ajam: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called ajam.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Farmers; Marketing; Market; Nigeria; Development; Table; Growth; Technology; Model; Households; Analysis; Farm; Agricultural; Sector; Total; Food; Countries; Product; Kenya; Soil; Customer; Factors; Use; Management; Soybean; Oil; Output; Seed; Capital; Plant; Cassava; Efficiency; Weight; Work; Days; Crop; Species; Dna; Effectiveness; Correlation; Cultivation; Flowers; Bap

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Production, processing and marketing of ginger in Southern Ethiopia by Endrias Geta; Asfaw Kifle (2016) - Ginger growing farmers of the region also use approximately similar seed rate with that of research recommendation which falls in the range of 17 to 28 qt/ha. ginger production were purposely selected for the study. Keywords: ethiopia; farmers; ginger; market; marketing; planting; price; production; rhizomes; season
• Determinants of technology adoption in the production of horticultural export produce in Kenya by J. N. Nzomoi; J. K. Byaruhanga; H. K. Maritim; P. I. Omboto (2016) - Educated producers and marketers have exposure to new technologies and innovations, are more receptive to new ideas and are more willing to adopt, hence the positive correlation between education and technology adoption. Full Length Research Paper Determinants of technology adoption in the production of horticultural export produce in Kenya J. N. Nzomoi1*, J. K. Byaruhanga1, H. K. Maritim2, P. I. Omboto2 1 Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O BOX 190, Kakamega, Kenya 2 Moi University, P. O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya. Keywords: adoption; farmers; government; kenya; land; model; new; produce; production; technologies; technology
• An analysis of institutional and technical factors influencing agricultural marketing amongst smallholder farmers in the Kat River Valley, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa by B. Jari; G. C. G. Fraser (2016) - In other words, the model was used to assess the odds of: informal market participation vs. not participating; and formal market participation versus not participating. Access to information was expected to influence market participation posi- tively; implying that households with access to information are more likely to participate in marketing, making use of formal markets. Keywords: farmers; households; information; kat; market; marketing; model; participation; produce; river; smallholder; valley; value; variable
• Farm input marketing in western Kenya: Challenges and opportunities by Jonas N. Chianu; Franklin Mairura; Isaac Ekise; Justina N. Chianu (2016) - Survey method A cross-section survey using structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 130 agro- input dealers randomly selected from 40 markets from 13 districts. Number of input dealers # % Increase Agro-input 2003 2004 2005 (2003-2005) Keywords: agricultural; agro; credit; dealers; farm; farmers; input; kenya; market; services; smallholder; table
• Economic analysis of adoption of mulching technology in yam production in Osun State, Nigeria by A. A. Akinola*; P. Owombo (2017) - The specific objectives were to examine the socio-economic characteristics of yam farmers; examine costs and returns to yam production; and determine the factors influencing the use of mulching in the study area. A priori expectation signs of the coefficients The multidisciplinary independent variables included farmer, farm and institutional factors postulated to influence technology adoption. Keywords: adopters; adoption; cost; farmers; mulching; non; size; technology; yam
• Economic analysis of soil fertility restoration options in potato – bean of gardening intercropping in South – rift, Kenya by Ngeno Vincent; Langat B. K; Rop Wendi; Chepngeno W; Kipsat M. J (2017) - Field experiments were carried out to evaluate soil fertility management options on potato-bean production in five districts in South-rift, Kenya (Narok, Bomet, Bureti, Kericho and Konoin). Efforts to compare soil fertility management options side- by-side are rather minimal in Kenya with research institutions preferring to test one technology at a time. Keywords: farmers; fertility; land; management; options; return; soil
• Farmers’ awareness and application of banana Xanthomonas wilt control options: The case of Uganda and Kenya by Wellington Jogo; Eldad Karamura; Jerome Kubiriba; William Tinzaara; Anne Rietveld; Margaret Onyango; Michael Odongo (2017) - Practice Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of households households households households aware currently applying aware currently applying Cut down affected pseudo stem of affected plant 74 65 57 41 Cut down and dig up the whole mat of affected plants 59 41 45 39 Bury plant remains 49 32 6 2 Burn plant remains 23 8 4 - Heap affected plant remains and leave on ground 35 29 10 6 Left on ground but not heaped or buried 13 11 6 4 Remove male buds of affected plant with fork stick 82 67 12 8 Remove male buds with cutting tools 41 29 45 39 After cutting, clean tools (JIK/fire) With the exception of a few practices, more farmers under the EAHB system were applying BXW control measures than under Kayinja system (table 4), as the former is more important to the farmers‟ livelihoods and therefore farmers are more willing to invest in disease control in that system than in the latter. Keywords: banana; bxw; control; countries; disease; farmers; households; kenya; measures; plant; production; system; uganda
• Determinants of adopting imazapyr-resistant maize for Striga control in Western Kenya: A double-hurdle approach D. B. Mignouna1,2*, V. M. Manyong1 , K. D. S. Mutab by D. B. Mignouna; V. M. Manyong; K. D. S. Mutabazi; E. M. Senkondo (2017) - Suri (2011) showed that technology profitability, farmers’ training as well as observed and unobserved differences among farmers and across farming systems are the major determinants affecting maize technology adoption in Kenya. Also access of the introduced IRM was not included as determinant explaining adoption because access of the novel technology in the study area was mainly done through extension services and farmer’s social groups which were already hypothesized to influence IRM adoption. Keywords: adoption; control; decision; extension; factors; farmers; household; irm; kenya; maize; model; new; perception; production; size; striga; technology
• The determinants of cassava productivity and price under the farmers’ collaboration with the emerging cassava processors: A case study in East Lampung, Indonesia by Tomohide Sugino; Henny Mayrowani (2017) - In order to overcome the unfavorable market conditions for cassava farmers, the local govern- ment of Lampung Province implemented the develop- ment of the Community’s Tapioca Processing Unit or ITTARA (Industry Tepung Tapioka Rakyat) in 1997. It should be noted that recent changes of global and local economic conditions provide cassava farmers with a unique opportunity to break the bottlenecks of current cassava production. Keywords: area; cassava; cost; farmers; harvesting; lampung; price; processors; production; project; study; yield
• Credit constraints and adoption of modern cassava production technologies in rural farming communities of Anambra State, Nigeria by Benjamin Okpukpara (2017) - The major findings are that though credit is important in adoption of modern cassava technologies, credit from informal institutions appears to be the major influencing factor in adoption of modern cassava production technologies. The adoption of modern cassava production technologies is an important route out of poverty for many in the developing world including Nigeria because of the major role cassava play in food security. Keywords: adoption; cassava; cassava production; credit; farmers; institutions; production; production technologies; rural; technologies
• Assessing the technical efficiency of commercial egg production in Tanzania for improved livelihoods by Oleke, J. M; Isinika, A. C (2018) - Feed consumption had a mean of 10,881,347 TShs, constituting the major components of poultry production cost in both study areas, accounting for about 70% of production cost. This study was conducted in Kibaha district, Pwani region and Ilala district, Dar-es-Salaam region where there is a concentration of poultry farmers to feed the city of Dar-es-Salaam, currently estimated to accommodate over three million inhabitants. Keywords: cost; efficiency; eggs; error; farmers; ilala; kibaha; mean; poultry; production; value; years
• Economic analysis of rice production in Cross River State, Nigeria by I. U. Odoemenem; J. A. Inakwu (2018) - Specifically, the work aimed at examining the socio-economic characteristics of rice producers; identify the production constraints in rice production; identify the resources used for rice production; determine the gross margin and to determine the effect of production inputs on rice output in the study area. Full Length Research Paper Economic analysis of rice production in Cross River State, Nigeria I. U. Odoemenem1* and J. A. Inakwu2 1 Department of Agricultural Economic, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Keywords: area; cost; farmers; nigeria; output; production; rice; study; table
• Socio-economic analysis of melon production in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria by Mohammed, B. T. (2018) - Full Length Research Paper Socio-economic analysis of melon production in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria Mohammed, B. T. Human Resources Development Department, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM), Km.20 Ilorin-Lokoja Highway, P. M. B. 1525, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Accepted 22 October, 2017 This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of melon production in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State. Keywords: area; farmers; farming; labour; melon; nigeria; production; study; total
• The partnership models of agricultural sustainable development based on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in Iran by Alireza Poursaeed; Mehdi Mirdamadi; Iraj Malekmohammadi; Jamal F. Hosseini (2019) - A multiple criteria evaluation of sustainable agricultural development models using AHP. Key words: AHP, partnership, Iran, sustainable agricultural development. Keywords: agriculture; ahp; alternatives; criteria; decision; development; farmers; models; partnership; sustainability
• Analysis of avocado marketing in Trans-Nzoia district, Kenya by Paul Omolo; Tana P; Mutebi C; Okwach E; ,Onyango H.; Okach K. O (2018) - Though most farmers considered size and quality in setting up avocado fruit prices, their fruit quality are poor. 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Bargain Market Price taker Prices of Size and Size of the Visit forces other quality of fruit and the market to farmers and fruit type of get prices size of the buyer fruit Methods used to determine market prices Keywords: avocado; farmers; fruits; market; prices; retailers
• Monitoring and evaluation report of "the impact of information and communication technology service (ICTs) among end users in the ministry of agriculture and cooperatives in Zambia" by Darlington Kahilu (2018) - Reasons for joining NAIS project. Reasons for joining ZARI project. Keywords: agricultural; farmers; icts; information; nais; project; research; staff; technologies; zambia; zari
• Factors influencing output commercialisation among small scale farmers in Nigeria by Femi Ogundele (2020) - While studies in Nigeria revealed varying degree of output commercialisation by smallholder farmers as well as variation in the driving factors across the country, none of the above studies, however, considered the temporal dynamics in household output commercialisation and the associated factors which is the main focus of this study. As such the proportion of output sold which is an index of household crop commercialisation (HCCI) increased significantly by 32 per cent between wave 2 and 3. Olanrewaju et al (2016) estimated HCCI of 0.83 among smallholder farming households in the Southwest, Nigeria which further confirmed the positive changes in HCCI in Nigeria. Keywords: commercialisation; crop; determinants; factors; farmers; households; market; nigeria; output; price; smallholder; study; wave
• Effects of market deregulation on cocoa (Theobroma cacao) production in Southwest Nigeria by Idowu; Osuntogun; Oluwasola (2020) - This assertion makes education of cocoa farmers an important variable. The study found that after two decades of operating SAP and economic liberalization policy in the country, cocoa production still remains in the hands of smallholder operators with little application of chemical inputs to enhance output. Keywords: cocoa; economic; farmers; government; log; nigeria; output; prices; production; sap
• Assessing the innovative nature of the agricultural based small businesses in Rwanda - The case study of the coffee industry by A. J. Antonites; J. J. Haguma (2020) - Product innovation. This implies that the farmers are aware of product innovation and yet their performance is bad. Keywords: business; coffee; education; farmers; frw; innovation; market; new; performance; production; profit; rwanda; scale; table; years
• Soil moisture stress mitigation for sustainable upland rice production in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria by A. C. Odunze; M. T. Kudi; C. Daudu, J. Adeosun; G. Ayoola , I. Y. Amapu , S. T. Abu , A. Mando; G. Ezui; D. Constance (2020) - However, the highest bulk density obtained under the flat planting treatment (1.60 Mgm -3 ) is attributed to silt accumulation on the surface soil layer and formation of crust which hardened to increase surface soil bulk density (Ike, 1986, 1987) . Soil moisture content between treatments (Table 2) did not significantly differ between treatments, though the up- down slope treatment resulted in higher than all the other treatments and is followed by contour+ridge-tie treatments. Keywords: contour; density; farmers; grain; moisture; nigeria; rice; ridging; slope; soil
• Contextual analysis of Teff marketing: empirical evidence from Halaba, Lomie, Shenkora na Minjar and Tahtay Maichew by Larry Williams; Kelvin Smith (2023) - The existence of illegal traders and brokers in the Teff value chain, poor monitoring of the illegal traders from government authorities, collusion of price by traders and usually the farmers are price takers, absence of strong marketing cooperatives, fluctuations and inflation of price of Teff crops price, lack of proper scale, traders store Teff for long time to manipulate the price (hoarding), lack of transport facilities to remote areas, high of tax rates and adulteration (mixing with others) are some of the problems raised by study participants. Though it might have its advantages and disadvantages, the participation of smallholder farmers in global Teff market is limited by the government’s export ban policy. Keywords: cooperatives; crops; data; development; district; ethiopia; farmers; following; government; information; market; marketing; participants; policy; price; production; research; study; teff; teff crops; teff marketing; traders
• Aquaculture practices and market strategies of farmed tilapia in China by Matlala Moloko P.; Kpundeh Mathew D.; Yuan Yongming (2023) - In the country, tilapia production was mostly carried out in the southern and southeastern coastal areas where subtropical conditions favored the growth and reproduction of the species. In 2000 to 2010, tilapia production increased from 1.27 million metric tons (mt) to 3.4 million mt (Figure 1). Keywords: china; countries; export; farmers; market; marketing; production; products; tilapia
• Small-millet seed production that involves tribal farmers in the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh, India by Sanjay; Krishna (2024) - Impact of improved agro-techniques on yield potential of small little millets (mean of ten years). Impact of technologies in income generation through seed and grain production of little small millets in clusters. Keywords: cluster; farmers; income; increase; line; millets; production; seed; sowing; yield
• Agricultural Marketing's Contribution to Rural Farmers' Empowerment in Zimbabwe's Masvingo Province by Farai; Chenjerai (2025) - A more qualitative analysis of how agricultural marketing helps rural farmers in Masvingo province raise their standard of living is presented in this research. The study comes to the conclusion that because rural farmers continue to use the conventional selling strategy, they lack market knowledge. Keywords: crops; districts; extension; farmers; grain; maize; marketing; markets; masvingo; prices; produce; products; province; result; zimbabwe
• Determinants of soybean market involvement by smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe by Jackson Okemute; Bogos Sefas; James Igari; Mary Oduma (2014) - This article examines the determinants of soybean market participation by smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe, with a view to identifying key policy entry points for increasing farmer incomes. We recommend that authorities could improve access to market information to improve farmers’ decision making on soybeans market participation. Keywords: access; et al; farmers; household; market; market participation; model; participation; production; results; smallholder; smallholder farmers; soybean; soybean market; zimbabwe
• Hi-tech potential in plantain and banana improvement system in Nigeria by James Akinsefi; Jude Okobia (2014) - All the research stakeholders had laboratories, where plantain technologies were developed and validated for further dissemination. Research stakeholders had 15.3% of on-farm trial in banana and plantain; the remaining 84.7% of the on-farm trials were contributed by technology transfer stakeholders in the system. Keywords: banana; farmers; iita; innovation; plantain; research; stakeholders; system; technology; transfer
• Strategies for managing risk of cattle farmers in Namibia: Case study from Omaheke and Otjozondjupa regions by T.J Danjuma; Dencia Alidon (2014) - Secondly, an empirical study of farmers’ perceptions of risk and risk management were carried out by administering questionnaires among a large sample of livestock farmers. Currently, livestock farmers seem to follow diversification activities as alternative risk management strategies. Keywords: farmers; farming; frequency; insurance; livestock; management; percent; risk; table
• Responsibilities of Agricultural market improvement in enhancing farmers’ income in Nigeria by Elumelu Ovigwe Daniel (2014) - Need for Agricultural market reform Why was agricultural market reforms needed? Because of the importance of agricultural sector in the country, agricultural market reforms occupied a central place in these liberalization efforts. Keywords: countries; crop; export; farmers; food; market; marketing; nigeria; prices; production; reforms; sector

• Marketing strategies implemented by garment-making micro-enterprises in Kenya by Esmond G. Douglas (2014) - However, there is limited research that has looked at the enterprises from a marketing strategy perspective in terms of the type of marketing strategies that are embraced. Key words: Garment-making, micro and small enterprises, marketing strategies. Keywords: customers; enterprises; garment; making; marketing; micro; product; results; strategies; strategy
• Areas to which micro scale enterprises apply marketing mix strategies by Adebankole Anthony Abiola (2015) - PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Marketing mix strategy Objective 1 which sought to investigate the type of marketing mix strategies used by micro and small scale enterprises in Osun State was achieved using questions on the type of marketing mix strategy used by the enterprises. The extent of application of marketing mix strategy Objective 2 which sought to investigate the extent of application of marketing mix strategies by small and micro scale enterprises in Osun State was achieved using the questions on extent of application of marketing mix strategies by small and micro scale enterprises which was described and analyzed in Table 3. Keywords: enterprises; marketing; micro; mix; scale; strategies
• Why is understanding customer attitude toward 4Ps marketing mix important? The case of the livestock input industry in Indonesia by Sutrisno Hadi Purnomo; Yi-Hsuan Lee; Soekartaw (2016) - Another study with Indonesia as a research setting, Martana (2002) concludes that livestock farmers in Jogjakarta, Indonesia, have different attitudes among customers size segment. Why is understanding customer attitude toward 4Ps marketing mix important? Keywords: attitude; customer; input; livestock; marketing; mix; product; segments; size; strategy; study
• Margins and economic viability of fresh coconut marketing in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana by V. Abankwah; R. Aidoo; B. Tweneboah-Koduah (2016) - The study was conducted in the Kumasi metropolis of the Ashanti region of Ghana to examine the margins and economic viability of fresh coconut marketing. The study revealed that fresh coconut marketing in the Kumasi metropolis is a viable venture that employs people within the economically active age group. Keywords: capital; coconut; cost; distribution; margin; marketing; profit; table; wholesalers
• Efficiency of the plantain marketing system in Ghana: A co-integration analysis by Akwasi Mensah - Bonsu; Akua Agyeiwaa-Afrane; John K. M. Kuwornu (2017) - The Wald test results for market integration suggest that the long-run and short-run null hypotheses that plantain market real prices are integrated and a price change in a market is immediately transmitted to other markets, respectively, cannot be rejected. The following restrictions were tested on the OLS ∏ = − 1 estimation of the regression Equation (2): =1 Long-Run Market Integration Where ∏i and ∏ are (n×n) matrices; ∏ has a reduced rank r = n – Ho: Plantain market prices are integrated in the long-run, that is s; and εt is a (n×1) error vector. Keywords: accra; error; ghana; integration; market; market integration; marketing; plantain; price; results; run; test; wholesale
• Sheep marketing performance: A case study of Khartoum State, Sudan by Abda Abdalla Emam; Ibrahim Nourien Malik (2020) - A guide to sheep marketing costs and margins The intention of this guide is to identify the basic concept of sheep marketing costs and margins. However, sheep marketing costs include labor, transport, loading/ unloading, feeding cost and/ or mortality, official payment, commission and other costs. Keywords: cost; distribution; head; margins; marketing; sheep; total; truck
• Production and marketing structure of large scale forestry products industry enterprises in Turkey by Baki Aksu; K. Hüseyin Koç; Ahmet Kurtoğlu (2020) - FINDINGS The findings that was determined as the result of the questionnaires conducted at the large size enterprises in forest products industry (LSFPI), was reviewed under four headings namely: Technological structure; production structure; marketing concepts; prospects for the future. According to the answers provided by the management level of the enterprises regarding their technological structures (Table 1) 63.3% of such enterprises have relatively new machinery; and although 23.7% stated that they have the latest machinery in respect of machine parks, the forest products industry in Turkey is considerably behind the level that had been achieved by the developed countries. Keywords: enterprises; export; forest products; industry; lack; machinery; marketing; markets; problems; production; products; products industry; scale; technology; total; turkey
• Non-timber forest products’ marketing in Nigeria. A case study of Osun state by Aiyeloja, Adedapo Ayo; Ajewole, Opeyemi Isaac (2020) - The term non-timber forest product preferably called non-wood forest products in some regions of the world has been used (of recent) to replace minor forest product as it was formerly particularized. Key words: Forest products, NTFP, marketing, Nigeria. Keywords: bushmeat; forest; fruit; margin; marketing; nigeria; ntfps; osun; products; state; stick; table; total
• The effect of demographic factors (in floriculture) in acquiring ornamental plants marketing as a profession by Ehlinaz TORUN (2013) - In the study conducted, it is seen that most of the buyers of ornamental flowers and their derivatives are men. The effect of demographic factors (in floriculture) in acquiring ornamental plants marketing as a profession Ehlinaz TORUN Department of Agricultural Administration and Marketing, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey. Keywords: education; floriculture; florists; flowers; gender; marketing; number; people; plants; profession; turkey
• Pomegranate marketing margins in the Neyriz, Iran by Mahdi Babaei; Elahe Asemani; Saeid Gazmeh; Soheyla Rezazadeh Shamkhal; Ebrahim Shirmohammadi (2013) - The results showed that, the share of pomegranate growers and marketing margin are almost good. Key words: Marketing, marketing margin, pomegranate, Neyriz city. Keywords: margin; marketing; pomegranate; price; retailing; rials
• Marketing price transmission analysis in the Iranian rice market by Mohammad Chalajour; Yaser Feizabadi (2013) - It was studied market price in the dates and the pistachios (Moghadasi and Fazeli, 2007). The empirical results show that when the marketing margin is lower than the threshold value, the market system operates freely and there is feedback between the farm and retail prices. Keywords: causality; farm; margin; market; marketing; price; retail; test; transmission; wholesale
• Why is comprehending client mind-set toward 4Ps marketing mix essential? The case of the livestock input industry in Indonesi by Edward Kokose; Cornelius Addos (2014) - Another study with Indonesia as a research setting, Martana (2002) concludes that livestock farmers in Jogjakarta, Indonesia, have different attitudes among customers size segment. The main purposes of this study were, first, to evaluate the customer’s attitude toward marketing mix among distinct market segments of livestock input industry, and second, to examine the influence of demographic variables on customer attitude toward marketing mix. Keywords: attitude; customer; input; livestock; marketing; mix; product; segments; size; strategy; study
• Using supermarket Loyalty card data to explore exported yam marketing performance and prospects in the UK by Fred A. Yamoah; Robert Aidoo (2014) - Increased yam price is a prevalent feature of the supermarket yam market in the UK but this has not deterred yam customers from buying more. Thus, a study capturing yam customers from smaller ethnic shops would provide important insight that will complement the findings of this study. Keywords: analysis; customers; data; marketing; number; price; sales; value; volume; yam; year
• The formation, technique and presentation of palm oil marketing in Cross River State, Nigeria by James Oganiru; Isaac Makinwa; Precious Okon (2014) - Determine the degree of the market concentration among the market participants in other to classify the structure of palm oil market in Cross River State. 3) Ascertain the performance of palm oil markets in the state. Keywords: market; marketing; nigeria; oil; palm; palm oil; performance; state; study

• Gender role in market supply of potato in Eastern Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia* by Mahlet Abitew; Bezabih Emana; Mengistu Ketema; Jeffreyson K. Mutimba; Jemal Yousuf (2015) - In general, the definition of variables and the hypothesized signs of influence on potato market supply are summarized in Table1. The average age of male household heads was 35.38 years compared to 40.5 years for female headed households with the mean age difference between the two groups being statistically significant at 1percent level. Keywords: access; analysis; ethiopia; female; households; information; level; livestock; male; market; percent; potato; production; quantity; study; supply; women
• Land marketing and hedonic price model in Turkish markets: Case study of Karacabey district of Bursa province by Hasan Vura; Halil Fidan (2016) - Value of Size of Salty (%) Phosphorus pH Saturated Potassium Organic Distance to land land (da) water matter farm Land value 1.00 -0.07 -0.21 0.31 0.24 0.36 0.11 0.15 0.14 Size of land(da) -0.07 1.00 0.36 0.49 0.68 0.14 0.43 0.80 0.25 Salty (%) -0.21 0.36 1.00 0.03 0.37 -0.13 0.06 0.21 0.10 Phosphate 0.31 0.49 0.03 1.00 0.59 0.64 0.49 0.65 0.09 pH 0.24 0.68 0.37 0.59 1.00 0.44 0.38 0.68 0.34 Saturated water 0.36 0.14 -0.13 0.64 0.44 1.00 0.29 0.29 -0.04 Potassium 0.11 0.43 0.06 0.49 0.38 0.29 1.00 0.40 0.45 Org. matter 0.15 0.80 0.21 0.65 0.68 0.29 0.40 1.00 0.13 Dist. The relationship between land prices and affected well factors have been studied in the hedonic framework by Miranow- ski and Hammes (1984), Gardner and Barrows (1985), Ervin and Mill (1985), King and Sinden (1988) and Cas- well and Zilberman (1986). Keywords: analysis; distance; econ; factors; farm; land; market; model; price; urban; value
• Institutional incentives and economic aspects of industrial relationships in the Italian agricultural sector by Darina Zaimova (2018) - The imbalanced relationship between small producers and their customers – processors or retailers, as well as the high level of fragmentation and low level of cooperation additionally complicates the retail system in most sectors of agricultural production. A large part of agricultural production is produced and realized through a relatively stable number of cooperatives (Table 1). Keywords: analysis; cooperatives; economic; efficiency; enterprises; function; growth; institutions; level; market; organizations; output; production; results; sector; total; unit; value; working
• An application of the von Cramon-Taubadel and Loy error correction models in analyzing asymmetric adjustment between retail and wholesale maize prices in Ghana by Henry de-Graft Acquah; Samuel Kwesi Ndzebah Dadzie (2020) - Accepted 12 February, 2020 Previous studies analyzing asymmetric price transmission have been based on an econometric specification that is shown to be inconsistent with cointegration. In this article, tests for asymmetric price transmission that is consistent with cointegration is invoked and applied to the transmission of maize prices from the retail to the wholesale level in Kumasi in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Keywords: asymmetry; econ; market; price; retail; test; transmission; wholesale
• Convention economics and coordination mechanisms in collective actions: The Uruguay certified beef case by Guilherme Cunha Malafaia; Julio Otavio Jardim Barcellos; Eugênio Ávila Pedrozo; Maria Emilia Camargo (2020) - For the conventionalist authors, market coordination is based exclusively on market and price relations. Opinion coordination, on the contrary of domestic coordination but similar to market coordination, is not based on a direct experience, on the repetition of transactions or on memory. Keywords: agents; beef; case; certification; convention; coordination; food; forms; market; meat; order; pcncu; process; production; products; program; quality; safety
• Farm household level impacts of information communication technology (ICT)-based agricultural market information in Ghana by Ramatu M. Al-Hassan*; Irene S. Egyir; James Abakah (2013) - Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals Full Length Research Paper Farm household level impacts of information communication technology (ICT)-based agricultural market information in Ghana Ramatu M. Al-Hassan*, Irene S. Egyir and James Abakah Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Key words: Information communication technology (ICT), agricultural market information, smallholders, Ghana. Keywords: agricultural; ghana; ict; information; market; mis; participants; participation; project

• Measures to Eradicate Child Labour in the Agricultural commodity Labour markets by Chukwendo D. Macaulay (2014) - Child labour is maybe one of the most striking indicators identifying vulnerable children and as such pointing to shortcomings in several of the millennium goals as poverty eradication (1), education for all (2), gender equality (3), discrimination of girls towards education and traditional burdens put on girls in their own households as reasons for child labour, combating HIV/AIDS (6) AIDS orphanages as another reason for child labour, and developing a global partnership for development (8), including developing descent and productive work for youths since child labour in its worst forms often has cross border links and that decent and productive work for youths are undermined by the existence of child labour. It is recommended in this paper that the legislator should enact laws that will reduce agricultural child labour through redistribution of the nation’s resources, women should be integrated in the fight to combat child labour and that alternative income sources should be provided for rural families whose children are the most vulnerable. Keywords: child; child labour; children; development; education; family; ilo; labour; nigeria; poverty; school; work
• Economic crossroads: The experiences of Nigeria and lessons from Malaysia by Okezie, C. A.; Amir, Baharuddin H (2018) - Even the relatively high contribution of oil sector to the industrial sector contribution is being driven largely by crude production and not by the associated “core industrial” components like refining and petrochemicals. In 1999 the country returned to the path of civil democratic governance, economic growth has risen substantially, with an annual average of 7.4% in the last decade. Keywords: country; development; economic; economy; exports; gdp; government; growth; malaysia; manufacturing; nigeria; oil; rate; sector
• Effects of agricultural reforms on the agricultural sector in Nigeria by Daniel S. Ugwu; Ihechituru O. Kanu (2020) - According to Ikpi (1995) the document embodied the following, among other policies; a) Agricultural sector policies and strategies on food crops, livestock and fish production, industrial raw material (crop and by-products) production, and forest products and wildlife. Often it was a combination of two or more strategies to implement agricultural policies designed at different time periods. Keywords: agricultural; development; economic; food; government; national; nigeria; period; policies; policy; production; reforms; research; sector; strategy
• A SARIMA Method for Analyzing How Agricultural Factors Affect Nigeria's GDP by Oluremi; Sikiru (2025) - Anono (2012) investigated how the petroleum and agricultural sectors contributed to the expansion and advancement of the Nigerian economy from 1960 to 2010. They recommended that both the manufacturing and agricultural sectors increase production in order to improve product availability. Keywords: agricultural; average; development; gdp; growth; journal; model; nigeria; sarima; sector
• Impacts of agricultural reforms on the farming sector in Nigeria by David Chukwuemeka (2014) - According to Ikpi (1995) the document embodied the following, among other policies; a) Agricultural sector policies and strategies on food crops, livestock and fish production, industrial raw material (crop and by-products) production, and forest products and wildlife. Often it was a combination of two or more strategies to implement agricultural policies designed at different time periods. Keywords: agricultural; development; economic; food; government; national; nigeria; period; policies; policy; production; reforms; sector; strategy
• Multinomial logistic regression in examining factors driving consumer preference for locally produced rice in Nigeria by Akimade V. Esther (2014) - INTRODUCTION There are quite a range of diverse socio-cultural factors dishes are known to be prepared from different types of underlining the consumption pattern and consumer local rice in Nigeria. Determinants of consumer preference for local rice in Nigeria In this study, the determinant of consumer preference for rice in Nigeria is modelled around the socio-economic variables of local rice consumers, household income, prices of local rice and the physico- chemical charac- teristics of rice. Keywords: consumers; criteria; ekiti; household; nigeria; respondents; rice; state

• The rural market and its untapped Potentials for marketers by Ranvid Kumar; Amartya Chandra; Ajith Sanjay (2015) - At this juncture, a modest attempt is made in this paper to comprehend rural market environment through rural population growth, villages by population range, occupation, income and expenditure pattern of rural population, rural households by possession of assets and rural development programmes. Since 1901, the growth and proportion of rural population are moving in opposite directions in India. Keywords: areas; development; households; income; india; percent; population; programme; total; villages
• Dismantling of common property, land use and pastoral livelihoods in eastern Ethiopia by Fekadu Beyene (2017) - The formal land tenure policy that may involve the transfer of land use rights to other persons from a different clan or ethnic group can be a source of disputes (Figure 1). But efficiency in pastoral land use, which is characterized by a variable weather condition, can be achieved through retaining common property (Nugent and Sanchez, 1993). Keywords: access; capital; change; clan; commons; development; ethiopia; grazing; land; management; pastoral; policy; property; resource; rights; state; use; water
• Burundi's Access to and Use of Agricultural Land by Mogul; Osman (2024) - Key words: Agricultural land, Land accessibility, Land use, SWOT and SOR analysis. According to Minani (2014), population expansion invariably results in the depletion and excessive utilization of agricultural land. Keywords: agricultural; analysis; area; burundi; country; development; food; hectares; households; land; population; production; rural; soil; swot; table; use
• Factors affecting sustainable development among leaders of rural community: A case study of Malaysia by Maggos Ari; Paul Manding; Jubillee Oyibo (2014) - However, the success of VVM is very much dependable on the committee members of Village Deve- lopment and Security Committee (VDSC) since they are the change agents that would be able to cultivate competitive and succcessful rural community (Shamsul, 1998), through rural sustainable development. Literature analysis There is extensive research done that portray constructs which contribute to rural sustainable development. Keywords: community; development; education; items; respondents; vdsc; village; villagers

• The relationship between corporate reputation and consumer brand preferences in the soft drink market in Egypt by * Hisham Heweny; Omar K. V.; Abu Ahmed Suleiman (2015) - Measures of corporate reputation The mounting interest in corporate reputation research spurred researchers to develop a variety of different construct measures for both academic and practitioner use. The involvement of corporate reputation studies in multi- ple disciplines has caused it to have numerous definitions (Mahon, 2002; Lewellyn, 2002; Barnett et al, 2006). Keywords: brand; consumers; customer; model; preference; products; relationship; reputation; research; services; table
• Effects of slash and burning on soil microbial diversity and abundance in the tropical rainforest ecosystem, Ondo State, Nigeria by Adeduntan Sunday Adeniyi (2020) - Regression type Regression equation R R2 Not significant 1 Between soil pH and bacteria -0.3866X + 7.591 0.4134 0.7719 0.488 2 Between soil pH and fungi -0.0234X + 5.3318 0.0731 0.0053 0.907 3 Between soil temperature and bacteria 0.3395X + 31.695 0.0686 0.631 0.913 4 Between soil temperature and fungi -5.07342X + 64.833 0.3490 0.533 0.565 5 Between soil moisture content and bacteria -12.1163X + 113.3511 0.8435 0.2115 0.073 6 Between soil moisture content and Fungi -3 It is important to understand the impact of slash and burn on soil microorganism, as they are crucial to the stability, regulation and functioning of all forest file:///C:\Users\user\Documents\REPUBLICATION\AGRICULTURAL%20SCIENCES\AppData\Local\Temp\www.internationalscholarsjournals.org ecosystems (Reichle, 1997). Keywords: abundance; area; bacteria; burning; days; fungi; soil; study; table
• Consumers’ preference for oil brand, oil variants and factors influencing purchase decision by *Motilal Kamil Narayana; Mammmohan Sarabhai; Vikram Kumar Khan (2014) - Full Length Research Paper Consumers’ preference for oil brand, oil variants and factors influencing purchase decision *Motilal Kamil Narayana, Mammmohan Sarabhai and Vikram Kumar Khan School of Food and Agric Business, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. The present study explores the consumers’ preference for oil brand, oil variants, and factors influencing the purchasing decision. Keywords: behavior; brand; buyers; buying; classification; consumers; customers; drop; oil; oil brand; oils; preference; product; table

• Substantial factors that can influence the Economic growth of Pakistan by *Benazir Ali Bhutto; Malik Mian Hussain; Moeen Mazar (2014) - Knowledge is being considered as an important and endogenous determinant of Economic growth. Technology is very essential to enhance the productivity of factor of production and economic growth. Keywords: capital; countries; country; fdi; goods; growth; impact; investment; labor; liberalization; openness; pakistan; results; run; technology; trade
• A survey on the Effects of foreign debt servicing on per capita revenue growth rate in Pakistan by Fazlur Al Hasan (2015) - Apparently, foreign debt increases the economic growth but if it gets accumulated beyond a specific limit, it can have devastating effects upon economic growth as proved by (Hasan 1999).The poor countries like Pakistan are getting more and more loans just to survive but it creates dependency on donors. Debt servicing is severely affecting economic growth of Pakistan by eating up major share of resources. Keywords: ardl; debt; debt servicing; deficit; growth; level; model; pakistan; rate; results; run; servicing; variables
• Dynamics of the agricultural economy of Andhra Pradesh, India since the last five decades by A. Amarender Reddy (2018) - All the tables except GI and DI index indicates that the comparison of Telangana and Rayalaseema regions (in %) to Coastal region, that is, a value above 100 for Telangana region indicates that Telangana region‟s absolute value is more than Coastal‟s in that period, whereas less than 100 indicates that Telangana region‟s absolute value is less than Coastal‟s for that particular period. Historically, high yielding technology and agricultural intensification is suitable for increased agricultural growth in favourable regions (like Coastal), whether, the same is also applicable for less developed regions (like Rayalaseema and Telangana) where rainfed agriculture dominates or a new strategy is required is still not clear. Keywords: area; change; coastal; districts; efficiency; growth; mean; rayalaseema; region; telangana; tfp
• Impact of Salinity on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) by Mostafavi Khodadad (2024) - Mohammed et al. (2002) reported that by NaCl levels germination percentage decreased and mean germination time increased proportionately. Pre - sowing seed treatment - a shotgun approach to improve germination growth and crop yield under saline and none-saline conditions, Adv. Keywords: genotypes; germination; growth; length; root; safflower; salinity; salt; seed; stress
• Assessing the suitability of soybean meal as a protein source for Argyrosomus Regius (Asso, 1801) (Sciaenidae): A nutritional evaluation by Jorge Velazco-Vargas; Silvia Martínez-Llorens,; Miguel Jover Cerda; Ana Tomás-Vidal (2023) - Chou et al. (2004) for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) estimated by quadratic regression a growth optimum at 16.9% replacement of fish meal protein by soybean meal protein. Effects of the partial substitution of dietary fish meal by differently processed soybean meals on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and activity of intestinal brush border enzymes in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Keywords: acid; amino; dietary; diets; fish; growth; level; meagre; meal; protein; soybean; weight
• Unprecedented growth of organized retailing in India: A case study on the rise and fall of Subhiksha Retail Chains by y Department of Manage (2014) - The life cycle of retail stores depends on the effectiveness of well formulated and well implemented customer target strategy by keeping customer loyalty. The life cycle of retail stores can be extended through successful implementation of information technology for customer relationship, merchandizing, human resource, and supply chain management practices. Keywords: customer; growth; information; management; retail; retailers; retailing; stores; study; subhiksha; technology

• Various factors that can influence the adoption of sales force automation and analyze their effect on technology adoption by Martha Iman Waiguru (2015) - Mark. used to determine the effects of the independent variables on sales force technology adoption among insurance sales agents. Sales technology enables sales people answering the queries of customers to effectively provide competent solutions. Keywords: adoption; agents; characteristics; force; insurance; sales; salesperson; sfa; study; system; technology
• Influence of modern technology on small familyowned farms in the Brazilian savannah region: A case study of a settlement in Mato Grosso do Sul State by Arcelei Lopes Bambil (2017) - Full Length Research Paper Influence of modern technology on small family- owned farms in the Brazilian savannah region: In poor soils, typical of the Brazilian savannah, the necessity of modern technology requires the domination of more complex praxeologies. Keywords: brazilian; case; cooperative; crops; praxeology; production; results; savannah; soil; technologies; technology; use; work

• Prediction of added value of agricultural subsections using artificial neural networks: BoxJenkins and Holt-Winters methods by Elham Kahforoushan; Masoumeh Zarif; Ebrahim Badali Mashahir (2020) - Added value of agricultural section includes added value of each of agronomy, animal husbandry, fishery and forestry subsections. The government should take actions for increasing of added value growth through appropriate planning in order to maintain annual growth rate of Iran economy which is about 6% and considering almost 2.5% growth predicted for added value of agriculture section in spite of continuing of ascending process of added value of agricultural subsections. Keywords: box; data; error; exponential; holt; method; model; network; neural; smoothing; value

• The dynamics of horticultural export value chains on the livelihood of small farm households in Southern Ghana by Afari-Sefa Victor (2020) - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Inter-household landholdings and capital resource distribution Households decide whether or not to participate in the cultivation of horticultural export crops based on percei- ved benefits, opportunities and constraints considering the risks and probabilities of occurrence. It was observed that 78% of the sampled households were cultivators of horticultural export crops. Keywords: cash; crops; cultivation; dummy; export; farm; food; horticulture; households; income; land
• Factors affecting milk market outlet choices in Wolaita zone, Ethiopia by Berhanu Kuma1 *; Derek Baker*; Kindie Getnet*; Belay Kassa (2013) - Milk price by market outlets Price offered by milk market outlet per liter of milk significantly and negatively affected accessing cooperative milk market outlet as compared with accessing individual consumer milk market outlet. The likelihood of accessing cooperative milk market outlet was higher for households who were cooperative member, who owned large landholding size, who had been in dairy farming for many years and who received better dairy extension services. Keywords: access; choices; consumer; consumer milk; cooperative; dairy; hotel; households; likelihood; market outlet; milk market; outlets; restaurant; restaurant milk; variable

• Relative importance of common bean attributes and variety demand in the drought areas of Kenya by Enid Katung; Louise Sperling; David Karanja; Andrew Farrow; Steeve Beebe (2019) - Little is known regarding the connection between land allocation to common bean varieties (that is, variety demand) and relative importance of variety attributes (such as consumption or risk reducing characteristics). The total amount of common bean consumed (x) can be distinguished according to the intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of common bean varieties such as taste, cooking time, grain size and colour ( ϕ c ) they possess. Keywords: analysis; area; attributes; bean; characteristics; consumption; demand; farm; glp2; household; production; red; study; varieties; variety
• Inter-population variation of chromosome and RAPD markers of Suaeda nudiflora (Willd.) Moq. a mangrove species in India by S. N. Jena; A. B. Das (2023) - The extent of genetic difference among different populations is an important measure of the diversity of that area. most of the studies that investigate S. 2 Table 1. Genotypes of S. nudiflora from different populations of Bhitarkanika mangrove forest, Orissa, India, with their physical characteristics and chromosome number. Keywords: analysis; chromosome; dna; iii; markers; nudiflora; pop; populations; rapd
• Genetic diversity analysis of Iranian citrus varieties using micro satellite (SSR) based markers by M. Jannati; R. Fotouhi; A. Pourjan Abad; Zivar Salehi (2023) - Type of cultivar Common name Genus and species Natural hybrid or bud mutation Yuzo Citrus junos Sieb Trifoliate Orange Poncirus trifoliata Kumquat Fortunella Sp. Clemantin Citrus reticulata Blanco Satsuma Mandarin Citrus unshiu Marcovich King or Sweet Orange Citrus nobilis Pineapple Orange Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Washington Navel Orange Citrus sinensis Siahvaraz Citrus sinensis Bud mutation Moallemkoh Citrus sinensis Bud mutation Kotra 2 - 4 - Natural hybrid Kotra 1 - 4 - Natural hybrid Shalmahaleh - Natural hybrid Mexican Lime Citrus aurantifolia Sweet Lime Citrus aurantifolia (L.) Sour Orange Citrus aurantium (L.) INTRODUCTION Citrus plants are cultivated in the North and South of IRAN. Keywords: analysis; citrus; cluster; germplasm; kotra; lemon; markers; microsatellite; orange; species

• Application of modified compromise weighted multiobjective programming in Fadama farming in Dass Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria by Sani, M. H.; Kushwaha, S; Abubakar, M. M.; Ayoola, G. B. (2018) - The application of modified compromise weighted multi-objective programming to Fadama farming in Dass Local Government Area of Bauchi State was the main focus of the study. Key words: Organic farming, irrigation, multi-objective programming, Fadama farming. Keywords: agriculture; area; employment; farm; fertilizer; ground; income; level; objective; use; water
• Rural livelihood diversification and agricultural household welfare in Ghana by Emmanuel Ekow Asmah (2018) - But in terms of the size of the household, we find that the coefficient of household membership size appeared to be negative but statistically insignificant for the welfare of non-diversified households. Accepted 19 August, 2018 Sufficient time has elapsed since agricultural sector reforms got underway in Ghana and so this study examined how some selected proxies of the reforms have changed overtime and evaluated their relative importance in influencing rural livelihood diversification and household welfare. Keywords: access; activities; diversification; education; farm; ghana; household; household welfare; livelihood; markets; members; sector; welfare
• Justification of socio-economic condition as pointers for heads of farm families in Delta North agricultural zone, Delta State, Nigeria by John D. Oghene (2014) - Key words: Indexes, item analysis, valid items, socio-economic status indicators, farm families. It involves selecting valid items from a universe of items based on a pre-determined criterion. Keywords: farm; group; items; number; rpbis; socio; status; test

• A study of specialist proficiencies of farm officers to deal with challenge of weeds in North West Frontier Province-Pakistan by Sallah Dongo; kate Hassan; Duarte Ibid (2014) - Keeping in view the importance of weeds, this study was conducted to judge the possessed and required levels of professional competencies of agricultural extension agents in NWFP. Regarding the required level of competency of agricultural extension agents rated the weed science activity as a vital component for extension agents (Figure 1) . Keywords: agricultural; aos; competency; crops; extension; identification; level; pakistan; weeds

• Prospects and challenges of seed sector privatisation by Patrick Malope (2018) - The study found that the present system is such that the department of agricultural research (DAR) through its seed multiplication unit (SMU) dominates seed production and distribution, especially for open pollinated varieties. This has stifled private sector participation in seed production and distribution. Keywords: botswana; distribution; government; participation; privatisation; production; sector; seed; seed production; seed sector; smu

• Seed germination and viability in two African Acacia species growing under different water stress levels by Amelework Kassa; Ricardo Alía; Wubalem Tadesse; Valentin Pando; Felipe Bravo (2020) - RESULTS Seed germination occurred after 4.5 days in A. senegal and 4.3 days in A. seyal. Seed germination of seven Sahelian legume species. Keywords: acacia; conditions; drought; germination; seeds; senegal; seyal; species; stress; total; water

• Exploration of food security situation in the Nile basin region by John Omiti1; Hellen Ommeh-Natu; Lydia Ndirangu; Nancy Laibuni; Nicholas Waiyaki (2018) - The study recommends a paradigm shift in technology for the Nile basin agriculture towards people-centered and pro-poor approaches to improve food production, agro-processing and regional trade. To boost food production will require effective technologies for example, certified seed and fertilizer, that are adapted to local conditions and realities, expansion of irrigated agriculture, reduction of post-harvest losses, improved infrastructure (for example, storage), innovations that promote value addition (agribusiness) and expansion of intra- regional agricultural trade. Keywords: basin; basin countries; countries; egypt; fao; food; kenya; nile; nile basin; population; production; productivity; region; security; trade

• Potential for agricultural trade in COMESA region: a comparative study of Sudan, Egypt and Kenya by Imad Eldin Elfadil Abdel Karim; Ibrahim Sulieman Ismail (2020) - Different indicators and indices like instability index, production similarity index, comparative production performance index, export similarity index and revealed comparative advantage index were used. The results of production similarity index indicate differences in production patterns of the three countries. Keywords: comesa; countries; egypt; index; production; sudan; trade

• Multi-dimensional measures to better loyalty beha by Fazlur Al Hasan; Zaiur R. Alam; Maqsudul V. I (2015) - -2.731 .008 Dependent variable: brand loyalty; adjusted R square: 0.459: F: 11.085, P<.000. results of brand loyalty measure when deodorant purchase is concerned with only notable exception that prediction of brand loyalty gives a better result when all the facets of involvement are retained. Brand loyalty has been shown to be associated with higher rates of return on investment due to increase in the market share. Keywords: brand; brand loyalty; coefficients; consumers; influence; involvement; items; loyalty; product; research; scale; study; validity
• Consumer’s response to brands: A case study of beauty lotion brand in Cameroun by Ephraim Biya Yang (2014) - D'Astous and Gargouri (2001) refer to brand sensitivity, attaching great impor- tance to brand names when choosing and purchasing. In order to identify the factors influencing brand sensitivity, we used correlation analyses and multiple regression. Keywords: body; brands; cameroonian; category; consumer; differences; involvement; kapferer; lotion; mark; product; purchase; research; risk; sensitivity

• Legal and institutional constraints to Kenya-Uganda cross-border bean marketing by L. W. Mauyo; J. R. Okalebo; A. Kirkby; R. Buruchara (2016) - border bean exports to Kenya and value: 2000. The objectives of the study were to identify and assess the legal and institutional constraints, which lead to informal bean trade in the border districts of Kenya and Uganda. Keywords: bean; border; cross; exports; kenya; points; trade; uganda; volume

• Analyzing the resistance factors in pneumatic bicycle wheels for optimal performance by F. B. Akande; D. Ahmad; O. B. Jamarie; S. Sulaiman; A. B. Fashina (2023) - Degree of occurrence of lowest motion resistance of test wheels. Fifteen (15) Echo dielectric aquameter were buried randomly on the test plots for at least 18 h before taking the moisture contents of the field prior to motion resistance tests (traction data acquisition) for that day. Keywords: inflation; kpa; loads; motion; motion resistance; soil; surfaces; test; wheel

• Customers Patronage with regards to physical architecture: A survey on banks in Southern Nigeria by Okonkwo T. Vincent (2015) - For example, bank customers were angry at delays they attributed to the bank when they observed tellers waiting for their computers to respond. Customer service: Career success through profit margin, (4 th Ed), New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Keywords: architecture; banks; correlation; customer; patronage; profit; retention; sales; service; south; volume

• The factors influencing organizational culture in Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA) by Azizi Yahaya*; Noordin Yahaya; Jasmi Ismail; Zainudin Sharif; Jamaludin Ramli; Muhammad Sukri Saud; Mohamed Afiq; Mohamed Anwar (2013) - The factors influencing organizational culture in Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA) The factors studied are job satisfaction, job content, and distributive justice, which are studied towards the dependent variables (that is, organizational culture). Keywords: content; culture; factors; fama; influence; job; justice; organization; satisfaction
• The factors affecting organizational structure in Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA by Mohammed B. Al-Ibrani; Geoffrey seating; Brooks Adams; Eugene Bolto; Williams Brown Otto; Timofey W. Granovsky (2014) - The factors studied are job satisfaction, job content, and distributive justice, which are studied towards the dependent variables (that is, organizational culture). The result shows that distributive justice (Beta=0.504) and followed by job satisfaction (Beta=0.284) which influences organizational culture in FAMA. Keywords: content; culture; factors; fama; influence; job; justice; organization; satisfaction

• Use of male gametocide: An alternative to cumbersome emasculation in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) by Giridhar Kalidasu (2023) - The results indicated that none of the gametocides evaluated resulted in pollen sterility and pollen germination was unaffected. Pollen sterility and pollen germination Among the gametocides studied none have shown any significant gametocidic effect on pollen except for 2, 4-D. Pollen sterility among the treatments ranged from 0 - 23.2%. Keywords: emasculation; germination; hydrazide; maleic; plants; pollen; ppm; sterility; use

• Natural Enemies: Harnessing Biological Control for Sustainable Agriculture by Dr. S. Peer Mohamed (2024) - Through a qualitative and quantitative assessment of research findings, the chapter underscores the benefits of biological control, including reduced environmental pollution, enhanced biodiversity, and long- term pest suppression. Despite its advantages, biological control faces challenges such as inconsistent efficacy, slow action, and potential non-target effects. Keywords: control; effectiveness; enemies; management; pest; populations

• Measuring the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) and soybean intercrop by Umeh S. I.; Mbah B. N (2017) - At four months after planting there was no significant difference in soil nitrogen between sole soybean and intercrop system, but soil nitrogen under sole soybean (0.135 mg kg ) and intercrop system (0.112 m kg) where on the average three times higher than the soil nitrogen in sole cassava (0.039 mg kg). At 8 and 12 MAP, soil nitrogen under intercrop has become significantly lower than that under soybean, suggesting that cassava the companion crop has taken up extra (fixed) nitrogen from the soil. Keywords: cassava; nitrogen; soybean
• Genetic Diversity and Morphological Characterization of M7 Soybean Mutant Lines Using RAPD Markers by Mehdi- Younessi Hamzekhanlu; Ali Izadi-Darbandi; Nejat Pirvali-Beiranvand; Mohammad Taher-Hallajian; Abbas Majdabadi (2024) - After the creation of mutant lines genetic diversity of these lines can be monitored using morphological as well as genetic based tools, DNA techniques (Bennici et al., 2003) and advanced molecular methods (Barazani et al., 2002; Analysis of variance of studied traits in M7 generation of soybean mutant lines and parent cultivar M17. Keywords: cultivar; lines; markers; mutant; number; parent; plant; rapd; soybean; traits; weight
• Genetic Diversity and Morphological Characterization of M7 Soybean Mutant Lines Using RAPD Markers by Mehdi- Younessi Hamzekhanlu; Ali Izadi-Darbandi; Nejat Pirvali-Beiranvand; Mohammad Taher-Hallajian; Abbas Majdabadi (2024) - After the creation of mutant lines genetic diversity of these lines can be monitored using morphological as well as genetic based tools, DNA techniques (Bennici et al., 2003) and advanced molecular methods (Barazani et al., 2002; Analysis of variance of studied traits in M7 generation of soybean mutant lines and parent cultivar M17. Keywords: cultivar; lines; markers; mutant; number; parent; plant; rapd; soybean; traits; weight

• Antimicrobial activity evaluation of the oleoresin oil of Pistacia vera L. by Bachir Raho Ghalem (2020) - The antiseptic activity of P. lentiscus essential oils and its resin on different microorganisms has been reported by several researchers (Tassou and Nychas, 1995; Iauk et al., 1996; Ali-Shtayeh and Abu, 1999; Marone et al., 2001; Benhammou et al., 2008; Douissa et al., 2005) but the antimicrobial effect of Pistacia vera extracts precisely its oleoresin oils have not been studied so far (Duru et al., 2003; Kordali et al., 2003; Özçelika et al., 2005) . Key words: Essential oils, oleoresin of Pistacia vera L., strains tested, antimicrobial activity determination. Keywords: activity; bacteria; oil; pistacia; proteus; vera
• An assessment of the preservative potentials of soursop (ANNONAMURICATA) seed oil on plantain and orange juice by Dauda A. O.; Salami; Oyeyinka, S.A.; Esan, O.T.; Arise, A.K; Asije A.R. (2023) - Keywords: Antioxidant properties, soursop seed oil, microbial load, proximate composition, shelf life, coating. Judging by the outcome of soursop seed oil on the samples, it could be said to have corroborated the report of Raybaudi-Massilia et al., 2015 that states that seed oils normally have antimicrobial property. Keywords: annonamuricata; brix; content; et al; juice; oil; orange; plantain; seed; seed oil; soursop; soursop seed

• Determination of the sacrifice rate in Turkey, Brazil and Italy: A comparison among countries by Tuba Başkonuş Direkçi (2019) - After evaluating sacrifice ratio, within the disinflation periods, disinflation periods monetary policy affects sus-tainability and will be measured with “hysteria coefficient”. The approach here is to assume that the increase of periods among inflation periods, positively influence the output gap as well. Keywords: disinflation; inflation; output; periods; rate; ratio; sacrifice; sacrifice ratio; study; turkey

• Effects of low cost drying methods on seed quality of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monech by Ali Zakaria Babiker; Mohammad Ehsan Dulloo; M. A. Mustafa El Balla; El Tahir Ibrahim (2020) - seed drying facilities, such as seed drying chambers, seed dryers, where the relative humidtiy of the drying environment is controlled (Ellis et al., 1985), may not be easily implemented in many developing countries due to the high cost of establishing, running and maintaining such facilities. Drying seeds improved the germination percentages in all drying cases (Table 2), which is a phenomenon demonstrated by many previous studies (Ellis et al., 1983; Kong and Zhang, 1998; Vodouhe et al., 2008). Keywords: dryer; drying; gel; germination; methods; moisture; seed; shade; silica; sun

• Sustainability of farm credit delivery by cooperatives and NGOs in Edo and Delta states, Nigeria by G.O. Alufohai (2020) - Conclusion and Recommendations The study looked at the sustainability rates of NGOs and cooperatives in farm credit delivery through their subsidy dependence indices and capital formation rates. — The use of some quantitative techniques, inferential statistics and the calculation of capital formation rates. Keywords: capital; cooperatives; credit; formation; loan; ngos; rate

• The effects of some cryptogamic extracts on the primary productivity of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp by P. O. Fatoba; O. Rebecca Akolo (2020) - The weight of seeds produced per plant treated was significantly higher than the untreated at 0.05% even most of those treated with plant extracts were better than those treated with karate (Table 2). This study showed that plant extracts are better than karate in boosting the primary productivity of cowpea. Keywords: cold; cowpea; extracts; hot; number; plant; seeds

• Evaluation of cassava varieties for cassava mosaic disease resistance jointly by agro-inoculation screening and molecular markers by Huiping Bi; Mahender Aileni1; Peng Zhang (2020) - To our knowledge, this is the first report of screening CMD resistance using cassava varieties from ASEAN region. RESULTS Screening of cassava varieties for CMD resistance by agro-inoculation After agro-inoculation of 18 cassava varieties with ACMV- NOg in a greenhouse, symptom development was monit- ored regularly. Keywords: cassava; cmd; disease; dna; et al; figure; marker; mosaic; resistance; varieties

• Analyzing the sources of technical efficiency among heterogeneous dairy farms: A quantile regression approach by Benaissa Chidmi; Daniel Solís; E. Cabrera (2018) - An unbalanced panel data including 1,151 farm observations from 2004 to 2008 was used to analyze the determinants of technical efficiency (TE) for dairy farms in the State of Wisconsin. Key words: Dairy farm, technical efficiency, quantile regression approach. Keywords: dairy; effect; efficiency; farms; production; quantile; study; variable

• Graphical Analysis of Genetic Control of Diverse Traits in Maize Inbred Lines by Zahra khodarahmpour (2024) - Considering the average degree of dominance, as well as the Hayman graphical plot, dominance effects were observed for grain yield and plant growth period traits over dominance, complete dominance for grain diameter and additive gene action with partial dominance for ASI, grain filling period, grain number in row, grain number in ear, grain row number in ear, ear diameter, grain depth, 1000 grain weight and hektolitr weight traits. Also, Srdic et al. (2007) found that dominant gene effects were more significant in maize grain yield and number of grains per row, while additive gene effects were more important for grain row number and 1000 grain weight. Keywords: action; ear; gene; grain; number; row; weight; yield

• Optimizing olive harvest methods for maximum yield and efficiency by G. Cicek; S. K. Sumer; H. Kocabiyik (2023) - The effect of different harvesting methods on olive yield was investigated for two years. There was a statistical significant (P<0.01) difference between the yield based on different harvesting methods. Keywords: capacity; harvesting; method; olive; work; year

• Impact of cocoa processing technologies in free fatty acids formation in stored raw cocoa beans by Simplice Tagro Guehi; Michael Dingkuhn; Emile Cros; Gérard Fourny; Robert Ratomahenina; Guy Moulin; Anne Clement Vidal (2016) - Cocoa beans of poor quality deteriorate much faster than cocoa beans of hight quality. Cocoa butter, the naturally fat, contained in cocoa beans is the only continuous phase of chocolate. Keywords: beans; cocoa; cocoa beans; content; days; fermentation; ffa; formation; pods; quality; storage
• Effect of pre-harvest foliar spray of Ca, Zn and B on respiration rate and biochemical changes of ‘Dashehari’ mango during storage by Bal Bahadur Singh Chauhan; PK Shukla; LP Yadava; Deepmala Verma (2014) - To examine the role of pre-harvest foliar application of Ca, Zn and B on respiration rate and biochemical changes during storage of mango fruit was investigated. In order to have good return and to avoid glut of mango fruits in market in the peak season it becomes essential to store the quality fruits for a considerable period. Keywords: co2; content; days; fruits; mango; respiration; storage; treatments

• Strategies to optimize the use of scavengeable feed resource base by smallholders in traditional poultry production systems in Africa: A review by E.H.Goromela; R.P. Kwakkel , M.W.A. Verstegen; A.M. Katule (2023) - Studies on village poultry production systems in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia MSc. Gender issues in family poultry production systems in low income food deficit countries. Keywords: crop; et al; feed; poultry; production; scavenging; sfrb; sonaiya; systems; village

• Exploring carotenoid levels and characteristics in fish fillets from West African coastal fisheries by Bazyli Czeczuga; Janusz Semeniuk; Ewa Czeczuga-Semeniuk; Adrianna Semeniuk; Bernard Klyszejko (2023) - Also, the increase of different environmental factors- especially food, parasites and organochlorine pollution on carotenoid content in fishes and their role in human’s life was discussed. Carotenoids content in particular species 2 of Pacific salmons have also been investigated (Jarzombek, 1970; Czeczuga, 1979; Kitahara, 1984) and some species from an ocean ranching farm near Islands they were analysed by Czeczuga et al. (2005). Keywords: carotenoids; content; czeczuga; et al; fish; fishes; species; verlag; vol

• Detection and diagnosis of tomato leaf curl virus infecting tomato in Northern Karnataka by Reddy, A. B.; Patti, M. S.; Reddy, K. M.; Reddy, K. M. (2021) - However, there is only slight variation among the isolates under study and there is greater variation when compared with the isolates/accessions (GenBank) from North India, North Eastern India and also of North Western India. And high amino acid homology of 96.8-99.6% among themselves and up to 57.10% with SiYVV- Madurai (AM259382) amino acid sequence diversity with the other North Indian isolates of begomo viruses and up to 29.00% diversity with tomato isolate ToLCCV-G18 (AJ 558119). Keywords: bangalore; curl; dna; homology; india; isolates; karnataka; leaf; north; nucleotide; pcr; sequence; tolcv; tomato; virus

• Effects of emotional intelligence, communication effectiveness and strategic alignment in an Organizations performance by *Halim Daim Francis; Shoba Hakim Hong; Dato Hiew Sulong (2014) - Emotional intelligence and age Mayer et al. (2000) found that emotional intelligence is also related to age. Relationship between EI and communication effectiveness Scientists of emotional intelligence theory argue that emotional intelligence leads to improved communication Relationship between managers and employees Communication Emotional Effectiveness Intelligence Figure 1. Keywords: alignment; communication; communication effectiveness; effectiveness; intelligence; relationship; study

• Significance of last name on acquisition timing in China by Feng ziping; Zhuo Qingdong; Shen Yifu Lin (2015) - For example, in China where an interdependent culture is mainstream, in order to keep harmonious relationship, students are generally shy and avoid showing off, teachers hence tend to initiate class interaction and assign tasks or duties by calling student names; therefore, students with last name locating earlier in the register sheet are more likely and more frequently to be assigned duties and challenges. First, we present a detailed conceptualization of the last name effect, showing a general hypothesis about surname effect on consumers’ choice making and the speed of it. Keywords: acquisition; correlation; effect; letter; pinyin alphabet; student; surname; time

• A study on the economic feasibility of date palm cultivation in the Al-Hassa Oasis of Saudi Arabia by A. Al-Abbad; M. Al-Jamal; Z. Al-Elaiw; F. Al-Shreed; H. Belaifa (2018) - Date palm farmers of Al-Hassa were also found to be quality conscious, and they adopt diverse measures (pre to post harvest) to ensure quality production of dates. Our study on the economic feasibility of date palm cultivation in the Al-Hassa oasis of the Kingdom estimated the average annual yield of dates per palm to be 48.0 kg per palm with a selling price estimated at SR 4.00 per kg. Keywords: arabia; cultivation; date; hassa; kingdom; palm; saudi

• Response of some ornamental flowers of family Ranunculaceae to sucrose feeding by Waseem Shahri; Inayatullah Tahir; Sheikh Tajamul Islam; Mushtaq Ahmad (2020) - A. vulgaris and C. ajacis exhibits abscission type of flower senescence, while senescence in Ranunculus asiaticus cultivars is characterized by initial wilting followed by abscission at later stage. The beneficial effect of sugars on flower senescence has been attributed to the supply of substrates for respiration, structural materials and osmoticum (Halevy and Mayak, 1979), and has been attributed to the suppression of ethylene biosynthesis or sensitivity to ethylene (Ichimura and Hisamatsu, 1999; Ichimura and Suto, 1999; Ichimura et al., 2000; Liao et al., 2000; Pun and Ichimura, 2003). Keywords: ajacis; concentrations; flowers; life; mass; spikes; sucrose; vase

• An efficient protocol for in vitro clonal propagation of natural sweetener plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) by Ashish Ojha; V. N. Sharma; Vinay Sharma (2020) - Accepted 18 May, 2020 Leaf segments of Stevia were cultured on MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mg/L -1 ) of growth regulators (BAP and 2, 4-D). Highest rooting percentage was recorded on MS medium with 0.5 mg/L -1 IAA. Keywords: bap; stevia

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-23