	NOUN
ape-4871	188	21	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	188	22	approved	approve	VERB
ape-4871	188	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	189	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	189	2	excluded	exclude	VERB
ape-4871	189	3	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	189	4	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	189	5	regular	regular	ADJ
ape-4871	189	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	189	7	full	full	ADJ
ape-4871	189	8	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	189	9	time	time	NOUN
ape-4871	189	10	employment	employment	NOUN
ape-4871	189	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	190	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	190	2	this	this	DET
ape-4871	190	3	phase	phase	NOUN
ape-4871	190	4	ended	end	VERB
ape-4871	190	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	190	6	1984	1984	NUM
ape-4871	190	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	190	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	191	1	phase	phase	NOUN
ape-4871	191	2	ii	ii	PROPN
ape-4871	191	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	191	4	this	this	DET
ape-4871	191	5	phase	phase	NOUN
ape-4871	191	6	began	begin	VERB
ape-4871	191	7	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	191	8	1985	1985	NUM
ape-4871	191	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	192	1	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	192	2	this	this	DET
ape-4871	192	3	phase	phase	NOUN
ape-4871	192	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	192	5	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	192	6	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4871	192	7	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	192	8	entitled	entitle	VERB
ape-4871	192	9	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	192	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	192	11	right	right	NOUN
ape-4871	192	12	to	to	PART
ape-4871	192	13	reside	reside	VERB
ape-4871	192	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	192	15	engage	engage	VERB
ape-4871	192	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	192	17	full	full	ADJ
ape-4871	192	18	remunerated	remunerate	VERB
ape-4871	192	19	employment	employment	NOUN
ape-4871	192	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	193	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	193	2	tension	tension	NOUN
ape-4871	193	3	created	create	VERB
ape-4871	193	4	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	193	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	193	6	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN
ape-4871	193	7	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	193	8	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ape-4871	193	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	193	10	about	about	ADV
ape-4871	193	11	two	two	NUM
ape-4871	193	12	million	million	NUM
ape-4871	193	13	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	193	14	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	193	15	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	193	16	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	193	17	almost	almost	ADV
ape-4871	193	18	halted	halt	VERB
ape-4871	193	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	193	20	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ape-4871	193	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	193	22	this	this	DET
ape-4871	193	23	phase	phase	NOUN
ape-4871	193	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	194	1	this	this	DET
ape-4871	194	2	tension	tension	NOUN
ape-4871	194	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	194	4	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	194	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	194	6	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	194	7	resolved	resolve	VERB
ape-4871	194	8	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	194	9	16	16	NUM
ape-4871	194	10	heads	head	NOUN
ape-4871	194	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	194	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	194	13	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	194	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	194	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	194	16	a	a	DET
ape-4871	194	17	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
ape-4871	194	18	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	194	19	to	to	PART
ape-4871	194	20	phase	phase	VERB
ape-4871	194	21	ii	ii	PROPN
ape-4871	194	22	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	194	23	enacted	enact	VERB
ape-4871	194	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	1	phase	phase	NOUN
ape-4871	195	2	iii	iii	PROPN
ape-4871	195	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	4	initiated	initiate	VERB
ape-4871	195	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	195	6	july	july	PROPN
ape-4871	195	7	1986	1986	NUM
ape-4871	195	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	9	this	this	DET
ape-4871	195	10	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	195	11	established	establish	VERB
ape-4871	195	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	195	13	right	right	NOUN
ape-4871	195	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	195	15	all	all	DET
ape-4871	195	16	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4871	195	17	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	195	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	195	19	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	195	20	to	to	PART
ape-4871	195	21	reside	reside	VERB
ape-4871	195	22	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	195	23	any	any	DET
ape-4871	195	24	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	195	25	to	to	PART
ape-4871	195	26	seekand	seekand	VERB
ape-4871	195	27	carry	carry	VERB
ape-4871	195	28	out	out	ADP
ape-4871	195	29	income	income	NOUN
ape-4871	195	30	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	31	earning	earn	VERB
ape-4871	195	32	employment	employment	NOUN
ape-4871	195	33	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	34	article	article	NOUN
ape-4871	195	35	2	2	NUM
ape-4871	195	36	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	37	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	38	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	195	39	to	to	PART
ape-4871	195	40	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	195	41	given	give	VERB
ape-4871	195	42	a	a	DET
ape-4871	195	43	permit	permit	NOUN
ape-4871	195	44	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	45	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	195	46	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	47	acknowledging	acknowledge	VERB
ape-4871	195	48	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	195	49	right	right	NOUN
ape-4871	195	50	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	195	51	residence	residence	NOUN
ape-4871	195	52	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	53	ilo	ilo	PROPN
ape-4871	195	54	conference	conference	NOUN
ape-4871	195	55	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	56	1986	1986	NUM
ape-4871	195	57	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	195	58	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	196	1	apart	apart	ADV
ape-4871	196	2	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	196	3	these	these	DET
ape-4871	196	4	provisions	provision	NOUN
ape-4871	196	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	196	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	196	7	protocols	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	196	8	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	196	9	contained	contain	VERB
ape-4871	196	10	four	four	NUM
ape-4871	196	11	articles	article	NOUN
ape-4871	196	12	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	196	13	dealt	deal	VERB
ape-4871	196	14	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	196	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	196	16	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN
ape-4871	196	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	196	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	196	19	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ape-4871	196	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	197	1	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	197	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	197	3	contents	content	NOUN
ape-4871	197	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	197	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	197	6	articles	article	NOUN
ape-4871	197	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	197	8	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	197	9	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	197	10	clear	clear	ADJ
ape-4871	197	11	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	197	12	expulsions	expulsion	NOUN
ape-4871	197	13	could	could	AUX
ape-4871	197	14	still	still	ADV
ape-4871	197	15	take	take	VERB
ape-4871	197	16	place	place	NOUN
ape-4871	197	17	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	197	18	very	very	ADV
ape-4871	197	19	strict	strict	ADJ
ape-4871	197	20	conditions	condition	NOUN
ape-4871	197	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	198	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
ape-4871	198	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	198	3	mass	mass	ADJ
ape-4871	198	4	expulsions	expulsion	NOUN
ape-4871	198	5	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	198	6	prohibited	prohibit	VERB
ape-4871	198	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	198	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	198	9	a	a	DET
ape-4871	198	10	number	number	NOUN
ape-4871	198	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	198	12	guarantees	guarantee	NOUN
ape-4871	198	13	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	198	14	prescribed	prescribe	VERB
ape-4871	198	15	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	198	16	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ape-4871	198	17	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	198	18	an	an	DET
ape-4871	198	19	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN
ape-4871	198	20	order	order	NOUN
ape-4871	198	21	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	198	22	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	198	23	the	the	DET
ape-4871	198	24	right	right	NOUN
ape-4871	198	25	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	198	26	appeal	appeal	NOUN
ape-4871	198	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	198	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	198	29	reimbursement	reimbursement	NOUN
ape-4871	198	30	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	198	31	travel	travel	NOUN
ape-4871	198	32	costs	cost	NOUN
ape-4871	198	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	198	34	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	198	35	the	the	DET
ape-4871	198	36	right	right	NOUN
ape-4871	198	37	to	to	PART
ape-4871	198	38	retain	retain	VERB
ape-4871	198	39	acquired	acquire	VERB
ape-4871	198	40	entitlements	entitlement	NOUN
ape-4871	198	41	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	199	1	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	199	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	199	3	foregoing	foregoing	NOUN
ape-4871	199	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	199	5	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	199	6	can	can	AUX
ape-4871	199	7	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	199	8	seen	see	VERB
ape-4871	199	9	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	199	10	authorities	authority	NOUN
ape-4871	199	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	199	12	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	199	13	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	199	14	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	199	15	quite	quite	ADV
ape-4871	199	16	aware	aware	ADJ
ape-4871	199	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	199	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	199	19	intensity	intensity	NOUN
ape-4871	199	20	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	199	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	199	22	current	current	ADJ
ape-4871	199	23	cross	cross	ADJ
ape-4871	199	24	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	199	25	border	border	ADJ
ape-4871	199	26	migrations	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	199	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	199	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	199	29	important	important	ADJ
ape-4871	199	30	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	199	31	played	play	VERB
ape-4871	199	32	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	199	33	the	the	DET
ape-4871	199	34	historical	historical	ADJ
ape-4871	199	35	origins	origin	NOUN
ape-4871	199	36	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	199	37	the	the	DET
ape-4871	199	38	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	199	39	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	200	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	200	2	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4871	200	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	200	4	religious	religious	ADJ
ape-4871	200	5	similarities	similarity	NOUN
ape-4871	200	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	200	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	200	8	west	west	ADJ
ape-4871	200	9	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	200	10	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	200	11	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	200	12	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	200	13	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	200	14	easier	easy	ADJ
ape-4871	200	15	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	200	16	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	200	17	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	200	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	200	19	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	200	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	200	21	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	200	22	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	200	23	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	201	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	201	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	201	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	201	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	201	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	201	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	201	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	201	8	12	12	NUM
ape-4871	201	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	201	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	201	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	201	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	201	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	201	14	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	201	15	to	to	PART
ape-4871	201	16	integrate	integrate	VERB
ape-4871	201	17	into	into	ADP
ape-4871	201	18	host	host	NOUN
ape-4871	201	19	communities	community	NOUN
ape-4871	201	20	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	201	21	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
ape-4871	201	22	going	go	VERB
ape-4871	201	23	through	through	ADP
ape-4871	201	24	formalities	formality	NOUN
ape-4871	201	25	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	201	26	either	either	CCONJ
ape-4871	201	27	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	201	28	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	201	29	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	201	30	laws	law	NOUN
ape-4871	201	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	202	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	202	2	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	202	3	protocols	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	202	4	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	202	5	designed	design	VERB
ape-4871	202	6	to	to	PART
ape-4871	202	7	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ape-4871	202	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	202	9	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	202	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	202	11	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	202	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	202	13	prevent	prevent	VERB
ape-4871	202	14	abuse	abuse	NOUN
ape-4871	202	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	203	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	203	2	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ape-4871	203	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	203	4	this	this	DET
ape-4871	203	5	agreement	agreement	NOUN
ape-4871	203	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	203	7	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	203	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	203	9	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	203	10	been	be	AUX
ape-4871	203	11	hampered	hamper	VERB
ape-4871	203	12	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	203	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	203	14	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-4871	203	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	203	16	respect	respect	NOUN
ape-4871	203	17	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	203	18	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	203	19	articles	article	NOUN
ape-4871	203	20	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	203	21	both	both	CCONJ
ape-4871	203	22	the	the	DET
ape-4871	203	23	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	203	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	203	25	state	state	NOUN
ape-4871	203	26	authorities	authority	NOUN
ape-4871	203	27	within	within	ADP
ape-4871	203	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	203	29	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	203	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	204	1	more	more	ADV
ape-4871	204	2	so	so	ADV
ape-4871	204	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	204	4	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	204	5	are	be	VERB
ape-4871	204	6	several	several	ADJ
ape-4871	204	7	reasons	reason	NOUN
ape-4871	204	8	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	204	9	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	204	10	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	204	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	204	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	204	13	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	204	14	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	204	15	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	204	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	205	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	205	2	a	a	DET
ape-4871	205	3	more	more	ADV
ape-4871	205	4	elaborate	elaborate	ADJ
ape-4871	205	5	form	form	NOUN
ape-4871	205	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	205	7	several	several	ADJ
ape-4871	205	8	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	205	9	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	205	10	motives	motive	NOUN
ape-4871	205	11	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	205	12	behind	behind	ADP
ape-4871	205	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	205	14	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	205	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	205	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	205	17	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	205	18	out	out	ADP
ape-4871	205	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	205	20	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	205	21	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	205	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	205	23	origin	origin	NOUN
ape-4871	205	24	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	205	25	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	205	26	table	table	NOUN
ape-4871	205	27	below	below	ADP
ape-4871	205	28	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	205	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	206	1	this	this	DET
ape-4871	206	2	table	table	NOUN
ape-4871	206	3	indicates	indicate	VERB
ape-4871	206	4	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	206	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	206	6	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	206	7	factor	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	206	8	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	206	9	behind	behind	ADP
ape-4871	206	10	most	most	ADJ
ape-4871	206	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	206	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	206	13	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	206	14	’	’	PART
ape-4871	206	15	decision	decision	NOUN
ape-4871	206	16	to	to	PART
ape-4871	206	17	leave	leave	VERB
ape-4871	206	18	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	206	19	home	home	NOUN
ape-4871	206	20	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	206	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	207	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
ape-4871	207	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	207	3	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	207	4	was	be	VERB
ape-4871	207	5	some	some	DET
ape-4871	207	6	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ape-4871	207	7	reason	reason	NOUN
ape-4871	207	8	behind	behind	ADP
ape-4871	207	9	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	207	10	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	207	11	indicated	indicate	VERB
ape-4871	207	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	207	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	207	14	table	table	NOUN
ape-4871	207	15	below	below	ADV
ape-4871	207	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	208	1	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	208	2	example	example	NOUN
ape-4871	208	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	208	4	some	some	DET
ape-4871	208	5	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	208	6	visit	visit	VERB
ape-4871	208	7	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	208	8	relations	relation	NOUN
ape-4871	208	9	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	208	10	families	family	NOUN
ape-4871	208	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	208	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	208	13	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	208	14	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	208	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	208	16	opanike	opanike	PROPN
ape-4871	208	17	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	208	18	aduloju	aduloju	PROPN
ape-4871	208	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	208	20	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4871	208	21	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	208	22	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
ape-4871	208	23	a	a	DET
ape-4871	208	24	completely	completely	ADV
ape-4871	208	25	jobless	jobless	ADJ
ape-4871	208	26	person	person	NOUN
ape-4871	208	27	could	could	AUX
ape-4871	208	28	migrate	migrate	VERB
ape-4871	208	29	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	208	30	the	the	DET
ape-4871	208	31	hope	hope	NOUN
ape-4871	208	32	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	208	33	finding	find	VERB
ape-4871	208	34	employment	employment	NOUN
ape-4871	208	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	209	1	alternatively	alternatively	ADV
ape-4871	209	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	209	3	a	a	DET
ape-4871	209	4	person	person	NOUN
ape-4871	209	5	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	209	6	a	a	DET
ape-4871	209	7	good	good	ADJ
ape-4871	209	8	job	job	NOUN
ape-4871	209	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	209	10	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	209	11	place	place	NOUN
ape-4871	209	12	might	might	AUX
ape-4871	209	13	move	move	VERB
ape-4871	209	14	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	209	15	another	another	DET
ape-4871	209	16	place	place	NOUN
ape-4871	209	17	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	209	18	search	search	NOUN
ape-4871	209	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	209	20	a	a	DET
ape-4871	209	21	better	well	ADJ
ape-4871	209	22	job	job	NOUN
ape-4871	209	23	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	209	24	higher	high	ADJ
ape-4871	209	25	pay	pay	NOUN
ape-4871	209	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	210	1	table	table	NOUN
ape-4871	210	2	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	210	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	211	1	motives	motive	NOUN
ape-4871	211	2	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	211	3	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	211	4	motives	motive	NOUN
ape-4871	211	5	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	211	6	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	211	7	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ape-4871	211	8	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ape-4871	211	9	search	search	NOUN
ape-4871	211	10	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	211	11	a	a	DET
ape-4871	211	12	better	well	ADJ
ape-4871	211	13	job	job	NOUN
ape-4871	211	14	search	search	NOUN
ape-4871	211	15	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	211	16	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ape-4871	211	17	search	search	NOUN
ape-4871	211	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	211	19	islamic	islamic	ADJ
ape-4871	211	20	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ape-4871	211	21	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	211	22	reasons	reason	NOUN
ape-4871	211	23	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ape-4871	211	24	crisis	crisis	NOUN
ape-4871	211	25	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	211	26	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ape-4871	211	27	wars	war	NOUN
ape-4871	211	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	211	29	drought	drought	NOUN
ape-4871	211	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	211	31	etc	etc	X
ape-4871	211	32	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	211	33	to	to	PART
ape-4871	211	34	visit	visit	VERB
ape-4871	211	35	relatives	relative	NOUN
ape-4871	211	36	30	30	NUM
ape-4871	211	37	20	20	NUM
ape-4871	211	38	10	10	NUM
ape-4871	211	39	10	10	NUM
ape-4871	211	40	15	15	NUM
ape-4871	211	41	15	15	NUM
ape-4871	211	42	50	50	NUM
ape-4871	211	43	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	211	44	30	30	NUM
ape-4871	211	45	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	211	46	13	13	NUM
ape-4871	211	47	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	211	48	10	10	NUM
ape-4871	211	49	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	211	50	25	25	NUM
ape-4871	211	51	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	211	52	25	25	NUM
ape-4871	211	53	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	211	54	total	total	NOUN
ape-4871	211	55	74	74	NUM
ape-4871	211	56	104	104	NUM
ape-4871	211	57	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	211	58	the	the	DET
ape-4871	211	59	majority	majority	NOUN
ape-4871	211	60	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	211	61	50	50	NUM
ape-4871	211	62	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	211	63	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	211	64	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	211	65	the	the	DET
ape-4871	211	66	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ape-4871	211	67	left	leave	VERB
ape-4871	211	68	home	home	ADV
ape-4871	211	69	to	to	PART
ape-4871	211	70	work	work	VERB
ape-4871	211	71	outside	outside	ADP
ape-4871	211	72	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	211	73	home	home	NOUN
ape-4871	211	74	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	211	75	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	211	76	i.e.	i.e.	X
ape-4871	211	77	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	211	78	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	211	79	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	211	80	reasons	reason	NOUN
ape-4871	211	81	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	212	1	while	while	SCONJ
ape-4871	212	2	others	other	NOUN
ape-4871	212	3	left	leave	VERB
ape-4871	212	4	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	212	5	search	search	NOUN
ape-4871	212	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	212	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ape-4871	212	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	213	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	213	2	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	213	3	traditionally	traditionally	ADV
ape-4871	213	4	been	be	AUX
ape-4871	213	5	a	a	DET
ape-4871	213	6	motive	motive	NOUN
ape-4871	213	7	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	213	8	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	213	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	213	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	213	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	213	12	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	213	13	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	213	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	213	15	general	general	PROPN
ape-4871	213	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	214	1	seekers	seeker	NOUN
ape-4871	214	2	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	214	3	islamic	islamic	ADJ
ape-4871	214	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ape-4871	214	5	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	214	6	well	well	ADV
ape-4871	214	7	known	know	VERB
ape-4871	214	8	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	214	9	migrating	migrate	VERB
ape-4871	214	10	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	214	11	different	different	ADJ
ape-4871	214	12	places	place	NOUN
ape-4871	214	13	to	to	PART
ape-4871	214	14	consult	consult	VERB
ape-4871	214	15	learned	learn	VERB
ape-4871	214	16	sheikhs	sheikh	NOUN
ape-4871	214	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	214	18	many	many	ADJ
ape-4871	214	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	214	20	them	they	PRON
ape-4871	214	21	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	214	22	ended	end	VERB
ape-4871	214	23	up	up	ADP
ape-4871	214	24	settling	settle	VERB
ape-4871	214	25	there	there	ADV
ape-4871	214	26	permanently	permanently	ADV
ape-4871	214	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	214	28	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	214	29	become	become	VERB
ape-4871	214	30	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	214	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	214	32	the	the	DET
ape-4871	214	33	learned	learn	VERB
ape-4871	214	34	host	host	NOUN
ape-4871	214	35	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	214	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	215	1	those	those	PRON
ape-4871	215	2	who	who	PRON
ape-4871	215	3	gave	give	VERB
ape-4871	215	4	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	215	5	reasons	reason	NOUN
ape-4871	215	6	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	215	7	leaving	leave	VERB
ape-4871	215	8	home	home	NOUN
ape-4871	215	9	do	do	AUX
ape-4871	215	10	not	not	PART
ape-4871	215	11	discuss	discuss	VERB
ape-4871	215	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	215	13	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-4871	215	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	215	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	215	16	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	215	17	situation	situation	NOUN
ape-4871	215	18	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	215	19	had	have	AUX
ape-4871	215	20	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	215	21	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	215	22	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ape-4871	215	23	for	for	SCONJ
ape-4871	215	24	them	they	PRON
ape-4871	215	25	to	to	PART
ape-4871	215	26	migrate	migrate	VERB
ape-4871	215	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	216	1	while	while	SCONJ
ape-4871	216	2	others	other	NOUN
ape-4871	216	3	left	leave	VERB
ape-4871	216	4	because	because	SCONJ
ape-4871	216	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	216	6	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ape-4871	216	7	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	216	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	216	9	crises	crisis	NOUN
ape-4871	216	10	/	/	SYM
ape-4871	216	11	wars	war	NOUN
ape-4871	216	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	217	1	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	217	2	others	other	NOUN
ape-4871	217	3	visit	visit	VERB
ape-4871	217	4	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	217	5	relations	relation	NOUN
ape-4871	217	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	218	1	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4871	218	2	women	woman	NOUN
ape-4871	218	3	generally	generally	ADV
ape-4871	218	4	visit	visit	VERB
ape-4871	218	5	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	218	6	relations	relation	NOUN
ape-4871	218	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	218	8	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	218	9	follow	follow	VERB
ape-4871	218	10	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	218	11	husbands	husband	NOUN
ape-4871	218	12	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	218	13	labo	labo	PROPN
ape-4871	218	14	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	218	15	afolayan	afolayan	ADJ
ape-4871	218	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	218	17	2000	2000	NUM
ape-4871	218	18	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	218	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	219	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	219	2	advances	advance	VERB
ape-4871	219	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	219	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	219	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	219	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	219	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	219	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	220	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	220	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	220	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	220	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	220	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	220	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	220	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	220	8	13	13	NUM
ape-4871	220	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	220	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	220	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	220	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	220	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	220	14	table	table	PROPN
ape-4871	221	1	2	2	NUM
ape-4871	221	2	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	221	3	reasons	reason	NOUN
ape-4871	221	4	behind	behind	ADP
ape-4871	221	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	221	6	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-4871	221	7	to	to	PART
ape-4871	221	8	migrate	migrate	VERB
ape-4871	221	9	reasons	reason	NOUN
ape-4871	221	10	behind	behind	ADP
ape-4871	221	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	221	12	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-4871	221	13	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ape-4871	221	14	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ape-4871	221	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	221	16	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	221	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	221	18	friends	friend	NOUN
ape-4871	221	19	self	self	NOUN
ape-4871	221	20	relations	relation	NOUN
ape-4871	221	21	parents	parent	NOUN
ape-4871	221	22	individuals	individual	NOUN
ape-4871	221	23	13	13	NUM
ape-4871	221	24	15	15	NUM
ape-4871	221	25	06	06	NUM
ape-4871	221	26	03	03	NUM
ape-4871	221	27	08	08	NUM
ape-4871	221	28	28.9	28.9	NUM
ape-4871	221	29	33.3	33.3	NUM
ape-4871	221	30	13.3	13.3	NUM
ape-4871	221	31	6.7	6.7	NUM
ape-4871	221	32	17.8	17.8	NUM
ape-4871	221	33	total	total	NOUN
ape-4871	221	34	45	45	NUM
ape-4871	221	35	100	100	NUM
ape-4871	221	36	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	221	37	the	the	DET
ape-4871	221	38	majority	majority	NOUN
ape-4871	221	39	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	221	40	the	the	DET
ape-4871	221	41	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	221	42	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	221	43	67.7	67.7	NUM
ape-4871	221	44	%	%	NOUN
ape-4871	221	45	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	221	46	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	221	47	encouraged	encourage	VERB
ape-4871	221	48	to	to	PART
ape-4871	221	49	migrate	migrate	VERB
ape-4871	221	50	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	221	51	friends	friend	NOUN
ape-4871	221	52	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	221	53	relations	relation	NOUN
ape-4871	221	54	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	221	55	parents	parent	NOUN
ape-4871	221	56	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	221	57	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	221	58	husbands	husband	NOUN
ape-4871	221	59	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	222	1	only	only	ADV
ape-4871	222	2	fifteen	fifteen	NUM
ape-4871	222	3	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ape-4871	222	4	indicated	indicate	VERB
ape-4871	222	5	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	222	6	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	222	7	took	take	VERB
ape-4871	222	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	222	9	decision	decision	NOUN
ape-4871	222	10	to	to	PART
ape-4871	222	11	leave	leave	VERB
ape-4871	222	12	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	222	13	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	222	14	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	222	15	themselves	themselves	PRON
ape-4871	222	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	222	17	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	222	18	uninfluenced	uninfluence	VERB
ape-4871	222	19	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	222	20	others	other	NOUN
ape-4871	222	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	223	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	223	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	223	3	not	not	PART
ape-4871	223	4	surprising	surprising	ADJ
ape-4871	223	5	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	223	6	life	life	NOUN
ape-4871	223	7	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	223	8	a	a	DET
ape-4871	223	9	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ape-4871	223	10	setting	setting	NOUN
ape-4871	223	11	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	223	12	so	so	ADV
ape-4871	223	13	structured	structured	ADJ
ape-4871	223	14	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	223	15	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	223	16	do	do	AUX
ape-4871	223	17	not	not	PART
ape-4871	223	18	live	live	VERB
ape-4871	223	19	independently	independently	ADV
ape-4871	223	20	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	223	21	each	each	DET
ape-4871	223	22	other	other	ADJ
ape-4871	223	23	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4871	223	24	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	223	25	bonded	bond	VERB
ape-4871	223	26	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	223	27	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ape-4871	223	28	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	223	29	could	could	AUX
ape-4871	223	30	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	223	31	familial	familial	ADJ
ape-4871	223	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	223	33	social	social	ADJ
ape-4871	223	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	223	35	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	223	36	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	223	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	224	1	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	224	2	often	often	ADV
ape-4871	224	3	feel	feel	VERB
ape-4871	224	4	bound	bind	VERB
ape-4871	224	5	to	to	PART
ape-4871	224	6	consider	consider	VERB
ape-4871	224	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	224	8	opinions	opinion	NOUN
ape-4871	224	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	224	10	others	other	NOUN
ape-4871	224	11	when	when	SCONJ
ape-4871	224	12	taking	take	VERB
ape-4871	224	13	important	important	ADJ
ape-4871	224	14	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-4871	224	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	225	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
ape-4871	225	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	225	3	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	225	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	225	5	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	225	6	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	225	7	apart	apart	ADV
ape-4871	225	8	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	225	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	225	10	external	external	ADJ
ape-4871	225	11	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	225	12	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	225	13	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	225	14	been	be	AUX
ape-4871	225	15	discussed	discuss	VERB
ape-4871	225	16	above	above	ADV
ape-4871	225	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	225	18	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	225	19	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	225	20	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	225	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	225	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	225	23	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	225	24	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ
ape-4871	225	25	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	225	26	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4871	225	27	internal	internal	ADJ
ape-4871	225	28	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-4871	225	29	compounded	compound	VERB
ape-4871	225	30	the	the	DET
ape-4871	225	31	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	225	32	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	225	33	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	225	34	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	225	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	226	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	226	2	thirty	thirty	NUM
ape-4871	226	3	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	226	4	six	six	NUM
ape-4871	226	5	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	226	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	226	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	226	8	federation	federation	NOUN
ape-4871	226	9	plus	plus	CCONJ
ape-4871	226	10	fct	fct	NOUN
ape-4871	226	11	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	226	12	created	create	VERB
ape-4871	226	13	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	226	14	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	226	15	reasons	reason	NOUN
ape-4871	226	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	226	17	not	not	PART
ape-4871	226	18	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	226	19	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	226	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	226	21	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	226	22	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	226	23	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ape-4871	226	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	227	1	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	227	2	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	227	3	compounded	compound	VERB
ape-4871	227	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	227	5	problem	problem	NOUN
ape-4871	227	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	227	7	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	227	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	227	9	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	227	10	identification	identification	NOUN
ape-4871	227	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	227	12	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	227	13	indigenisation	indigenisation	NOUN
ape-4871	227	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	227	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	227	16	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	227	17	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	227	18	some	some	DET
ape-4871	227	19	individuals	individual	NOUN
ape-4871	227	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	228	1	moreso	moreso	PROPN
ape-4871	228	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	228	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	228	4	six	six	NUM
ape-4871	228	5	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ
ape-4871	228	6	zones	zone	NOUN
ape-4871	228	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	228	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	228	9	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	228	10	major	major	ADJ
ape-4871	228	11	division	division	NOUN
ape-4871	228	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	228	13	modern	modern	ADJ
ape-4871	228	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	228	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	228	16	created	create	VERB
ape-4871	228	17	during	during	ADP
ape-4871	228	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	228	19	regime	regime	NOUN
ape-4871	228	20	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	228	21	president	president	PROPN
ape-4871	228	22	general	general	PROPN
ape-4871	228	23	saniabacha	saniabacha	PROPN
ape-4871	228	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	229	1	nigerian	nigerian	PROPN
ape-4871	229	2	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	229	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	229	4	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	229	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	229	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	229	7	educational	educational	ADJ
ape-4871	229	8	resources	resource	NOUN
ape-4871	229	9	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	229	10	often	often	ADV
ape-4871	229	11	shared	share	VERB
ape-4871	229	12	across	across	ADP
ape-4871	229	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	229	14	zones	zone	NOUN
ape-4871	229	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	230	1	although	although	SCONJ
ape-4871	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	230	3	some	some	DET
ape-4871	230	4	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ape-4871	230	5	argued	argue	VERB
ape-4871	230	6	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	230	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	230	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	230	9	thirty	thirty	NUM
ape-4871	230	10	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	230	11	six	six	NUM
ape-4871	230	12	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	230	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	230	14	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ape-4871	230	15	zones	zone	NOUN
ape-4871	230	16	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	230	17	entirely	entirely	ADV
ape-4871	230	18	created	create	VERB
ape-4871	230	19	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	230	20	carved	carve	VERB
ape-4871	230	21	out	out	ADP
ape-4871	230	22	based	base	VERB
ape-4871	230	23	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	230	24	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ape-4871	230	25	location	location	NOUN
ape-4871	230	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	230	27	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4871	230	28	rather	rather	ADV
ape-4871	230	29	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	230	30	similar	similar	ADJ
ape-4871	230	31	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	230	32	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	230	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	230	34	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ape-4871	230	35	common	common	ADJ
ape-4871	230	36	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	230	37	history	history	NOUN
ape-4871	230	38	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	230	39	classified	classify	VERB
ape-4871	230	40	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	230	41	the	the	DET
ape-4871	230	42	same	same	ADJ
ape-4871	230	43	zone	zone	NOUN
ape-4871	230	44	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	230	45	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	230	46	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	231	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	231	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	231	3	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	231	4	up	up	ADP
ape-4871	231	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	231	6	approximately	approximately	ADV
ape-4871	231	7	400	400	NUM
ape-4871	231	8	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	231	9	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	231	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	231	11	450	450	NUM
ape-4871	231	12	languages	language	NOUN
ape-4871	231	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	232	1	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	232	2	was	be	VERB
ape-4871	232	3	a	a	DET
ape-4871	232	4	need	need	NOUN
ape-4871	232	5	for	for	SCONJ
ape-4871	232	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	232	7	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	232	8	to	to	PART
ape-4871	232	9	merge	merge	VERB
ape-4871	232	10	similar	similar	ADJ
ape-4871	232	11	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	232	12	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	232	13	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	232	14	effective	effective	ADJ
ape-4871	232	15	identification	identification	NOUN
ape-4871	232	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	232	17	curb	curb	VERB
ape-4871	232	18	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	232	19	indigenisation	indigenisation	NOUN
ape-4871	232	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	233	1	based	base	VERB
ape-4871	233	2	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	233	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	233	4	above	above	ADJ
ape-4871	233	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-4871	233	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	233	7	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	233	8	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	233	9	imperative	imperative	ADJ
ape-4871	233	10	to	to	PART
ape-4871	233	11	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	233	12	that	that	SCONJ
ape-4871	233	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	233	14	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	233	15	creation	creation	NOUN
ape-4871	233	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	233	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	233	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	233	19	the	the	DET
ape-4871	233	20	proliferation	proliferation	NOUN
ape-4871	233	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	233	22	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	233	23	up	up	ADP
ape-4871	233	24	to	to	PART
ape-4871	233	25	thirty	thirty	NUM
ape-4871	233	26	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	233	27	six	six	NUM
ape-4871	233	28	plus	plus	CCONJ
ape-4871	233	29	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-4871	233	30	capital	capital	NOUN
ape-4871	233	31	territory	territory	NOUN
ape-4871	233	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	233	33	abuja	abuja	PROPN
ape-4871	233	34	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	233	35	done	do	VERB
ape-4871	233	36	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	233	37	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	233	38	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	233	39	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	233	40	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ape-4871	233	41	consideration	consideration	NOUN
ape-4871	233	42	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4871	233	43	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	233	44	purely	purely	ADV
ape-4871	233	45	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	233	46	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ape-4871	233	47	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	233	48	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	233	49	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	233	50	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	233	51	why	why	SCONJ
ape-4871	233	52	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	233	53	became	become	VERB
ape-4871	233	54	a	a	DET
ape-4871	233	55	serious	serious	ADJ
ape-4871	233	56	threat	threat	NOUN
ape-4871	233	57	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	233	58	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	233	59	explosion	explosion	NOUN
ape-4871	233	60	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	233	61	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	233	62	spite	spite	NOUN
ape-4871	233	63	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	233	64	the	the	DET
ape-4871	233	65	efforts	effort	NOUN
ape-4871	233	66	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	233	67	the	the	DET
ape-4871	233	68	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	233	69	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	233	70	management	management	NOUN
ape-4871	233	71	commission	commission	NOUN
ape-4871	233	72	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	233	73	nimc	nimc	ADJ
ape-4871	233	74	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	233	75	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	233	76	the	the	DET
ape-4871	233	77	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	233	78	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	233	79	service	service	NOUN
ape-4871	233	80	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	234	1	to	to	PART
ape-4871	234	2	overcome	overcome	VERB
ape-4871	234	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	234	4	problems	problem	NOUN
ape-4871	234	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	234	6	tackle	tackle	VERB
ape-4871	234	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	234	8	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	234	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	234	10	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	234	11	indigenization	indigenization	NOUN
ape-4871	234	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	234	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	234	14	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	234	15	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	234	16	introduced	introduce	VERB
ape-4871	234	17	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	234	18	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	234	19	management	management	NOUN
ape-4871	234	20	system	system	NOUN
ape-4871	234	21	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	234	22	nimc	nimc	NOUN
ape-4871	234	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	235	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-4871	235	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	235	3	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	235	4	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	235	5	management	management	NOUN
ape-4871	235	6	commission	commission	NOUN
ape-4871	235	7	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	235	8	nimc	nimc	ADJ
ape-4871	235	9	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	235	10	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	235	11	a	a	DET
ape-4871	235	12	statutory	statutory	ADJ
ape-4871	235	13	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	235	14	organization	organization	NOUN
ape-4871	235	15	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	235	16	advances	advance	VERB
ape-4871	235	17	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	235	18	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	235	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	235	20	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	235	21	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	235	22	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	236	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	236	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	236	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	236	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	236	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	236	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	236	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	236	8	14	14	NUM
ape-4871	236	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	236	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	236	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	236	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	236	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	236	14	that	that	PRON
ape-4871	236	15	operates	operate	VERB
ape-4871	236	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	236	17	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	236	18	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	236	19	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	236	20	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	236	21	management	management	NOUN
ape-4871	236	22	system	system	NOUN
ape-4871	236	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	237	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	237	2	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	237	3	established	establish	VERB
ape-4871	237	4	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	237	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	237	6	nimc	nimc	ADJ
ape-4871	237	7	act	act	NOUN
ape-4871	237	8	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	237	9	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	238	1	23	23	NUM
ape-4871	238	2	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	238	3	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4871	239	1	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	239	2	established	establish	VERB
ape-4871	239	3	to	to	PART
ape-4871	239	4	create	create	VERB
ape-4871	239	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	239	6	operate	operate	VERB
ape-4871	239	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	239	8	manage	manage	VERB
ape-4871	239	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	239	10	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	239	11	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	239	12	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	239	13	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	239	14	database	database	NOUN
ape-4871	239	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	239	16	integrate	integrate	VERB
ape-4871	239	17	the	the	DET
ape-4871	239	18	existing	exist	VERB
ape-4871	239	19	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	239	20	database	database	NOUN
ape-4871	239	21	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	239	22	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	239	23	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-4871	239	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	239	25	register	register	VERB
ape-4871	239	26	individuals	individual	NOUN
ape-4871	239	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	239	28	legal	legal	ADJ
ape-4871	239	29	residents	resident	NOUN
ape-4871	239	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	239	31	not	not	PART
ape-4871	239	32	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ape-4871	239	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	239	34	assign	assign	VERB
ape-4871	239	35	a	a	DET
ape-4871	239	36	unique	unique	ADJ
ape-4871	239	37	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	239	38	identification	identification	NOUN
ape-4871	239	39	number	number	NOUN
ape-4871	239	40	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	239	41	introduce	introduce	VERB
ape-4871	239	42	general	general	ADJ
ape-4871	239	43	multipurpose	multipurpose	NOUN
ape-4871	239	44	cards	card	NOUN
ape-4871	239	45	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	239	46	yakubu	yakubu	PROPN
ape-4871	239	47	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	239	48	2020	2020	NUM
ape-4871	239	49	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	239	50	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	240	1	due	due	ADP
ape-4871	240	2	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	240	3	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ape-4871	240	4	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
ape-4871	240	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	240	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	240	7	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ape-4871	240	8	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-4871	240	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	240	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	240	11	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	240	12	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	240	13	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	240	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	240	15	borderlands	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	240	16	as	as	ADV
ape-4871	240	17	well	well	ADV
ape-4871	240	18	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	240	19	to	to	PART
ape-4871	240	20	curb	curb	VERB
ape-4871	240	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	240	22	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	240	23	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	240	24	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	240	25	indigenization	indigenization	NOUN
ape-4871	240	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	240	27	a	a	DET
ape-4871	240	28	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	240	29	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	240	30	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	240	31	system	system	NOUN
ape-4871	240	32	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	240	33	initially	initially	ADV
ape-4871	240	34	conceived	conceive	VERB
ape-4871	240	35	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	240	36	1977	1977	NUM
ape-4871	240	37	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4871	240	38	the	the	DET
ape-4871	240	39	project	project	NOUN
ape-4871	240	40	did	do	AUX
ape-4871	240	41	not	not	PART
ape-4871	240	42	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	240	43	the	the	DET
ape-4871	240	44	light	light	NOUN
ape-4871	240	45	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	240	46	the	the	DET
ape-4871	240	47	day	day	NOUN
ape-4871	240	48	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	241	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	241	2	2003	2003	NUM
ape-4871	241	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	241	4	a	a	DET
ape-4871	241	5	new	new	ADJ
ape-4871	241	6	scheme	scheme	NOUN
ape-4871	241	7	managed	manage	VERB
ape-4871	241	8	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	241	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	241	10	directorate	directorate	NOUN
ape-4871	241	11	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	241	12	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	241	13	civic	civic	ADJ
ape-4871	241	14	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-4871	241	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	241	16	dncr	dncr	PROPN
ape-4871	241	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	241	18	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	241	19	initiated	initiate	VERB
ape-4871	241	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	241	21	about	about	ADV
ape-4871	241	22	54	54	NUM
ape-4871	241	23	million	million	NUM
ape-4871	241	24	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-4871	241	25	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	241	26	registered	register	VERB
ape-4871	241	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	242	1	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	242	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	242	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	242	4	scheme	scheme	NOUN
ape-4871	242	5	failed	fail	VERB
ape-4871	242	6	to	to	PART
ape-4871	242	7	meet	meet	VERB
ape-4871	242	8	official	official	ADJ
ape-4871	242	9	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ape-4871	242	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	242	11	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	242	12	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	242	13	hampered	hamper	VERB
ape-4871	242	14	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	242	15	allegations	allegation	NOUN
ape-4871	242	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	242	17	corruption	corruption	NOUN
ape-4871	242	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	242	19	embezzlement	embezzlement	NOUN
ape-4871	242	20	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	242	21	funds	fund	NOUN
ape-4871	242	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	243	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	243	2	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	243	3	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	243	4	management	management	NOUN
ape-4871	243	5	commission	commission	NOUN
ape-4871	243	6	came	come	VERB
ape-4871	243	7	into	into	ADP
ape-4871	243	8	effect	effect	NOUN
ape-4871	243	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	243	10	2010	2010	NUM
ape-4871	243	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	243	12	an	an	DET
ape-4871	243	13	initial	initial	ADJ
ape-4871	243	14	budget	budget	NOUN
ape-4871	243	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	243	16	about	about	ADV
ape-4871	243	17	30	30	NUM
ape-4871	243	18	billion	billion	NUM
ape-4871	243	19	naira	naira	NOUN
ape-4871	243	20	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	243	21	appropriated	appropriate	VERB
ape-4871	243	22	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	243	23	the	the	DET
ape-4871	243	24	2011	2011	NUM
ape-4871	243	25	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-4871	243	26	budget	budget	NOUN
ape-4871	243	27	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	243	28	nwazeh	nwazeh	PROPN
ape-4871	243	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	243	30	2010	2010	NUM
ape-4871	243	31	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	243	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	244	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	244	2	commission	commission	NOUN
ape-4871	244	3	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
ape-4871	244	4	entered	enter	VERB
ape-4871	244	5	into	into	ADP
ape-4871	244	6	an	an	DET
ape-4871	244	7	agreement	agreement	NOUN
ape-4871	244	8	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	244	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	244	10	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	244	11	database	database	NOUN
ape-4871	244	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	244	13	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-4871	244	14	authority	authority	NOUN
ape-4871	244	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	244	16	pakistan	pakistan	PROPN
ape-4871	244	17	to	to	PART
ape-4871	244	18	develop	develop	VERB
ape-4871	244	19	computerized	computerized	ADJ
ape-4871	244	20	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	244	21	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	244	22	cards	card	NOUN
ape-4871	244	23	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	244	24	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-4871	244	25	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	244	26	ezigbo	ezigbo	PROPN
ape-4871	244	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	244	28	2010	2010	NUM
ape-4871	244	29	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	244	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	245	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ape-4871	245	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	245	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	245	4	commission	commission	NOUN
ape-4871	245	5	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	245	6	partnered	partner	VERB
ape-4871	245	7	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	245	8	two	two	NUM
ape-4871	245	9	consortiums	consortium	NOUN
ape-4871	245	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	245	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	245	12	first	first	ADJ
ape-4871	245	13	led	lead	VERB
ape-4871	245	14	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	245	15	chams	chams	PROPN
ape-4871	245	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	245	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	245	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	245	19	second	second	ADJ
ape-4871	245	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	245	21	one	one	NUM
ape-4871	245	22	secure	secure	ADJ
ape-4871	245	23	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	245	24	consortium	consortium	NOUN
ape-4871	245	25	composed	compose	VERB
ape-4871	245	26	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	245	27	interswitch	interswitch	PROPN
ape-4871	245	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	245	29	secureid	secureid	NOUN
ape-4871	245	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	245	31	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	245	32	iris	iris	NOUN
ape-4871	245	33	technologies	technology	NOUN
ape-4871	245	34	to	to	PART
ape-4871	245	35	provide	provide	VERB
ape-4871	245	36	data	datum	NOUN
ape-4871	245	37	capture	capture	NOUN
ape-4871	245	38	services	service	NOUN
ape-4871	245	39	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	245	40	ahmad	ahmad	PROPN
ape-4871	245	41	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	245	42	2020	2020	NUM
ape-4871	245	43	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	245	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	246	1	while	while	SCONJ
ape-4871	246	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	246	3	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	246	4	identification	identification	NOUN
ape-4871	246	5	number	number	NOUN
ape-4871	246	6	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	246	7	a	a	DET
ape-4871	246	8	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	246	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	246	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	246	11	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	246	12	national	national	PROPN
ape-4871	246	13	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	246	14	management	management	NOUN
ape-4871	246	15	system	system	NOUN
ape-4871	246	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	246	17	nims	nims	PROPN
ape-4871	246	18	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	246	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	246	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	246	21	other	other	ADJ
ape-4871	246	22	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	246	23	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	246	24	the	the	DET
ape-4871	246	25	general	general	ADJ
ape-4871	246	26	multipurpose	multipurpose	NOUN
ape-4871	246	27	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	246	28	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	246	29	gmpc	gmpc	PROPN
ape-4871	246	30	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	246	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	247	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	247	2	number	number	NOUN
ape-4871	247	3	stores	store	VERB
ape-4871	247	4	an	an	DET
ape-4871	247	5	individual	individual	NOUN
ape-4871	247	6	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	247	7	unique	unique	ADJ
ape-4871	247	8	data	datum	NOUN
ape-4871	247	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	247	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	247	11	database	database	NOUN
ape-4871	247	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	248	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	248	2	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	248	3	part	part	NOUN
ape-4871	248	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	248	5	a	a	DET
ape-4871	248	6	measure	measure	NOUN
ape-4871	248	7	to	to	PART
ape-4871	248	8	create	create	VERB
ape-4871	248	9	a	a	DET
ape-4871	248	10	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	248	11	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	248	12	database	database	NOUN
ape-4871	248	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	248	14	to	to	PART
ape-4871	248	15	prevent	prevent	VERB
ape-4871	248	16	both	both	PRON
ape-4871	248	17	double	double	ADJ
ape-4871	248	18	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	248	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	248	20	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	248	21	fraud	fraud	NOUN
ape-4871	248	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	249	1	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	249	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	249	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	249	4	organization	organization	NOUN
ape-4871	249	5	began	begin	VERB
ape-4871	249	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	249	7	enrolment	enrolment	ADJ
ape-4871	249	8	exercise	exercise	NOUN
ape-4871	249	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	249	10	september	september	PROPN
ape-4871	249	11	2010	2010	NUM
ape-4871	249	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	249	13	started	start	VERB
ape-4871	249	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	249	15	issuance	issuance	NOUN
ape-4871	249	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	249	17	a	a	DET
ape-4871	249	18	multipurpose	multipurpose	NOUN
ape-4871	249	19	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	249	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	249	21	2013	2013	NUM
ape-4871	249	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	250	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	250	2	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	250	3	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	250	4	issued	issue	VERB
ape-4871	250	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	250	6	2013	2013	NUM
ape-4871	250	7	can	can	AUX
ape-4871	250	8	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	250	9	obtained	obtain	VERB
ape-4871	250	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	250	11	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-4871	250	12	aged	age	VERB
ape-4871	250	13	sixteen	sixteen	NUM
ape-4871	250	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	250	15	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	250	16	who	who	PRON
ape-4871	250	17	have	have	AUX
ape-4871	250	18	lived	live	VERB
ape-4871	250	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	250	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	250	21	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	250	22	legally	legally	ADV
ape-4871	250	23	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	250	24	two	two	NUM
ape-4871	250	25	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	250	26	more	more	ADJ
ape-4871	250	27	years	year	NOUN
ape-4871	250	28	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	250	29	the	the	DET
ape-4871	250	30	point	point	NOUN
ape-4871	250	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	250	32	the	the	DET
ape-4871	250	33	enrolment	enrolment	NOUN
ape-4871	250	34	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	250	35	providing	provide	VERB
ape-4871	250	36	an	an	DET
ape-4871	250	37	identification	identification	NOUN
ape-4871	250	38	document	document	NOUN
ape-4871	250	39	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	250	40	a	a	DET
ape-4871	250	41	photograph	photograph	NOUN
ape-4871	250	42	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	250	43	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	250	44	a	a	DET
ape-4871	250	45	driver	driver	NOUN
ape-4871	250	46	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	250	47	license	license	NOUN
ape-4871	250	48	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	250	49	an	an	DET
ape-4871	250	50	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	250	51	passport	passport	NOUN
ape-4871	250	52	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	251	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	251	2	i	i	PROPN
ape-4871	251	3	d	d	PROPN
ape-4871	251	4	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	251	5	contains	contain	VERB
ape-4871	251	6	a	a	DET
ape-4871	251	7	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	251	8	identification	identification	NOUN
ape-4871	251	9	number	number	NOUN
ape-4871	251	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	251	11	a	a	DET
ape-4871	251	12	photograph	photograph	NOUN
ape-4871	251	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	251	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	251	15	a	a	DET
ape-4871	251	16	chip	chip	NOUN
ape-4871	251	17	containing	contain	VERB
ape-4871	251	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	251	19	biometric	biometric	ADJ
ape-4871	251	20	information	information	NOUN
ape-4871	251	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	251	22	the	the	DET
ape-4871	251	23	holder	holder	NOUN
ape-4871	251	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	252	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	252	2	commission	commission	NOUN
ape-4871	252	3	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	252	4	collaborated	collaborate	VERB
ape-4871	252	5	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	252	6	mastercard	mastercard	PROPN
ape-4871	252	7	to	to	PART
ape-4871	252	8	add	add	VERB
ape-4871	252	9	a	a	DET
ape-4871	252	10	prepaid	prepaid	ADJ
ape-4871	252	11	element	element	NOUN
ape-4871	252	12	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	252	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	252	14	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	252	15	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	252	16	can	can	AUX
ape-4871	252	17	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	252	18	used	use	VERB
ape-4871	252	19	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	252	20	an	an	DET
ape-4871	252	21	atm	atm	NOUN
ape-4871	252	22	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	252	23	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	252	24	mastercard	mastercard	PROPN
ape-4871	252	25	certified	certify	VERB
ape-4871	252	26	atms	atms	PROPN
ape-4871	252	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	253	1	thus	thus	ADV
ape-4871	253	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	253	3	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	253	4	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	253	5	management	management	NOUN
ape-4871	253	6	commission	commission	NOUN
ape-4871	253	7	ensures	ensure	VERB
ape-4871	253	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	253	9	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-4871	253	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	253	11	all	all	DET
ape-4871	253	12	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-4871	253	13	not	not	PART
ape-4871	253	14	less	less	ADJ
ape-4871	253	15	than	than	ADP
ape-4871	253	16	sixteen	sixteen	NUM
ape-4871	253	17	years	year	NOUN
ape-4871	253	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	253	19	age	age	NOUN
ape-4871	253	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	253	21	all	all	DET
ape-4871	253	22	legal	legal	ADJ
ape-4871	253	23	residents	resident	NOUN
ape-4871	253	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	254	1	again	again	ADV
ape-4871	254	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	254	3	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	254	4	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	254	5	service	service	NOUN
ape-4871	254	6	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	254	7	another	another	DET
ape-4871	254	8	agency	agency	NOUN
ape-4871	254	9	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	254	10	body	body	NOUN
ape-4871	254	11	established	establish	VERB
ape-4871	254	12	to	to	PART
ape-4871	254	13	ensure	ensure	VERB
ape-4871	254	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	254	15	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	254	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	254	17	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-4871	254	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	254	19	none	none	NOUN
ape-4871	254	20	nigerians	nigerian	NOUN
ape-4871	254	21	both	both	CCONJ
ape-4871	254	22	within	within	ADP
ape-4871	254	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	254	24	outside	outside	ADP
ape-4871	254	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	254	26	country	country	NOUN
ape-4871	254	27	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	254	28	order	order	NOUN
ape-4871	254	29	to	to	PART
ape-4871	254	30	curb	curb	VERB
ape-4871	254	31	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ape-4871	254	32	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	254	33	off	off	ADP
ape-4871	254	34	the	the	DET
ape-4871	254	35	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	254	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	255	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	255	2	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	255	3	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	255	4	service	service	PROPN
ape-4871	255	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	255	6	nis	nis	NOUN
ape-4871	255	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	255	8	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	255	9	extracted	extract	VERB
ape-4871	255	10	from	from	ADP
ape-4871	255	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	255	12	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	255	13	police	police	NOUN
ape-4871	255	14	force	force	NOUN
ape-4871	255	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	255	16	npf	npf	PROPN
ape-4871	255	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	255	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	255	19	august	august	PROPN
ape-4871	255	20	1958	1958	NUM
ape-4871	255	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	256	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	256	2	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	256	3	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	256	4	that	that	DET
ape-4871	256	5	time	time	NOUN
ape-4871	256	6	referred	refer	VERB
ape-4871	256	7	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	256	8	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	256	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	256	10	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	256	11	department	department	NOUN
ape-4871	256	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	256	13	headed	head	VERB
ape-4871	256	14	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	256	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	256	16	chief	chief	ADJ
ape-4871	256	17	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-4871	256	18	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	256	19	officer	officer	NOUN
ape-4871	256	20	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	256	21	cfio).the	cfio).the	DET
ape-4871	256	22	immigration	immigration	PROPN
ape-4871	256	23	department	department	PROPN
ape-4871	256	24	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	256	25	established	establish	VERB
ape-4871	256	26	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	256	27	an	an	DET
ape-4871	256	28	act	act	NOUN
ape-4871	256	29	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	256	30	parliament	parliament	NOUN
ape-4871	256	31	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	256	32	cup	cup	NOUN
ape-4871	256	33	171	171	NUM
ape-4871	256	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	256	35	laws	law	NOUN
ape-4871	256	36	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	256	37	the	the	DET
ape-4871	256	38	federation	federation	PROPN
ape-4871	256	39	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	256	40	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	256	41	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	256	42	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	256	43	august	august	PROPN
ape-4871	256	44	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	256	45	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	256	46	1963	1963	NUM
ape-4871	256	47	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	256	48	when	when	SCONJ
ape-4871	256	49	alhajishehushagari	alhajishehushagari	PROPN
ape-4871	256	50	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	256	51	the	the	DET
ape-4871	256	52	minister	minister	NOUN
ape-4871	256	53	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	256	54	internal	internal	PROPN
ape-4871	256	55	affairs	affair	NOUN
ape-4871	256	56	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	256	57	a	a	DET
ape-4871	256	58	position	position	NOUN
ape-4871	256	59	now	now	ADV
ape-4871	256	60	referred	refer	VERB
ape-4871	256	61	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	256	62	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	256	63	minister	minister	NOUN
ape-4871	256	64	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	256	65	interior	interior	NOUN
ape-4871	256	66	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	256	67	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	257	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	257	2	initial	initial	ADJ
ape-4871	257	3	law	law	NOUN
ape-4871	257	4	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	257	5	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	257	6	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	257	7	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	257	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	257	9	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	257	10	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	257	11	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	258	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	258	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	258	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	258	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	258	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	258	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	258	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	258	8	15	15	NUM
ape-4871	258	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	258	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	258	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	258	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	258	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	258	14	regulating	regulate	VERB
ape-4871	258	15	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	258	16	duties	duty	NOUN
ape-4871	258	17	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	258	18	the	the	DET
ape-4871	258	19	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	258	20	act	act	NOUN
ape-4871	258	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	258	22	1963	1963	NUM
ape-4871	258	23	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	258	24	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	258	25	amended	amend	VERB
ape-4871	258	26	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	258	27	2014	2014	NUM
ape-4871	258	28	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	258	29	again	again	ADV
ape-4871	258	30	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	258	31	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4871	258	32	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	258	33	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	258	34	act	act	PROPN
ape-4871	258	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	258	36	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4871	258	37	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	258	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	259	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	259	2	service	service	NOUN
ape-4871	259	3	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	259	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	259	5	since	since	SCONJ
ape-4871	259	6	1963	1963	NUM
ape-4871	259	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	259	8	been	be	AUX
ape-4871	259	9	restructured	restructure	VERB
ape-4871	259	10	to	to	PART
ape-4871	259	11	manage	manage	VERB
ape-4871	259	12	modern	modern	ADJ
ape-4871	259	13	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	259	14	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	259	15	line	line	NOUN
ape-4871	259	16	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	259	17	global	global	ADJ
ape-4871	259	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	259	19	regional	regional	ADJ
ape-4871	259	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	259	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	259	22	sub	sub	ADJ
ape-4871	259	23	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	259	24	regional	regional	ADJ
ape-4871	259	25	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	259	26	alignments	alignment	NOUN
ape-4871	259	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	260	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	260	2	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	260	3	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	260	4	service	service	PROPN
ape-4871	260	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	260	6	nis	nis	NOUN
ape-4871	260	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	260	8	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	260	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	260	10	has	have	AUX
ape-4871	260	11	leveraged	leverage	VERB
ape-4871	260	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	260	13	use	use	NOUN
ape-4871	260	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	260	15	information	information	NOUN
ape-4871	260	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	260	17	communication	communication	NOUN
ape-4871	260	18	technologies	technology	NOUN
ape-4871	260	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	260	20	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	260	21	operations	operation	NOUN
ape-4871	260	22	including	include	VERB
ape-4871	260	23	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4871	260	24			PRON
ape-4871	260	25	the	the	DET
ape-4871	260	26	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ape-4871	260	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	260	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	260	29	machine	machine	NOUN
ape-4871	260	30	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	260	31	readable	readable	ADJ
ape-4871	260	32	electronic	electronic	ADJ
ape-4871	260	33	passport	passport	NOUN
ape-4871	260	34	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	260	35	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4871	260	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	261	1			X
ape-4871	262	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	262	2	creation	creation	NOUN
ape-4871	262	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	262	4	a	a	DET
ape-4871	262	5	service	service	NOUN
ape-4871	262	6	website	website	NOUN
ape-4871	262	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	262	8	portal	portal	ADJ
ape-4871	262	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	263	1			X
ape-4871	263	2	global	global	ADJ
ape-4871	263	3	passport	passport	NOUN
ape-4871	263	4	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ape-4871	263	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	263	6	line	line	NOUN
ape-4871	263	7	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	263	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	263	9	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-4871	263	10	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	263	11	policy	policy	NOUN
ape-4871	263	12	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	263	13	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ape-4871	263	14	diplomacy	diplomacy	NOUN
ape-4871	263	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	264	1			X
ape-4871	264	2	forensic	forensic	ADJ
ape-4871	264	3	laboratory	laboratory	NOUN
ape-4871	264	4	services	service	NOUN
ape-4871	264	5	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	264	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	264	7	examination	examination	NOUN
ape-4871	264	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	264	9	travel	travel	NOUN
ape-4871	264	10	documents	document	NOUN
ape-4871	264	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	264	12	monetary	monetary	ADJ
ape-4871	264	13	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ape-4871	264	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	265	1			X
ape-4871	265	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	265	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ape-4871	265	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	265	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	265	6	combined	combine	VERB
ape-4871	265	7	expatriate	expatriate	ADJ
ape-4871	265	8	residence	residence	NOUN
ape-4871	265	9	permit	permit	NOUN
ape-4871	265	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	265	11	aliens	alien	NOUN
ape-4871	265	12	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	265	13	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	265	14	cerpac	cerpac	PROPN
ape-4871	265	15	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	265	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	266	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	266	2	empowered	empower	VERB
ape-4871	266	3	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	266	4	section	section	NOUN
ape-4871	266	5	2	2	NUM
ape-4871	266	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	266	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	266	8	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	266	9	act	act	PROPN
ape-4871	266	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	266	11	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4871	266	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	266	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	266	14	service	service	NOUN
ape-4871	266	15	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	266	16	responsible	responsible	ADJ
ape-4871	266	17	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	266	18	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4871	266	19			PRON
ape-4871	266	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	266	21	control	control	NOUN
ape-4871	266	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	266	23	persons	person	NOUN
ape-4871	266	24	entering	enter	VERB
ape-4871	266	25	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	266	26	leaving	leave	VERB
ape-4871	266	27	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ape-4871	266	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	267	1			X
ape-4871	268	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	268	2	issuance	issuance	NOUN
ape-4871	268	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	268	4	travel	travel	NOUN
ape-4871	268	5	documents	document	NOUN
ape-4871	268	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	268	7	including	include	VERB
ape-4871	268	8	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-4871	268	9	passports	passport	NOUN
ape-4871	268	10	to	to	PART
ape-4871	268	11	bonafide	bonafide	VERB
ape-4871	268	12	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-4871	268	13	within	within	ADP
ape-4871	268	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	268	15	outside	outside	ADP
ape-4871	268	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	268	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	269	1			X
ape-4871	270	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	270	2	issuance	issuance	NOUN
ape-4871	270	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	270	4	residence	residence	NOUN
ape-4871	270	5	permits	permit	NOUN
ape-4871	270	6	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	270	7	foreigners	foreigner	NOUN
ape-4871	270	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	270	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	270	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	271	1			NOUN
ape-4871	271	2	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	271	3	surveillance	surveillance	NOUN
ape-4871	271	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	271	5	patrol	patrol	NOUN
ape-4871	271	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	272	1			X
ape-4871	272	2	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ape-4871	272	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	272	4	laws	law	NOUN
ape-4871	272	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	272	6	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ape-4871	272	7	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	272	8	which	which	PRON
ape-4871	272	9	they	they	PRON
ape-4871	272	10	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	272	11	directly	directly	ADV
ape-4871	272	12	charged	charge	VERB
ape-4871	272	13	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4871	272	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	272	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	272	16	performance	performance	NOUN
ape-4871	272	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	272	18	such	such	ADJ
ape-4871	272	19	para	para	ADJ
ape-4871	272	20	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	272	21	military	military	ADJ
ape-4871	272	22	duties	duty	NOUN
ape-4871	272	23	within	within	ADP
ape-4871	272	24	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	272	25	outside	outside	ADP
ape-4871	272	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	272	27	as	as	SCONJ
ape-4871	272	28	may	may	AUX
ape-4871	272	29	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	272	30	required	require	VERB
ape-4871	272	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	272	32	them	they	PRON
ape-4871	272	33	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	272	34	the	the	DET
ape-4871	272	35	authority	authority	NOUN
ape-4871	272	36	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	272	37	this	this	DET
ape-4871	272	38	act	act	NOUN
ape-4871	272	39	or	or	CCONJ
ape-4871	272	40	any	any	DET
ape-4871	272	41	other	other	ADJ
ape-4871	272	42	enactment	enactment	NOUN
ape-4871	272	43	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	273	1	3	3	X
ape-4871	273	2	.	.	X
ape-4871	273	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ape-4871	273	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	273	5	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	273	6	examined	examine	VERB
ape-4871	273	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	273	8	historical	historical	ADJ
ape-4871	273	9	creation	creation	NOUN
ape-4871	273	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	273	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	273	12	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	273	13	great	great	ADJ
ape-4871	273	14	britain	britain	PROPN
ape-4871	273	15	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	273	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	273	17	late	late	ADJ
ape-4871	273	18	19th	19th	NOUN
ape-4871	273	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	273	20	early	early	ADJ
ape-4871	273	21	20th	20th	ADJ
ape-4871	273	22	centuries	century	NOUN
ape-4871	273	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	273	24	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	273	25	implications	implication	NOUN
ape-4871	273	26	prior	prior	ADV
ape-4871	273	27	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	273	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	273	29	british	british	ADJ
ape-4871	273	30	creation	creation	NOUN
ape-4871	273	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	273	32	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	273	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	273	34	the	the	DET
ape-4871	273	35	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	273	36	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	273	37	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	273	38	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	273	39	made	make	VERB
ape-4871	273	40	up	up	ADP
ape-4871	273	41	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	273	42	hausa	hausa	NOUN
ape-4871	273	43	city	city	NOUN
ape-4871	273	44	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	273	45	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	273	46	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	273	47	later	later	ADJ
ape-4871	273	48	sokoto	sokoto	PROPN
ape-4871	273	49	caliphate	caliphate	PROPN
ape-4871	273	50	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	273	51	oyo	oyo	NOUN
ape-4871	273	52	empire	empire	NOUN
ape-4871	273	53	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	273	54	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	273	55	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
ape-4871	273	56	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	273	57	kanem	kanem	PROPN
ape-4871	273	58	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	273	59	borno	borno	PROPN
ape-4871	273	60	empire	empire	NOUN
ape-4871	273	61	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	273	62	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	273	63	igbo	igbo	PROPN
ape-4871	273	64	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	273	65	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	273	66	minorities	minority	NOUN
ape-4871	273	67	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	273	68	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	273	69	natural	natural	ADJ
ape-4871	273	70	borderland	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	273	71	without	without	ADP
ape-4871	273	72	the	the	DET
ape-4871	273	73	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	273	74	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	273	75	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	273	76	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	273	77	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	273	78	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	273	79	indigenisation	indigenisation	NOUN
ape-4871	273	80	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	274	1	but	but	CCONJ
ape-4871	274	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	274	3	partitioning	partitioning	NOUN
ape-4871	274	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	274	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	274	6	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	274	7	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	274	8	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	274	9	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	274	10	britain	britain	PROPN
ape-4871	274	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	274	12	france	france	PROPN
ape-4871	274	13	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	274	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	274	15	era	era	NOUN
ape-4871	274	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	274	17	the	the	DET
ape-4871	274	18	scramble	scramble	NOUN
ape-4871	274	19	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	274	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	274	21	partition	partition	NOUN
ape-4871	274	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	274	23	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	274	24	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	274	25	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	274	26	the	the	DET
ape-4871	274	27	imposition	imposition	NOUN
ape-4871	274	28	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	274	29	artificial	artificial	ADJ
ape-4871	274	30	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ape-4871	274	31	lines	line	NOUN
ape-4871	274	32	separated	separate	VERB
ape-4871	274	33	some	some	DET
ape-4871	274	34	families	family	NOUN
ape-4871	274	35	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	274	36	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ape-4871	274	37	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-4871	274	38	groups	group	NOUN
ape-4871	274	39	mentioned	mention	VERB
ape-4871	274	40	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	274	41	the	the	DET
ape-4871	274	42	main	main	ADJ
ape-4871	274	43	work	work	NOUN
ape-4871	274	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	275	1	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	275	2	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	275	3	consequently	consequently	ADV
ape-4871	275	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	275	5	led	lead	VERB
ape-4871	275	6	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	275	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	275	8	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	275	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	275	10	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	275	11	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	275	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	275	13	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	275	14	indigenisation	indigenisation	NOUN
ape-4871	275	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	276	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	276	2	order	order	NOUN
ape-4871	276	3	to	to	PART
ape-4871	276	4	address	address	VERB
ape-4871	276	5	this	this	DET
ape-4871	276	6	global	global	ADJ
ape-4871	276	7	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-4871	276	8	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	276	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	276	10	sub	sub	NOUN
ape-4871	276	11	-	-	NOUN
ape-4871	276	12	region	region	NOUN
ape-4871	276	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	276	14	the	the	DET
ape-4871	276	15	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-4871	276	16	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	276	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	276	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	276	19	passed	pass	VERB
ape-4871	276	20	an	an	DET
ape-4871	276	21	act	act	NOUN
ape-4871	276	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	276	23	parliament	parliament	NOUN
ape-4871	276	24	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	276	25	august	august	PROPN
ape-4871	276	26	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	276	27	1963	1963	NUM
ape-4871	276	28	known	know	VERB
ape-4871	276	29	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	276	30	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	276	31	act	act	NOUN
ape-4871	276	32	to	to	PART
ape-4871	276	33	manage	manage	VERB
ape-4871	276	34	modern	modern	ADJ
ape-4871	276	35	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	276	36	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	276	37	line	line	NOUN
ape-4871	276	38	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	276	39	global	global	ADJ
ape-4871	276	40	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	276	41	regional	regional	ADJ
ape-4871	276	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	276	43	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	276	44	sub	sub	ADJ
ape-4871	276	45	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	276	46	regional	regional	ADJ
ape-4871	276	47	political	political	ADJ
ape-4871	276	48	alignments	alignment	NOUN
ape-4871	276	49	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	277	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	277	2	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	277	3	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	277	4	management	management	NOUN
ape-4871	277	5	commission	commission	PROPN
ape-4871	277	6	act	act	VERB
ape-4871	277	7	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	277	8	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	278	1	23	23	NUM
ape-4871	278	2	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	278	3	2007	2007	NUM
ape-4871	278	4	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	278	5	created	create	VERB
ape-4871	278	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	278	7	operated	operate	VERB
ape-4871	278	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	278	9	managed	manage	VERB
ape-4871	278	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	278	11	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	278	12	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	278	13	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	278	14	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	278	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	279	1	all	all	DET
ape-4871	279	2	these	these	DET
ape-4871	279	3	efforts	effort	NOUN
ape-4871	279	4	are	be	AUX
ape-4871	279	5	geared	gear	VERB
ape-4871	279	6	towards	towards	ADP
ape-4871	279	7	addressing	address	VERB
ape-4871	279	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	279	9	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	279	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	279	11	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	279	12	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	279	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	279	14	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	279	15	indigenisation	indigenisation	NOUN
ape-4871	279	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	280	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	280	2	advances	advance	VERB
ape-4871	280	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	280	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	280	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	280	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	280	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	280	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	281	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	281	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	281	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	281	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	281	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	281	8	16	16	NUM
ape-4871	281	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	281	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	281	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	281	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	281	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	281	14	references	references	PROPN
ape-4871	281	15	ajayi	ajayi	PROPN
ape-4871	281	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	17	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	281	18	f.	f.	PROPN
ape-4871	281	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	20	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	281	21	micheal	micheal	PROPN
ape-4871	281	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	23	c.	c.	PROPN
ape-4871	281	24	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	25	eds	eds	PROPN
ape-4871	281	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	27	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	29	history	history	NOUN
ape-4871	281	30	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	281	31	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	281	32	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	281	33	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	34	vol	vol	PROPN
ape-4871	281	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	36	ii	ii	PROPN
ape-4871	281	37	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	281	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	282	1	london	london	PROPN
ape-4871	282	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	282	3	longman	longman	PROPN
ape-4871	282	4	ltd	ltd	PROPN
ape-4871	282	5	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	282	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	282	7	1977	1977	NUM
ape-4871	282	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	283	1	amin	amin	PROPN
ape-4871	283	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	283	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-4871	283	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	283	5	1976	1976	NUM
ape-4871	283	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	283	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	284	1	unequal	unequal	ADJ
ape-4871	284	2	development	development	NOUN
ape-4871	284	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	284	4	an	an	DET
ape-4871	284	5	essay	essay	NOUN
ape-4871	284	6	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	284	7	social	social	ADJ
ape-4871	284	8	formations	formation	NOUN
ape-4871	284	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	284	10	peripheral	peripheral	ADJ
ape-4871	284	11	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
ape-4871	284	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	285	1	brian	brian	PROPN
ape-4871	285	2	pearce	pearce	PROPN
ape-4871	285	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	285	4	trans	trans	PROPN
ape-4871	285	5	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	285	6	monthly	monthly	ADJ
ape-4871	285	7	review	review	NOUN
ape-4871	285	8	press	press	NOUN
ape-4871	285	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	286	1	new	new	PROPN
ape-4871	286	2	york	york	PROPN
ape-4871	286	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	286	4	1976	1976	NUM
ape-4871	286	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	287	1	anene	anene	ADJ
ape-4871	287	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	287	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	287	4	c.	c.	PROPN
ape-4871	287	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	287	6	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	287	7	brown	brown	PROPN
ape-4871	287	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	287	9	g.	g.	PROPN
ape-4871	287	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	287	11	eds	eds	PROPN
ape-4871	287	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	287	13	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	287	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	288	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	288	2	1976	1976	NUM
ape-4871	288	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	288	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	289	1	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	289	2	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	289	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	289	4	nineteenth	nineteenth	ADJ
ape-4871	289	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	289	6	twentieth	twentieth	ADJ
ape-4871	289	7	century	century	NOUN
ape-4871	289	8	’s	’s	NOUN
ape-4871	289	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	290	1	ibadan	ibadan	PROPN
ape-4871	290	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	290	3	ibadan	ibadan	PROPN
ape-4871	290	4	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	290	5	press	press	NOUN
ape-4871	290	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	290	7	1976	1976	NUM
ape-4871	290	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	291	1	barbour	barbour	PROPN
ape-4871	291	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	291	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ape-4871	291	4	m.	m.	PROPN
ape-4871	291	5	a.	a.	PROPN
ape-4871	291	6	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	291	7	1961	1961	NUM
ape-4871	291	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	291	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	292	1	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ape-4871	292	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-4871	292	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	292	4	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ape-4871	292	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	292	6	inter	inter	ADJ
ape-4871	292	7	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	292	8	tropical	tropical	ADJ
ape-4871	292	9	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	292	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	293	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	293	2	k.	k.	PROPN
ape-4871	293	3	m.	m.	PROPN
ape-4871	293	4	barbour	barbour	PROPN
ape-4871	293	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	293	6	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	293	7	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-4871	293	8	m.	m.	PROPN
ape-4871	293	9	prothero	prothero	PROPN
ape-4871	293	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	293	11	eds	eds	PROPN
ape-4871	293	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	293	13	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	293	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	293	15	essays	essay	NOUN
ape-4871	293	16	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	293	17	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	293	18	population	population	PROPN
ape-4871	293	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	294	1	london	london	PROPN
ape-4871	294	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	294	3	rout	rout	NOUN
ape-4871	294	4	ledge	ledge	NOUN
ape-4871	294	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	294	6	kegan	kegan	PROPN
ape-4871	294	7	paul	paul	PROPN
ape-4871	294	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	294	9	1961	1961	NUM
ape-4871	294	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	295	1	byertlee	byertlee	PROPN
ape-4871	295	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	295	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-4871	295	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	295	5	tommy	tommy	PROPN
ape-4871	295	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	295	7	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	295	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	295	9	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	295	10	fatoo	fatoo	PROPN
ape-4871	295	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	295	12	h.	h.	PROPN
ape-4871	295	13	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	295	14	eds	eds	PROPN
ape-4871	295	15	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	295	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	296	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	296	2	1976	1976	NUM
ape-4871	296	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	296	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	297	1	rural	rural	ADJ
ape-4871	297	2	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	297	3	urban	urban	ADJ
ape-4871	297	4	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	297	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	297	6	sierra	sierra	PROPN
ape-4871	297	7	leone	leone	PROPN
ape-4871	297	8	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	297	9	determinants	determinant	NOUN
ape-4871	297	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	297	11	policy	policy	NOUN
ape-4871	297	12	implications	implication	NOUN
ape-4871	297	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	298	1	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	298	2	rural	rural	ADJ
ape-4871	298	3	employment	employment	NOUN
ape-4871	298	4	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-4871	298	5	no	no	DET
ape-4871	298	6	9	9	NUM
ape-4871	298	7	u.s.a	u.s.a	NOUN
ape-4871	298	8	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	298	9	michigan	michigan	PROPN
ape-4871	298	10	state	state	PROPN
ape-4871	298	11	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	298	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	298	13	1976	1976	NUM
ape-4871	298	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	299	1	cleave	cleave	PROPN
ape-4871	299	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	299	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	299	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	299	5	1970	1970	NUM
ape-4871	299	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	299	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	300	1	labour	labour	NOUN
ape-4871	300	2	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	300	3	the	the	DET
ape-4871	300	4	development	development	NOUN
ape-4871	300	5	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	300	6	african	african	ADJ
ape-4871	300	7	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ape-4871	300	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	301	1	stanford	stanford	PROPN
ape-4871	301	2	california	california	PROPN
ape-4871	301	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	301	4	stanford	stanford	PROPN
ape-4871	301	5	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	301	6	press	press	PROPN
ape-4871	301	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	301	8	1970	1970	NUM
ape-4871	301	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	302	1	crowder	crowder	PROPN
ape-4871	302	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	302	3	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-4871	302	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	302	5	1962	1962	NUM
ape-4871	302	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	302	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	303	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	303	2	story	story	NOUN
ape-4871	303	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	303	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	303	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	304	1	london	london	PROPN
ape-4871	304	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	304	3	faber	faber	NOUN
ape-4871	304	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	304	5	faber	faber	PROPN
ape-4871	304	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	304	7	1962	1962	NUM
ape-4871	304	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	305	1	gaude	gaude	NOUN
ape-4871	305	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	305	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	305	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	305	5	1976	1976	NUM
ape-4871	305	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	305	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	306	1	causes	cause	NOUN
ape-4871	306	2	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	306	3	repercussions	repercussion	NOUN
ape-4871	306	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	306	5	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	306	6	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	306	7	a	a	DET
ape-4871	306	8	critical	critical	ADJ
ape-4871	306	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-4871	306	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	307	1	geneva	geneva	NOUN
ape-4871	307	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	307	3	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	307	4	labour	labour	NOUN
ape-4871	307	5	organization	organization	NOUN
ape-4871	307	6	1976	1976	NUM
ape-4871	307	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	308	1	george	george	PROPN
ape-4871	308	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	308	3	p.	p.	PROPN
ape-4871	308	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	308	5	n.d	n.d	PROPN
ape-4871	308	6	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	308	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	308	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	309	1	types	type	NOUN
ape-4871	309	2	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	309	3	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	309	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	309	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	309	6	population	population	NOUN
ape-4871	309	7	according	accord	VERB
ape-4871	309	8	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	309	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	309	10	professional	professional	ADJ
ape-4871	309	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	309	12	social	social	ADJ
ape-4871	309	13	composition	composition	NOUN
ape-4871	309	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	309	15	migrants	migrant	NOUN
ape-4871	309	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	310	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	310	2	c.	c.	PROPN
ape-4871	310	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	310	4	jansen	jansen	PROPN
ape-4871	310	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	310	6	ed	ed	NOUN
ape-4871	310	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	310	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	310	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	310	10	readings	reading	NOUN
ape-4871	310	11	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	310	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	310	13	sociology	sociology	NOUN
ape-4871	310	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	310	15	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	310	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	311	1	pergamon	pergamon	PROPN
ape-4871	311	2	press	press	PROPN
ape-4871	311	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	312	1	harris	harris	PROPN
ape-4871	312	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	312	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	312	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	312	5	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	312	6	todaro	todaro	NOUN
ape-4871	312	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	312	8	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-4871	312	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	312	10	1970	1970	NUM
ape-4871	312	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	312	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	313	1	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	313	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	313	3	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN
ape-4871	313	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	313	5	development	development	NOUN
ape-4871	313	6	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	313	7	a	a	DET
ape-4871	313	8	tub	tub	ADJ
ape-4871	313	9	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	313	10	sector	sector	NOUN
ape-4871	313	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-4871	313	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	314	1	american	american	PROPN
ape-4871	314	2	economic	economic	PROPN
ape-4871	314	3	review	review	PROPN
ape-4871	314	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	314	5	1970	1970	NUM
ape-4871	314	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	315	1	labo	labo	PROPN
ape-4871	315	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	315	3	a.	a.	PROPN
ape-4871	315	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	315	5	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	315	6	afolayam	afolayam	PROPN
ape-4871	315	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	315	8	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	315	9	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	315	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	315	11	2000	2000	NUM
ape-4871	315	12	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	315	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	316	1	trans	trans	ADJ
ape-4871	316	2	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	316	3	border	border	ADJ
ape-4871	316	4	studies	study	NOUN
ape-4871	316	5	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	316	6	the	the	DET
ape-4871	316	7	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ape-4871	316	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	316	9	integration	integration	NOUN
ape-4871	316	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	316	11	immigrations	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	316	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	316	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	316	14	nigerianigeria	nigerianigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	316	15	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	316	16	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	316	17	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	316	18	a	a	DET
ape-4871	316	19	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	316	20	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	316	21	magamajibial	magamajibial	ADJ
ape-4871	316	22	/	/	SYM
ape-4871	316	23	transborder	transborder	NOUN
ape-4871	316	24	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	316	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	316	26	trading	trading	NOUN
ape-4871	316	27	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	316	28	a	a	DET
ape-4871	316	29	case	case	NOUN
ape-4871	316	30	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	316	31	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	316	32	borderland	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	316	33	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	316	34	south	south	PROPN
ape-4871	316	35	western	western	PROPN
ape-4871	316	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	317	1	ibadan	ibadan	PROPN
ape-4871	317	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	317	3	ifranigeria	ifranigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	317	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	317	5	2000	2000	NUM
ape-4871	317	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	318	1	https://doi.org/10.4000/books.ifra.964	https://doi.org/10.4000/books.ifra.964	PROPN
ape-4871	318	2	lee	lee	PROPN
ape-4871	318	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	318	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-4871	318	5	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-4871	318	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	318	7	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	318	8	jacksen	jacksen	PROPN
ape-4871	318	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	318	10	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	318	11	a.	a.	PROPN
ape-4871	318	12	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	318	13	eds	eds	PROPN
ape-4871	318	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	318	15	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	318	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	319	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	319	2	1969	1969	NUM
ape-4871	319	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	319	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	320	1	a	a	DET
ape-4871	320	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-4871	320	3	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	320	4	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	320	5	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	320	6	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	320	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	321	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ape-4871	321	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	321	3	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ape-4871	321	4	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	321	5	press	press	NOUN
ape-4871	321	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	322	1	mahdi	mahdi	PROPN
ape-4871	322	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	322	3	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	322	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	322	5	1987	1987	NUM
ape-4871	322	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	322	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	323	1	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	323	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	323	3	sedentarisation	sedentarisation	NOUN
ape-4871	323	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	323	5	urbanization	urbanization	NOUN
ape-4871	323	6	process	process	NOUN
ape-4871	323	7	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	323	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	323	9	central	central	ADJ
ape-4871	323	10	sudan	sudan	PROPN
ape-4871	323	11	before	before	ADP
ape-4871	323	12	c.	c.	PROPN
ape-4871	323	13	1800ad	1800ad	PROPN
ape-4871	323	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	324	1	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-4871	324	2	delivered	deliver	VERB
ape-4871	324	3	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	324	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	324	5	2nd	2nd	ADJ
ape-4871	324	6	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	324	7	workshop	workshop	NOUN
ape-4871	324	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	324	9	the	the	DET
ape-4871	324	10	societededemographiehistorique	societededemographiehistorique	ADJ
ape-4871	324	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	324	12	paris	paris	PROPN
ape-4871	324	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	324	14	france	france	PROPN
ape-4871	324	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	325	1	1987	1987	NUM
ape-4871	325	2	nyamnjoh	nyamnjoh	PROPN
ape-4871	325	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	325	4	f.	f.	PROPN
ape-4871	325	5	b.	b.	PROPN
ape-4871	325	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	325	7	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	325	8	konings	koning	NOUN
ape-4871	325	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	325	10	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-4871	325	11	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	325	12	2003	2003	NUM
ape-4871	325	13	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	325	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	326	1	negotiating	negotiate	VERB
ape-4871	326	2	an	an	DET
ape-4871	326	3	angle	angle	NOUN
ape-4871	326	4	phone	phone	NOUN
ape-4871	326	5	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	326	6	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	326	7	a	a	DET
ape-4871	326	8	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	326	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	326	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	326	11	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	326	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	326	13	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ape-4871	326	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	326	15	representation	representation	NOUN
ape-4871	326	16	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	326	17	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	326	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	327	1	leden	leden	PROPN
ape-4871	327	2	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	328	1	netherlands	netherlands	PROPN
ape-4871	328	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	328	3	brill	brill	NOUN
ape-4871	328	4	publishers	publisher	NOUN
ape-4871	328	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	328	6	2003	2003	NUM
ape-4871	328	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	329	1	zachariah	zachariah	PROPN
ape-4871	329	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	329	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ape-4871	329	4	c.	c.	PROPN
ape-4871	329	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	329	6	&	&	CCONJ
ape-4871	329	7	conde	conde	PROPN
ape-4871	329	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	329	9	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	329	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	329	11	1981	1981	NUM
ape-4871	329	12	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	329	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	330	1	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	330	2	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	330	3	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	330	4	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	330	5	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	330	6	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ape-4871	330	7	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ape-4871	330	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	331	1	london	london	PROPN
ape-4871	331	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	331	3	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ape-4871	331	4	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	331	5	press	press	NOUN
ape-4871	331	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	331	7	1981	1981	NUM
ape-4871	331	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	332	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	332	2	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	332	3	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	332	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	332	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	332	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	332	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	332	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	333	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	333	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	333	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	333	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	333	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	333	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	333	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	333	8	17	17	NUM
ape-4871	333	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	333	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	333	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	333	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	333	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	333	14	notes	note	NOUN
ape-4871	333	15	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	333	16	1	1	X
ape-4871	333	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	334	1	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	334	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	334	3	abimbola	abimbola	VERB
ape-4871	334	4	opanike	opanike	INTJ
ape-4871	334	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	334	6	aduloju	aduloju	PROPN
ape-4871	334	7	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	334	8	a	a	DET
ape-4871	334	9	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	334	10	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	334	11	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	334	12	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	334	13	free	free	ADJ
ape-4871	334	14	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	334	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	334	16	transborder	transborder	NOUN
ape-4871	334	17	security	security	NOUN
ape-4871	334	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	334	19	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	334	20	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	334	21	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	334	22	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	334	23	journal	journal	NOUN
ape-4871	334	24	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	334	25	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-4871	334	26	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	334	27	legal	legal	ADJ
ape-4871	334	28	sciences	science	NOUN
ape-4871	334	29	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4871	334	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	334	31	4	4	NUM
ape-4871	334	32	:	:	SYM
ape-4871	334	33	154	154	NUM
ape-4871	334	34	dei	dei	NOUN
ape-4871	334	35	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	334	36	10.4172/2169	10.4172/2169	NUM
ape-4871	334	37	0170.100154	0170.100154	NOUN
ape-4871	334	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	335	1	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	335	2	2	2	NUM
ape-4871	335	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	335	4	jacob	jacob	PROPN
ape-4871	335	5	festus	festus	PROPN
ape-4871	335	6	adeniyiajayi	adeniyiajayi	PROPN
ape-4871	335	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	335	8	micheal	micheal	PROPN
ape-4871	335	9	crowder	crowder	PROPN
ape-4871	335	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	335	11	eds	eds	PROPN
ape-4871	335	12	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	335	13	history	history	NOUN
ape-4871	335	14	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	335	15	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	335	16	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	335	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	336	1	vol.ii	vol.ii	PROPN
ape-4871	336	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	336	3	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	336	4	london	london	PROPN
ape-4871	336	5	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	336	6	longman	longman	PROPN
ape-4871	336	7	ltd	ltd	PROPN
ape-4871	336	8	1977	1977	NUM
ape-4871	336	9	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	336	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	336	11	40	40	NUM
ape-4871	336	12	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	336	13	50	50	NUM
ape-4871	336	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	337	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	337	2	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	337	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	338	1	michael	michael	PROPN
ape-4871	338	2	crowder	crowder	PROPN
ape-4871	338	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	338	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	338	5	story	story	NOUN
ape-4871	338	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	338	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	338	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	338	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	338	10	london	london	PROPN
ape-4871	338	11	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	338	12	faiber	faiber	PROPN
ape-4871	338	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	338	14	faiber	faiber	PROPN
ape-4871	338	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	338	16	1962	1962	NUM
ape-4871	338	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	338	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	338	19	90	90	NUM
ape-4871	338	20	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	338	21	95	95	NUM
ape-4871	338	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	339	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	339	2	4	4	NUM
ape-4871	339	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	339	4	bruce	bruce	PROPN
ape-4871	339	5	a.	a.	PROPN
ape-4871	339	6	connell	connell	PROPN
ape-4871	339	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	339	8	moribund	moribund	ADJ
ape-4871	339	9	languages	language	NOUN
ape-4871	339	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	339	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	339	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	339	13	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	339	14	borderland	borderland	PROPN
ape-4871	339	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	339	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	339	17	london	london	PROPN
ape-4871	339	18	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	339	19	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ape-4871	339	20	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	339	21	press	press	NOUN
ape-4871	339	22	1997	1997	NUM
ape-4871	339	23	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	339	24	a	a	DET
ape-4871	339	25	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-4871	339	26	presented	present	VERB
ape-4871	339	27	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	339	28	the	the	DET
ape-4871	339	29	symposium	symposium	NOUN
ape-4871	339	30	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	339	31	language	language	NOUN
ape-4871	339	32	endangerment	endangerment	NOUN
ape-4871	339	33	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	339	34	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	339	35	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	339	36	the	the	DET
ape-4871	339	37	institute	institute	PROPN
ape-4871	339	38	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	339	39	social	social	ADJ
ape-4871	339	40	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	339	41	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ape-4871	339	42	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	339	43	social	social	ADJ
ape-4871	339	44	anthropology	anthropology	NOUN
ape-4871	339	45	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ape-4871	339	46	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	339	47	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	339	48	july	july	PROPN
ape-4871	339	49	29	29	NUM
ape-4871	339	50	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	339	51	31	31	NUM
ape-4871	339	52	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	339	53	1997	1997	NUM
ape-4871	339	54	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	339	55	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	339	56	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	339	57	12	12	NUM
ape-4871	339	58	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	340	1	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	340	2	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	340	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	340	4	interview	interview	NOUN
ape-4871	340	5	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	340	6	malam	malam	PROPN
ape-4871	340	7	hamisu	hamisu	PROPN
ape-4871	340	8	usman	usman	PROPN
ape-4871	340	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	340	10	45	45	NUM
ape-4871	340	11	years	year	NOUN
ape-4871	340	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	340	13	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	340	14	officer	officer	NOUN
ape-4871	340	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	340	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	340	17	nis	nis	NOUN
ape-4871	340	18	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	340	19	mutumbiu	mutumbiu	NOUN
ape-4871	340	20	station	station	NOUN
ape-4871	340	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	340	22	gassol	gassol	PROPN
ape-4871	340	23	local	local	ADJ
ape-4871	340	24	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	340	25	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	340	26	taraba	taraba	PROPN
ape-4871	340	27	state	state	NOUN
ape-4871	340	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	340	29	20th	20th	ADJ
ape-4871	340	30	november	november	PROPN
ape-4871	340	31	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4871	340	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	341	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	341	2	6	6	NUM
ape-4871	341	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	342	1	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	342	2	further	further	ADJ
ape-4871	342	3	details	detail	NOUN
ape-4871	342	4	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	342	5	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	342	6	abimbola	abimbola	VERB
ape-4871	342	7	opanike	opanike	INTJ
ape-4871	342	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	342	9	aduloju	aduloju	PROPN
ape-4871	342	10	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	342	11	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	343	1	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	343	2	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	343	3	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	343	4	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	343	5	free	free	ADJ
ape-4871	343	6	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	343	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	343	8	trans	trans	ADJ
ape-4871	343	9	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	343	10	border	border	ADJ
ape-4871	343	11	security	security	NOUN
ape-4871	343	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	343	13	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	343	14	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	343	15	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	343	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	343	17	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	343	18	journal	journal	NOUN
ape-4871	343	19	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	343	20	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-4871	343	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	343	22	legal	legal	ADJ
ape-4871	343	23	sciences	science	NOUN
ape-4871	343	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	343	25	4:154	4:154	NUM
ape-4871	343	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	343	27	doi:10.4172/2169	doi:10.4172/2169	NOUN
ape-4871	343	28	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	343	29	0170.1000154	0170.1000154	NOUN
ape-4871	343	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	344	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	344	2	7	7	NUM
ape-4871	344	3	.	.	X
ape-4871	345	1	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	345	2	further	further	ADJ
ape-4871	345	3	details	detail	NOUN
ape-4871	345	4	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	345	5	dahomey	dahomey	ADJ
ape-4871	345	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	345	7	now	now	ADV
ape-4871	345	8	benin	benin	PROPN
ape-4871	345	9	republic	republic	NOUN
ape-4871	345	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	11	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	345	12	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	13	i.	i.	PROPN
ape-4871	345	14	a.	a.	PROPN
ape-4871	345	15	akinjogbin	akinjogbin	PROPN
ape-4871	345	16	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	17	dahomey	dahomey	PROPN
ape-4871	345	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	345	19	yoruba	yoruba	PROPN
ape-4871	345	20	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	345	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	345	22	nineteenth	nineteenth	ADJ
ape-4871	345	23	century	century	NOUN
ape-4871	345	24	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	25	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	345	26	joseph	joseph	PROPN
ape-4871	345	27	c.	c.	PROPN
ape-4871	345	28	anene	anene	PROPN
ape-4871	345	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	345	30	godfrey	godfrey	PROPN
ape-4871	345	31	n.	n.	PROPN
ape-4871	345	32	bown	bown	PROPN
ape-4871	345	33	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	34	eds	eds	PROPN
ape-4871	345	35	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	36	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	345	37	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	345	38	the	the	DET
ape-4871	345	39	nineteenth	nineteenth	NOUN
ape-4871	345	40	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	345	41	twenty	twenty	NUM
ape-4871	345	42	centuries	century	NOUN
ape-4871	345	43	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	44	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	45	ibadan	ibadan	PROPN
ape-4871	345	46	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	47	ibadan	ibadan	PROPN
ape-4871	345	48	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	345	49	press	press	NOUN
ape-4871	345	50	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	345	51	nelson	nelson	PROPN
ape-4871	345	52	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	53	1966	1966	NUM
ape-4871	345	54	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	55	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	345	56	255	255	NUM
ape-4871	345	57	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	345	58	269	269	NUM
ape-4871	345	59	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	346	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	346	2	8	8	NUM
ape-4871	346	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	347	1	samuel	samuel	PROPN
ape-4871	347	2	decalo	decalo	PROPN
ape-4871	347	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	347	4	historical	historical	ADJ
ape-4871	347	5	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN
ape-4871	347	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	347	7	chad	chad	PROPN
ape-4871	347	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	347	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	347	10	lanthan	lanthan	INTJ
ape-4871	347	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	347	12	maryland	maryland	PROPN
ape-4871	347	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	347	14	u.s.a	u.s.a	PROPN
ape-4871	347	15	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	347	16	scare	scare	VERB
ape-4871	347	17	crow	crow	PROPN
ape-4871	347	18	press	press	PROPN
ape-4871	347	19	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	347	20	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	347	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	347	22	1977	1977	NUM
ape-4871	347	23	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	347	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	348	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	348	2	9	9	NUM
ape-4871	348	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	349	1	piet	piet	ADJ
ape-4871	349	2	kunings	kuning	NOUN
ape-4871	349	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	349	4	francis	francis	PROPN
ape-4871	349	5	being	be	AUX
ape-4871	349	6	nyamnjoh	nyamnjoh	NOUN
ape-4871	349	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	349	8	negotiating	negotiate	VERB
ape-4871	349	9	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	349	10	anglophones	anglophone	NOUN
ape-4871	349	11	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	349	12	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	349	13	a	a	DET
ape-4871	349	14	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	349	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	349	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	349	17	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	349	18	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	349	19	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ape-4871	349	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	349	21	representation	representation	NOUN
ape-4871	349	22	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	349	23	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	349	24	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	349	25	leden	leden	PROPN
ape-4871	349	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	349	27	the	the	DET
ape-4871	349	28	netherland	netherland	NOUN
ape-4871	349	29	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	349	30	brill	brill	NOUN
ape-4871	349	31	publishers	publisher	NOUN
ape-4871	349	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	349	33	2003	2003	NUM
ape-4871	349	34	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	349	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	349	36	22	22	NUM
ape-4871	349	37	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	349	38	76	76	NUM
ape-4871	349	39	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	350	1	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	350	2	10	10	NUM
ape-4871	350	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	351	1	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	351	2	the	the	DET
ape-4871	351	3	cameroonnigeria	cameroonnigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	351	4	borderland	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	351	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	351	6	there	there	PRON
ape-4871	351	7	are	be	VERB
ape-4871	351	8	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ape-4871	351	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	351	10	mambilla	mambilla	NOUN
ape-4871	351	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	351	12	kaka	kaka	PROPN
ape-4871	351	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	351	14	panso	panso	PROPN
ape-4871	351	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	351	16	kambu	kambu	PROPN
ape-4871	351	17	found	find	VERB
ape-4871	351	18	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	351	19	both	both	DET
ape-4871	351	20	sides	side	NOUN
ape-4871	351	21	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	351	22	the	the	DET
ape-4871	351	23	countries	country	NOUN
ape-4871	351	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	352	1	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	352	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-4871	352	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	352	4	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	352	5	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	352	6	a	a	DET
ape-4871	352	7	source	source	NOUN
ape-4871	352	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	352	9	problem	problem	NOUN
ape-4871	352	10	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	352	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	352	12	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	352	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	352	14	question	question	NOUN
ape-4871	352	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	352	16	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	352	17	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	352	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	352	19	consequently	consequently	ADV
ape-4871	352	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	352	21	bring	bring	VERB
ape-4871	352	22	about	about	ADP
ape-4871	352	23	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	352	24	indigenisation	indigenisation	NOUN
ape-4871	352	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	353	1	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	353	2	further	further	ADJ
ape-4871	353	3	explanation	explanation	NOUN
ape-4871	353	4	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	353	5	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	353	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	353	7	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	353	8	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	353	9	land	land	NOUN
ape-4871	353	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	353	11	maritime	maritime	ADJ
ape-4871	353	12	boundary	boundary	NOUN
ape-4871	353	13	between	between	ADP
ape-4871	353	14	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	353	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	353	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	353	17	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	353	18	cameroon	cameroon	PROPN
ape-4871	353	19	versus	versus	ADP
ape-4871	353	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	353	21	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	353	22	equatorial	equatorial	ADJ
ape-4871	353	23	guinea	guinea	NOUN
ape-4871	353	24	intervening	intervene	VERB
ape-4871	353	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	353	26	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	353	27	court	court	NOUN
ape-4871	353	28	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	353	29	justice	justice	PROPN
ape-4871	353	30	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	353	31	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	353	32	www	www	PROPN
ape-4871	353	33	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	354	1	icj.org	icj.org	NUM
ape-4871	354	2	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	354	3	an	an	PRON
ape-4871	354	4	over	over	ADP
ape-4871	354	5	view	view	NOUN
ape-4871	354	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	354	7	the	the	DET
ape-4871	354	8	case	case	NOUN
ape-4871	354	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	355	1	this	this	DET
ape-4871	355	2	overview	overview	NOUN
ape-4871	355	3	is	be	AUX
ape-4871	355	4	provided	provide	VERB
ape-4871	355	5	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	355	6	information	information	NOUN
ape-4871	355	7	only	only	ADV
ape-4871	355	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	355	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	355	10	no	no	DET
ape-4871	355	11	way	way	NOUN
ape-4871	355	12	involves	involve	VERB
ape-4871	355	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	355	14	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
ape-4871	355	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	355	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	355	17	court	court	NOUN
ape-4871	355	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	356	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	356	2	11	11	NUM
ape-4871	356	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	1	abdullahilabo	abdullahilabo	PROPN
ape-4871	357	2	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	357	3	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	357	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	357	5	afolaya	afolaya	PROPN
ape-4871	357	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	7	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	8	trans	trans	ADJ
ape-4871	357	9	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	357	10	border	border	ADJ
ape-4871	357	11	studies	study	NOUN
ape-4871	357	12	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	357	14	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ape-4871	357	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	357	16	integration	integration	NOUN
ape-4871	357	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	357	18	immigrations	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	357	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	357	20	the	the	DET
ape-4871	357	21	nigeria	nigeria	NOUN
ape-4871	357	22	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	23	border	border	NOUN
ape-4871	357	24	area	area	NOUN
ape-4871	357	25	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	26	a	a	DET
ape-4871	357	27	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	357	28	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	357	29	magama	magama	NOUN
ape-4871	357	30	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	31	jibia	jibia	PROPN
ape-4871	357	32	/	/	SYM
ape-4871	357	33	trans	trans	ADJ
ape-4871	357	34	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	357	35	border	border	ADJ
ape-4871	357	36	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	357	37	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	357	38	trading	trading	NOUN
ape-4871	357	39	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	40	a	a	DET
ape-4871	357	41	case	case	NOUN
ape-4871	357	42	study	study	NOUN
ape-4871	357	43	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	357	44	borderland	borderland	NOUN
ape-4871	357	45	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	357	46	south	south	ADJ
ape-4871	357	47	western	western	PROPN
ape-4871	357	48	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	357	49	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	50	ibadan	ibadan	PROPN
ape-4871	357	51	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	52	ifra	ifra	PROPN
ape-4871	357	53	-	-	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	54	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	357	55	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	56	2000	2000	NUM
ape-4871	357	57	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	58	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	59	doi	doi	NOUN
ape-4871	357	60	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	357	61	10.4000	10.4000	NUM
ape-4871	357	62	/	/	SYM
ape-4871	357	63	books	book	NOUN
ape-4871	357	64	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	358	1	ifra.964	ifra.964	NOUN
ape-4871	358	2	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	358	3	111	111	NUM
ape-4871	358	4	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	358	5	96	96	NUM
ape-4871	358	6	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	358	7	12	12	NUM
ape-4871	358	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	359	1	jacob	jacob	PROPN
ape-4871	359	2	festus	festus	PROPN
ape-4871	359	3	adeniyiajayi	adeniyiajayi	PROPN
ape-4871	359	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	359	5	michealcrowder	michealcrowder	NOUN
ape-4871	359	6	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	359	7	eds	ed	NOUN
ape-4871	359	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	359	9	history	history	NOUN
ape-4871	359	10	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	359	11	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	359	12	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	359	13	……	……	PROPN
ape-4871	359	14	55	55	NUM
ape-4871	359	15	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	359	16	60	60	NUM
ape-4871	359	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	360	1	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	360	2	13	13	NUM
ape-4871	360	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	361	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	361	2	berlin	berlin	PROPN
ape-4871	361	3	conference	conference	NOUN
ape-4871	361	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	361	5	1884	1884	NUM
ape-4871	361	6	–	–	PUNCT
ape-4871	361	7	85	85	NUM
ape-4871	361	8	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	361	9	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	361	10	known	know	VERB
ape-4871	361	11	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	361	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	361	13	congo	congo	PROPN
ape-4871	361	14	conference	conference	NOUN
ape-4871	361	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	361	16	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	361	17	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	361	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	362	1	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	362	2	legitimizes	legitimize	VERB
ape-4871	362	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	362	4	regulated	regulate	VERB
ape-4871	362	5	european	european	ADJ
ape-4871	362	6	colonization	colonization	NOUN
ape-4871	362	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	362	8	trade	trade	NOUN
ape-4871	362	9	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	362	10	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	362	11	during	during	ADP
ape-4871	362	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	362	13	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	362	14	new	new	ADJ
ape-4871	362	15	imperialism	imperialism	NOUN
ape-4871	362	16	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	362	17	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	362	18	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	362	19	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	362	20	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	362	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	362	22	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	362	23	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	362	24	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	363	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	363	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	363	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	363	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	363	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	363	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	363	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	363	8	18	18	NUM
ape-4871	363	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	363	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	363	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	363	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	363	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	363	14	periods	period	NOUN
ape-4871	363	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	363	16	concluded	conclude	VERB
ape-4871	363	17	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	363	18	germany	germany	PROPN
ape-4871	363	19	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	363	20	sudden	sudden	ADJ
ape-4871	363	21	emergence	emergence	NOUN
ape-4871	363	22	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	363	23	imperial	imperial	ADJ
ape-4871	363	24	power	power	NOUN
ape-4871	363	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	364	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	364	2	conference	conference	NOUN
ape-4871	364	3	was	be	AUX
ape-4871	364	4	organized	organize	VERB
ape-4871	364	5	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	364	6	otto	otto	PROPN
ape-4871	364	7	von	von	PROPN
ape-4871	364	8	bismark	bismark	PROPN
ape-4871	364	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	364	10	first	first	ADJ
ape-4871	364	11	chancellor	chancellor	PROPN
ape-4871	364	12	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	364	13	germany	germany	PROPN
ape-4871	364	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	365	1	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	365	2	outcome	outcome	NOUN
ape-4871	365	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	365	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	365	5	general	general	ADJ
ape-4871	365	6	act	act	NOUN
ape-4871	365	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	365	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	365	9	berlin	berlin	PROPN
ape-4871	365	10	conference	conference	NOUN
ape-4871	365	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	365	12	can	can	AUX
ape-4871	365	13	be	be	AUX
ape-4871	365	14	seen	see	VERB
ape-4871	365	15	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	365	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	365	17	formalisation	formalisation	NOUN
ape-4871	365	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	365	19	legitimisation	legitimisation	NOUN
ape-4871	365	20	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	365	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	365	22	partition	partition	NOUN
ape-4871	365	23	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	365	24	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	365	25	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	365	26	european	european	ADJ
ape-4871	365	27	powers	power	NOUN
ape-4871	365	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	366	1	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	366	2	this	this	PRON
ape-4871	366	3	resulted	result	VERB
ape-4871	366	4	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	366	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	366	6	creation	creation	NOUN
ape-4871	366	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	366	8	artificial	artificial	ADJ
ape-4871	366	9	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ape-4871	366	10	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	366	11	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	366	12	negative	negative	ADJ
ape-4871	366	13	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ape-4871	366	14	like	like	ADP
ape-4871	366	15	the	the	DET
ape-4871	366	16	questions	question	NOUN
ape-4871	366	17	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	366	18	national	national	ADJ
ape-4871	366	19	identity	identity	NOUN
ape-4871	366	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	366	21	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-4871	366	22	indigenisation	indigenisation	NOUN
ape-4871	366	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	366	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	366	25	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ape-4871	366	26	disputes	dispute	NOUN
ape-4871	366	27	etcetera	etcetera	NOUN
ape-4871	366	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	367	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	367	2	14	14	NUM
ape-4871	367	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	368	1	interview	interview	NOUN
ape-4871	368	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	368	3	malam	malam	PROPN
ape-4871	368	4	junaidu	junaidu	PROPN
ape-4871	368	5	abubakar	abubakar	PROPN
ape-4871	368	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	368	7	55	55	NUM
ape-4871	368	8	years	year	NOUN
ape-4871	368	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	369	1	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	369	2	officer	officer	NOUN
ape-4871	369	3	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	369	4	nis	nis	NOUN
ape-4871	369	5	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	369	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	369	7	jalingo	jalingo	PROPN
ape-4871	369	8	13th	13th	PROPN
ape-4871	369	9	december	december	PROPN
ape-4871	369	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	369	11	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4871	369	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	370	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	370	2	15	15	NUM
ape-4871	370	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	371	1	michael	michael	PROPN
ape-4871	371	2	crowder	crowder	PROPN
ape-4871	371	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	371	4	the	the	DET
ape-4871	371	5	story	story	NOUN
ape-4871	371	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	371	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	371	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	371	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	371	10	london	london	PROPN
ape-4871	371	11	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	371	12	faiber	faiber	PROPN
ape-4871	371	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	371	14	faiber	faiber	PROPN
ape-4871	371	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	371	16	1962	1962	NUM
ape-4871	371	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	371	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	371	19	163	163	NUM
ape-4871	371	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	372	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	372	2	16	16	NUM
ape-4871	372	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	373	1	ibid	ibid	NOUN
ape-4871	373	2	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	374	1	64	64	NUM
ape-4871	374	2	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	374	3	17.abdullahi	17.abdullahi	NUM
ape-4871	374	4	mahdi	mahdi	PROPN
ape-4871	374	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	374	6	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	374	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	374	8	sedentarisation	sedentarisation	NOUN
ape-4871	374	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	374	10	urbanization	urbanization	NOUN
ape-4871	374	11	process	process	NOUN
ape-4871	374	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	374	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	374	14	central	central	ADJ
ape-4871	374	15	sudan	sudan	PROPN
ape-4871	374	16	before	before	ADP
ape-4871	374	17	c.	c.	PROPN
ape-4871	374	18	1800	1800	NUM
ape-4871	374	19	ad	ad	NOUN
ape-4871	374	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	375	1	a	a	DET
ape-4871	375	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-4871	375	3	delivered	deliver	VERB
ape-4871	375	4	at	at	ADP
ape-4871	375	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	375	6	second	second	ADJ
ape-4871	375	7	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	375	8	workshop	workshop	NOUN
ape-4871	375	9	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	375	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	375	11	societie	societie	NOUN
ape-4871	375	12	de	de	X
ape-4871	375	13	demographiehistorique	demographiehistorique	PROPN
ape-4871	375	14	paris	paris	PROPN
ape-4871	375	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	375	16	france	france	PROPN
ape-4871	375	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	375	18	1987	1987	NUM
ape-4871	375	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	375	20	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	375	21	–	–	SYM
ape-4871	375	22	8	8	NUM
ape-4871	375	23	.	.	X
ape-4871	375	24	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	375	25	18	18	NUM
ape-4871	375	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	1	george	george	PROPN
ape-4871	376	2	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	376	3	borjas	borjas	PROPN
ape-4871	376	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	5	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	6	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	376	7	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-4871	376	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	376	9	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	376	10	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	376	11	”	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	12	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	376	13	the	the	DET
ape-4871	376	14	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	376	15	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	376	16	review	review	NOUN
ape-4871	376	17	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	376	18	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	376	19	23	23	NUM
ape-4871	376	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	21	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	376	22	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	376	23	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	376	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	25	special	special	ADJ
ape-4871	376	26	silver	silver	ADJ
ape-4871	376	27	anniversary	anniversary	NOUN
ape-4871	376	28	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-4871	376	29	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	30	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	376	31	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	376	32	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	33	an	an	DET
ape-4871	376	34	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ape-4871	376	35	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	376	36	the	the	DET
ape-4871	376	37	90	90	NUM
ape-4871	376	38	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	376	39	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	40	autum	autum	NOUN
ape-4871	376	41	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	42	1989	1989	NUM
ape-4871	376	43	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	376	44	sage	sage	NOUN
ape-4871	376	45	publication	publication	NOUN
ape-4871	376	46	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	377	1	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	377	2	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	377	3	note	note	PROPN
ape-4871	377	4	19	19	NUM
ape-4871	377	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	378	1	everett	everett	PROPN
ape-4871	378	2	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-4871	378	3	lee	lee	PROPN
ape-4871	378	4	a	a	DET
ape-4871	378	5	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-4871	378	6	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	378	7	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	378	8	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	378	9	demography	demography	NOUN
ape-4871	378	10	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	378	11	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	379	1	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	379	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	379	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	379	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	379	5	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	379	6	durham	durham	PROPN
ape-4871	379	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	379	8	north	north	PROPN
ape-4871	379	9	carolina	carolina	PROPN
ape-4871	379	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	379	11	united	united	PROPN
ape-4871	379	12	state	state	PROPN
ape-4871	379	13	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	379	14	duke	duke	PROPN
ape-4871	379	15	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	379	16	press	press	PROPN
ape-4871	379	17	https://doi.org.102307/2546424	https://doi.org.102307/2546424	PROPN
ape-4871	379	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	380	1	duke	duke	PROPN
ape-4871	380	2	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	380	3	press	press	NOUN
ape-4871	380	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	380	5	1966	1966	NUM
ape-4871	380	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	380	7	47	47	NUM
ape-4871	380	8	–	–	SYM
ape-4871	380	9	57	57	NUM
ape-4871	380	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	380	11	11	11	NUM
ape-4871	380	12	pages	page	NOUN
ape-4871	380	13	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	381	1	https//doi.org/10.2307/2060063	https//doi.org/10.2307/2060063	NUM
ape-4871	381	2	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	381	3	20	20	NUM
ape-4871	381	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	382	1	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	382	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	382	3	department	department	NOUN
ape-4871	382	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	382	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	382	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	382	7	social	social	ADJ
ape-4871	382	8	affairs	affair	NOUN
ape-4871	382	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	382	10	united	united	PROPN
ape-4871	382	11	nations	nations	PROPN
ape-4871	382	12	international	international	PROPN
ape-4871	382	13	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	382	14	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4871	382	15	report	report	NOUN
ape-4871	382	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	383	1	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	383	2	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	383	3	united	united	PROPN
ape-4871	383	4	nations	nations	PROPN
ape-4871	383	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	384	1	https://creativecommions	https://creativecommion	NOUN
ape-4871	384	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	384	3	org	org	ADJ
ape-4871	384	4	/	/	SYM
ape-4871	384	5	license	license	NOUN
ape-4871	384	6	/	/	SYM
ape-4871	384	7	b//3.0	b//3.0	ADJ
ape-4871	384	8	/	/	SYM
ape-4871	384	9	igo/	igo/	PROPN
ape-4871	384	10	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	384	11	22	22	NUM
ape-4871	384	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	385	1	abdullahi	abdullahi	PROPN
ape-4871	385	2	mahdi	mahdi	PROPN
ape-4871	385	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	385	4	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	385	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	385	6	sedentarisation	sedentarisation	NOUN
ape-4871	385	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	385	8	urbanization	urbanization	NOUN
ape-4871	385	9	process	process	NOUN
ape-4871	385	10	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	385	11	the	the	DET
ape-4871	385	12	central	central	PROPN
ape-4871	385	13	sudan	sudan	PROPN
ape-4871	385	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	385	15	210	210	NUM
ape-4871	385	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	385	17	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	385	18	22	22	NUM
ape-4871	385	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	386	1	ibid	ibid	NOUN
ape-4871	386	2	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	387	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	387	2	23	23	NUM
ape-4871	387	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	388	1	zachariah	zachariah	PROPN
ape-4871	388	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	388	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ape-4871	388	4	c	c	PROPN
ape-4871	388	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	388	6	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-4871	388	7	conde	conde	PROPN
ape-4871	388	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	388	9	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	388	10	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	388	11	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	388	12	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	388	13	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	388	14	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ape-4871	388	15	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ape-4871	388	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	388	17	new	new	PROPN
ape-4871	388	18	york	york	PROPN
ape-4871	388	19	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	388	20	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ape-4871	388	21	university	university	PROPN
ape-4871	388	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	388	23	press	press	NOUN
ape-4871	388	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	388	25	1981	1981	NUM
ape-4871	388	26	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	388	27	20	20	NUM
ape-4871	388	28	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	388	29	35	35	NUM
ape-4871	388	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	389	1	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	389	2	24	24	NUM
ape-4871	389	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	390	1	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	390	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	390	3	department	department	NOUN
ape-4871	390	4	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	390	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-4871	390	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	390	7	social	social	ADJ
ape-4871	390	8	affairs	affair	NOUN
ape-4871	390	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	390	10	united	united	PROPN
ape-4871	390	11	nation	nation	PROPN
ape-4871	390	12	international	international	PROPN
ape-4871	390	13	migration	migration	NOUN
ape-4871	390	14	2019	2019	NUM
ape-4871	390	15	report	report	NOUN
ape-4871	390	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	391	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	391	2	25	25	NUM
ape-4871	391	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	392	1	george	george	PROPN
ape-4871	392	2	peter	peter	PROPN
ape-4871	392	3	murdock	murdock	PROPN
ape-4871	392	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	392	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	392	6	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	392	7	its	its	PRON
ape-4871	392	8	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	392	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	392	10	their	their	PRON
ape-4871	392	11	culture	culture	NOUN
ape-4871	392	12	history	history	NOUN
ape-4871	392	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	392	14	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	392	15	new	new	PROPN
ape-4871	392	16	york	york	PROPN
ape-4871	392	17	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	392	18	mc	mc	PROPN
ape-4871	392	19	graw	graw	PROPN
ape-4871	392	20	hill	hill	PROPN
ape-4871	392	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	392	22	1959	1959	NUM
ape-4871	392	23	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	392	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	392	25	40	40	NUM
ape-4871	392	26	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	392	27	45	45	NUM
ape-4871	392	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	393	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	393	2	26	26	NUM
ape-4871	393	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	1	k.m	k.m	PROPN
ape-4871	394	2	barbour	barbour	PROPN
ape-4871	394	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	4	a	a	DET
ape-4871	394	5	geographical	geographical	ADJ
ape-4871	394	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-4871	394	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	394	8	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ape-4871	394	9	inter	inter	ADJ
ape-4871	394	10	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	394	11	tropical	tropical	ADJ
ape-4871	394	12	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	394	13	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	394	14	k.m	k.m	PROPN
ape-4871	394	15	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	394	16	barbour	barbour	PROPN
ape-4871	394	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	394	18	r	r	PROPN
ape-4871	394	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	20	manshell	manshell	NOUN
ape-4871	394	21	prothero	prothero	NOUN
ape-4871	394	22	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	23	eds	ed	NOUN
ape-4871	394	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	26	essays	essay	NOUN
ape-4871	394	27	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	394	28	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	394	29	population	population	PROPN
ape-4871	394	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	31	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	32	london	london	PROPN
ape-4871	394	33	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	34	rutledge	rutledge	PROPN
ape-4871	394	35	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	394	36	paul	paul	PROPN
ape-4871	394	37	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	38	1961	1961	NUM
ape-4871	394	39	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	40	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	41	1	1	NUM
ape-4871	394	42	-	-	SYM
ape-4871	394	43	9	9	NUM
ape-4871	394	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	394	45	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	394	46	27	27	NUM
ape-4871	394	47	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	395	1	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	395	2	labour	labour	PROPN
ape-4871	395	3	organisation	organisation	NOUN
ape-4871	395	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	395	5	standing	standing	NOUN
ape-4871	395	6	orders	order	NOUN
ape-4871	395	7	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	395	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	395	9	international	international	ADJ
ape-4871	395	10	labour	labour	PROPN
ape-4871	395	11	conference	conference	NOUN
ape-4871	395	12	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	395	13	olo	olo	PROPN
ape-4871	395	14	geneva	geneva	PROPN
ape-4871	395	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	395	16	1986	1986	NUM
ape-4871	395	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	395	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	396	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	396	2	28	28	NUM
ape-4871	396	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	397	1	the	the	DET
ape-4871	397	2	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	397	3	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	397	4	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	397	5	the	the	DET
ape-4871	397	6	free	free	ADJ
ape-4871	397	7	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	397	8	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	397	9	people	people	NOUN
ape-4871	397	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	397	11	goods	good	NOUN
ape-4871	397	12	ensure	ensure	VERB
ape-4871	397	13	free	free	ADJ
ape-4871	397	14	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ape-4871	397	15	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	397	16	the	the	DET
ape-4871	397	17	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	397	18	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4871	397	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	397	20	i.e.	i.e.	X
ape-4871	397	21	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4871	397	22	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	397	23	member	member	NOUN
ape-4871	397	24	states	state	NOUN
ape-4871	397	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	398	1	however	however	ADV
ape-4871	398	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	398	3	it	it	PRON
ape-4871	398	4	also	also	ADV
ape-4871	398	5	allowed	allow	VERB
ape-4871	398	6	members	member	NOUN
ape-4871	398	7	state	state	VERB
ape-4871	398	8	the	the	DET
ape-4871	398	9	right	right	NOUN
ape-4871	398	10	to	to	PART
ape-4871	398	11	refuse	refuse	VERB
ape-4871	398	12	admission	admission	NOUN
ape-4871	398	13	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	398	14	any	any	DET
ape-4871	398	15	community	community	NOUN
ape-4871	398	16	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4871	398	17	who	who	PRON
ape-4871	398	18	were	be	AUX
ape-4871	398	19	inadmissible	inadmissible	ADJ
ape-4871	398	20	under	under	ADP
ape-4871	398	21	the	the	DET
ape-4871	398	22	member	member	NOUN
ape-4871	398	23	state	state	NOUN
ape-4871	398	24	’s	’s	PART
ape-4871	398	25	own	own	ADJ
ape-4871	398	26	domicide	domicide	NOUN
ape-4871	398	27	law	law	NOUN
ape-4871	398	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	399	1	for	for	SCONJ
ape-4871	399	2	further	further	ADJ
ape-4871	399	3	details	detail	NOUN
ape-4871	399	4	see	see	VERB
ape-4871	399	5	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	399	6	abimbola	abimbola	VERB
ape-4871	399	7	opanike	opanike	INTJ
ape-4871	399	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	399	9	aduloju	aduloju	PROPN
ape-4871	399	10	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	399	11	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	400	1	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	400	2	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ape-4871	400	3	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ape-4871	400	4	on	on	ADP
ape-4871	400	5	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-4871	400	6	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-4871	400	7	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	400	8	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-4871	400	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	400	10	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-4871	400	11	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-4871	400	12	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	401	1	5	5	NUM
ape-4871	401	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	401	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-4871	401	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-4871	401	5	3	3	NUM
ape-4871	401	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	401	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-4871	401	8	19	19	NUM
ape-4871	401	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-4871	401	10	by	by	ADP
ape-4871	401	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-4871	401	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-4871	401	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	401	14	free	free	PROPN
ape-4871	401	15	movement	movement	NOUN
ape-4871	401	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	401	17	trans	trans	ADJ
ape-4871	401	18	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	401	19	border	border	ADJ
ape-4871	401	20	security	security	NOUN
ape-4871	401	21	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	401	22	west	west	PROPN
ape-4871	401	23	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-4871	401	24	“	"	PUNCT
ape-4871	401	25	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	401	26	journal	journal	NOUN
ape-4871	401	27	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	401	28	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-4871	401	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	401	30	legal	legal	ADJ
ape-4871	401	31	sciences	science	NOUN
ape-4871	401	32	2015	2015	NUM
ape-4871	401	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	401	34	15	15	NUM
ape-4871	401	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	402	1	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	402	2	29	29	NUM
ape-4871	402	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	403	1	abdullahilabo	abdullahilabo	PROPN
ape-4871	403	2	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	403	3	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	403	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-4871	403	5	afolayan	afolayan	PROPN
ape-4871	403	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	403	7	trans	trans	ADJ
ape-4871	403	8	-	-	ADJ
ape-4871	403	9	border	border	ADJ
ape-4871	403	10	studies	study	NOUN
ape-4871	403	11	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	403	12	the	the	DET
ape-4871	403	13	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ape-4871	403	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	403	15	integration	integration	NOUN
ape-4871	403	16	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	403	17	immigrations	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	403	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	403	19	6	6	NUM
ape-4871	403	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	403	21	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	403	22	30	30	NUM
ape-4871	403	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	404	1	interview	interview	NOUN
ape-4871	404	2	mr	mr	PROPN
ape-4871	404	3	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	404	4	caleb	caleb	PROPN
ape-4871	404	5	yakubu	yakubu	PROPN
ape-4871	404	6	57	57	NUM
ape-4871	404	7	years	year	NOUN
ape-4871	404	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	404	9	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	404	10	officer	officer	NOUN
ape-4871	404	11	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	404	12	nis	nis	NOUN
ape-4871	404	13	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	404	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	404	15	jaling	jaling	NOUN
ape-4871	404	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	404	17	taraba	taraba	NOUN
ape-4871	404	18	state	state	NOUN
ape-4871	404	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	405	1	5th	5th	ADJ
ape-4871	405	2	january	january	PROPN
ape-4871	405	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	405	4	2020	2020	NUM
ape-4871	405	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	406	1	note	note	NOUN
ape-4871	406	2	31	31	NUM
ape-4871	406	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	407	1	kingsley	kingsley	PROPN
ape-4871	407	2	nwezeh	nwezeh	PROPN
ape-4871	407	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	407	4	i	i	PROPN
ape-4871	407	5	d	d	PROPN
ape-4871	407	6	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	407	7	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-4871	407	8	government	government	NOUN
ape-4871	407	9	targets	target	VERB
ape-4871	407	10	100	100	NUM
ape-4871	407	11	million	million	NUM
ape-4871	407	12	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-4871	407	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	407	14	this	this	DET
ape-4871	407	15	day	day	NOUN
ape-4871	407	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	407	17	lagos	lagos	NOUN
ape-4871	407	18	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	407	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	407	20	march	march	PROPN
ape-4871	407	21	28	28	NUM
ape-4871	407	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	407	23	2010	2010	NUM
ape-4871	407	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	408	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	408	2	32	32	NUM
ape-4871	408	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	409	1	onyebuchi	onyebuchi	PROPN
ape-4871	409	2	ezigbo	ezigbo	PROPN
ape-4871	409	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	409	4	governments	government	NOUN
ape-4871	409	5	signs	sign	NOUN
ape-4871	409	6	contract	contract	NOUN
ape-4871	409	7	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	409	8	new	new	ADJ
ape-4871	409	9	i	i	PROPN
ape-4871	409	10	d	d	PROPN
ape-4871	409	11	card	card	NOUN
ape-4871	409	12	projects	project	NOUN
ape-4871	409	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	410	1	this	this	DET
ape-4871	410	2	day	day	NOUN
ape-4871	410	3	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	410	4	lagos	lagos	NOUN
ape-4871	410	5	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	410	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	410	7	july	july	PROPN
ape-4871	410	8	26	26	NUM
ape-4871	410	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	410	10	2010	2010	NUM
ape-4871	410	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	411	1	note	note	VERB
ape-4871	411	2	33	33	NUM
ape-4871	411	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	412	1	immigration	immigration	PROPN
ape-4871	412	2	act	act	PROPN
ape-4871	412	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	412	4	an	an	DET
ape-4871	412	5	act	act	NOUN
ape-4871	412	6	to	to	PART
ape-4871	412	7	consolidate	consolidate	VERB
ape-4871	412	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	412	9	amend	amend	VERB
ape-4871	412	10	the	the	DET
ape-4871	412	11	law	law	NOUN
ape-4871	412	12	as	as	ADP
ape-4871	412	13	to	to	ADP
ape-4871	412	14	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	412	15	;	;	PUNCT
ape-4871	412	16	to	to	PART
ape-4871	412	17	control	control	VERB
ape-4871	412	18	in	in	ADP
ape-4871	412	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-4871	412	20	certain	certain	ADJ
ape-4871	412	21	persons	person	NOUN
ape-4871	412	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	412	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-4871	412	24	for	for	ADP
ape-4871	412	25	matters	matter	NOUN
ape-4871	412	26	connected	connect	VERB
ape-4871	412	27	there	there	ADV
ape-4871	412	28	with	with	ADP
ape-4871	412	29	(	(	PUNCT
ape-4871	412	30	1963	1963	NUM
ape-4871	412	31	no	no	NOUN
ape-4871	412	32	.	.	PROPN
ape-4871	412	33	6	6	NUM
ape-4871	412	34	l.	l.	PROPN
ape-4871	412	35	n.	n.	PROPN
ape-4871	412	36	91	91	NUM
ape-4871	412	37	of	of	ADP
ape-4871	412	38	1963	1963	NUM
ape-4871	412	39	)	)	PUNCT
ape-4871	412	40	.	.	PUNCT
ape-4871	413	1	interview	interview	NOUN
ape-4871	413	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-4871	413	3	bappa	bappa	PROPN
ape-4871	413	4	ahamad	ahamad	PROPN
ape-4871	413	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	413	6	54	54	NUM
ape-4871	413	7	years	year	NOUN
ape-4871	413	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	413	9	immigration	immigration	NOUN
ape-4871	413	10	officer	officer	NOUN
ape-4871	413	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	413	12	jalingo	jalingo	PROPN
ape-4871	413	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	413	14	taraba	taraba	NOUN
ape-4871	413	15	state	state	PROPN
ape-4871	413	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	413	17	15th	15th	ADJ
ape-4871	413	18	january	january	PROPN
ape-4871	413	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-4871	413	20	2020	2020	NUM
ape-4871	413	21	.	.	PUNCT