item: #1 of 366 id: ajlm-100 author: None title: ajlm-100 date: None words: 4509 flesch: 49 summary: Low platelet counts could be indicative of toxic products, originating from the trypanosomes, which cause platelet destruction.18 Splenic pooling of platelets and phagocytic removal of platelets by mononuclear cells has also been associated with thrombocytopaenia.19 Severe progressive thrombocytopaenia has been reported in T. b. rhodesiense vervet monkey models and human cases of sleeping sickness.23,24 Similarly to T. b. rhodesiense infections in vervet monkeys, lymphocytopoenia was noted in the early stage of the disease and lymphocytosis in the late stage.17 Limitations of the study Top ↑ Only three animals were used in this study; however an extensive amount of data was obtained. Trustworthiness Top ↑ To judge from the outcome of T. b. brucei infection in vervet monkeys, the observations obtained here appeared to compare well with those arising from T. b. rhodesiense and other related studies. keywords: accidental; aceturate; african; agriculture; anaemia; animal; authors; b. brucei; blood; brucei; cells/µl; changes; clinical; counts; csf; daily; days; diminazene; disease; dpi; early; experimental; figure; gutat; haematological; hat; health; human; infected; infection; institute; jomo; kagira; kenyatta; laboratory; late; levels; mean; melarsoprol; model; monkeys; ngotho; parasitaemia; parasites; platelet; point; post; pre; primate; research; rhodesiense; signs; stage; study; subcurative; subcurative treatment; t. b.; technology; treatment; trypanosomes; trypanosomiasis; university; vervet; vervet monkeys; wbc cache: ajlm-100.htm plain text: ajlm-100.txt item: #2 of 366 id: ajlm-1001 author: None title: ajlm-1001 date: None words: 3733 flesch: 45 summary: These researchers also reported that in the majority of IBS patients RDW was normal. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mean platelet volume (MPV) as laboratory markers to discriminate IBS patients from both healthy controls and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). keywords: 2015–2017; analysis; authors; babol; blood; bowel; bowel disease; bowel syndrome; cell; characteristic; clinical; colonoscopy; controls; criteria; curve; department; diagnosis; disease; distribution; examination; figure; gastroenterol; healthy; ibd; ibs; ibs patients; inflammatory; iran; iron; irritable; irritable bowel; laboratory; levels; marker; mean; medical; mpv; organic; patients; platelet; rdw; receiver; red; research; results; sample; sciences; sensitivity; significant; specificity; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; test; university; utility; volume; width cache: ajlm-1001.htm plain text: ajlm-1001.txt item: #3 of 366 id: ajlm-101 author: None title: ajlm-101 date: None words: 5063 flesch: 42 summary: In country C we calculated CD4 test costs by seven different implementing partners. Thus, use of the FACSCalibur™ has the potential to reduce overall laboratory costs by allowing for higher testing volumes at service provision sites with less dependence upon laboratory staff time. keywords: analysis; average; calculated; cd4; chain; commodity; consumption; cost; countries; country; cytometry; data; day; diagnostic; efficiencies; efficiency; equipment; facscalibur; facscount; flow; hiv; increase; instrument; laboratory; level; low; machines; management; national; number; overall; partners; pepfar; pfscm; platforms; procurement; product; programmes; rates; reagents; results; savings; services; sites; states; supply; system; table; test; testing; throughput; total; unit; usaid; use; utilisation; volume cache: ajlm-101.htm plain text: ajlm-101.txt item: #4 of 366 id: ajlm-1017 author: None title: ajlm-1017 date: None words: 4345 flesch: 43 summary: An open-source development partnership model can combine the strengths of commercial developers to reduce development the cost and time to market, while supporting existing supply chain infrastructure, training and proficiency.29,32 Certainly, there are additional upstream and downstream challenges for pathogen test development. To support rapid menu expansion during new or repeated outbreaks, a more flexible concept for outbreak pathogen test development is needed. keywords: approach; assay; available; business; c2018; c2020; care; cases; cdc; challenges; cirino; clin; clinical; commercial; community; countries; deployment; detection; developer; development; diagnostic; disease; early; ebola; epidemic; et al; evaluation; fever; find; flexible; health; high; homepage; infect; infrastructure; innovative; internet; kelly; key; kits; laboratories; laboratory; lassa; leverage; limited; lmics; market; mdx; menu; microbiol; middle; model; molecular; new; novel; npt; open; outbreak; partnership; pathogens; patient; pcr; platform; plos; poc; point; preparedness; proactive; product; rapid; research; resource; respiratory; response; settings; source; specific; support; sustainable; table; testing; tests; time; use; viral; virus; zika cache: ajlm-1017.htm plain text: ajlm-1017.txt item: #5 of 366 id: ajlm-1019 author: None title: ajlm-1019 date: None words: 2798 flesch: 35 summary: Introduction Challenges in expanding and enhancing yellow fever laboratory diagnostics Building the Lassa fever laboratory network during an epidemic Access to diagnostics and laboratory systems integration Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Dhamari Naidoo WHO Health Emergency Program, Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organisation, Abuja, Nigeria Chikwe Ihekweazu Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria Citation Naidoo D, Ihekweazu C. Nigeria’s efforts to strengthen laboratory diagnostics – Why access to reliable and affordable diagnostics is key to building resilient laboratory systems. Challenges in expanding and enhancing yellow fever laboratory diagnostics Since 2016, the re-emergence of YF has caused outbreaks in Angola, Brazil, Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Guinea and Uganda.8 keywords: access; available; building; capacity; cases; centre; challenges; commercial; control; country; detection; development; diagnostics; disease; fever; figure; funding; global; health; homepage; hospital; integration; international; internet; laboratories; laboratory; lassa; mar; molecular; national; ncdc; network; new; nigeria; organization; outbreak; pcr; public; qrt; reference; research; response; results; strengthening; surveillance; systems; teaching; testing; tests; world; yellow cache: ajlm-1019.htm plain text: ajlm-1019.txt item: #6 of 366 id: ajlm-102 author: None title: ajlm-102 date: None words: 5779 flesch: 47 summary: Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: Proficiency testing (PT) is a means of verifying the reliability of laboratory results, but such programmes are not readily available to laboratories in developing countries. This study used an abridged grading system of the WHO Stepwise Laboratory Quality Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) to assess laboratories' adherence to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189 standard, measuring laboratory quality on a scale of zero to five stars. keywords: accreditation; africa; aids; algorithm; assessment; available; average; clinical; coordinators; countries; diagnosis; distribution; equipment; errors; external; feedback; figure; fourth; health; hiv; improvement; institute; internet; laboratories; laboratory; maintenance; malaria; mar; medical; mentoring; national; nigeria; nimr; organization; panel; parasite; participants; participation; performance; phase; poor; positive; proficiency; programme; provider; provision; public; qms; quality; questionnaire; reference; region; reports; research; results; round; samples; scores; second; services; slides; study; survey; system; testing; time; training; tuberculosis; use; world; zonal cache: ajlm-102.htm plain text: ajlm-102.txt item: #7 of 366 id: ajlm-1022 author: None title: ajlm-1022 date: None words: 5619 flesch: 36 summary: Keywords: laboratory networks; molecular scale-up; optimisation; supply chain; laboratory. LabEQIP has most often been used to strategically plan the design of laboratory networks, the placement of equipment, the planning of sample referrals and the improvement of instrument utilisation. keywords: africa; aids; approach; availability; available; capacity; chain; challenges; commodity; contracts; coordination; costs; countries; coverage; data; development; disease; effective; figure; forecasting; ghsc; global; health; hiv; homepage; implementation; inclusive; increase; instrument; internet; investments; issues; ivt; key; laboratory; load; maintenance; management; molecular; monitoring; national; network; network approach; optimisation; order; organization; performance; placement; planning; pricing; procurement; programme; psm; reagent; rrs; saharan; sample; scale; schemes; service; stakeholders; states; stock; strategies; strategy; sub; supply; supply chain; systems; testing; transport; treatment; united; usaid; use; vendor; viral; virginia; world cache: ajlm-1022.htm plain text: ajlm-1022.txt item: #8 of 366 id: ajlm-1029 author: None title: ajlm-1029 date: None words: 4650 flesch: 41 summary: To expedite their deployment, a series of cross-sectional research and development initiatives were launched including innovative financing mechanisms, data-sharing platforms, public-private partnerships and accelerated regulatory pathways.1 A number of novel EVD diagnostics were trialled in Sierra Leone.2,3,4,5,6,7 Guided by a national testing algorithm, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) such as ReEBOV (Corgenix, Broomfield, Colorado, United States) and the OraQuick (Orasure Technologies, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States), intended for use at the primary care level, and automated real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), primarily run on the benchtop, underwent rapid validation and performance evaluation through the World Health Organization’s Emergency Use and Assessment Listing mechanism.8,9,10,11 The meeting featured short presentations as well as a panel discussion with Sierra Leonean laboratory scientists and health workers, who shared their first-hand experience using rapid diagnostic tests during the Ebola outbreak. keywords: africa; antigen; assessment; assurance; available; building; burdens; capacity; care; care tests; china; clinical; college; control; costs; countries; development; devices; diagnostic; diagnostic systems; disease; ebola; edinburgh; emergency; evaluation; evd; field; freetown; global; global health; health; health organization; homepage; infrastructure; internet; kingdom; laboratories; laboratory; leone; listing; local; manuscript; medicine; national; need; new; online; organization; outbreak; pcr; point; public; public health; quality; rapid; research; resource; role; routine; school; sciences; serial; settings; sierra; sierra leone; social; states; strengthening; surveillance; systems; technologies; testing; tests; united; university; use; value; virus; work; workshop; world; world health cache: ajlm-1029.htm plain text: ajlm-1029.txt item: #9 of 366 id: ajlm-1035 author: None title: ajlm-1035 date: None words: 6764 flesch: 51 summary: Of the 20 million people estimated to be living with HIV infection in Eastern and Southern Africa in 2017, about 13 million or 66% were on ART, of whom more than 10 million were estimated to have suppressed viral load (VL).1 For South Africa, according to 2017 estimates, 90% of HIV-positive individuals know their status; 68% of these are on ART and 78% of those on ART achieve viral suppression.1 Previously regarded as optional,7 routine virological monitoring of patients on ART by HIV VL testing to detect ART failure allows optimal patient management. Virological non-suppression appears to be increasingly rare in many settings and may have become a low prevalence condition in some places already.1 Virological monitoring is usually done through HIV VL testing, that is, using assays that quantify the concentration of HIV RNA in patient plasma. keywords: 2014; acid; acquir; africa; aids; antiretroviral; approach; apr; art; assays; available; blood; challenges; child; clin; condition; constituent; copies; cost; dbs; deconvolution; defic; diagnosis; different; dis; drug; early; efficiency; eid; et al; failure; health; high; hiv; homepage; immune; increase; individual; infant; infection; internet; laboratory; limited; load; low; matrix; mini; monitoring; mother; need; negative; nucleic; number; patients; pcr; plasma; point; pooled; pooled testing; pooling; pools; positive; preiser; prevalence; programme; resistance; resource; result; risk; rls; rna; samples; screening; sensitivity; settings; size; south; specimens; spots; strategies; strategy; study; suppression; syndr; testing; tests; therapy; time; transmission; treatment; unaids; use; van; virological; zyl cache: ajlm-1035.htm plain text: ajlm-1035.txt item: #10 of 366 id: ajlm-1040 author: None title: ajlm-1040 date: None words: 3152 flesch: 51 summary: Individual intracranial haemorrhage detection discrepancies ranged from 9.41% to 34.12%, with SAH carrying the highest rate. Computed tomography (CT) virtual autopsy and classical autopsy discrepancies: Radiologist’s error or a demonstration of post-mortem multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) limitation? keywords: 2014–2016; act; africa; agreement; analysis; ante; autopsies; autopsy; cases; consciousness; data; day; department; detection; diagnoses; diagnostic; discrepancies; discrepancy; edh; error; experience; factors; figure; findings; forensic; haemorrhage; head; high; hospital; imaging; intracranial; kappa; length; level; limpopo; low; microsoft; mortem; observed; pathology; post; postmortem; radiology; rate; reports; research; results; sah; scan; sdh; south; studies; study; table; tomography; traumatic; useful; years cache: ajlm-1040.htm plain text: ajlm-1040.txt item: #11 of 366 id: ajlm-1041 author: None title: ajlm-1041 date: None words: 6394 flesch: 45 summary: Keywords: mobile biosafety laboratory; MBS-Lab; field deployment; outbreak; Senegal; point-of-care. Compared to the resources devoted to dealing with other global threats such as terrorism, climate change or war, little investment is dedicated to infectious disease outbreak preparedness.6,7,8 In recent years, health professionals and decision-makers have identified several strategies needed to mitigate risk.9 However, up to now, preventive initiatives have underestimated threats. keywords: acute; addition; african; areas; belgium; biosafety; blood; board; capacity; cases; chain; children; conditions; dakar; data; de dakar; dengue; department; deployment; detection; diagne; diagnostic; disease; ebola; emergency; environment; epidemic; equipment; evaluation; fall; faye; fever; field; figure; foundation; france; global; handling; health; healthcare; high; human; idylla; infectious; influenza; inside; institut; institut pasteur; international; ipd; isolator; key; kédougou; lab; laboratories; laboratory; local; maintenance; malaria; management; march; materials; mbs; metapneumovirus; ministry; mobile; mobility; molecular; monitoring; negative; october; operational; outbreak; pasteur; pasteur de; pathogens; personnel; platform; plos; point; power; praesens; preparedness; public; rapid; real; remote; respiratory; response; results; risk; samples; security; senegal; staff; study; support; surveillance; system; technical; testing; threats; time; transmission; turn; vehicle; virology; virus; week; west; world; years cache: ajlm-1041.htm plain text: ajlm-1041.txt item: #12 of 366 id: ajlm-1056 author: None title: ajlm-1056 date: None words: 8507 flesch: 45 summary: Laboratory preparation Process of establishing clinical trial laboratories under good clinical laboratory practice guidelines Comprehensive training programmes, calibrated and maintained equipment and quality control measures were integral in establishing IAVI’s sponsored laboratories (Table 1) and are described in detail in Supplementary Document 1. TABLE 1: Summary of the process of establishing a clinical trial laboratory under good clinical laboratory practice guidelines. The blood bag was further labelled at clinical laboratory services (CLS) with a project number linked to the blood bag on the laboratory information management system. keywords: africa; aids; analysis; assay; barr; blood; california; cell; centrifugation; clinical; clinical laboratory; clinical research; clinical trials; cls; comparable; control; counts; criteria; cryopreservation; cryopreserved; cytomegalovirus; data; day; difference; document; dry; elispot; elispot proficiency; epstein; figure; francisco; frozen; gclp; good; hiv; human; iavi; ifn; immunology; influenza; initiative; institute; international; isolated; kenya; kingdom; laboratories; laboratory; line; medium; methods; min; mock; mononuclear; nairobi; operators; overnight; pbmc; pbs; peptide; performance; peripheral; plates; procedures; processing; proficiency; quality; recovery; reliable; research; responses; results; room; rwanda; samples; san; sfc; significant; south; squares; states; statistical; stimuli; study; supplementary; support; system; table; temperature; testing; time; training; trials; uganda; united; university; vaccine; viability; wells; yield; zambia cache: ajlm-1056.htm plain text: ajlm-1056.txt item: #13 of 366 id: ajlm-1057 author: None title: ajlm-1057 date: None words: 4542 flesch: 33 summary: The workshop covered essential aspects of laboratory quality management, including document management and standard operating procedure writing; equipment management and maintenance; error occurrence management, prevention and corrective action, and quality indicators. The QI programme aimed to provide training for laboratory personnel on quality management concepts and practices, monitor laboratory quality and adherence to quality systems, conduct laboratory test method validation and provide proficiency testing panels for HIV, tuberculosis and other critical tests – successful implementation of the QI programme ensures that laboratory stakeholders and end-users have confidence in laboratory data which informs clinical decisions and optimises patient care. keywords: accreditation; action; africa; army; baseline; benin; center; chu; chu laboratory; control; corrective; cotonou; data; dhapp; documents; eqa; equipment; evaluation; external; figure; gsshealth; health; hia; hiv; hospital; hospital center; implementation; improvement; internal; iso; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory quality; management; manual; med; medical; military; organization; personnel; plan; process; processes; programme; progress; qi programme; qms; quality; quality improvement; quality management; results; scores; service; slipta; staff; standard; support; system; teaching; teaching hospital; test; testing; training; university; work; workshops cache: ajlm-1057.htm plain text: ajlm-1057.txt item: #14 of 366 id: ajlm-1068 author: None title: ajlm-1068 date: None words: 4658 flesch: 45 summary: The paper by Ndihokubwayo et al. (2016) is the only paper summarising SLIPTA implementation and lessons learned.12 Two additional papers were found that present SLIPTA implementation findings, but these also combined SLIPTA with additional assistance.20,21 Both studies indicated that combining SLIPTA with mentoring has a positive effect on QMS implementation, although neither control laboratories nor findings on sustainability of this model were included.20,21 Ndihokubwayo et al. found that SLIPTA laboratories performed most poorly on the internal audit and corrective action sections.12 This finding is corroborated by other studies.22,23,24,25,26,27,28 They further state that advocacy for laboratory strengthening is key to the SLIPTA process (as it is owned by the ministry of health) and that particularly Francophone and Lusophone countries are not well covered. The ministry of health develops an implementation plan and prioritises SLIPTA applicant laboratories and allocates financial and human resources for SLIPTA implementation. keywords: 15189:2012; accreditation; afr; afr j; african; afro; alpha; april; aslm; authors; available; checklist; compliance; control; coverage; datema; different; distribution; health; implementation; improvement; improvement process; iso; j lab; juran; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory quality; management; med; ministry; number; office; organization; planning; points; process; programme; qms; quality; quality improvement; question; rating; recommendations; regional; review; roll; scoring; sections; slipta; slipta checklist; slmta; star; stepwise; strengthening; study; system; total; v2:2015; version; work; world cache: ajlm-1068.htm plain text: ajlm-1068.txt item: #15 of 366 id: ajlm-1080 author: None title: ajlm-1080 date: None words: 4420 flesch: 50 summary: Abstract Background: As more research is conducted in Liberia, there is a need for laboratory reference limits for common chemistry and haematology values based on a healthy population. To our knowledge, this is the first report of laboratory reference limits from a Liberian population. keywords: adolescents; adults; adverse; african; age; analyses; blood; chemistry; children; clinical; countries; counts; data; determined; differences; division; ebola; female; ghana; haematology; haemoglobin; healthy; higher; hiv; hospital; iii; individuals; institute; intervals; laboratory; levels; liberia; limits; lower; median; methods; minnesota; monrovia; national; new; participants; percentage; plos; population; prevail; ranges; reference; reference limits; research; results; serum; states; studies; study; table; testing; trial; united; use; values; virus; wbc; west; women; years cache: ajlm-1080.htm plain text: ajlm-1080.txt item: #16 of 366 id: ajlm-1084 author: None title: ajlm-1084 date: None words: 2958 flesch: 40 summary: References Chartrand C, Tremblay N, Renaud C, Papenburg J. Diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen detection tests for respiratory syncytial virus infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis. et al. Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in South African human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant and postpartum women: A longitudinal cohort study. keywords: africa; analysis; antigen; assay; cape; characteristics; children; clin; clinical; common; data; department; detection; diagnosis; elizabeth; factors; false; health; hospital; infection; laboratory; methods; microbiol; multiplex; national; paediatric; patients; pcr; performance; port; rapid; rapid antigen; respiratory; respiratory syncytial; results; rsv; rsv rapid; sensitivity; service; south; south africa; specificity; strip; study; subtype; syncytial; testing; tests; university; viral; virology; virus; viruses cache: ajlm-1084.htm plain text: ajlm-1084.txt item: #17 of 366 id: ajlm-1092 author: None title: ajlm-1092 date: None words: 3619 flesch: 41 summary: The focus was on skills development in Tableau software, followed by training in exploration, analysis, and interpretation of GeneXpert tuberculosis data across five key programme areas: patient services, programme monitoring, quality of testing, inventory management, and disease burden. We leveraged an existing connectivity footprint, namely the GxAlert system (SystemOne, LLC, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States), to gain access to GeneXpert tuberculosis data within each respective country, but the programme is translatable to any connectivity platform collecting tuberculosis GeneXpert data. keywords: analysis; article; bangladesh; capacity; classroom; connectivity; countries; country; data; development; diagnostic; disease; error; experience; fellowship; foundation; genexpert; gxalert; health; high; improved; improvement; insights; instrument; key; lack; llc; lowand; management; monitoring; mtb; national; nigeria; ntp; online; operational; participants; patient; platform; programme; quality; rates; results; rif; states; study; support; systemone; tableau; tdf; technical; testing; training; tuberculosis; united; utilisation; visualisations; world cache: ajlm-1092.htm plain text: ajlm-1092.txt item: #18 of 366 id: ajlm-11 author: None title: ajlm-11 date: None words: 3626 flesch: 34 summary: • Advantages of integrated laboratory systems • Disease-specific programmes impede laboratory services integration • Strategies for integrating laboratory systems and services    • Policy and strategic planning    • Standardising testing and equipment and coordinating with partners    • Joint coordination with clinicians    • Implementation • Practical examples of integrated laboratory capacity in the field    • Integration of TB laboratory capacity in HIV laboratories    • Integration of HIV testing in a TB laboratory    • Avian influenza laboratory support in HIV laboratories • Human resources training • Recommendations and conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Laboratory systems worldwide are challenged not only by the need to compete for scarce resources with other sections of national health care programmes, but also with the lack of understanding of the critical role that laboratories play in the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of patients suffering from high-burdens of disease. Global health: Integrating national laboratory health systems and services in resource-limited settings In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • What does integration of laboratory systems and services mean? keywords: acilt; aids; approach; article; authors; avian; capacity; care; clinical; control; countries; culture; diagnostic; different; diseases; effective; equipment; facility; funding; global; health; hiv; human; influenza; infrastructure; innovative; integrated; integration; laboratories; laboratory; levels; lpa; malaria; management; molecular; national; network; new; partners; patients; platforms; prevention; programmes; public; quality; rapid; resource; services; specific; specimen; strategic; strengthening; support; systems; testing; tests; training; treatment; use; world cache: ajlm-11.htm plain text: ajlm-11.txt item: #19 of 366 id: ajlm-1102 author: None title: ajlm-1102 date: None words: 5415 flesch: 47 summary: Extended reg-to-test (within laboratory TAT) seen in weeks 6–11 of 2017 correlated with instrument downtime based on data provided by Beckman Coulter call centre log on engineers dispatched. Reg-to-test (within laboratory TAT) was the leading cause of outliers noticed during weeks 30–32, 47–48 of 2016 and weeks 11, 15 and 18 of 2016. keywords: 75th; africa; analysis; analytical; annual; cassim; category; cd4; classification; clin; coetzee; component; cut; data; figure; financial; glencross; good; health; high; hiv; individual; intervention; johannesburg; laboratories; laboratory; lis; median; meeting; moderate; national; network; nhls; outlier; outlying; overall; patient; percentile; performance; period; poor; pre; provinces; provincial; reg; reporting; result; review; samples; satisfactory; service; south; study; tat; test; testing; time; timely; total; turn; turnaround; volume; weekly; weeks; year cache: ajlm-1102.htm plain text: ajlm-1102.txt item: #20 of 366 id: ajlm-1103 author: None title: ajlm-1103 date: None words: 6721 flesch: 35 summary: The WHO estimates that the resulting loss of annual productivity due to the heavy disease burden in Africa equalled $2.4 trillion and 630 million years of healthy lives in 2015.23 Despite the call for more attention in building effective public health laboratory systems,24 which was made in the aftermath of the Ebola epidemic of 2015, few data exist that allow quantification of the overall performance of national laboratory networks and systems across diseases. This system allows the easy collection, curation and analysis of geospatial data to make informed decisions on national laboratory networks and is interoperable with the District Health Information System (DHIS2, University of Oslo, Norway) 234. keywords: access; accreditation; addis ababa; advance; africa; agenda; approach; aslm; available; capacity; care; cdc; central; chain; clinical; community; continent; control; cost; countries; country; coverage; critical; data; delivery; development; diagnostic; disease; e.g.; effective; efforts; ethiopia; evaluation; external; figure; gaps; global; health; health organization; healthcare; hiv; homepage; implementation; improvement; income; information; integrated; international; internet; ivd; joint; july; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory medicine; laboratory networks; lack; level; low; lqms; management; medicine; national; national laboratory; needs; networks; new; number; office; opportunities; organization; outcomes; pathologists; pathology; performance; population; prevention; priority; process; programme; public; quality; recommendations; referral; regional; registration; regulations; sector; security; services; slipta; society; specific; specimen; states; sub; support; surveillance; systems; table; technologies; testing; tests; tier; tiered; tuberculosis; united; world cache: ajlm-1103.htm plain text: ajlm-1103.txt item: #21 of 366 id: ajlm-1109 author: None title: ajlm-1109 date: None words: 275 flesch: 43 summary: About the Author(s) Rajiha A. Ibrahim Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Amete M. Teshale Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Surafel F. Dinku Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Negga A. Abera Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Abebe A. Negeri Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Feven G. Desta Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Eyasu T. Seyum Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Adugna W. Gemeda Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Wubshet M. Keficho American Society for Microbiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Citation Ibrahim RA, Teshale AM, Dinku SF, https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v8i1.1109 Note: DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v7i2.770 Corrigendum Corrigendum: Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Ethiopia: Implementation experiences and lessons learned Rajiha A. Ibrahim, Amete M. Teshale, Surafel F. Dinku, Negga A. Abera, Abebe A. Negeri, Feven G. Desta, Eyasu T. Seyum, Adugna W. Gemeda, Wubshet M. Keficho Published: 06 Dec. 2019 Copyright: keywords: ababa; addis; addis ababa; ethiopia; health institute; institute; public; public health cache: ajlm-1109.htm plain text: ajlm-1109.txt item: #22 of 366 id: ajlm-1114 author: None title: ajlm-1114 date: None words: 2530 flesch: 44 summary: The case discusses the management of brucellosis in the infected patient as well as the management of laboratory exposure to Brucella spp. Keywords: brucellosis; laboratory exposure; prophylaxis; public health; microbiology. keywords: academic; africa; biomérieux; blood; brucella; brucellosis; case; cattle; control; culture; daily; data; disease; exposure; follow; france; health; identification; infected; laboratory; level; l’étoile; management; marcy; melitensis; microbiology; milk; national; patient; positive; pretoria; processing; risk; september; south; species; spp; staff; study; tof; treatment; weeks cache: ajlm-1114.htm plain text: ajlm-1114.txt item: #23 of 366 id: ajlm-1119 author: None title: ajlm-1119 date: None words: 2352 flesch: 36 summary: Bacillus cereus infections in traumatology – Orthopaedics department: Retrospective investigation and improvement of healthcare practices. This report aims to educate clinicians and clinical microbiology laboratories on B. cereus musculoskeletal infections and to heighten awareness that Bacillus species should not always be dismissed as contaminants. keywords: academic; africa; agar; arthritis; arthroscopy; b. cereus; bacillus; blood; case; cereus; clinical; clinicians; contaminants; data; department; division; erythematosus; health; infections; isolate; joint; laboratory; lupus; mass; medical; microbiology; musculoskeletal; national; outcome; paper; patient; positive; pretoria; report; right; risk; septic; service; sle; south; south africa; species; systemic; tshwane; university; vancomycin cache: ajlm-1119.htm plain text: ajlm-1119.txt item: #24 of 366 id: ajlm-1124 author: None title: ajlm-1124 date: None words: 3008 flesch: 42 summary: TABLE 1: Yield obtained with Anyplex™ II STI-7 detection assay and TaqMan® probes, from 250 vaginal swab specimens collected from patients attending Prince Cyril Zulu Communicable Disease Centre (Durban, South Africa) between May 2016 and January 2017. TABLE 2: Performance characteristics of TaqMan® probes for 250 vaginal swab specimens collected from patients attending Prince Cyril Zulu Communicable Disease Centre (Durban, South Africa) between May 2016 and January 2017. keywords: africa; anyplex; assay; authors; available; centre; chlamydia; data; detection; diagnostic; disease; durban; garrett; genitalium; gonorrhoeae; health; high; hiv; infections; kwazulu; laboratory; medical; medicine; methods; microbiology; molecular; multiplex; natal; pcr; predictive; prevalence; probes; reaction; research; school; sciences; singleplex; south; south africa; states; stis; study; taqman; time; trachomatis; united; university; vaginal; vaginalis; women cache: ajlm-1124.htm plain text: ajlm-1124.txt item: #25 of 366 id: ajlm-1128 author: None title: ajlm-1128 date: None words: 1368 flesch: 50 summary: Extending the breadth of African laboratory medicine. Secondly, as a regional journal with global reach, we receive and publish a large number of scientific articles from African authors. keywords: african; ajlm; articles; authors; board; continent; countries; diversity; editorial; editors; female; gender; geographic; global; health; journal; laboratory; medicine; nigeria; okeke; quality; representation; science; scientific; scientists; women; work cache: ajlm-1128.htm plain text: ajlm-1128.txt item: #26 of 366 id: ajlm-1136 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2019-12-12 words: 659 flesch: 29 summary: http://www.ajlmonline.org Open Access Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine. keywords: access; acknowledgement; african; ahmed; appropriate; contact; debrah; details; expertise; george; interest; journal; laboratory; manuscript; maria; medicine; peer; philip; process; publication; reviewer; rosemary; selection; tel; timely; website; william; young cache: ajlm-1136.pdf plain text: ajlm-1136.txt item: #27 of 366 id: ajlm-1153 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 8, No 1 (2019) date: 2019-12-19 words: 1521 flesch: -80 summary: 88 95 Page i of ii Table of Contents i Editorial Extending the breadth of African laboratory medicine Iruka N. Okeke African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a1128 | 05 December 2019 Review Article Review of molecular subtyping methodologies used to investigate outbreaks due to multidrug-resistant enteric bacterial pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa Anthony M. Smith African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a760 | 14 March 2019 Original Research Implementation and evaluation of the Presto combined qualitative real-time assay for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Rwanda Vicky Cuylaerts, Irith De Baetselier, Claude M. Muvunyi, Lambert Mwambarange, Hilde Smet, John Rusine, Viateur Musengamana, Janneke van de Wijgert, Tania Crucitti African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a739 | 18 April 2019 Original Research Molecular detection of enterovirus D68 among children with acute respiratory tract infection in Ghana Joyce A. Kubi, Mohamed Mutocheluh, Joseph H.K. Bonney, William K. Ampofo, John K. Odoom African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a732 | 26 June 2019 Original Research Molecular confirmation and phylogeny of Lassa fever virus in Benin Republic 2014–2016 Olumuyiwa B. Salu, Ayorinde B. James, Honoré S. Bankolé, Jijoho M. Agbla, Magloire Da Silva, Fernand Gbaguidi, Christian F. Loko, Sunday A. Omilabu African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a803 | 22 August 2019 Original Research Organisational management of hospital blood transfusion services in Nairobi County, Kenya: An innovative model for laboratory medicine in rural areas Zelda R. Moran, Atta B. Frimpong, Pablo Castañeda-Casado, Francis K. Frimpong, Manuela B. de Lorenzo, Yanis Ben Amor African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a922 | 26 September 2019 Lessons from the Field A comprehensive district-level laboratory intervention after the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone Annelies W. Mesman, Musa Bangura, Sahr M. Kanawa, Joseph S. Gassimu, Kerry L. Dierberg, Mohamed M. Sheku, J. Daniel Orozco, Regan H. Marsh African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a885 | 22 October 2019 Lessons from the Field Design and implementation of a clinical laboratory information system in a low-resource setting Timothy M. Mtonga, Faheema E. Choonara, Jeremy U. Espino, Chimwemwe Kachaje, Kenneth Kapundi, Takondwa E. Mengezi, Soyapi L. Mumba, Gerald P. Douglas African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a841 | 28 October 2019 Case Study Coexistence of Kaposi sarcoma and Molluscum contagiosum on the same site in a HIV-AIDS patient: A very rare occurrence Kabir Abdullahi, Yahaya Mohammed, Saddiku A. Sahabi, Mahmood M. Dalhat African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a747 | 29 April 2019 Case Study Late diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a child at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa: A case report Bakani A. Siwele, Ndivhuho A. Makhado, Matodzi T. Mariba African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a783 | 29 July 2019 99 111 116 123 130 137 140 Case Study Atypical presentation of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in paediatric burns patients in a large tertiary hospital, South Africa Mpho L. Sikhosana, Asma Salloo, Monica Birkhead, Kerrigan McCarthy African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a916 | 23 October 2019 Brief Report Whole genome sequencing for drug resistance determination in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shaheed V. Omar, Lavania Joseph, Halima M. Said, Farzana Ismail, Nabila Ismail, Thabisile L. Gwala, Nazir A. Ismail African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a801 | 21 February 2019 Brief Report Utilisation of fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy in Sokoto, Nigeria: A five-year review Kabir Abdullahi, Mohammed Umar, Saddiku M. Sahabi African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 8, No 1 | a809 | 30 May 2019 Brief Report Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus co-infection among HIV-1-positive patients in North-Central Nigeria: keywords: african journal; african laboratory; assay; august; brief; case; contents; daniel; december; detection; field; hospital; implementation; infection; john; joseph; laboratory medicine; lessons; october; original research; patients; report; resistance; resource; review; september; setting; table; tuberculosis; virus; vol; | a1128; | a740; | a743; | a804; | a840; | a861; | a880; | issn cache: ajlm-1153.pdf plain text: ajlm-1153.txt item: #28 of 366 id: ajlm-1156 author: None title: ajlm-1156 date: None words: 4775 flesch: 46 summary: This article aims to share Lesotho’s experiences of a systematic approach to identifying and assessing the readiness of potential POC EID sites and to highlight the critical requirements for selecting sites to integrate routine POC EID into a sustainable and optimised EID diagnostic network. Here we highlight critical requirements for selecting routine POC EID sites to ensure a sustainable and optimised EID diagnostic network. keywords: access; aids; analysis; areas; article; assessments; available; capacity; care; challenges; checklist; conventional; data; days; diagnosis; district; early; eid; eligible; facilities; facility; health; hiv; hub; implementation; increase; infant; introduction; laboratory; lesotho; level; management; maseru; ministry; model; months; national; network; new; nrl; number; placement; platforms; poc; poc eid; point; possible; potential; process; quality; readiness; results; sample; selection; services; settings; sites; spoke; system; table; testing; tests; total; transport; use; volumes cache: ajlm-1156.htm plain text: ajlm-1156.txt item: #29 of 366 id: ajlm-1157 author: None title: ajlm-1157 date: None words: 8241 flesch: 45 summary: Emergence of global health (late 1990s–present) Increasing but suboptimal laboratory services In all three countries, more public regional hospitals and health centres were built from the late 1990s onwards, which included buildings or rooms dedicated to laboratory services.30 Referral laboratories were connected to university hospitals and research laboratories were established for specific diseases. National public health laboratories should be established – this is one of the goals of the Africa CDC, supported by the African Society for Laboratory Medicine – and should have political influence at the MoH to set national research priorities. keywords: 1990s; africa; amsterdam; analysis; article; assistants; authors; available; bamako; biologie; biology; burkina; burkina faso; burkinabé; centre; colonial; control; countries; country; dakar; data; date; de la; des; development; direction; director; directorate; disease; district; doctors; document; donors; economic; epidemic; equipment; facilities; faso; february; francophone; french; general; global; health; healthcare; history; hiv; hospitals; informants; inrsp; institut; internet; interview; key; key informants; la santé; laboratories; laboratory; lack; late; level; literature; l’ouest; male; mali; malian; medical; medicine; minister; ministère; ministère de; mérieux; national; national de; national laboratory; opportunities; organisation; ouagadougou; personnel; pharmacists; plan; policies; policy; practice; private; programmes; public; publique; quality; rapport; regional; report; research; santé; sector; senegal; senegalese; services; set; specific; staff; study; sub; support; system; technicians; tests; time; training; university; unpublished; west; work; world cache: ajlm-1157.htm plain text: ajlm-1157.txt item: #30 of 366 id: ajlm-1166 author: None title: ajlm-1166 date: None words: 5139 flesch: 43 summary: Results Across all eight panels, the mean Ct values for probe A (or probe C when probe A did not bind) ranged from 19.3 to 26.2, which were within the acceptable Xpert MTB/RIF semi-quantitative range of medium to low (data not shown). While the accuracy and precision of DTS are similar to those reported for other PT panels, the simplicity of matrix preparation and feasibility for transfer to low-resource settings set the DTS Xpert MTB/RIF PT panel apart.13 keywords: accuracy; accurate; assay; assessment; atlanta; available; branch; cartridge; centers; control; countries; culture; detection; diagnostic; disease; division; drug; dts; external; georgia; global; health; hiv; homepage; inactivation; international; internet; laboratory; limited; mgit; mtb; mycobacteria; panels; precision; preparation; prevention; probe; proficiency; programme; quality; rapid; resistance; resource; results; rif; rif assay; rifampicin; samples; settings; spc; specimens; states; stock; strains; tested; testing; total; tuberculosis; united; united states; use; validation; values; variability; world; xpert; xpert mtb cache: ajlm-1166.htm plain text: ajlm-1166.txt item: #31 of 366 id: ajlm-1167 author: None title: ajlm-1167 date: None words: 4872 flesch: 41 summary: A global proficiency testing programme for Xpert® MTB/RIF using dried tube specimens, 2013–2015. Afr J Lab Med. 2020;9(1), a1167. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v9i1.1167 Original Research A global proficiency testing programme for Xpert® MTB/RIF using dried tube specimens, 2013–2015 Katherine Klein, Kyle DeGruy, Zilma Rey, Patricia Hall, Andrea Kim, Steve Gutreuter, Heather Alexander Received: 14 Jan. 2020; Accepted: 12 Aug. 2020; Published: 27 Nov. 2020 Copyright: © 2020. keywords: assay; assessment; atlanta; available; b-1; branch; centers; complex; control; countries; data; detection; disease; division; dts; expected; external; false; georgia; global; health; hiv; indeterminate; laboratory; mean; mtb; negative; number; participation; performance; points; positive; prevention; probe; proficiency; programme; proportion; pt programme; quality; resistance; results; rif; rif pt; rifampicin; rls; round; sample; satisfactory; sites; specimens; states; testing; tests; tuberculosis; tuberculosis complex; united; unsuccessful; validation; xpert; xpert mtb cache: ajlm-1167.htm plain text: ajlm-1167.txt item: #32 of 366 id: ajlm-117 author: None title: None date: None words: 3576 flesch: 46 summary: Direct microscopy was performed on all specimens; following microscopy, one specimen from each patient was selected randomly for bleach sedimentation and one for Lowenstein-Jensen culture. Results: Direct microscopy produced 28.8% AFB-positive results, whilst bleach sedimentation resulted in 30.3%. keywords: abuja; acid; afb; authors; bacilli; bleach; bleach sedimentation; centre; concentration; culture; detection; diagnosis; direct; dis; fast; health; high; hiv; hospital; int; laboratories; laboratory; lung; medical; method; microscopy; negative; nigeria; participants; patients; pmid; positive; pulmonary; rate; results; safety; sedimentation; sensitivity; settings; significant; smear; sodium; specificity; specimen; sputum; study; table; test; tuberculosis; use; zankli cache: ajlm-117.htm plain text: ajlm-117.txt item: #33 of 366 id: ajlm-1181 author: None title: ajlm-1181 date: None words: 2993 flesch: 43 summary: Broad spectrum antibiotic therapy with percutaneous drainage is the standard recommended treatment protocol for EPN classes I and II. The treatment options for patients with EPN classes III and IV depend on the presence and number of risk factors such as shock, acute kidney injury, thrombocytopaenia and coma. keywords: abdominal; air; antibiotic; authors; blood; case; ceftriaxone; children; clinical; coli; danfodiyo; danfodiyo university; day; department; emphysematous; emphysematous pyelonephritis; epn; factors; figure; gas; history; hospital; infant; infection; jiya; kidney; left; management; mass; meropenem; multiple; nigeria; normal; november; organisms; paediatrics; parenchyma; patient; pyelonephritis; rare; renal; risk; sokoto; spectrum; stage; study; system; teaching; teaching hospital; treatment; uduth; university; university teaching; usmanu; usmanu danfodiyo cache: ajlm-1181.htm plain text: ajlm-1181.txt item: #34 of 366 id: ajlm-1225 author: None title: ajlm-1225 date: None words: 5900 flesch: 38 summary: Although massive open online courses offer exciting opportunities to distribute knowledge on a massive and global scale, a full understanding of their effectiveness to deliver competency-based training to healthcare professionals remains limited and further research is warranted.47 The value of laboratory leadership programmes such as the one we describe here are starting to receive greater attention from the public health practice community48 and should be supported alongside other efforts to strengthen national laboratory systems.49 Limitations FIGURE 3: Participants’ self-perceived changes in key abilities after laboratory leadership and management programme in Zambia, 2016–2018. keywords: accreditation; africa; assurance; audits; available; blended; capstone; center; certificate; checklist; clinical; cohort; columbia; competency; compliance; control; course; curriculum; data; department; development; diagnostic; discussion; disease; draft; education; education center; effective; faculty; figure; global; global health; health; healthcare; homepage; impact; implementation; improvement; international; internet; iso15189; jul; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory leadership; laboratory management; laboratory quality; leadership; learner; learning; lms; lusaka; management; management training; managers; manuscript; medical; medicine; mentors; ministry; new; online; organization; participants; person; practice; prevention; process; professional; programme; progress; projects; public; public health; qms; quality; quality management; results; review; schools; seattle; services; skills; slipta; slmta; staff; states; support; systems; table; tech; time; training; united; university; washington; work; world; zambia cache: ajlm-1225.htm plain text: ajlm-1225.txt item: #35 of 366 id: ajlm-1228 author: None title: ajlm-1228 date: None words: 4910 flesch: 50 summary: The use of protein creatinine ratios has become widespread for routine urine protein analysis and several studies have demonstrated good correlation with the 24-h collection.11,12,13 TABLE 1: Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of random and 24-h urine collection for Bence Jones protein. The clinical utility of measured urine protein is improved when expressed as a ratio to urine keywords: africa; analysis; april; available; bence; bjp; chain; clinical; collection; comparison; correlation; creatinine; criteria; data; day; disease; durban; electrophoresis; equations; estimation; excretion; figure; free; group; h bjp; h urine; health; high; immunofixation; imwg; international; jones; jones protein; kwazulu; laboratory; light; march; measured; med; mg/24; monitoring; monoclonal; multiple; myeloma; natal; patients; peak; population; protein; random; random urine; research; response; results; samples; sebia; serum; south; studies; study; table; treatment; upep; urine; use; working cache: ajlm-1228.htm plain text: ajlm-1228.txt item: #36 of 366 id: ajlm-1229 author: None title: ajlm-1229 date: None words: 5379 flesch: 48 summary: Mobile tuberculosis testing should however be reserved for high-burden communities with limited access to laboratory testing where immediate intervention can benefit patient outcomes. The paucity of local data for mobile tuberculosis testing highlights the need for a comprehensive costing study, which could inform the modalities of providing these services and identify scenarios that are best suited for on-site testing. keywords: aec; africa; annual; available; burden; care; case; cd4; clinical; collection; communities; coordinator; cost; costing; data; department; determined; diagnosis; equipment; external; genexpert; haematology; health; health laboratory; high; higher; hiv; homepage; internet; johannesburg; laboratory; laboratory testing; local; management; med; mining; mobile; mobile testing; mobile units; mtb; national; national health; number; organization; overall; patient; peri; positive; priority; programme; purchase; quality; reagents; result; rif; service; south; south africa; staff; start; states; study; technologist; testing; time; total; traditional; treatment; tuberculosis; united; units; usd; vehicle; volumes; world; xpert cache: ajlm-1229.htm plain text: ajlm-1229.txt item: #37 of 366 id: ajlm-123 author: None title: ajlm-123 date: None words: 5328 flesch: 37 summary: Four areas where action could lower costs, reduce delays, and accelerate access to quality diagnostic products for health are: (1) adoption of common registration requirements and submission dossier for pre-market approval; (2) convergence of quality standards and mutual, or third-party, recognition of audit activities; (3) rationalisation of clinical performance studies in order to avoid unnecessary duplication; and (4) building transnational networks for post-market surveillance. The adoption and implementation of such measures in developing countries could accelerate access to new diagnostic tests that are safe and affordable. keywords: access; action; activities; approval; article; audit; authorities; authors; classification; clinical; common; companies; convergence; cost; countries; data; delays; devices; diagnostic; dossier; duplication; ghtf; global; harmonisation; health; information; intended; international; ivds; management; manufacturers; market; marketing; medical; microbiol; mutual; national; need; new; nras; order; organization; performance; pmid; post; pre; process; products; protocols; public; pubmed; quality; quo; recognition; regulation; regulatory; requirements; review; risk; safety; standards; status; studies; submission; surveillance; system; tests; unnecessary; use; world cache: ajlm-123.htm plain text: ajlm-123.txt item: #38 of 366 id: ajlm-1244 author: None title: ajlm-1244 date: None words: 1311 flesch: 41 summary: While developed countries like the United States, Italy and Spain have struggled to cope with large-scale testing on multiple devices, many countries in Africa are disproportionately hit by the need for testing because of severe limitations in testing technologies. Responding to the pandemic in ways that strengthen health systems. keywords: africa; agencies; apr; article; continent; countries; covid-19; devices; diagnostics; emergency; health; instruments; laboratory; national; organization; pandemic; pcr; regulatory; states; support; systems; technologies; testing; united; use; world cache: ajlm-1244.htm plain text: ajlm-1244.txt item: #39 of 366 id: ajlm-1255 author: None title: ajlm-1255 date: None words: 6023 flesch: 46 summary: With the dedicated global efforts on preventing the spread of COVID-19 and flattening the curve, significant improvement must have occurred in improving the performance of COVID-19 test kits. Singapore’s Camtech, JN Medsys to increase production of COVID-19 test kits. keywords: acute; akoka; analysis; antibody; antigen; apr; april; article; assay; available; average; blood; cases; cgnph; characteristics; china; clinical; colloidal; communicable; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; data; department; detection; diagnostic; disease; figure; flow; genomics; gold; health; healthcare; homepage; igg; igm; income; infection; internet; kits; laboratory; lagos; limited; lmics; manufacturers; medical; medrxiv; method; middle; min; molecular; nigeria; non; novel; outbreak; pandemic; patients; pcr; performance; personalized; poor; population; range; rapid; rdts; real; research; respiratory; results; review; rna; samples; sars; sensitivity; serological; specificity; states; study; swab; testing; tests; time; total; transmission; type; united; university; use; viral cache: ajlm-1255.htm plain text: ajlm-1255.txt item: #40 of 366 id: ajlm-126 author: None title: ajlm-126 date: None words: 4506 flesch: 43 summary: Laboratory staff also mentioned that nurses and sometimes patients play a role in the contact between the clinicians and laboratory staff. The interface between clinicians and laboratory staff: A field study in northern Tanzania In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Research method and design    • Study design    • Study population    • Sample size, sampling procedures and data collection    • Data analysis • Ethical considerations • Trustworthiness • Results    • Participants    • Factors influencing the interface       • Organisational factors    • Personal factors • Discussion • Limitations of this study • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: Strengthening the communication and professional relationships between clinicians and laboratory workers is essential in order to positively change clinicians’ attitudes about the reliability of diagnostic tests, enhancing the use of laboratory diagnostics and, ultimately, improving patient care. keywords: analysis; analytical; care; clinical; clinicians; collection; communication; data; decision; design; factors; fgds; figure; findings; framework; groups; health; hospital; individual; information; institute; interface; interviews; kilimanjaro; kit; laboratory; laboratory staff; laboratory workers; lack; making; members; organisational; participants; patients; personal; phase; private; professional; profit; qualitative; quality; research; results; sample; sampling; services; staff; study; table; tanzania; test; time; treatment; use; workers cache: ajlm-126.htm plain text: ajlm-126.txt item: #41 of 366 id: ajlm-1261 author: None title: ajlm-1261 date: None words: 6472 flesch: 45 summary: (1%)36 in Australia may be due to the fact that most patients tend to seek medical care early enough in countries with good health insurance coverage which will enable a higher proportion to present with low-grade foot infection.37 Antibiotic resistance remains a huge problem among diabetic foot ulcer infections; it worsens prognosis and makes treatment outcomes poor.38 Multidrug-resistant bacteria were common (74/93; 80%) among IDFU cases in this study, and this is possibly due to inappropriate antibiotics use and unrestricted access to antimicrobial drugs in many low- and middle-income countries.39 This is similar to findings in studies conducted in other developing countries40,41 but contrasts findings of several studies in high-income countries including France which reported low prevalence of MDR bacteria among patients with IDFU.38,42 A wide spectrum of aerobic bacteria isolated in this study were found to be multidrug-resistant, comparable to findings elsewhere in Africa and Asia with high MDR rates involving mainly S. aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and P. aeruginosa.41,43 One in every three isolates of S. aureus in this study was MRSA. Predictors and treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in infected diabetic foot ulcer Significant factors associated with the presence of MDR organisms in diabetic foot infections included peripheral sensory neuropathy, a foot infection duration of more than a month and admission duration of more than a month (Table 2). keywords: africa; agar; agents; amputation; anaerobes; anaerobic; analysis; antibiotic; april; associated; atcc; aureus; authors; awolowo; bacteria; basingstoke; beta; burden; carbapenemase; cases; citrobacter; clinical; coli; common; control; countries; culture; data; department; detection; diabetes; diabetic; diabetic foot; discs; duration; esbl; et al; extended; facilities; factors; facultative; foot; foot infection; foot ulcer; genes; gentamicin; global; gnb; gram; hants; healthcare; hospital; idfu; ife; ile; infected; infection; inoculated; isolates; july; kingdom; klebsiella; kuwait; lactamase; limb; mdr; meca; med; medical; methicillin; month; mrsa; multidrug; negative; neuropathy; nigeria; obafemi; organisms; osun; outcomes; oxoid; patients; peripheral; plates; poor; prevalence; production; rates; resistant; results; risk; sci; species; spectrum; spp; state; study; susceptibility; table; teaching; tertiary; test; tested; treatment; ulcer; united; university; vancomycin; wound cache: ajlm-1261.htm plain text: ajlm-1261.txt item: #42 of 366 id: ajlm-1264 author: None title: ajlm-1264 date: None words: 2919 flesch: 36 summary: FIGURE 2: Differences in nevirapine samples (n = 87) assayed at UNMC-PSL (Omaha, Nebraska, United States, October 2017) and UZ-IPSL (Harare, Zimbabwe, May 2018). FIGURE 1: Differences in nevirapine concentrations assayed at UNMC-PSL (Omaha, Nebraska, United States, October 2017) and UZ-IPSL (Harare, Zimbabwe, May 2018); (a) Scatter plot (n = 95 data points). keywords: a5279; analysis; assay; assurance; buffalo; center; clinical; concentration; cross; data; difference; drug; harare; health; high; hiv; international; ipsl; laboratory; medical; nebraska; nevirapine; omaha; performance; pharmacology; pharmacy; plasma; project; quality; quantitation; research; results; samples; school; sciences; specialty; states; study; united; united states; university; unmc; validation; zimbabwe cache: ajlm-1264.htm plain text: ajlm-1264.txt item: #43 of 366 id: ajlm-127 author: None title: ajlm-127 date: None words: 4032 flesch: 38 summary: The conceptual model       • Inner circle: Three phases where communication takes place       • Outer circle: Factors influencing relationships and communication       • Organisational factors       • Personal factors       • Relationship between organisational factors and personal factors       • Context       • Analytical framework • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: The interface between clinicians and laboratory staff is where the two meet and work together to provide quality care to their clients (patients). The number and type of tests requested and the use of the test results for clinical decision making can be influenced by the interface between clinicians and laboratory staff. keywords: analysis; analytical; article; available; care; clinical; clinicians; communication; conceptual; countries; departments; education; facility; factors; field; framework; guidelines; health; identity; influence; information; institute; interface; iso; kit; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory services; laboratory staff; literature; management; model; organisational; organization; personal; personal factors; phases; quality; research; results; search; services; staff; standards; study; test; tropical; workers cache: ajlm-127.htm plain text: ajlm-127.txt item: #44 of 366 id: ajlm-1282 author: None title: ajlm-1282 date: None words: 1833 flesch: 38 summary: Introduction Since its appearance, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is caused by severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been responsible for severe respiratory disease similar to diseases commonly associated with the coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome; COVID-19 frequently requires hospitalisation in the intensive care unit and has had a high mortality rate.1 On the other hand, COVID-19 patients who require intensive care unit hospitalisation have significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, with lower levels of CD4 and CD8 T cell counts,8 with which levels of cytokines and T cells are inversely correlated.6,8 keywords: authors; ayyad university; cadi; care; cases; cd8; cell; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; disease; et al; faculty; hospital; il-6; immune; immunological; immunology; infection; inflammatory; intensive; laboratory; levels; lymphocytes; management; medicine; mohamed; patients; pharmacy; respiratory; sars; severe; severity; university; vi university cache: ajlm-1282.htm plain text: ajlm-1282.txt item: #45 of 366 id: ajlm-1284 author: None title: ajlm-1284 date: None words: 3822 flesch: 46 summary: Organisations in Côte d’Ivoire are now rapidly utilising VL dashboard information in programmatic and technical working group meetings. The dashboard enables users to assess relevant clinical data from all Ivoirians living with HIV who undergo VL testing through dashboard data visualisations, including the number of VL tests, kinds of samples tested, and VL levels stratified by demographics and geographic location. keywords: abidjan; access; aids; available; centers; clinical; control; côte; côte d’ivoire; dashboard; data; department; development; direction; disease; d’ivoire; electronic; figure; global; health; hiv; information; international; laboratories; laboratory; load; medicine; ministère; monitoring; national; number; october; people; prevention; programme; public; publique; samples; schools; seattle; software; source; states; support; system; tech; testing; tests; turn; united; university; viral; visualisations; vl dashboard; vl testing; washington cache: ajlm-1284.htm plain text: ajlm-1284.txt item: #46 of 366 id: ajlm-1290 author: None title: ajlm-1290 date: None words: 4247 flesch: 47 summary: Examinations were performed in the department’s state-of-the-art morgue following guidelines for performing autopsies on presumed COVID-19 cases. Bronchopulmonary samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing during postmortem should be taken for presumed COVID-19 cases. keywords: accra; acute; alveolar; anatomical; april; arrow; authors; autopsies; autopsy; bilateral; black; blue; bronchopulmonary; cases; clinical; contact; coronavirus; cough; cov-2; covid-19; dad; damage; death; department; diabetes; diagnosis; diffuse; disease; fever; figure; findings; formation; ghana; health; hospital; hyaline; hypertension; infection; j.m; lung; membrane; military; military hospital; nasopharyngeal; negative; non; oedema; old; pathological; pathology; patient; pcr; positive; postmortem; prominent; pulmonary; report; respiratory; results; rrt; sample; sars; severe; syndrome; testing; tests; wadhwani; year; ×100; ×400 cache: ajlm-1290.htm plain text: ajlm-1290.txt item: #47 of 366 id: ajlm-1298 author: None title: ajlm-1298 date: None words: 1231 flesch: 42 summary: According to Zhou et al., D-dimer levels exceeding 1.0 µg/mL at hospital admission correlated significantly with death among hospitalised COVID-19 patients in China, with a p-value of less than 0.001.3 Another study in Wuhan, China, which included 343 in-patients with confirmed COVID-19, showed that elevated D-dimer levels over 2 µg/mL at an early stage of hospitalisation correlated significantly with a high risk of death.4 Also, according to another study from China that included 1099 confirmed COVID-19 patients, results revealed that median D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels were higher among severe cases compared to non-severe cases, demonstrating that high D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity.5 Additionally, in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, China, a study showed that high levels of interleukin-6 were significantly associated with a high mortality rate.6 This finding was corroborated by Silberstein in this study.7 Liu Y et al. However, their association with mortality among COVID-19 patients has not been reviewed. keywords: ahmed; china; covid-19; department; dimer; disease; faculty; high; inflammatory; khartoum; laboratory; laboratory science; levels; markers; medical; medical laboratory; mortality; neutrophil; patients; predictors; science; study; sudan; university; wuhan cache: ajlm-1298.htm plain text: ajlm-1298.txt item: #48 of 366 id: ajlm-1302 author: None title: ajlm-1302 date: None words: 3339 flesch: 36 summary: To support a global action plan on AMR, the World Health Organization has developed the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System to provide a standardised approach for collection, analysis and sharing of data related to AMR to inform decision-making at national and international levels; surveillance of AMR bacteria in humans and animals across the globe is key in tackling the problem of AMR.5 Therefore, the swell in the numbers of COVID-19 patients could lead to the inappropriate use of antibiotics and subsequent selection of AMR bacteria. keywords: action; africa; agents; amr; animals; antibiotic; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; ast; aureus; authors; available; bacteria; capacity; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; culture; data; decisions; diagnostic; disease; egyir; evidence; ghana; global; health; healthcare; homepage; increase; infections; influenza; internet; july; laboratory; local; majority; methicillin; national; need; new; organisation; pandemic; pathogens; patients; plan; prevention; public; research; resistance; respiratory; secondary; species; staphylococcus; study; surveillance; treatment; use; world cache: ajlm-1302.htm plain text: ajlm-1302.txt item: #49 of 366 id: ajlm-1303 author: None title: ajlm-1303 date: None words: 5318 flesch: 54 summary: TABLE 1: Characteristics of sickle cell samples tested in Uganda from 01 February 2014 to 31 March 2019. TABLE 2: Sample delivery phase turn-around time for sickle cell samples collected in Uganda, by parameter, February 2014 to March 2019. keywords: africa; anaemia; analysis; blood; case; cell; cell disease; cell screening; center; central; children; cincinnati; cohort; collection; cost; cphl; data; days; delivery; disease; dispatch; early; effectiveness; equipment; february; global; health; healthcare; high; hiv; hospital; ief; inbound; iqr; kiyaga; laboratory; march; median; medical; ministry; months; national; newborn; ohio; overall; parameters; personnel; phase; programme; public; receipt; region; reporting; result; saharan; sample; screening; sickle; sickle cell; states; study; sub; table; tat; tats; testing; time; turn; uganda; united; universal; us3; usd; year cache: ajlm-1303.htm plain text: ajlm-1303.txt item: #50 of 366 id: ajlm-1307 author: None title: ajlm-1307 date: None words: 2472 flesch: 42 summary: With transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) firmly established in our communities, infection amongst laboratory staff and laboratory outbreaks pose a serious threat to both private and public pathology laboratories and have the potential to derail the already-strained pathology services. This further limited potential exposure of laboratory staff, whilst reducing strain on hospital testing sites, and facilitated a shorter time to result, allowing for the resumption of clinical diagnostic services. keywords: acute; africa; available; cape; cape town; cases; contact; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; delivery; diagnostic; division; exposure; groote; health; hospital; infection; laboratory; management; measures; medical; members; national; outbreak; pathology; positive; prevention; response; risk; sars; schuur; service; severe; south; spread; staff; syndrome; testing; town; transmission; university; work cache: ajlm-1307.htm plain text: ajlm-1307.txt item: #51 of 366 id: ajlm-1308 author: None title: ajlm-1308 date: None words: 3172 flesch: 44 summary: Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: Interim guidance, 2 March 2020 The Laboratory and Research Team, which is charged with the responsibility of improving laboratory capacity and capability, is structured into three groups comprising a pre-analytical group (sample collection, inactivation, identification numbers), an analytical group (rRT-PCR testing) and a post-analytical group (validation and reporting test results). keywords: abdou; acute; available; capacity; cases; cermes; coronavirus; country; cov-2; covid-19; de la; des; detection; emergency; faculté; health; homepage; internet; kits; la santé; laboratory; management; maradi; moumouni; national; niamey; niger; organisation; pandemic; patients; pcr; plan; regions; research; respiratory; response; risk; rna; rrt; samples; santé; sars; sciences; sciences de; severe; syndrome; team; team covid-19; testing; time; université; world; zinder cache: ajlm-1308.htm plain text: ajlm-1308.txt item: #52 of 366 id: ajlm-1317 author: None title: ajlm-1317 date: None words: 4495 flesch: 55 summary: Concerned as India decides to stop use of Chines COVID-19 test kits. These include instances such as India stopping the use of 500 000 PoCTs from two Chinese firms for questionable efficacy,20 a report of initial PCR test kits that were contaminated with coronavirus synthetic materials in the United States,21 Britain buying millions of PoCTs that did not work,22 first samples of PoCTs manufactured in India failing the quality tests,23 and Spain withdrawing Chinese-manufactured kits with a sensitivity of 30%.24 It is noteworthy that kit 11, which failed in this study, is from the same company that made the kits that failed in India. keywords: assays; assessment; bands; blood; board; care; cases; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; diagnostic; evaluation; figure; health; igg; igm; innovation; innovation technology; institute; intensities; june; kenya; kenya medical; kits; low; manufacturers; march; medical; medical research; nairobi; national; need; organization; patients; pcr; pharmacy; pocts; point; poisons; positive; pre; real; research; research institute; results; rrt; samples; sars; sensitivities; sensitivity; serological; specificity; states; study; technology transfer; tests; time; transfer; transfer division; united; use; world cache: ajlm-1317.htm plain text: ajlm-1317.txt item: #53 of 366 id: ajlm-1318 author: None title: ajlm-1318 date: None words: 4999 flesch: 53 summary: Laboratory turnaround time. 2012;15(12):759–763. Kaushik N, Khangulov VS, O’Hara M, Arnaout R. Reduction in laboratory turnaround time decreases emergency room length of stay. keywords: africa; analysis; analytical; april; authorisation; authorised; authors; blood; calculated; cape; care; clinical; clinicians; collection; contribution; count; data; department; emergency; haematology; health; healthcare; hospital; interval; intra; iqr; lab tat; laboratories; laboratory; lis; median; min; missing; national; outpatient; pathology; patients; performance; period; phases; phlebotomy; points; post; preanalytical; prolonged; receipt; registration; reports; results; retrospective; review; samples; service; south; study; system; table; tat; tbh; tests; time; total; total tat; town; turnaround; turnaround time; tygerberg; university; use cache: ajlm-1318.htm plain text: ajlm-1318.txt item: #54 of 366 id: ajlm-132 author: None title: ajlm-132 date: None words: 2878 flesch: 44 summary: Staff In many facilities, laboratory phlebotomy staff draw blood from outpatients whereas doctors and nurses usually draw blood from inpatients. The validity of any laboratory test result hinges on specimen quality; thus, as the push for laboratory quality improvement in Africa gathers momentum, the practice of phlebotomy should be subjected to critical appraisal. keywords: accreditation; africa; analysis; analytical; article; available; blood; cases; certification; chem; clin; clinical; collection; continuous; countries; current; errors; facilities; guidelines; health; healthcare; identification; improvement; inadequate; information; laboratory; limited; management; med; medicine; organization; patient; personnel; phase; phlebotomists; phlebotomy; post; practice; pre; procedures; process; quality; resource; safety; sample; services; specific; specimen; staff; systems; testing; training; transfusion; use cache: ajlm-132.htm plain text: ajlm-132.txt item: #55 of 366 id: ajlm-1326 author: None title: ajlm-1326 date: None words: 4558 flesch: 38 summary: It has since escalated into a global pandemic with over 36 million cases and more than a million deaths worldwide as of 10 October 2020.2 Laboratory testing to detect, isolate and treat cases is key to the containment of the virus; establishing widespread diagnostic capacity has been a strategy of successful response in countries like South Korea.3 To date, molecular methods, particularly real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), remain the mainstay of diagnostic testing.4 Molecular diagnostic capability is in short supply in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. It is desirable that laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 is made available close to the ‘frontline’ of the pandemic, that is, within hospitals whenever feasible and safe, as this enables clinical teams to make critical decisions about inpatient management.12 These decisions include whether to isolate patients, thereby preventing the nosocomial spread of COVID-19, and how to allocate scarce personal protective equipment (PPE). keywords: africa; areas; article; available; benin; biosafety; cases; centre; china; city; collaboration; commercial; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; diagnostic; disease; edo; efforts; equipment; excellence; fever; figure; health; hospital; ilfrc; innovation; institute; irrua; laboratories; laboratory; lassa; lessons; low; machine; medical; memorandum; molecular; ncdc; need; network; nigeria; pandemic; pcr; platform; ppe; public; real; reproductive; research; resource; response; room; sample; sars; scale; scientists; setting; shanghai; site; specialist; staff; state; supply; support; surveillance; teaching; testing; time; training; ubth; understanding; university; use; world cache: ajlm-1326.htm plain text: ajlm-1326.txt item: #56 of 366 id: ajlm-1332 author: None title: ajlm-1332 date: None words: 1982 flesch: 46 summary: As of 30 June 2020, the day the state of emergency was lifted, the authorities had reported 6698 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 108 COVID-19 related deaths1,3,4 thus the country was confronted with managing the expected rainy-season malaria epidemic and the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. An important epidemiological reminder in this current context Before and after the ease of lockdown measures on 04 June 2020, Senegal had been experiencing constantly increasing COVID-19 cases, as evidenced by a 22% increase in cases during the month of June 2020. keywords: article; authors; available; cases; control; coronavirus; covid-19; current; dakar; deaths; diagnostic; diallo; diongue; diseases; ebola; emergency; fever; health; homepage; important; infected; internet; jun; june; malaria; mycology; organization; paludisme; pandemic; parasitology; pnlp; rapid; related; season; senegal; test; transmission; university; use; world cache: ajlm-1332.htm plain text: ajlm-1332.txt item: #57 of 366 id: ajlm-1340 author: None title: ajlm-1340 date: None words: 2958 flesch: 46 summary: In the absence of an innovation in LRS technology that can significantly increase accuracy and throughput and reduce costs far beyond what SRS technologies offer, I would argue that it is unlikely that LRS technologies completely replace SRS technologies in the next 10 years. Interestingly, LRS technologies are approaching SRS in terms of cost and accuracy. keywords: accuracy; amplification; article; author; base; chain; complementary; cost; data; dna; figure; generation; genome; genomics; human; ibadan; illumina; long; lrs; market; merger; methods; minion; molecule; nanopore; ngs; pacbio; polymerase; pyrosequencing; read; real; sanger; sequence; sequencing; short; single; smrt; solid; srs; strand; technologies; technology; terms; throughput; time; torrent; united; usd; years cache: ajlm-1340.htm plain text: ajlm-1340.txt item: #58 of 366 id: ajlm-1355 author: None title: ajlm-1355 date: None words: 2875 flesch: 40 summary: Abstract Introduction: A rare entity of a B-cell malignancy with precursor B-cell phenotype and concomitant translocation t(8;14) or variant MYC translocation exists. Conclusion: Leukaemia or lymphoma with translocation t(8;14) or variant MYC translocation and precursor B-cell phenotype is a rare entity with a varied clinical presentation. keywords: academic; africa; biopsy; bll; blood; burkitt; california; cell; charlotte; clinical; dako; denmark; department; entity; expression; extranodal; figure; fraction; glostrup; health; high; hospital; johannesburg; laboratory; leukaemia; lymphoblastic; lymphoma; mass; maxeke; molecular; myc; old; patient; phase; phenotype; precursor; presentation; scalp; services; south; south africa; states; t(8;14; tdt; translocation; tumour; united; university; witwatersrand cache: ajlm-1355.htm plain text: ajlm-1355.txt item: #59 of 366 id: ajlm-1365 author: None title: ajlm-1365 date: None words: 1630 flesch: 47 summary: https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v9i2.1103 Naidoo D, Ihekweazu C. Nigeria’s efforts to strengthen laboratory diagnostics – Why access to reliable and affordable diagnostics is key to building resilient laboratory systems. The article by Ondoa et al. presents the initial Africa-wide roll-out of a powerful new tool, the Joint External Evaluation Tool, which allows a country-wide comprehensive evaluation of diagnostic laboratory gaps and capabilities.4 keywords: afr j; africa; article; authors; boeras; connected; control; covid-19; data; diagnostics; disease; epidemic; evaluation; future; health; hiv; information; issue; j lab; laboratory; london; medicine; mobile; molecular; new; open; peeling; phones; potential; school; surveillance; systems; testing; tropical; united; use cache: ajlm-1365.htm plain text: ajlm-1365.txt item: #60 of 366 id: ajlm-137 author: None title: None date: None words: 5726 flesch: 50 summary: On the other hand, most mouse models of Rhodesian HAT have been extensively developed using the non-human infective T. b. brucei, which may possess dissimilar pathogenicity and drug susceptibility profiles when compared to the human-infective T. b. rhodesiense or T. b. gambiens e.11 In particular, these mouse models, being non-human infective and parasite-based, may not depict accurately the CNS involvement by human-infective parasites.10,11,12,15 Thus, mouse models for Rhodesian HAT, particularly those based on T. b. rhodesiense, are essential in order to provide a more correct depiction of the disease's pathogenicity and drug susceptibility profiles.11 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.012 Antoine-Moussiaux N, Magez S, Desmecht D. Contributions of experimental mouse models to the understanding of African trypanosomiasis. keywords: aceturate; acute; african; authors; blood; brain; brucei; chronic; coats; decline; development; diminazene; disease; dpi; drug; experimental; figure; forms; hat; hindleg; human; ilri-2918; ilri-3953; increase; infected; infection; ipr-001; kagira; kenya; late; levels; log10; long; mean; melarsoprol; mice; model; mouse; number; organs; parasitaemia; parasite; paresis; pattern; peak; peak parasitaemia; predominance; relapse; research; rhodesiense; second; short; slender; stabilates; stage; strains; studies; study; stumpy; survival; swiss; treatment; trop; trypanosoma; trypanosomiasis; trypomastigotes; virulence; white cache: ajlm-137.htm plain text: ajlm-137.txt item: #61 of 366 id: ajlm-1379 author: None title: ajlm-1379 date: None words: 1550 flesch: 41 summary: When COVID-19 samples are collected in designated laboratories, they are to be packaged and transferred to a biobank at 2 °C to –8 °C or frozen at –70 °C in a viral medium from the source laboratory8 and samples are to be transferred within 5 days of collection to a biobank. The implementation of biosecurity measures should be implemented at all stages from sampling to labelling, tracking, and handling of COVID-19 specimens and results.7 Due to the highly infectious nature of COVID-19 samples, they could be targeted as weapons of bioterrorism, and biobank staff could be used to gain access to these samples. keywords: article; assurance; authors; available; biobanking; biobanks; biosafety; college; coronavirus; covid-19; data; disease; efficiency; ethical; external; handling; homepage; ibadan; infection; internal; internet; laboratories; laboratory; management; medicine; personal; quality; research; risk; safety; samples; specimens; staff; university; use cache: ajlm-1379.htm plain text: ajlm-1379.txt item: #62 of 366 id: ajlm-1400 author: None title: ajlm-1400 date: None words: 5209 flesch: 57 summary: Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Lavendri Govender Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa Molecular Research and Development Department, Specialised Laboratory Services, South African National Blood Service, Durban, South Africa Rosaley D. Prakashchandra Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa Pavitra Pillay Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa Ute Jentsch Medical Department, Specialised Laboratory Services, South African National Blood Service, Durban, South Africa Citation Govender L, Prakashchandra RD, Pillay P, Jentsch U. Molecular red cell genotyping of rare blood donors in South Africa to enhance rare donor-patient blood matching. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1400 Original Research Molecular red cell genotyping of rare blood donors in South Africa to enhance rare donor-patient blood matching Lavendri Govender, Rosaley D. Prakashchandra, Pavitra Pillay, Ute Jentsch Received: 21 Sept. 2020; Accepted: 14 May 2021; Published: 27 Sept. 2021 Copyright: © 2021. keywords: african; alleles; antigens; assay; black; blood; blood donors; blood types; cde; cell; common; core; data; department; dna; donors; durban; frequency; genetic; genotype; genotyping; group; haemolytic; hfa; high; homozygous; hrb; hrs; immunohaematology; indian; jsb; kell; kidd; laboratory; low; matching; mixed; molecular; national; negative; patient; phenotype; population; positive; presence; present; race; rare; rare blood; rare donor; red; red cell; reference; results; rhd; r’r; screening; serology; service; similar; single; small; south; south african; study; subtype; table; technology; transfusion; types; united; white cache: ajlm-1400.htm plain text: ajlm-1400.txt item: #63 of 366 id: ajlm-1403 author: None title: ajlm-1403 date: None words: 3723 flesch: 44 summary: Having a master’s degree or a Doctor of Philosophy compared to having a certificate or diploma (crude OR: 4.51, 95% CI: 1.30–15.70), private or research laboratories compared to clinic or health centre laboratories (crude OR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.01–9.45) and COVID-19 training (crude OR: 12.97, 95% CI: 6.19–27.18) were associated with good COVID-19 practices (Table 5). Similarly, having a higher current qualification (master’s degree or a Doctor of Philosophy) and COVID-19 training were independently associated with good COVID-19 practice (Table 7). keywords: analysis; associated; attitude; available; biomedical; cases; chilufya; chilufya school; clinical; copperbelt; coronavirus; covid-19; covid-19 knowledge; cross; data; department; diagnosis; disease; factors; faculty; findings; good; good knowledge; health; healthcare; hospital; june; knowledge; laboratory; laboratory department; limited; management; medical; medical laboratory; medicine; michael; michael chilufya; ndola; online; participants; personnel; poor; practices; professionals; qualification; questionnaire; questions; research; respiratory; school; sciences; sectional; sep; serial; states; study; survey; table; training; university; workers; zambia cache: ajlm-1403.htm plain text: ajlm-1403.txt item: #64 of 366 id: ajlm-1408 author: None title: ajlm-1408 date: None words: 2385 flesch: 53 summary: Pattern of blood donation and characteristics of blood donors in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Blood donors have made it possible for blood to be available for transfusion to other patients. keywords: africa; article; authors; availability; available; blood; blood donation; cancer; challenges; collection; countries; covid-19; david; decline; demand; donation; donors; health; homepage; iii; impact; instance; internet; lockdown; low; lucero; management; measures; organization; pandemic; plasma; prisno; products; related; respiratory; safety; sars; services; shortages; staff; supply; transfusion; transmission; units; university; use; wang; zambia cache: ajlm-1408.htm plain text: ajlm-1408.txt item: #65 of 366 id: ajlm-1413 author: None title: ajlm-1413 date: None words: 2960 flesch: 35 summary: A World Health Organization survey of essential services revealed that HIV testing (n = 38) and viral load monitoring (n = 23) were the two most frequently interrupted testing services in the 61 countries that responded.11 It is important to note that laboratory testing is key to identifying disease cases, breaking transmission chains and monitoring patients on treatment. Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Collins O. Odhiambo African Society for Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Anafi Mataka African Society for Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Marguerite Massinga Loembe African Society for Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaLaboratory Division, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Pascale Ondoa African Society for Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaAmsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Citation Odhiambo CO, Mataka A, Massinga Loembe M, Ondoa P. Maintaining routine HIV and tuberculosis testing services in sub-Saharan African countries in the context of COVID-19: keywords: ababa; addis; addis ababa; african; article; authors; available; capacity; control; countries; country; covid-19; diagnostic; disease; emergency; equipment; essential; fund; global; health; healthcare; hiv; homepage; internet; labcop; laboratory; level; load; m&e; malaria; medicine; national; needs; network; organization; programmes; public; response; routine; scale; sept; services; society; sub; support; survey; system; testing; tuberculosis; united; viral; volumes; world cache: ajlm-1413.htm plain text: ajlm-1413.txt item: #66 of 366 id: ajlm-1414 author: None title: ajlm-1414 date: None words: 4203 flesch: 41 summary: Ebola virus laboratory response: The three Dutch Mobile laboratories in Liberia and Sierra Leone. The deployment of mobile diagnostic laboratories for Ebola virus disease diagnostics in Sierra Leone and Guinea. keywords: africa; assays; authors; available; capacity; central; centre; chain; conakry; container; countries; defense; department; deployment; design; diagnostic; disease; ebola; engagement program; equipment; evd; figure; freetown; gaithersburg; global engagement; guinea; health; homepage; inactivation; international; internet; laboratories; laboratory; leone; local; maryland; mdl; mdls; mobile; molecular; mriglobal; organization; outbreak; partners; pcr; polymerase; program; public; public health; reaction; reference; report; response; sample; sierra; sierra leone; site; specimen; staff; states; support; systems; testing; transfer; united; united states; virus; water; west; world cache: ajlm-1414.htm plain text: ajlm-1414.txt item: #67 of 366 id: ajlm-1429 author: None title: ajlm-1429 date: None words: 3735 flesch: 42 summary: The FIND had verified 21 NAAT assay manufacturer claims6 (< 8% of available assays by July 2020), and the WHO target product profile (TPP) version 0.1 was only released in August 2020.7 These challenges contribute to generating variability in the assay performance outcome and may make the difference between accepting different assays and criteria. keywords: acceptance; africa; article; assays; available; cape; challenges; clinical; collection; complexities; considerations; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; criteria; department; detection; diagnostic; different; direct; emergency; evaluation; extraction; faculty; gene; group; haematology; health; health sciences; homepage; input; internet; johannesburg; laboratory; massachusetts; medicine; medium; method; molecular; naat; national; new; number; pandemic; pathology; patient; pcr; performance; purification; range; rapid; results; rna; sars; school; sciences; sensitivity; settings; single; soc; south; specimens; states; swab; target; technology; testing; time; town; united; university; use; viral; volume; witwatersrand cache: ajlm-1429.htm plain text: ajlm-1429.txt item: #68 of 366 id: ajlm-1432 author: None title: ajlm-1432 date: None words: 4709 flesch: 50 summary: Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Victor N. Fondoh Bamenda Regional Hospital Laboratory, Regional Hospital Bamenda, Cameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon Department of Health Economics Policy and Management, Faculty of Business Management, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon Nobert Ndzenjempuh Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon Tamunjoh Stella Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon Richard M. Fondoh North-West Regional Fund for Health Promotion, Bamenda, Cameroon Charles N. Awasom Department of Anatomy, School of Health and Medical Science, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon Rebecca Enow-Tanjong Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon Egbe P. Egbengu Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Health and Medical Science, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon Robert Leke Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Health and Medical Science, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon Njini F.N. Rose Regional Hospital Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon Denis Nsame Regional Hospital Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon Citation Fondoh VN, Ndzenjempuh N, Stella T, et al. Prevalence of alpha and beta haemolysin among blood group O donors in Bamenda, Cameroon. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1432 Original Research Prevalence of alpha and beta haemolysin among blood group O donors in Bamenda, Cameroon Victor N. Fondoh, Nobert Ndzenjempuh, Tamunjoh Stella, Richard M. Fondoh, Charles N. Awasom, Rebecca Enow-Tanjong, Egbe P. Egbengu, Robert Leke, Njini F.N. Rose, Denis Nsame Received: 25 Oct. 2020; Accepted: 03 Feb. 2022; Published: 19 Apr. 2022 Copyright: keywords: abo; afr; age; alpha; alpha haemolysin; antibodies; bamenda; bank; beta; beta haemolysin; blood; blood donors; blood group; blood transfusion; cameroon; catholic; cell; clin; compatibility; data; department; donation; donors; figure; findings; fondoh; free; gender; group; group o; haemolysin; haemolysin prevalence; haemolysin titres; health; high; hospital; june; laboratory; malaria; management; medical; nigeria; north; o blood; o donors; participants; positive; practice; presence; prevalence; protocol; recipients; red; regional; rhbbb; rhesus; safe; school; sciences; screening; september; serum; significant; standard; studies; study; table; test; testing; titres; transfusion; tube; university; years cache: ajlm-1432.htm plain text: ajlm-1432.txt item: #69 of 366 id: ajlm-1433 author: None title: ajlm-1433 date: None words: 3681 flesch: 47 summary: Objective: The study described the appropriateness of plasma glucose test requests per the American Diabetes Association criteria. Inappropriate test requests from the medical wards and clinics (n = 82; 70.7%) were higher than those from the surgical wards and clinics (48 tests; p = –0.629) (Table 2). keywords: action; american; article; association; authors; burden; care; cases; chemical; classification; clinical; clinics; college; college hospital; costs; criteria; data; department; diabetes; diabetes mellitus; diagnosis; evidence; forms; fpg; glucose; health; hospital; ibadan; inappropriate; information; june; laboratory; management; medical; mellitus; mmol; nigeria; november; pathology; patient; persons; physicians; plasma; plasma glucose; postprandial; potential; prevalence; requested; requests; requisition; results; rpg; screening; setting; significant; study; surgical; table; test; test requests; testing; university; university college; use; utilization; wards cache: ajlm-1433.htm plain text: ajlm-1433.txt item: #70 of 366 id: ajlm-1434 author: None title: ajlm-1434 date: None words: 5881 flesch: 55 summary: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v17.i12.1543 Akinbami AA, Oshinaike OO, Dosunmu OA, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBe antigen) and B core antibodies (IgG anti-HBcore and IgM anti- HBcore) among hepatitis B surface antigen positive blood donors at a tertiary centre in Nigeria. Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Foluke A. Fasola Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Adeola A. Fowotade Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Adedayo O. Faneye Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Adeyeni Adeleke Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Citation Fasola FA, Fowotade AA, Faneye AO, Adeleke A. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety. keywords: algorithm; analysis; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; april; assay; b virus; bank; blood; blood donors; college; core; department; dna; donors; drugs; elisa; endemic; factors; hbc; hbc positive; hbcab; hbsag; hbv; hbv infection; health; hepatitis; higher; hospital; ibadan; igg; igm; infection; knowledge; likely; lower; med; nat; negative; nigeria; obi; objects; occult; participants; pcr; positive; positive anti; positivity; potential; prevalence; proportion; rapid; rdt; recipients; recreational; replacement; results; risk; safety; samples; screening; semi; sharp; significant; status; studies; study; surface; table; test; testing; times; total; transfusion; transmission; university; use; viral; virus; years cache: ajlm-1434.htm plain text: ajlm-1434.txt item: #71 of 366 id: ajlm-1445 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2020-12-21 words: 637 flesch: 31 summary: Ibrahim Abdelazim Molla Abebe Teferi M. Abera Aaron O. Aboderin Olusola A. Adejumo Ayorinde O. Afolayan Ali Akhtar Heidi Albert George Alemnji R. Joseph Alexis Getnet Ali Linda E. Amoah E. Andres Aje J. Anejo-Okopi John I. Anetor Enoch Aninagyei Kingsley Anukam Eunice Aroyewun Sola Aruna George Aryee George Awungafac Funmilola Ayeni Oluwatoyin A. Babalola Colleen Bamford Fay Betsou Debrah I. Boeras Seye Bolaji Yap J.B. Boum II Robert Butcher Jane Y. Carter Naseem Cassim Jennifer Coetzee Tjeerd Datema Angel N. Desai Samba Diallo Alpha A. Diallo Kwabena Duedu Adetoun Ejilemele Stephen G. Emerson Patrick Erdman Uchenna Ezenkwa Catherine Falade Emmanuel J. Favaloro Glen Fine Onikepe A. Folarin Adeola Fowotade Willy M. França Tiago S. Garcia Maria Gazouli Lisa Gerwing-Adima Mark A. Giffen Jr Chetna Govind Xu-Xiao Guo Tomáš Hanke Dominic J. Harrington Ekua Houphouet Noah Hull Hiroshi Ichimura Joseph Igietseme Zeynep O. Inal Emmanuel O. Irek Farzana Ismail Harparkash Kaur Luc Kestens Daniel Kimani Eric S. Klug Stephania K. Deme Kekoura Kourouma Joseph Larmarange Kim Lewis Ako-Egbe Louis Robert Luo Robert N. Maina David J. Marchant Puleng Marokane Talkmore Maruta Patrick Mateta Genevieve Mezoh James Miller A.H. Mohamed Meade Morgan Fausta S. Mosha Jacob S. Mwebi Prisha Naidoo Kameko Nichols Patrick Njukeng Johannes Nossent Ifeanyi Nsofor Jacinta Nwogu Roseangela Nwuba Stephen Obaro Celestina Obiekea Michael Ofori Olusegun S. Ojo Jude N. Okoyeh Ayobami Olaniyi Gisele Oliveira Geoffrey Omuse Cyprian Onyeji Jose Ortiz de la Rosa Philip O. Oshun Judith Owen Maria Pardos de la Gándara Dimitri Poddighe Nira Pollock Raymond Pranata Jackson A. Roberts Vincent Rotimi Celal Satici Nadeem Shaikh Andre St. Aubyn Bowers Yogesh Kumar Swami Vu Thi Thom Ralph Timperi Oyewale Tomori Cristina Touriño Noemi R. Tousignant Lara Vojnov Larry Westerman P. Yagupsky http://www.ajlmonline.org� https://ajlmonline.org https://ajlmonline.org https://ajlmonline.org https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user mailto:publishing@aosis.co.za http://www.ajlmonline.org Open Access Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: access; acknowledgement; african; appropriate; contact; details; diallo; expertise; george; http://www.ajlmonline.org; https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user; interest; joseph; journal; laboratory; manuscript; maria; medicine; patrick; peer; process; publication; reviewer; robert; selection; tel; timely; website cache: ajlm-1445.pdf plain text: ajlm-1445.txt item: #72 of 366 id: ajlm-1447 author: None title: ajlm-1447 date: None words: 2480 flesch: 54 summary: The pandemic is a frontal challenge to weak systems, but it also offers opportunities to develop them and build resilience, if the response is implemented with this in mind.6 For example, future procurement could be templated on more generally applicable network approaches to procurement and supply chain management outlined by Williams et al. for HIV, forestalling the procurement crises experienced in Africa with COVID-19 testing and personal protective equipment supplies.7,8 SARS-CoV-2 is not the only epidemic pathogen that circulated in Africa in 2020. African laboratory medicine in the time of COVID-19. keywords: afr j; africa; ajlm; articles; author; cases; coronavirus; countries; country; cov-2; covid-19; diagnostics; disease; early; editorial; epidemics; fast; fever; future; health; hiv; important; issue; j lab; journal; laboratory; lancet; lessons; local; long; low; medicine; new; okeke; open; outbreak; pandemic; peer; preparedness; public; response; review; sars; submissions; systems; testing; time; track; virus; volume; year cache: ajlm-1447.htm plain text: ajlm-1447.txt item: #73 of 366 id: ajlm-1448 author: None title: ajlm-1448 date: None words: 4656 flesch: 33 summary: Lessons learnt: Documentation, laboratory safety measures, laboratory management support, and reagent unavailability were estimated as the challenges that most affected the acquisition of laboratory accreditation. Recommendations: To surmount the anticipated challenges, there is the need for national strategic direction for laboratory accreditation, hospital and laboratory management support for the accreditation acquisition and maintenance processes, and sufficient technical assistance in the form of training and mentorship. keywords: accra; accreditation; accreditation process; acquisition; african; anatomical pathology; article; attrition; care; challenges; chemical; chemical pathology; countries; data; department; division laboratory; documentation; external; ghana; good; haematology; health; healthcare; hospital; hospital management; international; interviews; iso; key; ki-1; ki-2; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory accreditation; laboratory management; laboratory personnel; laboratory staff; management; manager; medical; mentorship; microbiology; military; military hospital; need; pathology; pathology division; personnel; policies; primary; process; processes; public; quality; requirements; resource; respondents; scientist; sector; service; staff; study; support; system; wadhwani; work cache: ajlm-1448.htm plain text: ajlm-1448.txt item: #74 of 366 id: ajlm-1457 author: None title: ajlm-1457 date: None words: 3761 flesch: 52 summary: Africa CDC, which was only three years old, was able to secure significant resources from external partners and rapidly build substantial testing capacity within Africa because it is a trusted institution. In Africa, the WHO-sourced kits were primarily distributed by Africa CDC, a technical institution of the African Union that was established in 2016 but officially launched in January 2017.14 Like other actors in this story, Africa CDC acted swiftly. keywords: africa; apr; article; available; c2020; capacity; cdc; center; control; coronavirus; countries; covid-19; data; diagnostic; disease; early; efforts; feb; february; figure; foundation; global; health; homepage; institutions; internet; jack; january; jun; kits; laboratories; laboratory; mar; march; molbiol; molecular; novel; organization; pandemic; partners; public; research; sars; speed; states; story; testing; tests; tib; training; united; world cache: ajlm-1457.htm plain text: ajlm-1457.txt item: #75 of 366 id: ajlm-1471 author: None title: ajlm-1471 date: None words: 690 flesch: 48 summary: Response from Attoh et al. Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Rujittika Mungmungpuntipantip Private Practice, Bangkok, Thailand Viroj Wiwanitkit Department of Community Medicine, DY Patil University, Pune, India Citation Mungmungpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Post-mortem diagnosis of COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020091263 Sriwijitalai W, Wiwanitkit V. COVID-19 in forensic medicine unit personnel: Observation from Thailand. keywords: article; attoh; authors; covid-19; diagnosis; disease; forensic; health; infection; mortem; mungmungpuntipantip; pathology; post; wiwanitkit; world cache: ajlm-1471.htm plain text: ajlm-1471.txt item: #76 of 366 id: ajlm-1476 author: None title: ajlm-1476 date: None words: 6038 flesch: 38 summary: Although the SLIPTA initiative has, to some extent, facilitated laboratory improvement in Africa, it may not specifically address the quality of processes in AMR laboratories, including sample culture, species identification, and susceptibility testing. First, the laboratories included in the pilot were not part of any active and ongoing programmes to improve laboratory quality such as the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation programme.15 Only 2 of the 11 laboratories reported a previous SLIPTA assessment. keywords: accreditation; africa; amr; amr scorecard; antimicrobial; assessment; assessors; ast; available; becton; blood; cameroon; care; checklist; clinical; countries; culture; data; diagnostics; dickinson; disease; ethiopia; evaluations; facilities; faeces; failure; february; find; global; health; identification; important; improvement; innovative; kenya; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory scorecard; level; management; mean; med; medical; methods; microbiology; national; new; organization; pathogens; patient; performance; pilot; procedures; process; qms; quality; range; regional; resistance; results; reviews; safety; samples; scorecard; scorecard assessment; scores; section; services; slipta; slipta scores; south; standard; strengthening; study; support; surveillance; systems; technical; testing; training; urine; use; weaknesses cache: ajlm-1476.htm plain text: ajlm-1476.txt item: #77 of 366 id: ajlm-1482 author: None title: ajlm-1482 date: None words: 4444 flesch: 37 summary: Performance of the phenotypic tests for L. monocytogenes identification The three phenotypic tests used to confirm the identification of L. monocytogenes by Vitek® 2 and discriminate it from the other Listeria species were β-haemolysis, the CAMP test, and AlaA activity (Table 2). The AlaA enzyme and Colorex Listeria agar lacked specificity for L. monocytogenes identification. keywords: accurate; activity; africa; agar; alaa; analysis; camp; colorex; control; data; detection; diagnostic; dxyl; environmental; fermentation; food; genome; haemolysis; health; identification; infection; innocua; isolates; johannesburg; l. innocua; laboratory; listeria; listeria monocytogenes; listeria species; methods; microbiol; microbiology; monocytogenes; national; negative; outbreak; performance; phenotypic; positive; predictive; public; results; samples; seeligeri; sequencing; services; south; species; specificity; strain; study; systems; table; tests; thomas; true; value; vitek; welshimeri; wgs cache: ajlm-1482.htm plain text: ajlm-1482.txt item: #78 of 366 id: ajlm-1485 author: None title: ajlm-1485 date: None words: 5563 flesch: 51 summary: The World Health Organization reports that most women and their newborn infants are likely to be discharged within one to two days following uncomplicated vaginal delivery, and within two to four days following uncomplicated caesarean delivery.27 Thus, infant birth HIV PCR results should, ideally, be available before the child gets discharged to allow immediate optimal management (prophylaxis, ART, or confirmatory testing). These patients would have been missed in our study, as we focused specifically on HIV PCR results. keywords: acid; africa; analytical; antiretroviral; art; birth; cape; children; clinical; cobas; confirmatory; data; days; diagnosis; division; early; faculty; follow; health; hiv; hiv pcr; hospital; indeterminate; infant; infection; initial; june; laboratory; life; medical; medicine; months; mother; national; negative; nhls; number; organization; patients; pcr; positive; pre; prevention; proportion; reactive; reasons; rejection; requests; research; results; samples; sciences; service; south; south africa; study; tat; testing; tests; time; town; transmission; tygerberg; virology; weeks; western; world cache: ajlm-1485.htm plain text: ajlm-1485.txt item: #79 of 366 id: ajlm-1492 author: None title: ajlm-1492 date: None words: 3526 flesch: 41 summary: The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa revealed the need to organise and maintain laboratory systems or networks that can rapidly and effectively adjust to carry out new diagnostic testing or laboratory services in response to large-scale epidemics.5 Another lesson learned from the Ebola outbreak was the need to set up a platform that enables planning and preparedness activities to be rapidly adapted to emerging pathogens or outbreaks.6 The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has further emphasised the overarching role of quality laboratory systems in disease outbreak preparedness and response in Africa and, specifically, in the Central Africa region. A shifting paradigm in strengthening laboratory health systems for global health: Acting now, acting collectively, but acting differently. keywords: accreditation; africa; africa region; biosafety; blis; cameroon; cdc; central; central africa; centres; control; countries; covid-19; development; disease; documents; ebola; framework; ghss; global; health; health systems; healthcare; implementation; information; laboratories; laboratory; lessons; management; member; national; network; organization; outbreak; personnel; platform; poc; project; public; quality; region; regional; response; rislnet; slmta; states; strengthening; support; surveillance; systems; testing; world cache: ajlm-1492.htm plain text: ajlm-1492.txt item: #80 of 366 id: ajlm-15 author: None title: ajlm-15 date: None words: 1858 flesch: 43 summary: Conclusion: Proper validation is vital before converting manual ELISA assays to automated or semi-automated methods. However, timing of manual assays usually starts only after reagents have been added to the last well of the plate; i.e. well incubation is timed rather than plate incubation. keywords: africa; anti; antibody; antigen; assay; automated; automation; calibration; controls; curves; elisa; enzyme; hib; human; immunoassay; immunosorbent; incubation; laboratory; manual; methods; minutes; mk016; phd; plate; protocol; results; south; steps; system; use cache: ajlm-15.htm plain text: ajlm-15.txt item: #81 of 366 id: ajlm-1504 author: None title: ajlm-1504 date: None words: 5800 flesch: 46 summary: Compliance to HIV treatment monitoring guidelines can reduce laboratory costs. After results authorisation, data are translated back to the EPRC and patient care is provided based on the results.7 With the OE workflow, all the required information is transmitted electronically and testing can commence with minimal RO processing, thus minimising transcription errors and improving order response,8 turn-around time, test ordering efficiency, laboratory utilisation, and, ultimately, patient care.9,10 As OE is part of the clinical workflow, it should ideally be implemented as a collaborative effort with the entire healthcare team.7 Order entry can influence and control test ordering patterns through structured order screens, manipulation of order sets and the analysis of real-time data to assess the impact of such changes.10 This is especially important in the context of national treatment guidelines such as for the care of HIV-positive patients, in which tests are performed based on standardised patient workup and care.11 Electronic gatekeeping, which is used to reduce unnecessary test requests, can also be programmed into the OE application to alert clinicians at the time of placing an order that their samples will likely not be processed.11 This study aimed to assess the comprehensive cost of running a full-service RO at a busy centralised academic laboratory that processes local samples and receives referred samples for specialist pathology testing and to assess the impact of the implementation of OE on RO costs. keywords: academic; activities; aec; africa; analysis; analytical; annual; application; april; available; building; capture; charlotte; clerks; cmjah; collection; computerized; cost; costing; data; details; electronic; entry; eprc; equipment; equivalent; facilities; facility; faculty; figure; health; health laboratory; healthcare; hiv; homepage; hospital; impact; implementation; information; internet; johannesburg; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory service; lis; manual; march; materials; maxeke; med; messengers; multiple; national; network; nhls; nov; office; operating; order; paper; pathology; patient; phc; pre; public; quality; rate; registration; request; required; results; sample; sciences; service; source; south; south africa; staff; staffing; states; study; system; testing; tests; time; total; university; usd; use; witwatersrand; workflow cache: ajlm-1504.htm plain text: ajlm-1504.txt item: #82 of 366 id: ajlm-1517 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 9, No 1 (2020) date: 2020-12-23 words: 2448 flesch: -151 summary: Lessons learnt Naseem Cassim, Ahsan Ahmad, Reubina Wadee, Jaya A. George, Deborah K. Glencross African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a909 | 28 September 2020 Original Research Development of dried tube specimens for Xpert MTB/RIF proficiency testing Kyle DeGruy, Katherine Klein, Zilma Rey, Patricia Hall, Andrea Kim, Heather Alexander African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1166 | 29 September 2020 Original Research Endometrial sampling at an academic hospital in South Africa: Histological findings, lessons learnt and interesting surprises Reena D. Mohanlal African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1038 | 29 September 2020 Original Research Serological detection of brucellosis among febrile, malaria-negative children and domesticated dogs in an urban African setting John B. Kalule, Joseph Tomusange, Teddy Namatovu African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a864 | 30 September 2020 Original Research Review of the Stepwise Laboratory Quality Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) version 2:2015 Tjeerd A.M. Datema, Linda Oskam, Jacqueline E.W. Broerse, Paul R. Klatser African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1068 | 28 October 2020 Original Research Postmortem diagnosis of COVID-19: Antemortem challenges of three cases at the 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana Seth A. Attoh, Frederick Hobenu, Lawrence Edusei, Kwasi Agyeman- Bediako, Clement T. Laryea, Edward O. Nyarko, Michael K. Amedi, Richard H. Asmah, Edward Asumanu, Mary McAddy, Anthony Maison, Godwin Nyarko, Raymond D. Fatchu, Kafui Akakpo African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1290 | 03 November 2020 56 62 67 73 82 90 97 103 110 Page i of iii Table of Contents i Editorial African laboratory medicine in the time of COVID-19 Iruka N. Okeke African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1447 | 21 December 2020 Original Research Diagnostic outcomes of bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsies performed at a hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Wanda S. Tshabalala, Somasundram Pillay, Douglas P.K. Wilson African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1028 | 25 February 2020 Original Research Evaluation of corrective actions of feedback from clinicians on Clinical Laboratory Services at Bamenda Regional Hospital Laboratory, Cameroon Victor N. Fondoh, Charles N. Awasom, Rebecca Enow-Tanjong, Richard M. Fondoh, Patrick Njukeng, Judith Shang, Julianna Ndasi, Moses Samje, Claris N. Muluh, Thompson N. Kinge African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a843 | 23 March 2020 Original Research Clinical staff knowledge and awareness of point-of-care-testing best practices at Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa Thumeka P. Jalavu, Megan Rensburg, Rajiv Erasmus African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a853 | 16 July 2020 Original Research Evaluation of the Ogawa-Kudoh method for tuberculosis isolation in two health units in Mozambique Carla M. Madeira, Khalide I. Azam, Daisy N. Sato, Celso Khosa, Nilesh Bhatt, Sofia O. Viegas African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a929 | 20 July 2020 Original Research Prevalence of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) among HIV-positive patients in Eswatini, 2014–2015 Samson M. Haumba, Mitsuru Toda, Rossana Jeffries, Peter Ehrenkranz, Munyaradzi Pasipamire, Trong Ao, Nomthandazo Lukhele, Sikhathele Mazibuko, Mandzisi Mkhontfo, Rachel M. Smith, Tom Chiller African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a933 | 29 July 2020 Original Research Detecting tuberculosis in pregnant and postpartum women in Eswatini Munyaradzi Pasipamire, Edward Broughton, Mandzisi Mkhontfo, Gugu Maphalala, Batsabile Simelane-Vilane, Samson Haumba African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a837 | 30 July 2020 Original Research Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst primary school children in Ikwo and Ohaukwu Communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria Nse O. Umoh, Chimezie F. Nwamini, Nyoho J. Inyang, Anthony N. Umo, Victor U. Usanga, Amos Nworie, Michael O. Elom, Boniface N. Ukwah African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a812 | 24 August 2020 Original Research Prevalence and aetiology of moderate and severe thrombocytopenia in a tertiary and quaternary centre in KwaZulu-Natal Ayanda G.P. Jali, Bongani B. Nkambule African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a799 | 24 August 2020 1 4 10 17 25 30 37 46 51 Vol 9, No 1 (2020) ISSN: 2225-2002 (print) | ISSN: 2225-2010 (online)African Journal of Laboratory Medicine http://www.ajlmonline.org Open Access Table of Contents ii Original Research Adult and paediatric haematology and clinical chemistry laboratory reference limits for Liberia Mark W. Kieh, Sarah M. Browne, Greg A. Grandits, Julie Blie, Jestina W. Doe-Anderson, Marie L. Hoover, Bionca Davis, Cavan S. Reilly, James D. Neaton, H. Clifford Lane, Stephen B. Kennedy African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1080 | 25 November 2020 Original Research Infant HIV diagnosis and turn-around time for testing in Malawi, 2015 Hammad Ali, Peter Minchella, Geoffrey Chipungu, Evelyn Kim, James Kandulu, Dalitso Midiani, Andrea Kim, Mahesh Swaminathan, Steve Gutreuter, John Nkengasong, Daniel Singer African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a904 | 26 November 2020 Original Research A global proficiency testing programme for Xpert® MTB/RIF using dried tube specimens, 2013–2015 Katherine Klein, Kyle DeGruy, Zilma Rey, Patricia Hall, Andrea Kim, Steve Gutreuter, Heather Alexander African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1167 | 27 November 2020 Original Research Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of gastrointestinal candidiasis among diabetic patients: A cross-sectional study Anthony P. Oyom, Emmanuel Okello, Victoria Acam, Christine Aramo, Bashir Mwambi, John C. Okiria, Caesar Oyet African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a997 | 10 December 2020 Original Research Evaluation of ceftriaxone-sulbactam-disodium edetate adjuvant combination against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative organisms Shilpi Gupta, Mahadevan Kumar, Shelinder P.S. Shergill, Kundan Tandel African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a991 | 10 December 2020 Original Research Validation of PHASE for deriving N-acetyltransferase 2 haplotypes in the Western Cape mixed ancestry population Celeste Swart, Surita Meldau, Chad M. Centner, Adrian D. Marais, Fierdoz Omar African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a988 | 17 December 2020 Original Research Sensitivity and specificity of mean platelet volume as a laboratory marker for irritable bowel syndrome: Can it be added to Rome criteria? Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari, Soheila Moein, Durdi Qujeq, Mehrdad Kashifard, Haydeh Alaoddolehei, Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1001 | 21 December 2020 Original Research Serologic evidence of seasonal influenza A and B in HIV patients on combined antiretroviral therapy in Lagos, Nigeria AbdulAzeez A. Anjorin, Barakat A. Adepoju African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1048 | 21 December 2020 Original Research Haematological indices of sickle cell patients with chronic leg ulcers on compression therapy Oluwatoyin A. Babalola, Ayodele Ogunkeyede, Abayomi B. Odetunde, Foluke Fasola, Anthony A. Oni, Chinedum P. Babalola, Adeyinka G. Falusi African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1037 | 21 December 2020 118 126 133 141 148 154 161 166 172 Original Research Categorising specimen referral delays for CD4 testing: How inter- laboratory distances and travel times impact turn-around time across a national laboratory service in South Africa Naseem Cassim, Lindi M. Coetzee, Deborah K. Glencross African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1120 | 21 December 2020 Original Research Weekly laboratory turn-around time identifies poor performance masked by aggregated reporting Lindi-Marie Coetzee, Naseem Cassim, Deborah K. Glencross African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1102 | 21 December 2020 Original Research Haematological reference intervals for healthy adults in Bamenda, Cameroon Victor N. Fondoh, Richard M. Fondoh, Charles N. Awasom, Pefoule L. Edith, Winlove A. Ntungwen, Bong Roland, Rebeca Enow-Tanjong, Patrick Njukeng, Judith Shang, Egbe P. Egbengu, Talkmore Maruta, Akazong Etheline, Robert Leke, Ayuk Leo, Denis Nsame African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1193 | 21 December 2020 Original Research Biochemical changes in whole blood stored for transfusion at Bungoma County Referral Hospital, Kenya Phidelis M. Marabi, Stanslaus Musyoki, Angela Amayo African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | a1182 | 21 December 2020 Lessons from the Field H3Africa partnerships to empower clinical research sites to generate high- quality biological samples Talishiea Croxton, Ndidi Agala, Emmanuel Jonathan, Olasinbo Balogun, Petronilla J. Ozumba, Enzenwa Onyemata, Shefiya Lawal, Manmak Mamven, Samuel Ajayi, Sylvia E. Melikam, Mayowa Owolabi, Bruce Ovbiagele, Dwomoa Adu, Akinlolu Ojo, Christine M. Beiswanger, Alash’le Abimiku African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 1 | keywords: a1244 |; access; african journal; african laboratory; anthony; august; case; clinical; contents; covid-19; december; diagnostic; evaluation; field; fondoh; glencross african; hiv; hospital; july; kim; laboratory medicine; lessons; management; medicine clinical; negative; november; open; opinion; original research; paper; patients; prevalence; research prevalence; september; south; south africa; study; table; testing; time; victor; vol; | a1001; | a1038; | a1084; | a1167; | a1182; | a1193; | a1290; | a1307; | a1447; | a799; | a810; | a812; | a837; | a843; | a853; | a864; | a889; | a909; | a929; | a935; | a937; | a939; | a974; | a979; | a988; | a991; | a997; | issn cache: ajlm-1517.pdf plain text: ajlm-1517.txt item: #83 of 366 id: ajlm-1518 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 9, No 2 (2020) date: 2020-12-23 words: 561 flesch: -113 summary: Part I: Developing an interactive turnaround time dashboard at a high-volume laboratory Naseem Cassim, Manfred E. Tepper, Lindi M. Coetzee, Deborah K. Glencross African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 2 | a947 | 29 April 2020 Lessons from the Field Timely delivery of laboratory efficiency information, Part II: Assessing the impact of a turn-around time dashboard at a high-volume laboratory Naseem Cassim, Lindi M. Coetzee, Manfred E.E. Tepper, Louella Perelson, Deborah K. Glencross African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 2 | a948 | 29 April 2020 Lessons from the Field An open-source molecular diagnostic platform approach for outbreak and epidemic preparedness Devy M. Emperador, Laura T. Mazzola, Cassandra Kelly-Cirino African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 2 | a1017 | 28 September 2020 1 3 12 21 29 Vol 9, No 2 (2020) Special Collection: AJLM 9(2)_2020_Contents.indd http://www.ajlmonline.org Open Access Table of Contents i Lessons from the Field Driving the usage of tuberculosis diagnostic data through capacity building in low- and middle-income countries Natasha Gous, Alaine U. Nyaruhirira, Bradford Cunningham, Chris Macek African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 2 | a1092 | 18 November 2020 Review Article Pooled testing: A tool to increase efficiency of infant HIV diagnosis and virological monitoring Wolfgang Preiser, Gert U. van Zyl African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 2 | a1035 | 11 August 2020 Opinion Paper Building diagnostic systems in Sierra Leone: The role of point-of-care devices in laboratory strengthening Rashid Ansumana, Fatmata Bah, Kan Biao, Doris Harding, Mohamed B. Jalloh, Ann H. Kelly, Francess Koker, Zikan Koroma, Mambu Momoh, Mohamed H. Rogers, James Rogers, Alice Street, Eva Vernooij, Isatta Wurie African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 2 | a1029 | 01 April 2020 Opinion Paper Nigeria’s efforts to strengthen laboratory diagnostics – Why access to reliable and affordable diagnostics is key to building resilient laboratory systems Dhamari Naidoo, Chikwe Ihekweazu African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 2 | a1019 | 26 August 2020 Opinion Paper Preparing national tiered laboratory systems and networks to advance diagnostics in Africa and meet the continent’s health agenda: Insights into priority areas for improvement Pascale Ondoa, Nqobile Ndlovu, Mah-Sere Keita, Marguerite Massinga- Loembe, Yenew Kebede, Collins Odhiambo, Teferi Mekonen, Aytenew Ashenafi, Amha Kebede, John Nkengasong African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 2 | a1103 | 21 September 2020 35 41 48 53 58 Page i of i Table of Contents i Editorial Connected diagnostics systems: The future of disease control in Africa Noah Fongwen, Debi Boeras, Rosanna W. Peeling, Timothy Amukele African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 2 | a1365 | 21 December 2020 Original Research Field evaluation of a mobile biosafety laboratory in Senegal to strengthen rapid disease outbreak response and monitoring Cheikh Fall, Aurélie Cappuyns, Oumar Faye, Steven Pauwels, Gamou Fall, Ndongo Dia, Moussa M. Diagne, Cheikh T. Diagne, Makhtar Niang, Alassane Mbengue, Martin Faye, Idrissa Dieng, Babacar Gningue, Abdoulaye Bousso, Ousmane Faye, Rudi Pauwels, Amadou A. Sall African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 9, No 2 | a1041 | 20 August 2020 Lessons from the Field Timely delivery of laboratory efficiency information, keywords: african journal; april; august; building; diagnostics; efficiency; faye; field; future; laboratory medicine; lessons; open; opinion; paper; systems; vol cache: ajlm-1518.pdf plain text: ajlm-1518.txt item: #84 of 366 id: ajlm-1529 author: None title: ajlm-1529 date: None words: 2352 flesch: 33 summary: Study setting This study was conducted at South Africa’s National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology mycobacteriology laboratory located in TBH. Annually, the TBH mycobacteriology laboratory processes approximately 10 000 specimens for M. tuberculosis complex culture from TBH. Easily obtainable anatomical specimens from non-sterile sites, such as urine and sputum specimens, are not re-decontaminated.11,12 Study design and data analysis A retrospective study was conducted to determine the number of M. tuberculosis complex cultures performed from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2018. keywords: additional; afb; africa; cape; complex; contaminated; culture; data; decontamination; detection; global; health; laboratory; liquid; medical; microscopy; mtb; mycobacterial; mycobacteriology; national; negative; nhls; non; positive; samples; service; south; specimens; study; tbh; testing; town; tuberculosis; tuberculosis complex; tygerberg; ultra; xpert; yield cache: ajlm-1529.htm plain text: ajlm-1529.txt item: #85 of 366 id: ajlm-1537 author: None title: ajlm-1537 date: None words: 5554 flesch: 54 summary: A study reported in 1991 from the United States described that haemoglobinuria was detected in 50.0% of adult PNH patients compared to 15.0% among children, and only 25.0% of adult PNH patients had bone marrow failure compared to 58.0% among children.8 Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PNH clones in paediatric patients with idiopathic AA, identify differences in clinical and laboratory features and outcomes, and determine the impact of clone size on clinical presentation. keywords: aerolysin; africa; africa department; albert; anaemia; analysis; aplastic; atg; blood; bone; cells; central; children; clinical; clone; cohort; count; cytom; cytometry; data; department; donor; durban; faculty; failure; figure; flow; fluorescent; gpi; group; haematology; haemoglobinuria; health; hla; hospital; hsct; immunosuppressive; impact; inkosi; ist; january; kwazulu; laboratory; luthuli; luzzatto; marrow; matched; median; monocytes; natal; negative; nocturnal; nocturnal haemoglobinuria; paediatric; paroxysmal; paroxysmal nocturnal; patients; pnh; pnh clone; population; positive; presence; presentation; prevalence; response; results; sciences; september; severe; severity; size; south; south africa; stem; study; therapy; treatment; united; university; white cache: ajlm-1537.htm plain text: ajlm-1537.txt item: #86 of 366 id: ajlm-1555 author: None title: ajlm-1555 date: None words: 4034 flesch: 52 summary: However, there is currently limited information about oral HPV infections in Nigeria. The situation of HIV infection has caused an increase in the prevalence of oral HPV infection, especially among HIV-infected individuals in developed countries.4 keywords: africa; age; attendees; authors; available; basic; cancer; carcinoma; clinic; common; dental; department; distribution; dna; faculty; genital; genotypes; group; high; higher; hiv; hpv; hpv infection; human; ibadan; individuals; infection; information; low; manuscript; medical; nigeria; oral; oral hpv; oropharyngeal; oyo; papillomavirus; participants; patients; population; positive; prevalence; region; risk; sample; sciences; sex; sexual; size; states; study; swab; table; total; united; university; vaccination; vaccine; virology; viruses; years cache: ajlm-1555.htm plain text: ajlm-1555.txt item: #87 of 366 id: ajlm-1565 author: None title: ajlm-1565 date: None words: 4518 flesch: 39 summary: Clinical laboratory tests: Which, why, and what do the results mean? Laboratory tests and samples The 18 basic clinical chemistry tests and serum analytes selected by the Ministry of Health Division of Laboratories for this PT programme were: urea, blood glucose, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (Enzyme Commission [EC] number: keywords: acceptable; accuracy; actions; aminotransferase; analysis; analytical; assessment; authors; available; basic; bilirubin; chemistry; cholesterol; clinical; control; corrective; countries; cycles; data; december; division; external; government; group; health; homepage; hospital; hygiene; iec; improvement; income; international; internet; iqc; iso; july; laboratories; laboratory; level; lomé; low; med; methods; ministry; national; organization; overall; owa; participation; performance; pls; proficiency; programme; public; public hygiene; quality; rate; results; samples; semi; spectrophotometers; study; system; testing; tests; togo; total; urea; use; world cache: ajlm-1565.htm plain text: ajlm-1565.txt item: #88 of 366 id: ajlm-1570 author: None title: ajlm-1570 date: None words: 8073 flesch: 40 summary: However, since the 2000s, many African countries have benefited from massive investments to strengthen laboratory capacities through projects fighting priority diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria). The need for laboratory capacity strengthening following a One Health approach is imperative. keywords: accreditation; accredited; africa; aids; amr; angola; animal; animal health; antimicrobial; approach; article; assurance; available; biosafety; bsl3; bsl4; building; cameroon; capacities; capacity; care; central; central african; centre; clinical; community; congo; conjointe; control; countries; country; data; dec; democratic; des; diagnostic; disease; disease surveillance; ebola; eccas; eccas countries; economic; emergence; epidemic; equatorial; evaluation; external; externe; fight; food; gabon; global; guinea; health; health laboratories; health organization; high; hiv; homepage; hospital; human; ihr; improvement; infect; infectious; information; integrated; international; internet; iso; jee; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory capacity; laboratory systems; level; libreville; limited; low; malaria; management; med; medical; medicine; microbiology; mobile; national; network; new; nov; number; organization; outbreaks; pathogens; patient; principales; process; project; quality; reference; region; regional; report; republic; research; resistance; response; results; review; risk; role; rsi; rwanda; services; slmta; standards; states; strategic; strengthening; sub; support; surveillance; systems; terms; testing; treatment; tuberculosis; united; use; veterinary; world; world health cache: ajlm-1570.htm plain text: ajlm-1570.txt item: #89 of 366 id: ajlm-1571 author: None title: ajlm-1571 date: None words: 4888 flesch: 46 summary: Countries are expected to invest resources to limit the impact of disease outbreaks and natural disasters.6 Epidemic preparedness is a measure of the capacity of countries to detect, report, and respond to outbreaks. Talkmore Maruta Laboratory Department, African Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia Sikhulile Moyo Laboratory Department, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana Citation Maruta T, Moyo S. Impact of pre-COVID-19 epidemic preparedness on the trajectory of the pandemic in African countries. keywords: african; afro; areas; available; capacities; cases; categories; coordination; countries; country; covid-19; covid-19 cases; data; day; days; disease; entry; epidemic; evaluation; february; ghs; ghs index; global; health; health organization; higher; homepage; impact; implementation; index; indicators; international; internet; jan; jee; laboratory; mean; number; organization; overall; pandemic; people; performance; population; ports; preparedness; public; public health; rapid; region; response; scores; security; surveillance; systems; table; world; world health cache: ajlm-1571.htm plain text: ajlm-1571.txt item: #90 of 366 id: ajlm-158 author: None title: None date: None words: 5045 flesch: 44 summary: Serogrouping and serotyping of Salmonella isolates Biochemically identified Salmonella isolates were serogrouped initially by slide agglutination using commercially-available Salmonella O antiserum (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, United States). MDR Salmonella was defined as any isolate that showed resistance to at least three different classes of antibiotics.11 Screening for ESBL production in Salmonella isolates was done using the standard procedure of measuring the zones of inhibition surrounding cefotaxime and ceftazidime discs versus cefotaxime-clavulanic acid and ceftazidime-clavulanic acid discs, respectively. keywords: abdel; acid; agents; ampicillin; animal; antibiotic; antimicrobial; article; authors; cairo; chemother; chicken; ciprofloxacin; class; clavulanic; clinical; detection; disease; distribution; egg; egypt; enterica; enteritidis; esbl; et al; extended; faecal; faeces; food; gene; health; high; human; infect; infection; integrons; isolates; kentucky; lactamase; markets; mdr; meat; medical; microbiol; multidrug; nalidixic; naval; parts; pcr; poultry; presence; prevalent; production; program; rates; raw; research; resistance; results; salmonella; salmonella isolates; samples; serogroups; serotypes; serovar; skin; spectrum; statistical; strains; studies; study; sul1; sul2; sulphonamide; susceptibility; table; testing; typhimurium; unit; work cache: ajlm-158.htm plain text: ajlm-158.txt item: #91 of 366 id: ajlm-1587 author: None title: ajlm-1587 date: None words: 4160 flesch: 45 summary: Deoxyribonucleic acid from FFPE tissue samples and control blood samples was amplified by high-resolution melt real-time polymerase chain reaction before sequencing. Although blood collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or fresh frozen tissue samples are the best source of DNA and the preferred material used for genetic testing, numerous studies have reported on the successful use of FFPE tissue samples.2,14,15 The successful use of FFPE tissue samples is particularly encouraging because African forensic pathology still faces the dire reality of inadequate funding and resource allocation required to maintain freezer preservation systems for routine collection and storage of blood or tissue samples.15,16,17 Forensic molecular pathology is an emerging field with significant clinical impact; its techniques are used to diagnose preventable and inherited causes of death.18,19,20 keywords: acid; africa; amplicons; amplification; analysis; applications; archives; authors; blood; days; death; deoxyribonucleic; department; diagnostics; dna; document; et al; extraction; ffpe; ffpe dna; ffpe samples; ffpe tissue; figure; fixation; forensic; formalin; genetic; health; high; int; kit; kits; legal; med; medicine; molecular; mortem; online; paraffin; pathology; pcr; post; pretoria; prinsloo; prospective; qiagen; quality; research; resolution; results; samples; sci; south; study; successful; sudden; supplementary; table; testing; time; tissue; tissue samples; toit; united; university; use; van; years cache: ajlm-1587.htm plain text: ajlm-1587.txt item: #92 of 366 id: ajlm-1594 author: None title: ajlm-1594 date: None words: 6842 flesch: 37 summary: Information gathered through countries’ and WHO Regional Offices’ feedback After the end of the first GLASS data call in August 2017 and the last data call in August 2019, enrolled African countries, the WHO Regional Office for Africa and the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean were asked to provide feedback to a set of questions covering three themes: Constraints: the difficulties encountered to participate in GLASS data calls. TABLE 3: Summary of confirmed bacterial infections and patient with AST results, by infection site and pathogen, reported by Egypt, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, and Zambia during three in GLASS data calls (2017–2019). keywords: africa; amr; amr data; amr surveillance; antibiotics; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; ast; available; axis; bacterial; bloodstream; boxplots; calls; carbapenems; clinical; coli; constraints; continent; countries; country; data; data calls; dot; egypt; ethiopia; feedback; glass; glass data; global; health; impact; implementation; infections; information; laboratories; laboratory; list; madagascar; malawi; mali; median; mozambique; national; national amr; nigeria; number; office; organization; participation; pathogen; patients; pneumoniae; proportion; rates; red; regional; reported; reporting; resistance; results; single; south; south africa; sudan; surveillance; surveillance system; system; systematic; table; tunisia; uganda; use; value; world; year; zambia cache: ajlm-1594.htm plain text: ajlm-1594.txt item: #93 of 366 id: ajlm-1597 author: None title: ajlm-1597 date: None words: 2445 flesch: 38 summary: Comparative evaluation of colistin susceptibility testing methods among carbapenem-nonsusceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Vuyolwethu Fadana School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Department Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa Teena Thomas School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Infectious Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa Nina von Knorring School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Mycobacteriology Referral Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Fadana V, Thomas T, Von Knorring N. Retrospective analysis of Vitek®2 performance compared to manual broth micro-dilution for colistin susceptibility testing of Acinetobacter baumannii complex isolates in South Africa. keywords: acinetobacter; africa; agreement; alternative; analysis; antimicrobial; ast; available; baumannii; broth; categorical; clinical; colistin; complex; data; dilution; error; essential; figure; health; isolates; johannesburg; laboratory; major; manual; mbmd; methods; number; pathology; patient; performance; rate; resistant; results; south; study; susceptibility; testing; vitek; vme; xdr cache: ajlm-1597.htm plain text: ajlm-1597.txt item: #94 of 366 id: ajlm-16 author: None title: ajlm-16 date: None words: 2815 flesch: 43 summary: In contrast, data on the epidemiology of ESBL enzymes is very limited in Nigeria. Diagnostic improvements to allow routine detection and reporting of ESBL production in Enterobacteriaceae will help greatly in avoiding these costs. keywords: acid; admission; agents; amplified; antibiotics; antimicrob; authors; awolowo; blood; case; cassette; cephalosporins; chemother; class; clavulanic; clinical; coli; complex; ctx; diagnostic; enterobacteriaceae; esbl; failure; fever; genes; health; history; hospital; ife; ile; infection; integron; isolate; k01; klebsiella; laboratory; lactamase; lane; m-15; microbiology; nigeria; obafemi; patient; pcr; pneumoniae; prolonged; report; resistance; spectrum; strain; table; teaching; therapy; transfusions; treatment; university; week cache: ajlm-16.htm plain text: ajlm-16.txt item: #95 of 366 id: ajlm-1625 author: None title: ajlm-1625 date: None words: 4629 flesch: 51 summary: This study overviews of RBC immunological risks among patients with chronic diseases who are lifelong blood transfusion patients. Red blood cell alloimmunisation in multi-transfused patients from an haemodialysis service in Burkina Faso. keywords: abo; africa; agents; alloantibodies; alloantibody; alloimmunisation; anaemia; analysis; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigens; biologique; blood; blood cell; blood transfusion; burkina; burkina faso; case; cell; cell alloimmunisation; center; centre; chronic; clinique; column; countries; country; crf; data; department; disease; distribution; donors; erythropoietin; et al; factors; failure; faso; fundamental; gel; group; haematology; haemodialysis; health; high; hospital; kidney; laboratory; matching; med; multi; national; nebie; number; ouagadougou; ouedraogo; panels; patients; positive; range; rate; rbc; received; red; red blood; renal; research; results; rhd; risk; saharan; sawadogo; sciences; screening; sickle; specificity; studies; study; sub; table; teaching; transfusion; units; university; yalgado; years cache: ajlm-1625.htm plain text: ajlm-1625.txt item: #96 of 366 id: ajlm-1628 author: None title: ajlm-1628 date: None words: 3639 flesch: 46 summary: FIGURE 2: Plasma concentrations of (a) total and (b) unbound valproic acid plasma concentration in 93 critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit at Windhoek Central Hospital (Windhoek, Namibia) from January 2013 to July 2019. The therapeutic ranges were 50 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL for total valproic acid plasma concentration and 2.5 μg/mL to 20.0 μg/mL for unbound valproic acid plasma concentration:4,5 Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the results. keywords: acid; acid plasma; albumin; binding; care; central; concentration; data; drug; drug monitoring; equation; faculty; free; health; high; hospital; icu; ill; ill patients; intensive; july; levels; measured; monitoring; namibia; patients; pharmacokinetics; pharmacy; phenytoin; phenytoin concentrations; phenytoin plasma; plasma; plasma concentration; protein; range; school; sciences; serum; study; therapeutic; therapeutic drug; therapeutic range; total; total phenytoin; total plasma; tozer; unbound; unbound plasma; unit; university; use; valproic; valproic acid; variability; windhoek cache: ajlm-1628.htm plain text: ajlm-1628.txt item: #97 of 366 id: ajlm-1644 author: None title: ajlm-1644 date: None words: 5021 flesch: 49 summary: The RDW showed diagnostic significance in SCD phenotypes at 21.1 ROC curve coordinate with 67.7% sensitivity, 90.0% specificity, 0.789 accuracy, 70.5% positive predictive validity, 88.8% negative predictive validity, 6.77 positive likelihood ratio, 0.36 negative likelihood ratio and 18.94 (11.4–31.4) odds ratio. Conclusion: An RDW of 21.1% is potentially a predictor of SCD haemoglobin phenotypes and should be included in the haematology screening algorithm as a critical value, above which suspected cases qualify to be investigated for SCD. Red cell distribution ROC curve in SCT phenotyping The RDW proportion for pure haemoglobin AS genotype was 21.1% (n = 103; ROC curve flowed along the diagonal line with a Youden index = 0.501; p = 0.976) for diagnosis of pure sickle cell trait (SCT) phenotype (Table 2, Figure 2). keywords: accuracy; africa; anemia; biomarker; blood; cases; cell; cell distribution; children; control; curve; data; december; deficiency; diagnosis; diagonal; disease; disorders; distribution; distribution width; figure; free; genotype; group; haemoglobin; haemoglobinopathies; health; high; hospital; index; iqr; iron; january; kenya; kisumu; laboratory; likelihood; likely; line; low; marker; negative; non; optimal; patients; phenotypes; point; population; positive; predictive; ratio; rdw; red; red cell; roc; roc curve; scd; sciences; screening; sensitivity; sickle; sickle cell; significant; size; specificity; study; table; technology; test; thalassaemia; use; value; western; western kenya; width; youden cache: ajlm-1644.htm plain text: ajlm-1644.txt item: #98 of 366 id: ajlm-1645 author: None title: ajlm-1645 date: None words: 5464 flesch: 56 summary: Haematological conditions were found to be common causes of pancytopenia. Their study showed chemoradiation therapy to be the most common cause of pancytopenia and revealed infection as another prominent cause.38 Haematological malignancy, which was not a prominent cause of pancytopenia in their study, was the third most common cause of pancytopenia in this study. Infection, megaloblastic anaemia and aplastic anaemia are common causes of pancytopenia in developing countries while HM is the most common cause in developed countries (Table 1). keywords: academic; adult; advanced; advanced hiv; aetiology; africa; age; anaemia; aplastic; associated; available; b12; blood; bme; bone; cape; care; cases; cause; cd4; centre; chemoradiation; clinical; clinico; common; common cause; count; countries; cytopenias; data; december; deficiency; diagnosis; different; disease; economic; etiological; examination; factors; figure; findings; folate; groups; haematological; health; hiv; hospital; india; infection; information; investigation; january; laboratory; lis; malignancies; malignancy; marrow; med; megaloblastic; national; negative; new; non; old; onset; pancytopenia; pancytopenia cases; pathology; patients; poor; positive; positive patients; profile; research; sepsis; socio; south; status; studies; study; tertiary; therapy; town; treatment; tuberculosis; tygerberg; underlying; united; viral; vitamin; years cache: ajlm-1645.htm plain text: ajlm-1645.txt item: #99 of 366 id: ajlm-1650 author: None title: ajlm-1650 date: None words: 2081 flesch: 46 summary: In the meantime, to operate schools and workplaces safely and sustainably, it is important to ensure that rapid testing is available where and when it is needed and that we have the tools in place to comprehensively monitor and track the disease.6 Current testing efforts in many sub-Saharan countries are well below the threshold of one test per 1000 population per week set by the World Health Organization.7 New guidance to expand rapid antigen testing for Covid-19 response in Africa released [homepage on the Internet]. 2020 keywords: access; addition; africa; antigen; article; available; basis; community; control; countries; covid-19; data; disease; economies; effective; efforts; facilities; global; health; homepage; important; internet; new; open; paper; prevention; programmes; public; rapid; rdts; schools; self; testing; tests; transmission; treatment; use; vaccination; webinars; write cache: ajlm-1650.htm plain text: ajlm-1650.txt item: #100 of 366 id: ajlm-1671 author: None title: ajlm-1671 date: None words: 5675 flesch: 49 summary: Two spot sputum samples were collected from 418 presumptive SNPT patients, tested with Xpert® MTB/RIF, then compared to tuberculosis culture. Moreover, three sputum samples were Xpert® MTB/RIF positive but culture-negative. keywords: ababa; addis; addis ababa; analysis; assay; august; blood; cases; characteristics; collection; culture; data; day; detection; diagnosis; effect; errors; ethiopia; ethiopian public; factors; geneva; health; health institute; high; higher; hiv; infect; institute; january; laboratory; low; mgit; microscopy; morning; mtb; mycobacterium; national; national tuberculosis; negative; ntrl; organization; participants; patients; performance; positive; positivity; presumptive; public; public health; pulmonary; pulmonary tuberculosis; quality; reference; reference laboratory; research; research unit; resistance; results; rif; rif assay; rif test; rifampicin; salivary; samples; sensitivity; smear; snpt; specificity; spot; sputum; sputum quality; strategy; study; table; test; testing; tuberculosis; tuberculosis culture; tuberculosis reference; tuberculosis research; unit; world; xpert; xpert mtb cache: ajlm-1671.htm plain text: ajlm-1671.txt item: #101 of 366 id: ajlm-1673 author: None title: ajlm-1673 date: None words: 6007 flesch: 52 summary: Phage titre was determined at the different salt concentrations as log10 and comparisons made with the increase in salt concentrations.21 Storage stability of Enterobacter cloacae phages Stability of the phages during storage was investigated using a previously described method with slight modifications.24 Briefly, 3 mL of the selected phages with known phage titre were aliquoted into 15 mL centrifuge tubes and wrapped with aluminium foil to prevent direct light and kept at –20 °C, 4 °C, and 37 °C for two weeks. Storage stability of Enterobacter cloacae phages All the phages were stable and efficacious at 4 °C and 37 °C. keywords: activity; addition; adsorption; agar; alternative; anonymised; antimicrobial; aureus; authors; bacterial; bacteriophages; characterization; clinical; cloacae; cloacae phages; control; county; cross; december; different; drug; e. cloacae; effect; efficacy; enterobacter; enterobacter cloacae; environmental; exposure; factors; figure; following; high; host; human; huruma; increase; incubation; infections; institute; isolated; isolation; july; kenya; kibera; laboratory; light; lysis; lytic; lytic phages; mdr; methods; microbiol; min; multi; nairobi; nosocomial; number; patients; phage titre; phages; physicochemical; plaques; plates; potent; primate; range; research; resistant; salt; samples; source; specificity; spot; stability; stable; staphylococcus; states; storage; strains; studies; study; temperature; test; therapeutic; titre; ultraviolet; united; use; volume; waste; water; weeks; −20 cache: ajlm-1673.htm plain text: ajlm-1673.txt item: #102 of 366 id: ajlm-1677 author: None title: ajlm-1677 date: None words: 5756 flesch: 41 summary: Disparate distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in four sub-Saharan African countries. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2016.25.1.6170 Shi Y-H. Correlation between hepatitis B virus genotypes and clinical outcomes. keywords: africa; analysis; antigen; antiviral; b virus; bingham; center; chronic; chronic hbv; chronic hepatitis; clinical; data; department; detection; disease; distribution; diversity; dna; drug; escape; et al; gastroenterol; genetic; genomics; genotype e; genotypes; hbsag; hbv; hbv dna; hbv genotype; hbv infection; health; hepatitis; hiv; hospital; human; immune; impact; infected; infection; institute; internal; iqr; jos; jos university; l127r; lagos; lamivudine; liver; long; low; management; massachusetts; medical; medicine; min; molecular; mono; mutants; mutations; national; need; nigeria; nucleotide; patients; pcr; phylogenetic; positive; presence; prevalence; previous; primers; reaction; region; research; resistance; response; result; samples; sequences; sequencing; south; states; studies; study; sub; surface; teaching; teaching hospital; tenofovir; term; therapy; thermofisher; treatment; tree; united; university teaching; vaccination; vaccine; version; virology; virus; waltham; west; world cache: ajlm-1677.htm plain text: ajlm-1677.txt item: #103 of 366 id: ajlm-168 author: None title: None date: None words: 4612 flesch: 61 summary: De septembre à octobre 2010, les DBS ont été préparés à partir de prélèvements sanguins de patients adultes sous TARV. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit cette étude pionnière en Guinée dont l’objectif était d’évaluer la faisabilité technique et logistique des tests de CV et de génotypage du VIH-1 à partir d’échantillons DBS de patients sous TARV collectés dans des conditions de terrain. keywords: acides; aids; ambiante; antiretroviral; auteurs; aux; blood; ces; cette; chaque; charge; chez; clin; collecte; comme; conakry; copies; dans; dbs; des; diop; drug; d’un; faisabilité; figure; france; garrido; genotyping; global; guinée; génotypage; hiv-1; human; immunodeficiency; iqr; les; ligne; log10; logistique; l’analyse; l’échec; mois; mutations; médiane; nuclisens; nucléiques; ont; par; parmi; partir; pas; patients; phylogénétique; plasma; plus; plusieurs; pour; prélèvements; quantification; respectivement; résistance; résultats; samples; selon; sida; sites; soit; sous; spots; suivi; sur; sénégal; séquences; tableau; tarv; taux; technique; température; tests; traitement; treatment; type; une; vih; virale; virological; virologique; virus; échantillons; échec; également; étaient; était; étude; été cache: ajlm-168.htm plain text: ajlm-168.txt item: #104 of 366 id: ajlm-1685 author: None title: ajlm-1685 date: None words: 2189 flesch: 39 summary: While demand for HIV viral load testing will remain stable in the near future, the demand for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing will likely decline, leaving molecular diagnostic testing platforms free and available for testing of other disease markers. The increased awareness of the importance of diagnostic testing provides the opportunity to look at other diseases that can be eliminated and where diagnostics plays a key role. keywords: access; afr; article; assays; capacity; care; chain; countries; coverage; covid-19; demand; diagnostic; different; diseases; figure; global; health; high; hiv; integration; laboratories; laboratory; load; molecular; multiple; national; network; platforms; programmes; public; respiratory; results; scale; services; systems; testing; throughput; time; uhc; use; vertical; viral cache: ajlm-1685.htm plain text: ajlm-1685.txt item: #105 of 366 id: ajlm-1690 author: None title: ajlm-1690 date: None words: 307 flesch: 18 summary: About the Author(s) Lebogang Skosana National Health Laboratory Services, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Farzana Ismail Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Centre for Tuberculosis, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa Nontombi Mbelle † National Health Laboratory Services, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Mohamed Said National Health Laboratory Services, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Skosana L, Ismail F, Mbelle N, Said M. Corrigendum: Brucellosis – Laboratory workers’ nightmare come true: A case study. keywords: africa; department; laboratory; microbiology; pretoria; south; university cache: ajlm-1690.htm plain text: ajlm-1690.txt item: #106 of 366 id: ajlm-1707 author: None title: ajlm-1707 date: None words: 2544 flesch: 44 summary: Health institutions have already divested more than $42bn of assets from fossil fuels; others should join them.4 The greatest threat to global public health is the continued failure of world leaders to keep the global temperature rise below 1.5°C and to restore nature. Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health. keywords: action; alliance; america; authors; available; biodiversity; bmj; change; climate; countries; covid-19; crisis; current; destruction; editorial; emergency; emissions; environmental; global; governments; health; homepage; increases; international; internet; journal; kingdom; lancet; laurie; london; loss; medical; medical journal; medicine; nations; nature; pandemic; report; richard; societies; states; systems; targets; temperature; united; united kingdom; wealthy; work; world cache: ajlm-1707.htm plain text: ajlm-1707.txt item: #107 of 366 id: ajlm-1713 author: None title: ajlm-1713 date: None words: 410 flesch: 39 summary: Results About the Author(s) Asmaa M. Zahran Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Hanaa Nafady-Hego Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Sawsan M. Moeen Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Haematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Hanan A. Eltyb Department of Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Mohammed M. Wahman Department of Clinical Oncology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt Asmaa Nafady Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt Citation Zahran AM, Nafady-Hego H, Moeen SM, Eltyb HA, Wahman MM, Nafady A. Corrigendum: Higher proportion of non-classical and intermediate monocytes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in Egypt: A possible prognostic marker. In the published article, Zahran AM, Nafady-Hego H, Moeen SM, Eltyb HA, Wahman MM, Nafady A. Higher proportion of non-classical and intermediate monocytes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in Egypt: A possible prognostic marker. keywords: assiut; assiut university; department; egypt; nafady; patients; south; university cache: ajlm-1713.htm plain text: ajlm-1713.txt item: #108 of 366 id: ajlm-1718 author: None title: ajlm-1718 date: None words: 4624 flesch: 51 summary: This result is close to the findings of Hosseininasab24 who identified CSF HHV-6 DNA in 1.5% (1/65) of children with aseptic meningitis in Southern Iran. Results Clinical, demographic and conventional laboratory findings All of the following describe patients with positive CSF HHV-6 DNA: all patients with clinical data (100%; 7/7; six cases out of a total of 13 had missing clinical data) presented with fever (˃ 37 °C) and vomiting and six (86%) with seizures (Figure 2). keywords: august; authors; blood; buffer; cases; cells; central; cerebrospinal; chain; children; chromosomal; clinical; cns; concentration; copies; csf; data; december; department; dna; encephalitis; faculty; febrile; figure; final; findings; fluid; germany; herpesvirus; hhv-6; high; hilden; hospital; human; infections; integrated; integration; khartoum; laboratory; low; med; median; meningitis; microbiology; molecular; nervous; normal; patients; pcr; polymerase; population; positive; present; primary; qiagen; reaction; real; seizures; specimens; states; study; sudan; sweden; system; tavakoli; time; type-6; umeå; united; university; viral; virus cache: ajlm-1718.htm plain text: ajlm-1718.txt item: #109 of 366 id: ajlm-1720 author: None title: ajlm-1720 date: None words: 7160 flesch: 39 summary: Complementary and supplementary multicolour panel options are published3,4,10,19,28 and could theoretically be assembled as required in the lab to provide additional marker panels needed to complete full patient immunophenotypic investigation. True negatives were those cases where there was no disease noted, either by predicate ClearLLab and second-line testing or by test method with DURAClone panel testing. keywords: 10c; abnormal; academic; acquisition; acute; additional; africa; alb; analysis; antibody; april; assessment; august; available; background; blood; cases; cd19; cd20; cd23; cd27; cd38; cd43; cd45; cd5; cd56; cd58; cd79b; cd81; cell; charlotte; chronic; clb; clearllab; clinical; cll; comparison; cytometer; cytometry; data; department; detection; diagnostic; disease; duraclone; expression; flow; haematogones; haematology; health; hospital; house; immunophenotypic; investigation; johannesburg; laboratory; leukaemia; line; liquid; lpd; lymphoid; lymphoproliferative; manufacturer; markers; mature; mature b; maxeke; medicine; methods; minimal; molecular; multicolour; national; normal; outcomes; panels; pcd; plasma; population; positive; precursor; predicate; quality; reagent; residual; samples; second; south; standardised; states; study; system; table; target; testing; tube; united cache: ajlm-1720.htm plain text: ajlm-1720.txt item: #110 of 366 id: ajlm-1725 author: None title: ajlm-1725 date: None words: 4695 flesch: 43 summary: Optimising courier specimen collection time improves patient access to HIV viral load testing in South Africa. TABLE 1: Relationship between average latest courier specimen collection time and average viral load tests per antiretroviral treatment patient† at public sector healthcare facilities in South Africa, January 2018 to December 2018. keywords: access; africa; aids; analysis; antiretroviral; art; average; blood; collection; cost; courier; current; data; day; department; distribution; draws; facilities; facility; girdwood; health; healthcare; hiv; johannesburg; laboratory; latest; load; medicine; model; national; network; nhls; number; optimisation; patient; phc; pick; public; relationship; research; results; sample; service; south; south africa; specimen; states; study; system; testing; tests; time; transport; united; university; viral cache: ajlm-1725.htm plain text: ajlm-1725.txt item: #111 of 366 id: ajlm-1737 author: None title: ajlm-1737 date: None words: 3446 flesch: 46 summary: John N. Waitumbi Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya Esther Omuseni Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya Josphat Nyataya Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya Clement Masakhwe Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya Faith Sigei Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya Allan Lemtudo Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya George Awinda Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya Eric Muthanje Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya Brian Andika Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Jomo Kenyatta, University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya Rachel Githii Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya Rehema Liyai Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya Gathii Kimita Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya Beth Mutai Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Basic Science Laboratory, Kisumu Field Station, Kisumu, Kenya Citation Waitumbi JN, Omuseni E, Nyataya J, et al. COVID-19 mass testing and sequencing: Experiences from a laboratory in Western Kenya. All surfaces had to have a negative test before nasal sample testing commenced. keywords: africa; army; army medical; assays; assurance; basic; basic science; bsl; case; cov-2; covid-19; data; demand; extractions; field; field station; figure; global; health; institute; january; kemri)/united; kenya; kenya medical; kisumu; kisumu field; laboratory; manuscript; march; mass; medical research; moh; nucleic; pcr; personnel; positive; procedures; project; quality; reed; research directorate; research institute; samples; sars; science; science laboratory; sequencing; states; station; testing; time; values; viral; walter; wave; work cache: ajlm-1737.htm plain text: ajlm-1737.txt item: #112 of 366 id: ajlm-176 author: None title: None date: None words: 5337 flesch: 45 summary: Whilst this often includes laboratory test results, electronic medical records functionality does not extend into the laboratory. The serious public health threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis also requires laboratory testing for drug sensitivity.2 Whilst rapid diagnostic tests are available for malaria and are in use in many health facilities, many countries still consider microscopy performed in the laboratory as the gold standard because it detects a wider array of species.3 If laboratory tests are not available or used, there is a substantial risk of inappropriate treatment, which harms the patient, wastes already limited resources and contributes to increased drug resistance.4,5 Despite the need for laboratory testing in addressing the infectious disease burden, many laboratories are ill-equipped to play a central role in the diagnostic and care delivery process in resource-constrained countries.6 As a result of poor laboratory services and staffing, there is a diagnostic culture amongst physicians of circumventing laboratory testing and using other, less reliable signals to diagnose diseases such as malaria, or treating for malaria despite a negative laboratory result.7,8,9,10 keywords: analysis; analytical; article; associated; audit; authors; barriers; blood; care; central; challenges; clinical; data; delays; demand; diagnostic; different; electronic; errors; focus; health; hospital; incomplete; information; interpretation; interventions; issues; kch; laboratory; laboratory testing; lilongwe; low; malaria; malawi; management; med; medical; number; order; patient; period; phase; pittsburgh; post; pre; process; quality; reporting; research; resource; results; role; samples; services; settings; solutions; staff; stage; standard; study; systems; testing; testing process; tests; time; total; transfer; transport; treatment; tuberculosis; university; untestable; volume; ward; workflow cache: ajlm-176.htm plain text: ajlm-176.txt item: #113 of 366 id: ajlm-178 author: None title: None date: None words: 4245 flesch: 48 summary: Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare positive HIV test results obtained from the approved rapid testing algorithm with results from western blot tests performed on samples from the same patient. The aim of this study was to compare positive HIV test results obtained from the approved rapid testing algorithm with results from WB tests performed on samples from the same patient. keywords: aids; algorithm; art; assays; authors; blot; cases; cd4; cell; centre; clinical; confirmatory; copies; counselling; count; data; determine; diagnosis; discordant; et al; false; hct; health; hiv; hiv-1; human; indeterminate; infection; institute; kits; laboratory; lagos; load; management; medical; national; negative; nigeria; nimr; patients; positive; positive results; potential; predictive; prevention; programme; quality; rapid; rapid test; research; results; rna; screening; states; study; test; test results; testing; treatment; undetectable; united; use; value; viral; virology; western cache: ajlm-178.htm plain text: ajlm-178.txt item: #114 of 366 id: ajlm-1784 author: None title: ajlm-1784 date: None words: 4211 flesch: 48 summary: Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Kyazanga Health Centre IV in Lwengo District, Uganda. Aseptically collected blood specimens were screened for hepatitis B virus infection using an immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test kit. keywords: antenatal; antigen; april; associated; association; b virus; blood; bmc; care; centre; clinic; cross; data; department; district; factors; hbsag; hbv; hbv infection; hciv; health; hepatitis; high; history; hospital; infection; june; kyazanga; laboratory; level; lwengo; mbarara; med; medical; northern; participants; positive; positivity; pregnancy; pregnant; pregnant women; prevalence; rapid; referral; regional; reported; risk; risk factors; science; sectional; sexual; significant; south; studies; study; surface; table; test; transfusion; transmission; uganda; virus; virus infection; western; women; years cache: ajlm-1784.htm plain text: ajlm-1784.txt item: #115 of 366 id: ajlm-1785 author: None title: ajlm-1785 date: None words: 1530 flesch: 57 summary: Towards a fiercely urgent expansion of laboratory medicine in Africa. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1785 Editorial Towards a fiercely urgent expansion of laboratory medicine in Africa Iruka N. Okeke Copyright: © 2021. keywords: access; afr; afr j; africa; articles; care; continent; covid-19; decade; diagnostics; disease; editorial; future; growth; health; j lab; journal; laboratory; medicine; new; okeke; pandemic; public; quality; science; surveillance; time; urgent; volume cache: ajlm-1785.htm plain text: ajlm-1785.txt item: #116 of 366 id: ajlm-1786 author: None title: ajlm-1786 date: None words: 1322 flesch: 38 summary: Laboratory waste should be classified according to the category that will dictate the waste management approach.6 Laboratory products and kits containing nontoxic materials that can be discarded in general waste should be sought during the procurement process. To our knowledge, no guideline has been published on how many times gloves should be changed without obvious contamination between laboratory samples; discretion must be used in this regard (Figure 1, number 6). keywords: africa; article; authors; biological; cape; data; diagnostic; disposal; figure; green; health; healthcare; infectious; laboratories; laboratory; large; management; material; national; number; packaging; point; sample; service; south; specimen; sustainable; town; tuberculosis; use; waste cache: ajlm-1786.htm plain text: ajlm-1786.txt item: #117 of 366 id: ajlm-1792 author: None title: ajlm-1792 date: None words: 4667 flesch: 42 summary: These results served as an evidence base to guide and reinforce Cameroon’s decision to go ahead with the scale up of TB-LAMP in the country. TABLE 1: Number of patients tested with tuberculosis loop-mediated isothermal amplification as initial tuberculosis diagnosis test in June 2017 and July 2017 in four diagnostic and treatment centres in Cameroon. However, Xpert® MTB/RIF equipment was placed at the regional laboratories and recommended for tuberculosis diagnosis in specific categories of presumptive tuberculosis cases including: children (0–5 years), people living with HIV, contact patients with multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, prisoners, refugees, patients previously treated for tuberculosis or those with treatment failures. keywords: additional; amplification; assay; available; cameroon; cases; centre; control; detection; diagnosis; dtcs; equipment; global; health; homepage; humaloop; implementation; initial; instrument; internet; isothermal; laboratories; laboratory; lamp; lessons; loop; microscopy; molecular; mtb; national; negative; ntcp; number; organization; pasteur; pilot; program; ptb; rapid; reference; regional; results; sample; sites; smear; specimens; sputum; technicians; test; testing; training; transportation; tuberculosis; use; world; xpert; yaoundé cache: ajlm-1792.htm plain text: ajlm-1792.txt item: #118 of 366 id: ajlm-18 author: None title: ajlm-18 date: None words: 3731 flesch: 45 summary: Automation of laboratory systems has advantages such as reduction in staff time and supply costs, reduced turnaround times, as well as reduction in operational errors .6 The World Health Organization African region laboratory accredited process: Improving the quality of laboratory systems in the African region. keywords: 9001:2000; accreditation; africa; aids; analytical; applied; assays; assessment; audits; authors; basic; certified; clinical; conformities; control; diagnostic; experience; external; health; high; hiv; hvl; implementation; improvement; indicators; institute; internal; iso; laboratories; laboratory; lessons; major; management; medical; monitoring; need; nigeria; non; performance; personnel; process; processes; qms; quality; research; results; samples; services; staff; standards; system; test; time; training; world cache: ajlm-18.htm plain text: ajlm-18.txt item: #119 of 366 id: ajlm-1803 author: None title: ajlm-1803 date: None words: 5482 flesch: 44 summary: FIGURE 3: Bactericidal activity of Klebsiella phage cocktail alone or in combination with antibiotics, Nairobi, Kenya, February 2021 – October 2021. Formulation of phage cocktails and evaluation of their interaction with antibiotics in inhibiting carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro in Kenya. keywords: activity; adjunctive; african; analysis; antibiotics; bacterial; bacterial culture; bacteriophages; biology; carbapenemase; clinical; cocktail; combination; concentrations; control; cprsa; culture; department; different; efficacy; esbla; evaluation; family; february; figure; formulation; growth; host; imipenem; imp2; incubation; individual; inhibitory; institute; interaction; isolate; isolation; kenya; klebsiella; klebsiella pneumoniae; kp20; lytic; ma3; mdr; methods; microbiol; min; minimum; moi; myoviridae; nairobi; october; online; phage; phage cocktail; phage therapy; pneumoniae; positive; potential; precipitated; range; research; resistant; results; sciences; spectrum; strains; study; supplementary; table; technology; therapy; tigecycline; treatment; university cache: ajlm-1803.htm plain text: ajlm-1803.txt item: #120 of 366 id: ajlm-1807 author: None title: ajlm-1807 date: None words: 4688 flesch: 42 summary: and Citrobacter spp., most of which are extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, and also some Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the vancomycin-resistant enterococci.15,16 The carbapenem antibiotics remain the antibiotic agents of choice in the management of emerging ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria, while vancomycin is the mainstay in treatment of MRSA.17 However, of particular concern is the recent emergence of increasing resistance of some Gram-negative bacteria to carbapenems through the production of enzymes, carbapenemases.18 This trend of multidrug resistance, especially among the Gram-negative bacteria causing BSIs, has created a very serious therapeutic dilemma, especially in the management of intensive care unit patients, since it leads to fewer therapeutic options, use of more expensive drugs, increased hospital stay, and increased morbidity and mortality.19 Bearing in mind this trend of antibiotic-resistant bacterial agents of BSIs and the known fact that antibiotic-resistance patterns vary with geographical locations, regular surveillance and documentation of blood culture isolates and their antibiogram is imperative in formulating an antibiotic policy and identifying the best empirical antibiotic therapeutic options for different scenarios of BSIs in each hospital environment.20 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70072-4 Mia AR, Zerin T. Antibiogram of blood culture isolates of patients from a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. keywords: agar; age; antibiogram; antibiotic; associated; aureus; available; bacteria; bacteriological; blood; blood culture; bloodstream; bsis; care; cases; ceftazidime; collection; culture; data; department; different; ekiti; february; federal; gentamicin; gram; health; higher; hospital; ido; imipenem; infections; int; isolates; isolation; june; med; medical; meropenem; mrsa; negative; neonatal; neonates; nigeria; oyekale; participants; pathogens; patients; patterns; positive; positivity; prior; profile; rate; resistance; results; samples; sci; sensitive; sensitivity; sepsis; significant; spp; states; studies; study; susceptibility; table; teaching; teaching hospital; tertiary; treatment; united; use; vancomycin; years cache: ajlm-1807.htm plain text: ajlm-1807.txt item: #121 of 366 id: ajlm-1809 author: None title: ajlm-1809 date: None words: 4544 flesch: 47 summary: Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection: Comparison of Techlab C. diff Quik Chek complete, Xpert C. difficile, and multistep algorithmic approach. Evaluation of 3 automated real-time PCR (Xpert C. difficile assay, BD MAX Cdiff, and IMDx C. difficile for Abbott m2000 assay) for detecting Clostridium difficile toxin gene compared to toxigenic culture in stool specimens. keywords: africa; algorithm; amplification; analysis; approach; assays; bdm; cape; chek; clin; clostridioides; clostridium; clostridium difficile; commercial; complete; crs; culture; data; diagnostic; diarrhoea; difficile; difficile infection; division; eia; gdh; gene; health; hospital; infection; laboratory; medical; methods; microbiology; naats; national; negative; npv; pcr; performance; positive; ppv; quik; quik chek; reference; results; samples; sensitivity; service; soc; south; south africa; specificity; stellenbosch; step; step approach; stool; study; tcdb; test; testing; town; toxigenic; toxin; tygerberg; university; xpert cache: ajlm-1809.htm plain text: ajlm-1809.txt item: #122 of 366 id: ajlm-181 author: None title: None date: None words: 2670 flesch: 54 summary: 2, 3, 4, 5 Comme tout système qualité, les normes ISO évoluent, et sont périodiquement révisées; c'est en décembre 2012 que l'ISO, l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation, a publié la troisième édition de la norme ISO 15189 6, qui remplace la version de 2007. Le but est de rendre l'organisation plus fonctionnelle, et moins dépendante de la hiérarchie, avec l'introduction et le développement du management transversal, de la culture du résultat et du travail d’équipe au sein du laboratoire. keywords: africains; afrique; approche; article; aux; biologie; cette; changements; chapitre; comme; concept; dans; des; doit; doivent; est; exigences; gestion; internationale; iso; l'iso; laboratoires; laboratory; les; management; manière; manuel; mettre; médicale; normalisation; norme; nouvelle; organisation; pages; par; plan; pour; processus; qualité; qui; risques; saharienne; smq; sont; sous; sub; sur; système; tous; tout; une; version; édition; être; œuvre cache: ajlm-181.htm plain text: ajlm-181.txt item: #123 of 366 id: ajlm-1812 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2021-12-22 words: 655 flesch: 29 summary: Muhammad T. Abdel Ghafar Emma Adolfsson Ali Akhtar Khaled Alobaid Joseph Anejo-okopi Kingsley Anukam Seth A. Attoh Babafela B. Awosile Oluwatoyin A. Babalola Stephen Baker Colleen M. Bamford Marinus Barnard Giovanni Barosi Magdalena Baymakova Ebi C. Bile Debrah I. Boeras Felix Bongomin Gisely Cardoso de Melo Jane Carter Naseem Cassim Jennifer Coetzee Fatoumatta Darboe Ibrahim I. Daud Yasin Demiraslan Kassaye T. Desta Samba Diallo Alpha A. Diallo Bassirou Diarra Adetoun Ejilemele Stephen G. Emerson Devy M. Emperador Uchenna Ezenkwa Yuri Fedoriw Luis Fonte Richard Garfield Lisa Gerwing-Adima Malay Haldar Masoumeh Hasani Benjamin D. Hedley Marianne K. Henderson Lisa M. Herzog Laura Hewitson Carry Hill Hiroshi Ichimura Oni E.A. Idigbe Emmanuel O. Irek Mohamed A. Ismail Lise Jamieson Kithsiri B. Jayasekara Ali Jebali Feyisayo E. Jegede Derek Jones Lavania Joseph Aderemi Kehinde Stephen B. Kennedy Daniel Kimani Olayinka A. Kotila Taiwo Kotila George Boateng Kyei Direk Limmathurotsakul Han-Qing Liu Lucio Luzzato Evelyn Madoroba Faithful Makita-Chingombe Talkmore Maruta Marguerite Massinga Loembe Itumeleng Matle Mohammed Merza Sandra Miselem Barend Mitton Reena D. Mohanlal Meade Morgan Gram (Graham) Mutandi Jane Mwangi Jacob Seroni Mwebi Jean Ndjomou Jeremy Nel Mae Newton-Foot Apeksha Niraula Fatima B. Nma Jiya Ifeanyi Nsofor Jacinta Nwogu Collins O. Odhiambo Abiodun R. Ojewuyi Olusegun S. Ojo Paul A. Olaiya John A. Olaniyi Pascale Ondoa Libby Onyeka Chin-Yih Ou Judith Owen Michael D. Owens João Palma Cihan Papan Rene Paulussen Maria Paximadis M.L. Pereira Bueno Lucy A. Perrone Sam Peters Deryn Petty Dimitri Poddighe Alexander M. Popov Joachim Potgieter Lance D. Presser Siriporn Proungvitaya Beatrice Puije Jennifer A. Punt Rahul Rajbhar Garshasb Rigi Theresa Roussouw Halima M. Said Jon Salmanton-García Moses Samje Christine E. Schaner-Tooley Seema Shetty Caleb Skipper Julie Smith Anthony M. Smith Ajaykumar K. Thirumala Fabio Timeus Lara Vojnov Adolfo Vubil Shouwei Wang Azza A. Zulfu http://www.ajlmonline.org https://ajlmonline.org https://ajlmonline.org https://ajlmonline.org https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user mailto:publishing@aosis.co.za http://www.ajlmonline.org Open Access Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: access; acknowledgement; african; appropriate; contact; details; diallo; editorial; expertise; https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user; interest; jane; journal; kotila; laboratory; lisa; manuscript; medicine; peer; process; publication; reviewer; selection; smith; stephen; tel; timely; website cache: ajlm-1812.pdf plain text: ajlm-1812.txt item: #124 of 366 id: ajlm-1814 author: None title: ajlm-1814 date: None words: 3240 flesch: 34 summary: Objective: This study aimed to describe and evaluate the implementation of an intensified mentorship strategy on laboratory accreditation. Conclusion: The intensified mentorship strategy resulted in fast-tracked progress towards laboratory accreditation and can be adopted in similar resource-limited settings. keywords: accreditation; accredited; afr; approach; april; article; audits; baltimore; conformities; coordinator; corporation; department; facilities; figure; global; health; improvement; initiatives; intensified; international; kenya; laboratories; laboratory; management; march; maryland; medical; mentorship; mgic; nairobi; non; organization; process; programme; progress; qms; quality; results; scores; slipta; slmta; standard; stars; states; strategy; support; system; training; united; university cache: ajlm-1814.htm plain text: ajlm-1814.txt item: #125 of 366 id: ajlm-1819 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Content Vol 10, No 1 (2021) date: 2021-12-30 words: 2095 flesch: -277 summary: The growth patterns of the medical technology profession in South Africa Malcolm T. Ellapen, Terry J. Ellapen, Yvonne Paul African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 10, No 1 | a1164 | 23 April 2021 Original Research Effects of TNF-α and IL-10-819 T>C single nucleotide polymorphisms on urogenital schistosomiasis in preschool children in Zimbabwe Amos Marume, Theresa Chimponda, Arthur Vengesai, Caroline Mushayi, Jaclyn Mann, Takafira Mduluza African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 10, No 1 | a1138 | 29 April 2021 Original Research In-depth investigation of turn-around time of full blood count tests requested from a clinical haematology outpatient department in Cape Town, South Africa Leonard Mutema, Zivanai Chapanduka, Fungai Musaigwa, Nomusa Mashigo African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 10, No 1 | a1318 | 29 April 2021 Original Research Improving laboratory quality and capacity through leadership and management training: Lessons from Zambia 2016–2018 Felicity Gopolang, Fales Zulu-Mwamba, Davy Nsama, Annika Kruuner, Dailes Nsofwa, Ishmael Kasvosve, Royce Gomo, Tiny Motlhabane, Bhavna Chohan, Olusegun Soge, Daniel Osterhage, Nancy Campbell, Michael Noble, Ann Downer, Jean-Frederic Flandin, Anya Nartker, Catherine Koehn, Linda K. Nonde, Aaron Shibemba, Clement B. Ndongmo, Martin Steinau, Lucy A. Perrone African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 10, No 1 | a1225 | 30 April 2021 Original Research Molecular characterisation of NPM1 and FLT3-ITD mutations in a central South African adult de novo acute myeloid leukaemia cohort Jean F. Kloppers, André de Kock, Johané Cronjé, Anne-Cecilia van Marle African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 10, No 1 | a1363 | 30 June 2021 Original Research Could ante-mortem computed tomography be useful in forensic pathology of traumatic intracranial haemorrhage? Mmachuene I. Hlahla, Moshibudi J. Selatole African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 10, No 1 | a1040 | 29 July 2021 39 49 59 64 71 77 86 92 Page i of iii Table of Contents Editorial Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health Lukoye Atwoli, Abdullah H. Baqui, Thomas Benfield, Raffaella Bosurgi, Fiona Godlee, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn- Langton, Carlos Augusto Monteiro, Ian Norman, Kirsten Patrick, Nigel Praities, Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert, Eric J. Rubin, Peush Sahni, Richard Smith, Nicholas J. Talley, Sue Turale, Damián Vázquez African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 10, No 1 | a1707 | 20 September 2021 Editorial Towards a fiercely urgent expansion of laboratory medicine in Africa Iruka N. Okeke African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 10, No 1 | a1785 | 17 December 2021 Opinion Paper Maintaining routine HIV and tuberculosis testing services in sub-Saharan African countries in the context of COVID-19: A case study Lebogang Skosana, Farzana Ismail, Nontombi Mbelle, Mohamed Said African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 10, No 1 | a1690 | 22 November 2021 Reviewer Acknowledgement African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 10, No 1 | a1812 | 22 December 2021 223 226 227 Page iii of iii keywords: access; african countries; african journal; anthony; april; august; blood; brief; campbell; cell; charles; clinical; contents; covid-19; david; december; diabetic; diagnostic; field; hiv; jean; laboratory medicine; laboratory quality; lessons; lucy; march; medical; mohamed; molecular; october; open; original research; page; patients; paul; performance; report; richard; september; setting; south; south africa; study; table; testing; virus; vol; | a1138; | a1156; | a1164; | a1181; | a1225; | a1284; | a1296; | a1318; | a1326; | a1379; | a1408; | a1457; | a1471; | a1529; | a1785; | a975; | issn cache: ajlm-1819.pdf plain text: ajlm-1819.txt item: #126 of 366 id: ajlm-1834 author: None title: ajlm-1834 date: None words: 3732 flesch: 46 summary: A recent 2017 review of nine studies by Ismail and Bhayana,8 which included studies carried out by Chang and Chung5 and Hofmeyr et al.,11 concluded a negligible difference in sensitivity and specificity from dual testing of lipase and amylase compared with singular testing of lipase.5,8,11 Whilst studies by Basnayake and Ratnam,9 and Ismail and Bhayana8 have commented that the ratio between amylase and lipase levels could help direct clinicians to the aetiology of AP,8,9 it was generally concluded across several reviews and studies, that dual testing was not a cost-effective option for diagnosis of AP.5,8,11,13 A prospective study by Hofmeyr et al.11 concluded that on admission to Tygerberg Hospital lipase sensitivity was significantly improved at 91% compared with 62% for amylase. Specificities were relatively equivocal for single amylase (98.6%) and lipase tests (96.9%) (Table 2). keywords: acute; africa; amylase; analysis; associated; atlanta; audit; available; biomarkers; clinical; consistent; cost; data; december; department; diagnosis; dual; final; health; hospital; imaging; important; international; laboratory; levels; lipase; local; national; notes; pancreatitis; pathology; patients; population; potential; practices; requesting; requests; results; savings; sensitivity; serum; service; south; specificity; study; table; test; testing; times; tygerberg; uln; university; usd cache: ajlm-1834.htm plain text: ajlm-1834.txt item: #127 of 366 id: ajlm-1841 author: None title: ajlm-1841 date: None words: 3239 flesch: 45 summary: In keeping with good laboratory practice, a need was identified to determine HbA2 reference intervals in a local African population for the Department of Haematology of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tshwane Academic Division (TAD), Pretoria, South Africa. Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Cailin Nieuwenhuizen Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Haematology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa Tshiphiri Netshidzivhani Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Haematology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa Johan Potgieter Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Haematology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Nieuwenhuizen C, Netshidzivhani T, Potgieter J. Establishment of haemoglobin A2 reference intervals in Pretoria, South Africa: keywords: academic; africa; age; analysis; beta; cbc; clinical; data; december; department; distribution; establishing; figure; haematology; haemoglobin; hba2; health; high; hplc; interval; laboratories; laboratory; levels; mean; methods; mining; national; nhls; normal; number; october; order; patients; population; pretoria; rad; range; reference; reference interval; results; service; south; south africa; states; study; test; thalassaemia; trait; united; university; use; value; years cache: ajlm-1841.htm plain text: ajlm-1841.txt item: #128 of 366 id: ajlm-1844 author: None title: ajlm-1844 date: None words: 5721 flesch: 37 summary: Keywords: laboratory systems; laboratory network; ATLAS; epidemic-prone diseases; LABNET scorecard; laboratory capacity; laboratory readiness; laboratory strengthening. As of January 2022, Ghanaian SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) daily testing rates was around 70 per 1000 people, in contrast to over 2300 per 1000 people in the United States.14 Improving laboratory networks is a critical step toward controlling health emergencies.15 The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) requires countries to establish tiered national laboratory systems and ‘determine an appropriate level of diagnostic capability at each level of the public health hierarchy from national to the district’.16 The laboratory network in Ghana was assessed in 2006, focusing on HIV diagnostic resources, using the Assessment Tool for Laboratory Services (ATLAS).17 The assessment identified the need for guidelines in biosafety, inventory control and logistics management information systems, and the application of policies and procedures.18 keywords: accra; accreditation; activities; addition; africa; assessment; atlas; available; capabilities; capacity; central; clinical; clu; control; country; data; dhims2; disease; distribution; district; equipment; facilities; figure; framework; functionality; funding; funds; general; ghana; ghs; ghsa; global; health; hiv; homepage; implementation; information; international; internet; labnet; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory network; laboratory services; level; management; menu; moh; nacp; national; network; nphrl; ntp; organization; phls; policy; procurement; programmes; public; public health; quality; regional; regulatory; school; scorecard; services; specific; specimen; stakeholders; states; study; supervision; supplies; survey; system; target; testing; tests; tool; tuberculosis; united; university; world cache: ajlm-1844.htm plain text: ajlm-1844.txt item: #129 of 366 id: ajlm-187 author: None title: ajlm-187 date: None words: 4733 flesch: 41 summary: We present the experience of a tertiary-care hospital serving rural western Kenya, which developed and validated an IHC laboratory in support of a growing cancer care service. Objectives, methods and outcomes: Over the past decade, in an academic North-South collaboration, cancer services were developed for the catchment area of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in western Kenya. Table 2 outlines the equipment and consumables required for the IHC laboratory, along with the sources of these items. TABLE 2: Strategic investments to develop immunohistochemistry laboratory services, western Kenya, 2009–2012. Organisation of service: Administrative structures had to be established between partners to facilitate personnel management, establish processes for requesting IHC and reporting results, and perform administrative tasks such as ordering reagents. keywords: academic; access; addition; american; ampath; antigen; approach; assessment; assurance; autostainer; breast; building; cancer; care; clinical; control; coordination; cost; countries; dako; department; developed; development; diagnosis; equipment; experience; expertise; extensive; external; global; health; hospital; ihc; ihc laboratory; immunohistochemistry; immunology; income; indiana; indianapolis; infrastructure; international; kenya; laboratory; limited; lmic; local; low; lowand; med; medical; medicine; middle; moi; mtrh; musom; north; oncology; ongoing; pathologists; pathology; pathology services; personnel; programme; quality; reagents; reporting; required; research; resource; results; retrieval; school; services; settings; slides; specimen; staining; states; table; technical; technicians; technologists; time; tissue; training; treatment; united; university; use; volunteer; western cache: ajlm-187.htm plain text: ajlm-187.txt item: #130 of 366 id: ajlm-1899 author: None title: ajlm-1899 date: None words: 4609 flesch: 50 summary: These include patient monitoring involving clinical events and adherence monitoring, immunological monitoring involving CD4 cell count, and virologic monitoring comprising HIV VL testing.11, 12 Virologic monitoring Virologic monitoring which comprises HIV VL testing is the preferred way of monitoring treatment outcomes in people living with HIV on ART, and WHO recommends use of a threshold of 1000 copies/mL to determine VL non-suppression, indicative of either poor drug adherence or virologic failure.6 Using 1000 copies/mL as a threshold ignores people living with HIV who have low-level viraemia (LLV; HIV VL of at least 50 copies/mL but less than 1000 copies/mL). keywords: adherence; african; aids; antiretroviral; art; article; available; care; clinical; college; copies; countries; department; detectable; dis; disease; drug; et al; factors; failure; guidelines; health; health sciences; hiv; homepage; iac; infect; infection; internet; jun; kampala; level; llv; load; low; makerere; monitoring; months; non; organization; patients; people; poor; prevention; public; recommendations; resistance; review; risk; saharan; scale; school; sciences; study; sub; suppressed; suppression; testing; therapy; threshold; transmission; treatment; uganda; university; university college; use; viraemia; virologic; world cache: ajlm-1899.htm plain text: ajlm-1899.txt item: #131 of 366 id: ajlm-190 author: None title: None date: None words: 5777 flesch: 35 summary: We found the utilisation of training-of-trainer and step-down training methods to be a very cost-effective system of providing training across programme laboratories and allowed for dissemination of training across local laboratory systems. These central workshops allowed programme staff continual assurance of standardisation across programme laboratories. keywords: access; accreditation; activities; addition; aids; apin; apin pepfar; art; article; assessment; authors; building; capacity; care; cd4; cell; chemistry; clinical; clinics; cobas; control; costs; country; data; development; drug; efforts; electronic; enumeration; eqa; equipment; evaluation; figure; haematology; harvard; health; hiv; hospital; improvements; infrastructure; initiative; international; laboratories; laboratory; local; maintenance; management; manuscript; medical; methods; monitoring; national; new; nigeria; outline; patients; pepfar; platform; prevention; processes; procurement; programme; public; quality; research; resource; response; results; roche; samples; scale; school; secondary; services; site; specific; staff; states; supply; support; sustainability; systems; table; teams; tertiary; test; testing; training; treatment; united; use; utility; visits; world cache: ajlm-190.htm plain text: ajlm-190.txt item: #132 of 366 id: ajlm-1901 author: None title: ajlm-1901 date: None words: 4404 flesch: 51 summary: D-dimer levels were significantly lower for Methods C (p = 0.04) and D (p = 0.02) when compared to Method A. Method D correlated strongly with the reference method, while Methods B and C correlated poorly with the reference method (r < 0.975) (Figure 3). Abstract Background: The recommendation for coagulation blood samples is to centrifuge at 4000 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 15 min to produce platelet-poor plasma before analysis. keywords: abnormal; africa; albert; aptt; assays; blood; central; centrifugation; clinical; coagulation; data; department; differences; dimer; durban; edward; fibrinogen; haematology; health; hospital; impact; inkosi; king; kwazulu; laboratory; levels; luthuli; mean; median; method; method b; methods c; min; natal; normal; november; plasma; platelet; ppp; prothrombin; rapid; reference; reference method; results; routine; rpm; samples; september; significant; south; study; testing; time; tube; viii cache: ajlm-1901.htm plain text: ajlm-1901.txt item: #133 of 366 id: ajlm-1913 author: None title: ajlm-1913 date: None words: 414 flesch: 35 summary: About the Author(s) Passoret Vounba Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) Commission/Fourth phase of the Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement Project (REDISSE IV), Libreville, Gabon Severin Loul Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) Commission/Fourth phase of the Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement Project (REDISSE IV), Libreville, Gabon Ludovic F. Tamadea Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) Commission/Fourth phase of the Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement Project (REDISSE IV), Libreville, Gabon Joël F.D. Siawaya Department of Laboratory Services, CHU Mère-Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Libreville, Gabon Regional Integrated Surveillance and Laboratory Network (RISLNET) for Central Africa, Libreville, Gabon Citation Vounba P, Loul S, Tamadea LF, Siawaya JFD. Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1570 Correction Corrigendum: Microbiology laboratories involved in disease and antimicrobial resistance surveillance: Strengths and challenges of the central African states Passoret Vounba, Severin Loul, Ludovic F. Tamadea, Joël F.D. Siawaya Published: 09 May 2023 keywords: african; central; disease; gabon; libreville; redisse; regional; states; surveillance cache: ajlm-1913.htm plain text: ajlm-1913.txt item: #134 of 366 id: ajlm-1920 author: None title: ajlm-1920 date: None words: 4140 flesch: 37 summary: Antimicrobial resistance surveillance studies thus need to be conducted regularly to identify bacterial uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to guide the empiric treatment of UTIs, which is a crucial part of antimicrobial stewardship. While this increase in antimicrobial resistance has been demonstrated in multiple studies around the world, there is a dearth of information from developing countries. keywords: acid; africa; amoxicillin; antibiotics; antimicrobial; bacterial; ciprofloxacin; clavulanic; coli; data; december; department; durban; e. coli; empiric; gram; health; high; hospital; infections; isolates; january; khan; klebsiella; kwazulu; laboratory; medical; medical sciences; microbiology; natal; national; nitrofurantoin; oral; patients; patterns; rates; resistance; results; sciences; south; south africa; spp; study; sulfamethoxazole; susceptibility; tract; treatment; urinary; uropathogens; utis cache: ajlm-1920.htm plain text: ajlm-1920.txt item: #135 of 366 id: ajlm-1921 author: None title: ajlm-1921 date: None words: 2740 flesch: 37 summary: This has led to a lack of cross-sector laboratory capacity, fragmentation of laboratory services and diversion of scarce resources.12 Poor salary structures have also aggravated the migration of highly skilled individuals to the private sector and research institutions, further derailing the system. The revamping of MAMLS aims at promoting and safeguarding the interests of professional medical laboratory science practice which ultimately safeguards patients who access laboratory services. keywords: access; advanced; africa; authors; availability; available; body; capacity; clinical; countries; country; current; department; development; diagnostic; district; equipment; funding; health; human; laboratories; laboratory; lack; machines; malawi; mamls; management; medical; medical laboratory; medicine; ministry; networks; patients; personnel; policy; poor; practice; professionals; quality; recommendations; regulatory; resources; saharan; sciences; services; sub; systems; technology; testing; tests; united; university cache: ajlm-1921.htm plain text: ajlm-1921.txt item: #136 of 366 id: ajlm-194 author: None title: ajlm-194 date: None words: 6253 flesch: 46 summary: Evidence from 47 countries for SLMTA-driven improvement in laboratory quality management systems. View from the top: Involvement of Namibia�s health ministry in laboratory quality improvement and the building of a strong laboratory network. keywords: accreditation; accredited; activities; addition; afr j; africa; afro; article; authors; available; building; cameroon; capacity; care; cdc; central; challenges; checklist; clin; commitment; countries; country; course; critical; curriculum; development; document; effective; efforts; equipment; et al; global; health; hospital; impact; implementation; improvement; international; internet; iso; j lab; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory management; laboratory quality; leadership; lessons; limited; local; management; master; mentoring; mentorship; model; order; organization; participants; pathol; patient; pepfar; pmid; press; process; programme; progress; projects; public; pubmed; quality; region; resources; services; site; slipta; slmta; slmta programme; staff; strengthening; support; systems; time; total; trainers; training; visits; work; working; years cache: ajlm-194.htm plain text: ajlm-194.txt item: #137 of 366 id: ajlm-1946 author: None title: ajlm-1946 date: None words: 5799 flesch: 37 summary: The assumption that the observed degeneration is due to a lack of advanced scientific equipment required for investigation is false as many IEMs can be detected using basic clinical chemistry laboratory facilities; this has been demonstrated in this brief article and supported by Brown and Lo14 and, more recently, Civallero, De Kremer and Giugliani.11 Even in the absence of tandem mass spectrophotometry in these countries, basic laboratory investigations can accomplish a great deal. Keywords: basic laboratory investigations; developing countries; inborn errors of metabolism; health education; optimisation of treatment. keywords: absence; accumulation; acid; activity; alpha-1; amino; ammonia; analysis; anetor; antitrypsin; approach; article; available; basic; biochemical; birth; blood; cases; chemistry; chromatography; clinical; common; congenital; copper; countries; critical; cycle; cystic; data; defects; deficiency; detection; developed; diagnosis; disease; disorders; early; editors; education; elevated; enzyme; errors; excretion; facilities; features; fibrosis; galactosaemia; galactose; gene; genetic; growth; health; high; hyperammonaemia; ibadan; iem; iems; inborn; inborn errors; inherited; investigation; key; laboratories; laboratory; lack; levels; limited; liver; maple; mass; medical; medicine; metabolism; methods; molecular; neurological; nigeria; pathway; patients; phenylalanine; phosphate; porphobilinogen; porphyrias; positive; presence; protein; reaction; resource; results; screening; serum; severe; simple; spectrometry; symptoms; syndrome; syrup; table; tandem; test; treatment; type; ucds; university; urea; urine; useful cache: ajlm-1946.htm plain text: ajlm-1946.txt item: #138 of 366 id: ajlm-195 author: None title: ajlm-195 date: None words: 1575 flesch: 31 summary: The Government of Namibia endorses the World Health Organization (WHO) resolutions and programs aimed at laboratory improvements, including the 2008 Maputo Declaration to strengthen laboratory systems,5 the WHO Regional Office for Africa’s (AFRO) Stepwise Laboratory Quality Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) framework6 and the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) programme.7 Implementing laboratory quality management in Namibia Top ↑ Accurate laboratory results improve medical interventions, minimise surgical and treatment errors, decrease the length of hospital stays and reduce the cost of hospitalisation.1 Weak reporting systems and delayed or inaccurate processing of test results contribute to increased morbidity and mortality from major diseases of public health concern, such as tuberculosis, malaria, cholera and HIV.2In 2012, Namibia’s Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS), working with stakeholders from both the private and public sectors, developed Namibia’s first National Public Health Laboratory Policy3 and Strategic Plan4 (approved by the cabinet and launched in 2013) to guide the delivery of quality laboratory improvements and services. keywords: accreditation; article; audits; authors; available; corrective; disease; document; health; improvement; internet; laboratories; laboratory; management; medical; ministry; mohss; namibia; national; office; organization; public; quality; results; services; slipta; slmta; social; staff; systems cache: ajlm-195.htm plain text: ajlm-195.txt item: #139 of 366 id: ajlm-1956 author: None title: ajlm-1956 date: None words: 4844 flesch: 36 summary: Building clinical pharmacology laboratory capacity in low- and middle-income countries: Experience from Uganda. Recommendations: Driven primarily by research projects, clinical pharmacology laboratory capacity was successfully established in Uganda, resulting in sustained research output and clinical support. keywords: acceptance; amikacin; anti; antiepileptics; antiretroviral; authors; building; capacity; care; chromatography; clinical; clinical pharmacology; collaborative; college; concentrations; costs; countries; d.o; department; development; diseases; diseases institute; drug; efavirenz; eqa; equipment; experience; field; figure; grant; health; health sciences; high; hiv; hplc; human; idi; income; infectious; infectious diseases; institute; instruments; international; kampala; kkgt; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory capacity; limited; liquid; lmics; lowand; makerere; makerere university; measurement; medicine; methods; middle; monitoring; patients; pharmacology; pharmacology laboratory; programme; quality; range; research; resource; results; rounds; samples; sciences; service; staff; states; studies; support; tdm; therapeutic; training; tuberculosis; uganda; united; university; university college; use; zurich cache: ajlm-1956.htm plain text: ajlm-1956.txt item: #140 of 366 id: ajlm-196 author: None title: ajlm-196 date: None words: 4582 flesch: 47 summary: FIGURE 1: Cumulative number of SLMTA trainers, master trainers and TOTs 2009-2013. FIGURE 2: Global distribution of SLMTA master trainers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chp.21148 8.Yolsal N, Bulut A, Karabey S, et al. Development of training of trainers programmes and evaluation of their effectiveness in Istanbul, Turkey. keywords: activities; aids; article; authors; building; capacity; content; countries; country; curriculum; development; effective; end; expansion; feedback; fidelity; global; graduates; group; health; hiv; implementation; improvement; laboratories; laboratory; learning; local; management; master; master trainers; methodology; participants; prevention; process; programme; quality; results; scale; slmta; slmta programme; slmta tot; strategy; survey; table; teachback; teaching; teams; toolkit; tot; tot graduates; trainers; training; utilisation; workshop cache: ajlm-196.htm plain text: ajlm-196.txt item: #141 of 366 id: ajlm-1964 author: None title: ajlm-1964 date: None words: 8803 flesch: 49 summary: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.031 Arts RJW, Moorlag SJCFM, Novakovic B, et al. BCG vaccination protects against experimental viral infection in humans through the induction of cytokines associated with trained immunity. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2020-DON233 Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, et al. keywords: acute; adaptive; addition; africa; aids; animal; antibodies; antibody; article; associated; asymptomatic; available; bcg; burden; cases; cause; cd4; cd8; cdc; cells; characteristics; china; clin; clinical; cold; common; control; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 cases; cross; data; deaths; development; disease; dynamics; ebola; epidemiological; et al; existing; exposure; factors; fatality; figure; global; health; high; hiv; homepage; host; human; humoral; immune; immune response; immune system; immunity; immunoglobin; immunol; incidence; individuals; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; innate immune; internet; lancet; like; limited; living; long; low; malaria; mechanisms; med; medicine; memory; microbiol; microbiology; mild; mortality; nature; netea; neutralising; new; nigeria; novel; number; omicron; organization; pandemic; pathogens; patients; people; person; pneumonia; policy; population; possible; pre; presumed; prevention; previous; protection; protein; ratio; reactive; recognition; reported; respiratory; response; responsible; review; saharan; saharan africa; samples; sars; sci; sept; september; severe; south; species; specific; spike; studies; study; sub; sufficiency; syndrome; system; testing; tolerance; total; tract; transmission; tuberculosis; united; vaccination; vaccine; variant; viral; wang; west; world; years cache: ajlm-1964.htm plain text: ajlm-1964.txt item: #142 of 366 id: ajlm-1975 author: None title: ajlm-1975 date: None words: 6065 flesch: 44 summary: The largest global cluster of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis that was ever reported was from Tugela Ferry in KwaZulu-Natal in 2005 and it was caused by a strain named F15/LAM4/KZN.24 A study conducted by Pillay et al. using M. tuberculosis isolates collected between 1994 and 2002 showed how this extensively drug-resistant strain accumulated resistance over time under a tuberculosis programme that lacked appropriate DST.25 Patients received inappropriate therapy, thus allowing the selection and spread of resistant strains and leading to treatment failure with dire consequences, especially among patients who were also HIV-positive.24 With the current tuberculosis diagnostic algorithm that only tests for rifampicin resistance, we find ourselves in a similar circumstance that calls for swift action if we are to avoid the same unfortunate outcome. Importantly, isolates carrying these mutations were also resistant to other first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs whose resistance is not routinely tested in tuberculosis patients globally, and the isolates also clustered into distinct groups with unique mutation profiles. keywords: africa; agar; analysis; assay; cases; clinical; data; detection; discordant; drug; dst; durban; ethambutol; gene; genome; genotype; health; i491f; initiation; innovation; isolates; isoniazid; kwazulu; l452p; laboratory; line; lineage; mdr; medical; medicine; methods; microbiol; molecular; mono; mtbdrplus; mutations; mycobacterium; natal; national; patients; phenotypic; province; pyrazinamide; rapid; research; resistance; resistant tuberculosis; results; rifampicin; rpob; rrdr; school; sciences; second; sequencing; south; south africa; states; stellenbosch; strains; streptomycin; study; susceptibility; susceptible; testing; tests; therapy; time; treatment; tuberculosis; united; university; xpert cache: ajlm-1975.htm plain text: ajlm-1975.txt item: #143 of 366 id: ajlm-1987 author: None title: ajlm-1987 date: None words: 4677 flesch: 45 summary: Visual haemoglobin colour scale method Each concentrate (0.1 g/dL – 1.0 g/dL) was aspirated into five haematocrit capillary tubes (Globe Scientific Inc., Mahwah, New Jersey, United States), which were then arranged in ascending order. The plasma haemoglobin concentrations of 68 RCCs were measured using the LHBP method (standard method) and the three developed alternative methods (CS, SCG and SCTC methods), and their results were compared statistically. keywords: alternative; alternative methods; analysis; blood; capillary; cell; center; colour; concentration; control; data; defence; defence university; department; faculty; figure; general; general sir; haemoglobin; haemolysate; haemolysis; health; health sciences; john; john kotelawala; kotelawala; kotelawala defence; laboratory; lanka; lhbp; linear; low; medical; methods; national; national blood; nbc; pbbs; percentage; plasma; plasma haemoglobin; quality; rccs; red; results; scale; scg; sciences; sctc; series; sir; sir john; sri; sri lanka; standard; states; storage; study; transfusion; tube; united; university; use; values; visual; werahera cache: ajlm-1987.htm plain text: ajlm-1987.txt item: #144 of 366 id: ajlm-199 author: None title: ajlm-199 date: None words: 5273 flesch: 36 summary: The need to engage laboratories in these countries in quality improvement and accreditation was identified very early during this collaboration when it became apparent that laboratory services, systems and infrastructure in the region were weak, with various populations lacking access to timely, low-cost and high-quality laboratory services.4 With the aim of improving laboratory quality in the region, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Caribbean Regional Office Laboratory Team, the International Laboratory Branch of the Division of Global HIV/AIDS at CDC Atlanta and the African Field Epidemiology Network (the laboratory implementing partner) collaborated to research options for effective laboratory quality improvement. The impact of SLMTA in improving laboratory quality systems in the Caribbean Region. keywords: accreditation; approach; areas; audit; baseline; caribbean; case; centers; challenges; checklist; control; countries; development; disease; documents; field; figure; health; impact; implementation; improvement; inventory; key; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory quality; management; mentorship; months; nonconformities; office; order; overall; pepfar; period; plan; prevention; process; programme; progress; projects; qms; quality; quality improvement; quality management; quality systems; region; regional; results; scores; slipta; slmta; slmta training; sops; staff; stars; stepwise; strengthening; support; systems; table; technical; time; training; use cache: ajlm-199.htm plain text: ajlm-199.txt item: #145 of 366 id: ajlm-1996 author: None title: ajlm-1996 date: None words: 323 flesch: 39 summary: Afr J Lab Med. 2023;12(1), a1996. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.1996 Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1344 Correction Corrigendum: The application of sigma metrics in the laboratory to assess quality control processes in South Africa Marli van Heerden, Jaya A. George, Siyabonga Khoza Published: 15 May 2023 Copyright: © 2023. About the Author(s) Marli van Heerden National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa Faculty of Health Sciences, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Jaya A. George National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa Faculty of Health Sciences, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Siyabonga Khoza National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa Faculty of Health Sciences, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Van Heerden M, George JA, Khoza S. Corrigendum: The application of sigma metrics in the laboratory to assess quality control processes in South Africa. keywords: africa; health; johannesburg; laboratory; sigma; south; south africa cache: ajlm-1996.htm plain text: ajlm-1996.txt item: #146 of 366 id: ajlm-1998 author: None title: ajlm-1998 date: None words: 2696 flesch: 36 summary: This phenomenon has been confirmed in Liddle syndrome patients where the urine-aldosterone to -potassium ratio was lower in subjects with the polymorphism than in normal subjects.9 Neonatal presentation of a patient with Liddle syndrome, South Africa. keywords: academic; africa; aldosterone; alkalosis; beta; case; channel; clinical; department; diagnosis; disease; division; effect; electropherogram; enac; epithelial; exon; faculty; family; genetic; health; heterozygous; hypertension; laboratory; liddle; liddle syndrome; management; metabolic; mmol; mutations; national; patients; phenotype; potassium; presentation; pretoria; renal; renin; results; sciences; scnn1a; sequencing; service; severe; sodium; south; south africa; study; subunits; syndrome; tshwane; university; variants; years cache: ajlm-1998.htm plain text: ajlm-1998.txt item: #147 of 366 id: ajlm-200 author: None title: ajlm-200 date: None words: 4465 flesch: 38 summary: The absence of National Laboratory Strategic Plans to provide roadmaps for the implementation of quality laboratory services, as well as the lack of National Laboratory Quality Standards to guide the provision of quality clinical laboratory services and accreditation in Nigeria, are also obstacles for the implementation of quality laboratory systems. In press. 12.Mokobela K, Moatshe M, Modukanele M. Using SLMTA and mentorship to accelerate laboratory improvement in Botswana. keywords: accreditation; afr; audit; authors; baseline; checklist; essentials; exit; exit audit; figure; health; implementation; improved; improvement; institute; internal; inventory; laboratories; laboratory; management; medical; mentorship; national; nigeria; order; overall; performance; prevention; process; programme; projects; quality; quality improvement; records; reference; research; results; scores; second; services; slmta; slmta programme; staff; stars; support; surveillance; system; tb laboratory; training; tuberculosis; virology; virology laboratory; workshop cache: ajlm-200.htm plain text: ajlm-200.txt item: #148 of 366 id: ajlm-2008 author: None title: ajlm-2008 date: None words: 2623 flesch: 56 summary: Nevertheless, the needle and syringe system is most commonly used in blood sampling,2 and delay in transferring blood to the test tube following sampling can occur, which may alter the results of blood tests, for instance haemoglobin levels. Thus, we conducted this study to evaluate the effect of delayed blood sample transfer on the haemoglobin level by analysing samples with different time delays under two conditions: drawing blood from the sedimented bottom portion or the non-sedimented upper portion of the syringe. TABLE 1: Reported cases of erroneous haemoglobin levels, South Korea, April 2022 - May 2022. keywords: adaptor; april; authors; blood; cases; changes; clinical; collected; collection; edta; effect; figure; haemoglobin; hospital; kim; korea; laboratory; levels; min; national; needle; position; pusan; results; samples; sedimentation; significant; south; study; syringe; system; test; time; transfer; tube; university cache: ajlm-2008.htm plain text: ajlm-2008.txt item: #149 of 366 id: ajlm-201 author: None title: ajlm-201 date: None words: 2998 flesch: 42 summary: The lab undertook a process of changing its internal culture to align all hospital stakeholders – including upper management, clinicians, laboratory staff and maintenance staff – to the mission of sustainable quality practices at BDHL. SLMTA was integrated by laboratory staff into routine work processes and a succession plan was developed for laboratory management to ensure the sustainability of the quality improvements. keywords: accreditation; activities; african; article; assessment; audit; authors; bdhl; bungoma; cause; clinicians; culture; district; equipment; external; foundation; global; health; healthcare; hospital; implementation; improvement; kenya; laboratories; laboratory; management; members; mentorship; months; officer; order; patient; procedure; process; processes; programme; progress; public; quality; results; services; slmta; staff; stakeholders; stars; support; sustainable; table; training cache: ajlm-201.htm plain text: ajlm-201.txt item: #150 of 366 id: ajlm-202 author: None title: ajlm-202 date: None words: 2407 flesch: 43 summary: One laboratory’s progress toward accreditation in Tanzania In This Lessons from the Field... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Programme implementation • Results • Discussion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions    • Disclosure statement • References Abstract Top ↑ Introduction: The Amana Regional Hospital Laboratory in Tanzania was selected, along with 11 other regional and district laboratories, to participate in a pilot programme for laboratory quality improvement using the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) training programme. If test results were received and were contradictory to clinical impressions, those test results were frequently ignored and only the clinical indicators were considered.3 Financial resources from funding organisations and programmes such as the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) focused on the prevention and care of infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis.4 Because control of these infectious diseases is dependent upon accurate laboratory data, laboratory improvement became a priority. keywords: accreditation; afro; amana; article; ascp; audit; authors; baseline; cdc; checklist; clinical; cohort; exit; health; implementation; improvement; laboratories; laboratory; level; management; months; practices; process; programme; projects; quality; regional; results; score; slipta; slmta; staff; stars; tanzania; team; workshop cache: ajlm-202.htm plain text: ajlm-202.txt item: #151 of 366 id: ajlm-2027 author: None title: ajlm-2027 date: None words: 4708 flesch: 45 summary: Objective: This study aimed to describe the appropriateness of tumour marker tests, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha foetal protein, prostate-specific antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 15-3, cancer antigen 125, and human chorionic gonadotropin, and determine the effectiveness of the EGK used in the public health sector in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The MRI rules that were in use for EGK per tumour marker test were as follows: HCG: 1 day; AFP: 1 month; PSA: previous result abnormal = 1 month and previous result normal = 1 year; carcinoembryonic antigen: 1 month; CA 125: 1 month; CA 19-9: 1 month; and CA 15-3: 1 month; where: 1 day is 12 h, 1 month is 21 days, and 1 year is 322 days since daily tests are not performed at the same time each day and a repeat visit within a set interval (eg. week or month) may happen before the exact interval has passed. keywords: abnormal; africa; antigen; article; available; cancer; carcinoembryonic; central; chemical; chemistry; clinical; clinicians; cost; data; demand; department; durban; education; effective; egk; electronic; facilities; faculty; figure; gatekeeping; guidelines; hcg; health; health laboratory; healthcare; hospitals; impact; implementation; inappropriate; interval; january; june; kwazulu; laboratory; laboratory service; management; marker; medicine; month; natal; national; national health; non; normal; ordering; pathology; period; practice; province; public; questionnaire; requests; results; sector; serum; service; south; south africa; specific; study; table; test; testing; tumour; tumour marker; use; utilisation; warehouse cache: ajlm-2027.htm plain text: ajlm-2027.txt item: #152 of 366 id: ajlm-2028 author: None title: ajlm-2028 date: None words: 543 flesch: 19 summary: The original incorrect wording: This current study revealed the presence of lytic tailed Klebsiella phages belonging to the family Myoviridae, Siphoviridae and Podoviridae in Nairobi sewage systems with relatively short latent periods and optimal burst sizes, indicating their therapeutic potential in composing phage cocktails and synergistic interaction in combination with non-sensitive antibiotic (imipenem) against carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolate in vitro. The revised and updated wording: This current study revealed the presence of lytic tailed Klebsiella phages belonging to the family Myoviridae and Podoviridae in Nairobi sewage systems with relatively short latent periods and optimal burst sizes, indicating their therapeutic potential in composing phage cocktails and synergistic interaction in combination with non-sensitive antibiotic (imipenem) against carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolate in vitro. keywords: biology; department; health; institute; interaction; kenya; nairobi; pneumoniae; sciences; technology; university; vitro cache: ajlm-2028.htm plain text: ajlm-2028.txt item: #153 of 366 id: ajlm-203 author: None title: ajlm-203 date: None words: 3816 flesch: 42 summary: At the same meeting, the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) programme was launched in order to help support laboratory quality improvement. During the planning stages, CDC and GHSS organised an advocacy meeting with hospital directors and laboratory managers of the five laboratories to ensure their buy-in and commitment to laboratory improvement. keywords: accreditation; activities; africa; areas; article; aslm; audit; authors; bamenda; baseline; brhl; cameroon; checklist; control; culture; exit; health; hospital; hospital laboratory; implementation; improvement; interim; laboratories; laboratory; management; medicine; members; mentors; new; office; official; organization; percentage; phase; points; process; programme; projects; public; quality; regional; regional hospital; results; services; site; slipta; slmta; staff; stars; systems; time; training; workshop; world cache: ajlm-203.htm plain text: ajlm-203.txt item: #154 of 366 id: ajlm-2044 author: None title: ajlm-2044 date: None words: 3862 flesch: 36 summary: Methods: We conducted a detailed gap analysis between SLIPTA and JCI laboratory standards from January 2021 to January 2022. It also addresses essential laboratory managerial and clinical functions while focusing on patient safety.11 Because JCI is a hospital accreditation scheme, laboratory JCI clauses are clinically oriented. keywords: accreditation; american; analysis; analytical; authors; available; beirut; checklist; clauses; commission; compliance; control; countries; critical; data; different; healthcare; implementation; improvement; international; iso; january; jci; joint; laboratories; laboratory; leadership; management; medicine; monitoring; organisation; patient; planning; presence; procedures; process; processes; programme; qms; quality; requirements; results; review; safety; section; services; slipta; slipta checklist; specific; staff; standards; stepwise; study; systems; testing cache: ajlm-2044.htm plain text: ajlm-2044.txt item: #155 of 366 id: ajlm-2053 author: None title: ajlm-2053 date: None words: 4946 flesch: 36 summary: AMR surveillance system has helped to standardise routine microbiological cultures and AST in hospitals, particularly those participating in AMR surveillance according to global standards (MCC meeting minutes of 11 May 2021, unpublished). Challenges include a need to develop, implement and build investment case studies for the sustainability of AMR surveillance in Tanzania and ensure proper use of third-generation cephalosporins. keywords: action; afr; africa; amr; amr surveillance; analysis; animal; antibiotics; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; article; ast; aureus; authors; bacterial; care; centre; cephalosporins; clinical; coli; control; coordination; country; covid-19; data; effective; framework; generation; glass; global; guidelines; health; high; hospital; human; implementation; infect; infection; information; institute; isolates; laboratories; laboratory; level; mcc; medical; ministry; national; need; nhl; organization; pathogens; patient; plan; pneumoniae; progress; quality; referral; region; regional; reports; republic; resistance; resistance surveillance; results; review; sectors; sentinel; services; sharing; sites; standards; studies; study; surveillance; surveillance system; susceptibility; system; tanzania; tertiary; treatment; trends; united; use; world cache: ajlm-2053.htm plain text: ajlm-2053.txt item: #156 of 366 id: ajlm-2058 author: None title: ajlm-2058 date: None words: 5534 flesch: 40 summary: Remote mentorship using video conferencing as an effective tool to strengthen laboratory quality management in clinical laboratories: Lessons from Cambodia. Model of success for laboratory quality management system implementation The use of open and axial coding techniques22 allowed the identification of 10 different categories, which represent the necessary activities, conditions, and strategies needed to improve the quality of laboratory services by implementing QMS in accordance with the standard. keywords: accordance; accreditation; afr; afr j; analysis; article; availability; central; change; clin; commitment; countries; data; effective; et al; experience; factors; figure; health; hospital; implementation; improvement; income; international; iso; j lab; key; ksfs; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory management; laboratory qms; laboratory quality; leadership; limited; literature; lmics; lowand; management; med; medical; medical laboratories; medicine; mentorship; middle; model; n =; necessary; need; nov; organisational; organization; pathol; personnel; points; problem; process; programme; project; qms; qms implementation; quality; quality improvement; quality management; reference; reporting; requirements; research; resource; results; review; reviewers; services; settings; slmta; staff; standard; standardization; studies; study; success; system; systematic; table; ukraine; underlying; understanding; world cache: ajlm-2058.htm plain text: ajlm-2058.txt item: #157 of 366 id: ajlm-2062 author: None title: ajlm-2062 date: None words: 5730 flesch: 45 summary: Surveillance testing initiated by disease control officers was included in 18% of deliveries, and these included tests for tuberculosis (n = 63), meningitis (n = 5), measles (n = 7), and yellow fever (n = 4). FIGURE 4: Laboratory tests ordered during the pilot of a specimen transport network at health facilities in the Northern region of Ghana between March 2019 and October 2019. Laboratory test results were delivered to the health facilities electronically through Proton AG (Geneva, Switzerland), a secure end-to-end encrypted email service. keywords: access; analysis; antenatal; application; availability; available; baseline; care; clinical; collection; costs; data; day; days; deliveries; delivery; diagnostic; different; disease; document; drivers; essential; external; facilities; facility; figure; ghana; global; health; health facilities; homepage; house; internet; laboratories; laboratory; march; marketplace; median; meningitis; min; months; mothers; national; network; northern; number; october; online; outside; patients; pilot; private; providers; public; quality; referral; region; request; results; review; samples; service; specimen; specimen transport; study; supplementary; surveillance; survey; system; tamale; tat; tested; testing; tests; time; transport; tuberculosis; uganda; united; usd; web cache: ajlm-2062.htm plain text: ajlm-2062.txt item: #158 of 366 id: ajlm-207 author: None title: ajlm-207 date: None words: 3285 flesch: 42 summary: The laboratory and the mentor established a relationship that allowed both parties to communicate via email or telephone, as needed, between visits. Evaluation SLMTA in-country trainers conducted audits in order to measure laboratory improvements using the World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa’s Stepwise Laboratory Quality Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) Article Information Authors: Kelebeletse O. Mokobela1 Mpho T. Moatshe1 Mosetsanagape Modukanele2 Affiliations: 1Ministry of Health, Botswana2US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Botswana Correspondence to: Mosetsanagape Modukanele Postal address: PO Box 90, Gaborone, Botswana Dates: Received: 26 June 2014 Accepted: 15 Sept. 2014 Published: 03 Nov. 2014 How to cite this article: Mokobela KO, Moatshe MT, Modukanele M. Accelerating the spread of laboratory quality improvement efforts in Botswana. keywords: accreditation; additional; areas; article; audit; authors; baseline; bobs; botswana; checklist; documents; exit; figure; health; hospital; implementation; improvement; laboratories; laboratory; management; median; mentoring; mentorship; moh; national; non; percentage; plan; points; process; programme; projects; qms; qse; quality; results; score; services; slipta; slmta; staff; standard; stars; strategic; systems; training cache: ajlm-207.htm plain text: ajlm-207.txt item: #159 of 366 id: ajlm-2072 author: None title: ajlm-2072 date: None words: 1466 flesch: 46 summary: In the World Health Organization African Region, total losses amounted to 629 603 271 disability adjusted life years; 59.1% were from communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions with diabetes, anaemia, malaria and syphilis contributing to the greatest burden of disease.5 The International Organization for Standardization defines POC testing and near-patient testing for any disease (not just infectious diseases) as ‘testing that is performed near or at the site of a patient with the result leading to possible change in the care of the patient’.6 The small footprint of the instrument means that they can be easily transported. Indeed, if one fast-forwards to 2022, POC testing has made great strides in diagnosing and managing the disease burden in Africa. keywords: access; africa; care; communities; data; diagnostics; digital; disease; equity; erasmus; european; global; health; healthcare; hiv; infectious; instruments; lab; load; management; med; medicine; organization; patient; poc; point; prevention; quality; rapid; technologies; testing; viral cache: ajlm-2072.htm plain text: ajlm-2072.txt item: #160 of 366 id: ajlm-208 author: None title: None date: None words: 3230 flesch: 52 summary: http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20130102.11 Hedberg P, Lehto T. Aging stability of complete blood count and white blood cell differential parameters analyzed by Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer. Introduction Top ↑ Pre-analytical variables, such as storage time and temperature, affect the measurement of laboratory parameters collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).1,2 Laboratory staff need to be aware of the changes that occur during storage in their specific setting in order to decide whether to accept or reject samples that are too old to obtain reliable results. keywords: advia; analyser; analysis; basophils; blood; cell; changes; clin; collection; count; diff; differential; edta; fbc; haematology; haemoglobin; hours; laboratory; manual; mcv; mean; monocytes; morphology; national; parameters; pbs; percentages; red; results; reticulocytes; samples; significant; stability; stable; storage; study; temperature; testing; time; wcc cache: ajlm-208.htm plain text: ajlm-208.txt item: #161 of 366 id: ajlm-2080 author: None title: ajlm-2080 date: None words: 2627 flesch: 46 summary: COP26 special report on climate change and health: the health argument for climate action. Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present and future impacts of climate change The 2022 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) paints a dark picture of the future of life on earth, characterised by ecosystem collapse, species extinction, and climate hazards such as heatwaves and floods.1 These are all linked to physical and mental health problems, with direct and indirect consequences of increased morbidity and mortality. keywords: action; adaptation; africa; atwoli; authors; available; cairo; care; cause; change; chief; climate; climate change; climate crisis; college; cop27; countries; crisis; department; editor; editorial; egypt; emissions; environmental; erhabor; faculty; food; gbakima; global; health; homepage; hospital; impacts; internet; james; journal; kenya; kingdom; london; medical; medicine; nairobi; nations; nigeria; office; organization; research; school; sciences; sep; severe; tunis; united; university; vulnerable; world cache: ajlm-2080.htm plain text: ajlm-2080.txt item: #162 of 366 id: ajlm-2085 author: None title: ajlm-2085 date: None words: 4966 flesch: 42 summary: Discussion The work investigated how effectively CD4 laboratories used reagents to deliver CD4 services in South Africa. In our context, all laboratory data is stored in a data warehouse environment with massive server capacity for all tests in the national network.22 Further investigation is required to understand how reagents are used in CD4 laboratories with higher and lower volumes to improve overall reagent usage. keywords: africa; analysis; annual; available; beckman; calculated; capacity; cassim; cd4; coetzee; correlation; coulter; data; days; delivery; efficiency; efficiency percentage; figure; finished; glencross; health; hiv; homepage; instrument; internet; johannesburg; laboratories; laboratory; level; lost; materials; model; monitoring; national; network; nhls; number; optimal; outs; pathology; percentage; performance; provinces; provincial; raw; reagent; reagent efficiency; referrals; reported; results; samples; service; sites; south; south africa; study; target; tat; testing; tests; time; turn; usage; use; utilisation; volumes cache: ajlm-2085.htm plain text: ajlm-2085.txt item: #163 of 366 id: ajlm-209 author: None title: ajlm-209 date: None words: 3471 flesch: 43 summary: The clinician questionnaire asked staff to rate hospital services, turnaround times, and overall satisfaction; evaluate the attitudes of laboratory staff; and suggest ways to respond to enquiries. Productive and frequent discussions between clinicians and laboratory staff paved the road to success and became a vehicle for translating strategic plans to action. keywords: accreditation; article; audit; authors; baseline; botswana; care; checklist; clin; clinical; clinician; customer; district; document; exit; figure; health; hospital; implementation; improvement; laboratories; laboratory; management; memorial; mentorship; moh; national; pathol; patient; plan; programme; project; qms; quality; results; samples; satisfaction; sekgoma; services; slipta; slmta; smhl; specimen; staff; standards; stars; strategic; system; testing; tests; time; training; turnaround cache: ajlm-209.htm plain text: ajlm-209.txt item: #164 of 366 id: ajlm-2096 author: Office, Editoial title: Acknowledgement to Reviewers date: 2022-12-19 words: 650 flesch: 32 summary: Moses Adoga Moses O. Akiibinu Hazim A. Alhiti George Asare Ojor R. Ayemoba Emmanuel O. Babafemi Marinus Barnard Ebi C. Bile Naseem Cassim MacDonald M. Chaava Bettina Chale-Matsau Modibo Coulibaly Anicet Dahourou Shewaneh Damite Tjeerd Datema Glenda M. Davison Alpha A. Diallo Mustapha Dibbasey Yakhya Dieye Titilope M. Dokunmu Peter Drotman Beverly Egyir Adetoun Ejilemele Okechukwu Ekenna Mathias Emokpae Kathleen England Nicolas Epie Folorunso O. Fasina Foluke A. Fasola Tusabe Fred Lisa Gerwing-Adima Verena Gounden Eshetu L. Haile Samson M. Haumba Rena Hoffman Fatih Hunç Prenika Jaglal Thumeka Jalavu Frantz Jean Louis Feyisayo E. Jegede Sudhakar Kalvatala Celso Khosa Byung S. Kim Daniel Kimani Jean Kloppers Winny Koster Elsie C. Kruger George B. Kyei Bashir Laway Raphael Lihana Sylvester Y. Lokpo Brett Lowe Fred Maate Pasipanodya I. Machingura Johnny Mahlangu Mosebo Manabile Aaron Maramba Patrick Mateta Tadele Melak Gesine Meyer-Rath Barend Mitton Margaret Mokomane Ngwanamohoba Mologadi Gene Morse Modisa S. Motswaledi Kundai Moyo Pierre Mukadi-Kaningu Andargachew Mulu Leonard Mutema Jane Mwangi Trusha Nana Koumpingnin Nebie Abraham J. Niehaus Roquaiya Nishat Francisca O. Nwaokorie El-shama A.Q. Nwoko Simon O. Nyangena Lucy Obonyo Nyangau Collins O. Odhiambo Erkison E. Odih John Ogunbileje Iruka N. Okeke Onyekachukwu F. I. Okeke Shittu Oladapo Olajumoke Oladipo Dayo R. Omotoso Okello E. Onen Rosanna W. Peeling Somasundram Pillay Dimitri Poddighe Joachim Potgieter Jennifer A. Punt Aramide R. Shehu Mohammad Soleimani Alice Street Ralph Timperi Farouk A. Umaru Lara Vojnov Edda Vuhahula Usman Waheed Andrew Whitelaw Camila M. Wilhelm Victor Williams Anna-Lise Williamson Sheila Woodcock Raj N. Yadav Annalise E. Zemlin Mashayed M. Ziadi Alban G.C. Zohoun http://www.ajlmonline.org� https://ajlmonline.org mailto:submissions@ajlmonline.org mailto:submissions@ajlmonline.org https://ajlmonline.org https://ajlmonline.org https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user mailto:publishing@aosis.co.za Acknowledgement to reviewers Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: access; acknowledgement; african; appropriate; contact; details; expertise; http://www.ajlmonline.org; interest; journal; laboratory; mailto:submissions@ajlmonline.org; manuscript; medicine; moses; okeke; online; order; peer; process; publication; reviewer; selection; timely; user; website cache: ajlm-2096.pdf plain text: ajlm-2096.txt item: #165 of 366 id: ajlm-2099 author: None title: ajlm-2099 date: None words: 5467 flesch: 46 summary: Existing guidelines for the diagnosis and follow-up of SLE such as ‘The 2019 European League Against Rheumatism and the American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus’18 do not specify a certain assay for anti-dsDNA detection. According to our data, the AtheNA Multi-Lyte test system had the same sensitivity as IIF for anti-dsDNA detection, as well as improved specificity. keywords: agreement; aiv; ana; analytical; anca; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; april; assays; athena; athena multi; autoantibodies; autoimmune; clinical; controls; cytoplasmic; data; detection; diagnosis; diseases; dsdna; egypt; elisa; erythematosus; follow; group; healthy; hospitals; iif; immunoassay; immunofluorescence; immunol; indirect; international; lupus; lyte; lyte aiv; manufacturer; methods; multi; multiplex; myeloperoxidase; neutrophil; nuclear; participants; patients; perfect; performance; polyangiitis; positive; proteinase; quantitative; results; rheumatol; samples; screening; sensitivity; sharqia; sle; specificity; states; study; subjects; substantial; systemic; systems; table; test; testing; united; university; use; vasculitis; zagazig cache: ajlm-2099.htm plain text: ajlm-2099.txt item: #166 of 366 id: ajlm-2107 author: None title: ajlm-2107 date: None words: 2788 flesch: 44 summary: What this study adds: This study revealed the distribution of genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV) coding for ESBL production among ceftriaxone resistant GNB causing HCAIs However, all ESBL producing GNB were susceptible towards ceftriaxone-sulbactam indicating that ceftriaxone-sulbactam may be empirically prescribed for treating patients with HCAIs. This cross-sectional study characterised ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV) among 30 ceftriaxone-resistant GNB causing HCAIs between January 2022 and July 2022 by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay at the zonal referral hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. keywords: assay; bacteria; beta; blactx; blashv; blatem; bugando; catholic; ceftriaxone; centre; coli; data; detection; dna; esbl; extended; genes; gnb; gram; hcais; healthcare; hospital; infections; isolates; january; july; laboratory; lactamase; majority; medical; microbiology; multiplex; mwanza; negative; patients; pcr; polymerase; pus; reaction; recovered; republic; resistant; resistant gnb; sciences; spectrum; study; surgical; table; tanzania; united; university cache: ajlm-2107.htm plain text: ajlm-2107.txt item: #167 of 366 id: ajlm-2119 author: None title: ajlm-2119 date: None words: 3688 flesch: 54 summary: COVID-19 second wave: District level study of concentration of confirmed cases and fatality in India. TABLE 2: COVID-19 positivity rate and socio-demographics of participants in Ndola, Zambia, December 2020 – March 2021. keywords: age; analysis; asymptomatic; cases; centre; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cross; curve; data; december; department; differences; diseases; epidemiological; february; female; health; higher; individuals; infection; january; laboratory; male; march; measures; ndola; number; pandemic; positive; positivity; positivity rate; public; rate; research; respiratory; results; sars; school; sciences; second; sectional; severe; study; table; tdrc; testing; transmission; travellers; tropical; university; variables; wave; years; zambia cache: ajlm-2119.htm plain text: ajlm-2119.txt item: #168 of 366 id: ajlm-214 author: None title: ajlm-214 date: None words: 5156 flesch: 43 summary: • Competing interests    • Disclaimer    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: In 2009, Ghana adopted the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) programme in order to improve laboratory quality. This paper describes how a country like Ghana, which receives very limited funding, was able to achieve marked improvement in laboratory quality management by empowering local partners to implement the SLMTA programme. keywords: accreditation; afr; approach; audit; authors; baseline; building; capacity; cdc; checklist; cohort; control; countries; country; disease; exit; experience; figure; follow; funding; ghana; ghss; health; human; implementation; improvement; internal; iso; laboratories; laboratory; level; limited; local; management; mentors; mentorship; national; official; order; pages; partners; patient; pepfar; plan; points; process; programme; quality; regional; rejection; results; satisfaction; scores; service; site; slipta; slmta; specimen; staff; stars; strengthening; support; systems; technical; time; trainers; training cache: ajlm-214.htm plain text: ajlm-214.txt item: #169 of 366 id: ajlm-2143 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 11, No 1 date: 2022-12-31 words: 3146 flesch: -126 summary: AJLM 11(1)_2022_Contents.indd http://www.ajlmonline.org Open Access Table of Contents Lessons from the Field COVID-19 mass testing and sequencing: Experiences from a laboratory in Western Kenya John N. Waitumbi, Esther Omuseni, Josphat Nyataya, Clement Masakhwe, Faith Sigei, Allan Lemtudo, George Awinda, Eric Muthanje, Brian Andika, Rachel Githii, Rehema Liyai, Gathii Kimita, Beth Mutai African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 11, No 1 | a1737 | 22 An emerging concern among people living with HIV in Uganda and across sub-Saharan Africa Nicholus Nanyeenya, Noah Kiwanuka, Damalie Nakanjako, Gertrude Nakigozi, Simon P.S. Kibira, Susan Nabadda, Charles Kiyaga, Isaac Sewanyana, Esther Nasuuna, Fredrick Makumbi African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 11, No 1 | a1899 | 20 October 2022 Original Research Impact of pre-COVID-19 epidemic preparedness on the trajectory of the pandemic in African countries Talkmore Maruta, Sikhulile Moyo African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 11, No 1 | a1571 | 31 March 2022 Original Research Prevalence of alpha and beta haemolysin among blood group O donors in Bamenda, Cameroon Victor N. Fondoh, Nobert Ndzenjempuh, Tamunjoh Stella, Richard M. Fondoh, Charles N. Awasom, Rebecca Enow-Tanjong, Egbe P. Egbengu, Robert Leke, Njini F.N. Rose, Denis Nsame African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 11, No 1 | a1432 | 19 April 2022 Original Research Red cell distribution width as a surrogate marker of haemoglobinopathies in western Kenya Benard M. Mutua, George Sowayi, Patrick Okoth African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 11, No 1 | a1644 | 29 April 2022 36 42 49 59 69 74 83 89 keywords: academic; access; accreditation; african journal; antimicrobial; april; article; august; blood; cameroon; cell; central; challenges; contents; contents original; covid-19; deborah; diagnosis; field; george; glencross; glencross african; health; hepatitis; hiv; human; ibadan; implementation; isolates; jean; joseph; july; june; kenya; laboratory medicine; lessons; march; mohammed; nigeria; november; october; open; original research; page; patients; patrick; peter; resistance; review; september; singh; south; south africa; study; susan; table; testing; tests; thomas; time; tuberculosis; van; virus; vol; western; | a1344; | a1371; | a1429; | a1432; | a1458; | a1504; | a1555; | a1563; | a1570; | a1587; | a1606; | a1628; | a1645; | a1650; | a1673; | a1718; | a1737; | a1803; | a1834; | a1841; | a1899; | a2072; | a2096; | issn cache: ajlm-2143.pdf plain text: ajlm-2143.txt item: #170 of 366 id: ajlm-216 author: None title: ajlm-216 date: None words: 4771 flesch: 45 summary: The SLIPTA checklist provides an evaluation score based on laboratory quality in the 12 quality system essentials (QSEs). Impact of laboratory accreditation on patient care and the health system. keywords: accreditation; africa; aids; art; audit; care; cdc; clin; costs; critical; days; equipment; gaps; goal; health; hiv; implementation; improvement; improvement projects; international; iso; journey; kenya; laboratories; laboratory; management; manager; manuscript; meetings; mentorship; ministry; monitoring; national; nhrl; order; organization; pathol; personnel; plans; process; programme; progress; projects; public; qms; quality; reference; results; score; section; service; slmta; staff; stars; support; system; table; team; testing; time; training; visit; work cache: ajlm-216.htm plain text: ajlm-216.txt item: #171 of 366 id: ajlm-2167 author: None title: ajlm-2167 date: None words: 2955 flesch: 36 summary: In cases of positive antibacterial activity, an average zone of inhibition was calculated and recorded as the final result. The presumptive Bacillus species isolate with positive antibacterial activity was Gram-positive and rod-shaped with central spores on microscopic examination after Gram staining. keywords: activity; altitudinis; antibacterial; antibacterial activity; antibiotic; antimicrobial; article; aureus; bacillus; bacillus altitudinis; bacillus species; bacteria; beta; catholic; clindamycin; clinical; complex; data; gram; health; identification; inducible; inhibition; isolate; laboratory; lactamase; mdr; metabolites; methicillin; microbiol; microbiology; min; mrsa; multidrug; mwanza; negative; plates; positive; potential; presumptive; production; pumilus; research; resistant; samples; sciences; soil; species; staphylococcus; sterile; strains; study; tanzania; united; university cache: ajlm-2167.htm plain text: ajlm-2167.txt item: #172 of 366 id: ajlm-219 author: None title: ajlm-219 date: None words: 2662 flesch: 41 summary: Khue N. Luong4 Quynh T. Hoang5 Sandeep Meharwal6 Humberto M. Carvalho7 Cuong Q. Nguyen8 Kim T. Nguyen9 Kyle B. Bond5 Affiliations: 1National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), Vietnam 2Mayo Clinic, United States 3Integrated Quality Laboratory Services (IQLS), France 4Vietnam Administration for Medical Services (VAMS), Vietnam 5US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vietnam 6United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Deliver Project, Indonesia 7Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), United States 8FHI360, Vietnam 9French Department, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Correspondence to: Kyle Bond Postal address: 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4018, United States Dates: Received: 06 Sept. 2014 Accepted: 22 Sept. 2014 Published: 03 Nov. 2014 How to cite this article: Nguyen TT, McKinney B, Pierson A, Luong KN, et al. SLIPTA e-Tool improves laboratory audit process in Vietnam and Cambodia. SLIPTA e-Tool improves laboratory audit process in Vietnam and Cambodia In This lessons from the field... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Research methods and design    • Development of the e-Tool • Results • Discussion • Acknowledgements    • keywords: accreditation; administration; analysis; audit; auditors; authors; available; baseline; cambodia; cdc; checklist; country; data; design; development; documents; electronic; exit; figure; gaps; health; implementation; improvement; laboratories; laboratory; level; management; manuscript; paper; process; programme; quality; report; results; section; services; slipta; slipta checklist; slmta; tool; use; vietnam cache: ajlm-219.htm plain text: ajlm-219.txt item: #173 of 366 id: ajlm-220 author: None title: ajlm-220 date: None words: 4933 flesch: 40 summary: SLMTA laboratories In May 2010, the first four-day SLMTA workshop was conducted for representatives from each of the laboratories. At exit, twinned laboratories had increased an average 12 additional percentage points (44 total), reaching two to four stars; non-twinned laboratories increased an average of 28 additional percentage points (38 total), reaching one to three stars. keywords: accreditation; accredited; addition; afr; approach; art; assessment; audit; average; baseline; cdc; checklist; clinical; country; data; disease; eqa; examination; exit; figure; health; high; hiv; improvement; institutional; international; kenya; laboratories; laboratory; management; medical; mentee; mentorship; mid; models; moh; national; non; pages; pepfar; percentage; plan; points; process; programme; public; qses; quality; regional; research; resource; results; review; scores; sector; services; slipta; slmta; staff; standard; stars; strengthening; support; systems; tasks; term; testing; twinning; visits; workshop cache: ajlm-220.htm plain text: ajlm-220.txt item: #174 of 366 id: ajlm-224 author: None title: None date: None words: 7109 flesch: 47 summary: HIV rapid testing remains a key entry point to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support in resource-limited settings.7 Its main advantages include the relative ease of use, low cost and faster turn-around time over enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and Western blot (WB) assays. With an HIV rapid testing strategy, increased awareness of HIV status amongst many groups who would otherwise have been unaware of their status has been achieved.8,9,10 Providing quality-assured and accurate rapid HIV serological testing is critical in the early diagnosis and timely counselling of HIV-infected people for referral to care and treatment as well as prevention of mother-to-child transmission and monitoring of HIV prevalence in the population.7,9 HIV rapid testing also readily provides access to and enhances HIV counselling and testing in hard-to-reach rural populations,11,12 as well as in hard-to-reach, high-risk target populations, such as men who have sex with men.10 High-risk groups with acute HIV infection in Nigeria have previously been characterised by use of a combination of rapid HIV testing in mobile units and laboratory-based specimens pooling for nucleic acid amplification testing.13 keywords: accuracy; africa; aids; algorithms; alternative; analysis; antibody; appendix; assays; authors; available; breaker; bunditm; cdc; chain; characteristics; cold; combinations; confirmatory; control; cost; countries; country; criteria; data; dependent; determinetm; development; ease; eia; evaluated; evaluation; false; field; findings; fmoh; following; goldtm; group; health; high; hiv; hiv rapid; hiv testing; hiv-1; hospital; human; individual; infection; interim; kits; laboratorians; laboratory; national; negative; nigeria; non; organization; pak; panel; parallel; performance; phase; positive; possible; prevention; programme; quality; rapid; rapid testing; reference; research; results; rtks; screening; selection; sensitivity; serial; serial algorithms; serial testing; settings; specificity; specimens; stat; study; table; teaching; test kits; testing; testing algorithms; tests; tie; university; use; world cache: ajlm-224.htm plain text: ajlm-224.txt item: #175 of 366 id: ajlm-23 author: None title: ajlm-23 date: None words: 2195 flesch: 45 summary: Cardiac troponin T quantitative assay failure as a result of antibody interference In This Oorspronklike Navorsing: Wiskundeonderrig... Furthermore, cTn has also been shown to have value for the prediction of adverse cardiovascular events in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome.2 Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) appears to be an important marker of coronary heart disease, mortality and risk of heart failure in a healthy population without manifest cardiovascular disease.3Measurement of cardiac troponins is achieved by immunoassay. keywords: antibody; assay; authors; autoantibodies; autoantibody; blood; cape; cardiac; cardiac troponin; case; chem; clin; clinical; control; ctnt; diagnostics; failure; heart; heterophile; igg; immunoassay; immunoglobulin; interference; laboratory; letter; line; mouse; myocardial; patient; plasma; positive; quantitative; reader; result; roche; sample; serum; strip; test; town; troponin cache: ajlm-23.htm plain text: ajlm-23.txt item: #176 of 366 id: ajlm-231 author: None title: ajlm-231 date: None words: 4027 flesch: 42 summary: Methods: SLMTA was implemented in five pilot laboratories in Cameroon between October 2010 and October 2012 by means of a series of workshops, laboratory improvement projects and on-site mentorship. Laboratory improvement projects are an integral part of the SLMTA programme, and were assigned to participants after each workshop. keywords: accreditation; afr; african; audit; authors; available; cameroon; cdc; checklist; cohort; cost; days; decentralised; document; global; health; hospital; implementation; improvement; intermediate; internet; laboratories; laboratory; management; median; model; pages; participants; percentage; plan; points; process; programme; project; public; quality; regional; resource; results; scores; second; site; slipta; slmta; solutions; staff; stars; study; systems; trainers; training; workshops cache: ajlm-231.htm plain text: ajlm-231.txt item: #177 of 366 id: ajlm-233 author: None title: ajlm-233 date: None words: 3952 flesch: 34 summary: Future studies focusing on the cost-benefit of the SLMTA programme and long-term sustainability of results within SLMTA laboratories, as well as of the programme as a whole, would be beneficial. However, for laboratories in developing countries accreditation is a daunting challenge that only a handful of public laboratories in Africa have surmounted.14 As a result, the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Africa has suggested that member countries improve the performance standards of their laboratories by implementing laboratory quality management systems (LQMS), establishing intermediate quality level goals and working toward accreditation in a stepwise manner.15 The laboratory network in Ethiopia is organised according to size and scope: health centre laboratories, hospital laboratories, regional reference laboratories and national reference laboratories. keywords: accreditation; attitudes; ceos; challenges; commitment; communication; concerns; cost; countries; country; data; ephi; ethiopia; facilities; facility; focus; group; health; healthcare; hospital; implementation; importance; improvements; laboratories; laboratory; lack; level; management; managers; mentorship; national; officers; participants; partners; perceptions; professionals; programme; public; quality; regional; resources; respondents; results; role; services; slmta; slmta programme; staff; study; sustainability; systems; time; training cache: ajlm-233.htm plain text: ajlm-233.txt item: #178 of 366 id: ajlm-234 author: None title: None date: None words: 3342 flesch: 46 summary: We also evaluated whether facility level, distribution and type of CD4 equipment or the staffing levels by facility affected the presence of functional CD4 equipment. Postal address: PO Box 32060, Kampala, Uganda Dates: Received: 27 Aug. 2014 Accepted: 15 Aug. 2015 Published: 30 Nov. 2015 How to cite this article: Kasusse ML, Tumwesigye NM, Aisu S, Matovu JKB, Wanyenze R. Effectiveness of the credit-line approach for support of CD4 equipment functionality in northern Uganda. keywords: acholi; analysers; approach; areas; authors; available; care; cd4; clinical; commodities; cphl; credit; delivery; districts; effectiveness; equipment; facilities; facility; functionality; health; hiv; hospitals; iiis; issues; laboratory; lango; level; line; medical; ministry; moh; monitoring; northern; patients; pmid; point; public; questionnaires; reagents; region; school; staffing; sub; supplies; system; table; test; testing; type; uganda; university cache: ajlm-234.htm plain text: ajlm-234.txt item: #179 of 366 id: ajlm-239 author: None title: ajlm-239 date: None words: 2907 flesch: 42 summary: In 2001, Thailand established a step-wise national accreditation programme as a local alternative for improvement of laboratory quality. Hospital accreditation, as in Thailand, will most likely drive the need for laboratory quality, as active involvement of managers will create collective organisational commitment of quality improvement and a focus on patient-oriented thinking. keywords: accreditation; afr; africa; art; authors; available; care; caribbean; clinical; countries; errors; evidence; global; health; healthcare; implementation; improvement; internet; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory medicine; lqms; management; medicine; organization; pages; patient; point; practice; process; programme; qms; quality; results; services; sip; slipta; slmta; systems; testing; time; tipping; use cache: ajlm-239.htm plain text: ajlm-239.txt item: #180 of 366 id: ajlm-246 author: None title: None date: None words: 5659 flesch: 51 summary: This study is the first of its kind to assess the characteristics, experiences and perceptions of medical laboratory science students in the Biomedical Science training programme in Namibia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576280310001607442 Ferrinho P, Fronteira I, Sidat M, et al. Profile and professional expectations of medical students in Mozambique: a longitudinal study. keywords: africa; areas; authors; biomedical; biomedical science; career; challenges; countries; country; data; degree; desire; development; drain; education; expectations; experiences; family; female; field; fourth; future; government; health; healthcare; hum; important; industry; laboratory; lack; majority; medical; members; migration; n =; namibia; national; new; opportunities; opportunity; perceptions; personal; polytechnic; population; professional; profile; programme; questionnaire; related; research; resour; respondents; responses; results; rural; saharan; school; science; scientists; students; studies; study; sub; table; tertiary; training; university; urban; work; workers; working; year cache: ajlm-246.htm plain text: ajlm-246.txt item: #181 of 366 id: ajlm-248 author: None title: ajlm-248 date: None words: 3576 flesch: 36 summary: To better compare the two models, we estimated SLMTA implementation costs based on a theoretical scenario, keeping all contextual variables constant across the two models. Research methods and design Top ↑ SLMTA programme Details of SLMTA programme implementation have been described elsewhere.2 keywords: analysis; authors; available; average; cdc; cohort; contextual; cost; countries; country; expenditures; external; facilitators; financial; health; implementation; internal; internal facilitators; laboratories; laboratory; local; management; mentorship; models; mohcw; national; participants; phase; plan; programme; provinces; quality; slmta; staff; strengthening; study; systems; theoretical; trainers; training; variables; zimbabwe; zinqap cache: ajlm-248.htm plain text: ajlm-248.txt item: #182 of 366 id: ajlm-253 author: None title: ajlm-253 date: None words: 4132 flesch: 33 summary: Discussion Top ↑ Through SLMTA, Mozambique has begun to make substantial progress in laboratory quality improvement and has developed a plan to ensure that continued progress is both feasible and sustainable. Working toward a sustainable laboratory quality improvement programme through country ownership: Mozambique’s SLMTA story In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Research methods and design    • Institutionalisation of the SLMTA programme    • Implementation • Results • Discussion    • Challenges    • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions    • CDC disclaimer • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: Launched in 2009, the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) programme has emerged as an innovative approach for the improvement of laboratory quality. keywords: accreditation; article; audit; auditors; capacity; cdc; central; checklist; cohort; commitment; country; directors; exit; figure; framework; health; hospital; implementation; improvement; institutionalisation; international; key; laboratories; laboratory; leadership; management; ministry; moh; mozambique; national; network; order; ownership; percentage; personnel; policy; process; programme; progress; projects; provincial; qms; quality; reference; results; services; slipta; slmta; staff; stars; sustainable; systems; trainers; training; twg; working cache: ajlm-253.htm plain text: ajlm-253.txt item: #183 of 366 id: ajlm-256 author: None title: ajlm-256 date: None words: 1199 flesch: 44 summary: Article Information Authors: Michael A. Noble1 Robert Martin2 Jean-Bosco Ndihokubwayo3 Affiliations: 1Program Office for Laboratory Quality Management, University of British Columbia, Canada 2Department of Global Health, University of Washington, United States 3World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Republic of the Congo How to cite this article: Noble MA, Martin R, Ndihokubwayo J-B. Making great strides in medical laboratory quality. Making great strides in medical laboratory quality In This Editorial... Open Access • Content • References Content Top ↑ keywords: access; accreditation; article; authors; blood; clin; clinical; control; early; great; health; improvement; laboratories; laboratory; management; medical; modern; noble; office; organization; pathol; processes; quality; states; strides; testing; united; use cache: ajlm-256.htm plain text: ajlm-256.txt item: #184 of 366 id: ajlm-265 author: None title: ajlm-265 date: None words: 6798 flesch: 39 summary: The drive for action    • Implementation    • Capacity building    • Partnership    • On-site support and mentorship    • Success factors    • Challenges    • Limitations to the study    • Feedback on the SLMTA programme • Future directions    • Progression (continued improvement in SLMTA laboratories)    • There is an urgent need to move forward in four strategic directions: progression (continued improvement in SLMTA laboratories), saturation (additional laboratories within countries that have implemented SLMTA), expansion (implementation in additional countries), and extension (adapting SLMTA for implementation beyond the laboratory), to lead to transformation of overall health systems and patient care. keywords: accreditation; additional; afr; afr j; africa; analysis; art; auditors; authors; available; building; cameroon; capacity; care; cdc; challenges; comprehensive; continued; countries; country; critical; culture; data; developing; development; directions; document; efforts; et al; expansion; experience; future; global; health; hospital; impact; implementation; improvement; income; international; internet; j lab; kenya; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory quality; lack; level; literature; local; low; management; maruta; mentorship; ministry; national; need; order; pages; partners; patient; pepfar; plan; process; programme; public; qms; quality; quality improvement; quality management; regional; report; results; review; rwanda; site; slipta; slmta; slmta implementation; slmta programme; staff; strategic; strengthening; studies; study; success; support; systems; table; trainers; training; working; yao cache: ajlm-265.htm plain text: ajlm-265.txt item: #185 of 366 id: ajlm-269 author: None title: ajlm-269 date: None words: 4913 flesch: 52 summary: The HCV Quantitative PCR proficiency panel (QCMD, Glasgow, Scotland) was prepared in five-fold dilutions as an external quality control standard to calculate the lower limit of detection of the optimised HCV RNA PCR assay. Conclusion: The optimised real-time HCV PCR on infant DBS specimens performed well, but HCV was not found in this surveillance study. keywords: africa; annealing; assay; blood; c virus; children; clinical; cobas; concentration; control; dbs; dbs specimens; department; detection; diagnosis; durban; et al; external; figure; green; hcv; health; hepatitis; high; hiv; infants; infected; infection; kwazulu; laboratory; lightcycler; loads; low; master; medicine; method; molecular; natal; national; negative; pcr; plasma; positive; prevalence; primer; quality; reaction; real; results; rna; school; services; south; south africa; specimens; spots; study; surveillance; sybr; temperature; template; testing; time; transmission; university; use; viral; virus cache: ajlm-269.htm plain text: ajlm-269.txt item: #186 of 366 id: ajlm-276 author: None title: ajlm-276 date: None words: 4326 flesch: 45 summary: The authors report that the starting level of laboratory quality in developing countries was very low, with 84% of SLMTA laboratories scoring below the one-star level at baseline. Results: Global programme data show improved quality in SLMTA laboratories in every country, with average improvements on audit scores of 25 percentage points. keywords: accreditation; action; afr j; africa; analysis; art; article; assessment; audit; authors; average; cdc; checklist; comprehensive; corrective; cost; countries; country; data; essentials; et al; exit; external; global; health; hospital; implementation; improvement; indicators; internal; j lab; laboratories; laboratory; literature; management; mentorship; meta; overall; pages; patient; percentage; points; process; programme; qses; quality; region; results; review; scores; slipta; slmta; slmta programme; standards; star; studies; system; table; training; zimbabwe cache: ajlm-276.htm plain text: ajlm-276.txt item: #187 of 366 id: ajlm-278 author: None title: ajlm-278 date: None words: 4535 flesch: 46 summary: The Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology: definitions, criteria and explanatory notes. The performance of the Cellslide® automated LBC system was evaluated as a possible alternative to conventional cytology in a national cervical cancer screening programme. keywords: africa; agreement; analysis; asch; ascus; atypical; cancer; carolina; cases; cellslide; cervical; conventional; conventional cytology; cost; cytology; cytopathol; cytotechnologists; department; diagnosis; evaluation; grade; health; high; hiv; hpv; hsil; human; intraepithelial; johannesburg; laboratory; lbc; lesions; liquid; lsil; methods; national; negative; nilm; north; number; performance; poor; population; positive; positive women; quality; rate; results; review; samples; screening; sensitivity; service; smears; south; south africa; squamous; study; system; testing; university; witwatersrand; women cache: ajlm-278.htm plain text: ajlm-278.txt item: #188 of 366 id: ajlm-279 author: None title: ajlm-279 date: None words: 681 flesch: 29 summary: This special issue provides a comprehensive collection of programme results, including a detailed description of the SLMTA methodology and variations thereof, analyses of global programme data, and a summary of the progress made in developing a cadre of indigenous SLMTA trainers to facilitate global scale-up. The more complicated work of rigorous programme evaluation – for example, studies using randomized interventions and control groups; formal calculations of cost-effectiveness; and assessment of the health impact of laboratory quality improvement – remains to be done. keywords: accreditation; article; health; improvement; information; issue; laboratories; laboratory; management; medicine; programme; quality; slmta; special cache: ajlm-279.htm plain text: ajlm-279.txt item: #189 of 366 id: ajlm-28 author: None title: ajlm-28 date: None words: 3653 flesch: 62 summary: Méthodes: Étude comparative de la mesure du taux d’hémoglobine à partir du photomètre Hemocue Hb 201+® et d’analyseurs d’hématologie chez 213 enfants de 6 à 59 mois souffrant d’un paludisme simple; la détermination du taux d’hémoglobine par les analyseurs est retenue comme méthode de référence pour évaluer Hemocue Hb201+®. = être âgé de 6 mois à 6 ans = avoir de la fièvre (température axillaire supérieure ou égale à 37.5 °C ou température rectale supérieure à 38 °C) ou rapporter un épisode de fièvre dans les 72 dernières heures = avoir une goutte épaisse et un frottis sanguin positif. keywords: + ®; anaemia; analyseurs; ceux; chez; coefficient; comparative; dans; des; deux; diagnostic; différences; dispersion; dosage; d’hemocue; d’hématologie; d’hémoglobine; enfants; entre; haemoglobin; hb201; hemocue; les; limites; lomé; l’anémie; l’hémoglobine; l’étude; mois; moyenne; méthodes; niveau; obtenues; ont; par; pas; performance; population; pour; périphérique; que; qui; référence; résultats; sanitaires; santé; selon; sensibilité; sites; sokodé; sont; spécificité; structures; sur; taux; température; test; togo; une; étaient; était; été; évaluation; être cache: ajlm-28.htm plain text: ajlm-28.txt item: #190 of 366 id: ajlm-280 author: None title: ajlm-280 date: None words: 5014 flesch: 38 summary: This notably included the September 2008 resolution AFR/RC58/R2 on Public Health Laboratory Strengthening adopted during the 58th session of the WHO Regional Committee in Yaoundé, Cameroon12 and the 2008 Joint WHO-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conference on laboratory quality systems in Lyon, France, where implementation of laboratory quality management systems in a staged approach was first recognised and endorsed by partners.13 Recognising the need for a strong laboratory system in the efforts to maximise gains made through investments in health systems, these commitments by the governments of Africa were critical in solidifying the much-needed political commitment to drive the agenda for laboratory system strengthening. The Independent Evaluating Group, established through a memorandum of understanding with WHO AFRO, implemented SLIPTA by first identifying a secretariat and second, establishing a SLIPTA Independent Advisory Group, comprising regional and international experts in laboratory quality management systems and accreditation who oversee the coordination and implementation of the process. FIGURE 1: The WHO AFRO SLIPTA governance structure. keywords: accreditation; africa; afro; afro slipta; application; aslm; audit; audited; auditors; available; checklist; clinical; continuous; corrective; countries; country; development; disease; document; focal; global; governance; health; health organization; implementation; improvement; internal; international; internet; iso; laboratories; laboratory; management; march; medicine; member; national; office; organization; partners; performance; points; process; programme; public; quality; recognition; regional; requirements; resources; results; role; secretariat; sections; slipta; society; standards; star; states; stepwise; strengthening; systems; table; training; united; world; world health cache: ajlm-280.htm plain text: ajlm-280.txt item: #191 of 366 id: ajlm-288 author: None title: ajlm-288 date: None words: 4279 flesch: 52 summary: These results confirmed Lassa virus as the aetiological agent that caused the outbreak in Liberia, where Lassa fever is known to be endemic.21 Other published Lassa virus sequences were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s15,16 GenBank (Table 2) to align with the generated sequences for phylogenetic analysis. keywords: accra; africa; amplification; analysis; assay; asymptomatic; blood; cases; close; contacts; detection; division; endemic; et al; fever; figure; gel; genbank; gene; germany; ghana; guinea; health; hospital; institute; kit; laboratory; lassa; lassa fever; lassa virus; legon; liberia; manuscript; medical; memorial; military; minutes; molecular; new; noguchi; patients; pcr; phylogenetic; primers; products; public; reaction; real; reported; research; results; reverse; rna; samples; seconds; segment; sequences; states; step; strains; surveillance; table; time; transcription; united; university; vhf; viral; virus; west cache: ajlm-288.htm plain text: ajlm-288.txt item: #192 of 366 id: ajlm-289 author: None title: ajlm-289 date: None words: 2846 flesch: 47 summary: Primary plasma cell leukaemia in a 22-year-old woman: A case report In This Case Studies... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Ethical considerations    • Potential benefits and hazards    • Recruitment procedures    • Informed consent    • Data protection • Case presentation • Management and outcome • Discussion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Introduction: Primary plasma cell leukemia: keywords: aberrations; africa; age; article; authors; blood; case; cell; cell leukemia; chromosome; clinical; complex; consent; cytogenetic; data; deletion; diagnosis; features; figure; investigations; johannesburg; laboratory; lesions; leukemia; magnification; marrow; multiple; myeloma; old; patient; pcl; peripheral; plasma; plasma cell; pmid; presentation; primary; rare; report; south; staining; study; survival; symptoms; table; therapy; treatment; university; witwatersrand; woman; years cache: ajlm-289.htm plain text: ajlm-289.txt item: #193 of 366 id: ajlm-297 author: None title: None date: None words: 5508 flesch: 52 summary: Clinical significance of RBC alloantibodies and autoantibodies in sickle cell patients who received transfusions. Four of these six were SCD patients (2.9%) who had specific RBC alloantibodies (anti-Cw, anti-M, anti-Cob, anti-S); amongst HM patients one had anti-K and one had anti-Lea. keywords: aged; alloab; alloand; alloantibodies; allogeneic; alloimmunisation; anti; antibody; antigens; article; authors; blood; blood cell; cancer; cancer patients; ccd.ee; cell; children; clinical; dat; data; disease; donors; eluate; events; formation; frequency; group; hannover; healthy; hospital; immune; kell; kenya; kenyatta; knh; laboratory; low; malignancies; mean; medical; n =; nairobi; national; non; number; patients; phenotypes; plasma; positive; prevalence; rate; rbc; rbcs; red; red cell; results; rhesus; samples; scd; scd patients; screening; sex; sickle; sickle cell; significant; specificities; studies; study; system; table; testing; transfusion; units; university; years cache: ajlm-297.htm plain text: ajlm-297.txt item: #194 of 366 id: ajlm-3 author: None title: ajlm-3 date: None words: 4713 flesch: 36 summary: However, non-clinical laboratory quality documents were also included to provide perspective by showing their differences when compared with clinical laboratory quality documents (explaining why they should not be used by clinical laboratories). Clinical quality documents In general, customers play an important role in clinical laboratory quality documents. keywords: accreditation; amsterdam; analysis; available; clia; clinical; clinical laboratory; clinical quality; clsi; countries; customer; development; different; documents; fda; focused; framework; glp; gp26; guideline; health; homepage; improvement; information; institute; international; internet; iso; jci; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory quality; management; need; non; nov; oecd; organization; practice; process; qms; quality; quality documents; regulations; requirements; safety; standard; study; system; table; usa; use cache: ajlm-3.htm plain text: ajlm-3.txt item: #195 of 366 id: ajlm-31 author: None title: ajlm-31 date: None words: 5344 flesch: 51 summary: A.T. (ICAP, Columbia University), B.H. (ICAP, Columbia University), A.R. (CDC Atlanta) and B.T. (EHNRI) validated DBS technology for EID at EHNRI HIV reference laboratory. HIV prevalence is estimated at 2.1%.26 There are an estimated 64 813 children under the age of 14 years living with HIV and/or AIDS, 75 420 HIV positive pregnant women per year with an estimated 14 138 new infections occurring in children annually.26 The decentralisation of DNA PCR laboratories for EID was envisaged for six different sites to cover a greater geographic population. keywords: ababa; access; adama; addis; aids; april; art; assessment; authors; available; bahir; blood; care; cdc; children; columbia; country; dar; days; dbs; decentralisation; diagnosis; dna; dna pcr; early; ehnri; eid; ethiopia; expansion; facilities; figure; harar; hawassa; health; hiv; hiv-1; icap; implementation; increase; infants; infected; infection; laboratories; laboratory; limited; national; new; number; pcr; plan; positive; postal; prevention; program; quality; reference; referral; regional; regions; resource; results; samples; scale; services; settings; sites; specimens; system; technologists; testing; time; total; training; transmission; treatment; turn; university cache: ajlm-31.htm plain text: ajlm-31.txt item: #196 of 366 id: ajlm-313 author: None title: ajlm-313 date: None words: 3595 flesch: 43 summary: Samples were selected to cover a wide range of white cell counts and were included only if the patient had an HIV test result available in the laboratory information system (LIS) (DisaLab Version 04.16.04.373, Laboratory System Technologies, Boksburg, Gauteng, South Africa). Authors’ contributions J.L.V. (University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Services) was responsible for peripheral smear and DM96 analysis, data analysis and writing the paper. keywords: abnormal; academic; accuracy; africa; analysis; baragwanath; basophils; blood; cellavision; cells; chris; correlation; count; data; department; dm96; dwcc; eosinophils; haematology; hani; health; high; hiv; hospital; infection; johannesburg; laboratory; malignant; manual; misclassification; misclassified; national; neutrophils; number; patients; performance; peripheral; positive; present; prevalence; results; samples; services; smear; south; south africa; study; system; table; time; white cache: ajlm-313.htm plain text: ajlm-313.txt item: #197 of 366 id: ajlm-318 author: None title: ajlm-318 date: None words: 4773 flesch: 49 summary: Other outcomes included the proportion of laboratory tests performed with documented NHS referral sources amongst all tests, including tests with and without referral sources. Site-level variables Programmatic information was used to provide contextual information about included laboratories. Objectives: We aimed to describe the number and proportion of laboratory tests performed in 2009 and 2011 for patients referred from HIV and non-HIV services (NHSs) in a convenience sample collected from 127 laboratories supported by PEPFAR in Tanzania. keywords: aids; analysis; available; care; centers; chemistry; columbia; control; data; disease; facility; general; haematology; health; hiv; icap; information; laboratories; laboratory; national; new; new york; nhss; non; number; odds; patients; pepfar; population; prevention; proportion; referral; registers; sample; services; source; states; study; syphilis; systems; table; tanzania; testing; tests; tuberculosis; type; united; university; unknown; year; york cache: ajlm-318.htm plain text: ajlm-318.txt item: #198 of 366 id: ajlm-325 author: None title: None date: None words: 2413 flesch: 47 summary: Quality manual For the quality manual, the 2007 version (subsection 4.2.4) proposed a plan in 23 points; the 2012 version focuses on describing six key points in a laboratory quality manual (subparagraph 4.2.2.2): the quality policy, a description of the scope of the QMS, the organisation and the structure of the laboratory, the roles and responsibilities of laboratory management, the description of the document management system and the policies established for the QMS, with reference to the activities that support them. Launched by the World Health Organization's Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO) and partners, the Stepwise Laboratory Quality Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) and Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) programmes have emerged in recent years in Africa to support laboratories in the implementation of quality processes.2,3,4,5 As with any other quality system, ISO standards evolve and are revised periodically. keywords: accreditation; african; approach; article; changes; concept; control; goal; information; internationale; iso; laboratories; laboratory; management; manual; medical; new; normalisation; organisation; pages; plans; process; processes; qms; quality; requirements; risk; saharan; section; standard; sub; system; version; édition cache: ajlm-325.htm plain text: ajlm-325.txt item: #199 of 366 id: ajlm-339 author: None title: ajlm-339 date: None words: 3354 flesch: 41 summary: Approximately 47% of expenditure was for laboratory tests that were indicated in the algorithmic management of patients on antiretroviral treatment. The NHLS is reimbursed by the Provincial Departments of Health on a fee-for-service billing arrangement.2 Through this payment mechanism, laboratory tests are itemised as tariff codes on an invoice, for example, tariff code 2210 denotes the haemoglobin test. keywords: 2013/2014; africa; analysis; care; clinical; codes; cost; count; data; demand; department; diagnostic; districts; ell; example; expenditures; facilities; health; healthcare; hiv; inappropriate; increase; information; insurance; introduction; laboratory; laboratory tests; level; management; national; nhls; non; patients; phc; pilot; potential; primary; public; request; savings; service; south; study; system; table; tariff; tests; total; tuberculosis; volume cache: ajlm-339.htm plain text: ajlm-339.txt item: #200 of 366 id: ajlm-346 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2015-07-31 words: 382 flesch: 36 summary: AJLM African Journal of Laboratory Medicine In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for The African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on www. ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. It is good practice as reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine. keywords: +27; access; african; ajlmonline.org; contact; details; interest; john; journal; laboratory; linda; medicine; reviewer; user; website cache: ajlm-346.pdf plain text: ajlm-346.txt item: #201 of 366 id: ajlm-347 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2015-07-31 words: 475 flesch: 28 summary: Chantal Parkins submissions@ajlmonline. org Tel: +27 (0)21 975 2602 Fax: +27 (0)21 975 4635 159 Michael Aidoo Heather Alexander Jemal Ali Lawrence Barker Kapila Bhowan Walter R. Campos Georges Dahourou Tjeerd Datema Linda de Gouveia Stephania Koblavi Deme Dennis Ellenberger Paula Fernandes Fengxiang Gao Sheba Gitta Edward Kamau Sam Kariuki Luc Kestens Samoel Khamadi Paul Klatser Keith P. Klugman Jesse Kwiek William Lali Segundo R. Leon Henry S. Limula Christophe Longuet Naomi Maina Barbara Marston Sharon Martin Charles G. Massambu Seema Meloni Ahmed Mohamed Jane Mwangi Fredrick N. Nindo John N. Nkengasong Atunga Nyachieo Jack Nyamongo Beldinah R. Ochola Olumide Ogundahuns Debola Olayinka Pascale Ondoa Eric Opiyo Linda Oskam Chin-Yih Ou Helen Perry Polyxeni Potter Miguel E. Quiñones-Mateu Milijaona Radrianarivelojosia Zilma Rey Jean Louis Sankale Tom Shinnick Gajendran Sivakumar John Sorkin Sanon Souleymane Andrew Thaiyah David Turgeon Musau WaKabongo Diane Waku Larry Westerman Burton W. Wilcke Patty Wilkins Volume 2, Number 1 Volume 3, Number 1 Aaron O. Aboderin Michael Aidoo Umubieyi Alaine Amal Alla William Ampofo Linda de Gouveia Stephania K. Deme Alpha Diallo Dennis Ellenberger Ifeoma Enweani Nwadiuto E. Esiobu Jessie N. Githanga Esther De Gourville Jean M. Heraud John Kagira Edward Kamau Phyllis Kanki Reba Kanungo Samoel Khamadi Segundo R. Leon Henry S. Limula John F. Nahabedian Jack Nyamongo Bryan Nyary Beldinah R. Ochola Brenda Okech Eric Opiyo Wellington Oyibo Julius Oyugi Milijaona Radrianarivelojosia Zilma Rey Abdoulaye Sarr Ritu Shrivastava Andrew Thaiyah John Thuita Musau WaKabongo Larry Westerman AJLM African Journal of Laboratory Medicine In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on www. ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: +27; access; african; ajlmonline.org; details; gouveia; issue; john; journal; laboratory; larry; linda; medicine; michael; musau; reviewer; user; wakabongo; website; westerman cache: ajlm-347.pdf plain text: ajlm-347.txt item: #202 of 366 id: ajlm-348 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2015-07-31 words: 493 flesch: 42 summary: AJLM African Journal of Laboratory Medicine In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on www. ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.ajlmonline.org Page 1 of 1 We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of those who provided scientific and logistical support for this special issue of the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine: Should names have inadvertently been excluded from this list, the publisher apologises and undertakes to amend the exclusion in the next issue. keywords: +27; access; african; ajlmonline.org; centers; chantal; control; details; disease; george; interest; issue; journal; laboratory; medicine; parkins; prevention; reviewer; user; website cache: ajlm-348.pdf plain text: ajlm-348.txt item: #203 of 366 id: ajlm-349 author: None title: ajlm-349 date: None words: 4702 flesch: 51 summary: Rates of specimen rejection vary considerably and there is a paucity of data describing the frequency of each specimen quality issue.15,16 Data such as specimen quality should be analysed in order to review the performance of HIV-1 PCR testing in the field and to standardise DBS specimen collection methods, storage and testing.14 The objectives of this study were to analyse DOV laboratory data to describe trends in DBS specimen quality, particularly relating to specimens with insufficient volume. keywords: africa; albert; analysis; analytical; antiretroviral; blood; cap; care; central; child; ctm; data; database; dbs; department; detection; diagnosis; dov; early; facilities; health; hiv; hiv-1; hospital; infants; inkosi; insufficient; kwazulu; laboratory; luthuli; method; mother; natal; national; number; pcr; pmid; positive; pre; preparation; prevention; problems; processing; province; pubmed; quality; rejections; results; routine; service; south; south africa; specimen; spot; spot method; standard; study; testing; therapy; transmission; tube; university; use; validation; virology; volume cache: ajlm-349.htm plain text: ajlm-349.txt item: #204 of 366 id: ajlm-363 author: None title: ajlm-363 date: None words: 6985 flesch: 47 summary: Ebola: call for blood transfusion safety in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, patients in low- and middle-income countries are at higher risk for transmission of infection through blood transfusion than patients in high-income countries.3,4,5 Whilst improvements have been made in the past, a high residual risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) remains because of viruses, bacteria, protozoa and residual contaminating leukocytes, despite decades of blood safety programmes.3,4,5,6,7,8 Finally, whereas in high-income countries almost all blood is fractionated into plasma, platelets and red blood cells (RBCs),9,10 in sub-Saharan Africa, approximately two million of the three million units per year are still transfused as whole blood.9,10 Where they are componentised, the primary requirement is for RBCs, followed by plasma.9,10 In 2010, only 31.5% of blood centres in the WHO’s African Region prepared blood components.9,10 Blood safety in sub-Saharan Africa In recent years, there has been a vast improvement in the organisation, management, clinical and technical aspects of transfusion services in sub-Saharan Africa,9,10,11 although serious concerns remain with regard to the safety and adequacy of the blood supply. keywords: acid; acridine; adequacy; adequate; africa; available; blood; blood safety; blood supply; blood transfusion; brazzaville; cameroon; cell; cerus; challenges; children; clinical; components; concentrates; countries; current; development; disease; donations; donor; effector; et al; evaluation; family; figure; findings; glutathione; goals; health; hepatitis; high; hiv; hospital; inactivation; income; income countries; july; key; levels; literature; london; low; lowand; malaria; med; medicine; methods; middle; mirasol; mirasol prt; mustard; need; new; nkohkwo; nucleic; organization; pathogen; pathogen reduction; patients; plasma; platelets; platform; potential; products; prt; prt system; quality; quinacrine; rbcs; reduction; region; regional; report; residual; results; review; riboflavin; risk; s-303; safer; safety; saharan; saharan africa; sciences; screening; services; sickle; society; structure; study; sub; supply; system; tagny; technology; testing; toxicological; transfusion; treatment; trial; ttis; united; units; university; use; virus; vitamin; world; yaoundé; year cache: ajlm-363.htm plain text: ajlm-363.txt item: #205 of 366 id: ajlm-368 author: None title: ajlm-368 date: None words: 6557 flesch: 44 summary: Boaretti et al.38 established that lack of RpoS resulted in diminished ability of E. coli cells to remain in a VBNC state for long periods of time, which led to more rapid cell death. The analysis of the outer membrane subproteomes in VBNC E. coli was studied by Muela et al.,32 who discovered sets of proteins that were modulated during VBNC induction. keywords: acid; activity; africa; authors; bacteria; cause; cells; cellular; certain; changes; coli; colony; commensal; composition; conditions; culturability; culturable; culturable state; death; decrease; detection; e. coli; ecol; ehec; environmental; envz; escherichia; escherichia coli; essential; et al; exposure; expression; factors; faculty; fatty; fems; fluidity; food; general; growth; health; high; host; human; hydrogen; induction; johannesburg; levels; low; mechanisms; media; medium; membrane; metabolic; methods; microbiol; non; nonculturable; number; o157; outer; pathogenic; peroxide; population; possible; potential; pressure; proteins; public; recovery; repair; resistance; response; results; resuscitation; review; rna; rpos; sciences; seawater; secretion; significant; south; species; specific; state; strains; stress; stresses; studies; stx; survival; table; tested; time; toxins; treatment; university; vbnc; vbnc cells; vbnc state; viable; virulence; water cache: ajlm-368.htm plain text: ajlm-368.txt item: #206 of 366 id: ajlm-381 author: None title: ajlm-381 date: None words: 4506 flesch: 44 summary: Evaluating laboratory request forms submitted to haematology and blood transfusion departments at a hospital in Northwest Nigeria. Laboratory testing is an essential part of the clinical decision-making process, because it provides the majority of critical information required for making timely and informed decisions for patient care.1 Relationships with laboratories and utilisation of laboratory services by physicians and other stakeholders in the healthcare system occur mainly through the use of laboratory request forms (LRFs) for two-way communication. keywords: age; aminu; analytical; blood; bts; bts forms; care; clin; clinical; collection; communication; completeness; completion; consultant; data; department; design; details; dh forms; errors; findings; forms; haematology; health; hospital; ife; ile; impact; incomplete; information; international; kano; kano teaching; laboratory; lrfs; manuscript; mbah; med; missing; nigeria; number; patient; phase; physician; pre; quality; request; request forms; research; results; services; sex; signature; specimen; study; table; teaching; test; transfusion; work; writing cache: ajlm-381.htm plain text: ajlm-381.txt item: #207 of 366 id: ajlm-383 author: None title: ajlm-383 date: None words: 3382 flesch: 47 summary: Boum Y, Orikiriza P, Rojas-Ponce G, et al. Use of colorimetric culture methods for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from sputum samples in resource-limited settings. MPT 64 Antigen detection for rapid confirmation of M. tuberculosis isolates. keywords: acid; afb; assay; bioline; capilia; clinical; complex; confirmation; cultures; d.n; data; detection; epicentre; evaluation; geneva; gold; growth; health; high; hiv; identification; iqr; isolates; laboratory; mbarara; methods; mgit; mpt64; mpt64 assay; mycobacterium; negative; neo; ntm; p.o; patients; performance; pnb; positive; rapid; research; results; samples; sd mpt64; sensitivity; specificity; standard; study; test; time; tuberculosis; tuberculosis complex; uganda; use; world cache: ajlm-383.htm plain text: ajlm-383.txt item: #208 of 366 id: ajlm-39 author: None title: ajlm-39 date: None words: 4341 flesch: 42 summary: PT panel testing results Within the 30-day deadline, participating laboratories returned results of the PT panels to the coordinators of the REQAS via email, fax or regular postage. Hence a maximum score of 20 was attainable if participating laboratories results were 100% concordant with the expected results per distribution. keywords: african; algorithm; anti; assays; assessment; authors; batch; batches; characterised; communicable; control; coordinators; data; discordant; diseases; external; figure; health; hiv; institute; iqc; kits; laboratories; laboratory; national; negative; non; organization; panel; participation; period; positive; pt panel; public; quality; rapid; region; regional; reqas; results; routine; samples; scheme; score; sero; serology; serum; services; south; specimens; subtype; support; survey; testing; tests; world cache: ajlm-39.htm plain text: ajlm-39.txt item: #209 of 366 id: ajlm-4 author: None title: ajlm-4 date: None words: 3505 flesch: 52 summary: The performance of the fourth generation HIV DC RT in diagnosing HIV infection status antenatally and in the early post-partum period in comparison to the third generation HIV RT in routine use at public healthcare facilities in Gauteng, South Africa was assessed. However, where the third generation and DC HIV Ab RT results were discordant, samples were referred for confirmatory fourth generation ELISA (ARCHITECHT® HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay; Abbott Diagnostics; Wiesbaden, Germany). keywords: africa; antenatal; authors; blood; combo; component; dc rt; detection; early; elisa; fourth; generation; health; hiv; infection; johannesburg; laboratory; maternal; negative; p24ag; participants; partum; period; plasma; pmtct; positive; post; prevalence; rapid; results; rmmch; samples; sensitivity; south; specificity; status; study; test; testing; transmission; viral; women cache: ajlm-4.htm plain text: ajlm-4.txt item: #210 of 366 id: ajlm-404 author: None title: ajlm-404 date: None words: 4601 flesch: 47 summary: ranges.17 Recently, reference value studies among women and/or men in different countries in sub-Saharan Africa have been conducted.6,16,17,18,19 Table 6 summarises CRRs established in African countries compared with our final revised CRR. Laboratory reference values for healthy adults from Southern Tanzania. keywords: adjustment; africa; alt; aminotransferase; ast; carolina; chemistry; clinical; clsi; creatinine; crrs; durham; epub; existing; fem; fhi; final; good; grade; guidelines; healthy; higher; hiv; impact; initial; institute; kenya; laboratories; laboratory; limits; manufacturer; mean; med; method; north; number; participants; phosphorus; plos; population; practice; prep; pretoria; ranges; reference; results; revised; safety; saharan; samples; serum; sigma; site; south; specific; states; studies; study; sub; table; tdf; toxicities; toxicity; trial; united; use; values; verification; women cache: ajlm-404.htm plain text: ajlm-404.txt item: #211 of 366 id: ajlm-41 author: None title: ajlm-41 date: None words: 3430 flesch: 49 summary: In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Research method and design    • Detection of virulence factors from environmental and clinical V. cholerae    • Amplification • Results    • Isolation of V. cholerae from environmental sources    • Detection of virulence genes from environmental and clinical V. cholerae isolates • Ethical considerations    • Potential benefits and hazards • Trustworthiness    • Reliability    • Validity • Discussion    • Isolation of environmental V. cholerae from Western and Coastal regions of Kenya    • Prevalence of virulence factors in environmental and clinical isolates of V. cholerae • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Conflicting interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: Since 1971, Kenya has had repeated cholera outbreaks. Conclusion: The study sites, including landing bays and beaches, contained environmental V. cholerae, suggesting that these may be reservoirs for frequent epidemics. keywords: authors; chain; cholerae; classical; clinical; coastal; ctxa; day; detection; environmental; environmental strains; epidemics; expression; factors; genes; genetic; haemolysin; health; heat; hyla; isolates; isolation; kemri; kenya; microbiol; ompu; outbreaks; pcr; polymerase; positive; primers; reaction; region; research; reservoirs; results; samples; sources; specific; strains; study; table; tcpa; tcpi; toxin; toxr; vibrio; vibrio cholerae; virulence; water; western; zot cache: ajlm-41.htm plain text: ajlm-41.txt item: #212 of 366 id: ajlm-411 author: None title: ajlm-411 date: None words: 4829 flesch: 41 summary: The number of positive blood cultures from the same patient, patient name, patient clinical diagnosis or antibiotic received by patient with positive blood culture were not used as exclusion criteria. Evaluation of the BioFire® FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification Panel on positive blood cultures in a regional hospital laboratory in KwaZulu-Natal. keywords: africa; agar; analysis; antibiotic; antimicrobial; api; atcc; bcid; blaschke; blood; blood cultures; bottles; clinical; combination; combination methods; controls; cultures; detection; diagnostics; durban; enterococcus; epub; evaluation; external; filmarray; gram; hospital; hours; identification; infect; instrument; kit; kwazulu; laboratory; methods; microbiol; minimum; natal; negative; number; organisms; panel; performance; positive; positive blood; recovered; repertoire; report; resistance; results; run; south; spp; staphylococcus; states; strains; study; susceptibility; system; table; time; type; united; yeasts cache: ajlm-411.htm plain text: ajlm-411.txt item: #213 of 366 id: ajlm-420 author: None title: ajlm-420 date: None words: 2979 flesch: 50 summary: Innovative and affordable approaches, such as tuberculosis detection rats that offer high sample throughput, could be a solution to successfully tackle tuberculosis burden in these areas and would be in line with the Zero TB Cities Project which focuses on finding the ‘how’ for tackling infectious diseases with local tools in local contexts, while not lowering standards (http://www.advanceaccessanddelivery.org/). Training tuberculosis detection rats takes an average of nine months, but they have a working lifespan of up to seven years. keywords: african; apopo; burden; care; case; central; cost; countries; detection; diagnostic; et al; geneva; health; high; hiv; lancet; large; low; mgode; microscopy; mtb; negative; new; organization; patients; pmid; positive; pubmed; rapid; rats; research; results; rif; samples; screening; settings; smear; solution; sputum; switzerland; tanzania; technology; test; throughput; treatment; tuberculosis; university; weetjens; world; xpert; xpert mtb cache: ajlm-420.htm plain text: ajlm-420.txt item: #214 of 366 id: ajlm-426 author: None title: ajlm-426 date: None words: 2810 flesch: 52 summary: The gradual decrease in leprosy prevalence rates shows that Rwanda has reached the WHO target of leprosy elimination as it was defined in 1991.15 Studies conducted elsewhere, such as in Togo, Lome, where a similar retrospective analysis was conducted from January 1990 to December 2005, found similar decreases in leprosy prevalence trends, with prevalence and CDR dropping remarkably from 1990 to 2005.16 In our analysis, leprosy case detection and the prevalence rates dropped noticeably over an eight-year period, from 0.015 per 10 000 population in 2003 to 0.003 per 10 000 population in 2010, and from 1995 to 2011 the CDR did not exceed one per 10 000 inhabitants. Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data. keywords: analysis; biomedical; cases; cdr; centre; control; countries; data; detection; disease; division; elimination; figure; global; health; index; inhabitants; kigali; laboratory; leprae; leprosy; national; national reference; new; patients; period; population; prevalence; rate; reference; reference laboratory; region; review; rwanda; rwanda biomedical; services; study; target; trends; world; year cache: ajlm-426.htm plain text: ajlm-426.txt item: #215 of 366 id: ajlm-429 author: None title: ajlm-429 date: None words: 2444 flesch: 48 summary: Recently-developed type-specific HSV antibody tests are based on the detection of antibodies to glycoprotein G1 (gG1), a marker for HSV-1 infection, and glycoprotein G2 (gG2), a marker for HSV-2 infection.8,9 Validation of DBS for immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based tests has been conducted using HSV-1-positive antibody samples from 22 healthy volunteers.10 Hogrefe, Ernst and Su reported that testing data using a single dilution of DBS eluates (1:4) with the HSV type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method were similar to those of sera diluted to 1:101 using the standard HerpeSelect® ELISA (Focus Diagnostics, California, United States).10 The efficiency of using IgG eluted from DBS samples was found to be consistent with measurements of IgG concentrations in most corresponding serum samples. In a household survey conducted in 2010, sexual behavior data and DBS specimens were collected from young women aged 18–24 years in Kampala.11 When a 1:4 dilution was applied to our first 277 DBS specimens, the estimated HSV-2 prevalence was 2%. keywords: antibodies; assay; blood; dbs; dilution; elisa; enzyme; herpes; herpeselect; highest; hiv; hsv-2; hsv2; igg; kalon; laboratory; mensch; non; paper; performance; plasma; population; prevalence; reactive; results; samples; sensitivity; simplex; specificity; specimens; spots; study; survey; testing; type; uganda; uhsbs; united; virus; women; years; young cache: ajlm-429.htm plain text: ajlm-429.txt item: #216 of 366 id: ajlm-431 author: None title: ajlm-431 date: None words: 2837 flesch: 32 summary: The specific administrative structures of public health laboratories within Ministries of Health differ among countries in Africa. Several elements of each component are listed for integration to achieve the goal of public health laboratories. keywords: africa; agenda; available; capacity; control; coordination; countries; country; disease; ebola; framework; global; health; idsr; ihr; implementation; institutes; institutions; integration; international; internet; laboratories; laboratory; lack; level; national; need; networks; new; organization; public; public health; rapid; regional; regulations; research; response; schema; security; services; strategy; structures; sub; support; surveillance; systems; technical; virus; west; world cache: ajlm-431.htm plain text: ajlm-431.txt item: #217 of 366 id: ajlm-432 author: None title: ajlm-432 date: None words: 3606 flesch: 39 summary: A situational analysis of antimicrobial drug resistance in Africa: are we losing the battle? A review of antimicrobial resistance in East Africa. keywords: africa; ampicillin; amr; antibiotic; antimicrobial; appropriate; articles; aureus; available; bacterial; bloodstream; burden; ceftriaxone; clinical; common; countries; data; drug; east; east africa; empirical; ethiopia; gentamicin; global; gram; health; high; hospital; infections; isolates; laboratory; levels; limited; low; manuscript; mbarara; negative; non; organisms; patients; patterns; prevalence; quality; region; research; resistance; resource; review; sci; settings; spp; standards; staphylococcus; studies; surveillance; susceptibility; table; tract; uganda; university; urinary; use; world cache: ajlm-432.htm plain text: ajlm-432.txt item: #218 of 366 id: ajlm-433 author: None title: ajlm-433 date: None words: 5469 flesch: 44 summary: Moreover, in settings where access to HIV testing is prohibitive due to stigma, a combined diagnostics method could lessen stigmatisation and increase access to testing.28,29 Recommendations Operationally, the DPP HIV-Syphilis Assay, considered to be a rapid test, requires a pre-dilution step, use of second buffer and multiple steps, which may add some level of complexity for providers with limited laboratory expertise. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.017 Campbell S, Fedoriw Y. HIV testing near the patient: changing the face of HIV testing. keywords: aids; algorithms; analysis; assay; atlanta; branch; care; center; characterised; characteristics; chembio; child; control; cost; countries; detection; device; disease; division; dpp; dpp hiv; dual; evaluation; false; georgia; global; guidelines; health; high; hiv; hiv testing; important; individuals; infections; international; interpretation; laboratory; limited; lot; med; national; negative; operational; panel; performance; point; positive; prevention; programmes; public; rapid; rdts; reference; research; results; rls; samples; screening; sensitivity; sera; serum; services; settings; single; specificity; specimens; states; std; study; syphilis; syphilis assay; table; testing; tests; time; training; transmission; treatment; tuberculosis; united; united states; uptake; use; world cache: ajlm-433.htm plain text: ajlm-433.txt item: #219 of 366 id: ajlm-436 author: None title: ajlm-436 date: None words: 3403 flesch: 41 summary: FIGURE 1: GIS map of testing laboratories implemented by the National Priority Program throughout South Africa. Conclusion If POC testing is expected to improve and support diagnostic and clinical services in South Africa, the laboratory needs to play a major role in ensuring success of the programme through a POC quality assurance framework, much the same as for laboratory testing. keywords: africa; assurance; available; care; cd4; cobas; country; current; delivery; department; diagnostic; eid; eqa; figure; genexpert; gous; health; high; hiv; implementation; integrated; internet; iso; johannesburg; laboratories; laboratory; load; management; model; monitoring; mtb; national; ndoh; nhls; poc; point; population; priority; programme; public; quality; remote; rif; service; sites; south; south africa; support; system; testing; tests; tiered; tuberculosis; viral cache: ajlm-436.htm plain text: ajlm-436.txt item: #220 of 366 id: ajlm-439 author: None title: ajlm-439 date: None words: 2967 flesch: 52 summary: Nearby satellite sites are now redirecting their samples to Pima POC testing sites. At POC testing sites, 71.5% of patients received same day results, while post-implementation assessments have shown a reduction in time to initiation on antiretroviral therapy from two months8 to 27.5 days at POC testing sites.6 keywords: access; aids; antiretroviral; assurance; available; care; cd4; country; devices; eid; end; eqa; errors; evaluation; figure; health; hiv; implementation; kenya; laboratories; laboratory; lessons; load; medical; ministry; national; number; panels; partners; pima; poc; point; programme; public; quality; reporting; services; sites; super; support; testing; tests; therapy; total; training; treatment; users; viral cache: ajlm-439.htm plain text: ajlm-439.txt item: #221 of 366 id: ajlm-440 author: None title: ajlm-440 date: None words: 2294 flesch: 43 summary: Costing and cost-effectiveness of HIV POC testing With regard to the 90-90-90 goals, the affordability of viral load testing and CD4 count measures is a key factor in plans to expand HIV laboratory services and scaling antiretroviral therapy across Senegal. AFRIQUALAB aims to improve laboratory quality in Africa through regular organisation and distribution of proficiency testing panels across the African continent, including in francophone countries. keywords: aids; anta; assurance; bacteriology; cadu; cd4; cheikh; chu; control; count; country; dakar; dantec; diop; eid; eqa; health; hiv; laboratories; laboratory; lbv; level; load; ministry; national; poc; population; proficiency; programme; quality; senegal; specimens; system; testing; university; viral; virology cache: ajlm-440.htm plain text: ajlm-440.txt item: #222 of 366 id: ajlm-442 author: None title: ajlm-442 date: None words: 4279 flesch: 39 summary: This led to a demonstrable improvement in CD4 testing quality and illustrates how country-specific training significantly improved CD4 enumeration performance for better clinical management of HIV care in India. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.b.20487 Ding T, Bergeron M, Seely P, et al. Compatibility of stabilized whole blood products with CD4 technologies and their suitability for quality assessment programs. keywords: agency; aids; assessment; canada; cd4; cell; centre; controls; count; country; data; department; development; diseases research; enumeration; eqa; global; health; hiv; implementation; independent; india; infectious diseases; initiative; jc wilt; june; laboratories; laboratory; level; low; management; microbiology; mid; naco; nari; national; participants; performance; post; programme; public; qasi; quality; research; results; retrovirology; sessions; specific; surveys; technology; testing; training; transfer; university; variation; wilt infectious; winnipeg; workshop cache: ajlm-442.htm plain text: ajlm-442.txt item: #223 of 366 id: ajlm-445 author: None title: ajlm-445 date: None words: 1959 flesch: 42 summary: For example, training of lay counsellors for HIV testing and of nurses for POC CD4 testing has required the establishment of specific training packages and appropriate supervision checklists. HIV testing is performed in laboratories and at the POC within several departments of health facilities by using a serial algorithm of two rapid tests to detect antibodies against HIV. keywords: activities; assays; assessment; assurance; capacity; care; cd4; country; eqa; external; facilities; health; hiv; implementation; institute; laboratories; laboratory; maputo; medical; ministry; mozambique; national; national institute; network; panels; poc; point; proficiency; programme; public; quality; sites; sitoe; slmta; system; testing cache: ajlm-445.htm plain text: ajlm-445.txt item: #224 of 366 id: ajlm-447 author: None title: ajlm-447 date: None words: 2410 flesch: 41 summary: As Uganda scales up the new World Health Organization/UNAIDS 90-90-90 strategy,6 there has been a steep rise in the number of people in need of HIV testing and viral load monitoring across the country. Meeting these targets will require innovative ways of developing laboratory systems, including scaling up of point-of-care (POC) tests for HIV testing, diagnosis of opportunistic infections and monitoring response to treatment or disease progression. keywords: access; antiretroviral; assurance; care; cd4; central; country; eqa; external; figure; framework; guidelines; health; hiv; improvement; institute; kampala; laboratories; laboratory; level; load; ministry; monitoring; national; new; organization; plan; poc; point; policy; programme; public; quality; quality assurance; related; services; support; system; testing; tests; therapy; uganda; unaids; viral; world cache: ajlm-447.htm plain text: ajlm-447.txt item: #225 of 366 id: ajlm-448 author: None title: ajlm-448 date: None words: 2297 flesch: 42 summary: National quality assurance programme for HIV A national quality assurance programme for HIV POC testing should provide clear guidance on selection and deployment of test equipment and methods.8 Zimbabwe national guidelines on HIV testing and counselling [document on the Internet]. keywords: access; aids; assurance; available; care; cd4; child; country; critical; delivery; eid; eqa; equipment; figure; funding; harare; health; hiv; important; internet; laboratories; laboratory; load; london; ministry; national; poc; proficiency; programme; quality; results; samples; sep; sites; support; system; testing; viral; zimbabwe; zinqap cache: ajlm-448.htm plain text: ajlm-448.txt item: #226 of 366 id: ajlm-449 author: None title: ajlm-449 date: None words: 2431 flesch: 46 summary: An ‘enforcement’ approach to implementation is unlikely to achieve results.20 Rather, an approach developed through mutual consent and agreement is much more likely to be effective in the long term.20 Conclusion Delivery of high quality POC diagnostic services requires highly competent and dedicated staff. This will help to ensure the quality, reliability and sustainability of POC diagnostic services. keywords: access; approach; appropriate; assurance; bloom; care; clinics; competency; continual; delivery; department; diagnostics; experiential; framework; healthcare; hiv; implementation; laboratory; learning; medicine; need; nursing; patient; phc; poc; poc diagnostics; point; primary; professional; programme; public; quality; reliability; research; resource; retention; rural; services; settings; south; staff; strategy; taxonomy; testing; tests; training; university; users; workers cache: ajlm-449.htm plain text: ajlm-449.txt item: #227 of 366 id: ajlm-45 author: None title: ajlm-45 date: None words: 3552 flesch: 47 summary: Pneumococcal study group in Brazil for the Sireva project. Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. keywords: 19f; 23f; adults; agents; antibiotic; antimicrobial; authors; carriage; cefotaxime; children; chloramphenicol; clin; consent; cotrimoxazole; design; dis; distribution; district; erythromycin; ethical; factors; high; hospital; infections; information; invasive; isolates; kenya; low; med; nasopharyngeal; penicillin; plates; pneumococcal; pneumoniae; prevalence; quellung; rate; reaction; research; resistance; respiratory; results; sample; serotypes; size; strains; streptococcus; streptococcus pneumoniae; study; susceptibility; suspension; swab; testing; tetracycline; thika; treatment; university; use; vaccine; years cache: ajlm-45.htm plain text: ajlm-45.txt item: #228 of 366 id: ajlm-452 author: None title: ajlm-452 date: None words: 2364 flesch: 35 summary: In addition, improving implementation of quality POC testing will include strengthening national capacity for ongoing evaluation and validation of new POC testing technologies by supporting the national product selection advisory group. The national quality assurance programme will focus on implementing a comprehensive quality assurance programme for POC testing services that will include strengthening the laboratory–clinic interface, improving the supply chain system through collaboration with supply agencies, ensuring availability of service agreements for all new equipment and building capacity for in-country proficiency testing production through training on and implementation of the ISO/IEC 17043 standard. keywords: aids; assurance; care; cd4; diagnosis; disease; eqa; ethiopia; evaluation; federal; figure; health; hiv; implementation; institute; international; kebede; laboratories; laboratory; load; ministry; national; people; pima; poc; point; positive; proficiency; programme; public; quality; reference; regional; scheme; services; supply; system; testing; training; tuberculosis; viral cache: ajlm-452.htm plain text: ajlm-452.txt item: #229 of 366 id: ajlm-453 author: None title: ajlm-453 date: None words: 4546 flesch: 41 summary: The underlying purpose of laboratory testing lies in the association between laboratory test results and the potential to improve a patient’s health status. Challenges with laboratory test results The challenges that doctors experienced with laboratory test results (Figure 1) were selected from a list of possible options and rated using the five-point scale. keywords: access; africa; algorithms; availability; available; care; challenges; clinical; clinicians; comments; dedicated; diagnostic; doctors; enablers; errors; figure; guidelines; healthcare; important; information; interpretation; interpretive; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory test; med; medical; november; number; october; open; patient; phone; potential; practice; previous; primary; questionnaire; rates; reported; research; respondents; response; results; rural; south; specific; study; survey; system; technology; test; test results; testing; time; uncertainty; urban; useful; utilisation cache: ajlm-453.htm plain text: ajlm-453.txt item: #230 of 366 id: ajlm-455 author: None title: ajlm-455 date: None words: 2664 flesch: 34 summary: HIV situation in Nigeria Laboratory infrastructure and HIV-related testing in Nigeria Quality assurance framework and policy for HIV laboratory and point-of-care testing Quality assurance framework for HIV early infant diagnosis and viral load Existing quality assurance programmes Lessons learnt Conclusion and way forward Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Quality assurance framework and policy for HIV laboratory and point-of-care testing The national EQA framework in Nigeria is conducted through a centralised system, adopting last-mile distribution through a courier company (Figure 2). keywords: abuja; accreditation; aids; assessment; assurance; available; care; cbd; cd4; center; country; eid; eqa; external; figure; government; health; herbert macaulay; hiv; human; human virology; institute; laboratories; laboratory; load; macaulay way; maina court; national; nigeria; pepfar; plateau; plot; prevalence; proficiency; programme; quality; rapid; state; support; testing; viral; virology; way; way cbd cache: ajlm-455.htm plain text: ajlm-455.txt item: #231 of 366 id: ajlm-460 author: None title: ajlm-460 date: None words: 7636 flesch: 41 summary: The PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium® (Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, San Antonio, Texas, United States) inactivates organisms, preserves nucleic acids for molecular detection, and has been shown to enhance tuberculosis detection by Xpert MTB/RIF significantly in samples with low volume and/or bacterial load. Xpert® MTB/RIF assay for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults. keywords: africa; aids; assay; assessment; atlanta; available; benefit; burden; c2015; capacity; care; cascade; case; centers; cepheid; challenges; clinical; clinicians; collection; community; control; cost; countries; critical; culture; data; detection; development; diagnostic; dis; disease; division; document; drug; early; efforts; et al; external; finding; genexpert; georgia; global; guidelines; health; high; hiv; impact; implementation; improved; infect; initial; internet; investments; jun; laboratory; lancet; limited; load; low; lung; management; mdr; med; microscopy; molecular; monitoring; mtb; national; negative; new; opportunity; organization; page; patients; people; plan; plos; poc; point; positive; potential; prevention; programmatic; programmes; quality; randomised; rapid; reporting; resource; results; rif; rif testing; scale; screening; sensitivity; settings; smear; south; specimen; sputum; staff; states; strengthening; study; successful; support; systems; technology; testing; therapy; time; transport; treatment; trial; tuberculosis; tuberculosis case; tuberculosis diagnosis; united; use; world; xpert; xpert mtb cache: ajlm-460.htm plain text: ajlm-460.txt item: #232 of 366 id: ajlm-463 author: None title: ajlm-463 date: None words: 5491 flesch: 47 summary: Findings from this study emphasise the need for a national representation of sputum specimens from tuberculosis-infected patients to assess the magnitude of tuberculosis rpoB gene mutations that are responsible for rifampicin resistance in Malawi. Obtaining consent was waived because the study used previously-stored and residual sputum pellets, and consent from patients was given during recruitment and/or this was part of routine testing for tuberculosis drug resistance. keywords: africa; amplification; analysis; assay; available; buffer; cases; clin; codons; department; detection; dna; drug; dst; et al; faculty; gene; haematology; health; hiv; isolates; johannesburg; laboratory; lilongwe; malawi; mdr; med; medicine; mgit; microbiol; minutes; molecular; mtb; mtbdrplus; mutations; mycobacterium; mycobacterium tuberculosis; national; new; north; nucleotide; observed; pathology; patients; pcr; pellets; phenotypic; prevalence; probe; project; region; resistance; resistant tuberculosis; results; rif assay; rifampicin; rpob; rpob gene; rrdr; sample; school; sciences; seconds; sequencing; south; specimens; sputum; states; strains; study; testing; tuberculosis; unc; united; university; use; witwatersrand; xpert; xpert mtb cache: ajlm-463.htm plain text: ajlm-463.txt item: #233 of 366 id: ajlm-464 author: None title: ajlm-464 date: None words: 5722 flesch: 47 summary: Our results are comparable to other studies which have shown that Xpert MTB/RIF increased tuberculosis case detection by almost 31%, despite its low sensitivity with smear-negative samples.20 Another study demonstrated that 89% of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients started second-line treatment when Xpert MTB/RIF was introduced and that the average time to start second-line treatment was reduced from 1 – 1.5 months by culture to one week with Xpert MTB/RIF.23 Performance of Xpert® MTB/RIF among tuberculosis outpatients in Lilongwe, Malawi. keywords: assay; available; carolina; cases; clinical; culture; data; detection; diagnosis; dna; drug; genotype; health; high; hiv; individuals; laboratory; lilongwe; line; malawi; mdr; microscopy; mtb; mtbdrplus; mycobacteria; national; negative; non; north; north carolina; observed; outpatients; overall; patients; pellets; people; performance; plos; pooled; positive; ppv; predictive; prevalence; programme; project; pulmonary; rapid; resistance; results; rif; rif assay; rifampicin; samples; sensitive; sensitivity; smear; specificity; specimens; sputum; states; strains; studies; study; table; test; testing; treatment; tuberculosis; united; university; use; value; witwatersrand; xpert; xpert mtb cache: ajlm-464.htm plain text: ajlm-464.txt item: #234 of 366 id: ajlm-468 author: None title: ajlm-468 date: None words: 3370 flesch: 44 summary: We describe the rapid and safe identification of the first imported case of Ebola virus disease in a traveler to Lagos, Nigeria, using conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a biosafety level (BSL)-2 facility. Case presentation: On 20 July 2014, a traveler arrived from Liberia at Lagos International Airport and was admitted to a private hospital in Lagos, with clinical suspicion of Ebola virus disease. keywords: africa; analysis; available; biosafety; blood; case; center; central; clinical; college; control; dengue; department; diagnosis; disease; ebola; ebolavirus; evd; extraction; facility; fever; figure; gel; gene; germany; health; hospital; infectious; internet; jena; july; laboratory; lagos; lassa; liberia; medical; medicine; microbiology; ministry; molecular; nigeria; outbreak; parasitology; patient; pcr; phylogenetic; polymerase; presentation; research; rna; samples; sequence; specimens; state; surveillance; university; urine; viral; virology; virus; viruses; west; world; zaire cache: ajlm-468.htm plain text: ajlm-468.txt item: #235 of 366 id: ajlm-471 author: None title: ajlm-471 date: None words: 7437 flesch: 34 summary: National laboratory network laboratories should be able to conduct testing to support integrated disease surveillance for at least 10 priority infectious diseases, as described earlier. Abstract History of laboratory networks in Africa The Global Health Security Agenda and National Laboratory Networks keywords: access; accreditation; activities; adequate; africa; agenda; assessment; available; biosafety; biosecurity; capacity; care; clinical; control; core; countries; country; coverage; current; development; director; disease; document; effective; efficient; equipment; external; functional; global; global health; group; health; health laboratory; healthcare; implementation; information; integrated; international; internet; ivd; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory network; laboratory system; leadership; level; management; materials; medical; ministry; national; national health; national laboratory; needs; network; oct; operating; order; organization; patient; place; plan; prevention; priority; procedures; process; programmes; public; public health; quality; reference; referral; regional; requirements; resources; response; results; sector; security; services; specimens; staff; standard; strategic; support; surveillance; system; testing; tests; tiered; working; world cache: ajlm-471.htm plain text: ajlm-471.txt item: #236 of 366 id: ajlm-48 author: None title: ajlm-48 date: None words: 2609 flesch: 31 summary: Navigating laboratory services quality in challenging environments: A perspective for implementation in small, low-income countries and post-conflict settings. Navigating laboratory services quality in challenging environments: A perspective for implementation in small, low-income countries and post-conflict settings In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction    • Background • Rationale for investing in constrained settings • keywords: activities; approach; appropriate; article; assessment; assurance; capacity; challenging; conflict; constrained; control; countries; country; data; development; disease; environments; equipment; health; implementation; improvement; income; information; laboratory; low; management; medical; national; need; organization; process; quality; research; resources; services; settings; specific; standards; system; testing; training; use; work; world cache: ajlm-48.htm plain text: ajlm-48.txt item: #237 of 366 id: ajlm-482 author: None title: ajlm-482 date: None words: 4563 flesch: 31 summary: et al. Investigation of sources of potential bias in laboratory surveillance for anti-microbial resistance. It addresses sampling strategies, human resources, procurement and maintenance issues for AMR testing at routine clinical and national reference and public health laboratories involved in AMR surveillance. keywords: addition; african; amr; amr surveillance; antibiotics; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; approach; aslm; assessment; available; bacterial; capacity; central; clinical; clinicians; control; countries; country; data; development; diagnostic; diseases; document; drug; establishment; european; figure; gap; global; health; human; implementation; infectious; internet; laboratories; laboratory; lack; level; methods; microbiology; national; need; network; oct; order; organization; plan; process; programmes; public; quality; reference; regional; reporting; required; resistance; results; society; standards; stepwise; stewardship; surveillance; susceptibility; system; table; testing; use; world cache: ajlm-482.htm plain text: ajlm-482.txt item: #238 of 366 id: ajlm-484 author: None title: ajlm-484 date: None words: 4509 flesch: 43 summary: The OraQuick® Ebola Rapid Antigen test (OraQuick® Ebola RDT; OraSure Technologies, Inc., Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States) received an Emergency Use Authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration in July 2015 for whole blood testing.5,6,7 The OraQuick® Ebola RDT has a manufacturer-reported sensitivity of 84% (95% confidence interval All 322 corpses screened with OraQuick Ebola RDT were negative. keywords: atlanta; available; c2015; capacity; centers; control; corpses; data; dec; diagnostic; disease; ebola; ebola rdt; eligible; emergency; equipment; evaluation; evd; facilities; field; forécariah; georgia; guinea; health; healthcare; high; implementation; initial; internet; laboratory; malaria; management; national; negative; november; number; oraquick; organization; page; patients; pcr; pilot; positive; prefecture; prevention; quality; rapid; rdt; rdts; response; results; states; supervision; testing; tests; training; united; use; virus; volunteers; workers; world cache: ajlm-484.htm plain text: ajlm-484.txt item: #239 of 366 id: ajlm-490 author: None title: ajlm-490 date: None words: 4657 flesch: 39 summary: Implementation of a strong quality management system (QMS) and laboratory accreditation are key to improving patient care. Fifty-four per cent of countries in the African Region reported having a formal QMS toward achieving laboratory accreditation implemented at the NTRL in 2014.1 However, the extent of progress toward accreditation of individual laboratories remains unclear. keywords: accreditation; african; audit; clin; countries; country; data; diagnostic; drug; dst; eqa; external; figure; formal; gli; global; health; implementation; improvement; laboratories; laboratory; line; management; medicine; national; ntrls; office; organization; participation; pathol; patient; planning; programme; progress; qms; quality; reference; region; regional; responses; services; slipta; slmta; society; srl; staff; strengthening; support; survey; system; technical; testing; tools; training; tuberculosis; world cache: ajlm-490.htm plain text: ajlm-490.txt item: #240 of 366 id: ajlm-491 author: None title: ajlm-491 date: None words: 4739 flesch: 37 summary: The main mandate of the National Program for Laboratory Accreditation was to provide institutional leadership for SLMTA implementation at the Ministry of Health, as well as the framework for laboratory accreditation in Mozambique. Improving quality management systems of laboratories in developing countries: an innovative training approach to accelerate laboratory accreditation. keywords: accreditation; action; africa; article; assessment; audit; available; checklist; clin; continuous; culture; da saúde; experience; external; figure; health; implementation; improvement; instituto; international; ipac; iso; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory accreditation; leadership; management; maputo; mentorship; microscopy; ministry; ministério; ministério da; mnih; mozambique; national; ntrl; pathol; performance; plan; portuguese; procedures; process; programme; qms; quality; reference; results; saúde; scores; services; slipta; slmta; smear; staff; standards; stepwise; support; system; table; team; technical; training; tuberculosis cache: ajlm-491.htm plain text: ajlm-491.txt item: #241 of 366 id: ajlm-494 author: None title: ajlm-494 date: None words: 3679 flesch: 42 summary: In the context of an outbreak situation, this includes the identification of the outbreak agent, the clinical course of the disease, and availability of potential targets around which a test could be developed (i.e., nucleic acid sequences, antigens, etc.), variants of the agent, epidemiology (location, movement, etc.), well-characterised specimens for test development and monitoring of test performance once the outbreak-use IVD is in clinical use, and simple and clear policies and procedures to accept a test for outbreak use. Tests could then be accepted for outbreak use immediately upon verification of EUA or EUAL status. keywords: adverse; agent; appropriate; assessment; assurance; available; clinical; countries; country; critical; development; diagnostics; emergency; eua; eual; evaluation; fda; health; implementation; infectious; information; ivd; ivds; manufacturers; need; outbreak; outbreak use; pathway; performance; possible; process; product; public; regulatory; situation; specimens; studies; test; time; use cache: ajlm-494.htm plain text: ajlm-494.txt item: #242 of 366 id: ajlm-496 author: None title: ajlm-496 date: None words: 4409 flesch: 32 summary: Joint WHO-CDC conference on laboratory quality systems, Lyon, April 2008 – joint statement and recommendations. For example, the Caribbean Epidemiology Centre/European Union-funded project, carried out between 2002–2007, designed and implemented a 30-month blended accredited training programme on laboratory quality systems improvement that graduated 40 senior laboratory staff, initiated the Caribbean Laboratory Accreditation Scheme, and recommended that the International Standard ISO 15189 be the recognised standard in the Caribbean for medical laboratories.8 Despite these efforts, reports indicate that by 2008 only nine (5.2%) of the estimated 173 laboratories in the Caribbean region were accredited. keywords: accreditation; afro; american; approach; assessment; available; capacity; caribbean; caribbean lqms; centers; checklist; clinical; control; countries; country; dec; development; disease; document; enrolment; figure; framework; health; implementation; improvement; improvement process; international; internet; iso; joint; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory quality; lqms; management; medical; ministry; national; organization; pan; prevention; process; public; quality; quality improvement; quality management; quality systems; regional; report; requirements; review; secretariat; services; sip; staff; stakeholders; standards; stepwise; strengthening; support; systems; tier; world cache: ajlm-496.htm plain text: ajlm-496.txt item: #243 of 366 id: ajlm-497 author: None title: ajlm-497 date: None words: 7212 flesch: 38 summary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31079-0 O’Neill J. Review on antimicrobial resistance: Antimicrobial resistance: Tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations. The recent World Health Organization (WHO) global action plan on antimicrobial resistance7 outlines five strategic objectives for resistance containment, as follows: Improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance through effective communication, education and training. keywords: access; action; african; agent; antibacterial; antibiotic; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; antiretroviral; appropriate; available; awareness; best; better; blood; care; case; chemotherapy; cholera; clinical; commons; concentration; containment; contributions; control; cost; countries; culture; data; development; diagnostic; difficult; diffusion; dis; disc; disease; drug; economic; effective; empiric; essential; et al; evidence; example; expensive; general; geneva; global; health; help; high; human; identification; impact; important; infections; information; investment; key; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory systems; lancet; laxminarayan; level; life; limited; malaria; med; medicines; methods; microbiology; molecular; national; necessary; need; objective; okeke; organization; outbreaks; particular; pathogens; patients; plos; point; policy; pressure; problem; professionals; programmes; public; quality; rapid; research; resistance; resource; results; rev; role; routine; selective; settings; significant; specific; spread; support; surveillance; susceptibility; susceptibility testing; switzerland; systems; technologies; testing; tests; therapy; time; today; tool; tragedy; treatment; use; vaccines; valuable; ways; world cache: ajlm-497.htm plain text: ajlm-497.txt item: #244 of 366 id: ajlm-498 author: None title: ajlm-498 date: None words: 5716 flesch: 32 summary: These tools are either facility-oriented (e.g., WHO Laboratory Assessment Tool facility assessment,20 WHO SLIPTA21) and/or address individual aspects of laboratory system,22 and/or are narrowed to one disease,23 and/or are not specific to laboratories,24 and/or measure absence of key components without sufficiently characterising the discrete levels of laboratory network capabilities to guide performance improvement initiatives.25 Abstract Background on laboratory systems in Africa Determinants of remaining gaps in national laboratory network capabilities Current normative standards for national medical laboratory networks Aim Design of the scorecard Selection of core capabilities and components Development of indicators and definition of capability levels Purpose of the LABNET scorecard assessment Scoring system and options for data analysis Assessment process Validation of the LABNET scorecard: lessons learnt Anticipated utilisation and benefit of the LABNET scorecard assessment Perspectives and conclusions Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Pascale Ondoa Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Tjeerd Datema Royal Tropical Institute Biomedical Research (KIT), Amsterdam, the Netherlands DATOS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Mah-Sere Keita-Sow African Society of Laboratory Medicine (ASLM), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Jean-Bosco Ndihokubwayo World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo Jocelyn Isadore Association of Public Health Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States Linda Oskam Royal Tropical Institute Biomedical Research (KIT), Amsterdam, the Netherlands DATOS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands John Nkengasong Division of Global HIV and TB, International Laboratory Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States Kim Lewis Association of Public Health Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States Citation Ondoa P, Datema T, Keita-Sow M-S, et al. keywords: africa; amsterdam; aphl; aslm; assessment; available; capabilities; capability; capacity; clin; clinical; components; control; core capability; countries; country; current; data; design; development; disease; document; ebola; efforts; essential; evaluation; figure; framework; functionality; functions; ghsa; global; global health; guide; health; health laboratory; health organization; health security; ihr; implementation; improvement; indicators; information; institute; international; internet; key; labnet; labnet scorecard; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory network; laboratory systems; level; mar; medicine; national; national laboratory; netherlands; network; normative; organization; pathol; plans; process; progress; public; public health; quality; questions; regional; report; response; scorecard; scoring; security; standards; strengthening; support; surveillance; systems; targets; tool; united; world; world health cache: ajlm-498.htm plain text: ajlm-498.txt item: #245 of 366 id: ajlm-5 author: None title: ajlm-5 date: None words: 4375 flesch: 46 summary: Our study shows that clinical reference values developed within the region are more appropriate for the Botswanan population than those adopted from developed countries. Laboratory reference values for healthy adults from southern Tanzania. keywords: adults; adverse; african; aids; analysis; article; authors; bhp; blood; botswana; calculated; cd4; cd8; cell; clinical; clsi; countries; counts; data; diagn; differences; gaborone; gender; haematological; haemoglobin; harvard; health; hiv; hospital; immunohaematological; immunol; important; intervals; laboratory; lower; lymphocyte; management; marina; mean; median; ministry; mm3; national; negative; parameters; participants; patients; plos; population; princess; public; ranges; red; reference; reference intervals; reference values; results; significant; southern; standards; studies; study; table; testing; total; trials; use; vaccine; values; volunteers; white; women; years cache: ajlm-5.htm plain text: ajlm-5.txt item: #246 of 366 id: ajlm-502 author: None title: ajlm-502 date: None words: 3266 flesch: 33 summary: et al. Experience establishing tuberculosis laboratory capacity in a developing country setting. Discussion There are few BSL-3 tuberculosis laboratory prototypes in the sub-Saharan African setting. keywords: assays; biosafety; capacity; cases; challenges; construction; control; cost; country; culture; detection; diagnostic; drug; dst; establishment; figure; genexpert; germfree; health; human; impact; institute; laboratories; laboratory; level; limited; line; maryland; mdr; modular; national; nigeria; organization; power; prevalence; probe; programme; public; reference; resistant; resistant tuberculosis; scientists; setting; states; strengthening; supply; system; training; treatment; tuberculosis; united; university; virology; water; world; zaria cache: ajlm-502.htm plain text: ajlm-502.txt item: #247 of 366 id: ajlm-508 author: None title: ajlm-508 date: None words: 3174 flesch: 29 summary: These pre-EVD laboratory challenges, among others, included: Lack of integration between public health surveillance and laboratory diagnostic services, resulting in fragmented service delivery. The first is the clinical laboratory services designated for clinical specimen testing for diagnostic purposes and the second is public health laboratory services directed at disease surveillance. keywords: capacity; center; challenges; clinical; country; delivery; development; diagnostic; disease; ebola; effective; equipment; evd; facilities; floor; health; human; infectious; infrastructure; international; john; john f.; kennedy; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory system; lack; level; liberia; limited; management; medical; medical center; ministry; monrovia; national; nrl; outbreak; partnership; policy; program; public; quality; research; services; structures; support; surveillance; system; training; virus cache: ajlm-508.htm plain text: ajlm-508.txt item: #248 of 366 id: ajlm-509 author: None title: ajlm-509 date: None words: 3178 flesch: 32 summary: Accordingly, the country’s Ministry of Health established the National Reference Laboratory to strengthen and sustain laboratory services. Pre-Ebola virus disease laboratory system Prior to the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Liberia, the structure of the system regulating the laboratory environment was fragmented and not well coordinated. keywords: capacity; center; clinical; control; country; diagnostic; disease; ebola; ebola virus; ebov; equipment; evd; figure; floor; genexpert; health; initiatives; john; john f.; kennedy; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory system; liberia; limited; management; medical; medical center; ministry; monrovia; national; operational; outbreak; partnership; pcr; plan; post; pre; program; reference; research; research partnership; resources; response; services; strategic; strengthening; surveillance; system; testing; training; use; virus; virus disease cache: ajlm-509.htm plain text: ajlm-509.txt item: #249 of 366 id: ajlm-519 author: None title: ajlm-519 date: None words: 3922 flesch: 31 summary: Tuberculosis laboratory services in Africa Public health laboratory organisational structures and services for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, are heterogeneous and suffer from several challenges in Africa.5,6 Assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats regarding tuberculosis laboratory services provide possibilities for objective interventions at both the country and the regional level in Africa (Table 1). TABLE 1: Key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for tuberculosis laboratory services in Africa.† TABLE 2: New tuberculosis and relapse cases notified in Africa, 2010–2015.† TABLE 3: keywords: access; africa; available; c2016; care; cases; control; countries; country; development; diagnostic; diseases; document; drug; dst; efforts; end; estimated; genexpert; global; health; hiv; incidence; integrated; internet; laboratories; laboratory; level; line; management; mdr; molecular; national; need; networks; new; number; oct; organization; page; patients; people; public; quality; rapid; rates; regional; resistant; second; services; strategy; strengthening; systems; table; testing; treatment; tuberculosis; universal; use; world cache: ajlm-519.htm plain text: ajlm-519.txt item: #250 of 366 id: ajlm-535 author: None title: ajlm-535 date: None words: 2718 flesch: 47 summary: In the ideal case, the following workflow could become standard for EQA testing and reporting: The EQA provider sends out the sample to the test site. POC tests connected to an informatics system capable of distinguishing EQA from routine samples via the sample ID can dramatically help improve turnaround time for EQA results, thereby allowing for action to be taken if necessary. keywords: assessment; care; cd4; central; concept; connected; connectivity; country; data; devices; diagnostic; eqa; external; facility; figure; health; informatics; instrument; laboratory; london; ministries; operational; patient; performance; poc; point; programme; proof; provider; quality; reporting; results; samples; sites; systems; testing; tests; time; zimbabwe cache: ajlm-535.htm plain text: ajlm-535.txt item: #251 of 366 id: ajlm-537 author: None title: ajlm-537 date: None words: 2518 flesch: 42 summary: The basic configuration of the software provides all the communication and reporting capabilities optimised for supporting BD BACTEC™ and BD BACTEC MGIT™ systems. We therefore undertook a study to document our experience regarding MGIT tube cultures that became positive beyond the usual 42-day incubation period. keywords: afb; africa; bactec; clin; clinical; complex; cording; culture; days; detection; dlamini; durban; growth; hospital; incubation; isolates; kwazulu; laboratory; manufacturer; mgit; microbiol; mycobacteria; natal; negative; period; positive; recovery; south; staining; study; system; testing; tuberculosis; tubes cache: ajlm-537.htm plain text: ajlm-537.txt item: #252 of 366 id: ajlm-540 author: None title: ajlm-540 date: None words: 2033 flesch: 42 summary: Similarly, Malawi has various partnerships with numerous EQA providers to support quality testing. Besides the ongoing implementation pilot of POC testing for EID in tertiary, secondary and primary care settings, Malawi is also considering POC testing for HIV viral load in 2016 and 2017 on the most relevant platforms available on the market. keywords: assurance; care; cd4; clinical; diagnostics; eid; eqa; figure; framework; guidelines; health; hiv; implementation; international; iso; laboratories; laboratory; level; lilongwe; load; malawi; ministry; national; partners; poc; point; policy; programme; quality; results; schemes; services; support; table; technical; testing; times; training; viral; year cache: ajlm-540.htm plain text: ajlm-540.txt item: #253 of 366 id: ajlm-545 author: None title: ajlm-545 date: None words: 4180 flesch: 44 summary: CD4 laboratories would increase to 41 in scenario B and 61 in scenario C. POC testing would be offered at two sites in scenario B and 20 sites in scenario C. Conclusion: The RACL algorithm provides an objective methodology to address coverage gaps through the allocation of CD4 laboratories and POC sites for a given T. The algorithm outcomes need to be assessed in the context of local conditions. The ITSDM model aims to ensure efficient, cost-effective provision of quality testing across all health districts.1 This ‘full coverage’ model strives toward equitable access to CD4 testing by providing technology that appropriately matches service delivery requirements, based on factors such as test volumes, distances from referring clinics to CD4 laboratories, and the package of clinical services offered by health facilities.1 Five testing tiers, along with a sixth coordinating tier, are defined in the ITSDM model: (1) true point-of-care (POC) services (Tier 1), reserved for hard-to-reach areas, where nursing staff attending to patients operate the testing system (< 3 tests per system per day) and initiate patients onto antiretroviral therapy; (2) POC hubs (Tier 2), namely, ‘mini-laboratories’ using only POC equipment for all relevant HIV and tuberculosis tests at a rate of < 10 samples per day in rural health districts; (3) community laboratories (Tier 3) processing less than 100 samples per day; (4) district laboratories (Tier 4) processing between 100 and 299 samples per day; (5) high volume centralised laboratories (Tier 5) processing in excess of 300 samples per day; and (6) Tier 6, representing a national reference/‘monitoring and evaluation’ centre responsible for coordination, harmonisation and standardisation of testing, as well as coordination of training and quality control across a national network of laboratories and related testing sites.1 It would also be cost effective to consolidate Tier 4 and/or Tier 5 laboratories into larger centralised laboratories (‘super-laboratory’/Tier 6 level) that could process in excess of 600 samples per day, depending on efficiency of local transport systems.1 keywords: access; africa; algorithm; analysis; areas; capacity; cape; cassim; cd4; coetzee; cost; coverage; current; daily; day; delivery; distribution; effective; facilities; facility; figure; gaps; glencross; health; hiv; hours; increase; johannesburg; laboratories; laboratory; local; model; national; nhls; number; outcomes; platform; poc; quality; racl; required; requirements; samples; scenario; service; sites; smith; south; space; system; tat; testing; tests; tier; time; travel; volumes cache: ajlm-545.htm plain text: ajlm-545.txt item: #254 of 366 id: ajlm-549 author: None title: ajlm-549 date: None words: 2415 flesch: 25 summary: Going forward: From now to the future For laboratory services to reach the goal of supporting an improved healthcare system, the following restructuring and strengthening framework platform is being developed, where it is lacking, or in an accelerated and strengthened implementation mode, where it existed. Moving forward, the government has put in place a service-level agreement that ensures health-sector commitments and coordinated support for laboratory services. keywords: clinical; costs; country; delivery; development; disease; document; ebola; future; government; health; healthcare; hospital; implementation; integrated; interventions; key; laboratories; laboratory; leone; minimum; ministry; monitoring; national; network; operations; outbreak; plan; policy; public; reconstruction; reference; response; sanitation; sector; services; sierra; sierra leone; standards; strategic; support; surveillance; system; technical; virus cache: ajlm-549.htm plain text: ajlm-549.txt item: #255 of 366 id: ajlm-554 author: None title: ajlm-554 date: None words: 855 flesch: 39 summary: The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine has developed a simple costing model that can quantify the significant value of diagnostic quality assurance and the serious consequences of not incorporating quality assurance into diagnostic programmes, both in terms of the cost of lives lost and the cost of unnecessary or incorrect treatment. Investments in diagnostic quality assurance systems will pay dividends for years to come, improving both patient outcomes and healthcare economics in-country. keywords: assurance; care; cost; countries; diagnostic; health; london; murtagh; negotiable; poc; point; quality; scale; settings; significant; system; testing cache: ajlm-554.htm plain text: ajlm-554.txt item: #256 of 366 id: ajlm-558 author: None title: ajlm-558 date: None words: 1442 flesch: 40 summary: The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided leadership through several landmark events, starting with the Maputo Declaration for strengthening laboratory health systems in January 2008,3 followed by the Lyon statement on the need for developing countries to establish practical quality management systems in April 2008.4 Specifically in Africa, the Yaoundé resolution was issued by the WHO Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO) in 2008 to strengthen public health laboratories in the WHO African region.5 Since July 2009, several African countries, donors, the WHO and implementing partners launched a programme for strengthening laboratory management, with the aim of accelerating national laboratory services toward ISO 15189 accreditation in the African region. Joint WHO–CDC conference on health laboratory quality systems. keywords: accreditation; african; assurance; atlanta; centers; control; cost; countries; diagnostic; disease; eqa; georgia; health; laboratories; laboratory; medicine; organization; poc; prevention; programme; quality; region; school; states; systems; testing; united cache: ajlm-558.htm plain text: ajlm-558.txt item: #257 of 366 id: ajlm-56 author: None title: ajlm-56 date: None words: 4349 flesch: 41 summary: New medical laboratory teaching content was developed in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Kenya using national instructors, tutors, and experts and consulting medical laboratory educators from the United States of America (USA). Following approval of the curriculum, workshops were held with the same educators and USA consultant educators to develop standardised medical laboratory teaching content. keywords: article; ascp; available; biomedical; bmls; capacity; competencies; consultants; content; countries; country; courses; curriculum; development; education; educators; electronic; ethiopia; faculty; following; head; health; implementation; information; kenya; laboratory; learning; lectures; lesson; materials; medical; national; needs; new; objectives; order; outcomes; plans; presentation; resource; revision; schools; science; service; session; settings; skills; staff; stakeholders; standardised; students; study; tanzania; teaching; teaching content; training; usa; use; workshop cache: ajlm-56.htm plain text: ajlm-56.txt item: #258 of 366 id: ajlm-576 author: None title: ajlm-576 date: None words: 5342 flesch: 40 summary: However, progress in tuberculosis laboratories has been slower, which may be attributed to the need for a structured tuberculosis-specific approach to implementing QMS. Conclusion: Lessons learnt from early implementation of TB SLMTA suggest that a structured training and mentoring programme can build a foundation towards further quality improvement in tuberculosis laboratories. keywords: accreditation; africa; albert; approach; assessment; available; baseline; checklist; countries; country; curriculum; development; diagnostics; english; facility; find; foundation; global; harmonized; health; impact; implementation; improvement; innovative; internet; laboratories; laboratory; level; management; master; materials; med; mentoring; national; new; online; organization; participants; process; programme; projects; qms; quality; regional; resources; slipta; slmta; slmta programme; specific; stars; stepwise; strengthening; support; system; table; tb slmta; testing; time; tot; trainers; training; tuberculosis; tuberculosis laboratory; workshop; world cache: ajlm-576.htm plain text: ajlm-576.txt item: #259 of 366 id: ajlm-579 author: None title: ajlm-579 date: None words: 969 flesch: 35 summary: Laboratory testing played a key role in the response, and a number of key improvements in laboratory capacity have been made since 2014, with support from African and international partners, including the African Society for Laboratory Medicine, the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, among others. The tools, guidance and vision they provide should become the blueprint for laboratory capacity necessary to combat disease outbreaks in Africa and for strengthening health security programmes internationally. keywords: africa; antimicrobial; articles; capacity; countries; critical; disease; ebola; global; health; keita; laboratory; networks; new; outbreak; resistance; responses; security; situations; strengthening; systems cache: ajlm-579.htm plain text: ajlm-579.txt item: #260 of 366 id: ajlm-585 author: None title: ajlm-585 date: None words: 4435 flesch: 42 summary: The details of the workshops, mentorships, audits and other activities are summarised in Figure 1. FIGURE 1: Kenya National Blood Transfusion Service SLMTA implementation process. Programme ownership was a key consideration; hence, SLMTA activities were included in the performance contracts of the heads of RBTCs and the quality managers. keywords: accreditation; activities; audit; average; baseline; blood; blood transfusion; centers; checklist; clinical; communities; control; departments; disease; donor; exit; facilities; facility; figure; global; health; implementation; improvement; iso; kenya; key; knbts; laboratories; laboratory; management; mentorship; midterm; nairobi; national; office; percentage; performance; points; process; programme; projects; qms; quality; safety; scores; service; slipta; slmta; staff; standards; stars; support; system; testing; training; transfusion; workshop cache: ajlm-585.htm plain text: ajlm-585.txt item: #261 of 366 id: ajlm-586 author: None title: ajlm-586 date: None words: 839 flesch: 40 summary: For instance, as precision medicine – the ability to individualise patient care with a combination of information unique to an individual to identify prevention and treatment strategies based on genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors – continues to take centre stage in the 21st century in the developed world, laboratory diagnostic testing will play an even greater role. This is an area that needs considerable work, as clinicians cannot be provided with accurate and timely diagnostic test results for effective management of patients, if laboratory test request forms are not completed accurately. keywords: access; africa; availability; care; chasm; clinical; diagnostic; disease; generation; laboratory; management; medicine; practice; sequencing; use; work cache: ajlm-586.htm plain text: ajlm-586.txt item: #262 of 366 id: ajlm-589 author: None title: ajlm-589 date: None words: 5021 flesch: 52 summary: The median age at HIV diagnosis was 6 weeks (range = 2–48 weeks), and 601 infants (69.0%) were in the age group 0–6 weeks, of which 30 (5.0%) were positive for HIV. Similarly, infants aged 0–6 weeks at the time of HIV diagnosis were less likely to be infected with HIV compared to those aged > keywords: africa; age; aids; analysis; antiretroviral; bamenda; caesarean; cameroon; care; cart; centre; child; data; delivery; diagnosis; dna; drugs; early; feeding; follow; group; health; hiv; hiv transmission; hospital; infants; infected; intervention; journal; laboratory; lamivudine; maternal; model; mother; mrs; mtct; nevirapine; obstetric; order; pcr; poor; positive; predictors; pregnancy; pregnant; prevalence; prevention; programme; ptcc; records; regional; research; results; rhb; risk; section; significant; square; study; therapy; transmission; variables; weeks; west; women; zidovudine cache: ajlm-589.htm plain text: ajlm-589.txt item: #263 of 366 id: ajlm-590 author: None title: ajlm-590 date: None words: 4078 flesch: 45 summary: Implementation of proficiency testing in conjunction with a rechecking system for external quality assurance in tuberculosis laboratories in Mexico. Performance evaluation of tuberculosis smear microscopists working at rechecking laboratories in Ethiopia. keywords: ababa; addis; addis ababa; agreement; amhara; april; assessment; bacilli; case; detection; disease; eqa; errors; ethiopia; external; false; federal; health; health institute; higher; institute; july; laboratories; laboratory; low; lower; major; microscopists; microscopy; ministry; minor; negative; overall; panel; participants; performance; positive; programmes; public; public health; quality; quantification; readers; reading; rechecking; reference; regional; sciences; sensitivity; slides; smear; specificity; sputum; study; table; total; tuberculosis; work; world cache: ajlm-590.htm plain text: ajlm-590.txt item: #264 of 366 id: ajlm-598 author: None title: ajlm-598 date: None words: 3962 flesch: 47 summary: Current procedures, such as conventional and automated methods that are used in blood culture identification, delay pathogen identification for hours, or even days when fastidious bacteria are involved. Ultimately 21 (32.0%) blood culture isolates were classified as Gram-negative bacteria, 43 (66.0%) as Gram-positive bacteria and 1 (2.0%) as Candida spp. keywords: academic; africa; analysis; bacteria; bloemfontein; blood; bottles; bruker; candida; clin; clinical; culture; desorption; diagnostic; flight; gram; identification; ionization; isolates; laboratories; laboratory; laser; maldi; mass; matrix; methods; microbiol; microbiology; microscan; negative; positive; rapid; results; score; south; species; spectrometry; study; system; table; time; tof; tof ms; vitek; walkaway; yeast cache: ajlm-598.htm plain text: ajlm-598.txt item: #265 of 366 id: ajlm-6 author: None title: ajlm-6 date: None words: 4994 flesch: 43 summary: The method is less dedicated to training in specific technical skills but more focused on training laboratory staff on the management of laboratories related to accreditation. Establishing well-structured laboratory mentorship programmes has been suggested as a means of accelerating a laboratory’s path toward accreditation.3 Various methods of laboratory mentorship have been described and implemented in both developing and developed countries.7,8,9 Often mentorship is conducted over either short (less than one week) or long (six months to one year or longer) time periods. keywords: access; accreditation; action; african; afro; afro slipta; areas; assessment; average; baseline; central; checklist; corrective; count; district; engagement; example; figure; findings; health; improvement; initial; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory quality; lesotho; management; mentoring; mentorship; methods; ministry; model; national; performance; period; points; process; programmes; progress; quality; scores; second; sections; significant; slipta; slipta checklist; specific; staff; star; study; system; table; time; training; weeks cache: ajlm-6.htm plain text: ajlm-6.txt item: #266 of 366 id: ajlm-606 author: None title: ajlm-606 date: None words: 5083 flesch: 46 summary: In South Africa, procedures are completed according to a departmental standard operating procedure document and staff must comply with the relevant Acts and the standards of practice for blood transfusion. Study population Voluntary, non-remunerated donors residing in the Western Cape region of South Africa were selected according to the criteria for the protection of the donor and recipient as indicated in the standards of practice for blood transfusion in South Africa.30 Donors unable to fulfil the criteria and first-time donors were excluded from the study. keywords: africa; bellairs; biochemical; bird; blood; blood transfusion; cape; cell; cellular; clinical; components; concentrate; corpuscular; day; days; differences; disease; donation; donor; effects; establishments; expiry; factors; figure; filtered; gamma; glucose; graft; guidelines; haemoglobin; haemolysis; host; irradiated; irradiation; ldh; lesions; leucocyte; levels; mean; membrane; method; neonatal; neonates; non; paediatric; patients; percentage; period; plasma; policy; post; potassium; practice; pre; processing; products; province; quality; rbcc; red; reduction; research; results; sci; service; significant; south; south africa; standard; states; statistical; storage; study; test; testing; time; town; transfusion; united; units; use; volume; vox; western cache: ajlm-606.htm plain text: ajlm-606.txt item: #267 of 366 id: ajlm-608 author: None title: ajlm-608 date: None words: 1055 flesch: 32 summary: The African region will need to continue to develop and implement supportive policies and initiatives for the development of tuberculosis diagnostic networks and systems strengthening. GLI Africa assists countries through its network of national tuberculosis programmes and laboratories, multilateral agencies, development and technical partners, public health institutions and other key stakeholders to improve tuberculosis laboratory and diagnostic services through several areas of support including: Restructuring the laboratory network to a patient-centred, coordinated diagnostic network; Narrowing the gap between policy and implementation; Framing continuous quality improvement within the diagnostic network; Establishing the diagnostic-clinical interface; Implementing biosafety and biosecurity in the network and building bioengineering capacity; and Building capacity and mechanisms for responsive technical assistance. keywords: africa; africans; countries; diagnostic; drug; global; health; hiv; laboratory; method; national; network; people; piatek; quality; resistant; technologies; testing; tests; treatment; tuberculosis; use cache: ajlm-608.htm plain text: ajlm-608.txt item: #268 of 366 id: ajlm-609 author: None title: ajlm-609 date: None words: 4788 flesch: 51 summary: Clinical specimens Of the 226 specimens screened, real-time PCR detected Shiga toxin genes in 14 samples (6.2%), comprising 8 stx1, 5 stx2 and 1 specimen containing both stx1 and stx2. Four of the five stx positive E. coli colonies were also positive in the real-time PCR broth assay. keywords: accession; africa; amplification; analysis; assay; broth; cape; chain; chromagartmstec; clin; coli; colonies; detection; diarrhoea; dis; duplex; e. coli; epec; escherichia; escherichia coli; figure; genbank; genes; health; house; infect; isolates; laboratory; mauve; medium; methods; microbiol; national; negative; non; o157; pcr; peaks; performance; plasmid; polymerase; positive; primers; reaction; real; reference; research; results; rotkreuz; samples; sciences; serotype; shiga; south; specificity; specimens; states; stec; stool; strain; study; stx1; stx2; subtypes; switzerland; temperature; time; time pcr; town; toxin; tsb; united cache: ajlm-609.htm plain text: ajlm-609.txt item: #269 of 366 id: ajlm-612 author: None title: ajlm-612 date: None words: 1718 flesch: 41 summary: Right eye examination showing hypopyon, corneal ulcer measuring 5.5 x 4 mm with irregular margins. Right eye examination under slit lamp with fluorescein dye highlighting the corneal ulcer. FIGURE 3: Woolly mould with reddish brown pigmentation after culture of corneal scraping on Sabouraud dextrose agar at room temperature for 48 hours. keywords: access; awolowo; awolowo university; case; complex; corneal; cylindrocarpon; department; eye; figure; fungal; hospitals; hospitals complex; ife; ile; keratitis; keratomycosis; lichenicola; medical; microbiology; nigeria; obafemi; obafemi awolowo; ophthalmology; osun state; parasitology; patient; right; teaching; teaching hospitals; ulcer; university; university teaching cache: ajlm-612.htm plain text: ajlm-612.txt item: #270 of 366 id: ajlm-615 author: None title: ajlm-615 date: None words: 2511 flesch: 48 summary: A total of 17 (29.8%) anaemic children and 18 (15.7%) non-anaemic children were positive for parvovirus B19 infection. Risk factors associated with parvovirus B19 infection include blood transfusion, circumcision, tribal marks and scarification.2 Interest in parvovirus B19 has increased because of the burden of anaemia among children in developing countries where multiple other causes of anaemia keywords: age; anaemia; antigen; b19; b19 infection; blood; burden; case; cell; children; college; control; deficiency; department; disease; haematocrit; health; hospital; human; human parvovirus; ilorin; infection; kwara; living; malaria; nigeria; non; participants; parvovirus; parvovirus b19; patients; positive; pre; prevalence; responsible; results; school; sciences; severe; sickle; state; study; university cache: ajlm-615.htm plain text: ajlm-615.txt item: #271 of 366 id: ajlm-621 author: None title: ajlm-621 date: None words: 2413 flesch: 53 summary: Another study, by Wilke et al., found similar associations between age and UTI.17 Higher numbers of cases of UTI among older diabetic patients could be the result of decreased urinary flow, coupled with incomplete bladder emptying resulting from neuropathy, reductions in oestrogen with loss of vaginal flora among women and prostate disease in men.17 Our study revealed that hyperglycaemia was positively associated with UTI among diabetic patients. Urinary incontinence due to disorders of the autonomic nervous system leads to incomplete bladder emptying, which in turn allows uropathogens to colonise and invade the urogenital niches.4 Presence of glucose in urine of the diabetic patients, coupled with poor metabolic control, provides a conducive environment for pathogenic bacteria to flourish and cause UTIs.6 Several uropathogens have been implicated in diabetic patient infections. keywords: age; blood; cfu; coli; common; diabetes; diabetic; diabetic patients; distribution; factors; glucose; growth; health; high; higher; hospital; infection; international; jinja; kampala; med; mellitus; number; participants; patients; positive; prevalence; referral; regional; risk; sample; sciences; size; specimens; study; total; tract; uganda; united; university; urinary; urinary tract; urine; uropathogens; uti; women cache: ajlm-621.htm plain text: ajlm-621.txt item: #272 of 366 id: ajlm-622 author: None title: ajlm-622 date: None words: 2802 flesch: 44 summary: Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria, 2000–2013: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ott JJ, Stevens GA, Groeger J, Wiersma S. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: New estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity. keywords: age; alanine; alt; aminotransferase; antigen; b virus; blood; cd4; clinic; department; different; epidemiology; faculty; hbsag; hbv; health; hepatitis; hepatol; higher; hiv; hospital; infected; infection; jos; joseph; juth; levels; liver; lymphocyte; manuscript; markers; med; microbiology; natural; nigeria; north; patients; population; positive; prevalence; sciences; serological; seroprevalence; serum; significant; study; surface; surveillance; table; teaching; university; virus cache: ajlm-622.htm plain text: ajlm-622.txt item: #273 of 366 id: ajlm-631 author: None title: ajlm-631 date: None words: 3471 flesch: 47 summary: This finding is in contrast with our previous report where the risk of rotavirus infection was higher among consumers of water from boreholes or wells compared with consumers of tap water.19 The fact that rotavirus was not detected in children without diarrhoea suggests that asymptomatic rotavirus infection is rare. 2016;11:e0159660. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159660 Bucardo F, Mercado J, Reyes Y, González F, Balmaseda A, Nordgren J. Large increase of rotavirus diarrhoea in the hospital setting associated with emergence of G12 genotype in a highly vaccinated population in Nicaragua. keywords: acute; age; assay; authors; band; breastfed; calabar; care; cassette; cause; centres; children; children younger; clin; clinical; consistent; control; countries; cross; detection; diagnosis; diarrhoea; difference; disease; factors; gastroenteritis; group; health; hospital; human; infants; infection; med; medical; milk; months; nigeria; nursery; point; positive; prevalence; primary; quick; results; rida; risk; rotavirus; rotavirus infection; routine; sample; severe; significant; state; stool; study; table; test; university; use; vomiting; water; years; younger cache: ajlm-631.htm plain text: ajlm-631.txt item: #274 of 366 id: ajlm-637 author: None title: ajlm-637 date: None words: 4286 flesch: 51 summary: Objectives: We aimed to pilot test standardised cancer cases on a group of practising pathologists in sub-Saharan Africa to evaluate case content, clarity of questions and delivery of content. This paper focuses on the process of creating standardised cancer cases and the pilot testing of the same. keywords: africa; answer; approach; appropriate; boston; cancer; cases; cbl; clinical; colorado; colorectal; concepts; content; course; denver; department; diagnosis; educ; education; exercise; faculty; feedback; group; harvard; hospital; information; kenya; knowledge; laboratory; learning; manuscript; massachusetts; material; medical; medicine; method; nairobi; new; participants; pathologists; pathology; pedagogical; pilot; pilot testing; powerpoint; practice; presentations; prior; problem; process; questions; results; review; school; size; specimens; standardised; states department; student; system; teaching; testers; testing; time; trainees; tumour; united states; university cache: ajlm-637.htm plain text: ajlm-637.txt item: #275 of 366 id: ajlm-638 author: None title: ajlm-638 date: None words: 2089 flesch: 51 summary: All groups returned with clear recommendations on the role Africa CDC could play in AMR going forward. The private sector is well equipped to extend the reach and capacity of the public health role that Africa CDC is serving in the community. keywords: acute; africa; africa cdc; amr; best; care; cdc; clinical; control; day; detection; disease; examples; health; integrated; key; laboratories; laboratory; medicine; meeting; networks; practices; prevention; private; public; rapid; regional; regions; respiratory; response; role; sector; severe; surveillance; syndrome; talks; workforce; workshop; world cache: ajlm-638.htm plain text: ajlm-638.txt item: #276 of 366 id: ajlm-642 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-05-12 words: 332 flesch: 37 summary: AJLM African Journal of Laboratory Medicine In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on www. ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. AJLM 4_1 Reviewer Acknolegdement.indd Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.ajlmonline.org Page 1 of 1 We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of those who provided scientific and logistical support for this issue of the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine: Should names have inadvertently been excluded from this list, the publisher apologises and undertakes to amend the exclusion in the next issue. keywords: african; ajlm; ajlmonline.org; details; issue; journal; laboratory; medicine; publisher; reviewer; user; website cache: ajlm-642.pdf plain text: ajlm-642.txt item: #277 of 366 id: ajlm-645 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-06-01 words: 447 flesch: 25 summary: AJLM 5_1.indb Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.ajlmonline.org Page 1 of 1 We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of those who provided scientific and logistical support for this issue of the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine: AJLM African Journal of Laboratory Medicine In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on www. ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. Publisher: publishing@aosis.co.za Tel: +27 21 975 2602 Fax: +27 21 975 4635 Patrick Adam Heather Alexander Tjeerd Datema Kyle DeGruy Alpha Diallo Nwadiuto Esiobu Paolo Ferrinho Yeshitila Friew Elisabeth Gerwing-Adima Joseph D. Kitukulu Maja Kodani Kekoura Kourouma Shirley Lecher Segundo R. Leon Christophe Longuet Robert N. Maina Elisabet Manasanch Zirra M. Mangoro Sharon Martin Teferi Mekonen Abera William Ampofo Stephen Balinandi Allen Bateman Debrah I. Boeras Eileen Burd Abhijit Chaudhury Kalyani Daita Bakary Drammeh Dennis Ellenberger Glen Fine Peter Fonjungo George Gachara Reba Kanungo Yenew Kebede Andrea Kim Charles Kiyaga Stephania Koblavi Deme Kekoura Kourouma Elizabeth M. Kutter Shirley Lecher Segundo R. Leon Grace London Charles G. Massambu Sikhulile Moyo Dennis Mok Chris Murrill Nicaise Ndembi John N. Nkengasong Jack Nyamongo Brenda Okech Pascale Ondoa Bharat Parekh Linda Parsons Amy Piatek Lila Rahalison Pat Riley Gajendran Sivakumar Belete Tegbaru Adeola Tomi-Olugbodi Raquel Villegas Lara Vojnov Musau WaKabongo Michael Z. Wang Mick Mulders Jane Mwangi Nicaise Ndembi Clement B. Ndongmo John N. Nkengasong Michael A. Noble Bryan Nyary Beldinah R. Ochola Igho Ofotokun Iruka N. Okeke Pascale Ondoa Ketan Patel Helen Perry Pedro C. Pires Zilma Rey Pierre Rollin Ahmed Saleh Michel Segondy Timothy Su Ralph Timperi Farouk A. Umaru Raquel Villegas Larry Westerman Katy Yao Ernest Yufenyuy Reviewers 2015 Reviewers 2016 Should names have inadvertently been excluded from this list, the publisher apologises and undertakes to amend the exclusion in the next issue. keywords: +27; access; african; ajlm; ajlmonline.org; details; interest; issue; john; journal; laboratory; lecher; medicine; michael; publisher; reviewer; shirley; user; website cache: ajlm-645.pdf plain text: ajlm-645.txt item: #278 of 366 id: ajlm-646 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-06-01 words: 276 flesch: 43 summary: AJLM African Journal of Laboratory Medicine In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on www. ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. AJLM 5_2_2014.indb Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.ajlmonline.org Page 1 of 1 We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of those who provided scientific and logistical support for this issue of the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine: Should names have inadvertently been excluded from this list, the publisher apologises and undertakes to amend the exclusion in the next issue. keywords: african; ajlm; details; journal; laboratory; medicine; reviewer cache: ajlm-646.pdf plain text: ajlm-646.txt item: #279 of 366 id: ajlm-647 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-06-01 words: 292 flesch: 42 summary: AJLM African Journal of Laboratory Medicine In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on www. ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. AJLM 5_2 Introduction.indd Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.ajlmonline.org Page 1 of 1 We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of those who provided scientific and logistical support for this issue of the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine: Should names have inadvertently been excluded from this list, the publisher apologises and undertakes to amend the exclusion in the next issue. keywords: african; ajlm; details; issue; journal; laboratory; medicine; reviewer cache: ajlm-647.pdf plain text: ajlm-647.txt item: #280 of 366 id: ajlm-65 author: None title: ajlm-65 date: None words: 3763 flesch: 52 summary: This kit has been used elsewhere to identify respiratory viruses in similar specimens.20,21 TABLE 2: Frequency and prevalence of respiratory viruses amongst patients presenting with influenza-like illness at Kiswa Health Center and Entebbe Hospital, Uganda, between August 2008 and December 2008; n = 369. keywords: 229e; acute; adenovirus; aetiologies; article; assay; august; authors; cases; children; clinical; collected; coronavirus; data; december; detection; dis; disease; entebbe; epidemiology; et al; etiology; health; hospital; human; ili; illnesses; infections; influenza; information; institute; kampala; kiswa; kit; laboratory; like; med; metapneumovirus; mixed; multiplex; oc43; parainfluenza; participants; patients; pcr; population; positive; prevalence; research; respiratory; respiratory viruses; results; rhinovirus; study; surveillance; syncytial; table; tract; uganda; uganda virus; viral; virus; viruses cache: ajlm-65.htm plain text: ajlm-65.txt item: #281 of 366 id: ajlm-657 author: None title: ajlm-657 date: None words: 4077 flesch: 37 summary: BOX 2: Laboratory quality management procedures. Laboratory quality improvement in Tanzania. keywords: accreditation; african; analysis; article; assessment; bugando; care; center; centre; clinical; community; control; countries; data; department; development; established; evidence; experience; external; gap; health; hospital; implementation; improvement; indicators; internal; international; iso; laboratories; laboratory; management; manager; medical; mentorship; methods; mwanza; officer; pathol; patient; performance; procedures; process; qms; quality; results; samples; section; services; set; staff; standards; system; tanzania; technical; test; time; training; turn; use; validation; verification cache: ajlm-657.htm plain text: ajlm-657.txt item: #282 of 366 id: ajlm-658 author: None title: ajlm-658 date: None words: 2714 flesch: 51 summary: 2006;125(5):651–653. https://doi.org/10.1309/NXXTGRCXD0TMA3C2 Liu W, Hu T, Chen Y, Zhang X, Gu X, Guan M. Development and validation of a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction combined with melting analysis-assay for clinical JAK2 V617F mutation detection. The analytical sensitivity of the locked nucleic-acid (LNA) real-time PCR assay was determined using wild-type DNA mixed with that of homozygous mutant DNA in various concentrations (100% mutant, 50% mutant, 20% mutant, 10% mutant, 5% mutant, 2% mutant, 1% mutant and 0.1% mutant). keywords: acid; africa; agreement; allele; amplification; analysis; assay; blood; chain; curve; department; detection; diagnostic; dna; faculty; figure; haematology; health; jak2; laboratory; lna; locked; mutant; mutation; myeloproliferative; national; neoplasms; nucleic; pcr; polymerase; pretoria; probe; reaction; real; research; results; samples; sciences; seconds; sensitivity; sequencing; south; states; study; time; type; united; university; v617f; wild cache: ajlm-658.htm plain text: ajlm-658.txt item: #283 of 366 id: ajlm-659 author: None title: ajlm-659 date: None words: 3948 flesch: 28 summary: Strategic partnerships were beneficial in navigating challenges leading to laboratory development and training new investigators. This lack of expedient supply chains for instrument engineers threatened to slow down laboratory development. keywords: accreditation; actg; addition; aids; aitrp; assays; assurance; authors; buffalo; center; clinical; college; cpqa; ctu; development; diseases; drug; equipment; harare; health; hiv; hplc; implementation; institutes; international; ipsl; iso; laboratories; laboratory; limited; medical; methods; network; new; pharmacology; pharmacy; procedures; process; program; programme; protocols; quality; requirements; research; resource; sadcas; samples; school; sciences; scientists; services; setting; specialty; states; strategic; studies; support; systems; technical; time; training; trials; united; university; uzchs; validation; zimbabwe cache: ajlm-659.htm plain text: ajlm-659.txt item: #284 of 366 id: ajlm-661 author: Nkengasong, John; Boeras, Debrah I.; Abimiku, Alash’le; Peeling, Rosanna W. title: Corrigendum: Assuring the quality of diagnostic testing: the future is now date: 2017-07-19 words: 304 flesch: 34 summary: The author list and affiliations are hereby corrected to: John Nkengasong US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States Debrah I. Boeras International Diagnostic Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Alash’le Abimiku Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States Rosanna W. Peeling International Diagnostic Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Authors: John Nkengasong1 Debrah I. Boeras2 Alash’le Abimiku3 Rosanna W. Peeling2 Affiliations: 1US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 2International Diagnostic Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 3Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States Corresponding author: Debrah Boeras, dboeras@globalhealthig.com Date: Published: 19 July 2017 How to cite this article: Nkengasong J, Boeras DI, Abimiku A, Peeling RW. keywords: diagnostic; london; maryland; medicine; online; read; school; united cache: ajlm-661.pdf plain text: ajlm-661.txt item: #285 of 366 id: ajlm-664 author: None title: ajlm-664 date: None words: 3127 flesch: 52 summary: Implementation of external quality assurance HIV-1 DNA programme Between 2011 and 2014, all laboratory technicians performing EID for HIV using DBS were informed about the availability of proficiency testing panels provided by the National EQA Program of Mozambique and were encouraged to enroll and participate. These results reinforce observations made by other studies that training and experience significantly affects the accuracy of proficiency panel testing over time.22,23,24 keywords: analysis; assessment; assurance; blood; chain; clin; data; dbs; detection; diagnosis; dna; early; eid; eqa; errors; evaluation; external; false; hiv; human; immunodeficiency; implementation; infant; instituto; laboratories; laboratory; maputo; methods; microbiol; mozambique; nacional; negative; number; panels; pcr; polymerase; positive; proficiency; programme; quality; reaction; report; results; samples; saúde; scheme; series; specimens; spot; study; table; technical; technicians; testing; time; virus cache: ajlm-664.htm plain text: ajlm-664.txt item: #286 of 366 id: ajlm-676 author: None title: ajlm-676 date: None words: 3788 flesch: 42 summary: Organisational management of hospital blood transfusion services in Nairobi County, Kenya: Evidence of implementation. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v8i1.676 Original Research Organisational management of hospital blood transfusion services in Nairobi County, Kenya: keywords: adverse; appendix; audit; authors; available; bank; best; blood; blood transfusion; chain; committee; components; county; data; faith; government; health; homepage; hospitals; htc; implementation; internet; kenya; key; laboratory; management; nairobi; national; observation; officers; organisational; performance; practices; private; quality; recommendations; respondents; results; role; senior; service; specialists; staff; study; system; table; team; transfusion; transfusion service; use; utilisation; wastage cache: ajlm-676.htm plain text: ajlm-676.txt item: #287 of 366 id: ajlm-679 author: None title: ajlm-679 date: None words: 929 flesch: 55 summary: Laboratory test result interpretation for primary care doctors in South Africa. For more common conditions, access to laboratory testing is critical for public health, as well as patient care. keywords: access; afr; afr j; africa; care; cases; diagnostic; disease; ebola; health; j lab; laboratory; need; patients; report; results; surveillance; testing; tests cache: ajlm-679.htm plain text: ajlm-679.txt item: #288 of 366 id: ajlm-68 author: None title: ajlm-68 date: None words: 2607 flesch: 49 summary: This has a major advantage for clinical laboratories in efficient patient management, especially for a laboratory such as ours that assays over 17 000 HIV-1 RNA viral load samples annually. Therefore, accurate measurement of HIV-1 viral load is essential to provide clinicians with valuable information to determine treatment decisions. keywords: agreement; aids; altman; amplicor; ampliprep; analysis; assays; authors; clin; clinical; cobas; cobas ampliprep; cobas taqman; coefficient; copies; correlation; data; good; hiv-1; human; laboratory; lagos; load; log10; method; monitor; nigeria; nimr; patients; plasma; quantitation; results; rna; samples; study; subtypes; taqman; target; test; time; use; values; version; viral; virology cache: ajlm-68.htm plain text: ajlm-68.txt item: #289 of 366 id: ajlm-681 author: None title: ajlm-681 date: None words: 7372 flesch: 46 summary: Step 1: Display service coverage precinct for the HIV viral load test A list of HIV viral load laboratories was compiled, including latitude and longitude coordinates. HIV viral load testing is offered using the Roche (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) and Abbott (Abbott Molecular, Abbott Park, Illinois, United States) platforms. keywords: abbott; access; additional; africa; aids; algorithm; analysis; antiretroviral; approach; areas; art; available; burden; candidate; candidate laboratories; capacity; cape; care; cassim; cd4; clinic; code; coetzee; coverage; coverage gaps; current; daily; daily hiv; data; day; decentralised; delivery; department; diagnostic; diseases; district; facilities; figure; flow; gaps; glencross; health; hiv; hiv viral; homepage; implementation; integrated; internet; itsdm; johannesburg; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory service; list; load; load test; load testing; mar; med; medicine; molecular; mtb; national; new; nhls; patients; people; platform; poc; precinct; priority; programme; province; proximity; related; repertoire; required; revised; rif; roche; samples; service; service coverage; south; south africa; states; step; stevens; study; system; table; tariff; test volumes; testing; tests; therapy; treatment; tuberculosis; unaids; united; use; viral; viral load; volumes; xpert; year cache: ajlm-681.htm plain text: ajlm-681.txt item: #290 of 366 id: ajlm-690 author: None title: ajlm-690 date: None words: 4642 flesch: 44 summary: In Malawi, there are approximately two smear and microscopy facilities per 100 000 people and one laboratory capable of performing tuberculosis drug susceptibility tests per 10 million people.3 Culture-based diagnostic methods remain the gold standard for drug susceptibility testing, but can take up to 86 days to yield results.4 In 2010, the WHO recommended GeneXpert MTB/RIF® as an initial tuberculosis diagnostic test. Recommendations To determine the accuracy of diagnosis of tuberculosis drug resistance, the tuberculosis CX-test needs to be tested in countries with a high prevalence of drug resistance, where it can be compared to culture-confirmed drug susceptibility testing and GeneXpert MTB/RIF®. keywords: active; afb; agar; burden; cases; ciprofloxacin; clinical; college; columbus; control; cost; countries; culture; data; days; department; detection; diagnosis; dis; drug; genexpert; genexpert mtb; growth; health; high; hiv; international; isoniazid; late; lilongwe; low; lung; malawi; malawian; manuscript; mdr; medicine; method; mtb; mycobacterium; ohio; participants; positive; pulmonary; quadrant; research; resistance; results; rif; rifampicin; rural; samples; sensitivity; smear; sputum; staining; state; study; susceptibility; susceptible; test; testing; time; tuberculosis; united; university cache: ajlm-690.htm plain text: ajlm-690.txt item: #291 of 366 id: ajlm-7 author: None title: ajlm-7 date: None words: 2235 flesch: 43 summary: Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy for evidence-based diagnostic practice in Africa. Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy for evidence-based diagnostic practice in Africa In This Scientific Letter... Open Access • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References In 2009, a debate started about whether there was enough evidence to change current guidelines, from presumptive malarial treatment of children under 5 years who present with fever, to testing these children before treating them.1,2 A major argument against this policy change was the lack of confidence in the performance of the available rapid diagnostic tests to diagnose malaria in children accurately. keywords: access; accuracy; africa; amsterdam; authors; available; capacity; care; children; cochrane; collaboration; countries; date; diagnostic; disease; evidence; health; homepage; internet; jul; laboratory; literature; medicine; people; practice; programme; researchers; results; reviews; scientific; standard; studies; systematic; systematic reviews; test; test accuracy; treatment; university; use cache: ajlm-7.htm plain text: ajlm-7.txt item: #292 of 366 id: ajlm-722 author: None title: ajlm-722 date: None words: 7413 flesch: 30 summary: Activities undertaken by the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria-H3Africa Biorepository to achieve compliance with Biorepository ‘Best Practices’ are shown in coloured boxes: dark aqua are initial activities and final outcomes; pink are activities undertaken by IHVN H3Africa biorepository staff; medium blue are activities carried out by the independent consultant; yellow are major policy determinations. The principal goal of I-HAB is to provide reliable sample processing support, secure storage and shipping of high quality biological samples. keywords: abimiku; abuja; access; activities; addition; african; areas; assessment; associated; audit; authors; available; backup; best; best practices; biobank; biobanking; biological; biomedical; biorepository; biospecimens; challenges; clinical; compliance; consortium; consultant; control; cost; critical; croxton; data; developed; development; distribution; dna; documents; environmental; equipment; ethical; ethics; external; facility; figure; formal; freezerworks; future; genomic; h3africa; h3africa biorepository; hab; health; high; human; human virology; ihvn; ihvn h3africa; improvement; independent; information; infrastructure; institute; international; isber; issues; laboratory; major; management; manuscript; maryland; medicine; meetings; monitoring; necessary; new; nigeria; nih; number; operations; outline; planning; policies; power; practices; processes; processing; quality; repositories; requirements; research; resources; review; safety; samples; score; security; self; services; sharing; shipment; site; society; sops; staff; states; storage; supplies; support; sustainability; system; table; technical; technology; temperature; tool; training; united; virology; virology nigeria cache: ajlm-722.htm plain text: ajlm-722.txt item: #293 of 366 id: ajlm-731 author: None title: ajlm-731 date: None words: 4201 flesch: 52 summary: Due to the paucibacillary nature of pleural tuberculosis, the sensitivity of pleural fluid microscopy (about 10%) and culture (about 20%) in pleural tuberculosis cases is low.3,4,5 Culture also has a longer turn-around time, ranging from 4 to 8 weeks.6 The poor sensitivity and specificity of the conventional methods of diagnosis suggest the need for more effective methods, such as an adenosine deaminase assay (ADA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Pleural fluid ADA has been shown to be a valuable biochemical marker that has a high sensitivity and specificity for pleural tuberculosis diagnosis.7 The use of ADA as a diagnostic marker has additional merits, since results can be produced rapidly.8 Molecular diagnostic tests such as qPCR have been used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. keywords: activity; ada; adenosine; africa; age; amplification; analysis; assay; cases; chain; clinical; control; culture; cut; data; deaminase; detection; diagnosis; effusion; extrapulmonary; fluid; high; higher; laboratory; levels; light; low; lymphocytic; mean; med; methods; negative; non; parapneumonic; patients; pleural; pleural fluid; pleural tuberculosis; polymerase; positive; predictive; qpcr; reaction; real; results; roche; samples; sensitivity; south; specificity; specimens; study; table; time; tuberculosis; tuberculosis cases; unconfirmed; units; use; value; years cache: ajlm-731.htm plain text: ajlm-731.txt item: #294 of 366 id: ajlm-732 author: None title: ajlm-732 date: None words: 3665 flesch: 53 summary: TABLE 3: Details of patients with enterovirus D68 infection. Molecular detection of enterovirus D68 among children with acute respiratory tract infection in Ghana. keywords: accra; acute; age; analysis; associated; cases; cdc; chain; children; clinical; control; d68; data; department; detection; disease; enterovirus; enterovirus d68; figure; ghana; group; ili; illness; infections; influenza; institute; laboratory; medical; memorial; negative; nic; noguchi; outbreak; patients; pcr; polymerase; positive; reaction; real; reported; research; respiratory; results; samples; sari; severe; specimens; states; study; symptoms; table; time; tract; united; university; viral; viruses; years cache: ajlm-732.htm plain text: ajlm-732.txt item: #295 of 366 id: ajlm-739 author: None title: ajlm-739 date: None words: 5045 flesch: 47 summary: Overall, a good performance of the assay was achieved, but our results suggest that positive Presto N. gonorrhoeae results may need confirmation using a nucleic acid amplification assay with a different amplification target. Notwithstanding this study’s small sample size, the Presto assay’s sensitivity and specificity for C. trachomatis detection was in line with two previous studies.6,7 We cannot explain the lower specificity found for N. gonorrhoeae detection; we did not obtain cross reactions with the non-gonorrhoeae Neisseria species, and we therefore advise that a possible lower specificity should be confirmed in future studies. keywords: abbott; amplification; antwerp; assay; belgium; chlamydia; chlamydia trachomatis; clinical; control; detection; dna; equivocal; evaluation; extended; gold; gonorrhoeae; health; house; iac; infections; institute; itm; kigali; laboratory; medicine; national; negative; neisseria; neisseria gonorrhoeae; nrl; panel; pcr; pcr assay; positive; presto; presto assay; presto ct; qcmd; quality; reaction; real; reference; results; rwanda; samples; sciences; selector; sensitivity; specificity; specimen; standard; strong; study; swabs; swedish; system; testing; time; time pcr; trachomatis; trial; tropical; use; value; variant; women cache: ajlm-739.htm plain text: ajlm-739.txt item: #296 of 366 id: ajlm-740 author: None title: ajlm-740 date: None words: 6138 flesch: 48 summary: FIGURE 1: Healthcare worker Pima CD4 results at point-of-care site compared to laboratory Pima CD4 results. Scatter and Bland-Altman plots of healthcare worker Pima CD4 testing with venous blood (a and b), capillary blood collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid microtube (c and d), and capillary blood applied directly to Pima CD4 cartridge (e and f) compared with laboratory Pima CD4 testing with matched venous blood, Tanzania, 2011. keywords: acceptability; agreement; aids; altman; analysis; antiretroviral; assay; atlanta; bland; blood; cadres; capillary; cartridge; cd4; cd4 testing; centers; clinical; collection; control; dar; direct; disease; division; evaluation; facilities; fingerstick; georgia; global; guidelines; healthcare; healthcare workers; high; hiv; initiation; invalid; laboratorians; laboratory; limited; methods; microtube; monitoring; nhlqatc; participants; patient; performance; pima; pima cd4; plos; poc; point; prevention; quality; republic; resource; results; salaam; sample; settings; similar; sites; specimen; states; study; table; tanzania; testing; tests; therapy; time; training; treatment; type; united; united republic; united states; use; user; venous; venous blood; volume; workers; world cache: ajlm-740.htm plain text: ajlm-740.txt item: #297 of 366 id: ajlm-741 author: None title: ajlm-741 date: None words: 5248 flesch: 30 summary: The primary objectives of the LARS programme were to determine the number of cases reported from selected hospitals for selected pathogens, to describe antimicrobial susceptibility of the significant treatment regimens for the pathogens45 and a secondary objective was molecular characterisation of resistance genes.26,27,30 In 2014, antimicrobial resistance surveillance data on Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients with bacteraemia were published30; isolates were submitted by sentinel laboratories in five regions of South Africa from mid-2010 to mid-2012. Abstract Introduction Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in healthcare-associated pathogens in Africa Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in healthcare-associated pathogens in South Africa Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Ashika Singh-Moodley Centre for Healthcare-associated infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa Husna Ismail Centre for Healthcare-associated infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa Olga Perovic Centre for Healthcare-associated infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Singh-Moodley A, Ismail H, Perovic O. An overview of antimicrobial resistance surveillance among healthcare-associated pathogens in South Africa. keywords: academic; africa; agents; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; asia; aureus; authors; available; bacteraemia; bacterial; cases; ceftaroline; centre; clinical; communicable; control; countries; data; diseases; established; flamm; glass; global; healthcare; hospitals; implementation; infections; information; isolates; jones; laboratory; lack; med; microbiol; molecular; moodley; mrsa; national; need; non; number; pacific; pathogens; patients; perovic; pneumoniae; prevalence; prevention; private; programme; public; region; report; resistance; resistance surveillance; results; review; sader; sentry; significant; singh; south; south africa; standardised; staphylococcus; study; surveillance; susceptibility; susceptible; system; treatment; type; use; world cache: ajlm-741.htm plain text: ajlm-741.txt item: #298 of 366 id: ajlm-742 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-12-21 words: 324 flesch: 31 summary: AJLM African Journal of Laboratory Medicine In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on www. ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.ajlmonline.org Page 1 of 1 The Editors and Guest Editors would like to take this opportunity to thank all of those who provided scientific and logistical support for this issue of the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine: Should names have inadvertently been excluded from this list, the publisher apologises and undertakes to amend the exclusion in the next issue. keywords: african; details; editors; http://www.ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user; issue; journal; laboratory; medicine; publisher; reviewer; website cache: ajlm-742.pdf plain text: ajlm-742.txt item: #299 of 366 id: ajlm-743 author: None title: ajlm-743 date: None words: 4695 flesch: 43 summary: However, results from Rajasthan state in India showed the microcytic hypochromic pattern to be the most frequent (51%), followed by normocytic normochromic (32%), dimorphic (13%) and macrocytic (4%).15 These results were also supported by a further study from Maharashtra state in India, which demonstrated microcytic hypochromic as the most common pattern in pregnancy (55.4%);16 the latter findings can be attributed to the fact that most of the Indian participants were vegetarian, and the tendency to develop iron anaemia rather than mixed deficiency anaemia is greater in this population. However, there is little research on the characteristic morphology of RBCs in anaemic pregnant women in Sudan.1,7 The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology of RBCs among anaemic pregnant women and examine differences in morphological features across some clinical characteristics of study participants. keywords: age; anaemia; available; b12; blood; concentration; deficiency; degree; differences; dimorphic; dimorphic pattern; february; folate; gestational; group; haematinic; haemoglobin; high; hypochromic; hypochromic pattern; intake; iron; levels; low; mcv; med; microcytic; microcytic hypochromic; mild; mild anaemia; mineral; moderate; morphological; morphology; normal; normochromic; normocytic; parity; participants; pattern; pregnancy; pregnant; prevalence; profile; rbc; results; second; september; serum; severe; severe anaemia; significant; study; sudan; supplements; table; trimester; vitamin; women cache: ajlm-743.htm plain text: ajlm-743.txt item: #300 of 366 id: ajlm-744 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-12-22 words: 421 flesch: 26 summary: Publisher: publishing@aosis.co.za Tel: +27 21 975 2602 Fax: +27 21 975 4635 Teferi M. Abera Aaron O. Aboderin Avelin Aghokeng Gilbert Akankwasa Maka Akhalaia George Alemnji Gilda Alves Timothy Amukele Aje J. Anejo-Okopi Rosemary A. Audu Oluwatoyin A. Babalola Colleen Bamford Sonia Boender Valerie F. Boltz Jane Carter Jaya D. Chidambaram Nelson Chimbiya Alpha Diallo Khadim Diongue Romolo Dorizzi Jeroen Eikenboom Dennis Ellenberger Ana E. Farfán Jonathan Fletcher Lisa Gerwing-Adima B. Gu Jeannette Guarner Xu-Xiao Guo Hiroshi Ichimura Seth Inzaule Gnimintakpa Joseph Phyllis Kanki Yenew Kebede Andrea Kim Charles Kiyaga Stéphania Koblavi Dème Olayinka Kotila Adjane Koura Kekoura Kourouma Zirra Mangoro Margherita Morpurgo Jane Mwangi Keiki Nagaharu Anneta F. Naidoo Vusumuzi Ncube John N. Nkengasong Asa’ah Nkohkwo Monica Odhiambo Igho Ofotokun J. Olufemi Ogunbiyi Iruka N. Okeke J.A. Onaolapo Pascale Ondoa Judith Owen Bharat Parekh Ketan Patel Robert Perry Pedro Pires B. Pratumvinit Bethanie Rammer Kristina I. Rother David J. Sambian Lee Schroeder Ritu Shrivastava Svetoslav N. Slavov William C. Smith Ali Tiss Willy Urassa Lara Vojnov Diane Waku-Kouomou Brooke Weckselblatt Meseret Workineh Katy Yao Acknowledgement to reviewers http://www.ajlmonline.org www.ajlmonline.org www.ajlmonline.org http://www.ajlmonline.org http://www.ajlmonline.org http://www.ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user http://www.ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user http://www.ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on www. ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: +27; access; african; contact; details; editors; http://www.ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user; interest; issue; jane; journal; laboratory; medicine; publisher; reviewer; website cache: ajlm-744.pdf plain text: ajlm-744.txt item: #301 of 366 id: ajlm-747 author: None title: ajlm-747 date: None words: 1435 flesch: 43 summary: However, coexistence of Kaposi sarcoma and Molluscum contagiosum on the same site is a rare finding. On the other hand, Kaposi sarcoma has a more generalised distribution, affecting more organs and systems. keywords: aids; antiretroviral; basic; case; cd4; cells; coexistence; college; contagiosum; danfodiyo; faculty; figure; hiv; kaposi; lesions; medical; medical sciences; molluscum; nigeria; patient; rare; sarcoma; sciences; skin; sokoto; therapy; university; usmanu cache: ajlm-747.htm plain text: ajlm-747.txt item: #302 of 366 id: ajlm-748 author: None title: ajlm-748 date: None words: 4113 flesch: 51 summary: Conclusion: With prior deparaffinisation and lysis, FFPE tissues are amenable to testing by Xpert® MTB/RIF assay. A Zambian study published in 2017 by Polepole et al. showed Xpert® MTB/RIF assay to be potentially useful for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in FFPE tissues. keywords: aga; analysis; assay; bacilli; cases; chain; clinical; culture; data; detection; diagnosis; eptb; extrapulmonary; features; ffpe; fixation; formalin; gold; granulomatous; h&e; histological; histology; hiv; hospital; inflammation; kenya; khan; laboratory; load; low; lymph; mtb; mycobacterium; nairobi; necrotising; non; paraffin; pathol; pcr; positive; reaction; resistance; results; rif; rif assay; rifampicin; sections; sensitivity; specimens; staining; standard; study; table; test; tissues; tuberculosis; university; xpert; xpert mtb cache: ajlm-748.htm plain text: ajlm-748.txt item: #303 of 366 id: ajlm-756 author: None title: ajlm-756 date: None words: 2798 flesch: 50 summary: The sites commonly affected by EG lesions are the gluteal or perineal region (57%), extremities (30%), trunk (6%), and face (6%).9 Some have reported facial involvement in 12% of cases.4 Facial involvement has been reported to be common in neonates who are immunocompromised compared to older infants and children.10,11,12 Cancrum oris (Noma) is a severe oro-facial gangrene which occurs more in debilitated and malnourished patients.13 It usually starts as a gingival infected ulcer which rapidly becomes necrotic and spreads to produce extensive destruction of the tissues of the face in and around the oral cavity. Cancrum oris (Noma) is a gangrenous necrosis of the face that begins as a gingival ulcer and progresses rapidly to destroy contiguous tissues in malnourished children. keywords: aeruginosa; ala; blood; cancrum; case; cells; child; children; clinical; culture; danfodiyo; danfodiyo university; dec; department; discharge; ear; ecthyma; eschar; examination; face; facial; figure; gangrenosum; hospital; infect; involvement; lesion; malnourished; med; nasi; necrosis; necrotic; negative; nigeria; noma; normal; oral; oris; paediatrics; patient; pseudomonas; report; residual; right; sepsis; skin; sokoto; teaching; teaching hospital; ulcer; university; university teaching; usmanu; usmanu danfodiyo; weight cache: ajlm-756.htm plain text: ajlm-756.txt item: #304 of 366 id: ajlm-757 author: None title: ajlm-757 date: None words: 4943 flesch: 48 summary: Health district CrAg positivity and prevalence were calculated, with the latter using de-duplicated patient data. Data from a previously reported study showed a CrAg positivity of 2.4% in the Northern Cape versus 7.3% in KwaZulu-Natal.5 Within KwaZulu-Natal, district CrAg positivity ranged from 6.2% in Amajuba to 9.2% in King Cetshwayo district, with the Umkhanyakude district reporting the second highest CrAg positivity at 8.9%.5 KwaZulu-Natal is the second most populous province in South Africa and has the highest HIV prevalence.6 There are 11 079 700 people living in the province representing 19.8% of the national population.7 keywords: africa; analysis; art; available; cd4; cdw; cells/µl; cetswayo; crag; crag positivity; cryptococcal; data; department; disease; district; district crag; ethekwini; facilities; facility; health; highest; hiv; homepage; hospital; implementation; internet; johannesburg; king; kwazulu; laboratory; level; natal; national; number; october; patients; percentage; population; positive; positivity; prevalence; programme; province; provincial; reflex; reported; results; samples; screening; service; south; study; sub; testing; treatment; ugu; umkhanyakude; years cache: ajlm-757.htm plain text: ajlm-757.txt item: #305 of 366 id: ajlm-76 author: None title: ajlm-76 date: None words: 5983 flesch: 56 summary: Hunt PW, Brenchley J, Sinclair E, et al. Relationship between T cell activation and CD4+ T cell count in HIV-seropositive individuals with undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels in the absence of therapy. T cell activation, apoptosis and cytokine dysregulation in the (co)pathogenesis of HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). keywords: absolute; activation; active; aids; anti; aristide; bacteriology; blood; cd38; cd4; cd8; cell activation; cell counts; cells; clin; clinical; controls; correlation; counts; cytometry; dakar; dantec; difference; disease; et al; expression; figure; flow; groups; higher; hiv; hiv infection; hla; hospital; human; immune; immunodeficiency; immunol; infected; infected patients; infection; iqr; laboratory; levels; lymphocytes; markers; maximum; median; mm3; mtb; mycobacterium; n =; participants; patients; percentage; peripheral; pmcid; positive; progression; regulatory; results; significant; single; statistical; status; study; subjects; t cells; tb+hiv+; treg; treg cells; tuberculosis; university; usa; virology; virus cache: ajlm-76.htm plain text: ajlm-76.txt item: #306 of 366 id: ajlm-760 author: None title: ajlm-760 date: None words: 7781 flesch: 39 summary: Interestingly, WGS-SNP analysis of MDR V. cholerae O1 outbreak isolates recently sourced from Cameroon has found that these Cameroonian isolates do not map onto the phylogeny of isolates from other African countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique; instead, Cameroonian isolates are of their own distinct clonal cluster (clade), forming part of an isolated reservoir of MDR V. cholerae O1 in the Lake Chad basin.67 Although WGS approaches for comparison of V. cholerae isolates have gained a stronghold in sub-Saharan Africa, the traditional molecular subtyping methodologies of PFGE, MLVA and MLST are still commonly used to investigate the molecular epidemiology of V. cholerae in sub-Saharan Africa, as these technologies still remain more accessible and more affordable for most laboratories66,68,69,70,71,72,73. Sources of support None. References Van Belkum A, Tassios PT, Dijkshoorn L, et al. keywords: africa; africa outbreak; ampicillin; analysis; antimicrobial; bacterial; characterization; chloramphenicol; cholerae; cholerae o1; clin; clinical; clonal; coli; comparison; countries; data; different; dis; disease; distinct; dysenteriae; element; enteric; enteritidis; epidemic; epidemiological; epidemiology; escherichia; et al; foodborne; genetic; genome; global; h58; health; infect; infect dis; international; invasive; investigation; isolates; kariuki; keddy; kenya; laboratories; laboratory; lineage; malawi; mdr; med; methodologies; methods; microbiol; mlst; mlva; molecular; molecular subtyping; multidrug; multiple; nigeria; o1 isolates; outbreak; outbreak isolates; pathogens; pattern; pfge; pfge analysis; phenotypic; plasmid; plos; presence; public; pulsenet; recent; resistance; review; ribotyping; saharan; saharan africa; salmonella; sequencing; serotype; shigella; smith; snp; south; south africa; species; st313; strains; streptomycin; subtyping; sulphamethoxazole; surveillance; susceptibility; sxt; techniques; tetracycline; toxin; trimethoprim; trop; typhi; typhimurium; typhoid; use; vibrio; vibrio cholerae; wgs cache: ajlm-760.htm plain text: ajlm-760.txt item: #307 of 366 id: ajlm-761 author: None title: ajlm-761 date: None words: 1870 flesch: 38 summary: Background: Prospects for laboratory-based surveillance in Africa and novel opportunities The most accomplished example of repurposing routine laboratory susceptibility results for AMR surveillance and the basic model for WHO’s system is the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). More well-trained personnel both in the laboratory and bioinformatics aspects will be needed as well as, online tools and software that will facilitate the routine analysis of data.10 Where does that lead us in pushing forward with AMR surveillance in Africa in 2018? keywords: africa; amr; analysis; antibiotic; antimicrobial; article; authors; available; bank; countries; data; ecdc; ecological; europe; gelband; genetic; genome; genomic; global; health; important; infection; laboratory; need; online; pathogens; policy; public; resistance; results; sequencing; serial; strategies; surveillance; systems; time; transmission; university; useful; wgs; world cache: ajlm-761.htm plain text: ajlm-761.txt item: #308 of 366 id: ajlm-77 author: None title: ajlm-77 date: None words: 5805 flesch: 39 summary: Laboratory mentoring programmes can be an important vehicle to establish and solidify quality management systems and help laboratories achieve accreditation goals. Short- to long-term attachments at mentored laboratories or accredited laboratories where available, are one way of building local mentoring capacity. keywords: accreditation; afro; approach; assessments; authors; available; building; capacity; commitment; countries; critical; culture; data; design; elements; engagement; experience; extended; facility; goals; health; implementation; important; improvement; independent; laboratories; laboratory; level; local; management; means; medical; mentored; mentoring; mentors; mentorship; model; moh; national; needs; number; performance; periods; programme; progress; qms; quality; regional; reporting; resources; service; setting; site; skills; slipta; staff; standardised; structured; success; sufficient; supervision; support; system; time; tools; training; weeks; work; working cache: ajlm-77.htm plain text: ajlm-77.txt item: #309 of 366 id: ajlm-770 author: None title: ajlm-770 date: None words: 2967 flesch: 31 summary: TABLE 1: Priority surveillance pathogens by specimen for inclusion in Ethiopia AMR surveillance. A standardised assessment tool was used to better understand the conditions and capacities of potential AMR surveillance sites. keywords: ababa; addis; amr; amr surveillance; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; capacity; challenges; containment; control; data; drug; electronic; ephi; ethiopia; focal; global; health; high; implementation; institute; laboratory; lessons; management; microbiology; national; network; organisms; persons; plan; prevention; public; quality; reference; reporting; resistance; sentinel; sites; society; specimens; staff; supplies; support; surveillance; system; testing; use; world cache: ajlm-770.htm plain text: ajlm-770.txt item: #310 of 366 id: ajlm-775 author: None title: ajlm-775 date: None words: 4564 flesch: 40 summary: Comparing national infectious disease surveillance systems: Assessment of epidemiological disease surveillance system in Mozambique. keywords: ability; access; accurate; africa; africa cdc; amr; antimicrobial; approach; automated; available; bmc; care; cases; cdc; centres; collection; connected; connectivity; continent; control; countries; country; critical; data; decision; detection; diagnostic; disease; disease surveillance; early; ebola; electronic; global; health; hiv; infectious; information; integrated; international; internet; key; laboratory; lack; llc; load; management; monitoring; national; need; network; organization; outbreak; patient; platform; positive; prevention; public; quality; real; regional; reliable; reporting; resistance; response; results; role; solutions; south; states; surveillance; surveillance systems; systemone; systems; time; timely; treatment; use; viral; world cache: ajlm-775.htm plain text: ajlm-775.txt item: #311 of 366 id: ajlm-778 author: None title: ajlm-778 date: None words: 5357 flesch: 45 summary: This reflects a worrisome neglect of research on V. cholerae resistance trends from sub-Saharan Africa, despite the high prevalence of V. cholerae and its almost seasonal occurrence.29,37 We were able to retrieve some of the identified full text reviews from major databases by personally contacting the corresponding authors, which we recommend for researchers from developing countries like ours. The serogroup O139 is majorly restricted to some parts of Asia; however, serogroup O1 V. cholerae, further subdivided into the El Tor and classical biotypes, are distributed worldwide.2 The V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype was responsible for the seventh cholera pandemic, which started in Indonesia and spread rapidly to Bangladesh, India, Iran and Iraq.3 Cholera was imported to Africa in the 1970s from these countries during this seventh pandemic. keywords: acid; africa; agents; ampicillin; analysis; antibiotic; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; articles; atypical; authors; available; biotype; bmc; chloramphenicol; cholerae; cholerae o1; ciprofloxacin; classical; control; cotrimoxazole; countries; ctxa; ctxb; data; dis; drug; el tor; element; epidemic; feb; fluoroquinolone; genes; global; health; inaba; infect; isolates; kenya; major; med; microbiol; multi; nalidixic; new; nigeria; non; o139; ogawa; okeke; online; outbreak; pandemic; papers; plos; prevalence; reporting; research; resistance; responsible; review; saharan; saharan africa; search; serial; serogroup; serotype; smith; strains; streptomycin; studies; study; sub; sulphamethoxazole; susceptibility; systematic; tetracycline; tor; trimethoprim; university; variant; vibrio; vibrio cholerae; virulence cache: ajlm-778.htm plain text: ajlm-778.txt item: #312 of 366 id: ajlm-781 author: None title: ajlm-781 date: None words: 5767 flesch: 47 summary: Abstract Introduction Situation analysis of drug resistant tuberculosis in Africa Towards ending drug resistant tuberculosis in Africa Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 About the Author(s) Nazir Ismail Center for Tuberculosis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Internal Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Farzana Ismail Center for Tuberculosis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Shaheed V. Omar Center for Tuberculosis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa Linsay Blows Center for Tuberculosis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa Yasmin Gardee Center for Tuberculosis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa Hendrik Koornhof Center for Tuberculosis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa Philip C. Onyebujoh Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Citation Ismail N, Ismail F, Omar SV, et al. Drug resistant tuberculosis in Africa: Current status, gaps and opportunities. keywords: accreditation; africa; available; burden; care; cases; center; communicable; communicable diseases; continent; countries; data; diagnostic; diseases; drug; drug resistant; end; figure; gaps; global; health; highest; hiv; important; institute; introduction; ismail; johannesburg; laboratories; laboratory; large; likely; line; major; mdr; mortality; mtb; national; need; new; outcomes; patients; prevalence; regimen; regional; regions; reported; resistant; resistant tuberculosis; rifampicin; saharan; second; services; short; south; south africa; strategy; sub; success; survey; susceptibility; table; targets; testing; treatment; tuberculosis; tuberculosis cases; use; xpert cache: ajlm-781.htm plain text: ajlm-781.txt item: #313 of 366 id: ajlm-783 author: None title: ajlm-783 date: None words: 2836 flesch: 44 summary: Symptoms such as fever and weight loss in spinal tuberculosis patients are present in less than 40% of cases and are often not specific.7 Common symptoms of spinal tuberculosis include leg weakness (69%), gibbus deformity (46%), pain (21%), and palpable masses (10%).9 In this study, the patient had no spinal cord involvement despite the delayed diagnosis. Keywords: spinal tuberculosis; extrapulmonary tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; laboratory diagnosis; radiological improvement. keywords: academic; africa; anti; assay; authors; case; clinical; cord; culture; deformity; department; destruction; diagnosis; disease; drug; end; extrapulmonary; figure; george; health; hospital; kyphotic; laboratory; line; loss; management; mdr; mgit; months; mukhari; multidrug; negative; normal; outcome; patient; plate; present; pretoria; rays; report; resistant; south; spinal; spine; study; surgery; symptoms; t12; treatment; tuberculosis; university; upper; vertebral cache: ajlm-783.htm plain text: ajlm-783.txt item: #314 of 366 id: ajlm-789 author: None title: ajlm-789 date: None words: 1032 flesch: 31 summary: FIGURE 1: Incubation temperature in 12 laboratories from seven countries for isolation, subculture and DST of 26 pathogenic bacteria or pathogenic bacteria groups frequently isolated from clinical specimens. Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Cristina Gutierrez Independent consultant, Vigo, Spain Akos Somoskovi Global Health Technologies, Global Good Fund, Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington, United States Kris Natarajan Global Health Technologies, Global Good Fund, Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington, United States David Bell Global Health Technologies, Global Good Fund, Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington, United States Citation Gutierrez C, Somoskovi A, Natarajan K, Bell D. Need for better adherence to optimal incubation temperature for quality laboratory diagnostics and antibiotic resistance monitoring. keywords: bacterial; bellevue; clinical; dst; fund; global; good; human; incubation; intellectual; laboratories; laboratory; microbiology; pathogens; specimens; states; susceptibility; technologies; temperature; testing; united; ventures cache: ajlm-789.htm plain text: ajlm-789.txt item: #315 of 366 id: ajlm-792 author: None title: ajlm-792 date: None words: 2869 flesch: 38 summary: Among HIV-negative controls, there was no correlation between monocytes and total cholesterol or non-HDL cholesterol. When patients were segregated according to their Lub phenotypes, the correlation between non-HDL cholesterol with phagocytes improved for both monocytes (r = −0.442, p = 0.018; keywords: adhesion; antigen; atherosclerosis; bcam; blood; botswana; cape; cells; cholesterol; clinic; counts; data; density; department; depletion; effect; endothelial; faculty; gaborone; group; hdl; health; high; hiv; individuals; infected; infection; julia; lipoprotein; lub; lutheran; molecule; molefe; monocytes; negative; neutrophils; non; patients; phagocytes; positive; relationship; research; results; role; samples; sciences; study; total; university; vascular cache: ajlm-792.htm plain text: ajlm-792.txt item: #316 of 366 id: ajlm-793 author: None title: ajlm-793 date: None words: 3729 flesch: 34 summary: Background In developing countries, the expansion of laboratory diagnostic infrastructure has increased to the extent of meeting the needs of evidence-based treatment.1 Along with investing in accessibility, simultaneous improvements in the quality of laboratory services are needed to ensure the quality of health services.1,2 Laboratory service in resource-limited settings is very weak and quality assurance system practices are either very weak or do not exist at all.3 Laboratory testing errors can mislead clinicians and cause serious harm to patients, but the errors can be reduced by establishing a comprehensive laboratory quality management system.1,4 The implementation of a laboratory quality management system enables the healthcare system to provide reliable services and strengthens the overall quality of patient care. Quality indicators A quality indicator is an objective measure that potentially evaluates all performance improvements in laboratory services based on ISO 15189 standards (turn-around time, external laboratory assessment, customer satisfaction, laboratory service interruption, equipment downtime, specimen rejection and laboratory supplies stock level). keywords: ababa city; accreditation; addis; addis ababa; addis ketema; administration; administration health; african; afro; article; assessment; audit; bureau; center; centre; challenges; city; clinical; core; data; district; district health; emergency; equipment; ethiopia; external; health; health bureau; healthcare; improvement; indicators; institute; international; iso; ketema; laboratories; laboratory; limited; management; medical; organization; performance; points; process; public; public health; quality; region; research; resource; results; services; slipta; staff; standards; stars; system cache: ajlm-793.htm plain text: ajlm-793.txt item: #317 of 366 id: ajlm-796 author: None title: ajlm-796 date: None words: 5626 flesch: 42 summary: Hospital infections. Conclusion: This review shows a paucity of HCAI surveillance in Africa and an emergence of AMR priority pathogens. keywords: africa; amr; analysis; antibiotic; antimicrobial; articles; associated; aureus; available; awolowo; bacteria; bloodstream; bmc; burden; catheter; central; centre; coli; common; control; countries; data; department; different; disease; east; eligible; esbl; ethiopia; facilities; figure; global; gram; hcai; health; healthcare; homepage; hospital; ife; ile; incidence; infections; intensive; internet; ipc; klebsiella; laboratory; literature; major; med; medical; meta; microbiology; microorganisms; mrsa; national; negative; nigeria; nosocomial; obafemi; occurrence; online; organization; osun; parasitology; pathogens; patients; pattern; pneumonia; prevalence; prevention; previous; pseudomonas; resistant; review; safety; search; serial; site; spp; ssi; staphylococcus; states; studies; study; subtypes; surgical; surveillance; systematic; systems; table; teaching; united; university; uti; world cache: ajlm-796.htm plain text: ajlm-796.txt item: #318 of 366 id: ajlm-799 author: None title: ajlm-799 date: None words: 3381 flesch: 41 summary: However, only platelet counts of less than 100 × 109/L are considered clinically significant.1 Moderate thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count range of 50–100 × 109/L, while severe thrombocytopenia is classified by a platelet count of less than 50 × 109/L.2 The aetiology of thrombocytopenia varies and may be caused by mild to life-threatening clinical conditions. winter.14,15 Notably our study period fell within a low thrombocytopenia season (summer and autumn); this may suggest that the reported platelet counts in patients with severe thrombocytopenia were not influenced by seasonal variations but may have led to an underestimation of thrombocytopenia in our setting. keywords: academic; adult; aetiology; africa; albert; april; associated; authors; blood; care; cases; central; chemotherapy; clinical; common; count; data; department; diagnosis; durban; haematology; hiv; hospital; ialch; immune; inkosi; intensive; kwazulu; laboratory; luthuli; majority; malignancies; management; med; moderate; natal; october; paediatric; patients; peripheral; platelet; pregnancy; prevalence; purpura; quaternary; reported; reports; research; results; sepsis; severe; south; study; table; tertiary; thrombocytopenia; university; wards; years cache: ajlm-799.htm plain text: ajlm-799.txt item: #319 of 366 id: ajlm-8 author: None title: ajlm-8 date: None words: 3830 flesch: 48 summary: Laboratory diagnosis may reduce drug costs if return visits for second or third treatments are avoided. Laboratory tests were ordered on 704 (62.1%) patients. keywords: authors; basic; blood; care; carter; centres; change; clinical; clinician; cost; data; decision; diagnosis; diseases; district; drug; effective; essential; examination; fever; health; infections; kenya; laboratory; laboratory testing; lema; level; major; malaria; management; med; medical; microscopy; ministry; number; officers; outpatient; patients; primary; province; rees; results; return; rural; services; staff; study; swabs; table; tested; testing; tests; treatment; urine; use; vaginal cache: ajlm-8.htm plain text: ajlm-8.txt item: #320 of 366 id: ajlm-801 author: None title: ajlm-801 date: None words: 2918 flesch: 32 summary: However, sequence analysis requires an understanding of the associated genetic targets and drug resistance mutations. Concordance of WGS with initial MGIT DST was lacking for isoniazid, pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones; however, resolution testing improved agreement between WGS and phenotypic drug susceptibility profiles for the discordant isolates, even at a coverage of 5× (paired) with acceptable quality scores. Next-generation ion torrent sequencing of drug resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. keywords: africa; analysis; assay; associated; available; bioinformatic; centre; clin; communicable; determination; discordant; diseases; drug; drug resistance; dst; et al; generation; genome; health; health laboratory; health organization; infect; institute; ismail; isolates; johannesburg; laboratory; laboratory network; line; microbiol; mutations; mycobacterium; national; national health; network; organization; phenotypic; pyrazinamide; reference; resistance; results; rifampicin; sequencing; service; south; south africa; states; study; supranational; supranational reference; susceptibility; table; testing; tuberculosis; united; use; wgs; world cache: ajlm-801.htm plain text: ajlm-801.txt item: #321 of 366 id: ajlm-803 author: None title: ajlm-803 date: None words: 4001 flesch: 49 summary: Molecular confirmation and phylogeny of Lassa fever virus in Benin Republic 2014–2016. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v8i1.803 Original Research Molecular confirmation and phylogeny of Lassa fever virus in Benin Republic 2014–2016 Olumuyiwa B. Salu, Ayorinde B. James, Honoré S. Bankolé, Jijoho M. Agbla, Magloire Da Silva, Fernand Gbaguidi, Christian F. Loko, Sunday A. Omilabu Received: 09 Mar. 2018; keywords: abomey; africa; analysis; available; benin; benin republic; calavi; cases; central; centre; chain; college; control; ctrl; data; dengue; department; detection; extraction; fever; figure; gel; genome; germany; health; human; laboratory; lagos; lanes; lassa; lassa fever; lassa virus; lasv; lineage; medicine; molecular; national; negative; new; nigeria; outbreak; pcr; phylogenetic; polymerase; positive; reaction; region; republic; research; reverse; rna; samples; segment; sequences; states; strains; sub; surveillance; transcription; transmission; university; vhf; viral; virology; virus; viruses; west; yellow; zoonotic cache: ajlm-803.htm plain text: ajlm-803.txt item: #322 of 366 id: ajlm-804 author: None title: ajlm-804 date: None words: 6851 flesch: 52 summary: Discussion In this study, we compared PLG on the AQUIOS Flow Cytometer versus PLG CD4 counts generated by FC500 instruments. For method comparison, the number and percentage for sex, adult or paediatric specimens, mean age, CD4 count and percentage and CD4 count range were calculated. keywords: absolute; adults; africa; aids; analysis; antiretroviral; aquios; aquios plg; assessment; available; beckman; bias; blood; canada; cd4; cd45; cd8; cells/µl; children; clin; clinical; clsi; coetzee; comparison; control; coulter; count; counting; cytometer; cytometry; data; different; disease; enumeration; et al; fc500; florida; flow; flowcare; france; glencross; healthy; high; hiv; hour; immunol; inc; interval; janossy; laboratory; local; lymphocyte; lyon; march; mean; med; method; miami; misclassification; monitoring; national; non; normal; november; number; paediatric; panleucogating; paris; participants; patients; percentage; performance; platform; plg; plos; positive; preparation; programme; quality; ranges; reference; reference interval; relative; results; samples; service; sex; single; south; specimens; states; study; subsets; system; table; technical; testing; thresholds; time; total; united; use; values; workflow; world; years cache: ajlm-804.htm plain text: ajlm-804.txt item: #323 of 366 id: ajlm-805 author: None title: ajlm-805 date: None words: 3283 flesch: 49 summary: Some previous studies assessing rates of MDR tuberculosis in Nigeria had reported higher rates of 6.9%, 8%, 10.4% and 10.6% from Awka, three different cities, Cross Rivers and Kano respectively and extremely higher rates of 53.6%.28,29,30,31,32 Others reported fairly similar rates of 4% from Calabar and Abuja, and 5.2% from Cross Rivers.33,34,35 With respect specifically to MDR tuberculosis rates in new cases, results of this study were quite similar to previous reported rates of 3%,32 4%33 and 5.2%,35 but lower than the pooled rate of 6.0% reported in a recent review on drug resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria.7 Despite the relatively low rate of MDR tuberculosis noted in this study, a 46.7% resistance rate against any of the first-line drugs was noted. Tuberculosis drug resistance in Southern Mozambique: Results of a population-level survey in the district of Manhiça. keywords: africa; burden; cases; countries; country; culture; current; data; dis; drug; drug resistant; global; harcourt; health; high; higher; highest; infect; int; isolates; isoniazid; level; line; low; mdr; mdr tuberculosis; med; multi; multidrug; mycobacterium; nigeria; otokunefor; participants; patients; plos; port harcourt; prevalence; public; pulmonary; rates; reported; resistant; resistant tuberculosis; results; review; rifampicin; rivers; similar; state; streptomycin; studies; study; susceptibility; systematic; testing; treatment; tuberculosis; use; world cache: ajlm-805.htm plain text: ajlm-805.txt item: #324 of 366 id: ajlm-806 author: None title: ajlm-806 date: None words: 3078 flesch: 41 summary: Molecular analysis of codon 548 in the rpoB gene involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to rifampin. Three patients had positive rifampicin resistance results on both Xpert MTB/RIF and MTBDRplus (Table 2), but rifampicin resistance was not detected with MGIT drug susceptibility testing (Tables 3 and 4). keywords: assay; culture; detection; diagnosis; drug; false; health; indeterminate; laboratory; lusaka; mdr; medicine; mgit; microbiol; mtb; mtbdrplus; mutations; mycobacterium; negative; patients; positive; predictive; project; related; related tuberculosis; repeat; resistance; results; rif; rifampicin; rpob; samples; school; study; susceptibility; table; testing; tuberculosis; university; value; xpert; xpert mtb; zambart; zambia cache: ajlm-806.htm plain text: ajlm-806.txt item: #325 of 366 id: ajlm-809 author: None title: ajlm-809 date: None words: 2003 flesch: 48 summary: Utilisation of fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy in Sokoto, Nigeria: A five-year review. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v8i1.809 Brief Report Utilisation of fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy in Sokoto, Nigeria: A five-year review Kabiru Abdullahi, Mohammed Umar, Saddiku M. Sahabi Received: 02 Apr. 2018; Accepted: 20 Nov. 2018; Published: 30 May 2019 Copyright: © 2019. keywords: age; aspiration; biopsy; cases; clinical; cytology; danfodiyo; danfodiyo university; department; diagnosis; fine; fine needle; fnac; histopathology; hospital; lesions; management; med; needle; nigeria; north; patients; period; practice; procedure; review; sciences; site; sokoto; specimens; study; teaching; total; university; usmanu; usmanu danfodiyo; years cache: ajlm-809.htm plain text: ajlm-809.txt item: #326 of 366 id: ajlm-810 author: None title: ajlm-810 date: None words: 4146 flesch: 47 summary: Abstract Background: Despite its low sensitivity, microscopy remains the main method for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in most laboratories in Ethiopia. Smear microscopy by Ziehl-Neelsen Sputum smear examination by the ZN staining technique is the standard method for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia.8 keywords: afb; analysis; anti; authors; available; bacilli; bleach; cases; clinical; concentrated; conventional; culture; data; detection; diagnosis; diode; direct; dis; ethiopia; fluorescence; geneva; health; hiv; jimma; laboratories; laboratory; light; lung; method; microscopy; min; mtb; national; negative; negative pulmonary; organization; patients; performance; positive; pulmonary; pulmonary tuberculosis; reference; research; results; rif; samples; sciences; sensitivity; smear; specimens; sputum; standard; study; table; test; treatment; tuberculosis; university; weeks; world; xpert cache: ajlm-810.htm plain text: ajlm-810.txt item: #327 of 366 id: ajlm-812 author: None title: ajlm-812 date: None words: 4263 flesch: 42 summary: Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst primary school children in Ikwo and Ohaukwu Communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Afr J Lab Med. 2020;9(1), a812. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v9i1.812 Original Research Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst primary school children in Ikwo and Ohaukwu Communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria Nse O. Umoh, Chimezie F. Nwamini, Nyoho J. Inyang, Anthony N. Umo, Victor U. Usanga, Amos Nworie, Michael O. Elom, Boniface N. Ukwah Received: 09 Apr. 2018; Accepted: 12 May 2020; Published: 24 Aug. 2020 Copyright: © 2020. keywords: abakaliki; activities; age; aged; analysis; area; association; children; communities; contact; control; data; december; department; disease; distribution; domestic; east; ebonyi; ebonyi state; eggs; facilities; factors; faculty; haematobium; health; high; highest; ikwo; infection; laboratory; lga; medical; n =; nigeria; occupation; ohaukwu; organization; parents; participants; population; prevalence; questionnaire; rate; risk; rural; schistosoma; schistosomiasis; school; science; significant; snail; sources; south; state; students; study; table; technology; transmission; university; urinary; urinary schistosomiasis; urine; water; world cache: ajlm-812.htm plain text: ajlm-812.txt item: #328 of 366 id: ajlm-82 author: None title: ajlm-82 date: None words: 1769 flesch: 38 summary: Article Information Authors: Jessie Githang’a1 Nina Hurwitz2 Affiliations: 1Department of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, Kenya2Department of Pathology, University of Basel, Switzerland Correspondence to: Jessie Githang’a Postal address: PO Box 19601-00202, Nairobi, Kenya Dates: Received: 27 Sep. 2012 Accepted: 20 Aug. 2013 Published: 27 Nov. 2013 How to cite this article: Githang’a J, Hurwitz N. Haematopathology diagnosis: Role of multidisciplinary training workshops. Haematopathology diagnosis: Role of multidisciplinary training workshops In This Opinion Papers... Open Access • Introduction    • Background    • Scope       • Format of Workshops       • Objectives       • Emphasis on communication       • Training sessions       • Identification of areas for future study and training • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing Interests    • keywords: areas; article; available; cancer; countries; diagnosis; different; emphasis; example; haematologists; haematopathology; health; important; international; internet; kenya; laboratory; lymph; medical; multidisciplinary; nairobi; node; pathologists; practical; programmes; research; role; sessions; technologists; training; university; use; workshops; world cache: ajlm-82.htm plain text: ajlm-82.txt item: #329 of 366 id: ajlm-823 author: None title: ajlm-823 date: None words: 3219 flesch: 48 summary: Prevalence and risk factors for red blood cell alloimmunisation among sickle cell patients in Mwanza City, Tanzania. Afr J Lab Med. 2020;9(1), a823. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v9i1.823 Original Research Prevalence and risk factors for red blood cell alloimmunisation among sickle cell patients in Mwanza City, Tanzania Erius Tebuka, Mwesige Charles, Jeffer O. Bhuko Received: 01 May 2018; Accepted: 05 Mar. 2019; Published: 10 Sept. 2020 Copyright: © 2020. keywords: agglutination; alloantibodies; alloimmunisation; antibody; antigens; authors; blood; blood cell; bmc; bugando; cell; centre; cold; data; disease; extensive; factors; globulin; group; health; higher; human; laboratories; laboratory; matching; median; medical; multiply; mwanza; negative; number; participants; patients; prevalence; rate; red; red blood; republic; results; risk; scd; screening; sickle; sickle cell; study; table; tanzania; transfusion; tubes; united; units; warm cache: ajlm-823.htm plain text: ajlm-823.txt item: #330 of 366 id: ajlm-825 author: None title: ajlm-825 date: None words: 3043 flesch: 45 summary: Healthcare associated infections in Ghana project [homepage on the Internet]. 2015. Available from: https://www.amrindustryalliance.org/case-study/antimicrobial-testing-leadership-and-surveillance-atlas/ Ghana NAP. keywords: action; activities; admer; amr; amu; antibiotic; antimicrobial; aquaculture; associated; awareness; care; control; country; data; development; documents; donor; drug; gap; ghana; health; implementation; infections; innovation; international; key; levels; leveraged; leveraging; ministry; nap; national; newman; npar; objectives; plan; policy; practices; prevalence; project; research; resistance; story; studies; study; success; support; surveillance; use cache: ajlm-825.htm plain text: ajlm-825.txt item: #331 of 366 id: ajlm-830 author: None title: ajlm-830 date: None words: 2969 flesch: 33 summary: Implementation of Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention’s framework From 4–5 April 2018, Africa CDC convened AMR focal points from African countries and partners to review the Africa CDC AMR framework and prioritise activities for the next year. In 2016, African countries committed to address AMR as part of the United Nations General Assembly special meeting and, in June 2017, committed to accelerate implementation of the International Health Regulations and promote Africa’s health security, of which AMR surveillance and control is a core component.13,14 To implement these commitments, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) officially launched its ‘Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control, 2018–2023’ in October 2017.15 Established in January 2017, Africa CDC is a ‘specialised technical institution’ of the African Union (AU) responsible for strengthening capacity for surveillance and disease intelligence, emergency preparedness and response, laboratory systems, information systems, and public health research and workforce development in Africa.16 Africa CDC developed its framework with four principles in mind. keywords: access; action; africa; africa cdc; amr; animal; antibiotic; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; authors; available; care; cdc; centres; china; control; countries; delay; diagnostic; disease; disease control; drug; emergence; food; framework; global; health; high; homepage; humans; illness; implementation; infection; internet; john; laboratory; lancet; level; need; organisms; organization; partners; pathogens; patients; policy; prescribing; prevention; programmes; public; resistance; resources; states; stewardship; surveillance; systems; transmission; treatment; united; use; world cache: ajlm-830.htm plain text: ajlm-830.txt item: #332 of 366 id: ajlm-837 author: None title: ajlm-837 date: None words: 6018 flesch: 44 summary: difficult.6 The presence of tuberculosis during pregnancy may result in a threefold increase in adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth, low weight at birth and foetal growth restriction.8,9 Screening for tuberculosis in women of reproductive age is imperative, because concomitant tuberculosis disease causes higher case fatality rates than in men of the same age.10 Active tuberculosis disease, especially when treated late or left untreated, is likely to result in severe adverse outcomes affecting both mother and baby,11,12,13 with an estimated 3.4-fold increase in infant mortality.14,15 The WHO has recommended three options for tuberculosis symptom screening based on availability of Xpert MTB/RIF assay, chest X-ray and also HIV status of the individual.16 Data fields for tuberculosis symptom screening were adapted from the national tuberculosis screening tool. keywords: active; algorithms; analysis; antenatal; approval; apr; april; assay; available; care; clinical; clinics; co.; collection; content; cough; culture; data; diagnostic; disease; eswatini; gamma; gold; health; high; hiv; homepage; igra; infect; interferon; internet; interpretation; laboratory; lam; latent; llc; low; mbabane; method; mtb; national; negative; november; ntbss; option; organization; participants; people; positive; positive pregnant; postnatal; postpartum; postpartum women; preferred; pregnancy; pregnant; pregnant women; prevalence; release; research; results; review; rif; samples; screening; sensitivity; south; specificity; sputum; standard; states; study; symptom; table; testing; tests; tool; treatment; tst; tuberculosis; tuberculosis screening; united; university; urine; women; world; xpert cache: ajlm-837.htm plain text: ajlm-837.txt item: #333 of 366 id: ajlm-840 author: None title: ajlm-840 date: None words: 5322 flesch: 42 summary: Sensititre MycoTB MIC plate for testing Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to first- and second-line drugs. Resazurin microtitre plate assay The susceptibility of MDR, XDR and sensitive tuberculosis isolates were evaluated against first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs by the colorimetric REMA method for the 134 isolates. keywords: africa; agar; albert; anti; apm; assay; capreomycin; central; concentration; critical; detection; distribution; drug; durban; figure; growth; hospital; inkosi; isolates; isoniazid; january; june; kanamycin; laboratory; line; luthuli; mdr; method; mic; microtitre; minimum; moxifloxacin; multidrug; mycobacterium; mycotb; mycotb assay; negative; plate; positive; predictive; proportion; rema; resazurin; resistant; results; rifampicin; second; sensititre; sensitivity; south; specificity; study; susceptibility; susceptible; table; testing; tuberculosis; values; xdr cache: ajlm-840.htm plain text: ajlm-840.txt item: #334 of 366 id: ajlm-841 author: None title: ajlm-841 date: None words: 4870 flesch: 45 summary: Keywords: low-resource setting; laboratory testing; laboratory information system; Malawi; informatics interventions. However, such comprehensive electronic health record systems have low penetration in low-resource settings where the burden of disease is high and laboratory errors are further exacerbated by poor infrastructure, shortages in trained workforce and informational challenges.1,11 Although laboratory information systems (LIS) have been shown to help reduce laboratory errors, little information is available on the implementation of these in low-resource settings. keywords: analytical; article; barcode; blis; central; clinical; cost; dashboard; department; design; development; entry; errors; example; fat; functionality; health; hospital; implementation; information; information system; interventions; kamuzu; kch; laboratory; laboratory errors; laboratory information; laboratory testing; lilongwe; lis; low; malawi; medical; medicine; mobile; nursing; open; order; patient; phase; pittsburgh; pre; problems; process; requirements; resource; resource settings; results; settings; software; specimen; statements; support; system; testing; testing process; tests; time; total; use; user; workstation cache: ajlm-841.htm plain text: ajlm-841.txt item: #335 of 366 id: ajlm-843 author: None title: ajlm-843 date: None words: 5385 flesch: 37 summary: The statements were assessed using a 5-point Likert ranking as follows: poor (1), fair (2), good (3), very good (4), excellent (5).17 The statements covered the following areas: accuracy (correctness of laboratory results), reliability (trustworthiness of laboratory results), waiting time (time between sample collection and dispatch of results), communication (management of information by the laboratory), response to emergencies (attention to emergency tests), staff-client relationship (the bond between laboratory staff and clinicians), cleanliness (neatness of the laboratory and staff), duty consciousness (awareness of laboratory staff to perform their duty promptly), specimen collection (effectiveness of phlebotomists), issuing of results (effectiveness of delivery of results), approach (the way laboratory staff attended to patients and clinicians) and general satisfaction (the overall assessment of the service). At the end of the surveys, reports were presented to laboratory staff during the staff meetings and to clinicians in the laboratory-clinic interface (hospital coordination and scientific) meeting. keywords: actions; approach; attitude; bamenda; cameroon; challenges; clinical; clinicians; collection; communication; consciousness; corrective; corrective actions; customer; data; dissatisfaction rate; dissatisfied; duty; emergencies; emergency; feedback; general; health; high; hospital; hospital bamenda; hospital laboratory; information; issuing; laboratories; laboratory; laboratory services; laboratory staff; management; march; med; meetings; november; nurses; patients; poor; procedures; quality; questionnaires; rate; reduced; regional; regional hospital; responses; results; satisfaction; services; significant; specimen; staff; statements; study; survey; system; time; waiting; wards cache: ajlm-843.htm plain text: ajlm-843.txt item: #336 of 366 id: ajlm-846 author: None title: ajlm-846 date: None words: 6381 flesch: 47 summary: References Freeman J, Bauer MP, Baines SD, et al. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00082-09 Ghantoji SS, Sail K, Lairson DR, et al. keywords: africa; agents; analysis; antibiotic; antimicrob; available; burden; cape; cape town; cases; cdi; chemother; circle; clin; clin microbiol; clinical; clostridium; clostridium difficile; current; data; day; different; difficile; difficile infection; disease; drug; epidemiology; erythromycin; et al; factors; figure; group; healthcare; high; hospital; incidence; infection; isolates; isolation; j clin; laboratory; mdr; med; metronidazole; microbiol; minimum; mlva; molecular; moxifloxacin; multiple; national; negative; number; outbreak; patients; pcr; period; population; positive; potential; prevalence; previous; repeat; research; resistance; results; ribotype; rifampicin; risk; rt017; saharan; samples; south; strains; studies; study; sub; surveillance; susceptibility; tandem; testing; therapy; time; total; town; toxigenic; toxin; transmission; treatment; tuberculosis; tuberculosis patients; vancomycin; variable; ward; xpert cache: ajlm-846.htm plain text: ajlm-846.txt item: #337 of 366 id: ajlm-853 author: None title: ajlm-853 date: None words: 5645 flesch: 49 summary: In many hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa, POCT is performed by clinical staff because of the limited availability of medical technologists, who are primarily employed in core laboratories with limited numbers, if any, involved in hospital POCT. Clinical staff are therefore at the forefront of hospital POCT in sub-Saharan Africa and a good source of information about the practices, successes, and limitations of hospital POCT in this setting. keywords: africa; applicable; aspects; audit; australia; available; blood; cape; care; care testing; chemical; clinical; clinics; control; current; data; department; devices; different; doctors; duties; focus; formal; general; glucose; guidelines; health; high; hospital; implementation; important; information; international; iso; knowledge; laboratory; limited; low; management; medical; nurses; nursing; operators; participants; pathology; patient; personnel; poct; point; practices; programmes; quality; questionnaire; questions; recording; respective; response; results; sites; south; specific; staff; stellenbosch; study; system; table; testing; tests; training; tygerberg; units; use; wards cache: ajlm-853.htm plain text: ajlm-853.txt item: #338 of 366 id: ajlm-854 author: None title: ajlm-854 date: None words: 2535 flesch: 53 summary: The performance of the ImmunoFLOW was comparable to other published reports on HSV-2 rapid tests, which reported sensitivities and specificities > 90%.11,12,13,14,15 Other published studies on HSV-2 rapid tests have not reported on the performance of those tests in the presence of other viral infections, such as HIV, or genital symptoms relating to infection. keywords: africa; antenatal; assay; blood; care; clinical; control; data; durban; elisa; herpes; herpeselect; hiv; hsv-2; immunoflow; immunosorbent; index; infections; kwazulu; laboratory; mandela; medicine; natal; negative; nelson; performance; point; positive; pregnant; prevalence; rapid; research; results; samples; school; simplex; south; south africa; study; table; test; testing; type; united; university; value; virus; women cache: ajlm-854.htm plain text: ajlm-854.txt item: #339 of 366 id: ajlm-86 author: None title: ajlm-86 date: None words: 856 flesch: 30 summary: Increased recognition of the importance of quality laboratory services and heightened governmental commitment to supporting laboratories are visible throughout the continent. The expansion of laboratory-related research, management, and policy discussion has led to a critical need for effective and timely communication that advances all aspects of laboratory science on the continent. keywords: accreditation; african; article; aslm; continent; critical; diseases; health; information; journal; laboratories; laboratory; management; medicine; policy; research; science; society; south cache: ajlm-86.htm plain text: ajlm-86.txt item: #340 of 366 id: ajlm-861 author: None title: ajlm-861 date: None words: 3023 flesch: 34 summary: Strengthening laboratory capacity for detection of respiratory viral pathogens through the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) framework. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v8i1.861 Lessons from the Field Strengthening laboratory capacity for detection of respiratory viral pathogens through the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) framework Brett Whitaker, Karen A. Alroy, Erica Guthrie, Sarah Schildecker, Susan Hiers, Jill Woodard, S. Arunmozhi Balajee Received: 10 July 2018; Accepted: 17 Jan. 2019; Published: 18 July 2019 Copyright: © 2019. keywords: acute; assays; atlanta; california; capacities; capacity; cdc; centers; control; countries; data; detection; diagnostics; disease; disease control; division; ftd33; georgia; ghsa; global; health; human; immunization; influenza; irr; kit; laboratories; laboratory; multiplex; national; outbreak; panel; pathogens; pcr; prevention; products; public; quality; reagents; real; respiratory; rrt; security; singleplex; specimens; states; surveillance; table; testing; time; training; united; united states; viral; virus; viruses cache: ajlm-861.htm plain text: ajlm-861.txt item: #341 of 366 id: ajlm-864 author: None title: ajlm-864 date: None words: 5398 flesch: 52 summary: We hypothesised that the use of a confirmatory serological test (RPPA) in addition to routinely used screening serological tests (BAPA, Card and SPT) would enable us to rule out positive reactions due to vaccination of tested animals, previous infection history, or cross reactions34 and thus figure out the true seroprevalence of brucellosis due to B. abortus and B. suis in this setting. Additionally, even though there was agreement between the three serological screening tests (Card, BAPA and SP) the different screening serological tests target a different cluster of antibodies, some of which are not recognised by the OIE. keywords: abortus; african; agglutination; ames; animal; antibodies; antigen; associated; b. abortus; bapa; bengal; blood; blood samples; bmc; brucella; brucellosis; canine; canis; card; card test; children; clinical; confirmatory; control; cross; data; detection; diagnostic; dis; dogs; endemic; et al; factors; febrile; glass; health; high; human; immunoglobulin; inch; infection; iowa; laboratory; livestock; malaria; med; milk; min; negative; nvsl; oie; patients; plate; positive; precipitation; region; residual; results; risk; rppa; rppa test; saharan; samples; screening; serological; seroprevalence; serum; setting; smear; spp; spt; states; strains; study; sub; suis; test; tested; uganda; united; use; veterinary cache: ajlm-864.htm plain text: ajlm-864.txt item: #342 of 366 id: ajlm-880 author: None title: ajlm-880 date: None words: 4774 flesch: 36 summary: The method was required to meet the standard requirements for sample analysis used to support clinical trials that incorporate nevirapine plasma concentration as an outcome measure.15 Methods Ethical considerations The method application was done using samples collected in 2013 at Parirenyatwa HIV Opportunistic Infections Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe for a project trial approved by the Joint Research Ethical Committee 130/10 in Harare, Zimbabwe, and the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe /B/255 in Harare, Zimbabwe (registration number NCT01410058). Results Method development Sample treatment was successful using protein precipitation (400 µL acetonitrile), and a minimal amount of plasma sample (180 µL) was sufficient for the method. keywords: accuracy; analysis; analyte; analytical; antiretrovirals; application; assay; bioinformatics; biomedical sciences; blank; buffalo; calibration; center; chromatography; clinical; college; column; concentrations; control; detection; development; different; drug; excellence; extraction; figure; global; harare; health; high; hiv; hplc; human; interference; internal; international; laboratory; lam; limited; liquid; lloq; mass; methanol; method; min; mobile; moringa; nevirapine; new; observed; oleifera; performance; pharmaceutical; pharmacology; pharmacy; phase; plasma; precision; quality; research; resource; retention; sample; school; sciences; sensitivity; setting; specialty; specificity; spectrometry; stability; standard; states; ultraviolet; united; university; use; validation; waters; york; zimbabwe; zimbabwe college cache: ajlm-880.htm plain text: ajlm-880.txt item: #343 of 366 id: ajlm-885 author: None title: ajlm-885 date: None words: 4591 flesch: 42 summary: However, many low-income countries lack adequate laboratory services at the community, district and even national levels, hence laboratories have been referred to as the ‘Achilles heel’ in efforts to combat disease.1 The World Health Organization (WHO) has included laboratory services in the ‘basic minimum package’ for health interventions in low-resource settings,2 and it is recommended to invest in integrated laboratory services, rather than Global health: Integrating national laboratory health systems and services in resource-limited settings. keywords: access; assessment; assurance; authors; biochemistry; blood; boston; capacity; care; central; clinic; community; comprehensive; control; countries; data; diagnostic; district; ebola; equipment; evd; facilities; figure; gaps; global; government; haematology; health; hiv; hospital; increase; infrastructure; inpatient; intervention; introduction; kgh; koidu; laboratories; laboratory; leone; level; low; malaria; massachusetts; med; medical; mohs; national; new; novel; organization; outbreak; outpatient; partners; patients; pih; procedures; programme; public; quality; referral; resource; services; sierra; staff; states; supplies; support; systems; testing; tests; training; tuberculosis; united; volumes; workers; world; year cache: ajlm-885.htm plain text: ajlm-885.txt item: #344 of 366 id: ajlm-889 author: None title: ajlm-889 date: None words: 3430 flesch: 40 summary: CCDC supports ongoing national surveillance for Ebola, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika and Lassa fever.7 Public Health England set out to renovate multiple Sierra Leone government laboratories in Sierra Leone, including the Connaught Hospital laboratory, the largest in Freetown. The CDC has established and supported training programmes ranging from field epidemiology training programme to an ecology and molecular diagnostics training programme with a university in Sierra Leone whose goal is to identify the animal reservoir of the Ebola virus.5 keywords: africa; aphl; author; building; capacity; cases; cdc; cphrl; diagnostic; disease; ebola; epidemic; equipment; evd; government; health; income; international; introduction; laboratories; laboratory; leone; maintenance; materials; mobile; mohs; molecular; mriglobal; national; numerous; organisations; outbreak; partners; phe; poor; programme; public; quality; refresher; resource; response; sierra; sierra leone; space; staff; states; support; surveillance; sustainable; systems; team; testing; trainees; training; united; use; virus; west; work cache: ajlm-889.htm plain text: ajlm-889.txt item: #345 of 366 id: ajlm-9 author: None title: ajlm-9 date: None words: 4338 flesch: 45 summary: In addition, the tool required the facilitator to document coaching provided to the SLMTA participant or other staff with regard to the improvement project, as well as in relation to other areas of laboratory improvement. This could result in the exclusion of laboratories from the SLMTA programme and a missed opportunity for laboratory improvement. keywords: accreditation; activities; afro; assessments; baseline; central; checklist; cohort; district; facilitators; figure; final; follow; health; improvement; laboratories; laboratory; lesotho; management; maseru; mohsw; national; participants; plan; process; programme; project; qau; quality; rating; sections; services; slipta; slmta; slmta programme; social; stars; table; time; training; visits; welfare cache: ajlm-9.htm plain text: ajlm-9.txt item: #346 of 366 id: ajlm-909 author: None title: ajlm-909 date: None words: 6216 flesch: 50 summary: Based on the surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme standard, the 2015 report should have been published by 2018.9 The programme itself, on which the South African reporting standard is based, is comprised of 11 registries in five states and six metropolitan areas in the United States which generate annual cancer data approximately 28 months after diagnosis.8 Both internationally and nationally, cancer surveillance is defined as an ongoing, timely, and systematic collection and analysis of cancer data to assess risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and cancer incidences and deaths.9 The aim of surveillance is to analyse and disseminate cancer data to identify challenges and opportunities in the delivery of timeous cancer control programmes.9 The cancer registry reporting is a time-intensive process requiring trained coders to review each narrative biopsy report individually and to manually add the applicable ICD-O-3 codes to the reporting system.15 This can take hundreds of hours of manual database building to report PCa data. keywords: adenocarcinoma; africa; analysed; analysis; authors; available; benign; biopsies; biopsy; cancer; cassim; code; coding; combinations; control; corporation; data; descriptions; descriptive; diagnosis; diseases; district; example; extract; faculty; feb; figure; findings; gauteng; glencross; health; histological; homepage; icd; incidence; inflammation; information; institute; international; internet; johannesburg; laboratory; lookup; lookup tables; malignant; medicine; microsoft; narrative; national; new; nomenclature; number; o-3; organization; origin; pathology; patients; pca; populated; programme; prostate; prostatic; province; registry; reporting; research; results; sciences; snomed; south; study; sub; surveillance; systemized; table; text; time; timely; unique; use; variables; world cache: ajlm-909.htm plain text: ajlm-909.txt item: #347 of 366 id: ajlm-91 author: None title: ajlm-91 date: None words: 3292 flesch: 42 summary: FIGURE 1: Flow diagram illustrating IALCH laboratory IFE requesting process. The soaring costs of laboratory testing, accompanied by increased demand, result in laboratory management having to perform intense scrutiny of test request practices, including reflex and reflective testing. keywords: addition; africa; alpha-2; authors; cell; clinical; clinicians; data; electrophoresis; findings; globulin; histories; hospital; hypogammaglobulinaemia; ialch; ife; ifes; immunofixation; information; laboratory; monoclonal; pathologist; patients; plasma; population; positive; practice; presence; prevalence; protein; ratio; reflective; reflex; request; results; samples; serum; south; spep; study; suggested; suspicious; testing; tests cache: ajlm-91.htm plain text: ajlm-91.txt item: #348 of 366 id: ajlm-915 author: None title: ajlm-915 date: None words: 1283 flesch: 53 summary: Building resources to meet evolving laboratory medicine challenges in Africa References About the Author(s) Iruka N. Okeke Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Citation Okeke IN. Building resources to meet evolving laboratory medicine challenges in Africa. keywords: afr; afr j; africa; building; care; case; challenges; diagnostic; disease; drug; hiv; human; issue; j lab; lab; laboratories; laboratory; medicine; mtisi; new; okeke; patients; quality; question; resistant; resources; sequencing; time; zhou cache: ajlm-915.htm plain text: ajlm-915.txt item: #349 of 366 id: ajlm-916 author: None title: ajlm-916 date: None words: 2458 flesch: 45 summary: Conclusion Although HSV1 infection in burns patients has been described in other international settings, a literature review showed that the illness has not been well described in the South African setting. Discussion The presentation of HSV1 infection in this cluster was atypical for several reasons. keywords: africa; authors; burns; care; cases; cluster; communicable; diseases; electron; figure; health; herpes; hospital; hsv1; illness; infections; institute; investigation; johannesburg; july; laboratory; lesions; maculopapular; management; measles; microscopy; national; paediatric; patients; presentation; rash; review; simplex; south; south africa; testing; transmission; type; varicella; vesicular; virus; viruses; wounds cache: ajlm-916.htm plain text: ajlm-916.txt item: #350 of 366 id: ajlm-922 author: None title: ajlm-922 date: None words: 4501 flesch: 47 summary: Several examples of rural diagnostic laboratory and specimen referral systems have been described in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and Vietnam.4 Our experience demonstrates that laboratory services can be affordable and most components already exist, even in rural areas. keywords: access; antenatal; areas; available; basic; blood; care; cell; clinics; community; data; day; demand; diagnostic; disease; facilities; female; frimpong; ghana; health; healthcare; hiv; hospital; initiative; insurance; laboratories; laboratory; local; low; medicine; model; motorbike; national; network; new; nhis; number; patients; pregnant; public; quality; rapid; referral; research; resource; results; riders; rural; samples; services; settings; sickle; specimen; staff; sustainability; system; table; testing; tests; tli; tropical; women; workers; york cache: ajlm-922.htm plain text: ajlm-922.txt item: #351 of 366 id: ajlm-924 author: None title: ajlm-924 date: None words: 1891 flesch: 42 summary: When AMR surveillance data are published in a journal, compared with submitting national data to a supra-governmental organisation, these data need not be fully comprehensive or subscribe to a predetermined list of pathogens or antimicrobials. We are pleased to find that the special issue’s Call for Papers increased the overall frequency of submissions in this area and so subsequent regular issues of the journal are likely to continue the exposition of AMR surveillance in Africa that this issue has initiated. keywords: action; afr j; africa; amr; antimicrobial; articles; control; countries; data; disease; edition; glass; health; healthcare; implementation; issue; j lab; laboratories; lack; local; medical; national; need; okeke; organization; pathogens; quality; research; resistance; resources; review; special; support; surveillance; systematic; systems; university; use; warwick cache: ajlm-924.htm plain text: ajlm-924.txt item: #352 of 366 id: ajlm-929 author: None title: ajlm-929 date: None words: 3272 flesch: 41 summary: Handbook on tuberculosis laboratory diagnostic methods in the European Union – Updated 2018 Similar studies performed in Brazil (in 1999, 2006, and 2018) and Peru (in 2007) also found significant differences between the contamination rates obtained with OK and with standard mycobacterial culture methods, again showing that the OK method is efficient in recovering mycobacteria and efficiently killing contaminants.8,9,10,11 keywords: agreement; available; caniço; capacity; cases; contaminated; contamination; culture; data; diagnosis; evaluation; general; health; high; hospital; instituto; isolation; kudoh; laboratories; laboratory; limited; maputo; marracuene; media; method; microscopy; mozambique; mycobacterial; mycobacterial culture; nalc; naoh; national; ogawa; ok method; patients; polana; positive; predictive; rate; reference; results; rev; samples; saúde; sensitivity; smear; specificity; standard; study; testing; tuberculosis; tuberculosis reference; units cache: ajlm-929.htm plain text: ajlm-929.txt item: #353 of 366 id: ajlm-934 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2018-12-05 words: 699 flesch: 23 summary: As such, the identification and selection of reviewers who have expertise and interest in the topics appropriate to each manuscript are essential elements in ensuring a timely, productive peer review process. In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: access; african; andrew; appropriate; bio; contact; details; diallo; emmanuel; expertise; george; https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/user; interest; john; joseph; journal; laboratory; manuscript; medicine; peer; process; publication; reviewer; robert; sandra; selection; singh; tel; timely; website; william cache: ajlm-934.pdf plain text: ajlm-934.txt item: #354 of 366 id: ajlm-935 author: None title: ajlm-935 date: None words: 5510 flesch: 40 summary: This article describes I-HAB’s experience in engaging two H3Africa projects from August 2013 through May 2017 in preparation for Phase II.10 Methods The NIH assigned I-HAB six research projects including Project A – a CRS located in Tanzania (not included in this study), Nigeria, and Ghana, with the project’s central laboratory hub (clinical research sites sends biospecimens to laboratory hubs for processing, testing or storage) in Ghana – and Project B, with a CRS and laboratory hub in Nigeria. Pilot study Following training and mentorship, I-HAB piloted exercises with Project A and Project B to determine preparedness for biospecimen deposition. keywords: abuja; acceptable; assessment; best; biobanking; biological; biorepository; biospecimens; clinical; collection; concentration; continuous; contractor; crss; data; day; department; dna; documents; dry; ethical; exercises; ghana; h3africa; hab; health; high; hub; human; improvement; institute; international; isber; laboratory; management; medicine; mentorship; monitoring; needs; nigeria; nih; non; phase; pilot; practices; problems; procedures; processes; processing; project; project b; protocol; purity; quality; recommendations; requirements; research; results; samples; shipment; shipping; sites; staff; standards; states; storage; study; table; technician; temperature; training; transport; united; university; virology cache: ajlm-935.htm plain text: ajlm-935.txt item: #355 of 366 id: ajlm-937 author: None title: ajlm-937 date: None words: 2705 flesch: 37 summary: Likewise, Nkengasong et al., emphasise that quality laboratory systems are needed to achieve the Millennial Development Goals for health and meet universal access for treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.2 Similarly, the International Standardization Organization (ISO) 15189 accreditation is recognised as the gold standard for measuring laboratory quality globally.3 One of the factors mentioned by both participants and experts is a perceived, or real, lack of knowledge by both laboratory managers and laboratory staff on QMS. keywords: accreditation; administration; analysis; categories; content; control; critical; csfs; data; expert; factors; health; hospital; implementation; improvement; knowledge; laboratories; laboratory; management; managers; medical; mentorship; methods; panel; participants; process; project; qms; quality; quantitative; ranking; reliability; research; responses; results; services; staff; study; success; support; systems; table; training; vietnam; vietnamese cache: ajlm-937.htm plain text: ajlm-937.txt item: #356 of 366 id: ajlm-939 author: None title: ajlm-939 date: None words: 4467 flesch: 54 summary: Higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against KSHV in KS patients compared to asymptomatic individuals from Zambia. Approximately 95% of KS cases can be detected using a polymerase chain reaction. keywords: africa; age; aids; analysis; antiretroviral; authors; biopsies; blocks; cancer; cases; chain; clinical; control; data; detection; diagnosis; distribution; dna; eosin; epidemiology; et al; features; gene; haematoxylin; hallmark; herpesvirus; hhv-8; histology; hiv; hiv-1; hospital; human; identification; immune; infection; int; kaposi; kaposi sarcoma; kenya; kenyatta; kshv; lesions; like; lytic; med; men; microscopic; morphological; nairobi; national; nested; nodular; number; odds; orf75; orf75 gene; patchy; patients; pcr; plaque; plos; polymerase; positive; presence; present; prevalence; r.n.d; ratio; reaction; results; sarcoma; significant; study; technique; therapy; tissue; treatment; university; use; virol; women; years cache: ajlm-939.htm plain text: ajlm-939.txt item: #357 of 366 id: ajlm-943 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 7, No 1 (2018) date: 2018-12-14 words: 860 flesch: -5 summary: December 2018 Case Study Ecthyma gangrenosum on the face of a malnourished child with Pseudomonas sepsis: Simulating Cancrum oris Khadijat O. Isezuo, Usman M. Sani, Usman M. Waziri, Bilkisu I. Garba, Yahaya Mohammed, Joy F. Legbo, Nazish P. Aquil, Fatima I. Abubakar, Memuna Omar African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 7, No 1 | a756 | 05 December 2018 Brief Report Detection of the Janus kinase 2 V617F mutation using a locked nucleic-acid, real-time polymerase chain reaction assay Tshiphiri Senamela, Marleen Kock, Piet Becker, Joachim J.C. Potgieter African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 7, No 1 | a658 | 31 January 2018 Brief Report Common uropathogens among diabetic patients with urinary tract infection at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda Barbara I. Nabaigwa, Bashir Mwambi, John Okiria, Caesar Oyet African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 7, No 1 | a621 | 09 February 2018 Brief Report Human parvovirus B19-induced anaemia in pre-school children in Ilorin, Nigeria Oluwaseyi S. Ashaka, Olajide O. Agbede, Adesuyi A. Omoare, Samuel K. Ernest African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 7, No 1 | a615 | 10 May 2018 Brief Report External Quality Assessment Programme for Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV-1, Mozambique, 2011–2014 Nalia Ismael, Orvalho Augusto, Adolfo Vubil, Sofia O. Viegas, Fernanda Miambo, Patrina Chongo, Nédio Mabunda African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 7, No 1 | a664 | 11 October 2018 Brief Report Assessment of International Consensus Group for Haematology smear review rules among patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Johannesburg, South Africa AJLM 7(1)_Contents.indd http://www.ajlmonline.org Open Access Table of Contents i Original Research Evaluation of standard diagnostic rapid test kits for malaria diagnosis among HIV patients in Kano, Nigeria Henry A. Mbah, Feyisayo E. Jegede, Surajudeen A. Abdulrahman, Tinuade I. Oyeyi African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 7, No 1 | a698 | 05 keywords: african journal; brief; cassim; coetzee; contents; deborah; december; diagnostic; glencross; glencross african; laboratory medicine; lindi; malaria; naseem; nigeria; november; original; original research; patients; report; research; south; table; test; vol; | a698 cache: ajlm-943.pdf plain text: ajlm-943.txt item: #358 of 366 id: ajlm-944 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 7, No 2 (2018) date: 2018-12-11 words: 777 flesch: -10 summary: 86 Page i of i Table of Contents i Editorial Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Africa: Successes, gaps and a roadmap for the future Samuel Kariuki, Karen H. Keddy, Martin Antonio, Iruka N. Okeke African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 7, No 2 | a924 | 06 December 2018 Review Article An overview of antimicrobial resistance surveillance among healthcare-associated pathogens in South Africa Ashika Singh-Moodley, Husna Ismail, Olga Perovic African Journal of Laboratory Medicine | Vol 7, No 2 | a741 | 06 keywords: african journal; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; article; december; ismail; laboratory medicine; lessons; opinion; original; original research; research; resistance; resistance surveillance; review; south; surveillance; toure; tuberculosis; vol cache: ajlm-944.pdf plain text: ajlm-944.txt item: #359 of 366 id: ajlm-947 author: None title: ajlm-947 date: None words: 5470 flesch: 47 summary: Study design A retrospective descriptive study design was used to analyse and report laboratory TAT data for a specific set of tests (Table 1). Using laboratory data to categorise CD4 laboratory turn-around-time performance across a national programme. keywords: 75th; additional; africa; analytical; article; authors; available; axis; basket; bubble; business; cassim; cdw; chart; coetzee; component; cut; dashboard; data; delivery; development; efficiency; example; figure; glencross; health; hours; individual; information; interactive; johannesburg; laboratories; laboratory; level; lis; management; managers; mean; medicine; meet; microstrategy; national; nhls; offs; percentile; performance; quality; reporting; reports; results; review; samples; service; set; size; snapshot; south; specific; steps; study; table; tat; tat cut; tat data; test; testing; time; timely; turn; use; volumes; weekly cache: ajlm-947.htm plain text: ajlm-947.txt item: #360 of 366 id: ajlm-948 author: None title: ajlm-948 date: None words: 5313 flesch: 44 summary: The hypothesis was that an interactive TAT dashboard delivering week-by-week information about laboratory TAT provides the impetus for continuous service review and implementation of appropriate corrective action, where required, to ensure the timeliness of laboratory reporting. Laboratory turnaround time. keywords: 75th; action; additional; africa; analysis; approaches; appropriate; apr; available; care; cause; clin; coetzee; corporation; corrective; creatinine; cut; dashboard; data; delays; described; diagram; edx; effect; efficiency; example; figure; following; health; high; homepage; impact; implementation; important; improvement; information; interactive; internet; intervention; johannesburg; laboratories; laboratory; lean; level; management; managers; microsoft; national; outliers; patient; percentile; performance; phase; post; process; quality; reporting; reports; results; review; root; samples; service; size; south; staff; study; system; tail; tat; testing; tests; time; total; turnaround; volume; week; weekly cache: ajlm-948.htm plain text: ajlm-948.txt item: #361 of 366 id: ajlm-97 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers of Volume 1, Issue 1 date: 2013-02-07 words: 585 flesch: 27 summary: AJLM African Journal of Laboratory Medicine In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for The African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on www. ajlmonline.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. Amadou Sall Aminata Sall- Diallo Jean-Louis Sankale Souleymane Sanon Abdoulaye Sarr Aly Savadogo Barry Schoub Connie Sexton Savitri Sharma Tom Shinnick Elijah Songok John David Sorkin Sanon Souleymane Wendy Stevens Lizzie Tchongwe Kevin Tetteh Andrew Thaiyah Oyewale Tomori Daniel Tullo David Turgeon Nzovu Ulenga Kathleen Victoir Anne von Gottberg Diane Waku-Kouomou Ndadilnasiya Endie Waziri Burton Wilcke Daniel Asrat Woldetsadik Nicole Wolter Chunfu Yang Clement Zeh Should names have inadvertently been excluded from this list the publisher apologises and undertakes to amend the exclusion in the next issue. keywords: +27; access; african; ajlmonline.org; ali; barbara; campos; contact; daniel; david; details; eric; interest; jean; jemal; john; journal; julius; kariuki; laboratory; linda; luc; medicine; milijaona; ochola; open; page; peter; reviewer; sanon; souleymane; user; walter; website; william cache: ajlm-97.pdf plain text: ajlm-97.txt item: #362 of 366 id: ajlm-974 author: None title: ajlm-974 date: None words: 4739 flesch: 45 summary: As there are very few publications describing the creation of pathologist training programmes in Africa,4,5,6 FIGURE 1: Programme map for development of MMed programme, Zambia, 2010–2016. keywords: access; africa; anatomic; appropriate; article; challenges; clinical; college; copecsa; costs; countries; country; course; creation; crucial; curriculum; department; development; difficult; education; example; external; funding; government; health; hospital; impossible; issues; kingdom; laboratory; lessons; local; lusaka; medical; medicine; ministry; need; new; non; number; pathologists; pathology; placements; population; postgraduate; programme; regional; resources; service; shortage; significant; staff; students; support; teaching; time; trainees; training; united; university; year; zambia cache: ajlm-974.htm plain text: ajlm-974.txt item: #363 of 366 id: ajlm-975 author: None title: ajlm-975 date: None words: 6154 flesch: 47 summary: Lower expression was observed for miR-let-7b in EBV mono-infection, miR-143 in HPV mono-infection and miR-125b in HSV-2 mono-infection (Figure 2a–c), when compared with other viral mono-infections. Higher expression of p53 was observed among participants who were seropositive for EBV and HPV mono-infections (p = 0.014) but lower among those seropositive for EBV-HPV-HSV-2 tri-infection when compared with those who were seronegative for the three viruses (Figure 3a). keywords: babcock; barr; biomarkers; cancer; carcinoma; cd4; cell; cervical; control; counts; cut; department; ebv; ebv mono; elisa; emt; epstein; expression; figure; gel; gene; group; health; herpes; higher; hiv; hpv; hpv infection; hpv mono; hsv-2; human; individuals; infection; internal; ki67; laboratory; let-7b; lower; medical; microrna; mir-125b; mir-145; mir-182; mir-200c; mir-21; mirnas; mono; negative; nigeria; overexpression; p =; p53; papillomavirus; participants; positive; primer; results; reverse; samples; scca1; science; serum; sex; significant; simplex; state; status; study; tri; tumour; united; university; values; viral; viral co; viral infection; viral mono; virus; viruses; women cache: ajlm-975.htm plain text: ajlm-975.txt item: #364 of 366 id: ajlm-979 author: None title: ajlm-979 date: None words: 4540 flesch: 37 summary: Recommendations The establishment of a regional college of pathology in ECSA is a first step in harmonising pathology training and standardising the practice of pathology within the region. Furthermore, the proposed accreditation of training sites lends itself to improvement in the quality of pathology training and subsequent practice. keywords: africa; anatomical; apecsa; bdiap; cancer; central; college; committee; constitution; copecsa; council; countries; curriculum; department; development; disease; east; east central; education; establishment; examinations; executive; fellows; future; goals; health; hospital; institutions; international; issues; kenya; laboratory; lessons; medical; medicine; meeting; member; nairobi; order; pathologists; pathology; plan; practice; process; programme; quality; rcpath; region; regional; research; saharan; sayed; services; sickle; southern; southern africa; standards; steering; strategic; sub; support; tanzania; time; training; united; university; zambia cache: ajlm-979.htm plain text: ajlm-979.txt item: #365 of 366 id: ajlm-991 author: None title: ajlm-991 date: None words: 4084 flesch: 43 summary: Quality control of CSE antibiotic discs was done using E. coli American Type Culture Collection 25922 and a laboratory-characterised sensitive isolate of Acinetobacter baumanii (Strain no. AHRR1205/2017). 2015;8:1–4. Arora S, Munshi N. Comparative assessment of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram negative pathogens isolated from intensive care unit patients in Pune. keywords: acinetobacter; adjuvant; antibiotic; antimicrobial; baumanii; carbapenem; care; cases; ceftriaxone; clinical; coli; combination; cse; data; delhi; disc; disodium; drug; edetate; enterobacteriaceae; esbl; esbland; extended; february; gnb; gram; health; hospital; india; infections; institute; isolates; june; kumar; laboratory; lactamases; mbl; mdr; meropenem; multi; negative; new; organisms; pathogens; pneumoniae; present; prevalence; producers; resistant; samples; sensitivity; spectrum; standards; study; sulbactam; susceptibility; table; tertiary; tract; use; vitro; zone cache: ajlm-991.htm plain text: ajlm-991.txt item: #366 of 366 id: ajlm-997 author: None title: ajlm-997 date: None words: 5468 flesch: 45 summary: We aimed to determine antifungal susceptibility of gastrointestinal Candida isolates from DM patients with persistent diarrhoea at St. Francis Hospital Nsambya. Antifungal susceptibility of gastrointestinal Candida isolates A total of 25 of the 37 isolates (67.6%) were susceptible to fluconazole and 3/37 (8.1%) isolates were resistant to fluconazole. keywords: agar; age; albicans; allied; allied health; antibiotics; antifungal; association; atcc; authors; available; blood; candida; candidiasis; cards; care; clarke; clarke international; clinical; clotrimazole; control; corticosteroids; cross; culture; data; department; diabetes; diabetic; factors; faculty; female; fluconazole; gastrointestinal; gastrointestinal candidiasis; glabrata; glucose; glycaemic; glycated; growth; haemoglobin; health; health sciences; higher; hospital; immune; india; infections; international; international health; international university; isolates; itraconazole; kampala; krusei; laboratory; levels; med; medical; mellitus; methods; miconazole; non; numbers; nystatin; oral; participants; patients; poor; positive; prevalence; resistance; results; review; sciences; sciences university; sectional; species; specimens; stool; studies; study; susceptibility; susceptible; table; testing; therapy; treatment; tropicalis; type; uganda; university; use; years cache: ajlm-997.htm plain text: ajlm-997.txt