# ajopa: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called ajopa.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

> Assessment; Scale; Test; Item; Model; Items; Health; Data; Validity; Performance; Reliability; Scores; Children; Reviewer; Personality; Group; Methods

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

## Assessment

- Editorial: Psychological assessment in Africa: The time is now! by Laher, Sumaya (2019) - Editorial: Psychological assessment in Africa: https://doi.org/10.4102/ajopa.v1i0.11 Editorial Editorial: Psychological assessment in Africa: Keywords: africa; assessment; laher; psychology; research; south
- Looking inward: Reflections on the African Journal of Psychological Assessment and the way forward by Laher, Sumaya (2022) - Given that the journal is only in its fourth issue and has its origins at the PsySSA, the dominance of South African research was expected. In this fourth volume of the journal, Pretorius (2022) discusses the validity of a loneliness scale to be used among emerging adults in the Western Cape, South Africa finding that the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale does have some merits for the South African context. Keywords: africa; assessment; journal; research; scale; south
- Table of Contents Vol 4 (2022) by Office, Editorial (2022) - | Vol 4 | a73 | 24 February 2022 Original Research Psychometric description of the Life Orientation Test-Revised in a South African sample: A pilot study Charles H. van Wijk African Journal of Psychological Assessment Factor structure and dimensionality Tyrone B. Pretorius African Journal of Psychological Assessment | Vol 4 | a63 | 10 January 2022 Original Research Factor structure of the Dispositional Hope Scale amongst South Africans: An exploratory structural equation modelling study Itumeleng P. Khumalo, Tharina Guse African Journal of Psychological Assessment | Vol 4 | a66 | 31 January 2022 Original Research Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Exploring the impact of demographic variables, internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity in a South African sample Elisabeth Kirkbride, Aline Ferreira-Correia, Mlinganisi Sibandze African Journal of Psychological Assessment Keywords: assessment; journal; vol
- Cross-cultural cognitive assessment: Data from Africa by Cockcroft, Kate (2023) - In addition, problems with intentional and unintentional racial, ethnic, linguistic and socioeconomic discrimination caused by cognitive tests and their users are well documented (Cockcroft, 2020; Laher & Cockcroft, 2013). In organising the book in this manner, the authors acknowledge that the multifunctional nature of cognitive tests makes their separation into distinct functional modalities artificial but is necessary in order to impose organisational structure on the vast information. Keywords: assessment; book; data; test
- Situating international histories of psychological assessment in a changed scientific landscape by Maree, David J.F. (2023) - Psychology as science Laher (2022, p. 359) in Chapter 19, claims that most of those working with assessment and assessment development are guided by ‘… by a particular way of understanding science as espoused by the scientists working within modernist assumptions of what science should be’. Situating international histories of psychological assessment in a changed scientific landscape Book Review Situating international histories of psychological assessment in a changed scientific landscape Book Title: International histories of psychological assessment Keywords: assessment; chapter; histories; history; psychology; science
- Experiences of experts in intelligence measurement of South African school learners by Van der Merwe, Ilze; Erasmus, Petro; De Klerk, Werner (2024) - The aim of this research study was to use a qualitative interpretive description research design to explore and describe the experiences of both experts in intelligence test development and/or adaptation as well as psychologists and psychometrists who have administered intelligence tests to South African school learners in various contexts. The first consisted of professional experts with knowledge and experience in developing and/or adapting intelligence tests for reasons such as standardised norming, updating, or adapting. Keywords: african; assessment; contexts; female; instruments; intelligence; learners; participant; psychologist; research; research psychologist; school; school learners; south; south africa; test
- Montreal Cognitive Assessment test: Psychometric analysis of a South African workplace sample by van Wijk, Charles H.; Meintjes, Willem A.J.; Muller, Chris J.B. (2024) - In summary (Beath et al., 2018; Kirkbride et al., 2022; Mienie, 2020; Robbins et al., 2013), the total mean scores for cognitively healthy groups were consistently below the established cut-off score for MCI, thus inaccurately identifying people as MCI even though they were cognitively healthy. Sala et al., 2020, for summary), with Cronbach’s α of 0.62–0.64 for South African samples reported (Beath et al., 2018; Kirkbride et al., 2022). Keywords: analysis; assessment; domain; english; et al; gender; invariance; language; moca; montreal; sample; scores; south; study; test; total
- Story-linked item design in tablet-based assessment for preschool children: Insights from testing by Marais, Rivca; Stroud, Louise; Foxcroft, Cheryl; Cronje, Johan; Jansen, Jennifer (2024) - Discussion Results of this study revealed fine-grained differences in the difficulty levels of digital test items among 3, 4, and 5-year-old children for the Shoes on Shelf item and the Price Tag items. Digital items showed a degree of responsiveness to various factors, suggesting a potential influence on test taking performance which contributes to the necessity of re-imagining item and test development in the digital age. Keywords: age; assessment; children; data; development; digital; group; item; performance; shelf; shoes; test; touch; year
- Table of Contents Vol 5 (2023) by Office, Editorial (2024) - | Vol 5 | a111 | 11 January 2023 Review Article Psychometric properties of the Flourishing Scale for South African first-year students Karina Mostert, Leon T. de Beer, Ronalda de Beer African Journal of Psychological Assessment | Vol 5 | a130 | 24 March 2023 Review Article Adolescent hope and optimism: A scoping review of measures and their psychometric properties Esther J. Chongwo, Ezra K. Too, Adam A. Mabrouk, Amina Abubakar African Journal of Psychological Assessment | Vol 5 | a137 | 26 September 2023 Original Research A Rasch analysis of the High Potential Trait Indicator: A South African sample David S. Semmelink, David J.F. Maree African Journal of Psychological Assessment | Vol 5 | a115 | 08 February 2023 Original Research Psychometric properties of the Harmony in Life Scale in South African and Ghanaian samples Amanda Cromhout, Lusilda Schutte, Marié P. Wissing, Angelina Wilson Fadiji, Tharina Guse, Sonia Mbowa African Journal of Psychological Assessment | Vol 5 | a122 | 28 February 2023 Original Research Exploring the Emotional Dysregulation Scale-Short Form in isolated, confined, and extreme environments Charles H. van Wijk African Journal of Psychological Assessment Keywords: assessment; vol
- Towards transformation of psychological assessment practices in South Africa by Munnik, Erica (2024) - Book Review Towards transformation of psychological assessment practices in South Africa Book Title: Introduction to psychological assessment in the South African Context Authors: Foxcroft, C., & De Kock, F. S. (Eds.) ISBN: 9780190418595 Publisher: Oxford University Press, Southern Africa, 2023, R 585.00* *Book price at time of review Review Title: Towards transformation of psychological assessment practices in South Africa Reviewer: Erica Munnik1 Affiliation: 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa Corresponding author: Erica Munnik, emunnik@uwc.ac.za How to cite this book review: Munnik, E. (2024). Towards transformation of psychological assessment practices in South Africa. Keywords: africa; assessment; chapter; south; text
- Assessment Futures: Reflections on the next decade of Psychological Assessment in South Africa by Laher, Sumaya (2024) - Psychological assessment in South Africa: 1994–2024 Psychological assessment imperatives going forward Leveraging technology to enhance psychological assessment in South Africa Concluding thoughts References About the Author(s) Sumaya Laher Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Laher, S. (2024). Assessment futures: Reflections on the next decade of psychological assessment in South Africa. Keywords: africa; assessment; laher; press; south; south africa; technology; test; use
- Ensuring ethical test use in South Africa: The role of Assessment Standards South Africa by Laher, Sumaya; De Beer, Marié; Maree, David J.F.; Bischof, David A. (2025) - Assessment Standards South Africa’s activities are not limited to psychological tests but extend to all assessment procedures, as specified in the Employment Equity Act (Government Gazette, 1998). Assessment Standards South Africa offers a best practice model for test reviews to ensure responsible and ethical use of tests in South Africa. Keywords: africa; assa; assessment; review; south; south africa; standards; test
- Table of Contents Vol 6 (2024) by Office, Editorial (2025) - | Vol 6 | a150 | 17 July 2024 Original Research Reliability, validity and dimensionality of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire among South African healthcare workers Clement N. Kufe, Colleen Bernstein, Kerry Wilson African Journal of Psychological Assessment | Vol 6 | a154 | 28 May 2024 Original Research Systematic comparison of resilience scales using retrospective reports: A practical case study using South African data Charles H. van Wijk African Journal of Psychological Assessment Keywords: assessment; journal; vol
- Piloting the PuzzleBox Screener for preschool assessment in the Eastern Cape, South Africa by Marais, Rivca; Jansen, Jennifer M. (2025) - Cognitive domain The psychometric evaluation of the cognitive items, as illustrated in Table 1, indicated that 11 of the 20 items showed acceptable to strong factor loadings (0.40 to 0.77), good to high discrimination (1.650 to 3.650) and difficulty levels ranging from slightly easy to ideal (–1.911 to 0.101), indicating strong measurement properties. TABLE 1: Cognitive domain: Factor loadings, item discrimination and item difficulty. TABLE 2: Language domain: Factor loadings, item discrimination and item difficulty. Keywords: african; assessment; children; development; difficulty; discrimination; domain; factor; items; loadings; puzzlebox; screener; south; tool
- The need for contextually appropriate career counselling assessment: Using narrative approaches in career counselling assessment in African contexts by Maree, Kobus (2020) - Keywords: narrative approaches in career counselling; assessment in Global South contexts; quantitative approaches; enhancing contextual relevance; innovation in career counselling assessment. Abstract Introduction The need for updating local research on career counselling assessment theory and practice From climbing the career ladder to flourishing in unstructured and rapidly changing occupational contexts Factors that co-determine career theory development and assessment-related strategies Contextualising career counselling theory and practice in Global South contexts Innovating assessment in career counselling in Global South contexts The value of utilising and integrating qualitative and quantitative interventions Some caveats for the successful implementation of postmodern approaches to assessment (and intervention) in career counselling Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Kobus Maree Department of Industrial Psychology, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Citation Maree, K. (2020). Keywords: approach; assessment; career; career counselling; construction; contexts; counselling; life; maree; people; south; theory
- Relevance of the person-environment fit approach to career assessment in South Africa – A review by Bemath, Nabeelah (2020) - However, further research and development regarding the person-environment fit approach and other career counselling assessment approaches is required in order to move towards a more relevant career counselling assessment practice in South Africa. Additional considerations may be required for possible qualitative assessments, as research and evidence regarding qualitative career counselling assessments is limited, with most existing research lacking in rigour (McMahon, 2019) and located in Western contexts (McMahon, Watson, & Lee, 2019). Keywords: african; approach; assessment; bruin; career; context; counselling; maree; south; south africa; tests
- Table of Contents Vol 1 (2019) by Office, Editorial (2019) - | 17 October 2019 Original Research The Boston Naming Test-South African Short Form, Part I: Psychometric properties in a group of healthy English-speaking university students | Vol 1 | a10 | 18 July 2019 Keywords: assessment
- Gamification in psychological assessment in South Africa: A narrative review by Akoodie, Yaseerah (2020) - In addition, a consideration surrounds the scepticism related to gamified assessment as certain groups who may be tested may be less likely to play assessment games, for example, millennials are more drawn to play assessment games yet older candidates may be less familiar with the activity (Guy, 2019). With gamified assessment candidates may also complete the test at any location without any transport cost or potentially wasting time of the interviewer (Guy, 2019). Keywords: africa; assessment; candidates; data; example; game; gamification; individuals; information; journal; order; research; review; scoring; south; systems; test; use
- Ignorance is not an excuse – Irresponsible neurocognitive test use highlights the need for appropriate training by Cockcroft, Kate (2020) - Similarly, researchers and practitioners understand that neurocognitive tests need to be examined critically in terms of their validity as measures of neurocognition for the person with whom they are being used. Such unethical use, and interpretation, of neurocognitive tests and their latent constructs stems partly from the fact that the people using these are not trained in them (researchers from a department of sport science in the instance of the first article and from a business school in the second). Keywords: assessment; research; south; test; use
- The impact of COVID-19 on psychometric assessment across industry and academia in South Africa by Wigdorowitz, Mandy; Rajab, Pakeezah; Hassem, Tasneem; Titi, Neziswa (2021) - The impact of COVID-19 on psychometric assessment across industry and academia in South Africa. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajopa.v3i0.38 Original Research The impact of COVID-19 on psychometric assessment across industry and academia in South Africa Mandy Wigdorowitz, Pakeezah Rajab, Tasneem Hassem, Neziswa Titi Received: 15 Oct. 2020; Keywords: africa; assessment; health; pandemic; psychological; psychology; research; south; testing
- COVID-19 and psychological assessment teaching practices – Reflections from a South African university by Munnik, Erica; Smith, Mario; Adams Tucker, Leigh; Human, Wilmien (2021) - Course documents and reflective notes, generated during the adaptation of psychological assessment training, were used as the data source. Familiarity with the professional frameworks and minimum competency requirements for psychometric assessment practices was a facilitator of responsiveness and meaningful adaptation of the curriculum in the context of emergency response to the pandemic. Keywords: assessment; cape; case; covid-19; learning; professional; psychology; south; students; study; teaching; test; training; university
- Validation of the emotional social screening tool for school readiness by Munnik, Erica; Wagener, Emma; Smith, Mario (2021) - A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. FIGURE 1: Original and revised emotional social screening tool for school readiness domains. Keywords: africa; analysis; assessment; data; e3sr; factor; items; munnik; readiness; research; school; south; study
- Shifting assessment practices in the age of COVID-19 by Dowdeswell, Kim E.; Kriek, Hennie J. (2021) - Keywords: talent assessment practices; COVID-19; unproctored internet testing; virtual interviewing; remote working; digitalisation; retrenchment. The semi-structured interviews sought to gain a thorough understanding of the pandemic’s impact on clients’ businesses and covered several key aspects of talent management and business processes in addition to understanding the impact the pandemic and lockdown had on organisations’ hiring practices, talent assessment practices and adoption of new talent technologies (TTS Top Talent Solutions, 2020). Keywords: africa; assessment; covid-19; impact; organisations; practices; south; world
- Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Exploring the impact of demographic variables, internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity in a South African sample by Kirkbride, Elisabeth; Ferreira-Correia, Aline; Sibandze, Mlinganisi (2022) - There was a significant negative correlation between total MoCA score and age, rs = –0.28 (Table 2), indicating that as age increases, total MoCA scores decrease. A positive significant correlation was found between total MoCA score and years of education, rs = 0.38, suggesting that as years of education increases, so do total MoCA scores. Keywords: age; assessment; education; et al; group; moca; montreal; sample; scores; south; total; years
- Psychological assessment during and after the COVID-19 pandemic by August, Justin O.; Mashegoane, Solomon (2021) - Psychological assessment during and after the COVID-19 pandemic African Journal of Psychological Assessment, 3(0), a74. Psychology and psychological assessment in particular had to re-examine its processes. Keywords: africa; assessment; covid-19; pandemic; south; testing
- Advancing psychological assessment in Africa: Contributions from the African Journal of Psychological Assessment by Laher, Sumaya (2021) - If one examines the download trends, it is clear that the journal is increasingly becoming recognised as the forum for assessment research in Africa attracting consistently more readers and submissions. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent restrictions placed on individual movements and interactions have necessitated a rethinking in all fields in psychology including psychological assessment. Keywords: african; assessment; covid-19; journal; research; south
- Table of Contents Vol 3 (2021) by Office, Editorial (2021) - | Vol 3 | a88 | 15 November 2021 Original Research Over reliance on model fit indices in confirmatory factor analyses may lead to incorrect inferences about bifactor models: A cautionary note Tyrone B. Pretorius African Journal of Psychological Assessment | Vol 3 | a35 | | Vol 3 | a37 | 28 June 2021 1 3 7 17 26 34 Vol 3 (2021) ISSN: 2707-1618 (print) Keywords: assessment; journal; vol
- Acknowledgement to reviewers by Office, Editorial (2021) - It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to African Journal of Psychological Assessment. Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Psychological Assessment, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajopa.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. Keywords: assessment; journal; reviewer

## Scale

- Generalised anxiety disorder in adolescents in Ghana: Examination of the psychometric properties of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 scale by Adjorlolo, Samuel (2019) - This observation raises the possibility that a unidimensional structure of the GAD-7 will emerge in similar or related adolescent samples from Ghana (Adjorlolo et al., 2017a). Prevalence of anxiety disorders among Finnish primary care high utilizers and validation of Finnish translation of GAD-7 and GAD-2 screening tools. Keywords: adolescents; anxiety; disorder; factor; gad-7; ghana; health; invariance; properties; scale; study; validity
- Psychometric properties of the Brief Sailor Resiliency Scale in the South African Army by Schoeman, David J.; Cassimjee, Nafisa (2022) - As the SA Army is routinely involved in peacekeeping missions that often place great demands on the individual because of operation-related stressors (Koopman & Van Dyk, 2012), the screening and enhancement of individual soldier resilience during the predeployment phase is likely to hold substantial benefits for individuals functioning on deployment. Following Van Wijk and Martin’s (2019) findings regarding the utility of the BSRS amongst the SAN, this article explores the psychometric properties of the BSRS as a screening instrument to assess individual soldier resilience in the SA Army. Keywords: african; army; bsrs; et al; fitness; hardiness; military; resilience; sample; scale; south; stress; van
- Assessing the cognitive component of subjective well-being: Revisiting the satisfaction with life scale with classical test theory and item response theory by Pretorius, Tyrone B.; Padmanabhanunni, Anita (2022) - Measuring life satisfaction in Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls using the satisfaction with life scale. The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. Keywords: analysis; ctt; factor; indices; item; journal; life; life satisfaction; rasch; reliability; satisfaction; scale; south; study; swls; validity
- Exploring the Emotional Dysregulation Scale-Short Form in isolated, confined, and extreme environments by van Wijk, Charles H. (2023) - Consideration for practical use Priming: The two conditions in study 2 were equal in age, gender and BRUMS scores, but significantly different in EDS scores, depending on the order of administration. It has been used extensively, and a substantial body of literature exists on its use in many domains – from sports performance (Lane et al., 2005) to academic achievement (Thelwell et al., 2007), as well as a marker of mental health (Brandt et al., 2016). Keywords: dysregulation; eds; environments; et al; health; ice; item; language; performance; psychological; sample; scale; scores; self; study; validity
- A Brief Sailor Resiliency Scale for the South African Navy by van Wijk, Charles H.; Martin, Jarred H. (2019) - In other words, the future trajectory of military resilience measures is likely to be informed by what the researchers of this study regard as a ‘screen-and-stream’ (or SAS) approach, which allows MMHPs: (1) to screen military personnel comprehensively by means of a timeously administered, scored and analysed resilience measure and (2) to quickly identify and stream those military personnel whose resilience appears to be compromised towards further assessment and targeted intervention by appropriate MMHPs or support providers. Military resilience: A concept analysis. Keywords: bartone; bowen; bsrs; fitness; health; martin; measure; military; psychological; resilience; scale; south; support
- Psychometric properties of the Harmony in Life Scale in South African and Ghanaian samples by Cromhout, Amanda; Schutte, Lusilda; Wissing, Marié P.; Wilson Fadiji, Angelina; Guse, Tharina; Mbowa, Sonia (2023) - Wissing and Van Eeden (2002) found support for the unidimensional structure of the SWLS in South African samples, and reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.70, 0.83 and 0.85 for young adults (ages 18–35), middle adults (ages 36–64) and older adults (ages 65 and older), respectively. The study contributes to the understanding of harmony in life and the measurement thereof in diverse contexts, in this case specifically focused on African samples, and may, in turn, inform interventions and evaluation of interventions. Keywords: africa; et al; factor; harmony; health; hils; invariance; item; life; research; sample; scale; south; values
- Psychometric properties of the Flourishing Scale for South African first-year students by Mostert, Karina; de Beer, Leon T.; de Beer, Ronalda (2023) - Item bias (also referred to as differential item functioning [DIF]) occurs when respondents from different groups score differently on the item, even though they have the same standing on the underlying construct. This study tested the factorial validity, item bias, measurement invariance and reliability of the Flourishing Scale in a sample of 1088 South African first-year university students. Keywords: bias; campus; flourishing; groups; invariance; item; scale; south; students; study; uniform
- Adolescent hope and optimism: A scoping review of measures and their psychometric properties by Chongwo, Esther J.; Too, Ezra K.; Mabrouk, Adam A.; Abubakar, Amina (2023) - Introduction Adolescence is a critical stage characterised by socio-emotional, psychological, physical and intellectual growth and development (Bowers et al., 2010; Lerner et al., 2005; Snyder et al., 1997). Snyder et al. (1997) defined hope as belief in one’s abilities to seek for opportunities (pathway) in order to attain their goals (agency) (Snyder et al., 1997). Keywords: adolescents; development; et al; hope; journal; measures; optimism; properties; psychological; psychology; review; scale; studies; study; validity; youth
- Satisfied with teaching? Psychometric properties of the Teaching Satisfaction Scale by Pretorius, Tyrone B.; Padmanabhanunni, Anita; Jackson, Kyle M.; Faroa, Brendon D. (2023) - Studies on teacher well-being (Bartosiewicz et al., 2022; Sargent & Hannum, 2005) have emphasised the importance of addressing teacher job satisfaction, particularly given its association with improved student learning outcomes, increased job commitment, and reduced risk of leaving the profession. Various scales, such as the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) (Smith, 1969), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) (Brayfield & Rothe, 1951; Weiss et al., 1967), the War’s Job Satisfaction Scale (WJSS) (Warr et al., 1979), and Brayfield–Rothe Job Satisfaction Scale [BRJSS] (Brayfield & Rothe, 1951), have been developed to investigate teacher job satisfaction. Keywords: analysis; item; job; job satisfaction; mokken; rasch; reliability; research; satisfaction; scale; study; teachers; teaching; teaching satisfaction; tss; validity
- Psychometric evaluation of the self-undermining scale in South Africa using the Rasch model by Peral, Sergio L. (2025) - For local studies conducted in South Africa, cultural differences should be investigated using differential item functioning to explore whether perceptions of SU differ in South Africa compared to other regions, which might influence item responses and rating scale use. A Wright map is a person-item map showing the position of persons’ abilities and item difficulties along the latent trait on the same metric, making it possible to determine how well the items measure the attribute of each person being measured. Keywords: bakker; item; job; model; rasch; reliability; scale; self; south; undermining
- Examining the unidimensionality of the PHQ-9 with first responders: Evidence from different psychometric paradigms by Pretorius, Tyrone B.; Padmanabhanunni, Anita (2024) - This study examines the factor structure of the PHQ-9 among South African first responders using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with ancillary bifactor indices, parallel analysis and Mokken analysis. Keywords: depression; PHQ-9; confirmatory factor analysis; exploratory factor analysis; parallel analysis; Mokken analysis; unidimensionality; first responders. Keywords: analysis; bifactor; depression; factor; factor analysis; fit; indices; items; model; phq-9; scale; symptoms
- Intensive Parenting Behaviour Scale: Exploring its factor structure among South African mothers by Muller, Jacomien; Maree, David; Visser, Maretha (2025) - FIGURE 1: Intensive parenting behaviour factor structure – South African versus international. In the European and Western context, helicopter parenting emphasises close monitoring and is associated with excessive control and responsiveness to optimise child development and safety (Gomez Espino, 2013; Hays, 1996; Keywords: africa; analysis; autonomy; child; children; et al; factor; ipb; items; mothers; order; parenting; research; sample; scale; south; structure
- Methodological rigour and coherence in the construction of instruments: The emotional social screening tool for school readiness by Munnik, Erica; Smith, Mario R. (2019) - The operationalisation of DeVellis’s model through multiple methods might make the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of test construction accessible, understandable and easier to use in scale construction. Thus, a need exists for rigorous studies in scale construction that employ coherent design principles. Keywords: construction; data; instrument; model; phase; process; research; scale; step; study
- Usefulness of the English version of the Stress Overload Scale in a sample of employed South Africans by van Wijk, Charles H. (2021) - Keywords: anxiety; depression; occupational medicine; stress; stress overload scale; South Africa; workplace health. Validation of the stress overload scale and stress overload scale – Short form among a Setswana-speaking community in South Africa. Keywords: amirkhan; correlations; english; health; language; measures; overload; scale; sos; south; stress; validity; version
- Assessing psychological well-being measures among South African adults in the birth to twenty plus cohort by Mpondo, Feziwe; Wray, Charlotte; Norris, Shane A.; Stein, Aryeh D.; Stein, Alan; Richter, Linda M. (2021) - When to use agreement versus reliability measures. The satisfaction with life scale. Keywords: africa; efficacy; faith; health; hope; items; life; measures; reliability; satisfaction; scale; self; south; study; support
- Psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale amongst black South African university students by Makhubela, Malose; Mashegoane, Solomon (2021) - The CFA results lend support to a unidimensional factor structure of the scale (Ahorsu et al., 2020; Alyami et al., 2020; Elemo et al., 2020; A closer inspection of the items shows that they refer to physiological reactions because of COVID-19 fear (Alyami et al., 2020). Keywords: covid-19; et al; factor; fcv-19s; fear; health; mental; scale; students; university
- The applicability of the UCLA loneliness scale in South Africa: Factor structure and dimensionality by Pretorius, Tyrone B. (2022) - The latent structure of loneliness testing competing factor models of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in a large adolescent sample. Validation of the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale for adolescents. Keywords: bifactor; factor; fit; loneliness; ls3; model; scale; structure; subscales; ucla; ucla loneliness; variance
- Factor structure of the Dispositional Hope Scale amongst South Africans: An exploratory structural equation modelling study by Khumalo, Itumeleng P.; Guse, Tharina (2022) - This is notwithstanding the observation by Krafft et al. (2017, p. 3) that the ‘central questions in the design of hope studies have been the dimensionality and complexity (unidimensional or multidimensional) of the concept’. Through such approaches in different and representative samples, a better understanding of item functioning and dimensionality of hope scales in an African context can be gained. Keywords: analysis; cfa; esem; factor; hope; items; journal; model; psychology; sample; scale; snyder; south
- A psychometric evaluation of the 17 itemed Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) in Uganda by Musenze, Ibrahim A.; Mayende, Thomas S. (2020) - This finding is in line with the work of Schaufeli et al. (2006), who argue for uni-dimensional scale in multiple regression studies because the three sub-scales of vigour, dedication and absorption could lead to problems of collinearity and tri-factor scales, in studies that rely on structural equation modelling in work engagement research like this one. This research is important as work engagement studies in Uganda can further develop with the availability of a validated and reliable research tool. Keywords: engagement; factor; fit; item; model; scale; schaufeli; study; teachers; uganda; utrecht; uwes-17; work; work engagement

## Test

- The development of the Quality of Translation and Linguistic Equivalence Checklist by Smith, Mario R.; Adams, Nuraan; Munnik, Erica (2022) - Aim of the study The aim of the study was to design and develop the QTLC that can evaluate the quality of processes used in test translation and in the establishment of linguistic equivalence. Methodologies for test translation and cultural equivalence. Keywords: adaptation; equivalence; guidelines; itc; items; process; quality; score; section; test; translation
- The impact of different time limits and test versions on reliability in South Africa by Arendse, Danille E. (2020) - The impact of different time limits and test versions on reliability in South Africa. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajopa.v2i0.14 Original Research The impact of different time limits and test versions on reliability in South Africa Danille E. Arendse Received: 18 Mar. 2019; Accepted: 10 Jan. 2020; Published: 03 Mar. 2020 Copyright: © 2020. Keywords: alpha; comprehension; cronbach; ect; english; individuals; items; reliability; test; test versions; time; versions
- The Boston Naming Test-South African Short Form, Part I: Psychometric properties in a group of healthy English-speaking university students by Thomas, Kevin G.F.; Baerecke, Lauren; Pan, Chen Y.; Ferrett, Helen L. (2019) - Boston Naming Test performance of older New Zealand adults. Norms and the relationship of Boston Naming Test performance to vocabulary and education: A review. Keywords: african; bnt; boston; boston naming; data; item; naming; naming test; performance; sample; sasf; south; test
- Impact of unanswered questions on examinees’ latent traits: An item response theory perspective by Akinboboye, Joseph T.; Ayanwale, Musa A.; Adewuni, David A.; Vincent, Yohanna I. (2024) - On the treatment of missing item responses in educational large-scale assessment data: An illustrative simulation study and a case study using PISA 2018 mathematics Data. Dimensionality assessment of binary response test items: A non-parametric approach of Bayesian item response theory measurement. Keywords: ability; assessments; data; estimation; examinees; irt; item; research; responses; students; study; test; validity
- Standardising the single and double letter cancellation test for South African military personnel by Haarhoff, Chevon P.; Gadd, Christi; Semenya, Boshadi; van Eeden, René (2020) - Keywords: attention; concentration; distractor stimuli; target stimuli; military; letter cancellation test. Based on a review of existing literature, Coetzer and Balchin (2014), Lezak, Howieson, Bigler and Tranel (2012), Mirsky, Anthony, Duncan, Ahearn and Kellam (1991) and Stump (2002) recommended letter cancellation tests as comprehensive measures of attention. Keywords: age; attention; cancellation; cancellation test; data; letter; letter cancellation; military; performance; south; test; time
- Time limits and English proficiency tests: Predicting academic performance by Opperman, Ingrid (2020) - Nonetheless, Talento-Miller et al. (2013) also suggested that increasing the number of items attempted influenced the outcome of English language tests because of the varying difficulties and types of items rather than processing speed. Time limits and English proficiency tests: Predicting academic performance. Keywords: cloze; education; english; group; language; limit; performance; procedure; proficiency; research; test; time; vocabulary
- Measures of executive functions predicting Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms by Boshomane, Tshikani T.; Pillay, Basil J.; Meyer, Anneke (2021) - The work of several authors suggests that ADHD symptoms are the result of a primary flaw in a specific EF domain (e.g. response inhibition or working memory), or they arise from a more global difficulty with executive control (Barkley, 1997; Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996; Willcutt et al., 2005). Pennington and Ozonoff (1996) found that Part A of the Trail Making Test (TMT) could not detect ADHD symptoms, whilst Kofler et al. (2010) found that children with ADHD performed worse than controls on the Trails-B, which measures cognitive flexibility, indicating the instrument’s sensitivity to ADHD symptoms. Keywords: adhd; children; deficit; disorder; executive; hyperactivity; inattention; journal; memory; symptoms; test; trails; variance; wcst; working
- Psychometric description of the Life Orientation Test-Revised in a South African sample: A pilot study by van Wijk, Charles H. (2022) - Age and gender effects appear to be marginal across international samples (Bastianello et al., 2014; Glaesmer et al., 2012; Hinz et al., 2017; Schou-Bredala et al., 2017; Steca et al., 2015; Zenger et al., 2013). Pertinent to the context of this article, its association with markers of mental health and psychological well-being (e.g. depression, anxiety, fatigue, self-efficacy, perceived stress) has been established in various cross-continental contexts (Yew, Lim, Haw, & Gan, 2015; Zenger et al., 2013; also cf. Keywords: et al; health; language; life; lot; measures; optimism; sample; scores; study; test
- Preliminary normative data for the Hooper Visual Organization Test for a South African sample by Mahomed-Kola, Saleha; Ferreira-Correia, Aline; van Zyl, Casper J.J. (2022) - Consequently, high HVOT scores are likely to be accompanied high MOCA naming total scores. The clinical group performed worse than the control group when mean total HVOT scores were compared. Keywords: age; data; education; hooper; hvot; item; point; research; south; study; test; total; visual

## Item

- A Rasch analysis of the High Potential Trait Indicator: A South African sample by Semmelink, David S.; Maree, David J.F. (2023) - Person reliability, according to Linacre (2020a), is largely dependent on the dispersion of the characteristics of the sample – in other words, a sample with varying degrees of the trait being measured – the length of the instrument, the number of response options per item and the targeting of the sample and items. TABLE 4: Item statistics and fit status. Keywords: african; analysis; dif; groups; hpti; item; model; personality; rasch; reliability; south; trait
- Invariance and item bias of the Mental Health Continuum Short-Form for South African university first-year students by Mostert, Karina; de Beer, Leon; de Beer, Ronalda (2024) - A study conducted by Keyes et al. (2008) in South Africa confirmed the three-factor structure of the MHC-SF among Setswana-speaking people in South Africa, demonstrating that the three-factor structure observed in United States (US) samples may be replicated in South Africa (Keyes et al., 2008). In a sample of adult Setswana speakers, the following Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were reported: emotional well-being, α = 0.70; psychology well-being, α = 0.67; and social well-being, α = 0.59; however, the overall internal consistency was acceptable with α = 0.74 (Keyes et al., 2008). Keywords: bias; et al; factor; groups; health; invariance; item; journal; mhc; students; study
- Reliability, validity and dimensionality of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire among South African healthcare workers by Kufe, Clement N.; Bernstein, Colleen; Wilson, Kerry (2024) - Psychometric properties and factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire as a screening tool for anxiety and depressive symptoms in a multi-national study of young adults. The dimensionality of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): Comparisons of factor structures and invariance across samples and time. Keywords: african; analysis; data; et al; factor; factor structure; ghq-12; hcws; health; item; journal; questionnaire; south; structure; study
- Medical practitioner compassion: Development and validation of a compassion competency questionnaire by Jäckel-Visser, Michelle; Theron, Carl C.; Mash, Robert J. (2025) - In conclusion, this research addressed an unmet need for a psychometrically validated instrument that comprehensively measures the construct of medical practitioner compassion competency in the healthcare setting. FIGURE 2: Example of medical practitioner compassion competency questionnaire items. Keywords: compassion; compassion competency; competency; construct; factor; fit; healthcare; item; latent; measurement; medical; model; mpccq; order; practitioner; practitioner compassion; subscale; visser
- Examining differential item functioning and group differences across student and community samples on the Personality Inventory for the DSM-V-Short Form by van Zyl, Casper J.J. (2025) - Do student samples provide an accurate estimate of the general public? To determine if the data can be combined into a single adult sample for further research, this initial study seeks to investigate if there are any differences across the student and community samples. Keywords: community; data; differences; facets; group; item; personality; pid-5; samples; student
- Measuring social well-being in Africa: An exploratory structural equation modelling study by Khumalo, Itumeleng P.; Ejoke, Ufuoma P.; Oppong Asante, Kwaku; Rugira, Janvier (2021) - Social well-being is categorised into five dimensions: social integration, social contribution, social coherence, social actualisation and social acceptance. Keyes (1998, p.122) defined social well-being as ‘the appraisal of one’s circumstances and functioning in society’, and proposed a five factor structure consisting of social integration, social acceptance, social contribution, social actualisation and social coherence. Keywords: africa; cfa; community; esem; factor; health; item; keyes; model; south; study

## Model

- Bifactor modelling and measurement invariance testing of the Innovative Behaviour Inventory by Sanhokwe, Hamfrey; Chinyamurindi, Willie; Muzurura, Joe (2023) - Given the growing interest in developing and sustaining workplace innovations, accurate, ethically sound, and sustainable assessment of employee innovative behaviour has become a critical organisational excellence issue. Employee innovative behaviour is a complex, value-creating behaviour that resides in and is self-initiated by employees. Keywords: behaviour; construct; employee; factor; gender; ibi; ideas; innovative; invariance; journal; measurement; model; research; study; work; work behaviour
- Can a general factor be derived from employees’ responses to items on the Individual Work Performance Review? by van Lill, Xander; van der Vaart, Leoni (2024) - Keywords: general performance factor; generic performance; individual work performance; exploratory structural equation modelling; bifactor model; Individual Work Performance Review. However, it is important to observe that general performance factor in this model does not account for unique variance in the observed variables beyond what the narrow factors explain. Keywords: dimensions; employees; factor; individual; items; job; model; order; performance; study; van; work; work performance
- Measurement invariance of cognitive and affective job insecurity: A cross-national study by Görgens-Ekermans, Gina; Ghezzi, Valerio; Probst, Tahira M.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Petitta, Laura; Jiang, Lixin; Hu, Sanman (2024) - Job insecurity as a threatened resource: Reactions to job insecurity in culturally distinct regions. Abstract Empirical evidence of established measurement invariance of job insecurity measures may enhance the practical utility of job insecurity as a valid predictor when utilised over different cross-national samples. Keywords: affective; cross; data; et al; factor; invariance; items; jiang; job insecurity; journal; jss; measurement; measures; model; probst; psychology; research; samples; study; work
- Examining the internal structure of the Executive Functioning Inventory amongst South African students by Britz, Candice; van Zyl, Casper J.J. (2020) - Abstract The role of executive functions in everyday life can hardly be overstated. Assessment of executive functions includes both objective and subjective measures, which include self-report measures. Keywords: analysis; efi; executive; factor; fit; functioning; functions; items; model; reliability; response; self; south; study
- Beyond factor analysis: Insights into the dimensionality of the Fortitude Questionnaire through bifactor statistical analysis by Pretorius, Tyrone B.; Padmanabhanunni, Anita (2020) - Finally, the article demonstrates the importance of going beyond overall model fit statistics, especially with regard to bifactor models, and implementing bifactor analyses. The article also highlights the importance of going beyond overall model fit statistics, especially for bifactor models and to implement bifactor analyses to draw conclusions about the unidimensionality or multidimensionality of scales. Keywords: appraisals; bifactor; factor; forq; fortitude; lay; model; samples; self; study; subscales; variance
- Over reliance on model fit indices in confirmatory factor analyses may lead to incorrect inferences about bifactor models: A cautionary note by Pretorius, Tyrone B. (2021) - Over reliance on model fit indices in confirmatory factor analyses may lead to incorrect inferences about bifactor models: A cautionary note. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajopa.v3i0.35 Original Research Over reliance on model fit indices in confirmatory factor analyses may lead to incorrect inferences about bifactor models: A cautionary note Tyrone B. Pretorius Received: 29 Sept. 2020; Accepted: 21 Jan. 2021; Published: 12 Mar. 2021 Copyright: © 2021. Keywords: bifactor; factor; fit; indices; instrument; model
- The development and validation of a graduate leader competency questionnaire: Arguing the need for a graduate leader performance measure by Pienaar, Jacques S.; Theron, Carl C. (2021) - Abstract Introduction The new workforce – Gen Y The need for effective leaders Leadership theory is still evolving Leadership competency models are defective and incomplete The way forward: The development of a comprehensive graduate leader competency model A new structure for (leadership) competency models: The nomological network The integration of theory on leadership performance Future aims Conclusion Acknowledgements References Footnotes About the Author(s) Leadership competency models are defective and incomplete Competency models are the most frequently used method for informing leadership development (Barrett & Beeson, 2002; Conger & Ready, 2004; Croft & Seemiller, 2017), and in combination with the rise in the popularity of 360-degree feedback, which is built entirely around competencies, these two tools provide the development architecture for most if not all executive fast-track programmes today. Keywords: competencies; competency; competency model; development; domain; gen; generation; graduate; job; journal; leadership; leadership competency; leadership development; leadership performance; management; model; new; performance; potential; psychology; research; south; theory; variables; work
- Investigating the validity of the short form Burnout Assessment Tool: A job demands-resources approach by de Beer, Leon T.; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.; Bakker, Arnold B. (2022) - Job demands–resources theory and self-regulation: New explanations and remedies for job burnout. Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies. Keywords: bakker; bat-12; burnout; data; demands; factor; job; journal; model; order; research; resources; schaufeli; work

## Items

- The Sensory Classroom Teacher Questionnaire: A tool for assessing conducive classroom conditions for children with ADHD by du Preez, Hannelie; Combrinck, Celeste-Marié (2022) - Therefore, looking to early childhood teachers as ‘path changers’ is not unfounded. This study’s main objectives and processes are as follows: conceptualising a psycho-educational instrument guided by principles of sensory ergonomics, sensory integration/processing and the triad of characteristics of children with ADHD symptoms analysing and refining the Sensory Classroom Teacher Questionnaire (SCTQ) through two rounds of piloting offering an inclusive and pedagogical practice-oriented psycho-educational assessment instrument for early childhood teachers. Keywords: adhd; childhood; children; classroom; education; instrument; items; learning; processing; rasch; research; sctq; south; teachers
- The development of the Conceptual Construct Validity Appraisal Checklist by Smith, Mario R.; Munnik, Erica (2023) - The CCVAC assesses conceptual construct validity as the logical underpinning of instruments. Contribution: The CCVAC is theoretically grounded and provides a quantifiable methodology to objectively assess conceptual construct validity. Keywords: ccvac; classification; construct; construct validity; definition; items; oar; section; validity
- Emotional social screening tool for school readiness (E3SR-R): Adaptation into Afrikaans by Munnik, Erica; Adams, Nuraan; Smith, Mario R. (2025) - Iliescu et al. (2024) argued that good translation processes have the capacity to inform revisions of the original or source versions; however, this is seldom achieved because of the lack of rigour applied to the translation process. Contribution: The study employed a rigorous methodology that underscored the importance of establishing conceptual construct validity, evaluating the translation process and establishing content validity in translation studies. Keywords: adaptation; afrikaans; construct; e3sr; equivalence; items; phase; process; scores; south; translation; validity; version
- The manifestation of the 10 personality aspects amongst the facets of the Basic Traits Inventory by van Lill, Xander; Taylor, Nicola (2021) - This study investigates whether eight hierarchical factors (also referred to as personality aspects) manifest amongst the facets of the Basic Traits Inventory (BTI). According to DeYoung et al. (2007), personality aspects might be a more parsimonious breakdown of the Big Five than the personality facets. Keywords: africa; aspects; bifactor; bti; facets; factor; items; models; order; personality; personality aspects; south; traits
- Establishing the content validity of an online depression screening tool for South Africa by Hassem, Tasneem (2021) - With the increase in mobile internet usage in South Africa, an online depression screening tool could provide opportunities for the screening of depression symptoms aiding access to mental health interventions. The treatment of depression in South Africa is often met with many obstacles, such as stigmas, lack of mental health facilities, lack of depression screening, and under-resourced hospital settings. Keywords: africa; cesd; content; depression; health; items; online; participants; screening; south; study; tool; validity

## Health

- Systematic comparison of resilience scales using retrospective reports: A practical case study using South African data by van Wijk, Charles H. (2024) - Systematic comparison of resilience scales using retrospective reports: A practical case study using South African data. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajopa.v6i0.150 Original Research Systematic comparison of resilience scales using retrospective reports: A practical case study using South African data Charles H. van Wijk Received: Keywords: data; et al; factor; health; language; mean; measures; psychological; resilience; sample; scales; scores; stress; table; toughness; validity
- The Molteno Adapted Scale: A child development screening tool for healthcare settings by Springer, Priscilla E.; Laughton, Barbara; Esterhuizen, Tonya M.; Slogrove, Amy L.; Kruger, Mariana (2022) - The MAS language scores were significantly lower than the BSID language scores at 1 year (p = 0.029), MAS gross motor scores were significantly higher than the BSID gross motor scores at 2–3 years (p < 0.001) and MAS fine motor scores were lower than fine motor scores on the BSID at 2–3 years (p < 0.001). In contrast, at 2–3 years, there was high correlation between MAS fine motor and BSID cognitive scores and between the MAS gross motor and BSID gross motor scaled score at the 1-year visit. Keywords: bayley; bsid; children; figure; health; mas; molteno; motor; scales; scores; south

## Data

- Phonemic verbal fluency in non-WEIRD populations: Demographic differences in performance in the Controlled Oral Word Association Test-FAS by Ferreira-Correia, Aline; Banjo, Hillary; Israel, Nicky (2024) - Phonemic verbal fluency tests are one of the most widely used neuropsychological diagnostic methods because of the vulnerability of verbal fluency performance to certain cognitive impairments connected to lesions in the frontal lobe and deficits in the temporal lobe; they are therefore included in widely used batteries, screening tools, or as stand-alone tests (McDowd et al., 2011). Effect of language proficiency and executive control on verbal fluency performance in bilinguals. Keywords: cowat; data; education; errors; fas; fluency; gender; language; participants; performance; study

## Validity

- The validity of a general factor of emotional intelligence in the South African context by van Lill, Xander; Stols, Anneke; Rajab, Pakeezah; Wiggett, Jani (2023) - Single-factor models (all items load on one factor) and orthogonal first-order models (factor models with uncorrelated lower-order factors) represent parsimonious models, and, if these models display greater fit, it might discredit the existence of hierarchical structure in the data. By contrast, better fit for lower-order (factor models with correlated factors), higher-order (items load on lower-order factors, which, in turn, load onto second-order factors) and bifactor models (items are specified simultaneously on uncorrelated first- and second-order factors) provides more support for hierarchical structure (Credé & Harms, 2015). Keywords: factor; intelligence; models; order; performance; structure; study; validity; van; work
- Criterion validity of the 10 personality aspects for performance in South Africa by van Lill, Xander; Hayes, Cobi (2024) - Personality aspects might better represent the phenotypical patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviour than personality facets. An oblique lower-order model was specified to investigate the inter-factor correlations between personality aspects. Keywords: aspects; deyoung; et al; industriousness; meta; performance; personality; personality aspects; research; south; validity; van; work

## Performance

- Reliability, minimum detectable change and sociodemographic biases of selected neuropsychological tests among people living with HIV in south-eastern Nigeria by Nweke, Martins C.; Govender, Nalini; Akinpelu, Aderonke; Ogunniyi, Adesola; Mshunqane, Nombeko (2022) - The Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were employed to test the putative impact of sociodemographic factors on NP test performance. Extra caution aiming at minimising distraction should be ensured when administering the HVLT-R. Further studies are recommended with large sample size to establish normative score of the selected NP tests and to examine the effect of socioeconomic status on NP test performance. Keywords: dst; hand; hiv; hvlt; intra; performance; plwhiv; rater; reliability; study; tests; tmt

## Reliability

- Measuring cognitive emotion regulation in South Africa using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-short form by Propheta, Itai; van Zyl, Casper J.J. (2019) - Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Development and validation of a state-based measure of emotion dysregulation: The state difficulties in emotion regulation scale (S-DERS). Keywords: cerq; emotion; emotion regulation; factor; garnefski; kraaij; regulation; reliability; short; south

## Scores

- Measuring working memory in contexts of high adversity: Using the digit span in North Kivu by Blanchette, Isabelle; Bakulikira, Blaise Balume; Ingabire, Marie-Chantal; Moket, Eric Kankunda; Caparos, Serge (2025) - Examining the link between WM task performance and other complex cognitive processes in a sample facing high levels of adversity is one of the goals of this study. While there is some evidence of links between WM task performance and more ecologically valid measures of cognition in diverse samples (see for instance Depp et al., 2012; Ponsoni et al., 2023), to our knowledge, this has not yet been examined in Africa. Keywords: cognitive; digit; digit span; level; measures; participants; schooling; scores; span; study; task

## Children

- Instruments measuring emotional-social competence in preschoolers in South Africa: A review study by Mtati, Cebokazi N.; Munnik, Erica (2023) - Therefore, an awareness of and emphasis on emotional social competencies as a domain of school readiness is essential. Keywords: assessment; emotional social competency; instruments; preschoolers; school readiness; South Africa. Keywords: children; competency; instruments; readiness; review; school; screening; skills; south

## Reviewer

- Acknowledgement to reviewers by Office, Editorial (2022) - It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to African Journal of Psychological Assessment. Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Psychological Assessment, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajopa. org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. Keywords: https://ajopa.org; journal; reviewer
- Acknowledgement to reviewers by Office, Editoial (2023) - It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to African Journal of Psychological Assessment. Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement http://www.ajopa.org Open Access Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Psychological Assessment, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajopa. org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. Keywords: https://ajopa.org; journal; reviewer
- Acknowledgement to reviewers by Office, Editorial (2024) - http://www.ajopa.org Open Access Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Psychological Assessment, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajopa. org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to the African Journal of Psychological Assessment. Keywords: journal; reviewer
- Acknowledgement to reviewers by Office, Editorial (2025) - It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to African Journal of Psychological Assessment. Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement http://www.ajopa.org Open Access Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Psychological Assessment, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajopa.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. Keywords: journal; reviewer
- Acknowledgement to reviewers by Office, Editorial (2019) - It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to African Journal of Psychological Assessment. http://www.ajopa.org Open Access Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Psychological Assessment, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajod.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. Keywords: journal; reviewer
- Acknowledgement to reviewers by Office, Editorial (2020) - It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to African Journal of Psychological Assessment. Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the African Journal of Psychological Assessment, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://ajopa.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. Keywords: journal; reviewer

## Personality

- The five-factor model and individualism and collectivism in South Africa: Implications for personality assessment by Laher, Sumaya; Dockrat, Safia (2019) - The relationship between the NEO-PI-3 and Horizontal–Vertical I/C scale Results for the independence of the NEO-PI-3 scales and that of the Horizontal–Vertical I/C (HVIC) scale are presented below, using factor analyses. What was found was that Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness all loaded on separate factors; however, Extraversion and Openness loaded on the same factor. Keywords: collectivism; factor; ffm; individualism; loading; neo; personality; pi-3; south
- Measuring the Big Five personality factors in South African adolescents: Psychometric properties of the Basic Traits Inventory by de Bruin, Gideon P.; Taylor, Nicola; Zanfirescu, Șerban A. (2022) - Whereas the measurement of personality traits in adults appears to be a productive area for research psychologists and practitioners, much less attention is focused on the measurement of personality traits amongst children and adolescents. The Big Five model of personality is arguably the most widely accepted model of personality traits. Keywords: adolescents; adults; bti; factor; inventory; personality; structure; traits

## Group

- The efficacy of the Senior South African Individual Scale Revised in distinguishing between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, normal and sluggish cognitive tempo children by Abdool Gafoor, Leila; Burke, Alban; Fourie, Jean (2021) - If one accepts that attention as a construct, would be normally distributed in the general population, both the SCT and ADHD groups would have impaired attention. Abstract The primary objective of this study was to determine whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and a non-clinical (NC) group of learners perform differently on the Senior South African Individual Scale Revised (SSAIS-R). Keywords: adhd; attention; barkley; disorder; group; sct; south; ssais; subtests

## Methods

- Review: Transforming research methods in the social sciences: Case studies from South Africa by de Klerk, Werner; Harmse, Elinda (2020) - Other research books such as Doing social research (Wagner, Kawulich, & Garner, 2012), Research at grass roots (De Vos, Strydom, Fouche, & Delport, 2011), Doing research in the real world (Gray, 2014), First steps in research (Maree, 2016), The practice of social research (Babbie & Mouton, 2001), and Research in practice (Terre Blanche, Durrheim, & Painter, 2006) are also recommended as good reads for students, academia and researchers in practice. In the words of Fynn, Kramer and Laher (2019, p. xi), ‘this book is simply the introductory chapter to, we hope, a larger body of work that will systematically transform how social science research is conducted within the global South’. Keywords: methods; research; south

## Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23