id sid eid entity type agb-435 1 1 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 1 2 110 CARDINAL agb-435 2 1 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 2 2 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 2 3 china GPE agb-435 2 4 argentina GPE agb-435 2 5 china GPE agb-435 2 6 argentina GPE agb-435 2 7 andres a. gallo university PERSON agb-435 2 8 north florida GPE agb-435 2 9 united states GPE agb-435 3 1 agallo@unf.edu NORP agb-435 3 2 jay p. kesan university of illinois PERSON agb-435 3 3 urbana-champaign GPE agb-435 3 4 united states GPE agb-435 5 1 recent decades DATE agb-435 5 2 china GPE agb-435 6 1 argentina GPE agb-435 6 2 one CARDINAL agb-435 6 3 china GPE agb-435 8 1 one CARDINAL agb-435 9 1 the last forty years DATE agb-435 9 2 argentina GPE agb-435 11 1 argentina GPE agb-435 12 1 argentina GPE agb-435 14 1 argentina GPE agb-435 16 1 argentina GPE agb-435 16 2 china GPE agb-435 16 3 brazil GPE agb-435 16 4 united states GPE agb-435 17 1 the last two decades DATE agb-435 17 2 china GPE agb-435 17 3 jepson, 2020 ORG agb-435 18 1 china GPE agb-435 18 2 india GPE agb-435 19 1 the next decade DATE agb-435 19 2 china GPE agb-435 19 3 2023 CARDINAL agb-435 21 1 argentina GPE agb-435 21 2 brazil GPE agb-435 21 3 the united states GPE agb-435 21 4 feenstra & hong ORG agb-435 21 5 2022 CARDINAL agb-435 21 6 klein & luna ORG agb-435 21 7 2023 CARDINAL agb-435 21 8 klein & vidal luna ORG agb-435 21 9 2021 CARDINAL agb-435 21 10 phélinas & choumert ORG agb-435 21 11 2017 DATE agb-435 23 1 klein & vidal luna ORG agb-435 23 2 2021 DATE agb-435 24 1 2018 DATE agb-435 24 2 klein & vidal luna ORG agb-435 24 3 2021 DATE agb-435 25 1 one CARDINAL agb-435 25 2 kesan & gallo ORG agb-435 25 3 2007 DATE agb-435 25 4 kolady & lesser ORG agb-435 25 5 2009b DATE agb-435 26 1 2005 DATE agb-435 27 1 2021 CARDINAL agb-435 28 1 argentina GPE agb-435 28 2 brazil GPE agb-435 28 3 u.s. GPE agb-435 28 4 three CARDINAL agb-435 29 1 three CARDINAL agb-435 31 1 the united states GPE agb-435 31 2 argentina GPE agb-435 33 1 argentina GPE agb-435 34 1 forty year DATE agb-435 36 1 mailto:kesan@illinois.edu PRODUCT agb-435 36 2 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 36 3 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 36 4 111 CARDINAL agb-435 36 5 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 36 6 china GPE agb-435 36 7 argentina GPE agb-435 37 1 argentina GPE agb-435 39 1 second ORDINAL agb-435 39 2 china GPE agb-435 40 1 third ORDINAL agb-435 41 1 argentina GPE agb-435 41 2 u.s. GPE agb-435 41 3 brazil GPE agb-435 42 1 fourth ORDINAL agb-435 42 2 argentina GPE agb-435 42 3 three CARDINAL agb-435 42 4 two CARDINAL agb-435 44 1 fourth ORDINAL agb-435 45 1 argentina GPE agb-435 46 1 china GPE agb-435 47 1 the last few decades DATE agb-435 47 2 china GPE agb-435 47 3 india GPE agb-435 48 1 china GPE agb-435 48 2 2012 DATE agb-435 49 1 the early 2000s DATE agb-435 49 2 chinese NORP agb-435 49 3 martin PERSON agb-435 49 4 2016 DATE agb-435 50 1 china GPE agb-435 50 2 martin PERSON agb-435 50 3 2016 DATE agb-435 51 1 chinese NORP agb-435 51 2 2016 DATE agb-435 52 1 china GPE agb-435 52 2 2016 DATE agb-435 53 1 chinese NORP agb-435 54 1 argentina GPE agb-435 54 2 brazil GPE agb-435 54 3 chinese NORP agb-435 55 1 china GPE agb-435 58 1 164.23 MONEY agb-435 58 2 the second quarter of 2001 DATE agb-435 58 3 615.85 MONEY agb-435 58 4 1 CARDINAL agb-435 59 1 https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/psoybusdq 2 FAC agb-435 60 1 3 CARDINAL agb-435 61 1 https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/pwheamtusdm third quarter of 2012 DATE agb-435 61 2 554 MONEY agb-435 61 3 the first quarter DATE agb-435 61 4 2023).1 CARDINAL agb-435 61 5 90 MONEY agb-435 61 6 august 2001 DATE agb-435 61 7 332 MONEY agb-435 61 8 july 2012 DATE agb-435 61 9 284 MONEY agb-435 61 10 march 2023).2 DATE agb-435 61 11 104 MONEY agb-435 61 12 august 2001 DATE agb-435 61 13 318 MONEY agb-435 61 14 november 2012 DATE agb-435 62 1 312 MONEY agb-435 62 2 april 2023.3 DATE agb-435 62 3 china GPE agb-435 62 4 northsouth ORG agb-435 62 5 south-south LOC agb-435 63 1 china GPE agb-435 63 2 latin america LOC agb-435 64 1 casanova PERSON agb-435 64 2 xia, & ferreira ORG agb-435 64 3 2016 DATE agb-435 64 4 latin american NORP agb-435 64 5 china GPE agb-435 64 6 the early 2000s DATE agb-435 65 1 china GPE agb-435 65 2 casanova et al. PERSON agb-435 65 3 2016 DATE agb-435 66 1 chinese NORP agb-435 66 2 china GPE agb-435 67 1 2023 CARDINAL agb-435 67 2 chinese NORP agb-435 67 3 china GPE agb-435 67 4 2023 CARDINAL agb-435 68 1 latin america LOC agb-435 68 2 china GPE agb-435 68 3 latin american NORP agb-435 68 4 china GPE agb-435 69 1 2020 DATE agb-435 69 2 chinese NORP agb-435 70 1 2020 DATE agb-435 71 1 china GPE agb-435 72 1 south america LOC agb-435 72 2 2020 DATE agb-435 72 3 73-74 CARDINAL agb-435 73 1 latin american NORP agb-435 74 1 smith & katovich ORG agb-435 74 2 2017 CARDINAL agb-435 75 1 argentina GPE agb-435 75 2 brazil GPE agb-435 77 1 argentina GPE agb-435 77 2 brazil GPE agb-435 77 3 smith & katovich ORG agb-435 77 4 2017 DATE agb-435 78 1 argentina GPE agb-435 79 1 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 79 2 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 79 3 112 CARDINAL agb-435 79 4 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 79 5 china GPE agb-435 79 6 argentina GPE agb-435 80 1 chen et al PERSON agb-435 81 1 2022 CARDINAL agb-435 83 1 chen et al. PERSON agb-435 83 2 2022 CARDINAL agb-435 83 3 11 CARDINAL agb-435 84 1 zhou, sheldon, & eum ( ORG agb-435 84 2 2018 DATE agb-435 84 3 u.s. GPE agb-435 87 1 yan et al PERSON agb-435 87 2 2023 CARDINAL agb-435 87 3 china GPE agb-435 87 4 brazil GPE agb-435 87 5 argentina GPE agb-435 87 6 u.s. GPE agb-435 89 1 china GPE agb-435 89 2 deng et al. PERSON agb-435 89 3 2008 DATE agb-435 90 1 jiang GPE agb-435 90 2 2015 DATE agb-435 91 1 chinese NORP agb-435 92 1 china GPE agb-435 92 2 china GPE agb-435 93 1 china GPE agb-435 93 2 1995 DATE agb-435 93 3 1.2 million tons QUANTITY agb-435 93 4 1995 DATE agb-435 93 5 16.6 million CARDINAL agb-435 93 6 2019 DATE agb-435 93 7 1216.5% PERCENT agb-435 94 1 china GPE agb-435 95 1 argentina GPE agb-435 95 2 brazil GPE agb-435 95 3 u.s. GPE agb-435 95 4 china GPE agb-435 96 1 china GPE agb-435 97 1 1995 DATE agb-435 97 2 2021 DATE agb-435 97 3 2.91 million tons QUANTITY agb-435 97 4 more than 99 million tons MONEY agb-435 97 5 3304% PERCENT agb-435 98 1 178.4% PERCENT agb-435 98 2 2020 DATE agb-435 98 3 2021 CARDINAL agb-435 98 4 24.9% PERCENT agb-435 98 5 13.4% PERCENT agb-435 99 1 china GPE agb-435 99 2 china GPE agb-435 100 1 china GPE agb-435 100 2 chinese NORP agb-435 102 1 chinese NORP agb-435 102 2 less than 10% PERCENT agb-435 102 3 1995 DATE agb-435 102 4 more than 60% PERCENT agb-435 102 5 2019 DATE agb-435 103 1 chinese NORP agb-435 103 2 2022 CARDINAL agb-435 104 1 smith & katovich ORG agb-435 104 2 2017 DATE agb-435 105 1 one CARDINAL agb-435 106 1 three CARDINAL agb-435 106 2 argentina GPE agb-435 107 1 three CARDINAL agb-435 107 2 u.s. GPE agb-435 107 3 brazil GPE agb-435 107 4 argentina GPE agb-435 107 5 nearly 80% PERCENT agb-435 108 1 the last twenty years DATE agb-435 110 1 russia GPE agb-435 110 2 ukraine GPE agb-435 110 3 brazil GPE agb-435 110 4 argentina GPE agb-435 110 5 bolivia GPE agb-435 114 1 four CARDINAL agb-435 114 2 argentina GPE agb-435 114 3 brazil GPE agb-435 114 4 china GPE agb-435 114 5 the united states GPE agb-435 114 6 almost 67% PERCENT agb-435 115 1 the last twenty years DATE agb-435 115 2 russia GPE agb-435 115 3 ukraine GPE agb-435 115 4 brazil GPE agb-435 115 5 indonesia GPE agb-435 115 6 romania GPE agb-435 115 7 india GPE agb-435 116 1 the united states GPE agb-435 118 1 four CARDINAL agb-435 118 2 just 47.5% PERCENT agb-435 119 1 the last twenty years DATE agb-435 119 2 russia GPE agb-435 119 3 ukraine GPE agb-435 119 4 argentina GPE agb-435 119 5 india GPE agb-435 119 6 pakistan GPE agb-435 120 1 china GPE agb-435 121 1 one CARDINAL agb-435 123 1 argentina GPE agb-435 123 2 brazil GPE agb-435 123 3 u.s. GPE agb-435 123 4 u.s. GPE agb-435 123 5 brazil GPE agb-435 123 6 argentina GPE agb-435 123 7 recent decades DATE agb-435 123 8 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 123 9 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 123 10 113 CARDINAL agb-435 123 11 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 123 12 china GPE agb-435 123 13 argentina GPE agb-435 123 14 one CARDINAL agb-435 123 15 kolady & lesser ORG agb-435 123 16 2009a DATE agb-435 126 1 internationally4 GPE agb-435 127 1 oecd ORG agb-435 127 2 2018 DATE agb-435 128 1 oecd ORG agb-435 128 2 2018 DATE agb-435 130 1 two CARDINAL agb-435 130 2 the united states GPE agb-435 131 1 first ORDINAL agb-435 131 2 certificate5 ORG agb-435 131 3 1970.6 CARDINAL agb-435 131 4 second ORDINAL agb-435 131 5 1952).7 CARDINAL agb-435 131 6 the u.s. supreme court ORG agb-435 133 1 upov-78 DATE agb-435 133 2 argentina GPE agb-435 133 3 brazil GPE agb-435 134 1 u.s. GPE agb-435 134 2 the upov regulatory systems ORG agb-435 135 1 1 CARDINAL agb-435 136 1 first ORDINAL agb-435 136 2 the united states GPE agb-435 137 1 the 1980s DATE agb-435 139 1 253 CARDINAL agb-435 139 2 1984 DATE agb-435 139 3 1,406 CARDINAL agb-435 139 4 2013 DATE agb-435 139 5 455% PERCENT agb-435 140 1 200 CARDINAL agb-435 140 2 the mid-1980s DATE agb-435 140 3 1,000 CARDINAL agb-435 140 4 the late 2010s DATE agb-435 140 5 1 CARDINAL agb-435 141 1 second ORDINAL agb-435 141 2 u.s. GPE agb-435 141 3 1 CARDINAL agb-435 142 1 the 1980s DATE agb-435 143 1 1 CARDINAL agb-435 143 2 upov database ORG agb-435 143 3 4 CARDINAL agb-435 143 4 an estimated 63 billion MONEY agb-435 143 5 2021 CARDINAL agb-435 143 6 86.8 billion MONEY agb-435 143 7 2026 CARDINAL agb-435 144 1 usd 63.0 billion MONEY agb-435 144 2 2021 CARDINAL agb-435 144 3 usd 86.8 billion MONEY agb-435 144 4 2026 CARDINAL agb-435 144 5 6.6% PERCENT agb-435 144 6 https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/04/08/2206399/0/en/the-global-seed-market-size-isestimated-to-be-valued-at-usd-63-0-billion-in-2021-and-is-projected-to-reach-usd-86-8-billion-by-2026-recording-a-cagr-of-6-6.html ORG agb-435 144 7 6/30/2021 CARDINAL agb-435 145 1 5 CARDINAL agb-435 146 1 2351(a CARDINAL agb-435 146 2 2000 DATE agb-435 147 1 6 CARDINAL agb-435 147 2 u.s. GPE agb-435 147 3 7 CARDINAL agb-435 148 1 congress ORG agb-435 148 2 1970 DATE agb-435 149 1 7 CARDINAL agb-435 149 2 35 DATE agb-435 150 1 101 CARDINAL agb-435 150 2 2000 CARDINAL agb-435 150 3 8 447 CARDINAL agb-435 150 4 303 CARDINAL agb-435 150 5 1980 DATE agb-435 150 6 5 CARDINAL agb-435 151 1 mark d. janis & jay PERSON agb-435 151 2 p. kesan PERSON agb-435 151 3 u.s. GPE agb-435 153 1 39 CARDINAL agb-435 154 1 l. rev PERSON agb-435 155 1 727 CARDINAL agb-435 155 2 2002 DATE agb-435 155 3 7 CARDINAL agb-435 155 4 9 534 CARDINAL agb-435 155 5 u.s. 124 (2001 DATE agb-435 155 6 10 CARDINAL agb-435 155 7 dec. 2, 1961 DATE agb-435 155 8 geneva GPE agb-435 155 9 oct. 23, 1978 DATE agb-435 155 10 mar. 19, 1991 DATE agb-435 156 1 lex 11 WORK_OF_ART agb-435 156 2 tripp NORP agb-435 156 3 robert, louwaars PERSON agb-435 156 4 eaton GPE agb-435 160 1 32 (2007 DATE agb-435 160 2 354 CARDINAL agb-435 162 1 srinivasan GPE agb-435 162 2 c. c. “ PERSON agb-435 164 1 26 CARDINAL agb-435 164 2 445-471 CARDINAL agb-435 167 1 0 200 CARDINAL agb-435 167 2 io ns FAC agb-435 167 3 year DATE agb-435 167 4 argentina GPE agb-435 167 5 brazil GPE agb-435 167 6 united states GPE agb-435 167 7 united states ORG agb-435 168 1 200 CARDINAL agb-435 168 2 io ns FAC agb-435 168 3 year DATE agb-435 168 4 argentina GPE agb-435 168 5 brazil GPE agb-435 168 6 united states GPE agb-435 168 7 united states ORG agb-435 168 8 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 168 9 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 168 10 114 CARDINAL agb-435 168 11 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 168 12 china GPE agb-435 168 13 argentina GPE agb-435 169 1 third ORDINAL agb-435 169 2 argentina GPE agb-435 169 3 brazil GPE agb-435 170 1 u.s. GPE agb-435 170 2 brazil GPE agb-435 170 3 about 100 CARDINAL agb-435 170 4 the late 1990s DATE agb-435 170 5 about 330 CARDINAL agb-435 170 6 the late 2010s DATE agb-435 171 1 argentina GPE agb-435 171 2 nearly 200 CARDINAL agb-435 171 3 the mid-1990s DATE agb-435 171 4 330 CARDINAL agb-435 171 5 the later 2010s DATE agb-435 171 6 1 CARDINAL agb-435 172 1 u.s. GPE agb-435 172 2 argentina GPE agb-435 172 3 brazil GPE agb-435 175 1 argentina GPE agb-435 176 1 the 1990s DATE agb-435 176 2 2003 DATE agb-435 176 3 2 CARDINAL agb-435 177 1 2 CARDINAL agb-435 177 2 upov database ORG agb-435 177 3 zhou et al. PERSON agb-435 177 4 2018 DATE agb-435 178 1 u.s. GPE agb-435 180 1 argentina GPE agb-435 180 2 monsanto ORG agb-435 181 1 monsanto ORG agb-435 181 2 argentine NORP agb-435 181 3 2013a DATE agb-435 181 4 varella & marinho ORG agb-435 181 5 2013 DATE agb-435 183 1 brazil GPE agb-435 183 2 2 CARDINAL agb-435 184 1 u.s. GPE agb-435 185 1 2 CARDINAL agb-435 186 1 argentina GPE agb-435 186 2 brazil GPE agb-435 187 1 brazil GPE agb-435 187 2 u.s. GPE agb-435 187 3 3 CARDINAL agb-435 188 1 argentina GPE agb-435 188 2 2001 DATE agb-435 188 3 2017 CARDINAL agb-435 188 4 4 CARDINAL agb-435 189 1 brazil GPE agb-435 189 2 argentine NORP agb-435 190 1 3 CARDINAL agb-435 190 2 upov database ORG agb-435 190 3 0.0% PERCENT agb-435 190 4 10.0% PERCENT agb-435 190 5 20.0% PERCENT agb-435 190 6 30.0% PERCENT agb-435 190 7 40.0% PERCENT agb-435 190 8 50.0% PERCENT agb-435 190 9 60.0% PERCENT agb-435 190 10 70.0% PERCENT agb-435 190 11 g av er ag e ORG agb-435 190 12 io ns FAC agb-435 190 13 three-year DATE agb-435 190 14 argentina GPE agb-435 190 15 brazil GPE agb-435 190 16 united states GPE agb-435 190 17 united states ORG agb-435 191 1 50 CARDINAL agb-435 191 2 400 CARDINAL agb-435 191 3 o DATE agb-435 191 4 io LOC agb-435 191 5 0 50 100 150 MONEY agb-435 191 6 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 DATE agb-435 191 7 2009 DATE agb-435 191 8 2010 2011 2012 DATE agb-435 191 9 2013 2014 DATE agb-435 191 10 o DATE agb-435 192 1 io LOC agb-435 192 2 0 100 MONEY agb-435 192 3 o DATE agb-435 192 4 io LOC agb-435 192 5 0 200 CARDINAL agb-435 192 6 o DATE agb-435 193 1 io LOC agb-435 193 2 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 193 3 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 193 4 115 CARDINAL agb-435 193 5 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 193 6 china GPE agb-435 193 7 argentina GPE agb-435 194 1 brazil GPE agb-435 194 2 u.s. GPE agb-435 194 3 argentina GPE agb-435 194 4 two CARDINAL agb-435 194 5 4 CARDINAL agb-435 195 1 u.s. GPE agb-435 195 2 4 CARDINAL agb-435 197 1 brazil GPE agb-435 197 2 4 CARDINAL agb-435 198 1 argentina GPE agb-435 198 2 4 CARDINAL agb-435 200 1 brazil GPE agb-435 200 2 u.s. GPE agb-435 200 3 argentine NORP agb-435 201 1 4 CARDINAL agb-435 201 2 upov database ORG agb-435 201 3 argentina GPE agb-435 201 4 brazil GPE agb-435 201 5 u.s. GPE agb-435 201 6 china GPE agb-435 201 7 brookes & barfoot ORG agb-435 201 8 2020 DATE agb-435 204 1 almost 70% PERCENT agb-435 204 2 brookes & barfoot ORG agb-435 204 3 2020 DATE agb-435 207 1 argentine NORP agb-435 207 2 2013a DATE agb-435 208 1 i.p. GPE agb-435 208 2 i.p. GPE agb-435 209 1 argentina GPE agb-435 209 2 brazil GPE agb-435 209 3 paraguay ORG agb-435 209 4 2013b DATE agb-435 210 1 2008 DATE agb-435 210 2 i.p GPE agb-435 210 3 argentina GPE agb-435 210 4 brazil GPE agb-435 211 1 argentina GPE agb-435 213 1 argentina GPE agb-435 216 1 400 CARDINAL agb-435 216 2 450 CARDINAL agb-435 216 3 ea CARDINAL agb-435 216 4 ge argentina: ORG agb-435 216 5 three year DATE agb-435 216 6 50 100 150 CARDINAL agb-435 216 7 2002 2003 2004 2005 DATE agb-435 216 8 2009 DATE agb-435 216 9 2010 2011 2012 DATE agb-435 216 10 2013 2014 DATE agb-435 216 11 2019 DATE agb-435 216 12 ea CARDINAL agb-435 216 13 ge ORG agb-435 216 14 brazil GPE agb-435 216 15 three year DATE agb-435 216 16 0 200 CARDINAL agb-435 217 1 ea CARDINAL agb-435 217 2 ge u.s.a. ORG agb-435 218 1 three year DATE agb-435 218 2 0 CARDINAL agb-435 218 3 600 CARDINAL agb-435 219 1 ea CARDINAL agb-435 219 2 ge u.s.a. ORG agb-435 220 1 three year DATE agb-435 220 2 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 220 3 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 220 4 116 CARDINAL agb-435 220 5 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 220 6 china GPE agb-435 220 7 argentina GPE agb-435 221 1 argentina GPE agb-435 221 2 mcarthur & mccord ORG agb-435 221 3 2017 DATE agb-435 223 1 argentina GPE agb-435 224 1 the instituto nacional de semillas ORG agb-435 224 2 country12 GPE agb-435 225 1 argentina GPE agb-435 225 2 1978 DATE agb-435 225 3 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 225 4 2006 DATE agb-435 226 1 each year DATE agb-435 228 1 argentine NORP agb-435 228 2 argentine NORP agb-435 229 1 one CARDINAL agb-435 232 1 first ORDINAL agb-435 232 2 second ORDINAL agb-435 234 1 ben-david PERSON agb-435 234 2 2003 DATE agb-435 234 3 two CARDINAL agb-435 242 1 argentina GPE agb-435 243 1 first ORDINAL agb-435 244 1 1 CARDINAL agb-435 247 1 1 CARDINAL agb-435 248 1 phillips-perron test ORG agb-435 250 1 2 CARDINAL agb-435 250 2 0.041 CARDINAL agb-435 250 3 0.0126 CARDINAL agb-435 250 4 0.011 CARDINAL agb-435 250 5 0.0154 CARDINAL agb-435 250 6 2 CARDINAL agb-435 250 7 0.021 CARDINAL agb-435 250 8 0.0043 CARDINAL agb-435 250 9 0.016 CARDINAL agb-435 250 10 0.0054 CARDINAL agb-435 250 11 1 CARDINAL agb-435 252 1 5 CARDINAL agb-435 253 1 0.045 CARDINAL agb-435 253 2 0.0134 CARDINAL agb-435 254 1 0.0386 CARDINAL agb-435 254 2 0.0166 CARDINAL agb-435 254 3 1 CARDINAL agb-435 254 4 1 CARDINAL agb-435 254 5 0.0134 CARDINAL agb-435 254 6 0.0025 CARDINAL agb-435 254 7 0.0036 CARDINAL agb-435 254 8 1 CARDINAL agb-435 254 9 3 CARDINAL agb-435 254 10 0.0384 CARDINAL agb-435 254 11 0.0093 CARDINAL agb-435 254 12 0.0292 CARDINAL agb-435 254 13 0.0151 CARDINAL agb-435 254 14 3 CARDINAL agb-435 254 15 5 -32.327 CARDINAL agb-435 254 16 0.0151 CARDINAL agb-435 254 17 0.0029 CARDINAL agb-435 254 18 0.0265 CARDINAL agb-435 254 19 0.0047 CARDINAL agb-435 254 20 2 CARDINAL agb-435 254 21 1% PERCENT agb-435 254 22 5% PERCENT agb-435 254 23 10% PERCENT agb-435 257 1 12 CARDINAL agb-435 257 2 13 CARDINAL agb-435 258 1 two CARDINAL agb-435 258 2 two CARDINAL agb-435 258 3 lumsdaine & papell ORG agb-435 258 4 1997 DATE agb-435 259 1 lumsdaine & papell ORG agb-435 259 2 1997 DATE agb-435 259 3 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 259 4 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 259 5 117 CARDINAL agb-435 259 6 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 259 7 china GPE agb-435 259 8 argentina GPE agb-435 261 1 𝑖=1 GPE agb-435 262 1 tbj ORG agb-435 263 1 tbj ORG agb-435 263 2 0 CARDINAL agb-435 264 1 tb1 ORG agb-435 264 2 first ORDINAL agb-435 264 3 tbj ORG agb-435 266 1 k=0 PERSON agb-435 267 1 tb1 PERSON agb-435 267 2 tb2 CARDINAL agb-435 268 1 tb1 PERSON agb-435 268 2 tb2 PERSON agb-435 272 1 three CARDINAL agb-435 273 1 first ORDINAL agb-435 273 2 a.a. GPE agb-435 273 3 two CARDINAL agb-435 274 1 second ORDINAL agb-435 274 2 two CARDINAL agb-435 274 3 one CARDINAL agb-435 275 1 two CARDINAL agb-435 276 1 𝑖=1 GPE agb-435 277 1 𝑖=1 GPE agb-435 279 1 𝑖=1 GPE agb-435 280 1 2 CARDINAL agb-435 281 1 three CARDINAL agb-435 281 2 around 1997 DATE agb-435 282 1 argentina GPE agb-435 282 2 upov78 ORG agb-435 282 3 1991 DATE agb-435 283 1 1998 DATE agb-435 284 1 2 CARDINAL agb-435 284 2 two CARDINAL agb-435 285 1 tb1 tb2 ORG agb-435 285 2 1998 DATE agb-435 285 3 1986 DATE agb-435 285 4 1 CARDINAL agb-435 285 5 3.29 CARDINAL agb-435 285 6 2011 2000 DATE agb-435 285 7 1 CARDINAL agb-435 285 8 2.62 CARDINAL agb-435 285 9 1.68 CARDINAL agb-435 285 10 2012 DATE agb-435 285 11 -2.71 CARDINAL agb-435 285 12 2.21 CARDINAL agb-435 285 13 2.68 CARDINAL agb-435 285 14 1997 2008 DATE agb-435 285 15 1 CARDINAL agb-435 285 16 6.27 CARDINAL agb-435 285 17 3.05 CARDINAL agb-435 285 18 1997 2006 DATE agb-435 285 19 1 CARDINAL agb-435 285 20 -7.10 DATE agb-435 285 21 2003 DATE agb-435 285 22 1987 DATE agb-435 285 23 4 CARDINAL agb-435 285 24 ben-david et al. PERSON agb-435 285 25 2003 DATE agb-435 285 26 1% PERCENT agb-435 285 27 2.5% PERCENT agb-435 285 28 5% PERCENT agb-435 285 29 10% PERCENT agb-435 285 30 1% PERCENT agb-435 285 31 2.5% PERCENT agb-435 285 32 5% PERCENT agb-435 285 33 10% PERCENT agb-435 285 34 1% PERCENT agb-435 285 35 -6.95 ORG agb-435 285 36 2.5% PERCENT agb-435 285 37 -6.75 ORG agb-435 285 38 5% PERCENT agb-435 285 39 -6.48 ORG agb-435 285 40 10% PERCENT agb-435 285 41 2000 DATE agb-435 285 42 2011 DATE agb-435 286 1 the early 2000s DATE agb-435 286 2 2008 DATE agb-435 287 1 1997 DATE agb-435 287 2 2008 DATE agb-435 288 1 1987 DATE agb-435 288 2 2003 DATE agb-435 289 1 the 2000s DATE agb-435 291 1 granger causality PERSON agb-435 291 2 hamilton PERSON agb-435 291 3 1994 DATE agb-435 292 1 14 CARDINAL agb-435 292 2 e(t 2|t-1, DATE agb-435 292 3 e(|t| 4+|t-1, TIME agb-435 293 1 15 CARDINAL agb-435 296 1 two CARDINAL agb-435 297 1 hamilton PERSON agb-435 297 2 1994 DATE agb-435 297 3 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 297 4 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 297 5 118 CARDINAL agb-435 297 6 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 297 7 china GPE agb-435 297 8 argentina GPE agb-435 299 1 309 CARDINAL agb-435 301 1 five CARDINAL agb-435 303 1 3 CARDINAL agb-435 304 1 cornvt cornyt PERSON agb-435 304 2 0.007 CARDINAL agb-435 304 3 0.23 CARDINAL agb-435 304 4 0.313 CARDINAL agb-435 304 5 2.12 CARDINAL agb-435 304 6 0.058 CARDINAL agb-435 304 7 1.85 CARDINAL agb-435 304 8 0.173 CARDINAL agb-435 304 9 1.19 CARDINAL agb-435 304 10 0.023 CARDINAL agb-435 304 11 0.75 CARDINAL agb-435 304 12 0.092 CARDINAL agb-435 304 13 0.14 CARDINAL agb-435 304 14 0.314 CARDINAL agb-435 304 15 2.16 CARDINAL agb-435 304 16 0.145 CARDINAL agb-435 304 17 1.00 CARDINAL agb-435 304 18 1.207 CARDINAL agb-435 304 19 1.84 CARDINAL agb-435 304 20 0.294 CARDINAL agb-435 304 21 2.11 CARDINAL agb-435 304 22 1.804 CARDINAL agb-435 304 23 1.88 CARDINAL agb-435 304 24 55.62 CARDINAL agb-435 304 25 269.93 CARDINAL agb-435 307 1 4 CARDINAL agb-435 308 1 0.192 CARDINAL agb-435 308 2 1.16 CARDINAL agb-435 308 3 0.028 CARDINAL agb-435 308 4 1.04 CARDINAL agb-435 308 5 0.327 CARDINAL agb-435 308 6 1.93 CARDINAL agb-435 308 7 0.084 CARDINAL agb-435 308 8 3.02 CARDINAL agb-435 308 9 0.103 (0.12 MONEY agb-435 308 10 0.032 CARDINAL agb-435 308 11 0.22 CARDINAL agb-435 308 12 0.572 CARDINAL agb-435 308 13 0.67 CARDINAL agb-435 308 14 0.175 CARDINAL agb-435 308 15 1.22 CARDINAL agb-435 308 16 -3.75 ORG agb-435 308 17 5.840 CARDINAL agb-435 308 18 4.19 CARDINAL agb-435 308 19 14.42 CARDINAL agb-435 308 20 30.40 CARDINAL agb-435 311 1 5 CARDINAL agb-435 312 1 wheaton ORG agb-435 312 2 0.170 CARDINAL agb-435 312 3 1.20 CARDINAL agb-435 312 4 0.062 CARDINAL agb-435 312 5 1.50 CARDINAL agb-435 312 6 0.118 CARDINAL agb-435 312 7 0.88 CARDINAL agb-435 312 8 0.051 CARDINAL agb-435 312 9 1.29 CARDINAL agb-435 312 10 0.006 CARDINAL agb-435 312 11 0.19 CARDINAL agb-435 312 12 0.303 CARDINAL agb-435 312 13 3.01 CARDINAL agb-435 312 14 0.080 CARDINAL agb-435 312 15 2.71 CARDINAL agb-435 312 16 1.15 CARDINAL agb-435 312 17 0.276 CARDINAL agb-435 312 18 1.79 CARDINAL agb-435 312 19 0.449 CARDINAL agb-435 312 20 0.83 CARDINAL agb-435 312 21 0.051 CARDINAL agb-435 312 22 0.32 CARDINAL agb-435 312 23 1.094 CARDINAL agb-435 312 24 2.14 CARDINAL agb-435 312 25 0.148 CARDINAL agb-435 312 26 0.99 CARDINAL agb-435 312 27 4.458 CARDINAL agb-435 312 28 2.73 CARDINAL agb-435 312 29 78.35 CARDINAL agb-435 312 30 94.25 CARDINAL agb-435 316 1 granger PERSON agb-435 316 2 6 CARDINAL agb-435 317 1 2012 DATE agb-435 319 1 6 CARDINAL agb-435 320 1 6 CARDINAL agb-435 320 2 granger causality PERSON agb-435 321 1 4.4607 CARDINAL agb-435 321 2 4.2606 0.235 CARDINAL agb-435 321 3 soyy chi- PERSON agb-435 321 4 0.493 CARDINAL agb-435 321 5 0.782 MONEY agb-435 321 6 11.364 0.003 CARDINAL agb-435 321 7 wheatv chi PERSON agb-435 321 8 8.5986 0.072 CARDINAL agb-435 321 9 9.6321 0.047 CARDINAL agb-435 325 1 argentina GPE agb-435 326 1 first ORDINAL agb-435 326 2 kesan & gallo ORG agb-435 326 3 2005 DATE agb-435 327 1 argentina GPE agb-435 329 1 second ORDINAL agb-435 329 2 argentine NORP agb-435 335 1 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 335 2 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 336 1 119 CARDINAL agb-435 336 2 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 336 3 china GPE agb-435 336 4 argentina GPE agb-435 340 1 chinese NORP agb-435 340 2 2023 CARDINAL agb-435 341 1 argentina GPE agb-435 345 1 argentina GPE agb-435 345 2 u.s. GPE agb-435 345 3 brazil GPE agb-435 346 1 argentina GPE agb-435 348 1 argentina GPE agb-435 350 1 argentina GPE agb-435 351 1 argentina GPE agb-435 351 2 one CARDINAL agb-435 351 3 china GPE agb-435 352 1 the last two decades DATE agb-435 352 2 china GPE agb-435 353 1 argentina GPE agb-435 353 2 brazil GPE agb-435 353 3 u.s. GPE agb-435 355 1 china GPE agb-435 356 1 one CARDINAL agb-435 358 1 argentina GPE agb-435 358 2 brazil GPE agb-435 358 3 u.s. GPE agb-435 359 1 argentina GPE agb-435 361 1 argentina GPE agb-435 364 1 argentina GPE agb-435 367 1 first ORDINAL agb-435 368 1 second ORDINAL agb-435 371 1 ben-david PERSON agb-435 371 2 d. NORP agb-435 371 3 r. l. PERSON agb-435 371 4 d. h. PERSON agb-435 371 5 2003 DATE agb-435 372 1 two CARDINAL agb-435 373 1 28(2 GPE agb-435 373 2 303 CARDINAL agb-435 374 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001810200132 brookes PERSON agb-435 374 2 2020 DATE agb-435 375 1 gm ORG agb-435 375 2 1996-2018 DATE agb-435 376 1 gm crops & food ORG agb-435 376 2 11(4 DATE agb-435 376 3 242-261 CARDINAL agb-435 377 1 m., de hoyos PERSON agb-435 377 2 r. e. PERSON agb-435 377 3 medvedev GPE agb-435 377 4 d., & van der mensbrugghe ORG agb-435 377 5 2012 DATE agb-435 378 1 china GPE agb-435 378 2 india GPE agb-435 379 1 2(2 CARDINAL agb-435 379 2 1-29 CARDINAL agb-435 380 1 10.1515/1948-1837.1041 DATE agb-435 380 2 r. PERSON agb-435 380 3 2016 DATE agb-435 381 1 latin america LOC agb-435 381 2 china GPE agb-435 382 1 chinese NORP agb-435 382 2 9(3 CARDINAL agb-435 382 3 213 CARDINAL agb-435 384 1 2016-0022 DATE agb-435 385 1 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 385 2 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 385 3 120 CARDINAL agb-435 385 4 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 385 5 china GPE agb-435 385 6 argentina GPE agb-435 386 1 chen PERSON agb-435 387 1 j., li PERSON agb-435 387 2 wong GPE agb-435 387 3 h.-y. GPE agb-435 387 4 wong GPE agb-435 387 5 wu PERSON agb-435 387 6 t. GPE agb-435 387 7 2022 CARDINAL agb-435 388 1 chinese NORP agb-435 389 1 12(5 CARDINAL agb-435 389 2 624 CARDINAL agb-435 390 1 x. GPE agb-435 390 2 huang PERSON agb-435 390 3 j., rozelle, s., & uchida PERSON agb-435 390 4 2008 DATE agb-435 391 1 china GPE agb-435 392 1 journal of urban economics ORG agb-435 392 2 63(1 CARDINAL agb-435 392 3 96 CARDINAL agb-435 395 1 org/10.1016 PERSON agb-435 395 2 j. PERSON agb-435 395 3 felipe GPE agb-435 395 4 m. s. s. PERSON agb-435 395 5 d. l. PERSON agb-435 395 6 lema PERSON agb-435 395 7 m. PERSON agb-435 395 8 2021 CARDINAL agb-435 397 1 30(4 CARDINAL agb-435 397 2 551 CARDINAL agb-435 399 1 1007 DATE agb-435 399 2 021-00257-8 CARDINAL agb-435 399 3 t. m. PERSON agb-435 399 4 2023 CARDINAL agb-435 400 1 china GPE agb-435 401 1 23(3 CARDINAL agb-435 401 2 477-499 CARDINAL agb-435 402 1 feenstra NORP agb-435 402 2 r., & hong ORG agb-435 402 3 2022 CARDINAL agb-435 403 1 china GPE agb-435 403 2 one CARDINAL agb-435 404 1 30(1 CARDINAL agb-435 404 2 345 CARDINAL agb-435 405 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12568 filomeno PERSON agb-435 405 2 f. a. PERSON agb-435 405 3 2013a DATE agb-435 406 1 argentine NORP agb-435 406 2 monsanto ORG agb-435 407 1 latin america LOC agb-435 407 2 5(3 CARDINAL agb-435 407 3 35 CARDINAL agb-435 408 1 x1300500302 filomeno, f. a. PERSON agb-435 408 2 2013b DATE agb-435 409 1 south american NORP agb-435 410 1 139 CARDINAL agb-435 412 1 1016 CARDINAL agb-435 412 2 m. p. PERSON agb-435 412 3 salles-filho PRODUCT agb-435 412 4 s., de carvalho PERSON agb-435 412 5 s. p., PERSON agb-435 412 6 m. b. m. PERSON agb-435 412 7 2008 DATE agb-435 413 1 brazil GPE agb-435 413 2 argentina GPE agb-435 414 1 international journal of technology management & ORG agb-435 414 2 7(3 CARDINAL agb-435 414 3 223 CARDINAL agb-435 415 1 2018 DATE agb-435 417 1 40(3 CARDINAL agb-435 417 2 421 CARDINAL agb-435 418 1 e., & martin ORG agb-435 418 2 w. PERSON agb-435 418 3 2016 DATE agb-435 419 1 china GPE agb-435 419 2 the 21st century DATE agb-435 420 1 china GPE agb-435 421 1 journal of agricultural economics ORG agb-435 421 2 67(1 DATE agb-435 421 3 3-23 CARDINAL agb-435 422 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12117 NORP agb-435 422 2 a. a. PERSON agb-435 422 3 j. p. PERSON agb-435 422 4 2006 DATE agb-435 423 1 united states GPE agb-435 423 2 argentina GPE agb-435 424 1 minnesota GPE agb-435 424 2 science & technology ORG agb-435 424 3 7(2 CARDINAL agb-435 424 4 565 CARDINAL agb-435 424 5 2012 DATE agb-435 425 1 u.s. GPE agb-435 426 1 59 CARDINAL agb-435 427 1 m. e. PERSON agb-435 427 2 2020 DATE agb-435 428 1 south america LOC agb-435 429 1 china GPE agb-435 430 1 20(1 CARDINAL agb-435 430 2 60 CARDINAL agb-435 431 1 hamilton PERSON agb-435 431 2 j. d. PERSON agb-435 431 3 1994 DATE agb-435 433 1 princeton university press ORG agb-435 434 1 80691218632 DATE agb-435 434 2 j.-p. GPE agb-435 434 3 j.-m GPE agb-435 435 1 2016 CARDINAL agb-435 436 1 china GPE agb-435 437 1 23(6 CARDINAL agb-435 437 2 https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2016044 janis PERSON agb-435 437 3 m. d. PERSON agb-435 438 1 j. p. PERSON agb-435 438 2 2002 DATE agb-435 440 1 houston GPE agb-435 440 2 39 DATE agb-435 440 3 727 CARDINAL agb-435 442 1 2020 DATE agb-435 443 1 china GPE agb-435 444 1 columbia university press ORG agb-435 445 1 https://cup.columbia.edu/book/in -chinas-wake/9780231187978 ORG agb-435 445 2 l. GPE agb-435 445 3 k. c., & bai PERSON agb-435 445 4 j. ( PERSON agb-435 445 5 2015 CARDINAL agb-435 446 1 china GPE agb-435 447 1 china GPE agb-435 447 2 7(2 CARDINAL agb-435 447 3 240-261 CARDINAL agb-435 448 1 https://doi.org/10.11 08/caer-11-2013-0150 DATE agb-435 448 2 kesan ORG agb-435 448 3 j. p., & gallo ORG agb-435 448 4 a. a. PERSON agb-435 448 5 2005 DATE agb-435 449 1 argentina GPE agb-435 450 1 8(2&3 CARDINAL agb-435 450 2 118 CARDINAL agb-435 451 1 kesan ORG agb-435 451 2 j. p., & gallo ORG agb-435 451 3 a. a. PERSON agb-435 451 4 2007 DATE agb-435 452 1 argentina GPE agb-435 453 1 j. p. kesan PERSON agb-435 453 2 216230 DATE agb-435 456 1 1079/9781845932015.0216 CARDINAL agb-435 456 2 h. s. PERSON agb-435 456 3 f. v. PERSON agb-435 456 4 2023 CARDINAL agb-435 457 1 brazil GPE agb-435 457 2 1950 DATE agb-435 457 3 1st ORDINAL agb-435 458 1 palgrave macmillan cham PERSON agb-435 459 1 org/10.1007/978-3-031-38589 CARDINAL agb-435 459 2 h. s. PERSON agb-435 459 3 f. PERSON agb-435 459 4 2021 CARDINAL agb-435 460 1 south america LOC agb-435 460 2 brazil GPE agb-435 460 3 argentina GPE agb-435 461 1 journal of iberian ORG agb-435 461 2 latin american NORP agb-435 461 3 39(3 CARDINAL agb-435 461 4 427 CARDINAL agb-435 462 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0212610920000269 kolady PERSON agb-435 462 2 d. e., & lesser PERSON agb-435 462 3 w. PERSON agb-435 462 4 2009a DATE agb-435 465 1 journal of agricultural economics ORG agb-435 465 2 60(1 CARDINAL agb-435 465 3 62 CARDINAL agb-435 467 1 https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/430 NORP agb-435 467 2 https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/430 NORP agb-435 467 3 27(1 CARDINAL agb-435 467 4 2025 CARDINAL agb-435 467 5 121 CARDINAL agb-435 467 6 gallo & kesan ORG agb-435 467 7 china GPE agb-435 467 8 argentina GPE agb-435 468 1 kolady PERSON agb-435 468 2 w. PERSON agb-435 468 3 2009b DATE agb-435 471 1 the journal of world intellectual property ORG agb-435 471 2 12(2 DATE agb-435 471 3 137 CARDINAL agb-435 473 1 1111 GPE agb-435 473 2 1796.2009.00354.x CARDINAL agb-435 473 3 r. l. PERSON agb-435 473 4 d. h. ( ORG agb-435 473 5 1997 DATE agb-435 475 1 79(2 CARDINAL agb-435 475 2 212 CARDINAL agb-435 476 1 mcarthur GPE agb-435 476 2 j. w. PERSON agb-435 476 3 & mccord PERSON agb-435 476 4 g. c. PERSON agb-435 476 5 2017 CARDINAL agb-435 478 1 journal of development economics ORG agb-435 478 2 127 CARDINAL agb-435 478 3 133 CARDINAL agb-435 480 1 1016 CARDINAL agb-435 480 2 j. f., & schimmelpfennig PERSON agb-435 480 3 d. e. PERSON agb-435 480 4 2005 DATE agb-435 483 1 8(2&3 CARDINAL agb-435 483 2 100-107 CARDINAL agb-435 486 1 oecd ORG agb-435 487 1 2018 DATE agb-435 489 1 oecd ORG agb-435 489 2 paris GPE agb-435 490 1 2017 CARDINAL agb-435 491 1 gm ORG agb-435 491 2 argentina GPE agb-435 492 1 99 CARDINAL agb-435 492 2 452 CARDINAL agb-435 493 1 10.1016 CARDINAL agb-435 493 2 j.worlddev.2017.05.033 rositano, f. PERSON agb-435 493 3 s. GPE agb-435 493 4 durand, p., & laterra ORG agb-435 493 5 2022 CARDINAL agb-435 494 1 the 2001–2010 decade DATE agb-435 494 2 argentina GPE agb-435 494 3 39, 100343 DATE agb-435 495 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100343 smith PERSON agb-435 495 2 j., & katovich ORG agb-435 495 3 e. s. PERSON agb-435 495 4 2017 CARDINAL agb-435 497 1 latin america LOC agb-435 498 1 39(2 CARDINAL agb-435 498 2 286 CARDINAL agb-435 499 1 c. s. PERSON agb-435 499 2 2004 DATE agb-435 501 1 26(4 CARDINAL agb-435 501 2 445 CARDINAL agb-435 503 1 9353.2004.00193.x CARDINAL agb-435 503 2 tripp NORP agb-435 503 3 r. NORP agb-435 503 4 n., & eaton ORG agb-435 503 5 d. GPE agb-435 503 6 2007 DATE agb-435 506 1 32(3 CARDINAL agb-435 506 2 354 CARDINAL agb-435 508 1 december 2, 1961 DATE agb-435 508 2 geneva GPE agb-435 508 3 november 10, 1972 DATE agb-435 508 4 october 23, 1978 DATE agb-435 508 5 march 19, 1991 DATE agb-435 512 1 2023 CARDINAL agb-435 513 1 usda agricultural ORG agb-435 513 2 2032 CARDINAL agb-435 514 1 united states department of agriculture ORG agb-435 516 1 m. d., & marinho PERSON agb-435 516 2 m. e. p. PERSON agb-435 516 3 2013 DATE agb-435 517 1 monsanto ORG agb-435 517 2 the european court of justice ORG agb-435 518 1 tulane journal of technology & intellectual property ORG agb-435 518 2 16 CARDINAL agb-435 518 3 79 CARDINAL agb-435 518 4 https://journals.tulane.edu/tip/article/view/2633 yan PERSON agb-435 518 5 j., xue PERSON agb-435 518 6 quan GPE agb-435 518 7 c. GPE agb-435 518 8 wang GPE agb-435 518 9 b. PERSON agb-435 518 10 2023 CARDINAL agb-435 519 1 china GPE agb-435 520 1 36(2 CARDINAL agb-435 520 2 2142818 DATE agb-435 522 1 zhou PERSON agb-435 522 2 m., sheldon PERSON agb-435 522 3 i., & eum ORG agb-435 522 4 j. (2018 ORG agb-435 523 1 u.s. GPE agb-435 524 1 agricultural economics ORG agb-435 524 2 49(4 DATE agb-435 524 3 423 CARDINAL agb-435 525 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppw021 ORG