id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ape-5070	1	1	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	1	2	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	1	3	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	1	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	1	5	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	1	6	issn	issn	VERB
ape-5070	1	7	2576	2576	NUM
ape-5070	1	8	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	1	9	1382	1382	NUM
ape-5070	1	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	1	11	print	print	NOUN
ape-5070	1	12	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	1	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ape-5070	1	14	2576	2576	NUM
ape-5070	1	15	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	1	16	1390	1390	NUM
ape-5070	1	17	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	1	18	online	online	ADJ
ape-5070	1	19	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	1	20	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	1	21	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	2	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	2	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	2	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	2	8	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	2	9	78	78	NUM
ape-5070	2	10	original	original	ADJ
ape-5070	2	11	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-5070	2	12	ritual	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	2	13	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	2	14	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	2	15	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	2	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	17	growing	grow	VERB
ape-5070	2	18	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	2	19	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ape-5070	2	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	2	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	2	22	paradox	paradox	NOUN
ape-5070	2	23	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	2	24	contagious	contagious	ADJ
ape-5070	2	25	skepticism	skepticism	NOUN
ape-5070	2	26	mike	mike	PROPN
ape-5070	2	27	omilusi	omilusi	PROPN
ape-5070	2	28	1	1	NUM
ape-5070	2	29	*	*	SYM
ape-5070	2	30	1	1	NUM
ape-5070	2	31	department	department	NOUN
ape-5070	2	32	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	2	33	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	2	34	science	science	NOUN
ape-5070	2	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	36	ekiti	ekiti	PROPN
ape-5070	2	37	state	state	PROPN
ape-5070	2	38	university	university	PROPN
ape-5070	2	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	40	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	2	41	*	*	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	42	mike	mike	PROPN
ape-5070	2	43	omilusi	omilusi	PROPN
ape-5070	2	44	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	45	department	department	NOUN
ape-5070	2	46	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	2	47	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	2	48	science	science	NOUN
ape-5070	2	49	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	50	ekiti	ekiti	PROPN
ape-5070	2	51	state	state	PROPN
ape-5070	2	52	university	university	PROPN
ape-5070	2	53	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	54	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	2	55	received	receive	VERB
ape-5070	2	56	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	57	july	july	PROPN
ape-5070	2	58	20	20	NUM
ape-5070	2	59	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	60	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	2	61	accepted	accept	VERB
ape-5070	2	62	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	63	august	august	PROPN
ape-5070	2	64	21	21	NUM
ape-5070	2	65	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	66	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	2	67	online	online	ADV
ape-5070	2	68	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	2	69	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	70	august	august	PROPN
ape-5070	2	71	23	23	NUM
ape-5070	2	72	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	2	73	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	2	74	doi:10.22158	doi:10.22158	NOUN
ape-5070	2	75	/	/	SYM
ape-5070	2	76	ape.v5n3p78	ape.v5n3p78	PROPN
ape-5070	2	77	url	url	PROPN
ape-5070	2	78	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	3	1	http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n3p78	http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n3p78	NOUN
ape-5070	3	2	abstract	abstract	NOUN
ape-5070	3	3	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	3	4	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	3	5	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	3	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	3	7	pillars	pillar	NOUN
ape-5070	3	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	3	9	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	3	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	3	11	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	3	12	has	have	VERB
ape-5070	3	13	an	an	DET
ape-5070	3	14	inescapably	inescapably	ADV
ape-5070	3	15	ritual	ritual	ADJ
ape-5070	3	16	dimension	dimension	NOUN
ape-5070	3	17	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	3	18	periodically	periodically	ADV
ape-5070	3	19	attracts	attract	VERB
ape-5070	3	20	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	3	21	actors	actor	NOUN
ape-5070	3	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	3	23	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	3	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	3	25	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	3	26	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	3	27	become	become	VERB
ape-5070	3	28	a	a	DET
ape-5070	3	29	barometer	barometer	NOUN
ape-5070	3	30	to	to	PART
ape-5070	3	31	measure	measure	VERB
ape-5070	3	32	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	3	33	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ape-5070	3	34	across	across	ADP
ape-5070	3	35	regions	region	NOUN
ape-5070	3	36	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	3	37	the	the	DET
ape-5070	3	38	world	world	NOUN
ape-5070	3	39	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	4	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	4	2	has	have	VERB
ape-5070	4	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	4	4	after	after	ADP
ape-5070	4	5	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	4	6	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	4	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	4	8	uninterrupted	uninterrupted	ADJ
ape-5070	4	9	civilian	civilian	ADJ
ape-5070	4	10	dispensation	dispensation	NOUN
ape-5070	4	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	4	12	keyed	key	VERB
ape-5070	4	13	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	4	14	this	this	DET
ape-5070	4	15	global	global	ADJ
ape-5070	4	16	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-5070	4	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	5	1	although	although	SCONJ
ape-5070	5	2	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	5	3	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	5	4	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	5	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	5	6	world	world	NOUN
ape-5070	5	7	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	5	8	predominant	predominant	ADJ
ape-5070	5	9	form	form	NOUN
ape-5070	5	10	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	5	11	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	5	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	5	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	5	14	last	last	ADJ
ape-5070	5	15	five	five	NUM
ape-5070	5	16	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	5	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	5	18	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	5	19	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	5	20	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	5	21	broad	broad	ADJ
ape-5070	5	22	global	global	ADJ
ape-5070	5	23	progress	progress	NOUN
ape-5070	5	24	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	5	25	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	5	26	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ape-5070	5	27	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	5	28	this	this	DET
ape-5070	5	29	type	type	NOUN
ape-5070	5	30	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	5	31	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	5	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	5	33	conducting	conduct	VERB
ape-5070	5	34	credible	credible	ADJ
ape-5070	5	35	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	5	36	transparent	transparent	ADJ
ape-5070	5	37	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	5	38	still	still	ADV
ape-5070	5	39	remains	remain	VERB
ape-5070	5	40	a	a	DET
ape-5070	5	41	herculean	herculean	ADJ
ape-5070	5	42	task	task	NOUN
ape-5070	5	43	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	5	44	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	5	45	african	african	ADJ
ape-5070	5	46	countries	country	NOUN
ape-5070	5	47	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	6	1	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	6	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ape-5070	6	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	6	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	6	5	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	6	6	troubled	troubled	ADJ
ape-5070	6	7	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	6	8	continually	continually	ADV
ape-5070	6	9	reflect	reflect	VERB
ape-5070	6	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	6	11	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	6	12	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	6	13	lingering	linger	VERB
ape-5070	6	14	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	6	15	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	6	16	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	6	17	die	die	VERB
ape-5070	6	18	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	6	19	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	6	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	6	21	poor	poor	ADJ
ape-5070	6	22	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	6	23	management	management	NOUN
ape-5070	6	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	6	25	institutionalised	institutionalise	VERB
ape-5070	6	26	impunity	impunity	NOUN
ape-5070	6	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	6	28	defying	defy	VERB
ape-5070	6	29	attempts	attempt	NOUN
ape-5070	6	30	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	6	31	entrenching	entrench	VERB
ape-5070	6	32	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	6	33	norms	norm	NOUN
ape-5070	6	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	7	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ape-5070	7	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	7	3	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	7	4	is	be	VERB
ape-5070	7	5	a	a	DET
ape-5070	7	6	seeming	seeming	ADJ
ape-5070	7	7	shift	shift	NOUN
ape-5070	7	8	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	7	9	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	7	10	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	7	11	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	7	12	outright	outright	ADJ
ape-5070	7	13	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	7	14	boycott	boycott	NOUN
ape-5070	7	15	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	7	16	the	the	DET
ape-5070	7	17	countrythe	countrythe	ADJ
ape-5070	7	18	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	7	19	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	7	20	recording	recording	NOUN
ape-5070	7	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	7	22	lowest	low	ADJ
ape-5070	7	23	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	7	24	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	7	25	35	35	NUM
ape-5070	7	26	per	per	ADP
ape-5070	7	27	cent	cent	NOUN
ape-5070	7	28	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	7	29	since	since	SCONJ
ape-5070	7	30	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	7	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	8	1	this	this	DET
ape-5070	8	2	decline	decline	NOUN
ape-5070	8	3	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	8	4	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	8	5	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ape-5070	8	6	to	to	PART
ape-5070	8	7	explain	explain	VERB
ape-5070	8	8	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	8	9	the	the	DET
ape-5070	8	10	context	context	NOUN
ape-5070	8	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	8	12	an	an	DET
ape-5070	8	13	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	8	14	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	8	15	seemingly	seemingly	ADV
ape-5070	8	16	better	well	ADJ
ape-5070	8	17	pre	pre	ADJ
ape-5070	8	18	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	8	19	election	election	ADJ
ape-5070	8	20	activism	activism	NOUN
ape-5070	8	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	8	22	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	8	23	engagements	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	8	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	9	1	hence	hence	ADV
ape-5070	9	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	9	3	why	why	SCONJ
ape-5070	9	4	large	large	ADJ
ape-5070	9	5	numbers	number	NOUN
ape-5070	9	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	9	7	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	9	8	continually	continually	ADV
ape-5070	9	9	refuse	refuse	VERB
ape-5070	9	10	to	to	PART
ape-5070	9	11	participate	participate	VERB
ape-5070	9	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	9	13	this	this	DET
ape-5070	9	14	most	most	ADV
ape-5070	9	15	basic	basic	ADJ
ape-5070	9	16	civic	civic	ADJ
ape-5070	9	17	exercise	exercise	NOUN
ape-5070	9	18	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	9	19	naturally	naturally	ADV
ape-5070	9	20	provoke	provoke	VERB
ape-5070	9	21	agitation	agitation	NOUN
ape-5070	9	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	10	1	employing	employ	VERB
ape-5070	10	2	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ape-5070	10	3	sources	source	NOUN
ape-5070	10	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	10	5	data	datum	NOUN
ape-5070	10	6	collection	collection	NOUN
ape-5070	10	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	10	8	this	this	DET
ape-5070	10	9	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-5070	10	10	establishes	establish	VERB
ape-5070	10	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	10	12	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ape-5070	10	13	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	10	14	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	10	15	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	10	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	10	17	disenchantment	disenchantment	NOUN
ape-5070	10	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	10	19	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	10	20	underpinning	underpinning	ADJ
ape-5070	10	21	variables	variable	NOUN
ape-5070	10	22	associated	associate	VERB
ape-5070	10	23	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	10	24	the	the	DET
ape-5070	10	25	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	10	26	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	10	27	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	10	28	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	10	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	11	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	11	2	foregrounds	foreground	VERB
ape-5070	11	3	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	11	4	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	11	5	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	11	6	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	11	7	remains	remain	VERB
ape-5070	11	8	a	a	DET
ape-5070	11	9	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ
ape-5070	11	10	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ape-5070	11	11	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	11	12	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	11	13	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	11	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	11	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	11	16	imperativeness	imperativeness	NOUN
ape-5070	11	17	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	11	18	post	post	ADJ
ape-5070	11	19	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	11	20	election	election	ADJ
ape-5070	11	21	audit	audit	NOUN
ape-5070	11	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	12	1	keywords	keyword	VERB
ape-5070	12	2	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	12	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	12	4	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	12	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	12	6	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	12	7	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	12	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	12	9	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	12	10	activism	activism	NOUN
ape-5070	12	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	12	12	contagious	contagious	ADJ
ape-5070	12	13	scepticism	scepticism	NOUN
ape-5070	12	14	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	12	15	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	12	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	12	17	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	12	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	12	19	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	12	20	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	12	21	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	13	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	13	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	13	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	13	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	13	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	13	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	13	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	13	8	79	79	NUM
ape-5070	13	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	13	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	13	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	13	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	13	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	13	14	1	1	NUM
ape-5070	13	15	.	.	X
ape-5070	14	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ape-5070	14	2	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	14	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	14	4	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	14	5	general	general	ADJ
ape-5070	14	6	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	14	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	14	8	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	14	9	55	55	NUM
ape-5070	14	10	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	14	11	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	14	12	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	14	13	did	do	AUX
ape-5070	14	14	not	not	PART
ape-5070	14	15	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	14	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	14	17	marking	mark	VERB
ape-5070	14	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	14	19	lowest	low	ADJ
ape-5070	14	20	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	14	21	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	14	22	since	since	SCONJ
ape-5070	14	23	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	14	24	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	14	25	way	way	NOUN
ape-5070	14	26	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	14	27	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ape-5070	14	28	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	14	29	actual	actual	ADJ
ape-5070	14	30	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	14	31	against	against	ADP
ape-5070	14	32	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	14	33	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	14	34	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	14	35	each	each	DET
ape-5070	14	36	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	14	37	cycle	cycle	NOUN
ape-5070	14	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	15	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	15	2	all	all	PRON
ape-5070	15	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	15	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	15	5	lives	life	NOUN
ape-5070	15	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	15	7	approximately	approximately	ADV
ape-5070	15	8	200	200	NUM
ape-5070	15	9	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	15	10	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	15	11	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	15	12	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	15	13	critically	critically	ADV
ape-5070	15	14	affected	affect	VERB
ape-5070	15	15	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	15	16	the	the	DET
ape-5070	15	17	choices	choice	NOUN
ape-5070	15	18	made	make	VERB
ape-5070	15	19	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	15	20	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	15	21	28	28	NUM
ape-5070	15	22	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	15	23	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	15	24	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	15	25	indicating	indicate	VERB
ape-5070	15	26	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	15	27	this	this	DET
ape-5070	15	28	category	category	NOUN
ape-5070	15	29	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	15	30	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	15	31	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	15	32	not	not	PART
ape-5070	15	33	substantially	substantially	ADV
ape-5070	15	34	representative	representative	ADJ
ape-5070	15	35	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	15	36	the	the	DET
ape-5070	15	37	broader	broad	ADJ
ape-5070	15	38	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	15	39	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	15	40	eligible	eligible	ADJ
ape-5070	15	41	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	15	42	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	15	43	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	16	1	yet	yet	ADV
ape-5070	16	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	16	3	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	16	4	than	than	ADP
ape-5070	16	5	ever	ever	ADV
ape-5070	16	6	before	before	ADV
ape-5070	16	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	16	8	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	16	9	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	16	10	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-5070	16	11	society	society	NOUN
ape-5070	16	12	groups	group	NOUN
ape-5070	16	13	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	16	14	embarking	embark	VERB
ape-5070	16	15	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	16	16	aggressive	aggressive	ADJ
ape-5070	16	17	civic	civic	ADJ
ape-5070	16	18	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	16	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	16	20	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	16	21	mobilisation	mobilisation	NOUN
ape-5070	16	22	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	16	23	the	the	DET
ape-5070	16	24	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	16	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	17	1	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	17	2	young	young	ADJ
ape-5070	17	3	persons	person	NOUN
ape-5070	17	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	17	5	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	17	6	appear	appear	VERB
ape-5070	17	7	to	to	PART
ape-5070	17	8	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	17	9	keyed	key	VERB
ape-5070	17	10	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	17	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	17	12	momentum	momentum	NOUN
ape-5070	17	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	17	14	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	17	15	daily	daily	ADV
ape-5070	17	16	exhibiting	exhibit	VERB
ape-5070	17	17	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	17	18	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	17	19	consciousness	consciousness	NOUN
ape-5070	17	20	through	through	ADP
ape-5070	17	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	17	22	new	new	ADJ
ape-5070	17	23	media	medium	NOUN
ape-5070	17	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	18	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	18	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	18	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	18	4	modern	modern	ADJ
ape-5070	18	5	technology	technology	NOUN
ape-5070	18	6	seems	seem	VERB
ape-5070	18	7	to	to	PART
ape-5070	18	8	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	18	9	a	a	DET
ape-5070	18	10	new	new	ADJ
ape-5070	18	11	incentive	incentive	NOUN
ape-5070	18	12	to	to	PART
ape-5070	18	13	broaden	broaden	VERB
ape-5070	18	14	the	the	DET
ape-5070	18	15	scope	scope	NOUN
ape-5070	18	16	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	18	17	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	18	18	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	18	19	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	18	20	the	the	DET
ape-5070	18	21	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	18	22	youth	youth	NOUN
ape-5070	18	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	19	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	19	2	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	19	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	19	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	19	5	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	19	6	meetings	meeting	NOUN
ape-5070	19	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	19	8	rallies	rally	NOUN
ape-5070	19	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	19	10	conventions	convention	NOUN
ape-5070	19	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	19	12	this	this	DET
ape-5070	19	13	category	category	NOUN
ape-5070	19	14	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	19	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	19	16	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	19	17	dominates	dominate	VERB
ape-5070	19	18	attendance	attendance	NOUN
ape-5070	19	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	20	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ape-5070	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	20	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	20	4	religious	religious	ADJ
ape-5070	20	5	space	space	NOUN
ape-5070	20	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	20	7	across	across	ADP
ape-5070	20	8	all	all	DET
ape-5070	20	9	divides	divide	NOUN
ape-5070	20	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	20	11	dispenses	dispense	VERB
ape-5070	20	12	messages	message	NOUN
ape-5070	20	13	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	20	14	citizen	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	20	15	activism	activism	NOUN
ape-5070	20	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	20	17	value	value	NOUN
ape-5070	20	18	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	20	19	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	20	20	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	20	21	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	20	22	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	20	23	reason	reason	NOUN
ape-5070	20	24	candidates	candidate	NOUN
ape-5070	20	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	20	26	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	20	27	seek	seek	VERB
ape-5070	20	28	support	support	NOUN
ape-5070	20	29	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	20	30	them	they	PRON
ape-5070	20	31	during	during	ADP
ape-5070	20	32	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	20	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	21	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	21	2	hype	hype	NOUN
ape-5070	21	3	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	21	4	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	21	5	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	21	6	timetable	timetable	NOUN
ape-5070	21	7	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	21	8	received	receive	VERB
ape-5070	21	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	21	10	discussed	discuss	VERB
ape-5070	21	11	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	21	12	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	21	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	21	14	senior	senior	ADJ
ape-5070	21	15	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	21	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	21	17	artisans	artisan	NOUN
ape-5070	21	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	21	19	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-5070	21	20	servants	servant	NOUN
ape-5070	21	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	21	22	businessmen	businessman	NOUN
ape-5070	21	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	21	24	women	woman	NOUN
ape-5070	21	25	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	21	26	attests	attest	VERB
ape-5070	21	27	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	21	28	the	the	DET
ape-5070	21	29	new	new	ADJ
ape-5070	21	30	willingness	willingness	NOUN
ape-5070	21	31	being	be	AUX
ape-5070	21	32	generated	generate	VERB
ape-5070	21	33	about	about	ADP
ape-5070	21	34	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	21	35	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	21	36	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	21	37	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	21	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	22	1	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	22	2	recent	recent	ADJ
ape-5070	22	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	22	4	my	my	PRON
ape-5070	22	5	field	field	NOUN
ape-5070	22	6	observations	observation	NOUN
ape-5070	22	7	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	22	8	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	22	9	days	day	NOUN
ape-5070	22	10	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	22	11	reveal	reveal	VERB
ape-5070	22	12	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	22	13	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	22	14	trading	trading	NOUN
ape-5070	22	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
ape-5070	22	16	draws	draw	VERB
ape-5070	22	17	some	some	PRON
ape-5070	22	18	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	22	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	22	20	ordinarily	ordinarily	ADV
ape-5070	22	21	uninterested	uninterested	ADJ
ape-5070	22	22	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	22	23	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	22	24	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	22	25	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	22	26	cocoons	cocoon	NOUN
ape-5070	22	27	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	22	28	an	an	DET
ape-5070	22	29	incredible	incredible	ADJ
ape-5070	22	30	mobilisation	mobilisation	NOUN
ape-5070	22	31	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ape-5070	22	32	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	22	33	sort	sort	NOUN
ape-5070	22	34	!	!	PUNCT
ape-5070	23	1	yet	yet	ADV
ape-5070	23	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	23	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	23	4	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	23	5	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	23	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	23	7	polling	polling	NOUN
ape-5070	23	8	centres	centre	NOUN
ape-5070	23	9	after	after	ADP
ape-5070	23	10	accreditation	accreditation	NOUN
ape-5070	23	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	23	12	an	an	DET
ape-5070	23	13	average	average	NOUN
ape-5070	23	14	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	23	15	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	23	16	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	23	17	third	third	NOUN
ape-5070	23	18	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	23	19	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	23	20	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	23	21	stays	stay	VERB
ape-5070	23	22	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	23	23	home	home	NOUN
ape-5070	23	24	expecting	expect	VERB
ape-5070	23	25	results	result	NOUN
ape-5070	23	26	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	23	27	an	an	DET
ape-5070	23	28	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	23	29	exercise	exercise	NOUN
ape-5070	23	30	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	23	31	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	23	32	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	23	33	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	23	34	not	not	PART
ape-5070	23	35	participants	participant	NOUN
ape-5070	23	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	24	1	surely	surely	ADV
ape-5070	24	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	24	3	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	24	4	are	be	VERB
ape-5070	24	5	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	24	6	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	24	7	precipitating	precipitate	VERB
ape-5070	24	8	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	24	9	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	24	10	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	24	11	an	an	DET
ape-5070	24	12	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	24	13	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	24	14	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	24	15	non	non	ADJ
ape-5070	24	16	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	24	17	self	self	NOUN
ape-5070	24	18	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	24	19	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	24	20	individuals	individual	NOUN
ape-5070	24	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	24	22	mistrust	mistrust	NOUN
ape-5070	24	23	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	24	24	the	the	DET
ape-5070	24	25	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	24	26	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	24	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	24	28	ease	ease	NOUN
ape-5070	24	29	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	24	30	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	24	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	24	32	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-5070	24	33	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	24	34	credibility	credibility	NOUN
ape-5070	24	35	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	24	36	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	24	37	promises	promise	NOUN
ape-5070	24	38	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	24	39	disenchantment	disenchantment	NOUN
ape-5070	24	40	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	24	41	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ape-5070	24	42	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	24	43	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	24	44	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	24	45	suppression	suppression	NOUN
ape-5070	24	46	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	24	47	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ape-5070	24	48	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	25	1	obviously	obviously	ADV
ape-5070	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	25	3	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	25	4	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	25	5	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	25	6	an	an	DET
ape-5070	25	7	indictment	indictment	NOUN
ape-5070	25	8	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	25	9	the	the	DET
ape-5070	25	10	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ape-5070	25	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	25	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	25	13	current	current	ADJ
ape-5070	25	14	system	system	NOUN
ape-5070	25	15	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	25	16	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	25	17	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ape-5070	25	18	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	25	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	25	20	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	25	21	ought	ought	AUX
ape-5070	25	22	to	to	PART
ape-5070	25	23	generate	generate	VERB
ape-5070	25	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	26	1	bearing	bear	VERB
ape-5070	26	2	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	26	3	mind	mind	NOUN
ape-5070	26	4	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-5070	26	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	26	6	that	that	DET
ape-5070	26	7	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	26	8	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	26	9	a	a	DET
ape-5070	26	10	key	key	ADJ
ape-5070	26	11	factor	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	26	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	26	13	legitimizing	legitimize	VERB
ape-5070	26	14	governments	government	NOUN
ape-5070	26	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	26	16	the	the	DET
ape-5070	26	17	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	26	18	reason	reason	NOUN
ape-5070	26	19	non	non	NOUN
ape-5070	26	20	-	-	NOUN
ape-5070	26	21	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	26	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	26	23	especially	especially	ADV
ape-5070	26	24	those	those	PRON
ape-5070	26	25	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	26	26	a	a	DET
ape-5070	26	27	deep	deep	ADV
ape-5070	26	28	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	26	29	seated	seat	VERB
ape-5070	26	30	ideological	ideological	ADJ
ape-5070	26	31	objection	objection	NOUN
ape-5070	26	32	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	26	33	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	26	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	26	35	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	26	36	not	not	PART
ape-5070	26	37	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	26	38	dismissed	dismiss	VERB
ape-5070	26	39	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	26	40	irritants	irritant	NOUN
ape-5070	26	41	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	26	42	mere	mere	ADJ
ape-5070	26	43	nonconformists	nonconformist	NOUN
ape-5070	26	44	because	because	SCONJ
ape-5070	26	45	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	26	46	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	26	47	offer	offer	VERB
ape-5070	26	48	an	an	DET
ape-5070	26	49	important	important	ADJ
ape-5070	26	50	critique	critique	NOUN
ape-5070	26	51	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	26	52	not	not	PART
ape-5070	26	53	just	just	ADV
ape-5070	26	54	the	the	DET
ape-5070	26	55	ruling	rule	VERB
ape-5070	26	56	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	26	57	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	26	58	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	26	59	existing	exist	VERB
ape-5070	26	60	power	power	NOUN
ape-5070	26	61	structures	structure	NOUN
ape-5070	26	62	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	27	1	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	27	2	why	why	SCONJ
ape-5070	27	3	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	27	4	eligible	eligible	ADJ
ape-5070	27	5	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	27	6	discuss	discuss	VERB
ape-5070	27	7	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	27	8	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-5070	27	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	27	10	attend	attend	VERB
ape-5070	27	11	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	27	12	rallies	rally	NOUN
ape-5070	27	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	27	14	meetings	meeting	NOUN
ape-5070	27	15	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	27	16	so	so	ADV
ape-5070	27	17	much	much	ADJ
ape-5070	27	18	gusto	gusto	ADJ
ape-5070	27	19	/	/	SYM
ape-5070	27	20	enthusiasm	enthusiasm	NOUN
ape-5070	27	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	27	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	27	23	often	often	ADV
ape-5070	27	24	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	27	25	seeming	seem	VERB
ape-5070	27	26	deep	deep	ADJ
ape-5070	27	27	concern	concern	NOUN
ape-5070	27	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	27	29	yet	yet	CCONJ
ape-5070	27	30	fail	fail	VERB
ape-5070	27	31	to	to	PART
ape-5070	27	32	cast	cast	VERB
ape-5070	27	33	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	27	34	ballots	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	27	35	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	27	36	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	27	37	day	day	NOUN
ape-5070	27	38	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	28	1	hence	hence	ADV
ape-5070	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	28	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	28	4	paradox	paradox	NOUN
ape-5070	28	5	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	28	6	interrogation	interrogation	NOUN
ape-5070	28	7	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	28	8	why	why	SCONJ
ape-5070	28	9	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	28	10	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	28	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	28	12	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	28	13	consciousness	consciousness	NOUN
ape-5070	28	14	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	28	15	increasing	increase	VERB
ape-5070	28	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	28	17	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	28	18	is	be	VERB
ape-5070	28	19	a	a	DET
ape-5070	28	20	decline	decline	NOUN
ape-5070	28	21	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	28	22	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	28	23	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	28	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	29	1	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	29	2	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	29	3	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	29	4	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	29	5	not	not	PART
ape-5070	29	6	effective	effective	ADJ
ape-5070	29	7	enough	enough	ADV
ape-5070	29	8	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	29	9	influencing	influence	VERB
ape-5070	29	10	higher	high	ADJ
ape-5070	29	11	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	29	12	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	29	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	29	14	ca	can	AUX
ape-5070	29	15	nt	not	PART
ape-5070	29	16	demonstrable	demonstrable	VERB
ape-5070	29	17	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	29	18	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ape-5070	29	19	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	29	20	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ape-5070	29	21	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	29	22	the	the	DET
ape-5070	29	23	first	first	ADJ
ape-5070	29	24	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	29	25	paragraphs	paragraph	NOUN
ape-5070	29	26	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	29	27	achieve	achieve	VERB
ape-5070	29	28	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	29	29	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	30	1	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	30	2	representation	representation	NOUN
ape-5070	30	3	means	mean	VERB
ape-5070	30	4	keeping	keep	VERB
ape-5070	30	5	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ape-5070	30	6	public	public	ADJ
ape-5070	30	7	tabs	tab	NOUN
ape-5070	30	8	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	30	9	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	30	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	30	11	replacing	replace	VERB
ape-5070	30	12	underperformed	underperformed	ADJ
ape-5070	30	13	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	30	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	30	15	what	what	DET
ape-5070	30	16	impact	impact	NOUN
ape-5070	30	17	does	do	AUX
ape-5070	30	18	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	30	19	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	30	20	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	30	21	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	30	22	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	30	23	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-5070	30	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	30	25	particularly	particularly	ADV
ape-5070	30	26	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	30	27	nurturing	nurture	VERB
ape-5070	30	28	the	the	DET
ape-5070	30	29	spirit	spirit	NOUN
ape-5070	30	30	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	30	31	substance	substance	NOUN
ape-5070	30	32	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	30	33	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	30	34	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	31	1	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	31	2	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	31	3	mere	mere	ADJ
ape-5070	31	4	rituals	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	31	5	to	to	PART
ape-5070	31	6	satisfy	satisfy	VERB
ape-5070	31	7	a	a	DET
ape-5070	31	8	global	global	ADJ
ape-5070	31	9	consensus	consensus	NOUN
ape-5070	31	10	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	31	11	meet	meet	VERB
ape-5070	31	12	aid	aid	NOUN
ape-5070	31	13	conditionality	conditionality	NOUN
ape-5070	31	14	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	31	15	african	african	ADJ
ape-5070	31	16	countries	country	NOUN
ape-5070	31	17	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	32	1	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	32	2	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	32	3	any	any	DET
ape-5070	32	4	correlation	correlation	NOUN
ape-5070	32	5	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	32	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	32	7	abysmal	abysmal	ADJ
ape-5070	32	8	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	32	9	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	32	10	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	32	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	32	12	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	32	13	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	32	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	32	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	32	16	perceived	perceive	VERB
ape-5070	32	17	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	32	18	advances	advance	VERB
ape-5070	32	19	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	32	20	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	32	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	32	22	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	32	23	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	32	24	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	33	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	33	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	33	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	33	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	33	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	33	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	33	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	33	8	80	80	NUM
ape-5070	33	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	33	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	33	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	33	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	33	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	33	14	growing	grow	VERB
ape-5070	33	15	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	33	16	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ape-5070	33	17	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	33	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	33	19	populace	populace	NOUN
ape-5070	33	20	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	34	1	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	34	2	this	this	DET
ape-5070	34	3	development	development	NOUN
ape-5070	34	4	enhance	enhance	VERB
ape-5070	34	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	34	6	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ape-5070	34	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	34	8	the	the	DET
ape-5070	34	9	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	34	10	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	34	11	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
ape-5070	34	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	34	13	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	34	14	contract	contract	NOUN
ape-5070	34	15	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	34	16	the	the	DET
ape-5070	34	17	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	34	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	34	19	its	its	PRON
ape-5070	34	20	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	34	21	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	35	1	though	though	SCONJ
ape-5070	35	2	not	not	PART
ape-5070	35	3	peculiar	peculiar	ADJ
ape-5070	35	4	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	35	5	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ape-5070	35	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	35	7	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	35	8	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	35	9	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	35	10	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	35	11	declining	decline	VERB
ape-5070	35	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	35	13	most	most	ADV
ape-5070	35	14	developed	develop	VERB
ape-5070	35	15	countries	country	NOUN
ape-5070	35	16	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	35	17	recent	recent	ADJ
ape-5070	35	18	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	35	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	35	20	its	its	PRON
ape-5070	35	21	breadth	breadth	NOUN
ape-5070	35	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	35	23	depth	depth	NOUN
ape-5070	35	24	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	35	25	however	however	ADV
ape-5070	35	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	35	27	reached	reach	VERB
ape-5070	35	28	a	a	DET
ape-5070	35	29	worrisome	worrisome	ADJ
ape-5070	35	30	level	level	NOUN
ape-5070	35	31	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	35	32	the	the	DET
ape-5070	35	33	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	35	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	36	1	this	this	DET
ape-5070	36	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-5070	36	3	provides	provide	VERB
ape-5070	36	4	insight	insight	NOUN
ape-5070	36	5	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	36	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	36	7	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	36	8	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	36	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	36	10	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	36	11	ritual	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	36	12	associated	associate	VERB
ape-5070	36	13	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	36	14	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	36	15	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	36	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	36	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	36	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	37	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	37	2	establishes	establish	VERB
ape-5070	37	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	37	4	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ape-5070	37	5	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	37	6	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	37	7	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	37	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	37	9	contagious	contagious	ADJ
ape-5070	37	10	scepticism	scepticism	NOUN
ape-5070	37	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	37	12	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	37	13	underpinning	underpinning	ADJ
ape-5070	37	14	variables	variable	NOUN
ape-5070	37	15	associated	associate	VERB
ape-5070	37	16	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	37	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	37	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	37	19	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	37	20	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	37	21	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	37	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	38	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	38	2	discusses	discuss	VERB
ape-5070	38	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	38	4	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	38	5	responsible	responsible	ADJ
ape-5070	38	6	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	38	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	38	8	change	change	NOUN
ape-5070	38	9	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	38	10	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	38	11	’	’	PART
ape-5070	38	12	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	38	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	38	14	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	38	15	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	38	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	38	17	an	an	DET
ape-5070	38	18	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	38	19	space	space	NOUN
ape-5070	38	20	characterised	characterise	VERB
ape-5070	38	21	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	38	22	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	38	23	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	38	24	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	38	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	38	26	violence	violence	NOUN
ape-5070	38	27	during	during	ADP
ape-5070	38	28	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	38	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	38	30	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	38	31	blatant	blatant	ADJ
ape-5070	38	32	rigging	rigging	NOUN
ape-5070	38	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	39	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	39	2	adopts	adopt	VERB
ape-5070	39	3	simple	simple	ADJ
ape-5070	39	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ape-5070	39	5	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ape-5070	39	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-5070	39	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	39	8	the	the	DET
ape-5070	39	9	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	39	10	cast	cast	VERB
ape-5070	39	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	39	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	39	13	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	39	14	general	general	ADJ
ape-5070	39	15	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	39	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	39	17	pre	pre	ADJ
ape-5070	39	18	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	39	19	election	election	ADJ
ape-5070	39	20	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	39	21	activities	activity	NOUN
ape-5070	39	22	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	39	23	the	the	DET
ape-5070	39	24	populace	populace	NOUN
ape-5070	39	25	to	to	PART
ape-5070	39	26	interrogate	interrogate	VERB
ape-5070	39	27	the	the	DET
ape-5070	39	28	gap	gap	NOUN
ape-5070	39	29	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	39	30	demonstrable	demonstrable	ADJ
ape-5070	39	31	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	39	32	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ape-5070	39	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	39	34	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	39	35	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	39	36	an	an	DET
ape-5070	39	37	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	39	38	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	39	39	the	the	DET
ape-5070	39	40	imperativeness	imperativeness	NOUN
ape-5070	39	41	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	39	42	post	post	ADJ
ape-5070	39	43	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	39	44	election	election	ADJ
ape-5070	39	45	audit	audit	NOUN
ape-5070	39	46	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	40	1	this	this	DET
ape-5070	40	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-5070	40	3	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	40	4	discusses	discuss	VERB
ape-5070	40	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	40	6	basic	basic	ADJ
ape-5070	40	7	ingredients	ingredient	NOUN
ape-5070	40	8	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ape-5070	40	9	for	for	SCONJ
ape-5070	40	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	40	11	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	40	12	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	40	13	to	to	PART
ape-5070	40	14	function	function	VERB
ape-5070	40	15	properly	properly	ADV
ape-5070	40	16	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	40	17	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
ape-5070	40	18	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	40	19	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	40	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	40	21	interest	interest	NOUN
ape-5070	40	22	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	40	23	the	the	DET
ape-5070	40	24	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	40	25	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	40	26	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	40	27	making	make	VERB
ape-5070	40	28	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	40	29	a	a	DET
ape-5070	40	30	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	40	31	enjoyable	enjoyable	ADJ
ape-5070	40	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	40	33	community	community	NOUN
ape-5070	40	34	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	40	35	driven	drive	VERB
ape-5070	40	36	experience	experience	NOUN
ape-5070	40	37	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	41	1	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	41	2	providing	provide	VERB
ape-5070	41	3	fair	fair	ADJ
ape-5070	41	4	representation	representation	NOUN
ape-5070	41	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	41	6	making	make	VERB
ape-5070	41	7	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ape-5070	41	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	41	9	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	41	10	equally	equally	ADV
ape-5070	41	11	available	available	ADJ
ape-5070	41	12	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	41	13	all	all	PRON
ape-5070	41	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	42	1	2	2	X
ape-5070	42	2	.	.	X
ape-5070	42	3	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	42	4	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	42	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	42	6	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	42	7	ritual	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	42	8	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	42	9	a	a	DET
ape-5070	42	10	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ape-5070	42	11	exposition	exposition	NOUN
ape-5070	42	12	generally	generally	ADV
ape-5070	42	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	42	14	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	42	15	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	42	16	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	42	17	manifests	manifest	NOUN
ape-5070	42	18	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	42	19	various	various	ADJ
ape-5070	42	20	ways	way	NOUN
ape-5070	42	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	42	22	ranging	range	VERB
ape-5070	42	23	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	42	24	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	42	25	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	42	26	formal	formal	ADJ
ape-5070	42	27	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	42	28	processes	process	NOUN
ape-5070	42	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	42	30	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	42	31	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	42	32	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	42	33	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	42	34	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	42	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	42	36	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	42	37	extra	extra	ADJ
ape-5070	42	38	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ape-5070	42	39	behaviours	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	42	40	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	42	41	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	42	42	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	42	43	street	street	NOUN
ape-5070	42	44	protests	protest	NOUN
ape-5070	42	45	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	42	46	community	community	NOUN
ape-5070	42	47	meetings	meeting	NOUN
ape-5070	42	48	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	42	49	resnick	resnick	PROPN
ape-5070	42	50	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	42	51	casale	casale	PROPN
ape-5070	42	52	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	42	53	2011	2011	NUM
ape-5070	42	54	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	42	55	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	43	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	43	2	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	43	3	usually	usually	ADV
ape-5070	43	4	influenced	influence	VERB
ape-5070	43	5	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	43	6	a	a	DET
ape-5070	43	7	number	number	NOUN
ape-5070	43	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	43	9	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	43	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	43	11	including	include	VERB
ape-5070	43	12	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	43	13	ideology	ideology	NOUN
ape-5070	43	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	43	15	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
ape-5070	43	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	43	17	structural	structural	ADJ
ape-5070	43	18	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ape-5070	43	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	43	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	43	21	demographics	demographic	NOUN
ape-5070	43	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	44	1	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	44	2	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	44	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	44	4	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	44	5	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	44	6	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	44	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	44	8	the	the	DET
ape-5070	44	9	three	three	NUM
ape-5070	44	10	main	main	ADJ
ape-5070	44	11	indicators	indicator	NOUN
ape-5070	44	12	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	44	13	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	44	14	performance	performance	NOUN
ape-5070	44	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	44	16	powell	powell	PROPN
ape-5070	44	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	44	18	1982	1982	NUM
ape-5070	44	19	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	44	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	44	21	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	44	22	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	44	23	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	44	24	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	44	25	the	the	DET
ape-5070	44	26	most	most	ADV
ape-5070	44	27	studied	study	VERB
ape-5070	44	28	topics	topic	NOUN
ape-5070	44	29	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	44	30	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	44	31	science	science	NOUN
ape-5070	44	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	44	33	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	44	34	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	44	35	the	the	DET
ape-5070	44	36	most	most	ADV
ape-5070	44	37	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ape-5070	44	38	concerns	concern	NOUN
ape-5070	44	39	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	44	40	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ape-5070	44	41	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	44	42	development	development	NOUN
ape-5070	44	43	practitioners	practitioner	NOUN
ape-5070	44	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	45	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	45	2	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	45	3	geared	gear	VERB
ape-5070	45	4	towards	towards	ADP
ape-5070	45	5	making	make	VERB
ape-5070	45	6	governments	government	NOUN
ape-5070	45	7	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	45	8	accountable	accountable	ADJ
ape-5070	45	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	45	10	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ape-5070	45	11	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	45	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	45	13	needs	need	NOUN
ape-5070	45	14	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	45	15	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	45	16	because	because	SCONJ
ape-5070	45	17	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	45	18	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	45	19	value	value	VERB
ape-5070	45	20	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	45	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	45	22	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	45	23	recognise	recognise	VERB
ape-5070	45	24	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	45	25	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	45	26	a	a	DET
ape-5070	45	27	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ape-5070	45	28	element	element	NOUN
ape-5070	45	29	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	45	30	modern	modern	ADJ
ape-5070	45	31	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	45	32	systems	system	NOUN
ape-5070	45	33	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	45	34	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	45	35	birch	birch	NOUN
ape-5070	45	36	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	45	37	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	45	38	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	45	39	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	46	1	when	when	SCONJ
ape-5070	46	2	certain	certain	ADJ
ape-5070	46	3	groups	group	NOUN
ape-5070	46	4	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	46	5	section	section	NOUN
ape-5070	46	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	46	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	46	8	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	46	9	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	46	10	not	not	PART
ape-5070	46	11	engage	engage	VERB
ape-5070	46	12	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	46	13	participate	participate	VERB
ape-5070	46	14	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	46	15	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	46	16	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	46	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	46	18	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	46	19	poses	pose	VERB
ape-5070	46	20	a	a	DET
ape-5070	46	21	genuine	genuine	ADJ
ape-5070	46	22	problem	problem	NOUN
ape-5070	46	23	to	to	PART
ape-5070	46	24	representative	representative	VERB
ape-5070	46	25	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	46	26	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	46	27	tambe	tambe	NOUN
ape-5070	46	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	46	29	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	46	30	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	46	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	47	1	however	however	ADV
ape-5070	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	47	3	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	47	4	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	47	5	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	47	6	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	47	7	declining	decline	VERB
ape-5070	47	8	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	47	9	most	most	ADJ
ape-5070	47	10	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	47	11	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	47	12	gray	gray	ADJ
ape-5070	47	13	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	47	14	caul	caul	PROPN
ape-5070	47	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	47	16	2000	2000	NUM
ape-5070	47	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	47	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	47	19	much	much	ADJ
ape-5070	47	20	attention	attention	NOUN
ape-5070	47	21	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	47	22	being	be	AUX
ape-5070	47	23	dedicated	dedicate	VERB
ape-5070	47	24	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	47	25	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	47	26	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	47	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	47	28	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	47	29	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	47	30	developing	develop	VERB
ape-5070	47	31	countries	country	NOUN
ape-5070	47	32	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	47	33	the	the	DET
ape-5070	47	34	last	last	ADJ
ape-5070	47	35	decade	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	47	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	48	1	given	give	VERB
ape-5070	48	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	48	3	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	48	4	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	48	5	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	48	6	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	48	7	those	those	PRON
ape-5070	48	8	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	48	9	care	care	VERB
ape-5070	48	10	deeply	deeply	ADV
ape-5070	48	11	about	about	ADP
ape-5070	48	12	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	48	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	48	14	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	48	15	a	a	DET
ape-5070	48	16	lot	lot	NOUN
ape-5070	48	17	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	48	18	stake	stake	NOUN
ape-5070	48	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	48	20	possess	possess	VERB
ape-5070	48	21	disposable	disposable	ADJ
ape-5070	48	22	time	time	NOUN
ape-5070	48	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	48	24	resources	resource	NOUN
ape-5070	48	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	48	26	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	48	27	receive	receive	VERB
ape-5070	48	28	utility	utility	NOUN
ape-5070	48	29	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	48	30	the	the	DET
ape-5070	48	31	act	act	NOUN
ape-5070	48	32	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	48	33	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	48	34	itself	itself	PRON
ape-5070	48	35	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	48	36	riker	riker	PROPN
ape-5070	48	37	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	48	38	ordeshook	ordeshook	PROPN
ape-5070	48	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	48	40	1968	1968	NUM
ape-5070	48	41	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	48	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	48	43	mobilizing	mobilize	VERB
ape-5070	48	44	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	48	45	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	48	46	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	48	47	the	the	DET
ape-5070	48	48	polling	polling	NOUN
ape-5070	48	49	stations	station	NOUN
ape-5070	48	50	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	48	51	become	become	VERB
ape-5070	48	52	a	a	DET
ape-5070	48	53	national	national	ADJ
ape-5070	48	54	obligation	obligation	NOUN
ape-5070	48	55	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	48	56	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	48	57	countries	country	NOUN
ape-5070	48	58	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	49	1	politically	politically	ADV
ape-5070	49	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	49	3	free	free	ADJ
ape-5070	49	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	49	5	fair	fair	ADJ
ape-5070	49	6	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	49	7	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	49	8	an	an	DET
ape-5070	49	9	integral	integral	ADJ
ape-5070	49	10	part	part	NOUN
ape-5070	49	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	49	12	a	a	DET
ape-5070	49	13	successfully	successfully	ADV
ape-5070	49	14	functioning	function	VERB
ape-5070	49	15	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	49	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	50	2	periodic	periodic	ADJ
ape-5070	50	3	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	50	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	50	5	governments	government	NOUN
ape-5070	50	6	through	through	ADP
ape-5070	50	7	competitive	competitive	ADJ
ape-5070	50	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	9	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
ape-5070	50	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	50	11	transparent	transparent	ADJ
ape-5070	50	12	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	50	13	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	50	14	core	core	ADJ
ape-5070	50	15	to	to	PART
ape-5070	50	16	representative	representative	VERB
ape-5070	50	17	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	50	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	50	19	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	20	where	where	SCONJ
ape-5070	50	21	few	few	ADJ
ape-5070	50	22	take	take	VERB
ape-5070	50	23	part	part	NOUN
ape-5070	50	24	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	50	25	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	50	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	27	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	50	28	is	be	VERB
ape-5070	50	29	little	little	ADJ
ape-5070	50	30	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	50	31	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	32	the	the	DET
ape-5070	50	33	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	50	34	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	50	35	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	50	36	is	be	VERB
ape-5070	50	37	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	50	38	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	50	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	40	the	the	DET
ape-5070	50	41	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	50	42	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	50	43	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	50	44	is	be	VERB
ape-5070	50	45	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	46	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	47	verba	verba	NOUN
ape-5070	50	48	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	50	49	nie	nie	PROPN
ape-5070	50	50	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	51	1972	1972	NUM
ape-5070	50	52	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	53	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-5070	50	54	1	1	NUM
ape-5070	50	55	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	50	56	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	51	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	51	2	polity	polity	NOUN
ape-5070	51	3	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	51	4	advances	advance	VERB
ape-5070	51	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	51	6	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	51	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	51	8	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	51	9	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	51	10	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	52	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	52	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	52	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	52	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	52	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	52	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	52	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	52	8	81	81	NUM
ape-5070	52	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	52	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	52	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	52	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	52	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	52	14	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	52	15	shaped	shape	VERB
ape-5070	52	16	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	52	17	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	52	18	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	52	19	insistence	insistence	NOUN
ape-5070	52	20	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	52	21	regular	regular	ADJ
ape-5070	52	22	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	52	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	52	24	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	52	25	its	its	PRON
ape-5070	52	26	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
ape-5070	52	27	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	52	28	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	52	29	supremacy	supremacy	NOUN
ape-5070	52	30	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	52	31	elected	elect	VERB
ape-5070	52	32	leaders	leader	NOUN
ape-5070	52	33	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	52	34	servants	servant	NOUN
ape-5070	52	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	52	36	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	52	37	imperfections	imperfection	NOUN
ape-5070	52	38	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	52	39	chaotic	chaotic	ADJ
ape-5070	52	40	processes	process	NOUN
ape-5070	52	41	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	52	42	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	52	43	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	52	44	decision	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	52	45	making	make	VERB
ape-5070	52	46	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	52	47	protest	protest	NOUN
ape-5070	52	48	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	52	49	compromise	compromise	NOUN
ape-5070	52	50	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	53	1	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	53	2	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	53	3	great	great	ADJ
ape-5070	53	4	secular	secular	ADJ
ape-5070	53	5	rituals	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	53	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	54	1	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	54	2	serve	serve	VERB
ape-5070	54	3	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	54	4	purposes	purpose	NOUN
ape-5070	54	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	54	6	being	be	AUX
ape-5070	54	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	54	8	defining	define	VERB
ape-5070	54	9	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-5070	54	10	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	54	11	modern	modern	ADJ
ape-5070	54	12	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	54	13	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	54	14	katz	katz	PROPN
ape-5070	54	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	54	16	1997	1997	NUM
ape-5070	54	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	54	18	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-5070	54	19	1	1	NUM
ape-5070	54	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	54	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	55	1	hence	hence	ADV
ape-5070	55	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	55	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	55	4	importance	importance	NOUN
ape-5070	55	5	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	55	6	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	55	7	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	55	8	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	55	9	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	55	10	found	find	VERB
ape-5070	55	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	55	12	what	what	PRON
ape-5070	55	13	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	55	14	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	55	15	capable	capable	ADJ
ape-5070	55	16	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	55	17	deciding	decide	VERB
ape-5070	55	18	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	55	19	rightly	rightly	ADV
ape-5070	55	20	observed	observe	VERB
ape-5070	55	21	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	55	22	dalton	dalton	PROPN
ape-5070	55	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	55	24	gray	gray	ADJ
ape-5070	55	25	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	55	26	2003	2003	NUM
ape-5070	55	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	55	28	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-5070	55	29	23	23	NUM
ape-5070	55	30	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	55	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	56	1	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	56	2	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	56	3	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	56	4	important	important	ADJ
ape-5070	56	5	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	56	6	what	what	PRON
ape-5070	56	7	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	56	8	decide	decide	VERB
ape-5070	56	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	57	1	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	57	2	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ape-5070	57	3	determine	determine	VERB
ape-5070	57	4	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	57	5	manages	manage	VERB
ape-5070	57	6	affairs	affair	NOUN
ape-5070	57	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	57	8	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	57	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	57	10	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	57	11	makes	make	VERB
ape-5070	57	12	public	public	ADJ
ape-5070	57	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ape-5070	57	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	58	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	58	2	selection	selection	NOUN
ape-5070	58	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	58	4	leaders	leader	NOUN
ape-5070	58	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	58	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	58	7	ability	ability	NOUN
ape-5070	58	8	to	to	PART
ape-5070	58	9	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	58	10	throw	throw	VERB
ape-5070	58	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	58	12	rascals	rascal	NOUN
ape-5070	58	13	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	58	14	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	58	15	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	58	16	the	the	DET
ape-5070	58	17	next	next	ADJ
ape-5070	58	18	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	58	19	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	58	20	the	the	DET
ape-5070	58	21	public	public	NOUN
ape-5070	58	22	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	58	23	ultimate	ultimate	ADJ
ape-5070	58	24	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ape-5070	58	25	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	58	26	non	non	ADJ
ape-5070	58	27	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	58	28	violent	violent	ADJ
ape-5070	58	29	power	power	NOUN
ape-5070	58	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	59	1	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	59	2	elites	elite	NOUN
ape-5070	59	3	may	may	AUX
ape-5070	59	4	not	not	PART
ape-5070	59	5	always	always	ADV
ape-5070	59	6	act	act	VERB
ape-5070	59	7	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	59	8	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	59	9	promise	promise	VERB
ape-5070	59	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	59	11	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	59	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	59	13	selection	selection	NOUN
ape-5070	59	14	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	59	15	a	a	DET
ape-5070	59	16	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	59	17	provides	provide	VERB
ape-5070	59	18	some	some	DET
ape-5070	59	19	popular	popular	ADJ
ape-5070	59	20	control	control	NOUN
ape-5070	59	21	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	59	22	them	they	PRON
ape-5070	59	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	60	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ape-5070	60	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	60	3	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ape-5070	60	4	debates	debate	NOUN
ape-5070	60	5	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	60	6	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	60	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	60	8	prime	prime	ADJ
ape-5070	60	9	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ape-5070	60	10	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	60	11	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ape-5070	60	12	openness	openness	NOUN
ape-5070	60	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	60	14	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ape-5070	60	15	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	60	16	the	the	DET
ape-5070	60	17	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	60	18	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	60	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	61	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
ape-5070	61	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	61	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	61	4	competitive	competitive	ADJ
ape-5070	61	5	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-5070	61	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	61	7	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	61	8	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	61	9	encourages	encourage	VERB
ape-5070	61	10	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	61	11	to	to	PART
ape-5070	61	12	discuss	discuss	VERB
ape-5070	61	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	61	14	policies	policy	NOUN
ape-5070	61	15	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	61	16	the	the	DET
ape-5070	61	17	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	61	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	61	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	61	20	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	61	21	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	61	22	potential	potential	ADJ
ape-5070	61	23	policy	policy	NOUN
ape-5070	61	24	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	61	25	makers	maker	NOUN
ape-5070	61	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	62	1	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	62	2	allow	allow	VERB
ape-5070	62	3	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	62	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	62	5	selection	selection	NOUN
ape-5070	62	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	62	7	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	62	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	62	9	programmes	programme	NOUN
ape-5070	62	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	62	11	representatives	representative	NOUN
ape-5070	62	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	62	13	strengthen	strengthen	VERB
ape-5070	62	14	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ape-5070	62	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	62	16	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	62	17	control	control	NOUN
ape-5070	62	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	63	1	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	63	2	give	give	VERB
ape-5070	63	3	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ape-5070	63	4	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	63	5	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	63	6	power	power	NOUN
ape-5070	63	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	63	8	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	63	9	lead	lead	VERB
ape-5070	63	10	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	63	11	peaceful	peaceful	ADJ
ape-5070	63	12	change	change	NOUN
ape-5070	63	13	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	63	14	power	power	NOUN
ape-5070	63	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	63	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	63	17	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	63	18	enhance	enhance	VERB
ape-5070	63	19	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	63	20	stability	stability	NOUN
ape-5070	63	21	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	63	22	kersting	kersting	NOUN
ape-5070	63	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	63	24	2007	2007	NUM
ape-5070	63	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	63	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	64	1	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	64	2	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	64	3	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	64	4	central	central	ADJ
ape-5070	64	5	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	64	6	making	make	VERB
ape-5070	64	7	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	64	8	deliver	deliver	VERB
ape-5070	64	9	a	a	DET
ape-5070	64	10	better	well	ADJ
ape-5070	64	11	quality	quality	NOUN
ape-5070	64	12	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	64	13	life	life	NOUN
ape-5070	64	14	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	64	15	linking	link	VERB
ape-5070	64	16	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	64	17	’	’	PART
ape-5070	64	18	interests	interest	NOUN
ape-5070	64	19	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	64	20	those	those	PRON
ape-5070	64	21	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	64	22	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	64	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	64	24	allowing	allow	VERB
ape-5070	64	25	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	64	26	to	to	PART
ape-5070	64	27	select	select	VERB
ape-5070	64	28	representatives	representative	NOUN
ape-5070	64	29	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	64	30	reflect	reflect	VERB
ape-5070	64	31	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	64	32	will	will	NOUN
ape-5070	64	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	65	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	65	2	will	will	NOUN
ape-5070	65	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	65	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	65	5	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	65	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	65	7	expressed	express	VERB
ape-5070	65	8	through	through	ADP
ape-5070	65	9	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	65	10	ballots	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	65	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	65	12	provides	provide	VERB
ape-5070	65	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	65	14	basis	basis	NOUN
ape-5070	65	15	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	65	16	authority	authority	NOUN
ape-5070	65	17	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	65	18	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	65	19	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	65	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	66	1	these	these	DET
ape-5070	66	2	concepts	concept	NOUN
ape-5070	66	3	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	66	4	enshrined	enshrine	VERB
ape-5070	66	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	66	6	article	article	NOUN
ape-5070	66	7	21	21	NUM
ape-5070	66	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	66	9	the	the	DET
ape-5070	66	10	universal	universal	ADJ
ape-5070	66	11	declaration	declaration	NOUN
ape-5070	66	12	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	66	13	human	human	ADJ
ape-5070	66	14	rights	right	NOUN
ape-5070	66	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	66	16	universal	universal	ADJ
ape-5070	66	17	declaration	declaration	NOUN
ape-5070	66	18	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	66	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	66	20	article	article	NOUN
ape-5070	66	21	25	25	NUM
ape-5070	66	22	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	66	23	the	the	DET
ape-5070	66	24	international	international	ADJ
ape-5070	66	25	covenant	covenant	NOUN
ape-5070	66	26	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	66	27	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-5070	66	28	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	66	29	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	66	30	rights	right	NOUN
ape-5070	66	31	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	66	32	iccpr	iccpr	ADV
ape-5070	66	33	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	66	34	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	66	35	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	66	36	international	international	ADJ
ape-5070	66	37	human	human	ADJ
ape-5070	66	38	rights	right	NOUN
ape-5070	66	39	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ape-5070	66	40	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	67	1	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	67	2	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	67	3	not	not	PART
ape-5070	67	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	67	5	all	all	DET
ape-5070	67	6	polities	polity	NOUN
ape-5070	67	7	expect	expect	VERB
ape-5070	67	8	some	some	DET
ape-5070	67	9	public	public	ADJ
ape-5070	67	10	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ape-5070	67	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	67	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	67	13	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	67	14	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	67	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	67	16	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	67	17	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	67	18	to	to	PART
ape-5070	67	19	obey	obey	VERB
ape-5070	67	20	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	67	21	orders	order	NOUN
ape-5070	67	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	68	1	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	68	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	68	3	however	however	ADV
ape-5070	68	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	68	5	expects	expect	VERB
ape-5070	68	6	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	68	7	active	active	ADJ
ape-5070	68	8	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ape-5070	68	9	than	than	ADP
ape-5070	68	10	a	a	DET
ape-5070	68	11	nondemocratic	nondemocratic	ADJ
ape-5070	68	12	order	order	NOUN
ape-5070	68	13	because	because	SCONJ
ape-5070	68	14	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	68	15	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	68	16	designed	design	VERB
ape-5070	68	17	to	to	PART
ape-5070	68	18	aggregate	aggregate	VERB
ape-5070	68	19	public	public	ADJ
ape-5070	68	20	preferences	preference	NOUN
ape-5070	68	21	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	68	22	binding	bind	VERB
ape-5070	68	23	collective	collective	ADJ
ape-5070	68	24	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	68	25	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	68	26	dalton	dalton	PROPN
ape-5070	68	27	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	68	28	klingemann	klingemann	PROPN
ape-5070	68	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	68	30	2011	2011	NUM
ape-5070	68	31	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	68	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	69	1	this	this	DET
ape-5070	69	2	right	right	NOUN
ape-5070	69	3	to	to	PART
ape-5070	69	4	participate	participate	VERB
ape-5070	69	5	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	69	6	a	a	DET
ape-5070	69	7	broad	broad	ADJ
ape-5070	69	8	concept	concept	NOUN
ape-5070	69	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	69	10	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	69	11	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	69	12	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	69	13	subject	subject	ADJ
ape-5070	69	14	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	69	15	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
ape-5070	69	16	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
ape-5070	69	17	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	69	18	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	69	19	provided	provide	VERB
ape-5070	69	20	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	69	21	law	law	NOUN
ape-5070	69	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	70	1	authorities	authority	NOUN
ape-5070	70	2	must	must	AUX
ape-5070	70	3	take	take	VERB
ape-5070	70	4	steps	step	NOUN
ape-5070	70	5	to	to	PART
ape-5070	70	6	assess	assess	VERB
ape-5070	70	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	70	8	remove	remove	VERB
ape-5070	70	9	any	any	DET
ape-5070	70	10	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ape-5070	70	11	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	70	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	70	13	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	70	14	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	70	15	all	all	DET
ape-5070	70	16	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	70	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	71	1	this	this	PRON
ape-5070	71	2	includes	include	VERB
ape-5070	71	3	removing	remove	VERB
ape-5070	71	4	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ape-5070	71	5	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	71	6	traditionally	traditionally	ADV
ape-5070	71	7	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
ape-5070	71	8	populations	population	NOUN
ape-5070	71	9	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	71	10	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	71	11	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-5070	71	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	71	13	religious	religious	ADJ
ape-5070	71	14	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	71	15	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
ape-5070	71	16	minorities	minority	NOUN
ape-5070	71	17	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	71	18	women	woman	NOUN
ape-5070	71	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	71	20	youth	youth	NOUN
ape-5070	71	21	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	71	22	elderly	elderly	ADJ
ape-5070	71	23	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	71	24	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	71	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	71	26	persons	person	NOUN
ape-5070	71	27	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	71	28	disabilities	disability	NOUN
ape-5070	71	29	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	71	30	merloe	merloe	NOUN
ape-5070	71	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	71	32	2009	2009	NUM
ape-5070	71	33	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	71	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	72	1	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	72	2	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	72	3	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	72	4	highly	highly	ADV
ape-5070	72	5	complex	complex	ADJ
ape-5070	72	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	72	7	however	however	ADV
ape-5070	72	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	72	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	72	10	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	72	11	scientists	scientist	NOUN
ape-5070	72	12	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	72	13	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	72	14	studying	study	VERB
ape-5070	72	15	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	72	16	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	72	17	different	different	ADJ
ape-5070	72	18	angles	angle	NOUN
ape-5070	72	19	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	72	20	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	72	21	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	72	22	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	72	23	solijonov	solijonov	NOUN
ape-5070	72	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	72	25	2016	2016	NUM
ape-5070	72	26	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	72	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	73	1	plummeting	plummet	VERB
ape-5070	73	2	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	73	3	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	73	4	across	across	ADP
ape-5070	73	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	73	6	globe	globe	NOUN
ape-5070	73	7	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	73	8	a	a	DET
ape-5070	73	9	worrying	worry	VERB
ape-5070	73	10	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-5070	73	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	74	1	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	74	2	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	74	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	74	4	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	74	5	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	74	6	a	a	DET
ape-5070	74	7	key	key	ADJ
ape-5070	74	8	indicator	indicator	NOUN
ape-5070	74	9	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	74	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	74	11	vitality	vitality	NOUN
ape-5070	74	12	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	74	13	a	a	DET
ape-5070	74	14	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	74	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	74	16	helps	help	VERB
ape-5070	74	17	measure	measure	VERB
ape-5070	74	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	74	19	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	74	20	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	74	21	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	74	22	place	place	VERB
ape-5070	74	23	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	74	24	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	74	25	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	74	26	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-5070	74	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	74	28	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	74	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	74	30	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	74	31	shows	show	VERB
ape-5070	74	32	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	74	33	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	74	34	participate	participate	VERB
ape-5070	74	35	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	74	36	the	the	DET
ape-5070	74	37	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-5070	74	38	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	74	39	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	74	40	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	74	41	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	74	42	west	west	PROPN
ape-5070	74	43	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-5070	74	44	brief	brief	PROPN
ape-5070	74	45	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	74	46	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	74	47	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	74	48	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	75	1	while	while	SCONJ
ape-5070	75	2	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	75	3	scientists	scientist	NOUN
ape-5070	75	4	focus	focus	VERB
ape-5070	75	5	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	75	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	75	7	influence	influence	NOUN
ape-5070	75	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	75	9	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	75	10	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	75	11	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	75	12	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	75	13	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	75	14	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	75	15	group	group	NOUN
ape-5070	75	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	75	17	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	75	18	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ape-5070	75	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	75	20	the	the	DET
ape-5070	75	21	popularity	popularity	NOUN
ape-5070	75	22	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	75	23	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	75	24	leaders	leader	NOUN
ape-5070	75	25	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	75	26	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	75	27	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	75	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	75	29	sociologists	sociologist	NOUN
ape-5070	75	30	seem	seem	VERB
ape-5070	75	31	to	to	PART
ape-5070	75	32	concentrate	concentrate	VERB
ape-5070	75	33	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	75	34	the	the	DET
ape-5070	75	35	socio	socio	NOUN
ape-5070	75	36	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	75	37	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-5070	75	38	determinants	determinant	NOUN
ape-5070	75	39	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	75	40	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	75	41	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	75	42	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	75	43	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	75	44	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	75	45	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	75	46	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	75	47	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	76	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	76	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	76	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	76	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	76	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	76	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	76	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	76	8	82	82	NUM
ape-5070	76	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	76	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	76	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	76	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	76	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	77	1	supports	support	VERB
ape-5070	77	2	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	77	3	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	77	4	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	77	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	77	6	observing	observe	VERB
ape-5070	77	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	77	8	correlations	correlation	NOUN
ape-5070	77	9	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	77	10	class	class	NOUN
ape-5070	77	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	77	12	occupations	occupation	NOUN
ape-5070	77	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	77	14	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
ape-5070	77	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	77	16	sex	sex	NOUN
ape-5070	77	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	77	18	age	age	NOUN
ape-5070	77	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	77	20	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	77	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	78	1	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	78	2	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	78	3	beginning	begin	VERB
ape-5070	78	4	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	78	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	78	6	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ape-5070	78	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	78	8	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	78	9	rolls	roll	NOUN
ape-5070	78	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	78	11	concluding	conclude	VERB
ape-5070	78	12	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	78	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	78	14	declaration	declaration	NOUN
ape-5070	78	15	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	78	16	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	78	17	resultsare	resultsare	NOUN
ape-5070	78	18	profound	profound	ADJ
ape-5070	78	19	events	event	NOUN
ape-5070	78	20	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	78	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	78	22	life	life	NOUN
ape-5070	78	23	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	78	24	every	every	DET
ape-5070	78	25	nation	nation	NOUN
ape-5070	78	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	78	27	state	state	NOUN
ape-5070	78	28	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	78	29	locality	locality	NOUN
ape-5070	78	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	79	1	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	79	2	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	79	3	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	79	4	not	not	PART
ape-5070	79	5	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ape-5070	79	6	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ape-5070	79	7	given	give	VERB
ape-5070	79	8	the	the	DET
ape-5070	79	9	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	79	10	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	79	11	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	79	12	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	79	13	something	something	PRON
ape-5070	79	14	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	79	15	experience	experience	VERB
ape-5070	79	16	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	79	17	a	a	DET
ape-5070	79	18	great	great	ADJ
ape-5070	79	19	ritual	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	79	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	79	21	made	make	VERB
ape-5070	79	22	up	up	ADP
ape-5070	79	23	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	79	24	smaller	small	ADJ
ape-5070	79	25	rituals	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	79	26	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	79	27	orr	orr	PROPN
ape-5070	79	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	79	29	2015	2015	NUM
ape-5070	79	30	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	79	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	80	1	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	80	2	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	80	3	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	80	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	80	5	rituals	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	80	6	—	—	PUNCT
ape-5070	80	7	repeated	repeat	VERB
ape-5070	80	8	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	80	9	activities	activity	NOUN
ape-5070	80	10	full	full	ADJ
ape-5070	80	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	80	12	symbolism	symbolism	NOUN
ape-5070	80	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	80	14	meaning	meaning	NOUN
ape-5070	80	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	81	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	81	2	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	81	3	cycle	cycle	NOUN
ape-5070	81	4	sets	set	VERB
ape-5070	81	5	up	up	ADP
ape-5070	81	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	81	7	seasons	season	NOUN
ape-5070	81	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	81	9	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	81	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	82	1	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	82	2	scientists	scientist	NOUN
ape-5070	82	3	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	82	4	utilized	utilize	VERB
ape-5070	82	5	representative	representative	ADJ
ape-5070	82	6	surveys	survey	NOUN
ape-5070	82	7	to	to	PART
ape-5070	82	8	understand	understand	VERB
ape-5070	82	9	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	82	10	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ape-5070	82	11	since	since	SCONJ
ape-5070	82	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	82	13	1950s	1950s	NUM
ape-5070	82	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	82	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	82	16	research	research	NOUN
ape-5070	82	17	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	82	18	shown	show	VERB
ape-5070	82	19	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	82	20	a	a	DET
ape-5070	82	21	number	number	NOUN
ape-5070	82	22	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	82	23	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ape-5070	82	24	play	play	VERB
ape-5070	82	25	a	a	DET
ape-5070	82	26	role	role	NOUN
ape-5070	82	27	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	82	28	shaping	shape	VERB
ape-5070	82	29	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	82	30	choice	choice	NOUN
ape-5070	82	31	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	82	32	lau	lau	PROPN
ape-5070	82	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	82	34	kleinberg	kleinberg	PROPN
ape-5070	82	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	82	36	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	82	37	ditonto	ditonto	PROPN
ape-5070	82	38	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	82	39	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	82	40	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	82	41	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	83	1	some	some	DET
ape-5070	83	2	individuals	individual	NOUN
ape-5070	83	3	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	83	4	issue	issue	NOUN
ape-5070	83	5	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	83	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	83	7	others	other	NOUN
ape-5070	83	8	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	83	9	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	83	10	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	83	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	83	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	83	13	yet	yet	ADV
ape-5070	83	14	another	another	DET
ape-5070	83	15	set	set	NOUN
ape-5070	83	16	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	83	17	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	83	18	focus	focus	VERB
ape-5070	83	19	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	83	20	the	the	DET
ape-5070	83	21	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ape-5070	83	22	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	83	23	candidates	candidate	NOUN
ape-5070	83	24	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	83	25	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	83	26	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	83	27	lau	lau	PROPN
ape-5070	83	28	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	83	29	kleinberg	kleinberg	PROPN
ape-5070	83	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	83	31	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	83	32	ditonto	ditonto	PROPN
ape-5070	83	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	83	34	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	83	35	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	83	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	84	1	though	though	SCONJ
ape-5070	84	2	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	84	3	results	result	NOUN
ape-5070	84	4	reflect	reflect	VERB
ape-5070	84	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	84	6	outcome	outcome	NOUN
ape-5070	84	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	84	8	level	level	NOUN
ape-5070	84	9	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	84	10	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	84	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	84	12	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	84	13	contests	contest	NOUN
ape-5070	84	14	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	84	15	open	open	ADJ
ape-5070	84	16	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	84	17	data	datum	NOUN
ape-5070	84	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	84	19	n.d	n.d	PROPN
ape-5070	84	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	84	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	84	22	burklo	burklo	NOUN
ape-5070	84	23	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	84	24	2014	2014	NUM
ape-5070	84	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	84	26	argues	argue	VERB
ape-5070	84	27	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	84	28	the	the	DET
ape-5070	84	29	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
ape-5070	84	30	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	84	31	any	any	DET
ape-5070	84	32	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	84	33	person	person	NOUN
ape-5070	84	34	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	84	35	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	84	36	would	would	AUX
ape-5070	84	37	decide	decide	VERB
ape-5070	84	38	an	an	DET
ape-5070	84	39	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	84	40	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	84	41	miniscule	miniscule	ADJ
ape-5070	84	42	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	85	1	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	85	2	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	85	3	not	not	PART
ape-5070	85	4	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	85	5	because	because	SCONJ
ape-5070	85	6	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	85	7	think	think	VERB
ape-5070	85	8	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	85	9	ballot	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	85	10	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	85	11	decide	decide	VERB
ape-5070	85	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	85	13	outcome	outcome	NOUN
ape-5070	85	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	86	1	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	86	2	do	do	VERB
ape-5070	86	3	so	so	ADV
ape-5070	86	4	because	because	SCONJ
ape-5070	86	5	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	86	6	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	86	7	a	a	DET
ape-5070	86	8	ritual	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	86	9	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	86	10	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	86	11	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ape-5070	86	12	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	86	13	them	they	PRON
ape-5070	86	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	87	1	he	he	PRON
ape-5070	87	2	explains	explain	VERB
ape-5070	87	3	further	far	ADV
ape-5070	87	4	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	87	5	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	87	6	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	87	7	lost	lose	VERB
ape-5070	87	8	faith	faith	NOUN
ape-5070	87	9	not	not	PART
ape-5070	87	10	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	87	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	87	12	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	87	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	87	14	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	87	15	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	87	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	87	17	corporations	corporation	NOUN
ape-5070	87	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	87	19	churches	church	NOUN
ape-5070	87	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	87	21	temples	temple	NOUN
ape-5070	87	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	88	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	88	2	’s	’	VERB
ape-5070	88	3	a	a	DET
ape-5070	88	4	vicious	vicious	ADJ
ape-5070	88	5	cycle	cycle	NOUN
ape-5070	88	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	89	1	we	we	PRON
ape-5070	89	2	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	89	3	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	89	4	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	89	5	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	89	6	do	do	VERB
ape-5070	89	7	n’t	not	PART
ape-5070	89	8	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	89	9	ca	can	AUX
ape-5070	89	10	n’t	not	PART
ape-5070	89	11	deliver	deliver	VERB
ape-5070	89	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	89	13	we	we	PRON
ape-5070	89	14	lose	lose	VERB
ape-5070	89	15	faith	faith	NOUN
ape-5070	89	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	89	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	89	18	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-5070	89	19	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	89	20	run	run	VERB
ape-5070	89	21	badly	badly	ADV
ape-5070	89	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	89	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	89	24	then	then	ADV
ape-5070	89	25	we	we	PRON
ape-5070	89	26	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	89	27	de	de	ADJ
ape-5070	89	28	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	89	29	motivated	motivated	ADJ
ape-5070	89	30	to	to	PART
ape-5070	89	31	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	89	32	at	at	ADV
ape-5070	89	33	all	all	ADV
ape-5070	89	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	90	1	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	90	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	90	3	those	those	PRON
ape-5070	90	4	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	90	5	whom	whom	PRON
ape-5070	90	6	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	90	7	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	90	8	ceased	cease	VERB
ape-5070	90	9	to	to	PART
ape-5070	90	10	matter	matter	VERB
ape-5070	90	11	at	at	ADV
ape-5070	90	12	all	all	ADV
ape-5070	90	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	90	14	those	those	PRON
ape-5070	90	15	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	90	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	90	17	whether	whether	SCONJ
ape-5070	90	18	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	90	19	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	90	20	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	90	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	90	22	contentment	contentment	NOUN
ape-5070	90	23	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	90	24	ennui	ennui	NOUN
ape-5070	90	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	90	26	just	just	ADV
ape-5070	90	27	leave	leave	VERB
ape-5070	90	28	the	the	DET
ape-5070	90	29	system	system	NOUN
ape-5070	90	30	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	90	31	itself	itself	PRON
ape-5070	90	32	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	90	33	orr	orr	PROPN
ape-5070	90	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	90	35	2015	2015	NUM
ape-5070	90	36	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	90	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	91	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	91	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	91	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	91	4	certain	certain	ADJ
ape-5070	91	5	theorists	theorist	NOUN
ape-5070	91	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	91	7	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	91	8	scientists	scientist	NOUN
ape-5070	91	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	91	10	according	accord	VERB
ape-5070	91	11	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	91	12	birch	birch	NOUN
ape-5070	91	13	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	91	14	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	91	15	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	91	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	91	17	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	91	18	recently	recently	ADV
ape-5070	91	19	argued	argue	VERB
ape-5070	91	20	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	91	21	a	a	DET
ape-5070	91	22	substantial	substantial	ADJ
ape-5070	91	23	portion	portion	NOUN
ape-5070	91	24	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	91	25	the	the	DET
ape-5070	91	26	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	91	27	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	91	28	not	not	PART
ape-5070	91	29	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV
ape-5070	91	30	enlightened	enlighten	VERB
ape-5070	91	31	to	to	PART
ape-5070	91	32	make	make	VERB
ape-5070	91	33	an	an	DET
ape-5070	91	34	informed	informed	ADJ
ape-5070	91	35	choice	choice	NOUN
ape-5070	91	36	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	91	37	the	the	DET
ape-5070	91	38	polls	poll	NOUN
ape-5070	91	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	91	40	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	91	41	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	91	42	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	91	43	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	91	44	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	91	45	better	well	ADJ
ape-5070	91	46	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	91	47	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	91	48	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	91	49	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	91	50	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	91	51	stay	stay	VERB
ape-5070	91	52	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	91	53	home	home	NOUN
ape-5070	91	54	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	92	1	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	92	2	are	be	VERB
ape-5070	92	3	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	92	4	separate	separate	ADJ
ape-5070	92	5	components	component	NOUN
ape-5070	92	6	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	92	7	this	this	DET
ape-5070	92	8	argument	argument	NOUN
ape-5070	92	9	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	92	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	92	11	1	1	X
ape-5070	92	12	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	92	13	some	some	DET
ape-5070	92	14	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	92	15	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	92	16	not	not	PART
ape-5070	92	17	well	well	ADV
ape-5070	92	18	enough	enough	ADV
ape-5070	92	19	informed	informed	ADJ
ape-5070	92	20	to	to	PART
ape-5070	92	21	make	make	VERB
ape-5070	92	22	sound	sound	ADJ
ape-5070	92	23	choices	choice	NOUN
ape-5070	92	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	92	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	92	26	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	92	27	2	2	X
ape-5070	92	28	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	92	29	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	92	30	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	92	31	better	well	ADJ
ape-5070	92	32	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	92	33	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	92	34	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	92	35	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	92	36	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	92	37	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	92	38	not	not	PART
ape-5070	92	39	exercise	exercise	VERB
ape-5070	92	40	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	92	41	franchise	franchise	NOUN
ape-5070	92	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	92	43	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	92	44	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	92	45	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	92	46	likely	likely	ADJ
ape-5070	92	47	to	to	PART
ape-5070	92	48	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	92	49	the	the	DET
ape-5070	92	50	case	case	NOUN
ape-5070	92	51	under	under	ADP
ape-5070	92	52	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ
ape-5070	92	53	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	92	54	laws	law	NOUN
ape-5070	92	55	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	93	1	3	3	X
ape-5070	93	2	.	.	X
ape-5070	93	3	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	93	4	growing	grow	VERB
ape-5070	93	5	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	93	6	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ape-5070	93	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	93	8	decline	decline	VERB
ape-5070	93	9	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	93	10	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	93	11	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	93	12	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	93	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	93	14	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	93	15	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	93	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	93	17	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ape-5070	93	18	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	93	19	most	most	ADJ
ape-5070	93	20	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	93	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	93	22	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	93	23	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	93	24	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ
ape-5070	93	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	94	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	94	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ape-5070	94	3	literature	literature	NOUN
ape-5070	94	4	shows	show	VERB
ape-5070	94	5	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	94	6	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	94	7	value	value	VERB
ape-5070	94	8	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	94	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	94	10	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	94	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	94	12	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	94	13	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	94	14	believe	believe	VERB
ape-5070	94	15	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	94	16	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	94	17	important	important	ADJ
ape-5070	94	18	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	94	19	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	94	20	the	the	DET
ape-5070	94	21	same	same	ADJ
ape-5070	94	22	time	time	NOUN
ape-5070	94	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	94	24	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	94	25	fail	fail	VERB
ape-5070	94	26	to	to	PART
ape-5070	94	27	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	94	28	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	94	29	birch	birch	NOUN
ape-5070	94	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	94	31	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	94	32	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	94	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	95	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	95	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	95	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	95	4	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	95	5	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	95	6	rates	rate	NOUN
ape-5070	95	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	95	8	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	95	9	membership	membership	NOUN
ape-5070	95	10	rolls	roll	NOUN
ape-5070	95	11	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	95	12	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	95	13	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	95	14	sharp	sharp	ADJ
ape-5070	95	15	decline	decline	NOUN
ape-5070	95	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	95	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	95	18	past	past	ADJ
ape-5070	95	19	few	few	ADJ
ape-5070	95	20	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	95	21	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	95	22	kataja	kataja	NOUN
ape-5070	95	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	95	24	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	95	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	95	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	96	1	since	since	SCONJ
ape-5070	96	2	its	its	PRON
ape-5070	96	3	return	return	NOUN
ape-5070	96	4	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	96	5	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	96	6	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	96	7	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	96	8	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	96	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	96	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	96	11	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	96	12	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	96	13	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	96	14	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	96	15	characterized	characterize	VERB
ape-5070	96	16	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	96	17	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	96	18	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	96	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	97	1	being	be	AUX
ape-5070	97	2	a	a	DET
ape-5070	97	3	nascent	nascent	ADJ
ape-5070	97	4	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	97	5	experiment	experiment	NOUN
ape-5070	97	6	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	97	7	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	97	8	ago	ago	ADV
ape-5070	97	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	97	10	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	97	11	was	be	AUX
ape-5070	97	12	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	97	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	97	14	regarded	regard	VERB
ape-5070	97	15	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	97	16	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	97	17	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	97	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	97	19	usual	usual	ADJ
ape-5070	97	20	teething	teethe	VERB
ape-5070	97	21	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ape-5070	97	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	98	1	however	however	ADV
ape-5070	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	98	3	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	98	4	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	98	5	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	98	6	a	a	DET
ape-5070	98	7	steady	steady	ADJ
ape-5070	98	8	decline	decline	NOUN
ape-5070	98	9	since	since	SCONJ
ape-5070	98	10	then	then	ADV
ape-5070	98	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	98	12	spite	spite	NOUN
ape-5070	98	13	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	98	14	the	the	DET
ape-5070	98	15	perceived	perceive	VERB
ape-5070	98	16	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	98	17	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ape-5070	98	18	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	98	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	98	20	populace	populace	NOUN
ape-5070	98	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	99	1	since	since	SCONJ
ape-5070	99	2	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	99	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	99	4	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	99	5	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	99	6	reached	reach	VERB
ape-5070	99	7	a	a	DET
ape-5070	99	8	peak	peak	NOUN
ape-5070	99	9	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	99	10	69	69	NUM
ape-5070	99	11	%	%	NOUN
ape-5070	99	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	99	13	2003	2003	NUM
ape-5070	99	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	99	15	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	99	16	then	then	ADV
ape-5070	99	17	continuously	continuously	ADV
ape-5070	99	18	declined	decline	VERB
ape-5070	99	19	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	99	20	a	a	DET
ape-5070	99	21	record	record	NOUN
ape-5070	99	22	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	99	23	low	low	NOUN
ape-5070	99	24	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	99	25	35.6	35.6	NUM
ape-5070	99	26	percent	percent	NOUN
ape-5070	99	27	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	99	28	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	99	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	100	1	while	while	SCONJ
ape-5070	100	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	100	3	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	100	4	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	100	5	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	100	6	nearly	nearly	ADV
ape-5070	100	7	doubled	double	VERB
ape-5070	100	8	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	100	9	the	the	DET
ape-5070	100	10	past	past	ADJ
ape-5070	100	11	20	20	NUM
ape-5070	100	12	years	year	NOUN
ape-5070	100	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	100	14	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	100	15	are	be	VERB
ape-5070	100	16	about	about	ADV
ape-5070	100	17	25	25	NUM
ape-5070	100	18	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	100	19	additional	additional	ADJ
ape-5070	100	20	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	100	21	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	100	22	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	100	23	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	100	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	100	25	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	100	26	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	100	27	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	101	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	101	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	101	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	101	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	101	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	101	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	101	8	83	83	NUM
ape-5070	101	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	101	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	101	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	101	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	101	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	101	14	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	101	15	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	101	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	101	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	101	18	absolute	absolute	ADJ
ape-5070	101	19	number	number	NOUN
ape-5070	101	20	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	101	21	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-5070	101	22	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	101	23	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	101	24	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	101	25	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	101	26	declined	decline	VERB
ape-5070	101	27	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	101	28	30.2	30.2	NUM
ape-5070	101	29	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	101	30	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	101	31	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	101	32	compared	compare	VERB
ape-5070	101	33	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	101	34	28.6	28.6	NUM
ape-5070	101	35	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	101	36	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	101	37	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	101	38	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	102	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	102	2	west	west	PROPN
ape-5070	102	3	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-5070	102	4	brief	brief	PROPN
ape-5070	102	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	102	6	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	102	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	102	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	103	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
ape-5070	103	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	103	3	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	103	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	103	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	103	6	major	major	ADJ
ape-5070	103	7	fallouts	fallout	NOUN
ape-5070	103	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	103	9	the	the	DET
ape-5070	103	10	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	103	11	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	103	12	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	103	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	103	14	level	level	NOUN
ape-5070	103	15	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	103	16	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	103	17	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	103	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	104	1	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	104	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ape-5070	104	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	104	4	while	while	SCONJ
ape-5070	104	5	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	104	6	84	84	NUM
ape-5070	104	7	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	104	8	eligible	eligible	ADJ
ape-5070	104	9	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	104	10	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	104	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	104	12	a	a	DET
ape-5070	104	13	25	25	NUM
ape-5070	104	14	percent	percent	NOUN
ape-5070	104	15	rise	rise	NOUN
ape-5070	104	16	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	104	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	104	18	last	last	ADJ
ape-5070	104	19	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	104	20	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	104	21	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	104	22	2015	2015	NUM
ape-5070	104	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	104	24	were	be	AUX
ape-5070	104	25	expected	expect	VERB
ape-5070	104	26	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	104	27	the	the	DET
ape-5070	104	28	polls	poll	NOUN
ape-5070	104	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	104	30	the	the	DET
ape-5070	104	31	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	104	32	turn	turn	NOUN
ape-5070	104	33	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	104	34	out	out	NOUN
ape-5070	104	35	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	104	36	affirmed	affirm	VERB
ape-5070	104	37	less	less	ADJ
ape-5070	104	38	than	than	ADP
ape-5070	104	39	40	40	NUM
ape-5070	104	40	percent	percent	NOUN
ape-5070	104	41	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	104	42	the	the	DET
ape-5070	104	43	number	number	NOUN
ape-5070	104	44	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	105	1	precisely	precisely	ADV
ape-5070	105	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	105	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	105	4	overall	overall	ADJ
ape-5070	105	5	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	105	6	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	105	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	105	8	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ape-5070	105	9	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	105	10	was	be	AUX
ape-5070	105	11	28	28	NUM
ape-5070	105	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	105	13	614,190	614,190	NUM
ape-5070	105	14	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	105	15	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	105	16	35.6	35.6	NUM
ape-5070	105	17	percent	percent	NOUN
ape-5070	105	18	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	105	19	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	105	20	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	105	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	105	22	making	make	VERB
ape-5070	105	23	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	105	24	the	the	DET
ape-5070	105	25	lowest	low	ADJ
ape-5070	105	26	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	105	27	all	all	DET
ape-5070	105	28	recent	recent	ADJ
ape-5070	105	29	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	105	30	held	hold	VERB
ape-5070	105	31	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	105	32	the	the	DET
ape-5070	105	33	african	african	ADJ
ape-5070	105	34	continent	continent	NOUN
ape-5070	105	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	105	36	according	accord	VERB
ape-5070	105	37	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	105	38	the	the	DET
ape-5070	105	39	data	datum	NOUN
ape-5070	105	40	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	105	41	the	the	DET
ape-5070	105	42	international	international	PROPN
ape-5070	105	43	institute	institute	NOUN
ape-5070	105	44	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	105	45	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	105	46	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	105	47	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	105	48	assistance	assistance	NOUN
ape-5070	105	49	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	105	50	cited	cite	VERB
ape-5070	105	51	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	105	52	ojetunde	ojetunde	NOUN
ape-5070	105	53	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	105	54	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	105	55	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	105	56	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	106	1	measured	measure	VERB
ape-5070	106	2	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	106	3	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	106	4	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	106	5	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	106	6	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	106	7	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	106	8	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	106	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	106	10	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	106	11	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	106	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	106	13	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	106	14	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	106	15	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	106	16	decline	decline	NOUN
ape-5070	106	17	both	both	PRON
ape-5070	106	18	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	106	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	106	20	long	long	ADJ
ape-5070	106	21	term	term	NOUN
ape-5070	106	22	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	106	23	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	106	24	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	106	25	2015	2015	NUM
ape-5070	106	26	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	106	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	106	28	short	short	ADJ
ape-5070	106	29	term	term	NOUN
ape-5070	106	30	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	106	31	2011	2011	NUM
ape-5070	106	32	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	106	33	2015	2015	NUM
ape-5070	106	34	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	106	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	107	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	107	2	number	number	NOUN
ape-5070	107	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	107	4	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	107	5	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	107	6	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	107	7	a	a	DET
ape-5070	107	8	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ape-5070	107	9	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	107	10	total	total	ADJ
ape-5070	107	11	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	107	12	declined	decline	VERB
ape-5070	107	13	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	107	14	45.7	45.7	NUM
ape-5070	107	15	%	%	NOUN
ape-5070	107	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	107	17	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	107	18	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	107	19	38.3	38.3	NUM
ape-5070	107	20	%	%	NOUN
ape-5070	107	21	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	107	22	2015	2015	NUM
ape-5070	107	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	108	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ape-5070	108	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	108	3	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	108	4	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	108	5	declined	decline	VERB
ape-5070	108	6	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	108	7	52.3	52.3	NUM
ape-5070	108	8	%	%	NOUN
ape-5070	108	9	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	108	10	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	108	11	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	108	12	43.7	43.7	NUM
ape-5070	108	13	%	%	NOUN
ape-5070	108	14	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	108	15	2015	2015	NUM
ape-5070	108	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	108	17	cdd	cdd	PROPN
ape-5070	108	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	108	19	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	108	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	108	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	109	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	109	2	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	109	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	109	4	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	109	5	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	109	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	109	7	57,938,945	57,938,945	NUM
ape-5070	109	8	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	109	9	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	109	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	109	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	109	12	total	total	ADJ
ape-5070	109	13	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	109	14	cast	cast	VERB
ape-5070	109	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	109	16	8	8	NUM
ape-5070	109	17	2,538,246	2,538,246	NUM
ape-5070	109	18	invalid	invalid	ADJ
ape-5070	109	19	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	109	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	110	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	110	2	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	110	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	110	4	2003	2003	NUM
ape-5070	110	5	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	110	6	69	69	NUM
ape-5070	110	7	per	per	ADP
ape-5070	110	8	cent	cent	NOUN
ape-5070	110	9	represented	represent	VERB
ape-5070	110	10	an	an	DET
ape-5070	110	11	increase	increase	NOUN
ape-5070	110	12	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	110	13	16.8	16.8	NUM
ape-5070	110	14	per	per	ADP
ape-5070	110	15	cent	cent	NOUN
ape-5070	110	16	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	110	17	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	110	18	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	110	19	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	110	20	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	110	21	adedigba	adedigba	NOUN
ape-5070	110	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	110	23	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	110	24	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	110	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	111	1	i	i	PRON
ape-5070	111	2	turnout	turnout	VERB
ape-5070	111	3	dropped	drop	VERB
ape-5070	111	4	further	far	ADV
ape-5070	111	5	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	111	6	54	54	NUM
ape-5070	111	7	per	per	ADP
ape-5070	111	8	cent	cent	NOUN
ape-5070	111	9	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	111	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	111	11	2011	2011	NUM
ape-5070	111	12	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ape-5070	111	13	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	111	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	112	1	that	that	DET
ape-5070	112	2	year	year	NOUN
ape-5070	112	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	112	4	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	112	5	were	be	VERB
ape-5070	112	6	73,528,040	73,528,040	NUM
ape-5070	112	7	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	112	8	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	112	9	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	112	10	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	112	11	39,469,484	39,469,484	NUM
ape-5070	112	12	turned	turn	VERB
ape-5070	112	13	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	112	14	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	112	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	112	16	poll	poll	NOUN
ape-5070	112	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	112	18	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	112	19	38,209,978	38,209,978	NUM
ape-5070	112	20	valid	valid	ADJ
ape-5070	112	21	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	112	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	112	23	1,259,506	1,259,506	NUM
ape-5070	112	24	invalid	invalid	ADJ
ape-5070	112	25	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	112	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	113	1	this	this	PRON
ape-5070	113	2	represented	represent	VERB
ape-5070	113	3	a	a	DET
ape-5070	113	4	drop	drop	NOUN
ape-5070	113	5	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	113	6	4.36	4.36	NUM
ape-5070	113	7	per	per	ADP
ape-5070	113	8	cent	cent	NOUN
ape-5070	113	9	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	113	10	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	113	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	113	12	2007	2007	NUM
ape-5070	113	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	114	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	114	2	decline	decline	NOUN
ape-5070	114	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	114	4	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	114	5	’	'	PUNCT
ape-5070	114	6	that	that	DET
ape-5070	114	7	year	year	NOUN
ape-5070	114	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	114	9	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	114	10	were	be	VERB
ape-5070	114	11	28,587,564	28,587,564	NUM
ape-5070	114	12	valid	valid	ADJ
ape-5070	114	13	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	114	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	114	15	844,519	844,519	NUM
ape-5070	114	16	invalid	invalid	ADJ
ape-5070	114	17	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	114	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	115	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	115	2	drop	drop	NOUN
ape-5070	115	3	was	be	AUX
ape-5070	115	4	10.1	10.1	NUM
ape-5070	115	5	per	per	ADP
ape-5070	115	6	cent	cent	NOUN
ape-5070	115	7	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	115	8	adedigba	adedigba	ADJ
ape-5070	115	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	115	10	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	115	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	115	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	116	1	an	an	DET
ape-5070	116	2	interrogation	interrogation	NOUN
ape-5070	116	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	116	4	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	116	5	stateslagos	stateslago	NOUN
ape-5070	116	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	116	7	riversreadily	riversreadily	ADV
ape-5070	116	8	attests	attest	VERB
ape-5070	116	9	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	116	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	116	11	abysmal	abysmal	ADJ
ape-5070	116	12	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	116	13	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	116	14	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	116	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	116	16	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	116	17	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	116	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	117	1	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	117	2	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	117	3	cosmopolitan	cosmopolitan	ADJ
ape-5070	117	4	states	state	NOUN
ape-5070	117	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	118	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
ape-5070	118	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	118	3	lagos	lago	NOUN
ape-5070	118	4	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	118	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	118	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	118	7	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	118	8	most	most	ADV
ape-5070	118	9	cosmopolitan	cosmopolitan	ADJ
ape-5070	118	10	state	state	NOUN
ape-5070	118	11	as	as	ADV
ape-5070	118	12	well	well	ADV
ape-5070	118	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	118	14	richest	rich	ADJ
ape-5070	118	15	state	state	NOUN
ape-5070	118	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	118	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	118	18	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	118	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	118	20	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	118	21	an	an	DET
ape-5070	118	22	estimated	estimate	VERB
ape-5070	118	23	20	20	NUM
ape-5070	118	24	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	118	25	residents	resident	NOUN
ape-5070	118	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	119	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	119	2	has	have	VERB
ape-5070	119	3	a	a	DET
ape-5070	119	4	total	total	NOUN
ape-5070	119	5	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	119	6	6,570,291	6,570,291	NUM
ape-5070	119	7	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	119	8	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	119	9	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	119	10	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	119	11	17.25	17.25	NUM
ape-5070	119	12	per	per	NOUN
ape-5070	119	13	cent	cent	NOUN
ape-5070	119	14	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	119	15	1,089,567	1,089,567	NUM
ape-5070	119	16	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	119	17	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	119	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	119	19	number	number	NOUN
ape-5070	119	20	voted	vote	VERB
ape-5070	119	21	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	119	22	the	the	DET
ape-5070	119	23	national	national	ADJ
ape-5070	119	24	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	119	25	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	119	26	adedigba	adedigba	ADJ
ape-5070	119	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	119	28	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	119	29	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	119	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	120	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	120	2	rivers	river	NOUN
ape-5070	120	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	120	4	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	120	5	are	be	VERB
ape-5070	120	6	3,215,273	3,215,273	NUM
ape-5070	120	7	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	120	8	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	120	9	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	120	10	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	120	11	19.97	19.97	NUM
ape-5070	120	12	per	per	ADP
ape-5070	120	13	cent	cent	NOUN
ape-5070	120	14	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	120	15	642,165	642,165	NUM
ape-5070	120	16	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	120	17	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	120	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	120	19	total	total	ADJ
ape-5070	120	20	registered	registered	ADJ
ape-5070	120	21	number	number	NOUN
ape-5070	120	22	voted	vote	VERB
ape-5070	120	23	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	120	24	the	the	DET
ape-5070	120	25	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ape-5070	120	26	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	120	27	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	120	28	adedigba	adedigba	NOUN
ape-5070	120	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	120	30	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	120	31	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	120	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	121	1	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	121	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	121	3	millions	million	NOUN
ape-5070	121	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	121	5	eligible	eligible	ADJ
ape-5070	121	6	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	121	7	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	121	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	121	9	stayed	stay	VERB
ape-5070	121	10	away	away	ADV
ape-5070	121	11	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	121	12	casting	cast	VERB
ape-5070	121	13	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	121	14	ballot	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	121	15	to	to	PART
ape-5070	121	16	elect	elect	VERB
ape-5070	121	17	governors	governor	NOUN
ape-5070	121	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	121	19	state	state	NOUN
ape-5070	121	20	assembly	assembly	NOUN
ape-5070	121	21	members	member	NOUN
ape-5070	121	22	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	121	23	the	the	DET
ape-5070	121	24	march	march	PROPN
ape-5070	121	25	9	9	NUM
ape-5070	121	26	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	121	27	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	121	28	abang	abang	PROPN
ape-5070	121	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	121	30	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	121	31	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	121	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	122	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	122	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	122	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	122	4	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	122	5	explained	explain	VERB
ape-5070	122	6	above	above	ADV
ape-5070	122	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	122	8	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	122	9	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	122	10	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	122	11	declining	decline	VERB
ape-5070	122	12	since	since	SCONJ
ape-5070	122	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	122	14	2003	2003	NUM
ape-5070	122	15	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ape-5070	122	16	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	122	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	123	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	123	2	graph	graph	NOUN
ape-5070	123	3	below	below	ADV
ape-5070	123	4	clearly	clearly	ADV
ape-5070	123	5	shows	show	VERB
ape-5070	123	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	123	7	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ape-5070	123	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	123	9	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	123	10	’	’	PART
ape-5070	123	11	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	123	12	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	123	13	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	123	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	123	15	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	123	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	124	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	124	2	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	124	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	124	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	124	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	124	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	124	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	124	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	125	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	125	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	125	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	125	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	125	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	125	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	125	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	125	8	84	84	NUM
ape-5070	125	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	125	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	125	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	125	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	125	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	125	14	figure	figure	NOUN
ape-5070	125	15	1	1	NUM
ape-5070	125	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	126	1	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	126	2	turnout	turnout	VERB
ape-5070	126	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	126	4	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	126	5	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	126	6	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	126	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	126	8	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	126	9	age	age	NOUN
ape-5070	126	10	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	126	11	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	126	12	vap	vap	NOUN
ape-5070	126	13	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	126	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	126	15	as	as	ADV
ape-5070	126	16	well	well	ADV
ape-5070	126	17	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	126	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	126	19	number	number	NOUN
ape-5070	126	20	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	126	21	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	126	22	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	126	23	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	126	24	reg	reg	NOUN
ape-5070	126	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	126	26	when	when	SCONJ
ape-5070	126	27	compared	compare	VERB
ape-5070	126	28	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	126	29	actual	actual	ADJ
ape-5070	126	30	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	126	31	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	126	32	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	126	33	day	day	NOUN
ape-5070	126	34	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	126	35	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	126	36	relied	rely	VERB
ape-5070	126	37	upon	upon	SCONJ
ape-5070	126	38	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	126	39	indicators	indicator	NOUN
ape-5070	126	40	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	126	41	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	126	42	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	126	43	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	126	44	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	126	45	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	127	1	so	so	ADV
ape-5070	127	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	127	3	when	when	SCONJ
ape-5070	127	4	measuring	measure	VERB
ape-5070	127	5	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	127	6	cast	cast	VERB
ape-5070	127	7	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	127	8	a	a	DET
ape-5070	127	9	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ape-5070	127	10	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	127	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	127	12	estimated	estimate	VERB
ape-5070	127	13	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	127	14	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	127	15	age	age	NOUN
ape-5070	127	16	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	127	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	127	18	considering	consider	VERB
ape-5070	127	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	127	20	above	above	ADJ
ape-5070	127	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-5070	127	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	127	23	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	127	24	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	127	25	obvious	obvious	ADJ
ape-5070	127	26	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	127	27	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	127	28	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	127	29	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	127	30	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	127	31	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	127	32	dismally	dismally	ADV
ape-5070	127	33	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	127	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	128	1	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	128	2	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	128	3	any	any	DET
ape-5070	128	4	correlation	correlation	NOUN
ape-5070	128	5	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-5070	128	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	128	7	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	128	8	high	high	ADJ
ape-5070	128	9	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	128	10	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ape-5070	128	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	128	12	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	128	13	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	128	14	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	129	1	let	let	VERB
ape-5070	129	2	me	i	PRON
ape-5070	129	3	start	start	VERB
ape-5070	129	4	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	129	5	admitting	admit	VERB
ape-5070	129	6	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	129	7	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	129	8	may	may	AUX
ape-5070	129	9	not	not	PART
ape-5070	129	10	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
ape-5070	129	11	reflect	reflect	VERB
ape-5070	129	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	129	13	wider	wide	ADJ
ape-5070	129	14	health	health	NOUN
ape-5070	129	15	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	129	16	civic	civic	ADJ
ape-5070	129	17	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	129	18	given	give	VERB
ape-5070	129	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	129	20	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	129	21	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	129	22	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	129	23	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	129	24	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	129	25	much	much	ADV
ape-5070	129	26	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	129	27	multi	multi	ADJ
ape-5070	129	28	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	129	29	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
ape-5070	129	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	130	1	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	130	2	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	130	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	130	4	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	130	5	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	130	6	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	130	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	130	8	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	130	9	a	a	DET
ape-5070	130	10	manifestation	manifestation	NOUN
ape-5070	130	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	130	12	civic	civic	ADJ
ape-5070	130	13	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	130	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	130	15	a	a	DET
ape-5070	130	16	function	function	NOUN
ape-5070	130	17	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	130	18	personal	personal	ADJ
ape-5070	130	19	/	/	SYM
ape-5070	130	20	group	group	NOUN
ape-5070	130	21	interest	interest	NOUN
ape-5070	130	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	131	1	suffice	suffice	VERB
ape-5070	131	2	to	to	PART
ape-5070	131	3	say	say	VERB
ape-5070	131	4	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	131	5	declining	decline	VERB
ape-5070	131	6	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	131	7	rates	rate	NOUN
ape-5070	131	8	may	may	AUX
ape-5070	131	9	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	131	10	symptomatic	symptomatic	ADJ
ape-5070	131	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	131	12	a	a	DET
ape-5070	131	13	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	131	14	deficit	deficit	NOUN
ape-5070	131	15	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	131	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	131	17	pammett	pammett	PROPN
ape-5070	131	18	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	131	19	leduc	leduc	PROPN
ape-5070	131	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	131	21	2003	2003	NUM
ape-5070	131	22	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	131	23	nakhaie	nakhaie	NOUN
ape-5070	131	24	2006	2006	NUM
ape-5070	131	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	131	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	132	1	based	base	VERB
ape-5070	132	2	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	132	3	measures	measure	NOUN
ape-5070	132	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	132	5	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	132	6	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	132	7	interest	interest	NOUN
ape-5070	132	8	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	132	9	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	132	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	132	11	current	current	ADJ
ape-5070	132	12	events	event	NOUN
ape-5070	132	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	132	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	132	15	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	132	16	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-5070	132	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	132	18	coupled	couple	VERB
ape-5070	132	19	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	132	20	aggressive	aggressive	ADJ
ape-5070	132	21	civic	civic	ADJ
ape-5070	132	22	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	132	23	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	132	24	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-5070	132	25	society	society	NOUN
ape-5070	132	26	groups	group	NOUN
ape-5070	132	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	132	28	interest	interest	NOUN
ape-5070	132	29	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	132	30	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	132	31	developed	develop	VERB
ape-5070	132	32	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	132	33	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	132	34	around	around	ADP
ape-5070	132	35	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	132	36	period	period	NOUN
ape-5070	132	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	133	1	this	this	DET
ape-5070	133	2	interest	interest	NOUN
ape-5070	133	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	133	4	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	133	5	pre	pre	ADJ
ape-5070	133	6	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	133	7	election	election	ADJ
ape-5070	133	8	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	133	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	133	10	manifests	manifest	NOUN
ape-5070	133	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	133	12	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	133	13	rally	rally	NOUN
ape-5070	133	14	attendance	attendance	NOUN
ape-5070	133	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	133	16	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	133	17	media	medium	NOUN
ape-5070	133	18	activism	activism	NOUN
ape-5070	133	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	133	20	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	133	21	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	133	22	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	133	23	discussions	discussion	NOUN
ape-5070	133	24	through	through	ADP
ape-5070	133	25	different	different	ADJ
ape-5070	133	26	forums	forum	NOUN
ape-5070	133	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	134	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	134	2	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	134	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	134	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	134	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	134	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	134	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	134	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	135	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	135	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	135	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	135	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	135	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	135	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	135	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	135	8	85	85	NUM
ape-5070	135	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	135	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	135	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	135	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	135	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	135	14	figure	figure	NOUN
ape-5070	135	15	2	2	NUM
ape-5070	135	16	.	.	SYM
ape-5070	135	17	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	135	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	135	19	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ape-5070	135	20	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	135	21	results	result	VERB
ape-5070	135	22	a	a	DET
ape-5070	135	23	vast	vast	ADJ
ape-5070	135	24	literature	literature	NOUN
ape-5070	135	25	points	point	NOUN
ape-5070	135	26	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	135	27	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	135	28	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	135	29	a	a	DET
ape-5070	135	30	major	major	ADJ
ape-5070	135	31	driver	driver	NOUN
ape-5070	135	32	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	135	33	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	135	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	135	35	as	as	ADV
ape-5070	135	36	well	well	ADV
ape-5070	135	37	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	135	38	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	135	39	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	135	40	forms	form	NOUN
ape-5070	135	41	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	135	42	civic	civic	ADJ
ape-5070	135	43	action	action	NOUN
ape-5070	135	44	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	135	45	almond	almond	NOUN
ape-5070	135	46	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	135	47	verba	verba	NOUN
ape-5070	135	48	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	135	49	1963	1963	NUM
ape-5070	135	50	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	135	51	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	136	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	136	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	136	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	136	4	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	136	5	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	136	6	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	136	7	argued	argue	VERB
ape-5070	136	8	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	136	9	the	the	DET
ape-5070	136	10	positive	positive	ADJ
ape-5070	136	11	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ape-5070	136	12	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	136	13	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	136	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	136	15	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	136	16	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	136	17	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	136	18	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	136	19	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	136	20	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	136	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	136	22	most	most	ADV
ape-5070	136	23	reliable	reliable	ADJ
ape-5070	136	24	results	result	NOUN
ape-5070	136	25	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	136	26	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ape-5070	136	27	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	136	28	science	science	NOUN
ape-5070	136	29	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	136	30	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	136	31	la	la	X
ape-5070	136	32	due	due	PROPN
ape-5070	136	33	lake	lake	PROPN
ape-5070	136	34	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	136	35	huckfeldt	huckfeldt	PROPN
ape-5070	136	36	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	136	37	1998	1998	NUM
ape-5070	136	38	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	136	39	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-5070	136	40	567	567	NUM
ape-5070	136	41	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	136	42	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	137	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	137	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	137	3	last	last	ADJ
ape-5070	137	4	decade	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	137	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	137	6	nigerians	nigerian	NOUN
ape-5070	137	7	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	137	8	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
ape-5070	137	9	some	some	DET
ape-5070	137	10	appreciable	appreciable	ADJ
ape-5070	137	11	level	level	NOUN
ape-5070	137	12	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	137	13	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	137	14	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ape-5070	137	15	/	/	SYM
ape-5070	137	16	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	137	17	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	137	18	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	137	19	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ape-5070	137	20	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	137	21	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	137	22	activities	activity	NOUN
ape-5070	137	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	137	24	except	except	SCONJ
ape-5070	137	25	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	137	26	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	137	27	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	137	28	day	day	NOUN
ape-5070	137	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	138	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	138	2	previous	previous	ADJ
ape-5070	138	3	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	138	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	138	5	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	138	6	/	/	SYM
ape-5070	138	7	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	138	8	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	138	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	138	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	138	11	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	138	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	138	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	138	14	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-5070	138	15	society	society	NOUN
ape-5070	138	16	organizations	organization	NOUN
ape-5070	138	17	made	make	VERB
ape-5070	138	18	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ape-5070	138	19	use	use	NOUN
ape-5070	138	20	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	138	21	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	138	22	media	medium	NOUN
ape-5070	138	23	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	138	24	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	138	25	used	use	VERB
ape-5070	138	26	the	the	DET
ape-5070	138	27	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	138	28	media	medium	NOUN
ape-5070	138	29	to	to	PART
ape-5070	138	30	achieve	achieve	VERB
ape-5070	138	31	a	a	DET
ape-5070	138	32	number	number	NOUN
ape-5070	138	33	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	138	34	interrelated	interrelated	ADJ
ape-5070	138	35	objectives	objective	NOUN
ape-5070	138	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	139	1	most	most	ADJ
ape-5070	139	2	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	139	3	misperceive	misperceive	VERB
ape-5070	139	4	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	139	5	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	139	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	139	7	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	139	8	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	139	9	see	see	VERB
ape-5070	139	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	139	11	reduce	reduce	VERB
ape-5070	139	12	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	139	13	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	139	14	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	139	15	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	139	16	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	139	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	139	18	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	139	19	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	139	20	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	140	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	140	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	140	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	140	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	140	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	140	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	140	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	140	8	86	86	NUM
ape-5070	140	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	140	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	140	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	140	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	140	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	140	14	to	to	PART
ape-5070	140	15	franchise	franchise	NOUN
ape-5070	140	16	exercise	exercise	NOUN
ape-5070	140	17	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	140	18	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	140	19	during	during	ADP
ape-5070	140	20	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	140	21	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	141	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	141	2	othman	othman	NOUN
ape-5070	141	3	et	et	PROPN
ape-5070	141	4	al	al	PROPN
ape-5070	141	5	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	141	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	141	7	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	141	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	141	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	142	1	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	142	2	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	142	3	goes	go	VERB
ape-5070	142	4	beyond	beyond	ADP
ape-5070	142	5	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	142	6	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	142	7	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	142	8	day	day	NOUN
ape-5070	142	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	143	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	143	2	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ape-5070	143	3	point	point	NOUN
ape-5070	143	4	however	however	ADV
ape-5070	143	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	143	6	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	143	7	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	143	8	statistics	statistic	NOUN
ape-5070	143	9	about	about	ADP
ape-5070	143	10	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	143	11	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	143	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	143	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	143	14	last	last	ADJ
ape-5070	143	15	decade	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	143	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	143	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	143	18	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	143	19	not	not	PART
ape-5070	143	20	justify	justify	VERB
ape-5070	143	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	143	22	aphorism	aphorism	NOUN
ape-5070	143	23	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	143	24	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	143	25	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	143	26	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	143	27	a	a	DET
ape-5070	143	28	major	major	ADJ
ape-5070	143	29	driver	driver	NOUN
ape-5070	143	30	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	143	31	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	143	32	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	143	33	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	143	34	the	the	DET
ape-5070	143	35	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	143	36	general	general	ADJ
ape-5070	143	37	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	143	38	recording	record	VERB
ape-5070	143	39	the	the	DET
ape-5070	143	40	lowest	low	ADJ
ape-5070	143	41	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	143	42	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	143	43	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	143	44	despite	despite	SCONJ
ape-5070	143	45	active	active	ADJ
ape-5070	143	46	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	143	47	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	143	48	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	143	49	areas	area	NOUN
ape-5070	143	50	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	143	51	electioneering	electioneering	NOUN
ape-5070	143	52	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	144	1	no	no	ADV
ape-5070	144	2	doubt	doubt	ADV
ape-5070	144	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	144	4	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	144	5	media	medium	NOUN
ape-5070	144	6	stimulates	stimulate	VERB
ape-5070	144	7	online	online	ADV
ape-5070	144	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	144	9	offline	offline	ADJ
ape-5070	144	10	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	144	11	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	144	12	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	144	13	nigerians	nigerian	NOUN
ape-5070	144	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	144	15	suggesting	suggest	VERB
ape-5070	144	16	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	144	17	online	online	ADJ
ape-5070	144	18	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	144	19	activities	activity	NOUN
ape-5070	144	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	144	21	offline	offline	ADJ
ape-5070	144	22	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	144	23	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	144	24	could	could	AUX
ape-5070	144	25	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	144	26	a	a	DET
ape-5070	144	27	function	function	NOUN
ape-5070	144	28	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	144	29	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	144	30	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ape-5070	144	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	145	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	145	2	relevance	relevance	NOUN
ape-5070	145	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	145	4	this	this	DET
ape-5070	145	5	observation	observation	NOUN
ape-5070	145	6	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	145	7	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	145	8	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	145	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	145	10	particularly	particularly	ADV
ape-5070	145	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	145	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	145	13	last	last	ADJ
ape-5070	145	14	decade	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	145	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	145	16	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	145	17	not	not	PART
ape-5070	145	18	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	145	19	overemphasized	overemphasize	VERB
ape-5070	145	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	146	1	within	within	ADP
ape-5070	146	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	146	3	context	context	NOUN
ape-5070	146	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	146	5	our	our	PRON
ape-5070	146	6	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ape-5070	146	7	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	146	8	this	this	DET
ape-5070	146	9	chapter	chapter	NOUN
ape-5070	146	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	146	11	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	146	12	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	146	13	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	146	14	affirmed	affirm	VERB
ape-5070	146	15	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	146	16	a	a	DET
ape-5070	146	17	key	key	ADJ
ape-5070	146	18	marker	marker	NOUN
ape-5070	146	19	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	146	20	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	146	21	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	146	22	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	146	23	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	146	24	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	146	25	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	146	26	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	146	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	146	28	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	146	29	so	so	SCONJ
ape-5070	146	30	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	146	31	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	146	32	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	146	33	the	the	DET
ape-5070	146	34	most	most	ADV
ape-5070	146	35	important	important	ADJ
ape-5070	146	36	act	act	NOUN
ape-5070	146	37	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	146	38	a	a	DET
ape-5070	146	39	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	146	40	society	society	NOUN
ape-5070	146	41	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	147	1	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	147	2	given	give	VERB
ape-5070	147	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	147	4	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	147	5	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	147	6	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	147	7	’	’	PART
ape-5070	147	8	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	147	9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ape-5070	147	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	147	11	socialization	socialization	NOUN
ape-5070	147	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	147	13	general	general	ADJ
ape-5070	147	14	level	level	NOUN
ape-5070	147	15	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	147	16	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	147	17	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	147	18	a	a	DET
ape-5070	147	19	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	147	20	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	147	21	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	147	22	an	an	DET
ape-5070	147	23	impact	impact	NOUN
ape-5070	147	24	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	147	25	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	147	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	147	27	a	a	DET
ape-5070	147	28	single	single	ADJ
ape-5070	147	29	factor	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	147	30	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	147	31	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-5070	147	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	147	33	not	not	PART
ape-5070	147	34	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	147	35	used	use	VERB
ape-5070	147	36	to	to	PART
ape-5070	147	37	determine	determine	VERB
ape-5070	147	38	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	147	39	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	147	40	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	148	1	hence	hence	ADV
ape-5070	148	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	148	3	citizen	citizen	PROPN
ape-5070	148	4	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	148	5	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ape-5070	148	6	may	may	AUX
ape-5070	148	7	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	148	8	hampered	hamper	VERB
ape-5070	148	9	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	148	10	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	148	11	variables	variable	NOUN
ape-5070	148	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	148	13	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	148	14	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	148	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	148	16	may	may	AUX
ape-5070	148	17	not	not	PART
ape-5070	148	18	translate	translate	VERB
ape-5070	148	19	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	148	20	high	high	ADJ
ape-5070	148	21	turn	turn	NOUN
ape-5070	148	22	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	148	23	out	out	NOUN
ape-5070	148	24	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	148	25	an	an	DET
ape-5070	148	26	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	148	27	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	148	28	discussed	discuss	VERB
ape-5070	148	29	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	148	30	the	the	DET
ape-5070	148	31	section	section	NOUN
ape-5070	148	32	below	below	ADV
ape-5070	148	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	1	4	4	X
ape-5070	149	2	.	.	X
ape-5070	149	3	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	149	4	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ape-5070	149	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	6	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	149	7	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	149	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	149	9	contagious	contagious	ADJ
ape-5070	149	10	skepticism	skepticism	NOUN
ape-5070	149	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	149	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	149	13	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	149	14	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	149	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	16	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	149	17	implies	imply	VERB
ape-5070	149	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	149	19	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	149	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	149	21	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ape-5070	149	22	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	149	23	govern	govern	VERB
ape-5070	149	24	electorates	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	149	25	’	'	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	26	selection	selection	NOUN
ape-5070	149	27	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	149	28	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	149	29	prospective	prospective	ADJ
ape-5070	149	30	representatives	representative	NOUN
ape-5070	149	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	32	seems	seem	VERB
ape-5070	149	33	to	to	PART
ape-5070	149	34	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	149	35	a	a	DET
ape-5070	149	36	result	result	NOUN
ape-5070	149	37	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	149	38	societal	societal	ADJ
ape-5070	149	39	development	development	NOUN
ape-5070	149	40	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	41	the	the	DET
ape-5070	149	42	influence	influence	NOUN
ape-5070	149	43	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	149	44	mobilising	mobilise	VERB
ape-5070	149	45	media	medium	NOUN
ape-5070	149	46	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	47	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	149	48	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	149	49	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	149	50	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	149	51	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	149	52	churches	church	NOUN
ape-5070	149	53	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	54	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	55	individual	individual	ADJ
ape-5070	149	56	resources	resource	NOUN
ape-5070	149	57	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	58	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	149	59	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	149	60	time	time	NOUN
ape-5070	149	61	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	149	62	skills	skill	NOUN
ape-5070	149	63	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	64	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	149	65	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ape-5070	149	66	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	67	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	149	68	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	149	69	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	149	70	interest	interest	NOUN
ape-5070	149	71	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	149	72	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	149	73	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	74	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	75	norris	norris	PROPN
ape-5070	149	76	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	77	2002	2002	NUM
ape-5070	149	78	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	149	79	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	150	1	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	150	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	150	3	pointing	point	VERB
ape-5070	150	4	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	150	5	a	a	DET
ape-5070	150	6	single	single	ADJ
ape-5070	150	7	factor	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	150	8	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	150	9	causing	cause	VERB
ape-5070	150	10	a	a	DET
ape-5070	150	11	person	person	NOUN
ape-5070	150	12	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	150	13	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	150	14	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	150	15	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-5070	150	16	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	150	17	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	150	18	would	would	AUX
ape-5070	150	19	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	150	20	a	a	DET
ape-5070	150	21	vast	vast	ADJ
ape-5070	150	22	oversimplification	oversimplification	NOUN
ape-5070	150	23	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	150	24	harder	hard	ADJ
ape-5070	150	25	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	150	26	krosnick	krosnick	PROPN
ape-5070	150	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	150	28	2008	2008	NUM
ape-5070	150	29	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	150	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	151	1	different	different	ADJ
ape-5070	151	2	explanatory	explanatory	ADJ
ape-5070	151	3	models	model	NOUN
ape-5070	151	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	151	5	including	include	VERB
ape-5070	151	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	151	7	sociological	sociological	ADJ
ape-5070	151	8	model	model	NOUN
ape-5070	151	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	151	10	rational	rational	ADJ
ape-5070	151	11	choice	choice	NOUN
ape-5070	151	12	model	model	NOUN
ape-5070	151	13	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	151	14	clientelism	clientelism	NOUN
ape-5070	151	15	model	model	NOUN
ape-5070	151	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	151	17	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	151	18	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	151	19	drawn	draw	VERB
ape-5070	151	20	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	151	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	151	22	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	151	23	science	science	NOUN
ape-5070	151	24	literature	literature	NOUN
ape-5070	151	25	to	to	PART
ape-5070	151	26	assess	assess	VERB
ape-5070	151	27	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	151	28	factors	factor	VERB
ape-5070	151	29	influence	influence	VERB
ape-5070	151	30	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	151	31	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	151	32	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	151	33	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	151	34	an	an	DET
ape-5070	151	35	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	151	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	152	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	152	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ape-5070	152	3	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	152	4	this	this	PRON
ape-5070	152	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	152	6	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	152	7	models	model	NOUN
ape-5070	152	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	152	9	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	152	10	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	152	11	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	152	12	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	152	13	employed	employ	VERB
ape-5070	152	14	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	152	15	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	152	16	scientists	scientist	NOUN
ape-5070	152	17	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	152	18	an	an	DET
ape-5070	152	19	attempt	attempt	NOUN
ape-5070	152	20	to	to	PART
ape-5070	152	21	explain	explain	VERB
ape-5070	152	22	the	the	DET
ape-5070	152	23	different	different	ADJ
ape-5070	152	24	motivations	motivation	NOUN
ape-5070	152	25	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	152	26	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	152	27	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	152	28	retrospective	retrospective	ADJ
ape-5070	152	29	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	152	30	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	152	31	prospective	prospective	ADJ
ape-5070	152	32	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	152	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	152	34	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	152	35	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	152	36	line	line	NOUN
ape-5070	152	37	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	152	38	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	153	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	153	2	spite	spite	NOUN
ape-5070	153	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	153	4	these	these	DET
ape-5070	153	5	age	age	NOUN
ape-5070	153	6	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	153	7	long	long	ADJ
ape-5070	153	8	motivations	motivation	NOUN
ape-5070	153	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	153	10	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	153	11	’	’	PART
ape-5070	153	12	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	153	13	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	153	14	become	become	VERB
ape-5070	153	15	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
ape-5070	153	16	serious	serious	ADJ
ape-5070	153	17	globally	globally	ADV
ape-5070	153	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	153	19	indicative	indicative	ADJ
ape-5070	153	20	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	153	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	153	22	need	need	NOUN
ape-5070	153	23	to	to	PART
ape-5070	153	24	build	build	VERB
ape-5070	153	25	a	a	DET
ape-5070	153	26	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
ape-5070	153	27	society	society	NOUN
ape-5070	153	28	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	153	29	minimal	minimal	ADJ
ape-5070	153	30	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	153	31	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	153	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	154	1	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	154	2	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	154	3	may	may	AUX
ape-5070	154	4	indicate	indicate	VERB
ape-5070	154	5	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	154	6	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	154	7	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	154	8	not	not	PART
ape-5070	154	9	meeting	meet	VERB
ape-5070	154	10	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	154	11	’	’	PART
ape-5070	154	12	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ape-5070	154	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	154	14	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	154	15	earlier	early	ADV
ape-5070	154	16	alluded	allude	VERB
ape-5070	154	17	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	154	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	155	1	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	155	2	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	155	3	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	155	4	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	155	5	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	155	6	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	155	7	seen	see	VERB
ape-5070	155	8	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	155	9	an	an	DET
ape-5070	155	10	indicator	indicator	NOUN
ape-5070	155	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	155	12	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	155	13	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ape-5070	155	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	155	15	limited	limited	ADJ
ape-5070	155	16	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	155	17	stability	stability	NOUN
ape-5070	155	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	156	1	as	as	ADV
ape-5070	156	2	rightly	rightly	ADV
ape-5070	156	3	observed	observe	VERB
ape-5070	156	4	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	156	5	tucker	tucker	PROPN
ape-5070	156	6	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	156	7	2004	2004	NUM
ape-5070	156	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	156	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	156	10	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	156	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	156	12	lower	low	ADJ
ape-5070	156	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	156	14	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	156	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	156	16	the	the	PRON
ape-5070	156	17	greater	great	ADJ
ape-5070	156	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	156	19	chance	chance	NOUN
ape-5070	156	20	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	156	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	156	22	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	156	23	result	result	NOUN
ape-5070	156	24	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	156	25	not	not	PART
ape-5070	156	26	the	the	DET
ape-5070	156	27	outcome	outcome	NOUN
ape-5070	156	28	preferred	prefer	VERB
ape-5070	156	29	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	156	30	the	the	DET
ape-5070	156	31	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	156	32	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	156	33	potential	potential	ADJ
ape-5070	156	34	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	156	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	157	1	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	157	2	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	157	3	makes	make	VERB
ape-5070	157	4	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	157	5	possible	possible	ADJ
ape-5070	157	6	for	for	SCONJ
ape-5070	157	7	minorities	minority	NOUN
ape-5070	157	8	to	to	PART
ape-5070	157	9	defeat	defeat	VERB
ape-5070	157	10	majorities	majority	NOUN
ape-5070	157	11	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	157	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	158	1	overtime	overtime	NOUN
ape-5070	158	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	158	3	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	158	4	become	become	VERB
ape-5070	158	5	bored	bored	ADJ
ape-5070	158	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	158	7	alienated	alienated	ADJ
ape-5070	158	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	158	9	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	158	10	mistrustful	mistrustful	ADJ
ape-5070	158	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	158	12	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	158	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	159	1	usually	usually	ADV
ape-5070	159	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	159	3	competitive	competitive	ADJ
ape-5070	159	4	races	race	NOUN
ape-5070	159	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	159	6	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	159	7	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	159	8	the	the	DET
ape-5070	159	9	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	159	10	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ape-5070	159	11	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	159	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	159	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	159	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	159	15	encourage	encourage	VERB
ape-5070	159	16	higher	high	ADJ
ape-5070	159	17	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	159	18	because	because	SCONJ
ape-5070	159	19	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	159	20	realize	realize	VERB
ape-5070	159	21	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	159	22	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	159	23	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	159	24	make	make	VERB
ape-5070	159	25	a	a	DET
ape-5070	159	26	decisive	decisive	ADJ
ape-5070	159	27	difference	difference	NOUN
ape-5070	159	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	160	1	ironically	ironically	ADV
ape-5070	160	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	160	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	160	4	reverse	reverse	NOUN
ape-5070	160	5	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	160	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	160	7	case	case	NOUN
ape-5070	160	8	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	160	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	160	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	161	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	161	2	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
ape-5070	161	3	noted	note	VERB
ape-5070	161	4	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	161	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	161	6	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	161	7	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	161	8	factbook	factbook	NOUN
ape-5070	161	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	161	10	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	161	11	):	):	PUNCT
ape-5070	161	12	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	161	13	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	161	14	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	161	15	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	161	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	161	17	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	161	18	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	161	19	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	162	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	162	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	162	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	162	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	162	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	162	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	162	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	162	8	87	87	NUM
ape-5070	162	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	162	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	162	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	162	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	162	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	163	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	163	2	history	history	NOUN
ape-5070	163	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	163	4	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	163	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	163	6	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	163	7	state	state	NOUN
ape-5070	163	8	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	163	9	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	163	10	characterized	characterize	VERB
ape-5070	163	11	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	163	12	threats	threat	NOUN
ape-5070	163	13	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	163	14	statehood	statehood	NOUN
ape-5070	163	15	based	base	VERB
ape-5070	163	16	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	163	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	163	18	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ape-5070	163	19	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	163	20	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
ape-5070	163	21	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	163	22	a	a	DET
ape-5070	163	23	divisive	divisive	ADJ
ape-5070	163	24	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
ape-5070	163	25	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	163	26	the	the	DET
ape-5070	163	27	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
ape-5070	163	28	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	163	29	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	163	30	power	power	NOUN
ape-5070	163	31	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	163	32	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	163	33	actors	actor	NOUN
ape-5070	163	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	163	35	the	the	DET
ape-5070	163	36	fragile	fragile	ADJ
ape-5070	163	37	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-5070	163	38	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	163	39	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	163	40	cum	cum	NOUN
ape-5070	163	41	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	163	42	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-5070	163	43	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	163	44	acquainted	acquaint	VERB
ape-5070	163	45	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	163	46	poor	poor	ADJ
ape-5070	163	47	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	163	48	culture	culture	NOUN
ape-5070	163	49	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	163	50	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	163	51	citizen	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	163	52	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	164	1	this	this	DET
ape-5070	164	2	section	section	NOUN
ape-5070	164	3	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	164	4	focus	focus	VERB
ape-5070	164	5	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	164	6	some	some	PRON
ape-5070	164	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	164	8	the	the	DET
ape-5070	164	9	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	164	10	precipitating	precipitate	VERB
ape-5070	164	11	abstinence	abstinence	NOUN
ape-5070	164	12	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	164	13	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	164	14	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	164	15	observed	observe	VERB
ape-5070	164	16	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	164	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	164	18	years	year	NOUN
ape-5070	164	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	165	1	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	165	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	165	3	going	go	VERB
ape-5070	165	4	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	165	5	previous	previous	ADJ
ape-5070	165	6	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	165	7	since	since	SCONJ
ape-5070	165	8	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	165	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	165	10	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	165	11	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	165	12	obvious	obvious	ADJ
ape-5070	165	13	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	165	14	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	165	15	are	be	VERB
ape-5070	165	16	unnecessary	unnecessary	ADJ
ape-5070	165	17	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ape-5070	165	18	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	165	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	165	20	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	165	21	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	165	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	165	23	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	165	24	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	165	25	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	165	26	continually	continually	ADV
ape-5070	165	27	prevent	prevent	VERB
ape-5070	165	28	would	would	AUX
ape-5070	165	29	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	165	30	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	165	31	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	165	32	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	165	33	casting	cast	VERB
ape-5070	165	34	ballots	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	165	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	166	1	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	166	2	must	must	AUX
ape-5070	166	3	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	166	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
ape-5070	166	5	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	166	6	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ape-5070	166	7	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	166	8	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
ape-5070	166	9	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	166	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	166	11	furthering	further	VERB
ape-5070	166	12	development	development	NOUN
ape-5070	166	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	166	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	166	15	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	166	16	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	166	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	166	18	individual	individual	ADJ
ape-5070	166	19	security	security	NOUN
ape-5070	166	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	167	1	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	167	2	all	all	DET
ape-5070	167	3	indications	indication	NOUN
ape-5070	167	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	167	5	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	167	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	167	7	prevailing	prevail	VERB
ape-5070	167	8	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	167	9	failures	failure	NOUN
ape-5070	167	10	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	167	11	meeting	meet	VERB
ape-5070	167	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	167	13	aspirations	aspiration	NOUN
ape-5070	167	14	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	167	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	167	16	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	167	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	167	18	potential	potential	ADJ
ape-5070	167	19	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	167	20	feel	feel	VERB
ape-5070	167	21	alienated	alienated	ADJ
ape-5070	167	22	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	167	23	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	167	24	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	167	25	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	167	26	is	be	VERB
ape-5070	167	27	a	a	DET
ape-5070	167	28	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-5070	167	29	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	167	30	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	167	31	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	167	32	those	those	PRON
ape-5070	167	33	representing	represent	VERB
ape-5070	167	34	them	they	PRON
ape-5070	167	35	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	167	36	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	167	37	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	167	38	coupled	couple	VERB
ape-5070	167	39	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	167	40	the	the	DET
ape-5070	167	41	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	167	42	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	167	43	declining	decline	VERB
ape-5070	167	44	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ape-5070	167	45	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	167	46	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-5070	167	47	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	168	1	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	168	2	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	168	3	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	168	4	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	168	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	168	6	least	least	ADJ
ape-5070	168	7	trusted	trust	VERB
ape-5070	168	8	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-5070	168	9	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	168	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	168	11	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	168	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	169	1	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	169	2	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	169	3	mostly	mostly	ADV
ape-5070	169	4	distrusted	distrust	VERB
ape-5070	169	5	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	169	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	169	7	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	169	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	170	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	170	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	170	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	170	4	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	170	5	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	170	6	likely	likely	ADJ
ape-5070	170	7	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	170	8	the	the	DET
ape-5070	170	9	largest	large	ADJ
ape-5070	170	10	contributing	contribute	VERB
ape-5070	170	11	factor	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	170	12	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	170	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	170	14	extremely	extremely	ADV
ape-5070	170	15	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	170	16	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	170	17	was	be	AUX
ape-5070	170	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	170	19	feeling	feeling	NOUN
ape-5070	170	20	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	170	21	whoever	whoever	PRON
ape-5070	170	22	won	win	VERB
ape-5070	170	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	170	24	nothing	nothing	PRON
ape-5070	170	25	would	would	AUX
ape-5070	170	26	change	change	VERB
ape-5070	170	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	171	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	171	2	system	system	NOUN
ape-5070	171	3	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	171	4	so	so	ADV
ape-5070	171	5	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ape-5070	171	6	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	171	7	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	171	8	makes	make	VERB
ape-5070	171	9	no	no	DET
ape-5070	171	10	difference	difference	NOUN
ape-5070	171	11	whether	whether	SCONJ
ape-5070	171	12	x	x	PUNCT
ape-5070	171	13	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	171	14	y	y	PROPN
ape-5070	171	15	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	171	16	president	president	NOUN
ape-5070	171	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	172	1	pew	pew	NOUN
ape-5070	172	2	research	research	NOUN
ape-5070	172	3	conducted	conduct	VERB
ape-5070	172	4	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	172	5	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	172	6	showed	show	VERB
ape-5070	172	7	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	172	8	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	172	9	39	39	NUM
ape-5070	172	10	percent	percent	NOUN
ape-5070	172	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	172	12	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-5070	172	13	were	be	AUX
ape-5070	172	14	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ
ape-5070	172	15	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	172	16	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	172	17	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	172	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	172	19	72	72	NUM
ape-5070	172	20	percent	percent	NOUN
ape-5070	172	21	said	say	VERB
ape-5070	172	22	most	most	ADJ
ape-5070	172	23	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	172	24	were	be	AUX
ape-5070	172	25	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
ape-5070	172	26	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	172	27	57	57	NUM
ape-5070	172	28	percent	percent	NOUN
ape-5070	172	29	said	say	VERB
ape-5070	172	30	no	no	ADV
ape-5070	172	31	matter	matter	ADV
ape-5070	172	32	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	172	33	wins	win	VERB
ape-5070	172	34	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	172	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	172	36	things	thing	NOUN
ape-5070	172	37	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	172	38	not	not	PART
ape-5070	172	39	change	change	VERB
ape-5070	172	40	much	much	ADJ
ape-5070	172	41	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	173	1	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	173	2	38	38	NUM
ape-5070	173	3	percent	percent	NOUN
ape-5070	173	4	felt	feel	VERB
ape-5070	173	5	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	173	6	elected	elect	VERB
ape-5070	173	7	officials	official	NOUN
ape-5070	173	8	cared	care	VERB
ape-5070	173	9	what	what	PRON
ape-5070	173	10	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	173	11	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
ape-5070	173	12	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	173	13	think	think	VERB
ape-5070	173	14	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	173	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	173	16	adekoya	adekoya	NOUN
ape-5070	173	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	173	18	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	173	19	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	173	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	174	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	174	2	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ape-5070	174	3	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	174	4	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	174	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	174	6	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	174	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	174	8	public	public	ADJ
ape-5070	174	9	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-5070	174	10	progressively	progressively	ADV
ape-5070	174	11	declined	decline	VERB
ape-5070	174	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	174	13	so	so	ADV
ape-5070	174	14	too	too	ADV
ape-5070	174	15	has	have	VERB
ape-5070	174	16	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	174	17	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	174	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	175	1	going	go	VERB
ape-5070	175	2	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	175	3	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	175	4	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	175	5	psychological	psychological	ADJ
ape-5070	175	6	disposition	disposition	NOUN
ape-5070	175	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	175	8	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	175	9	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	175	10	measured	measure	VERB
ape-5070	175	11	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	175	12	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	175	13	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
ape-5070	175	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	175	15	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	175	16	interest	interest	NOUN
ape-5070	175	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	175	18	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	175	19	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	175	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	175	21	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ape-5070	175	22	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	175	23	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	175	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	175	25	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	175	26	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	175	27	obvious	obvious	ADJ
ape-5070	175	28	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	175	29	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	175	30	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	175	31	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	175	32	not	not	PART
ape-5070	175	33	felt	feel	VERB
ape-5070	175	34	any	any	DET
ape-5070	175	35	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ape-5070	175	36	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	175	37	all	all	DET
ape-5070	175	38	these	these	DET
ape-5070	175	39	criteria	criterion	NOUN
ape-5070	175	40	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	176	1	generally	generally	ADV
ape-5070	176	2	speaking	speak	VERB
ape-5070	176	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	176	4	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	176	5	research	research	NOUN
ape-5070	176	6	considers	consider	VERB
ape-5070	176	7	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	176	8	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	176	9	to	to	PART
ape-5070	176	10	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	176	11	a	a	DET
ape-5070	176	12	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
ape-5070	176	13	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	176	14	a	a	DET
ape-5070	176	15	healthy	healthy	ADJ
ape-5070	176	16	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	176	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	177	1	a	a	DET
ape-5070	177	2	sense	sense	NOUN
ape-5070	177	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	177	4	fairness	fairness	NOUN
ape-5070	177	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	177	6	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	177	7	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	177	8	both	both	DET
ape-5070	177	9	others	other	NOUN
ape-5070	177	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	177	11	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-5070	177	12	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	177	13	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ape-5070	177	14	prerequisites	prerequisite	NOUN
ape-5070	177	15	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	177	16	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	177	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	177	18	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	177	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	178	1	this	this	PRON
ape-5070	178	2	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	178	3	obviously	obviously	ADV
ape-5070	178	4	absent	absent	ADJ
ape-5070	178	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	178	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	178	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	179	1	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	179	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	179	3	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	179	4	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	179	5	a	a	DET
ape-5070	179	6	high	high	ADJ
ape-5070	179	7	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	179	8	stakes	stake	NOUN
ape-5070	179	9	game	game	NOUN
ape-5070	179	10	anywhere	anywhere	ADV
ape-5070	179	11	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	179	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	179	13	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ape-5070	179	14	the	the	DET
ape-5070	179	15	rewards	reward	NOUN
ape-5070	179	16	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	179	17	victory	victory	NOUN
ape-5070	179	18	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	179	19	particularly	particularly	ADV
ape-5070	179	20	high	high	ADJ
ape-5070	179	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	180	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	180	2	violent	violent	ADJ
ape-5070	180	3	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-5070	180	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	180	5	electioneering	electioneer	VERB
ape-5070	180	6	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	180	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	180	8	entrenched	entrench	VERB
ape-5070	180	9	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	180	10	a	a	DET
ape-5070	180	11	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	180	12	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	180	13	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	180	14	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	180	15	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	180	16	die	die	VERB
ape-5070	180	17	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	180	18	mentality	mentality	NOUN
ape-5070	180	19	remains	remain	VERB
ape-5070	180	20	a	a	DET
ape-5070	180	21	cogent	cogent	NOUN
ape-5070	180	22	dissuader	dissuader	NOUN
ape-5070	180	23	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	180	24	prospective	prospective	ADJ
ape-5070	180	25	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	180	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	181	1	do	do	VERB
ape-5070	181	2	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	181	3	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	181	4	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	181	5	die	die	VERB
ape-5070	181	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	181	7	a	a	DET
ape-5070	181	8	concept	concept	NOUN
ape-5070	181	9	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	181	10	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	181	11	often	often	ADV
ape-5070	181	12	invoked	invoke	VERB
ape-5070	181	13	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	181	14	popular	popular	ADJ
ape-5070	181	15	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	181	16	discourse	discourse	NOUN
ape-5070	181	17	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	181	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	181	19	to	to	PART
ape-5070	181	20	describe	describe	VERB
ape-5070	181	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	181	22	distinct	distinct	ADJ
ape-5070	181	23	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	181	24	alarming	alarming	ADJ
ape-5070	181	25	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-5070	181	26	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	181	27	the	the	DET
ape-5070	181	28	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	181	29	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	181	30	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	181	31	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	181	32	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
ape-5070	181	33	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	181	34	the	the	DET
ape-5070	181	35	desperation	desperation	NOUN
ape-5070	181	36	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	181	37	the	the	DET
ape-5070	181	38	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	181	39	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	181	40	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	181	41	supporters	supporter	NOUN
ape-5070	181	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	181	43	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	181	44	antithetical	antithetical	ADJ
ape-5070	181	45	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	181	46	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	181	47	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	181	48	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	182	1	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	182	2	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	182	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	182	4	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	182	5	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	182	6	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	182	7	date	date	NOUN
ape-5070	182	8	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	182	9	continued	continue	VERB
ape-5070	182	10	to	to	PART
ape-5070	182	11	recycle	recycle	VERB
ape-5070	182	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	182	13	vicious	vicious	ADJ
ape-5070	182	14	violence	violence	NOUN
ape-5070	182	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	182	16	unimaginable	unimaginable	ADJ
ape-5070	182	17	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ape-5070	182	18	especially	especially	ADV
ape-5070	182	19	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	182	20	the	the	DET
ape-5070	182	21	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	182	22	elites	elite	NOUN
ape-5070	182	23	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	182	24	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	182	25	than	than	ADP
ape-5070	182	26	800	800	NUM
ape-5070	182	27	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	182	28	were	be	AUX
ape-5070	182	29	killed	kill	VERB
ape-5070	182	30	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	182	31	2011	2011	NUM
ape-5070	182	32	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	182	33	post	post	ADJ
ape-5070	182	34	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	182	35	election	election	ADJ
ape-5070	182	36	protests	protest	NOUN
ape-5070	182	37	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	182	38	the	the	DET
ape-5070	182	39	north	north	NOUN
ape-5070	182	40	after	after	SCONJ
ape-5070	182	41	buhari	buhari	X
ape-5070	182	42	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	182	43	defeat	defeat	NOUN
ape-5070	182	44	that	that	DET
ape-5070	182	45	year	year	NOUN
ape-5070	182	46	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	182	47	human	human	ADJ
ape-5070	182	48	rights	right	NOUN
ape-5070	182	49	watch	watch	NOUN
ape-5070	182	50	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	182	51	2012	2012	NUM
ape-5070	182	52	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	182	53	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	183	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	183	2	2015	2015	NUM
ape-5070	183	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	183	4	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	183	5	than	than	ADP
ape-5070	183	6	160	160	NUM
ape-5070	183	7	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	183	8	were	be	AUX
ape-5070	183	9	killed	kill	VERB
ape-5070	183	10	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	183	11	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	183	12	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	183	13	related	relate	VERB
ape-5070	183	14	violence	violence	NOUN
ape-5070	183	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	183	16	european	european	PROPN
ape-5070	183	17	union	union	PROPN
ape-5070	183	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	183	19	2016	2016	NUM
ape-5070	183	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	183	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	184	1	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	184	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	184	3	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	184	4	were	be	VERB
ape-5070	184	5	cases	case	NOUN
ape-5070	184	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	184	7	violence	violence	NOUN
ape-5070	184	8	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	184	9	some	some	DET
ape-5070	184	10	states	state	NOUN
ape-5070	184	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	184	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	184	13	build	build	NOUN
ape-5070	184	14	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	184	15	up	up	NOUN
ape-5070	184	16	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	184	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	184	18	during	during	ADP
ape-5070	184	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	184	20	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	184	21	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	184	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	184	23	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	184	24	may	may	AUX
ape-5070	184	25	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	184	26	hindered	hinder	VERB
ape-5070	184	27	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	184	28	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	184	29	exercising	exercise	VERB
ape-5070	184	30	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	184	31	franchise	franchise	NOUN
ape-5070	184	32	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	184	33	adedigba	adedigba	ADJ
ape-5070	184	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	184	35	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	184	36	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	184	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	185	1	looking	look	VERB
ape-5070	185	2	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	185	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	185	4	history	history	NOUN
ape-5070	185	5	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	185	6	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	185	7	violence	violence	NOUN
ape-5070	185	8	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	185	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	185	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	185	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	185	12	crisis	crisis	NOUN
ape-5070	185	13	group	group	NOUN
ape-5070	185	14	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	185	15	its	its	PRON
ape-5070	185	16	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	185	17	report	report	NOUN
ape-5070	185	18	stated	state	VERB
ape-5070	185	19	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	185	20	about	about	ADP
ape-5070	185	21	4,000	4,000	NUM
ape-5070	185	22	lives	life	NOUN
ape-5070	185	23	were	be	AUX
ape-5070	185	24	lost	lose	VERB
ape-5070	185	25	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	185	26	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	185	27	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	185	28	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	185	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	185	30	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	185	31	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	185	32	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	186	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	186	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	186	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	186	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	186	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	186	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	186	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	186	8	88	88	NUM
ape-5070	186	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	186	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	186	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	186	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	186	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	187	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	187	2	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	187	3	conducted	conduct	VERB
ape-5070	187	4	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	187	5	2006	2006	NUM
ape-5070	187	6	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	187	7	2015	2015	NUM
ape-5070	187	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	187	9	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	187	10	casualty	casualty	NOUN
ape-5070	187	11	levels	level	NOUN
ape-5070	187	12	increasing	increase	VERB
ape-5070	187	13	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	187	14	each	each	DET
ape-5070	187	15	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	187	16	cycle	cycle	NOUN
ape-5070	187	17	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	187	18	fadesere	fadesere	ADV
ape-5070	187	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	187	20	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	187	21	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	187	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	188	1	due	due	ADP
ape-5070	188	2	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	188	3	lapses	lapse	NOUN
ape-5070	188	4	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	188	5	security	security	NOUN
ape-5070	188	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	188	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ape-5070	188	8	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	188	9	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	188	10	snatching	snatch	VERB
ape-5070	188	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	188	12	ballot	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	188	13	boxes	box	NOUN
ape-5070	188	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	188	15	destruction	destruction	NOUN
ape-5070	188	16	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	188	17	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	188	18	materials	material	NOUN
ape-5070	188	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	188	20	under	under	ADP
ape-5070	188	21	age	age	NOUN
ape-5070	188	22	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	188	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	188	24	inability	inability	NOUN
ape-5070	188	25	to	to	PART
ape-5070	188	26	conduct	conduct	VERB
ape-5070	188	27	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	188	28	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	188	29	polling	polling	NOUN
ape-5070	188	30	areas	area	NOUN
ape-5070	188	31	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	188	32	attack	attack	NOUN
ape-5070	188	33	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	188	34	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	188	35	officers	officer	NOUN
ape-5070	188	36	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	188	37	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	188	38	polling	polling	NOUN
ape-5070	188	39	units	unit	NOUN
ape-5070	188	40	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	188	41	ajala	ajala	NOUN
ape-5070	188	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	188	43	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	188	44	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	188	45	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	188	46	regular	regular	ADJ
ape-5070	188	47	occurrences	occurrence	NOUN
ape-5070	188	48	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	188	49	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	188	50	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	189	1	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	189	2	usual	usual	ADJ
ape-5070	189	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	189	4	international	international	ADJ
ape-5070	189	5	attention	attention	NOUN
ape-5070	189	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	189	7	monitors	monitor	NOUN
ape-5070	189	8	were	be	AUX
ape-5070	189	9	unable	unable	ADJ
ape-5070	189	10	to	to	PART
ape-5070	189	11	discourage	discourage	VERB
ape-5070	189	12	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	189	13	violence	violence	NOUN
ape-5070	189	14	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	189	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	189	16	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	189	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	190	1	all	all	PRON
ape-5070	190	2	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	190	3	this	this	DET
ape-5070	190	4	breeds	breed	NOUN
ape-5070	190	5	despair	despair	NOUN
ape-5070	190	6	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	190	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	190	8	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	190	9	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	190	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	190	11	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	190	12	begins	begin	VERB
ape-5070	190	13	to	to	PART
ape-5070	190	14	question	question	VERB
ape-5070	190	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	190	16	logic	logic	NOUN
ape-5070	190	17	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	190	18	partaking	partake	VERB
ape-5070	190	19	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	190	20	this	this	DET
ape-5070	190	21	quadrennial	quadrennial	ADJ
ape-5070	190	22	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	190	23	ritual	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	190	24	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	190	25	fadesere	fadesere	ADV
ape-5070	190	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	190	27	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	190	28	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	190	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	191	1	three	three	NUM
ape-5070	191	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	191	3	a	a	DET
ape-5070	191	4	large	large	ADJ
ape-5070	191	5	segment	segment	NOUN
ape-5070	191	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	191	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	191	8	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	191	9	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	191	10	does	do	AUX
ape-5070	191	11	not	not	PART
ape-5070	191	12	identify	identify	VERB
ape-5070	191	13	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	191	14	any	any	DET
ape-5070	191	15	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	191	16	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	191	17	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	191	18	terms	term	NOUN
ape-5070	191	19	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	191	20	membership	membership	NOUN
ape-5070	191	21	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	191	22	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	191	23	usually	usually	ADV
ape-5070	191	24	express	express	VERB
ape-5070	191	25	sympathy	sympathy	NOUN
ape-5070	191	26	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	191	27	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	191	28	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	191	29	candidates	candidate	NOUN
ape-5070	191	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	192	1	one	one	PRON
ape-5070	192	2	would	would	AUX
ape-5070	192	3	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	192	4	thought	think	VERB
ape-5070	192	5	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	192	6	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	192	7	expression	expression	NOUN
ape-5070	192	8	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	192	9	translate	translate	VERB
ape-5070	192	10	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	192	11	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	192	12	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	192	13	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	192	14	day	day	NOUN
ape-5070	192	15	given	give	VERB
ape-5070	192	16	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	192	17	turning	turn	VERB
ape-5070	192	18	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	192	19	to	to	PART
ape-5070	192	20	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	192	21	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	192	22	an	an	DET
ape-5070	192	23	expression	expression	NOUN
ape-5070	192	24	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	192	25	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	192	26	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	192	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	192	28	determination	determination	NOUN
ape-5070	192	29	to	to	PART
ape-5070	192	30	make	make	VERB
ape-5070	192	31	a	a	DET
ape-5070	192	32	statement	statement	NOUN
ape-5070	192	33	through	through	ADP
ape-5070	192	34	ballots	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	192	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	193	1	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	193	2	identification	identification	NOUN
ape-5070	193	3	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	193	4	typically	typically	ADV
ape-5070	193	5	determined	determine	VERB
ape-5070	193	6	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	193	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	193	8	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	193	9	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	193	10	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	193	11	an	an	DET
ape-5070	193	12	individual	individual	ADJ
ape-5070	193	13	most	most	ADV
ape-5070	193	14	commonly	commonly	ADV
ape-5070	193	15	supports	support	VERB
ape-5070	193	16	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	193	17	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	193	18	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	193	19	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	193	20	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	193	21	means	mean	NOUN
ape-5070	193	22	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	193	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	194	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	194	2	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	194	3	words	word	NOUN
ape-5070	194	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	194	5	those	those	DET
ape-5070	194	6	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	194	7	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	194	8	identify	identify	VERB
ape-5070	194	9	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	194	10	a	a	DET
ape-5070	194	11	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	194	12	tend	tend	VERB
ape-5070	194	13	to	to	PART
ape-5070	194	14	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	194	15	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	194	16	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	194	17	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	194	18	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	194	19	candidate	candidate	NOUN
ape-5070	194	20	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	194	21	various	various	ADJ
ape-5070	194	22	offices	office	NOUN
ape-5070	194	23	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	194	24	high	high	ADJ
ape-5070	194	25	percentages	percentage	NOUN
ape-5070	194	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	195	1	some	some	PRON
ape-5070	195	2	argue	argue	VERB
ape-5070	195	3	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	195	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	195	5	availability	availability	NOUN
ape-5070	195	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	195	7	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	195	8	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	195	9	gives	give	VERB
ape-5070	195	10	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	195	11	options	option	NOUN
ape-5070	195	12	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	195	13	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	195	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	195	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	195	16	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	195	17	increases	increase	VERB
ape-5070	195	18	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	195	19	desire	desire	NOUN
ape-5070	195	20	to	to	PART
ape-5070	195	21	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	195	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	196	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	196	2	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	196	3	posited	posit	VERB
ape-5070	196	4	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	196	5	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	196	6	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	196	7	identify	identify	VERB
ape-5070	196	8	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	196	9	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	196	10	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	196	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	196	12	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	196	13	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	196	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	196	15	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	196	16	feel	feel	VERB
ape-5070	196	17	attached	attached	ADJ
ape-5070	196	18	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	196	19	them	they	PRON
ape-5070	196	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	196	21	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	196	22	much	much	ADV
ape-5070	196	23	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	196	24	likely	likely	ADJ
ape-5070	196	25	to	to	PART
ape-5070	196	26	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	196	27	than	than	ADP
ape-5070	196	28	those	those	PRON
ape-5070	196	29	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	196	30	do	do	VERB
ape-5070	196	31	not	not	PART
ape-5070	196	32	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	196	33	mortimore	mortimore	NOUN
ape-5070	196	34	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	196	35	gill	gill	PROPN
ape-5070	196	36	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	196	37	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	196	38	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	196	39	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	197	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ape-5070	197	2	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	197	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	197	4	literature	literature	NOUN
ape-5070	197	5	suggests	suggest	VERB
ape-5070	197	6	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	197	7	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	197	8	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	197	9	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	197	10	a	a	DET
ape-5070	197	11	key	key	ADJ
ape-5070	197	12	role	role	NOUN
ape-5070	197	13	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	197	14	encouraging	encourage	VERB
ape-5070	197	15	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	197	16	to	to	PART
ape-5070	197	17	turn	turn	VERB
ape-5070	197	18	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	197	19	to	to	PART
ape-5070	197	20	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	197	21	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	197	22	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
ape-5070	197	23	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	197	24	matters	matter	VERB
ape-5070	197	25	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	197	26	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	197	27	wins	win	VERB
ape-5070	197	28	the	the	DET
ape-5070	197	29	next	next	ADJ
ape-5070	197	30	general	general	ADJ
ape-5070	197	31	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	197	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	197	33	through	through	ADP
ape-5070	197	34	making	make	VERB
ape-5070	197	35	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	197	36	easier	easy	ADJ
ape-5070	197	37	for	for	SCONJ
ape-5070	197	38	the	the	DET
ape-5070	197	39	public	public	NOUN
ape-5070	197	40	to	to	PART
ape-5070	197	41	discriminate	discriminate	VERB
ape-5070	197	42	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	197	43	the	the	DET
ape-5070	197	44	main	main	ADJ
ape-5070	197	45	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	197	46	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	197	47	mortimore	mortimore	NOUN
ape-5070	197	48	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	197	49	gill	gill	PROPN
ape-5070	197	50	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	197	51	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	197	52	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	197	53	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	198	1	even	even	ADV
ape-5070	198	2	when	when	SCONJ
ape-5070	198	3	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	198	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	198	5	all	all	DET
ape-5070	198	6	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	198	7	recognise	recognise	VERB
ape-5070	198	8	the	the	DET
ape-5070	198	9	seriousness	seriousness	NOUN
ape-5070	198	10	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	198	11	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	198	12	turnouts	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	198	13	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	198	14	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	198	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	198	16	little	little	ADJ
ape-5070	198	17	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	198	18	being	be	AUX
ape-5070	198	19	done	do	VERB
ape-5070	198	20	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	198	21	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	198	22	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	198	23	to	to	PART
ape-5070	198	24	effect	effect	VERB
ape-5070	198	25	changes	change	NOUN
ape-5070	198	26	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	198	27	than	than	ADP
ape-5070	198	28	the	the	DET
ape-5070	198	29	usual	usual	ADJ
ape-5070	198	30	jamboree	jamboree	NOUN
ape-5070	198	31	during	during	ADP
ape-5070	198	32	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	198	33	period	period	NOUN
ape-5070	198	34	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	198	35	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	198	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	199	1	contrary	contrary	ADJ
ape-5070	199	2	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	199	3	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ape-5070	199	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	199	5	apart	apart	ADV
ape-5070	199	6	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	199	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	199	8	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	199	9	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ape-5070	199	10	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	199	11	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	199	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	199	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	199	14	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	199	15	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ape-5070	199	16	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	199	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	199	18	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	199	19	participating	participate	VERB
ape-5070	199	20	71	71	NUM
ape-5070	199	21	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	199	22	could	could	AUX
ape-5070	199	23	not	not	PART
ape-5070	199	24	garner	garner	VERB
ape-5070	199	25	a	a	DET
ape-5070	199	26	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	199	27	votes	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	199	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	200	1	four	four	NUM
ape-5070	200	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	200	3	just	just	ADV
ape-5070	200	4	hours	hour	NOUN
ape-5070	200	5	before	before	SCONJ
ape-5070	200	6	polls	poll	NOUN
ape-5070	200	7	were	be	AUX
ape-5070	200	8	scheduled	schedule	VERB
ape-5070	200	9	to	to	PART
ape-5070	200	10	open	open	VERB
ape-5070	200	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	200	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	200	13	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	200	14	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	200	15	independent	independent	ADJ
ape-5070	200	16	national	national	PROPN
ape-5070	200	17	electoral	electoral	PROPN
ape-5070	200	18	commission	commission	PROPN
ape-5070	200	19	postponed	postpone	VERB
ape-5070	200	20	the	the	DET
ape-5070	200	21	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	200	22	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	200	23	a	a	DET
ape-5070	200	24	week	week	NOUN
ape-5070	200	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	201	1	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	201	2	then	then	ADV
ape-5070	201	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	201	4	thousands	thousand	NOUN
ape-5070	201	5	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	201	6	registered	register	VERB
ape-5070	201	7	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	201	8	had	have	AUX
ape-5070	201	9	made	make	VERB
ape-5070	201	10	long	long	ADJ
ape-5070	201	11	journeys	journey	NOUN
ape-5070	201	12	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	201	13	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	201	14	home	home	NOUN
ape-5070	201	15	districts	district	NOUN
ape-5070	201	16	to	to	PART
ape-5070	201	17	cast	cast	VERB
ape-5070	201	18	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	201	19	ballots	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	201	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	201	21	literally	literally	ADV
ape-5070	201	22	could	could	AUX
ape-5070	201	23	not	not	PART
ape-5070	201	24	afford	afford	VERB
ape-5070	201	25	to	to	PART
ape-5070	201	26	wait	wait	VERB
ape-5070	201	27	idle	idle	ADJ
ape-5070	201	28	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	201	29	another	another	DET
ape-5070	201	30	week	week	NOUN
ape-5070	201	31	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	201	32	ilo	ilo	PROPN
ape-5070	201	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	201	34	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	201	35	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	201	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	202	1	given	give	VERB
ape-5070	202	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	202	3	timing	timing	NOUN
ape-5070	202	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	202	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	202	6	announcement	announcement	NOUN
ape-5070	202	7	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	202	8	around	around	ADP
ape-5070	202	9	2.30	2.30	NUM
ape-5070	202	10	am	am	NOUN
ape-5070	202	11	local	local	ADJ
ape-5070	202	12	time	time	NOUN
ape-5070	202	13	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	202	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	202	15	millions	million	NOUN
ape-5070	202	16	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	202	17	eligible	eligible	ADJ
ape-5070	202	18	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	202	19	—	—	PUNCT
ape-5070	202	20	especially	especially	ADV
ape-5070	202	21	those	those	PRON
ape-5070	202	22	without	without	ADP
ape-5070	202	23	access	access	NOUN
ape-5070	202	24	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	202	25	the	the	DET
ape-5070	202	26	internet	internet	NOUN
ape-5070	202	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	202	28	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	202	29	media	medium	NOUN
ape-5070	202	30	—	—	PUNCT
ape-5070	202	31	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	202	32	found	find	VERB
ape-5070	202	33	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	202	34	when	when	SCONJ
ape-5070	202	35	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	202	36	woke	wake	VERB
ape-5070	202	37	up	up	ADP
ape-5070	202	38	february	february	PROPN
ape-5070	202	39	16	16	NUM
ape-5070	202	40	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	202	41	kazeem	kazeem	PROPN
ape-5070	202	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	202	43	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	202	44	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	202	45	after	after	SCONJ
ape-5070	202	46	inec	inec	PROPN
ape-5070	202	47	had	have	AUX
ape-5070	202	48	repeatedly	repeatedly	ADV
ape-5070	202	49	told	tell	VERB
ape-5070	202	50	both	both	DET
ape-5070	202	51	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-5070	202	52	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	202	53	international	international	ADJ
ape-5070	202	54	observers	observer	NOUN
ape-5070	202	55	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	202	56	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	202	57	was	be	AUX
ape-5070	202	58	fully	fully	ADV
ape-5070	202	59	prepared	prepared	ADJ
ape-5070	202	60	to	to	PART
ape-5070	202	61	bring	bring	VERB
ape-5070	202	62	off	off	ADP
ape-5070	202	63	the	the	DET
ape-5070	202	64	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	202	65	according	accord	VERB
ape-5070	202	66	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	202	67	schedule	schedule	NOUN
ape-5070	202	68	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	203	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	203	2	postponement	postponement	NOUN
ape-5070	203	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	203	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	203	5	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	203	6	was	be	AUX
ape-5070	203	7	met	meet	VERB
ape-5070	203	8	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	203	9	anger	anger	NOUN
ape-5070	203	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	203	11	frustration	frustration	NOUN
ape-5070	203	12	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	203	13	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-5070	203	14	especially	especially	ADV
ape-5070	203	15	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	203	16	inec	inec	PROPN
ape-5070	203	17	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	203	18	late	late	ADJ
ape-5070	203	19	announcement	announcement	NOUN
ape-5070	203	20	suggests	suggest	VERB
ape-5070	203	21	a	a	DET
ape-5070	203	22	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-5070	203	23	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	203	24	consideration	consideration	NOUN
ape-5070	203	25	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	203	26	its	its	PRON
ape-5070	203	27	impact	impact	NOUN
ape-5070	203	28	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	203	29	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	203	30	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	203	31	kazeem	kazeem	NOUN
ape-5070	203	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	203	33	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	203	34	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	203	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	204	1	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	204	2	main	main	ADJ
ape-5070	204	3	grievances	grievance	NOUN
ape-5070	204	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	204	5	according	accord	VERB
ape-5070	204	6	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	204	7	obasi	obasi	NOUN
ape-5070	204	8	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	204	9	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	204	10	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	204	11	feed	feed	VERB
ape-5070	204	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	204	13	anger	anger	NOUN
ape-5070	204	14	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	204	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	204	16	electoral	electoral	PROPN
ape-5070	204	17	commission	commission	PROPN
ape-5070	204	18	had	have	VERB
ape-5070	204	19	four	four	NUM
ape-5070	204	20	years	year	NOUN
ape-5070	204	21	to	to	PART
ape-5070	204	22	prepare	prepare	VERB
ape-5070	204	23	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	204	24	the	the	DET
ape-5070	204	25	polls	poll	NOUN
ape-5070	204	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	204	27	yet	yet	CCONJ
ape-5070	204	28	failed	fail	VERB
ape-5070	204	29	to	to	PART
ape-5070	204	30	deliver	deliver	VERB
ape-5070	204	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	204	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	204	33	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	204	34	announced	announce	VERB
ape-5070	204	35	its	its	PRON
ape-5070	204	36	decision	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	204	37	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	204	38	hours	hour	NOUN
ape-5070	204	39	before	before	SCONJ
ape-5070	204	40	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	204	41	was	be	AUX
ape-5070	204	42	set	set	VERB
ape-5070	204	43	to	to	PART
ape-5070	204	44	start	start	VERB
ape-5070	204	45	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	205	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	205	2	rescheduling	rescheduling	NOUN
ape-5070	205	3	comes	come	VERB
ape-5070	205	4	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	205	5	great	great	ADJ
ape-5070	205	6	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-5070	205	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	205	8	psychological	psychological	ADJ
ape-5070	205	9	cost	cost	NOUN
ape-5070	205	10	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	205	11	all	all	PRON
ape-5070	205	12	concerned	concerned	ADJ
ape-5070	205	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	205	14	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	205	15	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	205	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	205	17	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	205	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	205	19	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	205	20	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	205	21	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	206	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	206	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	206	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	206	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	206	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	206	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	206	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	206	8	89	89	NUM
ape-5070	206	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	206	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	206	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	206	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	206	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	206	14	including	include	VERB
ape-5070	206	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	206	16	electoral	electoral	PROPN
ape-5070	206	17	commission	commission	PROPN
ape-5070	206	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	206	19	security	security	NOUN
ape-5070	206	20	agencies	agency	NOUN
ape-5070	206	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	206	22	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	206	23	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	206	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	206	25	local	local	ADJ
ape-5070	206	26	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	206	27	international	international	ADJ
ape-5070	206	28	observation	observation	NOUN
ape-5070	206	29	groups	group	NOUN
ape-5070	206	30	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	206	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	206	32	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	206	33	course	course	NOUN
ape-5070	206	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	206	35	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	206	36	’s	’	VERB
ape-5070	206	37	84	84	NUM
ape-5070	206	38	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	206	39	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	206	40	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	206	41	obasi	obasi	NOUN
ape-5070	206	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	206	43	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	206	44	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	206	45	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	207	1	five	five	NUM
ape-5070	207	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	207	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	207	4	conventional	conventional	ADJ
ape-5070	207	5	practice	practice	NOUN
ape-5070	207	6	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	207	7	requires	require	VERB
ape-5070	207	8	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	207	9	to	to	PART
ape-5070	207	10	stand	stand	VERB
ape-5070	207	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	207	12	queues	queue	NOUN
ape-5070	207	13	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	207	14	long	long	ADJ
ape-5070	207	15	hours	hour	NOUN
ape-5070	207	16	often	often	ADV
ape-5070	207	17	discourages	discourage	VERB
ape-5070	207	18	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	207	19	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	207	20	participating	participate	VERB
ape-5070	207	21	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	207	22	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	207	23	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	207	24	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	207	25	factbook	factbook	NOUN
ape-5070	207	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	207	27	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	207	28	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	207	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	208	1	really	really	ADV
ape-5070	208	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	208	3	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	208	4	usually	usually	ADV
ape-5070	208	5	involves	involve	VERB
ape-5070	208	6	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ape-5070	208	7	administrative	administrative	ADJ
ape-5070	208	8	steps	step	NOUN
ape-5070	208	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	208	10	waiting	wait	VERB
ape-5070	208	11	long	long	ADJ
ape-5070	208	12	hours	hour	NOUN
ape-5070	208	13	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	208	14	queues	queue	NOUN
ape-5070	208	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	209	1	long	long	ADJ
ape-5070	209	2	lines	line	NOUN
ape-5070	209	3	may	may	AUX
ape-5070	209	4	discourage	discourage	VERB
ape-5070	209	5	some	some	PRON
ape-5070	209	6	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	209	7	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	209	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	209	9	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	209	10	undermining	undermine	VERB
ape-5070	209	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	209	12	quality	quality	NOUN
ape-5070	209	13	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	209	14	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	209	15	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	209	16	an	an	DET
ape-5070	209	17	expression	expression	NOUN
ape-5070	209	18	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	209	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	209	20	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	209	21	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	209	22	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	209	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	210	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	210	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	210	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	210	4	growing	grow	VERB
ape-5070	210	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	210	6	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	210	7	pool	pool	NOUN
ape-5070	210	8	dissuades	dissuade	VERB
ape-5070	210	9	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	210	10	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	210	11	bothering	bother	VERB
ape-5070	210	12	to	to	PART
ape-5070	210	13	stand	stand	VERB
ape-5070	210	14	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	210	15	long	long	ADJ
ape-5070	210	16	lines	line	NOUN
ape-5070	210	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	211	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	211	2	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ape-5070	211	3	where	where	SCONJ
ape-5070	211	4	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	211	5	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	211	6	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	211	7	often	often	ADV
ape-5070	211	8	alienated	alienate	VERB
ape-5070	211	9	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	211	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	211	11	largesse	largesse	NOUN
ape-5070	211	12	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	211	13	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	211	14	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-5070	211	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	211	16	queuing	queue	VERB
ape-5070	211	17	under	under	ADP
ape-5070	211	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	211	19	sun	sun	NOUN
ape-5070	211	20	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	211	21	hours	hour	NOUN
ape-5070	211	22	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	211	23	votesometimes	votesometime	NOUN
ape-5070	211	24	owing	owe	VERB
ape-5070	211	25	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	211	26	polling	polling	NOUN
ape-5070	211	27	place	place	NOUN
ape-5070	211	28	inefficiency	inefficiency	NOUN
ape-5070	211	29	—	—	PUNCT
ape-5070	211	30	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	211	31	seen	see	VERB
ape-5070	211	32	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	211	33	double	double	ADJ
ape-5070	211	34	tragedy	tragedy	NOUN
ape-5070	211	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	212	1	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	212	2	waits	wait	NOUN
ape-5070	212	3	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	212	4	polling	polling	NOUN
ape-5070	212	5	places	place	NOUN
ape-5070	212	6	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
ape-5070	212	7	exceeding	exceed	VERB
ape-5070	212	8	an	an	DET
ape-5070	212	9	hour	hour	NOUN
ape-5070	212	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	212	11	some	some	DET
ape-5070	212	12	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	212	13	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	212	14	turn	turn	VERB
ape-5070	212	15	away	away	ADV
ape-5070	212	16	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	212	17	poll	poll	ADJ
ape-5070	212	18	workers	worker	NOUN
ape-5070	212	19	wrestle	wrestle	VERB
ape-5070	212	20	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	212	21	malfunctioning	malfunction	VERB
ape-5070	212	22	equipment	equipment	NOUN
ape-5070	212	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	212	24	overflow	overflow	NOUN
ape-5070	212	25	crowds	crowd	NOUN
ape-5070	212	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	213	1	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	213	2	a	a	DET
ape-5070	213	3	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	213	4	as	as	ADV
ape-5070	213	5	populous	populous	ADJ
ape-5070	213	6	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	213	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	213	8	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-5070	213	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	213	10	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	213	11	seeking	seek	VERB
ape-5070	213	12	alternatives	alternative	NOUN
ape-5070	213	13	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	213	14	the	the	DET
ape-5070	213	15	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ape-5070	213	16	waiting	wait	VERB
ape-5070	213	17	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	213	18	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	213	19	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	213	20	line	line	NOUN
ape-5070	213	21	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	213	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	213	23	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	213	24	system	system	NOUN
ape-5070	213	25	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	213	26	not	not	PART
ape-5070	213	27	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	213	28	an	an	DET
ape-5070	213	29	option	option	NOUN
ape-5070	213	30	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	213	31	a	a	DET
ape-5070	213	32	necessity	necessity	NOUN
ape-5070	213	33	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	213	34	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	213	35	obisesan	obisesan	ADJ
ape-5070	213	36	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	213	37	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	213	38	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	213	39	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	214	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	214	2	effects	effect	NOUN
ape-5070	214	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	214	4	all	all	DET
ape-5070	214	5	these	these	DET
ape-5070	214	6	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	214	7	could	could	AUX
ape-5070	214	8	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	214	9	very	very	ADV
ape-5070	214	10	contagious	contagious	ADJ
ape-5070	214	11	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	214	12	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	214	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	215	1	generally	generally	ADV
ape-5070	215	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	215	3	friends	friend	NOUN
ape-5070	215	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	215	5	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
ape-5070	215	6	encourage	encourage	VERB
ape-5070	215	7	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	215	8	another	another	DET
ape-5070	215	9	to	to	PART
ape-5070	215	10	go	go	VERB
ape-5070	215	11	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	215	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	215	13	polls	poll	NOUN
ape-5070	215	14	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	215	15	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	215	16	day	day	NOUN
ape-5070	215	17	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	215	18	mcclurg	mcclurg	NOUN
ape-5070	215	19	2004	2004	NUM
ape-5070	215	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	215	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	215	22	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	215	23	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	215	24	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	215	25	networks	network	NOUN
ape-5070	215	26	encourage	encourage	VERB
ape-5070	215	27	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	215	28	another	another	DET
ape-5070	215	29	to	to	PART
ape-5070	215	30	support	support	VERB
ape-5070	215	31	particular	particular	ADJ
ape-5070	215	32	candidates	candidate	NOUN
ape-5070	215	33	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	216	1	recent	recent	ADJ
ape-5070	216	2	studies	study	NOUN
ape-5070	216	3	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	216	4	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	216	5	elucidated	elucidate	VERB
ape-5070	216	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	216	7	role	role	NOUN
ape-5070	216	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	216	9	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	216	10	networks	network	NOUN
ape-5070	216	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	216	12	spreading	spread	VERB
ape-5070	216	13	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	216	14	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	216	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	216	16	beck	beck	PROPN
ape-5070	216	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	216	18	dalton	dalton	PROPN
ape-5070	216	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	216	20	greene	greene	PROPN
ape-5070	216	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	216	22	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	216	23	huckfeldt	huckfeldt	PROPN
ape-5070	216	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	216	25	2002	2002	NUM
ape-5070	216	26	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	216	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	217	1	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	217	2	embedded	embed	VERB
ape-5070	217	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	217	4	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	217	5	networks	network	NOUN
ape-5070	217	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	217	7	friends	friend	NOUN
ape-5070	217	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	217	9	family	family	NOUN
ape-5070	217	10	members	member	NOUN
ape-5070	217	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	217	12	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
ape-5070	217	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	217	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	217	15	co	co	NOUN
ape-5070	217	16	-	-	NOUN
ape-5070	217	17	workers	worker	NOUN
ape-5070	217	18	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	217	19	nickerson	nickerson	NOUN
ape-5070	217	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	217	21	2008	2008	NUM
ape-5070	217	22	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	217	23	influence	influence	NOUN
ape-5070	217	24	each	each	DET
ape-5070	217	25	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	217	26	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	217	27	terms	term	NOUN
ape-5070	217	28	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	217	29	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	217	30	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	217	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	218	1	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	218	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	218	3	taking	take	VERB
ape-5070	218	4	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	218	5	account	account	NOUN
ape-5070	218	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	218	7	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ape-5070	218	8	response	response	NOUN
ape-5070	218	9	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	218	10	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	218	11	networks	network	NOUN
ape-5070	218	12	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	218	13	external	external	ADJ
ape-5070	218	14	influences	influence	NOUN
ape-5070	218	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	218	16	most	most	ADJ
ape-5070	218	17	studies	study	NOUN
ape-5070	218	18	consider	consider	VERB
ape-5070	218	19	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	218	20	choices	choice	NOUN
ape-5070	218	21	to	to	PART
ape-5070	218	22	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	218	23	driven	drive	VERB
ape-5070	218	24	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	218	25	various	various	ADJ
ape-5070	218	26	individual	individual	NOUN
ape-5070	218	27	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	218	28	biases	bias	NOUN
ape-5070	218	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	218	30	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	218	31	external	external	ADJ
ape-5070	218	32	pressures	pressure	NOUN
ape-5070	218	33	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	218	34	braha	braha	NOUN
ape-5070	218	35	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	218	36	de	de	PROPN
ape-5070	218	37	aguiar	aguiar	PROPN
ape-5070	218	38	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	218	39	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	218	40	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	218	41	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	219	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	219	2	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	219	3	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	219	4	argued	argue	VERB
ape-5070	219	5	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	219	6	when	when	SCONJ
ape-5070	219	7	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	219	8	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	219	9	not	not	PART
ape-5070	219	10	strongly	strongly	ADV
ape-5070	219	11	committed	committed	ADJ
ape-5070	219	12	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	219	13	a	a	DET
ape-5070	219	14	goal	goal	NOUN
ape-5070	219	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	219	16	seeing	see	VERB
ape-5070	219	17	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	219	18	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	219	19	others	other	NOUN
ape-5070	219	20	triggers	trigger	NOUN
ape-5070	219	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	219	22	reinforces	reinforce	VERB
ape-5070	219	23	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	219	24	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	219	25	them	they	PRON
ape-5070	219	26	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	219	27	when	when	SCONJ
ape-5070	219	28	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	219	29	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	219	30	strongly	strongly	ADV
ape-5070	219	31	committed	committed	ADJ
ape-5070	219	32	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	219	33	a	a	DET
ape-5070	219	34	goal	goal	NOUN
ape-5070	219	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	219	36	seeing	see	VERB
ape-5070	219	37	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	219	38	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	219	39	others	other	NOUN
ape-5070	219	40	fuels	fuel	VERB
ape-5070	219	41	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	219	42	commitment	commitment	NOUN
ape-5070	219	43	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	219	44	disalvo	disalvo	NOUN
ape-5070	219	45	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	219	46	2016	2016	NUM
ape-5070	219	47	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	219	48	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	220	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	220	2	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	220	3	words	word	NOUN
ape-5070	220	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	220	5	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	220	6	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	220	7	an	an	DET
ape-5070	220	8	emotional	emotional	ADJ
ape-5070	220	9	contagion	contagion	NOUN
ape-5070	220	10	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	220	11	dual	dual	ADJ
ape-5070	220	12	effects	effect	NOUN
ape-5070	220	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	221	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	221	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	221	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	221	4	many	many	ADJ
ape-5070	221	5	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	221	6	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	221	7	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	221	8	not	not	PART
ape-5070	221	9	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	221	10	believe	believe	VERB
ape-5070	221	11	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	221	12	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	221	13	not	not	PART
ape-5070	221	14	understand	understand	VERB
ape-5070	221	15	enough	enough	ADJ
ape-5070	221	16	about	about	ADP
ape-5070	221	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	221	18	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	221	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	221	20	the	the	DET
ape-5070	221	21	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	221	22	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	221	23	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	221	24	individual	individual	ADJ
ape-5070	221	25	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	221	26	policies	policy	NOUN
ape-5070	221	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	221	28	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	221	29	easily	easily	ADV
ape-5070	221	30	convince	convince	VERB
ape-5070	221	31	friends	friend	NOUN
ape-5070	221	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	221	33	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
ape-5070	221	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	221	35	community	community	NOUN
ape-5070	221	36	associations	association	NOUN
ape-5070	221	37	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	221	38	relatives	relative	NOUN
ape-5070	221	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	221	40	through	through	ADP
ape-5070	221	41	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	221	42	nonchalant	nonchalant	ADJ
ape-5070	221	43	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ape-5070	221	44	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	221	45	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	221	46	the	the	DET
ape-5070	221	47	futility	futility	NOUN
ape-5070	221	48	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	221	49	previous	previous	ADJ
ape-5070	221	50	ballots	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	221	51	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	222	1	millions	million	NOUN
ape-5070	222	2	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	222	3	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	222	4	remained	remain	VERB
ape-5070	222	5	undecided	undecided	ADJ
ape-5070	222	6	right	right	ADV
ape-5070	222	7	up	up	ADP
ape-5070	222	8	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	222	9	the	the	DET
ape-5070	222	10	end	end	NOUN
ape-5070	222	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	222	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	222	13	millions	million	NOUN
ape-5070	222	14	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	222	15	were	be	AUX
ape-5070	222	16	influenced	influence	VERB
ape-5070	222	17	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	222	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	222	19	prevailing	prevail	VERB
ape-5070	222	20	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	222	21	to	to	PART
ape-5070	222	22	simply	simply	ADV
ape-5070	222	23	give	give	VERB
ape-5070	222	24	up	up	ADP
ape-5070	222	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	223	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	223	2	contagious	contagious	ADJ
ape-5070	223	3	effect	effect	NOUN
ape-5070	223	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	223	5	this	this	PRON
ape-5070	223	6	evidently	evidently	ADV
ape-5070	223	7	manifested	manifest	VERB
ape-5070	223	8	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	223	9	the	the	DET
ape-5070	223	10	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	223	11	general	general	ADJ
ape-5070	223	12	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	223	13	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	223	14	somewhere	somewhere	ADV
ape-5070	223	15	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	223	16	than	than	ADP
ape-5070	223	17	half	half	NOUN
ape-5070	223	18	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	223	19	all	all	DET
ape-5070	223	20	eligible	eligible	ADJ
ape-5070	223	21	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	223	22	declined	decline	VERB
ape-5070	223	23	to	to	PART
ape-5070	223	24	participate	participate	VERB
ape-5070	223	25	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	223	26	the	the	DET
ape-5070	223	27	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	223	28	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	223	29	implications	implication	NOUN
ape-5070	223	30	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	223	31	surpass	surpass	VERB
ape-5070	223	32	anyone	anyone	PRON
ape-5070	223	33	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	223	34	ability	ability	NOUN
ape-5070	223	35	to	to	PART
ape-5070	223	36	forecast	forecast	VERB
ape-5070	223	37	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	223	38	being	be	AUX
ape-5070	223	39	the	the	DET
ape-5070	223	40	lowest	low	ADJ
ape-5070	223	41	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	223	42	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	223	43	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	223	44	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	223	45	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	224	1	5	5	X
ape-5070	224	2	.	.	X
ape-5070	224	3	pre	pre	ADJ
ape-5070	224	4	-	-	NOUN
ape-5070	224	5	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	224	6	engaged	engage	VERB
ape-5070	224	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	224	8	post	post	ADJ
ape-5070	224	9	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	224	10	election	election	ADJ
ape-5070	224	11	enraged	enrage	VERB
ape-5070	224	12	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	224	13	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	224	14	stemming	stem	VERB
ape-5070	224	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	224	16	negative	negative	ADJ
ape-5070	224	17	trends	trend	NOUN
ape-5070	224	18	an	an	DET
ape-5070	224	19	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-5070	224	20	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	224	21	key	key	ADJ
ape-5070	224	22	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	224	23	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	224	24	influence	influence	NOUN
ape-5070	224	25	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	224	26	preferences	preference	NOUN
ape-5070	224	27	since	since	SCONJ
ape-5070	224	28	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	224	29	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	224	30	reveal	reveal	VERB
ape-5070	224	31	that	that	DET
ape-5070	224	32	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
ape-5070	224	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	224	34	religion	religion	NOUN
ape-5070	224	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	224	36	policy	policy	NOUN
ape-5070	224	37	performance	performance	NOUN
ape-5070	224	38	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	224	39	the	the	DET
ape-5070	224	40	incumbent	incumbent	NOUN
ape-5070	224	41	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	224	42	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-5070	224	43	conditions	condition	NOUN
ape-5070	224	44	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	224	45	etc	etc	X
ape-5070	224	46	.	.	X
ape-5070	224	47	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	224	48	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	224	49	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	224	50	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	224	51	varying	vary	VERB
ape-5070	224	52	degrees	degree	NOUN
ape-5070	224	53	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	224	54	importance	importance	NOUN
ape-5070	224	55	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	224	56	central	central	ADJ
ape-5070	224	57	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	224	58	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	224	59	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	224	60	pattern	pattern	NOUN
ape-5070	224	61	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	225	1	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	225	2	predominant	predominant	ADJ
ape-5070	225	3	however	however	ADV
ape-5070	225	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	225	5	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	225	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	225	7	primordial	primordial	ADJ
ape-5070	225	8	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	225	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	226	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	226	2	main	main	ADJ
ape-5070	226	3	reason	reason	NOUN
ape-5070	226	4	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	226	5	advances	advance	VERB
ape-5070	226	6	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	226	7	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	226	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	226	9	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	226	10	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	226	11	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	227	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	227	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	227	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	227	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	227	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	227	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	227	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	227	8	90	90	NUM
ape-5070	227	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	227	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	227	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	227	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	227	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	228	1	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	228	2	ritual	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	228	3	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	228	4	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	228	5	unable	unable	ADJ
ape-5070	228	6	to	to	PART
ape-5070	228	7	engender	engender	VERB
ape-5070	228	8	fundamentals	fundamental	NOUN
ape-5070	228	9	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	228	10	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	228	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	229	1	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	229	2	implication	implication	NOUN
ape-5070	229	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	229	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	229	5	outcome	outcome	NOUN
ape-5070	229	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	229	7	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	229	8	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	229	9	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	229	10	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	229	11	always	always	ADV
ape-5070	229	12	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	229	13	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
ape-5070	229	14	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	229	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	229	16	ruling	rule	VERB
ape-5070	229	17	elites	elite	NOUN
ape-5070	229	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	229	19	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	229	20	cronies	crony	NOUN
ape-5070	229	21	while	while	SCONJ
ape-5070	229	22	the	the	DET
ape-5070	229	23	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	229	24	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	229	25	left	leave	VERB
ape-5070	229	26	disenchanted	disenchanted	ADJ
ape-5070	229	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	230	1	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	230	2	earlier	early	ADV
ape-5070	230	3	pointed	point	VERB
ape-5070	230	4	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	230	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	230	6	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	230	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	230	8	the	the	DET
ape-5070	230	9	most	most	ADV
ape-5070	230	10	important	important	ADJ
ape-5070	230	11	functions	function	NOUN
ape-5070	230	12	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	230	13	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	230	14	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	230	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	230	16	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	230	17	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	230	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	230	19	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	230	20	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	230	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	230	22	very	very	ADJ
ape-5070	230	23	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	230	24	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	230	25	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-5070	230	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	231	1	this	this	PRON
ape-5070	231	2	stems	stem	VERB
ape-5070	231	3	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	231	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	231	5	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	231	6	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	231	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	231	8	core	core	NOUN
ape-5070	231	9	value	value	NOUN
ape-5070	231	10	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	231	11	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	231	12	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	231	13	expressed	express	VERB
ape-5070	231	14	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	231	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	231	16	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ape-5070	231	17	definition	definition	NOUN
ape-5070	231	18	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	231	19	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	231	20	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	231	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	231	22	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	231	23	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	231	24	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
ape-5070	231	25	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	231	26	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	231	27	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	231	28	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	231	29	the	the	DET
ape-5070	231	30	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-5070	231	31	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	231	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	232	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	232	2	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-5070	232	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	232	4	becomes	become	VERB
ape-5070	232	5	imperative	imperative	ADJ
ape-5070	232	6	to	to	PART
ape-5070	232	7	investigate	investigate	VERB
ape-5070	232	8	why	why	SCONJ
ape-5070	232	9	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	232	10	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	232	11	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	232	12	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	232	13	do	do	VERB
ape-5070	232	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	232	15	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	232	16	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	232	17	arrive	arrive	VERB
ape-5070	232	18	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	232	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	232	20	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	232	21	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	232	22	make	make	VERB
ape-5070	232	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	233	1	today	today	NOUN
ape-5070	233	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	233	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	233	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	233	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	233	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	233	7	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	233	8	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	233	9	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	233	10	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	233	11	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	233	12	under	under	ADP
ape-5070	233	13	stress	stress	NOUN
ape-5070	233	14	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	233	15	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	233	16	measured	measure	VERB
ape-5070	233	17	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	233	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	233	19	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	233	20	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	233	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	233	22	not	not	PART
ape-5070	233	23	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	233	24	during	during	ADP
ape-5070	233	25	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	233	26	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	233	27	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	233	28	post	post	ADJ
ape-5070	233	29	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	233	30	election	election	ADJ
ape-5070	233	31	engagements	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	233	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	234	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	234	2	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	234	3	manifests	manifest	VERB
ape-5070	234	4	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	234	5	poor	poor	ADJ
ape-5070	234	6	service	service	NOUN
ape-5070	234	7	delivery	delivery	NOUN
ape-5070	234	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	234	9	inability	inability	NOUN
ape-5070	234	10	to	to	PART
ape-5070	234	11	fulfil	fulfil	VERB
ape-5070	234	12	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	234	13	promises	promise	NOUN
ape-5070	234	14	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	234	15	whether	whether	SCONJ
ape-5070	234	16	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	234	17	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	234	18	been	be	AUX
ape-5070	234	19	able	able	ADJ
ape-5070	234	20	to	to	PART
ape-5070	234	21	address	address	VERB
ape-5070	234	22	the	the	DET
ape-5070	234	23	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ape-5070	234	24	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	234	25	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	234	26	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	234	27	wrestling	wrestle	VERB
ape-5070	234	28	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	234	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	235	1	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	235	2	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	235	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	235	4	poorly	poorly	ADV
ape-5070	235	5	contested	contest	VERB
ape-5070	235	6	general	general	ADJ
ape-5070	235	7	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	235	8	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	235	9	an	an	DET
ape-5070	235	10	important	important	ADJ
ape-5070	235	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	235	12	well	well	ADV
ape-5070	235	13	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	235	14	recognized	recognize	VERB
ape-5070	235	15	result	result	NOUN
ape-5070	235	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	236	1	then	then	ADV
ape-5070	236	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	236	3	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	236	4	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	236	5	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	236	6	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	236	7	increased	increase	VERB
ape-5070	236	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	236	9	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	236	10	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	236	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	236	12	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	236	13	become	become	VERB
ape-5070	236	14	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	236	15	representative	representative	NOUN
ape-5070	236	16	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	236	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	236	18	greater	great	ADJ
ape-5070	236	19	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	236	20	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	237	1	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	237	2	is	be	VERB
ape-5070	237	3	no	no	DET
ape-5070	237	4	silver	silver	ADJ
ape-5070	237	5	bullet	bullet	NOUN
ape-5070	237	6	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	237	7	increasing	increase	VERB
ape-5070	237	8	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	237	9	—	—	PUNCT
ape-5070	237	10	a	a	DET
ape-5070	237	11	mix	mix	NOUN
ape-5070	237	12	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	237	13	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ape-5070	237	14	would	would	AUX
ape-5070	237	15	need	need	VERB
ape-5070	237	16	to	to	PART
ape-5070	237	17	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	237	18	pursued	pursue	VERB
ape-5070	237	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	237	20	each	each	PRON
ape-5070	237	21	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	237	22	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	237	23	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	237	24	own	own	ADJ
ape-5070	237	25	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	237	26	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	237	27	incremental	incremental	ADJ
ape-5070	237	28	effects	effect	NOUN
ape-5070	237	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	238	1	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	238	2	a	a	DET
ape-5070	238	3	starting	starting	NOUN
ape-5070	238	4	point	point	NOUN
ape-5070	238	5	within	within	ADP
ape-5070	238	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	238	7	context	context	NOUN
ape-5070	238	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	238	9	a	a	DET
ape-5070	238	10	developing	develop	VERB
ape-5070	238	11	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	238	12	like	like	ADP
ape-5070	238	13	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ape-5070	238	14	where	where	SCONJ
ape-5070	238	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	238	16	mass	mass	NOUN
ape-5070	238	17	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	238	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	238	19	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	238	20	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	238	21	disenchanted	disenchant	VERB
ape-5070	238	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	238	23	the	the	DET
ape-5070	238	24	need	need	NOUN
ape-5070	238	25	arises	arise	VERB
ape-5070	238	26	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	238	27	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	238	28	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	238	29	all	all	DET
ape-5070	238	30	levels	level	NOUN
ape-5070	238	31	to	to	PART
ape-5070	238	32	make	make	VERB
ape-5070	238	33	life	life	NOUN
ape-5070	238	34	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ape-5070	238	35	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	238	36	the	the	DET
ape-5070	238	37	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	238	38	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	238	39	fulfilling	fulfil	VERB
ape-5070	238	40	its	its	PRON
ape-5070	238	41	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	238	42	promises	promise	NOUN
ape-5070	238	43	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	238	44	engage	engage	VERB
ape-5070	238	45	them	they	PRON
ape-5070	238	46	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	238	47	decision	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	238	48	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	238	49	making	make	VERB
ape-5070	238	50	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	238	51	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	239	1	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	239	2	reforms	reform	NOUN
ape-5070	239	3	would	would	AUX
ape-5070	239	4	help	help	VERB
ape-5070	239	5	encourage	encourage	VERB
ape-5070	239	6	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	239	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	239	8	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	239	9	so	so	ADV
ape-5070	239	10	would	would	AUX
ape-5070	239	11	visible	visible	VERB
ape-5070	239	12	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ape-5070	239	13	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	239	14	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-5070	239	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	239	16	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
ape-5070	239	17	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ape-5070	239	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	240	1	improving	improve	VERB
ape-5070	240	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	240	3	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	240	4	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	240	5	representativeness	representativeness	NOUN
ape-5070	240	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	240	7	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ape-5070	240	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	240	9	policy	policy	NOUN
ape-5070	240	10	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-5070	240	11	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	240	12	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	240	13	very	very	ADV
ape-5070	240	14	germane	germane	ADJ
ape-5070	240	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	241	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ape-5070	241	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	241	3	providing	provide	VERB
ape-5070	241	4	information	information	NOUN
ape-5070	241	5	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	241	6	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	241	7	well	well	ADV
ape-5070	241	8	politicians	politician	NOUN
ape-5070	241	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	241	10	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	241	11	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	241	12	deliver	deliver	VERB
ape-5070	241	13	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	241	14	promises	promise	NOUN
ape-5070	241	15	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	241	16	help	help	VERB
ape-5070	241	17	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	241	18	make	make	VERB
ape-5070	241	19	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	241	20	informed	informed	ADJ
ape-5070	241	21	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	241	22	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	241	23	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	241	24	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	241	25	create	create	VERB
ape-5070	241	26	forums	forum	NOUN
ape-5070	241	27	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	241	28	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	241	29	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	241	30	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	241	31	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-5070	241	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	242	1	this	this	PRON
ape-5070	242	2	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	242	3	not	not	PART
ape-5070	242	4	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	242	5	create	create	VERB
ape-5070	242	6	a	a	DET
ape-5070	242	7	sense	sense	NOUN
ape-5070	242	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	242	9	belonging	belong	VERB
ape-5070	242	10	among	among	ADP
ape-5070	242	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	242	12	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	242	13	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	242	14	invigorate	invigorate	VERB
ape-5070	242	15	/	/	SYM
ape-5070	242	16	activate	activate	VERB
ape-5070	242	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	242	18	latent	latent	NOUN
ape-5070	242	19	patriotism	patriotism	NOUN
ape-5070	242	20	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	242	21	them	they	PRON
ape-5070	242	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	243	1	however	however	ADV
ape-5070	243	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	243	3	for	for	SCONJ
ape-5070	243	4	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	243	5	to	to	PART
ape-5070	243	6	make	make	VERB
ape-5070	243	7	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ape-5070	243	8	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	243	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	243	10	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	243	11	must	must	AUX
ape-5070	243	12	understand	understand	VERB
ape-5070	243	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	243	14	options	option	NOUN
ape-5070	243	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	243	16	polity	polity	NOUN
ape-5070	243	17	faces	face	VERB
ape-5070	243	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	244	1	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	244	2	must	must	AUX
ape-5070	244	3	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	244	4	a	a	DET
ape-5070	244	5	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
ape-5070	244	6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ape-5070	244	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	244	8	the	the	DET
ape-5070	244	9	workings	working	NOUN
ape-5070	244	10	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	244	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	244	12	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	244	13	system	system	NOUN
ape-5070	244	14	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	244	15	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	244	16	intend	intend	VERB
ape-5070	244	17	to	to	PART
ape-5070	244	18	influence	influence	VERB
ape-5070	244	19	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	244	20	control	control	VERB
ape-5070	244	21	the	the	DET
ape-5070	244	22	actions	action	NOUN
ape-5070	244	23	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	244	24	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	244	25	representatives	representative	NOUN
ape-5070	244	26	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	245	1	even	even	ADV
ape-5070	245	2	turnout	turnout	VERB
ape-5070	245	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	245	4	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	245	5	posited	posit	VERB
ape-5070	245	6	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	245	7	tucker	tucker	PROPN
ape-5070	245	8	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	245	9	2004	2004	NUM
ape-5070	245	10	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	245	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	245	12	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	245	13	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	245	14	not	not	PART
ape-5070	245	15	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	245	16	an	an	DET
ape-5070	245	17	immediate	immediate	ADJ
ape-5070	245	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	245	19	strategic	strategic	ADJ
ape-5070	245	20	impact	impact	NOUN
ape-5070	245	21	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	245	22	the	the	DET
ape-5070	245	23	decision	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	245	24	made	make	VERB
ape-5070	245	25	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	245	26	an	an	DET
ape-5070	245	27	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	245	28	unless	unless	SCONJ
ape-5070	245	29	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	245	30	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	245	31	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ape-5070	245	32	choices	choice	NOUN
ape-5070	245	33	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	245	34	the	the	DET
ape-5070	245	35	ballot	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	245	36	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	245	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	246	1	ordinarily	ordinarily	ADV
ape-5070	246	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	246	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	246	4	a	a	DET
ape-5070	246	5	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	246	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	246	7	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	246	8	leaders	leader	NOUN
ape-5070	246	9	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	246	10	present	present	VERB
ape-5070	246	11	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	246	12	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	246	13	real	real	ADJ
ape-5070	246	14	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ape-5070	246	15	for	for	SCONJ
ape-5070	246	16	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	246	17	to	to	PART
ape-5070	246	18	participate	participate	VERB
ape-5070	246	19	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	246	20	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	246	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	246	22	an	an	DET
ape-5070	246	23	investment	investment	NOUN
ape-5070	246	24	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	246	25	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	246	26	future	future	NOUN
ape-5070	246	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	247	1	now	now	ADV
ape-5070	247	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	247	3	after	after	ADP
ape-5070	247	4	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	247	5	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	247	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	247	7	controversy	controversy	NOUN
ape-5070	247	8	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	247	9	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	247	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	247	11	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	247	12	problems	problem	NOUN
ape-5070	247	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	247	14	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	247	15	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	247	16	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ape-5070	247	17	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	247	18	commence	commence	VERB
ape-5070	247	19	a	a	DET
ape-5070	247	20	post	post	ADJ
ape-5070	247	21	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	247	22	election	election	ADJ
ape-5070	247	23	review	review	NOUN
ape-5070	247	24	to	to	PART
ape-5070	247	25	critically	critically	ADV
ape-5070	247	26	engage	engage	VERB
ape-5070	247	27	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
ape-5070	247	28	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	247	29	a	a	DET
ape-5070	247	30	view	view	NOUN
ape-5070	247	31	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	247	32	addressing	address	VERB
ape-5070	247	33	the	the	DET
ape-5070	247	34	salient	salient	ADJ
ape-5070	247	35	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ape-5070	247	36	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	247	37	the	the	DET
ape-5070	247	38	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	247	39	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	247	40	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	247	41	particularly	particularly	ADV
ape-5070	247	42	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	247	43	to	to	PART
ape-5070	247	44	re	re	VERB
ape-5070	247	45	-	-	VERB
ape-5070	247	46	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
ape-5070	247	47	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	247	48	overhaul	overhaul	PROPN
ape-5070	247	49	inec	inec	PROPN
ape-5070	247	50	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	247	51	approach	approach	NOUN
ape-5070	247	52	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	247	53	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	247	54	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	247	55	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	247	56	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	247	57	general	general	ADJ
ape-5070	247	58	conduct	conduct	NOUN
ape-5070	247	59	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	247	60	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	247	61	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	248	1	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	248	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	248	3	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	248	4	are	be	VERB
ape-5070	248	5	a	a	DET
ape-5070	248	6	number	number	NOUN
ape-5070	248	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	248	8	tools	tool	NOUN
ape-5070	248	9	available	available	ADJ
ape-5070	248	10	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	248	11	countries	country	NOUN
ape-5070	248	12	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	248	13	intend	intend	VERB
ape-5070	248	14	to	to	PART
ape-5070	248	15	increase	increase	VERB
ape-5070	248	16	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	248	17	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	248	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	248	19	expand	expand	VERB
ape-5070	248	20	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	248	21	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ape-5070	248	22	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	248	23	eligible	eligible	ADJ
ape-5070	248	24	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	248	25	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	248	26	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	248	27	the	the	DET
ape-5070	248	28	strong	strong	ADJ
ape-5070	248	29	support	support	NOUN
ape-5070	248	30	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	248	31	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
ape-5070	248	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	248	33	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
ape-5070	248	34	organizations	organization	NOUN
ape-5070	248	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	249	1	these	these	PRON
ape-5070	249	2	include	include	VERB
ape-5070	249	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	249	4	strengthening	strengthen	VERB
ape-5070	249	5	civics	civic	NOUN
ape-5070	249	6	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	249	7	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	249	8	schools	school	NOUN
ape-5070	249	9	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	249	10	streamlining	streamline	VERB
ape-5070	249	11	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	249	12	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	249	13	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	249	14	automatic	automatic	ADJ
ape-5070	249	15	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	249	16	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	249	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	249	18	online	online	ADJ
ape-5070	249	19	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	249	20	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	249	21	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	249	22	providing	provide	VERB
ape-5070	249	23	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
ape-5070	249	24	resources	resource	NOUN
ape-5070	249	25	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	249	26	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	249	27	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	249	28	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	249	29	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	249	30	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	249	31	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	249	32	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	249	33	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	250	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	250	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	250	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	250	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	250	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	250	8	91	91	NUM
ape-5070	250	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	250	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	250	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	250	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	250	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	14	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	250	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	250	16	ensure	ensure	VERB
ape-5070	250	17	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	250	18	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	250	19	accessible	accessible	ADJ
ape-5070	250	20	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	21	investing	invest	VERB
ape-5070	250	22	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	250	23	integrated	integrate	VERB
ape-5070	250	24	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	250	25	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	250	26	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	27	i	i	PRON
ape-5070	250	28	ve	ve	VERB
ape-5070	250	29	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	30	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	250	31	outreach	outreach	NOUN
ape-5070	250	32	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	33	root	root	PROPN
ape-5070	250	34	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	250	35	kennedy	kennedy	PROPN
ape-5070	250	36	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	37	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	250	38	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	39	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	40	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	250	41	pressure	pressure	NOUN
ape-5070	250	42	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	43	same	same	ADJ
ape-5070	250	44	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	45	day	day	NOUN
ape-5070	250	46	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	250	47	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	48	lemzy	lemzy	NOUN
ape-5070	250	49	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	50	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	250	51	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	52	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	53	customize	customize	VERB
ape-5070	250	54	booths	booth	NOUN
ape-5070	250	55	to	to	PART
ape-5070	250	56	cater	cater	VERB
ape-5070	250	57	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	250	58	different	different	ADJ
ape-5070	250	59	needs	need	NOUN
ape-5070	250	60	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	61	varinsky	varinsky	NOUN
ape-5070	250	62	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	63	2016	2016	NUM
ape-5070	250	64	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	65	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	250	66	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	250	67	capitalize	capitalize	VERB
ape-5070	250	68	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	250	69	21st	21st	ADJ
ape-5070	250	70	century	century	NOUN
ape-5070	250	71	technology	technology	NOUN
ape-5070	250	72	to	to	PART
ape-5070	250	73	automatically	automatically	ADV
ape-5070	250	74	register	register	VERB
ape-5070	250	75	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	250	76	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	250	77	update	update	VERB
ape-5070	250	78	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	250	79	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	250	80	information	information	NOUN
ape-5070	250	81	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	250	82	without	without	ADP
ape-5070	250	83	any	any	DET
ape-5070	250	84	need	need	NOUN
ape-5070	250	85	for	for	SCONJ
ape-5070	250	86	the	the	DET
ape-5070	250	87	outmoded	outmoded	ADJ
ape-5070	250	88	bureaucracy	bureaucracy	NOUN
ape-5070	250	89	being	be	AUX
ape-5070	250	90	employed	employ	VERB
ape-5070	250	91	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	250	92	every	every	DET
ape-5070	250	93	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	250	94	cycle	cycle	NOUN
ape-5070	250	95	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	1	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	251	2	a	a	DET
ape-5070	251	3	matter	matter	NOUN
ape-5070	251	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	251	5	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	251	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	7	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	251	8	a	a	DET
ape-5070	251	9	report	report	NOUN
ape-5070	251	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	251	11	nonprofit	nonprofit	ADJ
ape-5070	251	12	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	251	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	14	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	251	15	identifies	identify	VERB
ape-5070	251	16	automatic	automatic	ADJ
ape-5070	251	17	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	251	18	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	251	19	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	20	avr	avr	PROPN
ape-5070	251	21	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	23	same	same	ADJ
ape-5070	251	24	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	25	day	day	NOUN
ape-5070	251	26	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	251	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	28	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	251	29	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	251	30	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	31	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	251	32	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	33	mail	mail	NOUN
ape-5070	251	34	policies	policy	NOUN
ape-5070	251	35	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	251	36	significant	significant	ADJ
ape-5070	251	37	enablers	enabler	NOUN
ape-5070	251	38	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	39	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	251	40	not	not	PART
ape-5070	251	41	motivators	motivator	NOUN
ape-5070	251	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	43	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	251	44	the	the	DET
ape-5070	251	45	high	high	ADJ
ape-5070	251	46	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	251	47	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	48	ginsburg	ginsburg	NOUN
ape-5070	251	49	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	50	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	251	51	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	251	52	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	1	while	while	SCONJ
ape-5070	252	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	252	3	american	american	ADJ
ape-5070	252	4	society	society	NOUN
ape-5070	252	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	252	6	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	252	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	252	8	research	research	NOUN
ape-5070	252	9	was	be	AUX
ape-5070	252	10	conducted	conduct	VERB
ape-5070	252	11	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	252	12	different	different	ADJ
ape-5070	252	13	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	252	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	252	15	’s	’s	ADV
ape-5070	252	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	17	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	252	18	is	be	VERB
ape-5070	252	19	no	no	DET
ape-5070	252	20	rocket	rocket	NOUN
ape-5070	252	21	science	science	NOUN
ape-5070	252	22	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	252	23	implementing	implement	VERB
ape-5070	252	24	the	the	DET
ape-5070	252	25	first	first	ADJ
ape-5070	252	26	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	252	27	policiesautomatic	policiesautomatic	ADJ
ape-5070	252	28	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	252	29	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	252	30	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	31	avr	avr	NOUN
ape-5070	252	32	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	33	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	252	34	same	same	ADJ
ape-5070	252	35	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	36	day	day	NOUN
ape-5070	252	37	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	252	38	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	39	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	252	40	the	the	DET
ape-5070	252	41	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	252	42	to	to	PART
ape-5070	252	43	encourage	encourage	VERB
ape-5070	252	44	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	252	45	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	46	because	because	SCONJ
ape-5070	252	47	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	48	improving	improve	VERB
ape-5070	252	49	the	the	DET
ape-5070	252	50	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	252	51	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	252	52	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	252	53	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	252	54	decrease	decrease	VERB
ape-5070	252	55	gaps	gap	NOUN
ape-5070	252	56	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	252	57	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	252	58	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	252	59	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	252	60	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ape-5070	252	61	groups	group	NOUN
ape-5070	252	62	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	63	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	64	root	root	PROPN
ape-5070	252	65	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	252	66	kennedy	kennedy	PROPN
ape-5070	252	67	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	68	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	252	69	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	252	70	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	253	1	these	these	DET
ape-5070	253	2	tools	tool	NOUN
ape-5070	253	3	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	253	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	253	5	potential	potential	NOUN
ape-5070	253	6	to	to	PART
ape-5070	253	7	reshape	reshape	VERB
ape-5070	253	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	253	9	reinvigorate	reinvigorate	VERB
ape-5070	253	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	253	11	electorate	electorate	NOUN
ape-5070	253	12	particularly	particularly	ADV
ape-5070	253	13	when	when	SCONJ
ape-5070	253	14	strong	strong	ADJ
ape-5070	253	15	civics	civic	NOUN
ape-5070	253	16	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	253	17	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	253	18	combined	combine	VERB
ape-5070	253	19	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	253	20	robust	robust	ADJ
ape-5070	253	21	integrated	integrate	VERB
ape-5070	253	22	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	253	23	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	253	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	254	1	around	around	ADP
ape-5070	254	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	254	3	world	world	NOUN
ape-5070	254	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	254	5	countries	country	NOUN
ape-5070	254	6	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	254	7	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ
ape-5070	254	8	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	254	9	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	254	10	higher	high	ADJ
ape-5070	254	11	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	254	12	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	254	13	levels	level	NOUN
ape-5070	254	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	254	15	especially	especially	ADV
ape-5070	254	16	when	when	SCONJ
ape-5070	254	17	sanctions	sanction	NOUN
ape-5070	254	18	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	254	19	abstention	abstention	NOUN
ape-5070	254	20	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	254	21	enforced	enforce	VERB
ape-5070	254	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	254	23	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	254	24	where	where	SCONJ
ape-5070	254	25	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	254	26	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	254	27	not	not	PART
ape-5070	254	28	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
ape-5070	254	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	254	30	all	all	DET
ape-5070	254	31	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	254	32	available	available	ADJ
ape-5070	254	33	tools	tool	NOUN
ape-5070	254	34	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	254	35	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	254	36	employed	employ	VERB
ape-5070	254	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	255	1	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	255	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ape-5070	255	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	255	4	sweden	sweden	PROPN
ape-5070	255	5	does	do	AUX
ape-5070	255	6	not	not	PART
ape-5070	255	7	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	255	8	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ
ape-5070	255	9	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	255	10	but	but	CCONJ
ape-5070	255	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	255	12	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	255	13	parliamentary	parliamentary	ADJ
ape-5070	255	14	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	255	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	255	16	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	255	17	recorded	record	VERB
ape-5070	255	18	87	87	NUM
ape-5070	255	19	%	%	NOUN
ape-5070	255	20	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	255	21	its	its	PRON
ape-5070	255	22	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	255	23	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	255	24	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	255	25	timsit	timsit	NOUN
ape-5070	255	26	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	255	27	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	255	28	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	255	29	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	256	1	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	256	2	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	256	3	an	an	DET
ape-5070	256	4	effective	effective	ADJ
ape-5070	256	5	means	mean	NOUN
ape-5070	256	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	256	7	holding	hold	VERB
ape-5070	256	8	elected	elect	VERB
ape-5070	256	9	officials	official	NOUN
ape-5070	256	10	accountable	accountable	ADJ
ape-5070	256	11	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	256	12	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	256	13	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	256	14	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	256	15	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	256	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	256	17	office	office	NOUN
ape-5070	256	18	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	256	19	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	256	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	256	21	a	a	DET
ape-5070	256	22	high	high	ADJ
ape-5070	256	23	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	256	24	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	256	25	fair	fair	ADJ
ape-5070	256	26	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	256	27	gives	give	VERB
ape-5070	256	28	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ape-5070	256	29	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	256	30	public	public	ADJ
ape-5070	256	31	officials	official	NOUN
ape-5070	256	32	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	256	33	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	256	34	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	256	35	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	256	36	while	while	SCONJ
ape-5070	256	37	abstention	abstention	NOUN
ape-5070	256	38	may	may	AUX
ape-5070	256	39	erode	erode	VERB
ape-5070	256	40	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	256	41	’	’	PART
ape-5070	256	42	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ape-5070	256	43	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	256	44	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ape-5070	256	45	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	257	1	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	257	2	turnouts	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	257	3	must	must	AUX
ape-5070	257	4	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	257	5	a	a	DET
ape-5070	257	6	concern	concern	NOUN
ape-5070	257	7	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	257	8	any	any	DET
ape-5070	257	9	democrat	democrat	PROPN
ape-5070	257	10	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	257	11	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	257	12	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	257	13	unlikely	unlikely	ADJ
ape-5070	257	14	to	to	PART
ape-5070	257	15	provide	provide	VERB
ape-5070	257	16	electors	elector	NOUN
ape-5070	257	17	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	257	18	representative	representative	ADJ
ape-5070	257	19	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	257	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	258	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	258	2	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	258	3	important	important	ADJ
ape-5070	258	4	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	258	5	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	258	6	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	258	7	familiar	familiar	ADJ
ape-5070	258	8	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	258	9	all	all	DET
ape-5070	258	10	laws	law	NOUN
ape-5070	258	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	258	12	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ape-5070	258	13	governing	govern	VERB
ape-5070	258	14	the	the	DET
ape-5070	258	15	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	258	16	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	258	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	258	18	the	the	DET
ape-5070	258	19	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ape-5070	258	20	accruable	accruable	ADJ
ape-5070	258	21	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	258	22	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	258	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	259	1	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	259	2	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	259	3	not	not	PART
ape-5070	259	4	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	259	5	forced	force	VERB
ape-5070	259	6	to	to	PART
ape-5070	259	7	wait	wait	VERB
ape-5070	259	8	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	259	9	line	line	NOUN
ape-5070	259	10	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	259	11	hours	hour	NOUN
ape-5070	259	12	to	to	PART
ape-5070	259	13	exercise	exercise	VERB
ape-5070	259	14	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	259	15	civic	civic	ADJ
ape-5070	259	16	duty	duty	NOUN
ape-5070	259	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	259	18	for	for	SCONJ
ape-5070	259	19	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	259	20	voice	voice	NOUN
ape-5070	259	21	to	to	PART
ape-5070	259	22	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	259	23	heard	hear	VERB
ape-5070	259	24	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	259	25	our	our	PRON
ape-5070	259	26	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	259	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	260	1	nor	nor	CCONJ
ape-5070	260	2	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	260	3	certain	certain	ADJ
ape-5070	260	4	groups	group	NOUN
ape-5070	260	5	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	260	6	less	less	ADJ
ape-5070	260	7	access	access	NOUN
ape-5070	260	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	260	9	fewer	few	ADJ
ape-5070	260	10	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ape-5070	260	11	to	to	PART
ape-5070	260	12	register	register	VERB
ape-5070	260	13	to	to	PART
ape-5070	260	14	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	260	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	260	16	cast	cast	NOUN
ape-5070	260	17	ballots	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	260	18	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	260	19	root	root	PROPN
ape-5070	260	20	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	260	21	kennedy	kennedy	PROPN
ape-5070	260	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	260	23	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	260	24	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	260	25	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	261	1	to	to	PART
ape-5070	261	2	showcase	showcase	VERB
ape-5070	261	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	261	4	value	value	NOUN
ape-5070	261	5	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	261	6	civic	civic	ADJ
ape-5070	261	7	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	261	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	261	9	improve	improve	VERB
ape-5070	261	10	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	261	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	261	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	261	13	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	261	14	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	261	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	261	16	getting	get	VERB
ape-5070	261	17	electorate	electorate	ADJ
ape-5070	261	18	to	to	PART
ape-5070	261	19	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	261	20	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	261	21	as	as	ADV
ape-5070	261	22	important	important	ADJ
ape-5070	261	23	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	261	24	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	261	25	not	not	PART
ape-5070	261	26	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	261	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	261	28	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	261	29	efforts	effort	NOUN
ape-5070	261	30	put	put	VERB
ape-5070	261	31	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	261	32	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	261	33	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	261	34	exercise	exercise	NOUN
ape-5070	261	35	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	261	36	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
ape-5070	261	37	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	262	1	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	262	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-5070	262	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
ape-5070	262	4	there	there	PRON
ape-5070	262	5	is	be	VERB
ape-5070	262	6	an	an	DET
ape-5070	262	7	axiomatic	axiomatic	ADJ
ape-5070	262	8	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ape-5070	262	9	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	262	10	high	high	ADJ
ape-5070	262	11	rates	rate	NOUN
ape-5070	262	12	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	262	13	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	262	14	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	262	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	262	16	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	262	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	262	18	high	high	ADJ
ape-5070	262	19	levels	level	NOUN
ape-5070	262	20	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	262	21	representation	representation	NOUN
ape-5070	262	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	262	23	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ape-5070	262	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	262	25	oversight	oversight	NOUN
ape-5070	262	26	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	262	27	governmental	governmental	ADJ
ape-5070	262	28	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
ape-5070	262	29	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	262	30	fakir	fakir	PROPN
ape-5070	262	31	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	262	32	sarakinsky	sarakinsky	PROPN
ape-5070	262	33	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	262	34	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	262	35	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	262	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	263	1	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	263	2	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	263	3	use	use	VERB
ape-5070	263	4	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	263	5	to	to	PART
ape-5070	263	6	hold	hold	VERB
ape-5070	263	7	governments	government	NOUN
ape-5070	263	8	accountable	accountable	ADJ
ape-5070	263	9	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	263	10	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	263	11	performance	performance	NOUN
ape-5070	263	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	263	13	office	office	NOUN
ape-5070	263	14	only	only	ADV
ape-5070	263	15	when	when	SCONJ
ape-5070	263	16	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	263	17	meaningfully	meaningfully	ADV
ape-5070	263	18	participate	participate	VERB
ape-5070	263	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	264	1	post	post	ADJ
ape-5070	264	2	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	264	3	election	election	ADJ
ape-5070	264	4	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	264	5	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	264	6	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	264	7	very	very	ADV
ape-5070	264	8	important	important	ADJ
ape-5070	264	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	265	1	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	265	2	importantly	importantly	ADV
ape-5070	265	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	265	4	actors	actor	NOUN
ape-5070	265	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	265	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	265	7	democratisation	democratisation	NOUN
ape-5070	265	8	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	265	9	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	265	10	emphasise	emphasise	VERB
ape-5070	265	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	265	12	importance	importance	NOUN
ape-5070	265	13	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	265	14	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	265	15	grassroots	grassroots	ADJ
ape-5070	265	16	movements	movement	NOUN
ape-5070	265	17	targeting	target	VERB
ape-5070	265	18	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	265	19	reforms	reform	NOUN
ape-5070	265	20	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	265	21	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	265	22	encourage	encourage	VERB
ape-5070	265	23	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ape-5070	265	24	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	265	25	civil	civil	ADJ
ape-5070	265	26	society	society	NOUN
ape-5070	265	27	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	265	28	the	the	DET
ape-5070	265	29	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	265	30	system	system	NOUN
ape-5070	265	31	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	266	1	using	use	VERB
ape-5070	266	2	data	datum	NOUN
ape-5070	266	3	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	266	4	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	266	5	700	700	NUM
ape-5070	266	6	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	266	7	covering	cover	VERB
ape-5070	266	8	85	85	NUM
ape-5070	266	9	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	266	10	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	266	11	1950	1950	NUM
ape-5070	266	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	266	13	2008	2008	NUM
ape-5070	266	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	266	15	martinez	martinez	PROPN
ape-5070	266	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	266	17	trinh	trinh	PROPN
ape-5070	266	18	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	266	19	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	266	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	266	21	argued	argue	VERB
ape-5070	266	22	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	266	23	higher	high	ADJ
ape-5070	266	24	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	266	25	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	266	26	often	often	ADV
ape-5070	266	27	found	find	VERB
ape-5070	266	28	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	266	29	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	266	30	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	266	31	higher	high	ADJ
ape-5070	266	32	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	266	33	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ape-5070	266	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	267	1	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	267	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	267	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	267	4	a	a	DET
ape-5070	267	5	study	study	NOUN
ape-5070	267	6	conducted	conduct	VERB
ape-5070	267	7	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	267	8	birch	birch	NOUN
ape-5070	267	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	267	10	2010	2010	NUM
ape-5070	267	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	268	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	268	2	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	268	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
ape-5070	268	4	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	268	5	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ape-5070	268	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	268	7	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	268	8	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ape-5070	268	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	268	10	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	268	11	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	268	12	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	268	13	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	268	14	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	268	15	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	268	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	268	17	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	268	18	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	268	19	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	269	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	269	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	269	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	269	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	269	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	269	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	269	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	269	8	92	92	NUM
ape-5070	269	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	269	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	269	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	269	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	269	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	269	14	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ape-5070	269	15	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	269	16	the	the	DET
ape-5070	269	17	fairness	fairness	NOUN
ape-5070	269	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	269	19	honesty	honesty	NOUN
ape-5070	269	20	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	269	21	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ape-5070	269	22	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	269	23	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	269	24	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ape-5070	269	25	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	269	26	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ape-5070	269	27	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	269	28	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	269	29	indeed	indeed	ADV
ape-5070	269	30	positively	positively	ADV
ape-5070	269	31	associated	associate	VERB
ape-5070	269	32	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	269	33	propensity	propensity	NOUN
ape-5070	269	34	to	to	PART
ape-5070	269	35	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	269	36	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	270	1	her	her	PRON
ape-5070	270	2	logic	logic	NOUN
ape-5070	270	3	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	270	4	straightforward	straightforward	ADJ
ape-5070	270	5	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	270	6	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	270	7	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	270	8	turn	turn	VERB
ape-5070	270	9	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	270	10	to	to	PART
ape-5070	270	11	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	270	12	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	270	13	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	270	14	perceive	perceive	VERB
ape-5070	270	15	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	270	16	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	270	17	vote	vote	NOUN
ape-5070	270	18	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	270	19	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	270	20	counted	count	VERB
ape-5070	270	21	fairly	fairly	ADV
ape-5070	270	22	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	271	1	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	271	2	studies	study	NOUN
ape-5070	271	3	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	271	4	shown	show	VERB
ape-5070	271	5	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	271	6	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	271	7	levels	level	NOUN
ape-5070	271	8	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	271	9	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	271	10	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	271	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	271	12	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ape-5070	271	13	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	271	14	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	271	15	depress	depress	VERB
ape-5070	271	16	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	271	17	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	271	18	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	271	19	see	see	VERB
ape-5070	271	20	martinez	martinez	PROPN
ape-5070	271	21	i	i	PRON
ape-5070	271	22	coma	coma	PROPN
ape-5070	271	23	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	271	24	trinh	trinh	PROPN
ape-5070	271	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	271	26	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	271	27	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	271	28	simpser	simpser	NOUN
ape-5070	271	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	271	30	2012	2012	NUM
ape-5070	271	31	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	271	32	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	272	1	those	those	PRON
ape-5070	272	2	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	272	3	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	272	4	faith	faith	NOUN
ape-5070	272	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	272	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	272	7	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	272	8	proved	prove	VERB
ape-5070	272	9	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	272	10	willing	willing	ADJ
ape-5070	272	11	to	to	PART
ape-5070	272	12	cast	cast	VERB
ape-5070	272	13	a	a	DET
ape-5070	272	14	ballot	ballot	NOUN
ape-5070	272	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	272	16	norris	norris	PROPN
ape-5070	272	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	272	18	2012	2012	NUM
ape-5070	272	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	272	20	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-5070	272	21	13	13	NUM
ape-5070	272	22	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	272	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	273	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	273	2	link	link	NOUN
ape-5070	273	3	between	between	ADP
ape-5070	273	4	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	273	5	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ape-5070	273	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	273	7	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	273	8	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	273	9	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ape-5070	273	10	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	273	11	the	the	DET
ape-5070	273	12	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ape-5070	273	13	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	273	14	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	273	15	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	273	16	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	273	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	273	18	lack	lack	NOUN
ape-5070	273	19	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	273	20	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	273	21	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ape-5070	273	22	damages	damage	NOUN
ape-5070	273	23	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ape-5070	273	24	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	273	25	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	273	26	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	273	27	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	273	28	expected	expect	VERB
ape-5070	273	29	to	to	PART
ape-5070	273	30	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	273	31	an	an	DET
ape-5070	273	32	impact	impact	NOUN
ape-5070	273	33	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	273	34	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	273	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	274	1	6	6	X
ape-5070	274	2	.	.	X
ape-5070	274	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ape-5070	274	4	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	274	5	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	274	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	274	7	the	the	DET
ape-5070	274	8	pillars	pillar	NOUN
ape-5070	274	9	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	274	10	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	274	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	274	12	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	274	13	has	have	VERB
ape-5070	274	14	an	an	DET
ape-5070	274	15	inescapably	inescapably	ADV
ape-5070	274	16	ritual	ritual	ADJ
ape-5070	274	17	dimension	dimension	NOUN
ape-5070	274	18	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	274	19	periodically	periodically	ADV
ape-5070	274	20	attracts	attract	VERB
ape-5070	274	21	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	274	22	actors	actor	NOUN
ape-5070	274	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	274	24	thus	thus	ADV
ape-5070	274	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	274	26	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	274	27	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	274	28	become	become	VERB
ape-5070	274	29	a	a	DET
ape-5070	274	30	barometer	barometer	NOUN
ape-5070	274	31	to	to	PART
ape-5070	274	32	measure	measure	VERB
ape-5070	274	33	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	274	34	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	274	35	across	across	ADP
ape-5070	274	36	regions	region	NOUN
ape-5070	274	37	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	274	38	the	the	DET
ape-5070	274	39	world	world	NOUN
ape-5070	274	40	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	275	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	275	2	has	have	AUX
ape-5070	275	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	275	4	after	after	ADP
ape-5070	275	5	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	275	6	decades	decade	NOUN
ape-5070	275	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	275	8	uninterrupted	uninterrupted	ADJ
ape-5070	275	9	civilian	civilian	ADJ
ape-5070	275	10	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	275	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	275	12	keyed	key	VERB
ape-5070	275	13	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	275	14	this	this	DET
ape-5070	275	15	global	global	ADJ
ape-5070	275	16	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
ape-5070	275	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	1	though	though	SCONJ
ape-5070	276	2	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-5070	276	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	276	4	clientelism	clientelism	NOUN
ape-5070	276	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	6	religion	religion	NOUN
ape-5070	276	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	8	class	class	NOUN
ape-5070	276	9	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	276	10	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
ape-5070	276	11	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	276	12	certainly	certainly	ADV
ape-5070	276	13	shape	shape	VERB
ape-5070	276	14	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	276	15	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ape-5070	276	16	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	276	17	african	african	ADJ
ape-5070	276	18	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	276	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	20	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	276	21	evidenced	evidence	VERB
ape-5070	276	22	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	276	23	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	276	24	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	276	25	six	six	NUM
ape-5070	276	26	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ape-5070	276	27	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	276	28	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	276	29	since	since	SCONJ
ape-5070	276	30	1999	1999	NUM
ape-5070	276	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	32	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	33	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	276	34	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-5070	276	35	such	such	ADJ
ape-5070	276	36	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	276	37	elite	elite	ADJ
ape-5070	276	38	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ape-5070	276	39	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	40	crosscutting	crosscut	VERB
ape-5070	276	41	cleavages	cleavage	NOUN
ape-5070	276	42	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	43	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	276	44	ideology	ideology	NOUN
ape-5070	276	45	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	46	government	government	NOUN
ape-5070	276	47	performance	performance	NOUN
ape-5070	276	48	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	49	opposition	opposition	NOUN
ape-5070	276	50	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	276	51	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	52	candidates	candidate	NOUN
ape-5070	276	53	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	276	54	key	key	ADJ
ape-5070	276	55	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-5070	276	56	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	276	57	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	276	58	powerful	powerful	ADJ
ape-5070	276	59	determinants	determinant	NOUN
ape-5070	276	60	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	276	61	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	276	62	intentions	intention	NOUN
ape-5070	276	63	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	64	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	65	mclaughlin	mclaughlin	PROPN
ape-5070	276	66	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	67	2008	2008	NUM
ape-5070	276	68	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	69	basedau	basedau	NOUN
ape-5070	276	70	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	276	71	stroh	stroh	PROPN
ape-5070	276	72	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	73	2011	2011	NUM
ape-5070	276	74	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	276	75	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	277	1	however	however	ADV
ape-5070	277	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	277	3	the	the	DET
ape-5070	277	4	dominance	dominance	NOUN
ape-5070	277	5	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	277	6	primordial	primordial	ADJ
ape-5070	277	7	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	277	8	over	over	ADP
ape-5070	277	9	other	other	ADJ
ape-5070	277	10	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ape-5070	277	11	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-5070	277	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	277	13	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	277	14	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	277	15	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	277	16	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	277	17	worrisome	worrisome	ADJ
ape-5070	277	18	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	277	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	277	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	278	1	this	this	DET
ape-5070	278	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-5070	278	3	establishes	establish	VERB
ape-5070	278	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	278	5	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	278	6	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	278	7	citizen	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	278	8	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ape-5070	278	9	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	278	10	largely	largely	ADV
ape-5070	278	11	propelled	propel	VERB
ape-5070	278	12	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	278	13	different	different	ADJ
ape-5070	278	14	types	type	NOUN
ape-5070	278	15	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	278	16	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ape-5070	278	17	even	even	ADV
ape-5070	278	18	though	though	SCONJ
ape-5070	278	19	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	278	20	motivations	motivation	NOUN
ape-5070	278	21	may	may	AUX
ape-5070	278	22	not	not	PART
ape-5070	278	23	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	278	24	quite	quite	ADV
ape-5070	278	25	so	so	ADV
ape-5070	278	26	clear	clear	ADV
ape-5070	278	27	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	278	28	cut	cut	NOUN
ape-5070	278	29	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	278	30	the	the	DET
ape-5070	278	31	multi	multi	ADJ
ape-5070	278	32	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	278	33	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-5070	278	34	societies	society	NOUN
ape-5070	278	35	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	278	36	sub	sub	ADJ
ape-5070	278	37	-	-	ADJ
ape-5070	278	38	saharan	saharan	ADJ
ape-5070	278	39	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-5070	278	40	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	278	41	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	278	42	non	non	ADJ
ape-5070	278	43	-	-	NOUN
ape-5070	278	44	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ape-5070	278	45	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	278	46	the	the	DET
ape-5070	278	47	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	278	48	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	278	49	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	278	50	particularly	particularly	ADV
ape-5070	278	51	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	278	52	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	278	53	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	278	54	accentuated	accentuate	VERB
ape-5070	278	55	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	278	56	divergent	divergent	ADJ
ape-5070	278	57	factors	factor	NOUN
ape-5070	278	58	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	279	1	considering	consider	VERB
ape-5070	279	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	279	3	fact	fact	NOUN
ape-5070	279	4	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	279	5	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	279	6	provides	provide	VERB
ape-5070	279	7	insight	insight	NOUN
ape-5070	279	8	into	into	ADP
ape-5070	279	9	the	the	DET
ape-5070	279	10	state	state	NOUN
ape-5070	279	11	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	279	12	the	the	DET
ape-5070	279	13	constitutive	constitutive	ADJ
ape-5070	279	14	elements	element	NOUN
ape-5070	279	15	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	279	16	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	279	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	279	18	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	279	19	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	279	20	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	279	21	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	279	22	than	than	ADP
ape-5070	279	23	just	just	ADV
ape-5070	279	24	a	a	DET
ape-5070	279	25	ritual	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	279	26	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	279	27	a	a	DET
ape-5070	279	28	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	279	29	society	society	NOUN
ape-5070	279	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	280	1	given	give	VERB
ape-5070	280	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	280	3	nature	nature	NOUN
ape-5070	280	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	280	5	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	280	6	as	as	ADP
ape-5070	280	7	a	a	DET
ape-5070	280	8	trade	trade	NOUN
ape-5070	280	9	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	280	10	off	off	NOUN
ape-5070	280	11	which	which	PRON
ape-5070	280	12	must	must	AUX
ape-5070	280	13	also	also	ADV
ape-5070	280	14	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	280	15	accepted	accept	VERB
ape-5070	280	16	;	;	PUNCT
ape-5070	280	17	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	280	18	goes	go	VERB
ape-5070	280	19	without	without	ADP
ape-5070	280	20	saying	say	VERB
ape-5070	280	21	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	280	22	no	no	DET
ape-5070	280	23	one	one	NOUN
ape-5070	280	24	can	can	AUX
ape-5070	280	25	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	280	26	everything	everything	PRON
ape-5070	280	27	they	they	PRON
ape-5070	280	28	want	want	VERB
ape-5070	280	29	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	280	30	therefore	therefore	ADV
ape-5070	280	31	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	280	32	“	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	280	33	disappointments	disappointment	NOUN
ape-5070	280	34	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	280	35	slow	slow	ADJ
ape-5070	280	36	progress	progress	NOUN
ape-5070	280	37	must	must	AUX
ape-5070	280	38	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	280	39	tolerated	tolerate	VERB
ape-5070	280	40	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	280	41	order	order	NOUN
ape-5070	280	42	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	280	43	the	the	DET
ape-5070	280	44	entirety	entirety	NOUN
ape-5070	280	45	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	280	46	the	the	DET
ape-5070	280	47	system	system	NOUN
ape-5070	280	48	to	to	PART
ape-5070	280	49	function	function	VERB
ape-5070	280	50	”	"	PUNCT
ape-5070	280	51	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	280	52	kataja	kataja	PROPN
ape-5070	280	53	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	280	54	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	280	55	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	280	56	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	281	1	though	though	SCONJ
ape-5070	281	2	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ape-5070	281	3	to	to	PART
ape-5070	281	4	address	address	VERB
ape-5070	281	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	281	6	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ape-5070	281	7	must	must	AUX
ape-5070	281	8	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	281	9	tackled	tackle	VERB
ape-5070	281	10	if	if	SCONJ
ape-5070	281	11	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	281	12	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	281	13	to	to	PART
ape-5070	281	14	work	work	VERB
ape-5070	281	15	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	281	16	the	the	DET
ape-5070	281	17	future	future	NOUN
ape-5070	281	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	282	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	282	2	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ape-5070	282	3	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	282	4	established	establish	VERB
ape-5070	282	5	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	282	6	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	282	7	to	to	PART
ape-5070	282	8	expand	expand	VERB
ape-5070	282	9	further	far	ADV
ape-5070	282	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	282	11	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ape-5070	282	12	for	for	SCONJ
ape-5070	282	13	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	282	14	to	to	PART
ape-5070	282	15	participate	participate	VERB
ape-5070	282	16	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	282	17	meaningfully	meaningfully	ADV
ape-5070	282	18	influence	influence	VERB
ape-5070	282	19	the	the	DET
ape-5070	282	20	decisions	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	282	21	affecting	affect	VERB
ape-5070	282	22	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	282	23	lives	life	NOUN
ape-5070	282	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	283	1	to	to	PART
ape-5070	283	2	meet	meet	VERB
ape-5070	283	3	this	this	DET
ape-5070	283	4	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ape-5070	283	5	means	mean	VERB
ape-5070	283	6	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ape-5070	283	7	an	an	DET
ape-5070	283	8	equality	equality	NOUN
ape-5070	283	9	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	283	10	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	283	11	rights	right	NOUN
ape-5070	283	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	283	13	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ape-5070	283	14	that	that	PRON
ape-5070	283	15	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	283	16	be	be	AUX
ape-5070	283	17	even	even	ADV
ape-5070	283	18	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	283	19	difficult	difficult	ADJ
ape-5070	283	20	to	to	PART
ape-5070	283	21	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
ape-5070	283	22	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	283	23	a	a	DET
ape-5070	283	24	wider	wide	ADJ
ape-5070	283	25	variety	variety	NOUN
ape-5070	283	26	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	283	27	activities	activity	NOUN
ape-5070	283	28	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	283	29	dalton	dalton	PROPN
ape-5070	283	30	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	283	31	klingemann	klingemann	PROPN
ape-5070	283	32	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	283	33	2011	2011	NUM
ape-5070	283	34	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	283	35	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	284	1	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	284	2	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	284	3	expected	expect	VERB
ape-5070	284	4	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	284	5	a	a	DET
ape-5070	284	6	broader	broad	ADJ
ape-5070	284	7	level	level	NOUN
ape-5070	284	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	284	9	that	that	SCONJ
ape-5070	284	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	284	11	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	284	12	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ape-5070	284	13	should	should	AUX
ape-5070	284	14	build	build	VERB
ape-5070	284	15	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	284	16	sustain	sustain	VERB
ape-5070	284	17	the	the	DET
ape-5070	284	18	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-5070	284	19	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	284	20	governance	governance	NOUN
ape-5070	284	21	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	284	22	diversify	diversify	VERB
ape-5070	284	23	the	the	DET
ape-5070	284	24	economy	economy	NOUN
ape-5070	284	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	284	26	create	create	VERB
ape-5070	284	27	jobs	job	NOUN
ape-5070	284	28	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	284	29	the	the	DET
ape-5070	284	30	burgeoning	burgeon	VERB
ape-5070	284	31	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	284	32	youthful	youthful	ADJ
ape-5070	284	33	population	population	NOUN
ape-5070	284	34	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	284	35	invest	invest	VERB
ape-5070	284	36	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	284	37	the	the	DET
ape-5070	284	38	education	education	NOUN
ape-5070	284	39	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	284	40	health	health	NOUN
ape-5070	284	41	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	284	42	the	the	DET
ape-5070	284	43	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	284	44	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	284	45	reduce	reduce	VERB
ape-5070	284	46	abject	abject	ADJ
ape-5070	284	47	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ape-5070	284	48	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	284	49	the	the	DET
ape-5070	284	50	country	country	NOUN
ape-5070	284	51	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	284	52	a	a	DET
ape-5070	284	53	view	view	NOUN
ape-5070	284	54	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	284	55	impacting	impact	VERB
ape-5070	284	56	positively	positively	ADV
ape-5070	284	57	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	284	58	the	the	DET
ape-5070	284	59	living	live	VERB
ape-5070	284	60	standard	standard	NOUN
ape-5070	284	61	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	284	62	the	the	DET
ape-5070	284	63	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	284	64	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	285	1	with	with	ADP
ape-5070	285	2	these	these	DET
ape-5070	285	3	deliverables	deliverable	NOUN
ape-5070	285	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	285	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	285	6	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	285	7	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	285	8	have	have	AUX
ape-5070	285	9	cause	cause	VERB
ape-5070	285	10	to	to	PART
ape-5070	285	11	adduce	adduce	VERB
ape-5070	285	12	rational	rational	ADJ
ape-5070	285	13	basis	basis	NOUN
ape-5070	285	14	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	285	15	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	285	16	current	current	ADJ
ape-5070	285	17	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	285	18	future	future	ADJ
ape-5070	285	19	civic	civic	ADJ
ape-5070	285	20	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ape-5070	285	21	through	through	ADP
ape-5070	285	22	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	285	23	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	285	24	express	express	ADJ
ape-5070	285	25	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	285	26	through	through	ADP
ape-5070	285	27	their	their	PRON
ape-5070	285	28	actions	action	NOUN
ape-5070	285	29	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	285	30	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	285	31	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	285	32	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	285	33	institutions	institution	NOUN
ape-5070	285	34	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	286	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	286	2	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	286	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	286	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	286	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	286	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	286	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	286	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	287	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	287	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	287	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	287	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	287	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	287	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	287	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	287	8	93	93	NUM
ape-5070	287	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	287	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	287	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	287	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	287	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	287	14	references	references	PROPN
ape-5070	287	15	abang	abang	PROPN
ape-5070	287	16	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	287	17	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-5070	287	18	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	287	19	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	287	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	287	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	288	1	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	288	2	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ape-5070	288	3	apparent	apparent	ADJ
ape-5070	288	4	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	288	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	288	6	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	288	7	local	local	ADJ
ape-5070	288	8	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	288	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	289	1	al	al	PROPN
ape-5070	289	2	jazeera	jazeera	PROPN
ape-5070	289	3	news	news	PROPN
ape-5070	289	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	289	5	march	march	PROPN
ape-5070	289	6	9	9	NUM
ape-5070	289	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	290	1	adedigba	adedigba	PROPN
ape-5070	290	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	290	3	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-5070	290	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	290	5	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	290	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	290	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	291	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-5070	291	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	291	3	lagos	lago	NOUN
ape-5070	291	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	291	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	291	6	problem	problem	NOUN
ape-5070	291	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	291	8	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	291	9	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	291	10	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	291	11	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	291	12	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	291	13	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	291	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	292	1	premium	premium	PROPN
ape-5070	292	2	times	times	PROPN
ape-5070	292	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	292	4	march	march	PROPN
ape-5070	292	5	7	7	NUM
ape-5070	292	6	ajala	ajala	NOUN
ape-5070	292	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	292	8	o.	o.	NOUN
ape-5070	292	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	292	10	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	292	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	292	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	293	1	what	what	PRON
ape-5070	293	2	to	to	PART
ape-5070	293	3	expect	expect	VERB
ape-5070	293	4	as	as	SCONJ
ape-5070	293	5	84	84	NUM
ape-5070	293	6	million	million	NUM
ape-5070	293	7	nigerians	nigerians	PROPN
ape-5070	293	8	go	go	VERB
ape-5070	293	9	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	293	10	the	the	DET
ape-5070	293	11	polls	poll	NOUN
ape-5070	293	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	294	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	294	2	conversation	conversation	NOUN
ape-5070	294	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	294	4	february	february	PROPN
ape-5070	294	5	14	14	NUM
ape-5070	294	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	295	1	basedau	basedau	NOUN
ape-5070	295	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	295	3	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-5070	295	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	295	5	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	295	6	stroh	stroh	PROPN
ape-5070	295	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	295	8	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-5070	295	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	295	10	2011	2011	NUM
ape-5070	295	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	295	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	296	1	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	296	2	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-5070	296	3	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	296	4	african	african	ADJ
ape-5070	296	5	parties	party	NOUN
ape-5070	296	6	really	really	ADV
ape-5070	296	7	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	297	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ape-5070	297	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	297	3	four	four	NUM
ape-5070	297	4	francophone	francophone	NOUN
ape-5070	297	5	countries	country	NOUN
ape-5070	297	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	298	1	international	international	ADJ
ape-5070	298	2	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	298	3	science	science	NOUN
ape-5070	298	4	review	review	NOUN
ape-5070	298	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	298	6	33(1	33(1	NUM
ape-5070	298	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	298	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	298	9	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	298	10	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	298	11	24	24	NUM
ape-5070	298	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	299	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512110391770	https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512110391770	PROPN
ape-5070	299	2	birch	birch	PROPN
ape-5070	299	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	299	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-5070	299	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	299	6	2010	2010	NUM
ape-5070	299	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	299	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	300	1	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ape-5070	300	2	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	300	3	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	300	4	fairness	fairness	NOUN
ape-5070	300	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	300	6	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	300	7	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	300	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	300	9	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ape-5070	300	10	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	300	11	studies	study	NOUN
ape-5070	300	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	300	13	43(12	43(12	NUM
ape-5070	300	14	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	300	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	300	16	1601	1601	NUM
ape-5070	300	17	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	300	18	1622	1622	NUM
ape-5070	300	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	301	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010374021	https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010374021	PROPN
ape-5070	301	2	burklo	burklo	PROPN
ape-5070	301	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	301	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	301	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	301	6	2014	2014	NUM
ape-5070	301	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	301	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	302	1	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	302	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	302	3	a	a	DET
ape-5070	302	4	ritual	ritual	NOUN
ape-5070	302	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	303	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	303	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	303	3	https://www.patheos.com/blogs/faithforward/2014/10/voting-a-ritual-2/	https://www.patheos.com/blogs/faithforward/2014/10/voting-a-ritual-2/	PROPN
ape-5070	303	4	birch	birch	PROPN
ape-5070	303	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	303	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-5070	303	7	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	303	8	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	303	9	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	303	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	304	1	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	304	2	norms	norm	NOUN
ape-5070	304	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	304	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ape-5070	304	5	realities	reality	NOUN
ape-5070	304	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	304	7	approaches	approach	NOUN
ape-5070	304	8	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	304	9	improving	improve	VERB
ape-5070	304	10	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	304	11	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	304	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	305	1	res	res	PROPN
ape-5070	305	2	publica	publica	PROPN
ape-5070	305	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	305	4	24(9	24(9	NUM
ape-5070	305	5	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	305	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	306	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-017-9380-3	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-017-9380-3	PROPN
ape-5070	306	2	cdd	cdd	PROPN
ape-5070	306	3	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	306	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	306	5	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	306	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	306	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	307	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	307	2	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	307	3	trends	trend	NOUN
ape-5070	307	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	308	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	308	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	308	3	https://www.cddwestafrica.org/electoral-trends-in-nigeria/	https://www.cddwestafrica.org/electoral-trends-in-nigeria/	PROPN
ape-5070	308	4	dalton	dalton	PROPN
ape-5070	308	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	308	6	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-5070	308	7	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	308	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	308	9	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	308	10	gray	gray	ADJ
ape-5070	308	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	308	12	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-5070	308	13	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	308	14	2003	2003	NUM
ape-5070	308	15	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	308	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	309	1	expanding	expand	VERB
ape-5070	309	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	309	3	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	309	4	marketplace	marketplace	NOUN
ape-5070	309	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	310	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	310	2	b.	b.	PROPN
ape-5070	310	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-5070	310	4	cain	cain	PROPN
ape-5070	310	5	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	310	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	310	7	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-5070	310	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	310	9	dalton	dalton	PROPN
ape-5070	310	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	310	11	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	310	12	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-5070	310	13	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-5070	310	14	scarrow	scarrow	PROPN
ape-5070	310	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	310	16	eds	ed	NOUN
ape-5070	310	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	310	18	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	310	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	310	20	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	310	21	transformed	transform	VERB
ape-5070	310	22	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	310	23	expanding	expand	VERB
ape-5070	310	24	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	310	25	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ape-5070	310	26	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	310	27	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ape-5070	310	28	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ape-5070	310	29	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	310	30	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	311	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ape-5070	311	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	311	3	england	england	PROPN
ape-5070	311	4	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	311	5	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ape-5070	311	6	university	university	PROPN
ape-5070	311	7	press	press	NOUN
ape-5070	311	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	312	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/0199264996.003.0002	https://doi.org/10.1093/0199264996.003.0002	PROPN
ape-5070	312	2	dalton	dalton	PROPN
ape-5070	312	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	312	4	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-5070	312	5	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	312	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	312	7	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	312	8	klingemann	klingemann	PROPN
ape-5070	312	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	312	10	h.	h.	PROPN
ape-5070	312	11	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	312	12	2011	2011	NUM
ape-5070	312	13	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	312	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	313	1	overview	overview	NOUN
ape-5070	313	2	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	313	3	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	313	4	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	313	5	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	313	6	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	313	7	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
ape-5070	313	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	313	9	citizen	citizen	NOUN
ape-5070	313	10	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	313	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	314	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	314	2	oxford	oxford	PROPN
ape-5070	314	3	handbook	handbook	NOUN
ape-5070	314	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	314	5	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	314	6	science	science	NOUN
ape-5070	314	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	315	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	315	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	315	3	https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199604456.001.0001/oxfordhb-9	https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199604456.001.0001/oxfordhb-9	PROPN
ape-5070	315	4	780199604456	780199604456	PROPN
ape-5070	315	5	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	315	6	e-017?print	e-017?print	NOUN
ape-5070	315	7	=	=	SYM
ape-5070	315	8	pdf	pdf	NOUN
ape-5070	315	9	disalvo	disalvo	NOUN
ape-5070	315	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	315	11	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-5070	315	12	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	315	13	2016	2016	NUM
ape-5070	315	14	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	315	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	316	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	316	2	contagious	contagious	ADJ
ape-5070	316	3	reason	reason	NOUN
ape-5070	316	4	why	why	SCONJ
ape-5070	316	5	millions	million	NOUN
ape-5070	316	6	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	316	7	n’t	not	PART
ape-5070	316	8	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	316	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	317	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	317	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	317	3	https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddisalvo/2016/11/14/the-contagious-reason-why-millions-dontvote/#7f58ce744119	https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddisalvo/2016/11/14/the-contagious-reason-why-millions-dontvote/#7f58ce744119	PROPN
ape-5070	317	4	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	317	5	factbook	factbook	NOUN
ape-5070	317	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	318	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	318	2	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	318	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	318	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	319	1	what	what	PRON
ape-5070	319	2	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	319	3	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	319	4	stake	stake	NOUN
ape-5070	319	5	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	320	1	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	320	2	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	320	3	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	320	4	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	320	5	guide	guide	NOUN
ape-5070	320	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	321	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	321	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	321	3	http://yourbudgit.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/factbook-1.pdf	http://yourbudgit.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/factbook-1.pdf	PROPN
ape-5070	321	4	fakir	fakir	PROPN
ape-5070	321	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	321	6	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-5070	321	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	321	8	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	321	9	sarakinsky	sarakinsky	PROPN
ape-5070	321	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	321	11	i.	i.	PROPN
ape-5070	321	12	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	321	13	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	321	14	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	321	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	322	1	to	to	PART
ape-5070	322	2	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	322	3	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	322	4	not	not	PART
ape-5070	322	5	to	to	PART
ape-5070	322	6	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	322	7	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	323	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	323	2	not	not	PART
ape-5070	323	3	a	a	DET
ape-5070	323	4	rhetorical	rhetorical	ADJ
ape-5070	323	5	question	question	NOUN
ape-5070	323	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	323	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	324	1	business	business	PROPN
ape-5070	324	2	day	day	PROPN
ape-5070	324	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	324	4	january	january	PROPN
ape-5070	324	5	27	27	NUM
ape-5070	324	6	gray	gray	ADJ
ape-5070	324	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	324	8	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-5070	324	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	324	10	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	324	11	caul	caul	PROPN
ape-5070	324	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	324	13	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-5070	324	14	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	324	15	2000	2000	NUM
ape-5070	324	16	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	324	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	325	1	declining	decline	VERB
ape-5070	325	2	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	325	3	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	325	4	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	325	5	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ape-5070	325	6	industrial	industrial	ADJ
ape-5070	325	7	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	325	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	325	9	1950	1950	NUM
ape-5070	325	10	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	325	11	1997	1997	NUM
ape-5070	325	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	325	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	325	14	effects	effect	NOUN
ape-5070	325	15	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	325	16	declining	decline	VERB
ape-5070	325	17	group	group	NOUN
ape-5070	325	18	mobilization	mobilization	NOUN
ape-5070	325	19	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	326	1	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ape-5070	326	2	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	326	3	studies	study	NOUN
ape-5070	326	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	326	5	33	33	NUM
ape-5070	326	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	326	7	1091	1091	NUM
ape-5070	326	8	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	326	9	1122	1122	NUM
ape-5070	326	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	327	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414000033009001	https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414000033009001	PROPN
ape-5070	327	2	ginsburg	ginsburg	PROPN
ape-5070	327	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	327	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-5070	327	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	327	6	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	327	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	327	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	328	1	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	328	2	to	to	PART
ape-5070	328	3	increase	increase	VERB
ape-5070	328	4	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	328	5	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	328	6	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	329	1	new	new	ADJ
ape-5070	329	2	report	report	NOUN
ape-5070	329	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
ape-5070	329	4	automatic	automatic	ADJ
ape-5070	329	5	registration	registration	NOUN
ape-5070	329	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	329	7	ranked	rank	VERB
ape-5070	329	8	choice	choice	NOUN
ape-5070	329	9	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	329	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	330	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	330	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	330	3	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	330	4	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	330	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	330	6	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	330	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	330	8	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	330	9	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	330	10	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	331	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	331	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	331	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	331	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	331	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	331	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	331	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	331	8	94	94	NUM
ape-5070	331	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	331	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	331	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	331	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	331	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	331	14	https://www.fairvote.org/how_to_increase_voter_turnout_new_report_suggests_automatic_registr	https://www.fairvote.org/how_to_increase_voter_turnout_new_report_suggests_automatic_registr	PROPN
ape-5070	331	15	ation_ranked_choice_voting	ation_ranked_choice_vote	VERB
ape-5070	331	16	harder	hard	ADV
ape-5070	331	17	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	331	18	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	331	19	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	331	20	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	331	21	krosnick	krosnick	PROPN
ape-5070	331	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	331	23	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	331	24	a.	a.	PROPN
ape-5070	331	25	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	331	26	2008	2008	NUM
ape-5070	331	27	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	331	28	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	332	1	why	why	SCONJ
ape-5070	332	2	do	do	AUX
ape-5070	332	3	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	332	4	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	332	5	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	333	1	a	a	DET
ape-5070	333	2	psychological	psychological	ADJ
ape-5070	333	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-5070	333	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	333	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	333	6	causes	cause	NOUN
ape-5070	333	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	333	8	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	333	9	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	333	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	334	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ape-5070	334	2	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	334	3	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	334	4	issues	issue	NOUN
ape-5070	334	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	334	6	64(3	64(3	NOUN
ape-5070	334	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	334	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	334	9	525	525	NUM
ape-5070	334	10	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	334	11	549	549	NUM
ape-5070	334	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	334	13	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00576.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00576.x	PROPN
ape-5070	334	14	ilo	ilo	PROPN
ape-5070	334	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	334	16	u.	u.	PROPN
ape-5070	334	17	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	334	18	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	334	19	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	334	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	334	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	335	1	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ape-5070	335	2	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	335	3	’s	’	VERB
ape-5070	335	4	uncertain	uncertain	ADJ
ape-5070	335	5	future	future	NOUN
ape-5070	335	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	336	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	336	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	336	3	https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/nigerian-democracy-s-uncertain-future	https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/nigerian-democracy-s-uncertain-future	PROPN
ape-5070	336	4	kataja	kataja	PROPN
ape-5070	336	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	336	6	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-5070	336	7	k.	k.	PROPN
ape-5070	336	8	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	336	9	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	336	10	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	336	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	337	1	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	337	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	337	3	trials	trial	NOUN
ape-5070	337	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	337	5	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	337	6	towards	towards	ADP
ape-5070	337	7	future	future	ADJ
ape-5070	337	8	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	337	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	338	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	338	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	338	3	https://media.sitra.fi/2017/03/20164121/from_the_trials_of_democracy_towards_future_participa	https://media.sitra.fi/2017/03/20164121/from_the_trials_of_democracy_towards_future_participa	ADJ
ape-5070	338	4	tion.pdf	tion.pdf	X
ape-5070	338	5	kazeem	kazeem	NOUN
ape-5070	338	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	338	7	y.	y.	PROPN
ape-5070	338	8	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	338	9	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	338	10	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	338	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	339	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	339	2	postponement	postponement	NOUN
ape-5070	339	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	339	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	339	5	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	339	6	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	339	7	will	will	AUX
ape-5070	339	8	have	have	VERB
ape-5070	339	9	major	major	ADJ
ape-5070	339	10	human	human	ADJ
ape-5070	339	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	339	12	economic	economic	ADJ
ape-5070	339	13	impact	impact	NOUN
ape-5070	339	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	340	1	quartz	quartz	PROPN
ape-5070	340	2	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-5070	340	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	340	4	february	february	PROPN
ape-5070	340	5	16	16	NUM
ape-5070	340	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	341	1	kersting	kersting	NOUN
ape-5070	341	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	341	3	n.	n.	NOUN
ape-5070	341	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	341	5	2007	2007	NUM
ape-5070	341	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	341	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	342	1	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	342	2	reform	reform	NOUN
ape-5070	342	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	342	4	southern	southern	PROPN
ape-5070	342	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-5070	342	6	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	342	7	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	342	8	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	342	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	342	10	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	342	11	rules	rule	NOUN
ape-5070	342	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	342	13	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ape-5070	342	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	343	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ape-5070	343	2	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	343	3	african	african	ADJ
ape-5070	343	4	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	343	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	343	6	6	6	NUM
ape-5070	343	7	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	343	8	134	134	NUM
ape-5070	343	9	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	343	10	151	151	NUM
ape-5070	343	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	344	1	https://doi.org/10.20940/jae/2007/v6i1a6	https://doi.org/10.20940/jae/2007/v6i1a6	PROPN
ape-5070	344	2	lau	lau	PROPN
ape-5070	344	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	344	4	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-5070	344	5	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-5070	344	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	344	7	kleinberg	kleinberg	PROPN
ape-5070	344	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	344	9	mona	mona	PROPN
ape-5070	344	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	344	11	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-5070	344	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	344	13	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	344	14	tessa	tessa	PROPN
ape-5070	344	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	344	16	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-5070	344	17	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-5070	344	18	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	344	19	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	344	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	344	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	345	1	measuring	measure	VERB
ape-5070	345	2	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	345	3	decision	decision	NOUN
ape-5070	345	4	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ape-5070	345	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	345	6	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	345	7	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ape-5070	345	8	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	345	9	public	public	ADJ
ape-5070	345	10	opinion	opinion	NOUN
ape-5070	345	11	research	research	NOUN
ape-5070	345	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	346	1	public	public	ADJ
ape-5070	346	2	opinion	opinion	NOUN
ape-5070	346	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
ape-5070	346	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	346	5	82(s1	82(s1	NUM
ape-5070	346	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	346	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	346	8	pp	pp	PROPN
ape-5070	346	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	347	1	911	911	NUM
ape-5070	347	2	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	347	3	936	936	NUM
ape-5070	347	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	348	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfy004	https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfy004	PROPN
ape-5070	348	2	lemzy	lemzy	PROPN
ape-5070	348	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	348	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-5070	348	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	348	6	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	348	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	348	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	349	1	here	here	ADV
ape-5070	349	2	’s	’	VERB
ape-5070	349	3	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	349	4	to	to	PART
ape-5070	349	5	increase	increase	VERB
ape-5070	349	6	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	349	7	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	349	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	350	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	350	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	350	3	https://www.textmagic.com/blog/heres-how-to-increase-voter-turnout/	https://www.textmagic.com/blog/heres-how-to-increase-voter-turnout/	PROPN
ape-5070	350	4	mclaughlin	mclaughlin	PROPN
ape-5070	350	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	350	6	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-5070	350	7	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-5070	350	8	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	350	9	2008	2008	NUM
ape-5070	350	10	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	350	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	351	1	racial	racial	ADJ
ape-5070	351	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	351	3	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ape-5070	351	4	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	351	5	rational	rational	ADJ
ape-5070	351	6	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	351	7	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	352	1	splitting	split	VERB
ape-5070	352	2	tickets	ticket	NOUN
ape-5070	352	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	352	4	south	south	PROPN
ape-5070	352	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-5070	352	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	353	1	politikon	politikon	PROPN
ape-5070	353	2	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	353	3	south	south	ADJ
ape-5070	353	4	african	african	ADJ
ape-5070	353	5	journal	journal	NOUN
ape-5070	353	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	353	7	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	353	8	studies	study	NOUN
ape-5070	353	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	353	10	35(1	35(1	NUM
ape-5070	353	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	353	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	353	13	23	23	NUM
ape-5070	353	14	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	353	15	41	41	NUM
ape-5070	353	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	354	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340802113030	https://doi.org/10.1080/02589340802113030	PROPN
ape-5070	354	2	martinez	martinez	PROPN
ape-5070	354	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	354	4	i.	i.	PROPN
ape-5070	354	5	c.	c.	PROPN
ape-5070	354	6	f.	f.	PROPN
ape-5070	354	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	354	8	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	354	9	minh	minh	PROPN
ape-5070	354	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	354	11	t.	t.	PROPN
ape-5070	354	12	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	354	13	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	354	14	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	354	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	355	1	how	how	SCONJ
ape-5070	355	2	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	355	3	integrity	integrity	NOUN
ape-5070	355	4	affects	affect	VERB
ape-5070	355	5	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	355	6	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	355	7	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	355	8	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	355	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	356	1	australian	australian	ADJ
ape-5070	356	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ape-5070	356	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	356	4	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	356	5	science	science	NOUN
ape-5070	356	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	356	7	52(1	52(1	NOUN
ape-5070	356	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	356	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	356	10	53	53	NUM
ape-5070	356	11	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	356	12	74	74	NUM
ape-5070	356	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	357	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2016.1238869	https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2016.1238869	PROPN
ape-5070	357	2	merloe	merloe	NOUN
ape-5070	357	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	357	4	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-5070	357	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	357	6	2009	2009	NUM
ape-5070	357	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	357	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	358	1	human	human	ADJ
ape-5070	358	2	rights	right	NOUN
ape-5070	358	3	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	358	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	358	5	basis	basis	NOUN
ape-5070	358	6	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	358	7	inclusiveness	inclusiveness	NOUN
ape-5070	358	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	358	9	transparency	transparency	NOUN
ape-5070	358	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	358	11	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ape-5070	358	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	358	13	public	public	ADJ
ape-5070	358	14	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ape-5070	358	15	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	358	16	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	358	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	359	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	359	2	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	359	3	h.	h.	PROPN
ape-5070	359	4	young	young	PROPN
ape-5070	359	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	359	6	ed	ed	NOUN
ape-5070	359	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	359	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	359	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	359	10	international	international	ADJ
ape-5070	359	11	principles	principle	NOUN
ape-5070	359	12	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	359	13	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	359	14	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	359	15	the	the	DET
ape-5070	359	16	rule	rule	NOUN
ape-5070	359	17	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	359	18	law	law	NOUN
ape-5070	359	19	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	359	20	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-5070	359	21	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	359	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	359	23	pp	pp	ADJ
ape-5070	359	24	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	360	1	18	18	NUM
ape-5070	360	2	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	360	3	20	20	NUM
ape-5070	360	4	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	360	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	361	1	mortimore	mortimore	PROPN
ape-5070	361	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	361	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-5070	361	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	361	5	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	361	6	gill	gill	PROPN
ape-5070	361	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	361	8	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-5070	361	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	361	10	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	361	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	361	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	362	1	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	362	2	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	362	3	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	362	4	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	362	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	362	6	public	public	ADJ
ape-5070	362	7	view	view	NOUN
ape-5070	362	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	363	1	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	363	2	l.	l.	PROPN
ape-5070	363	3	baston	baston	PROPN
ape-5070	363	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	363	5	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	363	6	k.	k.	PROPN
ape-5070	363	7	ritchie	ritchie	PROPN
ape-5070	363	8	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	363	9	eds	eds	PROPN
ape-5070	363	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	363	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	363	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	363	13	turning	turn	VERB
ape-5070	363	14	out	out	ADP
ape-5070	363	15	or	or	CCONJ
ape-5070	363	16	turning	turn	VERB
ape-5070	363	17	off	off	ADP
ape-5070	363	18	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	364	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	364	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	364	3	https	https	NOUN
ape-5070	364	4	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	364	5	https://www.electoral	https://www.electoral	PROPN
ape-5070	364	6	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	364	7	reform.org.uk	reform.org.uk	PROPN
ape-5070	364	8	/	/	SYM
ape-5070	364	9	wp	wp	NOUN
ape-5070	364	10	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	364	11	content	content	NOUN
ape-5070	364	12	/	/	SYM
ape-5070	364	13	uploads/2017/06	uploads/2017/06	NOUN
ape-5070	364	14	/	/	SYM
ape-5070	364	15	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	364	16	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	364	17	disengagement	disengagement	NOUN
ape-5070	364	18	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	364	19	a	a	DET
ape-5070	364	20	nd-what-can-be-done-about-it.pdf	nd-what-can-be-done-about-it.pdf	X
ape-5070	364	21	norris	norris	NOUN
ape-5070	364	22	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	364	23	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-5070	364	24	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	364	25	2002	2002	NUM
ape-5070	364	26	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	364	27	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	365	1	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ape-5070	365	2	phoenix	phoenix	PROPN
ape-5070	365	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	365	4	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	365	5	activism	activism	NOUN
ape-5070	365	6	worldwide	worldwide	ADV
ape-5070	365	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	366	1	new	new	PROPN
ape-5070	366	2	york	york	PROPN
ape-5070	366	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	366	4	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ape-5070	366	5	university	university	PROPN
ape-5070	366	6	press	press	NOUN
ape-5070	366	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	367	1	https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511610073	https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511610073	NOUN
ape-5070	367	2	braha	braha	PROPN
ape-5070	367	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	367	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-5070	367	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	367	6	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	367	7	de	de	X
ape-5070	367	8	aguiar	aguiar	PROPN
ape-5070	367	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	367	10	m.	m.	NOUN
ape-5070	367	11	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	367	12	2017	2017	NUM
ape-5070	367	13	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	367	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	368	1	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	368	2	contagion	contagion	NOUN
ape-5070	368	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	368	4	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ape-5070	368	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	368	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ape-5070	368	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	368	8	a	a	DET
ape-5070	368	9	century	century	NOUN
ape-5070	368	10	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	368	11	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ape-5070	368	12	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	368	13	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ape-5070	368	14	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	368	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	369	1	plos	plos	PROPN
ape-5070	369	2	one	one	NUM
ape-5070	369	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	369	4	12(5	12(5	NUM
ape-5070	369	5	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	369	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	369	7	e0177970	e0177970	PROPN
ape-5070	369	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	370	1	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177970	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177970	PROPN
ape-5070	370	2	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	370	3	advances	advance	NOUN
ape-5070	370	4	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	370	5	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	370	6	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	370	7	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	370	8	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	370	9	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	371	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	371	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	371	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	371	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	371	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	371	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	371	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	371	8	95	95	NUM
ape-5070	371	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	371	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	371	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	371	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	371	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	371	14	nakhaie	nakhaie	PROPN
ape-5070	371	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	371	16	m.	m.	PROPN
ape-5070	371	17	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-5070	371	18	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	371	19	2006	2006	NUM
ape-5070	371	20	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	371	21	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	372	1	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	372	2	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	372	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	372	4	municipal	municipal	ADJ
ape-5070	372	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	372	6	provincial	provincial	ADJ
ape-5070	372	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	372	8	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-5070	372	9	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	372	10	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	372	11	canada	canada	PROPN
ape-5070	372	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	373	1	canadian	canadian	PROPN
ape-5070	373	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ape-5070	373	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	373	4	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	373	5	science	science	NOUN
ape-5070	373	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	373	7	39(2	39(2	NUM
ape-5070	373	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	373	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	373	10	pp	pp	PROPN
ape-5070	373	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	374	1	363	363	NUM
ape-5070	374	2	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	374	3	390	390	NUM
ape-5070	374	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	375	1	https://doi.org/10.1017/s000842390606015x	https://doi.org/10.1017/s000842390606015x	PROPN
ape-5070	375	2	beck	beck	PROPN
ape-5070	375	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	375	4	p.	p.	PROPN
ape-5070	375	5	a	a	X
ape-5070	375	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	375	7	dalton	dalton	PROPN
ape-5070	375	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	375	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-5070	375	10	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	375	11	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	375	12	greene	greene	PROPN
ape-5070	375	13	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	375	14	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-5070	375	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	375	16	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	375	17	huckfeldt	huckfeldt	PROPN
ape-5070	375	18	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	375	19	r.	r.	PROPN
ape-5070	375	20	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	375	21	2002	2002	NUM
ape-5070	375	22	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	375	23	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	376	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	376	2	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	376	3	calculus	calculus	NOUN
ape-5070	376	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	376	5	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	376	6	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	376	7	interpersonal	interpersonal	ADJ
ape-5070	376	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	376	9	media	medium	NOUN
ape-5070	376	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	376	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	376	12	organizational	organizational	ADJ
ape-5070	376	13	influences	influence	NOUN
ape-5070	376	14	on	on	ADP
ape-5070	376	15	presidential	presidential	ADJ
ape-5070	376	16	choices	choice	NOUN
ape-5070	376	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	377	1	am	be	AUX
ape-5070	377	2	polit	polit	PROPN
ape-5070	377	3	sci	sci	PROPN
ape-5070	377	4	rev	rev	PROPN
ape-5070	377	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	377	6	96(1	96(1	NUM
ape-5070	377	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	377	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	377	9	57	57	NUM
ape-5070	377	10	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	377	11	73	73	NUM
ape-5070	377	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	378	1	https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402004239	https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402004239	NUM
ape-5070	378	2	nickerson	nickerson	PROPN
ape-5070	378	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	378	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-5070	378	5	w.	w.	PROPN
ape-5070	378	6	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	378	7	2008	2008	NUM
ape-5070	378	8	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	378	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	379	1	is	be	AUX
ape-5070	379	2	voting	vote	VERB
ape-5070	379	3	contagious	contagious	ADJ
ape-5070	379	4	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	380	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ape-5070	380	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	380	3	two	two	NUM
ape-5070	380	4	field	field	NOUN
ape-5070	380	5	experiments	experiment	NOUN
ape-5070	380	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	381	1	am	be	AUX
ape-5070	381	2	polit	polit	PROPN
ape-5070	381	3	sci	sci	PROPN
ape-5070	381	4	rev	rev	PROPN
ape-5070	381	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	381	6	102(01	102(01	NUM
ape-5070	381	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	381	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	381	9	49	49	NUM
ape-5070	381	10	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	381	11	57	57	NUM
ape-5070	381	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	382	1	https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055408080039	https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055408080039	NUM
ape-5070	382	2	obasi	obasi	NOUN
ape-5070	382	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	382	4	n.	n.	NOUN
ape-5070	382	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	382	6	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	382	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	382	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	383	1	winning	win	VERB
ape-5070	383	2	back	back	ADP
ape-5070	383	3	trust	trust	NOUN
ape-5070	383	4	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	383	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	383	6	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	383	7	rescheduled	reschedule	VERB
ape-5070	383	8	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	383	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	384	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	384	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	384	3	https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/nigeria/winning-back-trust-nigerias-rescheduled-ele	https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/nigeria/winning-back-trust-nigerias-rescheduled-ele	PROPN
ape-5070	384	4	ctions	ctions	PROPN
ape-5070	384	5	ojetunde	ojetunde	PROPN
ape-5070	384	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	384	7	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-5070	384	8	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	384	9	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	384	10	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	384	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	385	1	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	385	2	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	385	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	385	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ape-5070	385	5	has	have	VERB
ape-5070	385	6	the	the	DET
ape-5070	385	7	lowest	low	ADJ
ape-5070	385	8	rate	rate	NOUN
ape-5070	385	9	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	385	10	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	385	11	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	385	12	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	385	13	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-5070	385	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	386	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	386	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	386	3	https://www.icirnigeria.org/2019-election-nigeria-has-the-lowest-voter-turnout-in-africa/	https://www.icirnigeria.org/2019-election-nigeria-has-the-lowest-voter-turnout-in-africa/	ADJ
ape-5070	386	4	open	open	ADJ
ape-5070	386	5	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	386	6	data	datum	NOUN
ape-5070	386	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	387	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	387	2	n.d	n.d	PROPN
ape-5070	387	3	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	387	4	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	387	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	388	1	key	key	ADJ
ape-5070	388	2	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	388	3	process	process	NOUN
ape-5070	388	4	categories	category	NOUN
ape-5070	388	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	389	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	389	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	389	3	https://openelectiondata.net/en/guide/key-categories/election-results/	https://openelectiondata.net/en/guide/key-categories/election-results/	PROPN
ape-5070	389	4	powell	powell	PROPN
ape-5070	389	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	389	6	b.	b.	PROPN
ape-5070	389	7	g.	g.	PROPN
ape-5070	389	8	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	389	9	1982	1982	NUM
ape-5070	389	10	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	389	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	390	1	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ape-5070	390	2	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	390	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	390	4	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	390	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	390	6	stability	stability	NOUN
ape-5070	390	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	390	8	violence	violence	NOUN
ape-5070	390	9	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	391	1	harvard	harvard	PROPN
ape-5070	391	2	university	university	PROPN
ape-5070	391	3	press	press	PROPN
ape-5070	391	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	391	5	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ape-5070	391	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	392	1	pammett	pammett	PROPN
ape-5070	392	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	392	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	392	4	h.	h.	PROPN
ape-5070	392	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	392	6	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	392	7	lawrence	lawrence	PROPN
ape-5070	392	8	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	392	9	l.	l.	PROPN
ape-5070	392	10	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	392	11	2003	2003	NUM
ape-5070	392	12	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	392	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	393	1	explaining	explain	VERB
ape-5070	393	2	the	the	DET
ape-5070	393	3	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	393	4	decline	decline	NOUN
ape-5070	393	5	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	393	6	canadian	canadian	ADJ
ape-5070	393	7	federal	federal	ADJ
ape-5070	393	8	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	393	9	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	393	10	a	a	DET
ape-5070	393	11	new	new	ADJ
ape-5070	393	12	survey	survey	NOUN
ape-5070	393	13	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	393	14	non	non	NOUN
ape-5070	393	15	-	-	NOUN
ape-5070	393	16	voters	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	393	17	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	394	1	ottawa	ottawa	PROPN
ape-5070	394	2	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	395	1	elections	elections	PROPN
ape-5070	395	2	canada	canada	PROPN
ape-5070	395	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	395	4	79	79	NUM
ape-5070	395	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	396	1	resnick	resnick	PROPN
ape-5070	396	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	396	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-5070	396	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	396	5	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	396	6	casale	casale	PROPN
ape-5070	396	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	396	8	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-5070	396	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	396	10	2011	2011	NUM
ape-5070	396	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	396	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	397	1	the	the	DET
ape-5070	397	2	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	397	3	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	397	4	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	397	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-5070	397	6	’s	’s	PART
ape-5070	397	7	youth	youth	NOUN
ape-5070	397	8	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	397	9	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	397	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	397	11	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
ape-5070	397	12	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	397	13	protest	protest	NOUN
ape-5070	397	14	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	397	15	afrobarometer	afrobarometer	ADV
ape-5070	397	16	working	work	VERB
ape-5070	397	17	papers	paper	NOUN
ape-5070	397	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	398	1	working	work	VERB
ape-5070	398	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-5070	398	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	398	4	136	136	NUM
ape-5070	398	5	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	399	1	root	root	NOUN
ape-5070	399	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	399	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-5070	399	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	399	5	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	399	6	kennedy	kennedy	PROPN
ape-5070	399	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	399	8	l.	l.	PROPN
ape-5070	399	9	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	399	10	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	399	11	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	399	12	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	400	1	increasing	increase	VERB
ape-5070	400	2	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	400	3	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	400	4	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	400	5	america	america	PROPN
ape-5070	400	6	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	400	7	policies	policy	NOUN
ape-5070	400	8	to	to	PART
ape-5070	400	9	drive	drive	VERB
ape-5070	400	10	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	400	11	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	400	12	make	make	VERB
ape-5070	400	13	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	400	14	more	more	ADV
ape-5070	400	15	convenient	convenient	ADJ
ape-5070	400	16	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	401	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	401	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	401	3	https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/democracy/reports/2018/07/11/453319/increasing-voterparticipation-america/	https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/democracy/reports/2018/07/11/453319/increasing-voterparticipation-america/	NOUN
ape-5070	401	4	riker	riker	PROPN
ape-5070	401	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	401	6	w.	w.	PROPN
ape-5070	401	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	401	8	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	401	9	ordeshook	ordeshook	VERB
ape-5070	401	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	401	11	p.	p.	NOUN
ape-5070	401	12	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	401	13	1968	1968	NUM
ape-5070	401	14	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	401	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	402	1	a	a	DET
ape-5070	402	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ape-5070	402	3	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	402	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	402	5	calculus	calculus	NOUN
ape-5070	402	6	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	402	7	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	402	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	403	1	american	american	ADJ
ape-5070	403	2	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	403	3	science	science	PROPN
ape-5070	403	4	review	review	PROPN
ape-5070	403	5	62(1	62(1	NOUN
ape-5070	403	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	403	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	403	8	25	25	NUM
ape-5070	403	9	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	403	10	42	42	NUM
ape-5070	403	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	404	1	https://doi.org/10.2307/1953324	https://doi.org/10.2307/1953324	PROPN
ape-5070	404	2	solijonov	solijonov	NOUN
ape-5070	404	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	404	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-5070	404	5	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	404	6	2016	2016	NUM
ape-5070	404	7	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	404	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	405	1	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	405	2	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	405	3	trends	trend	NOUN
ape-5070	405	4	around	around	ADP
ape-5070	405	5	the	the	DET
ape-5070	405	6	world	world	NOUN
ape-5070	405	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	406	1	international	international	PROPN
ape-5070	406	2	institute	institute	PROPN
ape-5070	406	3	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	406	4	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	406	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	406	6	electoral	electoral	ADJ
ape-5070	406	7	assistance	assistance	NOUN
ape-5070	406	8	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	407	1	tambe	tambe	NOUN
ape-5070	407	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	407	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ape-5070	407	4	b.	b.	PROPN
ape-5070	408	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	408	2	2018	2018	NUM
ape-5070	408	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	408	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	409	1	who	who	PRON
ape-5070	409	2	does	do	AUX
ape-5070	409	3	not	not	PART
ape-5070	409	4	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	409	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	409	6	why	why	SCONJ
ape-5070	409	7	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	410	1	implication	implication	NOUN
ape-5070	410	2	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	410	3	new	new	ADJ
ape-5070	410	4	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	410	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	410	6	elections	election	NOUN
ape-5070	410	7	a	a	DET
ape-5070	410	8	global	global	ADJ
ape-5070	410	9	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ape-5070	410	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	411	1	ryan	ryan	PROPN
ape-5070	411	2	m.	m.	PROPN
ape-5070	411	3	yonk	yonk	PROPN
ape-5070	411	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	411	5	intech	intech	PROPN
ape-5070	411	6	open	open	VERB
ape-5070	411	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	412	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	412	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	412	3	https://www.intechopen.com/books/elections-a-global-perspective/who-does-not-vote-and-why-i	https://www.intechopen.com/books/elections-a-global-perspective/who-does-not-vote-and-why-i	PROPN
ape-5070	412	4	mplication	mplication	NOUN
ape-5070	412	5	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	412	6	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	412	7	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	412	8	new	new	ADJ
ape-5070	412	9	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	412	10	democracies	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	412	11	tucker	tucker	PROPN
ape-5070	412	12	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	412	13	h.	h.	PROPN
ape-5070	412	14	j.	j.	PROPN
ape-5070	412	15	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	412	16	2004	2004	NUM
ape-5070	412	17	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	412	18	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	413	1	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	413	2	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	413	3	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	413	4	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	413	5	american	american	ADJ
ape-5070	413	6	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	413	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	413	8	paper	paper	NOUN
ape-5070	413	9	prepared	prepare	VERB
ape-5070	413	10	for	for	ADP
ape-5070	413	11	presentation	presentation	NOUN
ape-5070	413	12	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	413	13	the	the	DET
ape-5070	413	14	ecpr	ecpr	ADJ
ape-5070	413	15	joint	joint	ADJ
ape-5070	413	16	sessions	session	NOUN
ape-5070	413	17	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	413	18	workshops	workshop	NOUN
ape-5070	413	19	workshop	workshop	VERB
ape-5070	413	20	9	9	NUM
ape-5070	413	21	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	413	22	low	low	ADJ
ape-5070	413	23	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	413	24	-	-	PUNCT
ape-5070	413	25	does	do	AUX
ape-5070	413	26	it	it	PRON
ape-5070	413	27	matter	matter	VERB
ape-5070	413	28	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	414	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	414	2	uppsala	uppsala	PROPN
ape-5070	414	3	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	414	4	april	april	PROPN
ape-5070	414	5	2004	2004	NUM
ape-5070	414	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	414	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	415	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ape	NOUN
ape-5070	415	2	advances	advance	VERB
ape-5070	415	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	415	4	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	415	5	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	415	6	economics	economic	NOUN
ape-5070	415	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ape-5070	415	8	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	416	1	5	5	NUM
ape-5070	416	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	416	3	no	no	INTJ
ape-5070	416	4	.	.	NOUN
ape-5070	416	5	3	3	NUM
ape-5070	416	6	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	416	7	2022	2022	NUM
ape-5070	416	8	96	96	NUM
ape-5070	416	9	published	publish	VERB
ape-5070	416	10	by	by	ADP
ape-5070	416	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
ape-5070	416	12	inc	inc	PROPN
ape-5070	416	13	.	.	PROPN
ape-5070	416	14	timsit	timsit	PROPN
ape-5070	416	15	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	416	16	a.	a.	NOUN
ape-5070	416	17	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	416	18	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	416	19	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	416	20	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	417	1	why	why	SCONJ
ape-5070	417	2	are	be	AUX
ape-5070	417	3	belgians	belgian	NOUN
ape-5070	417	4	so	so	ADV
ape-5070	417	5	much	much	ADV
ape-5070	417	6	better	well	ADJ
ape-5070	417	7	at	at	ADP
ape-5070	417	8	voting	voting	NOUN
ape-5070	417	9	than	than	ADP
ape-5070	417	10	everyone	everyone	PRON
ape-5070	417	11	else	else	ADV
ape-5070	417	12	?	?	PUNCT
ape-5070	418	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	418	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	418	3	https://qz.com/1605690/european-election-belgiums-voter-turnout-rate-is-an-outlier/	https://qz.com/1605690/european-election-belgiums-voter-turnout-rate-is-an-outlier/	PROPN
ape-5070	418	4	verba	verba	NOUN
ape-5070	418	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	418	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-5070	418	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	418	8	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	418	9	norman	norman	PROPN
ape-5070	418	10	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	418	11	n.	n.	PROPN
ape-5070	418	12	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	418	13	1972	1972	NUM
ape-5070	418	14	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	418	15	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	419	1	participation	participation	NOUN
ape-5070	419	2	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	419	3	america	america	PROPN
ape-5070	419	4	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	419	5	political	political	ADJ
ape-5070	419	6	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ape-5070	419	7	and	and	CCONJ
ape-5070	419	8	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	419	9	equality	equality	NOUN
ape-5070	419	10	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	420	1	new	new	PROPN
ape-5070	420	2	york	york	PROPN
ape-5070	420	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	420	4	harper	harper	PROPN
ape-5070	420	5	&	&	CCONJ
ape-5070	420	6	row	row	PROPN
ape-5070	420	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	421	1	varinsky	varinsky	PROPN
ape-5070	421	2	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	421	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-5070	421	4	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	421	5	2016	2016	NUM
ape-5070	421	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	421	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	422	1	11	11	NUM
ape-5070	422	2	ways	way	NOUN
ape-5070	422	3	to	to	PART
ape-5070	422	4	get	get	VERB
ape-5070	422	5	more	more	ADJ
ape-5070	422	6	people	people	NOUN
ape-5070	422	7	to	to	PART
ape-5070	422	8	vote	vote	VERB
ape-5070	422	9	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	422	10	according	accord	VERB
ape-5070	422	11	to	to	ADP
ape-5070	422	12	designers	designer	NOUN
ape-5070	422	13	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	423	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	423	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	423	3	https://www.businessinsider.com/how-designers-increase-voter-turnout-2016-10?ir=t	https://www.businessinsider.com/how-designers-increase-voter-turnout-2016-10?ir=t	PROPN
ape-5070	423	4	west	west	PROPN
ape-5070	423	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-5070	423	6	brief	brief	PROPN
ape-5070	423	7	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	424	1	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	424	2	2019	2019	NUM
ape-5070	424	3	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	424	4	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	425	1	voter	voter	NOUN
ape-5070	425	2	turnout	turnout	NOUN
ape-5070	425	3	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	425	4	west	west	PROPN
ape-5070	425	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ape-5070	425	6	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	426	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ape-5070	426	2	from	from	ADP
ape-5070	426	3	http://www.west-africa-brief.org/content/en/voter-turnout-west-africa	http://www.west-africa-brief.org/content/en/voter-turnout-west-africa	PROPN
ape-5070	426	4	mcclurg	mcclurg	PROPN
ape-5070	426	5	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	426	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ape-5070	426	7	d.	d.	PROPN
ape-5070	426	8	(	(	PUNCT
ape-5070	426	9	2004	2004	NUM
ape-5070	426	10	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	426	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	427	1	indirect	indirect	ADJ
ape-5070	427	2	mobilization	mobilization	NOUN
ape-5070	427	3	:	:	PUNCT
ape-5070	427	4	the	the	DET
ape-5070	427	5	social	social	ADJ
ape-5070	427	6	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ape-5070	427	7	of	of	ADP
ape-5070	427	8	party	party	NOUN
ape-5070	427	9	contacts	contact	NOUN
ape-5070	427	10	in	in	ADP
ape-5070	427	11	an	an	DET
ape-5070	427	12	election	election	NOUN
ape-5070	427	13	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ape-5070	427	14	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	428	1	american	american	ADJ
ape-5070	428	2	politics	politic	NOUN
ape-5070	428	3	research	research	NOUN
ape-5070	428	4	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	428	5	32(july	32(july	NUM
ape-5070	428	6	)	)	PUNCT
ape-5070	428	7	,	,	PUNCT
ape-5070	428	8	406	406	NUM
ape-5070	428	9	-	-	SYM
ape-5070	428	10	343	343	NUM
ape-5070	428	11	.	.	PUNCT
ape-5070	429	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673x03260581	https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673x03260581	NOUN