[{"id": "ahmr-1024", "words": "10633", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Kandilige, Leander; Yeboah, Thomas; Abutima, Theophilus Kwabena", "title": "Citizenship, Belonging and Crisis-Induced Returns of Ghanaian Migrants from Cote d\u2019Ivoire", "date": "2022", "keywords": "african; belonging; citizenship; conflict; country; crisis; c\u00f4te; c\u00f4te d\u2019ivoire; d\u2019ivoire; experiences; ghana; human; integration; ivorian; migrants; migration; national; research; return", "summary": "They included: 4 government authorities (A), 2 intergovernmental organizations (I), 1 civil society organization (C), 1 private sector actor (E), 9 return migrants (M), and 5 family members of return migrants (F). Return migrants were selected based on their experience of crises in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire in 2002\u20132003 or 2010\u2013 2011, subsequent evacuation and return to their country of origin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1026", "words": "8600", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Olaoluwa Faboye, Samson", "title": "Examining Nigeria\u2019s Digital Identity Project as Tool for Economic Inclusion and Regional Integration", "date": "2022", "keywords": "african; agreement; citizenship; countries; economic; european; free; government; identity; inclusion; integration; member; movement; national; nigeria; rights; schengen; state", "summary": "Globalization and neoliberalism have evoked a new category of citizenship identity in transnational or global citizenship. Citizenship identity and social inequality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1071", "words": "8876", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Machinya, Johannes", "title": "Migration and Politics in South Africa: Mainstreaming Anti-immigrant Populist Practice", "date": "2022", "keywords": "africa; country; crisis; discourse; foreigners; immigration; leaders; mashaba; nationals; people; politics; populist; south; south africa; xenophobia", "summary": "Before examining the mainstreaming of anti-immigrant populist discourse and how this is performed by political leaders, I provide a note on methodology as well as some explanations to the persistence of xenophobia in post-apartheid South Africa. In this regard, Chipkin (2007) notes that the removal of race as a core determinant of citizenship in post-apartheid South Africa opened a complex question of \u201cwho are the people\u201d that should be served by the democratic dispensation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1075", "words": "9371", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Kyei-Gyamfi, Sylvester", "title": "Fish-for-Sex (FFS) and risk of HIV Infection among Fishers in Elmina Fishing Community in Ghana", "date": "2022", "keywords": "elmina; female; ffs; fish; fishers; fishing; ghana; hiv; percent; power; risk; sex; study; traders; use; women", "summary": "For this reason, female fish traders are sometimes compelled to look for sex partners among male fishers at fishing destinations. Female fish traders who lack trading capital are the victims of FFS in many fishing communities, at the hands of male fishers who demand sex before supplying fish (Kwena et al., 2013).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1078", "words": "11208", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Zeleke, Meron", "title": "\u2018Metema became my Istanbul\u2019 : The Complex Transit Trajectories of Ethiopian Female Migrants ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "border; djibouti; ethiopia; experiences; factors; informants; metema; migrants; migration; mobility; paper; study; sudan; trajectories; transit; transit migrants; transit migration", "summary": "No 1, JAN-APR 2022 the factors that affect the decision-making of transit migrants in rerouting their migratory routes, the primary question is: What are the different factors informing the decision of Ethiopian female transit migrants to reroute their migratory pathways from Djibouti to Sudan? Accordingly, most prior research adopts a snapshot approach to examine the lived experiences of transit migrants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1082", "words": "13887", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Derek Yu", "title": "The Impact of International Migration on Skills Supply and Demand in South Africa", "date": "2022", "keywords": "africa; canada; census; countries; country; data; demand; human; immigrants; international; labor; market; migration; natives; new; people; review; skills; south; south africa; statistics; table; years", "summary": "The Documented Migration data released by Statistics South Africa (StatsSA, 2004) found that, between 1940 and 2003, a total of 1.25 million people immigrated to South Africa, whereas 0.61 million South Africans left the country, resulting in a net gain of 0.64 million people. Statistics South Africa (StatsSA).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1090", "words": "9192", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Anyanzu, Francis; DeWet-Billings, Nicole", "title": "Destination Substitution and Social Networks among Urban Refugees in Kampala, Uganda", "date": "2022", "keywords": "african; areas; cities; countries; destination; journal; kampala; migration; networks; refugees; review; settlement; social; studies; study; substitution; uganda", "summary": "A generalized simulation development approach for predicting refugee destinations. The sociology of refugee migration in the Arab world.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1092", "words": "11807", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Quarshie, Emmanuel ; Alagidede, Imhotep Paul ; Duodu, Albert ; Sosi, Edwin Teye ", "title": "Moonlighting Behaviour among Migrants: Determinants and Implication For Wellbeing in South Africa", "date": "2022", "keywords": "africa; economics; education; effect; hours; income; individual; job; labor; leisure; migrants; migration; model; moonlighting; south; time; wellbeing; work", "summary": "Labor migration from Ukraine: Key features, drivers and impact. The new economics of labor migration and the role of remittances in the migration process.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1119", "words": "1087", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Tevera, Daniel ", "title": "Expanding Boundaries: Borders, Mobilities and the Future of Europe-Africa Relations", "date": "2022", "keywords": "african; chapter; migrants; migration", "summary": "In chapter two Anna Moraczewska contends that the externalization of EU border management is essentially an attempt to broaden the spatial reach of the Union beyond its territory in order to manage African migration flows to the EU. In chapter four Rodrigo Lacy and Henk van Houtum show that the \u201cauthoritarian turn\u201d in the EU\u2019s bordering policies has resulted in many deaths of African migrants along the Mediterranean frontier.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1120", "words": "829", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "30", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "discourse; migrants; research", "summary": "The author examined several political players and conducted a critical discourse analysis in terms of anti-immigrant rhetoric, identifying crucial trends in how political actors mediated immigration discourse. The author underlines the need of taking a diachronic approach when studying transit migration paths, given that the transit experience is not always tied to a certain location and time, as evidenced by the experiences of Ethiopian female migrants reported in this research.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1121", "words": "898", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "research; south; women", "summary": "The first article by Victoria M. Mutambara and Maheshvari Naidu entitled \u201cProbing the Context of Vulnerability: Zimbabwean Migrant Women\u2019s Experiences of Accessing Public Health Care in South Africa\u201d, employs a structural-violence analysis to probe the underlying factors that make it challenging for Zimbabwean migrant women to access public health-care services in South Africa. This research is based on a qualitative study and evokes an understanding of the context of the vulnerability of Zimbabwean migrant women when they are accessing the public health-care system in South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1122", "words": "1074", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "african; human; study; trafficking", "summary": "Professor Tevera is a Human Geographer with a wide range of teaching and research experience in the area of migration studies. Professor Mulugeta F. Dinbabo Editor-in-Chief, African Human Mobility Review (AHMR)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1124", "words": "8635", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Sithole, Sean", "title": "Migrant Networks, Food Remittances and Zimbabweans in Cape Town: A Social Media Perspective", "date": "2023", "keywords": "cape; capital; channels; family; food; food remittances; information; media; migrants; migration; networks; remittances; zimbabwe", "summary": "Figure 1: Social media and choice of channels Source: Author\u2019s field survey, 2020 Also, the findings confirmed that social media plays a central role as a pathway to remitting food. Another participant (Participant 1, 28 April 2020, Claremont) explained how social media facilitates interactions, information flow, and the purchase of proposed food items to remit: Social media enables individuals to communicate via WhatsApp even, you know, engaging and making purchases.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1125", "words": "12138", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Beninger, Christina; Manjoo, Rashida", "title": "The Impact of Gender Discrimination on Statelessness: Causes, Consequences and Legal Responses", "date": "2023", "keywords": "african; article; children; cit; discrimination; gender; gender discrimination; human; laws; nationality; nationality laws; nationality rights; note; rights; statelessness; women", "summary": "In addition, nationality laws that discriminate against a group of people, on the basis of race, ethnicity, or religion, can directly cause statelessness through the mass denial of nationality rights. While not exhaustive, the analysis in this section indicates that there is growing attention to gender discrimination in statelessness law and policy in Southern Africa, and notable progress in some areas, such as the reform of gender discriminatory nationality laws.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1129", "words": "8375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Mbiyozo, Aimee-Noel", "title": "The Role of Colonialism in Creating and Perpetuating Statelessness in Southern Africa", "date": "2023", "keywords": "africa; birth; children; citizenship; colonial; colonialism; countries; country; human; madagascar; migration; nationality; people; rights; southern; statelessness; zimbabwe", "summary": "Keywords: xenophobia, migration, native, settler, Madagascar, Zimbabwe, South Africa, nationalism, exclusion The Role of Colonialism in Creating and Perpetuating Statelessness in Southern Africa ____________________ * Institute for Security Studies, South Africa. \uf02a 33Mkhululi Chimoio \u2018COVID-19: Vaccinating stateless people in South Africa\u2019 Africa Renewal (21 January 2022), available at www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/february-2022/covid-19-vaccinating-stateless-people-south-africa The Role of Colonialism in Creating and Perpetuating Statelessness in Southern Africa 92", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1131", "words": "9701", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "d'Orsi, Cristiano", "title": "One Step Forward, Half Step Back: the Still Long Way to Go to End Statelessness in Madagascar", "date": "2023", "keywords": "article; citizenship; code; discrimination; human; june; karana; law; madagascar; malagasy; nationality; people; rights; statelessness; women", "summary": "Modifications were about the acquisition of nationality, extending to two years the term by which the government can oppose the acquisition of Malagasy nationality by marriage, introducing reasons of indignity and physical or mental incapacity (Republic of Madagascar, 1961). Among the proposed solutions to end the stateless conditions of the Karana people, Pirbay (2007: 284) proposes that if Malagasy authorities hesitate to confer Malagasy nationality to Karana children, India should then intervene, having the \u201cmoral obligation\u201d to protect its stateless children in Madagascar, as a simple gesture of \u201cbasic humanity.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1132", "words": "6892", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Owigo, Jacqueline", "title": "Returnees and the Dilemmas of (Un)sustainable Return and Reintegration in Somalia", "date": "2022", "keywords": "country; international; kenya; migrate; migration; refugees; reintegration; repatriation; research; return; returnees; somalia; unhcr", "summary": "Drawing from the literature on aspiration, return, and reintegration, this Returnees and the Dilemmas of (Un)sustainable Return and Reintegration in Somalia 124 AHMR African Human Mobility Review - Volume 8 No 2, MAY-AUG 2022 article aims to advance the theoretical discussions around refugee returns and to contribute to the empirical research on Somali refugees. The next section presents the theoretical discussion \u2013 including an exposition of key concepts \u2013 with a focus on the literature on refugee returns, reintegration, and aspirations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1134", "words": "18081", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Jahnig, Michaela; Ndimurwimo, Leah", "title": "The Impact of Climate Change in the Southern African Region and Statelessness", "date": "2023", "keywords": "act; african; children; citizenship; climate change; displacement; human; nationality; persons; protection; refugee; region; rights; section; south; south africa; southern; stateless persons; statelessness; states; tanzania", "summary": "This implies that displaced persons, who have become stateless persons, must wait for at least ten years, to apply for a new nationality. No 3, SEP-DEC 2022 Regulations thereto, make no mention of stateless persons and how to admit or assist such persons.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1135", "words": "7491", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Warria, Ajwang'; Chikadzi, Victor", "title": "Statelessness, Trauma and Mental Wellbeing: Implications for Practice, Research, and Advocacy", "date": "2023", "keywords": "andrew; children; cit; citizenship; health; human; nationality; note; persons; rights; stateless; statelessness; trauma", "summary": "There is a dearth of research and limited literature examining the mental health implications for stateless persons and their exposure to multiple and ongoing rights violations. Service providers working with stateless persons should be aware of the impact of statelessness on mental health and should refer cases to mental health and psychosocial practitioners who can provide services that reduce socio-emotional distress while strengthening resilience and coping strategies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1149", "words": "8471", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Khan, Fatima", "title": "Challenging the Practice of Administrative Detention for Stateless Persons in South Africa", "date": "2023", "keywords": "administrative; africa; detention; human; immigration; rights; section; south; south africa; stateless; stateless persons; statelessness; status", "summary": "V. CHALLENGING THE IMMIGRATION DETENTION OF STATELESS PERSONS IN SOUTH AFRICA Determining whether there are grounds for release for stateless persons in immigration detention is indeed a difficult task in the absence of their recognition as such in terms of South African law. This requires the detained person to have at the very least, access to a lawyer, a remedy, an independent adjudicator and all the elements of a fair trial as embodied in section 34 of the Constitution.73 Katia Bianchini, in her paper on identifying the stateless in immigration detention, adopted an access to justice lens to explore aspects and legal challenges of the statelessness determination\u2013immigration detention nexus in the United Kingdom.74 In her study, she found that despite the adoption of a national statelessness determination procedure, stateless persons in immigration detention still experience a plethora of problems.75 This is especially so, she states, where those in immigration detention who are stateless are generally not acknowledged as such due to gaps in the legal framework.76", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1151", "words": "8050", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "26", "author": "Badewa, Adeyemi Saheed", "title": "Statelessness, Development, and Protection of \u2018Disadvantaged Groups\u2019: Bridging the Post-2030 Sustainable Development Gaps", "date": "2023", "keywords": "african; cit; development; discrimination; groups; human; international; nationality; note; persons; protection; rights; sdgs; stateless persons; statelessness; unhcr", "summary": "Accordingly, a lack of nationality should not constitute a barrier to human rights protection or equal access to development. Keywords: statelessness, development, vulnerability, SDGs, human rights, inclusion ____________________ * University of Pittsburgh, United States.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1155", "words": "7309", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Muchindu, Mazuba", "title": "Statelessness in Protracted Refugee Situations: Former Angolan and Rwandan Refugees in Zambia", "date": "2023", "keywords": "citizenship; country; integration; note; refugees; risk; situations; statelessness; zambia", "summary": "The Zambian government should consider registering undocumented refugees in protracted refugee situations, including a possibility of access to naturalisation without imposing procedural requirements that are impossible to fulfil.64 Given the difficulty that former refugees in protracted situations face, as outlined in this paper, as well as the precarity of their situation regarding their nationality, there is need for increased attention on statelessness as one of the risks associated with protracted refugee situations, among both academics and practitioners. For instance, in Zambia refugees whose status has ceased are required to provide a national registration card and passport to be considered for local integration.6 With these documents, refugees, can get residence permits, employment permits, business permits and other permits.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1157", "words": "765", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Tevera, Daniel ", "title": "Citizen and Pariah", "date": "2022", "keywords": "book; gastrow", "summary": "Drawing from narratives emerging from qualitative research, Part 1, which consists of eight chapters that provide rich personal migration experiences of Somali immigrant entrepreneurs, explores the theme, arrival and reception. Part 2, on regulation and containment, consists of eleven chapters that provide nuanced analyses of the survival strategies employed by Somali entrepreneurs to remain viable in an environment that is generally hostile to African migrant entrepreneurship.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1158", "words": "9534", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Nyika, Farai; Shepherd , Debra", "title": "Impact of Migration on Non-Migrant School Completion Rates and Enrolment in South Africa", "date": "2023", "keywords": "africa; children; completion; education; effects; enrollment; labor; migrant; migration; non; population; rates; school; share; south; south africa; years", "summary": "Hunt (2017) studied the effects of immigration on non-migrant secondary school and her results differed, depending on gender and race. Thus, non-migrant school completion may increase in response, preventing wages from falling (Hunt, 2017).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1160", "words": "974", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "article; skills; south; study", "summary": "The book clearly indicates that foreign shopkeepers with business interests in urban spaces have been victims of xenophobic attacks in most parts of South Africa. The first article by Derek Yu is entitled \u201cThe Impact of International Migration on Skills Supply and Demand in South Africa\u201d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1168", "words": "10458", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Okbandrias, Meron", "title": "Protection of the Rights of Ethiopian and DRC Refugees and Asylum Seekers: Examining the Role of South African NGOs (2005\u20132017)", "date": "2023", "keywords": "access; africa; asylum; asylum seekers; case; government; july; ngos; protection; refugees; respondents; rights; role; seekers; services; society; south; south africa; state", "summary": "Defenders of refugees and asylum seekers against exclusionary policies mostly invoke liberal universalist arguments to defend refugee rights. LHR focuses on advocacy and engagement and serves as a last-resort litigation to protect refugee rights; it has a track record in establishing jurisprudence in refugee law in South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1173", "words": "9970", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Maviza, Gracsious; N\u00fa\u00f1ez Carrasco, Lorena", "title": "Mobility, Gender, and Experiences of Familyhood Among Migrant Families in Tsholotsho, Zimbabwe", "date": "2023", "keywords": "africa; experiences; families; family; familyhood; gender; johannesburg; life; members; men; migrant; migration; mobility; new; south; studies; tsholotsho; women; zimbabwe", "summary": "In post-independence Zimbabwe, when mobility restrictions were lifted and the black majority gained the \u201cright to the city,\u201d rural-urban migration increased due to the shift toward family migration and independent migration of women in search of employment in the urban centers where economic activities were concentrated (Potts and Mutambirwa, 1990; Potts, 2010). Through the family histories method, we generated novel data that shows how family accounts transcend normative boundaries of familyhood and how they change in time and across place, which, we argue, are required to understand migrant families.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1204", "words": "9403", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Alabi, Tunde; Olajide, Bamidele", "title": "Who Wants to Go Where? Regional Variations in Emigration Intention in Nigeria", "date": "2023", "keywords": "2022; country; data; education; emigration intention; et al; level; nigeria; north; people; respondents; south; study; tolerance", "summary": "In the absence of accurate data on the rate of actual emigration, this study investigated emigration intention in Nigeria, and how it varies between northern and southern Nigeria \u2013 two regions with perennial sociocultural differences that have been neglected in migration research. At the multivariate level, the study found that living in the south, being educated, using the internet frequently, having tolerance for homosexuals, and participating in politics increased the likelihood of emigration intention.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1242", "words": "10032", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Oshodi, Abdul-Gafar", "title": "Framing Chinese Treatment of Africans in Guangzhou: A Study of Nigerian and Ghanaian Online Newspapers ", "date": "2023", "keywords": "african; april; august; china; chinese; episode; framing; graphic; guangzhou; guangzhou episode; guardian; media; migrants; newspapers; nigerian; reports; treatment", "summary": "New directions in the study of Africa\u2013China media and communications engagements. On the one hand, Chinese media aiming to fight off the negative reports countered the narrative of maltreatment of Africans and called out the United States and Western media for polluting Africa-China relations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1289", "words": "8764", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Wang, Wei", "title": "South-South Cross-Border Marriage Between Chinese Men and Ethiopian Women", "date": "2023", "keywords": "china; chinese; connections; ethiopian; family; global; marriage; men; migration; power; press; south; spouses; studies; university; women", "summary": "THEORIZING THE UNIQUENESS OF SINO-ETHIOPIAN CROSS-BORDER MARRIAGE Most studies of cross-border marriage are variable-oriented, and their scholarship has been dominantly micro-focused with highly descriptive and vaguely defined conceptual tools. Based on an eight-month multi-sited ethnography in Ethiopia and China, I identified an unusual conjuncture of global forces, connections, and imaginations that facilitated cross-border marriages between Chinese men and local women in Ethiopia, which should be considered a novel ideal type.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1317", "words": "9134", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Jiang, Qiuyu", "title": "Faith-Based Business Ethics Among African Muslim Small-Scale Businessowners in Guangzhou, China", "date": "2023", "keywords": "africans; article; business; business ethics; business owners; china; chinese; ethics; goods; guangzhou; migrants; muslim; owners; religion; scale; traders", "summary": "This article concludes that there is no universal, standard code of conduct among African Muslim business owners in Guangzhou. Therefore, African Muslim business owners in Guangzhou have developed some informal mechanisms to maintain and enforce their ethical norms: in particular, mosques, co-ethnic (native-place) networks, business associations, and social networks (word of mouth).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1320", "words": "9273", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Makanda, Joseph", "title": "South Africa\u2019s Involvement in Counterinsurgency in Cabo Delgado: The Inclusion of the Views of Mozambican Migrants as an Alternative People-Centric Approach", "date": "2023", "keywords": "2022; africa; cabo; cabo delgado; counterinsurgency; delgado; migrants; migration; military; mozambicans; mozambique; paper; region; role; south; south africa; studies; terrorism", "summary": "The migration of Mozambicans to South Africa date from the colonial period, based in contract between the Portuguese and the then government of South Africa for workers to South African mining. For example, Statistics South Africa (2021)6 estimates that there were about 3.95 million migrants in South Africa in mid-2021.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1326", "words": "10034", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Adebayo, Kudus Oluwatoyin", "title": "Deportability, Deportation and Nigerian 'Deportspora' in China", "date": "2023", "keywords": "african; china; chinese; community; deportability; deportation; deportspora; experience; guangzhou; life; male; migrants; migration; nigerian; state; studies; visa", "summary": "No 2, MAY-AUG 2023 CONCLUSION Deportability and deportation shape community life in the Nigerian community in Guangzhou. More than filling a critical gap in African deportation research, the context Deportability, Deportation, and Nigerian \u201cDeportspora\u201d in China 82 AHMR African Human Mobility Review - Volume 9", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1332", "words": "10479", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Ampah, Geraldine Asiwome; Kandilige, Leander", "title": "Gaps and Challenges in Ghana\u2019s Implementation of the Mechanisms for Cooperation and Referral of Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Victims", "date": "2023", "keywords": "accra; challenges; children; cooperation; gaps; ghana; government; human; implementation; mechanisms; national; persons; police; review; tip; trafficking; victims", "summary": "Child trafficking victims come from impoverished backgrounds, and they are young children between the ages of 5 and 16 (ECOWAS, 2018). The government did not expend funds allocated to the HTF to address the lack of sufficient protection services for adult male and child trafficking victims, and it did not take steps to improve protections for Ghanaian migrant workers before departing and while abroad, particularly to the Gulf States.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1333", "words": "7286", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Hodzi, Obert; Amoah, Padmore Adusei", "title": "Higher Education as \u2018Strategic Power\u2019? An Assessment of China-Africa Higher Education Partnerships and Collaborations ", "date": "2023", "keywords": "africa; china; chinese; cooperation; countries; development; education; global; internationalization; mobility; partnerships; south; students; universities", "summary": "Therefore, instead of China\u2013Africa higher education cooperation challenging the Western- and Euro-centric perspectives, it exposes the asymmetrical power dynamics between \u201cSouth\u2013South\u201d countries like China and different African countries \u2013 where China is the producer of knowledge and expertise consumed by African countries. It sets out proposals for advancing debates to the micro- levels within the broader discourse on higher education internationalization in the context of South\u2013South Cooperation (SSC).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1444", "words": "1068", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Tevera, Prof Daniel", "title": "Migration in Southern Africa", "date": "2023", "keywords": "africa; chapter; migration; south", "summary": "In chapter four, Samukele Hadebe argues that although South Africa remains the migrant destination of choice in Southern Africa, a combination of factors, including restrictive legislation, Migration in Southern Africa 8 AHMR African Human Mobility Review - Volume 9 No 1, JAN-APR 2023 xenophobic violence, coupled with high unemployment and crime rates, are making the country a less attractive destination for some migrant groups. Migration in Southern Africa Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, 270 pages IMISCOE Research Series ISSN 2364-4087 ISSN 2364-4095 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-030-92113-2 ISBN 978-3-030-92114-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92114-9 Migration in Southern Africa is the title of the book edited by Pragna Rugunanan and Nomkhosi Xulu-Gama, whose stated aim is to facilitate migration studies through an Africanist contextual framework that aims to disrupt easy explanations for the migrant and refugee crises experienced in the region.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1445", "words": "1114", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Dinbabo, Prof Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2023", "keywords": "africa; migration; research; study", "summary": "AHMR is served by a very competent Editorial Board along with a network of scholars from all around the world and with an interdisciplinary field of study helping to secure high quality, originality, and utility of the contributions toward evidence-based policymaking. This study also suggests that the South African government should improve the quality of secondary- school education in both rural and urban areas and increase study loans for students at tertiary institutions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1583", "words": "9393", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Machacha, Mandipa", "title": "Realising the Right to Dignity of Zimbabwean Migrant Women in Botswana: A Practical Approach", "date": "2023", "keywords": "access; african; botswana; convention; dignity; discrimination; gender; health; international; migrants; migration; right; women; zimbabwean", "summary": "The court stated that protection of dignity is the foundation of all other rights, and the state has a duty to promote human rights, tolerance, acceptance, and diversity. Migrants must be treated with dignity and respect for human rights, UN expert says.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1593", "words": "6924", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "A Sathiya Susuman; Sithole, Knowledge", "title": "Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Crime Among International Migrants in South Africa", "date": "2024", "keywords": "africa; crime; education; employment; factors; international; migrants; rates; south; south africa; status; study", "summary": "This study explores the impact of socio-economic factors on crime rates by international migrants in South Africa from 2012 to 2017. The study\u2019s findings revealed that unemployment has an impact on migrants and crime rates in South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1665", "words": "9558", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Semambo Sempebwa, Christine", "title": "Higher Education Policy and Access for South Sudanese from Bidi Bidi, Uganda", "date": "2023", "keywords": "access; bidi; bidi bidi; education; education policy; formulation; implementation; national; policy; refugees; resilience; south; students; study; sudanese; support; uganda; unhcr", "summary": "The researcher collected data from 27 participants \u2013 12 undergraduates from two private Ugandan universities, 13 government and non-governmental organization (NGO) officials, two officials from public and private universities \u2013 all involved in refugee education. In this regard, Maringe et al. (2017) and Tamrat and Habtemariam (2020) call for future research on refugee HE in Africa, citing the relative absence of similar studies regarding various aspects of refugee education in general, and HE in particular.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1667", "words": "9424", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Hungwe, Chipo; Mugari, Zvenyika", "title": "\u201cLet Them Stay There\u201d: COVID-19 and Zimbabwe\u2019s Indignation Against Return Migrants and Travelers", "date": "2024", "keywords": "2022; african; countries; country; covid-19; disease; government; health; indignation; international; migrants; migration; pandemic; quarantine; return; return migrants; returnees; travelers; virus; zimbabwe", "summary": "Abstract This paper explains the indignation against and stigmatization of return migrants and travelers when Zimbabwe first recorded cases of COVID-19 in 2020. Perceived resource competition, resource scarcity, anxiety, and fear heightened the stigmatization of return migrants and travelers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1668", "words": "4401", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Olakpe, Oreva; Triandafyllidou, Anna", "title": "Migrations Between Africa and China: A Decentered Approach", "date": "2023", "keywords": "african; china; chinese; flows; international; mathews; migrants; migration; research", "summary": "These studies have framed African migration to China as an expression of a \u201clow-end\u201d globalization process that happens informally, at the fringes of the world economy and which is to be contrasted to the \u201chigh-end\u201d globalization of large corporations, transnational flows of capitals and goods, and formal international trade. African migration to China has emerged also in the early years of the twenty-first century as China became a new destination for workers and traders (Bodomo and Ma, 2010).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1719", "words": "10162", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Vanyoro, Kudakwashe; Maple, Nicholas; Vearey, Jo", "title": "Compatible Compacts? The \u201cSocial Life\u201d of Vulnerability, Migration Governance, and Protection at the Zimbabwe\u2013South Africa Border", "date": "2024", "keywords": "africa; assistance; border; compacts; gcm; global; governance; life; migrants; migration; musina; protection; refugees; south; unhcr; vulnerability", "summary": "This means that while the condition of refugee vulnerability presents protection needs, it is also conceived \u201cas a condition best avoided,\u201d which also turns it into a problem or a \u201cburden\u201d that must be 61 minimized, such that the best way to contain its fecundity is \u201cthrough various forms of securitization\u201d (Cole, 2016: 264). Those in the Campbell shacks lived in congested and unsanitary conditions, which created other vulnerabilities related to health and education.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-1737", "words": "8102", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Makandwa, Tackson", "title": "RETRACTED: Spaces, Places, and Migration: Understanding and Strengthening Public Health-Care Provision in South Africa", "date": "2024", "keywords": "africa; border; care; clinic; facility; health; migrants; migration; mobility; patients; people; place; south; south africa; urban", "summary": "In line with the WHA resolution, access to health care in South Africa is constitutionally mandated for all, including migrants, regardless of their documentation status (Sprague, 2010; The 1996 South African Constitution, as interpreted within the National Health Act (2003), guarantees rights to access health care for everyone in South Africa and also provides for the right to dispute resolution (Makandwa and Vearey, 2017).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2009", "words": "1389", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Tevera, Daniel", "title": "Migration in West Africa", "date": "2023", "keywords": "africa; chapter; migrants; migration; west", "summary": "The three chapters in Part III focus on labor migration, diaspora, and development. In Chapter 8, Olayinka Akanle and Olayinka Damilola Ola-Lawson contribute to the debates on the link between labor migration and socio-economic development in Nigeria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2010", "words": "850", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "F. Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2023", "keywords": "migration; refugees; study", "summary": "Through the presentation of micro-empirical case studies from several nations, it offers thorough information on a number of topics pertaining to the migration- development nexus in West Africa, including environmental displacement, return migration, and remittances. The author argues that, to create an environment in which the basic needs of migrant women are met, an effective provision of services and strong policies to address the root causes of discrimination and violence against migrant women are of fundamental importance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2012", "words": "8586", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Zanker, Franzisca", "title": "\u201cWhen There is No Migration, the Whole Region Has a Problem\u201d: The Political Priorities of Migration Policies in West Africa", "date": "2024", "keywords": "africa; countries; development; diaspora; european; governance; interests; migration; migration governance; mobility; nigeria; policies; policy; priorities; refugees; region; senegal; west", "summary": "The NPF aimed to create more tailored approaches through migration compacts, including migration policies addressing areas like aid, trade, energy, and security. By showing the political capital related to migration policies varied, even in this year of massive EU interest in irregular migration, showcases the agency of Global South states in prioritizing their own interests when it comes to migration policymaking and that mobility speaks to a whole range of interests that go far beyond those making their way to Europe.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2022", "words": "6381", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Kandilige, Leander; Ampah, Geraldine Asiwome; Abutima, Theophilus Kwabena", "title": "Migration and the Constant Search for Self-Improvement in Africa", "date": "2024", "keywords": "africa; countries; development; diaspora; ghana; improvement; labor; migrants; migration; origin; remittances; return; review; self; skills", "summary": "Regarding migration, we focus on the totality of African migration, which includes both intra- and inter-continental migration. African migration: Trends, patterns, drivers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2056", "words": "8541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Maviza, Gracsious; Nzima, Divane", "title": "Dynamics of Protection in a Shrinking Economy: A Peak into Zimbabwe\u2019s Refugee Regime", "date": "2024", "keywords": "2022; countries; country; covid-19; crush; economy; informant; mhlanga; partners; protection; refugees; services; shrinking; state; study; unhcr; zimbabwe", "summary": "In refugee protection, the encampment policy refers to a system where host countries accommodate refugees in refugee camps where there is little to no integration with host communities. There are limited studies that focus on the dynamics of refugee protection in resource-constrained countries like Zimbabwe, often characterized as being only immigrant-sending countries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2149", "words": "2195", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Tevera, Daniel", "title": "The Palgrave Handbook of South\u2013South Migration and Inequality", "date": "2024", "keywords": "chapter; inequalities; inequality; migrants; migration; mobility; south; south migration", "summary": "In Chapter 17, Giulia Casentini, Laura Hammond, and Oliver Bakewell unpack the relationship between migration, poverty, and income inequality by focusing on migration dynamics in the Burkina Faso\u2013C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ethiopia\u2013South Africa, and Ghana\u2013China migration corridors. In Chapter 6, Kudakwashe Vanyoro challenges Global South migration researchers to frame their studies in ways that value and appropriately recognize their lived experiences.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2192", "words": "1338", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2024", "keywords": "africa; migration; south; study", "summary": "This study also obtained data from secondary sources, notably from the 2019 Statistics South Africa report on labour market outcomes of migrant populations in South Africa, as well as the 2017 South African Police Annual Crime Report. The first article by Sathiya Susuman and Knowledge Sithole is entitled \u201cInfluence of Socio-Economic Factors on Crime among International Migrants in South Africa.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2211", "words": "10747", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Mvundura, Learnmore", "title": "Institutionalizing Anti-Migrant Discourse in Public Healthcare: An Analysis of Medical Xenophobia against Zimbabwean Migrant Women in Johannesburg", "date": "2024", "keywords": "africa; crush; discourse; foucault; healthcare; media; migrant; migration; power; public; services; south; south africa; system; women; xenophobia; zimbabwean", "summary": "Like studies before it, this paper observes medical xenophobia and relying on Foucault\u2019s disciplinary power as a conceptual tool, it argues that the utterances by some public healthcare professionals are indeed unabridged rearticulations of the normalized anti- migrant discourse in various sites bearing anti-migrant discourse. The casual references to Operation Dudula, an anti-migrant group known for crude and violent attacks against African migrants (Masweneng, 2022; Nhemachena et al., 2022) directly locates some of the nurses\u2019 utterances in the discourse of anti- migrant formations that popularize anti-migrant discourse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2240", "words": "10791", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Chekero, Tamuka; Bhanye, Johannes; Mushonga, Rufaro Hamish; Nyamwanza, Owen", "title": "Navigating Passports and Borders: The Complex Realities of Zimbabwean Migrants in South Africa", "date": "2025", "keywords": "africa; border; challenges; conviviality; experiences; footedness; hushamwari; intermediaries; migrants; migration; mobility; networks; participants; passport; process; south; south africa; strategies; study; zimbabwean", "summary": "This study addresses a crucial gap in the literature by focusing on the complex and often underexplored challenges faced by Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa in acquiring and maintaining valid passports and other essential documents. The intersection of nimble-footedness, conviviality, and hushamwari offers a holistic view of how Zimbabwean migrants navigate their challenges in South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2302", "words": "9680", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Feyissa Dori, Dereje", "title": "Migration as Prophecy Fulfilled: The Case of Hadiya Migration from Southern Ethiopia to South Africa", "date": "2025", "keywords": "africa; decision; ethiopia; factors; god; hadiya; hadiya migration; hosanna; journey; making; migrants; migration; pastor; people; prophecy; role; south africa", "summary": "Abstract This article examines the role religion has played in the process of Hadiya migration from southern Ethiopia to South Africa\u2014from decision-making to processes of settlement at destination. While 43 economic factors undeniably play a central role in shaping migration patterns, the case of Hadiya migration to South Africa highlights the limitations of solely focusing on material conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2305", "words": "7211", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Thanyani Madzivhandila; Aklilu Asha", "title": "Does Climate Change Transfer Poverty from Rural to Urban Areas? Implications for Regional Sub-Saharan Research Agenda ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "2022; adaptation; africa; areas; change; climate; climate change; development; et al; migration; people; poverty; research; urban", "summary": "Abstract There is growing recognition that climate change is a worldwide phenomenon with far- reaching effects and that it is linked to an increase in the frequency of extreme weather occurrences. Sadly, the population\u2019s capacity and incentive to stay in rural areas have been altered because of climate change and its detrimental impacts on agricultural output, income, and subsistence living; as a result, many rural dwellers are migrating to urban areas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2361", "words": "685", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Tevera, Prof Daniel", "title": "Lifeworlds in Crisis: Making Refugees in the Chad\u2013Sudan Borderlands ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "borderlands; chad", "summary": "While the book has a shortcoming of limited data on official policies on refugees in the Chad\u2013Sudan borderlands, it nevertheless addresses an important niche on borderlands. Behrends shows how, because of the trauma of war in the Chad\u2013Sudan borderlands, refugee livelihoods became difficult for all displaced people who did not have the capacity to access land, housing, food, work, and healthcare.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2363", "words": "8981", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Misago, Jean Pierre", "title": "From Deprivation to Mobilization: Towards a Multideterminant Model of Xenophobic Violence in South Africa", "date": "2025", "keywords": "africa; conditions; deprivation; determinants; discontent; explanations; foreign; misago; mobilization; model; nationals; south; south africa; violence; xenophobic", "summary": "Published 25 April 2025 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v11i1.2363 Abstract Drawing on extensive and comparative qualitative data from a nearly two-decade long and ongoing research, this article responds to inadequacies and limitations of current causal explanations for xenophobic violence in South Africa. I argue that i) these determinants and their interconnections in a value- added process constitute the necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of xenophobic violence, and ii)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2374", "words": "1082", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "africa; migration; research; review", "summary": "The paper focuses on the utterances and practices that the participants attribute to nurses and frontline staff in their interactions in healthcare facilities, drawing parallels with the anti-migrant discourse that populates certain platforms outside the healthcare facilities, especially in the conventional media, political discourse, and narratives from other anti-migrant platforms in the community and on social media platforms. The result of this study concludes that the practices that constitute medical xenophobia in the public healthcare system are rearticulations and restaging of the anti-migrant discourse that has been popularized by the media, politicians, and certain anti-migrant groupings in the community.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2428", "words": "10555", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Brown, Andrea", "title": "Refugee Protection and Food Security in Kampala, Uganda", "date": "2025", "keywords": "2022; access; african; covid-19; food; food security; governance; government; kampala; migrants; ngo; policy; populations; protection; refugee; research; settlements; study; support; uganda; urban", "summary": "Governance decisions and practices have a direct impact on refugees\u2019 access to rights, services, and food in Kampala, and this study considers the intersection of urban food governance and refugee protection governance, with particular attention to policy, programming, coordination, and outcomes. In Kampala refugees are free to work, including starting their own business.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2434", "words": "8684", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Chikanda, Abel", "title": "Informal Cross-Border Traders and Food Trade during the Global Pandemic in Zimbabwe", "date": "2025", "keywords": "africa; border; country; covid-19; cross; economy; food; goods; icbts; lockdown; pandemic; traders; zimbabwe", "summary": "In their border monitoring survey of seven countries in Southern Africa in 2008, Peberdy et al. (2015) show that 37% of informal cross-border traders (ICBTs) paid customs duties on their goods. Rapid situation and needs assessment of informal cross-border traders at the Beitbridge port of entry in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2435", "words": "6355", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Ahmed, Zack; Crush, Jonathan; Owuor, Samuel", "title": "\u201cAn Endless Cycle of Worry and Hardship\u201d: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Food Security of Somali Migrants and Refugees in Nairobi, Kenya", "date": "2025", "keywords": "covid-19; et al; food; food security; household; impact; migrants; nairobi; pandemic; security; somali; urban", "summary": "Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) for measurement of household food access: Indicator guide (Version 2). Household response strategies included changing consumption activities, reorganizing household finances, reducing urban household size, prioritizing children\u2019s access to food, depending on social networks, and relying on household food production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2436", "words": "13153", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Sithole, Sean; Dinbabo, Mulugeta; Tevera, Daniel", "title": "Sustainable Development Goals and Food Remittances: COVID-19 Lockdowns, Digital Transformation, Lessons and Policy Reflections from South Africa-Zimbabwe Corridor ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "2022; africa; border; channels; covid-19; crush; development; digital; economic; food; food remittances; goals; health; migrants; migration; mobile; mobility; pandemic; services; south; south africa; technology; transfer; zimbabwe", "summary": "However, in Southern Africa, digital food remittances are still under-researched. Recent migration studies reveal that food remittances are essential to achieving the SDG goals, mainly poverty reduction at the household level and the nutrition security of poor households in Southern Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2437", "words": "6836", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Crush , Jonathan; Tawodzera, Godfrey; Salamone, Maria; Ahmed, Zack", "title": "Pandemic Mobilities, Livelihood Disruptions, and Food Insecurities among Eastern Cape Migrants in Cape Town and Johannesburg during COVID-19", "date": "2025", "keywords": "africa; cape; covid-19; food; households; impact; migrants; migration; mobility; pandemic; south; south africa", "summary": "In India, there have been several assessments of the impact of the pandemic on household food security in general (Mishra and Rampal, 2020; Ravula et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2022). Similarly, in South Africa, there is a growing literature 87 on the general implications of the pandemic for household food security (Arndt et al., 2020; Van der Berg et al., 2021; Hart et al., 2022; Ngavara, 2022).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2438", "words": "9240", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Enns, Cherie; Owuor, Samuel; Lin, Abbey; Swardh, Kristin; Kolong, William", "title": "COVID-19\u2019s Impact on Food Security among Urban Refugee Youth in Kenya: A Postcolonial Feminist Perspective", "date": "2025", "keywords": "african; camps; challenges; cities; covid-19; food; impact; kenya; nairobi; participants; refugees; security; south; sudanese; support; unhcr; urban", "summary": "The research advocates for the formulation of clear African contextualized urban-based policies and migration systems that prioritize the needs of urban refugees, safeguarding their rights and upholding human dignity. Urban refugees were not spared from such exclusionary challenges, which were exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2439", "words": "8965", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Owusu, Bernard; Crush, Jonathan", "title": "Translocality, Remittances, and Food Security in the Ghana-Qatar Migration Corridor", "date": "2025", "keywords": "african; family; food; food security; ghana; ghanaian; households; international; interview; migrants; migration; money; qatar; remittances; translocal", "summary": "10.14426/ahmr.v10i3.2439 Abstract This paper examines the impact of migrant remittances on household food security in the Ghana-Qatar migration corridor. The study underscores the dual role of remittances in supporting household food security while imposing financial constraints on migrants and calls for policies that address the needs of both remitters and recipients.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2440", "words": "9420", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Young, Graeme", "title": "Solving the Cape Town Puzzle: Class, Politics and Migration in the Informal Food Economy ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "africa; cape; cape town; city; country; economic; economy; food; migrants; policy; politics; rights; south; south africa; town", "summary": "Reconceptualizing informal economic governance: Implica- tions from Cape Town, South Africa. Political rights in South Africa have largely been realized.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2609", "words": "3660", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Crush, Jonathan; Ahmed, Zack", "title": "Cities of Contagion: Pandemic Precarity, Migration, and Food Security in Urban Africa", "date": "2025", "keywords": "2020; africa; covid-19; food; migrants; pandemic; security", "summary": "Second, given that more and more refugees in Africa are city-based, it looks at how urban refugees pursue a living outside refugee encampments and with what consequences for building food security. And third, it focuses on the links between food security and the participation of migrants in the informal food sector.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2614", "words": "11793", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Solomon, Tigist; Wole, Darge; Minaye, Abebaw", "title": "Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Child Trafficking in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia: Insights from the Origin Community", "date": "2025", "keywords": "attitudes; awareness; child trafficking; children; community; country; education; et al; ethiopia; findings; information; knowledge; migration; participants; research; study; victims", "summary": "This perspective Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Child Trafficking in Southern Ethiopia 10 AHMR African Human Mobility Review - Volume 11 No 2, MAY-AUGUST 2025 is crucial in combating child trafficking in Wolaita Sodo, as societal perceptions can either enable or resist trafficking. A 16-year-old male participant who migrated from Boditi village to Sodo when he was just 12 years old, shared his understanding of child trafficking in the following way: \u201cChild trafficking is the exploitation of migrant children.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2646", "words": "10748", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Tawodzera, Godfrey", "title": "Changing Diets, Varying Food Consumption Patterns, and Food Security among Recent Zimbabwean Migrants in Windhoek, Namibia", "date": "2025", "keywords": "consumption; country; december; food; food security; health; households; migrants; migration; namibia; participant; security; south; study; windhoek; zimbabwean", "summary": "This study thus sought to investigate the changing dietary and food consumption patterns of recent Zimbabwean migrants in Namibia and the impact on household food security. This literature largely lauds the positive role of remittances in shoring up household food security.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2647", "words": "6745", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Chingwe, Edmore; Munhumayenga, Sipelile; Ndlovu, Sibonokuhle; Mudzingwa, Webster", "title": "Curate\u2019s egg: Effects of Parental Migration on Well-being of Zimbabwean Children Left Behind", "date": "2025", "keywords": "african; children; effects; figure; journal; migration; research; review; south; studies; study; zimbabwe", "summary": "Surprisingly, despite the confirmed negative effects of parental migration, other children left behind appear to thrive under the prevailing adverse conditions. While some studies foreground the difficulty of differentiating between child labor and child work, (see, for example, Catrinescu et al., 2011), Mabharani (2014) concludes that incidences of child labor are exacerbated by the increase in parental migration in Zimbabwe.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2653", "words": "10674", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Agadjanian, Victor; Agadjanian, Victor", "title": "Rowing Against Climate Adversity and Lack of Family Support: The Everyday Lives of Migrants\u2019 Wives in Rural Mozambique", "date": "2025", "keywords": "africa; children; family; health; husband; interviews; members; migrants; mothers; mozambique; social; study; support; wives; women; work", "summary": "Support networks for women with migrant husbands: Receiving help from children, family, friends, and the church Unlike in urban areas, rural women are still very dependent on a man and his employment status, as the breadwinner. For this reason, the study intended to evaluate how this abandonment of mothers by their children has a psychosocial impact on the lives of rural women who suffer the burden of caring for young children and the absence of their husbands.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2654", "words": "10505", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Mudungwe, Peter", "title": "Migration Governance in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities", "date": "2025", "keywords": "africa; auc; bank; continent; countries; data; development; diaspora; governance; impact; iom; migration; migration governance; national; policies; policy; remittances; review; world", "summary": "Further, a sizable proportion of African migration is intra-continental. It is also noteworthy that a characteristic of African migration is that it is mainly intra-regional and inter-regional, a phenomenon that has a long history (UNCTAD, 2018).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2730", "words": "9231", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Oduor, Kevin; Abuya, Edwin; Ouma, Martin", "title": "Constraints and Prospects of Faith-Based Refugee Protection in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya", "date": "2025", "keywords": "camp; challenges; development; faith; fbos; june; kakuma; kakuma refugee; kenya; muslim; organizations; protection; refugee; refugee camp; refugee protection; research; study; unhcr", "summary": "Consequently, as the scope of this study was limited to FBOs operating within refugee camps, a potential avenue for future research is FBOs involved in refugee protection in urban areas. Keywords: faith-based institutions, refugee protection, challenges, opportunities, Kakuma refugee camp 1 Doctoral candidate, University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2756", "words": "2362", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "17", "author": "Tevera, Daniel", "title": "Xenophobia in the Media: Critical Global Perspectives ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "attitudes; book; chapter; media; migrants; xenophobia", "summary": "Chapter 7, authored by Devanjan Khuntia, explores the experiences of the Paroja ethnic group in Assam, India, emphasizing their social exclusion and the influence of media narratives on the discourse surrounding citizenship. The three chapters in Part 3 of this work provide a critical examination of the complex relationship between media narratives and the emergence of xenophobia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2757", "words": "1164", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "26", "author": "F. Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "africa; migration; research; review", "summary": "No 1, JANUARY-APRIL 2025 found that migration governance in Africa presents significant challenges, affecting the continent\u2019s capacity to manage migration effectively. Ultimately, the article calls for migration studies to better account for the importance of intangible factors, especially religion, in understanding migration dynamics.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2765", "words": "9377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Sky Kruger; Shazia Sader", "title": "Strengthened or Sidelined? An Evaluation of Pledges to Eradicate Statelessness in the Southern African Development Community ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "african; gcr; global; high; nationality; persons; pledges; refugees; rights; sadc; statelessness; states; system; unhcr", "summary": "Eradicating statelessness, while not a major feature of the GCR, has An Evaluation of Pledges to Eradicate Statelessness in the SADC 112 The GCR and CRRF acknowledge that statelessness is both a cause and consequence of refugee movements and encourage states to accede to the 1954 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (hereafter \u201c1954 Stateless Convention\u201d) and the 1961 UN Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (hereafter \u201c1961 Stateless Convention\u201d).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-2870", "words": "8997", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "Mazani, Perfect", "title": "Cross-Border Solidarity: Migrant-Led Associations as Spaces of Epistemic Resistance and Food Security Innovation in South Africa", "date": "2025", "keywords": "africa; associations; development; food; food security; groups; knowledge; migrant; migration; networks; research; resilience; resistance; security; solidarity; south; spaces; survival", "summary": "By situating migrant practice and epistemologies, the paper challenges hegemonic discourses that position migrants as passive. CONCLUSION This research has demonstrated that migrant-solidarity associations in South Africa are important for addressing social resilience provision, food insecurity, and social- spaces provision for migrant epistemic resistance and knowledge production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-3030", "words": "1019", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2025", "keywords": "article; fbos; research; study", "summary": "This issue includes five peer-reviewed articles that foster original research, stimulate policy dialogue, and provide a platform for examining current trends, migration dynamics, and critical issues shaping mobility in Africa. The first article by Tigist Solomon, Darge Wole, and Abebaw Minaye is entitled \u201cKnowledge of and Attitudes toward Child Trafficking in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia: Insights from the Origin Community.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-3031", "words": "309", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "25", "author": "Editorial team", "title": "Corrigendum", "date": "2025", "keywords": "zimbabwe", "summary": "Published 25 April 2025 DOI: 10.14426/ahmr.v11i1.2240 ___________ 1 Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for the Advancement of Scholarship, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Published 25 April 2025 ___________ 1 Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for the Advancement of Scholarship, University of Pretoria, South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-729", "words": "8957", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-729", "date": null, "keywords": "cessation; clause; convention; country; human; law; protection; refugee rights; refugees; repatriation; return; rights; rwandan; state; status; unhcr", "summary": "This top-heavy \u2018knowing what\u2019s best\u2019 for refugees must cede to alternative conceptualisations of refugee rights, especially in the well-worn durable solutions debate. Upholding refugee rights in the era of \u2018Fortress Europe,\u2019 post-9/11 Islamophobia and multiplying, interconnected armed conflicts, is a Sisyphean pursuit.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-730", "words": "8784", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-730", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; countries; country; determinants; development; economic; employment; factors; journal; labour; migrants; migration; pull; rate; south; south africa; theory; vol", "summary": "Abstract This research empirically examines the macroeconomic determinants of \u2018pull\u2019 factors of international migration in South Africa. Using the neoclassical economic model of international migration, an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was run on time-series data from the World Bank data base for the period 1990-2012.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-731", "words": "8134", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-731", "date": null, "keywords": "access; asylum; congolese; dar; integration; migrants; participants; refugees; salaam; services; status; tanzania", "summary": "These focus groups solicited views on refugees in Dar es Salaam, Congolese refugees in particular, and on attitudes towards integration options towards Congolese refugees. Some participants also suggested the presence in Dar es Salaam of Congolese refugees or migrants who have integrated into Tanzanian society in a way that makes it difficult to apply terms like \u2018migrant\u2019 or \u2018refugee\u2019 to them.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-732", "words": "5604", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-732", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; households; impact; income; migration; percent; poverty; remittance; south; table", "summary": "This shows a negative relationship between monthly household remittances and household size. The findings show that remittance non-receiving households have a higher head count ratio compared to remittance receiving households.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-734", "words": "9399", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Fagioli-Ndlovu, Monica", "title": "The Migration-Development Nexus in Somaliland: Critical Voices from the Somali Diaspora", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; development; diaspora; experts; global; international; mida; migration; new; nexus; programme; quests; somali; somali diaspora; somaliland; state; transnational; undp", "summary": "Hargeysa, the bureaucratic capital of Somaliland, is a central hub where international development programmes, often planned in Nairobi, are implemented. The Ultimate Migration-Development Nexus and Its Recent Criticisms This interest in the Somali diaspora is part of a current, dominant view in international development policy that sees migrants and diaspora as agents of and contributors to development.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-736", "words": "322", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "7", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-736", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; university", "summary": "ii AHMR _________________________________________________________________________________ Chief Editor Dr Mulugeta F. Dinbabo University of the Western Cape, South Africa Board Members Dr Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Dr Delali Margaret Badasu University of Ghana, Ghana Dr Edmond Agyeman University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Dr Ernest Angu Pineteh Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa Dr Joseph Yaro University of Ghana, Ghana Prof Laurence Piper University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Linda Oucho African Migration and Development Policy Centre, Kenya Prof Loren Landau University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Dr Lothar Smith Radboud University, Netherlands Dr Meselu Alamnie Mulugeta Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Prof Raul Delagdo Wise Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Mexico Dr Razack Karriem University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Sharon Penderis University of the Western Cape, South Africa Prof Shimelis Copyright \u00a9 2015 by the SCALABRINI INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN MOBILITY IN AFRICA 47, Commercial St, 8001 Cape Town \u2013 South Africa Tel. 0027 021 465 6433 Email: editor@sihma.org.za Webpage: www.sihma.org.za http://sihma.org.za/mulugeta-dinbabo http://sihma.org.za/beneberu-wondimagegnhu/ http://sihma.org.za/delali-badasu/ http://sihma.org.za/edmond-agyeman/ http://sihma.org.za/laurence-piper/ http://sihma.org.za/linda-oucho/ http://sihma.org.za/loren-landau/ http://sihma.org.za/lothar-smith/ http://sihma.org.za/meselu-alamnie-mulugeta/ http://sihma.org.za/raul-delgado-wise/ http://sihma.org.za/sharon-penderis/ http://sihma.org.za/shimelis-gulema/ http://sihma.org.za/thomas-faist/ mailto:editor@sihma.org.za http://www.sihma.org.za/", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-737", "words": "33810", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-737", "date": null, "keywords": "act; africa; ahmr; approach; asylum; bank; cameroon; cape; countries; country; development; economic; gdp; growth; home; human; increase; inflows; mayaugust; migrants; migration; nigeria; no2; paper; policy; process; protection; rate; refugee; relationship; remittance inflows; remittances; research; return; rights; seekers; senegal; south; south africa; state; verde; vol.1; vol.1 no2; world", "summary": "This study seeks to assess the macroeconomic determinants of international remittances in Nigeria. On the other hand, remittances are categorized at the macro level based on the assumption that flows of international remittances can be countercyclical, procyclical or acyclical.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-738", "words": "330", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "12", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-738", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; university", "summary": "ii AHMR _________________________________________________________________________________ Chief Editor Dr Mulugeta F. Dinbabo University of the Western Cape, South Africa Board Members Dr Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Dr Delali Margaret Badasu University of Ghana, Ghana Dr Edmond Agyeman University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Dr Ernest Angu Pineteh Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa Dr Joseph Yaro University of Ghana, Ghana Prof Laurence Piper University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Linda Oucho African Migration and Development Policy Centre, Kenya Prof Loren Landau University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Dr Lothar Smith Radboud University, Netherlands Dr Meselu Alamnie Mulugeta Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Prof Raul Delagdo Wise Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Mexico Dr Razack Karriem University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Sharon Penderis University of the Western Cape, South Africa Prof Shimelis Copyright \u00a9 2015 by the SCALABRINI INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN MOBILITY IN AFRICA 47, Commercial St, 8001 Cape Town \u2013 South Africa Tel. 0027 021 465 6433 Email: editor@sihma.org.za Webpage: www.sihma.org.za http://sihma.org.za/mulugeta-dinbabo http://sihma.org.za/beneberu-wondimagegnhu/ http://sihma.org.za/delali-badasu/ http://sihma.org.za/edmond-agyeman/ http://sihma.org.za/laurence-piper/ http://sihma.org.za/linda-oucho/ http://sihma.org.za/loren-landau/ http://sihma.org.za/lothar-smith/ http://sihma.org.za/meselu-alamnie-mulugeta/ http://sihma.org.za/raul-delgado-wise/ http://sihma.org.za/sharon-penderis/ http://sihma.org.za/shimelis-gulema/ http://sihma.org.za/thomas-faist/ mailto:editor@sihma.org.za http://www.sihma.org.za/", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-739", "words": "9729", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-739", "date": null, "keywords": "ahmr; determinants; development; income; level; mayaugust; nigeria; no2; rate; relationship; remittances; run; stat; test; unit; value; vol.1; world", "summary": "That is, MPC + MPS = 1\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 (8) MPS= 1 - MPC\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 (9) Going further, we presume that the home country\u2019s deposit rate can influence emigrants to keep their savings in their home country. The model was therefore log transformed to derive: LRR= \u03b1o + \u03b11LY + \u03b12LCPI + \u03b13LDCC + \u03b14LDR + \u03b15LER + \u03b16LFD + \u03b17LIRD + \u03b18LSE + \u03b19LTT + \u03b5t \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 (12) Where RR = Remittances Y=Income per capita I= Inflation DCC = Domestic credit DR = Deposit rate ER = Exchange rate FD = Financial deepening IRD = Interest rate differential SE = Secondary school enrolment TT = Openness \u03b1o = constant \u03b5t = Error term Research Findings and Presentations Correlation Analysis Theoretically, migrants may remit money to help stabilize the income of their relatives and loved ones at home.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-740", "words": "8173", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta; Carciotto, Sergio", "title": "International Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Call for a Global Research Agenda", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; ahmr; approach; convention; development; human; labour; migrants; migration; no2; research; respondents; rights; ssa; vol.1", "summary": "An exclusive response received from a few of the researchers indicated that the strengths of the rights-based research approach is reinforced by important international legal instruments, as emerged from respondents\u2019 observations: \u2026the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 was the first occasion on which the organized community of nations ... made a Declaration of human rights and fundamental freedoms.... \u2026it is conceived as \u201ca common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations,\u201d the Universal Declaration ... has become just that: a yardstick by which to measure the degree of respect for, and compliance with, international human rights standards... \u2026it is one of the basic instruments of human rights....states a common understanding of the peoples of the world concerning the inalienable and inviolable rights of all members of the human family and constitutes an obligation for the members of the international community\u2026 \u2026.The human rights declaration consists of 30 articles setting forth the civil and political, and economic, social and cultural rights to which all persons are entitled, without discrimination. In this regard, the role of national and regional networking groups comprising researchers, NGOs, practitioners, trade unions, civil society organizations and social movements can contribute to advancing migrants\u2019 rights by exercising pressure from the bottom on both states and non-state actors to uphold and enforce international human rights law.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-741", "words": "7506", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Adarkwa, Muriel", "title": "Impact of Remittances on Economic Growth: Evidence from Selected West African Countries (Cameroon, Cape Verde, Nigeria and Senegal)", "date": "2021", "keywords": "cameroon; cape; countries; gdp; inflows; nigeria; remittance; remittance inflows; senegal; verde", "summary": "One contribution of this study is the finding that remittance inflows need to be invested in productive sectors. East African countries experienced significant gains in remittance inflows while those in the West Africa sub-region experienced only a marginal increase (World Bank, 2014).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-742", "words": "9825", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-742", "date": null, "keywords": "act; africa; asylum; asylum seekers; detention; dha; immigration; policy; process; refugee; return; rights; seekers; south; state", "summary": "The above policies represent opposing ends of the spectrum in terms of failed asylum seeker policy, with either minimal oversight or conversely immediate detention and deportation upon receipt of a final rejection. Abstract The return of failed asylum seekers has become an issue of concern for asylum states who must balance immigration control measures while upholding refugee protection obligations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-746", "words": "330", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "12", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-746", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; university", "summary": "ii AHMR _________________________________________________________________________________ Chief Editor Dr Mulugeta F. Dinbabo University of the Western Cape, South Africa Board Members Dr Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Dr Delali Margaret Badasu University of Ghana, Ghana Dr Edmond Agyeman University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Dr Ernest Angu Pineteh Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa Dr Joseph Yaro University of Ghana, Ghana Prof Laurence Piper University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Linda Oucho African Migration and Development Policy Centre, Kenya Prof Loren Landau University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Dr Lothar Smith Radboud University, Netherlands Dr Meselu Alamnie Mulugeta Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Prof Raul Delagdo Wise Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Mexico Dr Razack Karriem University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Sharon Penderis University of the Western Cape, South Africa Prof Shimelis Copyright \u00a9 2015 by the SCALABRINI INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN MOBILITY IN AFRICA 47, Commercial St, 8001 Cape Town \u2013 South Africa Tel. 0027 021 465 6433 Email: editor@sihma.org.za Webpage: www.sihma.org.za http://sihma.org.za/mulugeta-dinbabo http://sihma.org.za/beneberu-wondimagegnhu/ http://sihma.org.za/delali-badasu/ http://sihma.org.za/edmond-agyeman/ http://sihma.org.za/laurence-piper/ http://sihma.org.za/linda-oucho/ http://sihma.org.za/loren-landau/ http://sihma.org.za/lothar-smith/ http://sihma.org.za/meselu-alamnie-mulugeta/ http://sihma.org.za/raul-delgado-wise/ http://sihma.org.za/sharon-penderis/ http://sihma.org.za/shimelis-gulema/ http://sihma.org.za/thomas-faist/ mailto:editor@sihma.org.za http://www.sihma.org.za/", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-747", "words": "8524", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-747", "date": null, "keywords": "african; ahmr; events; issue; johannesburg; no3; outbursts; property; protests; septemberdecember; south; urban; violence; vol.1", "summary": "The 2008 series of violent events in urban South Africa shifted the research focus toward analyses of violent collective action and the various causes of such action. What emerges from these trends is a continuing series of violent events across urban South Africa during which residents mobilise and target municipal officials, local councillors and municipal property, in a phrase, elements of the local state.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-748", "words": "6924", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-748", "date": null, "keywords": "african; ahmr; country; foreigners; international; issue; no3; rights; septemberdecember; states; union; vol.1; xenophobia", "summary": "As a problem that is not country-specific, the role of the AU as an institution saddled with the mandate of fostering cohesion among African states and promoting peace and security, is imperative. Under the AU Constitutive Act, the AU is mandated to promote human rights, sanctity of life, and peaceful co-existence and cooperation between African states, as well as position the continent at an advantage within the international community.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-749", "words": "13103", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Colletta, Nat J.", "title": "Violent Conflict and Forced Displacement in the Horn of Africa: Government and Donor Policies and Programs in Search of Durable Solutions", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; ahmr; areas; border; camps; communities; community; conflict; development; displaced; displacement; ethiopia; hoa; host; issue; kenya; no3; refugees; regional; septemberdecember; social; somalia; south; sudan; vol.1", "summary": "In confronting conventional wisdom, Alexander Betts et al (2014) note that, \u201crefugee communities engage in production, consumption, exchange, entrepreneurship, and the development of financial and capital markets. al. (2014) have observed, refugee communities exhibit similar features of normal economic systems, that is, \u201cthey (refugee communities) engage in production, consumption, exchange, entrepreneurship, and the development of financial and capital markets\u201d (Betts et al 2014).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-750", "words": "7669", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Ambaye, Getu; Abeliene, Assefa", "title": "Development-Induced Displacement and Its Impacts on the Livelihoods of Poor Urban Households in Bahir Dar, North Western Ethiopia", "date": "2021", "keywords": "ababa; addis; bahir; city; compensation; dar; development; displacement; households; idps; land; livelihood; resettlement; urban", "summary": "The study urges the need to assess and address the unmet needs of poor urban residents as well as the environmental impact of urban development projects. The municipality key informants, A13 and A14, outlined this procedure of urban development.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-751", "words": "38670", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-751", "date": null, "keywords": "ababa; access; addis; african; ahmr; areas; attacks; camps; city; communities; community; conflict; countries; country; development; displaced; displacement; economic; ethiopia; events; foreigners; government; hoa; host; human; idps; international; issue; kenya; land; livelihood; migration; new; no3; people; policy; refugees; regional; resettlement; rights; security; septemberdecember; services; social; somali; south africa; state; union; university; urban; violence; vol.1; vol.1 no3; world; xenophobia", "summary": "\u2018Explaining Violence Against Foreigners and Strangers in Urban South Africa: Outbursts During May and June 2008.\u2019 The 2008 series of violent events in urban South Africa shifted the research focus toward analyses of violent collective action and the various causes of such action.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-752", "words": "37799", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-752", "date": null, "keywords": "act; african; ahmr; angola; april; article; asylum; cape; care; case; challenges; children; country; court; crime; economic; education; family; foreign; francophone; home; immigrants; jan; journal; learning; migration; need; netherlands; new; people; protection; refugee; repatriation; return; section; shopkeepers; social; south africa; spaza; status; stress; students; studies; university; vol.2 no1", "summary": "The Children\u2019s Act does not recognise specific vulnerabilities of certain categories of foreign children such as unaccompanied foreign minors and separated refugee children. Thirdly, we place foreign child AHMR, Vol.2 No1, Jan-April 2016 425 migrants into four legal categories; unaccompanied foreign children with refugee claims, separated foreign children with refugee claims, unaccompanied and separated foreign children with no refugee claims and accompanied refugee children with refugee claims.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-753", "words": "330", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "12", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-753", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; university", "summary": "ii AHMR _________________________________________________________________________________ Chief Editor Dr Mulugeta F. Dinbabo University of the Western Cape, South Africa Board Members Dr Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Dr Delali Margaret Badasu University of Ghana, Ghana Dr Edmond Agyeman University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Dr Ernest Angu Pineteh Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa Dr Joseph Yaro University of Ghana, Ghana Prof Laurence Piper University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Linda Oucho African Migration and Development Policy Centre, Kenya Prof Loren Landau University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Dr Lothar Smith Radboud University, Netherlands Dr Meselu Alamnie Mulugeta Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Prof Raul Delagdo Wise Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Mexico Dr Razack Karriem University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Sharon Penderis University of the Western Cape, South Africa Prof Shimelis Copyright \u00a9 2016 by the SCALABRINI INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN MOBILITY IN AFRICA 47, Commercial St, 8001 Cape Town \u2013 South Africa Tel. 0027 021 465 6433 Email: editor@sihma.org.za Webpage: www.sihma.org.za http://sihma.org.za/mulugeta-dinbabo http://sihma.org.za/beneberu-wondimagegnhu/ http://sihma.org.za/delali-badasu/ http://sihma.org.za/edmond-agyeman/ http://sihma.org.za/laurence-piper/ http://sihma.org.za/linda-oucho/ http://sihma.org.za/loren-landau/ http://sihma.org.za/lothar-smith/ http://sihma.org.za/meselu-alamnie-mulugeta/ http://sihma.org.za/raul-delgado-wise/ http://sihma.org.za/sharon-penderis/ http://sihma.org.za/shimelis-gulema/ http://sihma.org.za/thomas-faist/ mailto:editor@sihma.org.za http://www.sihma.org.za/", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-755", "words": "6048", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-755", "date": null, "keywords": "african; crime; foreign; price; shopkeepers; shops; somali; south; spaza", "summary": "Taken as a whole then, the sample is divided roughly 50:50, South African to foreign, but actually there are more than double the number of South Africans shopkeepers than the 236 Somali shopkeepers, who constitute the second most common nationality. This impact is manifest both in the increasing number of foreign-run shops, but also by competition with South African shopkeepers on price (Africa Unite 2007; Department of the Premier 2007).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-757", "words": "8107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Carciotto, Sergio", "title": "Angolan refugees in South Africa: alternatives to permanent repatriation?", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; angola; april; conditions; country; home; migration; refugees; repatriation; return; south; south africa; status; unhcr", "summary": "The article addresses the urgent need to reshape the notion of return in the context of refugee repatriation towards more flexible forms of return involving periods of dual residence and back and forth movements. Refugee repatriation in Africa:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-758", "words": "7717", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Pineteh, Ernest; Mulu, Thecla", "title": "Francophone transnational students, social exclusion and the challenges of adaptation at a South African University of Technology", "date": "2021", "keywords": "adaptation; africa; challenges; cput; education; francophone; learning; new; south; students; university", "summary": "For South African universities, international students are not only a source of revenue for universities, but they also symbolise modern universities\u2019 envisions for intercultural education and internationalisation (Sam 2001; Andrade 2006; Ryan & Viete 2009). However, the findings of Pineteh & Ralarala\u2019s (2014) study on international students at CPUT revealed that francophone students encounter similar academic and sociocultural challenges regardless of the country of origin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-759", "words": "7717", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-759", "date": null, "keywords": "adaptation; africa; challenges; cput; education; francophone; learning; new; south; students; university", "summary": "For South African universities, international students are not only a source of revenue for universities, but they also symbolise modern universities\u2019 envisions for intercultural education and internationalisation (Sam 2001; Andrade 2006; Ryan & Viete 2009). However, the findings of Pineteh & Ralarala\u2019s (2014) study on international students at CPUT revealed that francophone students encounter similar academic and sociocultural challenges regardless of the country of origin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-760", "words": "8431", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-760", "date": null, "keywords": "act; africa; care; children; court; protection; refugee; south; status", "summary": "The Children\u2019s Act does not recognise specific vulnerabilities of certain categories of foreign children such as unaccompanied foreign minors and separated refugee children. Thirdly, we place foreign child AHMR, Vol.2 No1, Jan-April 2016 425 migrants into four legal categories; unaccompanied foreign children with refugee claims, separated foreign children with refugee claims, unaccompanied and separated foreign children with no refugee claims and accompanied refugee children with refugee claims.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-763", "words": "33586", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-763", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; ahmr; august; border; cape; country; cross; development; economic; ethiopia; food; food security; foreign; government; group; international; interventions; migrants; migration; nationals; new; no2; paper; participants; people; platform; policy; remittances; research; security; social; society; south africa; staff; state; town; trade; university; violence; vol.2; vol.2 no2; women; xenophobia; youth; zimbabwe", "summary": "Exorcising the demons within: Xenophobia, violence, and statecraft in contemporary South Africa. Exploring youth migration and the food security nexus: Zimbabwean youths in Cape Town, South Africa Sean T. Sithole and Mulugeta F. Dinbabo ii AHMR _________________________________________________________________________________", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-764", "words": "416", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "19", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-764", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; university", "summary": "ii AHMR _________________________________________________________________________________ Chief Editor Dr Mulugeta F. Dinbabo University of the Western Cape, South Africa Board Members Dr Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Dr Delali Margaret Badasu University of Ghana, Ghana Dr Edmond Agyeman University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Dr Ernest Angu Pineteh University of Pretoria, South Africa Dr Joseph Yaro University of Ghana, Ghana Prof Laurence Piper University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Linda Oucho African Migration and Development Policy Centre, Kenya Prof Loren Landau University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Dr Lothar Smith Radboud University, Netherlands Dr Meselu Alamnie Mulugeta Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Prof Raul Delagdo Wise Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Mexico Dr Razack Karriem University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Sharon Penderis University of the Western Cape, South Africa Prof Shimelis Copyright \u00a9 2016 by the SCALABRINI INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN MOBILITY IN AFRICA 47, Commercial St, 8001 Cape Town \u2013 South Africa Tel. 0027 021 465 6433 Email: editor@sihma.org.za Webpage: www.sihma.org.za http://sihma.org.za/mulugeta-dinbabo http://sihma.org.za/beneberu-wondimagegnhu/ http://sihma.org.za/delali-badasu/ http://sihma.org.za/edmond-agyeman/ http://sihma.org.za/laurence-piper/ http://sihma.org.za/linda-oucho/ http://sihma.org.za/loren-landau/ http://sihma.org.za/lothar-smith/ http://sihma.org.za/meselu-alamnie-mulugeta/ http://sihma.org.za/raul-delgado-wise/ http://sihma.org.za/sharon-penderis/ http://sihma.org.za/shimelis-gulema/ http://sihma.org.za/thomas-faist/ mailto:editor@sihma.org.za http://www.sihma.org.za/ iii African Human Mobility Review ___________________________________________________________________________", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-765", "words": "7905", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Misago, Jean Pierre", "title": "Responding to Xenophobic Violence in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Barking Up the Wrong Tree?", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; ahmr; august; government; interventions; nationals; no2; society; south; south africa; violence; vol.2; xenophobia", "summary": "Abstract This paper highlights the general failure to effectively respond to and prevent xenophobic violence in South Africa and offers critical reflections on reasons thereof. This paper offers critical reflections on the effectiveness of these interventions and argues that they have generally failed to prevent xenophobic violence in the country particularly because, by addressing the wrong sources of violence and using untested theories of changes, they have been barking up the wrong tree instead of muzzling dogs that bite.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-766", "words": "7913", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Matshanda, Namhla", "title": "Territorial Control and Cross Border Movement in Eastern Ethiopia: The case of Togochale Border", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; ahmr; august; border; ethiopia; no2; paper; period; power; state; statehood; togochale; trade; vol.2", "summary": "The movement of large numbers of refugees across state borders has since become a defining characteristic of human migration in the Horn of Africa and, in the process, shaped the various states from below in quite significant ways. The paper then discusses a period of rigid state borders in the post-BMA period in AHMR, Vol.2 No2, May-August 2016 470 Ethiopia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-767", "words": "8283", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-767", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; group; leadership; migrants; migration; new; no2; participants; platform; scalabrini; social; south; staff; support; vol.2; women", "summary": "Abstract Since 2011, South Africa has increasingly moved toward an immigration system of enforcement and exclusion, seeking to discourage immigration through punitive policies that make daily life for migrants difficult to bear. Nonetheless, the restrictions of the political and economic climate of South Africa, as well as the professionalised expectations of mediating institutions, make this a slow process that may favor individual advancement over collective action for systemic change.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-768", "words": "8984", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-768", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; ahmr; cape; development; food; food security; migrants; migration; remittances; research; respondents; security; youth; zimbabwe", "summary": "The research presents comprehensive perspectives on the complexities linked to the reasons for youth migration in connection to food security, the importance of remittances on food security in the place of origin and levels of food insecurity in the place of destination. Tawodzera, G. 2013 Rural-urban transfers and household food security in Harare\u2019s crisis context.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-769", "words": "38930", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-769", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; ahmr; areas; asylum; convention; countries; country; december; development; economic; food; ghana; health; home; households; human; identity; internal; living; migrants; migration; money; new; no3; oau; paper; people; policy; protection; refugee; refugee convention; refugee protection; remittances; rights; seekers; september; south africa; states; studies; study; unhcr; university; vol.2; vol.2 no3; welfare; women; world; zambia", "summary": "Where a financial resource scheme exists, it minimises the fiscal risk or exposure of refugee hosting countries when the need arises. A method could also be developed to determine how refugee hosting countries draw on the fund when the need arises.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-770", "words": "440", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "10", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-770", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; south; university", "summary": "ii AHMR _________________________________________________________________________________ Chief Editor Dr Mulugeta F. Dinbabo University of the Western Cape, South Africa Board Members Dr Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Dr Delali Margaret Badasu University of Ghana, Ghana Dr Edmond Agyeman University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Dr Ernest Angu Pineteh University of Pretoria, South Africa Dr Joseph Yaro University of Ghana, Ghana Prof Laurence Piper University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Linda Oucho African Migration and Development Policy Centre, Kenya Prof Loren Landau University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Dr Lothar Smith Radboud University, Netherlands Dr Meselu Alamnie Mulugeta Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Prof Raul Delgado Wise Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Mexico Dr Razack Karriem University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Sharon Penderis University of the Western Cape, South Africa Prof Simon Bekker University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Prof Shimelis Gulema Stony Brook University, New York Prof Thomas Faist Bielefeld University, Germany ____________________________________________________________________________________ Webpage: www.sihma.org.za Copyright \u00a9 2016 by the SCALABRINI INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN MOBILITY IN AFRICA 47, Commercial St, 8001 Cape Town \u2013 South Africa Tel. 0027 021 461 4741, Email: editor@sihma.org.za http://sihma.org.za/mulugeta-dinbabo http://sihma.org.za/beneberu-wondimagegnhu/ http://sihma.org.za/delali-badasu/ http://sihma.org.za/edmond-agyeman/ http://sihma.org.za/laurence-piper/ http://sihma.org.za/linda-oucho/ http://sihma.org.za/loren-landau/ http://sihma.org.za/lothar-smith/ http://sihma.org.za/meselu-alamnie-mulugeta/ http://sihma.org.za/raul-delgado-wise/ http://sihma.org.za/sharon-penderis/ http://sihma.org.za/shimelis-gulema/ http://sihma.org.za/thomas-faist/ mailto:editor@sihma.org.za iii African Human Mobility Review ___________________________________________________________________________", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-771", "words": "1238", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Carciotto, Sergio", "title": "From the Director: A Reflection on South Africa\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Migration Policy", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; asylum; country; south", "summary": "Furthermore, some of the negative attitudes and preconceptions towards asylum seekers are reflected in the proposed 2015 Refugee Amendment Bill which seeks to restrict, as a deterrent measure, the possibility for asylum seekers to work while in South Africa. This proposal raises several concerns with regards to its actual implementation, due to the many administrative challenges and rampant corruption within the Department of Home Affairs, and it is my view that the deprivation of the freedom to work may threaten to degrade asylum seekers in South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-772", "words": "9554", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Willie, Ncumisa; Mfubu, Popo", "title": "Responsibility Sharing: Towards a Unified Refugee Protection Framework in Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; asylum; convention; countries; oau; oau refugee; protection; refugee; refugee convention; refugee protection; seekers; south; south africa; states", "summary": "It is almost chilling to imagine how accurately the Office of the UNHCR predicted the future state of refugee protection in Africa (Okoth-Obbo, 2001: 87) when it stated that: [\u2026] in this relationship between African refugee law, policy and practice on the one hand, and global trends on the other lies the most serious likelihood of a further lowering of the thresholds of refugee protection in Africa. This paper will argue that due to the fragmented manner in which African states approach refugee protection, countries such as South Africa, that have liberal and progressive refugee protection frameworks, will continue to experience higher migration flows and thus shoulder a greater responsibility.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-773", "words": "8889", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-773", "date": null, "keywords": "ahmr; development; education; ghana; households; migrants; migration; no3; remittances; september; study; vol.2; welfare", "summary": "Internal remittances received play a very crucial role in improving welfare and reducing poverty in Ghana (Castaldo et al, 2012). The study findings are consistent with other studies that show that internal remittances do have a positive impact on receiving households in terms of repayment of debts, improved access to consumption, better education and investment in enterprise (Afsar, 2003; Dayal and Karan, 2003; Ellis, 2003).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-774", "words": "7938", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-774", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; children; health; hiv; home; kwazulu; migration; natal; no3; south; south africa; women", "summary": "However, and perhaps due to the respect that is present in Southern African contexts for older women and men, older migrant women did not discuss experiencing any form of abuse when travelling to South Africa. Older women then migrate to follow their daughters in response to requests for support, forming the second phase of this process of intergenerational chain migration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-775", "words": "10766", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-775", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; ahmr; april; conflict; countries; country; december; ethnicity; identity; lusaka; migration; new; no3; people; refugees; riots; september; unhcr; violence; vol.2; zambia", "summary": "By the same token, ethnic identity becomes a basis of ethnic hatred and xenophobia against those with whom one does not identify. At this point, the paper examines the various patterns of ethnic identity and xenophobia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-777", "words": "57766", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-777", "date": null, "keywords": "african; african human; ahmr; ahmr african; apr; areas; association; belonging; building; cape; cape town; care; city; colonial; community; countries; country; data; development; economic; experiences; foreign; governance; government; human; income; inequality; international; issues; jan; journal; lives; media; migrants; migration; migration studies; mobilty; municipalities; nationals; new; nigerian; paper; people; policy; process; refugees; remittances; research; review; role; self; sense; society; south africa; state; studies; study; town; understanding; university; urban; violence; volume; women; work; world; xenophobia; young; zimbabwe", "summary": "On their part, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies\u2019 (IFRC) policy on migration describe migrants as people who leave or flee their places of ha- bitual residence to go to a new place across international borders or within their own state, to seek better or safer prospects (Moretti and Bonzon, 2017:165). African migration: Trends, patterns, drivers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-779", "words": "9515", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Muyonga, Mary; Odipo, George; Agwanda, Alfred O.", "title": "Interlinkages between Migration and Inequality in Africa: Review of Contemporary Studies", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; countries; data; development; economic; household; income; inequalities; inequality; international; migrant; migration; remittances; review; studies; theory", "summary": "While studies in the developed nations use population registers as a major source of data for migration studies, in Africa, due to poor civil registration systems, this is limited. This observation rein- forces the notion that migration studies are not accompanied by data that induces perspectives of measuring inequality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-781", "words": "5472", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-781", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; international; labor; migrants; migration; residency; rights; south; workers; zimbabwean", "summary": "Temporary migrant workers, particularly low-skilled migrants, are treated as \u201csecond-class citizens\u201d at risk of becoming part of a new model of \u201cindentured servitude\u201d (De Genova as cited in Castles, 2014:41). The 2017 White Paper on International Migration The Immigration Act of 2002 provides for various types of temporary visas with worker rights, and makes holders of work visas eligible for permanent residency after a period of five consecutive years.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-783", "words": "9332", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-783", "date": null, "keywords": "countries; drc; genocide; hutu; hutu refugees; insecurity; international; refugees; region; repatriation; return; rpf; rwanda; tutsi; unhcr; violence", "summary": "Abstract This paper reflects on the complex dynamics of the relationship between forced repatriation of Hutu refugees with protracted refugee situations and insecurity prevailing in the Great Lakes region, in particular, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It critiques misconceived and misguided regional and international responses to the influx of Hutu refugees.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-784", "words": "9511", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-784", "date": null, "keywords": "african; asylum; cape; cape town; city; coct; development; government; immigrants; labor; nationals; policy; refugees; seekers; south; town; violence; workers; xenophobia", "summary": "Yet, in Cape Town local government is considered both legitimate and strong and not complicit with perpetrators of violence. Over \u201c200 Somali nationals were murdered in South Africa, most in the Western Cape, between 2000-2004 and media reports show that migrants have been targeted by youths in Cape Town areas such as Philippi, Khayelitsha, Dunoon, Gugu- lethu, Nyanga and Masiphumelele townships for years\u201d (Jara and Perbedy, 2010: 25).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-786", "words": "6911", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-786", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; data; development; diagnostic; governance; migrants; migration; municipalities; research; south; tool", "summary": "A recent study interrogating the ways in which municipal authorities in South Africa are governing their mobile communities demonstrated that there is potential for both conceptual innovation and methodological rigor when integrating the cross-cutting systems of migration and local governance. This interest in local governance is juxtaposed with a similarly strong interest in migration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-787", "words": "10159", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Odok, Godwin Etta", "title": "Social Media and Xenophobic Solidarity in Post-colonial Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; capital; colonial; countries; country; development; human; international; media; migrants; migration; nationals; new; nigeria; review; solidarity; south; south africa; violence; world; xenophobia", "summary": "In recent times, there is a resurgence of aggressive consciousness by citizens of most African countries, firmly fashioned and sustained through social media. Social media in this way effectively play roles of mobilizing and (re)constructing national identities and solidarities in ways that citizens regularly enter into violent confrontations with foreign nationals, often stereotyped as threats to the prosperity of citizens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-788", "words": "11491", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-788", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; belonging; building; care; children; experiences; lives; migrants; participatory; people; process; self; sense; south; south africa; women; work; young", "summary": "Email: lawrencehouse@scalabrini.org.za As young people with migration experiences build their lives in new contexts, their connectedness to who they are, to other people, to place and to culture underpin whether and how a sense of belonging is built in their lives. We share how a child and youth care center in Cape Town specializing in supporting young migrants and young people with experiences of trauma, innovated with a group of young women through participatory arts-based methods towards building belonging.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-789", "words": "46663", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-789", "date": null, "keywords": "access; african; age; aspirations; asylum; asylum seekers; august; cape; countries; country; crisis; department; development; economic; education; eritrea; family; goods; home; households; human; ideology; international; labour; level; migrants; migration; mobility; mobility review; national; new; people; policy; reciprocity; refugees; relationship; remittances; research; review; rro; rule; seekers; service; south africa; studies; study; town; university; vol; world; years; youth; youth migration; zimbabwe", "summary": "Figure 2: Date of migration to South Africa Source: Survey results The third peak, which was unexpected and more difficult to explain, occurred between 2013 and 2015. African Human Mobility Review, Vol. 4, No. 2 (August 2018) 1205 Policy Shifts in the Asylum Process in South Africa Resulting in Hidden Refugees and Asylum Seekers Fatima Khan and Megan Lee 1226 African Migrants\u2019 Characteristics and Remittance Behaviour: Empirical Evidence from Cape Town in South Africa Jonas Nzabamwita 1255 Age Selectivity among Labour Migrants (Majoni Joni) From South Eastern Zimbabwe to South Africa during a Prolonged Crisis Dick Ranga 1285 Reciprocity and Migration: The Interface between Religions Endale S. Mekonnen 1310 Eritrea\u2019s Youth Migration Challenge: The Role of Aspirations and Opportunity Dabesaki Mac-Ikemenjima and Helen Gebregiorgis African Human Mobility Review, Vol. 4, No. 2 (August 2018) 1205 Policy Shifts in the Asylum Process in South Africa Resulting in Hidden Refugees and Asylum Seekers Fatima Khan\uf02a and Megan Lee\uf02a\uf02a", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-790", "words": "8671", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-790", "date": null, "keywords": "african; article; association; belonging; community; country; entrepreneurs; harare; host; integration; members; migrant; migration; ncz; new; nigerian; zimbabwe", "summary": "Leadership and membership structure of migrant associa- tions: The case of Nigerian migrant associations in Accra, Ghana. The arti- cle concludes that migrant associations act as a buffer for migrants as well as a bridging mediator vis-\u00e0-vis the host society.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-792", "words": "9234", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-792", "date": null, "keywords": "african; asylum process; asylum seekers; cape; department; policy; refugees; rro; shifts; south africa; town", "summary": "In that context, Judge Van Reenen held that the availability of adequate facilities to receive asylum seekers, expeditiously consider applications and issue asylum seeker permits was mandated by South Africa\u2019s international obligations, the Refugees Act and the Constitution. Over the past few years, the protection space for asylum seekers in South Africa has steadily shrunk.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-793", "words": "1105", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; migration; south", "summary": "Based on the researcher\u2019s personal exile experiences, observations, and related lit- erature, the study concludes that while many Cameroonian migrants still face many economic challenges or are unable to access economic opportunities due to lack of legal documentation, the lifestyles of most permanent residents and those who have obtained South Africa citizenship tell a different story. The second article by Derek Yu and Joseph Kleinhans is entitled \u201cThe impact of inter-provincial migration on the labor market outcomes in two developed prov- inces in South Africa\u201d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-794", "words": "10055", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Nzabamwita, Jonas ", "title": "African Migrants\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 Characteristics and Remittance Behaviour: Empirical Evidence from Cape Town in South ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; africa african; behaviour; cape; characteristics; countries; evidence; goods; home; human; migrants; migration; mobility; remittance behaviour; remittances; review; south africa; town; vol", "summary": "Goods remittances to Zimbabwe are perhaps related to production that dwindled after the implementation of land reform policies (see Kerzner, 2006; Kerzner, 2009; Polzer, 2010). By the same token, international migrants establish social and political networks in their countries of residence through which they acquire a wealth of information, values, technology, intellectual capacity and social capital (knowledge, experience and expertise) as well as other tools that are transmitted to their respective countries in the form of social remittances (Levit, 1988; Goldring 2002; Goldring, 2004; Mohamoud & Fr\u00e9chaut, 2006; Levitt & Lamba-Nieves, 2011).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-795", "words": "8485", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-795", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; ball; birth; children; citizenship; country; human; migrant; nationality; registration; rights; south; statelessness; work", "summary": "There are also different pathways to child statelessness. From citizen to migrant: The scope of child statelessness in the twen- ty-first century.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-796", "words": "9528", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-796", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; age; crisis; joni; labour; men; migrants; migration; south; south africa; zimbabwe", "summary": "Figure 2: Date of migration to South Africa Source: Survey results The third peak, which was unexpected and more difficult to explain, occurred between 2013 and 2015. Migration and food security: Zimbabwean migrants in urban South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-797", "words": "12718", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-797", "date": null, "keywords": "cape; gauteng; groups; labor; labor market; market; migrants; migration; provinces; residents; south; term; western; years", "summary": "Additionally, the study aims to achieve the following specific research objectives: to determine the migration patterns in the Western Cape and Gauteng; to identify the characteristics of inter-provincial migrants into these two provinces; and to examine whether the overall impact of inter-provincial migration in the Western Cape and Upon reviewing these past recent studies on inter-provincial migration in South Africa, this research paper identified the following research gaps: first, the labor market activities of inter-provincial migrants were not investigated in detail, in most of these studies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-798", "words": "9716", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-798", "date": null, "keywords": "businesses; cape; coast; economic; experiences; female; ghana; hawkers; health; metropolis; migrants; migration; participants; sector; study; work; year", "summary": "**University of Cape Coast, Ghana Email: atanle@ucc.edu.gh Situated within the neoclassical micro-economic and migration networks theories, this study used in-depth interviews to explore the circumstances, lived experiences, risk and vulnerabilities of female migrants in selected informal sector businesses in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana. Keywords: female migrants; informal sector; vulnerabilities; sustainable development goals 59 INTRODUCTION Globally, migration is driven mainly by disparities in income and wealth, job oppor- tunities, human security, demographic trends, and social networks (UN, 2013; 2015).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-799", "words": "10166", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Mekonnen , Endale S. ", "title": "Reciprocity and Migration: The Interface between Religions", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; august; good; human; ideology; interface; migrants; migration; mobility; reciprocity; relationship; religions; review; rule; vol; world", "summary": "Such reciprocity could be spawned through the sacred texts of religions that espouse either general or positive balanced reciprocity. Such reciprocity is found within a patron - client relationship (unequal relationship).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-800", "words": "9667", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Khan, Fatima", "title": "Is Voluntary Repatriation the Preferred Durable Solution? The View of Refugees in South Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; cessation; country; home; origin; refugees; repatriation; return; solution; south; south africa; unhcr", "summary": "This paper in- corporates a study which reveals that refugees choosing to repatriate from South Africa are indeed very small in number, despite the vigorous attempts of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at promoting voluntary repatriation. As such, assumptions that voluntary repatriation is a preferred durable solution for all refugees, need to be interrogated.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-801", "words": "8696", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-801", "date": null, "keywords": "african; aspirations; august; development; education; eritrea; human; migration; mobility; national; review; vol; youth", "summary": "We analyse the literature on the factors driving Eritrean youth migration vis-\u00e0-vis push factors for migration from sub- Saharan Africa. We attempt to develop a conceptual framework that analyses the factors that drive Eritrean youth migration using the capability approach, and African Human Mobility Review, Vol. 4, No. 2 (August 2018) African Human Mobility Review, Vol. 4, No. 2 (August 2018) pg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-802", "words": "9294", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-802", "date": null, "keywords": "african; beta; causes; eba; et al; focus; international; migrants; migration; population; refugee; review; root; variable", "summary": "Thus, inspired by the extensive literature on international migration and based on data availability, 27 potential root causes of migration were selected to cover 30 sub-Saharan countries for the period between 2002 and 2016. Keywords: international migration; refugee; sub-Saharan Africa; extreme bounds analysis 103 INTRODUCTION In recent years, irregular migration from sub-Saharan Africa has been under the spotlight.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-803", "words": "9140", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-803", "date": null, "keywords": "african; attacks; business; cameroonian; community; conditions; democracy; human; material; migrants; nyamnjoh; pineteh; rights; south africa; state; studies", "summary": "Exorcising the demons within: Xenophobia, violence and statecraft in contemporary South Africa. Here, many researchers have consistently represented post-apartheid South Africa as one of the most xenophobic, negrophobic, or Afrophobic countries, not only in Africa, but in the world (see Murray, 2003; Neocosmos, 2010; Amusan and Mchunu, 2017; Pineteh, 2017, 2018).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-814", "words": "33761", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-814", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; ahmr; april; attitude; bank; countries; country; development; diaspora; east; economic; education; ethiopia; family; ghana; growth; health; households; human; impact; international; january; level; members; middle; migrants; migration; no1; non; origin; paper; perception; potential; poverty; readiness; region; remittances; research; returnees; risk; social; south; studies; study; sub; trust; university; vol.3; vol.3 no1; welfare; world", "summary": "The recent rise in migrant remittances across Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the important issues currently dominating economic policy discourse in the region. Keywords migrant remittances, microeconomic impacts, economic development, Sub-Saharan Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-815", "words": "7925", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-815", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; ahmr; bank; countries; development; economic; growth; international; january; migrant; no1; ratha; remittances; vol.3; world", "summary": "For instance, remittance recipient countries should improve the levels of financial literacy and financial inclusion for both their emigrants and the beneficiaries of remittances. The recent rise in migrant remittances across Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the important issues currently dominating economic policy discourse in the region.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-816", "words": "10192", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-816", "date": null, "keywords": "ahmr; april; community; country; development; diaspora; ghana; ghanaian; international; january; members; migrants; migration; no1; origin; relations; remittances; trust; vol.3", "summary": "Fourthly, findings on the experiences of Ghanaian migrants in the UK are presented in order to highlight the impact of trust deficit in diaspora- homeland relations at the transnational level. Findings Trust as A Critical Component in Diaspora-Homeland Relations: The Case Of Ghana This section examines the concept of trust between diasporas and their homelands by using the experiences of Ghanaian migrants in the UK and their local partners as a case study.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-817", "words": "9390", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-817", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; ahmr; attitudes; east; ethiopian; middle; migrants; migration; no1; perception; potential; readiness; returnees; risk; south; vol.3", "summary": "Re-conceptualizing human trafficking: The experiences of Ethiopian returnee migrants. Mental health and somatic distress among Ethiopian migrant returnees from the Middle East.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-818", "words": "69520", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; ahmr; asylum; august; border; business; cape town; city; country; cross; crush; development; economic; economy; employment; entrepreneurs; foreign; goods; government; home; icbt; international; interview; issue; johannesburg; journal; limpopo; migrants; migration; money; mozambique; non; paper; people; police; protection; refugee entrepreneurs; refugees; research; samp; sector; seekers; south africa; start; study; table; time; town refugees; traders; trading; university; urban; violence; vol.3 no2; work; xenophobia; zar; zimbabwe", "summary": "A Critical Analysis of Refugee and Informal Sector Policy and Practice in South Africa Jonathan Crush, Caroline Skinner and Manal Stulgaitis Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa Jonathan Crush, Godfrey Tawodzera, Cameron McCordic, Sujata Ramachandran and Robertson Tengeh Comparing Refugee and South African Migrant Enterprise in the Urban Informal Sector Jonathan Crush and Cameron McCordic Security Risk and Xenophobia in the Urban Informal Sector Sujata Ramachandran, Jonathan Crush and Godfrey Tawodzera The Owners of Xenophobia: Zimbabwean Informal Enterprise and Xenophobic Violence in South Africa Jonathan Crush, Godfrey Tawodzera, Abel Chikanda and Daniel Tevera Linking Harare and Johannesburg through Informal Cross-Border Entrepreneurship Godfrey Tawodzera and Abel Chikanda Informal Entrepreneurship and Cross-Border Trade between Mozambique and South Africa Abel Chikanda and Ines Raimundo ii AHMR _________________________________________________________________________________ Chief Editor Dr Mulugeta F. Dinbabo University of the Western Cape, South Africa Board Members Dr Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Dr Delali Margaret Badasu University of Ghana, Ghana Dr Edmond Agyeman University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Dr Ernest Angu Pineteh University of Pretoria, South Africa Dr Joseph Yaro University of Ghana, Ghana Prof Laurence Piper University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Linda Oucho African Migration and Development Policy Centre, Kenya Prof Loren Landau University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Dr Lothar Smith Radboud University, Netherlands Dr Meselu Alamnie Mulugeta Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Prof Raul Delgado Wise Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Mexico Dr Razack Karriem University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Sharon Penderis University of the Western Cape, South Africa Prof Simon Bekker University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Prof Shimelis Gulema Stony Brook University, New York Prof Thomas Faist Bielefeld University, Germany ____________________________________________________________________________________ Webpage: www.sihma.org.za Copyright \u00a9 2017 by the SCALABRINI INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN MOBILITY IN AFRICA 47, Commercial St, 8001 Cape Town \u2013 South Africa Tel. 0027 021 461 4741, Email: editor@sihma.org.za http://sihma.org.za/mulugeta-dinbabo http://sihma.org.za/beneberu-wondimagegnhu/ http://sihma.org.za/delali-badasu/ http://sihma.org.za/edmond-agyeman/ http://sihma.org.za/laurence-piper/ http://sihma.org.za/linda-oucho/ http://sihma.org.za/loren-landau/ http://sihma.org.za/lothar-smith/ http://sihma.org.za/meselu-alamnie-mulugeta/ http://sihma.org.za/raul-delgado-wise/ http://sihma.org.za/sharon-penderis/ http://sihma.org.za/shimelis-gulema/ http://sihma.org.za/thomas-faist/ mailto:editor@sihma.org.za iii African Human Mobility Review ___________________________________________________________________________", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-822", "words": "4242", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": null, "title": "ahmr-822", "date": null, "keywords": "africa; africans; business; issue; migrants; migration; myth; refugees; sector; south", "summary": "Statistics South Africa (SSA) is thus currently trying to work out why Census 2011 recorded a total of 2,188,872 foreign-born people in the country while the 2016 Community Survey recorded only 1,578,541 (SSA, 2016:25). Statistics South Africa (SSA).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-824", "words": "11325", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Crush, Jonathan; Skinner, Caroline; Stulgaitis, Manal", "title": "Benign Neglect or Active Destruction? A Critical Analysis of Refugee and Informal Sector Policy and Practice in South Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "act; africa; approach; asylum; business; cape; city; crush; development; economy; national; paper; policy; refugee; sector; seekers; skinner; south; south africa; town", "summary": "Women Street Traders in Urban South Africa: A Synthesis of Selected Research Findings. A Critical Analysis of Refugee and Informal Sector Policy and Practice in South Africa 776 self-reliance from refugees and informal sector policies that undermine self- reliance at every turn.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-825", "words": "9983", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Crush, Jonathan; Tawodzera, Godfrey; McCordic, Cameron; Ramachandran, Sujata; Tengeh, Robertson", "title": "Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; business; cape; cape town; crush; economies; entrepreneurs; limpopo; ramachandran; refugee; refugee entrepreneurs; south; south africa; tawodzera; town; town refugees; urban", "summary": "The in-depth interviews with Limpopo refugee entrepreneurs for this study confirmed that xenophobic violence was a major factor in relocation from cities of first refuge. As many as 45% of sampled Cape Town refugees said that xenophobia had affected their business operations to some extent (20%) or a great deal (25%).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-827", "words": "8072", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Crush, Jonathan; McCordic, Cameron", "title": "Comparing Refugee and South African Migrant Enterprise in the Urban Informal Sector ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africans; business; enterprise; entrepreneurs; migrant; odds; refugees; sector; south; south africans; table", "summary": "However, the majority of all businesses were started in the last decade, with Jonathan Crush and Cameron McCordic 832 61% of refugee businesses and 44% of South African businesses established after 2010. In the case of Cape Town, there are areas of the city where each group tends to dominate: refugee businesses are more common in the CBD and Bellville, for instance, while South Africans are more commonly located along transport routes in and out of the city (such as on streets and at taxi ranks and bus terminals).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-830", "words": "6890", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Ramachandran, Sujata; Crush, Jonathan; Tawodzera, Godfrey", "title": "Security Risk and Xenophobia in the Urban Informal Sector", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africans; businesses; cape; police; refugees; risks; security; south; town; violence; xenophobia", "summary": "Refugees reported higher levels of conflict with South African competitors (33%) than South Africans did with refugees (19%) and with other South Africans (21%). Foreign nationals were placing a strain on government services and \u201cdominating trade in certain sectors such as consumable goods in informal settlements which has had a negative impact on unemployed and low skilled South Africans.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-831", "words": "10719", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Crush, Jonathan; Tawodzera, Godfrey; Chikanda, Abel; Tevera, Daniel", "title": "The Owners of Xenophobia: Zimbabwean Informal Enterprise and Xenophobic Violence in South Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; cape; crush; interview; johannesburg; migrants; people; south; south africa; town; violence; xenophobia; zimbabwean", "summary": "Making migrants' il-legible': The policies and practices of documentation in post-apartheid South Africa. From victims to agents: Zimbabweans and xenophobic violence in post-apartheid South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-832", "words": "8896", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Tawodzera, Godfrey; Chikanda, Abel", "title": "Linking Harare and Johannesburg through Informal Cross-Border Entrepreneurship", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; border; business; cross; economy; goods; harare; icbt; johannesburg; money; south; tawodzera; traders; zar; zimbabwe", "summary": "As Zimbabwe\u2019s shops emptied and the purchasing power of the Zimbabwean dollar evaporated during the economic meltdown of 2008, ICBT traders played a critical role in ensuring that essential supplies, such as foodstuffs, remained accessible to many households. By far the largest proportion of ICBT traders began operations Godfrey Tawodzera and Abel Chikanda 917 during and after the economic crisis of 2008, with nearly three-quarters starting up between 2006 and 2014.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-833", "words": "8985", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Chikanda, Abel; Raimundo, Ines", "title": "Informal Entrepreneurship and Cross-Border Trade between Mozambique and South Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; border; business; chikanda; cross; economy; entrepreneurship; goods; maputo; mozambican; mozambique; raimundo; sector; south; south africa; traders; zar", "summary": "Category B: 61 Mozambican traders who travel to and from Johannesburg, buying goods in South Africa and supplying other informal traders in Maputo. This terminology clearly reflects the tension that exists between informal traders and law enforcement agents.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-834", "words": "7316", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Ackermann, Marilize", "title": "Unaccompanied and Separated Children in South Africa: is Return the Only Option?", "date": "2021", "keywords": "act; africa; birth; care; cases; children; documentation; south; south africa", "summary": "With regard to child protection, DSD assumes greater vulnerability of unaccompanied children and this distinction therefore impacts upon the child\u2019s ability to access child protection services (DSD, 2009). It is recommended that investment in family tracing and reunification services be considered; particularly for the DRC, from whence the largest number of unaccompanied children come.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-835", "words": "7905", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Setrana, Mary Boatemaa", "title": "Post-Migration Outcomes and the Decision to Return: Processes and Consequences", "date": "2021", "keywords": "country; decision; development; education; factors; ghana; home; migrants; migration; respondents; return; returnees; years", "summary": "Abstract This paper examines the decision-making processes of return migrants, especially since the 2001 introduction of government programmes to encourage the return of skilled migrants who have the capacity to contribute their quota to the development agenda of Ghana. The educational level of return migrants was generally high, with 61% having either a university or diploma certificate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-836", "words": "8900", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Blocher, Julia; Gharbaoui, Dalila", "title": "Long Term Solutions to Cross-border Disaster Displacement: Lessons from West Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; border; change; climate; countries; cross; disaster; displacement; february; international; migration; people; region; relocation; solutions; states; west", "summary": "Addressing Disaster Displacement Risk Durable Solutions A number of avenues for helping displaced people to rebuild their livelihoods and find long-term solutions could potentially be developed and applied to situations of cross-border disaster displacement. Email: dgharbaoui@doct.ulg.ac.be/ dalila.gharbaoui@pg.canterbury.ac.nz mailto:Juliablocher@gmail.com mailto:blocher@unu.edu Long Term Solutions to Cross-border Disaster Displacement: Lessons from West Africa 1021 Introduction West Africa is known across the world for its admirable adherence to its long- held principles of hospitality and inclusion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-837", "words": "8622", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Mwangi, Jane Njeri; Asiedu, Alex Boakye", "title": "\u00e2\u20ac\u0153I am Going Home\u00e2\u20ac\u009d: How Kenyan Migrants\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 Intentions to Return Home Affect their Transnational Engagements", "date": "2021", "keywords": "countries; country; home; intentions; kenya; migrants; migration; respondents; return; return migration; study; visits", "summary": "Nonetheless, many studies on return migration focus on the reintegration of return migrants (Carling et al., 2015; Koser & Kuschminder, 2015; Kuschminder, 2013; Pennington & Balaram, 2013; Zwania-R\u00f6\u00dfler & Ivanova, 2013). In recent years, there has been an upsurge of policy and scientific interest on return migration due to the strong links between return migration and development (de Haas & Fokkema, 2011).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-838", "words": "8629", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Imoro, Razak Jaha", "title": "North-South Migration and Problems of Migrant Traders in Agbogbloshie", "date": "2021", "keywords": "accra; activities; agbogbloshie; areas; destination; development; ghana; livelihood; market; migrants; migration; north; poverty; problems; south; traders", "summary": "However, migrants traders showed resilience and knew that their livelihood depended on how they were able to confront these problems. Furthermore, inability to access credit facilities, theft of migrant traders\u2019 wares, discrimination against migrants, exploitation of migrants by market leaders and harassment by city authorities were some of the problems that migrant traders faced.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-848", "words": "39733", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "ababa; access; addis; african; border; challenges; communities; community; countries; country; december; eritrean; ethiopian; family; government; health; host; human; immigrant; integration; international; members; metema; migrants; migration; mobility; mobility review; non; people; policies; policy; refugees; relationships; remittances; research; review; services; smuggling; somali; south; south africa; state; studies; study; sudan; u.s; university; urban; vol", "summary": "Whereas, 81% of migrants in South Africa migrants reported challenges in documentation. There are many houses in the town mainly built to host migrants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-849", "words": "9825", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Ayalew, Tekalign; Adugna, Fekadu; Deshingkar, Priya", "title": "Social Embeddedness of Human Smuggling in East Africa: Brokering Ethiopian Migration to Sudan", "date": "2021", "keywords": "ababa; actors; addis; africa; ayalew; border; brokers; clandestine; ethiopian; industry; khartoum; metema; migrants; migration; route; smuggling; sudan; sudanese", "summary": "Profiling Ethiopian migration: A comparison of characteristics of Ethiopian migrants to Africa, the Middle East and the North. The focus of this paper is socio-political and cultural dimensions of smuggling of Ethiopian migrants to Sudan along the north-western route, which links villages and towns in Ethiopia to Khartoum, via the town of Metema, which is located along the Ethiopian-Sudanese border.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-850", "words": "10014", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Mena, Wogene Berhanu", "title": "Refugee Integration between a Rock and a Hard Place: Challenges and Possibilities of Local Integration as a Durable Solution for Eritrean and Somali Refugees in Ethiopia", "date": "2021", "keywords": "ababa; addis; berhanu; communities; community; countries; country; ethiopia; host; host communities; integration; policy; refugees; somali; state; wogene", "summary": "In the countries of resettlement, the level of refugee integration with the hosts is determined by the following variables: employment, education, health service and naturalisation (Ager & Strang, 2004). Therefore, the aforementioned studies about urban refugee integration with the host communities approach the issue of local integration as one-directional (only from refugees\u2019 or hosts\u2019 perspective).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-851", "words": "10879", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta F; Ile, Isioma; Majee, Wilson; Belebema, Michael; Boadu, Evans", "title": "Evaluating System Efficiencies and Service Delivery of Immigrant Population in South Africa and United States", "date": "2021", "keywords": "access; african; challenges; countries; delivery; health; healthcare; immigrant; international; migrants; migration; policies; population; services; south; south africa; system; u.s; united", "summary": "Whereas, 81% of migrants in South Africa migrants reported challenges in documentation. 'There is no difference between citizens and non-citizens anymore': Violent xenophobia, citizenship and the politics of belonging in post-apartheid South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-852", "words": "8249", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Mukwembi, Thebeth, R; Maharaj, Pranitha ", "title": "Understanding Relationships and Remittance Flow During the Migration Period: Strength of Social Ties as a Factor Determining Remittance Behaviour", "date": "2021", "keywords": "country; family; household; members; migrants; migration; non; participants; period; relationships; remittances; study", "summary": "Although remittances are regarded as an outcome of migration with far reaching effects as a livelihood strategy, not all non-migrants with migrant family members are recipients of remittances. The high unemployment rate and economic situation in Zimbabwe compel households to rely on remittances transferred by migrant family members.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-859", "words": "1645", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Girma, Hewan", "title": "Children of Hope: The Odyssey of the Oromo Slaves from Ethiopia to South Africa, by Sandra Rowoldt Shell. Ohio University Press, 2018, 352 pages. ISBN: 978-0-8214-2318-9. Hardcover price: $49.95.", "date": "2021", "keywords": "children; enslaved; oromo; shell", "summary": "Bartering children for food became a means of survival, and Shell aptly notes that \u201censlavement was an individuated, not a collective process\u201d (p. 191). For instance, while Shell mentions the system of guddifachaa, whereby individual children are adopted into a new family, she neglects to address the system of mass assimilation campaigns knows as mogassa, where entire communities are voluntarily or forcibly integrated into the Oromo group, thus gradually increasing the size of the Oromo population.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-860", "words": "350", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "17", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; university", "summary": "ii AHMR _________________________________________________________________________________ Chief Editor Prof Mulugeta F. Dinbabo University of the Western Cape, South Africa Board Members Dr Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Dr Delali Margaret Badasu University of Ghana, Ghana Dr Edmond Agyeman University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Dr Ernest Angu Pineteh University of Pretoria, South Africa Dr Joseph Yaro University of Ghana, Ghana Prof Laurence Piper University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Linda Oucho African Migration and Development Policy Centre, Kenya Prof Loren Landau University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Dr Lothar Smith Radboud University, Netherlands Dr Meselu Alamnie Mulugeta Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Prof Raul Delgado Wise Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Mexico Dr Razack Karriem University of the Western Cape, South Africa Dr Sharon Penderis University of the Western Cape, South Africa Prof Simon Bekker University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Prof Shimelis Gulema Stony Brook University, New York Prof Thomas Faist Bielefeld University, Germany ____________________________________________________________________________________ AHMR is accredited by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) in South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-861", "words": "140", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "28", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Contents", "date": "2021", "keywords": "review", "summary": "Decomposing Remittances from International Migration over Human Capital Development: Lesson from Nigeria Experience Asogwa Ikechukwu Sebastine, Anumudu Charles Nnamdi, Ugwuanyi Charles Uche and Ogbuakanne Maryann Uche 1459 Migrant Remittances Inspired Enterprises in Tsholotsho: Issues of Sustainability Gracious Maviza, Mandlenkosi Maphosa, Nevel Tshuma, Zenzo Dube and Tomson Dube 1482 Precarious mobility: Infrastructures of Eritrean Migration through the Sudan and the Sahara Desert Tekalign Ayalew Mengiste 1510 The Value of Human Dignity in the Refugee Protection Callixte Kavuro 1535 The Migration Processes in Ghana: The Case of Northern Migrants Shamsu Deen-Ziblim and Adadow Yidana iii African Human Mobility Review ___________________________________________________________________________", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-862", "words": "5380", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Sebastine, Asogwa Ikechukwu; Nnamdi, Anumudu Charles; Uche, Ugwuanyi Charles; Uche, Ogbuakanne Maryann", "title": "Decomposing Remittances from International Migration over Human Capital Development: Lesson from Nigeria Experience", "date": "2021", "keywords": "capital; capital development; development; education; emigrants; international; level; migration; nigeria; odds; remittances", "summary": "According to Stalker (1997), International migration is one of the major keys that drives the globalization process. Likewise, IOM (2016) reveals that international migration is a force for development and international cooperation for both countries of origin and countries of destination.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-863", "words": "8921", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Mutambara, Victoria M; Naidu, Maheshvari ", "title": "Probing the Context of Vulnerability: Zimbabwean Migrant Women's Experiences of Accessing Public Health Care in South Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "access; africa; care; health; health care; human; migrant; participants; services; south; south africa; system; women; xenophobia; zimbabwean", "summary": "Public health care is funded by taxpayers and the private sector provides services to those who can afford medical aid or pay privately for health care. It particularly examines the extent to which underlying social and institutional factors of vulnerability make it challenging for Zimbabwean migrant women to access public health care in South Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-864", "words": "8036", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Lawack, Vivienne", "title": "Towards a Legal and Regulatory Framework for South African Domestic Remittances: Some Considerations", "date": "2021", "keywords": "act; african; bank; framework; funds; nps; payment; remittances; rsp; sarb; services; south; system", "summary": "In an open remittance network, an RSP is able to offer remittance services to customers without owning any access points in the recipient country. Providers of remittance services fall within the payment system, albeit at a lower level of the entire system or the \u2018outer layer\u2019, as the author previously described the layers of the NPS (Lawack-Davids, 2008).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-865", "words": "9799", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Mulu, Ngwi Nnam Thecla ", "title": "COVID-19 and its Effects on the Lives and Livelihoods of Congolese Female Asylum Seekers and Refugees in the City of Cape Town", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; asylum; asylum seekers; congolese; covid-19; effects; gender; migrants; migration; pandemic; participant; refugees; south; south africa; status; women; work", "summary": "27 COVID-19 and its Effects on the Lives and Livelihoods of Congolese Female Asylum Seekers and Refugees in the City of Cape Town Ngwi Nnam Thecla Mulu* and Katebesha Mbanza * Rhodes University, South Africa Email: n.mulu@ru.ac.za This paper explores the socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives and livelihoods of Congolese female asylum seekers and refugees living in Cape Town. No 1, JAN-APR 2021 Socio-economic effects of COVID-19 on female Congolese asylum seekers and refugees Several authors have argued that Congolese asylum seekers and refugees experience a myriad of challenges in an effort to eke out a living in South Africa (Amisi, 2005; Smit and Rugunanan, 2014; Schockaert et al., 2020).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-868", "words": "8669", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Baison, Precious", "title": "Recruitment and Job-Seeking Mechanisms for Zimbabwean Women Care Workers in the Domestic Services Sector in South Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; agencies; care; employers; employment; job; labour; migrant; migration; recruitment; south; south africa; women; workers; zimbabwean", "summary": "CONTEXTUALIZATION: MIGRANT STATUS AND RECRUITMENT PROCESSES FOR DOMESTIC WORKERS The recruitment and employment of migrant domestic workers is governed by the immigration and labor policies of the destination countries. While the involvement of recruitment agencies in this process ensures that migrant domestic workers have employment contracts and are legally resident in the destination countries, concerns have been raised that sponsored visas often have stringent conditions that, for example, make it difficult to change employers if the migrant worker is unhappy about the employment conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-869", "words": "7601", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Kyei, Justice Richard Kwabena Owusu; Smoczynski, Rafal ; Setrana, Mary Boatemaa", "title": "Evidence of Spiritual Capital in the Schooling of Second-Generation Ghanaians in Amsterdam", "date": "2021", "keywords": "aiccs; amsterdam; capital; church; education; generation; generation ghanaians; generation migrants; ghanaians; immigrant; integration; migrants; religion; religiosity; research; schooling", "summary": "Second- generation migrants invest time, energy and resources in the religious field and in the process, they accumulate spiritual capital. In the case of forty of the research participants, Sunday school programs inculcated religious education in second-generation migrants through which they develop religious beliefs, knowledge or conviction about morality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-870", "words": "44594", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "accra; african; approach; april; asylum; border; capital; community; convention; countries; country; development; dignity; economic; education; enterprises; environment; eritrean; ethiopia; europe; female; ghana; human; international; khartoum; labour; law; level; migrants; migration; mobility; mobility review; money; people; porters; protection; refugees; remittances; resources; rights; seekers; smugglers; socio; south; state; study; sudan; support; treatment; tsholotsho; university; vol; zimbabwe", "summary": "461 4741, Email: editor@sihma.org.za http://sihma.org.za/mulugeta-dinbabo http://sihma.org.za/beneberu-wondimagegnhu/ http://sihma.org.za/delali-badasu/ http://sihma.org.za/edmond-agyeman/ http://sihma.org.za/laurence-piper/ http://sihma.org.za/linda-oucho/ http://sihma.org.za/loren-landau/ http://sihma.org.za/lothar-smith/ http://sihma.org.za/meselu-alamnie-mulugeta/ http://sihma.org.za/raul-delgado-wise/ http://sihma.org.za/sharon-penderis/ http://sihma.org.za/shimelis-gulema/ http://sihma.org.za/thomas-faist/ http://www.sihma.org.za/ mailto:editor@sihma.org.za African Human Mobility Review, Vol. 5, No. 1 (April 2019) iii African Human Mobility Review ___________________________________________________________________________", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-872", "words": "8245", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Maviza, Gracious; Maphosa, Mandlenkosi; Tshuma, Nevel; Dube, Zenzo; Dube, Tomson", "title": "Migrant Remittances Inspired Enterprises in Tsholotsho: Issues of Sustainability", "date": "2021", "keywords": "business; development; district; enterprises; environment; households; human; ilo; remittances; review; study; sustainability; tsholotsho; zimbabwe", "summary": "There are several external constraints to enterprise development (which businesses may have no control over) and internal constraints to enterprise development (relating to the capacities and knowledge of entrepreneurs) Given the broad nature of the concept of good governance, this study focuses on the availability of legal frameworks that support enterprise development and growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-874", "words": "10593", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Mengiste, Tekalign Ayalew", "title": "Precarious Mobility: Infrastructures of Eritrean migration through the Sudan and the Sahara Desert", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; border; desert; eritrean; europe; externalization; human; khartoum; knowledge; libya; mengiste; migrants; migration; mobility; smugglers; sudan; violence", "summary": "In addition, countries such as Ethiopia and the Sudan cooperate with the EU in border controls as they introduce tough border control strategies including African Human Mobility Review, Vol 5, No 1, April 2019 seizing and imprisoning Eritrean migrants irregularly transiting through their territories (cf. Before departure, Eritrean migrants spend months to years gathering the necessary migration knowledge.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-875", "words": "10009", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Kavuro, Callixte", "title": "The Value of Human Dignity in the Refugee Protection", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; asylum; convention; dignity; international; protection; refugees; rights; seekers; socio; treatment", "summary": "The main question is whether socio-economic rights are refugee rights or human rights or both, prior to analysing their role in the protection of the right to the economic development of refugees. It therefore functions as an interpretive tool to give meaning, substance, content and scope to those rights contained in the Bill of Rights or to those fundamental rights which are not contained in the Bill of Rights, such as refugee rights.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-876", "words": "7712", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Deen-Ziblim, Shamsu; Yidana, Adadow", "title": "The Migration Processes in Ghana: The Case of Northern Migrants", "date": "2021", "keywords": "accra; ghana; kayayei; migration; money; networks; north; porters; review; south; tamale; women; work", "summary": "Thus, the need to earn enough money for the journey to Accra and the fear of migrating to Accra without the necessary networks is an important factor for stepwise migration among female porters. In a focus group discussion with female porters in Mallam Atta Market in Accra, the porters mentioned that they always get information about Accra, the Kayayei work, and other economic activities in the city before making a decision to migrate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-879", "words": "47362", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; august; border; business; challenges; china; chinese; citizens; community; conflicts; countries; country; crisis; data; development; economic; ecowas; ecowas protocol; egyptian; farmers; free; ghana; ghanaian; human; implementation; international; laws; leone; libya; member; migrants; migration; mobility review; movement; new; nigeria; nigerien; officials; paper; pastoralists; people; policies; policy; protocol; region; sierra; states; study; traders; transhumance; travel; university; vol; west; west africa", "summary": "Keywords Libya, motivations for migration, Ghanaian migrants, Nigerian migrants, crisis situation. This policy u-turn led to the deportation of over 12 200 Ghanaian migrants between 2000 and 2012, making Libya one of the leading countries deporting Ghanaian migrants (Bob-Milliar, 2012; Kleist, 2017).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-880", "words": "1894", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Teye, Joseph Kofi", "title": "Introduction ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; ghana; migration; mobility; region; west", "summary": "Intra-regional migration patterns in the West African region have shown a certain historical continuity of mobility patterns observed in the colonial era, with many migrants moving from countries in Sahel zone (i.e. Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger) to the mineral-rich and plantation-rich coastal countries, especially C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal and The Gambia (Awumbila et al, 2014). Intra-regional migration in West Africa is largely facilitated by the Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Right of Residence and Establishment which was adopted in 1979 by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), made up of 15 of the 16 in countries in West Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-881", "words": "10602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Teye, Joseph Kofi; Awumbila, Mariama; Nikoi, Ebenezer", "title": "Ambiguity and Symbolism in the Implementation of the ECOWAS Free Movement Protocol: Evidence from Ghana and Sierra Leone", "date": "2021", "keywords": "border; countries; ecowas; ecowas protocol; free; ghana; implementation; leone; migrants; migration; movement; policy; protocol; sierra", "summary": "An immigration officer in Sierra Leone noted that as a result of the belief that the civil war was partly caused by mercenaries from other countries, border officials are concerned about the security implications of the inflows of migrants: There is a general belief that the some fighters from other countries caused the civil war that destroyed our country. To explain why and how ECOWAS countries do not implement the ECOWAS protocol fully, the paper relies on the concept of stated and actual policy (Aucoin, 1971; Grainger and Konteh, 2007).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-882", "words": "10137", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Kandilige, Leander; Hamidou, Manou Nabara", "title": "Migrants in Countries in Crisis: The Experiences of Ghanaian and Nigerien Migrants during the Libyan Crisis of 2011", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; countries; country; crisis; factors; ghanaian; kandilige; libya; migrants; migration; niger; nigerien; origin; paper; return; returnees; review", "summary": "As Ghanaian return migrants asserted, poverty, family survival, unfulfilling jobs and potential reward from international migration are the main motivations for migration: I travelled to Libya due to hardship and pressure from my household. Keywords Libya, motivations for migration, Ghanaian migrants, Nigerian migrants, crisis situation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-883", "words": "10192", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Mensah Obeng, Mark Kwaku", "title": "Navigating the Unknown Treasures of Guangzhou, China: Ghanaian Traders\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 Networks and Strategies", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; agent; akorkor; business; china; chinese; ghanaian; guangzhou; import; importers; items; lamptey; market; obeng; products; scale; traders", "summary": "For instance, Lampert and Mohan (2014) and Obeng (2018) make the point that what generally gets framed by outsiders as tension between Africans and Chinese traders, is mostly a demonstration of competing African interests, mostly between those who have the capacity to import directly from China and those African distributors and consumers who do not have such transnational capabilities and have over time come to appreciate Chinese traders as a cheaper source of Chinese goods. Africa in their words: A study of Chinese traders in South Africa, Lesotho, Botswana, Zambia and Angola.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-884", "words": "4922", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Agyeman, Edmond Akwasi; Amoako-Gyampah, Akwasi Kwarteng", "title": "Cross-Cultural Ties between Ghana and Egypt: The Agency of the Egyptian Community in Accra, Ghana", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; communities; community; egyptian; ghana; ghanaians; migrants; nkrumah; ties; trade", "summary": "It examines: (1) the type of cross-border and transnational ties that Egyptian migrants in Ghana have established between Ghana and Egypt; (2) how these ties generate cross-cultural relations between Ghana and Egypt; and (3) the extent to which these ties provide a privileged economic and political position to the Egyptian community in Ghana. Keywords Egyptian migrants in Ghana, intermarriage, privilege, economic and political position.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-885", "words": "8679", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Adzande, Patience", "title": "Migration of Pastoralists in Africa: Reflections on Practical and Policy Implications", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; conflicts; ecowas; farmers; herders; laws; movement; nigeria; pastoralists; protocol; states; transhumance; transhumance protocol; west", "summary": "The finding also deflates the skewed impression created by the dominant narratives that cross-border pastoralists are the sole perpetrators of conflicts in their host communities. The reason for the introduction of the transhumance certificate was to document the movement of cross-border pastoralists.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-886", "words": "43985", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "access; adolescent; african; business; cape; class; community; country; data; december; development; djibouti; ethiopian; experiences; families; gender; ghana; girls; head; health; human; immigrant; information; international; journal; living; migrants; migration; mobility; mobility review; money; paper; people; pineteh; poverty; research; security; somali; south africa; status; studies; study; support; town; u.s; university; urban; violence; vol; women; work; working; xenophobia; zimbabwe", "summary": "Zimbabwean migrant women in South Africa are forced to navigate not only a singular crisis at a particular location but also two ongoing crises occurring at the same time. Although there are several scholars (Chireka, 2015; Dodson 2010; Crush and Tawodzerwa, 2017b) who have published work pertaining to the challenges that Zimbabwean migrant women encounter in South Africa, very few addresses how the concept of human security can be included in the discourse of female migration, xenophobia and gender-based violence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-887", "words": "7946", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Angu, Pineteh E.", "title": "Living on the Fringes of Life and Death: Somali Migrants, Risky Entrepreneurship and Xenophobia in Cape Town", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; business; cape; migrants; pineteh; shop; somali; south; south africa; town; townships; violence; xenophobia", "summary": "In Cape Town townships and elsewhere, locals have repeatedly attributed these social pathologies to the proliferation of Somali businesses and the resultant contestation over business spaces. Despite the success of South African businesses in townships, the expansion of Somali businesses in these areas has led to unhealthy business rivalry between locals and Somalis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-888", "words": "6850", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Majee, Wilson; Dinbabo, Mulugeta; Ile, Isioma; Belebema, Michael", "title": "African Immigrant and Refugee Families\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 Perceptions on Informational Support and Health Status: A Comparison of African Immigrants Living in South Africa and the United States", "date": "2021", "keywords": "access; african; country; health; healthcare; human; immigrants; information; migration; services; south; south africa; support; u.s", "summary": "Although evidence suggests that African immigrants in general have a health advantage over other immigrant groups, this work is limited to comparisons between black immigrants (from all regions) and native-born African Americans or between black African immigrants and native-born African Americans (Mason et al., 2010; Read et al., 2005; Singh and Hiatt, 2006; Singh and Miller, 2004; Hummer et al., 2007; Jasso et al., 2004; Palloni and Arias, 2004). Therefore, the level of social support within the host country plays a crucial role in shaping immigrant health.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-889", "words": "10273", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Alatinga, Kennedy A.", "title": "Internal Migration, Socio-Economic Status and Remittances: Experiences of Migrant Adolescent Girl Head Porters in Ghana", "date": "2021", "keywords": "accra; adolescent; african; aspirations; business; development; families; ghana; ghs; girls; head; kayayoo; migration; money; porters; poverty; school; status", "summary": "The use of human transport in the form of adolescent girl head porters can also be understoond as part of the light goods transport structure in Ghana\u2019s urban markets. Commerical traders and some shoppers in Ghana\u2019s urban markets engage the services of adolescent girl head porters to transport their goods from one point to another (Agarwal et al., 1997).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-890", "words": "9486", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Eresso, Meron Zeleke", "title": "Social Inequality and Social Mobility: The Construed Diversity of Ethiopian Female Labor Migrants in Djibouti", "date": "2021", "keywords": "capital; class; djibouti; ethiopian; group; informants; migrants; migration; mobility; paper; status; studies; study; workers; working", "summary": "This paper accentuates the heterogeneity of the social classes of Ethiopian female migrants and argues that the term Ethiopian female migrant is a parasol that often obscures the diverse and highly stratified migrant group. By building on lived experiences of Ethiopian female migrants, the project assesses how Ethiopian female migrants in Djibouti describe their social class trajectories reflecting on how non/belonging to a specific class shaped the scale and nature of their social exclusion and inclusion by the Djiboutian host community, and their entire integration process.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-891", "words": "8364", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Mutambara, Victoria; Maheshvari, Naidu", "title": "The Human Security Implications of Migration on Zimbabwean Migrant Women in South Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; crush; experiences; gender; migrant; migration; security; south; south africa; violence; women; zimbabwe", "summary": "Therefore, this paper reaches the conclusion that migrant women are victims of the compounded trauma of insecurities, as many of them would have encountered human insecurity consequences in their home country. Salient amongst these issues are \u201cthe rights of refugees and asylum seekers, the responsibilities of transit and destination countries, and even more pertinent the rights of migrant women\u201d (Mabera, 2015:15).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-893", "words": "682", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2021", "keywords": "ahmr; university", "summary": "Professor Mulugeta F. Dinbabo Editor-in-Chief, African Human Mobility Review (AHMR) It is a precious collection of insightful articles on various aspects and issues of human mobility, dynamics and perspectives in the African continent.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-900", "words": "1105", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Table of content and Editorial", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; migration; south", "summary": "Based on the researcher\u2019s personal exile experiences, observations, and related lit- erature, the study concludes that while many Cameroonian migrants still face many economic challenges or are unable to access economic opportunities due to lack of legal documentation, the lifestyles of most permanent residents and those who have obtained South Africa citizenship tell a different story. The second article by Derek Yu and Joseph Kleinhans is entitled \u201cThe impact of inter-provincial migration on the labor market outcomes in two developed prov- inces in South Africa\u201d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-908", "words": "10989", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Last, Tamara; Jones, Terry-Ann", "title": "European Immigrants in Johannesburg: Perceptions, Privileges and their Implications for Migration Experiences", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; black; european; experiences; immigrants; immigration; job; johannesburg; participants; people; perceptions; privileges; south; south africa; status; white; woman", "summary": "Returns to race: Labour market discrimination in post-apartheid South Africa. Anti-immigrant sentiments and violence against foreigners prevailing in contemporary South Africa are the subject of much debate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-910", "words": "40861", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulungeta", "title": "AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; african human; age; aging; ahmr african; bank; border; cape; communities; control; countries; country; data; dec; development; economic; et al; ethiopia; european; evidence; factors; group; growth; health; impact; international; irregular; journal; kenya; life; migrants; migration; migration policy; migration status; mobilty; nigeria; non; paper; persons; policies; population; ref; remittances; research; review; securitization; sep; social; south; south africa; spain; spanish; status; studies; study; sub; symptoms; threat; uganda; university; volume; world", "summary": "Studies that focus on border control mechanisms by Spanish authorities against sub-Saharan African migration have sustained that the surveillance meth- ods used at Spain\u2019s southern sea borders breach international human rights treaties, because by intercepting immigrants at sea before they reach Spanish waters, they prevent potential asylum seekers from receiving protection (Ceriani et al., 2009; Wil- liams, 2018). Politics, more than actual migration trends, is the main factor underlying the illegalization and aggressive combatting of sub-Saharan African migration to Spain.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-911", "words": "706", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "EDITORIAL", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; migration; study", "summary": "They also provide informative advice for policy-makers to think critically about migration policies, programs and projects by presenting the continent with reliable empirical research evidence. The study explores the externalization and securitization of African migration to the European Union (EU) and the consequences this has for migration governance and management for both the EU and Africa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-912", "words": "8265", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Zerihun, Mulatu F", "title": "Remittances and Economic Growth: Evidence from Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; bank; countries; data; development; ethiopia; evidence; growth; human; kenya; migration; panel; remittances; study; uganda; world", "summary": "These countries were chosen be- cause they are among the top recipients of remittance inflows in East Africa. There are studies that assess the importance of remittance inflows in Africa as a continent, while there are also specific country-level studies (Tah, 2019).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-913", "words": "8100", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Makanju, Adebayo O.M; Khan, Hafiz T.A", "title": "Determinants of Healthy Aging in Internally Displaced Communities in Nigeria", "date": "2021", "keywords": "age; aging; communities; determinants; displacement; economic; expectancy; health; host; idps; life; migration; nigeria; persons; population; ref; status; study; years", "summary": "AHMR African Human Mobilty Review - Volume 6 No 3, Sep-Dec 2020 and environmental determinants on healthy aging status among displaced migrants and non-migrants nested within the environmentally stressed region of Northeast- ern Nigeria. The WHO (2015b) report, points out that healthy aging status is significantly influenced by social de- terminants of health, for instance persons classified as socio-economically disadvan- taged, such as in the case of most IDPs, who experience markedly poorer health in older age.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-914", "words": "8993", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Agyeman, Edmond Akwasi", "title": "Between the Imagined and the Reality: Threat of African Invasion and Spain's Migration Policy in sub-Saharan Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; border; control; countries; european; group; human; invasion; migrants; migration; migration policy; paper; policies; policy; relations; spain; spanish; sub; threat", "summary": "Studies that focus on border control mechanisms by Spanish authorities against sub-Saharan African migration have sustained that the surveillance meth- ods used at Spain\u2019s southern sea borders breach international human rights treaties, because by intercepting immigrants at sea before they reach Spanish waters, they prevent potential asylum seekers from receiving protection (Ceriani et al., 2009; Wil- liams, 2018). Politics, more than actual migration trends, is the main factor underlying the illegalization and aggressive combatting of sub-Saharan African migration to Spain.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-915", "words": "6727", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Govera, Hemish", "title": "Differences in Mental Health among Migrants and Non-migrants in South Africa: Evidence from the National Income Dynamics Study", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; depression; gender; health; migrants; migration; model; non; south; status; study; symptoms", "summary": "Empirical model The study uses logit models to analyze the likelihood of migration status to impact on mental health status. The study then appraises the determinants of mental health status in South Africa by gender and sociodemographic variables.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-916", "words": "7207", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Mlambo, Victor H", "title": "Externalization and Securitization as Policy Responses to African Migration to the European Union", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; asylum; countries; development; european; externalization; human; migrants; migration; paper; policy; securitization; states", "summary": "The rest of the paper is organized as follows: after this introduction, the paper reviews EU migration management policies such as the EU charter, the EU trust fund and the new pact relating to migration. Firstly, increasing border controls has led to a diversifi- cation of trans-Saharan migration routes and trans-Mediterranean crossing points and in turn, has led to an unintended increase in the area that EU countries have to monitor to \u2018combat\u2019 irregular migration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-919", "words": "5730", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Abdulai, Abdul-Malik; Boakye-Yiadom, Louis; Quartey, Peter", "title": "The Impact of Migration on the Welfare of Households in Ghana: A Propensity Score Matching Approach", "date": "2021", "keywords": "ahmr; difference; ghana; households; impact; january; matching; migrant; migration; no1; non; vol.3; welfare", "summary": "As high as 81 percent of children in non-migrant households were enrolled in school, compared to 27.3 percent in migrant households. This result is at odds with the findings noted in the literature that through remittances migrant households are more able to improve their agricultural land holding than non-migrant households.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-922", "words": "9507", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Khan, Fatima; Kolabhai, Mikhail", "title": "Bureaucratic Barriers to Social Protection for Refugees and Asylum Seekers during the COVID-19 Disaster in South Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "access; act; affairs; africa; asylum; asylum seekers; disaster; home; protection; refugees; rights; rsa; seekers; south; state", "summary": "This paper assesses the ability of refugees and asylum seekers to access these instruments in South Africa. This is to ensure refugees and asylum seekers\u2019 need for protection is not neglected in a disaster.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-937", "words": "10891", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Okunade, Samuel; Shulika, Stella Lukong", "title": "The Dynamics of Child Trafficking in West Africa", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; child; child trafficking; children; countries; human; international; mlambo; ndebele; persons; region; rights; states; trafficking; unodc; victims; west; west africa; women", "summary": "116 AHMR African Human Mobilty Review - Volume 7 No 3, SEP-DEC 2021 The Dynamics of Child Trafficking in West Africa Samuel Kehinde Okunade* and Lukong Stella Shulika* * University of Johannesburg, South Africa Keywords: human trafficking, child trafficking, West African States, ECOWAS, child labor 117 INTRODUCTION Human trafficking as a concept and practice is as dated as the literature on it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-939", "words": "9583", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Muyonga, Mary; Otieno , Alfred ; Odipo, George ", "title": "Impact of subnational migration flows on population distribution in Kenya: Analysis using census data ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "analysis; areas; counties; county; data; flows; kenya; migrants; migration; migration flows; nairobi; net; population; studies; study; urban", "summary": "This was prompted by a study showing wide differentials in county migration rates (Adieri, 2012), which led to the conclusion that national averages mask these subnational variations. This study considered county migration patterns and their impact on spatial distribution in Kenya, using data from successive censuses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-941", "words": "7679", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Asha, Aklilu", "title": "Complexities in the Case Management of Unaccompanied Minors: Perceptions of Social Workers Practicing in the Polokwane Child and Youth Care Centres ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "act; africa; care; cases; children; management; minors; protection; rights; south; workers", "summary": "Regardless of the inadequate knowledge base of unaccompanied minors\u2019 cases, child protection social workers have to make decisions and act. The United States, for instance, experienced a rapid growth in the number of unaccompanied children entering the country through the US/Mexican border between 2011 and 2014 (Rosenblum, 2015).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-945", "words": "14907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Asquith, Paul; Neetzow, Richard; von Freeden, Julia; Sch\u00fctze, Paul ", "title": "The Link between Documentation Status, Occupation Status, and Healthcare Access for African migrants", "date": "2021", "keywords": "access; african; data; documentation; groups; health; health access; health services; health status; healthcare; healthcare access; kenya; march; migrants; migration; nigeria; occupation; people; policy; refugees; services; south; status; work", "summary": "In practice, this means that there can be real barriers to migrants accessing health services. Fourthly, while the research used SDH approaches to understanding migrants\u2019 health, one of the challenges inherent in the SDH framework is that it is very difficult to include, and control for, broader social determinants of migrants' health in a comprehensive way.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-948", "words": "10032", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Allotey, Ada Adoley; Kandilige, Leander", "title": "The Conundrum of Birth Tourism and American \u2018Jackpot Babies\u2019: Attitudes of Ghanaian Urban Dwellers", "date": "2021", "keywords": "american; attitudes; babies; baby; birth; birth tourism; children; citizenship; country; ghana; jackpot; jackpot babies; parents; states; tourism; tourists; united; united states", "summary": "The attitudes toward Ghanaian birth tourists to the United States constitute Attitudes towards Ghanaian birth tourists to the United States A strategy to a better future for children (RC) US citizenship & its benefits -0.328 0.633 0.721* 0.605 -1.568 0.913 Disapproval -4.004 0.710 0.018* 0.001* -5.395 -2.613 Lack of patriotism & confidence -3.340 0.722 0.035* 0.001* -4.756 -1.924 Indifference & personal choice -1.971 0.611 0.139* 0.001* -3.168 -0.774 Amend American jus soli The most widely discussed negative appraisal is the disapproval that some immigration experts in the United States have against the right that US-born citizens have and use in sponsoring their immediate relatives for American citizenship and receiving other economic benefits (Feere, 2010; Reasoner, 2011).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-950", "words": "12374", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Ayalew, Tekalign", "title": "The State, Families and Disappeared Migrants in Ethiopia ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; challenges; deaths; ethiopia; families; family; human; information; international; iom; journeys; migrants; migration; missing; ones; relatives; search; south; state", "summary": "No 3, SEP-DEC 2021 LITERATURE REVIEW: GLOBAL TRENDS AND FACTORS ACCOUNTING FOR MISSING MIGRANTS The literature addresses different dimensions of missing migrants. While Ethiopia has several national laws related to migration and has adopted and ratified relevant international human and migrant rights conventions, including the Global Compact for Migration, which calls on States to \u201csave lives and establish coordinated international efforts in relation to missing migrants\u201d (UNGA, 2018), there are no specific policies, legal frameworks or institutions in the country that concretely and proactively deal with missing Ethiopian migrants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-955", "words": "9729", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Inyama, Joseph ", "title": "Economic and Risk Perceptions Motivating Illegal Migration Abroad: Port Harcourt City Youths, Nigeria", "date": "2021", "keywords": "african; city; desert; diobu; economic; europe; harcourt; human; journey; migrants; migration; perceptions; phc; port; risk; routes; sea; study; village; youths", "summary": "So, I am now hustling in Libya to raise money for a boat [trip] to reach Europe (Port Harcourt irregular migrant in Libya). Reflecting on the circumstances that influence irregular migration abroad among PHC youths, Bayar and Aral (2019) note that some movement of migrants may not have been motivated by the need to pursue better job opportunities abroad but is the result of forced migration due to threats to life and livelihood, natural or man-made causes such as movements of persons displaced by conflicts, as well as people displaced by chemical or environmental disasters.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-956", "words": "977", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Dinbabo, Mulugeta", "title": "Editorial ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "africa; research; study", "summary": "The research concludes that despite the solid international legal framework and South Africa having a relatively well-developed legal and policy framework governing child protection, there are several critical child protection gaps that exist in terms of the implementation of these frameworks for unaccompanied or separated foreign children, by government officials. Drawing on qualitative data from two independent studies on South African attitudes towards immigrants and European immigration to South Africa, the study also critically explores the interplay of social recognition and legal authorization in relation to privileged migrants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-957", "words": "5946", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Makanju, Adebayo O.M. ; Uriri, Alex E.", "title": "Aging, Resilience, and Migration in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Belt in Nigeria", "date": "2021", "keywords": "change; climate; drivers; ecological; factors; household; migration; nigeria; non; population; resilience; study; sudano; zone", "summary": "The Environmental Driver scores (C) indicate a negative non-linear relationship with household migration resilience. There is a very clear negative linear relationship between Economic Driver (ED) scores (B) and overall household migration resilience.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "ahmr-958", "words": "5053", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Nakaiza, Jacqueline", "title": "Surviving Human Trafficking: A case for Strengthening the Escape Routes Adopted by Victims of Trafficking in Uganda", "date": "2021", "keywords": "child; escape; human; information; organizations; support; trafficking; uganda; victims", "summary": "Keywords: Escape routes; Human Trafficking; Opportunities; Strategies; Surviving; Victims 27 INTRODUCTION Over the last three decades, a rapidly expanding body of literature has emerged on the subject of human trafficking (Adepoju, 2005; Lee, 2007). 26 AHMR African Human Mobilty Review - Volume 7 No 3, SEP-DEC 2021 Surviving Human Trafficking: A Case for Strengthening the Escape Routes Adopted by Victims of Trafficking in Uganda Jacqueline Nakaiza* *", "mime": "application/pdf"}]