aiti: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called aiti.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Data; System; Technology; Time; Temperature; Power; Learning; Energy; Accuracy; Strength; Water; Process; Design; Classification; Concrete; Control; Analysis; Image; Algorithm; Performance; Detection; Load; Network; Table; Flow; Stress; Area; Steel; Sensor; Material; Frequency; Parameters; Voltage; Signal; Heat; Test; Images; Fuel; Current; Rate; Value; Controller; Speed; Machine; Antenna; State; Robot; Vibration; End; Screw; Point; Series; Buckling; Business; Center; Fgm; Nitrogen; Wave; Product; Field; Wind; Plate; Foot; Cbf; Morphing; Arch; Leaching; Oxidation; Burners; Bi3

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• A GI Proposal to Display ECG Digital Signals Wirelessly Real-time Transmitted onto a Remote PC by Rosu, Marius Corneliu; Yassin-Kassab, Hamed; Iliesiu, Adriana; Georgica Obreja, Serban (2018) - The ECG signal is transmitted from the Router Sensor (RS) to an end Coordinator Node (CN) plugged-in to the laptop via USB port; RS acquires ECG signal in analogical mode, and is also responsible with sampling, quantization and sending it wirelessly direct to CN. From these, ECG signal is graph transposition of heart electrical activity, and the mechanical activity of the heart is somewhat regular with the exception of being patients with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), so ECG may be considered a quasi-periodic waveforms. Keywords: bio; data; ecg; format; matlab; signal; system; technology; time
• Maritime Computing Transportation, Environment, and Development: Trends of Data Visualization and Computational Methodologies by Thanapong Chaichana (2023) - [7] Z. Sun and T. Chaichana, “Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Calcified Coronary Plaques: Correlation between Hemodynamic Changes and Cardiac Image Analysis Based on Left Coronary Bifurcation Angle and Lumen Assessments,” Interventional Cardiology, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. [8] T. Chaichana, Z. Sun, M. Barrett-Baxendale, and A. Nagar, “Automatic Location of Blood Vessel Bifurcations in Digital Eye Fundus Images,” Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Soft Computing for Problem Solving, vol. 2, pp. 332-342, 2016. Keywords: analysis; cfd; commercial; computing; conditions; data; design; development; engineering; environment; marine; maritime; model; ocean; problems; research; results; ship; simulation; studies; study; technology; transportation; vol
• A Hidden Semi-Markov Model for Predicting Production Cycle Time Using Bluetooth Low Energy Data by Karishma Agrawal; Supachai Vorapojpisut (2023) - This study formulates the product tracking problem as the HSMM model � � ��, �, �, ��, where A represents the transition matrix with duration probability matrix p for each state, B signifies the emission matrix, and � is the initial state probability. The calculation of ���, 1� can be simplified as: ( ) 1 ; 1 , 0 ; j Keywords: data; hsmm; model; probability; production; rssi; state; time; − −; � �
• A Novel Paradigm for Sentiment Analysis on COVID-19 Tweets with Transfer Learning Based Fine-Tuned BERT by Amit Pimpalkar; Jeberson Retna Raj (2023) - 254-266 257 as the training data used to develop SA models may not represent the population or contain biases that affect the model’s accuracy. The testing technique provides data to fine- tune the model’s hyper-parameters and verify model performance on 20% of the data after training it on 80% of the dataset. Keywords: analysis; article; bert; classification; covid-19; data; dataset; learning; model; pre; research; sentiment; tweets; vol
• Challenges and Solutions to Criminal Liability for the Actions of Robots and AI by Vladimír Smejkal; Jindřich Kodl (2024) - There is also the question as to whether robots will ever become self-aware because the necessary prerequisites are the natural emotions of machines, the ability to be aware of their position in the world models, legal and moral rules, power/priorities, as well as communication-based on these models with other robots in the community, especially to plan actions towards a certain goal that the robots themselves have set [18]. 65-84 English language proofreader: Chih-Wei Chang Challenges and Solutions to Criminal Liability for the Actions of Robots and AI Vladimír Smejkal1,*, Jindřich Kodl2 1Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic 2Authorized expert of cryptology and information systems security, Prague, Czech Republic Received 20 April 2023; received in revised form 17 September 2023; accepted 23 September 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2023.12038 Abstract Civil liability legislation is currently being developed, but little attention has been paid to the issue of criminal liability for the actions of robots. Keywords: actions; behavior; criminal; data; environment; fault; law; learning; liability; person; robot; self; software; system; technology; vol
• Estimating Macronutrient Content of Paddy Soil Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technology Using Multiple Linear Regression by Jonni Firdaus; Usman Ahmad; I Wayan Budiastra; I Dewa Made Subrata (2024) - Table 7 MLR model calibration and validation result for estimating total potassium with several pretreatment spectra data Model Spectra pretreatment data Number of wavelengths Calibration Validation r R2 RMSE (g/100 g) RPD RMSE (g/100 g) RPD 1 R (raw data) 6 0.90 0.81 0.051 2.3 0.057 2.2 2 Rdg1 4 0.97 0.94 0.029 4.2 0.036 3.6 3 Rdg2 4 0.97 0.93 0.031 3.8 0.037 3.4 4 Rsnv 4 0.95 0.91 0.037 3.2 0.034 3.7 5 Rnorm 4 0.94 0.88 0.042 2.9 0.055 2.3 6 A 4 0.90 0.82 0.051 2.3 0.055 2.3 7 Adg1 4 0.96 0.93 0.032 3.7 0.035 3.8 8 Adg2 4 0.96 0.92 0.034 3.5 0.050 2.6 9 Asnv 4 0.95 0.91 0.036 3.3 0.034 3.6 10 Anorm 4 0.93 0.87 0.044 2.7 0.063 2.0 The best model is written in bold, r: coefficient correlation, R2: coefficient determination, RMSE: The reflectance data undergoes various pretreatment techniques, and MLR models are calibrated using the forward method to achieve correlations exceeding 0.90. Keywords: calibration; data; mlr; model; nir; nitrogen; pcr; performance; phosphorus; pls; rmse; rpd; soil; total; values; vol
• The Prediction of Low-Rise Building Construction Cost Estimation Using Extreme Learning Machine by Kittisak Lathong; Kittipol Wisaeng (2024) - However, the literature scarcely highlights the significance of incorporating ensemble models derived from general models to facilitate collective learning and enhance performance levels, thereby bolstering robustness. This article presents a comprehensive methodology for low-rise building price prediction, which comprises the following 5 phases, data preprocessing, build base predictive model, build ensemble model, evaluation model, and results and conclusions, as depicted Advances in Technology Innovation, vol. 9, no. 1, 2024, pp. 12-27 15 in Fig. Keywords: accuracy; base; building; construction; cost; data; ensemble; learning; models; performance; prediction; prices; rise; rise building; vol
• Smart Streetlight Energy Saving System Based on mmWave Radar by Yu-Kai Lin; Jhih-Ci Li; Kai-Li Wang; Yu-Ping Liao (2024) - Specifically, the study utilizes mmWave radar to collect point cloud data, which undergoes denoising through Doppler, DBSCAN, and XYZ techniques. Keywords: deep learning, LSTM, mmWave radar, point cloud data, DBSCAN 1. Keywords: data; energy; fig; kwh; millimeter; point; radar; streetlights; system; twd; wave
• Precision Geolocation of Medicinal Plants: Assessing Machine Learning Algorithms for Accuracy and Efficiency by Maria Concepcion Suarez Vera (2024) - By employing machine learning algorithms—gradient boosting machine (GBM), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM)—within the cross-industry standard process for data mining (CRISP-DM) framework, both the accuracy and efficiency of medicinal plant geolocation are enhanced. These outcomes highlight the efficacy of SVM and GBM in medicinal plant geolocation and accentuate their potential to advance environmental research, conservation strategies, and pharmaceutical explorations. Keywords: accuracy; conservation; data; efficiency; gbm; geolocation; model; performance; plants; precision; prediction; research; study; svm; vol
• Improving Healthcare Communication: AI-Driven Emotion Classification in Imbalanced Patient Text Data with Explainable Models by Souaad Hamza-Cherif; Lamia Fatiha Kazi Tani; Nesma Settouti (2024) - These methodologies aim to shed light on how classification models arrive at their predictions. 2, which displays an exploration of different re-sampling methods, then a comparison of basic classification models (logistic regression, NB, LightGBM) with different vectorization models (CBOW, TF-IDF, and Word2vec) and in parallel an implementation of recurrent deep learning networks is placed: the LSTM sequential model and BERT to compare the performance of the convolutional classifier with the base models. Keywords: analysis; bert; classes; classification; data; learning; lstm; model; results; score; sentiment; study; text; vol; words
• Current Trends in Named Entity Recognition from Automatic Speech Recognition: A Bibliometric Analysis Using Scopus Database by Thu Hien Nguyen; Tuan Linh Nguyen; Thanh Binh Nguyen (2024) - Researchers have achieved these results by exploring different aspects of NER systems, including deep learning model architectures, training methods, training data, and the encoding of NER system outputs. The line representing the number of articles suggests sustained interest and progress in NER research from ASR. Keywords: analysis; asr; authors; conference; data; end; entity; field; fig; model; ner; publications; recognition; research; speech; technology; vol
• Recursive Feature Elimination and Optimized Hybrid Ensemble Approach for Early Heart Disease Prediction by Jitendra P Chaudhari; Kishan P Patel; Hiren K Mewada; Hardikkumar Sudhirbhai Jayswal; Yogesh P Kosta; Kanchan S Bhagat; Shubhangi D Kirange (2025) - This refined dataset will be used to develop and optimize heart disease prediction models. Related Work ML for heart disease prediction has been extensively researched to identify early indicators. Keywords: accuracy; data; dataset; disease; feature; heart; heart disease; knn; learning; model; prediction; selection; vol
• Performance Evaluation of Neural Network Models for Autism Detection Using EEG Data by Nazmul Hasan; Priyasha Paul; Manisha Jitendra Nene (2024) - Having a dataset with � data points, denoted by ��, ��, ��,…, ��, the mean ( ) can be calculated as: 1 2 3µ + + + + = … nx x x x n (1) Custom NN and LSTM demonstrate superior performance due to their sophisticated designs tailored for EEG data analysis, capturing complex patterns and temporal dependencies effectively. Keywords: asd; autism; data; eeg; features; frequency; model; study; vol
• Motorcycle Parking Violation Detection System Using YOLOv7 with Region of Interest Mapping and Object Area Calculation by Haerunnisya Makmur; Wulandari; Muhammad Fajar B; Andi Baso Kaswar; Dyah Darma Andayani; Fhatiah Adiba; Abdul Wahid; Satria Gunawan Zain (2025) - The system evaluation compared the proposed method, which utilizes object area calculation for detected parking objects within the ROI, with a scenario that does not use area calculation. Additionally, since parking objects appear consistently in most frames, they were annotated differently across frames for variety. Keywords: area; class; data; detection; fig; model; motorcycle; object; parking; roi; system; violations; vol
• A Novel Data Transmission Model Using Hybrid Encryption Scheme for Preserving Data Integrity by Riyaz Fathima Abdul; Saravanan Arumugam (2025) - Several types of symmetric encryption, including advanced encryption standard (AES), data encryption standard (DES), triple DES, Blowfish, Twofish, Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4), and ChaCha20, use the same key for both encryption and decryption. 7 Performance comparison with hybrid encryption models Besides Keywords: algorithm; chacha20; cloud; data; encryption; hybrid; key; model; security; vol
• A Review of Advances in Bio-Inspired Visual Models Using Event-and Frame-Based Sensors by Aya Zuhair Salim; Luma Issa Abdul-Kareem (2025) - November 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2024.14121 Abstract This paper reviews visual system models using event- and frame-based vision sensors. Section 8 highlights applications of visual system models across various industries. Keywords: applications; computer; data; dvs; event; flow; frame; ieee; models; motion; processing; sensors; systems; technology; time; vision; vol
• Formulating Seismic Intensity Scale (JMA-SIS) Using Response Spectrum: A New Approach for Structural Engineering Design by Nanang Gunawan Wariyatno; Ay Lie Han; Yanuar Haryanto; Gathot Heri Sudibyo; Sumiyanto; Nastain; Arwan Apriyono; Laurencius Nugroho; Hsuan-Teh Hu; Fu-Pei Hsiao; Buntara Sthenly Gan (2025) - https://doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2024.14243 Abstract This study aims to formulate a calculation for earthquake shaking intensity (rs_mSIS) based on the response spectrum (RS) using the Japan Meteorological Agency-seismic intensity scale. Typically, earthquake shaking intensity decreases as the distance from the epicenter increases. Keywords: data; earthquake; fig; ground; intensity; jma; motion; msis; response; samax; shaking; spectrum; values; vol
• Modeling the Daily Average Temperature Data Using Stochastic Process and Neural Networks for Weather Derivatives by Kanyarat Thitiwatthanakan; Manad Khamkong; Ravi Lonkani; Thanasak Mouktonglang (2025) - The increasing importance of weather derivatives in sectors including utilities, agriculture, and construction further emphasizes the need for accurate temperature models. Therefore, Fourier techniques are widely used to describe periodic data, which is suitable for applying to temperature data [25]. Keywords: component; data; ernn; fourier; model; neural; process; series; stochastic; temperature; vol; weather
• Risk Management Framework-Based Failure Mode and Effect Analysis for AI Risk Assessment by Yunarso Anang; Lya Hulliyyatus Suadaa; Lutfi Rahmatuti Maghfiroh; Nori Wilantika; Masakazu Takahashi; Yoshimichi Watanabe (2025) - (2) Applicability of FMEA to AI Systems: The FMEA framework is effective in identifying and prioritizing AI system risks. This dataset provides real-world examples of AI system failures, which serve as the basis for identifying potential failure modes and assessing associated risks. Keywords: ai systems; analysis; data; effects; failure; failure mode; fmea; incident; likelihood; mode; reports; research; risk; severity; systems; table; vol
• Effective Recommendation Considering Customers’ Needs Using Review Texts with TF-IDF and Word2Vec: Case of Golf Course by Kodai Kimura; Takashi Namatame (2025) - Conclusions This study proposed a recommendation method tailored to golf course users by leveraging textual reviews and incorporating geographic information. Analyzing golf course reviews in this way is expected to generate recommendations aligned with user needs. Keywords: course; data; golf; golf course; idf; recommendation; region; reviews; study; user; vol; word2vec; words
• Analysis of Characteristics of Complaints on Parenting Q&A Sites Using pLSA and Data Augmentation by Tomoki Yoshimi; Takashi Namatame (2025) - Table 2 shows the results of F1 scores, which are the harmonic mean of precision and recall, for each vectorization method when varying the amount of generated complaint data. (5) The classifier with the best performance was used to extract a large number of complaint data from the original dataset. Keywords: analysis; classification; complaints; data; dataset; doc2vec; parenting; performance; q&a; text; vol; words
• Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Milling Tool Based on Improved PSO-MultiAM-BiLSTM by Xiaomei Ni; David Chua Sing Ngie; Wanzhen Wang; Miaomiao Xin; Qiu Man; Liangyu Tian; Jingzhe Sun (2025) - # Information entropy −�%�� �2 :%�� �; �� Pulse factor ������1 ∑ � �� �� Willison amplitude 1<�|� =� − � |> �� Teager energy ? = � � − � A�BC=� Kurtosis factor 1 ∑ ��� − �̅�3� ���1 ∑ ��� − �̅��� �� − 3 (2) Frequency domain features The four features of center of gravity frequency (FC), mean square frequency (MSF), root mean square frequency (RMSF), and frequency variance (VF) were extracted mainly by fast Fourier transform (FFT) in the frequency domain, and the specific calculation formula is shown in Table 4. oo W h x b (5) ( )tanh= ×t t th o C (6) where Wf and Wi are the corresponding connection weight matrices; bf, bi and bC are the bias vectors; xt is the input data at the current moment; ht-1 is the hidden layer value at the previous moment; σ is the sigmoid activation function and the value interval is [0,1]; Ct-1 is the last moment cell state; Ct is the current cell state; and ��� is the temporary cell candidate value. Keywords: bilstm; data; features; model; multiam; optimization; prediction; pso; rul; tool; vol; − �; � −; � �
• A Study on Heading and Attitude Estimation of Underwater Track Vehicle by Ji, Dae-Hyeong; Choi, Hyeung-Sik; Jeong, Sang-Ki; Oh, Ji-Youn; Kim, Seo-Kang; You, Sam-Sang (2019) - In Fig. 9, the three graphs located on the left side are RLG data alone and Euler angles are converted and integrated. So, [8] recently implemented ARS by using an acceleration sensor and gyro sensor to overcome this drawback of the combination of various sensors. Keywords: ars; data; error; fig; sensor; system;  ;  
• A Cloud Information Platform for 3D Printing Rehabilitation Devices by Chen, Ta-Cheng; Chen, Yi-Wen; Chen, Yen-Shan; Kuo, Yun-Tzu (2019) - In this study, we applied the information technology and cloud-based technology to design a simple and user-friendly web-based interface for making 3D printing splint. After forming 3D printing splints, these splints do not need special maintenances Keywords: data; fig; graphics; information; management; platform; printing; production; splint; system; technology
• The Strategy of Energy Saving for Smart Shipping by Shaw, Heiu-Jou; Tzu, Fu-Ming (2019) - Second, an EEOI-based strategy for ship energy management is presented. Among the parameters, the draft and cargo mass interacts with the index to identify the fuel consumption at a constant speed; A draft between 11.5 m and 12 m was found to be optimum for this type of container ship. Keywords: consumption; data; draft; eeoi; energy; fig; fuel; power; ship; speed; trim; wind
• Performance Evaluation for Stacked-Layer Data Bus Based on Isolated Unit-Size Repeater Insertion by Tsai, Chia-Chun (2019) - 1, there is a number of n terminals and exists a maximal number of n(n-1) timing periods as well as a number of n(n-1) data access times. The estimation of a unit-size repeater insertion To understand the effects in data access time of a source-sink pair, it is required to make the estimation of a data access time before/after inserting a unit-size bidirectional repeater into a bus wire. Keywords: access; bus; c c; data; data bus; repeaters; size; time; timing; unit
• A Multichannel MAC Protocol for IoT-enabled Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks by Wu, Chien-Min; Kao, Yen-Chun; Chang, Kai-Fu (2020) - if PU active on equals data channel then. Dynamic data channel The token-based MAC protocol presented in this paper is based on the TDMA scheme. Keywords: channel; cluster; data; iot; mac; node; number; protocol; token; vol
• Remote Monitoring for the Operation Status of CNC Machine Tools Based on HTML5 by Wang, Yu-Shun; He, Ling-Song ; Gao, Zhi-Qiang ; Wang, Jun-Feng ; Cao, Yang-Fan (2019) - On the one hand, it added visualization of tool position data and tool trajectory during monitoring, always feedback the current artifact appearance to the monitor, and could view the artifact in all directions by dragging and zooming. [12] S. Dumke, H. Riemann, T. Bluhm, R. Daher, M. Grahl, M. Grün, A. Holtz, J. Krom, G. Kühner, H. Laqua, M. Lewerentz, A. Spring, and A. Werner, “Next generation web based live data monitoring for W7-X,” Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 129, pp. Keywords: cnc; data; fig; machine; model; monitoring; system; time; tool
• Biosignal –Based Multimodal Biometric System by Ko, Kuk Won; Lee, Sangjoon (2016) - We manufac- tured a bio-signal measurement system that can simultaneously measure ECG and PPG signals, using which three channels of ECG signal and one channel of PPG signal were acquired from the right-hand index finger of a total of 33 sub- sets for 3 minutes. PPG signals are bio-signals that are linked with ECG signals, and also represent the state of b lood vessels of the subject with heart contraction. Keywords: data; ecg; features; points; ppg; recognition; signals
• Application-Based Online Traffic Classification with Deep Learning Models on SDN Networks by Chang, Lin-Huang; Tsung-Han Lee; Hung-Chi Chu; Cheng-Wei Su (2020) - This is mainly due to the increasing number of deep learning network layers and the volume of dataset which consequently increases the computational cost corresponding to the execution time required training a deep learning network. The SDN controller with deep learning models, including MLP, CNN, and SAE models, will conduct the application-based traffic classification for each flow by establishing the match fields of the flow. Keywords: application; classification; data; dataset; deep; learning; learning models; models; network; online; sae; sdn; statistics; traffic; training
• Evaluation of Pan-Sharpening Techniques Using Lagrange Optimization by Bidyarani Devi, Mutum; Rajagopalan Devanathan (2020) - (3), and the fifth step consists of applying the proposed two cases of fusion methods to the dataset with the respective means of the band added to the deviations (Eqs. (6)-(16)). Simulation results of the proposed method and comparison with other fusion methods based on several evaluation criteria are discussed in Section 5. Keywords: band; blue; data; fusion; image; jk jk; method; multispectral; pan; red; resolution; value; vol
• Securing Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks under Byzantine Attacks by Implementing Non-Cryptographic Methods by Sofi, Shabir Ahmad; Naaz, Roohie (2017) - 1, LEACH vs. Advanced node based network the probability of sustaining the black hole or gray hole attack is more in the advanced node based network as compared to LEACH based network. Also the life cycle of the nodes in Advanced node based network is more than the LEACH based network. Keywords: attack; cluster; data; hole; network; node; packets; route; sensor
• An Overview of Own Tracking Wireless Sensors with GSM-GPS Features by Yassin-Kassab, Hamed ; Marius-Corneliu Rosu (2021) - The issue of energy consumption has been divided into two different directions: First, a large number of efficient energy communication protocols have emerged, including MAC protocols, routing and self-organizing, which take into account the particularities of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). [5] C. H. Yassin and M. C. Rosu, “Energy-Saving Strategies in Monitoring for Wireless Sensor Networks,” The 21th IEEE International Symposium for Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging (SIITME 2015), Brasov, Romania October 2015. Keywords: consumption; data; energy; fig; gprs; gps; gsm; hardware; ieee; international; networks; power; protocols; sensor; sensor networks; software; system; technology; time; tracking; transmission; vol; wireless
• The Impact of Coating Ingredients on the Aging Resistance of Topcoat Paints by Model Trees by Wong, Tzu-Tsung; Hung, Shih-Hsuan (2021) - The gloss and color, before and after the tests, are collected and numerical prediction method M5P is used to grow model trees for discovering the key factors affecting aging. Keywords: accelerated aging test, linear regression, model tree, numeric prediction, topcoat paint 1. Keywords: color; data; gloss; model; paint; pigment; proportion; regression; resin; topcoat; vol
• Real Time Scanning-Modeling System for Architecture Design and Construction by Zhang, Ye; Zhang, Kun; Chen, Kaidi; Xu, Zhen (2020) - Architectural form is mainly decided by the designer, while material data is often treated as an afterthought which doesn’t factor in decision-making directly. Keywords: scanning-modeling system, material data, computational design, robotic construction 1. Keywords: branch; construction; data; design; fig; information; material; modeling; scanning; system; time
• Development of a Small Intelligent Weather Station for Agricultural Applications by Chung, Yi-Hua; Jun-Fu Huang; Yuan-Chen Hu; Huang, Chen-Kang (2021) - For future work, we hope to increase the amount of lightning data by trying to use multiple weather boxes to collect data in the same area at the same time. Keywords: weather box, rainfall, frosting, lightning, early warning 1. Introduction Climate change and agriculture gain have a reciprocal relationship. Keywords: box; data; lightning; model; prediction; rain rain; rainfall; recall; table; taipei; weather; weather box
• An Experimental Study of Plastic Waste as Fine Aggregate Substitute for Environmentally Friendly Concrete by Nura Diana, Anita Intan; Fansuri, Subaidillah; Fatoni, Akhmad Feri (2021) - Compressive strength Based on Table 18, it can be analyzed that the regression equation model for the simultaneous effect on compressive strength with plastic waste variation is Y = 235.162 – 9.560 X, compressive strength without the addition of variation of plastic bottle waste is X = 0, and the value of compressive strength is (Y) = 235.162 kg/cm2 (19.518 MPa). Every year, the use of plastic bottles is increasing, but only few people are willing to treat plastic bottle waste. Keywords: aggregate; compressive; concrete; data; fine; plastic; strength; table; test; waste
• Point-Structured Human Body Modeling Based on 3D Scan Data by Tsai, Ming-June; Lung, Hsueh-Yung (2017) - Recently, a novel method of body feature extract ion from a marker-less scanned body was presented [10-11], in which the description of human body features are interpreted into logical mathemat ical defin itions. A convenient way to obtain a realistic representation of human body in the virtual world is using 3D dig itizing technique [1]. Keywords: body; data; feature; fig; human; model; motion; point
• A Differential Evolution Optimization Approach for Parameters Estimation of Truncated and Censored Failure Time Data by S. Syan, Chanan; Ramsoobag, Geeta (2018) - In the case of censored data, while the β value is increased, the η value decreased with larger percentages of Censoring. For n estimates, if Xîis the vector of estimates and Xiis the vector of True values then the MSE is calculated as: 𝑀𝑆𝐸 = 1 𝑛 ∑ (𝑋�̂� − 𝑋𝑖) 2𝑛 𝑖=1 (5) Advances in Technology Innovation, vol. 3, no. 4, 2018, pp. Keywords: algorithm; beta; data; fig; mse; nll; percentage; sample; truncation; values; vol
• Cost-Effective Customizable Indoor Environmental Quality Monitoring System by Al-Rawi, Mohammad Ayad; Chand, Praneel; Evangelista , Archie Van Mendoza (2021) - ThingSpeak includes a web service (REST API) that enables collection and storage of sensor data in the cloud for IoT applications. Table 2 Specifications for air quality sensor (MQ-135) Parameter Index Operating voltage +5 V Detect/measure NH3, NOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2, etc Analog output voltage 0-5 V Table 3 Specifications for temperature and humidity sensor (DHT-11) Keywords: air; arduino; cost; data; fig; ieq; innovation; iot; microcontroller; monitoring; quality; sensor; system; table; technology; time; vol
• Short-Term Rainfall Prediction Using Supervised Machine Learning by Nusrat Jahan Prottasha; Anik Tahabilder; Md Kowsher; Md Shanon Mia; Khadiza Tul Kobra (2023) - Therefore, rain prediction accuracy may vary depending on the dataset characteristics. Keywords: rain prediction, machine learning, supervised classification, agriculture resource, crops yield 1. Keywords: accuracy; classifier; data; dataset; feature; learning; machine; model; prediction; rain; rainfall; vol
• Clustering Analysis with Embedding Vectors: An Application to Real Estate Market Delineation by Lee, Changro (2021) - Clustering is a de facto standard tool employed in unsupervised learning and is extensively used as a technique for discovering hidden patterns in data, such as consumer groups based on demographic profiles, or real estate submarkets based on property characteristics [5]. This study attempts to construct real estate submarkets by exploiting the entity embedding approach. Keywords: algorithm; approach; clustering; data; distance; embedding; entity; estate; market; study; variables; vectors; vol
• Developing and Implementing an AI-Based Leak Detection System in a Long-Distance Gas Pipeline by Wang, Te-Kwei; Lin, Yu-Hsun; Shen, Jian-Yuan (2022) - As shown in Fig. 12(a) and Fig. 12(b), the first half of the training data set is normal data, and the second half is leak data. Table 1 lists the result of testing leak data after adjusting the hyperparameters of the above models. Keywords: data; fig; leak; leak test; model; pressure; test
• Effects of Data Standardization on Hyperparameter Optimization with the Grid Search Algorithm Based on Deep Learning: A Case Study of Electric Load Forecasting by Ngoc, Tran Thanh; Dai, Le Van; Minh, Lam Binh (2022) - Step 5: �������� is calculated by using the value �������� � . i y y n y= − = ×∑ (10) where �� is the actual value i th , and ˆ i y is the predicted value i th . Keywords: adam; cnn; data; hyperparameters; max; methods; model; normalization; vol; � �
• Building Information Modeling in the Architecture and Construction Industry by Jerome Jordan Faz Famadico (2023) - Moreover, the major barrier to BIM implementation is the high acquisition cost, and the most recommended approach is to increase the availability of BIM technology. (4) The most common practices or approaches in addressing the challenges of BIM implementation were: increasing the availability of BIM technology, establishing BIM execution guidelines, innovating research for BIM technology, organizing the transition process from traditional practice to BIM, and conducting workshops on BIM. Keywords: barriers; benefits; bim; building; construction; data; design; implementation; project; research; respondents; risks; study; technology

• Design and Testing of a Remote Deployable Water Purification System Powered by Solar Energy by E. Keith, Amber; French, Jesse J. (2019) - Keywords: renewable energy, solar power, clean water, water purification, self-sufficient 1. Unfortunately, the distribution of drinking water is not proportional to the distribution of the population Keywords: battery; fig; liters; power; purification; system; water
• State Estimation and Optimal Control of Four-Tank System with Stochastic Approximation Approach by Xian Wen Sim; Sie Long Kek; Sy Yi Sim; Jiao Li (2023) - The output variable � = ���, ���� is defined by ( ) ( )y k h x k=    (24) where the output measurement channel ℎ = �ℎ�, ℎ���: ℜ� → ℜ� is 1 1 h x= (25) 2 2 h x= (26) which represents the solution for the liquid level of tank 1 and 2 as ��� � and ��� �, respectively. Denote ��, ��, ��, and �� as the liquid level of tanks 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, while �� and �� are the flow parameters of pumps 1 and 2. Fig. Keywords: control; state; system; tank; ℛ �; ℜ �; � =; � �
• Design of an Adiabatic Calorimeter for Cementitious Mixtures by Multi-Objective Optimization by Jhonatan A. Becerra-Duitama; Mauricio Mauledoux; Óscar F. Avilés (2023) - 3 Vessels used for calorimeter measurement In turn, the calorimeter has 3 temperature sensors, 1 for the sample and 2 for water temperature measurement. Keywords: algorithm; calorimeter; cement; design; fig; heat; objective; optimization; system; temperature; time; vol
• An Optimal Energy Control System for Campus Microgrid Using Crow Search Algorithm Considering Economic Dispatch by Agim Tetuko; Subiyanto; Muhammad Addin Malik (2023) - Therefore, energy storage systems (ESS) such as battery energy storage systems (BESS), have been combined in microgrid systems to maintain power continuity in microgrids [13]. Keywords: optimal energy control system, economic dispatch, operating cost, campus microgrid, crow search algorithm 1. Keywords: bess; campus; cost; crow; csa; energy; load; microgrid; power; system; vol
• Humidity Control for Air Circulation in the Drying Process by Aphisik Pakdeekaew; Krawee Treeamnuk; Tawarat Treeamnuk (2023) - However, this experiment limits the volumetric flow of drying air in the range of 60% (valve open at an angle of 54 degrees) onwards, and the system has the potential to 83% air recirculation when the valve is fully open. It can reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere compared to hot air combustion systems and being able to improve the quality of the product after drying in the future. Keywords: air; control; controller; drying; energy; fig; humidity; ratio; system; technology; valve; vol
• Innovative Approach to Enhance Stability: Neural Network Control and Aquila Optimization Integration in Single Machine Infinite Bus Systems by Yogesh Kalidas Kirange; Pragya Nema (2024) - The PSS signal (����) added to the excitation system is given by: ( ) ( )δ= PSS PSS V G s V s (6) This approach aims to improve power system stability by combining the advantages of SMIB systems, current PSS, and the optimization capabilities of AOA. Keywords: angle; aoa; control; equation; optimization; power; power system; pss; rotor; smib; stability; system; time; vol; � �
• Synergistic Application of Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm for Solar PV Performance Improvement by Aditya Sharma; Dheeraj Kumar Palwalia (2024) - ����(�) and �����(�) are the best and worst fitness values among all agents at time �. Meanwhile, �������(�) is the fitness value of agent � and � at time � . Keywords: algorithm; cycle; duty; gsa; hpso; mppt; particle; power; pso; solar; system; vol; � �
• A Secure and Robust Data Transmission for 2 × 2 MIMO-OFDM System Using Subcarrier Randomization with Elliptical Curve Cryptography by I Gede Puja Astawa; Melki Mario Gulo; Amang Sudarsono (2024) - It can be seen from the results obtained from this experiment that the use of the ECC method compared to RSA results is almost three times faster for average time running applied to security systems in MIMO OFDM systems compared to the results obtained from previous research [12]. The experiment results show that the ECC method results are almost two hundred times faster than RSA when applied to security systems in MIMO OFDM systems, compared to the previous research Keywords: bit; communication; ecc; fig; message; mimo; ofdm; process; randomization; receiver; security; subcarrier; system; vol
• Integration of Multiple Simulation Tools for Photovoltaic System Design and Analysis by Gour Chand Mazumder; Sanjay Kumar Sarker; Tamim Hossain; Md. Shahariar Parvez; Md. Rifat Hazari; Chowdhury Akram Hossain; Md. Saniat Rahman Zishan; Nowshad Amin (2024) - The capacity of PV systems varies from a few watts to a mega-watt scale. [13] M. Baqir and H. K. Channi, “Analysis and Design of Solar PV System Using Pvsyst Software,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 48, part 5, pp. Keywords: analysis; cost; electricity; energy; export; fig; grid; homer; load; payback; pvsyst; results; scenario; system; vol
• Iterative Clipping Filtering and Saleh Model Predistorter on a MIMO-OFDM System Testbed Using Software Defined Radio by M Wisnu Gunawan; I Gede Puja Astawa; Amang Sudarsono (2025) - However, one of the main challenges faced in OFDM systems is the phenomenon of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) Additionally, other research proposes a combination of PAPR reduction techniques using companding methods, such as nonlinear error function (NERF), μ-law, and hybrid, combined with Hammerstein model-based PD for OFDM systems in 5G networks [19]. Keywords: fig; icf; mimo; model; ofdm; papr; reduction; saleh; signal; system; vol
• Multifunctional Intelligent Helmet to Enhanced Safety and Comfort of Laborers in the Mining Industry by Harshal Ambadas Durge; Vijay Mahadeo Mane; Arjun Jaggi; Preetish Kakkar (2025) - Each function includes specific sub-features, such, as helmet impact, gas detection systems, DC light activation based on luminosity, vibration control through mobile devices, and cooling and warming systems. A multi-functional electronic helmet developed for road safety, featuring a global system for mobile communications (GSM), a global positioning system (GPS), solar mobile charging, rain detection, and temperature regulation (26 to 27 ℃). Keywords: detection; fig; gas; helmet; light; mining; regulation; safety; sensor; system; technology; temperature; vibration; vol
• Multi-Objective Optimization of EV Charging for Cost and Loss Minimization Under TOU Tariff by Suwimon Techanok; Keerati Chayakulkheeree (2025) - In [5], an efficient and accurate predictive model for EV charging demand is proposed, specifically designed for use in the management and planning of urban transportation infrastructure. The study in [5] focuses on developing a predictive model to accurately forecast EV charging demand by leveraging advanced deep learning techniques, primarily emphasizing long-term planning and resource allocation for charging station operators. Keywords: bus; case; charging; costs; electricity; energy; fig; load; loss; mopso; objective; oevc; power; system; time
• Benefit Analysis of Emergency Standby System Promoted to Cogeneration System by Wang, Shyi-Wen (2016) - Where i: time interval PSi: pseudo switch used to indicate the on/off (1/0) status of CGS during time interval i OC(PGi, HGi): operation cost of the CGS during time interval i (NT$/h) PGi: output power of the CGS during time interval i (kWh) HGi: equivalent power of recovered heat of the CGS during time interval i (kWh) TPi: TOU rate structure during time interval i (NT$/kWh) Di: demand during time interval i (kWh) RCD: rate when demand is under the contract capacity RP: rate if demand exceeds contract capacity CD: contract capacity Dm: monthly maximum demand On the basis of the formulat ion of the cost function, the optimal operation scheme of the sample CGS and the optimal use of power fro m the utility can therefore be determined, ultimately, so as to minimize the monthly electricity cost. Step 6: Print out the optimal operation schedule, operation benefit, daily maximum demand, and then stop the process. Keywords: capacity; cgs; cost; fig; operation; sample; system; time
• Implementation of Adaptive Embedded Controller for a Temperature Process by Kumar, J. Satheesh; Sankar, Deepu (2019) - 1 Block diagram of thermal process control systems The above mentioned experimental setup is the prototype of a thermal process. This will help in the field of process control to implement complex algorithms with low-cost devices. Keywords: adaptive; arduino; control; controller; model; output; process; simulink; system; temperature; time
• Investigation of a Ball Screw Feed Drive System Based on Dynamic Modeling for Motion Control by Huang, Yi-Cheng; Chen, Xiang-Yuan (2017) - Since ball screw play a significant role in con- verting rotary motion into linear mot ion Pre- loading is effective to eliminate backlash and increase the stiffness of ball screw for precision motion concerns. 0N ms rotational viscous damping co- efficient of the support bearing of ball screw (Qb) Keywords: ball; drive; fig; screw; stiffness; system
• Synchronized Injection Molding Machine with Servomotors by Chen, Sheng-Liang; Dinh, Hoai-Nam; Nguyen, Van-Thanh (2017) - Moreover the determining a suitable injection time, screw position and cavity pressure for transfer from injection ve- locity control to packing pressure control which is commonly called filling to packing switchover point is also critical for high quality part. [9] N. Akasaka, “A synchronous position con- trol method at pressure control between multi-ac servomotors driven in inject ion molding machine,” in SICE 2003 Annual Conference, vol. 3, pp. Keywords: control; controller; fig; injection; packing; phase; pressure; servo; system; velocity
• Position Control and Novel Application of SCARA Robot with Vision System by Hsu, Hsiang-Chen; Chu, Li-Ming; Wang, Zong-Kun; Tsao, Shu-Chi (2017) - SCARA robot was introduced in SEIKO watch assembling lines in 1981 and since then industrial SCARA robot has been widely used in electronic, semiconductor, automobile, electronic, plastic, food and pharmaceutical factories [3] all over the world. SCARA robots may vary in size and shape but they all are consistent in a unique 4-axis motion [2]. Keywords: control; coordinate; fig; image; pcb; robot; scara; system; vol
• Assessment of Arteriovenous Shunt Pathway Function and Hypervolemia for Hemodialysis Patients by Using Integrated Rapid Screening System by Chen, Wei-Ling; Lin, Chia-Hung; Kan, Chung-Dann (2017) - The project proposes to combine our previous study of au- dio-phono angiographic technology in detecting vascular stenosis with rapid screening system to evaluate dialysis patients’ arteriovenous routes function and their status of excess body fluids: inspecting and integrating the blood pressure, body weight, and fistula function work into a rapid screening system, and using the quantiza- tion of fistula phono angiography pitch to achieve assessing arteriovenous routes. The purpose of this paper is to combine our previous study of audio-phonoangiographic technology in detecting vascular stenosis with rapid screening system to evaluate dialysis * Keywords: body; fig; hemodialysis; patients; screening; stenosis; system; vol
• Transmission Wheeling Pricing in Embedded Cost Using Modified Amp-Mile and MVA Utility Factor Methods by Jain, Gaurav; Palwalia, Dheeraj Kumar; Mishra, Anuprita (2019) - 1   linen t t t k lk l l AL AEUD CC    (16) 1 linen t t t k lk l l AG AEUG CC    (17) 1 linen t t t k lk l l RL REUD CC    (18) 1 linen t t t k lk l l RG REUG CC    (19) 1 [ ] 0 linen t t t l l l RCC CC CC     (20) ? t t t t k k k k Total Cost AL AG RL RG    (21) t t lgk ldkMVAPUF MVAPUF  (22) t t lgk ldkMVAQUF MVAQUF  (23)   (26) t t t lgk l gk MVAQUF MVA Q   (27) 1 nbus t t t t t t t t t l ldk dk lgk gk ldk dk lgk gk k MVA MVAPUF P MVAPUF P MVAQUF Q MVAQUF Q          (28) t t t t lk ldk dk l AEUD MVAPUF P MVA  (29) t t t t lk lgk gk l AEUG MVAPUF P MVA  (30) t t t t Keywords: allocation; amp; bus; cost; factor; load; method; mile; mva; power; reactive; system; t l; t t; transmission; utility; vol
• Optimizing Engine Start Systems with Application to Sailing/Coasting and Mild Hybridization by Madhusudan Raghavan (2020) - [14] M. Raghavan, N. Bucknor, and V. Donikian, “The kinematics and dynamics of engine start systems,” in IFToMM Asian MMS Conference, Bangalore, 2018. [11] M. Canova, Y. Guezennec, and S. Yurkovich, “On the control of engine start/stop dynamics in a hybrid Electric vehicle,” ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control, vol. 131, no. 6, pp. 1-12, November 2009. Keywords: coasting; engine; fuel; motor; operation; ratio; rpm; speed; starter; stop; system
• The Innovative Bike Conceptual Design by Using Modified Functional Element Design Method by Liu, Nien-Te; Wu, Chang-Tzuoh (2016) - Liu and Wu have proposed the representations for bicycle characteristics, but the process for bicycle design is not mentioned in the study Conclusions The approach proposed by this research is to modified functional elements design method for bicycle design. Keywords: bicycle; design; elements; process; step; system
• Combining Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence Scene Recognition in Real-time Environment Image Planning Walkable Area by Jia-Shing Sheu; Chen-Yin Han (2020) - To achieve to mark walkable areas and relative coordinates, this study is divided into three parts: (1) The first part constitutes neural network object identification. The walkable area determined using the system, marked by BLUE COLOR Table 2 presents the detail of the detection, we chosen Google’s Tensorflow Object detection API “faster_rcnn_ inception_resnet_v2_atrous_coco” frozen model as object detection model, “ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco,” and “ssd_mobilenet Advances in Technology Innovation, vol. 5, no. 1, 2020, pp. Keywords: area; detection; fig; image; model; network; object; recognition; system
• Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Direct Acting Tensioner of an Offshore Floating Platform by Zong-Yu Chang; Xin Duan; Zhong-Qiang Zheng; Lin Zhao; Yu-Hu Yang; Xian-Yi Zhou; Peng Zhu; Jing-Wen He (2020) - Scholars have carried out related researches on the performance of riser tensioners. [12] used a multibody dynamics system to analyze the movement of riser tensioners. Keywords: acting; displacement; fig; model; motion; riser; system; tensioner
• Simulation and Implementation of a Modified ANFIS MPPT Technique by Bachar Meryem; Naddami Ahmed; Fahli Ahmed (2020) - In this study, the ANFIS MPPT algorithm was used to extract the MPP from the PV array with a PI controller based on the fuzzy data. The fourth part shows the ANFIS MPPT algorithm and explains the principle of operation of this proposed technique. Keywords: algorithm; anfis; array; fig; irradiation; mppt; power; system; temperature; vol; voltage
• CAE Analysis of Secondary Shaft Systems in Great Five-axis Turning-Milling Complex CNC Machine by Hong, Chih-Chiang; Chang, Cheng-Long; Huang, Chun-Chen; Yang, Chi-Ching; Lin, Chien-Yu (2017) - The main components of secondary shaft system are screw shaft and base. External pressure loads on left-end of screw shaft and hydraulic pressure loads on the base in secondary shaft system for the screw shaft locates at top position typically is also shown. Keywords: cnc; copyright; fig; screw; shaft; stress; system
• Thai Voice-Controlled Analysis for Car Parking Assistance in System-on-Chip Architecture by Prongnuch, Sethakarn; Sitjongsataporn, Suchada (2020) - The PCC (pxy) is a measurement of the linear correlation between two random variables, ���� and +���, which is defined as in [16]: { }( ) ( )T xy x y E y t y t p ⋅ = ⋅σ σ (13) where #$+,��� ⋅ +���& is the crosscorrelation between ���� and +���. The log-energy at the output of the filter bank may be expressed as: 1 2 0 ( ) ln( ( ) ), 0 N DFT k s m X k n M − = = ≤ <∑ (8) The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is operated to achieve the ��� cepstral coefficients �� as: 1 0 ( 0.5) ( )cos( ), 1, 2, , M r m r m c s m r R M − = − = =∑ … π (9) where ���� is the logarithm of the Mel spectrum, and R is the total number of cepstral coefficients. Keywords: assist; car; female; fig; male; parking; speech; system; thai; voice; � �
• Dockless Shared Bicycle Flow Control by Using Kernel Density Estimation Based Clustering by Chen, Shang-Yuan; Chen, Tzu-Tien (2021) - However, unlike dockless shared bicycles, docking shared bicycles do not allow users to obtain and return the bikes at any location, thus docking shared bicycles cannot easily become important means of everyday transportation for urban residents. As a consequence, this study relies on observations and analysis of dockless shared bicycles in Shanghai, China to gain a better understanding of dockless shared bicycles and methods of improving their effectiveness, as well as specific methods of making them more acceptable to city residents and a more important means of transportation. Keywords: area; bicycle; bikes; check; clustering; density; dockless; incentive; level; system; � �
• Driving Assistance System with Lane Change Detection by Sheu, Jia-Shing; Tsai, Chun-Kang ; Wang, Po-Tong (2021) - After binarization, black and white images are subjected to the erosion morphology for filtering white impurities remaining in the binarization image and increasing the accuracy of lane line detection. The camera is used to capture lane images, and the image noise is overcome through color space conversion, grayscale, Otsu thresholding, binarization, erosion, and dilation. Keywords: algorithm; detection; edge; fig; image; intersection; lane; lines; system; vol
• A Recursive Least-Squares Approach with Memorizing Factor for Deriving Dynamic Equivalents of Power Systems by Karami, Ali (2021) - This relative rotor angle is denoted as: ��� − ��() . The connection of a local machine to a multimachine system Letting ��� ≅ �� − �� and denoting the elements of matrix ���� as ��� = ��� + � ��, the active power and reactive power of the ith machine can be expressed as follows [32]: 2 1 ( cos sin ) n j Keywords: approach; equivalent; factor; fig; machine; parameters; power; power system; system; time; tme; vol; � �
• A Comparison of Automotive Waste Heat Recovery Systems by Raghavan, Madhusudan; He, Yong Sheng (2018) - Keywords: waste heat recovery systems, turbo-compounding, organic Rankine cycle, thermoelectrics 1. There have been numerous prior studies on waste heat recovery systems based on thermoelectric generators (TEGs) for potential automotive applications. Keywords: cycle; energy; engine; exhaust; fig; fuel; gas; heat; model; power; system; teg; temperature; turbo; vehicle
• Maintenance Initiation Prediction Incorporating Vibrations and System Availability by Gopikuttan, Lasithan Lasyam; Veettil, Shouri Puthan; Govindan, Rajesh Vazhayil (2022) - The proposed model creates the wear in the raceways of the bearing of a Class I machine intentionally, and the resultant vibrations above the alert limit can be measured and recorded using vibration measurement systems. This curve can be used to explain various stages of system failure, i.e., failure initiation (I), potential failure (P), and functional failure (F). Keywords: availability; bearing; failure; initiation; life; limit; load; machines; maintenance; system; time; velocity; vibration; vibration velocity; vol
• Theoretical Investigation for the Influence of Various Parameters on the Performance of a Novel Concentration-Based Solar Desalination System by Mohammed, Mokhtar; Janan, Mourad Taha (2022) - 40 kg brackish water mass. Keywords: solar desalination system, parabolic trough concentrator, design parameters, freshwater yield, system efficiency 1. The influence of glass cover thickness Freshwater yield and system efficiency increase as the cover glass thickness increases from 2 mm to 4 and 6 mm. Keywords: absorber; basin; cover; efficiency; freshwater; freshwater yield; glass; solar; system; thickness; water; yield

• International Flipped Class for Chinese Honors Bachelor Students in the Frame of Multidisciplinary Fields: Reliability and Microelectronics by Bonnaud, Olivier; Danto, Yves; Kuang, Ying-Hui; Yuan, Li (2018) - These two subjects are therefore part of the objectives for students and the challenge is to choose the best pedagogical way to acquire these skill. The face-to-face duration between students and teachers is about twelve hours. Keywords: approach; microelectronics; reliability; students; systems; technologies; technology
• Iris Recognition Scheme Based on Entropy and Convolutional Neural Network by Inass-Shahadha Hussein; Noor-Abbood Jasim (2024) - The CNN requires itself to be trained on a dataset of labeled iris images before being used for recognition. When iris images are captured in proper circumstances, these algorithms can accomplish adequate localization precision. Keywords: accuracy; cnn; entropy; fig; histogram; image; iris; learning; recognition; scheme; segmentation; technology; value; vol
• Enhanced Design of On-Chip Monopole Antenna Inspired by Partially Reflective Surface at 5.8 GHz by Ahmadu Girgiri; Mohd Fadzil Ain; Mohd Zamir Bin Pakhuruddin; Bello Abdullahi Muhammad; Abdullahi Sarkin Bauchi Mohammed (2024) - − +PRS r inc fd f f f v (13) where f is the frequency (Hz), ������� is the PRS shift in the reflection phase, ����� is the reflected wave phase, ������� is the incidence wave phase, d denotes the distance between the PRS and the top antenna, and v is the speed of the medium. 10 illustrates the effect of varying SiO2 on antenna gain. Keywords: antenna; chip; design; efficiency; fig; frequency; gain; ghz; prs; radiation; reflection; technology; vol; � �
• Investigation of Affordable Technologies for Real-Time See-Through Various Indoor Surfaces and Walls by Qurban Ali Memon; Selama Tekleab; Jood Albedwawi; Fatima Alantali; Alyazia Ateeq Aldhaheri (2025) - Therefore, the type of wall material is a crucial determinant in signal detection behind walls. [14] introduce a method for identifying human posture behind walls using radar signals and CNNs. Keywords: concrete; detection; device; distance; human; objects; power; radar; results; signal; surfaces; technology; vol; wall
• A Review of the Stimulus–Organism–Response Paradigm and Environmental Education for Cruise Tourism: A Proposed Framework by Chun-Hua Hsiao; Kai-Yu Tang (2025) - Third, based on the literature, this study extended the discussion of environmental education to the context of cruise tourism, proposing that environmental education is important in promoting pro-environmental behavior among tourists. For example, researchers have indicated that environmental education has been shown to increase awareness and understanding of ecological issues, leading to pro-environmental behavior Keywords: awareness; behavior; cruise; cruise tourism; education; environmental; framework; influence; issues; research; responses; stimuli; study; technology; tourism; tourists; vol
• Participatory Communication Referred to Meta-Design Approach through the FleXpeaker™ Application of Innovative Material in Exhibition Design by Su, Pei-Hsuan (2016) - Keywords: communication system, participatory design, exhibit design, flexible speaker 1. Method This participatory communication study is based upon how to employ participatory design in the art exh ibitions and museum spaces. Keywords: design; images; museum; new; technology; visitors
• Analysis of 2017 Gartner’s Three Megatrends to Thrive the Disruptive Business, Technology Trends 2008-2016, Dynamic Capabilities of VUCA and Foresight Leadership Tools by Jari, Kaivo-Oja; Lauraeus, Theresa (2019) - Disruptive technologies The importance of new technologies for society arises from the discovery that ideas and their implementation generate growth and well-being [1]. When we focus on technology innovation, it is significantly important to evaluate these high-level trends and the featured technologies, as well as the potential impact on their businesses. Keywords: business; cycle; digital; foresight; gartner; hype; innovation; management; new; technologies; technology; tools; vol; vuca
• Development of a Cost-effective Design of a P-V Ventilated Greenhouse Solar Dryer for Commercial Preservation of Tomatoes in a Rural Setting by Ebangu, Benedict Orari; Dintwa, Edward; Motsamai, Oboestwe (2019) - [24] B. A. Berichte, “Experimental studies and mathematical modelling of solar drying system for production of high quality dried tomato,” pp. [23] M. G. S. Green, “Solar drying technology for food preservation,” GTZ-GATE, January 2011D. Brooker, “Mathematical model of the psychrometric chart,” Transactions of the ASAE, vol. 10, pp. 558-560, 1967. Keywords: air; content; design; dryer; drying; energy; food; greenhouse; moisture; solar; technology; tomato; tomatoes; vol; water
• A Research Survey of Electronic Commerce Innovation: Evidence from the Literature by Tang, Kai-Yu; Hsiao, Chun-Hua; Chen, Mei-Chun (2019) - 2 visualizes the distribution of EC innovation research with the number of publications, showing the publication trends of the most productive countries in EC innovation across the two phases (2000-2009 and 2010-2018). The growth of authors involved in the EC innovation research in the last five years (2014-2018, as shown in Fig. 1) is especially noteworthy, indicating the great attraction of EC innovation research to academics. Keywords: articles; commerce; decade; ec innovation; information; innovation; keywords; management; online; research; technology; vol
• Adaptation of the Higher Education in Engineering to the Advanced Manufacturing Technologies by Bonnaud, Olivier; Bsiesy, Ahmad (2020) - The twelve common centres of the CNFM (red circles and red stars) manage practical training platforms and are located throughout the metropolitan area. Electronic hardware platforms (microprocessors, microcontrollers, sensors, actuators, etc.) are at the heart of the smart factory and they are provided by microelectronics industry Keywords: cnfm; education; industry; microelectronics; network; objects; platforms; systems; technology; training; vol
• Multicriteria Decision Analysis on Information Security Policy: A Prioritization Approach by Jonathan Salar Cabrera; Ariel Roy Luceño Reyes; Cindy Almosura Lasco (2021) - Overall rating on information security aspects Fig. The result reflects that the DORSU implementation for information security policy is imbalanced. Keywords: aspects; availability; confidentiality; information; integrity; management; matrix; security; technology
• Innovative Strategy to Meet the Challenges of the Future Digital Society by Bonnaud, Olivier (2021) - Energy consumption challenges The consequence of this exponential growth is that the energy consumed by connected objects is also growing exponentially and is becoming globally preponderant Indeed, the number of connected objects, intelligent sensors and IoTs are increasing exponentially. Keywords: challenges; consumption; digital; energy; innovation; microelectronics; network; objects; technology; training; vol
• Dynamic Biometric Signature - an Effective Alternative for Electronic Authentication by Smejkal, Vladimír; Kodl, Jindřich (2018) - Keywords: biometric authentication methods, dynamic biometric signature, electronic signature, authentication 1. [4] V. Smejkal and J. Kodl, “Strong authentication using dynamic biometric signature,” Proc. of 45th Annual 2011 IEEE International Carnahan Conf. Keywords: authentication; compliance; dbs; degree; devices; dynamic; level; people; signature; stability; technology; test

• Optimizing Lags and Hidden Layers in Hybrid Models for Forecasting Stock Return by Nuttaphat Sukchitt; Manad Khamkong; Lampang Saechan; Napon Hongsakulvasu (2025) - 1 ln −   =     t t t p R p (1) where �� is the return of the index, �� is the data for today, ���� is the data for yesterday. Given that the linear term is obtained from the following formula, the residual series �� from the ARIMAX model is expressed as follows: ˆ= −t t tN y L (5) where ��� denotes the forecasting value for time t of the time series �� by ARIMAX, �� represents the non-linear term of the model. Keywords: ann; arimax; ernn; forecasting; hybrid; lags; layers; model; network; neural; period; series; table; time; traditional; vol; � �
• Assessment of a Charge Transport Model for LDPE through Conduction Current Measurement by Kusumasembada, Anggie Chandra; Teyssedre, Gilbert; Roy, Severine Le; Boudou, Laurent; Sinisuka, Ngapuli Irmea (2017) - The purpose of this paper is to enrich study regarding LDPE charge transport by presenting measurement results on charging and discharging currents and comparing results with an already available model of conduction based on bipolar charge generation and transport. For this reason, space charge measurements, on the one hand, and models of charge transport en- compassing charge generation, trapping and transport have been developed. Keywords: charge; current; ldpe; model; time; transport
• Zinc Sulfide Buffer Layer for CIGS Solar Cells Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition by You, Rui-Wei; Fu, Yen-Pei (2016) - In this study, ZnS thin films were success- fully synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) with starting materials of NH2-NH2, SC(NH2)2, and ZnSO4‧7H2O. ZnS thin films were deposited with different time on glass substrates by CBD at 80 o C and pH=9. It was found that the optimum deposition time is 90 min for preparing ZnS thin film that is suitable as buffer layer for CuIn1-xGaxSe2 solar cells. Keywords: buffer; deposition; film; layer; min; time; zns
• Design and Implementation of Adaptive PID and Adaptive Fuzzy Controllers for a Level Process Station by Venkataraman, Aparna (2021) - 2. Study on Adaptive PID and Adaptive Fuzzy Control Techniques Several techniques are proposed in the literature to improve upon the limitations of traditional PID control scheme, namely, adaptive gain scheduling technique, adaptive PID design using the Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) algorithm, PID control using model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme, PID controller tuned with characteristics ratio assignment (CRA) technique, and PID controller with decoupler and inverting decoupler. [22-24] have implemented gain scheduling PID controllers for engine speed control for several nonlinear turbojet engines. Keywords: adaptive; controller; fig; fuzzy; gain; operating; pid; process; region; response; servo; time; vol
• Vehicle Path Planning with Multicloud Computation Services by Wang, Po-Tong; Lin, Shao-Yu; Sheu, Jia-Shing (2021) - [10]; however, in contrast to Faster RCNN, the single-shot detector (SSD) object recognition network performs one-stage identification in real time. Keywords: computer vision, scene recognition, cloud computing, object detection 1. Keywords: area; box; cloud; detection; fig; object; path; planning; time; vehicle; vision; vol
• Design Philosophy for Buildings’ Comfort-Level Performance by Wariyatno, Nanang Gunawan ; Lie, Han Ay ; Hsiao, Fu-Pei ; Gan, Buntara Sthenly (2021) - Introduction Japan is susceptible to strong earthquakes and volcanic eruptions owing to its location at the junction of four active tectonic plates: the Pacific, North American, Eurasian, and Philippine plates. Keywords: comfort-level, seismic intensity level (SIL), quantification, earthquake, design philosophy 1. Keywords: 2nd; acceleration; building; earthquake; fig; intensity; response; roof; sil; time; vol; � �
• Optimization of Superplastic Forming Process of AA7075 Alloy for the Best Wall Thickness Distribution by Nguyen, Manh Tien; Nguyen, Truong An ; Tran, Duc Hoan; Le, Van Thao (2021) - The elongation to fracture for tensile tests of this alloy was achieved below 10% at room temperature (20°C), resulting in its limited applicability in forming processes. +1 +1 20 0.45 13 0 0 0 17.4 0.48 14 0 0 0 17.2 0.48 15 0 0 0 17 0.44 Table 4 ANOVA result for thinning degree model Source Sum of squares Degree of freedom Mean square F-value p-value Significance Model 33.48 9 3.72 38.16 0.0004 Significant A-A 2.00 1 2.00 20.51 0.0062 - B-B 9.90 1 9.90 101.55 0.0002 - C-C 0.2813 1 0.2813 2.88 0.1502 - AB 1.32 1 1.32 13.56 0.0142 - AC 0.0225 1 0.0225 0.2308 0.6512 - BC 1.44 1 1.44 14.77 0.0121 - A² 7.50 1 7.50 76.90 0.0003 - B² 0.7477 1 0.7477 7.67 0.0394 - C² 8.87 1 8.87 90.98 0.0002 - Residual 0.4875 5 0.0975 - - - Lack-of-fit 0.4075 3 0.1358 3.40 0.2358 Not significant Pure error 0.0800 2 0.0400 - - - Corrected total 33.97 14 - - - - R² 0.9856 - - - - - Adjusted R² 0.9598 - - - - - Predicted R 2 0.8028 - - - - - Adequate precision 27.7014 - - - - - 255 Advances in Technology Innovation, vol. 6, no. 4, 2021, pp. Keywords: deformation; degree; forming; parameters; pressure; process; temperature; thickness; thinning; time; vol
• An Integrated Approach towards Efficient Image Classification Using Deep CNN with Transfer Learning and PCA by Sharma, Rahul; Singh, Amar (2022) - Eight different hand gestures were recorded in a controlled laboratory environment and image features were classified by employing a deep CNN. PCA is employed for reducing a large number of image features into the reduced one-dimensional feature set representation (i.e., PCs) as shown in Fig. Keywords: accuracy; approach; classification; dataset; disease; extraction; feature; image; learning; model; pca; time; transfer; vgg16; vol

• Calculation of Temperature-Dependent Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Metal Crystals Based on Anharmonic Correlated Debye Model by Tong Sy Tien; Nguyen Thi Minh Thuy; Vu Thi Kim Lien; Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh; Do Ngọc Bich; Le Quang Thanh (2023) - The TE coefficient can be determined [11-12] by: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )1 0 0 0 T dr T d T T T r dT r dT σ α ∆ = = ∆ ℓ ≃ ℓ (1) where � is the absolute temperature, ���� is the instantaneous distance between the backscattering and absorbing atoms, �� is the equilibrium distance between the backscattering and absorbing atoms, and �� ���� is the first EXAFS cumulant and can be expressed in terms of the power moments of the radial pair distribution (RD) function Herein, the local force constants � �� and �� , the correlated Einstein frequency �� , and the temperature-dependent first EXAFS cumulant �� ���� and TE coefficient ����� are the quantities to be performed in numerical calculations. Keywords: acd; anharmonic; coefficient; crystals; model; results; temperature; vol; � �
• Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics and Electrical Conductivities in NaCl, KCl, and NaNO3 Solutions by Nigar Kantarci-Carsibasi; Jana Masalmah; Ozlem Simsek (2025) - This approach is also adopted in heat transfer studies. Heat exchangers can be classified based on several factors: the contact area between hot and cold fluids, the direction of fluid flow, the mechanism of heat transfer, and their mechanical structure. Keywords: concentration; conductivity; heat; heat transfer; kcl; nacl; nano3; salt; solutions; systems; temperature; transfer; values; vol; water
• Optimizing Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining of Inconel-800 Using Kriging Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II by Ngoc-Chien Vu; Huu-That Nguyen; Xuan- Phuong Dang (2025) - Four fundamental nanoparticle mechanisms: Rolling, tribo-film, polishing, and self-repairing The analysis of Fig. 8(b)-(d) highlights the predominant effect of fz on surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rq). Advanced machining solutions such as coated tools (physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD)), optimized cutting parameters, and innovative cooling systems (e.g., cryogenic and high- pressure cooling) have been explored [21-22]. Keywords: cutting; fig; kriging; lubrication; machining; mql; nanofluid; optimization; parameters; roughness; surface; temperature; vol
• The Research of Infrared Thermal Image Diagnostic Model for Building External Wall Tiles by Chiang, Li-Wei; Guo, Sy-Jye (2017) - Keywords: external wall tiles, infrared thermal image inspection, tap tone inspec- tion, temperature difference, in- spection period 1. Infrared Thermal Image Method This study uses the infrared thermal imaging to detect building external wall tiles. Keywords: deterioration; study; temperature; tiles; tone; wall
• Outdoor Thermal Comfort Improvement of Campus Public Space by Rinchumphu, Damrongsak; Phichetkunbodee, Non; Pomsurin, Nakarin; Sundaranaga, Chawanat; Tepweerakun, Sarote; Chatchawan Chaichana (2021) - 3 Models showing approach for outdoor area design by ENVI-met version 4.4 program 4. 2 2D model of study area presented in ENVI-met version 4.4 Advances in Technology Innovation, vol. 6, no. 2, 2021, pp. Keywords: alternative; area; chiang; comfort; mai; pet; study; temperature; trees; vol
• Prediction Primary Available Blend Biodiesel of Waste Oil from Aurantiochytrium sp. for General Diesel Engines by Tsai, Shu-Yao; Lin, Hsiang-Yu; Lu, Guan-Yi; Lin, Chun-Ping (2017) - Overall, we acquired the best condition of mixtures and the highly mixed rate of petrodiesel: biodiesel = 80 : 20 (activation energy of winterization 21.32 kJ/mol; onset temperature of winterization -4.15 °C; heat of combustion 43.15 MJ/kg; kinematic viscosity 3.51 mm 2 /s; flash point 67.5 °C), which was an appropriate blend biodiesel from the waste oil’s biodiesel of Aurantiochytrium sp. Keywords: waste oil, Aurantiochytrium sp., biodiesel, winterization, blend biodiesel 1. Here, the heat of combustion, kinematic viscosity, and storage safety of blend biodiesel were tested by DSC Keywords: aurantiochytrium; b100; biodiesel; blend; fatty; oil; temperature; vol; waste
• Piglets Comfort with Hot Water by Biogas Combustion under Controllable Ventilation by Lien, Cheng-Chang; Ting, Ching-Hua (2018) - Conclusions The stoking density of piglets in the enclosed pigsty is 1.77 pig/m 2 , under the setting of 28°C for both defaulted air temperature and forced ventilation temperature in the pigsty, collocate with different air change rate of regular ventilation, i.e. 1.7 A CH, 3.4 ACH and 5.1 ACH to perform the experiment. 3. Typical d iagram of RF, RR, RFD and RRD versus outside temperature of pigsty (T0) for 4 consecutive days under 28°C for forced ventilation temperature and 3.4 ACH for Regular Ventilation Under the condition of 28°C for the forced ventilation temperature and 3.4 ACH for the air change rate of regular ventilation, the typical diagram of time variation of the right front (RF), right rear (RR), left front (LF) and left rear (LR) temperature in the pigsty for 4 consecutive days is shown as Fig. Keywords: ach; air; biogas; change; pigsty; rate; temperature; ventilation
• Energy-effective Predictive Temperature Control for Soy Mash Fermentation Based on Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Modelling by Ferng, Sophia; Ting, Ching-Hua; Wu, Chien-Ping; Lu, Yung-Tsong; Hsu, Cheng-Kuang; Chiou, Robin Yih-Yuan (2018) - Heat energy is supplied from Compartment 3 to Compartment 1 via water circulation. Thus, it may be more profitable by operating the heat pump away from noontime as a compromise among electricity price, heat pump efficiency, and energy loss. Keywords: compartment; energy; heat; mash; pump; temperature; water
• Online MEMS-Based Specific Gravity Measurement for Lead-Acid Batteries by Yashwant Gulab Adhav; Dayaram Nimba Sonawane; Chetankumar Yashawant Patil (2023) - The SG of the environmental factor ����� can be expressed by [22]: ( )20 0.0007 20 temp C x x temp°= + × −   (5) where ���°� represents the SG of the solution at 20°C. It is clear that the ∆��� as �� − �� = 0 V for discharged battery and �� − �� = 0.306 V for a fully charged battery. Keywords: acid; battery; fig; hydrometer; lead; pressure; sensor; soc; temperature; vol; � �

• Reliability Study of GaN-on-SiC HEMT RF Power Amplifiers by Bakowski, M.; Lang, J.; Lim, J-K.; Hellén, J.; Nilsson, T.M.J.; Schodt, B.; Poder, R.; Belov, I.; Leisner, P. (2018) - Abstract The RF power amplifier demonstrators containing each one GaN-on-SiC, HEMT, CHZ015A-QEG, from UMS in SMD quad-flat no-leads package (QFN) were subjected to thermal cycles (TC) and power cycles (PC) and evaluated electrically, thermally and structurally. The typical forward blocking characteristics of the devices after varying numbers of power cycles are shown in Fig. Keywords: boards; current; cycles; devices; fig; power; voltage
• Numerical Study of the Operation of Motorcycles Covering the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule by Boretti, Albert (2017) - Copyright © TAETI Copyright © TAETI Table 2 Model parameters Rated Engine Speed 6,500 RPM Upshift 4,000 RPM Downshift 2,000 RPM Ratio of 1 st Gear 9.312 Ratio of Gear 2 6.421 Ratio of Gear 3 4.774 Ratio of Gear 4 3.926 Ratio of Gear 5 3.279 Ratio of Gear 6 2.79 Motorcycle Weight 377 kg Engine Power at Rated Speed 55 kW Tire Rolling Radius 457.2 mm Tire Rolling Resistance Factor 0.0122 Engine Displacement 1,304 cm 3 Engine Inertia 0.05 kg-m 2 Frontal Area 0.2 m 2 Coefficient of Drag 0.6 Wheelbase 2 m Initial Engine Speed 1,500 RPM Initial Gear Number 1 Table 2 presents the relevant model parameters, id le speed, rated engine speed and engine power at rated speed, upshift and downshift speed, that may differ at every gear, ratios of 1 st to 6 th gear (if a 6 gear transmission is consid- ered as it is in this case), motorcycle weight, tire ro lling radius, tire ro lling resistance factor, engine displacement, engine inertia, frontal area, coefficient of drag, wheelbase, initial engine speed and gear number. 4, 5 and 6 present reference data of BMEP, torque and power vs. engine speed and throttle opening % for the typical large cruiser considered here, having a low displacement specific power and torque, low maximum speed. Keywords: copyright; driving; emissions; engine; fuel; map; motorcycles; power; rpm; speed; taeti; torque
• Changes of E-KERS Rules to Make F1 More Relevant to Road Cars by Boretti, Albert (2017) - In addition to the fuel flow limiter placed along the fuel line, the 2014 and 2015 season have seen the introduction of a total fuel per race capped at 100 kg, or 4,450 MJ of fuel energy per race, that is certainly a driver for much better fuel economies, but not certainly that strong. In case of one lap of the Monaco Grand Prix, 3.337 km long, a F1 of curb weight 702 kg less the driver weight may use 1.28 kg or 57 MJ of fuel energy, i.e . 17 MJ/km. Keywords: car; copyright; energy; fuel; lap; mgu; power; race
• Photovoltaic Power Control Using Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Logic Type 2 MPPT Algorithms and Buck Converter by Meryem, Bachar; Ahmed, Naddami; Ahmed, Fahli (2019) - [13] U. Yilmaz, A. Kircay, and S. Borekci, “PV system fuzzy logic MPPT method and PI control as a charge controller,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 81, pp. The PV Voltage with InC, FL, and FLT2 MPPT algorithms Fig. Keywords: algorithms; converter; fig; flt2; inc; irradiation; logic; mppt; power; vol; voltage

• An Image-Based Rice Weighing Estimation Approach on Clock Type Weighing Scale Using Deep Learning and Geometric Transformations by An Cong Tran; Thanh Trinh Thi Kim; Hai Thanh Nguyen (2023) - Keywords: scale detection, scale value recognition, rice weighing, geometric transformations, deep learning 1. The proposed method achieves good results in terms of mAP@0.5 at 0.995, mAP@[0.5:0.95] at 0.830 for scale detection, and MAE at 3.7 for weight calculation. Keywords: center; detection; fig; image; learning; needle; rice; scale; value; vol; weight
• An Improved MobileNet for Disease Detection on Tomato Leaves by Hai Thanh Nguyen; Huong Hoang Luong; Long Bao Huynh; Bao Quoc Hoang Le; Nhan Hieu Doan; Duc Thien Dao Le (2023) - The goal is to maximize model accuracy and quickly set up “data augmentation” factors to help in disease categorization and detection on tomato leaves. [19] PlantVillage dataset Fine-tuned MobileNet based with OMNCNN improved 98.7% Kaya and Gursoy [20] PlantVillage dataset Fine-tuned DenseNet 98.17% Proposed model PlantVillage dataset Fine-tuned MobileNet 97.17% 5. Keywords: accuracy; classification; cnn; disease; fig; leaf; learning; leaves; mobilenet; model; results; set; tomato; training; vol
• Multiclass Plant Leaf Disease Prediction Using Fuzzy Multimodal Feature Extraction by Vijay Choudhary; Archana Thakur (2025) - Fuzzy HSV feature extraction The fuzzy HSV method for leaf image feature extraction incorporates fuzzy logic principles into the HSV color space to extract features from leaf images [21]. (4) Further research should focus on how to effectively integrate multimodal features to improve the accuracy and reliability of disease prediction models. Keywords: accuracy; bcdpbm; disease; extraction; feature; image; leaf; learning; model; msvm; plant; prediction; vol
• Machine Vision and Deep Learning Based Rubber Gasket Defect Detection by Ho, Chao-Ching; Su, Eugene; Li, Po-Chieh; Bolger, Matthew J.; Pan, Huan-Ning (2020) - [12] Y. J. Cha, W. Choi, and O. Büyüköztürk, “Autonomous structural visual inspection using region‐ based deep learning for detecting multiple damage types,” Computer‐ Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. All the examples mentioned above feature dim and low reflective surface materials which make the proper illumination for defect detection difficult. Keywords: defects; detection; fig; image; learning; rubber; vol
• Tea Verification Using Triplet Loss Convolutional Network by Chen, Kun-Yi; Chang, Chi-Yu ; Tsai, Zhi-Ren ; Lee, Chun-Ting ; Shae, Zon-Yin (2021) - 5 Tea sub-images that belong to the same image Fig. 6 t-SNE plot of two tea classes using the five most significant color information The first observation using model visualization algorithms shows that the feature property between tea image and traditional image are different, i.e., distributed objects’ feature property (tea images) versus non-distributed objects’ feature property (traditional images). In the experiment, instead of using traditional deep learning training approach for local feature of tea images, an innovative image verification approach is proposed to learn the global feature of tea images by integrating the distributed tea leaves’ features of all tea sub-images and using a majority voting mechanism to do classification. Keywords: approach; category; class; fig; images; learning; model; oolong; sub; tea; � �
• Learning Representations for Face Recognition: A Review from Holistic to Deep Learning by Barreto, Fabian; Sarvaiya, Jignesh; Patnaik, Suprava (2022) - [71] A. Sapkota, et al., “Large Scale Unconstrained Open Set Face Database,” IEEE 6th International Conference on Biometrics: References [1] G. Guo, et al., “A Survey on Deep Learning Based Face Recognition,” Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 189, Article no. 102805, December 2019. Keywords: accuracy; advances; computer; conference; et al; face; features; fig; gabor; ieee; images; learning; model; pattern; recognition; representation; vision; vol
• Skin Lesion Classification towards Melanoma Detection Using EfficientNetB3 by Saumya Salian; Sudhir Sawarkar (2023) - 58.00 58.00 Model 2 57.00 56.67 53.00 56.00 Model 3 86.00 85.75 85.00 86.00 Model 4 (Proposed model) 88.00 88.13 88.00 88.00 Table 3 provides the result analyses of the above models on the ISIC dataset. Pre-trained models, namely ResNet-50, AlexNet, and GoogleNet were adopted to extract features from the MED-NODE dataset, which achieved an accuracy of 0.90. Keywords: accuracy; augmentation; classification; dataset; fig; images; isic; learning; lesion; melanoma; model; network; skin

• Virtual Modeling of an Industrial Robotic Arm for Energy Consumption Estimation by Jin-Siang Shaw; Yi-Hua Huang (2023) - Industrial robotic arm model preprocessing Before exporting the model to the Unity game engine, the industrial robotic arm model must undergo preprocessing. Abstract This study aims to improve the traditional control methods of industrial robotic arms for path planning in line with efforts to conserve energy and reduce carbon emissions. Keywords: arm; case; consumption; energy; fig; model; path; robot; twin; vol
• Synthesis and Characterization of Phase Change Microcapsules Containing Nano-Graphite by Yeng-Fong Shih; Hong-Hao Chen (2024) - In addition, the ΔHm and ΔHc of octadecane were 165.8 J/g and 160.4 J/g, MEPCM microcapsules were 109.5 J/g and 81.19 J/g, and GMEPCM microcapsules were 150.3 J/g and 139.0 J/g, respectively. 6 DSC thermograms of octadecane and microcapsules Table 2 DSC analysis data of octadecane and microcapsules - Tm (°C) Tc (°C) ΔHm (J/g) ΔHc (J/g) Encapsulation efficiency* (%) Octadecane 25.84 21.40 165.8 160.4 - MEPCM 26.33 6.70 109.5 81.19 66.04% GMEPCM 28.49 17.63 150.3 139.0 90.65% *��������� �� �� � ����%� � �∆���� ��������� �/∆����� �� ��� �� � 100% The encapsulation efficiency (i.e., content of octadecane) of MEPCM and GMEPCM microcapsules calculated by comparing the latent heat of bulk octadecane and encapsulated octadecane is capable of elevating to 66.04 and 90.65%. Keywords: change; energy; fig; gmepcm; material; microcapsules; phase; storage; vol; � �
• Application of Rotating Arms Type Permanent Magnet Motor by Hong, Chih-Chiang; Tsai, Deng-Maw (2019) - Keywords: rotating arms type, permanent magnet motor, stator, rotor 1. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible rotational motion of permanent magnet motor. Keywords: energy; frame; magnet; motor; ring; rotation; shaft; stator; type
• Harvesting Atmospheric Ions Using Surface Electromagnetic Wave Technologies by Liu, Louis Wai Yip (2017) - The ions from the proposed negative ion source contribute to a potential differ- ence which can be further increased by connecting the pro- posed negative ion source in series. There have been published reports on the link between lack of negative ions in the body and ailments, including headaches, and/or fatigue Keywords: aluminum; atmospheric; cosmic; dielectric; energy; ions; layer; source; surface; voltage; water

• Swarm Intelligence Algorithm Based on Plant Root System in 1D Biomedical Signal Feature Engineering to Improve Classification Accuracy by Rui Gong; Kazunori Hase (2023) - The expected information required to classify the tuple from �� based on feature ��� is ( ) ( ) 2 1 Info Info β = = ×ɺ ɺ ɺ ɺ ɺ i n i nn i s s B B B B (3) ( ) ( ) ( )Gain Info Info β β = − ɺ ɺ ɺ ɺ n n B B (4) Info��� �, also known as the entropy of ���×�〈 〉, can be defined as ( ) ( ) ( )1 2 1 2 2 2 Info log logB p p p p= Keywords: accuracy; algorithm; base; classification; classifier; features; matrix; prs; root; set; signals; vol; � �
• A Novel Hybrid Approach for Feature Selection in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment by Ankush Hutke; Jyoti Deshmukh (2024) - [18] utilized the Cleveland dataset to explore feature selection methods. [21] focuses on feature selection methods applied to the dataset by Z-Alizadeh Sani using genetic algorithm (GA) and PSO. Keywords: accuracy; aco; dataset; disease; feature; feature selection; heart; method; optimization; performance; selection; subset; vol
• Enhanced Electrocardiogram Arrhythmia Diagnosis with Deep Learning and Selective Attention Mechanism by Hasanain Shakir Mansour; Morteza Valizadeh; Alaa Hussein Abdulaal; Mehdi Chehl Amirani (2025) - This can be realized in ECG signal classification by applying a hand-crafted layer in a model's architecture: SelectiveAttentionLayer (6). Utilizing a DCNN with a SAM for arrhythmia diagnosis has shown promising results in ECG signal classification. Keywords: accuracy; arrhythmia; attention; classification; ecg; features; fig; model; network; precision; sam; signal; vgg19; vol
• Comparative Analysis of Facial Expression Recognition Using Image-Based and Landmark-Based Methods by Thanawat Srikaewsiew; Sarunya Kanjanawattana (2025) - This finding underscores the importance of landmark features in enhancing the SVM’s ability to identify complex patterns in facial expression data, corroborating the conclusions of both Sharma et al. (3) Traditional machine learning models (SVM, RFC, GBC) showed strong performance with landmark features, achieving accuracies between 85.5% and 89.5%, making them good alternatives when computing resources are limited. Keywords: accuracy; classification; cnn; features; fer; image; landmark; methods; models; performance; study; svm; vol

• Evaluation of Infill Effect on Mechanical Properties of Consumer 3D Printing Materials by A. Johnson, Gabriel; J. French, Jesse (2018) - Table 1 Approximate material properties of printed materials, taken from various sources Material Density Commercial grade 3D printers and the associated filaments sold for their use typically have well documented material properties and print parameters. Keywords: abs; fig; infill; materials; mpa; strength; tensile
• An Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Aluminum and Rich-Iron-Calcium Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete by Widjajakusuma, Jack; Bali, Ika; Ng, Gino Pranata; Wibowo, Kevin Aprilio (2022) - The average compressive strength of geopolymer concrete reaches 38.2 MPa, which is 13% lower than normal concrete. The split tensile and compressive strengths of geopolymer concrete are 9.27% and 8.54%, while the split tensile and compressive strengths of normal concrete are 10.87% and 13.77%, respectively (Table 3). Keywords: ash; concrete; fig; fly; geopolymer; strength; vol
• Assessing the Performance of Melted Plastic as a Replacement for Sand in Paving Block by Noor A’fiana Desyani; Arief Sabdo Yuwono; Heriansyah Putra (2023) - [15] researched paving blocks with melted plastic as an alternative binder. The potential of melted plastic as a sand substitute in paving blocks was investigated in this study. Keywords: absorption; blocks; compressive; concrete; mixture; paving; plastic; quality; sand; strength; vol; waste; water
• Utilizing Ultra-High Performance Concrete Overlay for Road Pavement Repair and Strengthening Applications by Lay Boon Tan; Milad Hafezolghorani; Azman Mohamed; Khaled Ghaedi; Yen Lei Voo (2023) - As mentioned in French standard [25], the design tensile characteristic values of ����,�� = 8 MPa, ����,�� = 7 MPa, ����� = 9 MPa, and ����� = 8 MPa is recommended. Furthermore, the mean tensile values measured are ����,�� = 8.7 MPa, and ����� = 12.4 MPa which are higher than the recommended values by the French standard. Keywords: concrete; fig; hma; mix; overlay; pavement; performance; shrinkage; strength; thixotropic; uhpc; uhpc overlay; vol; � �
• Influence of Surface Roughness on Durability of New-Old Concrete Interface by Nurdeen Mohamed Altwair; Younis Omran Yacoub; Abdualhamid Mohamed Alsharif; Lamen Saleh Sryh (2024) - This study focuses on preparing concrete surfaces before applying overlay concrete. Interestingly, the researchers reported an anomalous result at 200 ℃, where an increase in bond strength was observed. Keywords: bond; concrete; permeability; roughness; specimens; strength; surface; tensile; test; vol; water
• Enhancement of Properties of Fly Ash Geopolymer Paste with Low NaOH Concentrations Using a Pressing Approach by Khamphee Jitchaiyaphum; Cherdsak Suksiripattanapong (2025) - FA geopolymer paste provided high compressive strength due to its low porosity, achieved through casting under high pressure. Furthermore, an equation was proposed to predict the compressive strength of FA geopolymer paste based on the known total porosity. Keywords: ash; fa geopolymer; fly; geopolymer; geopolymer paste; mpa; naoh; paste; strength; vol; water; weight
• Finite Element Analysis of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Cubic Scaffolds for Mandibular Bone Implant Applications by Yasya Khalif Perdana Saleh; Rifky Ismail; Jamari Jamari; I Nyoman Jujur; Suryadi Suryadi; Rochmad Winarso; Tepi Anggara (2025) - [26], pore sizes of 800 µm and 850 µm can be considered an optimal solution for determining scaffold pore size in mandibular bone implants, as they offer a balance between mechanical stability and potential for osteointegration. Additionally, scaffold pore size significantly affects implant mechanical strength. Keywords: bone; element; fig; force; material; scaffold; size; strength; stress; vol
• Eco-Pave: Paving Blocks Originating from Construction Waste by Arief Sabdo Yuwono; Sayyidah Qothrun Nafisah; Yulia Sukma Supriatna; Kevin Audryc Herditya (2025) - Although previous research has explored the use of recycled aggregates in concrete and paving blocks [9-11], there are still limitations in the research on how variations in recycled aggregate size affect the quality of paving blocks, including compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and water absorption. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the mechanical performance of paving blocks that involve two variations of recycled aggregate sizes and assess their environmental impact based on waste reduction and the LCA approach. Keywords: aggregate; blocks; ca1; ca2; compressive; concrete; construction; paving; strength; vol; waste; water
• Strength Prediction of Rectangular FRP-Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Eccentric Loading by Nam Nguyen Van; Hiep Dang Vu; Duy Nguyen Phan (2025) - It incorporates the specific stress-strain relationships of both concrete and FRP reinforcement and also considers the contribution of compressive FRP rebars to the overall sectional capacity. Analysis results also show that compressive FRP reinforcement contributed between 0.94% and 22.3% to the column strength. Keywords: columns; compressive; concrete; failure; frp; gfrp; load; rc columns; reinforcement; strain; strength; vol
• Material Development and Properties of Medium-Density Board from Low and High-Density Polyethylene by Angeline Baldapan Elegio (2025) - This value indicates a relatively lower stiffness than the flexural modulus, consistent with the structural behavior of composite board materials under different loading conditions. The methodology comprised three stages: (1) preparation of plastic sheets from collected waste, (2) fabrication of standardized test specimens, and (3) evaluation of their mechanical and physical properties. Keywords: board; density; hdpe; heat; material; mpa; plastic; properties; strength; tensile; vol; waste
• Impact of Flax Fiber Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties of Solid and Foamed Geopolymer Concrete by Korniejenko, Kinga; Michał Łach; Maria Hebdowska-Krupa; Janusz Mikuła (2021) - The previous study does not include semi-industrial tests for the foamed geopolymers reinforced flax fibers [40-41]. Firstly, the prototype elements, such as bricks and elevation elements were performed from eco-friendly composite -flax fiber reinforced geopolymer. Keywords: composites; fiber; flax; flax fiber; geopolymer; materials; metakaolin; properties; strength; vol
• Behavior of Built-Up Cold-Formed Steel Stub Columns Infilled with Washed Bottom Ash Concrete by Mohd Sani, Mohd Syahrul Hisyam; Muftah, Fadhluhartini; Mohsan, Nor Maslina; Kado, Bishir (2022) - CFS channel section is clean and clear before starting by checking the material properties of the section using a coupon tensile test specimen. There are four parts of the testing conducted: material properties of CFS, material properties of WBA concrete, mechanical properties of the connection, and mechanical behavior of built-up CFS stub columns. Keywords: cfs; column; concrete; fig; load; material; section; specimen; steel; strength; vol; wba

• Design and Analysis of a Water Channel for Characterization of Low Reynolds Number Flows by Rutledge, Judah; French, Jesse J. (2018) - Therefore, the pump head, 𝐻(𝑄), had to be incorporated into the iterative solution for channel flow. 4 Hydrostatic pressure on water channel panel In most of the channel design, the limit ing factor was not structural integrity, but was instead deflection. Keywords: calculations; channel; fig; flow; head; pipe; pump; rate; stress; water
• A Study of Acoustic Parameters of Transformer Oil Based on Its Water Content Utilizing a Single Ultrasonic Sensor by Firnanda Pristiana Nurmaida; Agus Indra Gunawan; Raden Sanggar Dewanto (2024) - Table 5 ToF, speed, impedance, and density of transformer oil samples Measurement Samples 8 ppm 23 ppm 33 ppm Pure water ToF (ns) 14022.25 Table 6 ToF, speed, impedance, and density of transformer oil samples using 3 mm of acrylic Measurement Samples 8 ppm 23 ppm 33 ppm Pure water ToF (ns) 14022.25 13863.94 13798.64 13275.5 Speed (m/s) 1426.3 1442.59 1449.42 1497 Z (MRayl) 1.299 1.34 1.348 1.494 r (kg/dm3) 0.910 0.929 0.930 0.998 Table 7 ToF, speed, impedance, and density of transformer oil samples using 8 mm of acrylic Measurement Samples 8 ppm 23 ppm 33 ppm Pure water ToF (ns) 14022.25 13863.94 13798.64 13275.5 Speed (m/s) 1426.3 1442.59 1449.42 1497 Z (MRayl) 1.291 1.336 1.346 1.494 r (kg/dm3) 0.905 0.926 0.928 0.998 3.4. Keywords: density; impedance; measurement; oil; ppm; speed; table; transformer; vol; water
• A Biogas Desulphurization System with Water Scrubbing by Lien, Cheng-Chang; Lin, Wei-Cheng (2019) - From the test results, it showed that the removal efficiency of H2S was 47.7% in 30 minutes of water scrubbing time under 120 ℓ of total water amount, 80 cm of water level in the water scrubbing cylinder, 20 ℓ/min of internal circulation water flow rate and 10 ℓ/min of external circulation water flow rate, and 25 ℓ/min of biogas flow rate. Under 25 ℓ/min of biogas flow rate, the removal H2S 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Biogas flow rate : 25 ℓ/min Biogas flow rate : 50 ℓ/min Biogas flow rate : 75 ℓ/min Water scrubbing time (min) R em o v al H 2 S e ff ic ie n cy ( % ) 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Outside Cycle 0 ℓ/min of water flow Water scrubbing time (min) R em o v al H 2 S e ff ic ie n cy ( % ) Advances in Technology Innovation, vol. 4, no. 4, 2019, pp. 269-275 273 efficiency versus water scrubbing time for 0 and 10 ℓ/min of external circulation water flow rate is shown in Fig. Keywords: biogas; flow; flow rate; rate; water; water scrubbing; ℓ/min

• A Study on Aluminum Pad Large Deformation during Copper Wirebonding for High Power IC Package by Hsu, Hsiang-Chen; Wang, Shaw-Yuan; Chu, Li-Ming (2018) - Another issue is more bonding power and higher working temperature required in Cu wire bonding process. However, elastic modulus (E) and Poisson’s ratio (υ) at leveled working temperature for FAB and HAZ on gold wire as well as Cu wire are still scarcely known. Keywords: bond; fig; low; pad; process; stress; wire; wirebonding
• Optimization of Weld Parameters in Wire and Arc-Based Directed Energy Deposition of High Strength Low Alloy Steels by Van Thao Le; Dinh Si Mai; Van Thuc Dang; Duc Manh Dinh; Thi Hong Cao; Van Anh Nguyen (2023) - j m m m m m − = − (2) where �� �� is the normalized value of the �� alternative for ��� attribute, �� ���� and �� ����� are the best and worst values of ��� attribute. ���� is calculated by Eq. Keywords: arc; manufacturing; process; variables; vol; waded; wire; � �
• Investigation of Effects of Process Variables on Weld Bead Characteristics in Surface Coating of 309L Stainless Steel by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing by Van Thuc Dang; Van Thao Le; Trung Thanh Nguyen; Van Luu Dao (2025) - Therefore, the objectives of this study are twofold: (1) Exploring the effects of WAAM parameters for coating SS309L on carbon steel plates (2) Identifying the proper parameters to ensure the deposition of a weld bead with maximal Wwb, maximal Hwb, and minimal Dwb To achieve these goals, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to identify the significance of individual process parameters and their interactions with the quality of the coating. This study focuses on investigating the effects of process parameters on weld bead characteristics in coating SS309L on carbon steel substrates by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and identifying the optimal parameters. Keywords: dwb; hwb; parameters; process; steel; vol; weld; wwb; × ×
• Predictive Adaptive Control of an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Process by Nascu, Ioana; Nascu, Ioan; Vlad, Grigore (2016) - The use of the basic identification scheme may lead to unstable adaptive process control. [6] M. Henze, W. Gujer, T. Mino, and M. Van Loosdrecht, “Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3,” IWA Publishing, London, 2000. Keywords: adaptive; control; model; performances; process; treatment
• EWMA Controller with Concurrent Adjustment for a High-Mixed Production Process by Lee, Shui-Pin (2017) - [2] E. Sachs, A. Hu, and E. Ingolfsson, “Run by run process control: combining SPC and feedback control,” IEEE Transactions Sem- iconductor Manufacturing, vol. 8, pp. In this study, a modified threaded EWMA feedback controller, the EWMA with concurrent adjustment, is proposed to deal with the issue of multiple products in a tool. Keywords: ewma; process; products
• An Intelligent Optimization System of Micro Electroforming Process for the Mesh Filter by Chen, Wen-Chin; Lin, Pao-Wen ; Lin, Shi-Bo ; Lin, Kuan-Ming ; Chang, Yun-Ru (2019) - the process parameter (control factor), yod is the output value of diameter quality predictor after de-normalization, and yot is the output value of thickness deviation quality predictor after de-normalization, and 555 is the target value of diameter quality characteristic, and 0.01 is the target value of thickness deviation quality characteristic as smaller as possible. The factor response chart shows that a set of Taguchi optimal process parameter combination can be obtained to meet the multiple quality characteristics. Keywords: deviation; diameter; electroforming; parameters; predictor; process; quality; ratio; taguchi; thickness; value
• Improving Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Process Efficiency Using Predictive Control by Nascu, Ioana; Nascu, Ioan (2018) - (17) we obtain: 1 1 1 1( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )j j jy t j E q B q u t j k F q y t E q e t j          (18) The optimal predictor, given measured data up to time t (including t) is written as: 1 1 1( | ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 59 - 69 Copyright © TAETI 62 , , ( ) 1 1 = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )[(1 ) ( ) ( )] 2.86 NO Ha B H A B A NO NOin H A dS t YH m t X t m t X t D t r S t S t dt Y Y       (4) ( ) 1 [ ( ) ( )] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )[(1 ) ( ) ( )]NH XB H Ha BH XB A BA NH NHin A dS t = -i m t +m t X t - i + m t X t - D t +r S t +S t dt Y (5) 1( ) ( ) ( ) (1 ) ( ) ( ) ( )[(1 ) ( ) ( )] [ ( )]H in maxH B,H A B,A H A YdDO t 4.57 = m t X t m t X t D t +r DO t +DO t ++aW DO DO t Keywords: control; gpc; process; sludge; treatment;  

• A CNN Based Approach for Garments Texture Design Classification by Islam, S.M. Sofiqul; Dey, Emon Kumar; Tawhid, Md. Nurul Ahad; Hossain, B. M. Mainul (2017) - Proposed model is then applied alongside with two well-known deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models AlexNet and VGG_S in two different garment datasets for the purpose of training and testing. The training and testing results of AlexNet, VGG_S and proposed model are provided in Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5. Keywords: alexnet; classification; clothing; dataset; design; fashion; garments; images; layer; model; recognition; table; training
• The Design of Mold Clamping Mechanisms with Two Dead-Position Configurations by Chen, Tzu-Hsia; Hsieh, Long-Chang (2020) - Good kinematic characteristics of mold clamping mechanism is the goal pursued by manufacturers of blow-molding machine. Good kinematic characteristics of mold clamping mechanism is the goal pursued by manufacturers. Keywords: clamping; design; fig; mechanism; mold; position
• The Innovative Design of the Massage Mechanisms for Massage Chair by Chen, Tzu-Hsia; Hsieh, Long-Chang (2019) - [8] H. S. Yan, “A methodology for creative mechanism design,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 235- 242, May. 1992. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to synthesize all the feasible designs of massage mechanisms (including DOF=2 and 3) for the massage chair, based on the modified Yan’s creative design methodology. Keywords: design; fig; kneading; massage; mechanism
• Optimization of Centrifugal Pump Based on Impeller-Volute Interactions by Shah, Maitrik; Baloni, Beena; Channiwala, Salim (2022) - 4 Pressure distribution in the base and optimized pump impellers P1 P2 P3 Q3 Q2 Q1 R1 R2 R3 S1 S2 S3 P1’ P2’ P3’ Q3’ Q2’ Q1’ R1’ R2’ R3’ S1’ S2’ S3’ 222 Advances in Technology Innovation, vol. 7, no. 3, 2022, pp. Tests are performed with the base and optimized centrifugal pump, as shown in Fig. Keywords: base; blade; centrifugal; design; efficiency; flow; impeller; optimization; outlet; parameters; performance; pressure; pump; volute
• Circularly Polarized Antennas Using Characteristic Mode Analysis: A Review by Kollipara, Vamshi ; Peddakrishna, Samineni (2022) - Studies have also indicated how to optimize CP antenna designs for two linear modes using MTS. They demonstrated a specific set of characteristic modes (CMs) for an arbitrary perfect electric conductor (PEC) obstacle that is independent of any specific source. Keywords: antenna; cma; current; design; feed; fig; ieee; modes; patch; phase; polarization; radiation; slot; vol

• Improved SVM Classifier Incorporating Adaptive Condensed Instances Based on Hybrid Continuous-Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization by Lu, Chun-Liang; Lin, Tsun-Chen (2016) - Furthermore, we propose the ACI scheme based on the hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm to simultaneously optimize the condensed instances and SVM kernel parameters for the classification accuracy enhancement. Experiment results show that the proposed framework can achieve better performance than other published methods in literature and provide a simple but subtle strategy to effectively improve the classification accuracy for SVM classifier. Keywords: aci; classification; instances; particle; pso; step; svm
• Spatial and Spectral Nonparametric Linear Feature Extraction Method for Hyperspectral Image Classification by Yang, Jinn-Min; Wei, Shih-Hsuan (2016) - Unlike lots of feature extraction methods are based only on the spectral (band) information of the training sam- ples, some feature extraction methods integrating both spatial and spectral information of training samples show more effective results in recent years. Feature extraction aims to reduce the d imens ionality of the high-d imens ional dataset to enhance the clas- sification accuracy and foster the classification speed, particularly when the training sample size is small, namely the small sample size (SSS) problem. Keywords: classification; extraction; feature; matrix; spectral; ssnlda; training

• Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of RC Deep Beam Using CDP Model by Rai, Pramod (2021) - This research aims to investigate a numerical modeling technique applicable to study the nonlinear behavior of RC deep beams by using FEA based on the software, ABAQUS. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate a complete 3-dimensional FE modeling technique, including a reliable constitutive model and damage parameters of concrete, and to simulate the nonlinear behavior of RC deep beams by using the CDP model available in ABAQUS. Keywords: beam; concrete; damage; failure; fig; model; specimen; strain; vol
• Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Cracking Moment of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Steel Rebars by Dang Vu, Hiep; Phan, Duy Nguyen (2021) - To overcome this drawback of FRP RC beams, many researchers proposed combining traditional steel bars to FRP bars in the tension zone of the concrete beam. [3] C. Barris, L. Torres, J. Comas, and C. Miàs, “Cracking and Deflections in GFRP RC Beams: An Experimental Study,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 55, pp. Keywords: beams; concrete; cracking; frp; gfrp; hybrid; moment; reinforcement; steel; steel reinforcement
• Innovative Steel Pennon Plate-Headed Stud of Shear Connectors for Composite Structures by Rahul Tarachand Pardeshi; Prakash Abhiram Singh; Yogesh Deoram Patil (2023) - [17] showed the significance of the location of plastic hinges in headed stud shear connections and slip considerations that relate to the progressive crushing of concrete in steel beam-profile sheeting concrete slab ribs through numerical simulations. By using an FE technique, Mia and Bhowmick [18] created a system using a pushout specimen-based fatigue life estimation system for headed shear stud connections. Keywords: concrete; connection; height; plate; pph; resistance; shear; slip; steel; stud; ultimate; vol

• Analyzing Boeing’s Supply Chain, Quality Control, and Certification Issues: Lessons from the 787 Dreamliner and 737 MAX by Harsha Walvekar; Mahmoud Al Ahmad; Qurban Memon; Michael Pecht (2025) - Key motivators include: (1) Safety and quality concerns: Incidents involving manufacturing defects, substandard materials, and regulatory failures have raised significant questions about Boeing aircraft safety and integrity. The methodology in this study, as shown in Fig. 3, depicts how Boeing aircraft safety and product quality are affected. Keywords: aerospace; aircraft; boeing; certification; chain; company; control; dreamliner; faa; innovation; issues; management; manufacturing; max; oversight; production; quality; risk; safety; sharing; study; suppliers; supply; supply chain; vol
• Synthesis of Formation Control Systems for Multi-Agent Systems under Control Gain Perturbations by Miyakoshi, Kazuki; Shun Ito; Hidetoshi Oya; Yoshikatsu Hoshi; Shunya Nagai (2020) - Therefore, the actual control input of Eq. (11) can be rewritten as ( ) 0 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) K t u t F t K t F t F t x t F t F t K t F t    2 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 0 0 ( ) 0 0 ( ) * 0 * 0 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) * * * * ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) 0 0 t t t t l K F F d x t A x t B K t x t F t x t dt A B K t x t A B F t K t F t F t x t A B F t F t K t F t x t A BF A BF B BF BF A             Keywords: control; f t; k f; k t; t t; x t;  ;  ;  ;  ;  
• Robust Adaptive Depth Control of Hybrid Underwater Glider in Vertical Plane by Nguyen, Ngoc-Duc; Choi, Hyeung-Sik; Jin, Han-Sol; Jiafeng Huang; Lee, Jae-Heon (2020) - Substituting the control law (20) into the first derivative of the Lyapunov function (19) will result to: 2 2 12 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ˆ ˆ( ) ( )eq eq e V k e k e k e sat e e Y a a P a           (21) 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2ˆ( ) T q eqV k e e e e Y a a P a         (19) 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 ˆ ˆ ( )q eq e Y a k e e k sat       (20) Keywords: control; depth; underwater;  
• Observer-Based Quadratic Guaranteed Cost Control for Linear Uncertain Systems with Control Gain Variation by Hayakawa, Satoshi; Hoshi, Yoshikatsu; Oya, Hidetoshi (2022) - (23), the observer gain matrix � is derived as � � 4(A��( in advance. (23), the observer gain matrix � is derived as � � 4(A��( in advance. Keywords: control; t t; ℝ �; � �

• Selection of Elevation Models for Flood Inundation Map Generation in Small Urban Stream: Case Study of Anyang Stream by Chanjin Jeong; Dong-Hyun Kim; Hyung-Ju Yoo; Seung-Oh Lee (2024) - The flood area (������� ) shown in the flood inundation map was 0.079 km2, and the flood area (�������� ! ) calculated by HEC-RAS 2D was 0.091 km2. 2 2 (%) 100− − = × ∩ ∪ FLUMEN HEC RAS D FLUMEN HEC RAS D A A Fit A A (6) where � ��%�is the model goodness of fit percentage, ������� is the flood area shown in the flood inundation map, and �������� ! Keywords: analysis; area; dem; dsm; flood; flood inundation; hec; inundation; map; model; ras; study; � �
• Side Resistance of Drilled Shafts Socketed into Rocks for Serviceability and Ultimate Limit States by Chen, Yit-Jin; Cheng-Chieh Hsiao; Anjerick Topacio (2020) - 156-165 159 Table 1 Geometries, geotechnical parameters, and interpreted results of load test data Shaft No. Depth, D Diameter, B Test depth from GL qu fs(L1) 1 fs(L2) 2 (m) (m) (m) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) TP1 37.6 0.95 28.0~36.0 12.77 0.268 0.63 TP2 42.6 0.95 34.2~41.0 10.01 0.176 0.53 TP3 20.0 1.2 4.0~19.0 0.60 0.063 0.16 TP4 66.0 1.5 61.5~66.0 4.17 0.160 0.59 TP5 25.5 1.5 21.5~25.5 0.20 0.088 0.24 TP6 48.0 1.5 40.0~48.0 1.21 0.095 0.31 TP7 48.0 1.5 40.0~48.0 0.80 0.080 0.25 TP8 53.0 1.5 49.5~53.0 1.03 0.110 0.52 TP9 30.0 1.2 26.4~30.0 2.26 0.070 0.24 TP10 53.5 2.0 37.2~53.3 2.46 0.060 0.22 TP11 54.5 2.0 38.2~54.5 0.34 0.069 0.17 TP12 24.0 0.8 16.7~24.0 0.70 0.018 0.11 TP13 48.0 1.5 47.7~52.0 0.65 0.090 0.13 TP14 47.7 1.2 41.7~47.7 0.16 0.115 0.14 TP15 59.0 1.2 55.8~59.0 3.00 0.110 0.29 TP16 29.0 1.2 24.9~29.0 0.13 0.060 0.16 TP17 45.0 1.2 35.0~42.5 3.47 0.062 0.20 TP18 38.0 1.0 35.0~37.4 13.00 0.150 0.37 TP19 60.4 1.5 58.4~59.8 13.70 0.300 0.58 156-165 160 Table 2 Statistics of load test data for analysis Interpretation method n Statistical Analysis Pile Geometry qu (MPa)  fs (MPa) Keywords: analysis; coordinate; interpretation; load; resistance; uq
• Single-Crossarm Stainless Steel Stayed Columns by Machacek, Josef; Pichal, Radek (2018) - [8] R. R. Araujo, S. A. L. Andrade, P. C. G. S. Vellasco, J. G. S. Silva, and L. R. O. Lima, “Experimental and numerical assessment of stayed steel columns,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. Following three tests of stayed columns with a reasonable geometry, the numerical modelling is validated and subsequently compared with available analytical and numerical 2D results. Keywords: analysis; buckling; column; fig; stays; steel
• Finite Element and Neural Network Based Predictive Model to Determine Natural Frequency of Laminated Composite Plates with Eccentric Cutouts under Free Vibration by Seba, Mohamed Rida; Kebdani, Said (2022) - [21] S. Khatir, D. Boutchicha, C. Le Thanh, H. Tran-Ngoc, T. N. Nguyen, and M. Abdel-Wahab, “Improved ANN Technique Combined with Jaya Algorithm for Crack Identification in Plates Using XIGA and Experimental Analysis,” Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, vol. https://doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2022.8909 Abstract This research proposes a predictive model to identify changes in the mechanical and geometrical properties of composite plates with eccentric cutouts based on natural frequency. Keywords: analysis; ann; cutouts; frequency; model; plates; vibration; vol

• An Efficient Application of Modified YOLOv5 in Basketball Player Detection and Analysis by Jia-Shing Sheu; Sheng-Ju Lin (2024) - 1, the system (A0) comprises three submodules designed to achieve player detection and tracking: court detection, YOLOv5 player detection, and player position localization. v5 model that replaces the backbone of YOLOv5s with the MobileNetv3-small architecture for player detection. Keywords: architecture; convolution; court; detection; fig; image; model; module; player; vol; yolov5s

• Differentiated QoS Provisioning in Wireless Networks Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning by Ming-Chu Chou; Guang-Jhe Lin; Chih-Heng Ke; Yeong-Sheng Chen (2024) - To address this issue, this study aims to enhance network throughput by enabling differentiated bandwidth allocation for various services. The study implemented key parameters such as network throughput, power consumption, and network latency using the Network Simulator (NS)-2, with in-depth discussions of the experimental results. Keywords: agent; algorithm; fig; method; network; nodes; priority; qos; throughput; � �
• Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm Based on Inertia Weights for Solving Global Optimization Problems by I-Ming Chao; Hsiung, Shou-Cheng; Jenn-Long Liu (2020) - Previously mentioned LDIWR integrated the exploration mechanism of the original WOA algorithm (ωr=1), and the better exploitation mechanism of the LDIW strategy on WOA, as mentioned before. WOA algorithm assumes that the solution of the current best candidate (leader whale) is targeting prey or closing to the optimum. Keywords: algorithm; exploration; functions; inertia; optimization; original; whale; woa
• Area-Construction Algorithms Using Tangent Circles by Chiang, Ching-Shoei; Li, Hung-Chieh (2020) - A sequence of circles wants finding, such that the following conditions are satisfied: the first circle C0 is tangent to C0 and C1; the last circle Cn is tangent to C1 and C2; circle Ci between C0 and Cn is tangent to C1 and its neighbors Ci-1 and Ci+1, as depicted in Fig. In addition, the circle packing problems, i.e., the arrangement of circles with same or different radii inside a specified area, were also investigated by researchers [9-11]. Keywords: algorithm; area; circles; fig; radius; tangent

• Efficacy of Nanocutting Fluids in Machining-an Experimental Investigation by Pasam, Vamsi Krishna; Rapeti, Padmini; Babu Battula, Surendra (2018) - In this context, the present work is an attempt to investigate the affect of vegetable oil based nanofluid s on machining parameters. Vegetable oil based cutting fluids exhibited better performance than mineral oils by way of tool life, tool wear, cutting forces and chip formation [3].The applicability of coconut oil as a base fluid in industrial applications was examined and machining performance was improved and compared to conventional cutting fluid [4]. Keywords: cccnt; cutting; machining; nanofluids; oil; performance; surface; tool; vol; wear
• Low Access Latency and High Throughput for Full-Duplex Cognitive Radio Using Mobility Caching Placement Strategy by Srilatha, Madhunala ; Bharathi, Anantha (2022) - In the above equation, ���� is the signal which needs to be identified, ���� is the Gaussian noise which is additive white in nature, and n is the sample index. [29]. ( ) 2 1 1 sN ns M S n N = = ∑ (3) where ���� is the SU received signal. Keywords: duplex; latency; mcps; performance; radio; sensing; spectrum; throughput; transmission; vol; � �

• Efficient Object Detection and Intelligent Information Display Using YOLOv4-Tiny by Ying-Tung Hsiao; Jia-Shing Sheu; Hsu Ma (2024) - The lightweight YOLOv4-tiny model is modified by replacing convolutional modules with Fire modules to further reduce its parameters. Conclusions A modified YOLOv4-tiny architecture was developed by incorporating Fire and SPP modules to replace some CBL modules, greatly reducing the parameter count while maintaining competitive performance. Keywords: architecture; detection; feature; model; module; object; vol; yolov4; � �

• Efficient RSU Selection Approaches for Load Balancing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks by Huang, Chi-Fu; Jhang, Jyun-Hao (2020) - In Vehicle-based scheme, vehicles choose their serving RSU according to the load index, trajectories, and path lengths to RSUs, independently and distributedly. In recent years, vehicles on the move can also enjoy the convenience of wireless communication technologies by assisting each other in message exchange and form an interconnecting network, namely Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). Keywords: diagram; fig; load; map; rsus; vanets; vehicles; vol; voronoi
• Tribological Aspects Affecting Surface Durability of Tooth-Sum Altered Spur Gears: A Load Sharing Approach by Avil Allwyn Dsa; Joseph Gonsalvis (2023) - For a constant load using ��� � ��� Eq. 81-99 88 where F is the load transmitted per unit face width, ℎ�J is the accumulated wear after n cycles, ��� is the dynamic load per unit face width, ��= is the dynamic load factor, a is the semi-contact width of the elliptical contact and I is the wear coefficient. Keywords: ats; contact; factor; film; gears; load; oil; profile; sliding; tooth; vol; wear; � �

• Performance Evaluation of MQTT as a Communication Protocol for IoT and Prototyping by Sasaki, Yuya; Yokotani, Tetsuya (2019) - This paper describes, performance evaluation of IoT communication based on MQTT, and compares the performance of HTTP and MQTT protocol. In the case of MQTT communication, the access delay time is measured from the PUBLISH device to the SUBSCRIBE device via the MQTT broker. Keywords: access; communication; fig; http; information; iot; mqtt; network; protocol; traffic

• Experimental Investigation into Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterial-reinforced Table Tennis Rubber by Chen, Yu-Fen; Wu, Jian-Hong; Huang, Chen-Chih (2016) - Keywords: table tennis rubber, surface modification, carbon nanotube, zinc oxide, titanium oxide 1. 6 Elastic modulus values of Nano-reinforced rubbers and non-reinforced rubber 3.4. Keywords: fig; modulus; nano; pimples; rubber; stress; table; tennis
• Study of Injection Molding Warpage Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Taguchi Method by Chen, Dyi-Cheng; Huang, Chen-Kun (2016) - This study integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process and Taguchi method to investigate into injection molding warpage. Abstract This study integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process and Taguchi method to investigate into injection mold ing warpage. Keywords: injection; molding; table; taguchi; warpage

• Flowfield Analysis of a Pneumatic Solenoid Valve by Lin, Sheam-Chyun; Lin, Yu-Ming; Haung, Yu-Song; Yao, Cheng-Liang; Jian, Bo-Syuan (2018) - [11] Z. Liu, X. Han, and Y. F. Liu, “Dynamic simulation of large flow solenoid valve,” International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASME Press, November 11-17, 2016. For ensuring the safety of human being, the reliable and effect ive solenoid valve is in great demand to shorten the reaction time and thus becomes the topic of this research. Keywords: cfd; fig; flow; nozzle; numerical; pneumatic; pressure; solenoid; valve;  
• Effect of Mean Flow on the Transmission Loss of a Doubly Tuned Flow Reversal Muffler by Chetan Dayanand Gaonkar; Thappaganadoddi Nagabushnasharma Sreenivasa (2024) - The study of flow reversal mufflers commenced approximately half a century ago when Young and Crocker [6] established a theoretical model and used FEM to predict the TL of this muffler. Suffixes 1 and � denotes 1st and nth element of the muffler respectively, while �� is the speed of sound and A is the cross-sectional area of inlet and outlet exhaust pipes. , �, � , and �� are the four pole parameters Keywords: cfd; end; fig; flow; inlet; muffler; vol; � �
• Flow Separation Characteristics of Tandem Minibus Model Configuration by Melkiyanto; Nasaruddin Salam; Rustan Tarakka (2025) - Keywords: pressure coefficient, flow separation, tandem minibus configuration, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), fluent software 1. 118-131 Table 2 Minimum pressure coefficient for tandem minibus at TP 7 and TP 21 L/D Minibus 1 (M1) Minibus 2 (M2) 0.227 -0.120 -0.260 0.455 -0.083 -0.250 0.682 -0.127 -0.265 0.909 -0.133 -0.267 1.136 -0.127 -0.270 Figs. 9-13 display the simulation results from the top perspective of the tandem minibus model, with five levels of variation (L/D = 0.227, 0.455, 0.692, 0.909, and 1.136) at a constant flow velocity of 20 m/s (Re = 54726) for each contour. Keywords: fig; flow; minibus; pressure; tandem; vol
• Velocity Field around a Rigid Flapping Wing with a Winglet in Quiescent Water by Goli, Srikanth; Roy, Arnab; Roy, Subhransu (2020) - “Visualization of flapping wing of the drone beetle,” Journal of Visualization, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. [18] S. Goli, S. S. Dammati, A. Roy, and S. Roy, “Coherent structures in the flow generated by rigid flapping wing in hovering flight mode,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 402, no. 1, pp. 1-18, 2018. Keywords: case; flapping; flow; mass; winglet; wingtip

• A Modified Exponential Model for Predicting the Fatigue Crack Growth Rate in a Pipeline Steel Under Pure Bending by Sergei Sherbakov; Pawan Kumar; Daria Podgayskaya; Pavel Poliakov; Vasilii Dobrianskii; Vishwanatha H M (2025) - Therefore, fatigue crack growth (FCG) is a vital failure phenomenon in pipeline steel due to the vibrational nature of fluid and operational environment [3]. Keywords: exponential function, specific growth rate, fatigue crack, stress intensity factor, SDG 9 1. Introduction Fatigue failure of steel pipes is one of the most important design criteria in pipeline engineering. Keywords: crack; exponential; fatigue; fcgr; fig; growth; iii; model; stage; stress; vol
• Reduction of Residual Stresses in Sapphire Cover Glass Induced by Mechanical Polishing and Laser Chamfering Through Etching by Wu, Shih-Jeh; Hsu, Hsiang-Chen; Lin, Wen-Fei (2016) - 6 Bow of the mechanically polished sapphire glass sample (1.44mm thickness) before and after laser chamfering The bow of the mechanically polished and laser machined sapphire glass sample (0.4mm thickness) after dry plasma etching is as shown in Fig. 7 Bow of the mechanically polished and laser machined sapphire glass sample (0.4mm thickness) after plasma dry etching Bow of the mechanically polished and laser machined sapphire glass sample (0.4mm thickness) after wet etching by DHF is as shown in Fig. Keywords: etching; glass; laser; sapphire; stress
• Effects of the Vibration Amplitude in Vibratory Stress Relief on the Fatigue Life of Structures by Bui Manh, Cuong ; Nguyen Van, Duong; Do Van, Si ; Phan Van, Manh; Le, Van Thao (2021) - Residual stress and fatigue limit The results of measuring residual stress according to ASTM E837-13a include a variety of stress components. https://doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2021.8714 Abstract This research aims to investigate the effects of vibration amplitude in vibratory stress relief (VSR) on the fatigue strength of structures with residual stress. Keywords: acceleration; amplitude; fatigue; fig; limit; samples; specimens; stress; test; vol; vsr

• On the Estimation of the Mission Performance Index of Unmanned Surface Vehicles Based on the Mission Coverage Area by Lee, Jae-Yong; Son, Nam-Sun (2023) - Mission performance index; ��(��� = ������ ÷ *��� + �����+ MPI#(i) % Ratio of relative MPI* of USV to MPI for case involving resulting trajectory without track-off; ��(#��� = ��(∗ ÷ ������ ÷ �path width� × 100 Acknowledgments This study was supported by the project titled “Development of Situation Awareness and Autonomous Navigation Technology of Unmanned Surface Vehicle Based on Artificial Intelligence (PES3880, PES4270),” which was funded by the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering. 29-37 36 wd(i)j m Distance between waypoints; ������ = ������ − ���� � �� + ������ − ����� � �� TMc(i) m2 Total mission coverage area; ������ = ∑ ������� × ����� Keywords: area; mission; mpi; path; ship; usv; � �

• The Effect of the Curvature-Rate on the Response of Local Sharp-Notched SUS304 Stainless Steel Tubes under Cyclic Bending by Lee, Kuo-Long; Chien, Shih-Bin; Pan, Wen-Fung (2016) - [4] experimentally exp lored the effect of the Do/t ratio and curvature-rate on the response and stability of circular tubes subjected to cyclic bending, and Chang and Pan [5] discussed the buckling life estimat ion of circu lar tubes subjected to cyclic bending. Experimentally determined moment (M) - curvature () curve for local sharp- notched SUS304 stainless steel tubes , with notch depth of a = 0.2 mm, subjected to cyclic bending under the curvature- rates o f (a) 0.0035 and (b) 0.35 m -1 Keywords: bending; curvature; steel; tubes
• Prestressed Stainless Steel Stayed Columns with Two Crossarms by Machacek, Josef; Pichal, Radek (2019) - Keywords: stayed columns, two crossarms, stainless steel, prestressing, nonlinear buckling 1. 1 Examples of structures using stayed columns * Corresponding author. Keywords: buckling; column; crossarm; fig; prestressing; stays; steel
• High-temperature Corrosion of T22 Steel in N2/H2S-mixed Gas by Kim, MinJung (2017) - T22 steel cor- roded rapidly, forming outer FeS scales and inner (FeS, FeCr2O4)-mixed scale. Since the nonprotective FeS scale was present over the whole scale, T22 steel displayed poor corrosion resistance. Keywords: corrosion; fes; fig; gas; scale; steel; t22

• A Novel Stretch Sensor to Measure Venous Hemodynamics by Wankhar, Syrpailyne; A. Kota, Albert; Selvaraj, Dheepak (2018) - In this paper, we demonstrate the measurement of venous volume using arrays of the novel stretch sensor and thereby enable us in developing a novel prototype instrument for measuring venou s hemodynamic. The setup for measuring venous volume by measuring the change in calf circumference using arrays of 3 stretch sensors is shown in Fig. Keywords: change; sensor; stretch; volume

• Implementation of 20 nm Graphene Channel Field Effect Transistors Using Silvaco TCAD Tool to Improve Short Channel Effects over Conventional MOSFETs by Tayade, Vinod Pralhad; Lahudkar, Swapnil Laxman (2021) - Graphene FETs are one of the alternatives of MOSFETs due to the excellent properties of graphene material. The mobility of graphene material is high, and hence it can be used as a channel material for small geometry devices. Keywords: channel; device; fet; gate; graphene; material; mosfet; silicon; vol
• Measurement Accuracy of Ultrasound Viscoelastic Creep Imaging in Measuring the Viscoelastic Properties of Heterogeneous Materials by Lin, Che-Yu; Chen, Yi-Cheng; Pang, Chin Pok; Yang, Tung-Han (2022) - References [1] J. Bamber, et al., “EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Use of Ultrasound Elastography. [3] R. M. Sigrist, et al., “Ultrasound Elastography: Review of Techniques and Clinical Applications,” Theranostics, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. Keywords: inclusion; material; properties; simulation; ultrasound; uvci; viscoelastic; � �

• New Electronically Tunable Third Order Filters and Dual Mode Sinusoidal Oscillator Using VDTAs and Grounded Capacitors by Paul, Tapas Kumar; Pal, Radha Raman (2021) - Current mode filters offer some advantages, e.g., low power consumption, wide bandwidth, wider dynamic range, and high slew rate 24 Experimental arrangement for the recommended third order filters (a) For non-inverting current mode filter (b) For inverting current mode filter (c) Keywords: c c; current; fig; filter; frequency; g c; g g; mode; order; oscillator; vdta; voltage
• Determination of Natural Frequency and Critical Velocity of Inclined Pipe Conveying Fluid under Thermal Effect by Using Integral Transform Technique by Mohmmed, Jabbar Hussein; Tawfik, Mauwafak Ali; Atiyah, Qasim Abbas (2021) - ′′Λ Γ − − − Λ Γ + Λ ⋅ Γ ′ ′+ Λ Γ + Λ Γ + Λ Γ = − ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ (19) Γ(ζ) is beam Eigen function and varies according to boundary condition for the clamped supported case: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )cosh L cos L cosh cos [ sinh sin ] sinh L sin L r r r r r r r r λ λ ζ λ ζ Keywords: pipe conveying fluid, natural frequency, critical flow velocity, finite Fourier sine transform, Laplace transform 1. Introduction Fluid-conveying pipes are very important parts in many engineering structures and have many potential applications in industry. Keywords: fluid; frequency; pipe; velocity; vol; − −
• CPW-Fed Penta Band Monopole Antenna for Multiservice Wireless Applications by Kumar, Raj ; Kamatham, Yedukondalu ; Peddakrishna, Samineni ; Gaddam, Ajitha (2021) - Furthermore, a parametric reflection coefficient and surface current distribution analysis is carried out to understand the strip and slot behavior at resonance frequency bands. In addition, the proposed antenna is compact compared to current penta band antennas with an overall dimension of 20 × 18 × 1.6 mm 3 , which has the benefit of being easier to be included in printed circuit boards (PCBs). Keywords: antenna; band; fig; frequency; ghz; mhz; resonance; vol
• Effect of PIN Diode Integration on Patch Antennas for Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Applications by Boyapati Bharathidevi; Jayendra Kumar (2023) -  Advances in Technology Innovation, vol. 8, no. 3, 2023, pp. 210-218 English language proofreader: Chih-Wen Teng Effect of PIN Diode Integration on Patch Antennas for Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Applications Boyapati Bharathidevi, Jayendra Kumar* School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravathi, Andhra Pradesh, India Received 10 January 2022; received in revised form 05 August 2022; accepted 04 May 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2023.9235 Abstract PIN diodes are commonly used to design reconfigurable antennas owing to their sufficient isolation, lower cost, and ease of fabrication. Keywords: biasing circuit, microstrip antenna, PIN diode switch, reconfigurable antenna, RF switch 1. Introduction Microstrip antennas are one of the most popular printed antennas which play a significant role in today’s wireless communication systems. Keywords: antenna; diode; frequency; pin; radiation; reconfigurable; state; switch; vol

• Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Coatings Added to Low Voltage Switches by Troudi, Leila; Jelassi, Khaled (2022) - References [1] A. Mahapatro, et al., “Modeling and Simulation of Electrodeposition: Effect of Electrolyte Current Density and Conductivity on Electroplating Thickness,” Advanced Materials Science, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-9, August 2018. [2] B. Fotovvati, et al., “On Coating Techniques for Surface Protection: A Review,” Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, vol. 3, no. 1, Article no. 28, March 2019. Keywords: coating; fig; gold; losses; parameters; silver; switches

• Classification of Leftover Shrimp Feed Based on Lift Net Design Utilizing the k-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm by Ahmad Hannan Asy-Syaf’ie; Agus Indra Gunawan; Setiawardhana; Muhammad Edy Hidayat; Muhammad Andi Kurniawan (2025) - Shrimp Feed Measurement Inside the Lift Net This section presents the results of shrimp feed measurements conducted inside four different lift nets: a conical-shaped net with heights of 5 cm and 10 cm, and a pyramid-shaped net with heights of 5 cm and 10 cm. Based on the advantages of ultrasonic technology, the present study proposes the digitization of lift nets by redesigning their structure and incorporating multiple ultrasonic sensors. Keywords: conical; feed; fig; k values; lift; lift net; net; shrimp; ultrasonic; values; voltage

• Frame-synchronous Blind Audio Watermarking for Tamper Proofing and Self-Recovery by Hwai-Tsu Hu; Ying-Hsiang Lu (2020) - https://doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2020.4138 Abstract This paper presents a lifting wavelet transform (LWT)-based blind audio watermarking scheme designed for tampering detection and self-recovery. Keywords: Blind audio watermarking, lifting wavelet transform, 2 N -ary adaptive quantization modulation, rational dither modulation, tamper proofing, self-recovery 1. Keywords: audio; bits; detail; frame; recovery; scheme; self; signal; subband; vol; watermarking
• A Novel Ultrasonic Method for Measuring the Position and Velocity of Moving Objects in 3D Space by Thong-un, Natee; Wongsaroj, Wongsakorn (2022) - There are many studies on acoustic systems for position measurement In addition, when the velocity of the moving object is increased, a greater variance of position measurements is produced. Keywords: angle; cross; fig; object; position; signal; velocity; vol

• Simulation of Desiccant Cooling by A., Kamaruddin; Uyun, Aep S.; Bamahry, Alie; Imanda, Rino (2017) - References [1] L. Bellia, P. Mazzei, F. Min ichiello, and D. Palma, “Air conditioning systems with desiccant wheel foritalian climates,” International Jour- nal on Architectural Science, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. [4] K. Daou, R. Z. Wang, and Z. Z. Xia, “Des- iccant cooling air conditioning: a review,” Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. Keywords: air; cooling; desiccant; heat

• Influence of Cold Sensation on Plantar Tactile Sensation for Young Females by Wang, Tianyi; Okada, Shima; Makikawa, Masaaki ; Endo, Masayuki; Ohno, Yuko (2021) - In [2], we reported that plantar sensation thresholds were higher for the CS group (n = 18) than the non-CS group (n = 11) and that young females with CS were less sensitive at the foot than the healthy subjects. Meanwhile, it was hypothesized that when skin hardness increases, it was easier to have stress concentration and increased sensation at the finger [22].Thus, another possible reason to explain the finding in this study is: for young females with CS, lower plantar sensation threshold, namely more sensitivity at the foot, is possibly due to the higher skin hardness at the fifth metatarsal head. Keywords: foot; plantar; sensation; tactile; test; threshold; vol

• An Image Synthesis Method Generating Underwater Images by Ahamed, Jarina Raihan; Abas, Pg Emeroylariffion; Silva, Liyanage Chandratilak De (2022) - ( ) ( ). ( ) (1 ( )) ; { ,. , } c c c c c I x J x t x t x cB R G B= + − ∈ (1) In the above equation, �����. ����� describes the radiance ����� of an object as it travels in the underwater medium, whilst �1 − ������. Keywords: depth; enhancement; et al; images; method; restoration; underwater; � �

• Complex Independent Laboratory Tests to Signify Fuel Economy and Emissions under Real World Driving by Boretti, Albert; Lappas, Petros (2019) - This meant that the consumption of one litre of nominally equivalent petrol or diesel fuel produced very different CO2 emission results. Diesel fuel may have a carbon content that varies from C3 to C25, or a mass percentage of carbon in the range 84-87% with a hydrogen range of 13-16%. Keywords: co2; cycle; diesel; driving; economy; emissions; engine; fuel; laboratory; nedc; new; nox; tests; vehicles; vol; world

• DV-EXCCCII Based Resistor-Less Current-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter by Singh, Priyanka; nagaria, Rajendra kumar (2023) - 1 2 1 1( )= (1 )X eq eq eqB s R R sR C+ (37) 2( )D s as bs c= + + (38) here, 1 2 1 2 1 2X X eq eq eq eqa R R R R C C= (39) 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2X eq eq eq X X eq eq X X eq eqb R R R C R R R C R R R C= + + (40) 1 2 1 2 2 2X X eq eq X eqc R R R R R R= + + (41) I I R C s R R C C s + + − + = + + (3) Keywords: current; fig; filter; r c; r r; vol

• Innovation Management of Patent Commercialization by Lee, Yi-Ping (2016) - The more quantity of fund in investment of patent commercialization, the higher of patent commercialization rate. H3b: The more quantity of time in investment of patent commercialization, the higher of patent commercialization rate. Keywords: commercialization; patent; patent commercialization; patentee; rate; research; right; vol
• Fuzzy Study on the Winning Rate of Football Game Betting by Lee, Woo-Joo ; Jhang, Hyo-Jin; Choi, Seung Hoe (2021) - If ��� ∶ ��(0) ⊆ �, � = 1, … , � � 1 is set as a fuzzy partition of the universal set �, it satisfies for each i and any ! ∈ �: ( )0 With the variable selection method commonly used in regression analysis [28], our variables that influence the goal difference (��(�)) of KNF team are derived as shown in the following equation (� − *#�+, < 0.000, #�56% = 0.61): ( ) * 3 6 152.613 0.507 0.115 0.248 0.016 Keywords: football; knf; match; rate; regression; team; vol; winning; � �

• New Ventures, Internationalization, and Asymmetric Grin Curve: Analysis of Taiwan’s Big Data by Lin, Jwu-Rong; Huang, Chen-Jui; Chen, Ching-Yu; Shiau, Huey-Ling; Yeh, Yan-Chen (2019) - Value creation is a reversed U-shaped quadratic function of R&D spending, implying decreasing marginal benefit, or a5 > 0 and a6 < 0. (4) H4: The impact of brand revenue and R&D spending on value creation is asymmetric, or a3 + 2a4BR  a5 + 2a6RD. (5) This paper adopts the big data composed of 104,377 Taiwanese manufacturers from the 2011 Industry, Commerce, and Service Census to assess impact of the business life cycle, brand revenue, R&D spending, and internationalization on value creation. Keywords: business; creation; curve; fig; firm; impact; new; taiwan; value; vol

• Robust LPV Control for Attitude Stabilization of a Quadrotor Helicopter under Input Saturations by Hasseni, Seif-El-Islam; Abdou, Latifa (2020) - 98-111 100 4 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) y z r r x x x z x r r y y y x y z z (18)-(22), and the controller’s state space is expressed as: 1 2p px Ax B w B w B u    (18) 1 2p p pp p p pz C x D w D w D u    (19) 1 1 11 12p pz C x D w D w D u    (20) 2 2 21 22p py C x D w D w D u    (21) p pw z (22) where x is the states vector; u is the input vector; w is the exogenous inputs; disturbances and noises; y is the measured outputs; z is the controlled outputs; pz and pw are inputs and outputs of the block, 1 1 2 2( , ,..., ).r Keywords: controller; fig; vol;  ;  

• Assessing the Effectiveness of Exclusive Truck Lanes: A Korean Expressways Case Study by Kiyoung Lee; Hyunjin Park; Seongkwan Mark Lee (2025) - These include: 1) physically separated cargo-only lanes from general vehicle lanes on freeways; 2) operationally separated truck lanes on freeways that are not physically separated; 3) truck climbing lanes; 4) truckways that connect cargo terminals to major freight generators; 5) truck bypasses that are installed as detours for trucks in bottleneck areas The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) installs truck lanes based on hourly volumes and the number of trucks. Keywords: average; deviation; lane; safety; scenario; speed; study; traffic; transportation; truck; truck lanes; vehicles; vol; volume

• Development and Improvement of a Vacuum Fryer and a Centrifugal Deoiling Machine for Deep-Fried Split-Gill Mushroom Production by Worapong Boonchouytan; Nantapong Pongpiriyadecha; Nutjired Kheowsakul (2025) - The effect of ultrasound on the frying rate and quality of fried mushroom chips (FMC) was investigated using MVF. Performance tests of centrifugal deoiling machine for deep-fried split-gill mushrooms Results of performance tests of the centrifugal deoiling machine for deep-fried split-gill mushrooms aiming to determine the oil content after the deoiling process for deep-fried split-gill mushrooms produced at 3 rotational speeds (100, 300, and 500 rpm) and 3 deoiling times (1, 3, and 5 minutes) are as shown in Fig. Keywords: deoiling; fried; frying; gill; gill mushrooms; machine; minutes; mushrooms; rpm; split; vacuum
• Advanced Manufacture of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears by Simon, Vilmos (2016) - The concept of an imaginary generating crown gear is used in the generating cutting process of the face -hobbed spiral bevel and hypoid pinion and gear teeth (Fig. 1). The optmal head-cutter geometry and machine tool settings are determined to introduce the optimal tooth surface modifications into the teeth of spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Keywords: c c; hypoid; machine; tooth;  

• Defining Effective Gain for Evaluation of Orbital Angular Momentum Links by Shamoushaki, Elaheh; Aliakbarian, Hadi (2021) - In this section, OAM antennas are used in a communication link in order to improve the capacity and the security of the channel. 10, it can be observed that increasing the mode number of OAM antennas decreases the level of the receiving signal as expected due to the presence of a null at their boresight direction. Keywords: antenna; array; circular; fig; gain; link; mode; number; oam

• A Novel Approach to Construct Finite Automata Using Grid and Product Automata by Rupam Nag; Dibyendu Barman; Abul Hasnat (2024) - This study assessed grid and Product Automata techniques for Finite Automata construction, focusing on accuracy, precision, and computational efficiency across scenarios. Algorithm 1: construction of Finite Automata using Grid Automata method This algorithm presents a revolutionary approach to generating Finite Automata using the Grid Automata method, an innovative framework that improves automata construction efficiency and scalability. Keywords: automata; automaton; fig; finite; grid; language; number; product; state; strings

• Development of an Automated Measurement System for Checking Irradiation Non-uniformity of Solar Simulators by Hsieh, Chen-Huei; Zh, Xui-Ze (2018) - Once the irradiation non-uniformity is calculated, some operations are made to adjust the irradiation parameters of the solar simulator such that the irradiation non-uniformity can meet the specification, i.e., 2%, 5%, 10% for class A, B or C of solar module, respectively. Keywords: solar simulator, PV cell, solar module, irradiation non-uniformity, measurement 1. Keywords: arduino; fig; measurement; mega; module; robot; step

• Vibration Analysis of Two-Directional Functionally Graded Sandwich Beams Using a Shear Deformable Finite Element Formulation by Pham, Vu Nam; Nguyen, Dinh Kien; Gan, Buntara Sthenly (2019) - 1 2 3 4{ }w w w w wN N N NN (16) with 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 42 3 2 2 3 2 1 3 2 , 2 , 3 2 ,w w w w x x x x x x x x N N x N N l l l l l l l l            (17)  11 12 , 11 , 34 ,x2 (2x2) (2x4) (2x4)0 0 0 11 ,x 22 ,x 11 ,x 44 ,x2 (4x4)(4x4) 0 0 11 (4x4) 4 , , , 3 4 , , 3 1 b s b b l l l T T T T uu u u uw u w x uw w w u x w l l T T T T m m w w w w bs w w w w T ss w w Keywords: beam; vibration; vol; w w; z z

• Projecting the Mental Model of Social Networking Site Usage by Wu, Chun-Hui; Yan, Yih-Her; Shu, Kuen-Ming (2017) - Keywords: social networking sites, projective technique, Zaltman metaphor elicitation technique, mental model, means-end chain theory 1. In addition, researchers from the Pew Research Center’s In ternet found that nearly 80 percent of online adults used social networking sites, and almost 88% of teens and young adults were a member of at least one social network Keywords: end; means; networking; participants; research; sites; users; vol; zmet

• Ball Nut Preload Diagnosis of the Hollow Ball Screw through Support Vector Machine by Huang, Yi-Cheng; Zheng, Jing-Hong (2018) - Abstract This paper studies the diagnostic results of hollow ball screws with different ball nut preload through the support vector machine (SVM) process. The method is testified by considering the us e of ball screw pretension and different ball nut preload. Keywords: ball; nut; preload; screw;  ;  

• The Tangent Medial Circles Inside the Region Defined by Hermite Curve Tangent to Unit Circle by Chiang, Ching-Shoei (2017) - Conclusions The unit circle Hermite curve, H1(t;θ,α0,α1), can be used to design curves and images. * Corresponding author, Email: chiang@scu.edu.tw Advances in Technology Innovation, vol. 2, no. 1, 2017, pp. 08 - 12 9 Copyright © TAETI Definition 1: Two points P0 =(-1, 0), P1 =(-cosθ , sinθ ) on the unit circle with its asso- ciated tangent vector V0=α0(0,1), V1=α1(sinθ , cosθ ) produced a Hermite curve, we call it unit circle Hermite curve, denoted H1(t;θ,α0,α1), where α0>0, α1>0, 0Keywords: circle; curve; point; region

• Optimization of Ducted Propeller Design for the ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) using CFD by Bahatmaka, Aldias; Kim, Dong Joon; Chrismianto, Deddy (2016) - The results of streamline from type A nozzle for B-series (B5-75) shown in Fig.14, type A nozzle for Kaplan-series (Ka5-75) shown in Fig.15, type B nozzle for B-series (B5-75) shown in Fig.16, type B nozzle fo r Kaplan-series (Ka5-75) shown in Fig.17, type C nozzle for B-series (B5-75) shown in Fig.18, type A nozzle for Kaplan-series (Ka5-75) shown in Fig. 4 Boundary Condition of open water propeller 2.4. Keywords: fig; kaplan; nozzle; propeller; series; thrust; type

• Buckling Experiment on Anisotropic Long and Short Cylinders by Takano, Atsushi (2016) - References [1] A. Takano, “Statistical knockdown factors of buckling anisotropic cylinders under axial compression,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 79, 051004, pp 1-17, 2012. The test specimens (CFRP cylinders) were made in-house by hand-layup. Keywords: buckling; knockdown; ply

• Innovation Management of Stock Trading System by Lee, Yi-Ping (2016) - Basically, business owned stock are open trade in the market, thus, the price of a stock should be some distance protect by the business, if the price is abnormally upward or downward for reasons very often, which will be a sign of under value or over value of the business stock, and the other condition is the opportunist try to control and gain benefit from this business stock, thus, business need to develop its trading strategy in keep an amount of stock and capital to buy and sale its stock, that is the trade strategy to that business. Every country have its own different stock trading range limits, stock trading market may be a country's economic showcase, China’s stock change range usually keep as ten percent, but they tried a system named Circu it Breaker System(CBS) in recent years to stop the trade in stock market. Keywords: business; government; investors; market; sdcrl; stock; trade; trading

• Effects of Unsteady Aerodynamic Pressure Load in the Thermal Environment of FGM Plates by Hong, Chih-Chiang (2018) - The effects of environment temperature and FGM power law index on the thermal stress and center deflection of airflow over the upper surface of FGM plates are obtained and investigated. [5] computed and investigated the large amplitude flexural v ibration characteristics of FGM plates with supersonic airflow by using the finite element method (FEM). Keywords: center; deflection; fgm; plates; vol

• Free Vibration Frequency of Thick FGM Circular Cylindrical Shells with Simply Homogeneous Equation by Using TSDT by Chih-Chiang Hong (2020) - P P T PT P T PT       (1) where 0 1 1 2, , ,P P P P and 3P are the temperature coefficients. [1] presented the free vibration of FGM circular cylindrical shells, including the Pasternak foundation and stationary fluid by using the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Keywords: fgm; fh fh; r r;  ;  ;  ;  

• A Controlled Fermentation Environment for Producing Quality Soya Sauce by Ferng, Sophia; Huang, Wei-Hua; Wu, Chien-Ping; Lu, Yung-Tsong; Hsu, Cheng-Kuang; Chiou, Robin Yih-Yuan; Ting, Ching-Hua (2019) - [6] F. M. Yong and B. J. B. Wood, “Microbiology and biochemistry of soy sauce fermentation,” Advances in Applied Microbiology, vol. 17, pp. In sauce moromi fermentation, the proteins and polysaccharides in the moromi are hydrolyzed by the fungal protease and amylase to form different types of small nitrogen compounds and sugars, such as amino acids and reducing sugars. Keywords: acid; amino; fermentation; moromi; nitrogen; sauce; soy; tbm; tcm; vol

• Wave Transmission and Energy Dissipation in a Box Culvert-Type Slotted Breakwater by Nastain; Suripin; Yuwono, Nur; Sriyana, Ignatius (2022) - References [1] O. S. Rageh, et al., “The Use of Vertical Walls with Horizontal Slots as Breakwaters,” 13th International Water Technology Conference, pp. 1689-1710, March 2009. [2] K. D. Suh, et al., “Wave Reflection from Partially Perforated-Wall Caisson Breakwater,” Ocean Engineering, vol. Keywords: wave

• Optimal Warranty Length and Selling Price to Maximize the Profit by Chien, Yu-Hung; Chiang, Chung-Piao (2017) - In today’s highly competitive market of consumer products, product warranties become an important criterion that distinguishes good and poor quality products. To model such a rela- tion, we utilize the Cobb-Douglas-type demand function of selling price and warranty period to determine the optimal or profit maximization warranty period and/or selling price for the manufacturer 2. Keywords: function; period; price; product; profit; warranty

• Corona and Electric Field Distribution Analysis in 400 kV Line Insulators by Ragaleela Dalapati Rao; Chinda, Padmanabha Raju; Meduri Kiran (2021) - The performance of insulator strings in transmission lines can be improved by corona rings owing to their electric field grading property. Simulation studies were performed for the insulator strings, including corona rings with different design parameters. Keywords: corona; distribution; field; inches; insulators; line; ring; silicon; vol

• A Multiple-Parameter Optimization of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Enhanced Performance by Dhiman Dey; Gour Chand Mazumder; Arnendu Roy Apu; Himangshu Ranjan Ghosh (2025) - H. S. Davari, R. M. Botez, M. S. Davari, H. Chowdhury, and H. Hosseinzadeh, “Blade Height Impact on Self-Starting Torque for Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbines,” Energy Conversion and Management: X, vol. 24, article no. 100814, 2024. A. I. Altmimi, M. Alaskari, O. I. Abdullah, A. Alhamadani, and J. S. Sherza, “Design and Optimization of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines Using QBlade,” Applied System Innovation, vol. 4, no. 4, article no. 74, 2021. A. Muratoğlu and M. S. Demir, “Investigating the Effect of Geometrical and Dynamic Parameters on the Performance of Darrieus Turbines: A Numerical Optimization Approach via QBlade Algorithm,” Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 413-426, 2020. K. Deghoum, M. T. Gherbi, H. S. Sultan, A. N. Jameel Al-Tamimi, A. M. Abed, O. I. Abudullah, et al., “Optimization of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Based on Aerodynamic, Steady-State, and Dynamic Analyses,” Applied System Innovation, vol. 6, no. 2, article no. 33, 2023. Keywords: axis; davari; vol; wind

• The Study of the Microbes Degraded Polystyrene by Tang, Zhi-Long; Kuo, Ting-An; Liu, Hsiao-Han (2017) - The preparation of PS agar plate is to trans- fer 50 mL PS emulsion to a 100 mL glass bottle with 50 mL basal media and 0.75 g agar, sterile for 15 min at 121℃ and pour plate as general agar plates[7]. To take advantage of that Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio can eat and digest polystyrene as its diet, we analyzed these special microbes with PS plate and PS turbidity system with time courses. Keywords: gut; microbes; plate; tm1; zm1

• Innovative Design of an Elliptical Trainer with Right Timing of the Foot Trajectory by Chen, Fu-Chen; Tzeng, Yih-Fong; Hsu, Meng-Hui (2020) -    (43)    (47) where �̇�5 = �̇�4. Keywords: fig; foot; pedal; r cos; r r; r sin; trajectory;  

• DBSCAN-Based Minimum Enclosing Ellipse Using the Control Barrier Function for Safe Navigation of Mobile Robots by Ju-Feng Wu; Chia-Chun Huang; Ming-Yang Cheng (2025) - The depth detected by the LiDAR for each angle ����� is denoted as !���� . L h x u h x (5) where � ∈ ℝ��� is a positive definite matrix, � ∈ ℝ� and � � 0. Keywords: cbf; clf; dbscan; fig; mee; obstacle; � �

• Composite Elements for Biomimetic Aerospace Structures with Progressive Shape Variation Capabilities by Airoldi, Alessandro; Bettini, Paolo; Boiocchi, Matteo; Sala, Giuseppe (2016) - [2] A. Airo ldi, M. Crespi, G. Quaranta, and G. Sala, “Design of a morphing airfo il with composite chiral structure,” Journal of Aircraft, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. A brief introduction of the most significant issues related to the design of such morphing structures is provided. Keywords: fig; morphing; structures

• Tubular Steel Arch Stabilized by Textile Membranes by Svoboda, Ondrej; Machacek, Josef (2016) - No. 105/13/25781S. References [1] S. Kato, T. Yoshino, and H. Minami, “Formulat ion of constitutive equations for fabric membranes based on concept of fabric lattice model,” Engineering Structures, vol. 21, pp. Th is paper demonstrates significant stabilizing effects of membranes to the respective supporting steelwork, based on numerical parametrical studies validated by tests. Keywords: arch; fig; loading; membrane

• Experimental Study of Leaching and Penetration of Nitrite ions in Nitrite-type Repair Materials on the Surface of Concrete by Inoue, Masumi; Choi, Heesup; Sudoh, Yuhji; Ayuta, Koichi (2017) - The specimen surfaces excluding test surfaces were coated with an epoxy resin in order to prevent nitrite ion penetration. Abstract This study aimed to clarify the leaching properties of nitrite ions in nitrite-type repair materials exposed to rainfall. Keywords: leaching; nitrite; no2

• Oxidation of Titanium and Ti/(TiB+TiC) Composite by Yadav, Poonam; Lee, Dong Bok (2017) - [top of the surface] as a function of oxidation time and tem- perature Advances in Technology Innovation, vol. 2, no. 4, 2017, pp. 130 - 132 132 Copyright © TAETI Following oxidation process, matrix phases and oxide scales were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) using Cu-Kα radiation operated at 40 kV and 100 mA. Keywords: oxidation; oxide; titanium

• Numerical Analysis of an Industrial-Scale Steam Methane Reformer by Yeh, Chun-Lang (2019) - For the steady-state three-dimensional flow field with chemical reaction in this study, the governing equations include the continuity equation, momentum equation, turbulence model equation (k-ε model), energy equation, radiation model equation (discrete ordinates radiation model), and chemical reaction model equation (FRED model). = forward rate constant for reaction r 𝑘𝑏,𝑟 Keywords: burners; group; hydrogen; methane; model; reaction; reformer; reforming; steam; temperatures; tube

• Effects of Bi3+ Ion-Doped on the Microstructure and Photoluminescence of La0.97Pr0.03VO4 Phosphor by Chen, Hao-Long ; Shih, Hung-Rung ; Wu, Sean ; Chang, Yee-Shin (2021) - The XRD results show that the structure of La0.97Pr0.03VO4 phosphors with different concentrations of Bi3+ ion doping keeps the monoclinic structure. In order to increase the emission intensity of La0.97Pr0.03VO4 phosphor, the Bi3+ ion-doped La0.97Pr0.03VO4 phosphors are synthesized using a sol-gel method in this study. Keywords: bi3; emission; ion; la0.97pr0.03vo4; phosphors; pr3; vol; ybiy)pr0.03vo4

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23