id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
ajlm-1296	Zahran, Asmaa M.; Nafady-Hego, Hanaa; Moeen, Sawsan M.; Eltyb, Hanan A.; Wahman, Mohammed M.; Nafady, Asmaa	Higher proportion of non-classical and intermediate monocytes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in Egypt: A possible prognostic marker	2021		.htm	text/html	4596	212	44	The increased peripheral monocytes in MM patients may inhibit antitumor immune responses and increase tumour aggression.2,3 Human peripheral blood monocytes are a heterogeneous population, as they differ in their phenotype, surface marker expression, and function.8 They can be classified based on the fluorescent intensities of CD16 and CD14 into three distinct populations, including classical monocytes (CD16−CD14++), intermediate monocytes (CD16+CD14++), and non-classical monocytes (CD16++CD14+).9 Circulating non-classical monocytes have been observed to increase in some autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis,10,11 and the frequency of intermediate monocytes has been associated with bone erosion in patients with psoriatic arthritis.12 In oncology settings, the intermediate monocytes have been reported to play a crucial role in patients with MM,9,13 and the proportion of intermediate monocytes increased proportionately with the tumour load.14,15 Myeloma cells produce toll-like receptor ligands that cause the expansion of non-classical monocytes in MM patients.16 Our results are similar to those of a study in 2015 in France that found an increased frequency of CD14+/++ CD16+ monocytes in 20 MM patients compared to healthy volunteers; however, they did not find a correlation between the monocyte subsets and circulating or bone marrow plasma cell counts.15 Similarly, a study in Norway in 2015 found that the proportion of non-classical monocytes increased with tumour load in MM patients (n = 12) and suggested that non-classical monocytes could maintain the development of myeloma cells.16	cache/ajlm-1296.htm	txt/ajlm-1296.txt