Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 19-46 Research on Extension Strategy Generation of Sustainable Utilization of Regional Water Resources Qiaoxing Li1,2 and Naiang Wang2 1School of Management, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, PR China; 2College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, PR China. Abstract Sustainable utilization of water resources has been a global issue of common concern. Under the prerequisites to meet the development need of the region’s population, resources, environment and economy, we should solve simultaneously both water crisis and ecological environment construction, which may be more important for the arid and semi-arid regions. Although a lot of results in other aspects of sustainable utilization of water resources have been achieved, it has not been discussed how to generate the strategies to deal with the contradictory problem between water crisis and ecological environment construction. In this paper, Extension Analysis and Extension Transformation were utilized to gener- ate a variety of innovative schemes for sustainable utilization of water resources. By using an appropriate evaluation methodology, we chosen one or more excellent schemes and changed them into the specific programs that can be implemented in practice. The strategy generation process can be achieved by computer soft- ware, which makes the decision-making be intelligent. The extension generation method provides a formalized and quantitative way for effectively solving water crisis and ecological environment construction, and clarifies the relevant depart- ments ideas. It is also fit for basin water resources. Keywords Sustainable utilization of water resources; Water crisis; Ecological en- vironment; Utilization strategy; Extensible methods 1 Introduction As society and economy developed, the demand of water increased. However, the available water provided by the natural world is limit. At present, the water resources problem in the world especially the arid and semi-arid regions is becom- ing more and more serious, and it mainly shows that water scarcity is increasing and water conflicts are of comprehensive intensification. Initially, the water man- agement only focused on some aspects of water utilization and protection such as supply, irrigation, hydropower and others. The traditional management ways of water supply and decentralized sectors ignored the integrity of natural envi- ronment and the diversity of water use. Therefore, we could not coordinate the various water relations and did not achieve the sustainable utilization of water 20 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... resources. In order to avoid this deficiency, some scholars have proposed in- tegrated management of water resources which unified water, land and related resources into a jointly development[1-6]. Other scholars believed that the fun- damental way to ease the water crisis and the eco-environment destruction is to implement sustainable management of water resources[7,8]. They considered the development and utilization of water resources together with the complex system of social economy - water resources - ecological environment, and inquired the concrete pathway of water sustainable development, which means that we should support the coordinated development among population, resources, environment and economy, and meet the water needs of intrageneration and intergeneration of human being under the promise of maintaining the social continuity and the ecosystem integrity. Sustainability is the most rational utilization pattern to inte- grate the development, utilization, protection, control and management of water resources, and the essence of sustainable utilization is to coordinate water uti- lization with environmental protection, economic growth and social developmen- t. Many results of sustainable utilization of water resources have been achieved, such as Efficiency evaluation of water use[9-11], Water allocation problem[12- 14], Ecological environment impacts[5, 6, 15], Analysis for present situation and countermeasures[16], and Rules establishment and construction which included effective system of water property, open water market, reasonable emerged mech- anism of water price and complete management system of water resources[9-10], and so on. Although scholars have made abundant achievements in many aspects of the sustainable utilization of water resources, we are still hard to coordinate the de- velopment among population quality, natural resources, living environment and national economy, and can not accurately grasp the quantitative relationship between the water crisis and the construction of ecosystem. To study the strat- egy generation methods of sustainable utilization of water resources is helpful for solving the relationship between the water crisis and the eco-environment construction in practice, and improving the decision-making capacity of water resources management. It has more practical significance to support the sustain- able development of nature, economy and society. The following sections of this paper are below. We introduced some basic knowledge of Extenics in Section 2, and proposed extension strategy generation step of sustainable utilization of regional water resources in Section 3. The ex- tension planning process of sustainable utilization is introduced in Section 4, and we give a modified case in Section 5. At the end of this paper, a conclusion is given. Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 21 2 Preliminaries of Extenics Extenics is an original interdisciplinary which was put forward by a Chinese scholar in 1983. It discusses the rules and methods of extension and innovation of objective things by using the formalized models, which are utilized to solve the contradictory problems. Contradictory means that people’s goals can not be reached in current conditions[17]. At present, the contents of Extenics include basic-element theory, extension set theory and extension logic. For the sake of simplicity and convenience, we only introduce the knowledge of basic-element theory that will be utilized in this paper. Basic-element theory includes Extensible Analysis Theory (EAT), Conjugate Analysis Theory (CAT) and Extension Transformation Theory (ETT). EAT includes Divergence Analysis Theory, Correlative Analysis Theory, Implication Analysis Theory and Opening-up Analysis Theory. CAT includes Nonmaterial and Material Conjugate Analysis, Soft and Hard Conjugate Analysis, Latent and Apparent Conjugate Analysis as well as Negative and Positive Conjugate Analy- sis. ETT includes Basic Extension Transformations, Conductive Transformation and Conjugate Transformation, Calculation of Extension Transformations and Nature of Extension Transformations. All of knowledge above will be introduced below and can be seen in [17]. Firstly, we introduce the basic concept of basic-element, which includes matter- element, affair-element and relation-element. Basic-element is a logical cell of Extenics. Definition 2.1: An ordered triple M = (Om, cm, vm), which is as the funda- mental element for matter description composed of matter Om, the characteristic cm of Omand the value vm of Om about cm, is called as one-dimensional matter- element. Furthermore, the following array composed of matter Om, n-names of characteristics of cm1, cm2,· · · , cmn and the corresponding value vmi of Om about cmi (i = 1, 2, · · · , n) M =  Om cm1 vm1 cm2 vm2 ... ... cmn vmn  = (Om, Cm, Vm) or M = [ Om cm1 · · · cmn vm1 · · · vmn ] , is n-dimensional matter-element, where Cm = [cm1, cm2, · · · , cmn] T and Vm = [vm1, vm2, · · · , vmn] T . Definition 2.2: The ordered triple A = (Oa, ca, va,) as the fundamental element for affair description composed of the action Oa, the characteristic cm of Oa and the value va of Oa about ca, is called one-dimensional affair-element. Furthermore, the following array composed of action Oa, n characteristics of ca1, 22 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... ca2,· · · , can and the obtained value vai of Oa about cmi (i=1,2,· · · ,n) A =  Oa ca1 va1 ca2 va2 ... ... can van  = (Oa, Ca, Va) or A = [ Oa ca1 · · · can va1 · · · van ] , is n-dimensional affair-element, where Ca = [ca1, ca2, · · · , can]T and Va = [va1, va2, · · · , van]T . Definition 2.3: The n-dimensional array composed of relative or relation symbol (refer to as relation name) Or, n characteristics cri of Or and the corre- sponding value vri of Or about cri (i=1,2,· · · ,n) which is as the following: R =  Or cr1 vr1 cr2 vr2 ... ... crn vrn  = (Or, Cr, Vr) or R = [ Or cr1 · · · crn vr1 · · · vrn ] , where Cr = [cr1, cr2, · · · , crn]T and Vr = [vr1, vr2, · · · , vrn]T , and R describes the relation between vr1 and vr2, is n-dimensional relation-element. Because the relation-element R often contains the same characteristics such as antecedent cr1, consequent cr2, degree cr3, maintaining mode cr4, contact chan- nel cr5, contact method cr6, location cr7, and so on, we simply denote it as R (Or, Vr1, Vr2, · · · ). Definition 2.4: Matter-element, Affair-element and Relation-element are col- lectively referred to as Basic-element which is expressed as B =  O c1 v1 c2 v2 ... ... cn vn  = (O,C, V ) or B = [ O c1 · · · cn v1 · · · vn ] , where O (Object) indicates a certain object (matter, action or relation), and ci is a characteristic of object O, and vi is the corresponding value of O about ci (i=1, 2, · · · , n), and C = [c1, c2, · · · , cn]T and V = [v1, v2, · · · , vn]T . Secondly, we introduce the principles of extensible analysis which include di- vergent, correlative, implication and opening-up ones below: Principle 2.1 (Principle of divergent analysis): From one basic-element, multiple basic- elements with the same object (or characteristic) can be extended, and the set of basic-elements with the same object (or characteristic) must be non-empty. Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 23 Inference 2.1: From one basic-element, multiple basic-elements with the same object and value (or with the same characteristic and value, or with the same object and characteristic) can be extended. Definition 2.5: Given two sets of basic-elements {B1} and {B2}, for any B1 ∈ {B1}, if there is at least one B2 ∈ {B2} to let B1 corresponds to B2 , then {B1} and {B2} are correlative and we denote them as {B1} ∼ {B2}. In particular, as to the sets of basic-elements {B1} and {B2} with c0 as their eval- uated characteristic, for any B1 ∈ {B1}, if there is at least one B2 ∈ {B2} to let c0(B2) = f(c0(B1)), then {B1} and {B2} are correlative about the evaluated characteristics c0 and it is denoted as {B1} ∼ c0 {B2}. Principle 2.2 (Principle of correlative analysis): For a given matter- element M = (Om, cm, vm), there is at least one matter-element with the same characteristic Mc = (O′ m, cm, cm(O′ m)) or matter-element with the same mat- ter MO = (Om, c′m, c′m(Om)) or matter-element with different matters M ′ = (O′ m, c′m, c′m(O′ m)), to let M ∼ Mc, or M ∼ MO or M ∼ M ′. Definition 2.6: Suppose B1 and B2 are two basic-elements, and B1 is realized inevitably with the realization of B2, then we call that the basic-element B1 im- plies the basic-element B2, and it is denoted as B1 ⇒ B2. Especially, if B1 ⇒ B2 under the condition l, then B1 ⇒ (l)B2. Definition 2.7: Let B, B1 and B2 be basic-elements, and (1) if both B1 and B2 are realized inevitably with the realization of B, then the basic-elements B1 and B2 imply the basic-element B, and it is denoted as B1 ∧B2 ⇒ B. (2) if either B1 or B2 is realized inevitably with the realization of B, then the basic-element B1 or B2 implies the basic-element B, and it is denoted as B1 ∨B2 ⇒ B. (3) if B is realized inevitably with the realization of both B1 and B2, then the basic-element B implies the basic-elements B1 and B2, and it is denoted as B ⇒ B1 ∧B2. (4) if B is realized inevitably with the realization of either B1 or B2, then the basic-element B implies the basic-element B1 or B2, and it is denoted as B ⇒ B1 ∨B2. Principle 2.3 (Principle of implication analysis): If B1⇒B2 and B2⇒B3, then B1⇒B3. Definition 2.8: The possibilities of composing, decomposing and expand- ing/contracting that Matter, Affair and Relation own are called as composabili- ty, decomposability and expandability/contractability, correspondingly, and they are identified as Openness of basic-element. According to Composability of basic-element, one matter can combine with other matter to generate new matter. By decomposability, one matter can be 24 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... decomposed into several new matters with certain characteristics that may be different from ones of original matter. Similarly, one matter can be expanded or contracted to provide possibility for solving contradictory problems. Principle 2.4 (Principle of opening-up analysis): For any basic-element, the opening-up analysis includes the analysis of composability, decomposability and expandability/contractability: (1) Composability analysis: Given a basic-element B1 = (O1, c1, v1), there is at least one basic- element B2 = (O2, c2, v2) to allow B1 and B2 to be com- posed into B, and B2 is called as the composable basic-element of B1, where B = B1 ⊕ B2 and 1) when O1 = O2 and c1 ̸= c2, B = (O1, c1 ⊕ c2, v1 ⊕ v2) = ( O1 c1 v1 c2 v2 ) ; 2) when O1 ̸= O2 and c1 = c2, B = (O1 ⊕ O2, c1, v1 ⊕ c1(O2)) ; 3) when O1 ̸= O2 and c1 ̸= c2, B = ( O1 ⊕ O2 c1 v1 ⊕ c1(O2) c2 c2(O1) ⊕ v2 ) ; (2) Decomposability analysis: Any basic-element B=(O,c,v) can be decom- posed into several basic-elements B1, B2, · · · , Bm with the same characteristics under certain condition l, where Bi = (Oi, c, c(Oi))(i = 1, 2, · · · ,m), and we de- note B//(l) {B1, B2, · · · , Bm}. (3) Expandability/Contractability analysis: For a real positive number α , any basic-element B=(O,c,v) can be expanded (α > l) or contracted (l > α > 0) as αB = (O,C, αv) under certain condition. Thirdly, we introduce the principle of conjugate analysis below: Extenics help us to completely understand the matter from its physical, sys- tematic, dynamic and antithetic properties. In terms of physical property of matter, all matters are composed of a physical part and a non-physical part, then the physical part is called material part and the non- physical part is non- material part by Extenics, respectively. When considering a matters structure from its systematic property, the matters components as a whole are called the hard part of matter and the relations between the matter and its components as well as between the matter and other matters are the soft part of the matter. Furthermore, from the dynamic property, any matter is changing continuously. Stagnation is ever-relative while motion is permanent. The parts that have not been appeared are called as the latent parts of the matter and the appeared parts are the apparent parts of the matter. The latent part may become apparent un- der certain conditions. From the antithetic property, all matters have two parts that are antithetic. In Extenics, the part producing the positive value in the mea- sure of matter about certain characteristic is the positive part of matter and the other taking negative value is the negative part of matter. So matter’s conjugate Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 25 analysis includes nonmaterial-material, soft-hard, negative-positive and latent- apparent ones. We should analyze a matter according to the following property. Principle 2.5 (Principle of Conjugate analysis): All matters have four pairs of conjugate parts, i.e., the nonmaterial-material, the soft-hard, the negative- positive and the latent-apparent ones. Each conjugate part of any matter has nu- merous characteristics and it can be denoted by an n-dimensional basic-element. At the same time, in each pair of conjugate part of any matter, one certain conju- gate part has at least one characteristic that is relevant to certain characteristic of its corresponding conjugate. Fourthly, we introduce the extension transformation below: The tool for solving the contradictory problem is extension transformation. By using certain transformations, an unfeasible problem can be transformed a feasible one. We only introduce the general concept and the basic types of trans- formation. Definition 2.9: Supposing that the object Γ0 is a matter-element, affair- element, relation- element, criteria or any element in the universe of discourse, and the transformation from Γ0 to the object Γ or multiple objects Γ1,Γ2, · · · ,Γn in the same class is called as extension transformation of Γ and it is denoted as TΓ0 = Γ or TΓ0 = {Γ1,Γ2, · · · ,Γn}. Definition 2.10: The object Γ have five types of basic transformations below: (1) Substitution transformation, i.e., TΓ = Γ0; (2) Increasing/decreasing transformation, i.e., the increasing transformation TΓ = Γ ⊕ Γ0 and the decreasing transformation TΓ = Γ− Γ0; (3) Expansion/contraction transformation: TΓ = αΓ, where it is expansion when α > 1 and contraction when 1 > α > 0; (4) Decomposition transformation: TΓ = {Γ1,Γ2, · · · ,Γn}, where Γ0 = Γ1 ⊕ Γ2⊕ · · · ⊕ Γn; (5) Duplication transformation: TΓ = {Γ,Γ1}. Principle 2.6 (Principle of Extension transformation): For any object Γ , there must exist a certain transformation T to let TΓ = Γ0, where Γ ̸= Γ0. On the other hand, if there is a certain transformation T to let TΓ = Γ0, there should be another transformation T1 to let T1Γ = Γ0. Furthermore, it can be utilization several transformations to successfully solve a contradictory problem. 3 Extension Strategy Generation Step of Sustainable Utilization of Regional Water Resources During the process of sustainable utilization of water resources, we need to simul- taneously solve two goals of water crisis and ecological environment construction in the planning area, and should meet the needs of population promotion, re- source exploitation, environmental protection and economic development in the 26 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... planning period. In order to effectively solve this problem, we propose the exten- sion strategy generation of sustainable utilization of water resources according to the literature [17] below: 1) Define the contradictory problem. Combining with the regional goals and development needs, we draw up the basic-elements of goals (water crisis solution and ecological environment construction) and the basic-elements of condition- s (population promotion, resource development, environmental protection and economic development) of sustainable utilization of water resources in the plan- ning period. Under the basic-elements of conditions, the two goals can not be achieved at the same time, and they constitute a contradictory problem. 2) Assume that the targets are not changed and do extension analysis for the four basic- elements of conditions. Suppose that the premise of targets without change is that the tasks of targets are feasible, then we should obtain the appro- priate basic-elements of goals by using correct investigation methods. At that moment, we get the extension analysis matter-elements through expanding the condition basic-elements by using Correlative analysis, Divergent analysis, Con- jugate analysis and Opening-up analysis. 3) Generate a variety of utilization strategies of water resources by extension transformation to the extension analysis matter-elements. The purpose of do- ing extension transformation is to resolve the contradictory problem and make two objectives be achieved simultaneously. Extension transformation to the ex- tension analysis matter-elements is mainly for the values of characteristics of matter-elements, and the transformations include substitution, increasing, de- creasing, expansion, contraction and decomposition, as well as the integration of these basic transformations. 4) Evaluate and select the utilization strategies of water resources. We may get a group of extension transformation matter-elements after doing a complete extension transformation, and then form an integral strategy. However, it is not true that every strategy can effectively solve the problem between water crisis and ecological environment construction, or that the solution effect is the same as others. Therefore, we should evaluate and select the strategies by using the following steps: (1) At first, we should determine some indexes A1, A2, · · · , Al to measure the strategies which make up a measurement condition set. The measurement con- dition set is utilized to judge whether the strategies are feasible or not. The measurement criterions of sustainable utilization of water resources in general are technical feasibility and economic viability, and the technical feasibility is usually viewed as the prerequisite which must be satisfied. (2) Secondly, evaluate and select the strategies. First step, we abandon the strategies which do not meet the prerequisites, i.e., if the strategies whose technol- Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 27 ogy is not feasible, then they are removed, and we utilize the rest of measurement criterions to justify other strategies. Next step, by using the correct methods of investigation and analysis to get the values of remaining strategies for other cri- terions, we select an appropriate function such as the comprehensive evaluation method to compute the superior degrees of these strategies, and choose the s- trategies whose degree is the maximum as the optimal ones. 5) Draw up the specific programs of action according to the optimal strategies. The purpose to form the action programs is to make the decision-makers and ex- ecutors understand the optimal strategies, so that they can correctly implement them and accomplish the goals. 4 Extension Planning Process of Sustainable Utilization of Regional Water Resources 1) Define the contradiction problem of water utilization The process of water utilization involves the natural, economic and social sys- tems, and induces many contradictory problems between the ecological environ- ment and the economic development goal as well as the social development mode. In the arid and semi-arid regions, we should solve the contradiction between wa- ter crisis and ecological environment construction under the premise of regional development of population, resources, environment and economy. In Extenics, the formalized model and the extension analysis methods are utilized to study how to resolve conflict issues, which are also suitable for selecting feasible and ef- fective utilization strategies of water resources and provide a formalized approach for relevant departments. The extension analysis process of water utilization should be made efforts to solve the central issues of water crisis and ecological environment construction on the basis of development of population, resources, environment and economics in this regional which includes administrative region and watershed. In the arid and semi-arid regions, water crisis and ecological environment construction can not be achieved at the same time, so this is a contradictory problem. Sustainable utilization of water resources means the synthesis between ecological environment construction and water utilization. Therefore, the goal of contradictory problem that should be resolved within the region is ecological environment construction and water crisis, and the problems conditions are development needs of popula- tion, resources, environment and economics. Then the regional government may formulate the general objective basic-elements G1 and G2 below: G1 = ( construct a1 a2 a3 a t b1 b2 b3 A T ) and G2 = ( W a c2 c3 t A w2 w3 T ) , where for the basic-element G1, construct is a verb, and the characteristics are a1=dominating object, a2 = acting object, a3 = receiving object, a = location 28 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... and t = time, and the values of these characteristics are b1 = ecological environ- ment, b2 = {administration, beneficiaries, contractors, collaborators, etc.}, b3 = {vegetation, land, species}, A = a certain region which may be an administrative region or watershed, and T = a planning period, such as three-year plan, etc.. Apparently, G1 is an affair-element. For another basic-element G2, W=water resources, and the characteristics are c2 = ownership quantity and c3 = demand quantity, and the unit of the values w2 and w3 is hundred million cubic meters. Here, the equation w3 > w2 holds, which indicates that the water demand within the region A is larger than the water owner, and the water crisis exists in this region. The quantity w2 is an average statistical value of water resources for recent years, and the quantity w3 is a forecasting value of water demand of the region A in the planning period. Also apparently, G2 is a matter-element. In addition, the premise to resolve the contradictory problem between ecolog- ical environment construction and water crisis is to meet the development needs of regional population, resources, environment and economics, thus we establish the following condition basic-elements: l1 = ( upgrade a1 a2 a3 a t r11 r12 r13 A T ) , l2 = ( exploit a1 a2 a3 a t r21 r22 r23 A T ) , l3 = ( improve a1 a2 a3 a t r31 r32 r33 A T ) and l4 = ( develop a1 a2 a3 a t r41 r42 r43 A T ) , where the values of characteristic a1 are r11=population, which includes rural and urban ones, r21= natural resources, r31=living environment and r41=economics, and the values of characteristic a2 are corresponding administrations, and the values of characteristic a3 are r13=population qualities, which include popula- tion quantity, educational background, etc., r23= {land, minerals, wild beast}, r33={green belt, waste treatment, transportation belt}, and r43=economics. Waste treatment mainly refers to exhaust, waste water and garbage, and transportation belt includes the road clean, green, construction and maintenance, etc.. Because we can not simultaneously achieve the goals G1 and G2, it is a con- tradictory problem, and thus we establish the extension model P = (G1 ∧G2) ↑ (l1 ∧ l2 ∧ l3 ∧ l4). The purpose to do extension analysis is to transfer the con- tradictory problem into the co-existence issue by doing the correlative analysis, the divergent analysis, the conjugate analysis and the opening-up analysis on the goal basic-elements and the condition basic-elements. In general, there are five approaches to resolve contradictory problem with multi-objectives and multi-conditions: Firstly, all targets are not changed, but make some (or all) conditions be transformed; Secondly, all conditions are un- changed but some (or all) targets are transformed; Thirdly, part of the targets are changed and some (or all) conditions are altered; Fourthly, part of conditions Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 29 are changed and some (or all) targets are transferred; Fifthly, all of goals and conditions are changed. In this paper, we only discuss the most simple issue, i.e., all targets are unchanged and some (or all) conditions are transferred. By transferring the conditions, we solve contradictory problem between water crisis and ecological environment construction. For the other issues, we will analyze them in other papers. Firstly, we define the specific target basic-elements and simplify the condition basic-elements on the basis of the original problem P. According to the reality and overall targets of the region A, we decompose the goal affair-element G1 on the basis of the investigation and analysis results, then obtain the specific target matter-elements of sustainable utilization of water resources below: G′ 1 =  g1 a11 b11 a12 b12 a13 b13 a14 b14 a15 b15  , G′′ 1 =  g2 a21 b21 a22 b22 a23 b23 a24 b24 a25 b25  and G′′′ 1 =  g3 a31 b31 a32 b32 a33 b33 a34 b34 a35 b35  , where for the matter-element G′ 1, the object g1 is vegetation, and the characteris- tics of g1 are a11= administrative, a12= original acreage, a13= planning acreage, a14= original amount of water demand and a15 = Incremental of water demand; for the matter-element G′′ 1, the object g2 is land, and the characteristics of g2 are a21= administrative, a22= Remediation acreage, a23= Incremental of vegetation, a24= Incremental of building and a25 = Incremental of water demand, as well as the equation b22= b23+ b24; for the matter-element G′′′ 1 , the object g3 is species, and the characteristics of g3 are a31= administrative, a32= Original amount, a33= Incremental of species, a34= Original amount of water demand and a35 = Incre- mental of water demand. Then, the target affair-element G1 is transformed into three specific target matter-elements. Furthermore, the land g2 mainly refers to the unutilized land in the region A. Meanwhile, in the case of non-confusion, we can simplify the condition basic- elements by omitting the characteristics Location and Time. Therefore, we trans- form the condition basic- elements l1, l2, l3 and l4 into the simple forms below: l′1 = R1 a1 r11 a2 r12 a3 r13  , l′2 = R2 a1 r21 a2 r22 a3 r23  , l′3 = R1 a1 r31 a2 r32 a3 r33  and l′4 = R1 a1 r41 a2 r42 a3 r43  , 30 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... where R1=upgrade, R2=exploit, R3=improve and R4=develop. Through the transformations above, the original problem P = (G1 ∧ G2) ↑ (l1 ∧ l2 ∧ l3 ∧ l4) is converted to P ′ = (G′ 1 ∧ G′′ 1 ∧ G′′′ 1 ∧ G2) ↑ (l′1 ∧ l′2 ∧ l′3 ∧ l′4). Because the problem P is the specific form of the original one P, it can be re- solved when P is achieved. Thus we only do extension analysis for the condition basic-elements of the problem P. 2) Extension analysis process of condition basic-elements The correlative analysis on condition basic-elements: The correlation of basic- element discusses the correlations among the same or different objects (matters, actions or relationships) as well as among their characteristics or values. It can make people more clearly understand the interactions between each of condition basic-elements and the sustainable utilization of water resources by using the formalized way. On the basis of the correlation between water resources and the development of population, resources, environment and economics, we get the cor- relative matter- elements W1, W2, W3 and W4 of condition basic-elements below: W1 = W k1 w11 k2 w12 k3 w13  , W2 = W k1 w21 k2 w22 k3 w23  , W3 = W k1 w31 k2 w32 k3 w33  and W4 = W k1 w41 k2 w42 k3 w43  , where the matter W=water, and the characteristics k1, k2 and k3 represent User, Use volume and Use mode, respectively, and the values of k1 are w11 = popu- lation, w21 = natural resources, w31 = living environment and w41 = economy, and the values w12, w22, w32 and w42 of k2 are the average statistical value of regional water utilization in recent years which are consumed by population, natural resources, environment and economics, respectively, and the values of characteristic k3 are w13={drink, wash, rinse, etc.}, w23={produce, drink, etc.}, w33={irrigate, rinse, etc.} and w43= {irrigate, produce, wash, drink, rinse, etc.}. The new matter-elements W1, W2, W3 and W4, which come from the results after doing the correlative analysis on the condition affair-elements, are called the correlative matter-elements of condition basic-elements. Divergent analysis on the correlative matter-elements: The divergence of matter- element includes: Different characteristic with same matter, Different value with same characteristic, Different matter with same value, Same characteristic with same matter, Same value with same characteristic, Same value with same matter, Similar value with same characteristic, etc. By using the divergent analysis, we can understand the multiple aspects of correlative matter-elements which involve in the process of water utilization. Doing the divergent analysis on the values of Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 31 characteristic k1 of correlative matter-elements according to Same characteristic with same matter, we grasp all water users in region A and get following matter- elements ( 7→ means divergence): W1 7→ W 1 1 = ( W k1 k2 k3 w1 11 w1 12 w1 13 ) , W 2 1 = ( W k1 k2 k3 w2 11 w2 12 w2 13 ) ; W2 7→ W 1 2 = ( W k1 k2 k3 w1 21 w1 22 w1 23 ) , W 2 2 = ( W k1 k2 k3 w2 21 w2 22 w2 23 ) , W 3 2 = ( W k1 k2 k3 w3 21 w3 22 w3 23 ) ; W3 7→ W 1 3 = ( W k1 k2 k3 w1 31 w1 32 w1 33 ) , W 2 3 = ( W k1 k2 k3 w2 31 w2 32 w2 33 ) , W 3 3 = ( W k1 k2 k3 w3 31 w3 32 w3 33 ) ; W4 7→ W 1 4 = ( W k1 k2 k3 w1 41 w1 42 w1 43 ) , W 2 4 = ( W k1 k2 k3 w2 41 w2 42 w2 43 ) , · · · , Wm 4 = ( W k1 k2 k3 wm 41 wm 42 wm 43 ) , where w1 11 = rural residents, w2 11 = urban residents ; w1 21 = land, w2 21 = minerals, w3 21 = Biology; w1 31 = green belt, w2 31 = waste treatment, w3 31 = transporta- tion belt; and the matters w1 41 , w2 41 , · · · , wm 41 are m industrial departments in region A such as agriculture, tourism, catering, etc.; and the values w1 12 , w2 12 , w1 22 , w2 22 , w3 22 , w1 32 , w2 32 , w3 32 , w1 42 , · · · , wm 42 of characteristic k2 are the average statistical values of water utilization which consumed by corre- sponding users of region A in recent years, and the values of characteristic k3 are W 1 13 ⊆ W13 = {drink,wash, rinse} , W 1 23,W 2 23,W 3 23 ⊆ W23 = {produce, drink}, W 1 33,W 2 33,W 3 33 ⊆ W23 = {irrigate, rinse}, as well as W 1 43, · · · ,Wm 43 ⊆ W43 = {irrigate, produce, wash, drink, rinse}. The basic elements which come from the correlative matter-elements by using the divergent analysis are called divergent matter-elements. Conjugate analysis on divergent matter-elements: The properties of system, material, dynamic and opposition that things own are collectively known as con- jugation. We can understand things in a more comprehensive perspective and reveal the development and variation nature of things in a more profound way by using the conjugate analysis. Extension theory describes the structure of things 32 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... from four pairs of conjugate and opposite concepts which are material and non- material, hard and soft, apparent and latent, as well as positive and negative. In generally, we utilized to consider the problems from the material, hard, ap- parent and positive aspects of things. However, the nonmaterial, soft, latent and negative angles of things can make us obtain unexpected results. Because the divergent matter-elements come from the water users which are population, resources, environment and economics through divergence analysis, we will do conjugate analysis by combining the User k1 with water resources W. From the nonmaterial part of things, we firstly determine the requirements of User k1 and get a new characteristic named Water quality k4 whose values for all divergent matter-elements are vi4 ∈ {I ∼ V grade}, where the standard of water quali- ty refers to the book named China’s Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water (GB3838-2002), and the subscript i denotes the serial number of the divergent matter-elements from W 1 1 to Wm 4 . Secondly, we justify the e- conomic status and consumption of User k1 in the region A, and then get a new characteristic of water named Importance k5, and the values vi5 of k5 satisfy vi5 ∈ {Necessary, Priority, Current situation, Decrease, No}, where No means that the certain user does not consume water and we may remove the corresponding matter- element. Form the soft aspect of things, we view the relationship among the orders of water users, and get two characteristics of water resources named as Former user k6 and Later user k7 whose values vi6 and vi7 are the elements from the set composed by the users in matter-elements above. From latent aspect of things, we analyze the potential utilization values of the consumption and dis- charge of water and get a characteristic denoted as Recyclability k8 whose value vi8 ∈ { yes, no}. Furthermore, according to recyclability, we should determine the characteristic named Recovered amount k9, and denote its value as vi9. From the negative aspect of things, we mainly view that whether waste water has neg- ative impact for environment or not, and get a characteristic named Emission k10 with value vi10 ∈ { direct emission, treatable emission, non-emission}, where non- emission means that the water has been completely consumed by the corre- sponding user. Then we investigate the technology to treat the wastewater and get another characteristic named Treatable technology k11 with the value vi11 ∈ { high, normal, low, no }, where no means that the value vi10 is direct emission or non emission. Then we obtain the conjugate matter-elements by using conjugate analysis on divergent matter-elements. The opening-up analysis on Conjugate matter-elements: The possibility of matter-elements combination or decomposition is called the opening-up property of matter-element which includes addition, multiplication and decomposition of matters, characteristics and values. The opening-up property of matter-element provides another approach to solve the contradictory problems. At first, we dis- Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 33 cuss the decomposition of water resources, and obtain the characteristic named as Source k12 of desirable water in region A whose value vi12 ∈ {surface water, groundwater, external water, recycled water, all water}, where recycled water is reutilized water while wastewater is retrieved, and all water contains surface wa- ter, groundwater, external water and recycled water. Secondly, from the additive or multiplicative property of characteristics, we examine User k1, Water quality k4 and Former user k6, and get the characteristic named Freshness k13 with the value vi13 ∈ {fresh water, circled water}, where fresh water includes surface wa- ter, groundwater and external water. Finally, according to the additive property of values, we study on Utilization volume k2, Recyclability k8, Source k12 and Freshness k13 and obtain the characteristic Increment k14 with the value vi14. From the values vi12 of Utilization volume k2 and vi14 of Increment k14, we get another characteristic named Recycle volume k15 with the value vi15. At last, by using the values vi2, vi14 and vi15, we get a characteristic named Total volume k16 with the value vi16. The new matter- elements from the conjugate matter- elements by using Opening-up analysis are called Opening-up matter-elements. Condition matter-elements are now transferred into a group of new matter- elements with the object named water and 16 characteristics through extension analysis which includes correlative analysis, divergent analysis, conjugate analysis and opening-up analysis, and they are called as the extension-analysis matter- elements of condition basic-elements. From the analysis showed above, the final results, i.e., the opening-up matter-elements, are the extension-analysis matter- elements. 3) The generation and optimal selection of sustainable utilization strategy of regional water resources and the program implementation of optimal strategy By using Extension Analysis, the condition-basic-elements are transferred into extension- analysis matter-elements of sustainable utilization of water resources. For the sake of convenience, we re-order the characteristics of extension-analysis matter-elements as User k1, Use mode k2, Water quality k3, Importance k4, For- mer user k5, Later user k6, Recyclability k7, Emission k8, Treatable technology k9, Source k10, Freshness k11, Use volume k12, Recovered amount k13, Increment k14, Recycle volume k15 and Total volume k16, where the characteristics with non- quantities are in the front and the others with quantities are at the back, and the quantitative characteristics satisfies the following relationship: (1) The value vi12 of Use volume k12 ≤ The absolute value vi13 of Recovered amount k13, and let vi13 ≤ 0 which represents an increase of water resources; (2) Use volume k12, Increment k14 ∈ {Surface water, Groundwater, External water} = {Initial water}, and their values vi12 + vi14 = The volume of Initial water, where vi12 ≥ 0 and vi14 ≥ 0, and they means the consumption; (3) The value vi15 of Recycle volume k15 ≥ 0, which means that the amount 34 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... of recycle water was consumed by User i, and vi15 ≤ |vi13|; (4) The value vi16 of Total volume k16 satisfies vi16 = vi12 + vi14 + vi15, which represent the total amount of water resources consumed by User i. In general, Extension Transformation of extension-analysis matter-elements, which includes substitution, decomposition, addition, decrease, etc., is only in connection with those quantitative characteristics of water resources, then we obtain a set of new condition matter-elements with new values and we call them as extension-transformation matter-element below: T (W 1 1 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 w1 1,1 · · · w1 1,15 w1 1,16 ) , T (W 2 1 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 w2 1,1 · · · w2 1,15 w2 1,16 ) ; T (W 1 2 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 w1 2,1 · · · w1 2,15 w1 2,16 ) , T (W 2 2 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 w2 2,1 · · · w2 2,15 w2 2,16 ) , T (W 3 2 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 w3 2,1 · · · w3 2,15 w3 2,16 ) ; T (W 1 3 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 w1 3,1 · · · w1 3,15 w1 3,16 ) , T (W 2 3 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 w2 3,1 · · · w2 3,15 w2 3,16 ) , T (W 3 3 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 w3 3,1 · · · w3 3,15 w3 3,16 ) ; T (W 1 4 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 w1 4,1 · · · w1 4,15 w1 4,16 ) , T (W 2 4 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 w2 4,1 · · · w2 4,15 w2 4,16 ) , · · · , T (Wm 4 ) = ( W k1 · · · k15 k16 wm 4,1 · · · wm 4,15 wm 4,16 ) . By carrying out a transformation T, we get a set of extension-transformation matter-elements, which corresponds to a set of sustainable utilization strategy of water resources. Different transformation T corresponds to a different set of extension-transformation matter-elements and then the strategy is differen- t. Repeatedly doing transformation, we obtain a variety of sustainable utiliza- tion strategies. To doing extension transformation to extension-analysis matter- elements is known as the sustainable utilization strategy generation of water resources. Different strategies have different implementation effects in the process of sus- tainable utilization of water resources. The purpose of extension transformation is to find the best solutions as possible as can, so we need to select the optimal one in a variety of strategies. Firstly, we should determine the evaluation char- acteristics, such as technological possibility and economic feasibility. Secondly, we select an appropriate evaluation method to calculate the optimal degree of these matter-elements. Finally, choosing the maximum in the optimal degrees and then viewing the corresponding set of matter-elements as the optimal strate- gy, we formulate the specific action plans according to the optimal strategy. The Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 35 action plan can achieve the sustainable utilization of water resources during the planning period T in the region A under the required conditions to meet the de- velopment of population, resources, environment and economics, and effectively resolve the contradictory problem between water crisis and ecological environ- ment constructions, and then the overall goals can be achieved. The formalized generation process of sustainable utilization strategies of water resources can be shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 The flow chart of extension strategy 5 Modified Case Study In order to illustrate the generation and optimal selection of sustainable utiliza- tion strategies of water resources and the program implementation process, we will utilize a specific case to describe it in this section. 1) The overview of socio-economics and water resources in the studied region 36 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... One region A located in the middle of Heihe River Basin and the central place of Hexi Corridor is the political, economic and cultural center of Zhangye City, Gansu Province, PR China. The total acreage is about 4000 square kilometers, where the propositions of mountainous, desert area and plain are 14.4%, 34.5% and 51.1%, respectively. The coverage rate of vegetation is only about 3%. The total population in the region is approximately 520,000, where the agricultural population is about 350,000 whose proposition is 65%. In recent years, GDP is about 6.8 hundred million RMB with about 15,000 RMB per person. The water which is utilized to maintain the basic life of population and the production in this region comes from the rivers flowing through the region and the groundwa- ter. The region is a typical agriculture oasis and large irrigated agriculture area. The total volume of available water in the region is about 1.3 hundred million m3, and the average volumes per person and per acre are about 1330m3 and 570m3, respectively. So it is a relatively serious water shortage region. From the structure of water utilization, the ratio of agriculture, industry, people living and ecology is 83.7:2.7:6.4:7.2 in 2005, where the proportion of agricultural water is still relatively large. The region A is an important commodity grain base and one of the five bases named West vegetable to East in Northwest of China, and thus the agricultural production plays an important role in the area. Region A has superior condition with 30 kinds of mineral resources, where the reserve of coal has been proven for 1.05 hundred million tons, and the content of both tungsten and molybdenum ranks at the first order in North of China. According to the survey, region A has about 10 species of wild animals, where the total number is only 2,000 surplus and some of them are on the verge of extinction. The av- erages of annual rainfall and annual evaporation are 120mm and 2000-2350mm, respectively, so it is a typical temperate continental arid climate. There are many problems of water resources, such as serious water shortage, obvious contradic- tion between supply and demand, irrational utilization structure, low efficiency and effectiveness, thus the water resources is the most important constraints of sustainable development of society and economy in the region. 2) Define contradictory problem and set goal basic-elements and condition matter-elements The local government of regional A viewed the eco-economic development as the main task. So the government transforms the economic development mode and highlights three goals which are ecological construction, modern agriculture and passage economy. Then sustainable utilization of local water resources may be achieved. Under the requirements to enhance the population quality, exploit the natural mineral resources, improve the living environment and promote eco- nomic development, local government makes its efforts to solve the two central goals of water crisis and ecological environment construction. Then the gov- Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 37 ernment develops a “Five-Year Plan” according to local condition and obtains following total goal basic-elements G1 and G2: G1 = ( Construct a1 a2 a3 a t b1 b2 b3 A T ) and G2 = ( W a C2 C3 t A 13 20 T ) , where the unit of c2 and c3 is hundred million m3, T=five years, and the meaning of others is the same with corresponding formers. Because the value of c3 is larger than one of c2, the water crisis exists. Then we develop the specific goal basic-elements and simplify the condition basic-elements according to G1 and G2 respectively. On the basis of the actual situation and total goals of region A, we decompose G1 and get following specific matter- elements: G′ 1 =  g1 a11 b11 a12 120 a13 360 a14 0.9 a15 2.3  , G′′ 1 =  g2 a21 b21 a22 300 a23 240 a24 60 a25 3.1  and G′′′ 1 =  g3 a31 b31 a32 2000 a33 2300 a34 0 a35 0  , where the characteristics a11, · · · , a15, a21, · · · , a25, a31, · · · , a35 are the same as the formers, and the value of a13 =the value of a12+ the value of a23. Because the species g3 usually live in vegetation g2 such as forest and grassland, its water requirement has been included in the vegetation water demand, so its characteris- tics a34 and a35 are 0. At the same time, a part of treated land g2 will be planted vegetation as woodland and grassland, and another part will be as construction land such as residential housing and factory building. So the value of a25 contains the value of a25. Therefore, the total water increment of three specific targets is 3.1 hundred million m3. If it is together with the original demand 0.90 hundred million m3, the total water demand of target basic-elements is 4.0 hundred mil- lion m3. Simplify the condition basic-elements l1, l2, l3 and l4 as follows: l′1 = R1 a1 r11 a2 r12 a3 r13  , l′2 = R2 a1 r21 a2 r22 a3 r23  , l′3 = R3 a1 r31 a2 r32 a3 r33  and l′4 = R4 a1 r41 a2 r42 a3 r43  . Then we get the problem p′ = (G′ 1 ∧ G′′ 1 ∧ G′′′ 1 ∧ G2) ↑ (l′1 ∧ l′2 ∧ l′3 ∧ l′4)) . If the problem has been solved, then the total goal basic-elements G1 and G2 can be achieved. 38 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... 3) Extension analysis and extension transformation According to the process of extension analysis introduced above, we obtain the extension- analysis matter-elements of condition basic-elements. Firstly, we determine that the values of User k1 are w1 11 = rural residents, w2 11 = urban resi- dents; w1 21 = land, w2 21 = minerals, w3 21 = Biology; w1 31= green belt, w2 31 = waste treatment, w3 31 = transport belt. We also assume that there are four economic sectors in region A which are w1 41 = agriculture, w2 41 =livestock, w3 41 =building industry and w4 41 = catering industry, respectively; The values of other charac- teristics, such as Use mode k2, Water quality k3, Importance k4, Former user k5, Later user k6, Recyclability k7, Emission k8, Treatable technology k9, Source k10 and Freshness k11, are referred to the process of extension analysis in Section 3. These characteristics only have important role for analyzing water utilization and need not do extension transformation. Therefore, we list them separately as the innovation characteristics of extension analysis in Table 1. The other characteristics of extension-analysis matter-elements involve the quantitative of water resources, such as Use volume k12, Recovered amount k13, Increment k14, Recycle volume k15 and Total volume k16. Doing extension trans- formation such as substitution, decomposition, increase, decrease, etc., to the quantitative of the five characteristics of extension-analysis matter- elements, we get extension-transformation matter-elements with new value. Suppose that some types of extension transformation, which are named as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, have been done to the values of five quantitative characteristics of extension-analysis matter-elements, we get four sets of extension-transformation matter-elements, i.e., four types of innovation strategies of sustainable utilization of water resources, which can be seen in Table 2 and Table 3. For the transformation T1 in Table 2, the value of Use volume k12 is the original statistics of water resources in region A, and the value of Increment k14 is water increases to meet the development needs of population, resource, environmen- t and economics according to the current consumption structure of water, and the increases is from the fresh water. The value of Recovered amount k13 is the recycled quantities from Use volume k12 and Increment k14 which have been con- sumed by corresponding users according to the current consumption structure. Recycle volume k15 is the re-utilized amount of Recovered amount k13. From Ta- ble 2, we know that the water which is only consumed by Minerals, Livestock and Catering industry has been retrieved, and part of the retrieved water has been utilized by Waste treatment, Agriculture and Livestock. In Table 2 and Table 3, the transformations T2, T3 and T4 come from T1 in turns, and then produce three additional utilization strategies of water resources. Transformations T2 and T3 only adopt the water-saving measures, namely that the corresponding users utilize the retrieved water at first for Use volume k12 and Increment k14 as pos- Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 39 Table 1 Analysis Table of Extension Innovation Basic ele- memt User k1 Use mode k2 Water quality k3 Importance k4 Former user k5 Later user k6 w1 1 rural residents drink, wash, rinse grade I-III Necessary, Priority rural residents green belt, waste treatment, transportation belt, agriculture, Animal w2 1 urban residents drink, wash, rinse grade I-III Necessary, Priority urban residents green belt, waste treatment, transportation belt, agriculture, Animal w1 2 land None grade I-V Necessary agriculture None w2 2 minerals produce grade I-IV Priority None green belt, waste treatment, transportation belt w3 2 Biology drink grade I-III Priority None None w1 3 green belt Irrigate grade I-V Priority residents None w2 3 waste treatment rinse grade I-V Necessary residents, transportation belt, minerals None w3 3 transpor- tation belt irrigate, rinse grade I-V Priority residents waste treatment w1 4 agriculture irrigate grade I-V Necessary, Decrease residents, Animal land w2 4 Animal drink, rinse grade I-III Necessary, Decrease residents, catering agriculture w3 4 Building produce grade I-V Current situation, Decrease Decrease None waste treatment w4 4 catering drink, wash, rinse grade I-III Necessary, Decrease None Animal Tabel 1 Analysis Table of Extension Innovation (continued) Basic ele- memt Recyc- lability k7 Emission k8 Treatable technology k9 Source k10 Freshness k11 w1 1 yes direct emission no surface water, groundwater, external water fresh water, recycled water w2 1 yes direct emission no surface water, groundwater, external water fresh water, recycled water w1 2 no non-emission no all water fresh water, recycled water w2 2 yes treatable emission high surface water, groundwater, external water fresh water w3 2 no non-emission no surface water fresh water w1 3 no non-emission no all water fresh water, recycled water w2 3 yes treatable emission high all water fresh water, recycled water w3 3 yes direct emission no all water fresh water, recycled water w1 4 no direct emission no all water fresh water, recycled water w2 4 yes direct emission no surface water, groundwater, external water fresh water w3 4 yes treatable emission normal surface water, groundwater, external water fresh water w4 4 yes direct emission no surface water, groundwater, external water fresh water 40 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... Table 2 The first innovation T1 and the second one T2 of extension-exchange matter-element (unit: hundred million m3 ) T1 k12 k13 k14 k15 k16 T2 k12 k13 k14 k15 k16 T1(w1 1) 0.53 1.2 1.73 T2(w1 1) 0.53 -1.4 0.8 0.4 1.73 T1(w2 1) 0.27 0.6 0.87 T2(w2 1) 0.27 -0.65 0.23 0.37 0.87 T1(w1 2) 0 0.06 0.06 T2(w1 2) 0 0 0.06 0.06 T1(w2 2) 0.25 -0.3 0.7 0.95 T2(w2 2) 0.25 -0.85 0.7 0.95 T1(w3 2) 0.01 0.02 0.03 T2(w3 2) 0.01 0.02 0.03 T1(w1 3) 0.03 0.05 0.08 T2(w1 3) 0.03 0 0.05 0.08 T1(w2 3) 0 0.6 0.32 0.92 T2(w2 3) 0 0 0.92 0.92 T1(w3 3) 0.01 0.03 0.04 T2(w3 3) 0.01 -0.01 0 0.03 0.04 T1(w1 4) 10.85 -1.53 0.1 9.42 T2(w1 4) 10.85 -2.73 -1.53 0.1 9.42 T1(w2 4) 0.58 -0.15 -0.08 0.2 0.7 T2(w2 4) 0.58 -0.6 -0.08 0.2 0.7 T1(w3 4) 0.9 -0.1 0.8 T2(w3 4) 0.9 -0.55 -0.1 0.8 T1(w4 4) 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 T2(w4 4) 0.5 -0.27 -0.1 0.4 Total 13.93 -0.65 1.45 0.62 16 Total 13.93 -7.06 -0.06 2.13 16 Table 3 The first innovation T3 and T4 of extension-exchange matter-element (unit: hundred million m3 ) T3 k12 k13 k14 k15 k16 T2 k12 k13 k14 k15 k16 T3(w1 1) 0.53 -1.4 0.8 0.4 1.73 T4(w1 1) 0.53 -1.4 0.8 0.4 1.73 T3(w2 1) 0.27 -0.65 0.23 0.37 0.87 T4(w2 1) 0.27 -0.65 0.23 0.37 0.87 T3(w1 2) 0 0 0.06 0.06 T4(w1 2) 0 0 0.06 0.06 T3(w2 2) 0.25 -0.85 0.7 0.95 T4(w2 2) 0.25 -0.85 0.7 0.95 T3(w3 2) 0.01 0.02 0.03 T4(w3 2) 0.01 0.02 0.03 T3(w1 3) 0 0 0.08 0.08 T4(w1 3) 0 0 0.08 0.08 T3(w2 3) 0 0 0.92 0.92 T4(w2 3) 0 0 0.92 0.92 T3(w3 3) 0 -0.01 0 0.04 0.04 T4(w3 3) 0 -0.01 0 0.04 0.04 T3(w1 4) 9.95 -2.73 -1.53 1 9.42 T4(w1 4) 9.83 -2.73 -1.53 1 9.3 T3(w2 4) 0.18 -0.6 -0.08 0.6 0.7 T4(w2 4) 0.18 -0.6 -0.08 0.6 0.7 T3(w3 4) 0.9 -0.55 -0.1 0.8 T4(w3 4) 0.9 -0.55 -0.1 0.8 T3(w4 4) 0.5 -0.27 -0.1 0.4 T4(w4 4) 0.5 -0.27 -0.1 0.4 Total 12.59 -7.06 -0.06 3.47 16 Total 12.47 -7.06 -0.06 3.47 15.88 sible as they can. Transformation T4 has adopted the water-saving technologies to Agriculture on the basis of transformation T3. Transformation T2 is substitution on the basis of transformation T1. Firstly, if the value of Later user k6 is not ”None”, then the corresponding user should take some measures to retrieve part of the utilized water, and then we get that the sum of Recovered amount k13 is 7.06 hundred million m3. Secondly, if the value of Former user k5 is ”None”, then the value of corresponding Increment k14 should be prior from Recovered amount k13 that can be utilized, and we obtain the sum of Recycle volume k15 is 2.13 hundred million m3. Transformation T3 is a synthesis of substitution and decomposition on the ba- sis of Transformation T2, i.e. if the value of Former User k5 is not ”None”, then part of consumption water of the corresponding Use volume k12 is from Recovered amount k13. Therefore, the water resources of Recycle volume k15 has been con- Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 41 sumed 3.47 hundred million m3 and the remaining part is 3.59 hundred million m3. Apparently, the total consumption water of Transformation T2 is the same as the one of Transformation T3 which is 16 hundred million m3. Adding the water consumed by ecological environment construction of target basic-elements, which is 4 hundred million m3, the total water consumed in Region A is 20 hun- dred million m3. Transformation T4 is a decrease on the basis of Transformation T3, where the highest consumer of water resources Agriculture adopts a certain water-saving technology to reduce the consumption of initial water. Then, Agricultural ex- pends Initial water 9.83 hundred million m3. Transformation T4 consumed the sum of Initial water 12.41 hundred million m3 and recycle water 3.47 hundred million m3, i.e., the actual amount of consumed water is 15.88 hundred million m3. 4) Assessment and optimal selection of innovation strategies In order to evaluate these four innovation strategies, we establish a set of to measurement criterions: A1: Technological feasibility; A2: Economical feasibility and A3: To meet basic needs of regional water resources, where A1 and A2 are prerequisites, and A3 contains two meanings: first, the initial water utilized by target basic-elements is no less than 0.4 hundred million m3; Second, The initial water consumed by condition basic-elements should meet the basic needs. Fur- thermore, the first meaning is also prerequisite, which means that the initial water consumption of condition basic-elements is not more than 1.26 hundred million m3. In addition, because the total water demands of the target basic-elements is 4 hundred million m3, its Recycle volume is not more than 3.6 hundred million m3. Apparently, the four innovative strategies satisfy the conditions both A1 and A2, but T1 and T2 do not meet the first meaning of A3, so they can be deleted firstly. Following, we select the optimal one between T3 and T4. In general, the pros and cons of extension strategies can be evaluated by using Priority degree evaluation method, Comprehensive evaluation method, or others. However, in this case, speaking on the water consumption of the two innovative strategies T3 and T4, only Agriculture is different from each other. Therefore, the optimal strategy selection is only to compare the costs of between 0.12 hundred million m3 water resources that T3 is surplus to T4 and the amount of saving water by doing the technological reform of T4. Since the study area is located in the arid and semi-arid regions, the sustainable utilization of water resources occupies the prime location in natural, economic and social systems. Therefore, the technological reform to save water in this region is the main goal of future work. Then we choose T4 as the optimal strategy. 5) Draw up the action programs According to Table 1 and the strategy T4 of Table 3, we formulate the specific 42 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... Five-Year action programs of water resources in the study area below: (1) Residents are limited the total amount of 1.83 hundred million m3 of water utilization, where the quotas of rural residents and urban residents are 1.33 and 0.5 hundred million m3, respectively. Under the situation of water ratio systems, we should retrieve the wastewater. The amount of Recycled water from resi- dents is 2.05 hundred million m3, of which 0.77 hundred million m3 is utilized as non-drinking, such as washing (courtyard, toilet), etc. On the other hand, 1.28 hundred million m3 of water resources will be allocated to Green belt, Waste treatment, Transportation belt, Agriculture and Livestock. (2) Land should strictly limit their consumption of initial water, and only u- tilizes about 0.06 hundred million m3 of Recycle water from Agriculture. The retrieved water will be utilized to conserve water, prevent land from desertifica- tion and semi-desertification. (3) Rationally develop Mineral resources. Within the 30 plus kinds of mineral resources in the studied area, we preferentially choose Coal, Tungsten and Molyb- denum, which have great development potentiality and mature technology, to be exploited. All water to develop mineral resources is of 0.95 hundred million m3, and the enterprises should adopt retrieved measures to collect wastewater about 0.85 hundred million m3, which will be utilized for Green belt, Waste treatment and Transport belt. (4) Protect the wildlife habitat and properly feed wild animals. The program will be carried out simultaneously with the ecological and environmental pro- tection. At the same time, an additional water of 0.03 hundred million m3 is supplied to supplement wildlife habitat. (5) Green urban and rural regions. In the towns and villages surrounding res- idential areas, plenty of trees and flowers should be planted. All required water of about 0.08 hundred million m3 should be from Recycled water provided by the residents, and Initial water is strictly prohibited for irrigation. (6) Purify the living environment and let it be a healthy region, and vigorously clear up Waste water, Waste gas and Waste disposal. The water of 0.92 hundred million m3 utilized to improve the health of towns and villages is provided by Residents, Transportation belt and Minerals, and Initial water is prohibited to purify the living environment. (7) Protect and reinforce roads. Shelterbelts will be planted and garbage should be collected on both sides along the roads. The water of 0.04 hundred million m3 to plant trees and clean roads is entirely provided by Recovered water from Residents. At the same time, the water which was secondly recovered by using water-saving measures will be utilized to clear up Waste water, Waste gas and Waste disposal. (8) Supported by scientific and technological progress and oriented by market, Advances in Systems Science and Application (2016) Vol.16 No.1 43 the structure of agricultural production will be adjusted greatly. Firstly, on the basis of ensuring the basic supply of grains, vegetables, fruits as well as other agricultural products, we should vigorously adjust the agriculture structure and develop water-saving agriculture; Secondly, we may adopt water-saving technolo- gies and measures on agricultural production in order to implement water- saving and recycling irrigations. The total of agricultural water would be less than 9.30 hundred million m3, where Recycle volume is 1 hundred million m3 and Initial water is not more than 8.30 hundred million m3. Initial water has been saved 2.55 hundred million m3 than before, and Recovered amount is 2.73 hundred mil- lion m3, where a small part was directly discharged to Land and the majority is utilized for planting new vegetations. (9) Appropriately reduce the development scale of Livestock in order to save water resources and protect vegetation. Arrange Livestock for initial water of 0.10 hundred million m3 and Recycle volume of 0.60 hundred million m3, where Recycle water comes from Recovered amount of Residents and Catering industry, and Recovered water of 0.60 hundred million m3 from Livestock by using water- saving measures is provided for Agriculture. (10) Control the development scale of Building industry and pay attention to retrieve its utilized water. Since Building industry must utilize the initial water, we should appropriately control its scale of development. The water consumption amount of Building industry was reduced from the original 0.90 hundred million m3 to 0.80 hundred million m3, and about 0.55 hundred million m3 of retrieved water by adopting saving-water measures is utilized for Waste treatment. (11) Maintain and reduce water consumption amount of Catering industry. Catering water should consume Initial water, so we may pay attention to water conservation and against waste. The quota of Initial water was reduced to 0.4 hundred million m3 and 0.27 hundred million m3 of water is retrieved for Live- stock by improving water-saving measurements. In order to effectively perform the schemes above, the local government needs to formulate the following supportable measures: (1) Promote the establishment of water-saving society and encourage broad participation of resident. Since the programs need to use a lot of Recycle volume, residents and other water users must actively cooperate to retrieve the utilized water. Full of Recovered amount is a necessary condition for sustainable utiliza- tion of water resources. (2) Develop relevant laws and regulations, and constraint the user behavior. Under the rigid constraints to limit amount of available water resources, the in- tegrated management of water resources should be comprehensively improved. Regulatory reforms need to be clear the ways and patterns of water utilization, and determine the quota, and clear water rights, and implement the total control 44 Qiaoxing Li and Naiang Wang Babu:Research on Extension Strategy Generation ... and quota management. (3) Strengthen water conservation measures and transform water-saving tech- nology, and vigorously popularize the water-saving infrastructure projects. By laying recovery line, we can provide the necessary conditions for residents to re- trieve and re-utilize water resources. At the same time, by adopting water-saving technologies, such as the drip and the timing spray irrigations, we can improve water efficiency and effectiveness. (4) Optimize the agricultural structure and enhance the development level of agricultural economics. Agriculture is the largest water user and its effectiveness is also the lowest. To adjust the farming structure and enhance the water-saving technology is a sufficient condition of sustainable utilization of water resources. 6 Conclutions The paper provided a formal approach to generate strategies for the sustainable utilization of regional water resources in a planning period. Under the condi- tion to maintain the development of regional population, resources, environment and economy, it can help the relevant departments to clarify their ideas and ef- fectively resolve the contradictory problem between water crisis and ecological environment construction. In real applications, the relevant departments can ad- just the contents and values of characteristics of the condition basic-elements. The extension analysis result of water utilization is an open thinking way. It can make the decision-making of relevant departments be more standardized and scientific. The approach is also compiled into software that enables the decision- making process be intelligent. 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