item: #1 of 115 id: ajam-100 author: *Benazir Ali Bhutto; Malik Mian Hussain; Moeen Mazar title: Substantial factors that can influence the Economic growth of Pakistan date: 2014 words: 8100 flesch: 54 summary: Knowledge is being considered as an important and endogenous determinant of Economic growth. Technology is very essential to enhance the productivity of factor of production and economic growth. keywords: capital; countries; country; fdi; goods; growth; impact; investment; labor; liberalization; openness; pakistan; results; run; technology; trade cache: ajam-100.pdf plain text: ajam-100.txt item: #2 of 115 id: ajam-102 author: Esmond G. Douglas title: Marketing strategies implemented by garment-making micro-enterprises in Kenya date: 2014 words: 4348 flesch: 58 summary: However, there is limited research that has looked at the enterprises from a marketing strategy perspective in terms of the type of marketing strategies that are embraced. Key words: Garment-making, micro and small enterprises, marketing strategies. keywords: customers; enterprises; garment; making; marketing; micro; product; results; strategies; strategy cache: ajam-102.pdf plain text: ajam-102.txt item: #3 of 115 id: ajam-105 author: *Halim Daim Francis; Shoba Hakim Hong; Dato Hiew Sulong title: Effects of emotional intelligence, communication effectiveness and strategic alignment in an Organizations performance date: 2014 words: 3533 flesch: 35 summary: Emotional intelligence and age Mayer et al. (2000) found that emotional intelligence is also related to age. Relationship between EI and communication effectiveness Scientists of emotional intelligence theory argue that emotional intelligence leads to improved communication Relationship between managers and employees Communication Emotional Effectiveness Intelligence Figure 1. keywords: alignment; communication; communication effectiveness; effectiveness; intelligence; relationship; study cache: ajam-105.pdf plain text: ajam-105.txt item: #4 of 115 id: ajam-108 author: Chukwendo D. Macaulay title: Measures to Eradicate Child Labour in the Agricultural commodity Labour markets date: 2014 words: 5083 flesch: 54 summary: Child labour is maybe one of the most striking indicators identifying vulnerable children and as such pointing to shortcomings in several of the millennium goals as poverty eradication (1), education for all (2), gender equality (3), discrimination of girls towards education and traditional burdens put on girls in their own households as reasons for child labour, combating HIV/AIDS (6) AIDS orphanages as another reason for child labour, and developing a global partnership for development (8), including developing descent and productive work for youths since child labour in its worst forms often has cross border links and that decent and productive work for youths are undermined by the existence of child labour. It is recommended in this paper that the legislator should enact laws that will reduce agricultural child labour through redistribution of the nation’s resources, women should be integrated in the fight to combat child labour and that alternative income sources should be provided for rural families whose children are the most vulnerable. keywords: child; child labour; children; development; education; family; ilo; labour; nigeria; poverty; school; work cache: ajam-108.pdf plain text: ajam-108.txt item: #5 of 115 id: ajam-113 author: Ranvid Kumar; Amartya Chandra; Ajith Sanjay title: The rural market and its untapped Potentials for marketers date: 2015 words: 3449 flesch: 54 summary: At this juncture, a modest attempt is made in this paper to comprehend rural market environment through rural population growth, villages by population range, occupation, income and expenditure pattern of rural population, rural households by possession of assets and rural development programmes. Since 1901, the growth and proportion of rural population are moving in opposite directions in India. keywords: areas; development; households; income; india; percent; population; programme; total; villages cache: ajam-113.pdf plain text: ajam-113.txt item: #6 of 115 id: ajam-117 author: Okonkwo T. Vincent title: Customers Patronage with regards to physical architecture: A survey on banks in Southern Nigeria date: 2015 words: 4484 flesch: 47 summary: For example, bank customers were angry at delays they attributed to the bank when they observed tellers waiting for their computers to respond. Customer service: Career success through profit margin, (4 th Ed), New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. keywords: architecture; banks; correlation; customer; patronage; profit; retention; sales; service; south; volume cache: ajam-117.pdf plain text: ajam-117.txt item: #7 of 115 id: ajam-120 author: Fazlur Al Hasan; Zaiur R. Alam; Maqsudul V. I title: Multi-dimensional measures to better loyalty beha date: 2015 words: 6620 flesch: 56 summary: -2.731 .008 Dependent variable: brand loyalty; adjusted R square: 0.459: F: 11.085, P<.000. results of brand loyalty measure when deodorant purchase is concerned with only notable exception that prediction of brand loyalty gives a better result when all the facets of involvement are retained. Brand loyalty has been shown to be associated with higher rates of return on investment due to increase in the market share. keywords: brand; brand loyalty; coefficients; consumers; influence; involvement; items; loyalty; product; research; scale; study; validity cache: ajam-120.pdf plain text: ajam-120.txt item: #8 of 115 id: ajam-123 author: Feng ziping; Zhuo Qingdong; Shen Yifu Lin title: Significance of last name on acquisition timing in China date: 2015 words: 6105 flesch: 55 summary: For example, in China where an interdependent culture is mainstream, in order to keep harmonious relationship, students are generally shy and avoid showing off, teachers hence tend to initiate class interaction and assign tasks or duties by calling student names; therefore, students with last name locating earlier in the register sheet are more likely and more frequently to be assigned duties and challenges. First, we present a detailed conceptualization of the last name effect, showing a general hypothesis about surname effect on consumers’ choice making and the speed of it. keywords: acquisition; correlation; effect; letter; pinyin alphabet; student; surname; time cache: ajam-123.pdf plain text: ajam-123.txt item: #9 of 115 id: ajam-125 author: * Hisham Heweny; Omar K. V.; Abu Ahmed Suleiman title: The relationship between corporate reputation and consumer brand preferences in the soft drink market in Egypt date: 2015 words: 4871 flesch: 51 summary: Measures of corporate reputation The mounting interest in corporate reputation research spurred researchers to develop a variety of different construct measures for both academic and practitioner use. The involvement of corporate reputation studies in multi- ple disciplines has caused it to have numerous definitions (Mahon, 2002; Lewellyn, 2002; Barnett et al, 2006). keywords: brand; consumers; customer; model; preference; products; relationship; reputation; research; services; table cache: ajam-125.pdf plain text: ajam-125.txt item: #10 of 115 id: ajam-126 author: Martha Iman Waiguru title: Various factors that can influence the adoption of sales force automation and analyze their effect on technology adoption date: 2015 words: 3725 flesch: 51 summary: Mark. used to determine the effects of the independent variables on sales force technology adoption among insurance sales agents. Sales technology enables sales people answering the queries of customers to effectively provide competent solutions. keywords: adoption; agents; characteristics; force; insurance; sales; salesperson; sfa; study; system; technology cache: ajam-126.pdf plain text: ajam-126.txt item: #11 of 115 id: ajam-127 author: Adebankole Anthony Abiola title: Areas to which micro scale enterprises apply marketing mix strategies date: 2015 words: 2423 flesch: 54 summary: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Marketing mix strategy Objective 1 which sought to investigate the type of marketing mix strategies used by micro and small scale enterprises in Osun State was achieved using questions on the type of marketing mix strategy used by the enterprises. The extent of application of marketing mix strategy Objective 2 which sought to investigate the extent of application of marketing mix strategies by small and micro scale enterprises in Osun State was achieved using the questions on extent of application of marketing mix strategies by small and micro scale enterprises which was described and analyzed in Table 3. keywords: enterprises; marketing; micro; mix; scale; strategies cache: ajam-127.pdf plain text: ajam-127.txt item: #12 of 115 id: ajam-128 author: Fazlur Al Hasan title: A survey on the Effects of foreign debt servicing on per capita revenue growth rate in Pakistan date: 2015 words: 6225 flesch: 61 summary: Apparently, foreign debt increases the economic growth but if it gets accumulated beyond a specific limit, it can have devastating effects upon economic growth as proved by (Hasan 1999).The poor countries like Pakistan are getting more and more loans just to survive but it creates dependency on donors. Debt servicing is severely affecting economic growth of Pakistan by eating up major share of resources. keywords: ardl; debt; debt servicing; deficit; growth; level; model; pakistan; rate; results; run; servicing; variables cache: ajam-128.pdf plain text: ajam-128.txt item: #13 of 115 id: ajam-129 author: Mahlet Abitew; Bezabih Emana; Mengistu Ketema; Jeffreyson K. Mutimba; Jemal Yousuf title: Gender role in market supply of potato in Eastern Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia* date: 2015 words: 8936 flesch: 56 summary: In general, the definition of variables and the hypothesized signs of influence on potato market supply are summarized in Table1. The average age of male household heads was 35.38 years compared to 40.5 years for female headed households with the mean age difference between the two groups being statistically significant at 1percent level. keywords: access; analysis; ethiopia; female; households; information; level; livestock; male; market; percent; potato; production; quantity; study; supply; women cache: ajam-129.pdf plain text: ajam-129.txt item: #14 of 115 id: ajam-130 author: Simplice Tagro Guehi; Michael Dingkuhn; Emile Cros; Gérard Fourny; Robert Ratomahenina; Guy Moulin; Anne Clement Vidal title: Impact of cocoa processing technologies in free fatty acids formation in stored raw cocoa beans date: 2016 words: 3628 flesch: 62 summary: Cocoa beans of poor quality deteriorate much faster than cocoa beans of hight quality. Cocoa butter, the naturally fat, contained in cocoa beans is the only continuous phase of chocolate. keywords: beans; cocoa; cocoa beans; content; days; fermentation; ffa; formation; pods; quality; storage cache: ajam-130.pdf plain text: ajam-130.txt item: #15 of 115 id: ajam-131 author: Sutrisno Hadi Purnomo; Yi-Hsuan Lee; Soekartaw title: Why is understanding customer attitude toward 4Ps marketing mix important? The case of the livestock input industry in Indonesia date: 2016 words: 5247 flesch: 56 summary: Another study with Indonesia as a research setting, Martana (2002) concludes that livestock farmers in Jogjakarta, Indonesia, have different attitudes among customers size segment. Why is understanding customer attitude toward 4Ps marketing mix important? keywords: attitude; customer; input; livestock; marketing; mix; product; segments; size; strategy; study cache: ajam-131.pdf plain text: ajam-131.txt item: #16 of 115 id: ajam-132 author: V. Abankwah; R. Aidoo; B. Tweneboah-Koduah title: Margins and economic viability of fresh coconut marketing in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana date: 2016 words: 4727 flesch: 58 summary: The study was conducted in the Kumasi metropolis of the Ashanti region of Ghana to examine the margins and economic viability of fresh coconut marketing. The study revealed that fresh coconut marketing in the Kumasi metropolis is a viable venture that employs people within the economically active age group. keywords: capital; coconut; cost; distribution; margin; marketing; profit; table; wholesalers cache: ajam-132.pdf plain text: ajam-132.txt item: #17 of 115 id: ajam-133 author: Endrias Geta; Asfaw Kifle title: Production, processing and marketing of ginger in Southern Ethiopia date: 2016 words: 5203 flesch: 58 summary: Ginger growing farmers of the region also use approximately similar seed rate with that of research recommendation which falls in the range of 17 to 28 qt/ha. ginger production were purposely selected for the study. keywords: ethiopia; farmers; ginger; market; marketing; planting; price; production; rhizomes; season cache: ajam-133.pdf plain text: ajam-133.txt item: #18 of 115 id: ajam-134 author: Hasan Vura; Halil Fidan title: Land marketing and hedonic price model in Turkish markets: Case study of Karacabey district of Bursa province date: 2016 words: 4143 flesch: 60 summary: Value of Size of Salty (%) Phosphorus pH Saturated Potassium Organic Distance to land land (da) water matter farm Land value 1.00 -0.07 -0.21 0.31 0.24 0.36 0.11 0.15 0.14 Size of land(da) -0.07 1.00 0.36 0.49 0.68 0.14 0.43 0.80 0.25 Salty (%) -0.21 0.36 1.00 0.03 0.37 -0.13 0.06 0.21 0.10 Phosphate 0.31 0.49 0.03 1.00 0.59 0.64 0.49 0.65 0.09 pH 0.24 0.68 0.37 0.59 1.00 0.44 0.38 0.68 0.34 Saturated water 0.36 0.14 -0.13 0.64 0.44 1.00 0.29 0.29 -0.04 Potassium 0.11 0.43 0.06 0.49 0.38 0.29 1.00 0.40 0.45 Org. matter 0.15 0.80 0.21 0.65 0.68 0.29 0.40 1.00 0.13 Dist. The relationship between land prices and affected well factors have been studied in the hedonic framework by Miranow- ski and Hammes (1984), Gardner and Barrows (1985), Ervin and Mill (1985), King and Sinden (1988) and Cas- well and Zilberman (1986). keywords: analysis; distance; econ; factors; farm; land; market; model; price; urban; value cache: ajam-134.pdf plain text: ajam-134.txt item: #19 of 115 id: ajam-135 author: L. W. Mauyo; J. R. Okalebo; A. Kirkby; R. Buruchara title: Legal and institutional constraints to Kenya-Uganda cross-border bean marketing date: 2016 words: 3941 flesch: 64 summary: border bean exports to Kenya and value: 2000. The objectives of the study were to identify and assess the legal and institutional constraints, which lead to informal bean trade in the border districts of Kenya and Uganda. keywords: bean; border; cross; exports; kenya; points; trade; uganda; volume cache: ajam-135.pdf plain text: ajam-135.txt item: #20 of 115 id: ajam-136 author: J. N. Nzomoi; J. K. Byaruhanga; H. K. Maritim; P. I. Omboto title: Determinants of technology adoption in the production of horticultural export produce in Kenya date: 2016 words: 5189 flesch: 48 summary: Educated producers and marketers have exposure to new technologies and innovations, are more receptive to new ideas and are more willing to adopt, hence the positive correlation between education and technology adoption. Full Length Research Paper Determinants of technology adoption in the production of horticultural export produce in Kenya J. N. Nzomoi1*, J. K. Byaruhanga1, H. K. Maritim2, P. I. Omboto2 1 Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O BOX 190, Kakamega, Kenya 2 Moi University, P. O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya. keywords: adoption; farmers; government; kenya; land; model; new; produce; production; technologies; technology cache: ajam-136.pdf plain text: ajam-136.txt item: #21 of 115 id: ajam-138 author: B. Jari; G. C. G. Fraser title: An analysis of institutional and technical factors influencing agricultural marketing amongst smallholder farmers in the Kat River Valley, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa date: 2016 words: 6904 flesch: 46 summary: In other words, the model was used to assess the odds of: informal market participation vs. not participating; and formal market participation versus not participating. Access to information was expected to influence market participation posi- tively; implying that households with access to information are more likely to participate in marketing, making use of formal markets. keywords: farmers; households; information; kat; market; marketing; model; participation; produce; river; smallholder; valley; value; variable cache: ajam-138.pdf plain text: ajam-138.txt item: #22 of 115 id: ajam-141 author: Jonas N. Chianu; Franklin Mairura; Isaac Ekise; Justina N. Chianu title: Farm input marketing in western Kenya: Challenges and opportunities date: 2016 words: 4772 flesch: 46 summary: Survey method A cross-section survey using structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 130 agro- input dealers randomly selected from 40 markets from 13 districts. Number of input dealers # % Increase Agro-input 2003 2004 2005 (2003-2005) keywords: agricultural; agro; credit; dealers; farm; farmers; input; kenya; market; services; smallholder; table cache: ajam-141.pdf plain text: ajam-141.txt item: #23 of 115 id: ajam-143 author: Arcelei Lopes Bambil title: Influence of modern technology on small familyowned farms in the Brazilian savannah region: A case study of a settlement in Mato Grosso do Sul State date: 2017 words: 5074 flesch: 47 summary: Full Length Research Paper Influence of modern technology on small family- owned farms in the Brazilian savannah region: In poor soils, typical of the Brazilian savannah, the necessity of modern technology requires the domination of more complex praxeologies. keywords: brazilian; case; cooperative; crops; praxeology; production; results; savannah; soil; technologies; technology; use; work cache: ajam-143.pdf plain text: ajam-143.txt item: #24 of 115 id: ajam-145 author: A. A. Akinola*; P. Owombo title: Economic analysis of adoption of mulching technology in yam production in Osun State, Nigeria date: 2017 words: 4694 flesch: 55 summary: The specific objectives were to examine the socio-economic characteristics of yam farmers; examine costs and returns to yam production; and determine the factors influencing the use of mulching in the study area. A priori expectation signs of the coefficients The multidisciplinary independent variables included farmer, farm and institutional factors postulated to influence technology adoption. keywords: adopters; adoption; cost; farmers; mulching; non; size; technology; yam cache: ajam-145.pdf plain text: ajam-145.txt item: #25 of 115 id: ajam-153 author: Ngeno Vincent; Langat B. K; Rop Wendi; Chepngeno W; Kipsat M. J title: Economic analysis of soil fertility restoration options in potato – bean of gardening intercropping in South – rift, Kenya date: 2017 words: 3269 flesch: 52 summary: Field experiments were carried out to evaluate soil fertility management options on potato-bean production in five districts in South-rift, Kenya (Narok, Bomet, Bureti, Kericho and Konoin). Efforts to compare soil fertility management options side- by-side are rather minimal in Kenya with research institutions preferring to test one technology at a time. keywords: farmers; fertility; land; management; options; return; soil cache: ajam-153.pdf plain text: ajam-153.txt item: #26 of 115 id: ajam-155 author: Fekadu Beyene title: Dismantling of common property, land use and pastoral livelihoods in eastern Ethiopia date: 2017 words: 8425 flesch: 50 summary: The formal land tenure policy that may involve the transfer of land use rights to other persons from a different clan or ethnic group can be a source of disputes (Figure 1). But efficiency in pastoral land use, which is characterized by a variable weather condition, can be achieved through retaining common property (Nugent and Sanchez, 1993). keywords: access; capital; change; clan; commons; development; ethiopia; grazing; land; management; pastoral; policy; property; resource; rights; state; use; water cache: ajam-155.pdf plain text: ajam-155.txt item: #27 of 115 id: ajam-157 author: Wellington Jogo; Eldad Karamura; Jerome Kubiriba; William Tinzaara; Anne Rietveld; Margaret Onyango; Michael Odongo title: Farmers’ awareness and application of banana Xanthomonas wilt control options: The case of Uganda and Kenya date: 2017 words: 6750 flesch: 54 summary: Practice Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of households households households households aware currently applying aware currently applying Cut down affected pseudo stem of affected plant 74 65 57 41 Cut down and dig up the whole mat of affected plants 59 41 45 39 Bury plant remains 49 32 6 2 Burn plant remains 23 8 4 - Heap affected plant remains and leave on ground 35 29 10 6 Left on ground but not heaped or buried 13 11 6 4 Remove male buds of affected plant with fork stick 82 67 12 8 Remove male buds with cutting tools 41 29 45 39 After cutting, clean tools (JIK/fire) With the exception of a few practices, more farmers under the EAHB system were applying BXW control measures than under Kayinja system (table 4), as the former is more important to the farmers‟ livelihoods and therefore farmers are more willing to invest in disease control in that system than in the latter. keywords: banana; bxw; control; countries; disease; farmers; households; kenya; measures; plant; production; system; uganda cache: ajam-157.pdf plain text: ajam-157.txt item: #28 of 115 id: ajam-184 author: D. B. Mignouna; V. M. Manyong; K. D. S. Mutabazi; E. M. Senkondo title: Determinants of adopting imazapyr-resistant maize for Striga control in Western Kenya: A double-hurdle approach D. B. Mignouna1,2*, V. M. Manyong1 , K. D. S. Mutab date: 2017 words: 7511 flesch: 55 summary: Suri (2011) showed that technology profitability, farmers’ training as well as observed and unobserved differences among farmers and across farming systems are the major determinants affecting maize technology adoption in Kenya. Also access of the introduced IRM was not included as determinant explaining adoption because access of the novel technology in the study area was mainly done through extension services and farmer’s social groups which were already hypothesized to influence IRM adoption. keywords: adoption; control; decision; extension; factors; farmers; household; irm; kenya; maize; model; new; perception; production; size; striga; technology cache: ajam-184.pdf plain text: ajam-184.txt item: #29 of 115 id: ajam-190 author: Akwasi Mensah - Bonsu; Akua Agyeiwaa-Afrane; John K. M. Kuwornu title: Efficiency of the plantain marketing system in Ghana: A co-integration analysis date: 2017 words: 6921 flesch: 56 summary: The Wald test results for market integration suggest that the long-run and short-run null hypotheses that plantain market real prices are integrated and a price change in a market is immediately transmitted to other markets, respectively, cannot be rejected. The following restrictions were tested on the OLS ∏ = − 1 estimation of the regression Equation (2): =1 Long-Run Market Integration Where ∏i and ∏ are (n×n) matrices; ∏ has a reduced rank r = n – Ho: Plantain market prices are integrated in the long-run, that is s; and εt is a (n×1) error vector. keywords: accra; error; ghana; integration; market; market integration; marketing; plantain; price; results; run; test; wholesale cache: ajam-190.pdf plain text: ajam-190.txt item: #30 of 115 id: ajam-194 author: Tomohide Sugino; Henny Mayrowani title: The determinants of cassava productivity and price under the farmers’ collaboration with the emerging cassava processors: A case study in East Lampung, Indonesia date: 2017 words: 4825 flesch: 54 summary: In order to overcome the unfavorable market conditions for cassava farmers, the local govern- ment of Lampung Province implemented the develop- ment of the Community’s Tapioca Processing Unit or ITTARA (Industry Tepung Tapioka Rakyat) in 1997. It should be noted that recent changes of global and local economic conditions provide cassava farmers with a unique opportunity to break the bottlenecks of current cassava production. keywords: area; cassava; cost; farmers; harvesting; lampung; price; processors; production; project; study; yield cache: ajam-194.pdf plain text: ajam-194.txt item: #31 of 115 id: ajam-196 author: Benjamin Okpukpara title: Credit constraints and adoption of modern cassava production technologies in rural farming communities of Anambra State, Nigeria date: 2017 words: 5321 flesch: 46 summary: The major findings are that though credit is important in adoption of modern cassava technologies, credit from informal institutions appears to be the major influencing factor in adoption of modern cassava production technologies. The adoption of modern cassava production technologies is an important route out of poverty for many in the developing world including Nigeria because of the major role cassava play in food security. keywords: adoption; cassava; cassava production; credit; farmers; institutions; production; production technologies; rural; technologies cache: ajam-196.pdf plain text: ajam-196.txt item: #32 of 115 id: ajam-198 author: Umeh S. I.; Mbah B. N title: Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop date: 2017 words: 3562 flesch: 63 summary: At four months after planting there was no significant difference in soil nitrogen between sole soybean and intercrop system, but soil nitrogen under sole soybean (0.135 mg kg ) and intercrop system (0.112 m kg) where on the average three times higher than the soil nitrogen in sole cassava (0.039 mg kg). At 8 and 12 MAP, soil nitrogen under intercrop has become significantly lower than that under soybean, suggesting that cassava the companion crop has taken up extra (fixed) nitrogen from the soil. keywords: cassava; nitrogen; soybean cache: ajam-198.pdf plain text: ajam-198.txt item: #33 of 115 id: ajam-201 author: A. Amarender Reddy title: Dynamics of the agricultural economy of Andhra Pradesh, India since the last five decades date: 2018 words: 8850 flesch: 54 summary: All the tables except GI and DI index indicates that the comparison of Telangana and Rayalaseema regions (in %) to Coastal region, that is, a value above 100 for Telangana region indicates that Telangana region‟s absolute value is more than Coastal‟s in that period, whereas less than 100 indicates that Telangana region‟s absolute value is less than Coastal‟s for that particular period. Historically, high yielding technology and agricultural intensification is suitable for increased agricultural growth in favourable regions (like Coastal), whether, the same is also applicable for less developed regions (like Rayalaseema and Telangana) where rainfed agriculture dominates or a new strategy is required is still not clear. keywords: area; change; coastal; districts; efficiency; growth; mean; rayalaseema; region; telangana; tfp cache: ajam-201.pdf plain text: ajam-201.txt item: #34 of 115 id: ajam-204 author: Okezie, C. A.; Amir, Baharuddin H title: Economic crossroads: The experiences of Nigeria and lessons from Malaysia date: 2018 words: 7229 flesch: 46 summary: Even the relatively high contribution of oil sector to the industrial sector contribution is being driven largely by crude production and not by the associated “core industrial” components like refining and petrochemicals. In 1999 the country returned to the path of civil democratic governance, economic growth has risen substantially, with an annual average of 7.4% in the last decade. keywords: country; development; economic; economy; exports; gdp; government; growth; malaysia; manufacturing; nigeria; oil; rate; sector cache: ajam-204.pdf plain text: ajam-204.txt item: #35 of 115 id: ajam-205 author: Oleke, J. M; Isinika, A. C title: Assessing the technical efficiency of commercial egg production in Tanzania for improved livelihoods date: 2018 words: 7249 flesch: 57 summary: Feed consumption had a mean of 10,881,347 TShs, constituting the major components of poultry production cost in both study areas, accounting for about 70% of production cost. This study was conducted in Kibaha district, Pwani region and Ilala district, Dar-es-Salaam region where there is a concentration of poultry farmers to feed the city of Dar-es-Salaam, currently estimated to accommodate over three million inhabitants. keywords: cost; efficiency; eggs; error; farmers; ilala; kibaha; mean; poultry; production; value; years cache: ajam-205.pdf plain text: ajam-205.txt item: #36 of 115 id: ajam-206 author: I. U. Odoemenem; J. A. Inakwu title: Economic analysis of rice production in Cross River State, Nigeria date: 2018 words: 3353 flesch: 59 summary: Specifically, the work aimed at examining the socio-economic characteristics of rice producers; identify the production constraints in rice production; identify the resources used for rice production; determine the gross margin and to determine the effect of production inputs on rice output in the study area. Full Length Research Paper Economic analysis of rice production in Cross River State, Nigeria I. U. Odoemenem1* and J. A. Inakwu2 1 Department of Agricultural Economic, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. keywords: area; cost; farmers; nigeria; output; production; rice; study; table cache: ajam-206.pdf plain text: ajam-206.txt item: #37 of 115 id: ajam-207 author: Darina Zaimova title: Institutional incentives and economic aspects of industrial relationships in the Italian agricultural sector date: 2018 words: 9224 flesch: 43 summary: The imbalanced relationship between small producers and their customers – processors or retailers, as well as the high level of fragmentation and low level of cooperation additionally complicates the retail system in most sectors of agricultural production. A large part of agricultural production is produced and realized through a relatively stable number of cooperatives (Table 1). keywords: analysis; cooperatives; economic; efficiency; enterprises; function; growth; institutions; level; market; organizations; output; production; results; sector; total; unit; value; working cache: ajam-207.pdf plain text: ajam-207.txt item: #38 of 115 id: ajam-208 author: A. Al-Abbad; M. Al-Jamal; Z. Al-Elaiw; F. Al-Shreed; H. Belaifa title: A study on the economic feasibility of date palm cultivation in the Al-Hassa Oasis of Saudi Arabia date: 2018 words: 3690 flesch: 68 summary: Date palm farmers of Al-Hassa were also found to be quality conscious, and they adopt diverse measures (pre to post harvest) to ensure quality production of dates. Our study on the economic feasibility of date palm cultivation in the Al-Hassa oasis of the Kingdom estimated the average annual yield of dates per palm to be 48.0 kg per palm with a selling price estimated at SR 4.00 per kg. keywords: arabia; cultivation; date; hassa; kingdom; palm; saudi cache: ajam-208.pdf plain text: ajam-208.txt item: #39 of 115 id: ajam-211 author: Sani, M. H.; Kushwaha, S; Abubakar, M. M.; Ayoola, G. B. title: Application of modified compromise weighted multiobjective programming in Fadama farming in Dass Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria date: 2018 words: 5215 flesch: 51 summary: The application of modified compromise weighted multi-objective programming to Fadama farming in Dass Local Government Area of Bauchi State was the main focus of the study. Key words: Organic farming, irrigation, multi-objective programming, Fadama farming. keywords: agriculture; area; employment; farm; fertilizer; ground; income; level; objective; use; water cache: ajam-211.pdf plain text: ajam-211.txt item: #40 of 115 id: ajam-212 author: Mohammed, B. T. title: Socio-economic analysis of melon production in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria date: 2018 words: 3614 flesch: 58 summary: Full Length Research Paper Socio-economic analysis of melon production in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria Mohammed, B. T. Human Resources Development Department, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM), Km.20 Ilorin-Lokoja Highway, P. M. B. 1525, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Accepted 22 October, 2017 This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of melon production in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State. keywords: area; farmers; farming; labour; melon; nigeria; production; study; total cache: ajam-212.pdf plain text: ajam-212.txt item: #41 of 115 id: ajam-213 author: Patrick Malope title: Prospects and challenges of seed sector privatisation date: 2018 words: 6993 flesch: 51 summary: The study found that the present system is such that the department of agricultural research (DAR) through its seed multiplication unit (SMU) dominates seed production and distribution, especially for open pollinated varieties. This has stifled private sector participation in seed production and distribution. keywords: botswana; distribution; government; participation; privatisation; production; sector; seed; seed production; seed sector; smu cache: ajam-213.pdf plain text: ajam-213.txt item: #42 of 115 id: ajam-214 author: Alireza Poursaeed; Mehdi Mirdamadi; Iraj Malekmohammadi; Jamal F. Hosseini title: The partnership models of agricultural sustainable development based on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in Iran date: 2019 words: 3714 flesch: 42 summary: A multiple criteria evaluation of sustainable agricultural development models using AHP. Key words: AHP, partnership, Iran, sustainable agricultural development. keywords: agriculture; ahp; alternatives; criteria; decision; development; farmers; models; partnership; sustainability cache: ajam-214.pdf plain text: ajam-214.txt item: #43 of 115 id: ajam-215 author: Tuba Başkonuş Direkçi title: Determination of the sacrifice rate in Turkey, Brazil and Italy: A comparison among countries date: 2019 words: 5374 flesch: 55 summary: After evaluating sacrifice ratio, within the disinflation periods, disinflation periods monetary policy affects sus-tainability and will be measured with “hysteria coefficient”. The approach here is to assume that the increase of periods among inflation periods, positively influence the output gap as well. keywords: disinflation; inflation; output; periods; rate; ratio; sacrifice; sacrifice ratio; study; turkey cache: ajam-215.pdf plain text: ajam-215.txt item: #44 of 115 id: ajam-216 author: Emmanuel Ekow Asmah title: Rural livelihood diversification and agricultural household welfare in Ghana date: 2018 words: 6466 flesch: 44 summary: But in terms of the size of the household, we find that the coefficient of household membership size appeared to be negative but statistically insignificant for the welfare of non-diversified households. Accepted 19 August, 2018 Sufficient time has elapsed since agricultural sector reforms got underway in Ghana and so this study examined how some selected proxies of the reforms have changed overtime and evaluated their relative importance in influencing rural livelihood diversification and household welfare. keywords: access; activities; diversification; education; farm; ghana; household; household welfare; livelihood; markets; members; sector; welfare cache: ajam-216.pdf plain text: ajam-216.txt item: #45 of 115 id: ajam-217 author: Benaissa Chidmi; Daniel Solís; E. Cabrera title: Analyzing the sources of technical efficiency among heterogeneous dairy farms: A quantile regression approach date: 2018 words: 4650 flesch: 60 summary: An unbalanced panel data including 1,151 farm observations from 2004 to 2008 was used to analyze the determinants of technical efficiency (TE) for dairy farms in the State of Wisconsin. Key words: Dairy farm, technical efficiency, quantile regression approach. keywords: dairy; effect; efficiency; farms; production; quantile; study; variable cache: ajam-217.pdf plain text: ajam-217.txt item: #46 of 115 id: ajam-218 author: Paul Omolo; Tana P; Mutebi C; Okwach E; ,Onyango H.; Okach K. O title: Analysis of avocado marketing in Trans-Nzoia district, Kenya date: 2018 words: 2744 flesch: 63 summary: Though most farmers considered size and quality in setting up avocado fruit prices, their fruit quality are poor. 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Bargain Market Price taker Prices of Size and Size of the Visit forces other quality of fruit and the market to farmers and fruit type of get prices size of the buyer fruit Methods used to determine market prices keywords: avocado; farmers; fruits; market; prices; retailers cache: ajam-218.pdf plain text: ajam-218.txt item: #47 of 115 id: ajam-219 author: Darlington Kahilu title: Monitoring and evaluation report of "the impact of information and communication technology service (ICTs) among end users in the ministry of agriculture and cooperatives in Zambia" date: 2018 words: 4851 flesch: 41 summary: Reasons for joining NAIS project. Reasons for joining ZARI project. keywords: agricultural; farmers; icts; information; nais; project; research; staff; technologies; zambia; zari cache: ajam-219.pdf plain text: ajam-219.txt item: #48 of 115 id: ajam-220 author: John Omiti1; Hellen Ommeh-Natu; Lydia Ndirangu; Nancy Laibuni; Nicholas Waiyaki title: Exploration of food security situation in the Nile basin region date: 2018 words: 6865 flesch: 51 summary: The study recommends a paradigm shift in technology for the Nile basin agriculture towards people-centered and pro-poor approaches to improve food production, agro-processing and regional trade. To boost food production will require effective technologies for example, certified seed and fertilizer, that are adapted to local conditions and realities, expansion of irrigated agriculture, reduction of post-harvest losses, improved infrastructure (for example, storage), innovations that promote value addition (agribusiness) and expansion of intra- regional agricultural trade. keywords: basin; basin countries; countries; egypt; fao; food; kenya; nile; nile basin; population; production; productivity; region; security; trade cache: ajam-220.pdf plain text: ajam-220.txt item: #49 of 115 id: ajam-221 author: Enid Katung; Louise Sperling; David Karanja; Andrew Farrow; Steeve Beebe title: Relative importance of common bean attributes and variety demand in the drought areas of Kenya date: 2019 words: 7204 flesch: 50 summary: Little is known regarding the connection between land allocation to common bean varieties (that is, variety demand) and relative importance of variety attributes (such as consumption or risk reducing characteristics). The total amount of common bean consumed (x) can be distinguished according to the intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of common bean varieties such as taste, cooking time, grain size and colour ( ϕ c ) they possess. keywords: analysis; area; attributes; bean; characteristics; consumption; demand; farm; glp2; household; production; red; study; varieties; variety cache: ajam-221.pdf plain text: ajam-221.txt item: #50 of 115 id: ajam-222 author: Femi Ogundele title: Factors influencing output commercialisation among small scale farmers in Nigeria date: 2020 words: 5477 flesch: 40 summary: While studies in Nigeria revealed varying degree of output commercialisation by smallholder farmers as well as variation in the driving factors across the country, none of the above studies, however, considered the temporal dynamics in household output commercialisation and the associated factors which is the main focus of this study. As such the proportion of output sold which is an index of household crop commercialisation (HCCI) increased significantly by 32 per cent between wave 2 and 3. Olanrewaju et al (2016) estimated HCCI of 0.83 among smallholder farming households in the Southwest, Nigeria which further confirmed the positive changes in HCCI in Nigeria. keywords: commercialisation; crop; determinants; factors; farmers; households; market; nigeria; output; price; smallholder; study; wave cache: ajam-222.pdf plain text: ajam-222.txt item: #51 of 115 id: ajam-223 author: Amelework Kassa; Ricardo Alía; Wubalem Tadesse; Valentin Pando; Felipe Bravo title: Seed germination and viability in two African Acacia species growing under different water stress levels date: 2020 words: 4784 flesch: 57 summary: RESULTS Seed germination occurred after 4.5 days in A. senegal and 4.3 days in A. seyal. Seed germination of seven Sahelian legume species. keywords: acacia; conditions; drought; germination; seeds; senegal; seyal; species; stress; total; water cache: ajam-223.pdf plain text: ajam-223.txt item: #52 of 115 id: ajam-224 author: Waseem Shahri; Inayatullah Tahir; Sheikh Tajamul Islam; Mushtaq Ahmad title: Response of some ornamental flowers of family Ranunculaceae to sucrose feeding date: 2020 words: 3108 flesch: 65 summary: A. vulgaris and C. ajacis exhibits abscission type of flower senescence, while senescence in Ranunculus asiaticus cultivars is characterized by initial wilting followed by abscission at later stage. The beneficial effect of sugars on flower senescence has been attributed to the supply of substrates for respiration, structural materials and osmoticum (Halevy and Mayak, 1979), and has been attributed to the suppression of ethylene biosynthesis or sensitivity to ethylene (Ichimura and Hisamatsu, 1999; Ichimura and Suto, 1999; Ichimura et al., 2000; Liao et al., 2000; Pun and Ichimura, 2003). keywords: ajacis; concentrations; flowers; life; mass; spikes; sucrose; vase cache: ajam-224.pdf plain text: ajam-224.txt item: #53 of 115 id: ajam-225 author: Ali Zakaria Babiker; Mohammad Ehsan Dulloo; M. A. Mustafa El Balla; El Tahir Ibrahim title: Effects of low cost drying methods on seed quality of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monech date: 2020 words: 5021 flesch: 63 summary: seed drying facilities, such as seed drying chambers, seed dryers, where the relative humidtiy of the drying environment is controlled (Ellis et al., 1985), may not be easily implemented in many developing countries due to the high cost of establishing, running and maintaining such facilities. Drying seeds improved the germination percentages in all drying cases (Table 2), which is a phenomenon demonstrated by many previous studies (Ellis et al., 1983; Kong and Zhang, 1998; Vodouhe et al., 2008). keywords: dryer; drying; gel; germination; methods; moisture; seed; shade; silica; sun cache: ajam-225.pdf plain text: ajam-225.txt item: #54 of 115 id: ajam-226 author: Huiping Bi; Mahender Aileni1; Peng Zhang title: Evaluation of cassava varieties for cassava mosaic disease resistance jointly by agro-inoculation screening and molecular markers date: 2020 words: 4249 flesch: 56 summary: To our knowledge, this is the first report of screening CMD resistance using cassava varieties from ASEAN region. RESULTS Screening of cassava varieties for CMD resistance by agro-inoculation After agro-inoculation of 18 cassava varieties with ACMV- NOg in a greenhouse, symptom development was monit- ored regularly. keywords: cassava; cmd; disease; dna; et al; figure; marker; mosaic; resistance; varieties cache: ajam-226.pdf plain text: ajam-226.txt item: #55 of 115 id: ajam-227 author: Adeduntan Sunday Adeniyi title: Effects of slash and burning on soil microbial diversity and abundance in the tropical rainforest ecosystem, Ondo State, Nigeria date: 2020 words: 4913 flesch: 58 summary: Regression type Regression equation R R2 Not significant 1 Between soil pH and bacteria -0.3866X + 7.591 0.4134 0.7719 0.488 2 Between soil pH and fungi -0.0234X + 5.3318 0.0731 0.0053 0.907 3 Between soil temperature and bacteria 0.3395X + 31.695 0.0686 0.631 0.913 4 Between soil temperature and fungi -5.07342X + 64.833 0.3490 0.533 0.565 5 Between soil moisture content and bacteria -12.1163X + 113.3511 0.8435 0.2115 0.073 6 Between soil moisture content and Fungi -3 It is important to understand the impact of slash and burn on soil microorganism, as they are crucial to the stability, regulation and functioning of all forest file:///C:\Users\user\Documents\REPUBLICATION\AGRICULTURAL%20SCIENCES\AppData\Local\Temp\www.internationalscholarsjournals.org ecosystems (Reichle, 1997). keywords: abundance; area; bacteria; burning; days; fungi; soil; study; table cache: ajam-227.pdf plain text: ajam-227.txt item: #56 of 115 id: ajam-228 author: Ashish Ojha; V. N. Sharma; Vinay Sharma title: An efficient protocol for in vitro clonal propagation of natural sweetener plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) date: 2020 words: 1869 flesch: 61 summary: Accepted 18 May, 2020 Leaf segments of Stevia were cultured on MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mg/L -1 ) of growth regulators (BAP and 2, 4-D). Highest rooting percentage was recorded on MS medium with 0.5 mg/L -1 IAA. keywords: bap; stevia cache: ajam-228.pdf plain text: ajam-228.txt item: #57 of 115 id: ajam-229 author: Bachir Raho Ghalem title: Antimicrobial activity evaluation of the oleoresin oil of Pistacia vera L. date: 2020 words: 2704 flesch: 57 summary: The antiseptic activity of P. lentiscus essential oils and its resin on different microorganisms has been reported by several researchers (Tassou and Nychas, 1995; Iauk et al., 1996; Ali-Shtayeh and Abu, 1999; Marone et al., 2001; Benhammou et al., 2008; Douissa et al., 2005) but the antimicrobial effect of Pistacia vera extracts precisely its oleoresin oils have not been studied so far (Duru et al., 2003; Kordali et al., 2003; Özçelika et al., 2005) . Key words: Essential oils, oleoresin of Pistacia vera L., strains tested, antimicrobial activity determination. keywords: activity; bacteria; oil; pistacia; proteus; vera cache: ajam-229.pdf plain text: ajam-229.txt item: #58 of 115 id: ajam-235 author: P. O. Fatoba; O. Rebecca Akolo title: The effects of some cryptogamic extracts on the primary productivity of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp date: 2020 words: 2905 flesch: 65 summary: The weight of seeds produced per plant treated was significantly higher than the untreated at 0.05% even most of those treated with plant extracts were better than those treated with karate (Table 2). This study showed that plant extracts are better than karate in boosting the primary productivity of cowpea. keywords: cold; cowpea; extracts; hot; number; plant; seeds cache: ajam-235.pdf plain text: ajam-235.txt item: #59 of 115 id: ajam-237 author: Henry de-Graft Acquah; Samuel Kwesi Ndzebah Dadzie title: An application of the von Cramon-Taubadel and Loy error correction models in analyzing asymmetric adjustment between retail and wholesale maize prices in Ghana date: 2020 words: 4901 flesch: 64 summary: Accepted 12 February, 2020 Previous studies analyzing asymmetric price transmission have been based on an econometric specification that is shown to be inconsistent with cointegration. In this article, tests for asymmetric price transmission that is consistent with cointegration is invoked and applied to the transmission of maize prices from the retail to the wholesale level in Kumasi in the Ashanti region of Ghana. keywords: asymmetry; econ; market; price; retail; test; transmission; wholesale cache: ajam-237.pdf plain text: ajam-237.txt item: #60 of 115 id: ajam-238 author: Guilherme Cunha Malafaia; Julio Otavio Jardim Barcellos; Eugênio Ávila Pedrozo; Maria Emilia Camargo title: Convention economics and coordination mechanisms in collective actions: The Uruguay certified beef case date: 2020 words: 8151 flesch: 43 summary: For the conventionalist authors, market coordination is based exclusively on market and price relations. Opinion coordination, on the contrary of domestic coordination but similar to market coordination, is not based on a direct experience, on the repetition of transactions or on memory. keywords: agents; beef; case; certification; convention; coordination; food; forms; market; meat; order; pcncu; process; production; products; program; quality; safety cache: ajam-238.pdf plain text: ajam-238.txt item: #61 of 115 id: ajam-239 author: Afari-Sefa Victor title: The dynamics of horticultural export value chains on the livelihood of small farm households in Southern Ghana date: 2020 words: 4396 flesch: 38 summary: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Inter-household landholdings and capital resource distribution Households decide whether or not to participate in the cultivation of horticultural export crops based on percei- ved benefits, opportunities and constraints considering the risks and probabilities of occurrence. It was observed that 78% of the sampled households were cultivators of horticultural export crops. keywords: cash; crops; cultivation; dummy; export; farm; food; horticulture; households; income; land cache: ajam-239.pdf plain text: ajam-239.txt item: #62 of 115 id: ajam-240 author: Idowu; Osuntogun; Oluwasola title: Effects of market deregulation on cocoa (Theobroma cacao) production in Southwest Nigeria date: 2020 words: 4135 flesch: 51 summary: This assertion makes education of cocoa farmers an important variable. The study found that after two decades of operating SAP and economic liberalization policy in the country, cocoa production still remains in the hands of smallholder operators with little application of chemical inputs to enhance output. keywords: cocoa; economic; farmers; government; log; nigeria; output; prices; production; sap cache: ajam-240.pdf plain text: ajam-240.txt item: #63 of 115 id: ajam-241 author: Daniel S. Ugwu; Ihechituru O. Kanu title: Effects of agricultural reforms on the agricultural sector in Nigeria date: 2020 words: 6314 flesch: 38 summary: According to Ikpi (1995) the document embodied the following, among other policies; a) Agricultural sector policies and strategies on food crops, livestock and fish production, industrial raw material (crop and by-products) production, and forest products and wildlife. Often it was a combination of two or more strategies to implement agricultural policies designed at different time periods. keywords: agricultural; development; economic; food; government; national; nigeria; period; policies; policy; production; reforms; research; sector; strategy cache: ajam-241.pdf plain text: ajam-241.txt item: #64 of 115 id: ajam-242 author: Abda Abdalla Emam; Ibrahim Nourien Malik title: Sheep marketing performance: A case study of Khartoum State, Sudan date: 2020 words: 3866 flesch: 57 summary: A guide to sheep marketing costs and margins The intention of this guide is to identify the basic concept of sheep marketing costs and margins. However, sheep marketing costs include labor, transport, loading/ unloading, feeding cost and/ or mortality, official payment, commission and other costs. keywords: cost; distribution; head; margins; marketing; sheep; total; truck cache: ajam-242.pdf plain text: ajam-242.txt item: #65 of 115 id: ajam-243 author: Imad Eldin Elfadil Abdel Karim; Ibrahim Sulieman Ismail title: Potential for agricultural trade in COMESA region: a comparative study of Sudan, Egypt and Kenya date: 2020 words: 3626 flesch: 56 summary: Different indicators and indices like instability index, production similarity index, comparative production performance index, export similarity index and revealed comparative advantage index were used. The results of production similarity index indicate differences in production patterns of the three countries. keywords: comesa; countries; egypt; index; production; sudan; trade cache: ajam-243.pdf plain text: ajam-243.txt item: #66 of 115 id: ajam-245 author: Elham Kahforoushan; Masoumeh Zarif; Ebrahim Badali Mashahir title: Prediction of added value of agricultural subsections using artificial neural networks: BoxJenkins and Holt-Winters methods date: 2020 words: 4584 flesch: 50 summary: Added value of agricultural section includes added value of each of agronomy, animal husbandry, fishery and forestry subsections. The government should take actions for increasing of added value growth through appropriate planning in order to maintain annual growth rate of Iran economy which is about 6% and considering almost 2.5% growth predicted for added value of agriculture section in spite of continuing of ascending process of added value of agricultural subsections. keywords: box; data; error; exponential; holt; method; model; network; neural; smoothing; value cache: ajam-245.pdf plain text: ajam-245.txt item: #67 of 115 id: ajam-246 author: A. J. Antonites; J. J. Haguma title: Assessing the innovative nature of the agricultural based small businesses in Rwanda - The case study of the coffee industry date: 2020 words: 9205 flesch: 49 summary: Product innovation. This implies that the farmers are aware of product innovation and yet their performance is bad. keywords: business; coffee; education; farmers; frw; innovation; market; new; performance; production; profit; rwanda; scale; table; years cache: ajam-246.pdf plain text: ajam-246.txt item: #68 of 115 id: ajam-247 author: Baki Aksu; K. Hüseyin Koç; Ahmet Kurtoğlu title: Production and marketing structure of large scale forestry products industry enterprises in Turkey date: 2020 words: 8011 flesch: 45 summary: FINDINGS The findings that was determined as the result of the questionnaires conducted at the large size enterprises in forest products industry (LSFPI), was reviewed under four headings namely: Technological structure; production structure; marketing concepts; prospects for the future. According to the answers provided by the management level of the enterprises regarding their technological structures (Table 1) 63.3% of such enterprises have relatively new machinery; and although 23.7% stated that they have the latest machinery in respect of machine parks, the forest products industry in Turkey is considerably behind the level that had been achieved by the developed countries. keywords: enterprises; export; forest products; industry; lack; machinery; marketing; markets; problems; production; products; products industry; scale; technology; total; turkey cache: ajam-247.pdf plain text: ajam-247.txt item: #69 of 115 id: ajam-248 author: G.O. Alufohai title: Sustainability of farm credit delivery by cooperatives and NGOs in Edo and Delta states, Nigeria date: 2020 words: 3023 flesch: 42 summary: Conclusion and Recommendations The study looked at the sustainability rates of NGOs and cooperatives in farm credit delivery through their subsidy dependence indices and capital formation rates. — The use of some quantitative techniques, inferential statistics and the calculation of capital formation rates. keywords: capital; cooperatives; credit; formation; loan; ngos; rate cache: ajam-248.pdf plain text: ajam-248.txt item: #70 of 115 id: ajam-249 author: Aiyeloja, Adedapo Ayo; Ajewole, Opeyemi Isaac title: Non-timber forest products’ marketing in Nigeria. A case study of Osun state date: 2020 words: 3546 flesch: 61 summary: The term non-timber forest product preferably called non-wood forest products in some regions of the world has been used (of recent) to replace minor forest product as it was formerly particularized. Key words: Forest products, NTFP, marketing, Nigeria. keywords: bushmeat; forest; fruit; margin; marketing; nigeria; ntfps; osun; products; state; stick; table; total cache: ajam-249.pdf plain text: ajam-249.txt item: #71 of 115 id: ajam-250 author: A. C. Odunze; M. T. Kudi; C. Daudu, J. Adeosun; G. Ayoola , I. Y. Amapu , S. T. Abu , A. Mando; G. Ezui; D. Constance title: Soil moisture stress mitigation for sustainable upland rice production in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria date: 2020 words: 4158 flesch: 60 summary: However, the highest bulk density obtained under the flat planting treatment (1.60 Mgm -3 ) is attributed to silt accumulation on the surface soil layer and formation of crust which hardened to increase surface soil bulk density (Ike, 1986, 1987) . Soil moisture content between treatments (Table 2) did not significantly differ between treatments, though the up- down slope treatment resulted in higher than all the other treatments and is followed by contour+ridge-tie treatments. keywords: contour; density; farmers; grain; moisture; nigeria; rice; ridging; slope; soil cache: ajam-250.pdf plain text: ajam-250.txt item: #72 of 115 id: ajam-251 author: Reddy, A. B.; Patti, M. S.; Reddy, K. M.; Reddy, K. M. title: Detection and diagnosis of tomato leaf curl virus infecting tomato in Northern Karnataka date: 2021 words: 4022 flesch: 52 summary: However, there is only slight variation among the isolates under study and there is greater variation when compared with the isolates/accessions (GenBank) from North India, North Eastern India and also of North Western India. And high amino acid homology of 96.8-99.6% among themselves and up to 57.10% with SiYVV- Madurai (AM259382) amino acid sequence diversity with the other North Indian isolates of begomo viruses and up to 29.00% diversity with tomato isolate ToLCCV-G18 (AJ 558119). keywords: bangalore; curl; dna; homology; india; isolates; karnataka; leaf; north; nucleotide; pcr; sequence; tolcv; tomato; virus cache: ajam-251.pdf plain text: ajam-251.txt item: #73 of 115 id: ajam-252 author: E.H.Goromela; R.P. Kwakkel , M.W.A. Verstegen; A.M. Katule title: Strategies to optimize the use of scavengeable feed resource base by smallholders in traditional poultry production systems in Africa: A review date: 2023 words: 6590 flesch: 59 summary: Studies on village poultry production systems in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia MSc. Gender issues in family poultry production systems in low income food deficit countries. keywords: crop; et al; feed; poultry; production; scavenging; sfrb; sonaiya; systems; village cache: ajam-252.pdf plain text: ajam-252.txt item: #74 of 115 id: ajam-253 author: S. N. Jena; A. B. Das title: Inter-population variation of chromosome and RAPD markers of Suaeda nudiflora (Willd.) Moq. a mangrove species in India date: 2023 words: 3858 flesch: 56 summary: The extent of genetic difference among different populations is an important measure of the diversity of that area. most of the studies that investigate S. 2 Table 1. Genotypes of S. nudiflora from different populations of Bhitarkanika mangrove forest, Orissa, India, with their physical characteristics and chromosome number. keywords: analysis; chromosome; dna; iii; markers; nudiflora; pop; populations; rapd cache: ajam-253.pdf plain text: ajam-253.txt item: #75 of 115 id: ajam-254 author: Larry Williams; Kelvin Smith title: Contextual analysis of Teff marketing: empirical evidence from Halaba, Lomie, Shenkora na Minjar and Tahtay Maichew date: 2023 words: 12447 flesch: 53 summary: The existence of illegal traders and brokers in the Teff value chain, poor monitoring of the illegal traders from government authorities, collusion of price by traders and usually the farmers are price takers, absence of strong marketing cooperatives, fluctuations and inflation of price of Teff crops price, lack of proper scale, traders store Teff for long time to manipulate the price (hoarding), lack of transport facilities to remote areas, high of tax rates and adulteration (mixing with others) are some of the problems raised by study participants. Though it might have its advantages and disadvantages, the participation of smallholder farmers in global Teff market is limited by the government’s export ban policy. keywords: cooperatives; crops; data; development; district; ethiopia; farmers; following; government; information; market; marketing; participants; policy; price; production; research; study; teff; teff crops; teff marketing; traders cache: ajam-254.pdf plain text: ajam-254.txt item: #76 of 115 id: ajam-255 author: Dauda A. O.; Salami; Oyeyinka, S.A.; Esan, O.T.; Arise, A.K; Asije A.R. title: An assessment of the preservative potentials of soursop (ANNONAMURICATA) seed oil on plantain and orange juice date: 2023 words: 4479 flesch: 60 summary: Keywords: Antioxidant properties, soursop seed oil, microbial load, proximate composition, shelf life, coating. Judging by the outcome of soursop seed oil on the samples, it could be said to have corroborated the report of Raybaudi-Massilia et al., 2015 that states that seed oils normally have antimicrobial property. keywords: annonamuricata; brix; content; et al; juice; oil; orange; plantain; seed; seed oil; soursop; soursop seed cache: ajam-255.pdf plain text: ajam-255.txt item: #77 of 115 id: ajam-256 author: Giridhar Kalidasu title: Use of male gametocide: An alternative to cumbersome emasculation in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) date: 2023 words: 3710 flesch: 58 summary: The results indicated that none of the gametocides evaluated resulted in pollen sterility and pollen germination was unaffected. Pollen sterility and pollen germination Among the gametocides studied none have shown any significant gametocidic effect on pollen except for 2, 4-D. Pollen sterility among the treatments ranged from 0 - 23.2%. keywords: emasculation; germination; hydrazide; maleic; plants; pollen; ppm; sterility; use cache: ajam-256.pdf plain text: ajam-256.txt item: #78 of 115 id: ajam-257 author: M. Jannati; R. Fotouhi; A. Pourjan Abad; Zivar Salehi title: Genetic diversity analysis of Iranian citrus varieties using micro satellite (SSR) based markers date: 2023 words: 3391 flesch: 57 summary: Type of cultivar Common name Genus and species Natural hybrid or bud mutation Yuzo Citrus junos Sieb Trifoliate Orange Poncirus trifoliata Kumquat Fortunella Sp. Clemantin Citrus reticulata Blanco Satsuma Mandarin Citrus unshiu Marcovich King or Sweet Orange Citrus nobilis Pineapple Orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Washington Navel Orange Citrus sinensis Siahvaraz Citrus sinensis Bud mutation Moallemkoh Citrus sinensis Bud mutation Kotra 2 - 4 - Natural hybrid Kotra 1 - 4 - Natural hybrid Shalmahaleh - Natural hybrid Mexican Lime Citrus aurantifolia Sweet Lime Citrus aurantifolia (L.) Sour Orange Citrus aurantium (L.) INTRODUCTION Citrus plants are cultivated in the North and South of IRAN. keywords: analysis; citrus; cluster; germplasm; kotra; lemon; markers; microsatellite; orange; species cache: ajam-257.pdf plain text: ajam-257.txt item: #79 of 115 id: ajam-258 author: Mehdi- Younessi Hamzekhanlu; Ali Izadi-Darbandi; Nejat Pirvali-Beiranvand; Mohammad Taher-Hallajian; Abbas Majdabadi title: Genetic Diversity and Morphological Characterization of M7 Soybean Mutant Lines Using RAPD Markers date: 2024 words: 3566 flesch: 61 summary: After the creation of mutant lines genetic diversity of these lines can be monitored using morphological as well as genetic based tools, DNA techniques (Bennici et al., 2003) and advanced molecular methods (Barazani et al., 2002; Analysis of variance of studied traits in M7 generation of soybean mutant lines and parent cultivar M17. keywords: cultivar; lines; markers; mutant; number; parent; plant; rapd; soybean; traits; weight cache: ajam-258.pdf plain text: ajam-258.txt item: #80 of 115 id: ajam-259 author: Mostafavi Khodadad title: Impact of Salinity on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) date: 2024 words: 3653 flesch: 62 summary: Mohammed et al. (2002) reported that by NaCl levels germination percentage decreased and mean germination time increased proportionately. Pre - sowing seed treatment - a shotgun approach to improve germination growth and crop yield under saline and none-saline conditions, Adv. keywords: genotypes; germination; growth; length; root; safflower; salinity; salt; seed; stress cache: ajam-259.pdf plain text: ajam-259.txt item: #81 of 115 id: ajam-260 author: Zahra khodarahmpour title: Graphical Analysis of Genetic Control of Diverse Traits in Maize Inbred Lines date: 2024 words: 3491 flesch: 63 summary: Considering the average degree of dominance, as well as the Hayman graphical plot, dominance effects were observed for grain yield and plant growth period traits over dominance, complete dominance for grain diameter and additive gene action with partial dominance for ASI, grain filling period, grain number in row, grain number in ear, grain row number in ear, ear diameter, grain depth, 1000 grain weight and hektolitr weight traits. Also, Srdic et al. (2007) found that dominant gene effects were more significant in maize grain yield and number of grains per row, while additive gene effects were more important for grain row number and 1000 grain weight. keywords: action; ear; gene; grain; number; row; weight; yield cache: ajam-260.pdf plain text: ajam-260.txt item: #82 of 115 id: ajam-262 author: Jorge Velazco-Vargas; Silvia Martínez-Llorens,; Miguel Jover Cerda; Ana Tomás-Vidal title: Assessing the suitability of soybean meal as a protein source for Argyrosomus Regius (Asso, 1801) (Sciaenidae): A nutritional evaluation date: 2023 words: 6206 flesch: 63 summary: Chou et al. (2004) for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) estimated by quadratic regression a growth optimum at 16.9% replacement of fish meal protein by soybean meal protein. Effects of the partial substitution of dietary fish meal by differently processed soybean meals on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and activity of intestinal brush border enzymes in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). keywords: acid; amino; dietary; diets; fish; growth; level; meagre; meal; protein; soybean; weight cache: ajam-262.pdf plain text: ajam-262.txt item: #83 of 115 id: ajam-263 author: Matlala Moloko P.; Kpundeh Mathew D.; Yuan Yongming title: Aquaculture practices and market strategies of farmed tilapia in China date: 2023 words: 3428 flesch: 59 summary: In the country, tilapia production was mostly carried out in the southern and southeastern coastal areas where subtropical conditions favored the growth and reproduction of the species. In 2000 to 2010, tilapia production increased from 1.27 million metric tons (mt) to 3.4 million mt (Figure 1). keywords: china; countries; export; farmers; market; marketing; production; products; tilapia cache: ajam-263.pdf plain text: ajam-263.txt item: #84 of 115 id: ajam-264 author: F. B. Akande; D. Ahmad; O. B. Jamarie; S. Sulaiman; A. B. Fashina title: Analyzing the resistance factors in pneumatic bicycle wheels for optimal performance date: 2023 words: 5847 flesch: 64 summary: Degree of occurrence of lowest motion resistance of test wheels. Fifteen (15) Echo dielectric aquameter were buried randomly on the test plots for at least 18 h before taking the moisture contents of the field prior to motion resistance tests (traction data acquisition) for that day. keywords: inflation; kpa; loads; motion; motion resistance; soil; surfaces; test; wheel cache: ajam-264.pdf plain text: ajam-264.txt item: #85 of 115 id: ajam-265 author: G. Cicek; S. K. Sumer; H. Kocabiyik title: Optimizing olive harvest methods for maximum yield and efficiency date: 2023 words: 2987 flesch: 66 summary: The effect of different harvesting methods on olive yield was investigated for two years. There was a statistical significant (P<0.01) difference between the yield based on different harvesting methods. keywords: capacity; harvesting; method; olive; work; year cache: ajam-265.pdf plain text: ajam-265.txt item: #86 of 115 id: ajam-266 author: Mehdi- Younessi Hamzekhanlu; Ali Izadi-Darbandi; Nejat Pirvali-Beiranvand; Mohammad Taher-Hallajian; Abbas Majdabadi title: Genetic Diversity and Morphological Characterization of M7 Soybean Mutant Lines Using RAPD Markers date: 2024 words: 3566 flesch: 61 summary: After the creation of mutant lines genetic diversity of these lines can be monitored using morphological as well as genetic based tools, DNA techniques (Bennici et al., 2003) and advanced molecular methods (Barazani et al., 2002; Analysis of variance of studied traits in M7 generation of soybean mutant lines and parent cultivar M17. keywords: cultivar; lines; markers; mutant; number; parent; plant; rapd; soybean; traits; weight cache: ajam-266.pdf plain text: ajam-266.txt item: #87 of 115 id: ajam-267 author: Bazyli Czeczuga; Janusz Semeniuk; Ewa Czeczuga-Semeniuk; Adrianna Semeniuk; Bernard Klyszejko title: Exploring carotenoid levels and characteristics in fish fillets from West African coastal fisheries date: 2023 words: 4637 flesch: 71 summary: Also, the increase of different environmental factors- especially food, parasites and organochlorine pollution on carotenoid content in fishes and their role in human’s life was discussed. Carotenoids content in particular species 2 of Pacific salmons have also been investigated (Jarzombek, 1970; Czeczuga, 1979; Kitahara, 1984) and some species from an ocean ranching farm near Islands they were analysed by Czeczuga et al. (2005). keywords: carotenoids; content; czeczuga; et al; fish; fishes; species; verlag; vol cache: ajam-267.pdf plain text: ajam-267.txt item: #88 of 115 id: ajam-31 author: Ehlinaz TORUN title: The effect of demographic factors (in floriculture) in acquiring ornamental plants marketing as a profession date: 2013 words: 6268 flesch: 63 summary: In the study conducted, it is seen that most of the buyers of ornamental flowers and their derivatives are men. The effect of demographic factors (in floriculture) in acquiring ornamental plants marketing as a profession Ehlinaz TORUN Department of Agricultural Administration and Marketing, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey. keywords: education; floriculture; florists; flowers; gender; marketing; number; people; plants; profession; turkey cache: ajam-31.pdf plain text: ajam-31.txt item: #89 of 115 id: ajam-3252 author: Mogul; Osman title: Burundi's Access to and Use of Agricultural Land date: 2024 words: 7220 flesch: 29 summary: Key words: Agricultural land, Land accessibility, Land use, SWOT and SOR analysis. According to Minani (2014), population expansion invariably results in the depletion and excessive utilization of agricultural land. keywords: agricultural; analysis; area; burundi; country; development; food; hectares; households; land; population; production; rural; soil; swot; table; use cache: ajam-3252.pdf plain text: ajam-3252.txt item: #90 of 115 id: ajam-3254 author: Sanjay; Krishna title: Small-millet seed production that involves tribal farmers in the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh, India date: 2024 words: 4730 flesch: 63 summary: Impact of improved agro-techniques on yield potential of small little millets (mean of ten years). Impact of technologies in income generation through seed and grain production of little small millets in clusters. keywords: cluster; farmers; income; increase; line; millets; production; seed; sowing; yield cache: ajam-3254.pdf plain text: ajam-3254.txt item: #91 of 115 id: ajam-3255 author: Oluremi; Sikiru title: A SARIMA Method for Analyzing How Agricultural Factors Affect Nigeria's GDP date: 2025 words: 4655 flesch: 51 summary: Anono (2012) investigated how the petroleum and agricultural sectors contributed to the expansion and advancement of the Nigerian economy from 1960 to 2010. They recommended that both the manufacturing and agricultural sectors increase production in order to improve product availability. keywords: agricultural; average; development; gdp; growth; journal; model; nigeria; sarima; sector cache: ajam-3255.pdf plain text: ajam-3255.txt item: #92 of 115 id: ajam-3256 author: Farai; Chenjerai title: Agricultural Marketing's Contribution to Rural Farmers' Empowerment in Zimbabwe's Masvingo Province date: 2025 words: 7036 flesch: 41 summary: A more qualitative analysis of how agricultural marketing helps rural farmers in Masvingo province raise their standard of living is presented in this research. The study comes to the conclusion that because rural farmers continue to use the conventional selling strategy, they lack market knowledge. keywords: crops; districts; extension; farmers; grain; maize; marketing; markets; masvingo; prices; produce; products; province; result; zimbabwe cache: ajam-3256.pdf plain text: ajam-3256.txt item: #93 of 115 id: ajam-34 author: Ramatu M. Al-Hassan*; Irene S. Egyir; James Abakah title: Farm household level impacts of information communication technology (ICT)-based agricultural market information in Ghana date: 2013 words: 3594 flesch: 46 summary: Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals Full Length Research Paper Farm household level impacts of information communication technology (ICT)-based agricultural market information in Ghana Ramatu M. Al-Hassan*, Irene S. Egyir and James Abakah Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Key words: Information communication technology (ICT), agricultural market information, smallholders, Ghana. keywords: agricultural; ghana; ict; information; market; mis; participants; participation; project cache: ajam-34.pdf plain text: ajam-34.txt item: #94 of 115 id: ajam-3467 author: Dr. S. Peer Mohamed title: Natural Enemies: Harnessing Biological Control for Sustainable Agriculture date: 2024 words: 2697 flesch: 35 summary: Through a qualitative and quantitative assessment of research findings, the chapter underscores the benefits of biological control, including reduced environmental pollution, enhanced biodiversity, and long- term pest suppression. Despite its advantages, biological control faces challenges such as inconsistent efficacy, slow action, and potential non-target effects. keywords: control; effectiveness; enemies; management; pest; populations cache: ajam-3467.pdf plain text: ajam-3467.txt item: #95 of 115 id: ajam-37 author: Berhanu Kuma1 *; Derek Baker*; Kindie Getnet*; Belay Kassa title: Factors affecting milk market outlet choices in Wolaita zone, Ethiopia date: 2013 words: 6698 flesch: 48 summary: Milk price by market outlets Price offered by milk market outlet per liter of milk significantly and negatively affected accessing cooperative milk market outlet as compared with accessing individual consumer milk market outlet. The likelihood of accessing cooperative milk market outlet was higher for households who were cooperative member, who owned large landholding size, who had been in dairy farming for many years and who received better dairy extension services. keywords: access; choices; consumer; consumer milk; cooperative; dairy; hotel; households; likelihood; market outlet; milk market; outlets; restaurant; restaurant milk; variable cache: ajam-37.pdf plain text: ajam-37.txt item: #96 of 115 id: ajam-41 author: Mahdi Babaei; Elahe Asemani; Saeid Gazmeh; Soheyla Rezazadeh Shamkhal; Ebrahim Shirmohammadi title: Pomegranate marketing margins in the Neyriz, Iran date: 2013 words: 2420 flesch: 58 summary: The results showed that, the share of pomegranate growers and marketing margin are almost good. Key words: Marketing, marketing margin, pomegranate, Neyriz city. keywords: margin; marketing; pomegranate; price; retailing; rials cache: ajam-41.pdf plain text: ajam-41.txt item: #97 of 115 id: ajam-44 author: Azizi Yahaya*; Noordin Yahaya; Jasmi Ismail; Zainudin Sharif; Jamaludin Ramli; Muhammad Sukri Saud; Mohamed Afiq; Mohamed Anwar title: The factors influencing organizational culture in Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA) date: 2013 words: 4295 flesch: 46 summary: The factors influencing organizational culture in Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA) The factors studied are job satisfaction, job content, and distributive justice, which are studied towards the dependent variables (that is, organizational culture). keywords: content; culture; factors; fama; influence; job; justice; organization; satisfaction cache: ajam-44.pdf plain text: ajam-44.txt item: #98 of 115 id: ajam-46 author: Mohammad Chalajour; Yaser Feizabadi title: Marketing price transmission analysis in the Iranian rice market date: 2013 words: 5060 flesch: 60 summary: It was studied market price in the dates and the pistachios (Moghadasi and Fazeli, 2007). The empirical results show that when the marketing margin is lower than the threshold value, the market system operates freely and there is feedback between the farm and retail prices. keywords: causality; farm; margin; market; marketing; price; retail; test; transmission; wholesale cache: ajam-46.pdf plain text: ajam-46.txt item: #99 of 115 id: ajam-47 author: Bal Bahadur Singh Chauhan; PK Shukla; LP Yadava; Deepmala Verma title: Effect of pre-harvest foliar spray of Ca, Zn and B on respiration rate and biochemical changes of ‘Dashehari’ mango during storage date: 2014 words: 6384 flesch: 71 summary: To examine the role of pre-harvest foliar application of Ca, Zn and B on respiration rate and biochemical changes during storage of mango fruit was investigated. In order to have good return and to avoid glut of mango fruits in market in the peak season it becomes essential to store the quality fruits for a considerable period. keywords: co2; content; days; fruits; mango; respiration; storage; treatments cache: ajam-47.pdf plain text: ajam-47.txt item: #100 of 115 id: ajam-49 author: David Chukwuemeka title: Impacts of agricultural reforms on the farming sector in Nigeria date: 2014 words: 6320 flesch: 39 summary: According to Ikpi (1995) the document embodied the following, among other policies; a) Agricultural sector policies and strategies on food crops, livestock and fish production, industrial raw material (crop and by-products) production, and forest products and wildlife. Often it was a combination of two or more strategies to implement agricultural policies designed at different time periods. keywords: agricultural; development; economic; food; government; national; nigeria; period; policies; policy; production; reforms; sector; strategy cache: ajam-49.pdf plain text: ajam-49.txt item: #101 of 115 id: ajam-51 author: Edward Kokose; Cornelius Addos title: Why is comprehending client mind-set toward 4Ps marketing mix essential? The case of the livestock input industry in Indonesi date: 2014 words: 5231 flesch: 57 summary: Another study with Indonesia as a research setting, Martana (2002) concludes that livestock farmers in Jogjakarta, Indonesia, have different attitudes among customers size segment. The main purposes of this study were, first, to evaluate the customer’s attitude toward marketing mix among distinct market segments of livestock input industry, and second, to examine the influence of demographic variables on customer attitude toward marketing mix. keywords: attitude; customer; input; livestock; marketing; mix; product; segments; size; strategy; study cache: ajam-51.pdf plain text: ajam-51.txt item: #102 of 115 id: ajam-52 author: Mohammed B. Al-Ibrani; Geoffrey seating; Brooks Adams; Eugene Bolto; Williams Brown Otto; Timofey W. Granovsky title: The factors affecting organizational structure in Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA date: 2014 words: 4292 flesch: 47 summary: The factors studied are job satisfaction, job content, and distributive justice, which are studied towards the dependent variables (that is, organizational culture). The result shows that distributive justice (Beta=0.504) and followed by job satisfaction (Beta=0.284) which influences organizational culture in FAMA. keywords: content; culture; factors; fama; influence; job; justice; organization; satisfaction cache: ajam-52.pdf plain text: ajam-52.txt item: #103 of 115 id: ajam-54 author: Fred A. Yamoah; Robert Aidoo title: Using supermarket Loyalty card data to explore exported yam marketing performance and prospects in the UK date: 2014 words: 4052 flesch: 55 summary: Increased yam price is a prevalent feature of the supermarket yam market in the UK but this has not deterred yam customers from buying more. Thus, a study capturing yam customers from smaller ethnic shops would provide important insight that will complement the findings of this study. keywords: analysis; customers; data; marketing; number; price; sales; value; volume; yam; year cache: ajam-54.pdf plain text: ajam-54.txt item: #104 of 115 id: ajam-57 author: Jackson Okemute; Bogos Sefas; James Igari; Mary Oduma title: Determinants of soybean market involvement by smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe date: 2014 words: 6981 flesch: 45 summary: This article examines the determinants of soybean market participation by smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe, with a view to identifying key policy entry points for increasing farmer incomes. We recommend that authorities could improve access to market information to improve farmers’ decision making on soybeans market participation. keywords: access; et al; farmers; household; market; market participation; model; participation; production; results; smallholder; smallholder farmers; soybean; soybean market; zimbabwe cache: ajam-57.pdf plain text: ajam-57.txt item: #105 of 115 id: ajam-59 author: James Oganiru; Isaac Makinwa; Precious Okon title: The formation, technique and presentation of palm oil marketing in Cross River State, Nigeria date: 2014 words: 3586 flesch: 55 summary: Determine the degree of the market concentration among the market participants in other to classify the structure of palm oil market in Cross River State. 3) Ascertain the performance of palm oil markets in the state. keywords: market; marketing; nigeria; oil; palm; palm oil; performance; state; study cache: ajam-59.pdf plain text: ajam-59.txt item: #106 of 115 id: ajam-61 author: James Akinsefi; Jude Okobia title: Hi-tech potential in plantain and banana improvement system in Nigeria date: 2014 words: 4137 flesch: 52 summary: All the research stakeholders had laboratories, where plantain technologies were developed and validated for further dissemination. Research stakeholders had 15.3% of on-farm trial in banana and plantain; the remaining 84.7% of the on-farm trials were contributed by technology transfer stakeholders in the system. keywords: banana; farmers; iita; innovation; plantain; research; stakeholders; system; technology; transfer cache: ajam-61.pdf plain text: ajam-61.txt item: #107 of 115 id: ajam-73 author: Maggos Ari; Paul Manding; Jubillee Oyibo title: Factors affecting sustainable development among leaders of rural community: A case study of Malaysia date: 2014 words: 4870 flesch: 56 summary: However, the success of VVM is very much dependable on the committee members of Village Deve- lopment and Security Committee (VDSC) since they are the change agents that would be able to cultivate competitive and succcessful rural community (Shamsul, 1998), through rural sustainable development. Literature analysis There is extensive research done that portray constructs which contribute to rural sustainable development. keywords: community; development; education; items; respondents; vdsc; village; villagers cache: ajam-73.pdf plain text: ajam-73.txt item: #108 of 115 id: ajam-80 author: John D. Oghene title: Justification of socio-economic condition as pointers for heads of farm families in Delta North agricultural zone, Delta State, Nigeria date: 2014 words: 3892 flesch: 63 summary: Key words: Indexes, item analysis, valid items, socio-economic status indicators, farm families. It involves selecting valid items from a universe of items based on a pre-determined criterion. keywords: farm; group; items; number; rpbis; socio; status; test cache: ajam-80.pdf plain text: ajam-80.txt item: #109 of 115 id: ajam-83 author: Sallah Dongo; kate Hassan; Duarte Ibid title: A study of specialist proficiencies of farm officers to deal with challenge of weeds in North West Frontier Province-Pakistan date: 2014 words: 3150 flesch: 56 summary: Keeping in view the importance of weeds, this study was conducted to judge the possessed and required levels of professional competencies of agricultural extension agents in NWFP. Regarding the required level of competency of agricultural extension agents rated the weed science activity as a vital component for extension agents (Figure 1) . keywords: agricultural; aos; competency; crops; extension; identification; level; pakistan; weeds cache: ajam-83.pdf plain text: ajam-83.txt item: #110 of 115 id: ajam-88 author: T.J Danjuma; Dencia Alidon title: Strategies for managing risk of cattle farmers in Namibia: Case study from Omaheke and Otjozondjupa regions date: 2014 words: 4654 flesch: 52 summary: Secondly, an empirical study of farmers’ perceptions of risk and risk management were carried out by administering questionnaires among a large sample of livestock farmers. Currently, livestock farmers seem to follow diversification activities as alternative risk management strategies. keywords: farmers; farming; frequency; insurance; livestock; management; percent; risk; table cache: ajam-88.pdf plain text: ajam-88.txt item: #111 of 115 id: ajam-89 author: Ephraim Biya Yang title: Consumer’s response to brands: A case study of beauty lotion brand in Cameroun date: 2014 words: 7808 flesch: 66 summary: D'Astous and Gargouri (2001) refer to brand sensitivity, attaching great impor- tance to brand names when choosing and purchasing. In order to identify the factors influencing brand sensitivity, we used correlation analyses and multiple regression. keywords: body; brands; cameroonian; category; consumer; differences; involvement; kapferer; lotion; mark; product; purchase; research; risk; sensitivity cache: ajam-89.pdf plain text: ajam-89.txt item: #112 of 115 id: ajam-90 author: *Motilal Kamil Narayana; Mammmohan Sarabhai; Vikram Kumar Khan title: Consumers’ preference for oil brand, oil variants and factors influencing purchase decision date: 2014 words: 6181 flesch: 60 summary: Full Length Research Paper Consumers’ preference for oil brand, oil variants and factors influencing purchase decision *Motilal Kamil Narayana, Mammmohan Sarabhai and Vikram Kumar Khan School of Food and Agric Business, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. The present study explores the consumers’ preference for oil brand, oil variants, and factors influencing the purchasing decision. keywords: behavior; brand; buyers; buying; classification; consumers; customers; drop; oil; oil brand; oils; preference; product; table cache: ajam-90.pdf plain text: ajam-90.txt item: #113 of 115 id: ajam-94 author: y Department of Manage title: Unprecedented growth of organized retailing in India: A case study on the rise and fall of Subhiksha Retail Chains date: 2014 words: 3917 flesch: 48 summary: The life cycle of retail stores depends on the effectiveness of well formulated and well implemented customer target strategy by keeping customer loyalty. The life cycle of retail stores can be extended through successful implementation of information technology for customer relationship, merchandizing, human resource, and supply chain management practices. keywords: customer; growth; information; management; retail; retailers; retailing; stores; study; subhiksha; technology cache: ajam-94.pdf plain text: ajam-94.txt item: #114 of 115 id: ajam-97 author: Elumelu Ovigwe Daniel title: Responsibilities of Agricultural market improvement in enhancing farmers’ income in Nigeria date: 2014 words: 4175 flesch: 41 summary: Need for Agricultural market reform Why was agricultural market reforms needed? Because of the importance of agricultural sector in the country, agricultural market reforms occupied a central place in these liberalization efforts. keywords: countries; crop; export; farmers; food; market; marketing; nigeria; prices; production; reforms; sector cache: ajam-97.pdf plain text: ajam-97.txt item: #115 of 115 id: ajam-99 author: Akimade V. Esther title: Multinomial logistic regression in examining factors driving consumer preference for locally produced rice in Nigeria date: 2014 words: 4418 flesch: 57 summary: INTRODUCTION There are quite a range of diverse socio-cultural factors dishes are known to be prepared from different types of underlining the consumption pattern and consumer local rice in Nigeria. Determinants of consumer preference for local rice in Nigeria In this study, the determinant of consumer preference for rice in Nigeria is modelled around the socio-economic variables of local rice consumers, household income, prices of local rice and the physico- chemical charac- teristics of rice. keywords: consumers; criteria; ekiti; household; nigeria; respondents; rice; state cache: ajam-99.pdf plain text: ajam-99.txt