THE ROLE OF ZAKAT INSTITUTIONS IN SUPPORTING THE ECONOMY

DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

THE ROLE OF ZAKAT INSTITUTIONS IN SUPPORTING THE

ECONOMY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Aziz Maulana Akhsan*, Muhammad Nafik Ryandono
1Department of Sharia Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga

University, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of the Zakat Institution in sustaining the

economy during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. . After the Covid-19 outbreak at the

end of 2019 and declared a global pandemic by WHO in January 2020, including in

Indonesia. The existence of this pandemic makes people have to do Social Distancing,

Physical Distancing as an effort to break the chain of transmission. As a result of this

policy, the economic pattern became sluggish and decreased so that many lost their jobs,

small traders and income decreased drastically due to the low level of consumption. This

requires social financial institutions such as Ziswaf to play an active role in maintaining

the economic resilience of the community. This study used a qualitative approach with a

literature study model, data were obtained from 6 international journals, 4 national

journals, social media, electronic media, books. The results showed that the role of the

Ziswaf Institution was very urgent in supporting the economy of the people affected by

Covid-19.

Keywords: Zakat, Economy, Covid-19

1. INTRODUCTION

Wuhan, a city in the People's Republic of China, suddenly became famous

throughout the world. In this city of around 9 million people, the Corona virus attack

(Covid-19) began. Not only in mainland China, this virus has also spread to more than

180 countries / regions in the world until March 2020. The World Health Organization

(WHO) finally announced the status of a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Based on

existing data, the impact of Covid-19 on the Chinese economy resulting in a slowdown

in economic growth from 6.1% last year to only around 3.8% this year, provided the

pandemic is not getting worse. If things get worse growth can be only 0.1% or even minus.

As a country with the second largest economy in the world, the decline of China's

economy certainly has an impact on the global economy. The negative impact of this

pandemic quickly spread throughout the world, not only because of its contagious nature,

but also because of the mobility of the world's population and the global value chains

which do have a very high level of connectivity. Some of the world's credible research

institutes predict the adverse effects of the spread of this outbreak on the global economy.

JP Morgan predicts the world economy will be minus 1.1% in 2020, EIU predicts minus

2.2%, Fitch predicts minus 1.9%, and the IMF predicts the world economy will be minus

3% in 2020. For Indonesia itself, the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia,

*Corresponding author. Email address: azizsawoo@gmail.com

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
mailto:azizsawoo@gmail.com

AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review (AIFER)

Volume 6, No 2 (2021)

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Sri Mulyani Indrawati, predicts economic growth in the worst-case scenario will reach

minus 0.4 percent.

According to the World Bank. The economic impact of Covid-19 will halt the

businesses of nearly 24 million people in East Asia and the Pacific. Under the worst-case

scenario, the World Bank also predicts nearly 35 million people will remain in poverty.

In fact, through a number of scenarios taking into account various poverty lines, the

World Bank estimates that the number of people living in extreme poverty will increase

to 922 million worldwide. A fantastic number.

Among the forms of efforts called for and carried out by the world in order to reduce

the spread of this epidemic is social or physical distancing. But unfortunately, this

movement had the effect of decreasing overall economic activity.

Given that the vital aspects of the economy, namely supply, demand and supply

chain, have been disrupted, the impact of the crisis will be felt equally to all levels of

society. Because the resilience of each layer or level is different, the middle to lower

economic class, especially the micro and informal communities with daily income, are of

course the group most vulnerable to the impact. The impact in the real sector will then

spread to the distressed financial sector because a large number of investees will

experience difficulties in paying their investors.

With the above conditions, a big question arises: how can Indonesia get through?

What does this nation have to be able to survive in the midst of a wave of plague that is

uncertain when it will end? A glimmer of great hope actually resides in the Indonesian

nation. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Muslims can give

their best role through various forms or models of philanthropy. in Islamic Economics

and Finance. Islam as a religion that teaches humans to love, love and support each other,

has a generous or philanthropic configuration from its teachings.

In Islam, one of the important religious and socio-economic practices intended to

prevent the concentration of wealth in some hands is the imposition of Zakat. Zakat is the

main topic; it can perform some of the main functions of modern society, finance, dealing

with social security entitlements and social assistance grants in the welfare state.

However, this issue has been sorely under-researched, underscoring the growing call for

investigations of Zakat in Muslim countries (Bin-Nashwan et al., 2020). Some experts

believe that the efficient administration of zakat and its implementation can be a "silver

bullet", yielding interesting results in the social security system of disadvantaged and

disadvantaged communities overcoming poverty and achieving economic prosperity

(Sohag et al., 2015). Based on Bin-Nashwan.

In the future this pandemic institutions of zakat are required to contribute to the

handling of the economic problems caused by the pandemic covid-19. which charity

devoted to eight groups ashnaf course, but the conditions of pandemic covid-19 has

implications for many things Can the use of zakat funds be allocated for handling victims

of the impact of Covid-19. Departing from this, this research was conducted with the aim

of describing some of the solutions and roles of Zakat policies that can be offered in

sustaining the economy during the Covid-19 era in Indonesia.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

THE ROLE OF ZAKAT INSTITUTIONS IN SUPPORTING THE ECONOMY

DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

2. LITERATURE STUDY

2.1 Zakat

The word zakat etymologically means pure, flourishing and blessing. (Anshori,

Abdul Ghofur, 2006). Al-Quran uses the word zakat with a holy meaning as stated in

Surah Maryam verse 13: "And a deep sense of compassion from Our side and holiness

(and sin). And he is a pious person."

Zakat is an Islamic obligation to represent one third of the five pillars of Islam.This

requires a 2.5% annual tax payment on the productive wealth of individual and

commercial Muslims who have reached nisab (full ownership) and haul (one lunar year)

own the wealth (Al-Mamun et al., 2019; Bin-Nashwan et al. ., 2020; Choudhury, 1989;

Raimi et al)., Furthermore, zakat in Islamic jurisprudence is charged to agricultural

products 10% of zakat is needed for agricultural products irrigated with rainwater and 5%

zakat is charged in addition to that. Islam also requires zakat al- fitr or fitrah who needs

one sha 'compulsory levy equivalent to 2.5 kg of rice, wheat, palm, sago and other basic

foodstuffs. Zakat al-fitr should be paid before Eid al-Fitr (the Islamic holy day).

Al- The Qur'an in Surah al-Tawbah verse 60 regulates asnaf (groups entitled to

receive zakat). They; fuqara (poor people), masakin (poor), 'amillin (Muslims who work

to manage zakat), muallaf (Muslims return), riqab (slaves), gharimin (people in debt), fi-

Sabilillah (Muslims trying to convey messages Islam) and ibn-sabil (tourists with

financial problems) (Al-Mamun et al., 2019; Asad Ibrahim et al., 2014). Asnaf from

fuqara and masakin represent the relevance of using zakat in managing the consequences

of COVID-19.

2.2 Zakat Manager

Imam Qurtubi in Hafidhuddin (2002, 125) states that Al-Amil was assigned (by it /

the government) to take, write, calculate, and record the zakat he took from muzakki to

be given to those entitled to receive it. Amil's role is currently being carried out by the

Amil Zakat Agency or the Amil Zakat Institute. According to Ad-Dimasyqi (2005, 279),

the definition of amil zakat according to jurisprudential terminology is the people

appointed by the imam (government) to manage the zakat business, which includes the

process of collecting, recording, distributing, and so on. An economic system can only be

efficient if it can produce more goods and services for society with the same or lower

amount of resources (Wahab and Rahman, 2012).

2.3 Objectives and Benefits of Zakat Distribution

The benefits of zakat distribution according to Qardhawi (in Ardiani &

Herianingrum: 2018) can be divided into three, namely benefits for muzakki, mustahiq,

and society in general. The benefits of zakat for muzakki are purifying the soul from being

stingy, educating the spirit of philanthropy. For mustahik According to Yusuf Qardhawi,

productive zakat seeks to alleviate poverty, wants the poor to be well off forever, find the

root cause, and make the poor people able to improve their lives.

2.4 Zakat in Indonesia

Prior to the current pandemic, scientific work had the identity of realizing maslahah

(public interest) donated by zakat to the Indonesian economy. Maulana et al. (2019)

investigated the impact of zakat on macroeconomics in Indonesia, in relation to zakat

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review (AIFER)

Volume 6, No 2 (2021)

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

collection and the reduction of the national poverty rate. They conducted a regression

analysis using BAZNAS RI panel data from 29 provinces during the period 2015 to 2018.

From their findings, they explained that zakat funds managed by BAZNAS was positively

related to poverty reduction during the observed period (Maulana et al., 2019).

Furthermore, at the microeconomic level, the contribution of zakat has at least been

handled by Rizkiningsih et al. (2019). They evaluated the impact of zakat on productive

means by sampling a total of 243 low-income households from across Indonesia who

received zakat in 2018. This analysis uses several welfare measures and finds that zakat

helps increase the average household income.

2.5 Zakat collection in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic

In Indonesia, the first COVID-19 cases were reported on the first Sunday of March

2020, and these cases have started to skyrocket since then. On April 13, 2020, Presidential

Decree 12/2020 declared COVID-19 a national disaster. From the weekend of April to

early May 2020, the Islamic holy month of Ramadan has passed.

Information from BAZNAS RI can explain zakat collections during a pandemic. This

can be obtained from an online data center (https://pid.baznas.go.id/statistik/); that the

zakat collection during the COVID-19 period has experienced a considerable growth.

Figure 1 describes the five months to month (January to May) of zakat collections in 2019

and 2020. Even the collection was reported to have decreased slightly by 5% in February

2020, in the following three months (March, April, May 2020), the collection experienced

a significant decrease. significant. fi could not grow by 35%, 128% and 110% (month to

month), respectively. This increase in zakat collections is highly correlated with zakat

campaigns on social media (Al Anshory et al., 2020)

Source: BAZNAS RI ONLINE DATA YEAR 2020

2.5 The Covid-19 Covid-19

Pandemic that is currently sweeping the world is part of a virus that causes changes

in body conditions such as shortness of breath, coughing, fever, sore throat and changes

in other body conditions. These viruses such as the common cold or colds and serious

diseases such as MERS and SARS Transmission from animals to humans (zoonosis) and

transmission from human to human is very limited. The spread of the covid-19 virus is

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

THE ROLE OF ZAKAT INSTITUTIONS IN SUPPORTING THE ECONOMY

DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

still unclear how it is transmitted, the hypothesis of the spread of the covid-19 virus

originated from mutual interactions between humans and animals, because the cases that

emerged in Wuhan all had a history of contact with the animal market in Huanan.

(Ministry of Health, 2020).

In Indonesia, the distribution of positive cases was first published on March 2, 2020.

Therefore the Government immediately responded quickly by issuing various policy steps

such as an appeal for physical and social distancing and serious steps taken by the

government to break the chain of the spread of Covid-19, namely by making Large-Scale

Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy. (BAZNAS, 2020).

Picture. 2

Recent Covid-19 Reports in Indonesia

Data is processed in excel based on source: covid19.go.id The data above shows that

positive victims of the impact of covid continue to grow. Even the corona update in

Indonesia until July 6, 2020 positive cases increased by 1,209 people. So that the covid-

19 pandemic disaster that hit this country will have an impact on many things, especially

the economic impact.

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Researchuses a qualitative approach with a literature study model, data obtained from

6 international journals, 4 national journals, social media, electronic media, books. The

results of the study are aimed at finding out the role of the Ziswaf Institute in supporting

the economy of the people affected by Covid-19.

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The impact of covid-19 has greatly affected the economy of the community. The

economy of the community during this pandemic resulted in a lot of efforts from the

community being hampered, the economic competitiveness of the community was

weakening, employees were laid off, transportation services also decreased, so that with

this condition it resulted in decreased people's income or even none at all. This situation

has an impact on increasing the number of poor people. People are very vulnerable to

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review (AIFER)

Volume 6, No 2 (2021)

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

being the group most affected by the covid-19 pandemic. Those who work for daily pay

automatically cannot produce anything amidst the appeal to stay et home and the PSBB

policy (BAZNAS, 2020).

Table. 1 Impact of Covid-19 on the Community's Economy

No Economic

Activity

Impact of

1 MSMEs Decreased activity of buying and selling transactions, raw

materials for production are difficult to reach, product

distribution is hampered, and service providers are also

affected by covid-19

2 Transportation

Services

Companies terminate employment ( Layoffs) as a result of

the covid-19 pandemic

3 employees have Transportationstopped due to policies regarding social

distancing and physical distancing

4 Informal

Workers

The most directly affected by the economic impact are

informal daily workers. Where they have to lose their daily

work because of the stay et home policy or the PSBB policy.

Such as pedicab drivers, parking attendants, online

motorcycle taxis, snack vendors and others.

According to the director of zakat and waqf empowerment at the Ministry of

Religion, Fuad Nasar, that scholars such as the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), said

that the use of zakat and waqf funds can be targeted at disaster victims because they are

also categorized as ashnaf zakat, namely needy and poor. The reason for this is due to a

disaster factor so that their property has been destroyed as a result of the disaster that

befell them. This view is also found in the fatwa team tarjih and tajdid PP Muhammadiyah

(2009). (Fuad Nasar, 2019).

The utilization of zakat funds for the benefit of disasters can be distributed to those

in need, as is currently happening in the Covid-19 pandemic disaster. The Covid disaster

has paralyzed the people's economy, which is vulnerable to an increase in the number of

poor people. So that the victims of the Covid disaster can be categorized as zakat asnaf

for the needy and poor.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

THE ROLE OF ZAKAT INSTITUTIONS IN SUPPORTING THE ECONOMY

DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

100

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Source: Semeru working paper 2020

In the research of Asep Suryahadi et al, that the impact of covid-19 will result in a

weakening of the economy. The impact of covid will result in a drastic increase in

poverty. The hypothesis generated in this study says that the impact of Covid has an

impact on decreasing economic growth by up to 4%. The same thing was conveyed that

1.3 million people will fall simultaneously in poverty. (Asep Suryahadi. Ridho Al Izzati,

2020).

4.1 Zakat-based Economic Solutions

Among the solutions that can be offered within the framework of the concept of zakat

in supporting the economy during the pandemic are:

a. First, the distribution of direct cash assistance from zakat, infaq and alms, both from

zakat collection units and from the community. Facing the current situation, it is not

only the government that is moving, the community is also expected to contribute

according to their respective abilities and conditions. In this context, it takes sacrifice

from the rich and the patience of the poor who are affected by the plague, on the basis

of love which is manifested in the form of human solidarity, where the more fortunate

people help those who are less fortunate (Linge 2015). One form, in the midst of the

Covid-19 pandemic, is to pay zakat, donations and alms. Especially for zakat that is

paid, the distribution can be focused on the poor directly affected by Covid-19, as

one who is entitled to receive it (mustahik).

This is an Islamic Economic philanthropic scheme that has great potential for the

economy of the community. But unfortunately, the realization of zakat that goes to

Baznas is still far from expectations. Realization of zakat at the end of 2018 was

recorded at only Rp. 8.1 trillion, even though the potential was Rp. 252 trillion.

(Azwar Iskandar 2020) said the importance of strengthening the campaign for

zakat, infaq and alms funds can be continued. Among the efforts that can be done

are:

1) Making the mosque the center of baitul maal for the surrounding community and

must be registered as a Zakat Collecting Unit (UPZ) under the coordination of

the Zakat Management Organization (OPZ). Even though the current mosques

are temporarily out of service, in this era of social media, mosque congregations

can still be moved by paying zakat online;

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review (AIFER)

Volume 6, No 2 (2021)

101

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

2) Literacy related to zakat calculation can be strengthened by the establishment of

Zakat Centers in mosques and campuses;

3) It is necessary to call for a massive national Solidarity Fund movement that can

be led directly by the President of the Republic of Indonesia which is supported

by all national mainstream media or official social media of the government and

society. If zakat involves two parties, namely the government or its

representatives, in this case amil zakat (Baznas), and compulsory zakat

(muzakki), then infaq and alms are more flexible, because they only come from

one party, namely the payer / donor of donations or alms. , so that collection and

distribution can be carried out more optimally for people affected by Covid-19.

b. Second, superior business capital assistance during the crisis. In the midst of a crisis,

many business sectors or Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are

struggling to survive. This business is often difficult to survive due to limited capital.

The existence of MSMEs as a non-muzakki group is a group that is very vulnerable

to falling into the abyss of poverty and bankruptcy due to shocks or economic shocks.

So that the number of mustahik can increase very sharply, while the number of

muzakki can continue to decrease significantly (Ascarya 2020).

The existence of micro, small and medium enterprises, especially traders in

traditional markets is a form of economic life for most Indonesians. This position has

placed traditional market traders as the main thing that needs attention, especially in

terms of capital. The process of developing traditional market traders is a

manifestation of economic development which has become very important. Efforts

to develop and strengthen the potential of traditional market traders as a strategic

economic group must be oriented towards empowerment, so that independent and

strong local economic actors are formed through Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs),

especially Islamic Microfinance Institutions (LKMS)

4.2 Conditions After ZISWAF Intervention

When a mustahik receives zakat has the ability to spend assets to meet their needs,

so the condition will cause the Demand curve to shift to the right from D0 to D1. On the

other hand, when a muzakki has assets, he is motivated to invest these assets into the real

sector so that the supply of goods and services will increase and the supply curve will

move to the right, from S0 to S1.

Figure 3. ZISWAF Intervention in Demand and Supply Curves

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

THE ROLE OF ZAKAT INSTITUTIONS IN SUPPORTING THE ECONOMY

DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

102

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Then, in the next period of zakat payment, mustahik still have the ability to spend

assets to meet their needs, so that the Demand curve will continue to shift to the right

from D1 to D2. This will continue. Likewise, the supply side will also move to the right,

from S1 to S2, and continue to move. In the end, the continuous movement of the demand

and supply side to the right will gradually increase GDP or GDP per capita which will

lead to welfare and prosperity (Ascaya, 2020)implemented

Figure 3. Final Economic Conditions with ZISWAF Intervention

In the end, if the programs areabove, especially direct cash assistance, zakat, infaq,

waqf, or CSR, both for the community and the business sector or MSMEs, can really be

encouraged, it is hoped that it will increase the aggregate demand and aggregate supply

to the right, followed by the development of an online market that is focus on MSMEs

that match supply and demand, so that the economic surplus is regenerated and helps

accelerate economic recovery.

4.3 Utilization of Zakat during the pandemic

This pandemic disaster has made social institutions such as zakat institutions,

including BAZNAS and other zakat institutions, to make quick steps and to respond to

the current pandemic disaster. Steps taken by BAZNAS, such as distributing zakat funds,

include assistance for Health Emergencies, Socio-Economic Emergencies, and the

Sustainability of the Existing Program. This distribution can be seen in the diagram

below:

Picture. 5 Zakat Utilization Diagram

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review (AIFER)

Volume 6, No 2 (2021)

103

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Figure: 6 Zakat Distribution Diagram

Source: BAZNAS 2020 Data

When viewed from the presentation of the data above, BAZNAS has distributed zakat

funds to three distribution sectors, namely, health emergencies, economic emergencies,

and the sustainability of the existing program, which is the total zakat fund distributed up

to Rp. 40,393,920,757 and 466,666 mustahik beneficiaries. This distribution program

only applies during the pandemic period, namely in April, May, and June 2020. For the

economic emergency response program, BAZNAS has distributed funds of Rp.

27,100,081,223 ,. for people whose businesses have been affected by covid-19, or

assistance for those informal and formal workers, employees who have been laid off. And

BAZNAS has also expanded the point of micro outlets for micro entrepreneur partners to

respond to the covid-19 pandemic in a number of areas. To distribute zakat funds to

mustahik, BAZNAS RI has grouped the beneficiaries during the Covid-19 pandemic, the

following are the clusters of the grouping of zakat recipients:

Table. 2 Clusters and targets of zakat recipients in handling covid-19

No Cluster Target Mustahik

1 Educators and da'wah Teachers / Honorary Lecturers, Ustadz, Teachers of

Koran, Khatibs, Lecturers, Marbot Mosques, etc.

2 Micro and small

businesses of

salons, barbers, food stalls Small, Mobile Traders,

Etc.

3 Informal Workers and

Informa

WorkersWorkers

Canteen Guards, Parking, Pedicabs, Opang,

Massagers, Household Assistants Who Go Round-

trip, Tenant Guards, OB, Angkot, Bajaj, Ojol,

Catering Employees, etc.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

THE ROLE OF ZAKAT INSTITUTIONS IN SUPPORTING THE ECONOMY

DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

104

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

4 Layoffs and

unemployment victims of

laid-off

Factory workers, etc.

Source: Baznas RI 2020 data in the journal Afifuddin Kadir, Miftahur Rahman Hakim,

Fahmi Syam, Murdiansah SA Karim.

The realization of the economic emergency program by BAZNAS RI was primarily

to meet basic needs, namely to maintain the resilience of the basic needs of the

community. Where the government has made policies regarding social distensing and the

imposition of large-scale social restrictions to break the chain of spreading the covid-19

virus. BAZNAS RI has also collaborated with daily workers such as online motorcycle

taxi drivers and others to cooperate with BAZNAS in carrying out environmental cleaning

such as spraying disinfectants in public areas and for this cooperation BAZNAS provides

wages to them. BAZNAS has also realized an economic emergency program by

prioritizing zakat fitrah funds for those families affected by Covid-19. And Baznas also

provides direct assistance to people in need in order to maintain their purchasing power

during this pandemic. (BAZNAS, 2020).

5. CONCLUSION

a. As a country with the largest Muslim majority population, Indonesia has great

potential in overcoming the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic with zakat.

The concept of zakat that can be used to support the community's economy is, 1) by

distributing direct cash assistance from zakat, donations and alms; 2). through

superior business capital assistance for the business sector or Micro, Small and

Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).

b. The utilization of zakat includes collecting and distributing social funds such as zakat

management organizations BAZNAS and LAZ for handling covid-19 during this

pandemic, but it needs to be continuously improved so that it can support the

economy of the people affected by Covid-19.

References

Abdullahi, Shafiu Ibrahim. 2018. Zakah as tool for social cause marketing and corporate

charity: a conceptual study. Journal of Islamic Marketing. 25 July.

AbulHasan M. Sadeq, (1996), "Ethico-Economic Institution of Zakah: An Instrument of

Self-Reliance and Sustainable Grassroot Development", Humanomics, Vol. 12 Iss 2

pp. 47 - 69.

Aji, Hendy Mustiko. Albari Albari, Muchsin Muthohar, Sumadi Sumadi, Murwanto Sigit,

Istyakara Muslichah and Anas Hidayat. 2020. Investigating the determinants of

online infaq intention during the COVID-19 pandemic: an insight from Indonesia.

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. 26 September.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review (AIFER)

Volume 6, No 2 (2021)

105

Published by AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review

This is an open access article under the CC BY SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Ardiani, Ninda., Sri Herianingrum. 2018. Efficiency Performance of Dompet Dhuafa

Zakat Institutions: Using Data Envelopment Analysis Approach. d International

Conference Postgraduate School (ICPS 2018), pages 60-64.

Ascarya. (2020). The Role of Islamic Social Finance in Times of Covid-19 Outbreak.

PEBS-UI. h. 29-30

Asep Suryahadi. Ridho Al Izzati. Daniel Suryadarma. 2020. The Impact of COVID-19

Outbreak on Poverty: An Estimation for Indonesia. Jakarta: SMERU Research

Institute.

Azwar. Islamic Economic and Financial Solutions during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/artikel-dan-opini/solusi-ekonomi-dan-

keuangan-islam-saat-pandemi-covid-19/. Accessed on January 6, 2021.

National Zakat Agency. (2020). BAZNAS Report in Handling the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Jakarta: Puskas BAZNAS.

Baldwin, R., Mauro, BWD (2020). Economics in the Time of Covid-19. NEW E-BOOK.

The Graduate Institute Geneva. p. 1-10.

Bin-Nashwan, Saeed Awadh. Hijattulah Abdul-Jabbar and Saliza Abdul Aziz. Adel

Sarea. 2020. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting. 22 October.

Didin Hafidhuddin. 2002. Zakat in the Modern Economy. Jakarta: Echo of Insani.

Hudaefi, Fahmi Ali. Irfan Syauqi Beik. 2020. Digital zakah campaign in time of Covid-

19 pandemic in Indonesia: a netnographic study. Journal of Islamic Marketing.

November 09.

Iskandar, Azwar., Bayu Taufiq Possumah., Khaerul Aqbar. (2020). eran of Islamic Social

Economy and Finance During the Covid-19 Pandemic. REGARDS; Syarif

Hidayatullah Islamic State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Social &

Cultural Journal. Vol. 7 No. 7, pp. 625-638,

Kadir, Afifuddin. Miftahur Rahman Hakim., Fahmi Syam, Murdiansah SA Karim.

(2020). USE OF ZAKAT FUNDS ON VICTIMS OF COVID-19 SHARIA

MAQASHID PERSPECTIVE. Al-Tafaqquh: Journal of Islamic Law, Faculty of

Islamic Studies, UMI. Volume 1 Number 2 July.

World Bank. (2020). World Bank Group and COVID-19 (coronavirus).

https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/news/coronavirus-covid19. Retrieved

January 6, 2021.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/