id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ahmr-885	1	1	african	african	PROPN
ahmr-885	1	2	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	1	3	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	1	4	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	1	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	1	6	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	7	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	1	8	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	1	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	1	10	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	1	11	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	12	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	1	13	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	1	14	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	1	15	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	1	16	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	1	17	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	1	19	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	20	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	1	21	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	1	22	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	1	23	reflections	reflection	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	24	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	1	25	practical	practical	ADJ
ahmr-885	1	26	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	1	27	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	28	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	29	patience	patience	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	30	adzande	adzande	VERB
ahmr-885	1	31	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ahmr-885	1	32	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	1	33	recent	recent	ADJ
ahmr-885	1	34	years	year	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	35	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	1	36	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	1	37	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	1	38	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	1	39	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	1	40	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	41	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	1	42	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	43	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	1	44	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	1	45	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	1	46	central	central	ADJ
ahmr-885	1	47	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	1	48	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	1	49	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	1	50	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	1	51	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	1	52	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	2	1	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	2	2	movements	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	2	3	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	2	4	supported	support	VERB
ahmr-885	2	5	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	2	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	2	7	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	2	8	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	2	9	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	2	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	2	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	2	12	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	2	13	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	2	14	respectively	respectively	ADV
ahmr-885	2	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	3	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	3	2	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	3	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	3	4	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	3	5	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	3	6	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	3	7	associated	associate	VERB
ahmr-885	3	8	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	3	9	multi	multi	ADJ
ahmr-885	3	10	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	3	11	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
ahmr-885	3	12	practical	practical	ADJ
ahmr-885	3	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	3	14	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	3	15	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	3	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	4	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	4	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	3	reflects	reflect	VERB
ahmr-885	4	4	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	4	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	4	6	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	7	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	4	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	4	10	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	4	12	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	13	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	4	14	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	4	15	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	4	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	4	17	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	4	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	4	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	4	21	presents	present	VERB
ahmr-885	4	22	pointers	pointer	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	23	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	4	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	4	25	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	26	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	4	27	future	future	ADJ
ahmr-885	4	28	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	29	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	30	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	4	31	research	research	NOUN
ahmr-885	4	32	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	5	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	5	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	3	relied	rely	VERB
ahmr-885	5	4	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	5	5	existing	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	5	6	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	7	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	5	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	5	9	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	5	10	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	11	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	5	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	5	14	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	5	15	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	5	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	5	18	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	5	19	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	20	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	21	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	22	enacted	enact	VERB
ahmr-885	5	23	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	5	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	5	25	benue	benue	PROPN
ahmr-885	5	26	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	27	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	28	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	5	29	draw	draw	VERB
ahmr-885	5	30	inferences	inference	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	31	about	about	ADP
ahmr-885	5	32	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	5	33	relevance	relevance	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	34	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	5	35	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	36	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	5	37	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	5	38	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	5	39	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	5	40	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	5	41	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	6	1	interviews	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	6	2	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	6	3	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	6	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	6	5	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	6	6	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	6	7	conducted	conduct	VERB
ahmr-885	6	8	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	6	9	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	6	10	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	6	11	augment	augment	VERB
ahmr-885	6	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	6	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	6	14	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ahmr-885	6	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	7	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	7	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ahmr-885	7	3	reports	report	VERB
ahmr-885	7	4	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	7	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	7	6	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	7	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	7	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	7	9	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	7	10	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	7	11	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	7	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	7	13	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	7	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	7	15	possession	possession	NOUN
ahmr-885	7	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	7	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	7	18	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	7	19	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	7	20	certificate	certificate	NOUN
ahmr-885	7	21	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	7	22	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	7	23	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
ahmr-885	7	24	entry	entry	NOUN
ahmr-885	7	25	requirement	requirement	NOUN
ahmr-885	7	26	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	7	27	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	7	28	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	7	29	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	7	30	implemented	implement	VERB
ahmr-885	7	31	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	7	32	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	7	33	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	8	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	8	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ahmr-885	8	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	8	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	8	5	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	8	6	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	8	7	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	8	8	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
ahmr-885	8	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	8	10	primacy	primacy	NOUN
ahmr-885	8	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	8	12	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	8	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	8	14	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	8	15	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	8	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	8	17	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	8	18	means	mean	VERB
ahmr-885	8	19	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	8	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	8	21	validity	validity	NOUN
ahmr-885	8	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	8	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	8	24	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	8	25	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	8	26	does	do	AUX
ahmr-885	8	27	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	8	28	transcend	transcend	VERB
ahmr-885	8	29	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	8	30	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	9	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	9	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	9	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	9	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	9	5	absence	absence	NOUN
ahmr-885	9	6	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	9	7	specific	specific	ADJ
ahmr-885	9	8	federal	federal	ADJ
ahmr-885	9	9	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	9	10	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	9	11	address	address	VERB
ahmr-885	9	12	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	9	13	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	9	14	created	create	VERB
ahmr-885	9	15	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	9	16	vacuum	vacuum	NOUN
ahmr-885	9	17	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	9	18	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	9	19	currently	currently	ADV
ahmr-885	9	20	being	be	AUX
ahmr-885	9	21	filled	fill	VERB
ahmr-885	9	22	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	9	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	9	24	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	9	25	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	9	26	antiopen	antiopen	ADJ
ahmr-885	9	27	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	9	28	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	9	29	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	9	30	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	9	31	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	9	32	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	9	33	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	10	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	10	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ahmr-885	10	3	calls	call	VERB
ahmr-885	10	4	for	for	SCONJ
ahmr-885	10	5	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	10	6	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	10	7	focus	focus	NOUN
ahmr-885	10	8	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	10	9	research	research	NOUN
ahmr-885	10	10	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	10	11	remove	remove	VERB
ahmr-885	10	12	contradictions	contradiction	NOUN
ahmr-885	10	13	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	10	14	existing	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	10	15	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	10	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	10	17	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	10	18	identify	identify	VERB
ahmr-885	10	19	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ahmr-885	10	20	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	10	21	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	10	22	addressing	address	VERB
ahmr-885	10	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	10	24	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	10	25	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	10	26	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	10	27	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	10	28	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	10	29	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	10	30	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	10	31	beyond	beyond	ADP
ahmr-885	10	32	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	11	1	keywords	keyword	VERB
ahmr-885	11	2	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	11	3	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	11	4	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	11	5	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	11	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	11	7	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	11	8	protocols	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	11	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	11	10	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	11	11	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	11	12	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	11	13	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	11	14	pastoral	pastoral	ADJ
ahmr-885	11	15	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	11	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	11	17	pastoral	pastoral	ADJ
ahmr-885	11	18	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	11	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	11	20	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	11	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	12	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	12	2	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	12	3	recent	recent	ADJ
ahmr-885	12	4	years	year	NOUN
ahmr-885	12	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	12	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	12	7	rate	rate	NOUN
ahmr-885	12	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	12	9	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	12	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	12	11	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	12	12	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	12	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	12	14	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	12	15	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	12	16	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	12	17	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	12	18	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	12	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	12	20	increase	increase	NOUN
ahmr-885	12	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	13	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	13	2	massive	massive	ADJ
ahmr-885	13	3	influx	influx	NOUN
ahmr-885	13	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	13	5	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	13	6	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	13	7	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	13	8	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	13	9	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	13	10	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	13	11	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	13	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	13	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	13	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	13	15	drift	drift	NOUN
ahmr-885	13	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	13	17	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	13	18	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	13	19	northern	northern	ADJ
ahmr-885	13	20	towards	towards	ADP
ahmr-885	13	21	southern	southern	ADJ
ahmr-885	13	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	13	23	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	13	24	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	13	25	associated	associate	VERB
ahmr-885	13	26	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	13	27	multi	multi	ADJ
ahmr-885	13	28	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	13	29	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
ahmr-885	13	30	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	13	31			PROPN
ahmr-885	13	32	department	department	NOUN
ahmr-885	13	33	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	13	34	urban	urban	ADJ
ahmr-885	13	35	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	13	36	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	13	37	planning	planning	NOUN
ahmr-885	13	38	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	13	39	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	13	40	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	13	41	university	university	PROPN
ahmr-885	13	42	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	13	43	makurdi	makurdi	PROPN
ahmr-885	13	44	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	13	45	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	13	46	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	14	1	email	email	NOUN
ahmr-885	14	2	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	14	3	padzande@bsum.edu.ng	padzande@bsum.edu.ng	NOUN
ahmr-885	14	4	adzande	adzande	PROPN
ahmr-885	14	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	14	6	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	14	7	1651	1651	NUM
ahmr-885	14	8	long	long	ADJ
ahmr-885	14	9	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	14	10	term	term	NOUN
ahmr-885	14	11	practical	practical	ADJ
ahmr-885	14	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	14	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	14	14	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	14	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	15	1	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ahmr-885	15	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	15	3	practical	practical	ADJ
ahmr-885	15	4	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	15	5	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	15	6	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	15	7	often	often	ADV
ahmr-885	15	8	visible	visible	ADJ
ahmr-885	15	9	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	15	10	shape	shape	NOUN
ahmr-885	15	11	lived	live	VERB
ahmr-885	15	12	experiences	experience	NOUN
ahmr-885	15	13	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	15	14	received	receive	VERB
ahmr-885	15	15	significant	significant	ADJ
ahmr-885	15	16	attention	attention	NOUN
ahmr-885	15	17	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	15	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	15	19	extant	extant	ADJ
ahmr-885	15	20	literature	literature	NOUN
ahmr-885	15	21	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	15	22	commensurate	commensurate	ADJ
ahmr-885	15	23	attention	attention	NOUN
ahmr-885	15	24	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	15	25	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	15	26	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	15	27	accorded	accord	VERB
ahmr-885	15	28	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	15	29	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	15	30	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	15	31	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	15	32	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	15	33	movements	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	15	34	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	16	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	16	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	3	therefore	therefore	ADV
ahmr-885	16	4	reflects	reflect	VERB
ahmr-885	16	5	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	16	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	16	7	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	8	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	16	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	16	11	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	16	13	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	14	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	16	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	16	16	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	16	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	16	18	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	16	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	16	21	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	16	22	presents	present	VERB
ahmr-885	16	23	pointers	pointer	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	24	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	16	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	16	26	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	27	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	16	28	future	future	ADJ
ahmr-885	16	29	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	30	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	31	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	16	32	research	research	NOUN
ahmr-885	16	33	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	17	1	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	17	2	among	among	ADP
ahmr-885	17	3	west	west	ADJ
ahmr-885	17	4	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	17	5	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	17	6	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	17	7	originally	originally	ADV
ahmr-885	17	8	viewed	view	VERB
ahmr-885	17	9	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	17	10	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	17	11	integrating	integrate	VERB
ahmr-885	17	12	factor	factor	NOUN
ahmr-885	17	13	capable	capable	ADJ
ahmr-885	17	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	17	15	promoting	promote	VERB
ahmr-885	17	16	interactions	interaction	NOUN
ahmr-885	17	17	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	17	18	populations	population	NOUN
ahmr-885	17	19	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	17	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	17	21	region	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	17	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	18	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ahmr-885	18	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	18	3	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	18	4	1978	1978	NUM
ahmr-885	18	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	18	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	18	7	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	18	8	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	18	9	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	18	10	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	18	11	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	18	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	18	13	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	18	14	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	18	15	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	18	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	18	17	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	18	18	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	18	19	ratified	ratify	VERB
ahmr-885	18	20	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	18	21	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	18	22	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	18	23	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	18	24	advancement	advancement	NOUN
ahmr-885	18	25	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	18	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	18	27	goal	goal	NOUN
ahmr-885	18	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	18	29	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	18	30	integration	integration	NOUN
ahmr-885	18	31	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	19	1	article	article	NOUN
ahmr-885	19	2	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	19	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	19	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	19	5	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	19	6	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	19	7	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	19	8	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	19	9	states	state	VERB
ahmr-885	19	10	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	19	11	“	"	PUNCT
ahmr-885	19	12	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ahmr-885	19	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	19	14	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	19	15	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	19	16	have	have	VERB
ahmr-885	19	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	19	18	right	right	NOUN
ahmr-885	19	19	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	19	20	enter	enter	VERB
ahmr-885	19	21	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	19	22	reside	reside	VERB
ahmr-885	19	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	19	24	establish	establish	VERB
ahmr-885	19	25	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	19	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	19	27	territory	territory	NOUN
ahmr-885	19	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	19	29	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	19	30	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	19	31	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	19	32	”	"	PUNCT
ahmr-885	19	33	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	20	1	however	however	ADV
ahmr-885	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	20	3	article	article	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	4	3	3	NUM
ahmr-885	20	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	20	6	numbers	number	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	7	1	1	NUM
ahmr-885	20	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	20	9	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	20	10	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	20	11	requires	require	VERB
ahmr-885	20	12	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	20	13	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	14	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	20	15	possess	possess	VERB
ahmr-885	20	16	valid	valid	ADJ
ahmr-885	20	17	travel	travel	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	18	documents	document	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	20	20	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	20	21	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	20	22	health	health	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	23	certificate	certificate	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	24	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	20	25	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	20	26	enter	enter	VERB
ahmr-885	20	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	20	28	territory	territory	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	29	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	20	30	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	20	31	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	32	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	33	through	through	ADP
ahmr-885	20	34	official	official	ADJ
ahmr-885	20	35	entry	entry	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	36	points	point	NOUN
ahmr-885	20	37	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	20	38	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	20	39	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	20	40	1979	1979	NUM
ahmr-885	20	41	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	20	42	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	21	1	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	21	2	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	21	3	evident	evident	ADJ
ahmr-885	21	4	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	21	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	21	6	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ahmr-885	21	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	21	8	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	21	9	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	21	10	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	21	11	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	21	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	21	13	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	21	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	21	15	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	21	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	22	1	this	this	PRON
ahmr-885	22	2	raises	raise	VERB
ahmr-885	22	3	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	22	4	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ahmr-885	22	5	concerning	concern	VERB
ahmr-885	22	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	22	7	regulation	regulation	NOUN
ahmr-885	22	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	22	9	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	22	10	forms	form	NOUN
ahmr-885	22	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	22	12	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ahmr-885	22	13	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	22	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	22	15	west	west	ADJ
ahmr-885	22	16	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	22	17	sub	sub	NOUN
ahmr-885	22	18	-	-	NOUN
ahmr-885	22	19	region	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	22	20	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	23	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ahmr-885	23	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	23	3	legislation	legislation	NOUN
ahmr-885	23	4	governing	govern	VERB
ahmr-885	23	5	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	23	6	began	begin	VERB
ahmr-885	23	7	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	23	8	emerge	emerge	VERB
ahmr-885	23	9	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	23	10	many	many	ADJ
ahmr-885	23	11	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	23	12	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	23	13	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	23	14	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	23	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	24	1	dyer	dyer	NOUN
ahmr-885	24	2	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	24	3	2008	2008	NUM
ahmr-885	24	4	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	24	5	noted	note	VERB
ahmr-885	24	6	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	24	7	over	over	ADP
ahmr-885	24	8	time	time	NOUN
ahmr-885	24	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	24	10	governments	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	24	11	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	24	12	sought	seek	VERB
ahmr-885	24	13	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	24	14	manage	manage	VERB
ahmr-885	24	15	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	24	16	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	24	17	primarily	primarily	ADV
ahmr-885	24	18	through	through	ADP
ahmr-885	24	19	bilateral	bilateral	ADJ
ahmr-885	24	20	accords	accord	NOUN
ahmr-885	24	21	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	24	22	sub	sub	ADJ
ahmr-885	24	23	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	24	24	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	24	25	compacts	compact	NOUN
ahmr-885	24	26	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	24	27	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	24	28	agreements	agreement	NOUN
ahmr-885	24	29	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	25	1	velasco	velasco	PROPN
ahmr-885	25	2	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	25	3	gil	gil	PROPN
ahmr-885	25	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	25	5	maru	maru	PROPN
ahmr-885	25	6	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	25	7	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	25	8	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	25	9	further	far	ADV
ahmr-885	25	10	classified	classify	VERB
ahmr-885	25	11	types	type	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	25	13	legal	legal	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	14	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	15	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	25	16	trans	tran	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	17	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	18	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	19	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	20	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	25	21	include	include	VERB
ahmr-885	25	22	bilateral	bilateral	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	23	treaties	treaty	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	24	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	25	25	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	26	agreements	agreement	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	27	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	25	28	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	29	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	25	30	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	31	legislation	legislation	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	32	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	25	33	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	34	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	35	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	25	36	non	non	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	37	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	38	binding	binding	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	39	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	40	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	25	41	memoranda	memorandum	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	42	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	25	43	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ahmr-885	25	44	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	25	45	mous	mous	ADJ
ahmr-885	25	46	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	25	47	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	26	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	26	2	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	3	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	26	4	initiated	initiate	VERB
ahmr-885	26	5	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	26	6	facilitate	facilitate	VERB
ahmr-885	26	7	trans	trans	ADJ
ahmr-885	26	8	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	26	9	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	26	10	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	11	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	26	12	specifying	specify	VERB
ahmr-885	26	13	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	14	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	26	15	processes	process	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	16	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	26	17	obtaining	obtain	VERB
ahmr-885	26	18	permits	permit	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	19	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	26	20	border	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	21	crossings	crossing	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	22	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	26	23	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	24	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	26	25	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	26	26	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	26	27	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	26	28	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	29	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	26	30	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ahmr-885	26	31	structures	structure	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	32	governing	govern	VERB
ahmr-885	26	33	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	34	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ahmr-885	26	35	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	27	1	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	27	2	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	27	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	27	4	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	27	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	27	6	has	have	VERB
ahmr-885	27	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	27	8	most	most	ADV
ahmr-885	27	9	developed	develop	VERB
ahmr-885	27	10	set	set	NOUN
ahmr-885	27	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	27	12	agreements	agreement	NOUN
ahmr-885	27	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	28	1	dyer	dyer	NOUN
ahmr-885	28	2	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	28	3	2008	2008	NUM
ahmr-885	28	4	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	28	5	identified	identify	VERB
ahmr-885	28	6	some	some	DET
ahmr-885	28	7	bilateral	bilateral	ADJ
ahmr-885	28	8	agreements	agreement	NOUN
ahmr-885	28	9	reached	reach	VERB
ahmr-885	28	10	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	28	11	mali	mali	PROPN
ahmr-885	28	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	28	13	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	28	14	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	28	15	burkina	burkina	PROPN
ahmr-885	28	16	faso	faso	PROPN
ahmr-885	28	17	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	28	18	mauritania	mauritania	NOUN
ahmr-885	28	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	28	20	niger	niger	NOUN
ahmr-885	28	21	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	28	22	senegal	senegal	NOUN
ahmr-885	28	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	28	24	cote	cote	PROPN
ahmr-885	28	25	d’ivoire	d’ivoire	NOUN
ahmr-885	28	26	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	28	27	1988	1988	NUM
ahmr-885	28	28	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	28	29	1994	1994	NUM
ahmr-885	28	30	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	29	1	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	29	2	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	29	3	agreements	agreement	NOUN
ahmr-885	29	4	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	29	5	exist	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	29	6	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	29	7	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ahmr-885	29	8	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	29	9	central	central	ADJ
ahmr-885	29	10	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	29	11	republic	republic	NOUN
ahmr-885	29	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	29	13	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ahmr-885	29	14	republic	republic	NOUN
ahmr-885	29	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	29	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	29	17	congo	congo	NOUN
ahmr-885	29	18	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	29	19	equatorial	equatorial	ADJ
ahmr-885	29	20	guinea	guinea	NOUN
ahmr-885	29	21	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	29	22	gabon	gabon	PROPN
ahmr-885	29	23	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	29	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	29	25	one	one	NUM
ahmr-885	29	26	hand	hand	NOUN
ahmr-885	29	27	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	29	28	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	29	29	benin	benin	PROPN
ahmr-885	29	30	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	29	31	burkina	burkina	PROPN
ahmr-885	29	32	faso	faso	PROPN
ahmr-885	29	33	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	29	34	cote	cote	X
ahmr-885	29	35	d’ivoire	d’ivoire	NOUN
ahmr-885	29	36	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	29	37	niger	niger	NOUN
ahmr-885	29	38	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	29	39	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	29	40	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	29	41	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	30	1	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	30	2	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	30	3	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	30	4	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	30	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	30	6	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	30	7	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	30	8	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	30	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	30	10	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	30	11	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	30	12	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	30	13	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	30	14	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	30	15	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	30	16	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	30	17	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	30	18	1998	1998	NUM
ahmr-885	30	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	30	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	30	21	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	30	22	agreements	agreement	NOUN
ahmr-885	30	23	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	30	24	consolidated	consolidate	VERB
ahmr-885	30	25	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	30	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	30	27	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	30	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	30	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	30	30	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	30	31	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	30	32	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	30	33	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	30	34	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	30	35	ratified	ratify	VERB
ahmr-885	30	36	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	30	37	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	30	38	15	15	NUM
ahmr-885	30	39	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	30	40	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	30	41	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	30	42	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	30	43	economic	economic	ADJ
ahmr-885	30	44	community	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	30	45	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	30	46	west	west	ADJ
ahmr-885	30	47	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	30	48	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	30	49	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	30	50	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	30	51	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	30	52	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	31	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	31	2	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	3	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	31	4	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	5	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	31	6	introduced	introduce	VERB
ahmr-885	31	7	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	31	8	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	31	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	31	11	importance	importance	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	31	13	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	14	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	31	15	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	31	16	key	key	ADJ
ahmr-885	31	17	source	source	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	31	19	animal	animal	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	20	products	product	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	21	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	31	22	meat	meat	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	31	24	milk	milk	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	25	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	31	26	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	31	27	designed	design	VERB
ahmr-885	31	28	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	31	29	regulate	regulate	VERB
ahmr-885	31	30	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	31	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	31	32	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	31	33	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	31	34	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	35	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	31	36	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	32	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	32	2	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	32	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	32	4	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	32	5	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	32	6	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	32	7	hinged	hinge	VERB
ahmr-885	32	8	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	32	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	32	10	premise	premise	NOUN
ahmr-885	32	11	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	32	12	“	"	PUNCT
ahmr-885	32	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	32	14	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	32	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	32	16	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	32	17	breeding	breeding	NOUN
ahmr-885	32	18	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	32	19	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	32	20	integral	integral	ADJ
ahmr-885	32	21	part	part	NOUN
ahmr-885	32	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	32	23	any	any	DET
ahmr-885	32	24	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	32	25	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	32	26	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	32	27	”	"	PUNCT
ahmr-885	32	28	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	32	29	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	32	30	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	32	31	1998	1998	NUM
ahmr-885	32	32	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	32	33	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	33	1	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	33	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	33	3	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	33	4	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	33	5	imperative	imperative	ADJ
ahmr-885	33	6	for	for	SCONJ
ahmr-885	33	7	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	33	8	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	33	9	foster	foster	VERB
ahmr-885	33	10	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ahmr-885	33	11	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	33	12	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	33	13	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	33	14	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	33	15	ensure	ensure	VERB
ahmr-885	33	16	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ahmr-885	33	17	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	33	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	33	19	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	33	20	achieve	achieve	VERB
ahmr-885	33	21	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	33	22	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	33	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	34	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	34	2	goal	goal	NOUN
ahmr-885	34	3	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	34	4	based	base	VERB
ahmr-885	34	5	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	34	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	34	7	conviction	conviction	NOUN
ahmr-885	34	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	34	9	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	34	10	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	34	11	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	34	12	“	"	PUNCT
ahmr-885	34	13	transhumant	transhumant	ADJ
ahmr-885	34	14	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	34	15	breeding	breeding	NOUN
ahmr-885	34	16	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	34	17	essential	essential	ADJ
ahmr-885	34	18	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	34	19	safeguarding	safeguard	VERB
ahmr-885	34	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	34	21	increasing	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	34	22	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ahmr-885	34	23	production	production	NOUN
ahmr-885	34	24	”	"	PUNCT
ahmr-885	34	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	35	1	interestingly	interestingly	ADV
ahmr-885	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	35	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	35	4	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	35	5	duly	duly	ADV
ahmr-885	35	6	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
ahmr-885	35	7	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	35	8	“	"	PUNCT
ahmr-885	35	9	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	35	10	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	35	11	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	35	12	source	source	NOUN
ahmr-885	35	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	35	14	health	health	NOUN
ahmr-885	35	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	35	16	social	social	ADJ
ahmr-885	35	17	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	35	18	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ahmr-885	35	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	35	20	economic	economic	ADJ
ahmr-885	35	21	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	35	22	political	political	ADJ
ahmr-885	35	23	problems	problem	NOUN
ahmr-885	35	24	”	"	PUNCT
ahmr-885	35	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	36	1	one	one	NUM
ahmr-885	36	2	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	36	3	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	36	4	problems	problem	NOUN
ahmr-885	36	5	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	36	6	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	36	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	36	8	incessant	incessant	ADJ
ahmr-885	36	9	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	36	10	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	36	11	itinerant	itinerant	ADJ
ahmr-885	36	12	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	36	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	36	14	sedentary	sedentary	ADJ
ahmr-885	36	15	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	36	16	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	36	17	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	36	18	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	36	19	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	36	20	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	36	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	37	1	while	while	SCONJ
ahmr-885	37	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	37	3	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	4	makes	make	VERB
ahmr-885	37	5	provision	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	6	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	37	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	37	8	resolution	resolution	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	37	10	disputes	dispute	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	11	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	37	12	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	37	14	nomadic	nomadic	ADJ
ahmr-885	37	15	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	16	through	through	ADP
ahmr-885	37	17	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	37	18	arbitration	arbitration	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	19	commission	commission	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	20	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	37	21	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	37	22	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	23	courts	court	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	24	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	37	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	37	26	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	27	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	37	28	continued	continue	VERB
ahmr-885	37	29	unabated	unabated	ADJ
ahmr-885	37	30	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	37	31	devastating	devastating	ADJ
ahmr-885	37	32	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	33	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	37	34	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	37	35	sub	sub	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	36	-	-	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	37	region	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	37	38	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	38	1	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	38	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	38	3	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ahmr-885	38	4	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	38	5	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	38	6	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	38	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	38	8	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	38	9	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	38	10	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	38	11	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	38	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	38	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	38	14	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ahmr-885	38	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	38	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	38	17	goal	goal	NOUN
ahmr-885	38	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	38	19	boosting	boost	VERB
ahmr-885	38	20	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ahmr-885	38	21	production	production	NOUN
ahmr-885	38	22	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	38	23	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	38	24	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	38	25	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	38	26	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
ahmr-885	38	27	becoming	become	VERB
ahmr-885	38	28	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	38	29	illusion	illusion	NOUN
ahmr-885	38	30	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	39	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	39	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	39	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	39	4	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	5	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	39	6	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	39	7	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	39	8	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	39	9	reports	report	VERB
ahmr-885	39	10	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	39	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	39	12	number	number	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	39	14	casualties	casualty	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	15	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	39	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	39	17	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	18	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	39	19	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	39	21	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	22	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	39	23	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	39	24	over	over	ADP
ahmr-885	39	25	time	time	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	26	due	due	ADP
ahmr-885	39	27	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	39	28	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	39	29	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	30	’s	’s	PART
ahmr-885	39	31	inability	inability	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	32	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	39	33	keep	keep	VERB
ahmr-885	39	34	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	39	35	peace	peace	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	36	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	39	37	arrest	arrest	VERB
ahmr-885	39	38	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	39	39	prosecute	prosecute	VERB
ahmr-885	39	40	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	39	41	perpetrators	perpetrator	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	42	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	39	43	violence	violence	NOUN
ahmr-885	39	44	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	40	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	40	2	perceived	perceive	VERB
ahmr-885	40	3	ineptitude	ineptitude	NOUN
ahmr-885	40	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	40	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	40	6	federal	federal	ADJ
ahmr-885	40	7	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	40	8	central	central	ADJ
ahmr-885	40	9	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	40	10	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	40	11	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	40	12	led	lead	VERB
ahmr-885	40	13	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	40	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	40	15	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	40	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	40	17	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	40	18	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	40	19	criminalize	criminalize	VERB
ahmr-885	40	20	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	40	21	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	40	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	40	23	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	40	24	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	40	25	some	some	DET
ahmr-885	40	26	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	40	27	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	40	28	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	40	29	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	40	30	ekiti	ekiti	PROPN
ahmr-885	40	31	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	40	32	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	40	33	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	40	34	taraba	taraba	NOUN
ahmr-885	40	35	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	41	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	41	2	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	41	3	antiopen	antiopen	ADJ
ahmr-885	41	4	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	41	5	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	41	6	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	41	7	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	41	8	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	41	9	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	41	10	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	41	11	popularly	popularly	ADV
ahmr-885	41	12	called	call	VERB
ahmr-885	41	13	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	41	14	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	41	15	perceived	perceive	VERB
ahmr-885	41	16	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	41	17	some	some	DET
ahmr-885	41	18	groups	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	41	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	41	20	especially	especially	ADV
ahmr-885	41	21	sedentary	sedentary	ADJ
ahmr-885	41	22	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	41	23	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	41	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	41	25	only	only	ADJ
ahmr-885	41	26	panacea	panacea	NOUN
ahmr-885	41	27	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	41	28	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	41	29	lingering	linger	VERB
ahmr-885	41	30	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	41	31	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	41	32	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	41	33	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	41	34	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	41	35	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	42	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	42	2	nomadic	nomadic	ADJ
ahmr-885	42	3	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	4	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	42	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	42	6	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	42	7	hand	hand	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	8	view	view	VERB
ahmr-885	42	9	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	42	10	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	11	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	42	12	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	42	13	violation	violation	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	42	15	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	42	16	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ahmr-885	42	17	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	42	18	rights	right	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	19	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	42	20	enshrined	enshrine	VERB
ahmr-885	42	21	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	42	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	42	23	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	42	24	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	25	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	42	26	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	42	27	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	42	29	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	30	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	42	31	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	32	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	42	33	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	34	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	42	35	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	42	36	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	37	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	42	38	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	39	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	42	40	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	42	41	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	42	42	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	43	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	42	44	kwaja	kwaja	PROPN
ahmr-885	42	45	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	42	46	ademola	ademola	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	47	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	42	48	adelehin	adelehin	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	49	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	42	50	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	42	51	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	42	52	nasir	nasir	NOUN
ahmr-885	42	53	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	42	54	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	42	55	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	42	56	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	43	1	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	43	2	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	43	3	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	43	4	fierce	fierce	ADJ
ahmr-885	43	5	debates	debate	NOUN
ahmr-885	43	6	about	about	ADP
ahmr-885	43	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	43	8	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ahmr-885	43	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	43	10	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	43	11	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	43	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	43	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	43	14	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	43	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	43	16	enforcing	enforce	VERB
ahmr-885	43	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	43	18	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	43	19	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	44	1	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	44	2	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	3	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	44	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	5	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	44	6	makers	maker	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	7	chart	chart	VERB
ahmr-885	44	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	44	9	adzande	adzande	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	44	11	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	12	1653	1653	NUM
ahmr-885	44	13	course	course	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	14	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	44	15	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	44	16	future	future	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	17	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	44	18	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	19	research	research	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	44	21	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	22	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	44	23	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	44	24	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	44	25	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	44	26	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	44	27	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	44	28	imperative	imperative	ADJ
ahmr-885	44	29	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	44	30	examine	examine	VERB
ahmr-885	44	31	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	44	32	ways	way	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	33	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	44	34	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	44	35	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	44	36	available	available	ADJ
ahmr-885	44	37	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	38	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	44	39	shaped	shape	VERB
ahmr-885	44	40	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	44	41	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	42	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	44	43	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	44	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	44	45	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	46	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	44	47	general	general	ADJ
ahmr-885	44	48	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	44	49	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	44	50	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	44	51	going	go	VERB
ahmr-885	44	52	forward	forward	ADV
ahmr-885	44	53	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	45	1	drawing	draw	VERB
ahmr-885	45	2	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	45	3	case	case	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	4	studies	study	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	5	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	45	6	parts	part	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	45	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	45	9	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	45	10	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	45	12	some	some	DET
ahmr-885	45	13	existing	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	45	14	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	45	16	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	45	17	paper	paper	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	18	briefly	briefly	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	19	highlights	highlight	VERB
ahmr-885	45	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	45	21	practical	practical	ADJ
ahmr-885	45	22	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	23	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	45	24	transhumant	transhumant	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	25	activities	activity	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	26	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	45	27	further	further	ADJ
ahmr-885	45	28	reviews	review	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	45	30	seemingly	seemingly	ADV
ahmr-885	45	31	unintended	unintended	ADJ
ahmr-885	45	32	effects	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	33	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	45	34	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	45	35	existing	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	45	36	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	37	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	45	38	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	45	39	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ahmr-885	45	40	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	41	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	45	42	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	45	43	emerged	emerge	VERB
ahmr-885	45	44	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	45	45	response	response	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	46	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	45	47	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	45	48	perceived	perceive	VERB
ahmr-885	45	49	failures	failure	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	50	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	45	51	extant	extant	ADJ
ahmr-885	45	52	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	45	53	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	45	54	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	45	55	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	46	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ahmr-885	46	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	46	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	46	4	paper	paper	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	5	examines	examine	VERB
ahmr-885	46	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	46	7	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	46	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	46	10	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	46	11	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	12	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	13	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	46	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	46	15	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	46	16	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	17	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	46	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	46	19	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	46	20	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	21	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	22	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	46	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	46	25	suitability	suitability	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	26	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	46	27	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	46	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	46	30	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	46	31	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	47	1	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	47	2	further	far	ADV
ahmr-885	47	3	explores	explore	NOUN
ahmr-885	47	4	available	available	ADJ
ahmr-885	47	5	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	47	6	response	response	NOUN
ahmr-885	47	7	options	option	NOUN
ahmr-885	47	8	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	47	9	amend	amend	ADJ
ahmr-885	47	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	47	11	replace	replace	NOUN
ahmr-885	47	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	47	13	remove	remove	VERB
ahmr-885	47	14	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	47	15	add	add	VERB
ahmr-885	47	16	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	47	17	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	47	18	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	47	19	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	47	20	address	address	VERB
ahmr-885	47	21	issues	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	47	22	associated	associate	VERB
ahmr-885	47	23	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	47	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	47	25	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	47	26	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	47	27	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	47	28	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	47	29	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	47	30	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	47	31	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	47	32	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	47	33	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	47	34	particular	particular	ADJ
ahmr-885	47	35	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	48	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	48	2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ahmr-885	48	3	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	48	4	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ahmr-885	48	5	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	48	6	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	48	7	formulation	formulation	NOUN
ahmr-885	48	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	48	9	review	review	NOUN
ahmr-885	48	10	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	48	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	48	12	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	48	13	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	48	14	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	48	15	its	its	PRON
ahmr-885	48	16	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	48	17	partners	partner	NOUN
ahmr-885	48	18	grapple	grapple	VERB
ahmr-885	48	19	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	48	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	48	21	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	48	22	arising	arise	VERB
ahmr-885	48	23	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	48	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	48	25	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	48	26	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	48	27	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	48	28	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	48	29	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	48	30	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	48	31	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	48	32	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	48	33	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	49	1	background	background	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	2	/	/	SYM
ahmr-885	49	3	contextualization	contextualization	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	4	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	5	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	49	6	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	49	7	adaptation	adaptation	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	8	measure	measure	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	9	entails	entail	VERB
ahmr-885	49	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	49	11	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	49	13	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	14	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	49	15	agro	agro	ADJ
ahmr-885	49	16	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	49	17	ecological	ecological	ADJ
ahmr-885	49	18	zones	zone	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	19	at	at	ADP
ahmr-885	49	20	various	various	ADJ
ahmr-885	49	21	seasons	season	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	22	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	49	23	search	search	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	49	25	pasture	pasture	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	26	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	49	27	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	49	28	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	49	29	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	50	1	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	50	2	has	have	VERB
ahmr-885	50	3	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	50	4	long	long	ADJ
ahmr-885	50	5	history	history	NOUN
ahmr-885	50	6	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	50	7	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	50	8	important	important	ADJ
ahmr-885	50	9	source	source	NOUN
ahmr-885	50	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	50	11	livelihood	livelihood	NOUN
ahmr-885	50	12	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	50	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	50	14	sahel	sahel	PROPN
ahmr-885	50	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	50	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	50	17	sudanese	sudanese	ADJ
ahmr-885	50	18	regions	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	50	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	50	20	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	50	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	51	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	51	2	depletion	depletion	NOUN
ahmr-885	51	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	51	4	arable	arable	ADJ
ahmr-885	51	5	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	51	6	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	51	7	farming	farming	NOUN
ahmr-885	51	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	51	9	rapid	rapid	ADJ
ahmr-885	51	10	urbanization	urbanization	NOUN
ahmr-885	51	11	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	51	12	caused	cause	VERB
ahmr-885	51	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	51	14	amount	amount	NOUN
ahmr-885	51	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	51	16	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	51	17	available	available	ADJ
ahmr-885	51	18	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	51	19	crop	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	51	20	production	production	NOUN
ahmr-885	51	21	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	51	22	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	51	23	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	51	24	shrink	shrink	VERB
ahmr-885	51	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	52	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	52	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	52	4	tall	tall	ADJ
ahmr-885	52	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	52	6	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	52	7	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	52	8	noted	note	VERB
ahmr-885	52	9	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	52	10	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	11	density	density	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	12	per	per	ADP
ahmr-885	52	13	hectare	hectare	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	52	15	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	16	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	17	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	52	18	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	52	19	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	52	20	41	41	NUM
ahmr-885	52	21	%	%	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	22	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	52	23	2006	2006	NUM
ahmr-885	52	24	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	52	25	2016	2016	NUM
ahmr-885	52	26	while	while	SCONJ
ahmr-885	52	27	forage	forage	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	28	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	52	29	fodder	fodder	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	30	production	production	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	31	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	52	32	significantly	significantly	ADV
ahmr-885	52	33	reduced	reduce	VERB
ahmr-885	52	34	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	52	35	leading	lead	VERB
ahmr-885	52	36	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	52	37	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	52	38	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	52	39	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	52	40	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	52	41	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	52	42	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	53	1	generally	generally	ADV
ahmr-885	53	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	53	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	53	4	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	53	5	rate	rate	NOUN
ahmr-885	53	6	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	53	7	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	53	8	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	53	9	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	53	10	largely	largely	ADV
ahmr-885	53	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	53	12	search	search	NOUN
ahmr-885	53	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	53	14	pasture	pasture	NOUN
ahmr-885	53	15	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	53	16	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	53	17	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	53	18	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	53	19	attributed	attribute	VERB
ahmr-885	53	20	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	53	21	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	53	22	ravaging	ravage	VERB
ahmr-885	53	23	effects	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	53	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	53	25	climate	climate	NOUN
ahmr-885	53	26	change	change	NOUN
ahmr-885	53	27	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	54	1	climate	climate	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	2	change	change	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	3	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	54	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	54	5	globe	globe	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	6	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	54	7	resulted	result	VERB
ahmr-885	54	8	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	54	9	longer	long	ADJ
ahmr-885	54	10	periods	period	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	54	12	droughts	drought	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	13	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	54	14	changes	change	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	15	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	54	16	precipitation	precipitation	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	17	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	18	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	54	19	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	54	20	heat	heat	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	21	waves	wave	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	22	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	54	23	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	54	24	implication	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	25	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	54	26	changes	change	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	27	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	54	28	plant	plant	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	29	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	54	30	animal	animal	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	31	ranges	range	NOUN
ahmr-885	54	32	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	55	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ahmr-885	55	3	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	55	4	climate	climate	NOUN
ahmr-885	55	5	variability	variability	NOUN
ahmr-885	55	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	7	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ahmr-885	55	8	degradation	degradation	NOUN
ahmr-885	55	9	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	55	10	socio	socio	NOUN
ahmr-885	55	11	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	12	political	political	ADJ
ahmr-885	55	13	upheavals	upheaval	NOUN
ahmr-885	55	14	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	55	15	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	55	16	altered	alter	VERB
ahmr-885	55	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	55	18	migratory	migratory	NOUN
ahmr-885	55	19	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ahmr-885	55	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	55	21	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	55	22	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	23	aremu	aremu	PROPN
ahmr-885	55	24	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	55	25	abraham	abraham	PROPN
ahmr-885	55	26	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	27	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	55	28	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	29	bonneau	bonneau	PROPN
ahmr-885	55	30	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	31	2012	2012	NUM
ahmr-885	55	32	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	33	burrows	burrow	NOUN
ahmr-885	55	34	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	55	35	kinney	kinney	PROPN
ahmr-885	55	36	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	37	2016	2016	NUM
ahmr-885	55	38	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	39	chatty	chatty	ADJ
ahmr-885	55	40	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	55	41	sternberg	sternberg	PROPN
ahmr-885	55	42	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	43	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	55	44	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	45	djekić	djekić	ADJ
ahmr-885	55	46	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	47	2014	2014	NUM
ahmr-885	55	48	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	49	hartmann	hartmann	PROPN
ahmr-885	55	50	et	et	PROPN
ahmr-885	55	51	al	al	PROPN
ahmr-885	55	52	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	53	2010	2010	NUM
ahmr-885	55	54	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	55	55	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	56	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	56	2	historical	historical	ADJ
ahmr-885	56	3	migratory	migratory	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	4	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	56	6	routes	route	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	7	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	56	8	destinations	destination	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	9	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	56	10	season	season	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	56	12	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	13	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	56	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	56	15	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	16	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	56	17	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	56	18	greatly	greatly	ADV
ahmr-885	56	19	affected	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	56	20	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	56	21	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	56	22	variations	variation	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	23	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	56	24	climatic	climatic	ADJ
ahmr-885	56	25	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	26	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	56	27	increase	increase	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	28	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	56	29	population	population	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	30	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	56	31	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	32	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	33	/	/	SYM
ahmr-885	56	34	urbanization	urbanization	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	35	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	56	36	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	56	37	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	56	38	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	56	39	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	56	40	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	56	41	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	56	42	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	57	1	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	57	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	57	3	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	57	4	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	57	5	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	57	6	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	57	7	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	57	8	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	57	9	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	57	10	intensity	intensity	NOUN
ahmr-885	57	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	57	12	crop	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	57	13	production	production	NOUN
ahmr-885	57	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	58	1	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	58	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	58	3	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	58	4	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	58	5	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	58	6	once	once	ADV
ahmr-885	58	7	designated	designate	VERB
ahmr-885	58	8	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	58	9	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	58	10	routes	route	NOUN
ahmr-885	58	11	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	58	12	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	58	13	taken	take	VERB
ahmr-885	58	14	over	over	ADP
ahmr-885	58	15	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	58	16	farms	farm	NOUN
ahmr-885	58	17	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	58	18	settlements	settlement	NOUN
ahmr-885	58	19	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	59	1	hitherto	hitherto	NOUN
ahmr-885	59	2	attractive	attractive	ADJ
ahmr-885	59	3	destinations	destination	NOUN
ahmr-885	59	4	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	59	5	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	59	6	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	59	7	currently	currently	ADV
ahmr-885	59	8	experiencing	experience	VERB
ahmr-885	59	9	adverse	adverse	ADJ
ahmr-885	59	10	climatic	climatic	ADJ
ahmr-885	59	11	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	59	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	59	13	causing	cause	VERB
ahmr-885	59	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	59	15	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	59	16	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	59	17	deflect	deflect	VERB
ahmr-885	59	18	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	59	19	more	more	ADV
ahmr-885	59	20	favourable	favourable	ADJ
ahmr-885	59	21	environments	environment	NOUN
ahmr-885	59	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	60	1	relatedly	relatedly	ADV
ahmr-885	60	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	60	3	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ
ahmr-885	60	4	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	60	6	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	7	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	60	8	once	once	ADV
ahmr-885	60	9	recorded	record	VERB
ahmr-885	60	10	massive	massive	ADJ
ahmr-885	60	11	movements	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	12	southwards	southwards	ADV
ahmr-885	60	13	during	during	ADP
ahmr-885	60	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	60	15	dry	dry	ADJ
ahmr-885	60	16	season	season	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	17	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	60	18	northwards	northward	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	19	at	at	ADP
ahmr-885	60	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	60	21	onset	onset	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	60	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	60	24	rains	rain	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	25	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	60	26	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	60	27	altered	alter	VERB
ahmr-885	60	28	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	60	29	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	60	30	result	result	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	31	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	60	32	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	60	33	changing	change	VERB
ahmr-885	60	34	climatic	climatic	ADJ
ahmr-885	60	35	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	36	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	60	37	abrupt	abrupt	ADJ
ahmr-885	60	38	displacements	displacement	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	39	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	60	40	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	60	41	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	42	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	60	43	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	60	44	continent	continent	NOUN
ahmr-885	60	45	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	61	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	61	2	movements	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	61	3	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	61	4	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	61	5	once	once	ADV
ahmr-885	61	6	temporary	temporary	ADJ
ahmr-885	61	7	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	61	8	become	become	VERB
ahmr-885	61	9	semi	semi	ADJ
ahmr-885	61	10	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	61	11	permanent	permanent	ADJ
ahmr-885	61	12	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	61	13	even	even	ADV
ahmr-885	61	14	permanent	permanent	ADJ
ahmr-885	61	15	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	61	16	recent	recent	ADJ
ahmr-885	61	17	times	time	NOUN
ahmr-885	61	18	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	61	19	tonah	tonah	NOUN
ahmr-885	61	20	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	61	21	2006	2006	NUM
ahmr-885	61	22	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	61	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	62	1	figure	figure	NOUN
ahmr-885	62	2	1	1	NUM
ahmr-885	62	3	below	below	ADV
ahmr-885	62	4	shows	show	VERB
ahmr-885	62	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	62	6	migratory	migratory	NOUN
ahmr-885	62	7	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ahmr-885	62	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	62	9	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	62	10	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	62	11	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	62	12	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	62	13	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	62	14	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	62	15	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	62	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	63	1	figure	figure	NOUN
ahmr-885	63	2	1	1	NUM
ahmr-885	63	3	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	63	4	map	map	VERB
ahmr-885	63	5	showing	show	VERB
ahmr-885	63	6	migratory	migratory	NOUN
ahmr-885	63	7	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ahmr-885	63	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	63	9	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	63	10	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	63	11	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	63	12	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	63	13	source	source	NOUN
ahmr-885	63	14	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	63	15	sahel	sahel	PROPN
ahmr-885	63	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	63	17	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	63	18	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	63	19	club	club	PROPN
ahmr-885	63	20	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	63	21	swac	swac	NOUN
ahmr-885	63	22	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	63	23	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	63	24	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	63	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	64	1	adzande	adzande	PROPN
ahmr-885	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	64	3	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	64	4	1655	1655	NUM
ahmr-885	65	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	65	2	resultant	resultant	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	3	effect	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	65	5	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	65	6	movements	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	7	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	65	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	65	9	transit	transit	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	10	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	65	11	host	host	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	12	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	13	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	65	14	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	65	15	increase	increase	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	16	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	65	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	65	18	competition	competition	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	19	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	65	20	available	available	ADJ
ahmr-885	65	21	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	22	resources	resource	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	23	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	65	24	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	25	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	65	26	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	27	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	65	28	often	often	ADV
ahmr-885	65	29	leading	lead	VERB
ahmr-885	65	30	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	65	31	violent	violent	ADJ
ahmr-885	65	32	confrontations	confrontation	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	33	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	65	34	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	65	35	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	66	1	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	66	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	66	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	66	4	age	age	NOUN
ahmr-885	66	5	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	66	6	long	long	ADJ
ahmr-885	66	7	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	66	8	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	66	9	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	66	10	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	66	11	practice	practice	NOUN
ahmr-885	66	12	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	66	13	come	come	VERB
ahmr-885	66	14	under	under	ADP
ahmr-885	66	15	threat	threat	NOUN
ahmr-885	66	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	66	17	extinction	extinction	NOUN
ahmr-885	66	18	since	since	SCONJ
ahmr-885	66	19	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	66	20	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	66	21	perceived	perceive	VERB
ahmr-885	66	22	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	66	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	66	24	source	source	NOUN
ahmr-885	66	25	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	66	26	many	many	ADJ
ahmr-885	66	27	major	major	ADJ
ahmr-885	66	28	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	66	29	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	66	30	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	66	31	west	west	ADJ
ahmr-885	66	32	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	66	33	sub	sub	NOUN
ahmr-885	66	34	-	-	NOUN
ahmr-885	66	35	region	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	66	36	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	67	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	67	2	fact	fact	NOUN
ahmr-885	67	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	67	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	67	5	united	united	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	6	nations	nations	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	7	economic	economic	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	8	commission	commission	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	9	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	67	10	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	11	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	67	12	uneca	uneca	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	13	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	67	14	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	67	15	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	67	16	reported	report	VERB
ahmr-885	67	17	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	67	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	67	19	majority	majority	NOUN
ahmr-885	67	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	67	21	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	67	22	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ahmr-885	67	23	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	67	24	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	67	25	central	central	ADJ
ahmr-885	67	26	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	67	27	republic	republic	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	28	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	67	29	chad	chad	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	30	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	67	31	mali	mali	ADJ
ahmr-885	67	32	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	67	33	northeast	northeast	ADJ
ahmr-885	67	34	kenya	kenya	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	35	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	67	36	somalia	somalia	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	37	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	67	38	sudan	sudan	PROPN
ahmr-885	67	39	involve	involve	VERB
ahmr-885	67	40	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	67	41	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	68	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	68	2	mali	mali	PROPN
ahmr-885	68	3	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	68	4	south	south	PROPN
ahmr-885	68	5	sudan	sudan	PROPN
ahmr-885	68	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	68	7	democratic	democratic	ADJ
ahmr-885	68	8	republic	republic	NOUN
ahmr-885	68	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	68	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	68	11	congo	congo	NOUN
ahmr-885	68	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	68	13	burkina	burkina	PROPN
ahmr-885	68	14	faso	faso	PROPN
ahmr-885	68	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	68	16	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ahmr-885	68	17	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	68	18	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	68	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	68	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	68	21	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
ahmr-885	68	22	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	68	23	intensity	intensity	NOUN
ahmr-885	68	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	68	25	violence	violence	NOUN
ahmr-885	68	26	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	68	27	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	68	28	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	68	29	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	68	30	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	68	31	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	68	32	significantly	significantly	ADV
ahmr-885	68	33	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	69	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	69	2	burkina	burkina	PROPN
ahmr-885	69	3	faso	faso	PROPN
ahmr-885	69	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	69	5	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	69	6	report	report	NOUN
ahmr-885	69	7	presented	present	VERB
ahmr-885	69	8	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	69	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	69	10	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	69	11	humanitarian	humanitarian	ADJ
ahmr-885	69	12	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	69	13	2012	2012	NUM
ahmr-885	69	14	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	69	15	indicated	indicate	VERB
ahmr-885	69	16	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	69	17	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	69	18	20082012	20082012	NUM
ahmr-885	69	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	69	20	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	69	21	55	55	NUM
ahmr-885	69	22	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	69	23	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	69	24	killed	kill	VERB
ahmr-885	69	25	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	69	26	4,000	4,000	NUM
ahmr-885	69	27	recorded	record	VERB
ahmr-885	69	28	clashes	clash	NOUN
ahmr-885	69	29	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	69	30	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	69	31	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	69	32	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	69	33	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	70	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	70	2	report	report	NOUN
ahmr-885	70	3	further	far	ADV
ahmr-885	70	4	showed	show	VERB
ahmr-885	70	5	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	70	6	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	70	7	estimated	estimated	ADJ
ahmr-885	70	8	600	600	NUM
ahmr-885	70	9	incidences	incidence	NOUN
ahmr-885	70	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	70	11	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	70	12	occur	occur	VERB
ahmr-885	70	13	each	each	DET
ahmr-885	70	14	year	year	NOUN
ahmr-885	70	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	70	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	70	17	number	number	NOUN
ahmr-885	70	18	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	70	19	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	70	20	rising	rise	VERB
ahmr-885	70	21	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	70	22	each	each	DET
ahmr-885	70	23	passing	pass	VERB
ahmr-885	70	24	year	year	NOUN
ahmr-885	70	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	71	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ahmr-885	71	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	71	3	gaye	gaye	PROPN
ahmr-885	71	4	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	71	5	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	71	6	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	71	7	reported	report	VERB
ahmr-885	71	8	high	high	ADJ
ahmr-885	71	9	incidences	incidence	NOUN
ahmr-885	71	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	71	11	violent	violent	ADJ
ahmr-885	71	12	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	71	13	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	71	14	sedentary	sedentary	ADJ
ahmr-885	71	15	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	71	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	71	17	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	71	18	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	71	19	mali	mali	PROPN
ahmr-885	71	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	71	21	burkina	burkina	PROPN
ahmr-885	71	22	faso	faso	PROPN
ahmr-885	71	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	72	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	72	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	72	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	72	4	historical	historical	ADJ
ahmr-885	72	5	accounts	account	NOUN
ahmr-885	72	6	suggest	suggest	VERB
ahmr-885	72	7	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	72	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	72	9	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ahmr-885	72	10	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	72	11	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	72	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	72	13	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	72	14	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	72	15	relatively	relatively	ADV
ahmr-885	72	16	cordial	cordial	ADJ
ahmr-885	72	17	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	72	18	mutually	mutually	ADV
ahmr-885	72	19	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
ahmr-885	72	20	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	73	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	73	2	coexistence	coexistence	NOUN
ahmr-885	73	3	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	73	4	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	73	5	without	without	ADP
ahmr-885	73	6	low	low	ADJ
ahmr-885	73	7	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	73	8	scale	scale	NOUN
ahmr-885	73	9	skirmishes	skirmish	NOUN
ahmr-885	73	10	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	73	11	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	73	12	usually	usually	ADV
ahmr-885	73	13	caused	cause	VERB
ahmr-885	73	14	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	73	15	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	73	16	destruction	destruction	NOUN
ahmr-885	73	17	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	73	18	crops	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	73	19	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	73	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	73	21	killing	killing	NOUN
ahmr-885	73	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	73	23	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	73	24	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	74	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	74	2	recent	recent	ADJ
ahmr-885	74	3	times	time	NOUN
ahmr-885	74	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	74	5	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	74	6	confrontations	confrontation	NOUN
ahmr-885	74	7	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	74	8	become	become	VERB
ahmr-885	74	9	more	more	ADV
ahmr-885	74	10	violent	violent	ADJ
ahmr-885	74	11	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	74	12	involving	involve	VERB
ahmr-885	74	13	massive	massive	ADJ
ahmr-885	74	14	casualties	casualty	NOUN
ahmr-885	74	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	74	16	destruction	destruction	NOUN
ahmr-885	74	17	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	74	18	settlements	settlement	NOUN
ahmr-885	74	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	74	20	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ahmr-885	74	21	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	74	22	properties	property	NOUN
ahmr-885	74	23	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	74	24	including	include	VERB
ahmr-885	74	25	large	large	ADJ
ahmr-885	74	26	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	74	27	scale	scale	NOUN
ahmr-885	74	28	forceful	forceful	ADJ
ahmr-885	74	29	displacement	displacement	NOUN
ahmr-885	74	30	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	74	31	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	74	32	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	75	1	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	75	2	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	75	3	involves	involve	VERB
ahmr-885	75	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	75	5	use	use	NOUN
ahmr-885	75	6	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	75	7	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
ahmr-885	75	8	weapons	weapon	NOUN
ahmr-885	75	9	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	75	10	machine	machine	NOUN
ahmr-885	75	11	guns	gun	NOUN
ahmr-885	75	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	75	13	ak-47	ak-47	PROPN
ahmr-885	75	14	rifles	rifle	NOUN
ahmr-885	75	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	76	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	76	2	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	76	3	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	76	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	76	6	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	7	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	76	8	raised	raise	VERB
ahmr-885	76	9	questions	question	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	10	about	about	ADP
ahmr-885	76	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	76	12	origins	origin	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	76	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	76	15	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	76	16	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	76	17	breed	breed	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	18	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	76	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	76	20	itinerant	itinerant	ADJ
ahmr-885	76	21	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	22	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	76	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	76	24	one	one	NUM
ahmr-885	76	25	hand	hand	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	26	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	76	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	76	28	support	support	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	29	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	76	30	base	base	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	31	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	76	32	criminal	criminal	ADJ
ahmr-885	76	33	networks	network	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	34	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	76	35	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	76	36	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	76	37	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
ahmr-885	76	38	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	76	39	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	76	40	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	76	41	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	76	42	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	76	43	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	77	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	77	2	current	current	ADJ
ahmr-885	77	3	surge	surge	NOUN
ahmr-885	77	4	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	77	5	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	77	6	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	77	7	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	77	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	77	9	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	77	10	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	77	11	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	77	12	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	77	13	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	77	14	contrary	contrary	ADJ
ahmr-885	77	15	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	77	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	77	17	tenets	tenet	NOUN
ahmr-885	77	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	77	19	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ahmr-885	77	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	77	21	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	77	22	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	77	23	protocols	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	77	24	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	77	25	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	77	26	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	77	27	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	77	28	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	77	29	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	77	30	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	77	31	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	78	1	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	78	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	78	3	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	78	4	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	78	5	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	78	6	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	78	7	enhanced	enhanced	ADJ
ahmr-885	78	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	78	9	intentional	intentional	ADJ
ahmr-885	78	10	focus	focus	NOUN
ahmr-885	78	11	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	78	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	78	13	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	78	14	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	78	15	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ahmr-885	78	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	78	17	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	78	18	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	78	19	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	78	20	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	78	21	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	78	22	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	78	23	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	78	24	actors	actor	NOUN
ahmr-885	78	25	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	78	26	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	78	27	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	78	28	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	78	29	address	address	VERB
ahmr-885	78	30	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	78	31	protracted	protract	VERB
ahmr-885	78	32	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	78	33	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	78	34	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	78	35	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	78	36	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	78	37	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	79	1	literature	literature	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	2	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	79	3	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	79	4	overview	overview	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	79	6	interactions	interaction	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	7	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	79	8	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	9	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	79	10	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	79	12	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	79	13	while	while	SCONJ
ahmr-885	79	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	79	15	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	16	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	17	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
ahmr-885	79	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	79	19	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	79	21	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	22	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	79	23	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	79	24	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	79	25	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	79	26	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	79	27	oblivious	oblivious	ADJ
ahmr-885	79	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	79	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	79	30	potential	potential	ADJ
ahmr-885	79	31	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	32	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	79	33	may	may	AUX
ahmr-885	79	34	arise	arise	VERB
ahmr-885	79	35	when	when	SCONJ
ahmr-885	79	36	two	two	NUM
ahmr-885	79	37	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	79	38	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	79	39	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	79	40	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	79	41	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	79	42	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	43	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	79	44	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	79	45	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	79	46	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	79	47	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	48	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	79	49	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	79	50	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	79	51	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	79	52	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	79	53	divergent	divergent	ADJ
ahmr-885	79	54	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ahmr-885	79	55	livelihoods	livelihood	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	56	–	–	PUNCT
ahmr-885	79	57	farming	farming	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	58	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	79	59	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	60	cross	cross	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	61	paths	path	NOUN
ahmr-885	79	62	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	80	1	however	however	ADV
ahmr-885	80	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	80	3	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	80	4	recent	recent	ADJ
ahmr-885	80	5	times	time	NOUN
ahmr-885	80	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	80	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	80	8	negative	negative	ADJ
ahmr-885	80	9	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ahmr-885	80	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	80	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	80	12	escalated	escalate	VERB
ahmr-885	80	13	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	80	14	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	80	15	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	80	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	80	17	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	80	18	seem	seem	VERB
ahmr-885	80	19	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	80	20	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	80	21	inundated	inundate	VERB
ahmr-885	80	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	80	23	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ahmr-885	80	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	80	25	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	80	26	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	81	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	81	2	limited	limited	ADJ
ahmr-885	81	3	information	information	NOUN
ahmr-885	81	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	81	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
ahmr-885	81	6	available	available	ADJ
ahmr-885	81	7	suggest	suggest	VERB
ahmr-885	81	8	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	81	9	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	81	10	contributes	contribute	VERB
ahmr-885	81	11	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	81	12	30	30	NUM
ahmr-885	81	13	-	-	SYM
ahmr-885	81	14	38	38	NUM
ahmr-885	81	15	%	%	NOUN
ahmr-885	81	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	81	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	81	18	gross	gross	ADJ
ahmr-885	81	19	value	value	NOUN
ahmr-885	81	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	81	21	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	81	22	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ahmr-885	81	23	commodities	commodity	NOUN
ahmr-885	81	24	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	81	25	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	81	26	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	81	27	uneca	uneca	PROPN
ahmr-885	81	28	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	81	29	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	81	30	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	81	31	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	82	1	avis	avis	PROPN
ahmr-885	82	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	82	3	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	82	4	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	82	5	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	82	6	note	note	VERB
ahmr-885	82	7	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	82	8	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	82	9	2014	2014	NUM
ahmr-885	82	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	82	11	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	82	12	world	world	NOUN
ahmr-885	82	13	bank	bank	NOUN
ahmr-885	82	14	report	report	NOUN
ahmr-885	82	15	indicated	indicate	VERB
ahmr-885	82	16	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	82	17	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	82	18	rearing	rearing	NOUN
ahmr-885	82	19	contributed	contribute	VERB
ahmr-885	82	20	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	82	21	38	38	NUM
ahmr-885	82	22	%	%	NOUN
ahmr-885	82	23	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	82	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	82	25	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ahmr-885	82	26	gross	gross	ADJ
ahmr-885	82	27	domestic	domestic	ADJ
ahmr-885	82	28	product	product	NOUN
ahmr-885	82	29	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	82	30	gdp	gdp	NOUN
ahmr-885	82	31	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	82	32	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	82	33	16	16	NUM
ahmr-885	82	34	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	82	35	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	82	36	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	83	1	among	among	ADP
ahmr-885	83	2	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	83	3	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	83	4	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	83	5	covered	cover	VERB
ahmr-885	83	6	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	83	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	83	8	report	report	NOUN
ahmr-885	83	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	83	10	djibouti	djibouti	PROPN
ahmr-885	83	11	had	have	VERB
ahmr-885	83	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	83	13	highest	high	ADJ
ahmr-885	83	14	contribution	contribution	NOUN
ahmr-885	83	15	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	83	16	90	90	NUM
ahmr-885	83	17	%	%	NOUN
ahmr-885	83	18	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	83	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	83	20	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	83	21	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	83	22	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ahmr-885	83	23	gdp	gdp	NOUN
ahmr-885	83	24	while	while	SCONJ
ahmr-885	83	25	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	83	26	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	83	27	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	83	28	contributed	contribute	VERB
ahmr-885	83	29	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	83	30	10	10	NUM
ahmr-885	83	31	%	%	NOUN
ahmr-885	83	32	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	83	33	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	83	34	agricultural	agricultural	PROPN
ahmr-885	83	35	gdp	gdp	NOUN
ahmr-885	83	36	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	84	1	generally	generally	ADV
ahmr-885	84	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	84	3	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	84	4	supply	supply	VERB
ahmr-885	84	5	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	84	6	90	90	NUM
ahmr-885	84	7	%	%	NOUN
ahmr-885	84	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	84	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	84	10	meat	meat	NOUN
ahmr-885	84	11	consumed	consume	VERB
ahmr-885	84	12	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	84	13	east	east	PROPN
ahmr-885	84	14	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	84	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	84	16	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	84	17	60	60	NUM
ahmr-885	84	18	%	%	NOUN
ahmr-885	84	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	84	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	84	21	meat	meat	NOUN
ahmr-885	84	22	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	84	23	milk	milk	NOUN
ahmr-885	84	24	products	product	NOUN
ahmr-885	84	25	consumed	consume	VERB
ahmr-885	84	26	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	84	27	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	84	28	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	84	29	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	84	30	avis	avis	PROPN
ahmr-885	84	31	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	84	32	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	84	33	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	84	34	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	85	1	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	85	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	85	3	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	85	4	hand	hand	NOUN
ahmr-885	85	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	85	6	several	several	ADJ
ahmr-885	85	7	studies	study	NOUN
ahmr-885	85	8	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	85	9	reported	report	VERB
ahmr-885	85	10	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	85	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	85	12	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	85	13	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	85	14	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	85	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	85	16	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	85	17	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	85	18	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	85	19	communities	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	85	20	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	85	21	different	different	ADJ
ahmr-885	85	22	parts	part	NOUN
ahmr-885	85	23	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	85	24	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	85	25	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	85	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	85	27	attendant	attendant	ADJ
ahmr-885	85	28	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ahmr-885	85	29	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	86	1	olaniyan	olaniyan	ADJ
ahmr-885	86	2	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	86	3	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	86	4	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	86	5	reported	report	VERB
ahmr-885	86	6	violent	violent	ADJ
ahmr-885	86	7	clashes	clash	NOUN
ahmr-885	86	8	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	86	9	fulani	fulani	ADJ
ahmr-885	86	10	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	86	11	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	86	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	86	13	konkomba	konkomba	ADJ
ahmr-885	86	14	farming	farming	NOUN
ahmr-885	86	15	community	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	86	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	86	17	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	86	18	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	86	19	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	86	20	lives	life	NOUN
ahmr-885	86	21	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	86	22	lost	lose	VERB
ahmr-885	86	23	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	86	24	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	86	25	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	86	26	rustled	rustle	VERB
ahmr-885	86	27	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	86	28	houses	house	NOUN
ahmr-885	86	29	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	86	30	burnt	burn	VERB
ahmr-885	86	31	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	86	32	large	large	ADJ
ahmr-885	86	33	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	86	34	scale	scale	NOUN
ahmr-885	86	35	displacement	displacement	NOUN
ahmr-885	86	36	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	86	37	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	86	38	occurred	occur	VERB
ahmr-885	86	39	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	87	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	87	2	study	study	NOUN
ahmr-885	87	3	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	87	4	reported	report	VERB
ahmr-885	87	5	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	87	6	some	some	PRON
ahmr-885	87	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	87	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	87	9	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	87	10	affected	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	87	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	87	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	87	13	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	87	14	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	87	15	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ahmr-885	87	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	87	17	burkina	burkina	PROPN
ahmr-885	87	18	faso	faso	PROPN
ahmr-885	87	19	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	88	1	this	this	PRON
ahmr-885	88	2	points	point	VERB
ahmr-885	88	3	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	88	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	88	5	possibility	possibility	NOUN
ahmr-885	88	6	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	88	7	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	88	8	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	88	9	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	88	10	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	88	11	being	be	AUX
ahmr-885	88	12	victims	victim	NOUN
ahmr-885	88	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	88	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	88	15	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	88	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	89	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	89	2	finding	finding	NOUN
ahmr-885	89	3	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	89	4	deflates	deflate	VERB
ahmr-885	89	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	89	6	skewed	skewed	ADJ
ahmr-885	89	7	impression	impression	NOUN
ahmr-885	89	8	created	create	VERB
ahmr-885	89	9	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	89	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	89	11	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ahmr-885	89	12	narratives	narrative	NOUN
ahmr-885	89	13	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	89	14	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	89	15	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	89	16	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	89	17	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	89	18	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	89	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	89	20	sole	sole	ADJ
ahmr-885	89	21	perpetrators	perpetrator	NOUN
ahmr-885	89	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	89	23	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	89	24	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	89	25	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	89	26	host	host	NOUN
ahmr-885	89	27	communities	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	89	28	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	90	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	90	2	tanzania	tanzania	PROPN
ahmr-885	90	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	90	4	mwamfupe	mwamfupe	PROPN
ahmr-885	90	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	90	6	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	90	7	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	90	8	observed	observe	VERB
ahmr-885	90	9	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	90	10	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	90	11	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	90	12	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	90	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	90	14	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	90	15	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	90	16	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	90	17	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	90	18	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
ahmr-885	90	19	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	90	20	spread	spread	VERB
ahmr-885	90	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	91	1	he	he	PRON
ahmr-885	91	2	noted	note	VERB
ahmr-885	91	3	further	far	ADV
ahmr-885	91	4	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	91	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	91	6	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	91	7	affected	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	91	8	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	91	9	historically	historically	ADV
ahmr-885	91	10	crop	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	91	11	producing	produce	VERB
ahmr-885	91	12	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	91	13	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	91	14	but	but	CCONJ
ahmr-885	91	15	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	91	16	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	91	17	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	91	18	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	91	19	triggered	trigger	VERB
ahmr-885	91	20	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	91	21	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	91	22	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	91	23	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	91	24	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	92	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	92	2	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ahmr-885	92	3	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	92	4	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	92	5	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	92	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	92	7	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	92	8	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	92	9	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	92	10	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	92	11	given	give	VERB
ahmr-885	92	12	rise	rise	NOUN
ahmr-885	92	13	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	92	14	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	92	15	number	number	NOUN
ahmr-885	92	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	92	17	issues	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	92	18	including	include	VERB
ahmr-885	92	19	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	92	20	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ahmr-885	92	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	93	1	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	93	2	report	report	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	3	presented	present	VERB
ahmr-885	93	4	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	93	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	93	6	internal	internal	ADJ
ahmr-885	93	7	displacement	displacement	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	8	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	9	centre	centre	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	10	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	93	11	idmc	idmc	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	93	13	suggests	suggest	VERB
ahmr-885	93	14	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	93	15	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	93	16	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	93	17	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	93	18	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	93	19	were	be	VERB
ahmr-885	93	20	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	93	21	541,000	541,000	NUM
ahmr-885	93	22	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	93	23	displacements	displacement	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	24	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	93	25	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	93	26	result	result	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	27	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	93	28	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	29	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	93	30	violence	violence	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	31	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	93	32	parts	part	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	33	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	93	34	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	93	35	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	93	36	idmc	idmc	NOUN
ahmr-885	93	37	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	93	38	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	93	39	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	93	40	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	94	1	out	out	ADP
ahmr-885	94	2	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	94	3	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	94	4	number	number	NOUN
ahmr-885	94	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	94	6	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	94	7	200,000	200,000	NUM
ahmr-885	94	8	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	94	9	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	94	10	displaced	displace	VERB
ahmr-885	94	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	94	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	94	13	middle	middle	ADJ
ahmr-885	94	14	belt	belt	NOUN
ahmr-885	94	15	region	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	94	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	94	17	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ahmr-885	94	18	where	where	SCONJ
ahmr-885	94	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	94	20	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	94	21	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	94	22	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	94	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	94	24	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	94	25	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	94	26	rife	rife	ADJ
ahmr-885	94	27	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	95	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	95	2	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	95	3	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	95	4	induced	induce	VERB
ahmr-885	95	5	displacements	displacement	NOUN
ahmr-885	95	6	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	95	7	had	have	VERB
ahmr-885	95	8	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	95	9	significant	significant	ADJ
ahmr-885	95	10	effect	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	95	11	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	95	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	95	13	economy	economy	NOUN
ahmr-885	95	14	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	95	15	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ahmr-885	95	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	95	17	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	95	18	efforts	effort	NOUN
ahmr-885	95	19	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	95	20	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	95	21	whole	whole	NOUN
ahmr-885	95	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	96	1	adzande	adzande	PROPN
ahmr-885	96	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	96	3	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	96	4	1657	1657	NUM
ahmr-885	96	5	research	research	NOUN
ahmr-885	96	6	suggests	suggest	VERB
ahmr-885	96	7	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	96	8	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	96	9	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	96	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	96	11	main	main	ADJ
ahmr-885	96	12	drivers	driver	NOUN
ahmr-885	96	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	96	14	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	96	15	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ahmr-885	96	16	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	96	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	96	18	world	world	NOUN
ahmr-885	96	19	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	97	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	97	2	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	97	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	97	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	5	obtained	obtain	VERB
ahmr-885	97	6	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	97	7	18	18	NUM
ahmr-885	97	8	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	9	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	97	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	97	11	world	world	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	12	including	include	VERB
ahmr-885	97	13	south	south	PROPN
ahmr-885	97	14	sudan	sudan	PROPN
ahmr-885	97	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	97	16	somalia	somalia	PROPN
ahmr-885	97	17	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	97	18	yemen	yemen	PROPN
ahmr-885	97	19	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	97	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	97	21	indicate	indicate	VERB
ahmr-885	97	22	that	that	DET
ahmr-885	97	23	famine	famine	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	24	driven	drive	VERB
ahmr-885	97	25	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	97	26	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	27	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	97	28	given	give	VERB
ahmr-885	97	29	rise	rise	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	30	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	97	31	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	97	32	hunger	hunger	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	33	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	97	34	malnutrition	malnutrition	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	35	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	97	36	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	97	37	affected	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	97	38	over	over	ADP
ahmr-885	97	39	20	20	NUM
ahmr-885	97	40	million	million	NUM
ahmr-885	97	41	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	42	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	97	43	united	united	PROPN
ahmr-885	97	44	nations	nations	PROPN
ahmr-885	97	45	world	world	PROPN
ahmr-885	97	46	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	47	programme	programme	NOUN
ahmr-885	97	48	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	97	49	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	97	50	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	97	51	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	98	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	98	2	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ahmr-885	98	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	98	4	antwi	antwi	PROPN
ahmr-885	98	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	98	6	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	98	7	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	98	8	found	find	VERB
ahmr-885	98	9	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	98	10	loss	loss	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	98	12	access	access	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	13	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	98	14	arable	arable	ADJ
ahmr-885	98	15	farmlands	farmland	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	98	17	reduced	reduce	VERB
ahmr-885	98	18	crop	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	19	production	production	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	20	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	98	21	labour	labour	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	22	shortages	shortage	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	98	24	crop	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	25	destruction	destruction	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	26	all	all	PRON
ahmr-885	98	27	had	have	VERB
ahmr-885	98	28	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	98	29	adverse	adverse	ADJ
ahmr-885	98	30	effect	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	31	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	98	32	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	33	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	98	34	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	99	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ahmr-885	99	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	99	3	azad	azad	PROPN
ahmr-885	99	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	99	5	kaila	kaila	PROPN
ahmr-885	99	6	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	99	7	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	99	8	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	99	9	conducted	conduct	VERB
ahmr-885	99	10	surveys	survey	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	11	among	among	ADP
ahmr-885	99	12	households	household	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	13	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	99	14	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	15	regions	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	99	17	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ahmr-885	99	18	including	include	VERB
ahmr-885	99	19	north	north	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	20	central	central	ADJ
ahmr-885	99	21	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	99	22	north	north	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	23	east	east	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	24	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	99	25	south	south	PROPN
ahmr-885	99	26	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	99	27	south	south	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	28	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	99	29	found	find	VERB
ahmr-885	99	30	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	99	31	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	99	32	significant	significant	ADJ
ahmr-885	99	33	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	34	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	99	35	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	99	36	households	household	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	37	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	99	38	highly	highly	ADV
ahmr-885	99	39	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	99	40	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	99	41	insecure	insecure	ADJ
ahmr-885	99	42	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	99	43	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	100	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	100	2	study	study	NOUN
ahmr-885	100	3	found	find	VERB
ahmr-885	100	4	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	100	5	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	100	6	was	be	VERB
ahmr-885	100	7	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	100	8	link	link	NOUN
ahmr-885	100	9	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	100	10	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	100	11	prices	price	NOUN
ahmr-885	100	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	100	13	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	100	14	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ahmr-885	100	15	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	100	16	all	all	DET
ahmr-885	100	17	three	three	NUM
ahmr-885	100	18	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	100	19	regions	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	100	20	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	101	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	101	2	high	high	ADJ
ahmr-885	101	3	cost	cost	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	101	5	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	6	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	101	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	101	8	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	9	affected	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	101	10	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	101	11	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	12	may	may	AUX
ahmr-885	101	13	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	101	14	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	101	15	unconnected	unconnected	ADJ
ahmr-885	101	16	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	101	17	decreased	decrease	VERB
ahmr-885	101	18	crop	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	19	production	production	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	20	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	101	21	high	high	ADJ
ahmr-885	101	22	cost	cost	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	23	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	101	24	labour	labour	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	25	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	101	26	costs	cost	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	27	involved	involve	VERB
ahmr-885	101	28	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	101	29	transporting	transport	VERB
ahmr-885	101	30	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	31	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	101	32	regions	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	33	affected	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	101	34	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	101	35	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	101	36	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	102	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ahmr-885	102	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	102	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	102	4	research	research	NOUN
ahmr-885	102	5	concluded	conclude	VERB
ahmr-885	102	6	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	102	7	armed	armed	ADJ
ahmr-885	102	8	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	102	9	have	have	VERB
ahmr-885	102	10	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	102	11	detrimental	detrimental	ADJ
ahmr-885	102	12	effect	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	102	13	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	102	14	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	102	15	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	102	16	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	102	17	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	102	18	reduce	reduce	VERB
ahmr-885	102	19	production	production	NOUN
ahmr-885	102	20	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	102	21	increase	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	102	22	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	102	23	prices	price	NOUN
ahmr-885	102	24	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	102	25	reduce	reduce	VERB
ahmr-885	102	26	access	access	NOUN
ahmr-885	102	27	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	102	28	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	102	29	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	103	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	103	2	response	response	NOUN
ahmr-885	103	3	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	103	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	103	5	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	103	6	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	103	7	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	103	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	103	9	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	103	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	103	11	governments	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	103	12	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	103	13	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	103	14	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	103	15	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	103	16	individually	individually	ADV
ahmr-885	103	17	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	103	18	collectively	collectively	ADV
ahmr-885	103	19	introduced	introduce	VERB
ahmr-885	103	20	measures	measure	NOUN
ahmr-885	103	21	including	include	VERB
ahmr-885	103	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	103	23	promulgation	promulgation	NOUN
ahmr-885	103	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	103	25	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	103	26	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	104	1	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	104	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ahmr-885	104	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	104	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	104	5	ghanaian	ghanaian	ADJ
ahmr-885	104	6	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	104	7	adopted	adopt	VERB
ahmr-885	104	8	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	104	9	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	104	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	104	11	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN
ahmr-885	104	12	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	104	13	entailed	entail	VERB
ahmr-885	104	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	104	15	evacuation	evacuation	NOUN
ahmr-885	104	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	104	17	fulani	fulani	ADJ
ahmr-885	104	18	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	104	19	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	104	20	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ahmr-885	104	21	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	104	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	104	23	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	104	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	104	25	measures	measure	NOUN
ahmr-885	104	26	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	104	27	prevented	prevent	VERB
ahmr-885	104	28	them	they	PRON
ahmr-885	104	29	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	104	30	entering	enter	VERB
ahmr-885	104	31	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	104	32	conducting	conduct	VERB
ahmr-885	104	33	any	any	DET
ahmr-885	104	34	business	business	NOUN
ahmr-885	104	35	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	104	36	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	104	37	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	104	38	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	104	39	olaniyan	olaniyan	ADJ
ahmr-885	104	40	et	et	PROPN
ahmr-885	104	41	al	al	PROPN
ahmr-885	104	42	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	104	43	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	104	44	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	104	45	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	105	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	105	2	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	105	3	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	105	4	introduced	introduce	VERB
ahmr-885	105	5	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	105	6	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	105	7	measure	measure	NOUN
ahmr-885	105	8	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	105	9	put	put	VERB
ahmr-885	105	10	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	105	11	end	end	NOUN
ahmr-885	105	12	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	105	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	105	14	recurrent	recurrent	ADJ
ahmr-885	105	15	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	105	16	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	105	17	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	105	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	105	19	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	105	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	105	21	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	105	22	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	105	23	applied	apply	VERB
ahmr-885	105	24	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	105	25	agogo	agogo	PROPN
ahmr-885	105	26	town	town	NOUN
ahmr-885	105	27	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	105	28	northern	northern	ADJ
ahmr-885	105	29	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ahmr-885	105	30	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	106	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	106	2	expulsions	expulsion	NOUN
ahmr-885	106	3	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	106	4	premised	premise	VERB
ahmr-885	106	5	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	106	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	106	7	perceived	perceive	VERB
ahmr-885	106	8	status	status	NOUN
ahmr-885	106	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	106	10	fulani	fulani	ADJ
ahmr-885	106	11	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	106	12	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	106	13	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	106	14	strangers	stranger	NOUN
ahmr-885	106	15	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	106	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	106	17	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	106	18	originally	originally	ADV
ahmr-885	106	19	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	106	20	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ahmr-885	106	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	107	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	107	2	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	107	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	107	4	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN
ahmr-885	107	5	contravenes	contravene	VERB
ahmr-885	107	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	107	7	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	107	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	107	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	107	10	ghanaian	ghanaian	ADJ
ahmr-885	107	11	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	107	12	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	107	13	recognizes	recognize	VERB
ahmr-885	107	14	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	107	15	born	bear	VERB
ahmr-885	107	16	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	107	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	107	18	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	107	19	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	107	20	those	those	PRON
ahmr-885	107	21	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	107	22	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	107	23	acquired	acquire	VERB
ahmr-885	107	24	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
ahmr-885	107	25	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	107	26	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
ahmr-885	107	27	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ahmr-885	107	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	107	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	107	30	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	107	31	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	107	32	olaniyan	olaniyan	ADJ
ahmr-885	107	33	et	et	PROPN
ahmr-885	107	34	al	al	PROPN
ahmr-885	107	35	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	107	36	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	107	37	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	107	38	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	108	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ahmr-885	108	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	108	3	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	108	4	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	108	5	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	6	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	108	8	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	108	9	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	108	10	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	108	11	signatory	signatory	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	12	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	108	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	108	14	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	108	15	treaties	treaty	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	108	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	108	18	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	108	20	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	21	introduced	introduce	VERB
ahmr-885	108	22	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	108	23	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ahmr-885	108	24	violated	violate	VERB
ahmr-885	108	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	108	26	protocols	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	27	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	108	28	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	108	29	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	30	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	108	31	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	32	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	108	33	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	34	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	108	35	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	36	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	108	37	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	108	38	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	109	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	109	2	example	example	NOUN
ahmr-885	109	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
ahmr-885	109	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	109	5	contradictions	contradiction	NOUN
ahmr-885	109	6	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	109	7	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	109	8	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	109	9	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	109	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	109	11	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	109	12	pacts	pact	NOUN
ahmr-885	109	13	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	109	14	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	109	15	capable	capable	ADJ
ahmr-885	109	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	109	17	threatening	threaten	VERB
ahmr-885	109	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	109	19	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	109	20	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	109	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	109	22	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	109	23	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	109	24	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	109	25	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	109	26	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	109	27	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	109	28	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	109	29	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	109	30	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	110	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	110	2	situation	situation	NOUN
ahmr-885	110	3	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	110	4	east	east	PROPN
ahmr-885	110	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	110	6	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	110	7	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	110	8	different	different	ADJ
ahmr-885	110	9	either	either	ADV
ahmr-885	110	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	111	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	111	2	tanzania	tanzania	PROPN
ahmr-885	111	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	111	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	111	5	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	6	employed	employ	VERB
ahmr-885	111	7	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	8	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	111	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	111	10	eviction	eviction	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	111	12	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	111	14	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	111	15	owners	owner	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	16	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	111	17	certain	certain	ADJ
ahmr-885	111	18	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	19	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	111	20	split	split	ADJ
ahmr-885	111	21	villages	village	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	22	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	111	23	designating	designate	VERB
ahmr-885	111	24	specific	specific	ADJ
ahmr-885	111	25	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	26	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	111	27	crop	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	28	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	29	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	111	30	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	111	31	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	111	32	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	111	33	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	111	34	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	111	35	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	112	1	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	112	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	112	3	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	112	4	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	112	5	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	112	6	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	112	7	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	112	8	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	112	9	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	112	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	112	11	others	other	NOUN
ahmr-885	112	12	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	112	13	grazing	graze	VERB
ahmr-885	112	14	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	112	15	deal	deal	VERB
ahmr-885	112	16	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	112	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	112	18	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	112	19	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	112	20	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	112	21	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	112	22	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	112	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	113	1	however	however	ADV
ahmr-885	113	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	113	3	mwamfupe	mwamfupe	PROPN
ahmr-885	113	4	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	113	5	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	113	6	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	113	7	still	still	ADV
ahmr-885	113	8	identifies	identify	VERB
ahmr-885	113	9	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	113	10	deficiencies	deficiency	NOUN
ahmr-885	113	11	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	113	12	contradictions	contradiction	NOUN
ahmr-885	113	13	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	113	14	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	113	15	major	major	ADJ
ahmr-885	113	16	factor	factor	NOUN
ahmr-885	113	17	contributing	contribute	VERB
ahmr-885	113	18	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	113	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	113	20	protracted	protract	VERB
ahmr-885	113	21	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	113	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	114	1	this	this	PRON
ahmr-885	114	2	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	114	3	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	114	4	line	line	NOUN
ahmr-885	114	5	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	114	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	114	7	observations	observation	NOUN
ahmr-885	114	8	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	114	9	unowas	unowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	114	10	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	114	11	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	114	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	114	13	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	114	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	114	15	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	114	16	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	114	17	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	114	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	114	19	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	114	20	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	114	21	aggravated	aggravate	VERB
ahmr-885	114	22	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	114	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	114	24	weak	weak	ADJ
ahmr-885	114	25	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ahmr-885	114	26	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	114	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	114	28	rule	rule	NOUN
ahmr-885	114	29	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	114	30	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	114	31	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	115	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	115	2	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	115	3	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ahmr-885	115	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	115	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	115	7	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	8	governing	govern	VERB
ahmr-885	115	9	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	10	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	115	11	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	115	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	115	13	leonhardt	leonhardt	PROPN
ahmr-885	115	14	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	115	15	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	115	16	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	115	17	assesses	assess	VERB
ahmr-885	115	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	115	19	extent	extent	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	20	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	115	21	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	115	22	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	115	23	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	24	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	25	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	115	26	legislation	legislation	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	27	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	115	28	practices	practice	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	29	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	115	30	being	be	AUX
ahmr-885	115	31	applied	apply	VERB
ahmr-885	115	32	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	115	33	transhumant	transhumant	ADJ
ahmr-885	115	34	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	35	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	115	36	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	115	37	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	115	38	region	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	39	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	115	40	particularly	particularly	ADV
ahmr-885	115	41	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	115	42	mali	mali	ADJ
ahmr-885	115	43	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	115	44	niger	niger	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	45	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	115	46	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	115	47	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	115	48	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	115	49	resultant	resultant	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	50	effect	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	115	51	thereof	thereof	ADV
ahmr-885	115	52	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	116	1	leonhardt	leonhardt	PROPN
ahmr-885	116	2	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	116	3	2017:13	2017:13	NUM
ahmr-885	116	4	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	116	5	finds	find	VERB
ahmr-885	116	6	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	116	7	contradictory	contradictory	ADJ
ahmr-885	116	8	public	public	ADJ
ahmr-885	116	9	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	116	10	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	116	11	currently	currently	ADV
ahmr-885	116	12	affecting	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	116	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	116	14	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ahmr-885	116	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	116	16	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	116	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	117	1	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	117	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	117	4	he	he	PRON
ahmr-885	117	5	noted	note	VERB
ahmr-885	117	6	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	117	7	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	117	8	[	[	X
ahmr-885	117	9	…	…	X
ahmr-885	117	10	]	]	X
ahmr-885	117	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	117	12	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	13	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	117	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	117	15	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	16	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	17	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	117	18	1998	1998	NUM
ahmr-885	117	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	117	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	117	21	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	117	22	regulation	regulation	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	23	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	117	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	117	25	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	26	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	117	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	117	28	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	29	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	30	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	117	31	2003	2003	NUM
ahmr-885	117	32	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	117	33	regards	regard	VERB
ahmr-885	117	34	pastoralist	pastoralist	ADJ
ahmr-885	117	35	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	36	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	117	37	so	so	ADV
ahmr-885	117	38	much	much	ADV
ahmr-885	117	39	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	117	40	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	117	41	valuable	valuable	ADJ
ahmr-885	117	42	economic	economic	ADJ
ahmr-885	117	43	activity	activity	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	44	but	but	CCONJ
ahmr-885	117	45	more	more	ADJ
ahmr-885	117	46	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	117	47	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	117	48	relic	relic	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	49	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	117	50	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	117	51	past	past	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	52	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	117	53	will	will	AUX
ahmr-885	117	54	soon	soon	ADV
ahmr-885	117	55	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	117	56	replaced	replace	VERB
ahmr-885	117	57	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	117	58	more	more	ADV
ahmr-885	117	59	intensive	intensive	ADJ
ahmr-885	117	60	forms	form	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	61	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	117	62	animal	animal	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	63	husbandry	husbandry	NOUN
ahmr-885	117	64	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	118	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	118	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	3	further	far	ADV
ahmr-885	118	4	identifies	identify	VERB
ahmr-885	118	5	limited	limited	ADJ
ahmr-885	118	6	domestication	domestication	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	118	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	118	9	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	118	10	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	11	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	12	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	118	13	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	14	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	118	16	uneven	uneven	ADJ
ahmr-885	118	17	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	118	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	118	20	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ahmr-885	118	21	structures	structure	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	22	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	118	23	operational	operational	ADJ
ahmr-885	118	24	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	25	required	require	VERB
ahmr-885	118	26	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	118	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	118	28	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	29	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	118	30	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	118	31	protocols	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	32	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	118	33	some	some	PRON
ahmr-885	118	34	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	118	35	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	118	36	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	37	faced	face	VERB
ahmr-885	118	38	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	118	39	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	118	40	regulation	regulation	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	41	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	118	42	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	118	43	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	118	44	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	118	45	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	118	46	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	119	1	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ahmr-885	119	2	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	119	3	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	119	4	view	view	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	119	6	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	119	7	study	study	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	8	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	119	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	119	10	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	11	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	119	12	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ahmr-885	119	13	organization	organization	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	14	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	119	15	fao	fao	PROPN
ahmr-885	119	16	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	119	17	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	119	18	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	119	19	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	119	20	2012	2012	NUM
ahmr-885	119	21	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	119	22	outlined	outline	VERB
ahmr-885	119	23	key	key	ADJ
ahmr-885	119	24	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	25	encountered	encounter	VERB
ahmr-885	119	26	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	119	27	practitioners	practitioner	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	119	29	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	119	30	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	119	31	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	119	32	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	33	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	119	34	include	include	VERB
ahmr-885	119	35	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	119	36	existence	existence	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	37	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	119	38	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	39	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	40	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	119	41	do	do	AUX
ahmr-885	119	42	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	119	43	take	take	VERB
ahmr-885	119	44	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	119	45	account	account	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	46	pastoral	pastoral	ADJ
ahmr-885	119	47	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	48	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	119	49	limited	limited	ADJ
ahmr-885	119	50	promulgation	promulgation	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	51	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	119	52	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	53	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	119	54	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	55	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	119	56	institutions	institution	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	57	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	119	58	legal	legal	ADJ
ahmr-885	119	59	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	119	60	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ahmr-885	119	61	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	62	regarding	regard	VERB
ahmr-885	119	63	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	119	64	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	120	1	alidou	alidou	PROPN
ahmr-885	120	2	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	120	3	2016	2016	NUM
ahmr-885	120	4	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	120	5	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	120	6	observed	observe	VERB
ahmr-885	120	7	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	120	8	various	various	ADJ
ahmr-885	120	9	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	120	10	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	120	11	formulated	formulate	VERB
ahmr-885	120	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	120	13	passed	pass	VERB
ahmr-885	120	14	legislation	legislation	NOUN
ahmr-885	120	15	but	but	CCONJ
ahmr-885	120	16	these	these	PRON
ahmr-885	120	17	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	120	18	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	120	19	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	120	20	put	put	VERB
ahmr-885	120	21	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	120	22	operation	operation	NOUN
ahmr-885	120	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	121	1	opanike	opanike	INTJ
ahmr-885	121	2	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	121	3	aduloju	aduloju	PROPN
ahmr-885	121	4	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	121	5	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	121	6	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	121	7	presented	present	VERB
ahmr-885	121	8	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	121	9	more	more	ADV
ahmr-885	121	10	radical	radical	ADJ
ahmr-885	121	11	view	view	NOUN
ahmr-885	121	12	when	when	SCONJ
ahmr-885	121	13	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	121	14	asserted	assert	VERB
ahmr-885	121	15	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	121	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	121	17	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	121	18	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	121	19	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	121	20	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	121	21	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	121	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	121	23	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	121	24	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	121	25	contributing	contribute	VERB
ahmr-885	121	26	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	121	27	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ahmr-885	121	28	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	121	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	121	30	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	121	31	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	121	32	sub	sub	PROPN
ahmr-885	121	33	-	-	NOUN
ahmr-885	121	34	region	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	121	35	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	122	1	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	122	2	further	far	ADV
ahmr-885	122	3	alleged	allege	VERB
ahmr-885	122	4	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	122	5	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	122	6	does	do	AUX
ahmr-885	122	7	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	122	8	have	have	VERB
ahmr-885	122	9	adequate	adequate	ADJ
ahmr-885	122	10	instituted	institute	VERB
ahmr-885	122	11	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ahmr-885	122	12	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	122	13	monitoring	monitor	VERB
ahmr-885	122	14	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	122	15	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	122	16	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	122	17	movements	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	122	18	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	123	1	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	123	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	123	3	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	123	4	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	123	5	carry	carry	VERB
ahmr-885	123	6	out	out	ADP
ahmr-885	123	7	nefarious	nefarious	ADJ
ahmr-885	123	8	activities	activity	NOUN
ahmr-885	123	9	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	123	10	exploited	exploit	VERB
ahmr-885	123	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	123	12	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ahmr-885	123	13	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	123	14	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	123	15	advantage	advantage	NOUN
ahmr-885	123	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	124	1	this	this	PRON
ahmr-885	124	2	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	124	3	led	lead	VERB
ahmr-885	124	4	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	124	5	increased	increase	VERB
ahmr-885	124	6	crime	crime	NOUN
ahmr-885	124	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	124	8	criminality	criminality	NOUN
ahmr-885	124	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	124	10	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	124	11	abusing	abuse	VERB
ahmr-885	124	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	124	13	privileges	privilege	NOUN
ahmr-885	124	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	124	15	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	124	16	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	124	17	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	124	18	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	124	19	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	124	20	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	124	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	124	22	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	124	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	124	24	goods	good	NOUN
ahmr-885	124	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	125	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	125	2	april	april	PROPN
ahmr-885	125	3	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	125	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	125	5	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	125	6	high	high	ADJ
ahmr-885	125	7	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	125	8	level	level	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	9	meeting	meeting	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	125	11	adzande	adzande	PROPN
ahmr-885	125	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	125	13	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	14	1659	1659	NUM
ahmr-885	125	15	ministers	minister	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	16	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	125	17	charge	charge	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	125	19	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	125	21	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	22	/	/	SYM
ahmr-885	125	23	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	24	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	125	25	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	26	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	125	27	west	west	ADJ
ahmr-885	125	28	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	125	29	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	30	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	125	31	representatives	representative	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	32	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	125	33	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	125	34	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	125	35	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	125	36	organizations	organization	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	37	held	hold	VERB
ahmr-885	125	38	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	125	39	abuja	abuja	PROPN
ahmr-885	125	40	deliberated	deliberate	VERB
ahmr-885	125	41	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	125	42	some	some	PRON
ahmr-885	125	43	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	125	44	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	125	45	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	46	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	125	47	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	125	48	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	126	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	126	2	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ahmr-885	126	3	identified	identify	VERB
ahmr-885	126	4	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	126	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	126	6	lack	lack	NOUN
ahmr-885	126	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	126	8	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	126	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	126	10	existing	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	126	11	pastoral	pastoral	ADJ
ahmr-885	126	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	126	13	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	126	14	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	126	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	126	16	political	political	ADJ
ahmr-885	126	17	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ahmr-885	126	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	126	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	126	20	proliferation	proliferation	NOUN
ahmr-885	126	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	126	22	weapons	weapon	NOUN
ahmr-885	126	23	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	126	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	126	25	region	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	126	26	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	127	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	2	meeting	meeting	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	3	therefore	therefore	ADV
ahmr-885	127	4	proffered	proffer	VERB
ahmr-885	127	5	some	some	DET
ahmr-885	127	6	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	7	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	127	8	include	include	VERB
ahmr-885	127	9	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	127	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	11	audit	audit	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	127	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	14	non	non	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	15	-	-	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	16	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	17	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	127	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	19	existing	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	127	20	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ahmr-885	127	21	framework	framework	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	22	relating	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	127	23	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	127	24	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	25	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	127	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	27	control	control	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	127	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	30	proliferation	proliferation	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	31	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	127	32	small	small	ADJ
ahmr-885	127	33	arms	arm	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	34	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	127	35	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	36	review	review	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	37	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	127	38	update	update	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	39	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	127	40	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	41	existing	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	127	42	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	127	43	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
ahmr-885	127	44	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	45	relating	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	127	46	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	127	47	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	48	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	127	49	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	50	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	127	51	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	52	certificate	certificate	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	53	considering	consider	VERB
ahmr-885	127	54	current	current	ADJ
ahmr-885	127	55	realities	reality	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	56	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	127	57	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	58	harmonization	harmonization	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	59	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	127	60	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	61	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	127	62	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	127	63	legislation	legislation	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	64	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	127	65	compliance	compliance	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	66	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	127	67	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	127	68	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	69	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	127	70	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	71	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	127	72	small	small	ADJ
ahmr-885	127	73	arms	arm	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	74	control	control	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	75	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	127	76	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	127	77	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	78	review	review	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	79	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	127	80	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	127	81	existing	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	127	82	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	83	routes	route	NOUN
ahmr-885	127	84	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	128	1	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	128	2	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	128	3	too	too	ADV
ahmr-885	128	4	early	early	ADJ
ahmr-885	128	5	at	at	ADP
ahmr-885	128	6	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	128	7	point	point	NOUN
ahmr-885	128	8	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	128	9	ascertain	ascertain	VERB
ahmr-885	128	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	128	11	progress	progress	NOUN
ahmr-885	128	12	made	make	VERB
ahmr-885	128	13	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	128	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	128	15	participating	participate	VERB
ahmr-885	128	16	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	128	17	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	128	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	128	19	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	128	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	128	21	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	128	22	aforementioned	aforementioned	ADJ
ahmr-885	128	23	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ahmr-885	128	24	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	129	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	129	2	meeting	meeting	NOUN
ahmr-885	129	3	further	far	ADV
ahmr-885	129	4	agreed	agree	VERB
ahmr-885	129	5	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	129	6	herder	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	129	7	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	129	8	farmer	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	129	9	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	129	10	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	129	11	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	129	12	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	129	13	issue	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	129	14	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	129	15	requires	require	VERB
ahmr-885	129	16	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	129	17	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	129	18	approach	approach	NOUN
ahmr-885	129	19	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	129	20	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	129	21	affects	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	129	22	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	129	23	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	129	24	economic	economic	ADJ
ahmr-885	129	25	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	129	26	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	129	27	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	129	28	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	129	29	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	129	30	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	130	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	130	2	preceding	precede	VERB
ahmr-885	130	3	discussions	discussion	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	130	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	130	6	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	7	proffered	proffer	VERB
ahmr-885	130	8	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	130	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	130	10	high	high	ADJ
ahmr-885	130	11	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	130	12	level	level	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	13	panel	panel	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	14	suggest	suggest	VERB
ahmr-885	130	15	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	130	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	130	17	non	non	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	18	-	-	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	19	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	130	21	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	22	frameworks	framework	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	130	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	130	25	contradictions	contradiction	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	26	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	130	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	130	28	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	130	29	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	130	30	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	130	31	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	130	32	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	130	33	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	34	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	130	35	major	major	ADJ
ahmr-885	130	36	impediments	impediment	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	37	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	130	38	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	130	39	regulation	regulation	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	40	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	130	41	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	42	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	130	43	its	its	PRON
ahmr-885	130	44	attendant	attendant	ADJ
ahmr-885	130	45	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ahmr-885	130	46	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	131	1	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	131	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	131	3	adequate	adequate	ADJ
ahmr-885	131	4	attention	attention	NOUN
ahmr-885	131	5	needs	need	VERB
ahmr-885	131	6	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	131	7	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	131	8	given	give	VERB
ahmr-885	131	9	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	131	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	131	11	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	131	12	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	131	13	regulate	regulate	VERB
ahmr-885	131	14	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	131	15	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	131	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	131	17	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	131	18	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	131	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	131	20	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	131	21	harness	harness	VERB
ahmr-885	131	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	131	23	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ahmr-885	131	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	131	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	131	26	practice	practice	NOUN
ahmr-885	131	27	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	131	28	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
ahmr-885	131	29	its	its	PRON
ahmr-885	131	30	adverse	adverse	ADJ
ahmr-885	131	31	effects	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	131	32	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	132	1	methodology	methodology	NOUN
ahmr-885	132	2	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	132	3	study	study	NOUN
ahmr-885	132	4	adopted	adopt	VERB
ahmr-885	132	5	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	132	6	combination	combination	NOUN
ahmr-885	132	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	132	8	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	132	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ahmr-885	132	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	132	11	fieldwork	fieldwork	NOUN
ahmr-885	132	12	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	132	13	selected	select	VERB
ahmr-885	132	14	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	132	15	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	132	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	132	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	133	1	existing	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	133	2	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	133	3	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	133	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	133	5	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	133	6	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	133	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	133	8	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	133	9	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	133	10	1998	1998	NUM
ahmr-885	133	11	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	133	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	133	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	133	14	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	133	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	133	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	133	17	federal	federal	PROPN
ahmr-885	133	18	republic	republic	PROPN
ahmr-885	133	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	133	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	133	21	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	133	22	1999	1999	NUM
ahmr-885	133	23	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	133	24	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	133	25	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	133	26	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	133	27	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	133	28	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	133	29	examined	examine	VERB
ahmr-885	133	30	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	134	1	this	this	PRON
ahmr-885	134	2	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	134	3	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ahmr-885	134	4	because	because	SCONJ
ahmr-885	134	5	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	134	6	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	134	7	stipulate	stipulate	VERB
ahmr-885	134	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	134	9	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	134	10	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	134	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	134	12	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	134	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	134	14	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	134	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	134	16	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	134	17	at	at	ADP
ahmr-885	134	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	134	19	centre	centre	NOUN
ahmr-885	134	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	134	21	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	134	22	quest	quest	NOUN
ahmr-885	134	23	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	134	24	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	134	25	lasting	last	VERB
ahmr-885	134	26	solution	solution	NOUN
ahmr-885	134	27	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	134	28	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	134	29	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	134	30	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	134	31	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	134	32	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	134	33	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	134	34	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	134	35	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	134	36	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	135	1	information	information	NOUN
ahmr-885	135	2	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	135	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	135	4	fieldwork	fieldwork	NOUN
ahmr-885	135	5	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	135	6	used	use	VERB
ahmr-885	135	7	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	135	8	complement	complement	VERB
ahmr-885	135	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	135	10	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	135	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ahmr-885	135	12	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	136	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	136	2	fieldwork	fieldwork	NOUN
ahmr-885	136	3	covered	cover	VERB
ahmr-885	136	4	three	three	NUM
ahmr-885	136	5	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	136	6	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	136	7	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	136	8	namely	namely	ADV
ahmr-885	136	9	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	136	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	136	11	plateau	plateau	NOUN
ahmr-885	136	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	136	13	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	136	14	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	136	15	where	where	SCONJ
ahmr-885	136	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	136	17	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	136	18	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	136	19	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	136	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	136	21	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	136	22	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	136	23	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
ahmr-885	136	24	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	137	1	benue	benue	PROPN
ahmr-885	137	2	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	137	3	plateau	plateau	NOUN
ahmr-885	137	4	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	137	5	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	137	6	located	locate	VERB
ahmr-885	137	7	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	137	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	137	9	central	central	ADJ
ahmr-885	137	10	part	part	NOUN
ahmr-885	137	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	137	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	137	13	while	while	SCONJ
ahmr-885	137	14	adamawa	adamawa	NOUN
ahmr-885	137	15	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	137	16	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	137	17	situated	situate	VERB
ahmr-885	137	18	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	137	19	north	north	NOUN
ahmr-885	137	20	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	137	21	east	east	NOUN
ahmr-885	137	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	137	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	138	1	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	138	2	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	138	3	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	138	4	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	138	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	138	6	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	138	7	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	138	8	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	138	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	138	10	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	138	11	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	138	12	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	138	13	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	138	14	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	138	15	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	138	16	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	138	17	semi	semi	ADJ
ahmr-885	138	18	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	138	19	structured	structured	ADJ
ahmr-885	138	20	interviews	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	138	21	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	138	22	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	138	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	138	24	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	138	25	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	138	26	used	use	VERB
ahmr-885	138	27	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	139	1	interviews	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	139	2	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	139	3	conducted	conduct	VERB
ahmr-885	139	4	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	139	5	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	139	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	139	7	november	november	PROPN
ahmr-885	139	8	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	139	9	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	140	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	140	2	interviews	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	3	sought	seek	VERB
ahmr-885	140	4	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	140	5	elicit	elicit	VERB
ahmr-885	140	6	information	information	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	140	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	140	9	nature	nature	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	140	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	140	12	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	13	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	140	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	140	15	drivers	driver	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	140	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	140	18	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	19	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	140	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	140	21	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	140	23	those	those	PRON
ahmr-885	140	24	directly	directly	ADV
ahmr-885	140	25	affected	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	140	26	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	140	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	140	28	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	29	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	140	30	existing	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	140	31	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	32	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	140	33	dousing	douse	VERB
ahmr-885	140	34	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	140	35	tensions	tension	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	36	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	140	37	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	140	38	two	two	NUM
ahmr-885	140	39	groups	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	140	40	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	141	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	141	2	views	view	NOUN
ahmr-885	141	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	141	4	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	141	5	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	141	6	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	141	7	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	141	8	important	important	ADJ
ahmr-885	141	9	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	141	10	confirm	confirm	VERB
ahmr-885	141	11	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	141	12	dispute	dispute	VERB
ahmr-885	141	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	141	14	claims	claim	NOUN
ahmr-885	141	15	relating	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	141	16	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	141	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	141	18	emergence	emergence	NOUN
ahmr-885	141	19	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	141	20	role	role	NOUN
ahmr-885	141	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	141	22	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	141	23	actors	actor	NOUN
ahmr-885	141	24	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	141	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	141	26	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	141	27	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	141	28	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	141	29	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	141	30	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	141	31	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	142	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	142	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ahmr-885	142	3	data	datum	NOUN
ahmr-885	142	4	generated	generate	VERB
ahmr-885	142	5	through	through	ADP
ahmr-885	142	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	142	7	interviews	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	142	8	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	142	9	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ahmr-885	142	10	according	accord	VERB
ahmr-885	142	11	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	142	12	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ahmr-885	142	13	themes	theme	NOUN
ahmr-885	142	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	143	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	143	2	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	143	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	143	5	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	143	6	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	7	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	8	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	143	9	outlined	outline	VERB
ahmr-885	143	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	143	11	examined	examine	VERB
ahmr-885	143	12	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	143	13	address	address	VERB
ahmr-885	143	14	pertinent	pertinent	ADJ
ahmr-885	143	15	issues	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	143	17	questions	question	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	18	relating	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	143	19	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	143	20	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	21	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	143	22	how	how	SCONJ
ahmr-885	143	23	well	well	ADV
ahmr-885	143	24	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	143	25	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	26	works	work	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	27	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	143	28	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	143	29	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	30	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	143	31	alternatives	alternative	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	32	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	143	33	how	how	SCONJ
ahmr-885	143	34	good	good	ADJ
ahmr-885	143	35	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	143	36	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	37	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	143	38	compared	compare	VERB
ahmr-885	143	39	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	143	40	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	143	41	approaches	approach	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	42	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	143	43	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	143	44	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	143	45	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	46	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	143	47	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	48	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	143	49	positive	positive	ADJ
ahmr-885	143	50	change	change	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	51	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	143	52	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	143	53	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	143	54	better	well	ADJ
ahmr-885	143	55	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	143	56	amend	amend	VERB
ahmr-885	143	57	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	143	58	replace	replace	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	59	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	143	60	remove	remove	VERB
ahmr-885	143	61	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	143	62	add	add	VERB
ahmr-885	143	63	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	143	64	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	143	65	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	143	66	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	144	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	144	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ahmr-885	144	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	144	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	144	5	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	144	6	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	144	7	related	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	144	8	legal	legal	ADJ
ahmr-885	144	9	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ahmr-885	144	10	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	144	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	144	12	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	144	13	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	144	14	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	144	15	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	144	16	anti	anti	ADJ
ahmr-885	144	17	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	144	18	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	144	19	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	144	20	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	144	21	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	144	22	reviewed	review	VERB
ahmr-885	144	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	145	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	2	while	while	SCONJ
ahmr-885	145	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	145	4	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	145	5	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	6	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	145	7	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	145	8	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	145	10	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	11	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	145	12	goods	good	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	145	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	145	15	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	16	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	145	17	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	18	aim	aim	VERB
ahmr-885	145	19	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	145	20	promote	promote	VERB
ahmr-885	145	21	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	145	22	integration	integration	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	145	24	boost	boost	VERB
ahmr-885	145	25	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ
ahmr-885	145	26	production	production	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	27	respectively	respectively	ADV
ahmr-885	145	28	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	145	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	145	30	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	31	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	145	32	contributed	contribute	VERB
ahmr-885	145	33	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	145	34	transborder	transborder	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	35	crime	crime	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	36	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	145	37	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	38	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	145	39	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	145	40	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	145	41	thereby	thereby	ADV
ahmr-885	145	42	producing	produce	VERB
ahmr-885	145	43	counter	counter	ADJ
ahmr-885	145	44	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	145	45	productive	productive	ADJ
ahmr-885	145	46	results	result	NOUN
ahmr-885	145	47	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	146	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	146	2	situation	situation	NOUN
ahmr-885	146	3	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	146	4	worsened	worsen	VERB
ahmr-885	146	5	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	146	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	146	7	uncontrolled	uncontrolled	ADJ
ahmr-885	146	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	146	9	porous	porous	ADJ
ahmr-885	146	10	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	146	11	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	146	12	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	146	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	147	1	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	147	2	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	147	3	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	147	4	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	147	5	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	147	6	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	147	7	associated	associate	VERB
ahmr-885	147	8	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	147	9	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB
ahmr-885	147	10	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	147	11	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	147	12	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	147	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	147	14	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	147	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	147	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	147	17	emergence	emergence	NOUN
ahmr-885	147	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	147	19	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	147	20	actors	actor	NOUN
ahmr-885	147	21	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	147	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	147	23	proliferation	proliferation	NOUN
ahmr-885	147	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	147	25	small	small	ADJ
ahmr-885	147	26	arms	arm	NOUN
ahmr-885	147	27	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	147	28	ammunition	ammunition	NOUN
ahmr-885	147	29	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	148	1	these	these	PRON
ahmr-885	148	2	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	148	3	compounded	compound	VERB
ahmr-885	148	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	148	5	changed	change	VERB
ahmr-885	148	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	148	7	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
ahmr-885	148	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	148	9	farmer	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	148	10	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	148	11	herder	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	148	12	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	148	13	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	148	14	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	148	15	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	148	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	149	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	149	2	widespread	widespread	ADJ
ahmr-885	149	3	displacement	displacement	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	149	5	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	149	7	destruction	destruction	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	149	9	homes	home	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	149	11	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	149	13	loss	loss	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	149	15	lives	life	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	149	17	disruption	disruption	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	149	19	livelihoods	livelihood	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	149	21	diminishing	diminish	VERB
ahmr-885	149	22	labour	labour	ADJ
ahmr-885	149	23	force	force	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	24	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	149	25	currently	currently	ADV
ahmr-885	149	26	affecting	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	149	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	149	28	socio	socio	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	29	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	149	30	economic	economic	ADJ
ahmr-885	149	31	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	32	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	149	33	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	34	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	149	35	benue	benue	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	36	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	149	37	plateau	plateau	NOUN
ahmr-885	149	38	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	149	39	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	149	40	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	150	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	150	2	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	150	3	have	have	VERB
ahmr-885	150	4	long	long	ADJ
ahmr-885	150	5	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	150	6	term	term	NOUN
ahmr-885	150	7	effects	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	150	8	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	150	9	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	150	10	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	150	11	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	150	12	access	access	NOUN
ahmr-885	150	13	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	150	14	education	education	NOUN
ahmr-885	150	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	150	16	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	150	17	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ahmr-885	150	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	150	19	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	150	20	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	151	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	151	2	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	151	3	crisis	crisis	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	4	group	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	151	6	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	151	7	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	151	8	found	find	VERB
ahmr-885	151	9	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	151	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	151	11	disruption	disruption	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	12	caused	cause	VERB
ahmr-885	151	13	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	151	14	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	15	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	151	16	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	17	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	151	18	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	19	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	151	20	benue	benue	PROPN
ahmr-885	151	21	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	151	22	nasarawa	nasarawa	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	151	24	taraba	taraba	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	25	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	26	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	151	27	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	151	28	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	151	29	led	lead	VERB
ahmr-885	151	30	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	151	31	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	151	32	estimated	estimate	VERB
ahmr-885	151	33	33	33	NUM
ahmr-885	151	34	-	-	SYM
ahmr-885	151	35	65	65	NUM
ahmr-885	151	36	%	%	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	37	reduction	reduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	38	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	151	39	farming	farming	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	40	activities	activity	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	41	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	151	42	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	43	production	production	NOUN
ahmr-885	151	44	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	152	1	relatedly	relatedly	ADV
ahmr-885	152	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	152	3	officials	official	NOUN
ahmr-885	152	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	152	5	benue	benue	PROPN
ahmr-885	152	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	152	7	plateau	plateau	NOUN
ahmr-885	152	8	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	152	9	reported	report	VERB
ahmr-885	152	10	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	152	11	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	152	12	60	60	NUM
ahmr-885	152	13	%	%	NOUN
ahmr-885	152	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	152	15	displaced	displace	VERB
ahmr-885	152	16	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	152	17	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	152	18	children	child	NOUN
ahmr-885	152	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	152	20	school	school	NOUN
ahmr-885	152	21	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	152	22	going	go	VERB
ahmr-885	152	23	age	age	NOUN
ahmr-885	152	24	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	153	1	this	this	PRON
ahmr-885	153	2	implies	imply	VERB
ahmr-885	153	3	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	153	4	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	153	5	children	child	NOUN
ahmr-885	153	6	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	153	7	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	153	8	deprived	deprive	VERB
ahmr-885	153	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	153	10	access	access	NOUN
ahmr-885	153	11	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	153	12	formal	formal	ADJ
ahmr-885	153	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	153	14	non	non	ADJ
ahmr-885	153	15	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	153	16	formal	formal	ADJ
ahmr-885	153	17	basic	basic	ADJ
ahmr-885	153	18	education	education	NOUN
ahmr-885	153	19	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	154	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	154	2	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
ahmr-885	154	3	effect	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	154	4	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	154	5	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	154	6	increase	increase	NOUN
ahmr-885	154	7	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	154	8	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ahmr-885	154	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	154	10	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ahmr-885	154	11	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	154	12	adzande	adzande	NOUN
ahmr-885	154	13	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	154	14	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	154	15	1661	1661	NUM
ahmr-885	154	16	underdevelopment	underdevelopment	NOUN
ahmr-885	154	17	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	154	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	154	19	affected	affected	ADJ
ahmr-885	154	20	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	154	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	155	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	155	2	negative	negative	ADJ
ahmr-885	155	3	effects	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	155	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	155	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	155	6	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	155	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	155	8	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	155	9	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	155	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	155	11	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	155	12	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	155	13	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	155	14	elicited	elicit	VERB
ahmr-885	155	15	debates	debate	NOUN
ahmr-885	155	16	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	155	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	155	18	place	place	NOUN
ahmr-885	155	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	155	20	itinerant	itinerant	ADJ
ahmr-885	155	21	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	155	22	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	155	23	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ahmr-885	155	24	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	155	25	society	society	NOUN
ahmr-885	155	26	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	156	1	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	156	2	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	156	3	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	156	4	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	156	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	156	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	156	7	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	156	8	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	156	9	protocol	protocol	VERB
ahmr-885	156	10	several	several	ADJ
ahmr-885	156	11	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ahmr-885	156	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	156	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	156	14	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	156	15	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	156	16	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	156	17	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	156	18	particular	particular	ADJ
ahmr-885	156	19	interest	interest	NOUN
ahmr-885	156	20	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	156	21	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	156	22	paper	paper	NOUN
ahmr-885	156	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	157	1	article	article	NOUN
ahmr-885	157	2	3	3	NUM
ahmr-885	157	3	allows	allow	VERB
ahmr-885	157	4	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	157	5	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	157	6	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	157	7	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	157	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	157	9	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	157	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	157	11	all	all	DET
ahmr-885	157	12	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	157	13	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	157	14	upon	upon	SCONJ
ahmr-885	157	15	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	157	16	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ahmr-885	157	17	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	157	18	stipulated	stipulate	VERB
ahmr-885	157	19	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	157	20	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	158	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	158	2	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	158	3	include	include	VERB
ahmr-885	158	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	158	5	possession	possession	NOUN
ahmr-885	158	6	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	158	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	158	8	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	158	9	international	international	PROPN
ahmr-885	158	10	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	158	11	certificate	certificate	NOUN
ahmr-885	158	12	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	158	13	itc	itc	PROPN
ahmr-885	158	14	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	158	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	159	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	159	2	reason	reason	NOUN
ahmr-885	159	3	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	159	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	159	5	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	159	6	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	159	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	159	8	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	159	9	certificate	certificate	NOUN
ahmr-885	159	10	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	159	11	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	159	12	document	document	VERB
ahmr-885	159	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	159	14	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	159	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	159	16	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	159	17	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	159	18	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	159	19	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	159	20	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	160	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	160	2	documentation	documentation	NOUN
ahmr-885	160	3	enables	enable	VERB
ahmr-885	160	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	160	5	tracking	tracking	NOUN
ahmr-885	160	6	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	160	7	pastoral	pastoral	ADJ
ahmr-885	160	8	movements	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	160	9	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	160	10	provides	provide	VERB
ahmr-885	160	11	information	information	NOUN
ahmr-885	160	12	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	160	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	160	14	host	host	NOUN
ahmr-885	160	15	communities	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	160	16	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	160	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	160	18	arrival	arrival	NOUN
ahmr-885	160	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	160	20	transhumant	transhumant	ADJ
ahmr-885	160	21	animals	animal	NOUN
ahmr-885	160	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	161	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	161	2	certificate	certificate	NOUN
ahmr-885	161	3	basically	basically	ADV
ahmr-885	161	4	contains	contain	VERB
ahmr-885	161	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	161	6	itinerary	itinerary	NOUN
ahmr-885	161	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	161	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	161	9	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	161	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	161	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	161	12	border	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	161	13	posts	post	NOUN
ahmr-885	161	14	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	161	15	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	161	16	crossed	cross	VERB
ahmr-885	161	17	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	161	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	161	19	final	final	ADJ
ahmr-885	161	20	destination	destination	NOUN
ahmr-885	161	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	161	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	161	23	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	161	24	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	162	1	article	article	NOUN
ahmr-885	162	2	7	7	NUM
ahmr-885	162	3	stipulates	stipulate	VERB
ahmr-885	162	4	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	162	5	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	162	6	herds	herd	NOUN
ahmr-885	162	7	shall	shall	AUX
ahmr-885	162	8	follow	follow	VERB
ahmr-885	162	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	162	10	routes	route	NOUN
ahmr-885	162	11	defined	define	VERB
ahmr-885	162	12	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	162	13	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	162	14	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	162	15	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	162	16	accordance	accordance	NOUN
ahmr-885	162	17	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	162	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	162	19	itinerary	itinerary	NOUN
ahmr-885	162	20	indicated	indicate	VERB
ahmr-885	162	21	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	162	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	162	23	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	162	24	itc	itc	PROPN
ahmr-885	162	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	163	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	163	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	163	3	event	event	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	163	5	any	any	DET
ahmr-885	163	6	contraventions	contravention	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	7	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	163	8	article	article	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	9	13	13	NUM
ahmr-885	163	10	makes	make	VERB
ahmr-885	163	11	provision	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	12	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	163	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	163	14	apprehension	apprehension	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	163	16	stray	stray	ADJ
ahmr-885	163	17	animals	animal	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	18	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	163	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	163	20	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ahmr-885	163	21	authorities	authority	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	22	without	without	ADP
ahmr-885	163	23	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	24	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	163	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	163	26	application	application	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	27	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	163	28	sanctions	sanction	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	29	against	against	ADP
ahmr-885	163	30	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	163	31	owner	owner	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	32	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	163	33	herdsmen	herdsman	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	34	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	163	35	provided	provide	VERB
ahmr-885	163	36	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	163	37	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	163	38	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	39	applicable	applicable	ADJ
ahmr-885	163	40	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	163	41	cases	case	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	42	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	163	43	stray	stray	ADJ
ahmr-885	163	44	animals	animal	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	45	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	163	46	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	163	47	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	48	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	163	49	concerned	concern	VERB
ahmr-885	163	50	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	164	1	articles	article	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	2	14	14	NUM
ahmr-885	164	3	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	164	4	15	15	NUM
ahmr-885	164	5	address	address	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	6	issues	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	7	relating	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	164	8	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	164	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	164	10	period	period	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	11	during	during	ADP
ahmr-885	164	12	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	164	13	migrating	migrating	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	14	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	15	may	may	AUX
ahmr-885	164	16	enter	enter	VERB
ahmr-885	164	17	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	164	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	164	19	depart	depart	VERB
ahmr-885	164	20	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	164	21	host	host	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	22	territories	territory	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	164	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	164	25	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	26	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	164	27	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	28	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	164	29	defining	define	VERB
ahmr-885	164	30	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	164	31	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	32	where	where	SCONJ
ahmr-885	164	33	transhumant	transhumant	ADJ
ahmr-885	164	34	animals	animal	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	35	may	may	AUX
ahmr-885	164	36	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	164	37	stocked	stock	VERB
ahmr-885	164	38	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	164	39	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	164	40	maximum	maximum	ADJ
ahmr-885	164	41	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	42	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	164	43	each	each	DET
ahmr-885	164	44	holding	hold	VERB
ahmr-885	164	45	zone	zone	NOUN
ahmr-885	164	46	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	165	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	165	2	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	165	3	further	further	ADJ
ahmr-885	165	4	demands	demand	NOUN
ahmr-885	165	5	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	165	6	accompanying	accompany	VERB
ahmr-885	165	7	herdsmen	herdsman	NOUN
ahmr-885	165	8	must	must	AUX
ahmr-885	165	9	pen	pen	VERB
ahmr-885	165	10	up	up	ADP
ahmr-885	165	11	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	165	12	herd	herd	NOUN
ahmr-885	165	13	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	165	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	165	15	zone	zone	NOUN
ahmr-885	165	16	assigned	assign	VERB
ahmr-885	165	17	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	165	18	officials	official	NOUN
ahmr-885	165	19	at	at	ADP
ahmr-885	165	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	165	21	point	point	NOUN
ahmr-885	165	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	165	23	entry	entry	NOUN
ahmr-885	165	24	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	166	1	while	while	SCONJ
ahmr-885	166	2	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	166	3	appears	appear	VERB
ahmr-885	166	4	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	166	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	166	6	proponents	proponent	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	166	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	166	9	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	10	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	11	foresaw	foresee	VERB
ahmr-885	166	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	166	13	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	166	15	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	16	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	166	17	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	166	19	host	host	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	20	communities	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	21	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	166	22	laid	lay	VERB
ahmr-885	166	23	down	down	ADP
ahmr-885	166	24	seemingly	seemingly	ADV
ahmr-885	166	25	adequate	adequate	ADJ
ahmr-885	166	26	measures	measure	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	27	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	166	28	prevent	prevent	VERB
ahmr-885	166	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	166	30	occurrences	occurrence	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	31	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	166	32	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	166	33	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	166	34	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ahmr-885	166	35	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	36	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	166	37	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	166	38	two	two	NUM
ahmr-885	166	39	groups	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	40	suggest	suggest	VERB
ahmr-885	166	41	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	166	42	either	either	CCONJ
ahmr-885	166	43	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	166	44	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	45	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	166	46	inefficient	inefficient	ADJ
ahmr-885	166	47	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	166	48	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	49	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	166	50	adherence	adherence	NOUN
ahmr-885	166	51	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	166	52	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	166	53	lacking	lack	VERB
ahmr-885	166	54	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	167	1	article	article	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	2	16	16	NUM
ahmr-885	167	3	requires	require	VERB
ahmr-885	167	4	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	5	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	167	6	observe	observe	VERB
ahmr-885	167	7	all	all	DET
ahmr-885	167	8	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	9	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	167	10	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	167	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	167	13	host	host	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	14	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	167	16	particularly	particularly	ADV
ahmr-885	167	17	those	those	PRON
ahmr-885	167	18	concerning	concern	VERB
ahmr-885	167	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	167	20	conservation	conservation	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	167	22	forest	forest	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	23	reserves	reserve	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	24	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	167	25	forest	forest	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	26	resources	resource	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	27	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	167	28	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	167	29	management	management	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	30	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	167	31	watering	watering	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	32	points	point	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	33	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	167	34	pastoral	pastoral	ADJ
ahmr-885	167	35	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	167	36	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	168	1	interestingly	interestingly	ADV
ahmr-885	168	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	168	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	168	4	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	5	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	6	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	168	7	both	both	DET
ahmr-885	168	8	articles	article	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	9	13	13	NUM
ahmr-885	168	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	168	11	16	16	NUM
ahmr-885	168	12	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
ahmr-885	168	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	168	14	extant	extant	ADJ
ahmr-885	168	15	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	16	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	168	17	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	18	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	19	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	168	20	does	do	AUX
ahmr-885	168	21	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	168	22	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	168	23	any	any	DET
ahmr-885	168	24	way	way	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	25	assume	assume	VERB
ahmr-885	168	26	overarching	overarching	ADJ
ahmr-885	168	27	authority	authority	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	28	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	168	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	168	30	regulation	regulation	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	31	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	168	32	transhumant	transhumant	ADJ
ahmr-885	168	33	activities	activity	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	34	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	168	35	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	168	36	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	168	37	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	168	38	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	168	39	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	168	40	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	41	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	168	42	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	168	43	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	168	44	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	168	45	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	46	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	168	47	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	168	48	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	168	49	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	168	50	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	168	51	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	168	52	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	53	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	168	54	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	169	1	however	however	ADV
ahmr-885	169	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	169	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	169	4	attempts	attempt	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	5	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	169	6	some	some	DET
ahmr-885	169	7	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	8	governments	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	9	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	169	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	169	11	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	169	12	introduce	introduce	VERB
ahmr-885	169	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	169	14	enforce	enforce	VERB
ahmr-885	169	15	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	16	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	169	17	abate	abate	VERB
ahmr-885	169	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	169	19	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	20	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	169	21	often	often	ADV
ahmr-885	169	22	met	meet	VERB
ahmr-885	169	23	stiff	stiff	ADJ
ahmr-885	169	24	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	25	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	169	26	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	169	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	169	28	majority	majority	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	29	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	169	30	those	those	PRON
ahmr-885	169	31	opposing	oppose	VERB
ahmr-885	169	32	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	169	33	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	34	making	make	VERB
ahmr-885	169	35	reference	reference	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	36	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	169	37	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	169	38	contradictions	contradiction	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	39	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	169	40	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	169	41	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	42	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	169	43	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	169	44	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	169	45	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	46	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	169	47	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	170	1	even	even	ADV
ahmr-885	170	2	though	though	SCONJ
ahmr-885	170	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	170	4	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	170	5	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	170	6	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	170	7	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	170	8	signatory	signatory	NOUN
ahmr-885	170	9	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	170	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	170	11	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	170	12	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	170	13	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	170	14	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	170	15	little	little	ADJ
ahmr-885	170	16	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	170	17	no	no	PRON
ahmr-885	170	18	effort	effort	NOUN
ahmr-885	170	19	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	170	20	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	170	21	made	make	VERB
ahmr-885	170	22	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	170	23	domesticating	domesticate	VERB
ahmr-885	170	24	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	170	25	implementing	implement	VERB
ahmr-885	170	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	170	27	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	170	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	170	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	170	30	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	170	31	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	171	1	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	171	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ahmr-885	171	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	171	4	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	171	5	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	171	6	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	171	7	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	171	8	migrate	migrate	VERB
ahmr-885	171	9	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	171	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	171	11	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	171	12	unchecked	unchecked	ADJ
ahmr-885	171	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	171	14	without	without	ADP
ahmr-885	171	15	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	171	16	required	require	VERB
ahmr-885	171	17	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	171	18	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	171	19	certificate	certificate	NOUN
ahmr-885	171	20	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	171	21	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	171	22	supposed	suppose	VERB
ahmr-885	171	23	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	171	24	show	show	VERB
ahmr-885	171	25	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	171	26	itinerary	itinerary	NOUN
ahmr-885	171	27	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	171	28	certify	certify	VERB
ahmr-885	171	29	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	171	30	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	171	31	fit	fit	ADJ
ahmr-885	171	32	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	171	33	passage	passage	NOUN
ahmr-885	171	34	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	172	1	another	another	DET
ahmr-885	172	2	contradictory	contradictory	ADJ
ahmr-885	172	3	dimension	dimension	NOUN
ahmr-885	172	4	could	could	AUX
ahmr-885	172	5	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	172	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	172	7	relevance	relevance	NOUN
ahmr-885	172	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	172	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	172	10	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	172	11	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	172	12	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	172	13	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	172	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	172	15	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	172	16	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	172	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	173	1	if	if	SCONJ
ahmr-885	173	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	173	3	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	173	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	173	6	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	7	suggest	suggest	VERB
ahmr-885	173	8	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	173	9	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	173	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	173	11	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	173	12	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	173	14	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	15	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	16	supersede	supersede	VERB
ahmr-885	173	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	173	18	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	173	20	then	then	ADV
ahmr-885	173	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	173	22	what	what	DET
ahmr-885	173	23	use	use	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	24	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	173	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	173	26	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	27	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	173	28	regulating	regulate	VERB
ahmr-885	173	29	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	173	30	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	173	31	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	173	32	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	33	besides	besides	SCONJ
ahmr-885	173	34	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	173	35	issuance	issuance	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	36	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	173	37	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	173	38	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	173	39	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	40	certificate	certificate	NOUN
ahmr-885	173	41	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	174	1	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	2	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	3	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	174	4	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	174	6	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	174	8	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	9	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	174	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	174	11	through	through	ADP
ahmr-885	174	12	semi	semi	ADJ
ahmr-885	174	13	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	174	14	structured	structured	ADJ
ahmr-885	174	15	interviews	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	16	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	174	17	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	174	19	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	20	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	174	21	parts	part	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	174	23	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	174	24	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	174	25	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	174	26	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	174	27	gathered	gather	VERB
ahmr-885	174	28	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	174	29	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	174	30	is	be	VERB
ahmr-885	174	31	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	174	32	link	link	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	33	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	174	34	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	174	35	escalation	escalation	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	36	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	174	37	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	38	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	174	39	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	174	40	emergence	emergence	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	41	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	174	42	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	174	43	actors	actor	NOUN
ahmr-885	174	44	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	175	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	175	2	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	175	3	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	175	4	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	175	5	interviewed	interview	VERB
ahmr-885	175	6	referred	refer	VERB
ahmr-885	175	7	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	175	8	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	175	9	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	175	10	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	175	11	actors	actor	NOUN
ahmr-885	175	12	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	175	13	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	175	14	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	175	15	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	175	16	breed	breed	NOUN
ahmr-885	175	17	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	175	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	175	19	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	175	20	originating	originate	VERB
ahmr-885	175	21	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	175	22	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	175	23	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	175	24	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	175	25	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	175	26	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	176	1	some	some	PRON
ahmr-885	176	2	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	176	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	176	4	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ahmr-885	176	5	traced	trace	VERB
ahmr-885	176	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	176	7	origin	origin	NOUN
ahmr-885	176	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	176	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	176	10	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	176	11	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	176	12	central	central	ADJ
ahmr-885	176	13	african	african	PROPN
ahmr-885	176	14	republic	republic	PROPN
ahmr-885	176	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	176	16	libya	libya	PROPN
ahmr-885	176	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	177	1	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	177	2	alleged	allege	VERB
ahmr-885	177	3	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	177	4	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	177	5	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	177	6	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	177	7	had	have	AUX
ahmr-885	177	8	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	177	9	displaced	displace	VERB
ahmr-885	177	10	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	177	11	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	177	12	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	177	13	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	177	14	original	original	ADJ
ahmr-885	177	15	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	177	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	177	17	habitation	habitation	NOUN
ahmr-885	177	18	brought	bring	VERB
ahmr-885	177	19	along	along	ADP
ahmr-885	177	20	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
ahmr-885	177	21	weapons	weapon	NOUN
ahmr-885	177	22	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	177	23	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	177	24	used	use	VERB
ahmr-885	177	25	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	177	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	177	27	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	177	28	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	177	29	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	177	30	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	177	31	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	177	32	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	177	33	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	177	34	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	178	1	according	accord	VERB
ahmr-885	178	2	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	178	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	178	4	members	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	178	6	farming	farming	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	7	communities	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	8	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	178	9	benue	benue	PROPN
ahmr-885	178	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	178	11	plateau	plateau	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	178	13	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	178	14	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	178	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	178	17	major	major	ADJ
ahmr-885	178	18	differences	difference	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	19	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	178	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	178	21	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	178	22	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	178	23	old	old	ADJ
ahmr-885	178	24	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	25	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	178	26	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	178	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	178	28	former	former	ADJ
ahmr-885	178	29	carry	carry	VERB
ahmr-885	178	30	weapons	weapon	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	31	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	178	32	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	178	33	guns	gun	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	34	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	178	35	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	178	36	move	move	VERB
ahmr-885	178	37	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	178	38	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	178	39	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	40	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	178	41	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	178	42	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	178	43	unable	unable	ADJ
ahmr-885	178	44	speak	speak	VERB
ahmr-885	178	45	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	178	46	hausa	hausa	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	47	language	language	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	48	while	while	SCONJ
ahmr-885	178	49	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	178	50	latter	latter	ADJ
ahmr-885	178	51	carry	carry	VERB
ahmr-885	178	52	sticks	stick	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	53	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	178	54	often	often	ADV
ahmr-885	178	55	communicate	communicate	VERB
ahmr-885	178	56	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	178	57	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	178	58	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	178	59	languages	language	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	60	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	178	61	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	178	62	hausa	hausa	NOUN
ahmr-885	178	63	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	179	1	some	some	DET
ahmr-885	179	2	excerpts	excerpt	NOUN
ahmr-885	179	3	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	179	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	179	5	interviews	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	179	6	show	show	VERB
ahmr-885	179	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	179	8	views	view	NOUN
ahmr-885	179	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	179	10	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ahmr-885	179	11	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	179	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	179	13	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	179	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	179	15	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	179	16	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	179	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	179	18	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	179	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	179	20	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	179	21	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	179	22	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	179	23	guns	gun	NOUN
ahmr-885	179	24	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	179	25	mali	mali	PROPN
ahmr-885	179	26	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	179	27	libya	libya	PROPN
ahmr-885	179	28	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	179	29	central	central	ADJ
ahmr-885	179	30	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	179	31	republic	republic	NOUN
ahmr-885	179	32	where	where	SCONJ
ahmr-885	179	33	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	179	34	are	be	VERB
ahmr-885	179	35	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ahmr-885	179	36	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	179	37	move	move	VERB
ahmr-885	179	38	freely	freely	ADV
ahmr-885	179	39	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	179	40	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ahmr-885	179	41	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	180	1	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	180	2	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	180	3	received	receive	VERB
ahmr-885	180	4	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	180	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	180	6	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
ahmr-885	180	7	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	180	8	residing	reside	VERB
ahmr-885	180	9	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	180	10	northern	northern	PROPN
ahmr-885	180	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	180	12	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	181	1	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	181	2	unfavourable	unfavourable	ADJ
ahmr-885	181	3	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	181	4	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	181	5	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	181	6	drought	drought	NOUN
ahmr-885	181	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	181	8	desert	desert	NOUN
ahmr-885	181	9	encroachment	encroachment	NOUN
ahmr-885	181	10	worsen	worsen	VERB
ahmr-885	181	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	181	12	northern	northern	PROPN
ahmr-885	181	13	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	181	14	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	181	15	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	181	16	drift	drift	VERB
ahmr-885	181	17	southwards	southward	NOUN
ahmr-885	181	18	adzande	adzande	VERB
ahmr-885	181	19	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	181	20	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	181	21	1663	1663	NUM
ahmr-885	181	22	towards	towards	ADP
ahmr-885	181	23	central	central	PROPN
ahmr-885	181	24	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	181	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	182	1	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	2	arise	arise	VERB
ahmr-885	182	3	when	when	SCONJ
ahmr-885	182	4	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	182	5	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	6	destroy	destroy	VERB
ahmr-885	182	7	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	8	’	’	PART
ahmr-885	182	9	crops	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	10	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	182	11	when	when	SCONJ
ahmr-885	182	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	182	13	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	14	steal	steal	VERB
ahmr-885	182	15	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	182	16	kill	kill	VERB
ahmr-885	182	17	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	182	18	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	19	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	182	20	interview	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	21	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	182	22	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	182	23	community	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	24	leader	leader	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	25	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	182	26	plateau	plateau	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	27	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	182	28	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	182	29	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	183	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ahmr-885	183	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	183	3	interviews	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	4	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	183	5	community	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	6	leaders	leader	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	183	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	183	9	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ahmr-885	183	10	ardos	ardo	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	183	12	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	183	13	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	14	revealed	reveal	VERB
ahmr-885	183	15	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	183	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	183	17	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	18	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	183	19	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	183	21	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	22	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	183	23	driven	drive	VERB
ahmr-885	183	24	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	183	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	183	26	influx	influx	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	27	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	183	28	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	183	29	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	183	30	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	183	31	breed	breed	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	32	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	183	33	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	183	34	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	183	35	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	184	2	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	3	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	184	4	breeds	breed	NOUN
ahmr-885	184	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	184	6	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	184	7	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	8	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	184	9	referred	refer	VERB
ahmr-885	184	10	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	184	11	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	184	12	fulani	fulani	X
ahmr-885	184	13	daji	daji	NOUN
ahmr-885	184	14	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	15	literally	literally	ADV
ahmr-885	184	16	translated	translate	VERB
ahmr-885	184	17	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	184	18	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	19	bush	bush	PROPN
ahmr-885	184	20	fulani	fulani	X
ahmr-885	184	21	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	22	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	23	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	184	24	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	184	25	bid	bid	NOUN
ahmr-885	184	26	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	184	27	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
ahmr-885	184	28	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	29	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
ahmr-885	184	30	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	31	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	184	32	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	33	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ahmr-885	184	34	gida	gida	PROPN
ahmr-885	184	35	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	36	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	37	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	184	38	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	184	39	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN
ahmr-885	184	40	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	184	41	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	184	42	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	184	43	communities	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	184	44	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	184	45	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	184	46	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	184	47	unrecognized	unrecognized	ADJ
ahmr-885	184	48	itinerant	itinerant	ADJ
ahmr-885	184	49	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	184	50	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	184	51	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	184	52	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	184	53	entrants	entrant	NOUN
ahmr-885	184	54	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	185	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	185	2	itinerant	itinerant	ADJ
ahmr-885	185	3	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	185	4	allegedly	allegedly	ADV
ahmr-885	185	5	migrated	migrate	VERB
ahmr-885	185	6	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	185	7	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	185	8	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	185	9	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	185	10	mali	mali	ADJ
ahmr-885	185	11	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	185	12	niger	niger	NOUN
ahmr-885	185	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	185	14	chad	chad	PROPN
ahmr-885	185	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	186	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	186	2	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	186	3	state	state	PROPN
ahmr-885	186	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	186	5	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	186	6	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ahmr-885	186	7	ruler	ruler	NOUN
ahmr-885	186	8	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	186	9	yola	yola	PROPN
ahmr-885	186	10	south	south	PROPN
ahmr-885	186	11	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	186	12	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	186	13	gave	give	VERB
ahmr-885	186	14	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	186	15	brief	brief	ADJ
ahmr-885	186	16	historical	historical	ADJ
ahmr-885	186	17	account	account	NOUN
ahmr-885	186	18	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	186	19	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	186	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	186	21	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ahmr-885	186	22	gida	gida	PROPN
ahmr-885	186	23	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	186	24	lived	live	VERB
ahmr-885	186	25	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	186	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	186	27	bachama	bachama	PROPN
ahmr-885	186	28	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ahmr-885	186	29	group	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	186	30	peacefully	peacefully	ADV
ahmr-885	186	31	before	before	ADP
ahmr-885	186	32	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	186	33	arrival	arrival	NOUN
ahmr-885	186	34	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	186	35	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	186	36	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ahmr-885	186	37	itinerant	itinerant	ADJ
ahmr-885	186	38	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	186	39	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	186	40	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ahmr-885	186	41	daji	daji	PROPN
ahmr-885	186	42	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	186	43	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	187	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	187	2	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ahmr-885	187	3	daji	daji	PROPN
ahmr-885	187	4	caused	cause	VERB
ahmr-885	187	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	187	6	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	187	7	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	187	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	187	9	beginning	beginning	NOUN
ahmr-885	187	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	188	1	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	188	2	killed	kill	VERB
ahmr-885	188	3	members	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	188	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	188	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	188	6	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	188	7	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ahmr-885	188	8	groups	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	188	9	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	188	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	188	11	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	188	12	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	189	1	after	after	ADP
ahmr-885	189	2	igniting	ignite	VERB
ahmr-885	189	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	189	4	violence	violence	NOUN
ahmr-885	189	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	189	6	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	189	7	moved	move	VERB
ahmr-885	189	8	on	on	ADV
ahmr-885	189	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	189	10	leaving	leave	VERB
ahmr-885	189	11	behind	behind	ADP
ahmr-885	189	12	tensions	tension	NOUN
ahmr-885	189	13	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	189	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	189	15	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	189	16	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ahmr-885	189	17	groups	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	189	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	189	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	189	20	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ahmr-885	189	21	gida	gida	PROPN
ahmr-885	189	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	190	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	190	2	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	190	3	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ahmr-885	190	4	groups	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	190	5	then	then	ADV
ahmr-885	190	6	turned	turn	VERB
ahmr-885	190	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	190	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	190	9	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ahmr-885	190	10	gida	gida	PROPN
ahmr-885	190	11	claiming	claim	VERB
ahmr-885	190	12	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	190	13	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	190	14	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	190	15	co	co	NOUN
ahmr-885	190	16	-	-	NOUN
ahmr-885	190	17	conspirators	conspirator	NOUN
ahmr-885	190	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	190	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	190	20	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ahmr-885	190	21	daji	daji	PROPN
ahmr-885	190	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	191	1	this	this	PRON
ahmr-885	191	2	led	lead	VERB
ahmr-885	191	3	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	191	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	191	5	escalation	escalation	NOUN
ahmr-885	191	6	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	191	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	191	8	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	191	9	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	191	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	191	11	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	191	12	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ahmr-885	191	13	groups	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	191	14	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	191	15	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	191	16	predominantly	predominantly	ADV
ahmr-885	191	17	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	191	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	191	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	191	20	fulani	fulani	ADJ
ahmr-885	191	21	gida	gida	PROPN
ahmr-885	191	22	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	191	23	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	191	24	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	191	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	192	1	though	though	SCONJ
ahmr-885	192	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	192	3	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	192	4	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	192	5	aware	aware	ADJ
ahmr-885	192	6	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	192	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	192	8	initial	initial	ADJ
ahmr-885	192	9	perpetrators	perpetrator	NOUN
ahmr-885	192	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	192	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	192	12	violence	violence	NOUN
ahmr-885	192	13	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	192	14	migrant	migrant	ADJ
ahmr-885	192	15	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	192	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	192	17	no	no	DET
ahmr-885	192	18	action	action	NOUN
ahmr-885	192	19	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	192	20	taken	take	VERB
ahmr-885	192	21	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	192	22	address	address	VERB
ahmr-885	192	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	192	24	issue	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	192	25	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	192	26	interview	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	192	27	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	192	28	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	192	29	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ahmr-885	192	30	ruler	ruler	NOUN
ahmr-885	192	31	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	192	32	yola	yola	PROPN
ahmr-885	192	33	south	south	PROPN
ahmr-885	192	34	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	192	35	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	192	36	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	192	37	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	192	38	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	193	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	193	2	views	view	NOUN
ahmr-885	193	3	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	193	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	193	5	influx	influx	NOUN
ahmr-885	193	6	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	193	7	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	193	8	supposedly	supposedly	ADV
ahmr-885	193	9	different	different	ADJ
ahmr-885	193	10	group	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	193	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	193	12	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	193	13	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	193	14	corroborated	corroborate	VERB
ahmr-885	193	15	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	193	16	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ahmr-885	193	17	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	193	18	benue	benue	NOUN
ahmr-885	193	19	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	193	20	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	194	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	194	2	providing	provide	VERB
ahmr-885	194	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	194	4	distinction	distinction	NOUN
ahmr-885	194	5	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	194	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	194	7	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	194	8	old	old	ADJ
ahmr-885	194	9	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	194	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	194	11	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	194	12	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	194	13	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	194	14	types	type	NOUN
ahmr-885	194	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	194	16	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	194	17	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	194	18	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	194	19	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ahmr-885	194	20	ruler	ruler	NOUN
ahmr-885	194	21	said	say	VERB
ahmr-885	194	22	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	194	23	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	194	24	those	those	DET
ahmr-885	194	25	days	day	NOUN
ahmr-885	194	26	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	194	27	fulani	fulani	ADJ
ahmr-885	194	28	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	194	29	sought	seek	VERB
ahmr-885	194	30	permission	permission	NOUN
ahmr-885	194	31	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	194	32	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	194	33	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ahmr-885	194	34	rulers	ruler	NOUN
ahmr-885	194	35	before	before	ADP
ahmr-885	194	36	settling	settle	VERB
ahmr-885	194	37	temporarily	temporarily	ADV
ahmr-885	194	38	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	194	39	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	194	40	community	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	194	41	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	195	1	that	that	DET
ahmr-885	195	2	way	way	NOUN
ahmr-885	195	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	195	4	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	195	5	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	195	6	easy	easy	ADJ
ahmr-885	195	7	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	195	8	hold	hold	VERB
ahmr-885	195	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	195	10	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	195	11	accountable	accountable	ADJ
ahmr-885	195	12	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	195	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	195	14	event	event	NOUN
ahmr-885	195	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	195	16	crop	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	195	17	destruction	destruction	NOUN
ahmr-885	195	18	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	195	19	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	195	20	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	196	1	recently	recently	ADV
ahmr-885	196	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	196	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	196	4	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	196	5	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	196	6	type	type	NOUN
ahmr-885	196	7	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	196	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	196	9	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	196	10	arrive	arrive	VERB
ahmr-885	196	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	196	12	our	our	PRON
ahmr-885	196	13	communities	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	196	14	without	without	ADP
ahmr-885	196	15	prior	prior	ADJ
ahmr-885	196	16	notice	notice	NOUN
ahmr-885	196	17	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	196	18	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	196	19	violating	violate	VERB
ahmr-885	196	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	196	21	mutual	mutual	ADJ
ahmr-885	196	22	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
ahmr-885	196	23	we	we	PRON
ahmr-885	196	24	had	have	VERB
ahmr-885	196	25	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	196	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	196	27	old	old	ADJ
ahmr-885	196	28	fulani	fulani	ADJ
ahmr-885	196	29	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	196	30	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	196	31	interview	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	196	32	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	196	33	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	196	34	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ahmr-885	196	35	ruler	ruler	NOUN
ahmr-885	196	36	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	196	37	benue	benue	PROPN
ahmr-885	196	38	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	196	39	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	196	40	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	197	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	197	2	benue	benue	PROPN
ahmr-885	197	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	197	4	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	197	5	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	197	6	plateau	plateau	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	7	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	8	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	197	9	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	197	10	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	197	11	reported	report	VERB
ahmr-885	197	12	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	197	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	197	14	emergence	emergence	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	197	16	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	197	17	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ahmr-885	197	18	itinerant	itinerant	ADJ
ahmr-885	197	19	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	20	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	197	21	led	lead	VERB
ahmr-885	197	22	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	197	23	more	more	ADV
ahmr-885	197	24	violent	violent	ADJ
ahmr-885	197	25	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	197	26	brutal	brutal	ADJ
ahmr-885	197	27	killings	killing	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	28	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	197	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	197	30	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	197	31	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	197	32	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	197	33	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	197	34	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	197	35	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	36	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	197	37	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	197	38	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	197	39	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	197	40	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	41	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	197	42	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	197	43	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	197	44	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	197	45	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	197	46	use	use	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	47	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	197	48	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
ahmr-885	197	49	weapons	weapon	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	50	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	197	51	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	197	52	ak-47	ak-47	ADJ
ahmr-885	197	53	guns	gun	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	54	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	197	55	midnight	midnight	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	56	attacks	attack	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	57	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	197	58	leave	leave	VERB
ahmr-885	197	59	no	no	DET
ahmr-885	197	60	trace	trace	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	61	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	197	62	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	197	63	attackers	attacker	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	64	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	197	65	daybreak	daybreak	NOUN
ahmr-885	197	66	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	198	1	besides	besides	SCONJ
ahmr-885	198	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	198	3	identification	identification	NOUN
ahmr-885	198	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	198	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	198	6	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	198	7	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	198	8	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ahmr-885	198	9	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	198	10	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	198	11	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	198	12	inability	inability	NOUN
ahmr-885	198	13	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	198	14	communicate	communicate	VERB
ahmr-885	198	15	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	198	16	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	198	17	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
ahmr-885	198	18	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	198	19	language	language	NOUN
ahmr-885	198	20	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	198	21	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	198	22	exists	exist	VERB
ahmr-885	198	23	little	little	ADJ
ahmr-885	198	24	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	198	25	no	no	PRON
ahmr-885	198	26	substantial	substantial	ADJ
ahmr-885	198	27	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ahmr-885	198	28	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	198	29	prove	prove	VERB
ahmr-885	198	30	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	198	31	actual	actual	ADJ
ahmr-885	198	32	identities	identity	NOUN
ahmr-885	198	33	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	198	34	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	198	35	invaders	invader	NOUN
ahmr-885	198	36	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	199	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ahmr-885	199	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	199	3	protracted	protract	VERB
ahmr-885	199	4	nature	nature	NOUN
ahmr-885	199	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	199	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	199	7	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	199	8	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	199	9	no	no	DET
ahmr-885	199	10	foreign	foreign	ADJ
ahmr-885	199	11	itinerant	itinerant	ADJ
ahmr-885	199	12	pastoralist	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	199	13	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	199	14	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	199	15	arrested	arrest	VERB
ahmr-885	199	16	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	199	17	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB
ahmr-885	199	18	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	200	1	however	however	ADV
ahmr-885	200	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	200	3	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	200	4	narratives	narrative	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	200	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	200	7	identities	identity	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	200	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	200	10	invaders	invader	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	11	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	200	12	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	200	13	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	200	14	propagated	propagate	VERB
ahmr-885	200	15	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	200	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	200	17	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	200	18	president	president	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	19	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	200	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	200	21	military	military	ADJ
ahmr-885	200	22	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	23	chiefs	chief	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	24	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	200	25	alleged	allege	VERB
ahmr-885	200	26	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	200	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	200	28	violence	violence	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	29	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	200	30	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	31	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	200	32	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	33	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	200	34	perpetrated	perpetrate	VERB
ahmr-885	200	35	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	200	36	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	200	37	mercenaries	mercenary	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	38	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	200	39	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	200	40	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	200	41	received	receive	VERB
ahmr-885	200	42	training	training	NOUN
ahmr-885	200	43	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	200	44	libya	libya	PROPN
ahmr-885	200	45	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	201	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	201	2	spite	spite	NOUN
ahmr-885	201	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	201	4	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	201	5	allegations	allegation	NOUN
ahmr-885	201	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	201	7	subtle	subtle	ADJ
ahmr-885	201	8	admission	admission	NOUN
ahmr-885	201	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	201	10	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	201	11	possible	possible	ADJ
ahmr-885	201	12	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	201	13	breach	breach	NOUN
ahmr-885	201	14	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	201	15	little	little	ADJ
ahmr-885	201	16	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	201	17	nothing	nothing	PRON
ahmr-885	201	18	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	201	19	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	201	20	done	do	VERB
ahmr-885	201	21	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	201	22	control	control	VERB
ahmr-885	201	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	201	24	entrance	entrance	NOUN
ahmr-885	201	25	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	201	26	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	201	27	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	201	28	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	201	29	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	202	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	202	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ahmr-885	202	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	202	4	no	no	DET
ahmr-885	202	5	effort	effort	NOUN
ahmr-885	202	6	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	202	7	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	202	8	made	make	VERB
ahmr-885	202	9	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	202	10	enforce	enforce	VERB
ahmr-885	202	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	202	12	pre	pre	NOUN
ahmr-885	202	13	-	-	NOUN
ahmr-885	202	14	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	202	15	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	202	16	admission	admission	NOUN
ahmr-885	202	17	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	202	18	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	202	19	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	202	20	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	202	21	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	202	22	stipulated	stipulate	VERB
ahmr-885	202	23	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	202	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	202	25	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	202	26	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	202	27	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	203	1	failure	failure	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	2	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	203	3	enforce	enforce	VERB
ahmr-885	203	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	203	5	terms	term	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	203	7	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	8	outlined	outline	VERB
ahmr-885	203	9	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	203	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	203	11	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	12	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	13	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	203	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	203	15	issuance	issuance	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	203	17	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	203	18	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	19	certificates	certificate	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	20	endorsed	endorse	VERB
ahmr-885	203	21	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	203	22	competent	competent	ADJ
ahmr-885	203	23	authorities	authority	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	24	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	203	25	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	26	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	203	27	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	203	29	origin	origin	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	30	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	203	31	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	203	32	resulted	result	VERB
ahmr-885	203	33	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	203	34	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	203	35	uncontrolled	uncontrolled	ADJ
ahmr-885	203	36	influx	influx	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	37	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	203	38	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	39	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	203	40	different	different	ADJ
ahmr-885	203	41	parts	part	NOUN
ahmr-885	203	42	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	203	43	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	203	44	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	203	45	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	203	46	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	204	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	204	2	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ahmr-885	204	3	ruler	ruler	NOUN
ahmr-885	204	4	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	204	5	yola	yola	PROPN
ahmr-885	204	6	south	south	PROPN
ahmr-885	204	7	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	204	8	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	204	9	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	204	10	opined	opine	VERB
ahmr-885	204	11	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	204	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	204	13	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	204	14	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	204	15	must	must	AUX
ahmr-885	204	16	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	204	17	held	hold	VERB
ahmr-885	204	18	accountable	accountable	ADJ
ahmr-885	204	19	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	204	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	204	21	unregulated	unregulated	ADJ
ahmr-885	204	22	movements	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	204	23	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	204	24	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	204	25	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	204	26	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	204	27	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	204	28	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	204	29	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	204	30	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	204	31	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	204	32	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	205	1	he	he	PRON
ahmr-885	205	2	stated	state	VERB
ahmr-885	205	3	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	205	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	205	5	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	205	6	needs	need	VERB
ahmr-885	205	7	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	205	8	address	address	VERB
ahmr-885	205	9	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	205	10	questions	question	NOUN
ahmr-885	205	11	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	205	12	how	how	SCONJ
ahmr-885	205	13	did	do	AUX
ahmr-885	205	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	205	15	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	205	16	come	come	VERB
ahmr-885	205	17	here	here	ADV
ahmr-885	205	18	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	206	1	where	where	SCONJ
ahmr-885	206	2	did	do	AUX
ahmr-885	206	3	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	206	4	come	come	VERB
ahmr-885	206	5	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	206	6	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	207	1	what	what	PRON
ahmr-885	207	2	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	207	3	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	207	4	reason	reason	NOUN
ahmr-885	207	5	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	207	6	moving	move	VERB
ahmr-885	207	7	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	208	1	how	how	SCONJ
ahmr-885	208	2	do	do	AUX
ahmr-885	208	3	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	208	4	manage	manage	VERB
ahmr-885	208	5	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	208	6	traverse	traverse	VERB
ahmr-885	208	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	208	8	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	208	9	without	without	ADP
ahmr-885	208	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	208	11	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ahmr-885	208	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	208	13	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	208	14	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ahmr-885	208	15	agencies	agency	NOUN
ahmr-885	208	16	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	209	1	why	why	SCONJ
ahmr-885	209	2	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	209	3	permits	permit	NOUN
ahmr-885	209	4	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	209	5	issued	issue	VERB
ahmr-885	209	6	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	209	7	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	209	8	agencies	agency	NOUN
ahmr-885	209	9	at	at	ADP
ahmr-885	209	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	209	11	border	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	209	12	crossing	crossing	NOUN
ahmr-885	209	13	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	210	1	…	…	PUNCT
ahmr-885	210	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	210	3	nomads	nomad	NOUN
ahmr-885	210	4	come	come	VERB
ahmr-885	210	5	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	210	6	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	210	7	if	if	SCONJ
ahmr-885	210	8	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	210	9	are	be	VERB
ahmr-885	210	10	no	no	DET
ahmr-885	210	11	rules	rule	NOUN
ahmr-885	210	12	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	210	13	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	210	14	governing	govern	VERB
ahmr-885	210	15	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	210	16	movements	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	210	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	211	1	why	why	SCONJ
ahmr-885	211	2	wo	will	AUX
ahmr-885	211	3	n’t	not	PART
ahmr-885	211	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	211	5	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	211	6	enforce	enforce	VERB
ahmr-885	211	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	211	8	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	211	9	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	211	10	relate	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	211	11	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	211	12	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	211	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	211	14	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	211	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	211	16	if	if	SCONJ
ahmr-885	211	17	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	211	18	is	be	VERB
ahmr-885	211	19	none	none	NOUN
ahmr-885	211	20	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	211	21	why	why	SCONJ
ahmr-885	211	22	ca	can	AUX
ahmr-885	211	23	n’t	n’t	VERB
ahmr-885	211	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	211	25	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	211	26	enact	enact	VERB
ahmr-885	211	27	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	211	28	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	211	29	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	212	1	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	212	2	interview	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	212	3	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	212	4	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	212	5	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ahmr-885	212	6	ruler	ruler	NOUN
ahmr-885	212	7	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	212	8	yola	yola	PROPN
ahmr-885	212	9	south	south	PROPN
ahmr-885	212	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	212	11	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	212	12	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	212	13	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	212	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	213	1	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	213	2	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	213	3	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	213	4	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	213	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	213	6	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	213	7	border	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	213	8	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	213	9	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ahmr-885	213	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	214	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	214	2	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ahmr-885	214	3	ruler	ruler	NOUN
ahmr-885	214	4	compared	compare	VERB
ahmr-885	214	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	214	6	experiences	experience	NOUN
ahmr-885	214	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	214	8	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	214	9	attempting	attempt	VERB
ahmr-885	214	10	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	214	11	cross	cross	VERB
ahmr-885	214	12	over	over	ADP
ahmr-885	214	13	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	214	14	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ahmr-885	214	15	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	214	16	what	what	PRON
ahmr-885	214	17	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	214	18	obtainable	obtainable	ADJ
ahmr-885	214	19	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	214	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	214	21	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	214	22	i	i	PRON
ahmr-885	214	23	have	have	VERB
ahmr-885	214	24	five	five	NUM
ahmr-885	214	25	different	different	ADJ
ahmr-885	214	26	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN
ahmr-885	214	27	nurturing	nurture	VERB
ahmr-885	214	28	five	five	NUM
ahmr-885	214	29	different	different	ADJ
ahmr-885	214	30	herds	herd	NOUN
ahmr-885	214	31	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	214	32	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	214	33	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	215	1	if	if	SCONJ
ahmr-885	215	2	any	any	PRON
ahmr-885	215	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	215	4	my	my	PRON
ahmr-885	215	5	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN
ahmr-885	215	6	intend	intend	VERB
ahmr-885	215	7	crossing	cross	VERB
ahmr-885	215	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	215	9	border	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	215	10	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	215	11	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ahmr-885	215	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	215	13	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	215	14	is	be	VERB
ahmr-885	215	15	always	always	ADV
ahmr-885	215	16	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	215	17	border	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	215	18	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	215	19	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ahmr-885	215	20	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	215	21	will	will	AUX
ahmr-885	215	22	first	first	ADV
ahmr-885	215	23	ask	ask	VERB
ahmr-885	215	24	questions	question	NOUN
ahmr-885	215	25	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	215	26	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	215	27	where	where	SCONJ
ahmr-885	215	28	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	215	29	you	you	PRON
ahmr-885	215	30	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	215	31	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	216	1	where	where	SCONJ
ahmr-885	216	2	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	216	3	you	you	PRON
ahmr-885	216	4	going	go	VERB
ahmr-885	216	5	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	216	6	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	217	1	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	217	2	your	your	PRON
ahmr-885	217	3	cows	cow	NOUN
ahmr-885	217	4	healthy	healthy	ADJ
ahmr-885	217	5	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	218	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	218	2	adzande	adzande	PROPN
ahmr-885	218	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	218	4	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	218	5	1665	1665	NUM
ahmr-885	218	6	fact	fact	NOUN
ahmr-885	218	7	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	218	8	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	218	9	are	be	VERB
ahmr-885	218	10	veterinarians	veterinarian	NOUN
ahmr-885	218	11	stationed	station	VERB
ahmr-885	218	12	at	at	ADP
ahmr-885	218	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	218	14	border	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	218	15	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	218	16	check	check	VERB
ahmr-885	218	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	218	18	health	health	NOUN
ahmr-885	218	19	condition	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	218	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	218	21	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	218	22	cows	cow	NOUN
ahmr-885	218	23	before	before	SCONJ
ahmr-885	218	24	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	218	25	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	218	26	granted	grant	VERB
ahmr-885	218	27	entry	entry	NOUN
ahmr-885	218	28	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	218	29	cameroon	cameroon	NOUN
ahmr-885	218	30	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	219	1	you	you	PRON
ahmr-885	219	2	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	219	3	have	have	VERB
ahmr-885	219	4	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	219	5	tell	tell	VERB
ahmr-885	219	6	them	they	PRON
ahmr-885	219	7	your	your	PRON
ahmr-885	219	8	name	name	NOUN
ahmr-885	219	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	219	10	present	present	VERB
ahmr-885	219	11	your	your	PRON
ahmr-885	219	12	passport	passport	NOUN
ahmr-885	219	13	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	219	14	them	they	PRON
ahmr-885	219	15	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	219	16	any	any	DET
ahmr-885	219	17	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	219	18	identity	identity	NOUN
ahmr-885	219	19	card	card	NOUN
ahmr-885	219	20	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	219	21	bears	bear	VERB
ahmr-885	219	22	your	your	PRON
ahmr-885	219	23	name	name	NOUN
ahmr-885	219	24	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	220	1	after	after	ADP
ahmr-885	220	2	all	all	DET
ahmr-885	220	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	220	4	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	220	5	checks	check	NOUN
ahmr-885	220	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	220	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	220	8	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	220	9	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ahmr-885	220	10	leads	lead	VERB
ahmr-885	220	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	220	12	pastoralist	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	220	13	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	220	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	220	15	village	village	NOUN
ahmr-885	220	16	head	head	NOUN
ahmr-885	220	17	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	220	18	proper	proper	ADJ
ahmr-885	220	19	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	220	20	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	221	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	221	2	village	village	NOUN
ahmr-885	221	3	head	head	NOUN
ahmr-885	221	4	then	then	ADV
ahmr-885	221	5	allocates	allocate	VERB
ahmr-885	221	6	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	221	7	space	space	NOUN
ahmr-885	221	8	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	221	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	221	10	pastoralist	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	221	11	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	221	12	his	his	PRON
ahmr-885	221	13	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	221	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	222	1	that	that	DET
ahmr-885	222	2	way	way	NOUN
ahmr-885	222	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	222	4	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	222	5	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	222	6	able	able	ADJ
ahmr-885	222	7	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	222	8	monitor	monitor	VERB
ahmr-885	222	9	incoming	incoming	ADJ
ahmr-885	222	10	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	222	11	effectively	effectively	ADV
ahmr-885	222	12	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	223	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	223	2	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	223	3	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	223	4	needs	need	VERB
ahmr-885	223	5	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	223	6	enforce	enforce	VERB
ahmr-885	223	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	223	8	issuance	issuance	NOUN
ahmr-885	223	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	223	10	resident	resident	NOUN
ahmr-885	223	11	permits	permit	NOUN
ahmr-885	223	12	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	223	13	all	all	DET
ahmr-885	223	14	itinerant	itinerant	ADJ
ahmr-885	223	15	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	223	16	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	223	17	come	come	VERB
ahmr-885	223	18	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	223	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	223	20	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	223	21	through	through	ADP
ahmr-885	223	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	223	23	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	223	24	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	223	25	even	even	ADV
ahmr-885	223	26	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	223	27	those	those	PRON
ahmr-885	223	28	traversing	traverse	VERB
ahmr-885	223	29	internal	internal	ADJ
ahmr-885	223	30	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	223	31	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	224	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	224	2	permits	permit	NOUN
ahmr-885	224	3	can	can	AUX
ahmr-885	224	4	serve	serve	VERB
ahmr-885	224	5	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	224	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ahmr-885	224	7	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	224	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	224	9	holder	holder	NOUN
ahmr-885	224	10	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	224	11	moving	move	VERB
ahmr-885	224	12	under	under	ADP
ahmr-885	224	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	224	14	authority	authority	NOUN
ahmr-885	224	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	224	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	224	17	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	224	18	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	225	1	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	225	2	can	can	AUX
ahmr-885	225	3	achieve	achieve	VERB
ahmr-885	225	4	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	225	5	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	225	6	manning	man	VERB
ahmr-885	225	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	225	8	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	225	9	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	225	10	credible	credible	ADJ
ahmr-885	225	11	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	225	12	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ahmr-885	225	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	226	1	if	if	SCONJ
ahmr-885	226	2	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	226	3	measures	measure	NOUN
ahmr-885	226	4	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	226	5	implemented	implement	VERB
ahmr-885	226	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	226	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	226	8	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	226	9	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	226	10	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	226	11	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	226	12	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	226	13	will	will	AUX
ahmr-885	226	14	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	226	15	reduced	reduce	VERB
ahmr-885	226	16	if	if	SCONJ
ahmr-885	226	17	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	226	18	eradicated	eradicate	VERB
ahmr-885	226	19	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	226	20	interview	interview	NOUN
ahmr-885	226	21	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	226	22	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	226	23	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ahmr-885	226	24	ruler	ruler	NOUN
ahmr-885	226	25	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	226	26	yola	yola	PROPN
ahmr-885	226	27	south	south	PROPN
ahmr-885	226	28	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	226	29	adamawa	adamawa	PROPN
ahmr-885	226	30	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	226	31	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	226	32	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	227	1	two	two	NUM
ahmr-885	227	2	key	key	ADJ
ahmr-885	227	3	issues	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	227	4	can	can	AUX
ahmr-885	227	5	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	227	6	identified	identify	VERB
ahmr-885	227	7	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	227	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	227	9	preceding	precede	VERB
ahmr-885	227	10	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ahmr-885	227	11	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	228	1	first	first	ADV
ahmr-885	228	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	228	3	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	228	4	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	228	5	evident	evident	ADJ
ahmr-885	228	6	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	228	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	228	8	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	228	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	228	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	228	11	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	228	12	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	228	13	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	228	14	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	228	15	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	228	16	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	228	17	implemented	implement	VERB
ahmr-885	228	18	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	228	19	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	228	20	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	229	1	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	229	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	229	3	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	229	4	have	have	VERB
ahmr-885	229	5	unfettered	unfettered	ADJ
ahmr-885	229	6	access	access	NOUN
ahmr-885	229	7	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	229	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	229	9	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	229	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	230	1	secondly	secondly	ADV
ahmr-885	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	230	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	230	4	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	230	5	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	230	6	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	230	7	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
ahmr-885	230	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	230	9	primacy	primacy	NOUN
ahmr-885	230	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	230	11	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	230	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	230	13	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	230	14	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	230	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	230	16	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	230	17	means	mean	VERB
ahmr-885	230	18	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	230	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	230	20	validity	validity	NOUN
ahmr-885	230	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	230	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	230	23	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	230	24	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	230	25	does	do	AUX
ahmr-885	230	26	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	230	27	transcend	transcend	VERB
ahmr-885	230	28	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	230	29	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	231	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	231	2	further	far	ADV
ahmr-885	231	3	implies	imply	VERB
ahmr-885	231	4	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	231	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	231	6	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	231	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	231	9	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	231	10	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	11	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	12	can	can	AUX
ahmr-885	231	13	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	231	14	adhered	adhere	VERB
ahmr-885	231	15	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	231	16	at	at	ADP
ahmr-885	231	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	231	18	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	231	19	boundary	boundary	ADJ
ahmr-885	231	20	crossing	crossing	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	21	points	point	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	22	but	but	CCONJ
ahmr-885	231	23	whatever	whatever	PRON
ahmr-885	231	24	happens	happen	VERB
ahmr-885	231	25	after	after	SCONJ
ahmr-885	231	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	231	27	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	28	get	get	VERB
ahmr-885	231	29	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	231	30	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	231	31	transit	transit	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	32	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	231	33	host	host	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	34	territory	territory	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	35	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	231	36	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	231	37	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	231	38	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	231	39	determined	determine	VERB
ahmr-885	231	40	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	231	41	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	231	42	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	43	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	231	44	that	that	DET
ahmr-885	231	45	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	231	46	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	232	1	so	so	ADV
ahmr-885	232	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	232	3	what	what	PRON
ahmr-885	232	4	do	do	AUX
ahmr-885	232	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	232	6	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	232	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	232	8	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	232	9	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	232	10	say	say	VERB
ahmr-885	232	11	about	about	ADP
ahmr-885	232	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	232	13	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	232	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	232	15	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	232	16	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	232	17	internal	internal	ADJ
ahmr-885	232	18	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	232	19	?	?	PUNCT
ahmr-885	233	1	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	2	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	233	3	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	233	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	233	5	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	233	6	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	7	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	233	8	nigeria	nigeria	PRON
ahmr-885	233	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	233	10	major	major	ADJ
ahmr-885	233	11	legal	legal	ADJ
ahmr-885	233	12	documents	document	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	13	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	233	14	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	233	15	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	233	16	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	233	17	referenced	reference	VERB
ahmr-885	233	18	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	233	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	233	20	discourse	discourse	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	21	relating	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	233	22	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	233	23	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	24	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	233	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	233	26	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	27	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	233	28	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	233	29	federal	federal	PROPN
ahmr-885	233	30	republic	republic	PROPN
ahmr-885	233	31	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	233	32	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	233	33	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	233	34	1999	1999	NUM
ahmr-885	233	35	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	233	36	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	233	37	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	233	38	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	39	prohibiting	prohibit	VERB
ahmr-885	233	40	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	233	41	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	42	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	233	43	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	44	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	233	45	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	233	46	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	233	47	applicable	applicable	ADJ
ahmr-885	233	48	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	233	49	ekiti	ekiti	ADJ
ahmr-885	233	50	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	233	51	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	233	52	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	233	53	taraba	taraba	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	54	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	55	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	233	56	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	233	57	criminalizing	criminalize	VERB
ahmr-885	233	58	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	59	rustling	rustle	VERB
ahmr-885	233	60	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	233	61	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	233	62	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	233	63	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	233	64	case	case	NOUN
ahmr-885	233	65	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	233	66	katsina	katsina	PROPN
ahmr-885	233	67	state	state	PROPN
ahmr-885	233	68	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	233	69	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	234	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	234	2	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	234	3	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	234	4	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	234	5	1999	1999	NUM
ahmr-885	234	6	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	234	7	chapter	chapter	NOUN
ahmr-885	234	8	4	4	NUM
ahmr-885	234	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	234	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	234	11	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	234	12	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	234	13	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	234	14	1999	1999	NUM
ahmr-885	234	15	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	234	16	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	234	17	amended	amend	VERB
ahmr-885	234	18	describes	describe	VERB
ahmr-885	234	19	components	component	NOUN
ahmr-885	234	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	234	21	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ahmr-885	234	22	rights	right	NOUN
ahmr-885	234	23	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	234	24	include	include	VERB
ahmr-885	234	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	234	26	right	right	NOUN
ahmr-885	234	27	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	234	28	freedom	freedom	NOUN
ahmr-885	234	29	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	234	30	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	234	31	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	234	32	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	234	33	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	234	34	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	234	35	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	234	36	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	234	37	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	234	38	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	234	39	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	234	40	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	234	41	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	234	42	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	234	43	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	234	44	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	234	45	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	234	46	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	234	47	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	235	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ahmr-885	235	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	235	3	section	section	NOUN
ahmr-885	235	4	41	41	NUM
ahmr-885	235	5	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	235	6	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	235	7	every	every	DET
ahmr-885	235	8	citizen	citizen	NOUN
ahmr-885	235	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	235	10	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	235	11	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	235	12	entitled	entitle	VERB
ahmr-885	235	13	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	235	14	move	move	VERB
ahmr-885	235	15	freely	freely	ADV
ahmr-885	235	16	throughout	throughout	ADP
ahmr-885	235	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	235	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	235	19	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	235	20	reside	reside	VERB
ahmr-885	235	21	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	235	22	any	any	DET
ahmr-885	235	23	part	part	NOUN
ahmr-885	235	24	thereof	thereof	ADV
ahmr-885	235	25	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	235	26	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	235	27	no	no	DET
ahmr-885	235	28	citizen	citizen	NOUN
ahmr-885	235	29	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	235	30	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	235	31	shall	shall	AUX
ahmr-885	235	32	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	235	33	expelled	expel	VERB
ahmr-885	235	34	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	235	35	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	235	36	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	235	37	refused	refuse	VERB
ahmr-885	235	38	entry	entry	NOUN
ahmr-885	235	39	thereby	thereby	ADV
ahmr-885	235	40	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	235	41	exit	exit	NOUN
ahmr-885	235	42	therefrom	therefrom	NOUN
ahmr-885	235	43	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	236	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	236	2	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	236	3	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	236	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	236	5	1999	1999	NUM
ahmr-885	236	6	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	236	7	amended	amend	VERB
ahmr-885	236	8	does	do	AUX
ahmr-885	236	9	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	236	10	specifically	specifically	ADV
ahmr-885	236	11	address	address	VERB
ahmr-885	236	12	pastoral	pastoral	ADJ
ahmr-885	236	13	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ahmr-885	236	14	but	but	CCONJ
ahmr-885	236	15	permits	permit	VERB
ahmr-885	236	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	236	17	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	236	18	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	236	19	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	236	20	settlement	settlement	NOUN
ahmr-885	236	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	236	22	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	236	23	wherever	wherever	SCONJ
ahmr-885	236	24	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	236	25	choose	choose	VERB
ahmr-885	236	26	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	236	27	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	237	1	even	even	ADV
ahmr-885	237	2	though	though	SCONJ
ahmr-885	237	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	237	4	freedom	freedom	NOUN
ahmr-885	237	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	237	6	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	237	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	237	8	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	237	9	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	237	10	accorded	accord	VERB
ahmr-885	237	11	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	237	12	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	237	13	beings	being	NOUN
ahmr-885	237	14	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	237	15	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	237	16	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	237	17	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	237	18	integral	integral	ADJ
ahmr-885	237	19	part	part	NOUN
ahmr-885	237	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	237	21	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	237	22	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	237	23	’s	’s	PART
ahmr-885	237	24	livelihoods	livelihood	NOUN
ahmr-885	237	25	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	237	26	therefore	therefore	ADV
ahmr-885	237	27	share	share	VERB
ahmr-885	237	28	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	237	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	237	30	privileges	privilege	NOUN
ahmr-885	237	31	accorded	accord	VERB
ahmr-885	237	32	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	237	33	owners	owner	NOUN
ahmr-885	237	34	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	238	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	238	2	freedom	freedom	NOUN
ahmr-885	238	3	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	238	4	reside	reside	VERB
ahmr-885	238	5	wherever	wherever	SCONJ
ahmr-885	238	6	one	one	NUM
ahmr-885	238	7	desires	desire	NOUN
ahmr-885	238	8	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	238	9	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	238	10	classified	classify	VERB
ahmr-885	238	11	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	238	12	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	238	13	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ahmr-885	238	14	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	238	15	right	right	NOUN
ahmr-885	238	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	238	17	all	all	DET
ahmr-885	238	18	citizens	citizen	NOUN
ahmr-885	238	19	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	238	20	rightly	rightly	ADV
ahmr-885	238	21	so	so	ADV
ahmr-885	238	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	239	1	however	however	ADV
ahmr-885	239	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	239	3	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	239	4	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	5	do	do	AUX
ahmr-885	239	6	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	239	7	define	define	VERB
ahmr-885	239	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	239	9	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	239	11	one	one	NUM
ahmr-885	239	12	’s	’s	PART
ahmr-885	239	13	freedom	freedom	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	239	15	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	239	17	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	239	19	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	239	20	silent	silent	ADJ
ahmr-885	239	21	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	239	22	issues	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	23	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	239	24	may	may	AUX
ahmr-885	239	25	arise	arise	VERB
ahmr-885	239	26	when	when	SCONJ
ahmr-885	239	27	one	one	NUM
ahmr-885	239	28	’s	’s	PART
ahmr-885	239	29	freedom	freedom	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	30	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	239	31	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	32	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	239	33	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	34	impinges	impinge	VERB
ahmr-885	239	35	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	239	36	another	another	PRON
ahmr-885	239	37	’s	’s	ADJ
ahmr-885	239	38	right	right	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	39	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	239	40	life	life	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	41	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	239	42	sustenance	sustenance	NOUN
ahmr-885	239	43	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	240	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	240	2	lapses	lapse	NOUN
ahmr-885	240	3	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	240	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	240	5	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	240	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	240	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	240	8	absence	absence	NOUN
ahmr-885	240	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	240	10	specific	specific	ADJ
ahmr-885	240	11	federal	federal	ADJ
ahmr-885	240	12	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	240	13	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	240	14	address	address	VERB
ahmr-885	240	15	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	240	16	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	240	17	created	create	VERB
ahmr-885	240	18	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	240	19	vacuum	vacuum	NOUN
ahmr-885	240	20	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	240	21	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	240	22	currently	currently	ADV
ahmr-885	240	23	being	be	AUX
ahmr-885	240	24	filled	fill	VERB
ahmr-885	240	25	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	240	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	240	27	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	240	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	240	29	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	240	30	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	240	31	some	some	DET
ahmr-885	240	32	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	240	33	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	240	34	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	240	35	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	241	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	241	2	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	241	3	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	241	4	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	5	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	6	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	241	8	recent	recent	ADJ
ahmr-885	241	9	trend	trend	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	10	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	241	11	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	241	12	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	241	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	241	14	enactment	enactment	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	241	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	241	17	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	241	18	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	241	19	grazing	graze	VERB
ahmr-885	241	20	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	21	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	241	22	ranches	ranch	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	23	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	24	act	act	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	25	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	241	26	some	some	PRON
ahmr-885	241	27	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	241	28	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	241	29	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	30	plagued	plague	VERB
ahmr-885	241	31	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	241	32	violent	violent	ADJ
ahmr-885	241	33	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	34	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	241	35	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	36	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	241	37	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	241	38	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	242	1	according	accord	VERB
ahmr-885	242	2	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	242	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	242	4	governors	governor	NOUN
ahmr-885	242	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	242	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	242	7	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	242	8	where	where	SCONJ
ahmr-885	242	9	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	242	10	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	242	11	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	242	12	introduced	introduce	VERB
ahmr-885	242	13	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	242	14	criminalize	criminalize	VERB
ahmr-885	242	15	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	242	16	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	242	17	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	242	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	242	19	animals	animal	NOUN
ahmr-885	242	20	including	include	VERB
ahmr-885	242	21	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	242	22	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	242	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	242	24	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	242	25	became	become	VERB
ahmr-885	242	26	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ahmr-885	242	27	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	242	28	minimize	minimize	VERB
ahmr-885	242	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	242	30	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	242	31	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	242	32	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	242	33	two	two	NUM
ahmr-885	242	34	groups	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	242	35	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	243	1	this	this	PRON
ahmr-885	243	2	became	become	VERB
ahmr-885	243	3	imperative	imperative	ADJ
ahmr-885	243	4	especially	especially	ADV
ahmr-885	243	5	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	243	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	243	7	face	face	NOUN
ahmr-885	243	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	243	9	perceived	perceive	VERB
ahmr-885	243	10	inaction	inaction	NOUN
ahmr-885	243	11	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	243	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	243	13	federal	federal	ADJ
ahmr-885	243	14	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	243	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	243	16	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	243	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	244	1	however	however	ADV
ahmr-885	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	244	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	244	4	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	244	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	244	7	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	8	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	244	9	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	244	10	faced	face	VERB
ahmr-885	244	11	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	244	12	stiff	stiff	ADJ
ahmr-885	244	13	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	14	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	244	15	various	various	ADJ
ahmr-885	244	16	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	17	including	include	VERB
ahmr-885	244	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	244	19	president	president	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	244	21	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	244	22	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	244	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	244	24	chief	chief	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	25	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	244	26	defence	defence	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	27	staff	staff	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	28	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	244	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	244	30	former	former	ADJ
ahmr-885	244	31	inspector	inspector	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	32	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	244	33	general	general	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	34	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	244	35	police	police	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	36	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	244	37	members	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	38	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	244	39	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	244	40	socio	socio	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	41	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	244	42	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ahmr-885	244	43	group	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	44	representing	represent	VERB
ahmr-885	244	45	all	all	DET
ahmr-885	244	46	fulani	fulani	ADJ
ahmr-885	244	47	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	48	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	244	49	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	244	50	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	51	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	244	52	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	244	53	miyetti	miyetti	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	54	allah	allah	PROPN
ahmr-885	244	55	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	56	breeders	breeder	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	57	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	244	58	association	association	NOUN
ahmr-885	244	59	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	244	60	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	244	61	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	244	62	macban	macban	PROPN
ahmr-885	244	63	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	244	64	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	245	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	245	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	245	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	245	4	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	245	5	determine	determine	VERB
ahmr-885	245	6	what	what	PRON
ahmr-885	245	7	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	245	8	permissible	permissible	ADJ
ahmr-885	245	9	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	245	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	245	11	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	245	12	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	245	13	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	245	14	territory	territory	NOUN
ahmr-885	245	15	/	/	SYM
ahmr-885	245	16	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	245	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	246	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ahmr-885	246	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	246	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	246	4	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	246	5	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	246	6	have	have	VERB
ahmr-885	246	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	246	8	legal	legal	ADJ
ahmr-885	246	9	mandate	mandate	NOUN
ahmr-885	246	10	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	246	11	enact	enact	VERB
ahmr-885	246	12	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	246	13	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	246	14	prohibit	prohibit	VERB
ahmr-885	246	15	certain	certain	ADJ
ahmr-885	246	16	practices	practice	NOUN
ahmr-885	246	17	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	246	18	spell	spell	VERB
ahmr-885	246	19	out	out	ADP
ahmr-885	246	20	punitive	punitive	ADJ
ahmr-885	246	21	measures	measure	NOUN
ahmr-885	246	22	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	246	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	246	24	offenders	offender	NOUN
ahmr-885	246	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	247	1	these	these	DET
ahmr-885	247	2	powers	power	NOUN
ahmr-885	247	3	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	247	4	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	247	5	vested	vest	VERB
ahmr-885	247	6	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	247	7	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	247	8	governors	governor	NOUN
ahmr-885	247	9	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	247	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	247	11	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	247	12	use	use	NOUN
ahmr-885	247	13	act	act	NOUN
ahmr-885	247	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	247	15	1978	1978	NUM
ahmr-885	247	16	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	247	17	federal	federal	PROPN
ahmr-885	247	18	republic	republic	NOUN
ahmr-885	247	19	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	247	20	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	247	21	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	247	22	1978	1978	NUM
ahmr-885	247	23	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	247	24	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	248	1	according	accord	VERB
ahmr-885	248	2	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	248	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	248	4	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	5	use	use	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	6	act	act	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	248	8	1978	1978	NUM
ahmr-885	248	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	248	10	all	all	DET
ahmr-885	248	11	lands	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	12	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	248	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	248	14	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	248	16	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	248	17	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	18	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	248	19	under	under	ADP
ahmr-885	248	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	248	21	control	control	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	248	23	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	248	24	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	25	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	248	26	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	248	27	administered	administer	VERB
ahmr-885	248	28	under	under	ADP
ahmr-885	248	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	248	30	authority	authority	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	31	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	248	32	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	248	33	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	34	governor	governor	NOUN
ahmr-885	248	35	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	249	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
ahmr-885	249	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	249	3	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	249	4	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	249	5	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	249	6	at	at	ADP
ahmr-885	249	7	liberty	liberty	NOUN
ahmr-885	249	8	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	249	9	make	make	VERB
ahmr-885	249	10	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	249	11	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	249	12	how	how	SCONJ
ahmr-885	249	13	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	249	14	will	will	AUX
ahmr-885	249	15	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	249	16	adzande	adzande	VERB
ahmr-885	249	17	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	249	18	p.	p.	PROPN
ahmr-885	249	19	1667	1667	NUM
ahmr-885	249	20	used	use	VERB
ahmr-885	249	21	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	249	22	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	249	23	areas	area	NOUN
ahmr-885	249	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	249	25	jurisdiction	jurisdiction	NOUN
ahmr-885	249	26	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	250	1	even	even	ADV
ahmr-885	250	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	250	3	federal	federal	ADJ
ahmr-885	250	4	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	250	5	has	have	VERB
ahmr-885	250	6	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	250	7	acquire	acquire	VERB
ahmr-885	250	8	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	250	9	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	250	10	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	250	11	governments	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	250	12	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	250	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	250	14	execution	execution	NOUN
ahmr-885	250	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	250	16	projects	project	NOUN
ahmr-885	250	17	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	250	18	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	250	19	under	under	ADP
ahmr-885	250	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	250	21	terms	term	NOUN
ahmr-885	250	22	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	250	23	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	250	24	stipulated	stipulate	VERB
ahmr-885	250	25	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	250	26	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	250	27	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	250	28	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	251	1	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	251	2	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	251	3	safe	safe	ADJ
ahmr-885	251	4	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	251	5	say	say	VERB
ahmr-885	251	6	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	251	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	251	8	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	251	9	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	251	10	governing	govern	VERB
ahmr-885	251	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	251	12	administration	administration	NOUN
ahmr-885	251	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	251	14	access	access	NOUN
ahmr-885	251	15	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	251	16	use	use	NOUN
ahmr-885	251	17	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	251	18	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	251	19	supersede	supersede	VERB
ahmr-885	251	20	any	any	DET
ahmr-885	251	21	federal	federal	ADJ
ahmr-885	251	22	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	251	23	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	251	24	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	251	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	252	1	acting	act	VERB
ahmr-885	252	2	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	252	3	its	its	PRON
ahmr-885	252	4	legal	legal	ADJ
ahmr-885	252	5	authority	authority	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	252	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	252	8	benue	benue	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	9	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	10	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	11	promulgated	promulgate	VERB
ahmr-885	252	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	252	13	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	252	14	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	15	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	16	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	252	17	ranches	ranch	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	18	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	19	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	20	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	252	21	may	may	PROPN
ahmr-885	252	22	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	252	23	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	252	24	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	252	25	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	26	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	252	27	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	252	28	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	252	29	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	252	30	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	253	1	however	however	ADV
ahmr-885	253	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	253	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	253	4	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	253	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	253	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	253	7	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	253	8	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	253	9	delayed	delay	VERB
ahmr-885	253	10	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	253	11	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	253	12	six	six	NUM
ahmr-885	253	13	months	month	NOUN
ahmr-885	253	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	254	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	254	2	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	254	3	sets	set	VERB
ahmr-885	254	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	254	5	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	254	6	under	under	ADP
ahmr-885	254	7	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	254	8	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	254	9	rearing	rear	VERB
ahmr-885	254	10	can	can	AUX
ahmr-885	254	11	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	254	12	done	do	VERB
ahmr-885	254	13	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	254	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	254	15	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	254	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	255	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	255	2	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	255	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	255	4	which	which	PRON
ahmr-885	255	5	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	255	6	popularly	popularly	ADV
ahmr-885	255	7	called	call	VERB
ahmr-885	255	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	255	9	anti	anti	ADJ
ahmr-885	255	10	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	255	11	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	255	12	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	255	13	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	255	14	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	255	15	came	come	VERB
ahmr-885	255	16	into	into	ADP
ahmr-885	255	17	effect	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	255	18	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	255	19	november	november	PROPN
ahmr-885	255	20	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	255	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	256	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	256	2	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	256	3	aims	aim	VERB
ahmr-885	256	4	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	256	5	abolish	abolish	VERB
ahmr-885	256	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	256	7	current	current	ADJ
ahmr-885	256	8	practice	practice	NOUN
ahmr-885	256	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	256	10	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	256	11	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	256	12	prohibiting	prohibit	VERB
ahmr-885	256	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	256	14	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	256	15	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	256	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	256	17	animals	animal	NOUN
ahmr-885	256	18	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	256	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	256	20	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	256	21	except	except	SCONJ
ahmr-885	256	22	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	256	23	road	road	NOUN
ahmr-885	256	24	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	256	25	rail	rail	NOUN
ahmr-885	256	26	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	257	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	257	2	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	257	3	further	further	ADJ
ahmr-885	257	4	advocates	advocate	NOUN
ahmr-885	257	5	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	257	6	ranching	ranch	VERB
ahmr-885	257	7	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	257	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	257	9	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	257	10	best	good	ADJ
ahmr-885	257	11	practice	practice	NOUN
ahmr-885	257	12	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	257	13	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	257	14	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	257	15	rearing	rearing	NOUN
ahmr-885	257	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	258	1	according	accord	VERB
ahmr-885	258	2	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	258	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	258	4	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	258	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	258	6	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	258	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	258	8	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	258	9	interested	interested	ADJ
ahmr-885	258	10	parties	party	NOUN
ahmr-885	258	11	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	258	12	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	258	13	lease	lease	VERB
ahmr-885	258	14	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	258	15	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	258	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	258	17	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	258	18	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	258	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	258	20	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	258	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	258	22	ranches	ranch	NOUN
ahmr-885	258	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	259	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	259	2	lease	lease	NOUN
ahmr-885	259	3	permit	permit	NOUN
ahmr-885	259	4	issued	issue	VERB
ahmr-885	259	5	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	259	6	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	259	7	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	259	8	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	259	9	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	259	10	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	259	11	renewed	renew	VERB
ahmr-885	259	12	annually	annually	ADV
ahmr-885	259	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	260	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	260	2	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	260	3	further	far	ADV
ahmr-885	260	4	stipulates	stipulate	VERB
ahmr-885	260	5	penalties	penalty	NOUN
ahmr-885	260	6	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	260	7	defaulters	defaulter	NOUN
ahmr-885	260	8	including	include	VERB
ahmr-885	260	9	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	260	10	jail	jail	NOUN
ahmr-885	260	11	term	term	NOUN
ahmr-885	260	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	260	13	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	260	14	minimum	minimum	NOUN
ahmr-885	260	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	260	16	five	five	NUM
ahmr-885	260	17	years	year	NOUN
ahmr-885	260	18	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	260	19	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	260	20	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	260	21	fine	fine	NOUN
ahmr-885	260	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	260	23	one	one	NUM
ahmr-885	260	24	million	million	NUM
ahmr-885	260	25	naira	naira	NOUN
ahmr-885	260	26	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	260	27	equivalent	equivalent	NOUN
ahmr-885	260	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	260	29	$	$	SYM
ahmr-885	260	30	3,000	3,000	NUM
ahmr-885	260	31	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	260	32	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	261	1	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	261	2	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	261	3	pertinent	pertinent	ADJ
ahmr-885	261	4	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	261	5	note	note	VERB
ahmr-885	261	6	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	261	7	proposing	propose	VERB
ahmr-885	261	8	changes	change	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	9	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	261	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	261	11	lifestyle	lifestyle	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	261	13	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	261	14	group	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	261	16	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	17	should	should	AUX
ahmr-885	261	18	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	261	19	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	261	20	long	long	ADJ
ahmr-885	261	21	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	261	22	term	term	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	23	measure	measure	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	24	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	261	25	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	261	26	allow	allow	VERB
ahmr-885	261	27	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	261	28	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	29	who	who	PRON
ahmr-885	261	30	wish	wish	VERB
ahmr-885	261	31	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	261	32	conform	conform	VERB
ahmr-885	261	33	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	261	34	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	261	35	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	36	’s	’s	PART
ahmr-885	261	37	proposal	proposal	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	38	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	261	39	adjust	adjust	VERB
ahmr-885	261	40	mentally	mentally	ADV
ahmr-885	261	41	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	261	42	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	261	43	sedentary	sedentary	ADJ
ahmr-885	261	44	lifestyle	lifestyle	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	45	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	261	46	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	261	47	enable	enable	VERB
ahmr-885	261	48	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	261	49	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	50	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	261	51	do	do	VERB
ahmr-885	261	52	away	away	ADV
ahmr-885	261	53	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	261	54	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	261	55	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	261	56	breeds	breed	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	57	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	261	58	acquire	acquire	VERB
ahmr-885	261	59	breeds	breed	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	60	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	261	61	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	62	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	261	63	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	261	64	suitable	suitable	ADJ
ahmr-885	261	65	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	261	66	ranching	ranching	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	67	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	261	68	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	261	69	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	261	70	enable	enable	VERB
ahmr-885	261	71	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	261	72	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	73	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	261	74	set	set	VERB
ahmr-885	261	75	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	261	76	place	place	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	77	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	78	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	261	79	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	261	80	successful	successful	ADJ
ahmr-885	261	81	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	82	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	261	83	ranches	ranch	NOUN
ahmr-885	261	84	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	262	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	262	2	benue	benue	PROPN
ahmr-885	262	3	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	262	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	262	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	262	6	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	262	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	262	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	262	9	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	262	10	commenced	commence	VERB
ahmr-885	262	11	about	about	ADV
ahmr-885	262	12	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	262	13	months	month	NOUN
ahmr-885	262	14	after	after	SCONJ
ahmr-885	262	15	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	262	16	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	262	17	signed	sign	VERB
ahmr-885	262	18	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	262	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	262	20	governor	governor	NOUN
ahmr-885	262	21	–	–	PUNCT
ahmr-885	262	22	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	262	23	very	very	ADV
ahmr-885	262	24	short	short	ADJ
ahmr-885	262	25	period	period	NOUN
ahmr-885	262	26	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	262	27	interested	interested	ADJ
ahmr-885	262	28	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	262	29	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	262	30	establish	establish	VERB
ahmr-885	262	31	ranches	ranch	NOUN
ahmr-885	262	32	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	262	33	take	take	VERB
ahmr-885	262	34	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	262	35	steps	step	NOUN
ahmr-885	262	36	towards	towards	ADP
ahmr-885	262	37	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	262	38	sedentary	sedentary	ADJ
ahmr-885	262	39	lifestyle	lifestyle	NOUN
ahmr-885	262	40	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	263	1	figure	figure	NOUN
ahmr-885	263	2	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	263	3	below	below	ADV
ahmr-885	263	4	shows	show	VERB
ahmr-885	263	5	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	263	6	billboard	billboard	NOUN
ahmr-885	263	7	erected	erect	VERB
ahmr-885	263	8	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	263	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	263	10	benue	benue	PROPN
ahmr-885	263	11	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	263	12	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	263	13	providing	provide	VERB
ahmr-885	263	14	information	information	NOUN
ahmr-885	263	15	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	263	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	263	17	anti	anti	ADJ
ahmr-885	263	18	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	263	19	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	263	20	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	263	21	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	263	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	264	1	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	264	2	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	264	3	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	264	4	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	264	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	264	6	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	264	7	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	264	8	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	264	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	264	10	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	264	11	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	264	12	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	264	13	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	264	14	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	264	15	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	264	16	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	264	17	figure	figure	NOUN
ahmr-885	264	18	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	264	19	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	264	20	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	264	21	billboard	billboard	NOUN
ahmr-885	264	22	providing	provide	VERB
ahmr-885	264	23	information	information	NOUN
ahmr-885	264	24	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	264	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	264	26	anti	anti	ADJ
ahmr-885	264	27	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	264	28	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	264	29	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	264	30	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	264	31	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	264	32	benue	benue	PROPN
ahmr-885	264	33	state	state	PROPN
ahmr-885	264	34	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	264	35	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	264	36	photo	photo	NOUN
ahmr-885	264	37	credit	credit	NOUN
ahmr-885	264	38	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	264	39	linus	linus	PROPN
ahmr-885	264	40	unah	unah	PROPN
ahmr-885	264	41	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	264	42	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	264	43	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	264	44	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	265	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	265	2	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	265	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	265	5	anti	anti	ADJ
ahmr-885	265	6	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	265	7	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	265	8	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	9	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	10	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	265	11	consequently	consequently	ADV
ahmr-885	265	12	stirred	stir	VERB
ahmr-885	265	13	up	up	ADP
ahmr-885	265	14	debates	debate	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	15	about	about	ADP
ahmr-885	265	16	its	its	PRON
ahmr-885	265	17	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	18	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	265	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	265	20	one	one	NUM
ahmr-885	265	21	hand	hand	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	22	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	265	23	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	265	24	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	265	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	265	26	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	265	27	hand	hand	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	28	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	265	29	highlights	highlight	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	30	deviations	deviation	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	31	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	265	32	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	265	33	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	265	34	protocols	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	35	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	265	36	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	265	37	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	38	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	265	39	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	40	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	265	41	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	265	42	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	265	43	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	265	44	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	266	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	266	2	representatives	representative	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	266	4	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	5	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	266	6	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	266	7	operating	operate	VERB
ahmr-885	266	8	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	266	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	266	10	miyetti	miyetti	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	11	allah	allah	PROPN
ahmr-885	266	12	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	13	breeders	breeder	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	14	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	266	15	association	association	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	16	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	266	17	macban	macban	PROPN
ahmr-885	266	18	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	266	19	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	266	20	argued	argue	VERB
ahmr-885	266	21	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	266	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	266	23	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	266	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	266	26	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	27	trample	trample	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	28	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	266	29	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	266	30	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ahmr-885	266	31	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ahmr-885	266	32	rights	right	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	33	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	266	34	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	266	35	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	36	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	266	37	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	38	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	266	39	any	any	DET
ahmr-885	266	40	part	part	NOUN
ahmr-885	266	41	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	266	42	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	266	43	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	267	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	267	2	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	267	3	bid	bid	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	4	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	267	5	seek	seek	VERB
ahmr-885	267	6	justice	justice	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	7	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	267	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	267	9	miyetti	miyetti	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	10	allah	allah	PROPN
ahmr-885	267	11	kautal	kautal	PROPN
ahmr-885	267	12	hore	hore	PROPN
ahmr-885	267	13	instituted	institute	VERB
ahmr-885	267	14	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	267	15	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	16	suit	suit	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	17	against	against	ADP
ahmr-885	267	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	267	19	benue	benue	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	20	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	21	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	22	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	267	23	pointing	point	VERB
ahmr-885	267	24	out	out	ADP
ahmr-885	267	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	267	26	contradictions	contradiction	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	27	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	267	28	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	267	29	anti	anti	ADJ
ahmr-885	267	30	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	267	31	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	267	32	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	33	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	34	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	267	35	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	267	36	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	37	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	267	38	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	267	39	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	40	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	267	41	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	267	42	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	267	43	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	267	44	major	major	ADJ
ahmr-885	267	45	issue	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	46	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	267	47	contention	contention	NOUN
ahmr-885	267	48	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	268	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	268	2	suit	suit	NOUN
ahmr-885	268	3	was	be	AUX
ahmr-885	268	4	dismissed	dismiss	VERB
ahmr-885	268	5	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	268	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	268	7	federal	federal	ADJ
ahmr-885	268	8	high	high	ADJ
ahmr-885	268	9	court	court	NOUN
ahmr-885	268	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	268	11	abuja	abuja	PROPN
ahmr-885	268	12	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	269	1	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	269	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	269	3	other	other	ADJ
ahmr-885	269	4	hand	hand	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	269	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	269	7	benue	benue	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	8	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	9	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	10	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	269	11	defended	defend	VERB
ahmr-885	269	12	its	its	PRON
ahmr-885	269	13	antiopen	antiopen	ADJ
ahmr-885	269	14	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	15	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	269	17	claiming	claim	VERB
ahmr-885	269	18	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	269	19	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	269	20	constitutional	constitutional	ADJ
ahmr-885	269	21	rights	right	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	22	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	269	23	freedom	freedom	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	269	25	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	26	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	269	27	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	28	apply	apply	VERB
ahmr-885	269	29	only	only	ADV
ahmr-885	269	30	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	269	31	humans	human	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	32	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	269	33	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	269	34	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	269	35	animals	animal	NOUN
ahmr-885	269	36	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	270	1	another	another	DET
ahmr-885	270	2	line	line	NOUN
ahmr-885	270	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	270	4	argument	argument	NOUN
ahmr-885	270	5	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	270	6	been	be	AUX
ahmr-885	270	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	270	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	270	9	issue	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	270	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	270	11	whose	whose	DET
ahmr-885	270	12	rights	right	NOUN
ahmr-885	270	13	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	270	14	more	more	ADV
ahmr-885	270	15	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
ahmr-885	270	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	270	17	adzande	adzande	ADJ
ahmr-885	270	18	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	270	19	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	270	20	1669	1669	NUM
ahmr-885	270	21	especially	especially	ADV
ahmr-885	270	22	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	270	23	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	270	24	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	270	25	like	like	INTJ
ahmr-885	270	26	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	270	27	where	where	SCONJ
ahmr-885	270	28	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	270	29	significant	significant	ADJ
ahmr-885	270	30	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ahmr-885	270	31	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	270	32	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	270	33	population	population	NOUN
ahmr-885	270	34	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	270	35	rural	rural	ADJ
ahmr-885	270	36	crop	crop	NOUN
ahmr-885	270	37	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	270	38	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	271	1	thus	thus	ADV
ahmr-885	271	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	271	3	members	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	271	5	farming	farming	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	6	communities	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	7	have	have	AUX
ahmr-885	271	8	argued	argue	VERB
ahmr-885	271	9	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	271	10	freedom	freedom	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	271	12	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	271	14	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	15	is	be	AUX
ahmr-885	271	16	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	271	17	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	271	18	exclusive	exclusive	ADJ
ahmr-885	271	19	right	right	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	20	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	271	21	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	22	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	271	23	but	but	CCONJ
ahmr-885	271	24	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	271	25	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	271	26	freedom	freedom	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	27	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	271	28	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	29	ought	ought	AUX
ahmr-885	271	30	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	271	31	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	271	32	enjoyed	enjoy	VERB
ahmr-885	271	33	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	271	34	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	35	as	as	SCONJ
ahmr-885	271	36	they	they	PRON
ahmr-885	271	37	engage	engage	VERB
ahmr-885	271	38	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	271	39	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	271	40	livelihood	livelihood	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	41	practices	practice	NOUN
ahmr-885	271	42	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	272	1	shortly	shortly	ADV
ahmr-885	272	2	after	after	ADP
ahmr-885	272	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	272	4	commencement	commencement	NOUN
ahmr-885	272	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	272	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	272	7	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	272	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	272	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	272	10	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	272	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	272	12	benue	benue	NOUN
ahmr-885	272	13	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	272	14	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	272	15	more	more	ADJ
ahmr-885	272	16	than	than	ADP
ahmr-885	272	17	70	70	NUM
ahmr-885	272	18	people	people	NOUN
ahmr-885	272	19	lost	lose	VERB
ahmr-885	272	20	their	their	PRON
ahmr-885	272	21	lives	life	NOUN
ahmr-885	272	22	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	272	23	attacks	attack	NOUN
ahmr-885	272	24	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	272	25	suspected	suspect	VERB
ahmr-885	272	26	fulani	fulani	ADJ
ahmr-885	272	27	militia	militia	NOUN
ahmr-885	272	28	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	272	29	1	1	NUM
ahmr-885	272	30	january	january	PROPN
ahmr-885	272	31	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	272	32	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	273	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	273	2	’s	’s	PART
ahmr-885	273	3	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	273	4	chiefs	chief	NOUN
ahmr-885	273	5	attributed	attribute	VERB
ahmr-885	273	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	273	7	violent	violent	ADJ
ahmr-885	273	8	attacks	attack	NOUN
ahmr-885	273	9	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	273	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	273	11	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ahmr-885	273	12	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	273	13	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	273	14	anti	anti	ADJ
ahmr-885	273	15	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	273	16	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	273	17	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	273	18	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	273	19	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	273	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	273	21	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	273	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	274	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	274	2	arguments	argument	NOUN
ahmr-885	274	3	presented	present	VERB
ahmr-885	274	4	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	274	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	274	6	attacks	attack	NOUN
ahmr-885	274	7	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	274	8	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	274	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	274	10	aggrieved	aggrieved	ADJ
ahmr-885	274	11	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	274	12	reacted	react	VERB
ahmr-885	274	13	against	against	ADP
ahmr-885	274	14	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	274	15	oppressive	oppressive	ADJ
ahmr-885	274	16	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	274	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	275	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	275	2	narrative	narrative	NOUN
ahmr-885	275	3	seemed	seem	VERB
ahmr-885	275	4	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	275	5	suggest	suggest	VERB
ahmr-885	275	6	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	275	7	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	275	8	killings	killing	NOUN
ahmr-885	275	9	were	be	AUX
ahmr-885	275	10	justifiable	justifiable	ADJ
ahmr-885	275	11	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	276	1	however	however	ADV
ahmr-885	276	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	276	3	it	it	PRON
ahmr-885	276	4	can	can	AUX
ahmr-885	276	5	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	276	6	argued	argue	VERB
ahmr-885	276	7	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	276	8	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	276	9	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	10	such	such	ADJ
ahmr-885	276	11	as	as	ADP
ahmr-885	276	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	276	13	anti	anti	ADJ
ahmr-885	276	14	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	276	15	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	276	16	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	17	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	18	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	276	19	filling	fill	VERB
ahmr-885	276	20	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	276	21	void	void	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	22	created	create	VERB
ahmr-885	276	23	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	276	24	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	276	25	non	non	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	26	-	-	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	27	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	276	29	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	276	30	stipulated	stipulate	VERB
ahmr-885	276	31	conditions	condition	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	32	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	276	33	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
ahmr-885	276	34	transhumant	transhumant	ADJ
ahmr-885	276	35	activities	activity	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	36	or	or	CCONJ
ahmr-885	276	37	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	276	38	absence	absence	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	39	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	276	40	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
ahmr-885	276	41	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	42	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	276	43	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	44	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	276	45	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	276	46	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	276	47	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	277	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	277	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	277	4	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	5	like	like	ADP
ahmr-885	277	6	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	277	7	could	could	AUX
ahmr-885	277	8	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	277	9	responding	respond	VERB
ahmr-885	277	10	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	277	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	277	12	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	13	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	277	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	277	15	face	face	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	277	17	daunting	daunt	VERB
ahmr-885	277	18	frustration	frustration	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	19	by	by	ADP
ahmr-885	277	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	277	21	non	non	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	22	-	-	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	23	commitment	commitment	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	277	25	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	277	26	federal	federal	ADJ
ahmr-885	277	27	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	28	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	277	29	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	277	30	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	277	31	deploy	deploy	VERB
ahmr-885	277	32	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	33	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	277	34	effectively	effectively	ADV
ahmr-885	277	35	manage	manage	VERB
ahmr-885	277	36	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	277	37	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	277	38	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	278	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	2	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	278	3	recommendation	recommendation	VERB
ahmr-885	278	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	278	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ahmr-885	278	6	community	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	278	8	west	west	ADJ
ahmr-885	278	9	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	278	10	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	11	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	278	12	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	278	13	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	278	14	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	15	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	278	16	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	17	enacted	enact	VERB
ahmr-885	278	18	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	278	19	1998	1998	NUM
ahmr-885	278	20	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	278	21	though	though	SCONJ
ahmr-885	278	22	borne	bear	VERB
ahmr-885	278	23	out	out	ADP
ahmr-885	278	24	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	278	25	good	good	ADJ
ahmr-885	278	26	intentions	intention	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	27	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	278	28	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	278	29	limited	limit	VERB
ahmr-885	278	30	applicability	applicability	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	31	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	278	32	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	278	33	transit	transit	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	34	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	278	35	host	host	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	36	countries	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	37	because	because	SCONJ
ahmr-885	278	38	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	278	39	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	278	40	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	278	41	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	42	supersede	supersede	VERB
ahmr-885	278	43	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	278	44	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	278	45	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	278	46	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	279	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	279	2	preceding	precede	VERB
ahmr-885	279	3	discussions	discussion	NOUN
ahmr-885	279	4	show	show	VERB
ahmr-885	279	5	that	that	SCONJ
ahmr-885	279	6	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	279	7	is	be	VERB
ahmr-885	279	8	weak	weak	ADJ
ahmr-885	279	9	enforcement	enforcement	NOUN
ahmr-885	279	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	279	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	279	12	provisions	provision	NOUN
ahmr-885	279	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	279	14	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	279	15	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	279	16	protocol	protocol	NOUN
ahmr-885	279	17	especially	especially	ADV
ahmr-885	279	18	along	along	ADP
ahmr-885	279	19	nigerian	nigerian	ADJ
ahmr-885	279	20	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	279	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	280	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	280	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ahmr-885	280	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	280	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	280	5	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	280	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	280	7	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	280	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	280	9	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	280	10	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	280	11	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	280	12	not	not	PART
ahmr-885	280	13	aligned	align	VERB
ahmr-885	280	14	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	280	15	provide	provide	VERB
ahmr-885	280	16	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	280	17	harmonized	harmonized	ADJ
ahmr-885	280	18	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	280	19	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	280	20	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	280	21	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	280	22	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	280	23	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	280	24	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	280	25	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	280	26	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	280	27	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	281	1	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	281	2	legal	legal	ADJ
ahmr-885	281	3	imbroglio	imbroglio	NOUN
ahmr-885	281	4	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	281	5	has	have	AUX
ahmr-885	281	6	arisen	arise	VERB
ahmr-885	281	7	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	281	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	281	9	existence	existence	NOUN
ahmr-885	281	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	281	11	contradictory	contradictory	ADJ
ahmr-885	281	12	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	281	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	281	14	inherent	inherent	ADJ
ahmr-885	281	15	ambiguities	ambiguity	NOUN
ahmr-885	281	16	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	281	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	281	18	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	281	19	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	281	20	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	281	21	needs	need	VERB
ahmr-885	281	22	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	281	23	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	281	24	addressed	address	VERB
ahmr-885	281	25	for	for	SCONJ
ahmr-885	281	26	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	281	27	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	281	28	thrive	thrive	VERB
ahmr-885	281	29	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	282	1	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	2	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	282	3	related	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	282	4	issues	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	5	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	282	6	require	require	VERB
ahmr-885	282	7	attention	attention	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	8	include	include	VERB
ahmr-885	282	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	282	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	282	11	undocumented	undocumented	ADJ
ahmr-885	282	12	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	282	14	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	15	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	282	16	internal	internal	ADJ
ahmr-885	282	17	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	282	18	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	282	19	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	20	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	282	21	unpacking	unpack	VERB
ahmr-885	282	22	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	282	23	notion	notion	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	24	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	282	25	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	26	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	282	27	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	282	28	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	282	29	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	30	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	282	31	across	across	ADP
ahmr-885	282	32	internal	internal	ADJ
ahmr-885	282	33	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	282	34	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	282	35	borders	border	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	36	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	282	37	ensure	ensure	VERB
ahmr-885	282	38	fairness	fairness	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	39	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	282	40	all	all	PRON
ahmr-885	282	41	;	;	PUNCT
ahmr-885	282	42	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	282	43	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	282	44	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	45	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	282	46	institutions	institution	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	47	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	282	48	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	49	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	282	50	specifically	specifically	ADV
ahmr-885	282	51	address	address	VERB
ahmr-885	282	52	issues	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	53	associated	associate	VERB
ahmr-885	282	54	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	282	55	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	282	56	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	57	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	282	58	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	282	59	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	283	1	there	there	PRON
ahmr-885	283	2	is	be	VERB
ahmr-885	283	3	also	also	ADV
ahmr-885	283	4	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	283	5	need	need	NOUN
ahmr-885	283	6	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	283	7	find	find	VERB
ahmr-885	283	8	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	283	9	compromise	compromise	NOUN
ahmr-885	283	10	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	283	11	national	national	ADJ
ahmr-885	283	12	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	283	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	283	14	local	local	ADJ
ahmr-885	283	15	laws	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	283	16	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	283	17	address	address	VERB
ahmr-885	283	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	283	19	contradictory	contradictory	ADJ
ahmr-885	283	20	issues	issue	NOUN
ahmr-885	283	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	284	1	focus	focus	NOUN
ahmr-885	284	2	should	should	AUX
ahmr-885	284	3	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	284	4	placed	place	VERB
ahmr-885	284	5	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	284	6	research	research	NOUN
ahmr-885	284	7	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	284	8	find	find	VERB
ahmr-885	284	9	ways	way	NOUN
ahmr-885	284	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	284	11	reaching	reach	VERB
ahmr-885	284	12	this	this	DET
ahmr-885	284	13	compromise	compromise	NOUN
ahmr-885	284	14	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	284	15	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	284	16	identify	identify	VERB
ahmr-885	284	17	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	284	18	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ahmr-885	284	19	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	284	20	that	that	PRON
ahmr-885	284	21	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	284	22	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	284	23	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	284	24	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	284	25	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	284	26	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	284	27	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	284	28	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	284	29	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	284	30	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	284	31	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	284	32	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	284	33	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	284	34	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	284	35	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	284	36	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	284	37	may	may	AUX
ahmr-885	284	38	be	be	AUX
ahmr-885	284	39	useful	useful	ADJ
ahmr-885	284	40	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	284	41	addressing	address	VERB
ahmr-885	284	42	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	284	43	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	284	44	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	284	45	pastoralists	pastoralist	NOUN
ahmr-885	284	46	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	284	47	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	284	48	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	284	49	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	284	50	beyond	beyond	ADP
ahmr-885	284	51	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	285	1	references	reference	NOUN
ahmr-885	285	2	alidou	alidou	PROPN
ahmr-885	285	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	285	4	s.m	s.m	PROPN
ahmr-885	285	5	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	285	6	2016	2016	NUM
ahmr-885	285	7	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	286	1	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	286	2	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	286	3	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	286	4	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	286	5	corridors	corridor	NOUN
ahmr-885	286	6	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	286	7	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	286	8	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	286	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	286	10	capex	capex	PROPN
ahmr-885	286	11	series	series	PROPN
ahmr-885	286	12	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	286	13	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	286	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	287	1	switzerland	switzerland	NOUN
ahmr-885	287	2	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	287	3	swiss	swiss	ADJ
ahmr-885	287	4	agency	agency	NOUN
ahmr-885	287	5	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	287	6	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	287	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	287	8	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ahmr-885	287	9	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	287	10	sdc	sdc	NOUN
ahmr-885	287	11	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	287	12	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	288	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	288	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	288	3	https://bit.ly/31mggrq	https://bit.ly/31mggrq	PROPN
ahmr-885	288	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	288	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	288	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	288	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	288	8	may	may	PROPN
ahmr-885	288	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	288	10	25	25	NUM
ahmr-885	288	11	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	288	12	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	288	13	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	288	14	amnesty	amnesty	NOUN
ahmr-885	288	15	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	288	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	288	17	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	288	18	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	289	1	harvest	harvest	NOUN
ahmr-885	289	2	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	289	3	death	death	NOUN
ahmr-885	289	4	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	289	5	three	three	NUM
ahmr-885	289	6	years	year	NOUN
ahmr-885	289	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	289	8	bloody	bloody	ADJ
ahmr-885	289	9	clashes	clash	NOUN
ahmr-885	289	10	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	289	11	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	289	12	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	289	13	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	289	14	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	289	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	289	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	290	1	abuja	abuja	PROPN
ahmr-885	290	2	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	290	3	amnesty	amnesty	VERB
ahmr-885	290	4	international	international	PROPN
ahmr-885	290	5	ltd	ltd	PROPN
ahmr-885	290	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	290	7	afr44/9503/2018	afr44/9503/2018	NOUN
ahmr-885	290	8	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	291	1	antwi	antwi	PROPN
ahmr-885	291	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	291	3	s.o	s.o	PROPN
ahmr-885	291	4	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	291	5	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	291	6	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	292	1	farmer	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	292	2	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	292	3	herder	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	292	4	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	292	5	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	292	6	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	292	7	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	292	8	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	292	9	kwahu	kwahu	PROPN
ahmr-885	292	10	east	east	PROPN
ahmr-885	292	11	district	district	PROPN
ahmr-885	292	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	292	13	eastern	eastern	ADJ
ahmr-885	292	14	region	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	292	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	292	16	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ahmr-885	292	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	293	1	master	master	PROPN
ahmr-885	293	2	’s	’s	PART
ahmr-885	293	3	thesis	thesis	NOUN
ahmr-885	293	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	293	5	norwegian	norwegian	ADJ
ahmr-885	293	6	university	university	NOUN
ahmr-885	293	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	293	8	life	life	NOUN
ahmr-885	293	9	sciences	science	NOUN
ahmr-885	293	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	294	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	294	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	294	3	http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2505703	http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2505703	X
ahmr-885	294	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	294	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	294	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	294	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	294	8	april	april	PROPN
ahmr-885	294	9	11	11	NUM
ahmr-885	294	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	294	11	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	294	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	294	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	295	1	aremu	aremu	PROPN
ahmr-885	295	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	295	3	t.	t.	PROPN
ahmr-885	295	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	295	5	abraham	abraham	PROPN
ahmr-885	295	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	295	7	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	295	8	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	295	9	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	296	1	herdsmen	herdsman	NOUN
ahmr-885	296	2	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	296	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	296	4	move	move	NOUN
ahmr-885	296	5	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	296	6	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	296	7	burdens	burden	NOUN
ahmr-885	296	8	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	296	9	climate	climate	NOUN
ahmr-885	296	10	change	change	NOUN
ahmr-885	296	11	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	296	12	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ahmr-885	296	13	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	296	14	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	296	15	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	296	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	297	1	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	297	2	leal	leal	ADJ
ahmr-885	297	3	filho	filho	NOUN
ahmr-885	297	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	297	5	w.	w.	PROPN
ahmr-885	297	6	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	297	7	ed	ed	NOUN
ahmr-885	297	8	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	297	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	297	10	handbook	handbook	NOUN
ahmr-885	297	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	297	12	climate	climate	NOUN
ahmr-885	297	13	change	change	NOUN
ahmr-885	297	14	resilience	resilience	NOUN
ahmr-885	297	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	297	16	switzerland	switzerland	PROPN
ahmr-885	297	17	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	297	18	springer	springer	NOUN
ahmr-885	297	19	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	298	1	avis	avis	PROPN
ahmr-885	298	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	298	3	w.	w.	PROPN
ahmr-885	298	4	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	298	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	299	1	rebuilding	rebuild	VERB
ahmr-885	299	2	pastoralist	pastoralist	ADJ
ahmr-885	299	3	livelihoods	livelihood	NOUN
ahmr-885	299	4	during	during	ADP
ahmr-885	299	5	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	299	6	after	after	ADP
ahmr-885	299	7	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	299	8	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	300	1	k4d	k4d	PROPN
ahmr-885	300	2	helpdesk	helpdesk	NOUN
ahmr-885	300	3	report	report	NOUN
ahmr-885	300	4	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	301	1	united	united	PROPN
ahmr-885	301	2	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
ahmr-885	301	3	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	301	4	department	department	NOUN
ahmr-885	301	5	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	301	6	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	301	7	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	301	8	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	302	1	azad	azad	PROPN
ahmr-885	302	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	302	3	a.	a.	PROPN
ahmr-885	302	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	302	5	kaila	kaila	PROPN
ahmr-885	302	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	302	7	h.	h.	PROPN
ahmr-885	302	8	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	302	9	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	303	1	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	303	2	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ahmr-885	303	3	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	303	4	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	303	5	affected	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	303	6	regions	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	303	7	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	303	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	303	9	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	303	10	results	result	NOUN
ahmr-885	303	11	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	303	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	303	13	north	north	PROPN
ahmr-885	303	14	east	east	PROPN
ahmr-885	303	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	303	16	north	north	NOUN
ahmr-885	303	17	central	central	ADJ
ahmr-885	303	18	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	303	19	south	south	ADJ
ahmr-885	303	20	zones	zone	NOUN
ahmr-885	303	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	304	1	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
ahmr-885	304	2	draft	draft	NOUN
ahmr-885	304	3	report	report	NOUN
ahmr-885	304	4	prepared	prepare	VERB
ahmr-885	304	5	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	304	6	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ahmr-885	304	7	with	with	ADP
ahmr-885	304	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	304	9	world	world	PROPN
ahmr-885	304	10	bank	bank	PROPN
ahmr-885	304	11	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	304	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	304	13	national	national	PROPN
ahmr-885	304	14	bureau	bureau	PROPN
ahmr-885	304	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	304	16	statistics	statistics	PROPN
ahmr-885	304	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	305	1	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	305	2	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	305	3	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	305	4	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	306	1	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	306	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	307	1	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	307	2	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	307	3	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN
ahmr-885	307	4	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	307	5	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	307	6	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	308	1	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	308	2	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	308	3	government	government	NOUN
ahmr-885	308	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	308	5	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	308	6	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	309	1	bonneau	bonneau	PROPN
ahmr-885	309	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	309	3	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	309	4	2012	2012	NUM
ahmr-885	309	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	310	1	drought	drought	NOUN
ahmr-885	310	2	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	310	3	internal	internal	ADJ
ahmr-885	310	4	displacements	displacement	NOUN
ahmr-885	310	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	310	6	pastoralits	pastoralit	NOUN
ahmr-885	310	7	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	310	8	northern	northern	ADJ
ahmr-885	310	9	kenya	kenya	NOUN
ahmr-885	310	10	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	310	11	2012	2012	NUM
ahmr-885	310	12	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	310	13	an	an	DET
ahmr-885	310	14	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ahmr-885	310	15	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	310	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	310	17	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	310	18	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	310	19	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ahmr-885	310	20	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	310	21	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	310	22	iddri	iddri	NOUN
ahmr-885	310	23	study	study	NOUN
ahmr-885	310	24	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	310	25	101	101	NUM
ahmr-885	310	26	-	-	SYM
ahmr-885	310	27	116	116	NUM
ahmr-885	310	28	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	311	1	burrows	burrow	NOUN
ahmr-885	311	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	311	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ahmr-885	311	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	311	5	kinney	kinney	PROPN
ahmr-885	311	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	311	7	p.i	p.i	PROPN
ahmr-885	311	8	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	311	9	2016	2016	NUM
ahmr-885	311	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	312	1	exploring	explore	VERB
ahmr-885	312	2	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	312	3	climate	climate	NOUN
ahmr-885	312	4	change	change	NOUN
ahmr-885	312	5	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	312	6	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	312	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	312	8	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	312	9	nexus	nexus	NOUN
ahmr-885	312	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	313	1	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	313	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ahmr-885	313	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	313	4	environmental	environmental	ADJ
ahmr-885	313	5	research	research	NOUN
ahmr-885	313	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	313	7	public	public	ADJ
ahmr-885	313	8	health	health	NOUN
ahmr-885	313	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	313	10	13(443	13(443	NUM
ahmr-885	313	11	):	):	PUNCT
ahmr-885	313	12	1	1	NUM
ahmr-885	313	13	-	-	SYM
ahmr-885	313	14	17	17	NUM
ahmr-885	313	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	314	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	314	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	314	3	doi:10.3390	doi:10.3390	NOUN
ahmr-885	314	4	/	/	SYM
ahmr-885	314	5	ijerph/3040443	ijerph/3040443	NOUN
ahmr-885	314	6	>	>	X
ahmr-885	314	7	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	314	8	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	314	9	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	314	10	may	may	PROPN
ahmr-885	314	11	1	1	NUM
ahmr-885	314	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	314	13	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	314	14	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	314	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	315	1	https://bit.ly/31mggrq	https://bit.ly/31mggrq	VERB
ahmr-885	315	2	http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2505703	http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2505703	PROPN
ahmr-885	315	3	adzande	adzande	PROPN
ahmr-885	315	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	315	5	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	315	6	1671	1671	NUM
ahmr-885	315	7	chatty	chatty	ADJ
ahmr-885	315	8	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	315	9	d.	d.	PROPN
ahmr-885	315	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	315	11	sternberg	sternberg	PROPN
ahmr-885	315	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	315	13	t.	t.	PROPN
ahmr-885	315	14	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	315	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	316	1	climate	climate	NOUN
ahmr-885	316	2	effects	effect	NOUN
ahmr-885	316	3	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	316	4	nomadic	nomadic	ADJ
ahmr-885	316	5	pastoralist	pastoralist	ADJ
ahmr-885	316	6	societies	society	NOUN
ahmr-885	316	7	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	317	1	forced	force	VERB
ahmr-885	317	2	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	317	3	review	review	NOUN
ahmr-885	317	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	317	5	49	49	NUM
ahmr-885	317	6	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	317	7	25	25	NUM
ahmr-885	317	8	-	-	SYM
ahmr-885	317	9	27	27	NUM
ahmr-885	317	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	318	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	318	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	318	3	https://www.fmreview.org/climatechange-disasters/chatty-sternberg	https://www.fmreview.org/climatechange-disasters/chatty-sternberg	X
ahmr-885	318	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	318	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	318	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	318	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	318	8	march	march	PROPN
ahmr-885	318	9	3	3	NUM
ahmr-885	318	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	318	11	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	318	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	318	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	319	1	djekić	djekić	PROPN
ahmr-885	319	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	319	3	m.	m.	NOUN
ahmr-885	319	4	2014	2014	NUM
ahmr-885	319	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	320	1	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	320	2	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	320	3	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	320	4	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	320	5	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	320	6	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	320	7	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	320	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	320	9	two	two	NUM
ahmr-885	320	10	sudans	sudan	NOUN
ahmr-885	320	11	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	321	1	working	work	VERB
ahmr-885	321	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ahmr-885	321	3	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	322	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	322	2	broker	broker	NOUN
ahmr-885	322	3	online	online	ADV
ahmr-885	322	4	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	323	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	323	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	323	3	https://bit.ly/2yfq8h5	https://bit.ly/2yfq8h5	X
ahmr-885	323	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	323	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	323	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	323	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	323	8	april	april	PROPN
ahmr-885	323	9	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	323	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	323	11	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	323	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	323	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	324	1	dyer	dyer	NOUN
ahmr-885	324	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	324	3	n.	n.	PROPN
ahmr-885	324	4	2008	2008	NUM
ahmr-885	324	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	325	1	securing	secure	VERB
ahmr-885	325	2	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	325	3	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	325	4	east	east	PROPN
ahmr-885	325	5	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	325	6	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	325	7	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	325	8	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	325	9	protecting	protect	VERB
ahmr-885	325	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	325	11	promoting	promote	VERB
ahmr-885	325	12	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	325	13	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ahmr-885	325	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	326	1	review	review	NOUN
ahmr-885	326	2	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	326	3	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	326	4	legislative	legislative	ADJ
ahmr-885	326	5	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	326	6	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ahmr-885	326	7	environment	environment	NOUN
ahmr-885	326	8	governing	govern	VERB
ahmr-885	326	9	livestock	livestock	NOUN
ahmr-885	326	10	mobility	mobility	NOUN
ahmr-885	326	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	326	12	east	east	PROPN
ahmr-885	326	13	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	326	14	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	326	15	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	326	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	327	1	london	london	PROPN
ahmr-885	327	2	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	327	3	international	international	PROPN
ahmr-885	327	4	institute	institute	PROPN
ahmr-885	327	5	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	327	6	environment	environment	NOUN
ahmr-885	327	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	327	8	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	327	9	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	327	10	iied	iied	ADJ
ahmr-885	327	11	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	327	12	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	328	1	economic	economic	ADJ
ahmr-885	328	2	community	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	328	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	328	4	west	west	ADJ
ahmr-885	328	5	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	328	6	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	328	7	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	328	8	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	328	9	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	328	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	329	1	1979	1979	NUM
ahmr-885	329	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	330	1	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	330	2	protocol	protocol	VERB
ahmr-885	330	3	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	330	4	/	/	SYM
ahmr-885	330	5	p.1/5/79	p.1/5/79	NOUN
ahmr-885	330	6	relating	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	330	7	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	330	8	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	330	9	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	330	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	330	11	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	330	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	330	13	residence	residence	NOUN
ahmr-885	330	14	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	330	15	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	330	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	331	1	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	331	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	331	3	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	331	4	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	332	1	economic	economic	ADJ
ahmr-885	332	2	community	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	332	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	332	4	west	west	ADJ
ahmr-885	332	5	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	332	6	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	332	7	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	332	8	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	332	9	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	332	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	333	1	1998	1998	NUM
ahmr-885	333	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	334	1	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	334	2	decision	decision	NOUN
ahmr-885	334	3	a	a	PRON
ahmr-885	334	4	/	/	SYM
ahmr-885	334	5	dec.5/10/98	dec.5/10/98	VERB
ahmr-885	334	6	relating	relate	VERB
ahmr-885	334	7	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	334	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	334	9	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ahmr-885	334	10	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	334	11	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	334	12	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	334	13	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	334	14	member	member	NOUN
ahmr-885	334	15	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	334	16	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	335	1	twenty	twenty	NUM
ahmr-885	335	2	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	335	3	first	first	ADJ
ahmr-885	335	4	conference	conference	NOUN
ahmr-885	335	5	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	335	6	heads	head	NOUN
ahmr-885	335	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	335	8	state	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	335	9	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	336	1	abuja	abuja	PROPN
ahmr-885	336	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	336	3	31	31	NUM
ahmr-885	336	4	october	october	PROPN
ahmr-885	336	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	337	1	official	official	ADJ
ahmr-885	337	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ahmr-885	337	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	337	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	337	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ahmr-885	337	6	community	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	337	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	337	8	west	west	ADJ
ahmr-885	337	9	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	337	10	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	337	11	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	337	12	35	35	NUM
ahmr-885	337	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	338	1	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	338	2	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	338	3	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ahmr-885	338	4	organization	organization	NOUN
ahmr-885	338	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	338	6	fao	fao	PROPN
ahmr-885	338	7	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	338	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	338	9	economic	economic	ADJ
ahmr-885	338	10	community	community	NOUN
ahmr-885	338	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	338	12	west	west	ADJ
ahmr-885	338	13	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	338	14	states	state	NOUN
ahmr-885	338	15	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	338	16	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	338	17	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	338	18	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	339	1	2012	2012	NUM
ahmr-885	339	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	340	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	340	2	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	340	3	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	340	4	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	340	5	transhumance	transhumance	NOUN
ahmr-885	340	6	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	340	7	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	340	8	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	340	9	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	340	10	proposal	proposal	NOUN
ahmr-885	340	11	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	340	12	action	action	NOUN
ahmr-885	340	13	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	340	14	fao	fao	PROPN
ahmr-885	340	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	340	16	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	340	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	341	1	federal	federal	PROPN
ahmr-885	341	2	republic	republic	PROPN
ahmr-885	341	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	341	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	341	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	342	1	1978	1978	NUM
ahmr-885	342	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	343	1	land	land	NOUN
ahmr-885	343	2	use	use	PROPN
ahmr-885	343	3	act	act	PROPN
ahmr-885	343	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	343	5	federal	federal	ADJ
ahmr-885	343	6	republic	republic	NOUN
ahmr-885	343	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	343	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	343	9	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	344	1	federal	federal	PROPN
ahmr-885	344	2	republic	republic	PROPN
ahmr-885	344	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	344	4	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	344	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	345	1	1999	1999	NUM
ahmr-885	345	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	346	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	346	2	constitution	constitution	NOUN
ahmr-885	346	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	346	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	346	5	federal	federal	PROPN
ahmr-885	346	6	republic	republic	PROPN
ahmr-885	346	7	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	346	8	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	346	9	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	346	10	as	as	ADV
ahmr-885	346	11	amended	amend	VERB
ahmr-885	346	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	346	13	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	346	14	federal	federal	PROPN
ahmr-885	346	15	republic	republic	NOUN
ahmr-885	346	16	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	346	17	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	346	18	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	347	1	gaye	gaye	PROPN
ahmr-885	347	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	347	3	s.b	s.b	PROPN
ahmr-885	347	4	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	347	5	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	347	6	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	348	1	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	348	2	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	348	3	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	348	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	348	5	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	348	6	against	against	ADP
ahmr-885	348	7	a	a	DET
ahmr-885	348	8	backdrop	backdrop	NOUN
ahmr-885	348	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	348	10	asymmetric	asymmetric	ADJ
ahmr-885	348	11	threats	threat	NOUN
ahmr-885	348	12	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	348	13	mali	mali	PROPN
ahmr-885	348	14	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	348	15	burkina	burkina	PROPN
ahmr-885	348	16	faso	faso	PROPN
ahmr-885	348	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	349	1	germany	germany	PROPN
ahmr-885	349	2	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	349	3	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
ahmr-885	349	4	ebert	ebert	PROPN
ahmr-885	349	5	stiftung	stiftung	PROPN
ahmr-885	349	6	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	350	1	hartmann	hartmann	PROPN
ahmr-885	350	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	350	3	i.	i.	PROPN
ahmr-885	350	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	350	5	sugulle	sugulle	NOUN
ahmr-885	350	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	350	7	a.j	a.j	PROPN
ahmr-885	350	8	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	350	9	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	350	10	awale	awale	PROPN
ahmr-885	350	11	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	350	12	a.i	a.i	PROPN
ahmr-885	350	13	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	350	14	2010	2010	NUM
ahmr-885	350	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	351	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	351	2	impact	impact	NOUN
ahmr-885	351	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	351	4	climate	climate	NOUN
ahmr-885	351	5	change	change	NOUN
ahmr-885	351	6	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	351	7	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	351	8	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	351	9	salahley	salahley	NOUN
ahmr-885	351	10	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	351	11	bali	bali	ADJ
ahmr-885	351	12	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	351	13	gubadle	gubadle	NOUN
ahmr-885	351	14	districts	district	NOUN
ahmr-885	351	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	351	16	somaliland	somaliland	PROPN
ahmr-885	351	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	352	1	east	east	PROPN
ahmr-885	352	2	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	352	3	horn	horn	PROPN
ahmr-885	352	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	352	5	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	352	6	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	352	7	heinrich	heinrich	PROPN
ahmr-885	352	8	boll	boll	PROPN
ahmr-885	352	9	stiftung	stiftung	PROPN
ahmr-885	352	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	353	1	internal	internal	ADJ
ahmr-885	353	2	displacement	displacement	ADJ
ahmr-885	353	3	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ahmr-885	353	4	centre	centre	NOUN
ahmr-885	353	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	353	6	idmc	idmc	NOUN
ahmr-885	353	7	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	353	8	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	354	1	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	354	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	355	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	355	2	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	355	3	country	country	NOUN
ahmr-885	355	4	information	information	NOUN
ahmr-885	355	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	356	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	356	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	356	3	internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria	internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria	X
ahmr-885	356	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	356	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	356	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	356	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	356	8	march	march	PROPN
ahmr-885	356	9	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	356	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	356	11	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	356	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	356	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	357	1	https://www.fmreview.org/climatechange-disasters/chatty-sternberg	https://www.fmreview.org/climatechange-disasters/chatty-sternberg	PROPN
ahmr-885	357	2	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	357	3	human	human	ADJ
ahmr-885	357	4	mobility	mobility	PROPN
ahmr-885	357	5	review	review	PROPN
ahmr-885	357	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	357	7	vol	vol	NOUN
ahmr-885	357	8	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	357	9	5	5	NUM
ahmr-885	357	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	357	11	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	357	12	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	357	13	2	2	NUM
ahmr-885	357	14	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	357	15	august	august	PROPN
ahmr-885	357	16	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	357	17	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	357	18	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	357	19	crisis	crisis	NOUN
ahmr-885	357	20	group	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	357	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	358	1	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	358	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	359	1	stopping	stop	VERB
ahmr-885	359	2	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	359	3	’s	’s	PART
ahmr-885	359	4	spiralling	spiral	VERB
ahmr-885	359	5	farmer	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	359	6	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	359	7	herder	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	359	8	violence	violence	NOUN
ahmr-885	359	9	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	360	1	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	360	2	report	report	VERB
ahmr-885	360	3	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	360	4	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	360	5	262	262	NUM
ahmr-885	360	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	360	7	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	360	8	crisis	crisis	NOUN
ahmr-885	360	9	group	group	NOUN
ahmr-885	360	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	360	11	brussels	brussels	PROPN
ahmr-885	360	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	360	13	belgium	belgium	PROPN
ahmr-885	360	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	361	1	kwaja	kwaja	PROPN
ahmr-885	361	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	361	3	c.m.a	c.m.a	NOUN
ahmr-885	361	4	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	361	5	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	361	6	ademola	ademola	NOUN
ahmr-885	361	7	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	361	8	adelehin	adelehin	PROPN
ahmr-885	361	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	361	10	b.i	b.i	PROPN
ahmr-885	361	11	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	361	12	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	361	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	362	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	362	2	implications	implication	NOUN
ahmr-885	362	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	362	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	362	5	open	open	ADJ
ahmr-885	362	6	grazing	grazing	NOUN
ahmr-885	362	7	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN
ahmr-885	362	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	362	9	ranches	ranch	NOUN
ahmr-885	362	10	establishment	establishment	NOUN
ahmr-885	362	11	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	362	12	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	362	13	farmer	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	362	14	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	362	15	herder	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	362	16	relations	relation	NOUN
ahmr-885	362	17	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	362	18	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	362	19	middle	middle	ADJ
ahmr-885	362	20	belt	belt	NOUN
ahmr-885	362	21	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	362	22	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	362	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	363	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	363	2	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	364	1	search	search	VERB
ahmr-885	364	2	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	364	3	common	common	ADJ
ahmr-885	364	4	grounds	ground	NOUN
ahmr-885	364	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	365	1	leonhardt	leonhardt	PROPN
ahmr-885	365	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	365	3	m.	m.	NOUN
ahmr-885	365	4	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	365	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	366	1	regional	regional	ADJ
ahmr-885	366	2	policies	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	366	3	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	366	4	response	response	NOUN
ahmr-885	366	5	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	366	6	manage	manage	VERB
ahmr-885	366	7	pastoral	pastoral	ADJ
ahmr-885	366	8	movements	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	366	9	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	366	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	366	11	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	366	12	region	region	NOUN
ahmr-885	366	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	367	1	study	study	NOUN
ahmr-885	367	2	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	367	3	behalf	behalf	NOUN
ahmr-885	367	4	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	367	5	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	367	6	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	367	7	organization	organization	NOUN
ahmr-885	367	8	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	367	9	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	367	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	367	11	within	within	ADP
ahmr-885	367	12	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	367	13	framework	framework	NOUN
ahmr-885	367	14	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	367	15	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	367	16	support	support	NOUN
ahmr-885	367	17	to	to	ADP
ahmr-885	367	18	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	367	19	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	367	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	367	21	persons	person	NOUN
ahmr-885	367	22	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	367	23	migration	migration	NOUN
ahmr-885	367	24	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	367	25	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	367	26	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	367	27	project	project	PROPN
ahmr-885	367	28	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	368	1	mwamfupe	mwamfupe	PROPN
ahmr-885	368	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	368	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ahmr-885	368	4	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	368	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	369	1	persistence	persistence	NOUN
ahmr-885	369	2	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	369	3	farmer	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	369	4	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	369	5	herder	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	369	6	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	369	7	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	369	8	tanzania	tanzania	PROPN
ahmr-885	369	9	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	370	1	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	370	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ahmr-885	370	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	370	4	scientific	scientific	ADJ
ahmr-885	370	5	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	370	6	research	research	NOUN
ahmr-885	370	7	publications	publication	NOUN
ahmr-885	370	8	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	370	9	5(2	5(2	NUM
ahmr-885	370	10	):	):	PUNCT
ahmr-885	370	11	1	1	NUM
ahmr-885	370	12	-	-	SYM
ahmr-885	370	13	8	8	NUM
ahmr-885	370	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	371	1	nasir	nasir	PROPN
ahmr-885	371	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	371	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ahmr-885	371	4	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	371	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	372	1	miyetti	miyetti	PROPN
ahmr-885	372	2	allah	allah	PROPN
ahmr-885	372	3	vows	vow	VERB
ahmr-885	372	4	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	372	5	resist	resist	VERB
ahmr-885	372	6	benue	benue	VERB
ahmr-885	372	7	anti	anti	ADJ
ahmr-885	372	8	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	372	9	grazing	grazing	ADJ
ahmr-885	372	10	law	law	NOUN
ahmr-885	372	11	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	372	12	asks	ask	VERB
ahmr-885	372	13	buhari	buhari	PROPN
ahmr-885	372	14	to	to	PART
ahmr-885	372	15	warn	warn	VERB
ahmr-885	372	16	ortom	ortom	NOUN
ahmr-885	372	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	373	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	373	2	cable	cable	NOUN
ahmr-885	373	3	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	374	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	374	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	374	3	https://www.thecable.ng	https://www.thecable.ng	X
ahmr-885	374	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	374	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	374	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	374	7	19	19	NUM
ahmr-885	374	8	may	may	PROPN
ahmr-885	374	9	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	374	10	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	374	11	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	375	1	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	375	2	humanitarian	humanitarian	NOUN
ahmr-885	375	3	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	375	4	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	375	5	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	375	6	2012	2012	NUM
ahmr-885	375	7	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	376	1	preventing	prevent	VERB
ahmr-885	376	2	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	376	3	between	between	ADP
ahmr-885	376	4	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	376	5	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	376	6	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	376	7	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	377	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	377	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	377	3	https://bit.ly/2m2jtae	https://bit.ly/2m2jtae	X
ahmr-885	377	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	377	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	377	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	377	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	377	8	may	may	PROPN
ahmr-885	377	9	4	4	NUM
ahmr-885	377	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	377	11	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	377	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	377	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	378	1	olaniyan	olaniyan	ADJ
ahmr-885	378	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	378	3	a.	a.	NOUN
ahmr-885	378	4	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	378	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	379	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	379	2	fulani	fulani	PROPN
ahmr-885	379	3	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	379	4	konkomba	konkomba	NOUN
ahmr-885	379	5	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	379	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	379	7	management	management	NOUN
ahmr-885	379	8	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ahmr-885	379	9	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	379	10	gushiegu	gushiegu	PROPN
ahmr-885	379	11	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	379	12	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ahmr-885	379	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	380	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ahmr-885	380	2	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	380	3	applied	apply	VERB
ahmr-885	380	4	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	380	5	research	research	NOUN
ahmr-885	380	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	380	7	10(3	10(3	NUM
ahmr-885	380	8	):	):	PUNCT
ahmr-885	380	9	330	330	NUM
ahmr-885	380	10	-	-	SYM
ahmr-885	380	11	340	340	NUM
ahmr-885	380	12	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	381	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	381	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	381	3	doi:10.1080/19361610.2015.1038763	doi:10.1080/19361610.2015.1038763	PROPN
ahmr-885	381	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	381	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	381	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	381	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	381	8	march	march	PROPN
ahmr-885	381	9	10	10	NUM
ahmr-885	381	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	381	11	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	381	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	381	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	382	1	olaniyan	olaniyan	ADJ
ahmr-885	382	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	382	3	a.	a.	PROPN
ahmr-885	382	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	382	5	francis	francis	PROPN
ahmr-885	382	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	382	7	m.	m.	NOUN
ahmr-885	382	8	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	382	9	okeke	okeke	ADJ
ahmr-885	382	10	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	382	11	uzodike	uzodike	ADJ
ahmr-885	382	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	382	13	u.	u.	NOUN
ahmr-885	382	14	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	382	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	383	1	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	383	2	cattle	cattle	NOUN
ahmr-885	383	3	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	383	4	‘	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	383	5	ghanaians	ghanaian	NOUN
ahmr-885	383	6	’	'	PUNCT
ahmr-885	383	7	but	but	CCONJ
ahmr-885	383	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	383	9	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	383	10	are	be	AUX
ahmr-885	383	11	strangers	stranger	NOUN
ahmr-885	383	12	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	383	13	farmer	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	383	14	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	383	15	herder	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	383	16	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	383	17	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	383	18	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN
ahmr-885	383	19	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	383	20	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	383	21	pastoralist	pastoralist	ADJ
ahmr-885	383	22	question	question	NOUN
ahmr-885	383	23	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	383	24	agogo	agogo	PROPN
ahmr-885	383	25	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	383	26	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ahmr-885	383	27	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	384	1	african	african	ADJ
ahmr-885	384	2	studies	study	NOUN
ahmr-885	384	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
ahmr-885	384	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	384	5	15(2	15(2	NUM
ahmr-885	384	6	):	):	PUNCT
ahmr-885	384	7	53	53	NUM
ahmr-885	384	8	-	-	SYM
ahmr-885	384	9	67	67	NUM
ahmr-885	384	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	385	1	opanike	opanike	PROPN
ahmr-885	385	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	385	3	a.	a.	NOUN
ahmr-885	385	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	385	5	aduloju	aduloju	PROPN
ahmr-885	385	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	385	7	a.a	a.a	PROPN
ahmr-885	385	8	.	.	PROPN
ahmr-885	385	9	2015	2015	NUM
ahmr-885	385	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	386	1	ecowas	ecowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	386	2	protocol	protocol	PROPN
ahmr-885	386	3	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	386	4	free	free	ADJ
ahmr-885	386	5	movement	movement	NOUN
ahmr-885	386	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	386	7	trans	trans	ADJ
ahmr-885	386	8	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	386	9	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	386	10	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	386	11	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	386	12	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	386	13	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	386	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	387	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ahmr-885	387	2	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	387	3	civil	civil	ADJ
ahmr-885	387	4	legal	legal	ADJ
ahmr-885	387	5	sciences	science	NOUN
ahmr-885	387	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	387	7	4(154	4(154	PROPN
ahmr-885	387	8	):	):	PUNCT
ahmr-885	387	9	13	13	NUM
ahmr-885	387	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	388	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	388	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	388	3	doi:10.4172/2169	doi:10.4172/2169	ADV
ahmr-885	388	4	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	388	5	0170.1000154	0170.1000154	NOUN
ahmr-885	388	6	>	>	X
ahmr-885	388	7	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	388	8	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	388	9	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	388	10	march	march	PROPN
ahmr-885	388	11	15	15	NUM
ahmr-885	388	12	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	388	13	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	388	14	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	388	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	389	1	sahel	sahel	PROPN
ahmr-885	389	2	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	389	3	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	389	4	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	389	5	club	club	PROPN
ahmr-885	389	6	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	390	1	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	390	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	391	1	maps	map	NOUN
ahmr-885	391	2	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	391	3	facts	fact	NOUN
ahmr-885	391	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	391	5	no	no	INTJ
ahmr-885	391	6	.	.	NOUN
ahmr-885	391	7	65	65	NUM
ahmr-885	391	8	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	391	9	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	391	10	<	<	X
ahmr-885	391	11	www.oecd.org/swac/maps	www.oecd.org/swac/maps	PRON
ahmr-885	391	12	>	>	X
ahmr-885	391	13	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	391	14	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	391	15	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	391	16	april	april	PROPN
ahmr-885	391	17	12	12	NUM
ahmr-885	391	18	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	391	19	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	391	20	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	391	21	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	391	22	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	391	23	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	392	1	tall	tall	ADJ
ahmr-885	392	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	392	3	o.	o.	PROPN
ahmr-885	392	4	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	392	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	393	1	herders	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	393	2	versus	versus	ADP
ahmr-885	393	3	farmers	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	393	4	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	393	5	resolving	resolve	VERB
ahmr-885	393	6	deadly	deadly	ADJ
ahmr-885	393	7	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	393	8	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	393	9	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	393	10	sahel	sahel	PROPN
ahmr-885	393	11	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	393	12	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	393	13	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	393	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	394	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	394	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	394	3	www.oecdinsights.org/2018/04/16	www.oecdinsights.org/2018/04/16	X
ahmr-885	394	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	394	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	394	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	394	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	394	8	march	march	PROPN
ahmr-885	394	9	3	3	NUM
ahmr-885	394	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	394	11	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	394	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	394	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	394	14	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	394	15	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	395	1	tonah	tonah	NOUN
ahmr-885	395	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	395	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ahmr-885	395	4	2006	2006	NUM
ahmr-885	395	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	396	1	managing	manage	VERB
ahmr-885	396	2	farmer	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	396	3	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	396	4	herder	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	396	5	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	396	6	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	396	7	ghana	ghana	PROPN
ahmr-885	396	8	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	397	1	ibadan	ibadan	PROPN
ahmr-885	397	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ahmr-885	397	3	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	397	4	social	social	ADJ
ahmr-885	397	5	sciences	science	NOUN
ahmr-885	397	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	397	7	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ahmr-885	397	8	):	):	PUNCT
ahmr-885	397	9	35	35	NUM
ahmr-885	397	10	-	-	SYM
ahmr-885	397	11	45	45	NUM
ahmr-885	397	12	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	397	13	https://www.thecable.ng/	https://www.thecable.ng/	VERB
ahmr-885	398	1	http://www.oecd.org/swac/maps	http://www.oecd.org/swac/map	NOUN
ahmr-885	398	2	http://www.oecdinsights.org/2018/04/16	http://www.oecdinsights.org/2018/04/16	NOUN
ahmr-885	398	3	adzande	adzande	NOUN
ahmr-885	398	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	398	5	p.	p.	NOUN
ahmr-885	398	6	1673	1673	NUM
ahmr-885	399	1	unah	unah	PROPN
ahmr-885	399	2	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	399	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ahmr-885	399	4	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	399	5	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	400	1	nigeria	nigeria	PROPN
ahmr-885	400	2	’s	’s	PART
ahmr-885	400	3	herder	herder	NOUN
ahmr-885	400	4	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	400	5	farmer	farmer	NOUN
ahmr-885	400	6	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	400	7	affects	affect	VERB
ahmr-885	400	8	future	future	NOUN
ahmr-885	400	9	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	400	10	thousands	thousand	NOUN
ahmr-885	400	11	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	400	12	children	child	NOUN
ahmr-885	400	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	401	1	trt	trt	NOUN
ahmr-885	401	2	world	world	NOUN
ahmr-885	401	3	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	402	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	402	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	402	3	https://www.trtworld.com	https://www.trtworld.com	X
ahmr-885	402	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	402	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	402	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	402	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	402	8	march	march	PROPN
ahmr-885	402	9	10	10	NUM
ahmr-885	402	10	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	402	11	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	402	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	402	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	403	1	united	united	PROPN
ahmr-885	403	2	nations	nations	PROPN
ahmr-885	403	3	economic	economic	PROPN
ahmr-885	403	4	commission	commission	PROPN
ahmr-885	403	5	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	403	6	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	403	7	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	403	8	uneca	uneca	PROPN
ahmr-885	403	9	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	403	10	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	404	1	2017	2017	NUM
ahmr-885	404	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	405	1	new	new	ADJ
ahmr-885	405	2	fringe	fringe	NOUN
ahmr-885	405	3	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	405	4	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	405	5	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ahmr-885	405	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	405	7	insecurity	insecurity	NOUN
ahmr-885	405	8	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	405	9	development	development	NOUN
ahmr-885	405	10	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	405	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	405	12	horn	horn	NOUN
ahmr-885	405	13	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	405	14	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	405	15	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	405	16	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	405	17	sahel	sahel	PROPN
ahmr-885	405	18	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	406	1	from	from	ADP
ahmr-885	406	2	<	<	X
ahmr-885	406	3	www.uneca.org	www.uneca.org	X
ahmr-885	406	4	>	>	X
ahmr-885	406	5	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	406	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ahmr-885	406	7	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	406	8	may	may	PROPN
ahmr-885	406	9	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	406	10	12	12	NUM
ahmr-885	406	11	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	406	12	2019	2019	NUM
ahmr-885	406	13	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	406	14	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	407	1	united	united	PROPN
ahmr-885	407	2	nations	nations	PROPN
ahmr-885	407	3	office	office	PROPN
ahmr-885	407	4	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	407	5	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	407	6	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	407	7	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	407	8	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	407	9	sahel	sahel	PROPN
ahmr-885	407	10	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	407	11	unowas	unowas	PROPN
ahmr-885	407	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	407	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	408	1	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	408	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	408	3	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	408	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	408	5	security	security	NOUN
ahmr-885	408	6	in	in	ADP
ahmr-885	408	7	west	west	PROPN
ahmr-885	408	8	africa	africa	PROPN
ahmr-885	408	9	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	408	10	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	408	11	sahel	sahel	PROPN
ahmr-885	408	12	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	408	13	towards	towards	ADP
ahmr-885	408	14	peaceful	peaceful	ADJ
ahmr-885	408	15	coexistence	coexistence	NOUN
ahmr-885	408	16	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	408	17	unowas	unowas	ADJ
ahmr-885	408	18	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	408	19	dakar	dakar	NOUN
ahmr-885	408	20	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	408	21	senegal	senegal	PROPN
ahmr-885	408	22	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	409	1	united	united	PROPN
ahmr-885	409	2	nations	nations	PROPN
ahmr-885	409	3	world	world	PROPN
ahmr-885	409	4	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	409	5	programme	programme	NOUN
ahmr-885	409	6	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	409	7	wfp	wfp	PROPN
ahmr-885	409	8	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	409	9	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	410	1	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	410	2	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	411	1	global	global	ADJ
ahmr-885	411	2	report	report	NOUN
ahmr-885	411	3	on	on	ADP
ahmr-885	411	4	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	411	5	crises	crisis	NOUN
ahmr-885	411	6	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	411	7	world	world	NOUN
ahmr-885	411	8	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	411	9	programme	programme	NOUN
ahmr-885	411	10	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	411	11	wfp	wfp	PROPN
ahmr-885	411	12	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	411	13	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	411	14	rome	rome	PROPN
ahmr-885	411	15	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	411	16	italy	italy	PROPN
ahmr-885	411	17	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	412	1	velasco	velasco	PROPN
ahmr-885	412	2	-	-	PUNCT
ahmr-885	412	3	gil	gil	PROPN
ahmr-885	412	4	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	412	5	g.	g.	PROPN
ahmr-885	412	6	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	412	7	maru	maru	PROPN
ahmr-885	412	8	,	,	PUNCT
ahmr-885	412	9	n.	n.	PROPN
ahmr-885	412	10	2018	2018	NUM
ahmr-885	412	11	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	413	1	crossing	cross	VERB
ahmr-885	413	2	boundaries	boundary	NOUN
ahmr-885	413	3	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	413	4	legal	legal	ADJ
ahmr-885	413	5	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	413	6	policy	policy	NOUN
ahmr-885	413	7	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN
ahmr-885	413	8	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	413	9	cross	cross	ADJ
ahmr-885	413	10	-	-	ADJ
ahmr-885	413	11	border	border	ADJ
ahmr-885	413	12	pastoralism	pastoralism	NOUN
ahmr-885	413	13	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	414	1	rome	rome	PROPN
ahmr-885	414	2	:	:	PUNCT
ahmr-885	414	3	food	food	NOUN
ahmr-885	414	4	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	414	5	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN
ahmr-885	414	6	organization	organization	NOUN
ahmr-885	414	7	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	414	8	fao	fao	PROPN
ahmr-885	414	9	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	414	10	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	414	11	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	414	12	united	united	PROPN
ahmr-885	414	13	nations	nations	PROPN
ahmr-885	414	14	and	and	CCONJ
ahmr-885	414	15	the	the	DET
ahmr-885	414	16	international	international	ADJ
ahmr-885	414	17	union	union	NOUN
ahmr-885	414	18	for	for	ADP
ahmr-885	414	19	conservation	conservation	NOUN
ahmr-885	414	20	of	of	ADP
ahmr-885	414	21	nature	nature	NOUN
ahmr-885	414	22	(	(	PUNCT
ahmr-885	414	23	iucn	iucn	PROPN
ahmr-885	414	24	)	)	PUNCT
ahmr-885	414	25	.	.	PUNCT
ahmr-885	415	1	https://www.trtworld.com/	https://www.trtworld.com/	PROPN
ahmr-885	415	2	http://www.uneca.org/	http://www.uneca.org/	X