item: #1 of 872 id: afs-100693 author: None title: afs-100693 date: 2021-03-31 words: 8210 flesch: 64 summary: Production costs were calculated for whole crop barley silage, triticale silage, faba bean-wheat silage, and clo- ver-timothy silage. For example, barley whole crop silage has a different value for dairy feeding than high quality grass silage. keywords: barley; barley varieties; costs; crop; fertilizer; kg-1; p<0.05; production; rate; seed; silage; triticale; varieties; variety; wheat; yield cache: afs-100693.pdf plain text: afs-100693.txt item: #2 of 872 id: afs-101280 author: None title: afs-101280 date: 2021-03-31 words: 4840 flesch: 60 summary: In our trials, the application of AgravitaActive caused a rise in the content of magnesium in winter oilseed rape seeds. AA48 and AA70 contributed to an increase in the macroelement content in oilseed rape seeds (Table 5). keywords: aa48; autumn; content; ha-1; mg ha-1; oilseed; oilseed rape; rape; winter; yield cache: afs-101280.pdf plain text: afs-101280.txt item: #3 of 872 id: afs-101446 author: None title: afs-101446 date: 2021-03-31 words: 4616 flesch: 51 summary: The two species exhibit contrasting temperature optimums for pathogenicity and growth (Pérombelon and Kel- man 1980, Pérombelon et al. 1987, du Raan et al. 2016). However, reports from several studies indicate that the cardinal, optimal and growth range temperatures of the blackleg enterobacteria appeared to overlap (du Raan et al. 2016), making it difficult to draw a well-defined demarcation and justify temperature as a sole mechanism for such strong species selection (Pérombelon et al. 1979, Molina and Harrison 1980, Pérombelon and Kelman 1980, Pérombelon et al. 1987, du Raan et al. 2016, Abdullah et al. 2017). keywords: blackleg; dickeya; et al; finland; pectobacterium; plant; potato; solani; species cache: afs-101446.pdf plain text: afs-101446.txt item: #4 of 872 id: afs-101833 author: None title: afs-101833 date: 2021-06-30 words: 7326 flesch: 62 summary: I E N C E Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 74–84 74 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.101833 A comparison of grass silages harvested at first, second and third cut on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows Auvo Sairanen1, Sari Kajava1, Annu Palmio1 and Marketta Rinne2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: auvo.sairanen@luke.fi The objective of this study was to compare the milk production potential of subsequent first, second and third cuts of grass silage from the same sward in Northern latitudes. Milk production potential of regrowth grass silages. keywords: content; cut; exp; experiment; grass; intake; milk; production; regrowth; silages cache: afs-101833.pdf plain text: afs-101833.txt item: #5 of 872 id: afs-103062 author: None title: afs-103062 date: 2021-09-29 words: 7663 flesch: 43 summary: Findings presented here have implications for policy related to agricultural land regulation and the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. For instance, focusing on price drivers, Lehn and Bahrs (2018) found urban sprawl and livestock production to be the most important factors driving the price of agricultural land in Germany and suggested a focus on regulation that underlines these factors instead of new land price related regulations if society is seeking a reduction in land prices. keywords: agricultural; farmers; farms; forestry; forestry land; forestry owners; laa; land; market; models; owners; regulation; respondents cache: afs-103062.pdf plain text: afs-103062.txt item: #6 of 872 id: afs-103422 author: None title: afs-103422 date: 2021-10-22 words: 7737 flesch: 55 summary: Rå- belöv site also showed significantly increased Tot-P concentrations at early liming date, without turbidity show- ing significant differences between the treatments. This was supported by the fact that concentrations in lysimeter leachate of all phosphorus fractions were 6–7 times higher for Krapperup than for Kornheddinge at early liming date. keywords: aggregate; date; early; lime; liming; normal; phosphorus; sites; size; soil; stability; structure; tillage; turbidity cache: afs-103422.pdf plain text: afs-103422.txt item: #7 of 872 id: afs-107898 author: None title: afs-107898 date: 2021-06-30 words: 7754 flesch: 60 summary: I E N C E Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 85–95 85 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.107898 Effect of daily light integral treatments on free amino acids and sugars contributing flavor and acrylamide formation in potato tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. Minna K. Rotola-Pukkila1,3, Anna-Liisa Välimaa2, Jukka-Pekka Suomela3, Baoru Yang3, Saila Karhu4 and Anu I. Hopia1 1University of Turku, Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, FI-20014 Turku, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland 3University of Turku, Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development, FI-20014 Turku, Finland 4Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland e-mail: minna.rotola-pukkila@utu.fi To study the effect of photoperiodic conditions on the chemical composition of potato tubers, seven cultivars, grown under controlled conditions, were evaluated for the content of free amino acids (FAA) and sugars. In this research, we study the effects of high latitude light conditions during the growing season on the quality of potato tubers. keywords: acid; amino; analysis; concentration; conditions; cultivars; day; faas; finland; food; glucose; light; potato; sugars; tubers cache: afs-107898.pdf plain text: afs-107898.txt item: #8 of 872 id: afs-107978 author: None title: afs-107978 date: 2022-04-25 words: 4842 flesch: 64 summary: The determined levels of contamination were significantly lower than a maximum acceptable level specified in the provisions of the food law at the level of 50.0 μg kg-1 for apple juice. When considering the value of the average daily consumption of apple juice in Poland, the PAT daily intake from apple juice did not exceed the tolerable daily intake in any of the examined samples and amounted to a maximum of 1.6% of PMTDI. keywords: apple; children; food; juice; kg-1; level; pat; products; samples cache: afs-107978.pdf plain text: afs-107978.txt item: #9 of 872 id: afs-108983 author: None title: afs-108983 date: 2021-12-30 words: 206 flesch: 67 summary: The locations of sample fields by years and by pollen beetle resistance levels against lambda-cyhalothrin L. Kann et al. iii Suppl. The shapes denote observed mortality in different fields, with bigger crossed shapes joined by lines marking out the marginal means which have been estimated using a logistics model, taking into consideration the effects of dosage, year, and host crop, and all two-way and three-way interactions. keywords: fields cache: afs-108983.pdf plain text: afs-108983.txt item: #10 of 872 id: afs-109657 author: None title: afs-109657 date: 2021-12-30 words: 5317 flesch: 65 summary: Average 4-year plant population of white lupin plants depending on row spacing and plant density Factors Year Mean 2016 2017 2018 2019 Row spacing (RS) cm 16 67.3 63.7 63.4 65.3 64.9 32 66.3 66.7 66.8 68.1 67.0 Plant density (PD) 60 56.6 c Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) for total rainfall in different months, for the entire vegetation period and seed yield white lupin Month April May June July August June–August April–August R 0.537 ns 0.019 ns 0.622 ns 0.758 ns 0.937 ns 0.930 ns 0.961 * * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ns = not significant b a c c 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 2016 2017 2018 2019 t. h a- 1 b a c c 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2016 2017 2018 2019 kg .h a- 1 (a) (b) Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 158–165 162 On average for the research years, the number of pods per white lupin plant was 7.03 (Table 6). keywords: 2017; 2018; density; et al; lupin; ns ns; plant; plant density; seed; white; yield cache: afs-109657.pdf plain text: afs-109657.txt item: #11 of 872 id: afs-110877 author: None title: afs-110877 date: 2021-12-30 words: 8769 flesch: 57 summary: (Effect of genetically modified soybean and ‘’00’’ rapeseed meals on pig fattening performance and technological and sensory prop- erties of pig meat). Legume seeds, including yellow lupin (YL) and faba bean (FB) seeds, are another source of protein in pig diets. keywords: animal; carcass; content; diets; et al; fed; growing; meal; meat; pigs; points; protein; quality; rsm; sbm; science; seeds cache: afs-110877.pdf plain text: afs-110877.txt item: #12 of 872 id: afs-111107 author: None title: afs-111107 date: 2021-12-31 words: 9974 flesch: 63 summary: Organic soils Peat 0.20 ± 0.14 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.17 0.24 0.42 0.59 Mull 0.14 ± 0.14 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.21 0.70 Mineral soils Heavy Clay 0.16 ± 0.07 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.20 0.40 Clay 0.13 ± 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.21 0.77 Medium 0.14 ± 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.17 1.80 Coarse 0.09 ± 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.36 Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 131–145 137 The mean contents of exchangeable K+ approached an average of 0.70 cmol(+) kg-1 in clay soils, while it averaged 0.36 cmol(+) kg-1 among other soil types. Further, recent studies have shown that soil clay to C ratio plays a key role in determining soil structural stability and yield potential (Soinne et al. 2016, Soinne et al. 2021). keywords: cec; clay; cmol(+; content; data; finland; kg-1; mineral; organic; soc; soils; table cache: afs-111107.pdf plain text: afs-111107.txt item: #13 of 872 id: afs-112241 author: None title: afs-112241 date: 2022-04-25 words: 8682 flesch: 59 summary: Variability of FI differs in farm size quartiles and is significantly lower in case of largest 25% of farms. The role of subsidies in stabilising farm income: Evidence from Estonia Olha Aleksandrova1, Tetiana Zhmykhova2 and Ants-Hannes Viira1 1Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Fr. keywords: farms; income; level; livestock; pse; quartile; size; subsidies; total cache: afs-112241.pdf plain text: afs-112241.txt item: #14 of 872 id: afs-112827 author: None title: afs-112827 date: 2022-04-25 words: 9343 flesch: 58 summary: Forecasts for late blight are not com- monly used in Finland because the time window to treat potato crops is very narrow, due to the shortness of the growing season. The results of this study form a basis for analyzing ecotoxicological risks of PPP use in the studied crops because usage and spray fre- quencies alone do not convey the risk levels accurately. keywords: 2003–2019; carrot; crops; data; field; finland; ha-1; institute; number; pea; potato; ppps; resistance; slope; swede; use cache: afs-112827.pdf plain text: afs-112827.txt item: #15 of 872 id: afs-113471 author: None title: afs-113471 date: 2022-09-26 words: 9601 flesch: 56 summary: Otherwise, silage harvest effects on milk composition were minor except for a low- er (p< 0.01) protein concentration when second rather than first harvest was fed. The model in Exp 2 included period, block, grass silage harvest, the amount of con- centrate and the interaction between the amount of concentrate and harvest as fixed-class variables, and cow was used as a random variable. keywords: concentrate; cows; digestibility; et al; exp; harvest; intake; milk; production; silage cache: afs-113471.pdf plain text: afs-113471.txt item: #16 of 872 id: afs-113476 author: None title: afs-113476 date: 2022-04-25 words: 8337 flesch: 61 summary: Effect of weed harrowing on aerially-dry matter of individual weed plant at anthesis of triticale and at full maturity of triticale-lupin mixture. Harrowing timing and intensity Aerially-dry matter of individual weed plant (g) anthesis of triticale harvest CP1) (0.71) 0.23 ab2,3) keywords: control; density; grain; harrowing; leaf; lupin; mixture; plant; research; tillering; triticale; weed; yield cache: afs-113476.pdf plain text: afs-113476.txt item: #17 of 872 id: afs-113478 author: None title: afs-113478 date: 2022-07-03 words: 7057 flesch: 58 summary: Red clover cultivars vary in quality based on the stage of development at harvest and on whether they are diploid or tetraploid. There were significant differences between red clover cultivars in DM concentration and DM yield, although with plant growth and development, DM yield increased from 5.03 to 8.46 t ha-1 in the DRCC and from 5.03 to 8.60 t ha-1 in the TRCC, respectively. keywords: 0.001; cho; clover; cultivar; development; drcc; kg-1; protein; stage; trcc cache: afs-113478.pdf plain text: afs-113478.txt item: #18 of 872 id: afs-113503 author: None title: afs-113503 date: 2022-04-25 words: 6421 flesch: 59 summary: The present study examined the effect of different light sources and their position in exposure sequence on the yield and quality of red winter lettuce plants grown under, otherwise, the same environmental conditions. The number of leaves, fresh and dry weight were significantly higher for plants treated only with HPS lights, whereas the red pigmentation was enhanced in plants grown only under LEDs. keywords: growth; hps; leds; lettuce; light; lighting; period; plants; red; temperature; weeks cache: afs-113503.pdf plain text: afs-113503.txt item: #19 of 872 id: afs-113752 author: None title: afs-113752 date: 2022-04-28 words: 7245 flesch: 60 summary: Im- proved genetics, nutrition, and overall management have all contributed to the reduction in CH 4 intensity due P. Huhtanen et al. 8 to increased milk production efficiency. Effects of changing cow production and fitness traits on profit and greenhouse gas emissions of UK dairy systems. keywords: cows; dairy; ecm; efficiency; feed; intensity; kg-1; methane; milk; production; yield cache: afs-113752.pdf plain text: afs-113752.txt item: #20 of 872 id: afs-113911 author: None title: afs-113911 date: 2022-07-03 words: 8840 flesch: 61 summary: Today, more than 56 percent of the milk produced in Norway comes from dairy farms with AMS, and the percentage is increasing (Mikalsen et al. 2021). A rapid structural change is on- going, and in the period 2014 to 2019 the number of dairy farms decreased by 6.9 percent annually (IFCN 2020). keywords: agriculture; average; cows; dairy; farmers; farmland; farms; housing; investment; milk; norway; number; stalls; tie; vestland cache: afs-113911.pdf plain text: afs-113911.txt item: #21 of 872 id: afs-115262 author: None title: afs-115262 date: 2022-12-28 words: 12364 flesch: 68 summary: n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. o DM losses [g kg-1] n.s. o n.s. * keywords: adl; andfom; ash; chemical; crude; detergent; digestibility; dry; g dm; g kg-1; g urea; hft; kg-1 dm; n.s; naoh; science; storage; straw; table; treatments; trial; urea; urea kg-1 cache: afs-115262.pdf plain text: afs-115262.txt item: #22 of 872 id: afs-115275 author: None title: afs-115275 date: 2022-09-26 words: 8510 flesch: 58 summary: The effect of supplemented chestnut tannin to grass silage either at ensiling or at feeding on lamb performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality Vahel J. Taha1, James A. Huntington2, Robert G. Wilkinson2 and Dave Davies3 1College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 2Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK 3Silage Solution ltd., Aberystwyth, Wales, UK e-mail: vahel.taha@uod.ac This study was designed to investigate the effect of supplemented chestnut hydrolysable tannin (HT) both at ensiling and at feeding on lamb growth, carcass characteristic, and meat quality. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00140-1 The effect of supplemented chestnut tannin to grass silageeither at ensiling or at feeding on lamb performance, carcasscharacteristics and meat quality Introduction Materials and methods Silage production and experimental design Animal and experimental diet formulation Lamb performance Statistical analyses Results Effect of supplemented tannin lamb performance Metabolic profile Rumen fermentation Carcass parameters and meat quality Discussion Animal Performance Metabolic profile Rumen fermentation Meat colour and rancidity Conclusion References keywords: animal; chestnut; effect; feeding; kg-1; lambs; meat; protein; ryegrass; ryegrass silage; silage; tannin cache: afs-115275.pdf plain text: afs-115275.txt item: #23 of 872 id: afs-115313 author: None title: afs-115313 date: 2022-09-30 words: 8029 flesch: 55 summary: Soil pH also plays a role, with soil structure being positively influenced on acid soils by an increase in base saturation through cation exchange and a decrease in distances between clay particles leading to aggregation (Wiklander, 1963). Effect of large lime quantities on soil structure, nutrient balance and crop yields. keywords: 2020; aggregate; clay; content; effect; lime; liming; soil; stability; structure; trials cache: afs-115313.pdf plain text: afs-115313.txt item: #24 of 872 id: afs-115327 author: None title: afs-115327 date: 2022-07-03 words: 5973 flesch: 59 summary: Weed harrowing settings represented a compromise between efficient weed control and minimized crop damage. Fig. Weed control in spring barley by harrowing. keywords: album; biomass; cereals; control; crop; emergence; harrowing; post; spring; weed cache: afs-115327.pdf plain text: afs-115327.txt item: #25 of 872 id: afs-115347 author: None title: afs-115347 date: 2022-09-26 words: 5895 flesch: 59 summary: Soil sampling and soil P analyses Soil samples, composed of 15 subsamples, were taken from the (0–20 cm) plough layer of each plot prior to the fertilisation. The used extraction reflects the readily soluble P concentration in soil and extracts about the same amount of soil P as water at 1:50 w/vol ratio (Yli-Halla 1989). keywords: fertilisation; fertiliser; ha-1; lettuce; maximum; phosphorus; plantings; science; soil; spring; yield cache: afs-115347.pdf plain text: afs-115347.txt item: #26 of 872 id: afs-115381 author: None title: afs-115381 date: 2022-09-26 words: 8138 flesch: 56 summary: The strongest effect was observed in T3 silages. The highest content of acetic acid was detected in T3 silages. keywords: acid; cfu; cfu g-1; crop; g-1 l.; lab; rye; silage; stability cache: afs-115381.pdf plain text: afs-115381.txt item: #27 of 872 id: afs-115415 author: None title: afs-115415 date: 2022-10-06 words: 11129 flesch: 49 summary: We were also able to explain the allocation with citizen characteristics to provide informa- tion on which population groups might benefit or suffer from the shifts in agricultural budget allocation. Key words: agricultural policy, budget allocation, compositional data analysis, budget size Introduction Agricultural production faces versatile and often conflicting expectations. keywords: agriculture; allocation; analysis; budget; budget allocation; citizens; cluster; data; et al; farmers; food; model; policy; preferences; production; respondents; support cache: afs-115415.pdf plain text: afs-115415.txt item: #28 of 872 id: afs-116081 author: None title: afs-116081 date: 2022-09-30 words: 5509 flesch: 58 summary: Copy number variations regions (CNVRs) were defined by merging overlapping CNVs to CNVRs using bedtools (Quinlan and Hall 2010). Red bars marks copy number losses and blue bars copy number gains. keywords: analysis; association; finnish; genome; gwas; landrace; loss; number; regions; reproduction; snp; traits; variant; yorkshire cache: afs-116081.pdf plain text: afs-116081.txt item: #29 of 872 id: afs-116192 author: None title: afs-116192 date: 2022-06-12 words: 4756 flesch: 48 summary: Anthocyanins are potent antioxidants in vitro, demonstrated to scavenge superoxide (Sichel et al. 1991, Tsuda et al. 1996) and peroxyl radicals (Wang et al. 1997) as well as nitric oxide (van Acker et al. 1995), and inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by various factors (Tsuda et al. 1996, Narayan et al. 1999, Liu et al. 2015, Sousa et al. 2016). Black carrots owe their colour to the high anthocyanin content. keywords: anthocyanin; antioxidant; black; buffer; carrots; et al; food; hydrogen; orange; peroxide cache: afs-116192.pdf plain text: afs-116192.txt item: #30 of 872 id: afs-119416 author: None title: afs-119416 date: 2022-07-06 words: 6946 flesch: 57 summary: Blue light could better retain glucosinolate content in cabbage sprouts than the dark- ness. More isothiocyanates formation was observed from cabbage sprouts under blue light, which was a result of the promoted myrosinase activity and higher glucosinolate content. keywords: acid; activity; blue; cabbage; cabbage sprouts; content; darkness; fig; food; germination; glucosinolates; isothiocyanates; light; myrosinase; sprouts cache: afs-119416.pdf plain text: afs-119416.txt item: #31 of 872 id: afs-119804 author: None title: afs-119804 date: 2023-03-30 words: 5798 flesch: 56 summary: Globally, milk Se concentration has been reported to vary in the range of 2–60 µg l-1 (Knowles et al. 2006). To our knowledge, the effect of SS/SY mixture on milk Se concentration has rarely been studied. keywords: concentration; dairy; effect; farms; feed; kg-1; milk; organic; selenium; study cache: afs-119804.pdf plain text: afs-119804.txt item: #32 of 872 id: afs-120423 author: None title: afs-120423 date: 2022-10-17 words: 7508 flesch: 61 summary: Soluble carbohydrates on the other hand are crucial for frost hardening and successful overwinter- ing of strawberry plants (Gagnon et al. 1990). Soluble carbohydrates are crucial for frost hardening and their concentration is related to the level of frost hardiness in strawberry plants (Paquin et al. 1989, Gagnon et al. 1990). keywords: cover; development; fall; flower; plants; removal; row; runner; strawberry; yield cache: afs-120423.pdf plain text: afs-120423.txt item: #33 of 872 id: afs-120743 author: None title: afs-120743 date: 2023-03-14 words: 9555 flesch: 45 summary: Currently, there are no explicit policy measures or actions in Finland for addressing the substantial GHG emissions from agricultural peatlands, thus action-oriented knowl- edge is needed to propel actions and create policy measures to reduce GHG emissions from agricultural peatlands. This study is integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in an iterative process to produce action- oriented knowledge for supporting actions to sustainably manage peatlands and reduce the enormous greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural peatlands. keywords: emissions; farmers; finland; finnish; food; ghg; ghg emissions; management; measures; method; peatlands; policy; production; soils; system; wet cache: afs-120743.pdf plain text: afs-120743.txt item: #34 of 872 id: afs-121256 author: None title: afs-121256 date: 2022-11-07 words: 9511 flesch: 57 summary: The middle portions of flag leaves on the main tillers (which were tagged earlier) of the ten plants that were subjected to high temperature stress were measured in triplicates on 0, 5, 12, 16, 20, 24, 26, 29, and 33 days after treatment (DAT) at 09:00. Key words: Avena nuda, temperature stress, physiological measurement, proteome analysis, stress tolerance, grain development Introduction Oat (Avena sativa L.), a crop that grows well under poor soil and adverse environmental conditions, is primarily cultivated in countries such as Russia, Canada, and Europe (Schnitzenbaumer and Arendt 2014). keywords: analysis; c e; conditions; content; dat; development; fig; filling; grain; n c; number; oat; plants; protein; science; seed; stress; temperature; weight; xxx cache: afs-121256.pdf plain text: afs-121256.txt item: #35 of 872 id: afs-121501 author: None title: afs-121501 date: 2022-12-28 words: 8294 flesch: 54 summary: Our findings represent the first evidence of a strong multivari- ate relationship of meat quality traits with glycolytic components in postmortem muscle. Key words: beef, color, tenderness, lactate, glycogen, glucose Introduction The rate and extent of pH fall significantly influences meat quality traits, including color development, shelf life, water holding capacity, and tenderness (Young et al. 2004, Wu et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2021). keywords: canonical; carcasses; et al; glycogen; meat; muscle; postmortem; potential; quality; science; traits cache: afs-121501.pdf plain text: afs-121501.txt item: #36 of 872 id: afs-122220 author: None title: afs-122220 date: 2023-03-14 words: 9114 flesch: 49 summary: Reducing risks arising from the use of active substances of particular concern and controlling the use of such substances Plant protection training (Article 5) • New training for plant protection training and certification providers • Exchanging information and collective learning among trainers • Continuing training for professional PPP users in Finnish and in Swedish • Updating of the online training materials provided by Tukes and expanding them with a module about biocides • Controlling of the training and certification services aimed at professional users • Expanding of the plant protection training and certification system with a training and certification system targeted at staff members of farm advisory services Requirements for sales of PPPs (Article 6) • Obligation to inform distributors and producers of products approved for consumer use • Public information service on individuals holding a plant protection certificate Information and awareness raising (Article 7) • Informing the general public of PPPs • Informing non-professional users of PPPs • Arranging training for operators on the requirements of the reformed plant protection legislation • Information about acute and chronic poisoning incidents • Development of PPP biomonitoring methods • Exposure of tractor drivers during spraying • Revising of PPP product labels to better serve users • Reforming the PPP Register and implementing a Swedish language version of the Register • Biological control in glasshouses – exposure, allergies and prevention thereof • Monitoring of impacts on human health and the environment Inspection of spraying equipment (Article 8) • Regular checks and calibration of sprayers • Control of application equipment inspection activities Aerial spraying (Article 9) • Aerial spraying of PPPs using drones Informing the public of PPP treatments (Article 10) • Buffer distance to neighbours • Guidelines on informing bystanders Specific measures to protect the aquatic environment and drinking water (Article 11) • Use of PPPs in surface and groundwater areas used for the abstraction of drinking water • Buffer distances to wells and springs • Reducing the use of PPPs in specific areas with a high risk of run-off into surface or groundwater • Evaluation of the appropriateness of environmental restrictions • Setting of environmental quality standards for all active substances Reduction of PPP use or risks in specific areas (Article 12) • Use of PPPs in nature conservation (Natura) areas • Recommendation on the reduction of PPP use in specific areas • Communication on re-entry periods • Sensitising substances Handling and storage of PPPs and treatment of their packaging and remnants (Article 13) • Revision of the PPE instructions • Biobeds • Promoting the collection of PPP waste • Measures to inform operators of the sale and use periods for expired products will be taken when a product’s authorization is withdrawn. All experts were unanimous that regular testing of spray equipment works well and has a concrete impact on reducing the risks of PPP uses. keywords: 2022; criterion; finnish; information; nap; plant; ppps; products; protection; respondents; risk; substances; training; use cache: afs-122220.pdf plain text: afs-122220.txt item: #37 of 872 id: afs-125326 author: None title: afs-125326 date: 2023-03-14 words: 9285 flesch: 66 summary: Conclusions The use of mulch film increased forage maize DM yield in Northern European climate conditions. Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 22–35 26 Results For forage maize DM yield, no significant interactions between mulch, harvest time or year were recorded in Helsinki (Fig. 1). keywords: content; dm content; dm yield; ear; et al; finland; forage; harvest; harvest time; helsinki; maaninka; maize; mulch; mulch film; starch; time; use; yield cache: afs-125326.pdf plain text: afs-125326.txt item: #38 of 872 id: afs-127253 author: None title: afs-127253 date: 2023-07-20 words: 7564 flesch: 61 summary: Different harvesting strategies and cultivar mixtures for grass silage production in Finland. I E N C E Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 94–103 94 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.127253 Shortened first regrowth interval of grass silage as a harvesting strategy to improve nutrient supply for dairy cows: a case study Auvo Sairanen1, Sari Kajava1, Annu Palmio1 and Marketta Rinne2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: auvo.sairanen@luke.fi Dairy cows have a highly valuable ability to convert grass into milk. keywords: exp; grass; harvest; intake; kg-1; milk; production; regrowth; silage; yield cache: afs-127253.pdf plain text: afs-127253.txt item: #39 of 872 id: afs-127935 author: None title: afs-127935 date: 2023-07-20 words: 8964 flesch: 57 summary: Several simulation or process-based models have been developed to predict timothy yield (Korhonen et al. 2018), simulating in detail the distinct phases of crop growth and development. In this study, we built a statistical prediction model for timothy yield based on agro-climatic predictors, in particular temperature and precipitation, using data available from Norwegian variety testing of timothy. keywords: climate; data; days; dmy; gdd; july; locations; model; norway; precipitation; predictors; table; temperature; timothy; year; yield cache: afs-127935.pdf plain text: afs-127935.txt item: #40 of 872 id: afs-130009 author: None title: afs-130009 date: 2023-08-11 words: 9322 flesch: 68 summary: The frequency of occurrence over studied fields (hereafter ‘frequency’) refers to the proportion of fields where a species was found indicating distribution of weed species. Frequency of weed species The occurrence of the 40 most frequent weed species in the small 0.1 m2 sample quadrats is presented by region (Tables 3 and 5) and the remaining species observed from the larger 1.0 m2 quadrats are listed by region (Appendix). keywords: biomass; diversity; fields; organic; production; salonen; species; spring; survey; systems; total; weed cache: afs-130009.pdf plain text: afs-130009.txt item: #41 of 872 id: afs-130323 author: None title: afs-130323 date: 2023-07-20 words: 7756 flesch: 67 summary: O 2 % and CO 2 % amount in the packaging under different storage conditions O 2 % CO 2 % MAP AP MAP AP Temperature (°C, n=14) 4 0.19 ± 0.05 15.24a ± 2.11 25.61a ± 1.25 ± keywords: chicken; map; meat; packaging; samples; slices; storage; temperature; type; value cache: afs-130323.pdf plain text: afs-130323.txt item: #42 of 872 id: afs-40879 author: None title: afs-40879 date: 2014-02-20 words: 427 flesch: 49 summary: The number of published articles was 34 thus the acceptance rate was around 6%. Also, global demand for safe and nutritious food and increased demand for ani- mal products in developing countries give opportunities and poses responsibilities for food production in North- ern hemisphere especially in boreal region where available water is not a limiting factor for food production. keywords: food; science cache: afs-40879.pdf plain text: afs-40879.txt item: #43 of 872 id: afs-40936 author: None title: afs-40936 date: 2014-06-30 words: 7066 flesch: 63 summary: Also in Switzerland, apple consumers between 30 and 60 years old considered organic as being more important, compared to perceptions of young people (below 30 years) (Péneau et al. 2006). Despite the fact that organic apple preference had decreased over the five years from 2007 to 2012, 59.6 % of the Estonian consumers would still prefer organic apples (definitely and probably prefer added). keywords: age; apples; consumers; education; estonian; et al; food; organic; people; preference; respondents; taste; years cache: afs-40936.pdf plain text: afs-40936.txt item: #44 of 872 id: afs-40938 author: None title: afs-40938 date: 2014-07-01 words: 11664 flesch: 59 summary: The amount of water available for crop growth is calculated from crop root growth, soil properties and rainfall (Hautala and Hakojärvi 2011). Furthermore, the management zones have been the basis for several suggested site-specific crop management strategies (Basso et al. 2001, Batchelor et al. 2002, Blackmore et al. 2003, Godwin et al. 2003, Welsh et al. 2003a, b, Shanahan et al. 2008, Basso et al. 2011). keywords: area; basso; biomass; conditions; crop; et al; experiment; fig; growth; hakojärvi; leaf; model; nitrogen; precipitation; radiation; soil; table; values; water; wheat; yield cache: afs-40938.pdf plain text: afs-40938.txt item: #45 of 872 id: afs-41179 author: None title: afs-41179 date: 2014-06-30 words: 5357 flesch: 52 summary: Selenium content and selenium forms in the silages Selenium dosed within the additive was evenly sprayed into the silage with the acid-based additive as indicated by the total selenium content of the silages being close to the theoretical concentration (Table 3). Selenium content expressed as mg Se kg-1 dry matter. keywords: acid; additive; content; et al; grass; kg-1; level; selenate; selenium; silage; sodium cache: afs-41179.pdf plain text: afs-41179.txt item: #46 of 872 id: afs-41192 author: None title: afs-41192 date: 2019-02-20 words: 6966 flesch: 66 summary: Sampling stage X (GM%) Y (GM%) Z (GM%) Fig. 4. Expected GM percentage, provided that there is perfect (100%) cross-pollination with GM maize, on three different sampling stages for different maize usages. The overall GM percentage of one kernel (which corresponds with the GM percentage of grain maize) was calcu- lated by the formula provided by Zhang et al. (2008): GM ratio grain maize (X) = 1/3 F + 1/2 (1-F) where F represents the DNA ratio endosperm/overall kernel. keywords: cob; dna; embryo; endosperm; kernel; maize; plant; sampling; stage cache: afs-41192.pdf plain text: afs-41192.txt item: #47 of 872 id: afs-41195 author: None title: afs-41195 date: 2014-06-30 words: 8462 flesch: 67 summary: These factors could explain the correlation between the amounts of P in surface runoff and soil P, as the amount of snow-melt water in spring was probably high enough every year to extract most of the soluble P from the soil. As expected, the easily soluble P in surface soil, measured as soil P (aac), decreased almost to the level before the experiment when ploughed in spring 2004, and this was reflected in decreased amount of P in the surface runoff during the renewal year. keywords: concentration; grass; nutrient; runoff; soil; surface; treatment; year cache: afs-41195.pdf plain text: afs-41195.txt item: #48 of 872 id: afs-41306 author: None title: afs-41306 date: 2014-12-04 words: 7596 flesch: 64 summary: Precipitation chemicals The efficiencies of three precipitation chemicals to precipitate solid and organic matter from vegetable washing waters (A) and vegetable processing waters (C) were tested in a laboratory. The levels of coliform bacteria, faecal coliforms and enterococci were somewhat higher in washing water of lettuce (D3) than in wash waters of root vegetables and waters from a carrot peeling machine (Table 2). keywords: basin; consumption; lettuce; peeling; plant; processing; quality; total; use; vegetable; washing; wastewater; water cache: afs-41306.pdf plain text: afs-41306.txt item: #49 of 872 id: afs-41329 author: None title: afs-41329 date: 2014-10-07 words: 6491 flesch: 71 summary: I E N C E E. Koivunen et al. (2014) 23: 165‒172 167 rated into four orthogonal contrasts as follows: Effect of FB, control (SBM) treatment vs. FB treatments; Effect of processing (P), unprocessed FB vs. processed FB; Effect of FB inclusion level (L), FB content of 50 g kg-1 feed vs. FB content of 100 g kg-1 feed; and the interaction of processing and FB inclusion level (P × L). Faba bean inclusion (control vs. FB diets) had no effect on the egg produc- tion rate, egg mass production, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio, but it decreased egg weight (p<0.05). keywords: content; egg; et al; faba; feed; hens; inclusion; kg-1 cache: afs-41329.pdf plain text: afs-41329.txt item: #50 of 872 id: afs-41385 author: None title: afs-41385 date: 2014-10-02 words: 8536 flesch: 59 summary: Fenotyping of bacteria from green bean nodules At the flowering stage nodules from green bean roots from 6 variants: K, N, C, P, R and F were taken for sampling. (i) on the plants’ yields, (ii) on occurrence and enumeration of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of green bean, radish and red beet and (iii) on indigenous rhizobia from green bean nodules. keywords: bean; beet; diversity; et al; green; intercropping; isolates; nifh; nodules; plants; radish; red; rhizobia; rhizosphere; soil; variants cache: afs-41385.pdf plain text: afs-41385.txt item: #51 of 872 id: afs-41454 author: None title: afs-41454 date: 2014-10-02 words: 5515 flesch: 63 summary: The aims of this study were (1) to monitor the technological quality of wheat samples collected from maize pro- duction regions; (2) to determine the potential of natural contamination of wheat samples suitable for human consumption by mycotoxin DON content; (3) to compare the sample contamination levels in the different wheat quality grades and (4) to investigate whether samples containing excessive amounts of DON occur in other wheat samples that were graded as being suitable for human consumption. Material and Methods Samples Mature wheat grains were collected during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons so that their technological param- eters and DON content could be measured. Previous studies have analysed flour from wheat grain samples obtained from experiments that had artificially infected grain with Fusarium spp. keywords: consumption; contamination; content; don; et al; fusarium; grain; quality; samples; wheat cache: afs-41454.pdf plain text: afs-41454.txt item: #52 of 872 id: afs-41471 author: None title: afs-41471 date: 2014-10-09 words: 7056 flesch: 62 summary: Weekly measurement of plant height indicated different curves for suppressive composts than for non-suppressive ones (Fig 1). Suppressive composts: Microbial ecology links between abiotic environments and healthy plants. keywords: compost; disease; et al; manure; peat; plant; pythium; soil; suppressive; suppressiveness cache: afs-41471.pdf plain text: afs-41471.txt item: #53 of 872 id: afs-41530 author: None title: afs-41530 date: 2014-12-08 words: 8734 flesch: 64 summary: Sleepers in the soil ‒ Vertical distiribution by tillage and long-term survival of oilseed rape seeds compared with plastic pellets. Four experiments were designed to characterise seed loss at harvest, persistence, vi- ability and capacity for volunteer seedling establishment, as well as impact of management measures on soil seed bank dynamics. keywords: 2006; et al; harvest; losses; oilseed; peltonen; rape; rapeseed; sainio; seed; seedlings; soil; volunteer cache: afs-41530.pdf plain text: afs-41530.txt item: #54 of 872 id: afs-45222 author: None title: afs-45222 date: 2014-12-04 words: 10443 flesch: 48 summary: 0.6650 Equal membership in foreign cooperative 0.0188 0.0093 2.0300 0.0420 ** Satisfied with foreign cooperative 0.0038 0.0066 0.5700 0.5690 Fair for cooperative to define foreign deliveries -0.0117 0.0078 -1.5000 0.1330 Foreign suppliers should be members 0.0017 0.0051 0.3300 0.7420 Satisfied with foreign members -0.0091 0.0092 -0.9900 0.3240 Opinions on strategies of internationalised cooperatives Return surplus to members -0.0151 0.0043 -3.5100 Coordination of supply and demand in the dairy marketing system – with special emphasis on the potential role of farmer cooperatives as coordinating institutions. keywords: capital; cooperative; farmers; internationalisation; members; membership; model; number; ollila; opinions; respondents; variables cache: afs-45222.pdf plain text: afs-45222.txt item: #55 of 872 id: afs-45374 author: None title: afs-45374 date: 2014-10-02 words: 4219 flesch: 67 summary: Raw slaughter data for each animal included individual animal identification number on ear tag, date of birth, date of slaughter, sex, carcass weight, carcass conformation score and carcass fat score. Less differences were observed in valu- able cuttings as might be inferred based on the differences in carcass conformation scores. keywords: breeds; bulls; carcass; data; hol; huuskonen; weight cache: afs-45374.pdf plain text: afs-45374.txt item: #56 of 872 id: afs-46422 author: None title: afs-46422 date: 2014-12-08 words: 6770 flesch: 66 summary: The yield of potato and barley crops decreased in organic N treatments significantly, whereas mean DM yield level of legumes crops was the same in these treatments. The organic fertiliser with faster mineralisation rate and splitting the application of organic N during crop cycle period would be more appropriate to supply sufficient quantities of N during rapid plant growth and to obtain higher crop yields in organic farming systems. keywords: crop; cycle; manure; organic; period; treatments; winter; yield cache: afs-46422.pdf plain text: afs-46422.txt item: #57 of 872 id: afs-46423 author: None title: afs-46423 date: 2014-12-04 words: 8965 flesch: 63 summary: Categorizing farming values as economic, conservation and lifestyle. Farmers have different values which are often combined in complex and subtle ways. keywords: dairy; decision; farmers; farming; goals; male; production; services; terminal; values; work cache: afs-46423.pdf plain text: afs-46423.txt item: #58 of 872 id: afs-46431 author: None title: afs-46431 date: 2014-12-04 words: 10485 flesch: 68 summary: However, haem pigment concentration did not increase with age in the present study (in contrast to Dunne et al. 2004a) and there was no correlation between LT redness and pigment concentration (data not shown). With respect to gender, the higher colour intensity (and redness) and pigment concentrations in LT from steers are consistent with Dunne et al. (2014a) and Dawson and Moss (2009). keywords: animals; bulls; colour; muscle; slaughter; steers; value; weight cache: afs-46431.pdf plain text: afs-46431.txt item: #59 of 872 id: afs-46460 author: None title: afs-46460 date: 2014-12-04 words: 6560 flesch: 63 summary: Increasing concentrate level led to significantly decreased DMD, OMD and NDFD (Table 2). The feeding method had no effect on LWG but increasing concentrate level led to a 6% improvement of daily LWG (p<0.05). keywords: bulls; carcass; concentrate; et al; feeding; huuskonen; kg-1; level; science; silage; tmr cache: afs-46460.pdf plain text: afs-46460.txt item: #60 of 872 id: afs-46502 author: None title: afs-46502 date: 2016-03-28 words: 6091 flesch: 57 summary: I E N C E M. Rinne et al. (2016) 25: 13–21 20 Wood derived products have been used as feed supplements for lambs (Zelenak et al. 1979, Hatfield et al. 1998), growing cattle (Crawford et al. 1978, Zinn 1993) and lactating dairy cows (Murphy et al. 1993, Herrick et al. 2012). If the oligomers and polymers derived from hemicellulose pass through the rumen unfermented in the liquid phase and are poorly de- graded in the lower tract, this would lead to low digestibility. keywords: digestibility; et al; exp; gas; ggm4; hemicellulose; kg-1; method; production; vivo; wood cache: afs-46502.pdf plain text: afs-46502.txt item: #61 of 872 id: afs-46504 author: None title: afs-46504 date: 2015-03-20 words: 8202 flesch: 59 summary: Origin of irrigation water (%) in 2010 according production sector and regions (surface water from the farm or from a waterway that extends beyond the farm, groundwater from the farm, tap water from outside the farm and other source of water). In the future studies on field water management, irrigation systems should be considered together with drainage systems to assess the opportunities to gain from water collection systems and/or temporary storage (e.g. constructed wetlands). keywords: fields; irrigation; n c; sainio; t o; t t; water cache: afs-46504.pdf plain text: afs-46504.txt item: #62 of 872 id: afs-46512 author: None title: afs-46512 date: 2020-01-24 words: 4939 flesch: 59 summary: We annotated unknown transcripts, i.e. all transcripts that did not match to sheep genes, by implementing BLAST search and InterPro query in Blast2GO. For example, Chen et al. (2012) identified a set of candidate genes for out-of-season breeding in the Hu sheep (an in- digenous Chinese breed), such as neurotrophic tyrosine receptor type 2 (NTRK2), nidogen 1 (NID1) and serine pro- tease inhibitor clade E member 2 (SERPINE2). keywords: breeding; candidate; data; et al; finnsheep; genes; genome; season; sheep; transcriptome cache: afs-46512.pdf plain text: afs-46512.txt item: #63 of 872 id: afs-47204 author: None title: afs-47204 date: 2019-02-20 words: 8220 flesch: 59 summary: Conclusions In conclusion it can be stated that in soilless cultures the colonization of tomato plant roots by AMF is more ef- ficient if the P content in the nutrient solution is low, i.e. 15 mg dm-3. These discrepancies are probably caused by the degree of colonization of plant roots by AMF in hydroponic cultures, which is likely limited by the presence of high P concentrations in the root zone of plants (Ryan and Graham 2002, Cwala et al. 2010, Maboko et al. 2013), especially since P is in easily absorbable forms. keywords: amf; arbuscular; colonization; content; et al; fungi; level; mycorrhizal; n.s; phosphorus; plants; rockwool; roots; solution; tomato cache: afs-47204.pdf plain text: afs-47204.txt item: #64 of 872 id: afs-47220 author: None title: afs-47220 date: 2019-02-20 words: 4860 flesch: 66 summary: The aim of our study carried out in southern Finland was to examine the effects of different paper mulches on the yield of cucumber, the soil temperature, and weed emergence, and to assess whether paper mulches could substitute biodegradable film mulch in cucumber production. I E N C E T. Haapala et al. (2015) 24: 52–58 52 Effects of different paper mulches on soil temperature and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the temperate zone Tapani Haapala, Pauliina Palonen, Antti Tamminen and Jukka Ahokas Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 62, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland e-mail: tapani.haapala@helsinki.fi The effect of different paper mulches and two different biodegradable plastic mulches on the yield of field-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was examined. keywords: biodegradable; black; cucumber; film; kraft; mulches; paper; soil; temperature; yield cache: afs-47220.pdf plain text: afs-47220.txt item: #65 of 872 id: afs-4727 author: None title: afs-4727 date: 2012-06-04 words: 7581 flesch: 58 summary: Key words: barley, phenolic acids, LDL oxidation, DPPH, ABTS. For the separation of phenolic acids from barley extracts, 20 μl was injected and a gra- dient system was applied starting with a solvent ratio 100:0 of 6% formic acid and acidified acetonitrile. keywords: acids; antioxidant; barley; capacity; cultivars; ferulic; food; fraction; outer; oxidation; wholegrain cache: afs-4727.pdf plain text: afs-4727.txt item: #66 of 872 id: afs-4765 author: None title: afs-4765 date: 2012-06-04 words: 4997 flesch: 61 summary: I E N C E L. Fan et al. (2012) 21: 132-140 133 These benefits have stimulated research on the phenolic composition and total antioxidant capacity of strawberry fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PM and PMRC, versus the conventional MRS, on total yield, yield per plant, average fruit weight, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), firmness and AC measured as ORAC, in selected strawberry fruits, at different harvest times during the growing season. keywords: et al; fruit; mulching; pmrc; row; strawberry; systems; yield cache: afs-4765.pdf plain text: afs-4765.txt item: #67 of 872 id: afs-47985 author: None title: afs-47985 date: 2014-12-04 words: 6986 flesch: 64 summary: In a previous research, a collection composed of a large set of tetraploid wheat samples including durum wheat cultivars, landraces, and wild accessions of different Triticum turgidum subspecies, has been assembled and screened for genetic diversity by molecular markers and pedigree data (Laidò et al. 2013). Wheat antioxidants. keywords: activity; antioxidant; compounds; cultivars; durum; et al; ssp; tspc; wheat cache: afs-47985.pdf plain text: afs-47985.txt item: #68 of 872 id: afs-48012 author: None title: afs-48012 date: 2022-10-22 words: 7520 flesch: 66 summary: Heating energy consumption was measured from May 2011 to May 2013. Heating energy consumption was measured using an energy meter. keywords: 2013; broiler; consumption; electricity; electricity consumption; emissions; energy; energy consumption; flock; heating; house; production; rearing; ventilation cache: afs-48012.pdf plain text: afs-48012.txt item: #69 of 872 id: afs-4806 author: None title: afs-4806 date: 2012-09-28 words: 14951 flesch: 61 summary: Several potential materials are available in the countries surrounding the Bal- tic Sea, however, because only a limited number of field studies have explored this topic thus far, few have used P retention materials to mitigate eutrophication in the Baltic Sea catchment area. This review aims to promote research on P retention materials by conducting a comprehensive survey and com- piling a summary of the physical and chemical parameters that influence retention of P in solid media. keywords: 2012; capacity; concentration; et al; filter; flow; g-1; material; phosphorus; removal; retention; solution; sorption; tests; water cache: afs-4806.pdf plain text: afs-4806.txt item: #70 of 872 id: afs-4811 author: None title: afs-4811 date: 2012-06-04 words: 4494 flesch: 59 summary: Influence of hydrogen on rumen methane formation and fermentation balances through microbial growth kinetics and fermentation thermodynamics. The lower (p<0.05) ml of CH 4 output per gram of feed DM incubated (CH 4 i) for R. obtusifolius compared to GS in both spring and summer reflected its lower extent of in vitro rumen fermentation as evidenced by its lower (p<0.05) ml of TGP per gram of feed DM incubated (TGPi) in spring, and its lower (p<0.05) TGPi and tVFAi in summer. keywords: p<0.05; rumen; species; spring; summer cache: afs-4811.pdf plain text: afs-4811.txt item: #71 of 872 id: afs-48223 author: None title: afs-48223 date: 2019-02-20 words: 5914 flesch: 55 summary: Cross-sections of L. albus middle stem segments: (a) Cross-section of L. albus stem with superimposed point grid test system consisting of 588 test points; (b) L. albus grown as sole stand; L. albus intercropped with (c) V. sativa and (d) V. narbonensis a b c d a b Fig. The data on structural characteristics of intercropped legume species are currently limited. keywords: forage; intercropping; legume; sativa; stem; tissues cache: afs-48223.pdf plain text: afs-48223.txt item: #72 of 872 id: afs-48346 author: None title: afs-48346 date: 2019-02-20 words: 9987 flesch: 64 summary: Se concentration (µg g-1 DM in root, stem, leaves and the siliques of B. napus L. plants grown in soils treated with inorganic Se (0, 7 and 140 µg kg-1 soil), organic Se (leaf and stem residue, 0 and 7 µg kg-1 soil) and in autoclaved soil with inorganic Se (0 and 7 µg kg-1 soil) at the flowering stage. Dry matter (g plant-1) of seeds and the silique walls of B. napus L. plants at the seed filling stage grown in soil treated with inorganic Se (0, 7 and 140 µg kg-1 soil), organic Se (leaf and stem residue, 0 and 7 µg kg-1 soil) and in autoclaved soil with inorganic Se (0 and 7 µg kg-1 soil). keywords: et al; growth; inorganic; inorganic se; kg-1; plant; selenium; soil; stage; stem cache: afs-48346.pdf plain text: afs-48346.txt item: #73 of 872 id: afs-48421 author: None title: afs-48421 date: 2019-02-20 words: 5236 flesch: 66 summary: Gatel (1994) stated that pea protein is as rich in lysine as SBM protein. There are several other studies showing that SBM protein can be replaced by pea protein (Castanon and Perez-Lanzac 1990, Perez-Maldonado et al. 1999, Fru-Nji et al. 2007). keywords: age; diets; egg; et al; feed; peas; weeks cache: afs-48421.pdf plain text: afs-48421.txt item: #74 of 872 id: afs-48472 author: None title: afs-48472 date: 2019-02-20 words: 4375 flesch: 66 summary: In this study the suitability of the Finnish climate for apple blossom blight infections by Erwinia amylovora was evalu- ated with the epidemiological model MaryblytTM. I E N C E M. Marinova-Todorova et al. (2015) 24: 59–66 60 The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the Finnish climate for apple blossom blight infections by Erwinia amylovora with epidemiological modelling. keywords: apple; blight; days; fire; infection; locations cache: afs-48472.pdf plain text: afs-48472.txt item: #75 of 872 id: afs-4855 author: None title: afs-4855 date: 2012-09-28 words: 12701 flesch: 61 summary: We interpret this as a result of differences in soil test P concentrations (P Ac 13–15 for Field 1 vs. 8–9 mg l-1 for Field 2). We therefore interpret the DRP concentrations reported here as rea- sonably accurate estimates for water draining from fields that have the observed levels of soil test P concentrations. keywords: amendment; application; concentrations; ctrl; et al; field; gypsum; l-1; lime; months; n.a; rainfall; samples; soil; study; water cache: afs-4855.pdf plain text: afs-4855.txt item: #76 of 872 id: afs-48629 author: None title: afs-48629 date: 2019-02-20 words: 10436 flesch: 65 summary: The name and number of breeding enterprises and the number of listed cultivars are key measures in this overview. The main objective of plant breeding is the creation of a new commercial cultivar, and records on listed cultivars and enterprises are easily available, also historically, for past cultivars and enterprises. keywords: 2014; area; beet; breeding; countries; crops; cultivars; cultivation; enterprises; farmers; food; list; national; number; official; plant; seed; sum; sweden; swedish; varieties; variety cache: afs-48629.pdf plain text: afs-48629.txt item: #77 of 872 id: afs-4931 author: None title: afs-4931 date: 2012-06-04 words: 5625 flesch: 63 summary: Lingonberry honey Mire honey Finnish polyfloral honey Parameter n Mean ± SE n Mean ± SE n Mean Range Moisture (%) 7 16.6 ± 0.5 8 16.6 ± 0.3 1151 16.9** 13.2-21.6 Conductivity (mS cm-1 ) 7 0.5 ± 0.76 8 1.08 ± 0.33 1151 0.27** 0.1-1.88 pH 7 4.5 ± 0.1 8 4.9 ± 0.1 158 4.0* 3.6-4.6 Invertase activity 6 150 ± 14.2 5 145.4± 16.4 1151 92.5** 9-267 Compound Lingonberry honey Mire honey Finnish polyfloral honey n Mean ± SE n Mean ± SE n Mean Range Fructose (g 100 g-1) 7 40.3 ± 0.8 8 39.2 ± 0.41 158 47.3*** 38.5-58.4 Glucose (g 100 g-1) 7 27.7 ± 1.5 8 28.2 ± 0.34 158 43.9*** 34.3-54.5 Saccharose (g 100 g-1) 6 0.26 ± 0.11 6 0.11 ± 0.03 Turanose (g 100 g-1) 6 2.22 ± 0.10 6 2.79 ± 0.11 Unknown 1 6 0 6 peak Unknown 2 6 0 6 peak Maltose/Trehalose (g 100 g-1)* 6 1.11 ± 0.09 6 1.35 ± 0.09 keywords: acid; finnish; honey; lingonberry; mire; phenolic; pollen; salonen; samples; unifloral cache: afs-4931.pdf plain text: afs-4931.txt item: #78 of 872 id: afs-49331 author: None title: afs-49331 date: 2019-02-20 words: 14043 flesch: 71 summary: Analysis of ascorbic acid For ascorbic acid analysis samples were thawed, placed in ultrasonic bath for 10 min., and centrifuged for 10 min. at 8500 rpm (Centronic, USA). C in header indicates significant difference between blend beverages RS and RSO (p < 0.05). keywords: acid; beverages; carotenoids; compounds; d. 0; e -0; oil; rso; storage cache: afs-49331.pdf plain text: afs-49331.txt item: #79 of 872 id: afs-49446 author: None title: afs-49446 date: 2018-01-16 words: 9564 flesch: 61 summary: I E N C E A. D. Soteriades et al. (2015) 24: 235–248 235 Manuscript received February 2015 Improving efficiency assessments using additive data envelopment analysis models: an application to contrasting dairy farming systems Andreas D. Soteriades1, Philippe Faverdin2,3, Margaret March1 and Alistair W. Stott1 1Scotland’s Rural College, Future Farming Systems Group, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 2INRA, UMR 1348 PEGASE, F-35590 St-Gilles, France, 3Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France e-mail: andreas.soteriades@sruc.ac.uk Applying holistic indicators to assess dairy farm efficiency is essential for sustainable milk production. The same is true for studies aiming to achieve dairy farm efficiency through an increase in desirable outputs (e.g. milk) and a decrease in undesirable outputs. keywords: dairy; data; dea; efficiency; et al; farm; feed; forage; input; lfc; models; outputs; savings; systems; use cache: afs-49446.pdf plain text: afs-49446.txt item: #80 of 872 id: afs-49511 author: None title: afs-49511 date: 2019-02-20 words: 9572 flesch: 62 summary: Results Introducing organic Cu into broiler mixes at levels lower than those recommended did not deteriorate the effec- tiveness of chicken fattening and mortality of chicks compared to inorganic forms where microelements were sourced from CuSO 4 (Table 2). The activity of ALP, ALT, AST and LDH enzymes, irrespective of the amount of organic Cu, did not differ from ref- erence values (Winnicka 2008). keywords: acid; addition; blood; chelate; chickens; content; copper; cuso; et al; form; gly; level; mg cu; organic cache: afs-49511.pdf plain text: afs-49511.txt item: #81 of 872 id: afs-49532 author: None title: afs-49532 date: 2018-01-16 words: 9285 flesch: 63 summary: For accurate assessment of their use to improve plant nutrition, it is required: (i) more direct evidences of the effect of microorganisms on plant P uptake from specific P forms present in soil, (ii) a deeper knowledge about mechanisms involved in P mobilization in plant growth me- dia, and (iii) how these mechanisms interact with P-mobilizing mechanisms of plants. (2005), little information about contribution of Trichoderma to P uptake by plants is available. keywords: et al; growth; ins6p; media; plant; soil; t34; table; uptake cache: afs-49532.pdf plain text: afs-49532.txt item: #82 of 872 id: afs-49570 author: None title: afs-49570 date: 2019-02-20 words: 7623 flesch: 65 summary: Multi scale analysis of the factors influencing wheat quality as determined by Gluten In- dex. The analysis of variance carried out on GPC, quali-quantitative characteristics of gluten, SDS-SW, KW, and color indices of parental lines of wheat mapping populations revealed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) among genotypes for all the traits (Table 4). keywords: cultivars; durum; et al; gluten; gpc; index; latino; pasqualone; quality; wheat cache: afs-49570.pdf plain text: afs-49570.txt item: #83 of 872 id: afs-49729 author: None title: afs-49729 date: 2018-01-16 words: 9852 flesch: 63 summary: The most variable properties in bread wheat were YP and WSPH with coefficients of variation (CV) amounting to 14.59% and 14.10%, respectively, while in durum wheat those were PSH and YP with CV of 17.59% and 15.02%, respectively. (2015) found that a major source of variation for the PA content was a geno- type × environment interaction (GEI), followed by genotype (G) and then environment (E) for bread wheat, and the E, GEI, and G, in descending order, for durum wheat. keywords: acid; bread; bread wheat; content; durum wheat; et al; g-1; genotypes; grain; journal; phosphorus; phytic; psh; table; wheat; wsph cache: afs-49729.pdf plain text: afs-49729.txt item: #84 of 872 id: afs-4982 author: None title: afs-4982 date: 2012-12-18 words: 5337 flesch: 63 summary: Early phase farmers indicated that their success in all meas- ured areas was weaker than that of other groups. Farmer characteristics Early phase Middle phase Late phase p-value N 64 86 93 Age, years (mean) 37.3 47.7 57.5 ** Experience, years (mean) 5.09 17.36 29.34 ** Year, started farming (year, median) 2004 1992 1981 keywords: 2012; farmers; farms; objectives; phase; production cache: afs-4982.pdf plain text: afs-4982.txt item: #85 of 872 id: afs-4994 author: None title: afs-4994 date: 2012-03-09 words: 5434 flesch: 53 summary: Very little is known, however, about its initial development and functioning when soil temperature is either low (<10 oC) or high (>30 oC) for long periods in the growing season. Materials and methods We used a complete randomized block factorial design with two factors: Funneliformis mosseae isolate (originated from Finland, Denmark, or Spain), and soil temperature (6, 12, 18, and 24 oC), and five replicates per treatment. keywords: development; gavito; isolates; mycorrhizal; root; soil; temperature cache: afs-4994.pdf plain text: afs-4994.txt item: #86 of 872 id: afs-4996 author: None title: afs-4996 date: 2012-03-09 words: 9087 flesch: 65 summary: In our study, the ratio followed closely the results of soil AMF propagule numbers and NLFA 16:1ω5 values. It can be concluded that crop mycothrophy has a strong impact on soil AMF content, which is an important factor to consider when designing crop rotations in cereal based agriculture beneficial for soil quality. keywords: 16:1ω5; acid; amf; barley; bulk; crops; et al; fatty; flax; levels; mycorrhizal; nlfa; plfa; rhizosphere; soil cache: afs-4996.pdf plain text: afs-4996.txt item: #87 of 872 id: afs-4997 author: None title: afs-4997 date: 2012-03-12 words: 5542 flesch: 57 summary: The treatments were applied singly and in combinations, on strawberry plants grown out of season in a greenhouse. I E N C E A. Lowe et al. (2012) 21: 28-38 31 Results Mycorrhizal colonization of strawberry plants All inoculated plants analysed were found to be colonized by AMF using the grid line intersect method (Giovannetti and Mosse 1980). keywords: amf; control; disease; et al; inoculants; pgpr; plant; powdery; resistance; strawberry; symptom; treatments cache: afs-4997.pdf plain text: afs-4997.txt item: #88 of 872 id: afs-4999 author: None title: afs-4999 date: 2012-03-09 words: 7008 flesch: 61 summary: Gm or Gi were in 3 and 4 class and 40% of CY plants were dead (5 class) I E N C E S. Sampo et al. (2012) 21: 39-51 45 Plant development and root architecture Fresh shoot weights were significantly reduced in CY plants in comparison to all the treatments. keywords: 2010; arbuscular; et al; fungi; gmcy; infected; infection; mosseae; mycorrhizal; phytoplasma; plants; root cache: afs-4999.pdf plain text: afs-4999.txt item: #89 of 872 id: afs-5000 author: None title: afs-5000 date: 2012-03-09 words: 494 flesch: 45 summary: The latest COST Action on AMF, Action 870 “From Production to Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agricultural Systems: a Multidisciplinary Research”, ran from February 2007 to February 2011 and a total of 26 European countries participated. The main objective of COST Action 870 was to take a multidisciplinary ap- proach to increase the knowledge needed for implementation of AMF in agricultural systems, in order to reduce agricultural inputs and reduce losses to the environment. keywords: amf; cost cache: afs-5000.pdf plain text: afs-5000.txt item: #90 of 872 id: afs-5005 author: None title: afs-5005 date: 2012-03-09 words: 5164 flesch: 50 summary: Our results suggest that mycorrhizal inoculation not only has an effect on plant growth and uptake of elements but it also influences directly or indirectly the bacterial community of the rhizosphere, which in turn might also play a role in the growth and nutrient uptake of the host plant. Although, CFUs of total fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere were not influenced by AMF, the RFLP profiles using only two restriction enzymes showed more diverse bacterial population of mycorrhizal plants treated without OSM (OSM-) than in other treatments. keywords: am1; experiment; fungi; growth; inoculation; mycorrhizal; nutrient; pelargonium; plants; treatments cache: afs-5005.pdf plain text: afs-5005.txt item: #91 of 872 id: afs-5006 author: None title: afs-5006 date: 2012-03-09 words: 4968 flesch: 62 summary: The objectives of the present study were: (i) to quantify AM fungal colonization in plant roots in response to exposure to a gradient of soil CO 2 /O 2 concentrations in the extreme environment of the Stavešinci mofette in a spatial pattern; and (ii) to analyze different fractions of soil GRSP when exposed to extreme soil CO 2 concentrations within this ecosystem. Details on soil CO 2 and O 2 concentrations are shown in Fig. keywords: concentrations; et al; grsp; mofette; root; soil; vodnik cache: afs-5006.pdf plain text: afs-5006.txt item: #92 of 872 id: afs-5007 author: None title: afs-5007 date: 2012-03-12 words: 4633 flesch: 59 summary: The use of mycorrhizal plants as a tool in phytoremediation strategies needs further research to understand the mechanisms involved in the plant’s protection against metal toxicity. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza in plant growth and nutrition has been well documented (Smith and Read 2008), however, the effect of the symbiosis in the uptake of heavy metals can vary depending on the fungal isolate, the plant and the metal concerned (Orlowska et al. 2005). keywords: amf; chromium; iii; lanceolata; metal; mycorrhizal; plants; soil; zone cache: afs-5007.pdf plain text: afs-5007.txt item: #93 of 872 id: afs-5016 author: None title: afs-5016 date: 2012-06-04 words: 5414 flesch: 69 summary: Annual fluxes of CH4 (mean ± standard deviation) from “Control” (CH4 fluxes calculated for a sward without animal excreta) and “Pasture” (including emissions from urine + dung) in addition with N2O emissions from “Pasture” (Virkajärvi et al., 2010) calculated also using GWP approach as CO2 equivalents using factor 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O (Solomon et al., 2007). N 2 O emissions from boreal grass and clover grass pasture soils. keywords: application; dung; emissions; et al; grass; methane; patches; soil; urine cache: afs-5016.pdf plain text: afs-5016.txt item: #94 of 872 id: afs-50881 author: None title: afs-50881 date: 2018-01-16 words: 7867 flesch: 58 summary: Cross-country differences in farm labour productivity are driven primarily by differences in labour requirements per cow, while differences in milk yields account for a much smaller share of the difference. Over that pe- riod, Finland had the second highest TFP growth rate, with farm productivity growing faster only in Denmark. keywords: countries; dairy; denmark; farms; finland; germany; growth; labour; milk; productivity; sweden; tfp cache: afs-50881.pdf plain text: afs-50881.txt item: #95 of 872 id: afs-50930 author: None title: afs-50930 date: 2018-01-16 words: 7176 flesch: 69 summary: The second objective was to evaluate carcass fat score in relation to carcass weight in different breed groups. One approach to increase beef carcass weights without a subse- quent increase in fatness is through a change in breed distribution. keywords: beef; breeds; bulls; carcass; fat; heifers; score cache: afs-50930.pdf plain text: afs-50930.txt item: #96 of 872 id: afs-50936 author: None title: afs-50936 date: 2019-02-20 words: 7259 flesch: 50 summary: LAB antifungal activity was significantly decreased only against A. versicolor in some cases of the tested chemical preservatives except sorbic acid (Table 4). The contradicting information about the changes in LAB antifungal activity due to variation in the chemical envi- ronment was observed. keywords: acid; activity; antibacterial; antifungal; bacteria; effect; food; lab; lactis; lactobacillus; strains cache: afs-50936.pdf plain text: afs-50936.txt item: #97 of 872 id: afs-50953 author: None title: afs-50953 date: 2018-01-16 words: 8432 flesch: 62 summary: Organic farming resulted in a 4 times increase in the Se content in spring wheat grain and a 1.4 times increase in the Se content in winter wheat grain. Both under conventional and organic farming, significantly the lowest TDF content was found in winter wheat and spelt wheat grain, whereas it was highest in proso millet. keywords: amino; cereal; content; farming; grain; kg-1; millet; organic; proso; spelt; spring; system; wheat cache: afs-50953.pdf plain text: afs-50953.txt item: #98 of 872 id: afs-5097 author: None title: afs-5097 date: 2012-12-18 words: 15560 flesch: 61 summary: Dataset VI provided the averaged yield levels for rye and HiL spring wheat genotypes with organic and ecological cultivation practices (1989−1993) from the MTT Satakunta Research station (Aula and Talvitie 1995). Datasets VIII (Rajala et al. 2009) and IX (unpublished data) provided detailed morphological, yield quality and yield component data for HiL spring wheat genotypes. keywords: analysis; baseline; cultivation; finland; genotypes; grain; ha-1; high; hil; ideotype; laurila; mide; model; new90; path; phase; results; spring; table; value; wheat; yield cache: afs-5097.pdf plain text: afs-5097.txt item: #99 of 872 id: afs-51080 author: None title: afs-51080 date: 2018-01-16 words: 11811 flesch: 55 summary: If crop prices increase, farmers in each region increase fer- tilization as long as the value of increased crop yield is higher than the value of increased fertilizing. This, in turn, results in smaller profits per ha from increased yields than suggested by increased crop yields as such, and increasing N balances. Fig. keywords: adaptation; cereals; change; climate; crop; crop prices; crop yields; farm; finland; increase; level; model; prices; production; scenario; use; yields cache: afs-51080.pdf plain text: afs-51080.txt item: #100 of 872 id: afs-51116 author: None title: afs-51116 date: 2018-01-16 words: 8652 flesch: 65 summary: In total, the foraging time was longer for PAS bulls than for UB bulls. While instantaneous sampling results revealed no differences between the groups of bulls in social licking and oth- er social behaviour (e.g. sniffing another animal and sexual behaviour), one-zero sampling observations indicated that social licking was performed more by UB bulls than by PAS bulls, and that mounting was performed more by PAS bulls than by UB bulls. keywords: animal; behaviour; bulls; exp; observations; pas; pas bulls; pasture; time; ub bulls cache: afs-51116.pdf plain text: afs-51116.txt item: #101 of 872 id: afs-5136 author: None title: afs-5136 date: 2012-06-04 words: 8582 flesch: 58 summary: The invasion level as mean (a) a proportion of alien plant species (including archaeophytes and neophytes) of the total flora and (b) Shannon-Wiener diversity index of alien species in 50 m2 transect lines (N=508) in semi-natural agricul- tural habitats in four different regions (southern, south-western, western and eastern Finland) in three study years: 2001, 2005 and 2010. I E N C E M. Jauni et al. (2012) 21: 100-117 100 Manuscript received December 2011 Changes in the invasion level, and impact of alien plants in Finnish semi-natural agricultural habitats Miia Jauni1, Juha Helenius1 and Terho Hyvönen2 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, 2MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: miia.jauni@helsinki.fi Using dataset of 508 transects of 50 m2, we assessed changes in the invasion level of alien plant species in semi-natural agricultural habitats in three study years (2001, 2005 and 2010) in four geographical re- gions of Finland. keywords: 0.0; alien; diversity; et al; finland; habitats; invasion; jauni; neophytes; plant; richness; species; species diversity; species richness cache: afs-5136.pdf plain text: afs-5136.txt item: #102 of 872 id: afs-5138 author: None title: afs-5138 date: 2012-12-18 words: 7293 flesch: 55 summary: In addition, as the values of the slopes in Figure 5 indicate, regional concentration development in all industries together, both in terms of jobs and value added, has been faster than regional concentration development of agriculture. Regional specialisation of Finnish agriculture began already in the Middle Ages (Orrman 2003). keywords: agriculture; concentration; development; economic; finland; finnish; gini; jobs; number; production; regions; research; terms; value cache: afs-5138.pdf plain text: afs-5138.txt item: #103 of 872 id: afs-5144 author: None title: afs-5144 date: 2012-06-04 words: 5867 flesch: 61 summary: Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) for typing of Lactobacillus plantarum strains. Characterization and species recognition of Lactobacillus plantarum strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 16S rRNA gene. keywords: dsm; et al; isolates; lab; lactobacillus; paraplantarum; pcr; strains cache: afs-5144.pdf plain text: afs-5144.txt item: #104 of 872 id: afs-51446 author: None title: afs-51446 date: 2019-02-20 words: 9521 flesch: 61 summary: Due to the significant decline in agricultural GHG emissions, and agriculture’s relatively low (6.9%) contribution to total GHG emissions in Estonia (Estonian CRF 2014), the EU target to curb GHG emissions by 20% by 2020, com- pared to 1990, are perceived as attainable. The FAPRI-GOLD type market model of Estonian agriculture, which is used for projections of agricultural production, was supplemented with a module that helps project GHG emissions. keywords: 2015; cows; dairy; emissions; estonian; et al; ghg; ghg emissions; management; manure; milk; model; production; systems cache: afs-51446.pdf plain text: afs-51446.txt item: #105 of 872 id: afs-51467 author: None title: afs-51467 date: 2016-03-29 words: 6839 flesch: 65 summary: This sub-paper is the third one of the trilogy on climatic variability in Finland, and it concentrates on presenting the variation in spring soil frost, spring snow cover and the risk of night frost for the period from early March to late September. Likelihood (%) for soil frost (≤ 0 °C at 20 cm soil depth) at nine weather stations, and late snow cover (> 1 cm) (10 km × 10 km grid) were estimated for late spring. keywords: et al; finland; frost; night; peltonen; sainio; soil; sowing; winter cache: afs-51467.pdf plain text: afs-51467.txt item: #106 of 872 id: afs-51469 author: None title: afs-51469 date: 2015-12-31 words: 8963 flesch: 65 summary: (2015) vol 24: 261–272 266 In the analysis of plant B concentrations, there were significant interactions between (i) trial and treatment (p = 0.022), (ii) plant types and treatment (p < 0.001) and (iii) plant types and trial (p < 0.001), but the three-way interaction was not significant (p = 0.857). The hypotheses were that B fertilisation on low B soils (i) increases yield, (ii) increases the clo- ver content in the sward, (iii) increases B concentrations in plants and soil and (iv) affects plant concentrations of other nutrients. keywords: boron; borrarp; clover; concentrations; forage; grass; plant; red; rådde; soil; treatment; trials; white cache: afs-51469.pdf plain text: afs-51469.txt item: #107 of 872 id: afs-5159 author: None title: afs-5159 date: 2012-12-13 words: 11392 flesch: 63 summary: Since N turned out to be the growth-limiting factor, in the present paper we focus on N fertilization effects of N-rich organic waste resources included in the experiment. N fertilization effects of Dynea composts Dynea composts showed reduced N fertilization effects for all rates and combinations resulting in small biomass production throughout the season (Fig. 1, Table 8). keywords: biomass; bwa; cfs; effects; et al; fertilization; fertilizer; ha–1; kg n; mbm; n ha–1; resources; soil; table; waste cache: afs-5159.pdf plain text: afs-5159.txt item: #108 of 872 id: afs-52299 author: None title: afs-52299 date: 2016-03-31 words: 9063 flesch: 65 summary: There were no differences in the proportional weight of the thyroid glands between control group and the birds fed with rapeseed meal diet. These variables correlate with body weight, which also was lower in rapeseed meal diets than in control diet. keywords: birds; diet; effect; et al; meat; pea; peas; protein; r100; rapeseed meal; soybean meal; treatments cache: afs-52299.pdf plain text: afs-52299.txt item: #109 of 872 id: afs-52311 author: None title: afs-52311 date: 2016-03-28 words: 10154 flesch: 65 summary: Crude protein, NDF and starch intakes were higher (p < 0.001) with whole crop legume silage based diets compared to GSB. There were no significant differences in DM or energy conversion rates when whole crop legume silage based diets were compared to GSB. keywords: barley; beef; bulls; carcass; crop; et al; fatty; grass; huuskonen; meat; quality; silage; wheat cache: afs-52311.pdf plain text: afs-52311.txt item: #110 of 872 id: afs-52313 author: None title: afs-52313 date: 2019-02-20 words: 5676 flesch: 62 summary: The results of mycological analysis were presented as incidence, i.e., the ratio of the number of samples in which the taxon was detected (n+) to the total number of analysed sam- ples (n), and quantity, i.e., the number of CFU in 1 g of plant tissue (CFU g-1) for the positive samples of forage types. Fungi Acremonium spp. occurred only in forage types I and II, and at the same time Scopulariopsis sp. was de- tected in types II and III. keywords: clover; forage; fungi; grasses; mixtures; mowing; mycotoxins; samples; spp; type cache: afs-52313.pdf plain text: afs-52313.txt item: #111 of 872 id: afs-52792 author: None title: afs-52792 date: 2019-02-20 words: 7173 flesch: 60 summary: Influence of growing cycle (autumn, winter and summer) and aeration of the nutrient solution (no aeration -NA-, low aeration -LA-, high aeration -HA-) on nitrate content, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, leaf color parameters (lightness -L*-, Hue angle and chromaticity -C*) and microbial growth (mesophilic and psychrophilic microorganisms) of baby leaf red lettuce cultivated in floating system, at harvesting time and after 7 days of storage at 5 °C Nitrates (mg kg-1 FW) Total phenolics (mg CAE kg-1 FW) Antioxidant capacity (mg AAE kg-1 FW) Vitamin C (mg kg-1FW) L* Hue angle C* Mesophilic microorganisms (log CFU g-1) Psychrophilic microorganisms (log CFU g-1) Season (A) I E N C E E. Conesa et al. (2015) 24: 313–322 313 Manuscript received October 2015 Nutrient solution aeration and growing cycles affect quality and yield of fresh-cut baby leaf red lettuce Encarnación Conesaa, Juan A. Fernándeza,b, Diana Niñirolaa, Catalina Egea-Gilabertb,c* aProducción Vegetal, E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, C/Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain bInstituto de Biotecnología Vegetal. keywords: aeration; autumn; conditions; content; cycle; et al; lettuce; nitrate; solution; storage; summer; winter cache: afs-52792.pdf plain text: afs-52792.txt item: #112 of 872 id: afs-52811 author: None title: afs-52811 date: 2016-03-30 words: 7516 flesch: 63 summary: E M. Teleszko et al. (2016) 25: 34–43 38 Among the flavan-3-ols, one trimeric compound was identified in apple juices. However, some of the studies show, that the quantitative proportions between these compounds in apples and apple juices can be quite reversed. keywords: acid; activity; alwa; apple; content; et al; food; fruit; gloster; juices; l-1; pme cache: afs-52811.pdf plain text: afs-52811.txt item: #113 of 872 id: afs-53182 author: None title: afs-53182 date: 2016-08-24 words: 9634 flesch: 47 summary: In the literature during the past decade, diversification of farm activities has regularly been related to positive economic results in terms of farm efficiency (Hadley 2006, Hansson 2007, Barnes and Revoredo-Giha 2011) and farm viability (Barnes et al. 2015). The main objective of this study was thus to examine whether the environmental agricultural support provided within the Pillar II framework has succeeded in eliminating the influence of regional differences in potential for agriculture and output-reducing farm management practices on farm efficiency. keywords: agricultural; capital; cte; density; efficiency; farm; livestock; output; period; production; pte; region; revenue; support cache: afs-53182.pdf plain text: afs-53182.txt item: #114 of 872 id: afs-53275 author: None title: afs-53275 date: 2016-11-24 words: 6478 flesch: 58 summary: (2009) to assess whether we can reject perfect competition in Finnish food supply chain using the best available market-level data on food price indices at retail (R) and producer (P) levels. The functioning of the food supply chain and its effect on food prices in the European Union. keywords: buyer; chain; finnish; food; market; power; price; producer; retail; supply; test cache: afs-53275.pdf plain text: afs-53275.txt item: #115 of 872 id: afs-53381 author: None title: afs-53381 date: 2016-03-30 words: 4307 flesch: 71 summary: Rootstocks P 62 and M.26 also determined a more consistent yield on average, but at the single tree level alternate bearing was highly expressed with some trees on the same rootstock having plenty of fruit and others none. On the average of both cultivars according to tree growth control, apple rootstocks are divided into the follow- ing groups: super-dwarfing – PB.4, P 61, P 59, P 22 and Pure 1, dwarfing – M.9, B.396, P 62, P 66 and P 67, and semi-dwarfing – M.26. keywords: abi; apple; average; bearing; rootstocks; yield cache: afs-53381.pdf plain text: afs-53381.txt item: #116 of 872 id: afs-53632 author: None title: afs-53632 date: 2016-08-24 words: 8304 flesch: 62 summary: I E N C E E. Święch et al. (2016) 25: 99–110 103 Additionally, the mean values of AID of protein and AA in the diets were further used for calculation of the AID of protein and AA of rapeseed cakes by the difference method using the following formula: AID RC – apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of rapeseed cake AID RCD – apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of the rapeseed cake diet AID W – apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of wheat CP/AA W – contribution level of protein/AA in rapeseed cake diet originating from wheat CP/AA RC – contribution level of protein/AA in rapeseed cake diet originating from rapeseed cake The SID of protein and AA were estimated from the AID of protein and AA using tabulated values of basal endog- enous AA losses (Jansman et al., 2002) according to the following formula: SID RC – standardized ileal digestibility of protein/AA in rapeseed cake AID RC – apparent ileal digestibility of protein in rapeseed cake bEPL/bEAAL – basal endogenous protein/AA losses CP/AA RC – content of CP/AA in rapeseed cake The calculation of ATTD of nutrients and fibre fractions in the diets was based on the chromium content in diets and faeces using the following formula: ATTD D – apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients/fibre fractions in the diet Cr D – chromium concentration in the diet Cr F – chromium concentration in the faeces N D – nutrient/fibre fractions concentration in the diet N F – nutrient/fibre fractions concentration in the faeces The ME of diets was calculated based on the content of digestible nutrients using the following formula according to GfE (2008): ME (MJ kg-1 DM) = 0.0205 x dP (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0398 dF (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0173 x St (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0160 x Su (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0147 x (dOM – dP – dF – St – Su) (g kg-1 DM) dOM – digestible organic matter dP – digestible protein dF – digestible fat St – starch Su – sugar Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients and energy value of diets containing rapeseed cakes or soyabean oil meal (Experiment 2) The ATTD of protein and starch did not differ between rapeseed cake and control diets or among diets containing different cakes (Table 5). keywords: brc; cake; content; diets; digestibility; fibre; pigs; protein; rapeseed; yellow; yrc cache: afs-53632.pdf plain text: afs-53632.txt item: #117 of 872 id: afs-55533 author: None title: afs-55533 date: 2016-11-24 words: 7719 flesch: 68 summary: The methods applied in the brief fallow before cereal sowing (exp. 1) were not effective enough against E. repens. In the late summer fallow after ley (exp. 2), the Kvick-Finn weed-cultivator destroyed E. repens very effectively; on average 5% of E. repens remained alive in the barley crop in the autumn of the following year. keywords: autumn; control; cultivator; experiment; fallow; ploughing; repens; spring; treatments cache: afs-55533.pdf plain text: afs-55533.txt item: #118 of 872 id: afs-55534 author: None title: afs-55534 date: 2016-08-24 words: 9480 flesch: 67 summary: We expected that the highest dose would reduce the yield in –AMF plants and induce the protective mechanism of the AMF in +AMF plants, but this was not the case. +AMF +AMF su cr os e (m g 10 0 g f.m ) keywords: amf; concentration; content; effect; intraradices; lettuce; mg zn; mosseae; mycorrhizal; n.s; plants; soil; substrate; uptake cache: afs-55534.pdf plain text: afs-55534.txt item: #119 of 872 id: afs-55539 author: None title: afs-55539 date: 2016-08-25 words: 4871 flesch: 57 summary: Recently, F. proliferatum and its mycotox- in fumonisin were found in wheat grains. F. proliferatum strains originating from different hosts were able to infect wheat via seeds. keywords: dna; et al; fumonisin; fusarium; kernels; maize; plants; proliferatum; strains; wheat cache: afs-55539.pdf plain text: afs-55539.txt item: #120 of 872 id: afs-5605 author: Kaisa Kaustell, Esa A. Mäntysaari ja Pekka Huhtanen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 8634 flesch: 70 summary: Also the CP content of concentrates increased with increasing concentrate intake. In short term feeding experiments increase in concentrate intake have resulted in smaller responses in milk yield than in longer complete lactation experiments (Wiktorsson 1979). keywords: concentrates; feeding; intake; milk; model; n c; n l cache: afs-5605.pdf plain text: afs-5605.txt item: #121 of 872 id: afs-5606 author: Markku Yli-Halla ja Delbert L. Mokma title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 3497 flesch: 65 summary: Also the build-up and decomposition of organic matter is influ- enced by soil temperature. Even though this relationship holds in most of the USA, it does not hold for exam- ple in Alaska and the Great Lakes States, where soil temperature is substantially higher than that predicted from air temperature, owing to insula- tion by snow (Smith 1986). keywords: air; finland; mean; soil; temperature cache: afs-5606.pdf plain text: afs-5606.txt item: #122 of 872 id: afs-5607 author: Riitta Sormunen-Cristian, Suvi Taponen, Ilkka Saastamoinen, Timo Mela ja Hannu Saloniemi title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 6008 flesch: 69 summary: Dry matter (DM) intake of lucerne silage was higher than that of grass silage (1.77 vs. 1.40 kg DM day-1). Because of the more extensive lactic acid fermentation in lucerne silage, its pH value was higher than in grass silage. keywords: e n; ewes; feeding; grass; lucerne; n c; n f; n l; plant; silage; yellow cache: afs-5607.pdf plain text: afs-5607.txt item: #123 of 872 id: afs-5608 author: Heli Pirinen, Pirjo Dalman, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Jussi Tammisola ja Harri Kokko title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 7033 flesch: 72 summary: I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Pirinen, H. et al. Description of arctic bramble cultivars Leaves Strains 57 and 39 had the shortest and most an- gustifolious middle leaflets (Table 2), and strains 33 and 4 were more narrow-leaved than ‘Pima’. The grouping shows a close relationship between ‘Pima’ and ‘Mespi’. Descriptions of arctic bramble cultivars On the basis of yield and morphological charac- ters, three arctic bramble strains have been re- leased for cultivation under the cultivar names Marika, Muuruska and Elpee. keywords: berries; bramble; cultivars; e n; n c; n d; n f; n l; pima; strains cache: afs-5608.pdf plain text: afs-5608.txt item: #124 of 872 id: afs-5610 author: Terhi Suojala, Tapio Salo ja Raili Pessala title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 6337 flesch: 72 summary: Brewster et al. (1987) found a signifi- cant positive correlation between the level of N top dressing and the percentage of thick-necked onions, and noted that under conditions favour- ing thick necks (cool summer, slow early growth, late maturation), high N may aggravate the prob- lem. Thus the decline in N content may be related to the higher bulb weight in irrigated plots. keywords: bulb; fertilisation; irrigation; n l; onions; storage; yield cache: afs-5610.pdf plain text: afs-5610.txt item: #125 of 872 id: afs-5611 author: Maria Närhinen, Aulikki Nissinen, Pirjo-Liisa Penttilä, Olli Simonen, Lars Cernerud ja Pekka Puska title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 3678 flesch: 72 summary: The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which lightly salted food products are included in the assortments of Finnish supermarkets and prominently placed on shelves. Key words: dietary salt, food labelling, sodium, supermarkets mailto: NARHIMA%MKT10.DNET@HEL02.KTT.FI 448 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D keywords: food; health; n c; products; salt cache: afs-5611.pdf plain text: afs-5611.txt item: #126 of 872 id: afs-5612 author: Antti Jaakkola ja Asko Simojoki title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 5973 flesch: 71 summary: Low O 2 concentration in soil air has been shown to retard plant growth independently of soil wet- ness in experiments where soil air composition is artificially regulated (e.g. Jaakkola et al. 1990). But since cropping and N fertiliza- tion had only minor effects on soil moisture in this experiment, the significant effects of crop- ping on O 2 and CO 2 concentrations in soil air were mainly due to differences in respiration. keywords: air; concentration; cropping; effect; irrigation; n c; n l; soil; treatment cache: afs-5612.pdf plain text: afs-5612.txt item: #127 of 872 id: afs-56122 author: None title: afs-56122 date: 2016-08-24 words: 7233 flesch: 68 summary: whereas the addition of XLS (Brenes et al. 2003, Cowieson et al. 2003) AMS (Brenes et al. 2003) or PRT (Igbasan and Guenter 1996) into pea diets have not produced positive response in the growth of birds or the positive effects have been depending on the pea cultivar used. The growth of birds improved (p ≤ 0.018) with pea inclusion in a cubic manner. keywords: diets; inclusion; kg-1; pea cache: afs-56122.pdf plain text: afs-56122.txt item: #128 of 872 id: afs-5613 author: Hannu Känkänen, Arjo Kangas, Timo Mela, Unto Nikunen, Hannu Tuuri ja Martti Vuorinen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 8873 flesch: 70 summary: I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Vol. 7 (1998): 553–567. Timing incorporation of different green manure crops to minimize the risk of nitrogen leaching Hannu Känkänen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: hannu.kankanen@mtt.fi Arjo Kangas Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, South Ostrobothnia Research Station, FIN-61400 Ylistaro, Finland Timo Mela Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Unto Nikunen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, North Ostrobothnia Research Station, Toholampi, FIN-69310 Laitala, Finland Hannu Tuuri Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Data and Information Services, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Martti Vuorinen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Häme Research Station, FIN-36600 Pälkäne, Finland Seven field trials at four research sites were carried out to study the effect of incorporation time of different plant materials on soil mineral N content during two successive seasons. Discussion The N content of incorporated plant material had a crucial effect on mineral soil N content after incorporation, as shown also in earlier experi- ments (Smith and Sharpley 1990, Marstorp and Kirchmann 1991, Vinther 1994). keywords: 1991–1993; autumn; barley; content; crop; effect; incorporation; n c; n l; ploughing; soil; spring; trials cache: afs-5613.pdf plain text: afs-5613.txt item: #129 of 872 id: afs-5614 author: Eila Turtola ja Erkki Kemppainen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 7700 flesch: 70 summary: Surface runoff averaged 40–52% of the annual total runoff (Table 5), the proportion of surface runoff being in autumn, winter-spring and summer 11–30%, 95–96% and 73–88%, respectively. Surface runoff losses of phosphorus and oth- er nutrient elements from fertilized grassland. keywords: application; autumn; ley; losses; n c; n f; n l; runoff; slurry; soil; surface; water cache: afs-5614.pdf plain text: afs-5614.txt item: #130 of 872 id: afs-5615 author: Tuomo Kiiskinen ja Eija Helander title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 4698 flesch: 72 summary: Research Note Effects of restricted methionine and energy intake on egg weight and shell quality Tuomo Kiiskinen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Eija Helander Suomen Rehu Oy, PO Box 105, FIN-00241 Helsinki, Finland An experiment involving two laying hen hybrids and four dietary treatments was conducted to study the effects of dietary methionine restriction (MR) (3,05 g/kg, MR 100; 2,65 g/kg, MR 87; 2,25 g/kg, MR 74) and energy restriction (ER) on egg production assessed as egg weight, egg weight classification and shell quality of eggs during the later laying phase from 46 to 70 wk of age. keywords: e n; egg; methionine; n c; n l; restriction cache: afs-5615.pdf plain text: afs-5615.txt item: #131 of 872 id: afs-5616 author: Susanna Tauriainen, Satu Sankari, Satu Pyörälä ja Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 6573 flesch: 71 summary: Effect of anionic salts on dry cows I metabolic acidosis increases ionised Ca [Ca2+] in the blood (Bushinsky et al. 1985). Effect of anionic salts on dry cows I Cows were housed and fed in individual tie stalls with free access to drinking water. keywords: cows; dcab; e n; low; n c; n f; n l cache: afs-5616.pdf plain text: afs-5616.txt item: #132 of 872 id: afs-5617 author: Susanna Tauriainen, Satu Sankari, Satu Pyörälä ja Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 5498 flesch: 71 summary: High DCAB2) Low DCAB Normal Mg High Mg Normal Mg High Mg DMI3), kg/d 7.57 7.61 7.63 7.67 ME4), MJ/kg DM 10.54 10.49 10.51 10.33 Crude protein, % 12.02 11.97 14.27 14.21 Crude fiber, % 26.08 25.86 25.86 25.75 ADF5), % 28.71 26.22 26.17 26.06 NDF6), % 48.69 48.28 48.13 47.92 Ca,% 0.69 0.71 0.66 0.69 P, % 0.44 0.44 0.40 0.40 Mg, % 0.21 0.43 0.21 0.43 K, % 2.55 2.54 2.50 2.49 Na, % 0.29 0.29 0.24 0.24 Cl, % 1.13 1.13 1.76 1.75 S, % 0.19 0.19 0.35 0.35 DCAB7), mEq/kg DM +341 +339 +31 +31 1) Expressed on a dry matter basis. Effect of anionic salts on dry cows II ber et al. 1983, Braak, van de et al. 1987a, Sam- son et al. 1983). keywords: cows; dcab; high; n c; n l cache: afs-5617.pdf plain text: afs-5617.txt item: #133 of 872 id: afs-5619 author: Susanna Tauriainen, Satu Sankari ja Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 4820 flesch: 70 summary: Experimental diets were: Diet 1; high DCAB (control), Diet 2; low DCAB. The Ca supplement was used be- cause we wanted to simulate Finnish situations, particularly in the South, where the high calci- um content of the grass silage can compromise the mineral metabolism of dry cows. keywords: cows; dcab; low; salts cache: afs-5619.pdf plain text: afs-5619.txt item: #134 of 872 id: afs-5620 author: Mikko Harri, Jaakko Mononen, Teppo Rekilä ja Kirsti Rouvinen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 3122 flesch: 67 summary: Present and future use of artificial insemination in fox breeding in Fin- land. mon practice to keep silver foxes in a large com- munal enclosure. keywords: breeding; kuopio; truro; vixens cache: afs-5620.pdf plain text: afs-5620.txt item: #135 of 872 id: afs-5621 author: Kaija Suomi, Kirsi Partanen, Timo Alaviuhkola, Hilkka Siljander-Rasi ja Satu Sankari title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 6236 flesch: 63 summary: Pigs were fed isoenergetic barley-soybean meal diets and vitamin E was rationed on the top of feed, a 2-d dose at a time. Stored and freshly harvested barley contained 33.5 and 31.2 mg/kg of vitamin E in the beginning and 33.0 and 38.7 mg/kg at the end of the study, respectively. keywords: barley; content; effect; fat; pigs; pork; supplementation; vitamin; vitamin e cache: afs-5621.pdf plain text: afs-5621.txt item: #136 of 872 id: afs-5622 author: Kirsti Pääkkönen, Jukka Havento, Bertalan Galambosi ja Markus Pyykkönen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 4254 flesch: 72 summary: Conclusions The original fresh material was the essential fac- tor determining the quality of dried herbs. Consequently, a combined infrared-convec- tion process is a potentially useful method for drying herbs, giving high drying rates at low dry- ing temperatures. keywords: drying; e n; infrared; n c; n d; n f; n l cache: afs-5622.pdf plain text: afs-5622.txt item: #137 of 872 id: afs-5623 author: Trond Knapp Haraldsen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 8982 flesch: 68 summary: N 2 O, CO 2 and O 2 con- centrations in soil air influenced by organic and inor- ganic fertilizers and soil compaction. Although soil air permeability per se is not a particularly important aeration parameter, it does reflect the soil’s water permeability (McAfee et al. 1989). keywords: air; e n; n c; n d; n f; n l; pasvik; slurry; soil; tana; virgin cache: afs-5623.pdf plain text: afs-5623.txt item: #138 of 872 id: afs-5624 author: Tapio Salo title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 39341 flesch: 74 summary: N rate Application Inorganic N kg ha-1 For example, N fertilizer rates up to 250 kg ha-1 did not increase soil inorganic N content after cabbage in autumn 1993. keywords: 1995; application; broadcast; c e; cabbage; cabbage n; carrot; dap; dry; e n; growth; harvest; kg ha-1; l t; matter; mean; method; n c; n concentrations; n d; n f; n fertilizer; n kg; n l; n rate; n uptake; nitrogen; ns ns; ns placement; onion; onion n; placement; plant n; rates; sampling; soil n; t ha-1; table; yield cache: afs-5624.pdf plain text: afs-5624.txt item: #139 of 872 id: afs-5625 author: Peter Bredbacka ja Mikko T. Koskinen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-20 words: 2732 flesch: 61 summary: Key words: animal identification, bovine, exclusion probability, microsatellite Introduction Correct assignment of livestock pedigrees is par- ticularly important when artificial insemination is widely used, as for example in cattle: errors have a direct effect to the genetic response (Aren- donk et al. 1998). e s B M 2 11 3 , E T H 3 a n d TGLA227 exhibited very high polymorphism with exclusion probabilities exceeding 52% in both breeds. keywords: exclusion; holstein cache: afs-5625.pdf plain text: afs-5625.txt item: #140 of 872 id: afs-5626 author: Hannele Khalili, Eeva Kuusela, Eeva Saarisalo ja Marjatta Suvitie title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 8020 flesch: 68 summary: Milk protein content was higher (P<0.05) with RSM than with organic protein supplements. Addition of oil/ fatty acids has decreased milk protein content (Mohamed et al. 1988, Tesfa 1992, Khalili et al. 1997) as was observed also with RCSO diet. keywords: diet; intake; kg-1; milk; n c; n l; organic; production; protein; rapeseed; rsm; silage cache: afs-5626.pdf plain text: afs-5626.txt item: #141 of 872 id: afs-5627 author: Hannu Korhonen, Lauri Jauhiainen ja Paavo Niemelä title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 6971 flesch: 72 summary: I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Vol. 8 (1999): 253–263. Effect of enlarged cage space and access to earthen floor on locomotor and digging activity of blue foxes Hannu Korhonen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, Fur Animals, FIN-69100 Kannus, Finland, e-mail: hannu.t.korhonen@mtt.fi Lauri Jauhiainen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Data and Information Services, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Paavo Niemelä Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, Fur Animals, FIN-69100 Kannus, Finland I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Korhonen, H. et al. Effect of enlarged cage space on blue foxes foxes need to exercise and maintain their well- being? keywords: activity; behaviour; blue; cage; digging; e n; floor; foxes; mesh; n c; n f; n l; wire cache: afs-5627.pdf plain text: afs-5627.txt item: #142 of 872 id: afs-5628 author: Anja Yli-Viikari title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 12069 flesch: 53 summary: Environmental indicators. Environmental indicators for agriculture. keywords: 1995; 1996; 1997; agriculture; c e; data; development; e n; environment; indicators; information; l t; landscape; methods; n c; n f; n l; oecd; quality; soil; sustainability; use cache: afs-5628.pdf plain text: afs-5628.txt item: #143 of 872 id: afs-5629 author: Hannu Känkänen, Arjo Kangas, Timo Mela, Unto Nikunen, Hannu Tuuri ja Martti Vuorinen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 8352 flesch: 69 summary: Grain yields pre- sented below are calculated as the means over N fertilization levels, because N fertilization nor- mally increased the grain yield in spite of other treatments. Statistical significances of the main effects of the treatments and their interactions on grain yield of 1st year test crop (spring barley) and 2nd year test crop (oats). keywords: autumn; barley; crop; effect; fertilization; grain; grain yield; incorporation; ploughing; precrop; spring; test; year; yield cache: afs-5629.pdf plain text: afs-5629.txt item: #144 of 872 id: afs-5631 author: Tommi Peltovuori title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 5594 flesch: 60 summary: According to the anal- Fig. 2. Soil texture and contours of soil P test results (mg dm-3) of the test field used for sampling simulation. Erroneous texture determina- tions are more likely to lead to errors in P fertilizer recommendations than soil P analysis itself. keywords: n c; n l; results; sampling; sand; soil; test cache: afs-5631.pdf plain text: afs-5631.txt item: #145 of 872 id: afs-5633 author: Jussi Lankoski ja Markku Ollikainen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 6012 flesch: 55 summary: However, an environmental policy reform which compensates for the increase in the fertilizer tax by higher buffer zone subsidy had the strongest reductive effect on nutrient runoff since the fertilizer tax and buffer zone subsidy reinforced each other. From this starting point we analyze how this kind of agri-environmental reform should be executed by focusing on those policy instruments that are appropriate for achieving this goal (acreage subsidy, price sup- port, fertilizer tax and buffer zone subsidy). keywords: buffer; environmental; fertilizer; n c; nitrogen; policy; runoff; subsidy; zone cache: afs-5633.pdf plain text: afs-5633.txt item: #146 of 872 id: afs-5634 author: Laura Alakukku title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 11714 flesch: 70 summary: Although Hadas (1994) argues that subsoil compaction constitutes a problem with- in the realm of soil compaction in general and should not be a special field of research, some important differences between topsoil and sub- soil compaction nevertheless exist. The machinery traffic that causes soil compaction, which may be defined as an increase in bulk density, also causes non- volumetric changes in soil structure. keywords: axle; clay; compaction; contact; crop; e n; effects; field; load; n c; n d; n f; n l; research; soil; stress; subsoil; subsoil compaction; tillage; traffic; wheel cache: afs-5634.pdf plain text: afs-5634.txt item: #147 of 872 id: afs-5635 author: Terhi Thuneberg-Selonen, Jukka Pösö, Esa Mäntysaari ja Matti Ojala title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 5363 flesch: 63 summary: Influence of age, gait and sex upon number of races, money won and race times. In a few studies individual race records have been used as a basis of breeding value esti- mation and the factors affecting single race events have been taken into account. keywords: breeding; c e; e n; effect; finish; horses; n c; n f; n l; race; time; trotters; year cache: afs-5635.pdf plain text: afs-5635.txt item: #148 of 872 id: afs-5636 author: Kevin John Shingfield, Marjatta Jokela, Kaisa Kaustell, Pekka Huhtanen ja Juha Nousiainen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 17152 flesch: 56 summary: Effects of dietary protein concentration on lactating cows. Protein feeding and reproductive efficiency Introduction Over recent years considerable emphasis has been placed on protein feeding of the dairy cow, since protein is typically the most expensive feed ingredient, milk payments tend to favour the pro- duction of milk protein and excessive nitrogen (N) excretion has a detrimental affect on the en- vironment (Broderick and Clayton 1997). keywords: concentrations; content; cows; dairy; dairy cows; dietary; e n; efficiency; energy; et al; feeding; herds; journal; milk; n c; n d; n f; n l; production; protein; protein feeding; reproductive; rumen; science; urea cache: afs-5636.pdf plain text: afs-5636.txt item: #149 of 872 id: afs-5637 author: Helmi Risku-Norja title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 8 (1999): 393–410. date: 2002-09-23 words: 10646 flesch: 60 summary: When assessing the volumes of material flows, the use of natural resources caused by the domestic consumption abroad must also be accounted for. This can be accomplished by reducing material flows at the input side and simultaneously treating the envi- ronmental problems caused by the economic activity. keywords: 1998; accounting; agriculture; c e; consumption; development; e n; economy; energy; finland; flows; material; material flows; mfa; n c; n d; n f; n l; production; resources; tmr; use cache: afs-5637.pdf plain text: afs-5637.txt item: #150 of 872 id: afs-5638 author: Tiina Ikonen, Outi Ruottinen, Eeva-Liisa Syväoja, Kimmo Saarinen, Eero Pahkala ja Matti Ojala title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 7118 flesch: 71 summary: Effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on yield and composition of Emmental cheese Tiina Ikonen, Outi Ruottinen Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: tiina.ikonen@helsinki.fi Eeva-Liisa Syväoja, Kimmo Saarinen Valio Ltd., Research and Development, PO Box 10, FIN-00039 Valio, Finland Eero Pahkala Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Food Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Matti Ojala Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland The effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on cheese yield, and on composition of cheese and cheese whey was estimated using milks that were collected from two herd groups each consisting of 4 herds. keywords: cheese; coagulation; content; group; herds; milk; properties; yield cache: afs-5638.pdf plain text: afs-5638.txt item: #151 of 872 id: afs-5639 author: Liisa Pietola, Risto Tanni ja Paavo Elonen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 9101 flesch: 80 summary: Significant increases in N yield by PGR use were recorded in 1995 at N rates of 150 and 180 kg ha-1, (14 and 12 kg ha-1 , respectively) and in 1996 at N rates of 90 and 180 kg ha-1, (5 and 13 kg ha-1, respectively). PGR use showed negative response to N yields (3 to 12 kg ha-1) at N rates of 30–120 kg ha-1 in 1995, with the grain yield decrease. keywords: c e; e n; fertilization; ha-1; hsd; kg ha-1; n c; n d; n f; n l; pgr+; rates; yield cache: afs-5639.pdf plain text: afs-5639.txt item: #152 of 872 id: afs-5640 author: Kaija Hakala, Riitta Heliö, Eeva Tuhkanen ja Timo Kaukoranta title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 8910 flesch: 64 summary: The stands were subjected to four treatment conditions: a) ambient air temperature and ambient CO 2 con- centration; b) increased temperature (3°C above ambient) and ambient CO 2 ; c) ambient tempera- ture and elevated CO 2 (700 µl l-1) and d) in- creased temperature and elevated CO 2 . Kalevi (B) grown in open air plots, in open top chambers (OTCs) with ambient CO 2 (aCO 2 ) and in OTCs with elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ), at ambient and elevated (3°C above ambient) temperatures. keywords: ambient; e n; fescue; leaves; meadow; n c; n f; n l; photosynthesis; rubisco; wheat cache: afs-5640.pdf plain text: afs-5640.txt item: #153 of 872 id: afs-5641 author: Leena Lindén, Pauliina Palonen, Mervi Seppänen, Anu Väinölä title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 12282 flesch: 65 summary: Exceptionally cold winters have served as hardiness tests: recorded winter injury evalua- tions (e.g. Vaarama 1941, Yli-Pietilä et al. 1987, Lundén and Säkö 1988) have yielded valuable data on the potential of different species. Many have been lost due to cold winters and poor adaptation during subsequent years. keywords: 1999; acclimation; breeding; c e; cold; crops; cultivars; e n; field; finland; freezing; frost; hardiness; injury; n c; n d; n f; n l; plants; species; survival; tolerance; winter; winter hardiness cache: afs-5641.pdf plain text: afs-5641.txt item: #154 of 872 id: afs-5642 author: Tuula Mäki-Valkama, Jari P.T. Valkonen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 14767 flesch: 63 summary: It is by no means a phenomenon limited or specific to transgenic plants express- ing resistance to PVY but is dealt with in this review because it provides a new and most like- ly broadly applicable concept for understanding the function of transgenic virus resistance and also natural, induced resistance to viruses in plants. Homology-dependent resistance: transgenic virus resistance in plants related to ho- mology-dependent gene-silencing. keywords: 1993; 1994; 1995; 1996; e n; et al; expression; gene; infection; journal; n c; n d; n f; n l; plants; potato; potato virus; protein; ptgs; pvy; resistance; rna; silencing; tobacco; transgenic; virus; virus resistance; viruses cache: afs-5642.pdf plain text: afs-5642.txt item: #155 of 872 id: afs-5643 author: Tuula Mäki-Valkama, Jari P.T. Valkonen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 14767 flesch: 63 summary: It is by no means a phenomenon limited or specific to transgenic plants express- ing resistance to PVY but is dealt with in this review because it provides a new and most like- ly broadly applicable concept for understanding the function of transgenic virus resistance and also natural, induced resistance to viruses in plants. Homology-dependent resistance: transgenic virus resistance in plants related to ho- mology-dependent gene-silencing. keywords: 1993; 1994; 1995; 1996; e n; et al; expression; gene; infection; journal; n c; n d; n f; n l; plants; potato; potato virus; protein; ptgs; pvy; resistance; rna; silencing; tobacco; transgenic; virus; virus resistance; viruses cache: afs-5643.pdf plain text: afs-5643.txt item: #156 of 872 id: afs-5644 author: Merja Manninen, Ilmo Aronen, Harri Huhta title: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND, Vol.9,No.1, p.3 –16 date: 2002-09-23 words: 9094 flesch: 74 summary: Cow diet, feeding level or sex of the calf had no affect on the incidence of calving diff i- culty (Table 4). Urea-treated straw proved to be a suitable winter feed for spring calving suckler cows. keywords: c e; cows; diet; e n; feeding; level; n c; n f; n l; straw; urea cache: afs-5644.pdf plain text: afs-5644.txt item: #157 of 872 id: afs-5645 author: Hannele S. Sankari title: Agricultural and Food Sience in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 5389 flesch: 72 summary: At the moment, only a limited amount of in- formation is available concerning the physical properties and processing of linseed fibres (Rei- jonen 1998). Use of linseed fibre is being considered for several products, but as yet our knowledge of the physical properties of linseed fibre is inade- quate. keywords: bast; bor; content; fibre; flax; genotypes; helmi; linseed; stem; yield cache: afs-5645.pdf plain text: afs-5645.txt item: #158 of 872 id: afs-5646 author: Terhi Suojala title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 4583 flesch: 72 summary: Cultivars Hole et al. (1987) reported that cultivars with a high root yield tend to have high shoot weights. It would seem that partitioning to leaf production at an early stage, resulting in a high- er shoot to root ratio, ensures a potential for high biomass production and high root weight (Hole et al. 1987). keywords: e n; growth; leaf; n c; n f; n l; root; shoot; weight cache: afs-5646.pdf plain text: afs-5646.txt item: #159 of 872 id: afs-5647 author: Risto Uusitalo ja Hanna-Riikka Tuhkanen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 5228 flesch: 67 summary: Even though AER cannot extract all P from Al and Fe oxide surfaces at low P saturation, P sorption by Al- QS and Fe-QS shaken in solutions containing 250 ppm P suggested fairly similar α values for the soils studied: Al Fe P(250) sorption α ——————mmol/kg——————— Al-QS 165 0 18.6 0.11 Fe-QS 0 62 8.4 0.14 There was no exchangeable or dissolved Ca present when Al-QS and Fe-QS were shaken in P solution. Soil inorganic P was characterised by sequentially extracting P from the fractions assumed to be connected to Al and Fe compounds and present as the stable apatitic form. keywords: n c; n l; soils; sorption cache: afs-5647.pdf plain text: afs-5647.txt item: #160 of 872 id: afs-5648 author: Jouko Sippola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 3019 flesch: 59 summary: Computer simu- lation of changes in soil nitrogen during under a crop of winter wheat. It is concluded that simulation estimated springtime soil nitrate concentration with reasonable confidence that further testing of estimating soil nitrate concentration in spring for adjustment of nitrogen fertilisation using SOILN model should be continued. keywords: n c; n l; nitrate; nitrogen; soil; values cache: afs-5648.pdf plain text: afs-5648.txt item: #161 of 872 id: afs-5649 author: Maj-Lis Aaltonen ja Ritva Hagelin title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 2704 flesch: 42 summary: http://www.doi.org/ rdus – Academic Subject Gateway Service pe http://www.renardus.org rPlatter, SilverLinker http://www.silverplatter.com/silverlinker/ index.htm ersity of Helsinki http://www.helsinki.fi (in Finnish) – Tie- toa yliopistosta – Tutkimus http://www.helsinki.fi/english (in English) Research – Publication database (or Re- search project database) ersity of Kuopio http://www.uku.fi – Tutkimus – Julkaisu- toiminta http://www.uku.fi/english/ – Research – Publications nical Research Centre of Finland, Valtion llinen tutkimuskeskus (VTT) http://www.vtt.fi – Tutkimus tai Tuloksia http://www.vtt.fi/indexe.htm (in English) – Research or Results http://www.mttl.fi/DEFAULT.HTM http://www.mttl.fi/ENGLISH/ http://www.mtt.fi http://www.mtt.fi/english/ http://www.cabi.org/index.htm http://hul.helsinki.fi/finelib/index.html http://hul.helsinki.fi/finelib/index.html http://www.jyu.fi/library/virtuaalikirjasto/ http://www.jyu.fi/library/virtuaalikirjasto/engvirli.htm http://www.ifis.org/ http://www.helsinki.fi/julki/ http://www.helsinki.fi/julki/en http://www.mtt.fi/triphome/wwwjukuri/jukurihaku.html http://www.mtt.fi/triphome/wwwjukuri/jukurihaku_eng.html http://novagate.nova-university.org/ http://www.doi.org/ http://www.renardus.org http://www.silverplatter.com/silverlinker/index.htm http://www.helsinki.fi http://www.helsinki.fi/english http://www.uku.fi http://www.uku.fi/english/ http://www.vtt.fi http://www.vtt.fi/indexe.htm http://www.cgiar.org/isnar/arow 94 Web technology databases have recently launched a further service that allows full text documents to be directly accessed from refer- ence lists. keywords: database; e n; food; information; research cache: afs-5649.pdf plain text: afs-5649.txt item: #162 of 872 id: afs-5650 author: Patricia Tanada-Palmu, Harry Helén ja Lea Hyvönen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 5693 flesch: 68 summary: Key words: edible film, edible coatings, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, wheat gluten Introduction There has been considerable recent interest in edible films for foods (Kester and Fennema 1986, Guilbert 1986, Guilbert and Biquet 1989). Tomatoes dipped in acetic acid-treated wheat gluten film solution were glossy, whereas those dipped in ammonium hydroxide-treated solution were opaque. keywords: e n; films; gluten; n c; n d; n f; n l; water; wheat cache: afs-5650.pdf plain text: afs-5650.txt item: #163 of 872 id: afs-5651 author: Esko Petäjä, Päivi Myllyniemi, Pasi Petäjä, Velimatti Ollilainen ja Vieno Piironen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 6055 flesch: 74 summary: The nutrient broth culture count was 6.8 log cfu/ml; the aim count in the vegetable mixture was 3 log cfu/g. Grouping of sour cabbages The purpose was to examine how L. alimentar- ius and P. pentosaceus strain POHK ferment sour cabbage and the effect of these bacteria on the growth of yeast in sour cabbage. The pH value of experimental sour cabbage groups (1–6) during fermentation (0, 10 and 21 days) and storage (2, 3 and 5 months). keywords: acid; cabbage; days; fermentation; strain; yeast cache: afs-5651.pdf plain text: afs-5651.txt item: #164 of 872 id: afs-5652 author: Niklas Jeppsson, Xiangqun Gao title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-23 words: 3633 flesch: 70 summary: Thus, the decrease in ascorbic acid content in sea buckthorn berries during ripening could be a prerequisite for the ripening process. Ascorbic acid content in relation to ripeness in fruits of six H. r. clones from Pyhäranta, SW Finland. keywords: acid; ascorbic; content; cultivars cache: afs-5652.pdf plain text: afs-5652.txt item: #165 of 872 id: afs-5653 author: Pekka Huhtanen, Seppo Ahvenjärvi ja Terttu Heikkilä title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 9801 flesch: 69 summary: Na application had only marginal, but statisti- cally significant quadratic effects (P<0.01) on timothy K concentration. Na-lannoitus lisäsi hie- man ja K-lannoitus vähensi typpipitoisuutta ja mo- lemmat vähensivät laskennallista sokeripitoisuutta. keywords: e n; n c; n d; n f; n l cache: afs-5653.pdf plain text: afs-5653.txt item: #166 of 872 id: afs-5654 author: Marketta Rinne ja Arja Nykänen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 7744 flesch: 67 summary: Timing of primary growth harvest affects the yield and nutritive value of timothy-red clover mixtures Marketta Rinne Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: marketta.rinne@mtt.fi Arja Nykänen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Resource Management Research, FIN-51900 Juva, Finland, e-mail: arja.nykanen@mtt.fi The effects of partition of growth time between primary growth and regrowth of perennial organically grown mixed (mainly timothy and red clover) leys were studied over two years in Juva, Finland. If the aim of forage production is to produce feed for intensive animal production, primary growths should be harvested early, because the poor qual- ity of primary growth influenced the quality of forage harvested across both growth periods. keywords: clover; growth; leys; n c; n l; primary; production; red; timothy; yield cache: afs-5654.pdf plain text: afs-5654.txt item: #167 of 872 id: afs-5655 author: Arja Paasikallio, Riitta Sormunen-Cristian, Seija Jaakkola ja Matti Kaikkonen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 5924 flesch: 64 summary: Silage AFCF contents, as high as 500 mg kg -1 , would not exceed recom- mended AFCF daily doses in sheep fed that si- lage 3 kg d -1 . In experiment 2, linear and quadratic effects of AFCF treatment were studied. keywords: 1989; afcf; e n; n c; n f; n l; radiocaesium; sheep; silage; transfer cache: afs-5655.pdf plain text: afs-5655.txt item: #168 of 872 id: afs-5656 author: Claus Peter Bjælke Hansen ja Leif Lau title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 4118 flesch: 71 summary: Most stereotypies were found in the group in small cages with a dry basin. The combined effect of cage size and water condi- tions was tested by comparing the four groups directly. keywords: access; cage; mink; n c; n l; water cache: afs-5656.pdf plain text: afs-5656.txt item: #169 of 872 id: afs-5657 author: Claus Peter Bjælke Hansen ja Leif Lau Jeppesen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 4179 flesch: 75 summary: Half of the animals grew up with free access to swimming water in a basin, the other half to an empty middle cage. The effect of swimming water and cage size on the behaviour of ranch mink (Mustela vison). keywords: access; cage; group; middle; mink; tunnel; water cache: afs-5657.pdf plain text: afs-5657.txt item: #170 of 872 id: afs-5658 author: Hely Tuorila title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 6125 flesch: 63 summary: Moreover, consumer acceptance work may focus on con- textual factors in food acceptance, such as the effect of product information or the momentary hunger or satiety of an individual. The present review addresses sensory and hedonic characteristics in such foods, focus- ing on Finnish research around the issue. keywords: e n; fat; foods; n c; n d; n f; n l; tuorila cache: afs-5658.pdf plain text: afs-5658.txt item: #171 of 872 id: afs-5659 author: Tailin Xue ja Helinä Hartikainen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 5554 flesch: 63 summary: Although GSH-Px and SOD do not share com- mon substrates and GSH-Px cannot scavenge superoxide anion radicals (O 2 -⋅) directly, the en- hancing influence of Se addition on SOD might be caused by increased demand for antioxida- tive capacity to counteract Se toxicity. Although UV irradiation generally dimin- ished the activities of enzymes other than GSH- Px irrespective of Se addition, in combination with Se it increased CAT in the second assays of both plants, SOD in the first lettuce assay and GST in the second ryegrass assay. keywords: cat; effect; enzymes; gsh; irradiation; light; plant cache: afs-5659.pdf plain text: afs-5659.txt item: #172 of 872 id: afs-5660 author: Riitta Sormunen-Cristian ja Lauri Jauhiainen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 8247 flesch: 73 summary: In several studies, ewe lambs reared on a low level showed delayed onset of oestrus or totally failed to exhibit oestrus in the first year As long as reproductive performance is not reduced, ewe lambs could remain with market lambs, which would reduce labour and space requirements, and also permit selection of replacement females when the animals are older and larger. keywords: diet; e n; ewe; ewes; lambs; milk; n c; n d; n f; n l; protein cache: afs-5660.pdf plain text: afs-5660.txt item: #173 of 872 id: afs-5661 author: Riitta Lemola, Eila Turtola ja Christian Eriksson title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 8407 flesch: 73 summary: In Finland, the use of catch crops to prevent N leaching has so far been restricted to a few horticultural crops in a limited area. In the present experi- ment, the after-effect period was too short to al- low discovery of long-term effects of undersow- ing on N leaching. keywords: catch; clay; crop; leaching; n c; n l; ryegrass; sand; soil; spring; tillage; undersowing cache: afs-5661.pdf plain text: afs-5661.txt item: #174 of 872 id: afs-5662 author: Håkan Jansson, Väinö Mäntylahti, Aaro Närvänen ja Risto Uusitalo title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 2433 flesch: 67 summary: We compared the extractable P in ditch sediment with the P concentration in ditch water during high flow periods in areas of different land use by assuming that the sediment gradually equili- brates with the water running in the ditch. Dissolved reactive P in ditch water as a function of phos- phorus extracted with ammonium acetate in ditch sediments. keywords: sediment; water cache: afs-5662.pdf plain text: afs-5662.txt item: #175 of 872 id: afs-5663 author: Asko Simojoki title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 3616 flesch: 69 summary: for root width (r = 0.94, P < 0.001, n = 71) than that for root length (r = 0.48, P < 0.001, n = 71). Although the total projection area of roots even in the largest samples remained ap- proximately the same irrespective of whether the whole sample was scanned at a time or in many sections, the estimate for root length decreased and that for root width increased as root length on the tray increased. keywords: analysis; length; n c; n l; roots cache: afs-5663.pdf plain text: afs-5663.txt item: #176 of 872 id: afs-5664 author: Yang-Dong Guo, Tarja Niemelä, Unto Tulisalo ja Seppo Pulli title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 4162 flesch: 69 summary: I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Vol. 9 (2000): 231–238. Maintenance of male sterile germplasm in Brassica rapa by in vitro propagation Yang-Dong Guo Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland, e-mail: yaguo@utu.fi Tarja Niemelä, Unto Tulisalo Mildola Ltd, Anttila Research Farm, Anttilantie 30, FIN-04300 Tuusula, Finland Seppo Pulli Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland An efficient tissue culture system for plant regeneration, from mature cut branches, was established to maintain male sterile material in Brassica rapa L. The immature pods gave the best re- sults for callus induction and plant regeneration. keywords: 2,4; brassica; callus; explants; l-1; shoot cache: afs-5664.pdf plain text: afs-5664.txt item: #177 of 872 id: afs-5665 author: Mia K. Sahramaa ja Leena Hömmö title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 7457 flesch: 74 summary: In an additional experiment, the effect of storage temperature and storage time on seed germination were investigated for ‘Venture’. I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Vol. 9 (2000): 239–251. high thousand seed weight (0.93–1.04 g) and seed germination (74–91%). keywords: canary; e n; germination; grass; n c; n l; production; reed; seed; storage; yield cache: afs-5665.pdf plain text: afs-5665.txt item: #178 of 872 id: afs-5666 author: Anna-Liisa Varis title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 2534 flesch: 71 summary: The most common pollen type was Brassicaceae pollen, which was represented by 60% of the grains counted. 1. In 1937 Brassica oilseed crops were not grown in Finland, and Brassicaceae pollen was not found in honey. keywords: crops; finland; honey; pollen; samples cache: afs-5666.pdf plain text: afs-5666.txt item: #179 of 872 id: afs-5667 author: Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen ja Antti Pasila title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 4653 flesch: 73 summary: Equilibrium moisture content of flax/linseed and fibre hemp straw fractions Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen and Antti Pasila Department of Agricultural Engineering and Household Technology, PO Box 27 (Viikki F), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: hanna-riitta.kymalainen@helsinki.fi This preliminary study of the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of bast fibre plants (Linum usita- tissimum L. and Cannabis sativa L.) examines three fractions, fibre, fine shive and coarse shive. sample replicate moisture content % (d.b.) keywords: e n; n c; n f; n l cache: afs-5667.pdf plain text: afs-5667.txt item: #180 of 872 id: afs-5668 author: Timo Lötjönen ja Hannu Mikkola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 4877 flesch: 76 summary: Although inter-row hoeing seems to be a fairly effective method for weed control, it may be difficult to compensate for the yield loss due to the increase in row spacing. Row spacings, cm Weed control 12.5 Non-weeded 12.5 Chemical control 12.5 Spring tine harrow 12.5 Rotary hoe 18 Row hoe 25 Non-weeded 25 Row hoe Table 2. keywords: control; hoeing; n c; n l; row; soil; weed cache: afs-5668.pdf plain text: afs-5668.txt item: #181 of 872 id: afs-5669 author: Galyna I. Bartish, Niklas Jeppsson, Igor V. Bartish ja Hilde Nybom title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 5310 flesch: 56 summary: I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Bartish, G.I. et al. RAPD diversity in sea buckthorn Introduction A number of plant species, that have only rarely been cultivated in the past, are now being inves- tigated for possible domestication with the goal to diversify farming and to introduce crops that are amenable to organic production methods. I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Bartish, G.I. et al. RAPD diversity in sea buckthorn Table 1. keywords: cultivar; e n; mongolica; n c; n f; n l; rapd; rhamnoides; russia; ssp cache: afs-5669.pdf plain text: afs-5669.txt item: #182 of 872 id: afs-5670 author: Delbert L. Mokma, Markku Yli-Halla ja Helinä Hartikainen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 6924 flesch: 73 summary: The occurrence of soils formally meeting the crite- ria of Mollisols has not been systematically sur- veyed in Finland but mollic epipedons seem to occur mostly in cultivated soils which have sandy plow layers (Yli-Halla et al. 2000). Soil Taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. keywords: 10yr; c2p; e n; fao; finland; helsinki; n c; n d; n f; n l; pedons; soil cache: afs-5670.pdf plain text: afs-5670.txt item: #183 of 872 id: afs-5671 author: Asko Simojoki title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 8526 flesch: 72 summary: Responses of soil respiration and barley growth to modified supply of oxygen in the soil Asko Simojoki Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: asko.simojoki@helsinki.fi Roots of dry-land plants are supplied with oxygen mainly by molecular diffusion from soil air. Yields of barley and CO 2 emissions from soila Dry matter yield g pot-1 CO 2 emission g C pot-1 Shoot Root n Cropped soil n Uncropped soil Loose soil O 2 % Wet 0 4.5 0.08 1 0.73 1 0.41 2 6.7 ± 0.5 0.06 ± 0.02 2 0.75 ± 0.04 3 0.40 ± 0.07 10 13.0 ± 4.0 0.22 ± 0.04 4 1.66 ± 0.34 3 0.43 ± 0.03 20 12.7 ± 2.7 0.74 ± 0.17 2 1.68 ± 0.26 3 0.44 ± 0.03 Moist 0 6.6 ± 0.8 0.10 ± 0.01 3 0.61 ± 0.06 1 0.25 2 7.0 ± 1.0 0.14 ± 0.01 4 0.91 ± 0.14 3 0.39 ± 0.04 10 25.2 ± 1.2 1.28 ± 0.25 6 3.51 ± 0.22 3 0.40 ± 0.03 20 27.8 ± 1.7 1.15 ± 0.16 8 3.72 ± 0.15 3 0.43 ± 0.03 Compact soil Wet 10 5.7 ± 0.7 0.26 ± 0.03 2 1.55 ± 0.17 2 0.90 ± 0.08 20 7.2 ± 1.7 0.32 ± 0.06 2 1.65 ± 0.06 2 1.04 ± 0.02 keywords: air; e n; n c; n d; n f; n l; oxygen; plant; roots; soil; soil air; water cache: afs-5671.pdf plain text: afs-5671.txt item: #184 of 872 id: afs-5672 author: Liisa Pietola ja Tapio Salo title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 6630 flesch: 73 summary: Soil N contents were not de- termined. In loam (pH H2O 6.8), soil P content, analysed in acid ammonium acetate (pH 4.65) (Vuorinen and Mäkitie 1955), was very high (80 mg dm-3) in 0– 25 cm soil depth and 20 mg dm-3 in 25–50 cm, decreasing to 70 and 6 mg dm-3, respectively, by the end of the experiment. keywords: compaction; contents; ha-1; irrigation; n l; soil cache: afs-5672.pdf plain text: afs-5672.txt item: #185 of 872 id: afs-5673 author: Karl-Jan Erstad, Nikolai Y. Konovalov, Jukka Putro, Martin Rex ja Elsa Luukkonen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-09-24 words: 8847 flesch: 71 summary: (1986) proved that car- bonate liming materials and finely ground LD slag from Belgium had an equal liming effect. The Soil Incubation method The Soil Incubation method is a laboratory pro- cedure intended to demonstrate the reactivity of liming materials under agricultural conditions (Erstad 1992). keywords: bof; c e; calcite; e n; liming; materials; merox; n c; n d; n f; n l; rauta; slags; soil cache: afs-5673.pdf plain text: afs-5673.txt item: #186 of 872 id: afs-5674 author: Merja Manninen, Harri Huhta title: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND vol 10, no. 1 p. 3-18 date: 2001-03-30 words: 9286 flesch: 71 summary: On feeding level M cows had a daily intake of 9.1 and 10.4 kg DM during periods P1 and P2, respectively. During indoor feeding cows receiving a lower level of feeding lost more (P<0.05) condition (–0.67 vs.–0.09 for L and M, respectively). keywords: calf; calving; cows; e n; feeding; level; milk; n c; n f; n l; partum; performance; post; pre cache: afs-5674.pdf plain text: afs-5674.txt item: #187 of 872 id: afs-5675 author: Jarmo Valaja, Sini Perttilä, Kirsi Partanen, Tuomo Kiiskinen, Jari Piironen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 19–26. Vol. 10 (2001): 19–26. date: 2001-03-30 words: 4878 flesch: 62 summary: Basal diet supplemented with dicalciumphosphate (1) vs. other treatments (2, 3 and 4), C2: basal diet without inorganic P (2) vs. phytase supplementations (3 and 4), C3: Aspergillus phytase (3) vs. Trichoderma phytase (4). Basal diet supplemented with dicalciumphosphate (1) vs. other treatments (2, 3 and 4), C2: basal diet without inorganic P (2) vs. phytase supplementations (3 and 4), C3: Aspergillus phytase (3) vs. Trichoderma phytase (4). keywords: aspergillus; diet; meal; phytase; soybean cache: afs-5675.pdf plain text: afs-5675.txt item: #188 of 872 id: afs-5676 author: Marita Ruusunen, Marjo Särkkä-Tirkkonen, Eero Puolanne title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 27–32. Vol. 10 (2001): 27–32. date: 2002-09-24 words: 3450 flesch: 73 summary: In products with low salt content and a high amount of added water is necessary to add extra protein or other ingredients e.g. carrageenan or starch to increase the yield (Prabhu and Sebranek 1997). The differences in saltiness among the hams with different salt content were studied using two-way analysis of variance. keywords: content; food; hams; meat; nacl; salt; saltiness cache: afs-5676.pdf plain text: afs-5676.txt item: #189 of 872 id: afs-5677 author: Markku Yli-Halla, Delbert L. Mokma title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 33–43. Vol. 10 (2001): 33–43 date: 2003-11-11 words: 5742 flesch: 75 summary: I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Yli-Halla, M. & Mokma, D. L. Soils of Jokioinen Glacial till covers 29% of the area, clayey soils 53%, organic soils 5%, silt and sand 5%, rocky areas 7% and rivers and lakes about 1% of the area (Urvas 1997). Clayey soils The clayey lacustrine sediments dominate the cultivated land. keywords: 10yr; e n; fao; jokioinen; n c; n f; n l; soil; system cache: afs-5677.pdf plain text: afs-5677.txt item: #190 of 872 id: afs-5678 author: Asko Simojoki title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 45–52. Vol. 10 (2001): 45–52. date: 2003-11-11 words: 4768 flesch: 69 summary: However, in loose moist soil hypoxia prevented root growth, but did not change root morphology. However, root morphology was nearly unchanged (without any signs of e.g. aer- enchyma formation) where root growth was pre- vented by hypoxia. keywords: barley; compaction; e n; growth; n c; n l; roots; soil cache: afs-5678.pdf plain text: afs-5678.txt item: #191 of 872 id: afs-5679 author: Helinä Hartikainen, Liisa Pietola, Asko Simojoki, Tailin Xue title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 53–58. Vol. 10 (2001): 53–58. date: 2001-03-30 words: 3304 flesch: 73 summary: Se fertilisation de- creased the specific length of lettuce roots in the young lettuce (48 d), and the width and specific volume of roots were increased by the lower Se dose (Table 2). Ryegrass roots were not as sensitive to added Se as lettuce roots; a lower dosage stimulated root growth but a higher one reduced it. keywords: length; lettuce; root; ryegrass; soil cache: afs-5679.pdf plain text: afs-5679.txt item: #192 of 872 id: afs-5680 author: Snejana Doncheva, V. Vassileva, G. Ignatov, S. Pandev, Ramdane Dris and Raina Niskanen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 59–64. Vol. 10 (2001): 59–64. date: 2003-11-11 words: 3122 flesch: 64 summary: Total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, the chlorophyll a/b ratio and the photosynthetic efficiency, indicated by the rate of CO 2 assimilation, were significantly lower in leaves of nitrogen deficient plants compared with the control (Table 1). Morphometric analysis showed that the cross sectional area of the con- trol plant chloroplasts was smaller, but the chlo- roplast length, the number of grana per chloro- plast and the number of thylakoids per granum were higher with respect to N-deficient plant chloroplasts (Table 1).The proportion of stroma matrix of the chloroplasts cross section occupied by starch inclusions and plastoglobules was in- creased in nitrogen deficient plants (Table 1). keywords: chloroplast; leaf; nitrogen; plants cache: afs-5680.pdf plain text: afs-5680.txt item: #193 of 872 id: afs-5681 author: Anne Kasurinen,Toini Holopainen, Seija Anttonen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.10 (2001):113 –119 date: 2001-08-29 words: 3640 flesch: 57 summary: Saponification with 60% KOH released root ergosterol in free form, which was then extracted with pentane. Highbush blueberry root samples were col- lected systematically, i.e. from every fifth plant in every second row, whereas wild bilberries and bog whortleberries were collected randomly from their growing sites. keywords: e n; ergosterol; mycorrhizal; n c; n f; n l; roots cache: afs-5681.pdf plain text: afs-5681.txt item: #194 of 872 id: afs-5682 author: Gustavo A.Slafer, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 121–131 date: 2001-08-29 words: 6201 flesch: 67 summary: The degree to which other cereals exhib- it similar decreases in yield gains during the re- cent decades, has not been determined. This was followed by a more than 3-fold increase in rate of yield gains by the end of the century (Fig. 1, Table 1). keywords: cereals; gains; n c; n f; n l; slafer; trends; wheat; yield cache: afs-5682.pdf plain text: afs-5682.txt item: #195 of 872 id: afs-5683 author: Anne Kasurinen,Toini Holopainen, Seija Anttonen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.10 (2001):113 –119 date: 2001-08-29 words: 3640 flesch: 57 summary: Saponification with 60% KOH released root ergosterol in free form, which was then extracted with pentane. Highbush blueberry root samples were col- lected systematically, i.e. from every fifth plant in every second row, whereas wild bilberries and bog whortleberries were collected randomly from their growing sites. keywords: e n; ergosterol; mycorrhizal; n c; n f; n l; roots cache: afs-5683.pdf plain text: afs-5683.txt item: #196 of 872 id: afs-5684 author: Katri Rankinen, Sirkka Tattari and Seppo Rekolainen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 99–112 date: 2001-08-28 words: 6804 flesch: 69 summary: The results of this study dem- onstrated that vegetative filter strips may be ef- fective in erosion control in catchments, but that the greatest advantage can be achieved in areas with a high proportion of erosion risk areas, such as high-slope fields neighbouring open ditches and rivers. Both methods were able to identify major erosion risk areas, i.e areas where VFS are partic- ularly necessary. keywords: areas; e n; erosion; field; filter; n c; n d; n f; n l; soil; strips; vfs cache: afs-5684.pdf plain text: afs-5684.txt item: #197 of 872 id: afs-5685 author: Hannu Korhonen, Paavo Niemelä and Pekka Siirilä title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 91–98 date: 2001-08-28 words: 4267 flesch: 72 summary: Whelping result was poorer in aggres- sive (0.2 ± 0.2 kits per breeding female; 2.5 ± 0.5 kits per whelped female) than in curious (1.2 ± 0.2; 3.1 ± 0.2) and fearful females (1.0 ± 0.3; 3.5 ±0.4). Breedings of fearful females were completed first, i.e. during week 6. keywords: females; mink; n c; n l; temperament cache: afs-5685.pdf plain text: afs-5685.txt item: #198 of 872 id: afs-5686 author: Silvio Kosutiç, Dubravko Filipoviç and Zlatko Gospodariç title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 81–90. date: 2001-08-28 words: 5563 flesch: 64 summary: Soil and crop responses to soil tillage systems: a Polish per- spective. The conservation tillage system II with a chisel plough and single pass of a multitiller saved 40.8% energy in com- parison to conventional tillage system. keywords: maize; n c; soil; system; tillage; wheat; winter; yield cache: afs-5686.pdf plain text: afs-5686.txt item: #199 of 872 id: afs-56862 author: None title: afs-56862 date: 2018-01-16 words: 7735 flesch: 65 summary: Significant interactions between ferrihydrite enrichment and P source were observed for total P content in shoots, P uptake, and total Fe and total dry matter in shoots (Table 1). Inoculation with B. subtilis QST713 proved efficient towards mobilizing P; thus, total P in shoots and roots, and P uptake, were increased relative to the control without inoculation irrespective of P source and the presence of sorbent surfaces. keywords: bacillus; growth; medium; phosphorus; plants; soil; subtilis; total; uptake cache: afs-56862.pdf plain text: afs-56862.txt item: #200 of 872 id: afs-56867 author: None title: afs-56867 date: 2016-11-24 words: 12147 flesch: 61 summary: However, in our study, the third crop cycle showed a clear drop in fruit production (berry yield of 2.1 g/plant), thus evidencing the need of plant substitution after the second harvest, as elsewhere indicated also for Fragaria x ananassa (Moor et al. 2004, Conti et al. 2014). (Blanch et al. 2015). keywords: 2012; acid; alp; berries; doumett; emt; et al; fragaria; fruits; n.d; plant; rdv; samples; tft; vesca cache: afs-56867.pdf plain text: afs-56867.txt item: #201 of 872 id: afs-5687 author: Kati Jalonoja and Kyösti Pietola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 69–80. date: 2001-08-28 words: 5497 flesch: 67 summary: Within a marketing season, the volatility of potato prices is expected to increase with time because the supply for potatoes is expected to get more inelastic towards the end of the mar- keting season (Fig. 2). Potato prices in 1990–2000 (Food and Farm Facts Ltd 2000). keywords: e n; market; marketing; n c; n f; n l; potato; price cache: afs-5687.pdf plain text: afs-5687.txt item: #202 of 872 id: afs-5688 author: Marjo Keskitalo title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.10 (2001):145 –151 date: 2002-01-10 words: 3939 flesch: 63 summary: The yield of tansy protoplasts was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when isolated from donor tis- sues cultured under 20–40 µM m–2 s–1. In addition to the number of protoplasts and the success of protoplasts isolation overall, it would have been very interesting in our experiment to measure the frequency of cell division in great- er detail. keywords: intensity; light; number; plant; protoplasts; pyrethrum; tanacetum; tansy cache: afs-5688.pdf plain text: afs-5688.txt item: #203 of 872 id: afs-5689 author: Jukka Salonen,Terho Hyv ö nen and Heikki Jalli title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-01-08 words: 6648 flesch: 72 summary: A common observation is that organic farming preserves biodiversity since the number of weed species, weed density and the biomass production of weeds are higher than in conven- tionally cropped fields, which are typically treat- ed with herbicides. Frequencies (%) of weed species by region. keywords: crop; e n; fields; finland; n c; n f; n l; number; species; weed cache: afs-5689.pdf plain text: afs-5689.txt item: #204 of 872 id: afs-5690 author: Mervi M.Seppänen, Oiva Nissinen, Saija Perälä title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.10 (2001):153 –163 date: 2002-01-10 words: 6398 flesch: 64 summary: In field experiments the mechanism of frost injury varied according to the severity of night frosts. Key words: freezing tolerance, frost injury, photoinhibition, potatoes, somatic hybrids mailto:mervi.seppanen@helsinki.fi 154 keywords: freezing; frost; injury; n c; n f; n l; potato; temperature; tolerance cache: afs-5690.pdf plain text: afs-5690.txt item: #205 of 872 id: afs-5691 author: Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio and Ari Rajala title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.10 (2001):165 –174 date: 2002-01-10 words: 6566 flesch: 72 summary: Increased grain yield attributable to CCC application resulted from more panicles per square meter and higher contribution of tillers to grain yield. No lodging occurred and the recorded increase in grain yield of CCC treated plants was not therefore due to prevention of lodging. keywords: ccc; ethephon; grain; growth; n c; oat; panicle; peltonen; plant; yield cache: afs-5691.pdf plain text: afs-5691.txt item: #206 of 872 id: afs-5692 author: Heikki Laurila title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.10 (2001):175 –196 date: 2002-01-15 words: 12808 flesch: 63 summary: CO 2 = CO 2 concentration (ppm), D TEMP = temperature change (°C), SOW = earlier sowing (d) before reference sowing date (15 May), O YIELD = observed mean grain yield (t ha–1), PO YIELD = observed grain yield change (%) from the observed mean reference, S YIELD = simulated grain yield estimate (t ha–1), PS YIELD = simulated grain yield change (%) from the simulated mean reference, D YIELD = difference between observed and simulated yield (t ha–1), D DIF = simulated grain yield difference (%) from the observed, SE = standard error of the mean (1992–1994). Simulated mean grain yield under ambient temperature and CO 2 conditions was 6.16 t ha–1 for potential growth (4.49 t ha–1 non-potential) and 5.47 t ha–1 for the observed average yield (1992– 1994) in ambient open-top chamber conditions. keywords: ambient; conditions; elevated; grain; grain yield; ha–1; mean; model; n c; n l; potential; sowing; temperature; wheat; yield cache: afs-5692.pdf plain text: afs-5692.txt item: #207 of 872 id: afs-5693 author: Hannu Känkänen, Christian Eriksson, Mauri Räkkölänen, Martti Vuorinen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.10 (2001):197 –208 date: 2002-01-10 words: 7668 flesch: 69 summary: The residual effect of undersowing wester- wold ryegrass on crop yields was negligible in both successive years. The yeilds are as an average of all six years with cover crops at Laukaa, and all years except 1992 and 1993 at Pälkäne. crop N fertil. keywords: cereal; clover; crop; effect; grain; ha–1; n c; period; red; ryegrass; soil; undersowing; yield cache: afs-5693.pdf plain text: afs-5693.txt item: #208 of 872 id: afs-5694 author: Katri Pahkala, Hannele Sankari title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.10 (2001):209 –216 date: 2002-01-10 words: 3545 flesch: 76 summary: However, before optimal harvest date spring rape does not shatter significantly more than spring turnip rape. The greatest number of spring turnip rape seeds was shed in 1988. keywords: n c; rape; seeds; spring cache: afs-5694.pdf plain text: afs-5694.txt item: #209 of 872 id: afs-5695 author: Antti Hannukkala title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.10 (2001):217 –221 date: 2002-01-10 words: 2313 flesch: 79 summary: I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Vol. 10 (2001): 217–221. Research Note The effect of storage ageing and spring sprouting of seed tubers on the yield of three potato varieties in the Finnish Lapland Antti Hannukkala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Lapland Research Station, Tutkijantie 28, FIN-96900 Saarenkylä, Finland, e-mail: antti.hannukkala@mtt.fi The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of storage ageing on the emergence, stem and tuber number and yield of potato grown at the MTT Lapland Research Station in Rovaniemi in the Arctic Circle (66°35’N). How- ever, the ageing behaviour of seed tubers of dif- ferent cultivars during storage has not been stud- ied in the North. keywords: ageing; sprouting cache: afs-5695.pdf plain text: afs-5695.txt item: #210 of 872 id: afs-5696 author: Anna-Maija Kirkkari, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Hannu Rita title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 223–229 date: 2002-01-10 words: 3849 flesch: 68 summary: In the United Kingdom, it is advised that na- ked oat be threshed at grain moisture contents of less than 20% to prevent damage (Hayes 1992). To guarantee variation in grain moisture content, several rounds of threshing were carried out, including both morning threshing (aiming at the highest possible moisture content after night) and afternoon threshing (aiming at the lowest possi- ble moisture content). keywords: content; germination; grain; moisture; naked; oat; threshing cache: afs-5696.pdf plain text: afs-5696.txt item: #211 of 872 id: afs-5697 author: Mohamed A.Ibrahim, Pirjo Kainulainen, Abbas Aflatuni, Kari Tiilikkala, Jarmo K.Holopainen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 243–259 date: 2002-01-17 words: 11590 flesch: 66 summary: Thecodiplosis japonensis Japanese pine, Higher limonene and β-pinene contents Kim et al. 1976 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Description of isomers summarized from Fessenden et al. keywords: activity; c e; chemical; compounds; control; e n; effects; en e; et al; insect; journal; l t; limonene; monoterpenes; n c; n d; n f; n l; o n; oil; oils; pest; pine; plant cache: afs-5697.pdf plain text: afs-5697.txt item: #212 of 872 id: afs-5698 author: Jarmo K.Holopainen, Sakari Raiskio, Anu Wulff, Kari Tiilikkala title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 277–284 date: 2002-01-17 words: 3845 flesch: 69 summary: Asterisks above blue trap catches indicate significant (P < 0.05) difference from yellow trap catches. For the development of efficient monitoring and forecasting systems of Lygus populations, the low catches of bugs with yellow sticky traps have been a problem. keywords: blue; carrot; lygus; n c; rugulipennis; traps cache: afs-5698.pdf plain text: afs-5698.txt item: #213 of 872 id: afs-5699 author: Juha Helenius, Jarmo K.Holopainen, Erja Huusela-Veistola, Sirpa Kurppa, Pia Pokki, Anna-Liisa Varis title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 10 (2001): 261–276 date: 2002-01-10 words: 10419 flesch: 73 summary: Shannon-Wiener H’ diversity index was typically around 2.5 and expected species number rarefied to 600 trapped individuals was typically around 30 species. Rarefied to sample size of 600 individuals (which is sufficiently small sample to include all our data sets), expected species number was in every case over 20 species (Fig. 2). keywords: c e; carabids; data; diversity; e n; fields; finland; helenius; n c; n d; n f; n l; sets; species; total; trapping; traps; viikki cache: afs-5699.pdf plain text: afs-5699.txt item: #214 of 872 id: afs-5701 author: Kirsi Partanen, Jarmo Valaja,Taina Jalava ja Hilkka Siljander-Rasi title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-03-05 words: 9419 flesch: 69 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received April 2001 Composition, ileal amino acid digestibility and nutritive value of organically grown legume seeds and conventional rapeseed cakes for pigs Kirsi Partanen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Pigs, Tervamäentie 179, FIN-05840 Hyvinkää, Finland, e-mail: kirsi.partanen@mtt.fi Jarmo Valaja, Taina Jalava MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Animal Nutrition, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Hilkka Siljander-Rasi MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Pigs, Tervamäentie 179, FIN-05840 Hyvinkää, Finland Eight white-flowered pea (Pisum sativum) and two white-flowered field bean (Vicia faba) cultivars grown organically were analysed for proximate composition and amino acid content. The greatest differences in ileal amino acid digestibility oc- curred for methionine and cystine. keywords: acid; amino; content; digestibility; e n; field; ileal; n c; n l; peas; protein; rapeseed; seeds cache: afs-5701.pdf plain text: afs-5701.txt item: #215 of 872 id: afs-5702 author: Oiva Niemeläinen, Markku Kontturi, Lauri Jauhiainen ja Oiva Nissinen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-03-05 words: 7441 flesch: 70 summary: This difference, which inflates cereal yields by 9% in comparison with grass yields, is based on the observation that grasses can com- pletely utilize the 0.25 m space between plots while the erect cereals can only partially utilize the space. Perennial grass sward was the most productive of the studied crops in metabolizable energy production for ruminants. keywords: barley; feed; grain; grass; mey; oat; perennial; production; silage; study; wccs; yield cache: afs-5702.pdf plain text: afs-5702.txt item: #216 of 872 id: afs-5703 author: Jarkko K.Niemi ja Kyösti Pietola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-03-05 words: 5950 flesch: 64 summary: Under the quota system, milk prices are not sufficient instruments to control for milk sup- ply. Milk price is the farm gate price such that it includes all price subsi- dies and other price adjustments affecting the price paid for farmers. keywords: allocation; area; concentrates; farm; feed; land; milk; n c; price; subsidy; supply cache: afs-5703.pdf plain text: afs-5703.txt item: #217 of 872 id: afs-5704 author: Terhi Suojala title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-03-05 words: 5851 flesch: 75 summary: Statistical analysis Response variables were the percentages of weight loss, total storage loss, rooted onions and diseased onions during cold storage and in shelf life tests and the percentage of sprouted onions in shelf life tests at each time of analysis. This paper presents only the test results for total storage loss and total loss and sprouted onions in shelf life tests, since they contain the most important information given by the data. keywords: harvest; loss; onions; sprouting; storage; time; total cache: afs-5704.pdf plain text: afs-5704.txt item: #218 of 872 id: afs-5705 author: Jukka Salonen, Terho Hyvönen and Heikki Jalli title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2004-04-06 words: 13273 flesch: 75 summary: Frequencies (%) of weed species by region. The diversity of weed species was described by species richness and evenness. keywords: arvensis; average; biomass; e n; fields; finland; n c; n d; n f; n l; number; production; regions; repens; species; spp; spring; table; total; weed; weed species cache: afs-5705.pdf plain text: afs-5705.txt item: #219 of 872 id: afs-5706 author: Tapani Yrjölä and Jukka Kola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-03-05 words: 7770 flesch: 58 summary: The effects of the decline in agricultural support on multi- functional characteristics of agriculture in Finland are estimated using the cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Apparently, there is a need to find new reasoning and con- tents for agricultural support, preferably based on widely approved objectives. keywords: agriculture; analysis; benefit; costs; e n; n c; n f; n l; price; production; support; welfare cache: afs-5706.pdf plain text: afs-5706.txt item: #220 of 872 id: afs-5707 author: Katri Saijonkari-Pahkala title: Agricultural and Food Scince in Finland, Vol 10 (2001) Supplement 1 date: 2002-01-14 words: 49722 flesch: 74 summary: The taxonomy of fibre plants. Anatomically, plant fibres are composed of narrow, elongated sclerenchyma cells. keywords: 1994; 1996; application; biomass; c e; canary; canary grass; content; crop; dm content; dm yield; dry; e n; effect; et al; fertilizer; fertilizer application; fescue; fibre; fibre content; grass; grass pulp; harvest; harvest timing; jokioinen; kg n; l t; leaf; material; matter; means; n c; n d; n f; n ha-1; n l; n n; n o; n rate; n t; number; paper; plant; production; pulp; pulp yield; pulping; raw; reed; reed canary; row; seed; soil; spacing; species; spring; spring harvest; stems; table; u n; wood; year; yield cache: afs-5707.pdf plain text: afs-5707.txt item: #221 of 872 id: afs-5708 author: Pekka Pihamaa and Kyösti Pietola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.11 (2002):3 –11 date: 2002-06-03 words: 5504 flesch: 69 summary: The goal of the third simulation is to get information on how animal subsidies could be used in strength- ening the supply for domestic beef and how ef- ficient they are in increasing farmer income. The performance of the subsidy programs combined with low beef prices and high forage production costs raises at least two important questions. keywords: beef; e n; n c; n d; n f; n l; price; silage; subsidy; weight cache: afs-5708.pdf plain text: afs-5708.txt item: #222 of 872 id: afs-5709 author: Kyrre Rickertsen, Geir Wæhler Gustavsen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.11 (2002):13 –24 date: 2002-06-03 words: 6583 flesch: 66 summary: If substitution is important, the effects of milk advertising are better studied in a model incorporating advertising for other close substitutes. As argued above, the consumer price is set by the government and fixed and there are no induced price effects of milk advertising. keywords: advertising; beverages; demand; milk; n c; n l; price cache: afs-5709.pdf plain text: afs-5709.txt item: #223 of 872 id: afs-5710 author: Leena Ahola, Mikko Harri, Jaakko Mononen, Teija Pyykönen and Sari Kasanen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 25–35 date: 2002-06-03 words: 6766 flesch: 70 summary: Development of the body mass (kg) in blue fox cubs in four experimental groups. 10–3) in blue fox cubs in four experimental groups. keywords: animal; behaviour; cubs; early; foxes; group; handling; n c; n l; size cache: afs-5710.pdf plain text: afs-5710.txt item: #224 of 872 id: afs-5711 author: Jari Koskiaho, Simo Kivisaari, Stephan Vermeulen, Raimo Kauppila, Kari Kallio, Markku Puustinen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.11 (2002):37 –50 date: 2002-06-03 words: 7505 flesch: 70 summary: Ab- stract: Effect of soil tillage on surface erosion and nutrient transport. According to Bengtsson et al. (1992), a great deal of spring drainage flow water in ploughed soil is melt water originating from sur- face runoff. keywords: drainage; erosion; field; flow; losses; n c; n l; npf; runoff; soil; surface; tillage cache: afs-5711.pdf plain text: afs-5711.txt item: #225 of 872 id: afs-5712 author: Ana Belén Moldes, José Manuel Cruz, José Manuel Domínguez and Juan Carlos Parajó title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.11 (2002):51 –58 date: 2002-06-03 words: 3766 flesch: 49 summary: Experimental design and statistical analysis In the alkaline stage of barley husk processing, an incomplete 33 factorial design (Box et al. 1978) was used to study the influence of tem- perature, reaction time and NaOH concentration on both the composition of the solid substrates from treatments and their susceptibility to enzy- matic hydrolysis. When low-temperature delignification was combined with either prolonged reaction times (such as in experiment 6) or high NaOH concentrations (such in experiment 10), the cellulose conver- sion increased significantly (y4 up to 86.5– 86.8%). keywords: cellulose; naoh; samples cache: afs-5712.pdf plain text: afs-5712.txt item: #226 of 872 id: afs-5713 author: Paavo Kuisma title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol.11 (2002):59 –74 date: 2002-06-03 words: 7521 flesch: 71 summary: Conclusions The study showed that in general the split appli- cation of nitrogen fertilization isn’t beneficial on potato in Finnish conditions when the recom- mended levels of fertilizer nitrogen are used. I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Vol. 11 (2002): 59–74. dle of bed on plots of nitrogen fertilization 80 kg ha–1. keywords: 1995; e n; fertilization; irrigation; n c; n f; n l; nitrogen; ns ns; planting; potato; split; yield cache: afs-5713.pdf plain text: afs-5713.txt item: #227 of 872 id: afs-5714 author: Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Ari Rajala and Susanna Muurinen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 153–161 date: 2002-07-24 words: 5303 flesch: 76 summary: Control CCC Control CCC Control CCC Control CCC Control CCC 1997: 300 1.16a 0.91b 0.68a 0.54a 0.84a 0.59b 0.57a 0.39b 0.32a 0.23b 500 0.70cd 0.78bc 0.26b 0.34b 0.25c 0.37c 0.15d 0.25c 0.12c 0.17bc 700 0.36e 0.62cd 0.12bc 0.31b 0.07d 0.26c 0.04e 0.16d 0.04d 0.13c 1998: 300 0.70a 0.74a 0.63a 0.70a 0.71a 0.72a 0.21a 0.23a 0.30a 0.33a 500 0.64a 0.68a 0.59ab 0.63a 0.57ab 0.56ab 0.17ab 0.17ab 0.26a 0.29a 700 0.56ab 0.48b 0.48bc 0.42bc 0.35bc 0.33bc 0.09b 0.10b 0.16b 0.17b CCC = chlormequat chloride 159 A G R I C CCC increased grain yield by about 200 kg ha-1compared with the control. keywords: ccc; grain; head; rate; rye; seeding; shoot; spring; table; yield cache: afs-5714.pdf plain text: afs-5714.txt item: #228 of 872 id: afs-5715 author: Arja Paasikallio, Riitta Sormunen-Cristian title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 143–152. date: 2002-07-24 words: 5416 flesch: 68 summary: On biotite soils, plant 134Cs decreased markedly with number of cuts, especially at higher soil N lev- els. The study was conducted by means of pot experiments with peat soil. keywords: 134cs; biotite; concentration; cut; fertilization; growth; plants; ryegrass; soil; uptake cache: afs-5715.pdf plain text: afs-5715.txt item: #229 of 872 id: afs-5716 author: Gordana Vitorovic, Branislava Slavata and Katarina Stosic, Verica Mladenovic, Dusko Vitorovic title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 137–141 date: 2002-07-24 words: 2957 flesch: 59 summary: The effect of clinoptilolite on 137Cs binding in broiler chickens Howard et al. (2001) reviewed the current avail- ability of countermeasures for preventing or reducing contamination of animal products by radioisotopes of iodine, caesium and stron- tium. Material and methods In the in vitro experiment, natural clinoptilolite from Zlatokop mine was used. keywords: 137cs; activity; clinoptilolite; radiocaesium cache: afs-5716.pdf plain text: afs-5716.txt item: #230 of 872 id: afs-5717 author: Sanna Tarmi, Hannu Tuuri, Juha Helenius title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 121–135 date: 2002-07-24 words: 10923 flesch: 73 summary: To test the effect of distance from the field edge on plant species richness, we divided boundaries into three classes: 1) the mean dis- tance of the quadrates from field edge 0–19 cm (n = 60), 2) distance 20–39 cm (n = 36), and 3) distance > 40 cm (n = 50). The total number of plant species identified in the boundaries was 140. keywords: agricultural; boundaries; boundary; c e; cluster; e n; elymus; field; finland; l. o; mean; n c; n d; n f; n l; o n; plant; species; u n cache: afs-5717.pdf plain text: afs-5717.txt item: #231 of 872 id: afs-5718 author: Kirsi Partanen, Hilkka Siljander-Rasi and Kaija Suomi title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 107–119 date: 2002-07-24 words: 7386 flesch: 66 summary: All of the four different acid supplements were tested in pairs against each other in order to test all six possible com- binations: 1) lactic acid + formic acid, 2) lactic acid + calcium formate, 3) lactic acid + sodium benzoate, 4) formic acid + calcium formate, 5) formic acid + sodium benzoate, and 6) calcium formate + sodium benzoate. In gener- al, dietary organic acids appear to improve the growth and feed-to-gain ratio of weaned piglets, but these responses can vary greatly depending on the type and amount of acid used, diet com- position, weaning age, and the animals’ health status (Ravindran and Kornegay 1993). keywords: acid; benzoate; calcium; diets; e n; feed; formate; formic; n c; n l; piglets; sodium; supplemented; weaning cache: afs-5718.pdf plain text: afs-5718.txt item: #232 of 872 id: afs-5719 author: Sini Perttilä , Hilkka Siljander-Rasi, Kirsi Partanen, Timo Alaviuhkola, Kaija Suomi, Jarmo Valaja title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 93–105 date: 2002-07-24 words: 8189 flesch: 74 summary: Pens were randomly allotted to seven die- tary treatments differing in the proportions of triticale cultivars and barley. Differences between treatments were tested with the following orthogonal contrasts: 1) bar- ley vs. triticale cultivars Moreno and Ulrika and 2) cv. keywords: barley; cultivars; e n; kg-1; n c; n l; pigs; triticale; ulrika cache: afs-5719.pdf plain text: afs-5719.txt item: #233 of 872 id: afs-5720 author: ChangWeon Choi, Aila Vanhatalo and Pekka Huhtanen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 79–91 date: 2002-07-24 words: 7640 flesch: 63 summary: Peptide N concentration in omasal digesta peak- ed at 1 h (diet SBM), 2 h (control and FM diets) and 3 h (diet MGM) post-feeding and declined to the pre-feeding level. Soluble protein N concentration was very low and remained relatively constant throughout the feeding cycle. keywords: barley; grass; omasal; protein; silage; snan; soluble cache: afs-5720.pdf plain text: afs-5720.txt item: #234 of 872 id: afs-5721 author: Ari Rajala and Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 233–244 date: 2002-12-10 words: 7204 flesch: 78 summary: TRIAL 6 0.84 0.46 0.12 0.73 0.30 0.12 SR, seeding rate; PGR, plant growth regulator treatment 239 PGR 120 0.06 0.56 < 0.001 CV × PGR 6 0.40 0.60 0.39 Y × CV × PGR 120 0.30 0.77 0.17 (b) LSMEANS for plant height 14 DAT, cm Barley Oat Wheat 1996 1997 1998 CONT 31.6 26.0 20.3 27.7 22.6 CCC1 29.2 *** 24.9 * 19.6 ns 26.6 ns 17.9 *** ETH1 29.0 *** 25.1 * 20.7 ns 27.1 ns 19.8 *** TE1 29.4 *** 25.0 * 19.7 ns 27.3 ns 19.9 *** Y, year; CV, cultivar; PGR, plant growth regulator treatment; DAT, days after treatment CONT, control CCC1, ETH1 and TE1 treatment at ZGS 13–14 CCC2 treatment at ZGS 31-32, ETH2 and TE2 treatment at ZGS 39–40 ns = non significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 keywords: 0.001; barley; ccc; grain; growth; head; oat; pgr; plant; tiller; weight; wheat; yield; zgs cache: afs-5721.pdf plain text: afs-5721.txt item: #235 of 872 id: afs-5722 author: Sami Myyrä and Kyösti Pietola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-12-10 words: 6152 flesch: 66 summary: Parcel size has an elastic negative effect on the shadow price, i.e. if a farm’s parcels of land become larger, the shadow price attributable to parcel size will decrease elastically. The elasticity estimates suggest that the choice of line of production responds in-elasti- cally to farm size and parcel distance, whereas likelihood of specialisation in grain cultivation increases elastically with parcel size (Table 4). keywords: e n; farms; grain; grass; land; n c; n d; n f; n l; parcel; price; production; size cache: afs-5722.pdf plain text: afs-5722.txt item: #236 of 872 id: afs-5723 author: Eugenia Jacyno, Maria Kawecka, Marian Kamyczek, Anita Kolodziej, Jacek Owsianny and Barbara Delikator title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-12-10 words: 5987 flesch: 60 summary: Se Se Se Se – Inorganic Se Number of animals 20 20 20 20 Body weight, kg – at 70 th day of life 21.3 20.8 22.5 20.6 0.33 –1.2 –0.4 NS – at 180 th day of life 108 107 120 110 0.81 –4.8** –7.8** ** Daily gain (70–180 day of life), g 734 736 836 768 6.09 –30** –66** ** Feed conversion, kg/kg 2.99 3.05 2.76 2.91 0.024 0.11* 0.21** ** Meatiness, % 59.3 58.3 58.1 58.5 0.21 –0.2 0.6 NS Selection index, pts 120 117 127 121 1.1 –4.3** –4.9** ** Statistical significance: NS non – significant, * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01 SEM – Standard error of means Interaction group × season SEM Se Se Se Se – Inorganic Se Number of animals 20 20 20 20 Volume of both testes, cm3 – at 70th day of life 17.8 17.3 16.5 12.7 0.78 –2.2 3.0 NS – at 180th day of life 577 595 564 594 16.8 24.5 8.3 NS Time mounting upon phantom, s 331 372 281 170 19.0 –39.2 128** ** Number of mounts 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.07 0.16 0.06 NS Time of ejaculation, s 155 162 205 229 4.9 16.8 –58.7** NS Ejaculate volume, cm3 104 103 105 109 1.0 1.1 –3.3 NS Motile spermatozoa, % 71.9 74.0 72.1 73.3 0.61 1.7 0.2 NS Concentration of sperma- tozoa, n × 106/cm3 175 202 191 246 12.4 41.7* –31.2 NS Total number of sperma- tozoa, n × 109 18.1 20.6 19.8 26.8 1.29 4.8* –4.2 * Spermatozoa with major defects, % 16.1 13.1 28.2 10.0 1.79 –10.4** –4.0* ** Spermatozoa with minor defects, % 14.0 9.1 18.6 13.4 1.16 –4.9** –4.2* * Spermatozoa with normal acrosome, % 71.7 74.8 85.7 85.0 1.47 1.4 –12.2** ** Osmotic resistance test-ORT, % 58.9 70.7 63.4 77.3 2.20 12.8** –5.5 ** AspAT, U/109 spermatozoa 0.112 0.068 0.157 0.083 0.010 –0.053* –0.029 * keywords: boars; inorganic; organic; season; selenium; vitamin; vitamin e cache: afs-5723.pdf plain text: afs-5723.txt item: #237 of 872 id: afs-5724 author: Leena Ahola, Jaakko Mononen, Teija Pyykönen, Maarit Mohaibes and Teppo Rekilä title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland date: 2002-12-10 words: 9155 flesch: 70 summary: On the oth- er hand, group housed foxes had a better growth rate and were more active. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different social and spatial conditions on the welfare of silver fox cubs. keywords: animal; cage; cubs; foxes; group; housing; n s; space cache: afs-5724.pdf plain text: afs-5724.txt item: #238 of 872 id: afs-5725 author: Marita Ruusunen, Markku Niemistö, Eero Puolanne title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 199-207 date: 2002-12-10 words: 5261 flesch: 71 summary: Thus, the effects of replacing sodium phosphate with potassium phosphate on sodium content and properties of low-salt cooked bologna-type sausage and cooked ham were studied. In addition to salt (NaCl), sodium phosphate also increases the sodium content of meat products. keywords: content; ham; hams; meat; nacl; phosphate; salt; sausage; sodium cache: afs-5725.pdf plain text: afs-5725.txt item: #239 of 872 id: afs-5726 author: Kirsti Pääkkönen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 209–218 date: 2002-12-10 words: 4851 flesch: 66 summary: Pack- aging and storage effects on microbiological quality of dried herbs. The capacity of dried foods to absorb water var- ies with different drying treatments (Schalde et al. 1983). keywords: air; colour; drum; dryer; drying; infrared; n c; n l; product; temperature cache: afs-5726.pdf plain text: afs-5726.txt item: #240 of 872 id: afs-5727 author: Birger Volden, Tore E. Sveistrup, Marit Jørgensen, Trond K. Haraldsen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 219–231 date: 2002-12-10 words: 7047 flesch: 73 summary: Soil compaction and drainage systems of peat soils in northern Norway. Soil depth, cm Treatment code Total porosity, m3 m–3 Air-filled porosity, m3 m–3 Sandy soils Peat soils Sandy soils Peat soils 1–5 NT 0.475 0.800 0.187 0.136 1–5 LTFH 0.470 0.811 0.189 0.082 1–5 MTFH 0.459 0.748 0.155 0.093 1–5 LTRB 0.463 0.803 0.170 0.099 1–5 MTRB 0.475 0.798 0.146 0.075 LSD0.05 ns ns ns 0.041 10–14 NT 0.447 0.796 0.177 0.101 keywords: ha–1; n c; n l; peat; soils; tractor; traffic; yield cache: afs-5727.pdf plain text: afs-5727.txt item: #241 of 872 id: afs-5728 author: Miguel Marin, Manuel Ybarra, Ana Fé and Lorenzo García-Férriz title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 245–251 date: 2002-12-10 words: 4171 flesch: 63 summary: The effect of the insecticides, isofenphos, phoxim and oxamyl on mycorrhizal plants has not been studied before. Mycorrhizal plants in- oculated with AMF-i and with G. mosseae shown similar R : S ratio and percentage root colonisa- tion. keywords: cardoon; fungi; fungicides; mycorrhizal; pesticides; plants cache: afs-5728.pdf plain text: afs-5728.txt item: #242 of 872 id: afs-5729 author: Into Saarela title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 257–271 date: 2002-12-20 words: 10243 flesch: 65 summary: Subsequent targets were the chemical fractions of soil P and the sorption of phosphate in relation to the contents of extractable Al and Fe in soils (Salonen 1941) and the amount and characteris- tics of the organic forms of soil P (Kaila 1948). n Total P, mg kg–1 Chemical fractions of soil P, mg kg–1 (mean) keywords: acetate; acid; e n; finland; finnish; kaila; method; mineral; n c; n d; n f; n l; organic; peat; phosphorus; saarela; soils; values cache: afs-5729.pdf plain text: afs-5729.txt item: #243 of 872 id: afs-5730 author: Ritva Mäkelä-Kurtto and Jouko Sippola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 273–284 date: 2002-12-20 words: 7134 flesch: 72 summary: In 1998, soil Cd was at the same level as it had been in 1987 (Table 1). Cadmium depositions, like soil Cd, decreased northwards. keywords: 1999; fertilisers; finland; finnish; ha–1; monitoring; n c; n l; soil cache: afs-5730.pdf plain text: afs-5730.txt item: #244 of 872 id: afs-5731 author: Väinö Mäntylahti and Pirkko Laakso title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 285–300 date: 2002-12-20 words: 10321 flesch: 76 summary: Details and origin of soil samples taken from farms in South Savo province, Finland, in 2000. The number of soil samples falling below the limit of quantification (< LOQ) and equal to the limit of quantification (= LOQ) for arsenic and heavy metals. keywords: arsenic; concentrations; e n; kg–1; mineral; n c; n l; results; samples; soil; values cache: afs-5731.pdf plain text: afs-5731.txt item: #245 of 872 id: afs-5732 author: Raina Niskanen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 301–310 date: 2002-12-20 words: 5491 flesch: 69 summary: High soil P values were found in a part of currant fields. 2. Leaf versus soil Mg in black and red currant fields in 1982–1991 (significance: *** P = 0.001, * keywords: analysis; black; currant; fields; leaf; niskanen; nutrient; red; samples; soil; values; white cache: afs-5732.pdf plain text: afs-5732.txt item: #246 of 872 id: afs-5733 author: Mauritz Vestberg, Sanna Kukkonen, Kaisa Saari, Marjatta Uosukainen, Ansa Palojärvi, Tuomo Tuovinen, Milja Vepsäläinen and Maarit Niemi title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 311–328 date: 2002-12-20 words: 10721 flesch: 69 summary: Key words: liming, soil property, soil quality indicator, soil resilience A number of biological soil properties have been reported to respond to changes in agricul- tural practices, thus having a potential to be used as specific indicators of soil quality. © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received March 2002 Cropping system impact on soil quality determinants Mauritz Vestberg, Sanna Kukkonen, Kaisa Saari, Marjatta Uosukainen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Laukaa Research and Elite Plant Station, Antinniementie 1, FIN-41330 Vihtavuori, Finland, e-mail: mauritz.vestberg@mtt.fi Ansa Palojärvi MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Environmental Research, Soils and Environment, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Tuomo Tuovinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Plant Protection, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Milja Vepsäläinen and Maarit Niemi Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland Worldwide interest in soil quality evaluation has increased rapidly throughout the past decade, prompt- ing us to evaluate the long-term impact of four cropping systems on several biological, chemical and physical determinants of soil quality. keywords: barley; c e; e n; n c; n d; n f; n l; plots; quality; rotation; soil cache: afs-5733.pdf plain text: afs-5733.txt item: #247 of 872 id: afs-5734 author: Risto Uusitalo and Håkan Jansson title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 343–353 date: 2002-12-30 words: 6671 flesch: 65 summary: Concentration of dissolved reactive P (DRP) in sur- face runoff at the L. Rehtijärvi catchment as a function of soil test P concentration (AAAc-P) in phough-layer (n = 18). Concentration of dissolved reactive P (DRP) in sub- surface drainage water at the L. Rehtijärvi catchment as a function of soil test P concentration (AAAc-P) in phough- layer (n = 36). keywords: aaac; catchment; concentration; drp; l–1; n c; n l; phosphorus; rehtijärvi; runoff; soil; water cache: afs-5734.pdf plain text: afs-5734.txt item: #248 of 872 id: afs-57343 author: None title: afs-57343 date: 2016-11-24 words: 9678 flesch: 70 summary: Apple cultivars included in the study with their breed, characteristics and DD5, the requirement for cumulative base temperature over 5°C during growing season (Tahvonen 2007, Krannila and Paalo 2008) Seasonal category Cultivar DD5 Parentage Origin of cultivar Available in Finland since Maturation in storage Storage life/ weeks Summer Pirja 972 Apple cultivars over three harvest years visualised with principal component analysis, with the first and second components. keywords: 2010; apple; attributes; cultivars; et al; flavour; harvest; lobo; red; season; seppä; year cache: afs-57343.pdf plain text: afs-57343.txt item: #249 of 872 id: afs-5735 author: Jaana Uusi-Kämppä title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 355–369 date: 2002-12-20 words: 8635 flesch: 77 summary: I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Uusi-Kämppä, J. N and P losses from a feedlot for suckler cows keen interest in aspects of animal welfare, in- cluding pastoral production systems or outdoor exercise for cattle. I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Uusi-Kämppä, J. N and P losses from a feedlot for suckler cows each autumn in the period 1997–1999. keywords: e n; feedlot; l–1; n c; n f; n l; nh4; nitrogen; no3; pens; soil; water cache: afs-5735.pdf plain text: afs-5735.txt item: #250 of 872 id: afs-5736 author: Tommi Peltovuori title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 371–379 date: 2002-12-20 words: 4875 flesch: 59 summary: Due to the shallow layer of interaction be- tween surface runoff and soil, sampling of only the top few centimeters is often recommended for environmental soil P analyses (Sharpley et al. 1978, Gartley and Sims 1994, Turtola and Yli- Halla 1999). Despite the importance of sampling as part of soil P management, few studies have dealt with possible errors induced by improper sampling or bulking of original sam- ples to composite samples. keywords: horizon; n c; n l; phosphorus; results; samples; soil; surface cache: afs-5736.pdf plain text: afs-5736.txt item: #251 of 872 id: afs-5737 author: Ansa Palojärvi and Visa Nuutinen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 329–342 date: 2002-12-20 words: 8775 flesch: 57 summary: Soil quality concept The need for a methodology for characterisation of soil quality is being increasingly recognised. Title Soil as a functional unit Global and local problems in agricultural soils Soil quality concept Soil quality indicators Chemical and physical properties Biological soil quality indicators Minimum data set Soil quality follow-up in different scales Soil quality follow-up in Finland Future perspectives keywords: 2001; 2002; assessment; concept; doran; e n; earthworms; indicators; management; n c; n d; n f; n l; properties; quality; soil; soil quality; use cache: afs-5737.pdf plain text: afs-5737.txt item: #252 of 872 id: afs-5738 author: Ari Talkkari, Lauri Jauhiainen and Markku Yli-Halla title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 11 (2002): 381–390 date: 2002-12-20 words: 4848 flesch: 64 summary: Key words: clay soils, geostatistics, kriging, sampling, soil types, spatial variation Introduction In precision farming fertilizers are applied to meet the needs of the crop and, on the other hand, to avoid excessive applications with the associ- ated environmental implications. Geostatistical analysis has become a widely used for predicting and mapping the spatial var- iation of soil properties provided that there is a large number of soil samples. keywords: clay; content; model; n c; n l; soil; spherical; variation cache: afs-5738.pdf plain text: afs-5738.txt item: #253 of 872 id: afs-5739 author: Stane Kavcic, Emil Erjavec, George Mergos and Chrisostomos Stoforos title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 3–19. date: 2003-06-02 words: 10154 flesch: 59 summary: Agricultural policy analysis model for Slovenian agri- culture. In the liter- ature, multi-commodity partial equilibrium econometric models are still the basic tool for agricultural policy analyses (Tongeren et al. 2000). keywords: accession; agricultural; e n; european; model; n c; n d; n f; n l; policy; price; production; scenario; slovenia cache: afs-5739.pdf plain text: afs-5739.txt item: #254 of 872 id: afs-5740 author: Perttu Virkajärvi, Auvo Sairanen, Jouni I. Nousiainen, Hannele Khalili title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 21–34. date: 2003-06-02 words: 9185 flesch: 73 summary: TE = early turnout, TN = normal turnout. Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 SEM P value TE TN TE TN TE TN Period Turnout Period × Turnout Pre-grazing Sward height (cm) 28.7 43.0 28.5 31.8 24.6 29.8 (1.6) (2.5) (1.2) (1.0) (1.1) (1.3) HM (kg ha–1) 1680 3100 1760 1990 1420 1880 (145) (238) (96) (65) (84) (105) Bulk density (kg DM m–3) 0.68 0.84 0.76 0.77 0.72 0.76 (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.04) keywords: date; early; grazing; n c; n l; period; production; tillers; trial; turnout cache: afs-5740.pdf plain text: afs-5740.txt item: #255 of 872 id: afs-5741 author: None title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 49–56. date: 2003-06-03 words: 5173 flesch: 71 summary: Correlation coefficients were calculated to test whether the length of fertile shoots was related to the number of midge infested internodes. Reed canary grass and effects of gall midge infestation The measured dry matter yields include not only reed canary grass but also weeds harvested at the same time. keywords: crop; field; infested; internodes; midge; shoots cache: afs-5741.pdf plain text: afs-5741.txt item: #256 of 872 id: afs-57413 author: None title: afs-57413 date: 2016-11-25 words: 9185 flesch: 64 summary: I E N C E K. Jankowski et al. (2016) 25: 164–176 164 Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds in response to foliar application of boron Krzysztof J. Jankowski1, Mateusz Sokólski1, Bogdan Dubis1, Sławomir Krzebietke2, Piotr Żarczyński2, Paweł Hulanicki1, Piotr S. Hulanicki3, 1Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Production Management and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland 2Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland 3Kazgod Ltd, Wierzbowa 7, 05-870 Błonie, Poland email: krzysztof.jankowski@uwm.edu.pl This paper presents the results of a 3-year field experiment conducted on soil with moderate levels of boron (B) in north-eastern Poland to determine the influence of foliar application of B (0, 150 and 300 g ha-1) on the yield components, yield, mineral composition, nutritional value and feed value of winter oilseed rape seeds. The observed increase in the yield of winter oilseed rape seeds in response to foliar application of B can be attributed to this micronutrient’s positive influence on seed production in siliques. keywords: application; content; et al; fertilization; foliar; ha-1; oilseed; oilseed rape; rape; seeds; winter; winter oilseed; yield cache: afs-57413.pdf plain text: afs-57413.txt item: #257 of 872 id: afs-5742 author: Kirsi Partanen, Timo Alaviuhkola, Hilkka Siljander-Rasi and Kaija Suomi title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 35–47. date: 2003-06-04 words: 8171 flesch: 69 summary: However, there is a scarcity of information concerning the effects of faba bean diets on meat quality. Faba bean diets also resulted in lower EEL re- flectomer values compared to those of the con- trol diet, indicating that meat became darker. keywords: barley; bean; bean meal; colour; diets; faba; faba beans; feed; meal; meat; n c; n l; pigs; rapeseed; rapeseed meal; soya cache: afs-5742.pdf plain text: afs-5742.txt item: #258 of 872 id: afs-5743 author: Jaakko Heikkilä ja Jukka Peltola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 67–81 date: 2003-11-25 words: 9079 flesch: 64 summary: Given that so far we do not have data for reactive control costs in Finland, it is comforting to observe that it is not a critical variable here. First, there are changes in producer surplus due to price changes, pest control costs and the value of lost production, caused by control not being perfect- ly effective and/or interim damage occurring before control is applied. keywords: c e; case; control; costs; damage; e n; invasion; magnitude; n c; n d; n f; n l; price; protection; strategy cache: afs-5743.pdf plain text: afs-5743.txt item: #259 of 872 id: afs-5744 author: Susanna Tauriainen, Satu Sankari, Satu Pyörälä ja Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 83–93 date: 2003-11-25 words: 5802 flesch: 67 summary: Effect of anionic salts on dry cows charged cations Effect of anionic salts on dry cows measured body temperature for each cow accord- ing to the manufacturer instructions. keywords: cows; dcab; e n; n c; n d; n f; n l; oedema; udder cache: afs-5744.pdf plain text: afs-5744.txt item: #260 of 872 id: afs-5745 author: Terhi Suojala title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 95–105 date: 2003-11-25 words: 6096 flesch: 74 summary: i d cultivars have been bred which have higher plants, larger leaves and higher yield than open- pollinated cultivars (Tatlioglu and Wricke 1980). Otherwise, the double nitrogen dose increased yield in all harvests in the second and third years, and NPK fertiliser produced higher yield than nitrogen alone in the fourth harvest in 2001 and in the third and fourth harvests in 2002. keywords: e n; l t; n l; yield cache: afs-5745.pdf plain text: afs-5745.txt item: #261 of 872 id: afs-5746 author: Abbas Aflatuni, Jouko Uusitalo, Sari Ek ja Anja Hohtola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 107–115 date: 2003-11-25 words: 4868 flesch: 74 summary: Therefore, we conclude that a higher peppermint and Sachalin mint yield is achieved by increasing soil pH to values above 6.0 in the fine sand soil of Northern Finland. The effect of five liming (10% Mg and 19% Ca) levels, 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 tons ha-1, on the herb and essential oil yield and menthol and menthone content of two mint species (peppermint, Mentha x piperita, a variety of Black Mitcham and Sachalin mint, Mentha arvensis var. sacchalinensis) cultivated in fine sand soil in Northern Fin- land (64°40’N and 25°05’E) was studied during 1998–2000. keywords: e n; liming; mint; n c; n l; soil cache: afs-5746.pdf plain text: afs-5746.txt item: #262 of 872 id: afs-5747 author: Into Saarela, Aulis Järvi, Heikki Hakkola ja Kalle Rinne title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 117–132 date: 2003-11-25 words: 10164 flesch: 68 summary: Results and discussion Total and acid-extractable P Total concentrations of soil P at the start of the experiment (Table 3) agreed well with the earli- er results for Finnish soils (Kaila 1963), as the somewhat higher minimum and mean values re- flect the continuous accumulation of fertiliser P over the intervening years. Over the years, the availability of soil P has gradually improved as a result of balance sur- pluses, and note needs to be taken of this so that heavy P applications are not continued for an unnecessarily long time. keywords: e n; finland; finnish; mineral; n c; n f; n l; n.d; phosphorus; saarela; soils; values cache: afs-5747.pdf plain text: afs-5747.txt item: #263 of 872 id: afs-5748 author: Petri Vanhala, Liisa Pietola title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 133–145 date: 2003-11-25 words: 6741 flesch: 72 summary: – – – X X – X X X X Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill X X X X X – X X – – Myosurus minimus L. – – – – – X – – – – Polygonum aviculare L. X X X – X X X X X X Polygonum convolvulus L. X X – – X X X X X X Polygonum lapathifolium L. – – – – – X – X X X Polygonum persicaria L – – – – – X – X X X Senecio vulgaris L. – X – – – – X – – – Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers X X X X X X X X X X Thlaspi arvense L. X X X X X X X X X X Trifolium L. spp. No peat applied Peat applied MP SC 1 SC 2 DC 1 DC 2 MP SC 1 SC 2 DC 1 DC 2 Chenopodium album L. X X X X X X X X X X Fumaria officinalis L. X X X X X X X X X X Galium spurium L. X X X X X X X X X X Lamium purpureum L. X X X X X X X X X X Stellaria media (L.) Vill./Cyr. keywords: cultivation; n c; n f; n l; peat; soil; tillage; weed cache: afs-5748.pdf plain text: afs-5748.txt item: #264 of 872 id: afs-5749 author: Mia Sahramaa, Helena Ihamäki, Lauri Jauhiainen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 213–225 date: 2004-05-03 words: 7292 flesch: 68 summary: Specification Factor High biomass yield Leaf-shoot relationship Fast development Explains of total variance (%) 21.0 14.3 10.0 Variable factor loading Biomass yield (kg DM ha-1) +0.49 Panicle number (m-2) +0.50 Shoot number (per stem) –0.58 +0.45 Node number (per stem) +0.43 Plant height (cm) +0.41 Leaf area index (per surface) –0.48 –0.48 Seed ripening (days of degree) –0.69 Overwintering (%) +0.54 Straw fraction (%) +0.59 Leaf and leaf sheath fraction (%) –0.76 Shoot fraction (%) –0.74 +0.44 Node fraction (%) +0.54 termed “high biomass yield”, “leaf-shoot rela- tionship” and “fast development” and they ac- counted 45% of the variance. These variables indicated their negative relationship to high biomass yield. keywords: biomass; breeding; e n; finland; fraction; grass; lai; leaf; n c; n f; n l; number; plant; yield cache: afs-5749.pdf plain text: afs-5749.txt item: #265 of 872 id: afs-5750 author: Hannu Känkänen, Christian Eriksson, Mauri Räkköläinen, Martti Vuorinen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 165–176 date: 2004-05-03 words: 7756 flesch: 70 summary: In addition, soil N analyses in four last years with increased sampling dates showed, that the amount of nitrate N was often largest in spring. Statistical methods Soil nitrate N concentration was analysed using a mixed model: keywords: clover; content; crop; effect; ha-1; leaching; no3; pälkäne; red; ryegrass; soil; undersowing cache: afs-5750.pdf plain text: afs-5750.txt item: #266 of 872 id: afs-5751 author: Mia Sahramaa title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 227–241 date: 2004-05-03 words: 11664 flesch: 75 summary: A few populations had both high seed pro- duction and high non-food indices. Populations with high seed production index and high forage in- dex were local populations RH13 (Lemu), RH27 (Tammela), RH47 (Jalasjärvi) and RH87 (Vöyri), breeding line Jo0510 and cultivars Motterwitzer and Pervenets. keywords: breeding; food; n f; non; populations; production; r h; seed; yield cache: afs-5751.pdf plain text: afs-5751.txt item: #267 of 872 id: afs-5752 author: Timo Mela title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 195–212 date: 2004-05-03 words: 10132 flesch: 76 summary: Red clover content in the Maaninka experiment was at its peak of 50 to 80% at autumn harvest of regrowth in the first year and decreased by 20% in the second year. Red clover contents by sward density and degree of N-fertilization were as follows: 12.5cm/25.0cm (0N) 59a/51b, (30) 54a/ 47a, (60) 46a/40a, (90) 43a/37a. keywords: c e; clover; content; cut; e n; fertilization; finland; grass; jokioinen; mela; n c; n d; n f; n l; r =; regrowth; sward cache: afs-5752.pdf plain text: afs-5752.txt item: #268 of 872 id: afs-5753 author: Ellen Huan-Niemi title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 147–154 date: 2004-05-03 words: 4926 flesch: 62 summary: The linear reduction formulas of the Uruguay Round and Harbinson proposal are applied directly to the specific tar- iff rate for EU raw sugar in 2004/2005. Howev- er, the specific tariff rate for EU raw sugar is converted into ad-valorem equivalent for further tariff reduction under the Swiss formula. keywords: euro; price; reduction; round; sugar; tariff; world; wto cache: afs-5753.pdf plain text: afs-5753.txt item: #269 of 872 id: afs-5754 author: Asko Simojoki, Tailin Xue, Kaarina Lukkari, Arja Pennanen and Helinä Hartikainen title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 155–164 date: 2004-05-03 words: 5824 flesch: 62 summary: The second component accounted for the in- crease in plant Se content accompanied by thick- ening and shortening of lateral and basal roots, 160 A before the analysis, whereas the rest, as well as the shoots, were weighed fresh, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at –70˚C for the later analysis of dry mat- ter and Se content. keywords: content; growth; lettuce; plant; roots; selenium cache: afs-5754.pdf plain text: afs-5754.txt item: #270 of 872 id: afs-5755 author: Perttu Virkajärvi title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, Vol. 12 (2003): 177–193 date: 2004-05-03 words: 9966 flesch: 71 summary: I E N C E I N F I N L A N D Vol. 12 (2003): 177–193. Effects of defoliation height on regrowth of timothy and meadow fescue in the generative and vegetative phases of growth Perttu Virkajärvi MTT Agrifood Research Finland, North Savo Research Station, FIN-71750 Maaninka, Finland, e-mail: perttu.virkajarvi@mtt.fi Post-defoliation carbohydrate stores, leaf area and the number of active meristems are important factors affecting the subsequent regrowth of grasses. Defoliation height affects the magnitude of all these factors. keywords: 2001; defoliation; defoliation height; fescue; height; june; meadow; n c; n f; n l; regrowth; tillers; timothy cache: afs-5755.pdf plain text: afs-5755.txt item: #271 of 872 id: afs-5757 author: Philip D. Hollins, Peter S. Kettlewell, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Mark D. Atkinson title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 295–308. date: 2004-11-12 words: 6655 flesch: 59 summary: I E N C E Hollins, P.D. et al. Relationships between climate and winter cereal grain quality westerly airflow from the Atlantic. I E N C E Hollins, P.D. et al. Relationships between climate and winter cereal grain quality vestigate the possible relationships between the annual mean hectolitre weights of rye and win- keywords: cereal; data; finland; grain; growth; hectolitre; mean; n c; national; quality; rye; weight; wheat; winter cache: afs-5757.pdf plain text: afs-5757.txt item: #272 of 872 id: afs-5758 author: Antti Miettinen, Heikki Lehtonen, Reija Hietala-Koivu title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 229–246. date: 2004-11-10 words: 9963 flesch: 59 summary: Diversity of agricultural land use is measured by Shan- non’s diversity index. This will decrease the diversity of agricultural land use at landscape level, but may not be harmful at species level since green fallow has some positive effects, especially on the densities and abundance of farmland birds. keywords: 2000; 2004; agenda; agriculture; area; c e; cap; diversity; e n; effects; finland; level; model; n c; policy; production; reform; scenario; sector; support; use cache: afs-5758.pdf plain text: afs-5758.txt item: #273 of 872 id: afs-5759 author: Hannele Khalili, Marketta Rinne, Pentti Aspila, Ilmo Aronen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 247–255. date: 2004-11-11 words: 4256 flesch: 70 summary: The aim of the research was to study whether the anticipated added weight gain from ad libitum acidified milk feeding compared to restricted milk feeding during the preweaning period can be main- tained after weaning until slaughter. Key words: calves, bulls, milk feeding, growth, feed intake, performance 248 keywords: average; calves; feeding; group; intake; milk; phase cache: afs-5759.pdf plain text: afs-5759.txt item: #274 of 872 id: afs-5760 author: Ulvi Moor, Kadri Karp and Priit Põldma title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 256–267. date: 2004-11-12 words: 6525 flesch: 68 summary: The aim of the present research was to study the influence of mulch (plastic and straw), fertilization and the age of plants (two, three and four years) on the quality of strawberry fruits. The aim of the present research was to find out whether it is possible to avoid a considera- ble decrease in fruit size by injecting fertilizers under the plastic mulch in a four-year-old plan- tation, and to study the influence of different mulches, fertilization, and plantation age on sev- eral quality characteristics of strawberry fruits. keywords: average; content; effect; fertilization; fruits; mulch; plantation; plastic; strawberry; vitamin cache: afs-5760.pdf plain text: afs-5760.txt item: #275 of 872 id: afs-5761 author: Alhaji Jeng, Trond Knapp Haraldsen, Nils Vagstad, Arne Grønlund, Steinar Tveitnes title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 268–275. date: 2004-11-11 words: 4605 flesch: 65 summary: Application of N 100 kg ha-1 gave N-uptake between N 66 and 75 kg ha-1, and there was no significant differ- ence between the N sources mineral N fertilizer, MBM, or mixture with equal amount of total N from mineral N fertilizer and MBM (Table 5). Calculated RNUE was as high as 91% for treatment C. For Treatment G (N 100 kg N ha-1, equal amounts of total N from MBM and mineral N), NUE was somewhat lower than for Treatment C. RNUE for Treat- ment G was calculated to be 81%, i.e. lower than for MBM alone as N supplier. keywords: experiment; fertilizer; ha-1; mbm; mineral; soil; treatments cache: afs-5761.pdf plain text: afs-5761.txt item: #276 of 872 id: afs-5762 author: Into Saarela, Aulis Järvi, Heikki Hakkola, Kalle Rinne title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 276–294. date: 2004-11-11 words: 11197 flesch: 66 summary: The higher percentages of applied P previously recovered by Barkoff (1959) in the chemical fractionation of soil P may be explained at least in part by the infrequent tillage operations, as typical for the old ley-dom- inated crop rotation. On the other hand, changing the factors that control the balances between the dif- ferent forms of soil P can affect the content of extractable P even without any net change in the total pool. keywords: balance; c e; et al; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; initial; n c; pac; phosphorus; saarela; saarela et; soil; status; topsoil; values cache: afs-5762.pdf plain text: afs-5762.txt item: #277 of 872 id: afs-5763 author: Eeva Kuusela title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 309–325. date: 2004-11-12 words: 9354 flesch: 68 summary: White clover mixtures contained relatively high proportions of clover in the sward, but by the end of the experiment, the amount of clover in all clover mixtures decreased. In this experiment, CP content and the proportion of clover were highest for white clover mixtures. keywords: c e; clover; content; e n; grass; grazing; herbage; mixtures; n c; post; pre; production; proportion; seed; sward cache: afs-5763.pdf plain text: afs-5763.txt item: #278 of 872 id: afs-5764 author: Leo Mustonen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 390–398 date: 2005-03-21 words: 6226 flesch: 67 summary: Application of high rates of nitrogen fertilizer increases crop cover de- velopment, but may cause excessive growth of the foliage at the expense of tuber yield, resulting in low harvest index, low dry matter content and high nitrate content. Accumulated day-degrees as a measure of physiological age and the relationships with growth and yield in early potato cultivars. keywords: 1997; content; cultivar; dry; early; harvest; nitrate; nitrogen; potato; tubers; yield cache: afs-5764.pdf plain text: afs-5764.txt item: #279 of 872 id: afs-5765 author: Ari Lehtinen and Asko Hannukkala title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 399–410 date: 2005-03-21 words: 7223 flesch: 69 summary: Formation of oospores in the fi eld A prerequisite of oospore-derived infections is the formation of oospores in potato fi elds. Prerequisites for oospore-derived infections Prerequisites for oospore-derived infections are that oospores be formed in potato fi elds and that they survive until the next growing season in the soil under natural weather conditions. keywords: blight; epidemics; finland; foci; infestans; late; mating; oospores; phytophthora; potato; samples; soil; type cache: afs-5765.pdf plain text: afs-5765.txt item: #280 of 872 id: afs-5766 author: Terhi Vahlsten, Esa A. Mäntysaari and Ismo Strandén title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 338–347 date: 2005-03-21 words: 5598 flesch: 67 summary: However, especially the coeffi cients of relationship of Ayrshire bulls are high in some age classes and this may lead into faster increase in coeffi cients of inbreeding. Genetic contribu- tions of Finnish Ayrshire bulls over four generations. keywords: average; ayrshire; bulls; cient; coeffi; coeffi cient; cows; finnish; friesian; generation; holstein; inbreeding; increase; relationship cache: afs-5766.pdf plain text: afs-5766.txt item: #281 of 872 id: afs-5767 author: Merja Manninen, Kirsi Saarijärvi, Harri Huhta, Lauri Jauhiainen, Pentti Aspila title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 348–362 date: 2005-03-21 words: 9999 flesch: 70 summary: Suckler cow feeding strategies. Indoor feeding of beef cows is usually based on inexpensive, low-energy feeds such as straw, treated straw (Mann et al. 1988, Fike et al. 1995, Manninen et al. 2000) or straw with protein or en- ergy supplements (Alawa et al. 1986, Alawa et al. 1987, Alawa et al. 1988, Beck et al. 1992). keywords: c e; calving; cows; days; diet; energy; exp1; exp2; experiment; feeding; grazing; manninen; milk; performance; period; production; silage; strategy; straw; suckler cache: afs-5767.pdf plain text: afs-5767.txt item: #282 of 872 id: afs-5768 author: Lena Slånberg, Lars D. Hylander title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 378–389 date: 2005-03-21 words: 9677 flesch: 71 summary: A basic system of soil classifi cation for making and interpreting soil sur- veys. Key words: nutrient leakage, phosphorus sorption, soil classifi cation, Soil Taxonomy, World Reference Base for Soil Resources Introduction The European Parliament decided in 2002 to give soil quality the same status as water and air in or- der to protect the soils from further degradation and to safeguard the fertility and agronomic value of agricultural land (Commission of the European Communities 2002, p. 8). keywords: 1999; agricultural; bjärröd; cation; classifi; horizon; soil; spodic; sweden; swedish; taxonomy cache: afs-5768.pdf plain text: afs-5768.txt item: #283 of 872 id: afs-5769 author: Minna J. Koivula, Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen, Liisa Vanne, Seija Levo, Aarne Pehkonen, Anna-Maija Sjöberg title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 327–337 date: 2005-03-21 words: 6789 flesch: 70 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received March 2004 Microbial quality of linseed and fi bre hemp plants during growing and harvest seasons Minna J. Koivula, Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen Department of Agrotechnology, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: minna.koivula@helsinki.fi Liisa Vanne VTT Biotechnology, PO Box 1500, FI-02044 VTT, Finland Seija Levo Orion Diagnostica, PO Box 83, FI-02101 Espoo, Finland Aarne Pehkonen, Anna-Maija Sjöberg Department of Agrotechnology, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and fi bre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) can be used as raw materials in various applications. Microbial quality of linseed and fi bre hemp plants Microbiological sampling of the plants The microbiological samples were taken 2–4 times a month during the growing seasons. keywords: 2001; bre; hemp; linseed; plants; quality; season cache: afs-5769.pdf plain text: afs-5769.txt item: #284 of 872 id: afs-5770 author: Rui Ma and Seppo Pulli title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 363–377 date: 2005-03-21 words: 8395 flesch: 59 summary: Effects of ecotypes, genotypes and different auxins on somatic embryogenesis (embryogenic calli per 100 em- bryos) in rye embryo culture. I E N C E Ma, R. & Pulli, S. Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration ability of rye Table 4. Effects of ecotypes, genotypes, sugars and gel agents on somatic embryogenesis (embryogenic calli per 100 em- bryos) in rye embryo culture. keywords: culture; embryogenesis; embryogenic; embryos; genotypes; immature; infl; medium; plant; plant regeneration; regeneration; rye; somatic; tissue cache: afs-5770.pdf plain text: afs-5770.txt item: #285 of 872 id: afs-5771 author: Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Markku Kontturi, Ari Rajala, Anna-Maija Kirkkari title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 18–28 date: 2004-06-18 words: 5937 flesch: 67 summary: Impact dehulling oat grain to improve quality of on-farm produced feed 1. Impact dehulling proved to be a potentially useful method to increase ener- gy content of oat grains on-farm. keywords: content; dehulling; energy; grain; groat; hulls; impact; moisture; oat; rotation; yield cache: afs-5771.pdf plain text: afs-5771.txt item: #286 of 872 id: afs-5772 author: Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Pekka Lehtinen, Markku Kontturi, Ari Rajala, Anna-Maija Kirkkari title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 29–38 date: 2004-06-17 words: 5226 flesch: 67 summary: Proportions of unbroken groats and broken groats and groat particles were analysed from fully dehulled groat mass as in Experi- ment 1. Storability of dehulled oat groats (Experiment 3) Groat yield from Experiment 1 was stored in sealed boxes at 10, 20 and 30˚C for five months. A laboratory model of an impact oat dehuller, similar to a commercial device, was used to study the effects of rotation speed and grain moisture content on groat breakage and the storage life of oat groats. keywords: breakage; content; dehulling; grain; groat; impact; peltonen; rotation; sainio; speed; storage cache: afs-5772.pdf plain text: afs-5772.txt item: #287 of 872 id: afs-5773 author: Riitta Kempe, Markku Saastamoinen, Seppo Hyyppä, Kurt Smeds title: Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 13 (2004): 5–17 date: 2004-06-16 words: 8384 flesch: 68 summary: Faecal wet weights for dogs fed barley, wheat or corn diets were approximately 17% higher than the average faecal wet weights of dogs consum- ing the basal or oat groats diets, and 31% higher when compared with the rice diet. Using dry food where oat groats is the main cereal component, may also promote con- tinual recovery (in addition of post-exercise sup- plements) of protein and glycogen stores after exercise due to an enhanced glucose and insulin responses of oat groats diet. Acknowledgements. keywords: barley; basal; cereals; content; corn; crude; diet; digestibility; dogs; dry; energy; fat; fibre; groats; nutrient; oat; oat groats; protein; rice; wheat cache: afs-5773.pdf plain text: afs-5773.txt item: #288 of 872 id: afs-5774 author: Jussi Loponen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 39–45 date: 2004-06-22 words: 3690 flesch: 62 summary: I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides purified from bovine skin gelatin hydrolysate. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides in Finnish cereals: a database survey Jussi Loponen Department of Food Technology, PO Box 66, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: jussi.loponen@helsinki.fi Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) regulates blood pressure (BP) by hydrolytic actions. keywords: ace; angiotensin; cereal; converting; enzyme; et al; peptides; proteins; wheat cache: afs-5774.pdf plain text: afs-5774.txt item: #289 of 872 id: afs-5775 author: Merja Eurola, Veli Hietaniemi, Markku Kontturi, Hannu Tuuri, Arjo Kangas, Markku Niskanen, Marketta Saastamoinen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 46–53 date: 2004-06-17 words: 4332 flesch: 67 summary: Results and discussion The mean Se contents of oats in official variety trials were 0.110, 0.120 and 0.160 The mean Se contents of oats are cur- rently very near the original Se supplementation target value for cereal grains, about 0.1 mg kg-1. keywords: contents; cultivars; cultivation; finland; kg-1; oats; selenium; soils; trials cache: afs-5775.pdf plain text: afs-5775.txt item: #290 of 872 id: afs-5776 author: Marketta Saastamoinen, Veli Hietaniemi, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Merja Eurola, Markku Kontturi, Hannu Tuuri, Markku Niskanen, Arjo Kangas title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 68–79 date: 2004-06-22 words: 7302 flesch: 72 summary: Glucan contents of oat cultivars were dependent on year and location. The objective here was to study the β-glucan contents of oat cultivars cultivated in Finland with conventional and organic cultivation meth- ods. keywords: contents; cultivars; cultivation; fertilization; glucan; oat; oats; table; trials; variety; year cache: afs-5776.pdf plain text: afs-5776.txt item: #291 of 872 id: afs-5777 author: Heli Anttila, Tuula Sontag-Strohm and Hannu Salovaara title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 80–87 date: 2004-06-22 words: 4857 flesch: 66 summary: compared the phys- iological effects of oat bran baked in bread and cookies with oat bran in a drink. The authors concluded that beta-glu- can included as oat bran in bread and cookies may lead to lack physiological effects (Kerck- hoffs et al. 2003). keywords: beta; bran; cereal; cholesterol; et al; fibre; food; glucan; oat; products; viscosity; weight; wood cache: afs-5777.pdf plain text: afs-5777.txt item: #292 of 872 id: afs-5778 author: Pekka Lehtinen and Simo Laakso title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 88–99 date: 2004-06-17 words: 6810 flesch: 55 summary: During various process- es, cereal lipids may also be exposed to micro- bial lipase and the role of microbial enzymes in cereal lipid reactions is a controversial subject (O’Connor et al. 1992). Effect of malting on oat lipids. keywords: acid; activity; cereal; et al; fatty; food; hydrolysis; hydroperoxide; journal; lipase; lipid; oat; oxidation; processing; products; reactions cache: afs-5778.pdf plain text: afs-5778.txt item: #293 of 872 id: afs-5779 author: Anu Kaukovirta-Norja, Annika Wilhelmson and Kaisa Poutanen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 100–112 date: 2004-06-17 words: 8727 flesch: 63 summary: Dalby and Tsai (1976) and Wu (1983) observed an increase in albumin content (rich in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophane) during oat germination, and a subsequent decrease in globulin and prolamine contents (poor in lysine) leading to increased nutritional value of germinated oat. It can be concluded that the research results on lipolysis in oat germination are to some extent contradictionary and further research is needed in this area. keywords: acid; activity; barley; cereal; chemistry; compounds; content; et al; food; germination; journal; lipids; malting; oat; oats; products; science cache: afs-5779.pdf plain text: afs-5779.txt item: #294 of 872 id: afs-5780 author: Fred K. Gates, Bogdan J. Dobraszczyk title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 113–123 date: 2004-06-17 words: 7453 flesch: 69 summary: Influ- ence of heat pretreatments of oat grain on the vis- cosity of flour slurries. Relationship of selected physical, chemical, and sensory parameters in oat grain, rolled oats and cooked oatmeal- a three year study with eight culti- vars. keywords: cereal; dobraszczyk; food; fracture; hardness; journal; material; oat; oats; properties; science; structure cache: afs-5780.pdf plain text: afs-5780.txt item: #295 of 872 id: afs-5781 author: Marjatta Salmenkallio-Marttila, Raija-Liisa Heiniö, Olavi Myllymäki, Martina Lille, Karin Autio title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 124–137 date: 2004-06-22 words: 6464 flesch: 70 summary: Relationships of selected physical, chemi- cal, and sensory parameters in oat grain, rolled oats, and cooked oatmeal – A three-year study with eight cultivars. In our earlier work we studied the effect of the germination process on the chemi- cal and microbiological quality of oat (Wilhelm- son et al. 2001) and specified factors affecting the sensory profile of germinated oat (Heiniö et al. 2001 and 2002). keywords: autoclaved; cereal; flavour; grains; hardness; lisbeth; oat; samples; starch; texture; veli cache: afs-5781.pdf plain text: afs-5781.txt item: #296 of 872 id: afs-5782 author: Marjatta Salmenkallio-Marttila, Katariina Roininen, Karin Autio and Liisa Lähteenmäki title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 138–150. date: 2004-06-22 words: 6504 flesch: 69 summary: Five different recipes with different water, transglutaminase, and gluten contents were used to bake oat breads (Table 1). I E N C E Salmenkallio-Marttila, M. et al. Effects of gluten and transglutaminase on oat bread (49%). keywords: bread; flour; gluten; granules; oat; oat bread; protein; samples; starch; transglutaminase; water; wheat cache: afs-5782.pdf plain text: afs-5782.txt item: #297 of 872 id: afs-5783 author: Elina Kiviharju, Jaana Laurila, Mari Lehtonen, Pirjo Tanhuanpää and Outi Manninen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 151–162 date: 2004-06-17 words: 7356 flesch: 70 summary: Oat anther culture and RAPD markers regeneration often occurs at low rates or not at all (Rines 1983, Sun et al. 1991, Kiviharju et al. 2000). Oat anther culture and RAPD markers cv. keywords: acc; anther; anther culture; cav; culture; dna; et al; green; markers; oat; plants; puhti; rapd; regeneration; response; traits cache: afs-5783.pdf plain text: afs-5783.txt item: #298 of 872 id: afs-5784 author: Ari Rajala and Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 163–169 date: 2004-06-17 words: 3802 flesch: 65 summary: Research note Intra-plant variation for progress of cell division in developing oat grains: a preliminary study Ari Rajala and Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: ari.rajala@mtt.fi Development of an oat panicle proceeds from the uppermost terminal spikelet downward to the base of the panicle. I E N C E Rajala, A. & Peltonen-Sainio, P. Intra-plant variation in developing oat grains restricted (Table 1), as also noted by Tibelius and Klinck (1987). keywords: cell; floret; grain; number; oat; panicle; pollination; spikelet; weight cache: afs-5784.pdf plain text: afs-5784.txt item: #299 of 872 id: afs-5785 author: Pirjo Mäkelä, Susanna Muurinen, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 170–185 date: 2004-06-17 words: 9357 flesch: 78 summary: Yield components, leaf characteristics and straw traits were measured from six oat lines (D lines Pal and Grane, SD lines Hja 76416 and Salo, and T lines Veli and Jalostettu maatiainen) separately on the main shoot and tillers. Rather, lines with dwarf- ing genes had a greater proportion of their grains at distal positions compared with T lines, and lower mean grain weight was a result of restrict- ed assimilate transport capacity rather than source limitation (Miralles and Slafer 1995). keywords: 2001; anthesis; grain; leaf; lines; number; oat; plant; tillers; weight; yield cache: afs-5785.pdf plain text: afs-5785.txt item: #300 of 872 id: afs-5786 author: Ari Rajala title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 186–197 date: 2004-06-17 words: 7863 flesch: 69 summary: Progress in plant growth regula- tion. Plant growth regu- lator effects on spring cereal root and shoot growth. keywords: barley; ccc; elongation; et al; grain; growth; journal; oat; peltonen; pgr; pgrs; plant; rajala; sainio; stem; wheat; yield cache: afs-5786.pdf plain text: afs-5786.txt item: #301 of 872 id: afs-5787 author: Anna-Maija Kirkkari, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Pekka Lehtinen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 198–211 date: 2004-06-17 words: 6925 flesch: 73 summary: The hulled groats were separated from the sample, dehulled by hand and the proportion of the hulls of the total sample was weighed (termed hull content %). Hull content of various cultivars ranged between one and six percent. keywords: bullion; content; cultivars; degree; grain; hull; lisbeth; moisture; naked; oat; threshing cache: afs-5787.pdf plain text: afs-5787.txt item: #302 of 872 id: afs-5788 author: Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Anna-Maija Kirkkari, Lauri Jauhiainen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 212–228 date: 2004-06-17 words: 10146 flesch: 62 summary: However, sensitivity of naked oat grains to mechanical damage induced by high grain mois- 215 The only exception with respect to the cor- responding quality in dehulled oat versus naked oat groat quality is that naked oat grain is likely to have less β-glucan (Givens et al. 2000). keywords: conditions; crop; damage; energy; et al; feed; finland; food; grain; oat; oats; peltonen; production; quality; sainio; sainio et; science; swot cache: afs-5788.pdf plain text: afs-5788.txt item: #303 of 872 id: afs-5789 author: Veli Hietaniemi, Markku Kontturi, Sari Rämö, Merja Eurola, Arjo Kangas, Markku Niskanen, Marketta Saastamoinen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 13 (2004): 54–67 date: 2004-06-22 words: 7112 flesch: 67 summary: Figure 2 shows DON contents of six oat Table 1. The results also showed that no distinct differences were found in DON contents of var- ious varieties. keywords: 2001; concentrations; contents; don; et al; finland; food; fusarium; kg-1; mycotoxins; samples; trials; trichothecenes; variety cache: afs-5789.pdf plain text: afs-5789.txt item: #304 of 872 id: afs-5791 author: Mats Åström, Robert Sundström, Maria Holmberg, Karl-Erik Storberg title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 5–13. date: 2005-06-06 words: 6154 flesch: 66 summary: Acid sulphate soils, Proceedings of the international symposium on acid sulphate soils. Key words: acid sulphate soil, hydrochemistry, acidification, ditching, land use Introduction In the central parts of western Finland (hereafter C-W Finland), many streams are severely acidified (e.g. Weppling 1993, Åström and Åström 1997, Edén et al. 1999) which has resulted in deteriora- tion of the aquatic life in general and many serious sudden fish kills (Vuori 1995, Kjellman and Hudd 1996, Hudd and Kålax 1998). keywords: 1998; acid; area; drainage; finland; forest; soils; streams; sulphate; water cache: afs-5791.pdf plain text: afs-5791.txt item: #305 of 872 id: afs-5792 author: Mats Åström and Kristoffer Rönnback title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 14–23. date: 2005-06-06 words: 4631 flesch: 63 summary: Sediment samples were col- lected at 317 sites from a depth of 1.5–3 m. While the sediments have high S (sulphide) concentrations (median = 0.54%) and thus a strong acidification potential, they carry transition metals mainly in small- sized silicates close to “background concentrations” far below contamination limits. Hence, metal concen- trations in sediment samples rich in sulphides and/ or organic matter were not significantly higher than those in samples poor in these substances. keywords: acid; concentrations; finland; metals; samples; sediments; soils; åström cache: afs-5792.pdf plain text: afs-5792.txt item: #306 of 872 id: afs-5793 author: Marcus Roos and Mats Åström title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 24–33. date: 2005-06-06 words: 5705 flesch: 67 summary: Molybdenum and phosphorus were not leached from AS soils in larger amounts than from other soils and thus related to other factors connected to the arable land. Based on the concentrations of potentially toxic metals derived from AS soils, the 21 rivers were ranked from the least (Lestijoki River, Lapväärtinjoki River and Perhonjoki River) to the most (Sulvanjoki River, Vöyrinjoki River and Maalahdenjoki River) heavily AS soil impacted. keywords: acid; concentrations; elements; finland; group; l-1; land; river; soils; åström cache: afs-5793.pdf plain text: afs-5793.txt item: #307 of 872 id: afs-5794 author: Mats Åström and Baruch Spiro title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 34–43. date: 2005-06-06 words: 5150 flesch: 64 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2004 Sources of acidity and metals in a stream draining acid sulphate soil, till and peat, western Finland, revealed by a hydrochemical and sulphur isotope study Mats Åström Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar University, SE–39182 Kalmar, Sweden, e-mail: mats.astrom@hik.se Baruch Spiro Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom The main aim of this study was to determine, during extreme hydrological conditions, the source(s) of ac- ids, sulphate and metals (alkali and alkaline earths) in the Munsala stream (western Finland) draining mainly acid sulphate soil, peat and till. keywords: acid; concentrations; fig; finland; so4; soil; stream; sulphate; water; åström cache: afs-5794.pdf plain text: afs-5794.txt item: #308 of 872 id: afs-5795 author: Peter Österholm, Mats Åström and Robert Sundström title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 44–56. date: 2005-06-06 words: 8760 flesch: 66 summary: However, since the method is basically based on neutralisation of acidity by lime, the lime reservoir is depleted in a few years in AS soil areas like Rintala (Triipponen 1997, Puustinen 2001) and there is an obvious risk that remobilisation of metal precipitates around the drain pipes will then occur. The use of the traditional open ditches instead of subsurface drainage on AS soil areas would have a significant positive effect on the water qual- ity (Palko and Yli-Halla 1993), but due to several agricultural drawbacks and the fact that most of the Rintala area is already drained by subsurface pipes, it can not be considered as a potential meth- od for Rintala. keywords: acid; area; concentrations; drainage; finland; l-1; quality; rintala; soil; stream; sulphate; water; åström cache: afs-5795.pdf plain text: afs-5795.txt item: #309 of 872 id: afs-5796 author: Maija Paasonen-Kivekäs and Markku Yli-Halla title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 57–69. date: 2005-06-06 words: 8356 flesch: 71 summary: This study seeks to explore the origins of this increased N load by comparing soil profile con- centrations of C and N to depths of 240 cm in an AS soil and a neighbouring non AS soil, both un- der crops, in western Finland. Indeed, within the Finnish network of small representative catch- ments, the N load from catchments with AS soils has been observed to be higher than the loads from other agricultural catchments in Finland (Reko- lainen 1989, Vuorenmaa et al. 2002). keywords: acid; area; depth; field; finland; halla; nitrogen; nmin; soil; subsoil; sulphate; yli cache: afs-5796.pdf plain text: afs-5796.txt item: #310 of 872 id: afs-5797 author: Krister Backlund, Anton Boman, Sören Fröjdö and Mats Åström title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 70–82. date: 2005-06-06 words: 8192 flesch: 64 summary: 70–82. © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2004 An analytical procedure for determination of sulphur species and isotopes in boreal acid sulphate soils and sediments Krister Backlund, Anton Boman Åbo Akademi University, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, FI-20500 Turku, Finland, e-mail: krister.backlund@abo.fi, anton.boman@abo.fi Sören Fröjdö Åbo Akademi University, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, FI-20500 Turku, Finland Mats Åström Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden An analytical scheme suitable for boreal acid sulphate (AS) soils and sediments was developed on the basis of existing methods. Overlaps between sulphur species are common during speciation, and must be minimized. keywords: acid; avs; sediments; species; sulphate; sulphur cache: afs-5797.pdf plain text: afs-5797.txt item: #311 of 872 id: afs-5798 author: Kaj Lax title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 83–97. date: 2005-06-06 words: 8472 flesch: 71 summary: Compared to postglacial clays, gyttja- containing soils were enriched in Mo, Se and W, and had lower pH (Fig. 2) and lower concentra- tions of V and Cr. Owing to the low pH of AS soils and subsequent leaching, levels of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), sulphur (S), yttrium (Y), uranium (U), tungsten (W), and molybdenum (Mo) were significantly elevated in aquatic roots. keywords: area; biogeochemical; concentrations; elements; kg-1; samples; sediments; soils; sweden cache: afs-5798.pdf plain text: afs-5798.txt item: #312 of 872 id: afs-5799 author: Virve Kustula, Allan Witick and Jarmo J. Meriläinen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 112–121. date: 2005-06-06 words: 6028 flesch: 68 summary: Sizing of treatment cells Cell 1 (limestone cell) It was expected that the main problems associ- ated with SAPS treatment of acid sulphate soil runoff in Finland would be the seasonal variations in flow, temperature and water quality. keywords: acid; alkalinity; cells; concentrations; date; finland; limestone; saps; sulphate; system; treatment; water cache: afs-5799.pdf plain text: afs-5799.txt item: #313 of 872 id: afs-5800 author: Ilona Bärlund, Sirkka Tattari, Markku Yli-Halla and Mats Åström title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 98–111. date: 2005-06-06 words: 7215 flesch: 67 summary: At Ilmajoki, for example, the measurements performed indicated that there was a trend of the total sulphur content in soil in the lowest measured soil layer (2.8–3 m) and in the thickness of the acidic layer (Bärlund et al. 2004, page 20), the S Fig. 4. Relation between drainage water acidity and (a) total aluminium, (b) sulphate sulphur and (c) total manga- nese concentrations for the reference fields in Ilmajoki and Mustasaari in the years 1998–2002. Improved drainage of AS soils is likely to induce further oxidation of sulphides and, con- sequently, increased acidity and elevated concen- trations of metals in drainage waters. keywords: acidity; drainage; field; fig; finland; groundwater; ilmajoki; l-1; level; lfd; model; mustasaari; n.a; soils; total; water cache: afs-5800.pdf plain text: afs-5800.txt item: #314 of 872 id: afs-5801 author: Markku Yli-Halla title: Editorial date: 2007-11-12 words: 579 flesch: 57 summary: These improvements make our ar- ticles available practically at all relevant libraries, universities and research institutes, since this journal is included in the package of a large number of scientific e-journals of our field delivered by Ingenta, irrespec- tive of the distribution of the hard copies. The technological advances make Agricultural and Food Science (34 published articles in 2004) equally available as larger journals. keywords: food; journal cache: afs-5801.pdf plain text: afs-5801.txt item: #315 of 872 id: afs-5802 author: Mats Åström title: Preface date: 2007-11-12 words: 773 flesch: 41 summary: The main reasons for this are that (1) the acid sulphate soil leaching has a diffuse character, i.e., the discharge occurs via hundreds of thousands of small, mostly uni- dentified ditches in coastal areas (mainly in Pohjanmaa (Ostrobothnia), Västerbotten, Norrbotten, and south-western Finland), (2) the acid sulphate soil leaching is complex, i.e., the source of the acids and met- als consists of natural sediments, but the mechanisms mobilizing these compounds are triggered by human activities, (3) the leaching from acid sulphate soils is mainly from agricultural fields, i.e., it is farmland drainage that results in acid sulphate soil development and since agriculture is already experiencing eco- nomic problems, there are political difficulties associated with attempts to highlight the problem. Unfortunately, there are a number of exceptions, and one of these is constituted by acid sulphate soils. keywords: acid; sulphate cache: afs-5802.pdf plain text: afs-5802.txt item: #316 of 872 id: afs-5803 author: Xing Liu and Kyösti Pietola title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 123–133. date: 2005-10-28 words: 6613 flesch: 68 summary: With sample size 40 and mean value –0.28, the confidence in- terval for the population value of Pearson’s corre- lation is –0.56 ≤ r ≤ –0.023 Clearly, the yield vola- tility is much larger than the price volatility with respect to the mean value of price and yield, re- spectively (2% of price volatility to 32% of yield volatility) Hedging price risk in the presence of crop yield and revenue insurance. keywords: aversion; contract; correlation; harvest; hedge; hedging; model; price; risk; wheat; yield cache: afs-5803.pdf plain text: afs-5803.txt item: #317 of 872 id: afs-5804 author: Jukka Ruunaniemi, Mikko Hautala and Jukka Ahokas title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 134–142. date: 2005-10-28 words: 5337 flesch: 68 summary: Key words: cows, synthetic bed, mats, bedding materials, physical properties Introduction The use of unheated cubicles for housing dairy cat- tle has increased in Finland since the 1990s. Bedding material has to be chosen according to the conditions in the build- ing. keywords: bedding; conditions; cow; cows; dairy; fig; flux; force; friction; heat; material; properties; softness; time cache: afs-5804.pdf plain text: afs-5804.txt item: #318 of 872 id: afs-5805 author: Pekka Huhtanen, Juha Nousiainen, Marketta Rinne title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 154–165. date: 2005-10-28 words: 7833 flesch: 63 summary: Accurate and precise predictions of digest- ibility at harvesting time are essential in manage- ment of milk production systems based on a large proportion of grass silage in the diet. The data are derived from digestibility experiments conducted in MTT Agrifood Research Finland in order to develop meteorological D-value model and to study laboratory techniques in predicting feeding value of grass silages. keywords: content; digestibility; grass; herbage; mixed; model; ndf; omd; oms; silage cache: afs-5805.pdf plain text: afs-5805.txt item: #319 of 872 id: afs-5806 author: Hanna Virtanen, Juha Nousiainen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 166–180. date: 2005-10-28 words: 10072 flesch: 68 summary: Studies examining the environmental impacts of milk products throughout their whole life cycle have shown that a major part of the effects arises from raw milk production on dairy farms (Høgaas Eide 2002, Voutilainen et al. 2003). Published research on WFB for N and P (N- WFB and P-WFB) on dairy farms in Finland is still limited and the datasets are based on results from a few farms or from a specific area (e.g. Väisänen 1996, Poikela 2000). keywords: 2003; dairy; farm; feed; ha-1; import; milk; nutrient; production; total; wfb cache: afs-5806.pdf plain text: afs-5806.txt item: #320 of 872 id: afs-5807 author: Helena Soinne and Tommi Peltovuori title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 181–188. date: 2005-10-28 words: 4829 flesch: 63 summary: Incubation experiment The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on soil P in the organic and mineral soils amended with pig slurry or NPK fertilizer was investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment. Below, H2SO4-soluble P after ignition is referred to as total soil P (TP). keywords: effects; freezing; incubation; mineral; npk; phosphorus; results; science; slurry; soil; soluble; test; water cache: afs-5807.pdf plain text: afs-5807.txt item: #321 of 872 id: afs-5808 author: None title: 22835_07_Salonen.indd date: 2005-10-28 words: 7242 flesch: 64 summary: Discussion The total number of weed species (76) recorded in pea fields illustrates the species richness of arable fields. The average number of weed species per field was 10 under conventional cropping and 18 under organic cropping. keywords: analysis; control; conventional; crop; cropping; fields; finland; flora; management; organic; pea; salonen; species; table; variables; variation; weed cache: afs-5808.pdf plain text: afs-5808.txt item: #322 of 872 id: afs-5809 author: Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen, Minna Nykter, Mikko Hautala and Anna-Maija Sjöberg title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 143–153. date: 2005-10-28 words: 6792 flesch: 76 summary: With development of new har- vesting and processing techniques of fibre plants, contamination with soil and sand has been dis- cussed and found to increase the ash content of plants (Kymäläinen et al. 2002). The effect of frost on fibre plants and their processing. keywords: e m; fibre; fractions; frost; hemp; linseed; m p; m s; p s cache: afs-5809.pdf plain text: afs-5809.txt item: #323 of 872 id: afs-5810 author: Stefan Bäckman title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 264–276. date: 2005-11-29 words: 6380 flesch: 61 summary: Soil specific efficiency for Nitro- gen and Phosphorous (ES) are consistent with equation (2). I E N C E Appendix 1 276 Crop and soil specific N and P efficiency andproductivity in Finland Introduction Measurement of soil specificmineral efficiency Soil specific mineral efficiency Empirical model Data and estimation Results Discussion Conclusions References Appendix 1 keywords: data; efficiency; frontier; mineral; production; productivity; soil; specific; wheat cache: afs-5810.pdf plain text: afs-5810.txt item: #324 of 872 id: afs-5811 author: Antti Iho title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 277–292. date: 2005-11-29 words: 9726 flesch: 62 summary: 21 Lowering the maximum abatement affects the whole range of wetland abatement cost function. E (θ, w, s, P) = Ẽ (5d) Conditions (5a–5c) require that the efforts of each abatement measure are increased up to the point where marginal abatement costs (marginal costs relative to marginal reduction) are equal for all abatement measures. keywords: abatement; buffer; contribution; cost; crop; effectiveness; fertilizer; levels; loss; measures; model; phosphorus; reduction; strips; target; total; use; wetlands cache: afs-5811.pdf plain text: afs-5811.txt item: #325 of 872 id: afs-5812 author: Timo Sipiläinen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 250–263. date: 2005-11-29 words: 8804 flesch: 61 summary: If elas- ticities of scale equals one the scale effect vanish- es. Technical efficiency change is a ratio of techni- cal efficiencies in sequential years Table 6 shows the annual tech- nical change, technical efficiency change and scale effect calculated on the basis of Model 7. keywords: analysis; area; change; efficiency; factors; farms; frontier; grass; growth; input; model; output; production; productivity; silage; technical; time cache: afs-5812.pdf plain text: afs-5812.txt item: #326 of 872 id: afs-5813 author: Štefan Bojnec title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 236–249. date: 2005-11-29 words: 8436 flesch: 65 summary: PR – Pork retail price. This suggests an absence of long run price rela- tionship between pork retail and farm gate prices during this period. keywords: august; beef; farm; gate; integration; margin; market; meat; pork; price; retail; tests cache: afs-5813.pdf plain text: afs-5813.txt item: #327 of 872 id: afs-5814 author: Jyrki Niemi title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 224–235. date: 2005-11-29 words: 7249 flesch: 59 summary: Static calculations are used to illus- trate how adopting EU price levels have affected producer and consumer surpluses. Comparison of market prices and per-unit subsidies received by producers before the EU accession in 1994 and after the entry in 2003 (EUR/kg). 1994 2003 Market Direct Per-unit Market Direct Per-unit Commodity price payment gross return price payment gross return Wheat 0.36 0.03 0.39 0.12 0.23 0.35 Barley 0.26 0.05 0.31 0.11 0.19 0.30 Oats 0.25 0.05 0.30 0.09 0.19 0.28 Beef 3.78 2.00 5.78 1.86 1.68 3.54 Pork 2.65 0.10 2.75 1.15 0.88 2.03 Poultry 2.00 0.09 2.09 1.17 0.77 1.94 Eggs 1.88 0.14 2.02 0.80 0.98 1.78 Milk 0.35 0.22 0.57 0.34 0.19 0.53 Source: MTT Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland. keywords: 2003; accession; analysis; consumption; demand; effects; entry; eur; finland; policy; price; producers; production; welfare cache: afs-5814.pdf plain text: afs-5814.txt item: #328 of 872 id: afs-5815 author: Pasi Rikkonen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 205–223. date: 2005-11-29 words: 11819 flesch: 62 summary: These opinions can be convert- ed as alternative future scenarios that are present- ing future views in desirability, probability and importance points of view. In this article, the main purpose is to present alternative future scenarios for Finnish agriculture. keywords: agriculture; c e; delphi; e n; expert; finland; food; future; images; importance; n c; panel; policy; process; production; round; scenarios; study cache: afs-5815.pdf plain text: afs-5815.txt item: #329 of 872 id: afs-5816 author: John Sumelius title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 293–309. date: 2005-11-29 words: 11143 flesch: 64 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received May 2004 Marginal abatement costs for reducing leaching of nitrates in Croatian agriculture John Sumelius Department of Economics and Management, PO Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: john.sumelius@helsinki.fi Milan Mesić Department of Agronomy, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia Zoran Grgić Department of Farm Management, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia Ivica Kisic Department of Agronomy, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia Ramona Franić Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia The aim of this paper is to estimate marginal abatement costs (MAC) of N-fertiliser tax policies which aim to prevent NO3 levels from rising. Another principal side effect or exter- nality is rising NO3 levels in drinking water. keywords: abatement; fertiliser; function; ha-1; leaching; levels; mac; maize; n c; no3; production; profit; tax cache: afs-5816.pdf plain text: afs-5816.txt item: #330 of 872 id: afs-5817 author: Jussi Lankoski and Jussi Lankoski title: Preaface date: 2007-11-14 words: 623 flesch: 46 summary: The paper by Bojnec and Peter is very topical in the context of integrating the new member states into European single market, because the welfare benefits gained by expanding the European Union crucially hinge on market efficiency. Agricultural policy reforms, brought in by accession to the EU have resulted in signifi- cant welfare gains for Finnish society. keywords: food cache: afs-5817.pdf plain text: afs-5817.txt item: #331 of 872 id: afs-5818 author: Kirsi Partanen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 311–324 date: 2006-02-14 words: 10570 flesch: 65 summary: In con- clusion, organic acids and salts were found to differ in their ability to modulate microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets. Key words: pigs, fermentation, organic acids, organic salts 312 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D keywords: acid; benzoate; digesta; effects; fermentation; formic; formic acid; gas; microbial; potassium; production; sodium; sorbate cache: afs-5818.pdf plain text: afs-5818.txt item: #332 of 872 id: afs-5819 author: Sini Perttilä title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 325–334 date: 2006-02-14 words: 6217 flesch: 68 summary: Amino acid digestibility in non-ruminants – a review. Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids andmetabolisable energy value in grains for broilers Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion References SELOSTUS keywords: acid; amino; barley; content; crude; digestibility; grains; ileal; maize; oats; poultry; science; triticale; wheat cache: afs-5819.pdf plain text: afs-5819.txt item: #333 of 872 id: afs-5820 author: Risto Uusitalo and Erkki Aura title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 335–345 date: 2006-03-28 words: 6765 flesch: 61 summary: = soil P extractable by ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.6) Results and discussion Agronomic P status and P saturation of the soils Ammonium acetate is a weak extract for soil P, the amounts of soil P extractable in the acetate buffer keywords: aer; concentrations; dpsm3; drp; extractable; forms; pac; phosphorus; runoff; soil; tss; uusitalo cache: afs-5820.pdf plain text: afs-5820.txt item: #334 of 872 id: afs-5821 author: Heidi Salovuo title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 346–353 date: 2006-02-14 words: 4861 flesch: 70 summary: As can be seen in Table 2, counts over 100 cfu ml-1 are more frequent in AMS milk than in conventional milk. Key words: automatic milking, milk quality, somatic cell count, total bacteria count Introduction The first automatic milking system (AMS) was in- troduced in the Netherlands in the beginning of the 1990s. keywords: ams; bacteria; count; introduction; milk; milking; ml-1; quality; system cache: afs-5821.pdf plain text: afs-5821.txt item: #335 of 872 id: afs-5822 author: Juan A. Martínez title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 354–361 date: 2006-02-14 words: 4730 flesch: 71 summary: In fact, severity of brown stain increased when CO2 levels around whole lettuce heads were higher than 2 kPa (Artés and Martínez 1998, Artés et al. 1999) or higher than 18 kPa in minimally fresh processed Iceberg lettuce (Mateos et al. 1993). Conclusions Throughout storage of whole lettuce heads at 5ºC no noticeable changes in RR was found. keywords: artés; co2; cutting; ethylene; grade; lettuce cache: afs-5822.pdf plain text: afs-5822.txt item: #336 of 872 id: afs-5823 author: Anna-Leena Haukkapää title: Agricultural and Food Science date: 2006-02-14 words: 6630 flesch: 72 summary: Numbers in italic refer to the percentage of weed number or dry weight compared to control. Numbers in italic refer to the percentage of weed number or dry weight compared to control. keywords: effect; exp; ha-1+s; herbicide; imazamox; jokioinen; oilseed; rape; weeds cache: afs-5823.pdf plain text: afs-5823.txt item: #337 of 872 id: afs-5824 author: Marjo Serenius title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 14 (2005): 362–376. date: 2006-02-14 words: 8668 flesch: 71 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2004 Effects of sowing time on pink snow mould, leaf rust and winter damage in winter rye varieties in Finland Marjo Serenius, Erja Huusela-Veistola, Hanna Avikainen, Katri Pahkala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: erja.huusela-veistola@mtt.fi Antti Laine MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Southwest Finland Research Station, FI-23120 Mietoinen, Finland Disease infection in relation to sowing time of winter rye (Secale cereale) was studied in southern Finland in order to compare overwintering capacity of modern rye varieties and to give recommendations for rye cultivation. Key words: snow mould, Microdochium nivale, Puccinia recondita, overwintering, winter rye, Secale cere- ale, frit fly, winter hardening Introduction Cultivated rye in Finland has changed from native landraces, which were common before the 1930s, to population varieties after the 1960s (Paatela 1953, Pessi 1965). keywords: autumn; damage; early; finland; infection; leaf; mietoinen; mould; normal; rust; rye; snow; sowing; sown; time; varieties; variety; winter cache: afs-5824.pdf plain text: afs-5824.txt item: #338 of 872 id: afs-5825 author: Erja Huusela-Veistola title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 43–60. date: 2006-05-10 words: 10444 flesch: 72 summary: Discussion Insect pests The risk of frit fly problems was clearly highest in early sown winter rye although in small trial plots damage can be overestimated. In particular years, when early sown winter rye has been heavily damaged by frit fly, yields were only 49–70% of those from rye sown at the normal time (Linnomäki 1958). keywords: autumn; finland; fly; frit; jokioinen; late; location; mietoinen; n c; oct; pälkäne; rye; sowing; sown; spring; time; variety; weed; winter cache: afs-5825.pdf plain text: afs-5825.txt item: #339 of 872 id: afs-5826 author: Eeva Kuusela title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 23–34. date: 2006-05-10 words: 8177 flesch: 67 summary: In this study the effect of seed mixture (alsike clover, red clover, white clover, white and alsike clover or grass mixture), year (1997, 1998) and grazing period (5 per grazing season) on the herbage calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) phosphorous (P) and sodium (Na) contents was assessed and the relationships between botanical proportions and herbage mineral contents were studied. The relationship between botanical proportions and herbage mineral content was as- sessed using Spearman correlation. keywords: clover; concentrations; content; grass; grazing; herbage; kg-1; kuusela; mineral; mixtures; ratio; seed cache: afs-5826.pdf plain text: afs-5826.txt item: #340 of 872 id: afs-5827 author: Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen and Anna-Maija Sjöberg title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): –11. date: 2006-05-10 words: 5061 flesch: 67 summary: I E N C E Kymäläinen, H.-R. & Sjöberg, A.-M. Cadmium content of linseed of Cd content in the grain of linseed has been measured in various international studies (Table 1). Examined linseed samples Cd content, mg kg-1 Reference Yellow mean 0.23 Klein & Weigert 1987 keywords: cadmium; content; crush; daily; intake; kg-1; linseed; samples; study cache: afs-5827.pdf plain text: afs-5827.txt item: #341 of 872 id: afs-5828 author: Marjo Serenius and Outi Manninen title: Agricultural and Food Science date: 2006-05-10 words: 4064 flesch: 57 summary: Short distance spore dispersal may help to distribute genotypes of P. teres resulting in more uniform within field populations with similar fun- gicide sensitivities. P. teres isolates were tested in two successive experiments, both having two replicates per isolate for each treatment. keywords: field; finland; fungicide; growth; isolates; medium; ml-1; mtt; prochloraz; teres cache: afs-5828.pdf plain text: afs-5828.txt item: #342 of 872 id: afs-5829 author: Eve Veromann title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 61–72. date: 2006-05-10 words: 6631 flesch: 68 summary: In oilseed rape fields, the dominant predators are carabids, these having the greatest biomass in comparison with rove beetles and spi- ders (Goltermann 1994). Biocontrol of oilseed rape pests. keywords: aeneus; bbch; estonia; field; min; oilseed; oilseed rape; parasitoids; pests; rape; stn; system cache: afs-5829.pdf plain text: afs-5829.txt item: #343 of 872 id: afs-5830 author: Markku Yli-Halla title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 12–22. date: 2006-05-10 words: 6518 flesch: 65 summary: (a) organic particles and uncoated sand grains in Ap horizon, (b) uncoated sand grains in E horizon, (c) sand grains cemented by complexes in Bhsm horizon, (d) cracked coatings bridging sand grains in Bhsm horizon, (e) thin coatings on sand grains in Bs horizon, and (f) relatively unweathered and uncoated sand grains and plenty of biotite (brown) in BCg horizon. The smectite found in E horizons of other Spodosols in Finland was identi��ed as dioctahedral (Righi et al. 1997, Gillot et al. 1999). keywords: + +; bhsm; et al; finland; formation; horizon; mokma; organic; pedon; sand; soil cache: afs-5830.pdf plain text: afs-5830.txt item: #344 of 872 id: afs-5831 author: Markku Yli-Halla title: Editorial date: 2007-11-12 words: 690 flesch: 62 summary: Even today, printed journals may still be the most reliable way to guarantee this continuity for further generations. These numbers show that electronic use of scientific papers has become very widespread. keywords: journal; research cache: afs-5831.pdf plain text: afs-5831.txt item: #345 of 872 id: afs-5832 author: Paul Riesinger title: Agricultural and Food Science date: 2006-09-21 words: 10380 flesch: 65 summary: In the first national weed survey carried out in Finland, Mukula et al. (1969) attributed geographi- cal differences of frequency of occurrence and abundance of weed species to differences in climate and soil properties. Monotonous crop rotations contribute to a decrease in weed species richness (Hald 1999, Leeson et al. 2000). keywords: arvensis; crop; density; et al; finland; mukula; n c; northwest; number; organic; regions; salonen; south; species; spp; spring; weed; weed species; weight cache: afs-5832.pdf plain text: afs-5832.txt item: #346 of 872 id: afs-5833 author: Alar Astover title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 77–88. date: 2006-09-21 words: 7015 flesch: 57 summary: The aim of the present study was to analyse the application of different agro-economic models in a computer-based decision support system, developed for optimisation of agricultural land use and fertilisa- tion, on the example of barley production of Kullamaa rural municipality in Estonia. The larger the spatial or temporal scale, the more complex will be the process of exploring and predicting agricultural land use (Stoorvogel and Antle 2001). keywords: agricultural; barley; decision; fertiliser; field; gis; land; models; production; soil; use cache: afs-5833.pdf plain text: afs-5833.txt item: #347 of 872 id: afs-5834 author: Kirsi Partanen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 89–105. date: 2006-09-21 words: 11125 flesch: 66 summary: In Experiment 3, different protein supple- ments were compared in organic diets from weaning to slaughter. Fattening pigs fed organic diets required from two to seven days longer to reach slaughter weight than those fed conventional diets. keywords: carcass; diets; faba; fattening; feed; feeding; kg-1; organic; peas; performance; piglets; pigs; protein; treatments; weaning; weight cache: afs-5834.pdf plain text: afs-5834.txt item: #348 of 872 id: afs-5835 author: Into Saarela title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 106–123. date: 2006-09-21 words: 12881 flesch: 70 summary: PCal = calcium lactate extraction by ERIA, Estonia, mg P kg -1 (L. Kevvai), PCaCl2 = 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction by WAU, Netherlands, mg P kg -1 (S. van der Zee), Pres = resin extraction by IA, Brazil, mg P dm-3 (B. van Raij) method introduced by Houba et al. (1990) extract- ed little P from most Finnish mineral soils indicat- ing a low content of dissolved phosphate in soil solution, or a low intensity of soil P, in agreement with Pw. The P values determined by the Finnish acid (pH 4.65) ammonium acetate method (PAc) used since the 1950s, have predicted the availability of soil P fairly well in moderately and weakly acid soils (Keränen et al. 1963, Saarela 2002). keywords: bar; clay; crops; effects; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; loam; oat; pac; saarela; soil; table; values; years; yield cache: afs-5835.pdf plain text: afs-5835.txt item: #349 of 872 id: afs-5836 author: Pasi K. Mattila title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 124–137. date: 2006-09-21 words: 8445 flesch: 61 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received September 2005 Spring barley yield and nitrogen recovery after  application of peat manure and pig slurry Pasi K. Mattila Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: pasi.mattila@helsinki.fi The effectiveness of peat manure, manufactured of pig slurry and moderately humified Sphagnum peat (slurry:peat ca. Peat manure produced 5–15% higher grain yields than pig slurry, with the largest difference after surface application. keywords: application; barley; fertilizer; inc; inorganic; irrigation; manure; peat; peat manure; recovery; slurry; soil; surface; yield cache: afs-5836.pdf plain text: afs-5836.txt item: #350 of 872 id: afs-5837 author: Pasi K. Mattila title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 138–151. date: 2006-09-21 words: 8311 flesch: 61 summary: As with surface applied peat manure in Experi- ment 2, Dendooven et al. (1998) observed a three- day rise in pH of a soil amended with pig slurry. Incorporation is not needed as urgently to prevent NH3 loss from surface applied peat manure as from surface ap- plied slurry. keywords: ammoniacal; application; barley; concentration; experiment; manure; n c; nh3; peat; peat manure; slurry; soil; surface; volatilization cache: afs-5837.pdf plain text: afs-5837.txt item: #351 of 872 id: afs-5838 author: Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 152–165. date: 2006-09-21 words: 9234 flesch: 67 summary: The original objectives of the investigations were: 1) to identify a seed coating material that re- sists too early imbibition of turnip rape seed when sown in early winter or spring, 2) to monitor cost- efficient management practices that sustain early and even crop establishment, and 3) to compare the development and growth of early sown turnip rape with that of a conventional May-sown crop. Rape seeds are known to persist in soil for up to 10 years (Schlink 1998), but seed predation 158 keywords: coating; control; germination; o l; rape; seeds; sowing; spring; turnip cache: afs-5838.pdf plain text: afs-5838.txt item: #352 of 872 id: afs-5839 author: Eeva Saarisalo title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 185–199. date: 2006-11-24 words: 9417 flesch: 60 summary: �issertation, ��nchen, Germany.�issertation, ��nchen, Germany. With E76 silage (Fig. 3c) the effect of additives was significant from the second day (at least P < 0.05) and the linear effect of NaB and KS tended to be significant (P < 0.10) on day six and thereafter significant (P < 0.05). keywords: acid; additives; e76; experiment; fermentation; kg-1; nab; silage; sodium; stability cache: afs-5839.pdf plain text: afs-5839.txt item: #353 of 872 id: afs-5840 author: Seija Jaakkola title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 200–218. date: 2006-11-24 words: 13420 flesch: 67 summary: With FA silages, the result sup- ports the conclusion that diets based on restrictive- ly fermented silages are more limited in glucose precursors and the cows benefit more from PG than those having extensively fermented silages. Effects of restriction of silage fermentation withformic acid on milk production Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS keywords: acid; c e; concentration; e n; effects; fermentation; milk; n c; n d; protein; silage cache: afs-5840.pdf plain text: afs-5840.txt item: #354 of 872 id: afs-5841 author: Mikko Tuori title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 219–234. date: 2006-11-24 words: 11925 flesch: 67 summary: Deter�ination o� �ore��to�a�h ��i�e��tion in la�tat‑ in� ��airy �ow�� by o�a��al or ��uo��enal ��a��lin�. British Journal of Nutrition 83: 67–77. ���e�t�� o� ��u��le�entation o� a �ra���� ��ila�e an�����e�t�� o� ��u��le�entation o� a �ra���� ��ila�e an�� barley ��iet with urea, ra�e��ee�� �eal an�� heat‑�oi��ture treate�� ra�e��ee�� �ake on �ilk �ro��u�tion an�� o�a��al ��i�e��ta flow in la�tatin� ��airy �ow��. keywords: e �; ele �; flow; ila �; intake; la �; n �; nitro �; o �; omasal; ow �; ru �; s �; � al; � ani; � en; � ent; � horu; � ra; � ri; � t; � � cache: afs-5841.pdf plain text: afs-5841.txt item: #355 of 872 id: afs-5842 author: Pirjo Pursiainen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 235–251. date: 2006-11-24 words: 11385 flesch: 66 summary: Effects of cultivars on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition, and ruminal degradability of pea silage. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). keywords: acid; barley; barley silage; content; cows; dairy; digestibility; et al; feed; grass silage; intake; intercrop; kg-1; milk; pbs; pea; silage; silage dm cache: afs-5842.pdf plain text: afs-5842.txt item: #356 of 872 id: afs-5843 author: Aila Vanhatalo title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 252–267. date: 2006-11-24 words: 10158 flesch: 64 summary: Furthermore, grass-red clover diets in comparison to grass silage diets increased milk lactose concentration and yields of milk, protein and lactose. Sig- nificant interaction (P < 0.001) between the sam- pling time and experimental diet was found for rumen pH and VFA concentrations owing to the lower pH and higher VFA concentrations during the latter part of the feeding interval (4 to 10 h after morning feeding) obtained for grass-red clover rather than grass silage diets (Fig. 1). keywords: barley; clover; clover diets; clover silage; cows; diets; et al; fat; grass; grass silage; milk; n c; oats; production; protein; rumen; silage diets cache: afs-5843.pdf plain text: afs-5843.txt item: #357 of 872 id: afs-5844 author: Hannele Khalili title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 268–279. date: 2006-11-24 words: 7198 flesch: 63 summary: The circumstances might be less optimal for multiparous cows concerning the use of only one TMR in feeding because those cows produce more milk in early lactation and they have a differ- ent lactation curve (a clear peak) and energy parti- tioning compared to primiparous cows. Key words: dairy cows, concentrates, grass silage, total mixed ration, milk yield, feed intake Introduction  During the EU membership since 1995 the number of Finnish farms has fallen, but the aver- age size has increased (Niemi and Ahlstedt 2003). keywords: concentrate; cows; feeding; intake; kg-1; lactation; milk; multiparous; tmr1; tmr2c; total cache: afs-5844.pdf plain text: afs-5844.txt item: #358 of 872 id: afs-5845 author: Auvo Sairanen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 280–292. date: 2006-11-24 words: 7880 flesch: 65 summary: Rapeseed meal supple- mentation increased milk protein yield (P < 0.01) more on silage feeding group (81 g d-1) compared with day-time grazed group (45 g d-1). Ensiling of herbage per se had little effect on overall animal performance (Cushnahan and Mayne 1995), but ensiling degrades the grass protein extensively and decreases the rumen mi- crobial protein synthesis, reducing the protein value of grass silage compared with fresh grass (Verbi vc et al. 1999, Givens and Rulquin 2004). keywords: cows; day; experiment; feeding; grass; grazing; group; intake; milk; pasture; production; protein; silage; time cache: afs-5845.pdf plain text: afs-5845.txt item: #359 of 872 id: afs-5846 author: Pekka Huhtanen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 293–323. date: 2006-11-24 words: 21193 flesch: 61 summary: �evelop�ent o�� tools ��or the nutritional �anage�ent o�� ��airy �o�s on silage�base�� ��iets. Fa�tors influen�ing on voluntary intake o�� silage�base�� ��iets, an�� the responses o�� silage qual� ity in �ilk pro��u�tion. keywords: c e; data; digestibility; e �; ee �; equations; error; et al; faecal; feed; forage; grass; indf; kg-1; lignin; o �; pdndf; prediction; refle �; ru �; s �; silages; tan �; value; � al; � el; � en; � eri; � � cache: afs-5846.pdf plain text: afs-5846.txt item: #360 of 872 id: afs-5847 author: Kirsi Partanen title: Agricultural and Food Science date: 2006-11-24 words: 10735 flesch: 63 summary: Dietary lactic acid additions that have been able to enhance the growth perform- ance of weaned piglets and growing pigs have usu- ally been over �0 g kg-� of feed, whereas generally less than �0 g kg-� of formic acid is needed. 687§ 678 689§ �2.6 Kg dry matter per kg of carcass gain 3.7� 3.64 3.58 3.64 3.43§¶ 3.53§ 3.53§ 3.5�§ 0.056 Carcass lean, % 58.4 58.4 57.8 58.3 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.7 0.37 Fat thickness, mma S� �2.� �2.3 �2.6 �2.� �2.2 �2.5 �2.2 �2.2 0.33 S2 �2.9 �3.� �3.7 �2.9 �3.� �3.� �3.2 �3.0 0.43 Meat coloura,b PSE� 36.9 36.5 38.0 37.4 36.6 37.4 36.3 35.9 0.84 PSE2 37.2 36.7 38.0 36.� 36.4 36.9 36.7 36.� 0.69 a The measurements were taken with a Hennessy GP4 grading probe, S� and PSE� after the last rib, 8 cm from the midline, and S2 and PSE2 between the �2th and �3th rib, 6 cm from the midline. keywords: acid; blend; control; diets; et al; fattening; feed; formic; grower; growing; growth; lactic; performance; pigs; sorbate cache: afs-5847.pdf plain text: afs-5847.txt item: #361 of 872 id: afs-58477 author: None title: afs-58477 date: 2016-11-24 words: 4715 flesch: 61 summary: Statistical analyses Data from resistance test were analyzed statistically using the Proc MIXED function in SAS 6.11 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA) and the association of each marker with Typhula resistance was evaluated by regression analysis using Proc REG in SAS 9.3. I E N C E P. Tanhuanpää et al. (2016) 25: 146–152 146 DNA markers for Typhula resistance in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) keywords: dna; index; individuals; markers; resistance; survival; tanhuanpää; timothy; typhula cache: afs-58477.pdf plain text: afs-58477.txt item: #362 of 872 id: afs-5848 author: Hilkka Kenttämies and Marja Nikkilä title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 340–349. date: 2006-11-24 words: 6225 flesch: 63 summary: The main objectives of the present study with silver fox cubs was to discover if selection for CB towards humans produces selection response, and if change in CB coincides with changes in AG and ease of capture (EC). The effect of number of sibs on confidence was also found in the Norwegian stud- ies with blue fox and silver fox cubs (Kenttämies et al. 2002, Nordrum et al. 2002). keywords: animal; behaviour; confidence; cubs; foxes; line; selection; silver; year cache: afs-5848.pdf plain text: afs-5848.txt item: #363 of 872 id: afs-5849 author: Aila Vanhatalo title: Foreword date: 2007-11-12 words: 1115 flesch: 50 summary: Professor Poutiainen started his scientific career as a research scientist at MTT Agrifood Research Finland (previously Agricultural Research Centre of Finland) in 1962. Professor Poutiainen held the professorship until he became appointed Director General of MTT in 1984. keywords: animal; research; science cache: afs-5849.pdf plain text: afs-5849.txt item: #364 of 872 id: afs-5850 author: Petri Vanhala title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 444–458. date: 2007-02-21 words: 9106 flesch: 70 summary: ��esults of official variety tri- als 1995–2002). Options for me- chanical and cultural control of S. ar�ensis were studied in a field experiment on clay soil under organic production. keywords: biomass; cer; cereal; control; crop; cultivation; ensis; hemp; hoeing; ley; s. ar; stubble; treatments; weed cache: afs-5850.pdf plain text: afs-5850.txt item: #365 of 872 id: afs-5851 author: Janne Helin title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 351–374. date: 2007-02-21 words: 17998 flesch: 69 summary: i j k j k j k j k j k j k i j k j k J K j k j k p f N p N c s B c B X R r X L e N B X B B μ λ η = = = = = = = = = = − − + − − + − + − + − L (A1) i j k j k j k j k j k j k i j k j k J K j k j k p f N p N c s B c B X R r X L e N B X B B μ λ η = = = = = = = = = = − − + − − + − + − + − L (A1) keywords: = =; = −; b b; b c; b j; crop j; d j; e n; j j; j k; j ke; j ki; k b; k d; k f; k l; k n; k p; k s; k x; k xμ; n b; n c; n j; n n; n p; s j; tillage k; − − cache: afs-5851.pdf plain text: afs-5851.txt item: #366 of 872 id: afs-5852 author: Eija Pouta title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 375–387 date: 2007-02-21 words: 8035 flesch: 55 summary: It is widely assumed that the scenic attractiveness and other public good aspects of agricultural land can be utilized as a source of livelihood in rural areas in the form of recreation and tourism. We first analyse the choice of recreation site type based on a model that aggregates sites using the presence of agricultural land as an aggregation variable. keywords: agriculture; areas; benefits; data; day; demand; destination; environment; finland; land; model; recreation; site; tourism; trips; use; value cache: afs-5852.pdf plain text: afs-5852.txt item: #367 of 872 id: afs-5853 author: Into Saarela title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 423–443. date: 2007-02-21 words: 14807 flesch: 70 summary: The optimum range of soil test P value (CAL, calcium ammonium lactate method) was as high as 80−100 mg P kg-1, which corresponds to a Pw range of about 18−22 mg kg-1 (Schachtschabel 1973) and is higher than typical in Finnish soils (Saarela et al. 2003). The effect of P fertilisation was usually significant and moderately large, but it was not found on the soils that had high soil test P values, as measured by the acid ammonium acetate method (PAc). keywords: bar bar; clay; crops; et al; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; loam; pac; phosphorus; rates; saarela; sandy; silty; soils; test; values; yield cache: afs-5853.pdf plain text: afs-5853.txt item: #368 of 872 id: afs-5854 author: Elena González-Fandos title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 414–422. date: 2007-02-21 words: 5247 flesch: 64 summary: Oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in fresh sliced mushroom overwrapped with perforated and non-perfo- rated PVC stored at two different temperatues 3ºC and 9ºC. LSD0.05 = 0.79 for CO2 ; LSD0.05 = 2.97 for O2. Weight losses (%) in fresh sliced mushrooms packaged in perforated PVC and non perforated PVC stored at 3ºC and 9ºC. Days of storage Treatment Perforated 3ºC Non-perforated 3ºC Perforated 9ºC Non-perforated 9ºC 6 1.83 �� 0.02�� 0.020.02a 1.38 �� 0.04�� 0.040.04 3.02 �� 0.07�� 0.070.07 2.32 �� 0.10�� 0.100.10 9 2.61 �� 0.04�� 0.040.04 2.08 �� 0.04�� 0.040.04 4.55 �� 0.10�� 0.100.10 3.54 �� 0.15�� 0.150.15 13 3.74 �� 0.08�� 0.080.08 3.06 �� 0.05�� 0.050.05 6.36 �� 0.15�� 0.150.15 5.00 �� 0.22�� 0.220.22 a: means ± standard error keywords: 3ºc; 9ºc; days; film; mushrooms; pvc; storage cache: afs-5854.pdf plain text: afs-5854.txt item: #369 of 872 id: afs-5856 author: Minna Nykter title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 402–413. date: 2007-02-21 words: 8191 flesch: 64 summary: In this review the quality properties of linseed oil for food uses are discussed as well as factors affecting this quality. Linseed oil has a favourable fatty acid composition with a high linolenic acid content. keywords: 2003; acid; composition; content; et al; fatty; food; linolenic; linseed; linseed oil; oil; oils; oxidation; quality; study; value; varieties cache: afs-5856.pdf plain text: afs-5856.txt item: #370 of 872 id: afs-5857 author: Åsa Jönsson and Hilde Nybom title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 15 (2006): 388–401. date: 2007-02-21 words: 8219 flesch: 67 summary: Mean evaluation scores provided by consumers belonging to three age groups (10–30, >30–50 and above 50 years old) for their overall impression (OI) of 16 tested apple cultivars in 2003 (n = 32–198 for 10–30, 63–275 for >30–50 and 72–352 for >50 years old). I E N C E Vol. 15 (2006): 388–401. itively linked, and to contribute (especially crispi- ness) to the liking of apple cultivars (Hampson et al. 2000, King et al. 2001). keywords: apples; consumers; cultivars; impression; red; scores; taste; texture cache: afs-5857.pdf plain text: afs-5857.txt item: #371 of 872 id: afs-5858 author: Jussi Tuomisto title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 16 (2007): 3–16 date: 2007-06-05 words: 6937 flesch: 62 summary: Results indicate that no contract model provided seed potato producers with average positive net profits, and profitability ratios for seed potato farms stayed below one. The results indicate that seed potato producers trading on a fixed-price and pre-emptive market could sell their seed potato for 13 per cent less than on a transaction market, but with equal net profits. keywords: agreement; contract; farm; food potato; market; marketing; potato market; potato price; potato producer; potato production; price; principal; producers; production; profit; seed potato; transaction cache: afs-5858.pdf plain text: afs-5858.txt item: #372 of 872 id: afs-5859 author: Marina Vranic title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 16 (2007): 17–24 date: 2007-06-05 words: 5143 flesch: 63 summary: As sheep prefer maize to grass silage diet (O’Doherty et al. 1997) and the GS in this study was of low quality, the combination of GS and MS was offered under the hypothesis that feeding a mixture of these supple- ments would have positive associative effects on food intake, digestibility and N retention in sheep. I E N C E Feeding value of low quality grass silage supplemented with maize silage for sheep Marina Vranić, Mladen Knežević, Krešimir Bošnjak, Josip Leto, Goran Perćulija Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Department of Field Crop Production, Grassland Management Centre, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, e-mail: mpavlak@agr.hr The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of interactions between low quality grass silage (GS) dominated by orchardgrass and maize silage (MS) on ad libitum intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in wether sheep. keywords: digestibility; grass; intake; kg–1; maize; silage cache: afs-5859.pdf plain text: afs-5859.txt item: #373 of 872 id: afs-5860 author: Soile Prokkola title: Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 16 (2007): 25–33 date: 2007-06-05 words: 5096 flesch: 66 summary: In 2001, the average marketable yield was highest in the silicon spray treatment, 291 g per plant, and lowest in compost extract treatment, 256 g per plant. In a two-year period, 2001–2002, the effects of different biological sprays on grey mould, the fruit yield and fruit quality of organically grown strawberry ‘Jonsok’ were studied in field trials at MTT Agrifood Research Finland in Ruukki and Mikkeli. keywords: berries; compost; control; experiment; extract; grey; incidence; mould; ns ns; plant; strawberry; treatments; yield cache: afs-5860.pdf plain text: afs-5860.txt item: #374 of 872 id: afs-5861 author: Marge Starast title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 16 (2007): 34–45 date: 2007-06-05 words: 7340 flesch: 69 summary: In order to find the solution to the previously discussed problem, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of elemental sulphur and acidi- fying NPK fertilizers on blueberry plants grown in former arable land with a pH initially too high pH for blueberry. Plant yield and growth The first significant yield was picked on 10 Aug 2003, when the yields per blueberry plant and fruit weight were determined. keywords: blueberry; content; control; kärla; lowbush; n s; npk; plant; soil; vasula; yield cache: afs-5861.pdf plain text: afs-5861.txt item: #375 of 872 id: afs-5862 author: Katarzyna Skupien title: Agricultural and Food Science date: 2007-06-05 words: 6497 flesch: 56 summary: On the other hand, all the fertilizer treatments applied in this experiment caused the increase of total acid content in the fruits. The contribution of both unidentified phenolic acids in total phenolic acid content in these berries was 38%. keywords: 2005; acid; alkalin; aronia; berries; chokeberry; content; control; fruit; min; treatment cache: afs-5862.pdf plain text: afs-5862.txt item: #376 of 872 id: afs-5863 author: Carla Nunes title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 16 (2007): 56–65 date: 2007-06-05 words: 6379 flesch: 63 summary: Pilot tests of Candida sake (CPA-1) applications to control postharvest blue mould on apple fruit. To be an effective biocontrol agent the antago- nist should meet certain criteria, such as the ability to rapidly colonize wounds and the capacity to be effective against a wide range of pathogens and on different fruits (Wilson and Wisniewski 1989). keywords: apple; b b; control; fruits; pear; postharvest; syringae cache: afs-5863.pdf plain text: afs-5863.txt item: #377 of 872 id: afs-5865 author: Markku Yli-Halla title: Editorial date: 2007-11-12 words: 638 flesch: 54 summary: Some of the readers may wonder how this distribution of published papers agrees with “publication of papers of international interest but featuring a northern perspective”, as stated in the Instructions to authors (www.mtt.fi/afs/about. html and www.mtt.fi/afs/instructions.html). The geographical distribution of papers published reflects the development in the submitted manuscripts, which increasingly come from countries other than Finland and even outside the Baltic region. keywords: journal; papers cache: afs-5865.pdf plain text: afs-5865.txt item: #378 of 872 id: afs-5866 author: Timo Serenius title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 date: 2007-10-02 words: 6514 flesch: 64 summary: Economic values were based on economic ef- ficiency, i.e., economic values are expressed as net changes in production costs per kg of meat pro- duced. I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 79 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received January 2007 Economic values of pork production related traits in Finland Timo Serenius, Päivi Muhonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: timo.serenius@mtt.fi Kenneth Stalder Iowa State University, Department of Animal Science, Ames, IA50011, USA The objective of the present study was to estimate economic values for sow efficiency and meat produc- tion traits in the Finnish pork production system including the consideration for subsidies. keywords: c e; economic; feed; meat; n c; piglet; production; quality; traits; values cache: afs-5866.pdf plain text: afs-5866.txt item: #379 of 872 id: afs-5867 author: Enyew Negussie title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): date: 2007-10-02 words: 5765 flesch: 65 summary: The objectives of this study were first: to assess the effects of CM trait definition on estimates of covariance components and associ- ated genetic parameters using linear and threshold models; second: to evaluate the effects of informa- tion about culled cows on estimates of covariance components and associated parameters and third: to assess the genetic association between different CM traits and its effect on sire evaluation using linear sire models. Sire evaluation Correlations between estimated breeding values (EBVs) of the different CM traits were used to as- sess the effect of CM trait definition on sire evalu- ation. keywords: data; mastitis; n c; traits cache: afs-5867.pdf plain text: afs-5867.txt item: #380 of 872 id: afs-5868 author: Miika Tapio title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 157-169 date: 2007-10-02 words: 8243 flesch: 64 summary: Material and methods Genetic variation at 20 microsatellite loci (Table 2) was assessed in 84 individuals belonging to four Volgaic local populations (Komi, Mari, Mordovian and Udmurtian). Four sheep populations from the central Volga region were genotyped for 20 microsatellites and compared with geographically proximate breeds (Estonian Whitehead and Blackhead, the Finnsheep and an exported and a native population of Russian Romanov) and with local populations in Estonia, Finland and Russian Karelia. keywords: c e; e n; local; n c; populations; romanov; russian; sheep cache: afs-5868.pdf plain text: afs-5868.txt item: #381 of 872 id: afs-5869 author: Nina F. Schulman title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 170-176 date: 2007-10-02 words: 4321 flesch: 69 summary: Udder trait QTL in Finnish Ayrshire 172 A Udder trait QTL in Finnish Ayrshire 172 A keywords: breeding; conformation; dairy; loci; qtl; traits; udder cache: afs-5869.pdf plain text: afs-5869.txt item: #382 of 872 id: afs-5870 author: Marja-Liisa Sevón-Aimonen title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 89-102 date: 2007-10-02 words: 9256 flesch: 76 summary: Genetic parameters of pig meat quality traits in a halothane negative population. Heritability for redness values was considerably higher than heritability for other meat quality traits. keywords: c e; drip; e n; loss; meat; muscles; n c; phu; quality; slaughter; traits cache: afs-5870.pdf plain text: afs-5870.txt item: #383 of 872 id: afs-5871 author: Martin Lidauer title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 103-114 date: 2007-10-02 words: 10295 flesch: 72 summary: or r t d p = ∑ 6 ( ) 1 ( ) ,Lr op r r t d w = ∑ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5 1 6 6 6 6 1 1 6 1 , Lijklmnopq Li Lj Lkl Lmk Lmr LmklLr r o r o rLr Lr r r opr LijklmnopLr r y CAP DCCP YM HY d CYSP htd s d a t d p t d w e = + + = = = = + f or fi rs t l ac ta tio n m ilk (M F) , p ro te in (P F) a nd fa t ( F F ), an d la te r l ac ta tio ns ’ m ilk (M L ), pr ot ei n (P L ) a nd fa t ( F L ), fo r r an do m h er d × te st -d ay a nd ra nd om re si du al e ff ec ts u se d in th e te st -d ay m od el . keywords: bias; model cache: afs-5871.pdf plain text: afs-5871.txt item: #384 of 872 id: afs-5872 author: Marja-Leena Puntila title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 124-135 date: 2007-10-02 words: 7683 flesch: 71 summary: I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 124-135 125 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received January 2007 Genetic parameters for wool traits in Finnsheep lambs Marja-Leena Puntila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: marja-leena.puntila@surffi.net Katariina Mäki Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Anne Nylander and Onerva Rintala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Genetic parameters were estimated for wool characteristics of white and coloured Finnsheep. Wool traits included fleece uniformity, density, staple formation, lustre, crimp frequency, fineness grade and staple length. keywords: animal; c e; data; e n; effects; fibre; finnsheep; fleece; lambs; n c; traits; weight; wool cache: afs-5872.pdf plain text: afs-5872.txt item: #385 of 872 id: afs-5873 author: Jussi Peura title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 136-146 date: 2007-10-02 words: 6068 flesch: 69 summary: Consequently, average PS has increased considerably during the last 10–15 years. Genetic correlations between PS and LS1 and LS2 were unfavorable (Table 5). keywords: afi; c e; fin; litter; n c; size cache: afs-5873.pdf plain text: afs-5873.txt item: #386 of 872 id: afs-5874 author: Ismo Strandén and Jussi Peura title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 147-156 date: 2007-10-02 words: 5615 flesch: 63 summary: Average inbreeding coefficients on these farms were then contrasted with those in the whole popu- lation. Inbreeding and relationships Increase in average inbreeding coefficient was moderate or even low in the groups of all and breed- ing animals (Table 2). keywords: animals; average; c e; coefficient; farms; inbreeding; n c; relationship cache: afs-5874.pdf plain text: afs-5874.txt item: #387 of 872 id: afs-5875 author: Mervi Honkatukia title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 177-187 date: 2007-10-02 words: 7152 flesch: 69 summary: The locations of body weight QTL with mater- nal expression on GGA1 for BW16, BW20, BW24 co-located with the QTL for BW40 observed pre- viously (Tuiskula-Haavisto et al. 2004). I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 177-187 185 In the following we discuss our new results on body weight QTL with parent-of-origin ef- fects, with special emphasis on the co-location of the observed parent-of-origin effects, clustering of chicken orthologues of mammalian imprinted genes and asynchronously replicating regions in chicken. keywords: body; c e; chromosome; e n; et al; n c; qtl; weeks; weight cache: afs-5875.pdf plain text: afs-5875.txt item: #388 of 872 id: afs-5876 author: Asko Mäki-Tanila title: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 188-198 date: 2007-10-02 words: 7803 flesch: 55 summary: I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 188-198 189 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received May 2007 An overview on quantitative and genomic tools for utilising dominance genetic variation in improving animal production Asko Mäki-Tanila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: asko.maki-tanila@mtt.fi These are both caused mainly by dominance genetic variation which can be quantified using mixed model methodology. keywords: c e; dominance; e n; effects; genetics; inbreeding; mäki; n c; populations; selection; tanila; variation cache: afs-5876.pdf plain text: afs-5876.txt item: #389 of 872 id: afs-5877 author: Asko Mäki-Tanila title: Foreword date: 2007-11-13 words: 1239 flesch: 55 summary: Kalle’s father in science is Ivar Johansson, professor of animal breeding in Uppsala in 1933-58. We at animal breeding and genetics research of MTT felt it appropriate to celebrate Kalle’s 80th birth- day by bringing together a set of papers from his former colleagues and junior scientists in the field. keywords: animal; breeding; kalle; research cache: afs-5877.pdf plain text: afs-5877.txt item: #390 of 872 id: afs-5878 author: Arto Huuskonen, Hannele Khalili, Erkki Joki-Tokola title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 16 (2007): 232-244 date: 2007-12-21 words: 8863 flesch: 68 summary: At stage 2 (450 kg live weight to slaughter) the concentrate in BF25 included barley grain (750 g kg–1 DM) and barley fibre (250), in BF50 barley grain (500), barley fibre (500) and in BF75 barley grain (250), barley fibre (750). At stage 2 (450 kg live weight to slaughter) the concentrate in BF25 included barley grain (750 g kg–1 DM) and barley fibre (250), in BF50 barley grain (500), barley fibre (500) and in BF75 barley grain (250), barley fibre (750). keywords: barley; barley grain; bulls; c e; diet; fibre; grain; kg–1; n c cache: afs-5878.pdf plain text: afs-5878.txt item: #391 of 872 id: afs-5879 author: Ivi Jõudu, Merike Henno, Sirje Värv, Tanel Kaart, Olav Kärt, Käde Kalamees title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 16 (2007): 222-231 date: 2007-12-21 words: 6472 flesch: 63 summary: Milk protein genotypes and milk coagulation properties of EN cattle Milk protein genotypes and milk coagulation properties of EN cattle keywords: c e; coagulation; milk; n c; properties cache: afs-5879.pdf plain text: afs-5879.txt item: #392 of 872 id: afs-5881 author: Kirsi Partanen, Hilkka Siljander-Rasi, Markku Honkavaara, Marita Ruusunen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 16 (2007): 245-258 date: 2007-12-21 words: 8784 flesch: 68 summary: Finishing diet Control diet Fibrous diet Probability Fasting time 25 h 41 h 25 h 41 h SEM Diet The effects of the carbohydrate composition of finishing diet (fed from 80 to 107 kg of body weight) and the length of pre-slaughter fasting on pork quality were studied in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with 80 crossbred pigs. keywords: c e; control; diet; e n; et al; fasting; finishing; meat; muscle; n c; pigs; pork; quality; slaughter cache: afs-5881.pdf plain text: afs-5881.txt item: #393 of 872 id: afs-5882 author: Elli Pärna, Heli Kiiman, Mirjam Vallas, Haldja Viinalass, Olev Saveli, Kalev Pärna title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 16 (2007): 212-221 date: 2007-12-21 words: 6158 flesch: 64 summary: The economic weights for milk production traits and functional traits were expressed per unit change of each trait and also per standard female unit (one cow place occupied during an entire year). The general approach when deriving eco- nomic values for milk production traits in a quota situation has been to reduce the number of cows at the farm (Gibson 1989, Groen 1989, Vargas et al 2002). keywords: breeding; c e; e n; milk; n c; production; traits cache: afs-5882.pdf plain text: afs-5882.txt item: #394 of 872 id: afs-5883 author: Kimmo Rasa, Rainer Horn, Mari Räty, Markku Yli-Halla, Liisa Pietola title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 16 (2007): 267-277 date: 2007-12-21 words: 7011 flesch: 68 summary: These results show that soil WR also reduces water infiltration at the prevalent field moisture regime in the soils of boreal climate. However, snow cover during the winter (around 75 days), the wet spring and autumn periods and rather dry periods in sum- mer suggest high fluctuations on soil WR. keywords: c e; clay; e n; finland; n c; sand; soil; water cache: afs-5883.pdf plain text: afs-5883.txt item: #395 of 872 id: afs-5884 author: Marita Ruusunen, Eero Puolanne, Kirsi Partanen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 16 (2007): 259-266 date: 2007-12-21 words: 5213 flesch: 74 summary: The cross sectional area of muscle fibres in M. longissimus dorsi (P < 0.05), M. semimembranosus (P < 0.10), and M. gluteus superficialis (P < 0.05) was larger in those pigs with low birth weight compared to those found in pigs with high birth weight. Therefore, for pigs with about the same carcass leanness and live weight at slaughter, the cross- sectional area of muscle fibres should be larger in those pigs with low birth weight than in those with high birth weight. keywords: area; birth; heart; muscle; pigs; weight cache: afs-5884.pdf plain text: afs-5884.txt item: #396 of 872 id: afs-5885 author: Eila Turtola title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 16 (2007): 279-281 date: 2008-03-11 words: 1456 flesch: 47 summary: Although the decrease in the bal- ance values indicates a decreased potential for nutrient losses to the environment, the actual trend in the losses also depends on many other factors, such as changes in the proportion of annual and perennial crops, changes with time in the content of soil organic matter and in soil structure, and fluctuations in climatic conditions. There have been only minor efforts in AEP to promote improvement of soil structure or proper drainage of fields. keywords: finnish; production cache: afs-5885.pdf plain text: afs-5885.txt item: #397 of 872 id: afs-5886 author: Petri Ekholm title: Agricultural and food science, vol. 16 (2007): 282-300 date: 2008-03-11 words: 10713 flesch: 60 summary: Agricultural lakes n = 57 Non-agricultural lakes n = 88 TP 49 μg l-1 TN 760 μg l-1 N:P 22 Chl-a 26 μg l-1 Secchi 1.4 m TP 30 μg l-1 TN 613 μg l-1 N:P 29 Chl-a 18 μg l-1 2.3 m 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Slight blooms Very abundant blooms Abundant blooms depth Secchi depth Bloom index Vol. 16 (2007): Agricultural lakes in Finland – Current water quality and trends. keywords: 2005; 2007; agriculture; catchments; data; environmental; et al; finland; lakes; losses; n c; nutrient; period; rivers; runoff; surface; total; trends; water cache: afs-5886.pdf plain text: afs-5886.txt item: #398 of 872 id: afs-5887 author: Risto Uusitalo title: Agricultural and food science, vol. 16 (2007): 199-211 date: 2008-03-11 words: 28 flesch: 18 summary: Agricultural and food science, vol. 16 (2007): 199-211 Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus Introduction Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS keywords: selostus cache: afs-5887.pdf plain text: afs-5887.txt item: #399 of 872 id: afs-5888 author: Risto Uusitalo title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 16(2007): 317-331 date: 2008-03-11 words: 37 flesch: 18 summary: 16(2007): 317-331 Accumulation and translocation of sp aringly soluble manure phosphorus in different types of soils after long-term excessive inputs Introduction Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Agricultural and Food Science, vol. keywords: selostus cache: afs-5888.pdf plain text: afs-5888.txt item: #400 of 872 id: afs-5889 author: Eila Turtola title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 16(2007):332-351 date: 2008-03-11 words: 32 flesch: 34 summary: 16(2007):332-351 Surface runoff, subsurface drainflow and soil erosion as affected by tillage in a clayey Finnish soil Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Agricultural and Food Science, vol. keywords: soil cache: afs-5889.pdf plain text: afs-5889.txt item: #401 of 872 id: afs-5890 author: Risto Uusitalo title: Agricultural and Food Sience, vol. 16 (2007): 352-365 date: 2008-03-11 words: 31 flesch: 30 summary: 16 (2007): 352-365 Phosphorus losses from a subdrained clayey soil as affected by cultivation practices Introduction Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Agricultural and Food Sience, vol. keywords: vol cache: afs-5890.pdf plain text: afs-5890.txt item: #402 of 872 id: afs-5891 author: Tapio Salo title: Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, vol. 16 (2007): 366-375 date: 2008-03-10 words: 6808 flesch: 67 summary: In addition to national N balances, calculation of N balances for different agricultural regions is also recommended. The information represented by N balances is needed to analyse the interactions between agriculture and the environment and to evaluate the impact of changes in agricultural policy on the environment. keywords: 2000; agriculture; balance; centres; finland; finnish; ha–1; manure; n balance; national; net; nitrogen; production cache: afs-5891.pdf plain text: afs-5891.txt item: #403 of 872 id: afs-5892 author: Kirsti Granlund title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 16(2007): 376-386 date: 2008-03-11 words: 29 flesch: 5 summary: 16(2007): 376-386 The effect of decreasing fertilization on agricultural nitrogen leaching: a model study Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Agricultural and Food Science, vol. keywords: selostus cache: afs-5892.pdf plain text: afs-5892.txt item: #404 of 872 id: afs-5893 author: Katri Rankinen title: Agricultural and food Science in Finland, vol. 16 (2007): 387-406 date: 2008-03-10 words: 10815 flesch: 61 summary: N balance N leaching N uptake Precipitation N mineralization rate N fertilization N balance 1.000 0.088 0.050 –0.097 –0.285** 0.715** N leaching 0.088 1.000 0.110 0.328** 0.041 The results are presented as field N balance, however, because thus they are comparable to existing statistical and field scale information. keywords: balance; cereal; crop; farm; fertilization; field; ha–1yr–1; inorganic; kg n; leaching; manure; n balance; n c; n ha–1; nitrogen; pig; production; simulated; soil; uptake cache: afs-5893.pdf plain text: afs-5893.txt item: #405 of 872 id: afs-5894 author: Tapio Salo title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 16(2007): 407-420 date: 2008-03-10 words: 7922 flesch: 71 summary: Reduced fertiliser use and changes in cereal grain weight, test weight and protein content in Finland in 1990–2005 Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS The distribution of P fertiliser application rates was skewed and logarithmic transformation was done to normalise the data. keywords: 1990–1994; application; barley; fertiliser; grain; spring; weight; wheat; winter cache: afs-5894.pdf plain text: afs-5894.txt item: #406 of 872 id: afs-5895 author: Heikki Lehtonen title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 16 (2007): 421-440 date: 2008-03-10 words: 12035 flesch: 53 summary: Environmental performance of agri-environmental policy measures may be significantly reduced, if they are implemented jointly with production coupled income support policies. Keeping national supports production linked but paying agri-environmental support only if nutrient surpluses are clearly reduced (BAL), is a policy alternative that would be the most effective in decreasing overall N surplus, but relatively less effective in reducing P surplus than full decou- pling of national supports. keywords: 2005; agri; base; cap; decoupling; farm; finland; income; level; measures; milk; model; national; nutrient; payments; policy; production; scenario; support; surpluses; tax cache: afs-5895.pdf plain text: afs-5895.txt item: #407 of 872 id: afs-5897 author: Ayele Gelan and Gerald Schwarz title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 17 (2008): 3-17 date: 2008-04-15 words: 10266 flesch: 53 summary: I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 3-17. 17 Since these commodity groups constitute a large proportion of LFA farm outputs, these farm types have shown larger activity declines than non-LFA farm types. Whilst the last two are classified as LFA farm types, the first three are classified as non-LFA farms. keywords: agricultural; c e; cap; commodity; decoupling; e n; farm; impacts; l t; lfa; n c; output; payments; policy; scottish cache: afs-5897.pdf plain text: afs-5897.txt item: #408 of 872 id: afs-5898 author: Timo Mattila title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 18-30 date: 2008-04-15 words: 8400 flesch: 60 summary: This study confirmed that models devel- oped for industrial buying behaviour are valuable tools also for studying farm processes. Suolahti, Finland email: timo.mattila@valtra.com Marja Manninen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, present address: ProAgria Farma, Artturinkatu 2, FI-20200 Turku, Finland Pasi Rikkonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen University of Helsinki, Department of Agrotechnology, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Structural change in agriculture means a continuous need for investing in farm production. keywords: c e; e n; farmers; farms; information; investment; l t; n c; process; production cache: afs-5898.pdf plain text: afs-5898.txt item: #409 of 872 id: afs-5899 author: Nikolay Vasiliev title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 31-40 date: 2008-04-15 words: 6240 flesch: 59 summary: Gorton and Davidova (2004) suggest two explana- tions for the variations in farm efficiency: (i) the internal structure and agency factors and (ii) the inter-organisational arrangements. Thiele and Brodersen (1999) discovered that the variance of farm efficiencies was higher in the former East Germany than in West Germany in 1995–1997 and argued that this was due to the greater inconsist- ency of management skills in the east during the transition period. keywords: c e; efficiency; estonian; farms; grain; n c; scale cache: afs-5899.pdf plain text: afs-5899.txt item: #410 of 872 id: afs-5900 author: Jaakko Mononen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 41-52 date: 2008-04-15 words: 7866 flesch: 67 summary: Instead, we found that the juvenile mink housed with swimming baths had less stereotypies than those housed without baths, indicating that the baths may have alleviated frustration. I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 41-52. 41 Water baths for farmed mink: intra-individual consistency and inter-individual variation in swimming behaviour, and effects on stereotyped behaviour Jaakko Mononen, Maarit Mohaibes, Sakari Savolainen and Leena Ahola University of Kuopio, Department of Biosciences, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland e-mail: jaakko.mononen@uku.fi Swimming behaviour and effects of water baths on stereotyped behaviour in farmed mink (Mustela vison) were studied in three experiments. keywords: bath; behaviour; c e; day; e n; mink; n c; swimming; time; water cache: afs-5900.pdf plain text: afs-5900.txt item: #411 of 872 id: afs-5901 author: Aivar Leito title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 53-62 date: 2008-04-21 words: 5812 flesch: 69 summary: The Eurasian Crane breeding populations and the numbers of autumn staging cranes increased simultaneously up to the 1980s; after that the rise in staging crane numbers stopped, although the breeding population has continued to grow up to the present day (Leito et al. 2003, 2006). We found that great changes in cropping area, as well as in crane numbers have taken place in Estonia since the 1960s. keywords: area; c e; cranes; estonia; n c; numbers; staging cache: afs-5901.pdf plain text: afs-5901.txt item: #412 of 872 id: afs-5902 author: Lauri Jauhiainen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 63-72 date: 2008-04-16 words: 5911 flesch: 67 summary: Differences between cultivars were analysed using the following traditional mixed model for incomplete block design: yijk= µ + rj + bk(rj ) Table 2: Parameter estimates for the spatial mixed model and effectiveness of the model compared to the analysis based on incomplete block designs. keywords: analysis; block; c e; designs; e n; n c; sizes; trials; variety cache: afs-5902.pdf plain text: afs-5902.txt item: #413 of 872 id: afs-5903 author: Arja Nykänen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 63-72 date: 2008-04-16 words: 9817 flesch: 71 summary: Several studies have already defined some of the factors that may influence residual N effect of leys. In cases of high N in the incorporated bio- mass, there is no accumulation phase. keywords: c e; clover; e n; juva; ley; leys; mietoinen; n c; nitrogen; oats; rye; soil; spring; trial; wheat; yields cache: afs-5903.pdf plain text: afs-5903.txt item: #414 of 872 id: afs-5904 author: Mauritz Vestberg title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 88-101 date: 2008-04-16 words: 9172 flesch: 71 summary: Cropping system impact on strawberry fruit yield 90 Cropping system impact on strawberry fruit yield 90 keywords: c e; cropping; e n; fruit; n c; n s; organic; peat; s f; soil; strawberry; system; yield cache: afs-5904.pdf plain text: afs-5904.txt item: #415 of 872 id: afs-5905 author: Tarja Hietaranta and Päivi Parikka title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 127-145 date: 2008-07-11 words: 4200 flesch: 74 summary: In addition, there was no difference in oc- currence of powdery mildew infected fruits (data not shown). Key-words: breeding, Fragaria × ananassa, fruit firmness, powdery mildew resistance, crown rot resistance Introduction Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is the most im- portant cultivated soft fruit in Finland, and almost all of the production is for the fresh market. keywords: c e; fruit; jonsok; polka; strawberry; suvetar; valotar cache: afs-5905.pdf plain text: afs-5905.txt item: #416 of 872 id: afs-5906 author: Arto Huuskonen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 109-120 date: 2008-07-11 words: 8273 flesch: 68 summary: Albeit the LWG of the bulls fed BPWDS diet tended to be higher compared with the bulls fed C diet, none of the protein sup- plements had any significant effect on carcass gain or feed conversion in the present experiment. Rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in grow- ing heifers fed grass silage diets with or without con- centrate supplementation. keywords: animal; barley; bpwds; bulls; c diet; c e; diet; grass; n c; protein; silage cache: afs-5906.pdf plain text: afs-5906.txt item: #417 of 872 id: afs-5907 author: Paula Martiskainen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 121-126 date: 2008-07-11 words: 3585 flesch: 70 summary: Dairy bull calves were used in the current experiment, but the results are likely to be applica- ble to other cattle, e.g. dairy heifers that are trained to electric fences or turned out to pasture for the first time. 121 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2007 Research Note Training dairy bull calves to stay within light-built electric fences Paula Martiskainen University of Kuopio, Department of Biosciences, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland, e-mail: paula.martiskainen@uku.fi Leena Tuomisto, Arto Huuskonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-92400 Ruukki, Finland Jaakko Mononen University of Kuopio, Department of Biosciences, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland Training cattle to avoid electric fences before turnout to grazing reduces the risk of the animals breaking out from their paddock. keywords: animals; c e; calves; dairy; fence; n c; shocks; training cache: afs-5907.pdf plain text: afs-5907.txt item: #418 of 872 id: afs-5908 author: Helmi Risku-Norja title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 127-145 date: 2008-07-11 words: 12522 flesch: 65 summary: Organic farming for local food production resulted in higher greenhouse gas emissions. Key-words: food production, food consumption, conventional and organic local production, dietary changes, production potential, environmental impacts A keywords: 2003; 2005; agriculture; animal; area; c e; consumption; diet; e n; emissions; et al; farmland; finland; food; food consumption; food production; impacts; l t; n c; option; organic; production; vegetarian cache: afs-5908.pdf plain text: afs-5908.txt item: #419 of 872 id: afs-5909 author: Liina Edesi title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 153-164 date: 2008-07-11 words: 7120 flesch: 74 summary: Results Field survey The field survey on Estonian arable land affected by C. arvense, which have been abandoned for four years and than re-cultivated, revealed the loosen- ing effect of C. arvense roots on compacted soil. The results in the field experiment confirm the hypothesis that C. arvense roots are able to penetrate and loosen compacted soil. keywords: arvense; barley; c e; cirsium; density; e n; n c; soil cache: afs-5909.pdf plain text: afs-5909.txt item: #420 of 872 id: afs-5910 author: Timo Kaukoranta and Kaija Hakala title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 165-176 date: 2008-07-14 words: 6723 flesch: 71 summary: Earlier sowing detected in the west can be explained by changes in spring temperatures, but may also result from economic and technological development. Farmers seem to have adequately adjusted their field activities to the changes in spring temperatures. keywords: c e; days; e n; n c; sowing; spring cache: afs-5910.pdf plain text: afs-5910.txt item: #421 of 872 id: afs-5911 author: Roghieh Hajiboland and Leila Amjad title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 165-176 date: 2008-07-11 words: 8481 flesch: 70 summary: A significant growth improvement was ob- served at Se concentration of 5 and 10 µM when plants were supplied with 0.25 and 0.5 mM S, and at Se concentration of 15 and 20 µM when plants were supplied with 0.5 and 1.0 mM S. The highest growth improvement was observed in cabbage with up to 59% increase in shoot DW and 55% in leaf area. S and Se concentration of shoot and roots Shoot and root concentration of S was not drasti- cally affected by Se addition. keywords: alfalfa; brassica; c e; cabbage; e n; n c; plants; root; selenium; uptake cache: afs-5911.pdf plain text: afs-5911.txt item: #422 of 872 id: afs-5912 author: Jukka Kola title: Agricultural and Food Science 17 (2008) 191-192 date: 2008-10-09 words: 1204 flesch: 52 summary: Simojoki et al. analyse the intensification of mechanical agriculture and its impacts on soil quality in their study of macro- and micro-scale gaseous diffusion in a Stagnic Luvisol as affected by compaction and reduced tillage. On the other hand, while we are battling the food crisis, high prices, malnutrition, and poverty on our planet, we must also deal with the problems of obesity, eating disorders, and other food-related health prob- lems, including especially food safety in general. keywords: agriculture; faculty; food; forestry cache: afs-5912.pdf plain text: afs-5912.txt item: #423 of 872 id: afs-5913 author: Markku Ollikainen, Jussi Lankoski and Sami Nuutinen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 193–209. date: 2008-10-09 words: 10092 flesch: 58 summary: An investiga- tion of policy administrative costs using panel data for the English Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Framework and overview of policy measures In this section, we describe the conceptual frame- work for identifying relevant elements of PRTCs and present some typical hypotheses that affect the size of the costs. keywords: agri; c e; costs; e n; measures; n c; policies; policy; prtcs; support; transaction cache: afs-5913.pdf plain text: afs-5913.txt item: #424 of 872 id: afs-5914 author: Jenni Määttä, Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen, Maarit Hellstedt, Riitta Mahlberg, Risto title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 210–226. date: 2008-10-09 words: 10191 flesch: 65 summary: However, when evaluating surface materials used in animal houses it should be remembered that surfaces which are too smooth may be slippery for animals and personnel, and cause injuries. Qualitative SEM micrographs of different types of surface materials are presented in Fig. 4 and 5. keywords: atp; c e; cleanability; cleaning; concrete; e n; et al; feed; l t; manure; materials; method; model; n c; radiochemical; soil; surface cache: afs-5914.pdf plain text: afs-5914.txt item: #425 of 872 id: afs-5915 author: Risto Kuisma, Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen, Maarit Hellstedt, Pekka Jauhiainen, Jenni Määttä, title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 227–239. date: 2008-10-09 words: 7210 flesch: 69 summary: The codes of surface materials are given in Table 3. g) Concrete, oil-based SE biomassa (Co6) Fig. 4b. The codes of surface materials are given in Table 3. keywords: c e; cattle; coating; concrete; e n; materials; n c; study; surface; table cache: afs-5915.pdf plain text: afs-5915.txt item: #426 of 872 id: afs-5916 author: Hanna L. Tuomisto ja Juha Helenius title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 240–251. date: 2008-10-09 words: 7073 flesch: 64 summary: Another benefit of biogas production is that wide ranged organic materials, including manure, crops, weeds, sewage sludge and industrial and municipal biowaste, can be used as raw material. Biogas production can also improve the econ- omy and efficiency of organic crop farms. keywords: biogas; c e; e n; emissions; energy; ghg; heat; input; l t; n c; production; yield cache: afs-5916.pdf plain text: afs-5916.txt item: #427 of 872 id: afs-5917 author: Asko Simojoki, Orsolya Becker-Fazekas ja Rainer Horn title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 252–264. date: 2008-10-09 words: 8708 flesch: 63 summary: The coefficient of determination R 2. Table 1. Parameters of water retention curves for soil samples as related to the experimental treatments and soil depth. Before starting the macrodiffusivity measure- ment, the microdiffusivity of O2 in soil was deter- mined for each sample from the rate of attenuation with soil depth of the periodic fluctuation of O2 concentration applied at the surface after Rappoldt (1995). keywords: air; c e; compaction; data; diffusion; diffusivity; e n; gas; l t; n c; samples; soil; tillage; water cache: afs-5917.pdf plain text: afs-5917.txt item: #428 of 872 id: afs-5918 author: Soinne Helena, Saarijärvi Kirsi, Karppinen Minna ja Hartikainen Helinä title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 265–277. date: 2008-10-09 words: 7840 flesch: 70 summary: When the effect of urine on soil P was meas- ured, the two P tests gave dissimilar outcomes. Urine additions immediately increased soil pH and MRPw, but no such response was observed in PAc extraction due to the low pH (4.65) of the extractant enhancing the resorption of P. The PAc responded to the dung- induced increase in soil total P similarly as did Pw, which suggests that both tests can serve to detect areas of high P concentration. keywords: c e; control; dung; e n; n c; pac; pasture; samples; soil; tests; urine cache: afs-5918.pdf plain text: afs-5918.txt item: #429 of 872 id: afs-5919 author: Marja Turakainen, Helinä Hartikainen, Tytti Sarjala ja Mervi M. Seppänen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 278–288. date: 2008-10-09 words: 6677 flesch: 69 summary: I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 278–288. 279 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received June 2007 Impact of selenium enrichment on seed potato tubers Marja Turakainen1*, Helinä Hartikainen2, Tytti Sarjala3 and Mervi M. Seppänen1 1Department of Applied Biology, PO Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Impact of selenium enrichment on seed potato tubers 280 A G R I C keywords: c e; e n; growth; months; n c; plant; potato; seed; seed tubers; selenium; storage; tubers cache: afs-5919.pdf plain text: afs-5919.txt item: #430 of 872 id: afs-5920 author: Pirjo Mäkelä, Susanna Muurinen ja Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 289–306. date: 2008-10-09 words: 13986 flesch: 67 summary: On the other hand, Slafer and Savin (1994) demonstrated a sink limitation of wheat yield. Despite the decrease in photosynthesis and in grain sucrose content, wheat grains continue to accumulate dry matter (Ahmadi and Baker 2001). keywords: barley; c e; cereals; crop; cultivars; dry; e n; efficiency; et al; grain; growth; journal; n c; nitrogen; number; oat; plant; research; richards; science; spring; tillers; use; water; wheat; yield cache: afs-5920.pdf plain text: afs-5920.txt item: #431 of 872 id: afs-5921 author: Paula Elomaa, Jussi J. Joensuu, Helena Korpelainen, Kristiina Mäkinen, Viola Niklander-Teeri, Minna title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 307–324. date: 2008-10-09 words: 13371 flesch: 56 summary: A novel gene family in moss (Physcomitrella patens) shows sequence homol- ogy and a phylogenetic relationship with the TIR-NBS class of plant disease resistance genes. Development of SCAR markers to the PVY resistance gene Ryadg based on a common feature of plant disease resistance genes. keywords: 2006; biotechnology; c e; dab; development; e n; elomaa; et al; gene; gerbera; j.p.t; molecular; n c; p. et; plant; plant biotechnology; potato; production; protein; research; resistance; species; studies; t.h; teeri; valkonen; virus cache: afs-5921.pdf plain text: afs-5921.txt item: #432 of 872 id: afs-5922 author: Elena Autio, Ulla Sihto1, Jaakko Mononen and Minna-Liisa Heiskanen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 338-350 date: 2008-12-19 words: 8503 flesch: 70 summary: I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 338–350. 339 information relating to the nutrition and feeding management of growing horses in a cold environ- ment has grown with the popularity of cold loose housing in northern countries. Average daily digestible en- ergy (DE) intakes were 33 % higher than mainte- nance energy requirement in growing horses housed outdoors in Canadian winter weather (Cymbaluk and Christison 1989a), and were increased by more than 50 % in horses in severely cold conditions (< –25 ºC) (Cymbaluk and Christison 1990). keywords: c e; d-1; e n; energy; horses; intake; n c; study cache: afs-5922.pdf plain text: afs-5922.txt item: #433 of 872 id: afs-5923 author: Helena Hansson title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 325-337 date: 2008-12-19 words: 8677 flesch: 65 summary: Nevertheless, the effect of farm size on dairy farm efficiency is not clear, and consequently it is unsure whether the out- come of a farm enlargement will be a more efficient farm. The paper concludes by suggesting that farm efficiency can be increased both by focusing on increasing the knowledge about how inputs can be more optimally combined and by growth of the farms. keywords: c e; dairy; economic; efficiency; farms; n c; scale; size cache: afs-5923.pdf plain text: afs-5923.txt item: #434 of 872 id: afs-5924 author: Robert Klewicki and Małgorzata Uczciwek title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 367-375 date: 2008-12-19 words: 5013 flesch: 66 summary: Thus, replacing sucrose with fructooligosaccharides in osmotic solutions may be beneficial to human health. I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 367–375. 367 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received March 2007 Effect of osmotic dehydration in fructose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharide solutions on the content of saccharides in plums and apples and their energy value Robert Klewicki* and Małgorzata Uczciwek Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, 4/10 Stefanowskiego Street, Poland, *e-mail: robertkl@p.lodz.pl Plums (Najbolia and Stanley) and apples (Idared) were subjected to osmotic dehydration in 50% solutions of fructose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) at 22, 40 and 60 °C for 24 hours. keywords: content; sucrose cache: afs-5924.pdf plain text: afs-5924.txt item: #435 of 872 id: afs-5925 author: Paul Riesinger and Irina Herzon title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 394-412 date: 2008-12-19 words: 11562 flesch: 67 summary: Herbage produc- tion was positively related with clover proportion. However, herbage production and clover proportions have been found to fluctuate markedly on spatial, intra-annual, and inter-annual scales (Jørgensen et al. 1994, Mela 2003, Herrmann et al. 2005). keywords: c e; clover; cut; e n; growth; herbage; herbage production; l t; leys; n c; production; proportion; soil; year cache: afs-5925.pdf plain text: afs-5925.txt item: #436 of 872 id: afs-5926 author: Ludmila Křížová, Jiří Třináctý1, Michal Richter, Sylvie Hadrová and Jan Pozdíšek title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 351-359 date: 2008-12-18 words: 5317 flesch: 66 summary: Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: ef- fects on animal performance, milk protein yield, and physiological measures. I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 351–359. 357 Discussion The response to feeding protected AA reported in the literature is variable depending on the source of protein in the basal diet. keywords: cows; dairy; leu; milk; n c cache: afs-5926.pdf plain text: afs-5926.txt item: #437 of 872 id: afs-5928 author: Marek Sammul, Kaili Kattai, Kaire Lanno, Vivika Meltsov, Merit Otsus, Liggi Nõuakas, Dora Kukk, title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2007): 413-429 date: 2008-12-19 words: 10649 flesch: 64 summary: I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 413–429. 413 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received March 2007 Wooded meadows of Estonia: conservation efforts for a traditional habitat Marek Sammul*, Kaili Kattai, Kaire Lanno, Vivika Meltsov, Merit Otsus, Liggi Nõuakas, Dora Kukk, Meeli Mesipuu, Silja Kana and Toomas Kukk Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51014, Estonia, *e-mail: marek.sammul@emu.ee We provide an overview of the amount and ecological condition of wooded meadows throughout Estonia after significant changes in agriculture in the second part of 20th century. Wooded meadows of Estonia: conservation efforts for a traditional habitat Introduction Material and methods Study area Data on wooded meadows Information on economic support for wooded meadow management Data analysis Results Distribution of wooded meadows of Estonia Discussion Dynamics and current distribution of wooded meadows Ecological conditions of Estonia’s wooded meadows Conservation of wooded meadows Conclusions References keywords: area; c e; conservation; e n; estonia; l t; meadows; n c; species; value; wooded cache: afs-5928.pdf plain text: afs-5928.txt item: #438 of 872 id: afs-5929 author: Mansour Rezaei, Samaneh Dehghani, Janali Ghaffari, and Alizera Haghnazar title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 360-366 date: 2008-12-18 words: 4483 flesch: 64 summary: In this study, feeding supplemental carnitine had not significant effect on egg shell thickness, and egg shell breaking strength (Table 4). (2005) reported that the feeding of supplemental carnitine to laying quails had not significant effect on egg-shell thickness, shell per- centage, yolk and albumen percentage. keywords: carnitine; effect; egg; et al; fat; hens; supplemental cache: afs-5929.pdf plain text: afs-5929.txt item: #439 of 872 id: afs-5930 author: Vladislav Valentinov title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 3-15 date: 2009-04-07 words: 9372 flesch: 50 summary: The proposed transaction cost explanation of rural third sector organizations consists of two arguments: 1) third sector organizations embody partial reliance on self-sufficiency; and 2) rural areas exhibit rurality-specific transaction cost acting as a constraint on the division of labor and thus creating a niche for third sector organizations. Second, since this essay is particularly concerned with rural TSOs, it will be necessary to examine the relationship between rurality and the rationale for TSOs in the alternative framework to be proposed. keywords: c e; cost; e n; n c; sector; self; sufficiency; theory; transaction; transaction cost; tsos cache: afs-5930.pdf plain text: afs-5930.txt item: #440 of 872 id: afs-59307 author: None title: afs-59307 date: 2017-04-25 words: 5769 flesch: 65 summary: Then x was P uptake per hour in DGT and y was plant P uptake. Regression coefficients prediction of biomass and P uptake for calculation of mineral fertiliser equivalent (MFE), and prediction of plant P uptake based on DGT uptake y 0 a b r2 p Biomass High pH 14.23 41.56 2.29 0.969 <0.0001 Low pH 8.74 58.61 1.37 0.979 <0.0001 P-uptake High pH 0.0615 0.0093 0.984 <0.0001 Low pH 0.0584 0.0061 0.969 <0.0001 P-uptake vs. DGT All 13.36 42.04 1.07 0.523 0.0039 High pH 8.65 22.09 27.74 0.290 0.3581 Low pH 5.71 45.89 1.93 0.736 0.0183 A G R I C keywords: availability; dgt; high; organic; phosphorus; plant; results; soil; uptake; waste cache: afs-59307.pdf plain text: afs-59307.txt item: #441 of 872 id: afs-59308 author: None title: afs-59308 date: 2017-05-18 words: 8691 flesch: 62 summary: Chemical properties of control soil (podzolic soil-PS), sewage sludge (SL) and biochar (BC) used in the experiment (mean, ± SD, n = 3) Parameters and elements PS SL BC dry matter (%) – 55 90 pH (in 1M KCl) Challenges coming from enhanced recycling and efforts to increase agricultural productivity result in attempts to use various mineral and organic wastes to fertilize plants and to improve soil properties. keywords: antioxidant; application; biochar; content; control; et al; grain; ha−1; metals; soil; total; wheat; yield cache: afs-59308.pdf plain text: afs-59308.txt item: #442 of 872 id: afs-5931 author: Arto Huuskonen, Leena Tuomisto, Erkki Joki-Tokola, Risto Kauppinen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 16-26 date: 2009-04-07 words: 7295 flesch: 67 summary: There is only little knowledge of the effect of different housing environments on the performance of growing bulls under climatic conditions like in Northern Finland. Performance of growing bulls under different housing conditions keywords: animal; bulls; c e; carcass; e n; energy; finland; housing; kg-1; n c; performance; science cache: afs-5931.pdf plain text: afs-5931.txt item: #443 of 872 id: afs-59314 author: None title: afs-59314 date: 2016-12-31 words: 3878 flesch: 68 summary: All studied horse dung samples emitted both HONO and NO, but only F and Y samples emitted N 2 O. Storage time of dung increased clearly the emissions of NO and HONO and there was a clear statistical difference between F, M and Y samples (Fig. 1). Thus, gaseous N emissions from the horse dung can be linked with both physio-chemical (Su et al. 2011, Heil et al. 2016) and microbial processes (Oswald et al. 2013, Scharko et al. 2015). keywords: dung; emissions; hono; samples cache: afs-59314.pdf plain text: afs-59314.txt item: #444 of 872 id: afs-5932 author: Arkadiusz Pietruszka, Eugenia Jacyno, Anita Kołodziej, Maria Kawęcka, Czesław Elzanowski title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 27-34 date: 2009-04-07 words: 4497 flesch: 65 summary: Dove and Haydon (1991) and Saddoris et al. (2003) found that pig diet supplementation with iron did not have any effect on the fattening results. At present, pig diets are based first of all on plant components, thus the demand of pigs for L-carnitine might not be covered, and L-carnitine supplementation could be necessary. keywords: carnitine; diet; iron; pigs cache: afs-5932.pdf plain text: afs-5932.txt item: #445 of 872 id: afs-5933 author: Zinaida Saprõkina, Avo Karus, Sirje Kuusik, Harald Tikk, Peeter Järv, Riina Soidla, Aleksander title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 35-44 date: 2009-04-07 words: 5980 flesch: 65 summary: It has been suggested that higher ω-3 PUFA diets could affect IGF-1 expression be- cause IGF-1 mRNA level in liver and muscle was depended on the nutrition status (Heck et al. 2003, Guernec et al. 2004). Dietary linseed supplement effect on broiler IGF-1 expression 36 A G R I C keywords: c e; content; et al; expression; linseed; mrna; n c; pufa; ω-3 cache: afs-5933.pdf plain text: afs-5933.txt item: #446 of 872 id: afs-5934 author: Rasmus Fältmarsch, Peter Österholm, Maria Greger and Mats Åström title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 45-56 date: 2009-04-07 words: 7301 flesch: 74 summary: I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 45–56. 45 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received April 2008 Metal concentrations in oats (Avena sativa L.) grown on acid sulphate soils Rasmus Fältmarsch1*, Peter Österholm1, Maria Greger2 and Mats Åström3 1 Key-words: acid sulphate soils, oats, metals, NH4Ac-EDTA, (bio)geochemistry Introduction A total of approximately 17–24 million ha acid sulphate (AS) soils are found around the world, with the most significant occurrences in Africa, eastern Australia, Asia and Latin America (Rit- semaa et al. 2000, Andriesse and van Mensvoort 2002). keywords: acid; c e; concentrations; e n; n c; oats; soils cache: afs-5934.pdf plain text: afs-5934.txt item: #447 of 872 id: afs-5935 author: Tiina Tontti, Arja Nykänen and Miia Kuisma title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 57-75 date: 2009-04-07 words: 13584 flesch: 68 summary: In the first year after compost application, we found the efficiency of compost N utilization to be 5–12% in the conventional and 2–8% in the organic experi- ment. The efficiency of compost N utilization has been estimated often as an average N recovery over a multi-year period where compost has been ap- plied once in two years or with variable frequency (Eghball and Power 1999b, Hartl and Erhart 2005). keywords: c e; clover; compost; e n; grass; high; ley; n c; n u; organic; soil; uptake; year cache: afs-5935.pdf plain text: afs-5935.txt item: #448 of 872 id: afs-5936 author: Maarika Alaru, Ülle Laur , Viacheslav Eremeev, Endla Reintam, Are Selge, Merrit Noormets title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 76-90 date: 2009-04-07 words: 8987 flesch: 68 summary: Plant height and number of ear-bearing tillers per plant affected by N regime from descriptive statis- tics (± S.E.) The increases of AGB kg-1 N influenced by N regimes N+0, N+N and 0+N were 2.08 ± 0.60, 1.76 ± 0.41 and 0.03 ± 0.27 kg kg-1 N, respectively. keywords: application; c e; concentration; e n; grain; n c; nitrogen; protein; regime; triticale; winter; yield cache: afs-5936.pdf plain text: afs-5936.txt item: #449 of 872 id: afs-5937 author: Pirjo Mäkelä and Matti Kousa title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 91-99 date: 2009-04-07 words: 4831 flesch: 72 summary: The increase in panicle seed weight and phy- tomass before anthesis decreased the seed yield in Fure (Table 3). Moreover, the increase in panicle seed weight might have increased the sink demand, creating competition between the vegeta- tive and generative plant parts. keywords: c e; fescue; fure; kalevi; meadow; n c; panicle; seed; yield cache: afs-5937.pdf plain text: afs-5937.txt item: #450 of 872 id: afs-5938 author: None title: afs-5938 date: 2009-04-07 words: 447 flesch: 55 summary: It published the Journal of the Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland until 1991, when the Society got together with co-publisher MTT Agrifood Research Finland to start the cur- rent Agricultural and Food Science. Climate change scenarios agree on major changes in key agroecological parameters, including length of growing season, rates and patterns of pre- cipitation, and increasing amplitudes of variability in weather within and between seasons. keywords: science cache: afs-5938.pdf plain text: afs-5938.txt item: #451 of 872 id: afs-5939 author: Marjatta Uosukainen title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 18 (2009): 101 date: 2009-07-06 words: 449 flesch: 46 summary: The researchers of this Action represent a unique assembly of European scientists, with great experience in plant cryopreservation, tissue culture, stress physiology and/or gene bank management. Under cryogenic storage conditions, plant germplasm can be preserved safely over very long periods of time, theoretically in perpetuity, because metabolic and most physical and chemical processes stop at this temperature. keywords: cryopreservation cache: afs-5939.pdf plain text: afs-5939.txt item: #452 of 872 id: afs-5940 author: Keith Harding, Jason W. Johnston and Erica E Benson title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 18 (2009): 103-116 date: 2009-07-06 words: 8178 flesch: 52 summary: In evaluating programmed cell death in plant cryopreservation it is important to differentiate between events that lead to necrosis and those that are confirmed as truly apoptotic by using biochemical markers (Bischof et al. 2002, Gage and Baust 2002, Reape et al. 2008). This effect was also observed in wild species of potato following shoot cryopreservation using encapsulation-dehy- dration (Fig. 4) suggesting it may be due to intrinsic stress factors. keywords: c e; cryopreservation; e n; harding; n c; recovery; shoot cache: afs-5940.pdf plain text: afs-5940.txt item: #453 of 872 id: afs-59407 author: None title: afs-59407 date: 2019-02-21 words: 11984 flesch: 74 summary: Key words: lupine seeds, sows, piglets, pig fattening, feed enzymes Introduction Soybean meal is currently the most important protein source in pig feeds. The nutritive value of lupine seeds may be improved by dehulling or supplementing feed with fat but the results of different experiments are inconsistent. keywords: blue; e n; feed; group; lupine; lupine cv; soybean; yellow cache: afs-59407.pdf plain text: afs-59407.txt item: #454 of 872 id: afs-5941 author: Anna Nukari, Marjatta Uosukainen, Veli-Matti Rokka, Kristiina Antonius, Qiaochun Wang and Jari P.T. Valkonen4 title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 18 (2009): 117-128 date: 2009-07-06 words: 8216 flesch: 54 summary: However, as Benson (2008b) pointed out, there are very limited numbers of economic efficiency models for plant cryopreservation. Plant cryopreservation: progress and prospects. keywords: buds; c e; cryopreservation; cryotherapy; et al; germplasm; n c; plant; potato; production; shoot; techniques; tips; wang cache: afs-5941.pdf plain text: afs-5941.txt item: #455 of 872 id: afs-59410 author: None title: afs-59410 date: 2017-08-15 words: 4407 flesch: 62 summary: sibiricum, R. uva-crispa, R. aureum, R. sanguineum, have been used as donors of resistance to various R. nigrum diseases and pests (Stanys et al. 2004, Siksnianas et al. 2005, Rubauskis et al. 2006, Brennan et al. 2009). However, genetic background of resistance to gall mite in species R. america- num, R. aureum, R. dikusha and R. sanguineum still remains unknown. keywords: gall; gene; hybrids; mite; r. aureum; r. nigrum; resistance cache: afs-59410.pdf plain text: afs-59410.txt item: #456 of 872 id: afs-5942 author: Carmen Martín and M. Elena González-Benito title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 18 (2009): 129-135 date: 2009-07-06 words: 4392 flesch: 55 summary: (1999a, 2000a) reported no callus formation in recovered shoot from cryopreserved apices. Cryopreserved apices were then cooled by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (inside the cryovial). keywords: apices; c e; chrysanthemum; cryopreservation; n c; shoot; sucrose cache: afs-5942.pdf plain text: afs-5942.txt item: #457 of 872 id: afs-5943 author: Emiliano Condello, Maria Antonietta Palombi, Maria Grazia Tonelli, Carmine Damiano and Emilia Caboni title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 18 (2009): 136-143 date: 2009-07-06 words: 4623 flesch: 61 summary: Both RAPDs and SSRs did not reveal any polymorphism between cryopreserved lines and the original genotype, suggesting that cryopreservation, using encapsulation-dehydration, does not affect genetic stability of wild pear. Among the DNA analysis techniques used, random- ly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis have also been ap- plied to evaluate genetic stability of the material surviving cryopreservation and in most of the cases have not provided evidence for genetic variation. keywords: c e; cryopreservation; n c; pear; plant; stability cache: afs-5943.pdf plain text: afs-5943.txt item: #458 of 872 id: afs-5944 author: Elena L. Peredo, Rosa Arroyo-García, Barbara M. Reed, M. Ángeles Revilla title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 18 (2009): 144-151 date: 2009-07-06 words: 4110 flesch: 67 summary: Several factors associated with in vitro culture procedures, such as the medium composi- tion (Viterbo et al. 1994), may result in somatic variation in cold stored plants. Few studies on the genetic stability of hop plants are available. keywords: c e; cold; e n; n c cache: afs-5944.pdf plain text: afs-5944.txt item: #459 of 872 id: afs-5945 author: Jong-Yi Fang, Andy Wetten, Raphael Adu-Gyamfi, Mike Wilkinson and Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 18 (2009): 152-159 date: 2009-07-06 words: 4116 flesch: 59 summary: This distinction may explain the propensity for cocoa primary SEs to form chimeras (Rodriguez-Lopez et al. 2004). Genetic fidelity of cryopreserved cocoa somatic embryos keywords: c e; e n; n c; ses cache: afs-5945.pdf plain text: afs-5945.txt item: #460 of 872 id: afs-5946 author: Ivaylo Tsvetkov, Carla Benelli, Maurizio Capuana, Anna De Carlo, Maurizio Lambardi title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 18 (2009): 160-166 date: 2009-07-06 words: 3451 flesch: 61 summary: In contrast, the ‘droplet-vitrification’ technique appeared to be very efficient in the cryopreservation of white poplar shoot tips, which increases the opportunities for wider application of this method in other woody species. Survival of white poplar shoot tips 3 weeks after cryopreservation by ‘PVS2 vitrification’. keywords: poplar; pvs2; shoot; vitrification cache: afs-5946.pdf plain text: afs-5946.txt item: #461 of 872 id: afs-5947 author: Kaija Hakala1, Marjo Keskitalo, Christian Eriksson and Timo Pitkänen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 366-387 date: 2009-12-07 words: 14546 flesch: 74 summary: A review of soil ero- sion potential associated with biomass crops. If biomass yield plants are harvested during the grow- ing season (timothy) or in the autumn (RCG and nettle), and if linseed and hemp biomasses are also harvested directly after seed harvest, they would also be very efficient N and P removers, but with the exception of linseed, not superior to barley. keywords: biomass; c e; c g; crops; e e; e hakala; e n; e t; e vol; l e; l t; n c; n o; ns ns; nutrient; o t; r c; root; s e; soil cache: afs-5947.pdf plain text: afs-5947.txt item: #462 of 872 id: afs-5948 author: Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Lauri Jauhiainen, Kaija Hakala and Hannu Ojanen title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 18 (2009): 171-190 date: 2009-12-07 words: 13078 flesch: 63 summary: Further- more, anticipated increases in autumn precipitation (Jylhä et al. 2004, IPCC 2007b) and changes in overwintering conditions (Jylhä et al. 2008) may hamper sowing winter crops at present sowing win- dow and affect winter survival until cold winters are replaced by mild winters currently typical of north-western and southern Europe. Even though we have concentrated on the issue of how critical overwintering conditions are regard- ing future expansion of crops to novel regions in Finland, it is important to stress that estimated in- creases in autumn precipitation could interfere with sowing of winter crops, which has to be taken into consideration in adaptation strategies. keywords: c e; change; climate; conditions; crop; e n; et al; finland; finnish; future; growing; ha-1; l t; n c; peltonen; potential; production; rape; sainio; sainio et; season; sowing; spring; temperature; winter; yield; ° c cache: afs-5948.pdf plain text: afs-5948.txt item: #463 of 872 id: afs-5949 author: Ilona Bärlund, Sirkka Tattari, Markku Puustinen, Jari Koskiaho, Markku Yli-Halla andMaximilian Posch title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol.18(2009):402-416 date: 2009-12-07 words: 8581 flesch: 67 summary: The relationship between Pil and PAc for PAc≤ 2.3 mg P dm-3 – a range that seldom occurs in field soils in practice – is expressed in equation (2), which is a straight line between 0 and the starting point of the Pil value obtained from equation (1). 405 The objectives of this study were (1) to pa- rameterise typical mineral soil profiles for the ICECREAM model using key soil parameters, (2) to model water balance components, erosion and P losses for these typical Finnish agricultural soils to highlight those output variables that are espe- cially affected by the variability in soil parameters and (3) to compare the results with measured data from field experiments. keywords: c e; clay; e n; erosion; field; finland; l t; model; n c; parameter; soil; variability cache: afs-5949.pdf plain text: afs-5949.txt item: #464 of 872 id: afs-5950 author: Kaija Hakala, Markku Kontturi and Katri Pahkala title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 347-365 date: 2009-12-07 words: 15065 flesch: 77 summary: When crop residue production was estimated for the future (2050), the average technical residue potential values for 1997–2006 were corrected at group level for climate change effects (Annex 1). I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 347–365. 355 Food usage and availability of field area for bioenergy crop production keywords: 2008; area; bioenergy; biomass; c e; change; climate; crop; e n; e u; energy; et al; field; food; g e; global; hakala; l t; l. 0; n c; potential; production; residue; soil cache: afs-5950.pdf plain text: afs-5950.txt item: #465 of 872 id: afs-5951 author: Kari Hyytiäinen, Heini Ahtiainen, Jaakko Heikkilä, Janne Helin, Anni Huhtala, Antti Iho, Kauko Koikkalainen, Antti Miettinen, Eija Pouta and Janne Vesterinen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 440-459 date: 2009-12-07 words: 13071 flesch: 61 summary: The model consists of four main components: 1) nutri- ent stock dynamics in the selected sea basins, 2) nutrient loads from land and other sources, 3) the costs of agricultural nutrient abatement and 4) the benefits of nutrient abatement to Finnish citizens. All the parameter values are presented in Appendix 1. Component 2: Projecting nutrient land loads The second component of the model describes the future development of land loads, including nutrient leaching and runoff from arable land, forests and point sources. keywords: 2009; abatement; analysis; baltic; baltic sea; c e; cost; e n; finland; l t; loads; model; n c; nutrient; sea; water cache: afs-5951.pdf plain text: afs-5951.txt item: #466 of 872 id: afs-5952 author: Seija Jaakkola, Eeva Saarisalo and Terttu Heikkilä title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 234-256 date: 2009-12-07 words: 19905 flesch: 75 summary: This can be explained by the good intake characteristics of whole crop silage and by the synergistic effect of combining grass and whole crop silages. Even when the diet digestibility clearly decreased (Exp. 1) with the increasing proportion of whole crop barley silage, no corresponding negative effects on silage intake were observed. keywords: barley; c e; concentration; cows; crop; d m; e m; e n; exp; g d; kg-1; l t; milk; n c; o n; silage cache: afs-5952.pdf plain text: afs-5952.txt item: #467 of 872 id: afs-5953 author: Timo Kuosmanen and Natalia Kuosmanen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 302-316 date: 2009-12-07 words: 10910 flesch: 58 summary: Build- ing an explicit link between SV method and the frontier approach to environmental performance assessment,2 Kuosmanen and Kuosmanen pro- pose to use a more general benchmark technology, which can be estimated from empirical data using established econometric methods such as stochas- tic frontier analysis (SFA) or data envelopment analysis (DEA) (see e.g. Fried et al. 2007 for an up-to-date review of these methods). Nonparametric methods do not assume a particular functional form, but es- timate the benchmark technology based on some minimal set of axioms. keywords: analysis; benchmark; c e; data; dea; e n; ha−1; kuosmanen; methods; n c; nonparametric; stochastic; value cache: afs-5953.pdf plain text: afs-5953.txt item: #468 of 872 id: afs-5954 author: Timo Kuosmanen and Jyrki Niemi title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 317-331 date: 2009-12-07 words: 9508 flesch: 62 summary: Strategic groups, competition and retail food prices. On the one hand, Hall et al. (1979), Marion et al. (1983), and various studies by Cotterill (Cotterill 1986, Cotterill and Harper 1995, Cotterill 1999) find that there is a positive correlation between retail concentration and food prices. keywords: c e; consumer; e n; farm; food; industry; l t; margins; market; meat; milk; n c; niemi; price; price margins; processing; producer; productivity; products; retail; trade cache: afs-5954.pdf plain text: afs-5954.txt item: #469 of 872 id: afs-5955 author: Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen, Risto Kuisma, Jenni Määttä and Anna-Maija Sjöberg title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 268-282 date: 2009-12-07 words: 12813 flesch: 71 summary: The wearing of concrete has provided motivation for material studies focusing on finding alternatives and improvements for concrete surfaces (Barbucci et al. 1997, de Belie et al. 2000a, Naik et al. 2002, Almusallam et al. 2003, Calleja Carrete 2005, Yazıcı and İnan 2006, Moon et al. 2007, de Muynck et al. 2008, Kuisma et al. 2008b, Kymäläinen et al. 2008, Määttä et al. 2008, 2009). The main aim of this survey is to review detection methods of cleanability, because farm hygienic measures are important criteria for the safety and quality of both meat (Berends et al. 1996, Maw et al. 2001, Wong Lo Fo et al. 2002, Andersen et al. 2005) and milk (de Koning et al. 2003, Hanus et al. 2004, Skrzypek 2006, Trevisi et al. 2006). keywords: animal; c e; cleanness; d et; e n; et al; et e; f c; houses; hygiene; l c; l t; m al; m et; materials; methods; n c; n m; studies; surfaces; ur e cache: afs-5955.pdf plain text: afs-5955.txt item: #470 of 872 id: afs-5956 author: Mari J. Lehtonen, Paula. S. Wilson, Paavo Ahvenniemi and Jari P.T. Valkonen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 223-233 date: 2009-12-07 words: 8256 flesch: 70 summary: Anastomosis groups, pathogenicity and sensitivity to fun- gicides of Rhizoctonia solani isolates collected on pota- to crops in France. Cultural and pathogenic var- iation in potato isolates of Rhizoctonia solani in North- ern Ireland. keywords: ag2; ag3; ag5; c e; e n; et al; isolates; n c; plant; potato; rhizoctonia; scurf; solani; tubers cache: afs-5956.pdf plain text: afs-5956.txt item: #471 of 872 id: afs-59561 author: None title: afs-59561 date: 2017-10-21 words: 4684 flesch: 62 summary: (2007) prepared mixtures of meat bone meal and Greek brown coal. I E N C E P. Staroń et al. (2017) 26: 173–180 173 Manuscript received November 2016 Thermal conversion of granules from feathers, meat and bone meal and poultry litter to ash with fertilizing properties Paweł Staroń, Zygmunt Kowalski, Anita Staroń, Marcin Banach Cracow University of Technology, Department of Engineering and Chemical Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland e-mail: pstaron@chemia.pk.edu.pl Recently, the increased consumption of poultry meat in the EU has been observed. keywords: ash; combustion; content; feathers; litter; meal; meat; phosphorus; poultry cache: afs-59561.pdf plain text: afs-59561.txt item: #472 of 872 id: afs-5957 author: Jarmo Linjama, Markku Puustinen, Jari Koskiaho, Sirkka Tattari, Helmi Kotilainen title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 18 (2009): 417-427 date: 2009-12-07 words: 6799 flesch: 64 summary: Determining suspended solids and nutrient con- centrations in runoff waters has been based on wa- ter samples taken with various sampling strategies. This publication presents the results from the first year of research, and compares them with the results based on water samples. keywords: c e; e n; loading; n c; nitrate; runoff; samples; sensor; turbidity; water cache: afs-5957.pdf plain text: afs-5957.txt item: #473 of 872 id: afs-5958 author: Hannu J. Mikkola and Jukka Ahokas title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 332-346 date: 2009-12-07 words: 9113 flesch: 68 summary: Energy ratio can be expressed as ER = Eo / Ei, where ER is energy ratio, Eo is energy output and Ei is energy input. I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 332–346. 333 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received February 2009 Energy ratios in Finnish agricultural production Hannu J. Mikkola* and Jukka Ahokas Department of Agrotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland *email: hannu.j.mikkola@helsinki.fi The objective of this study was to assess energy ratios and net energy in plant production and energy ratios in animal production in Finland. keywords: barley; c e; canary; e n; energy; energy ratio; finnish; grass; input; l t; milk; n c; nitrogen; production; ratio; reed; spring cache: afs-5958.pdf plain text: afs-5958.txt item: #474 of 872 id: afs-5959 author: Sami Myyrä, Pekka Pihamaa and Timo Sipiläinen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 283-301 date: 2009-12-07 words: 11464 flesch: 70 summary: I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 283–301. 283 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received February 2009 Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms from 1976–2006: a parametric approach Sami Myyrä1, Pekka Pihamaa2 and Timo Sipiläinen1 1MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, 2Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland, 1email: firstname.lastname@mtt.fi In the long term, productivity and especially productivity growth are necessary conditions for the survival of farms and the food industry in Finland. Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms keywords: c e; change; e n; farms; finnish; grain; growth; l t; model; n c; production; productivity; scale; time; year cache: afs-5959.pdf plain text: afs-5959.txt item: #475 of 872 id: afs-5960 author: Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Lauri Jauhiainen and Kaija Hakala title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 206-222 date: 2009-12-07 words: 11227 flesch: 69 summary: Yield variability was exceptionally high in the 1980s and 1990s, but previously and subse- quently national yields were clearly more stable. No progressive increase in yield variability was recorded. keywords: 2000s; c e; crops; e n; finland; l t; n c; peltonen; sainio; spring; variability; yield cache: afs-5960.pdf plain text: afs-5960.txt item: #476 of 872 id: afs-5962 author: Aila Vanhatalo title: Preface, Vol.18 n3-4(2009): 169-170 date: 2009-11-10 words: 1170 flesch: 48 summary: However, it has also led to the prevailing situation that agricultural production is heavily dependent on the use of fossil fuels. The Society was established in circumstances, where Finland was not an independent country, and it was not self-sufficient in food production. keywords: finland; food; production; society cache: afs-5962.pdf plain text: afs-5962.txt item: #477 of 872 id: afs-5963 author: Frederick L. Stoddard, Simo Hovinen,Markku Kontturi, Kristina Lindström and Arja Nykänen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 191-205 date: 2009-12-07 words: 10719 flesch: 72 summary: Lauri Kristian Relander, who later became the country’s second president, demonstrated that pea yields were greater, with earlier ripening and higher har- vest index, from sowing in early May than from sowing two weeks later, and that slightly higher sowing rates (220 kg ha-1 instead of 180 kg ha-1) were preferable (Relander 1916). Peas were spread further in Scandinavia by monks and oldest information about pea cultivation is from the 12th century (Grotenfelt 1922). keywords: agriculture; bean; breeding; c e; clover; crop; cultivars; cultivation; e n; faba; finland; finnish; grain; grass; l t; legumes; n c; nitrogen; pea; peas; production; science; yield cache: afs-5963.pdf plain text: afs-5963.txt item: #478 of 872 id: afs-5964 author: Eija Valkonen, Reine Rinne and Jarmo Valaja title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 257-267 date: 2009-12-07 words: 6572 flesch: 72 summary: There are, however, also conflicting results reported in the literature e.g. Tauson (1984), who reported inferior plumage cover in cages with perches, and Braastad (1990), who reported better plumage in perch cages than in cages without perches. (2005) reported that in the presence of perches eggs were more likely to be laid in the nest than in the absence of perches. keywords: birds; c e; cages; e n; effects; feed; hens; laying; n c; p16; perches cache: afs-5964.pdf plain text: afs-5964.txt item: #479 of 872 id: afs-5965 author: Markku Yli-Halla, Delbert L. Mokma, Laura Alakukku , Richard Drees and Larry P. Wilding title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 388-401 date: 2009-12-07 words: 9042 flesch: 66 summary: According to Aura (1995), this method is suitable for monitoring the groundwater level of Finnish clay soils since a slight lowering of the water pressure head from zero clearly reduces the water content of clay soil above the groundwater surface and groundwater level can be determined accurately. Direct evidence of illuvial clay has not been documented in the descriptions of clay soils formed after the Weichselian glaciation in Finland or Swe- den. keywords: + +; c e; clay; depth; drainage; e n; finland; horizon; l t; n c; soil; yli cache: afs-5965.pdf plain text: afs-5965.txt item: #480 of 872 id: afs-5966 author: Sirkka Tattari, Jari Koskiaho, Ilona Bärlund and Elina Jaakkola title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 428-439 date: 2009-12-07 words: 7026 flesch: 62 summary: Sensitivity classes in SWAT model (van Griensven and Meixner 2003). As- sessing SWAT model performance in the evaluation of management actions for the implementation of the Wa- ter Framework Directive in a Finnish catchment. keywords: area; c e; catchment; e n; flow; l t; model; n c; parameters; sediment; sensitivity; soil; swat; water; yläneenjoki cache: afs-5966.pdf plain text: afs-5966.txt item: #481 of 872 id: afs-59665 author: None title: afs-59665 date: 2017-08-15 words: 7930 flesch: 63 summary: Con- sumption of tomato pomace silage by wild ungulates was also measured. Denek and Can (2006) used wheat straw and wheat grain as additives, and they found that tomato pomace silages fermented and preserved well with these additions, and this type of silage can be a source of good quality roughage for sheep. keywords: acid; content; deer; feeding; food; grains; ground; kg-1; maize; pomace; protein; silage; species; tomato; tomato pomace cache: afs-59665.pdf plain text: afs-59665.txt item: #482 of 872 id: afs-5967 author: Kirsi Usva, Merja Saarinen, Juha-Matti Katajajuuri and Sirpa Kurppa title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 460-476 date: 2009-12-07 words: 11531 flesch: 64 summary: However, scientists are very aware of the sensitivity of LCA case studies regarding decision-making at different stages during a study and of limitations regarding generalization of LCA case study results, even to other products of the same product group. LCA case studies were carried out using a sup- ply chain integrated LCA approach (Poikkimäki and Virtanen 2003), the theoretical background of which resides in industrial ecology, and operation- ally is linked to organization and business manage- ment. keywords: c c; c e; case; chain; cultivation; data; e n; environmental; eqv; food; l t; lca; n c; n n; n o; n y; production; products; studies cache: afs-5967.pdf plain text: afs-5967.txt item: #483 of 872 id: afs-5968 author: Kristiina Regina, Heikki Lehtonen, Jouni Nousiainen and Martti Esala title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 477-493 date: 2009-12-07 words: 11182 flesch: 56 summary: I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 477–493. 491 food, however, the sustainable way of decreasing agricultural GHG emissions should be based on mitigation measures which do not downscale food production. One benefit of biogas as a mitigation practice is that the reductions are seen in the emissions reported as agricultural emissions whereas the production of field biomasses may even increase the agricultural emissions due to the increased need of cropland area and fertiliser use. keywords: 2009; agriculture; area; c e; e n; emissions; finland; gas; greenhouse; l t; measures; mitigation; model; n c; production; scenario; soils cache: afs-5968.pdf plain text: afs-5968.txt item: #484 of 872 id: afs-5970 author: Marleena Hagner, Tiina Pasanen, Bengt Lindqvist, Isa Lindqvist, Kari Tiilikkala, Olli-Pekka Penttinen and Heikki Setälä title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 13-23 date: 2010-03-17 words: 7402 flesch: 66 summary: The LC50 for A. caliginosa was 6560 mg BTO kg -1 dry soil and EC50 for juvenile production of F. candida was 5100 mg BTO kg-1 dry soil. The BTO1 concentrations used were 2695, 5380, 6725, 8070, 9420, 10760, 12200 and 13500 mg BTO1 kg-1 dry soil (n = 4). keywords: bto1; c e; e n; effects; field; n c; plants; soil cache: afs-5970.pdf plain text: afs-5970.txt item: #485 of 872 id: afs-5971 author: Marleena Hagner, Olli-Pekka Penttinen1, Tiina Pasanen, Kari Tiilikkala and Heikki Setälä title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 24-33 date: 2010-03-17 words: 6182 flesch: 66 summary: Acute toxicity test. Key-words: acute toxicity test, aquatic organisms, birch tar oil, biocide, EC50 Introduction Birch tar oil (BTO; CAS #8001-88-5, American Chemical Society 2007) is a crude by-product of the slow destructive distillation or pyrolysation, of wood and bark for processing into coal. keywords: bto1; c e; e n; l-1; n c; test; toxicity cache: afs-5971.pdf plain text: afs-5971.txt item: #486 of 872 id: afs-5972 author: Isa Lindqvist, Bengt Lindqvist, Kari Tiilikkala, Marleena Hagner, Olli-Pekka Penttinen, Tiina Pasanen and Heikki Setälä title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol.19 (2010): 1-12 date: 2010-03-17 words: 7708 flesch: 67 summary: Results Toxic effect of BTOs on A. arbustorum - direct spray application The results of the laboratory study (Experiment 1) proved BTOs to be ineffective in eliminating snails; neither BTO1 nor BTO2 had a statistically signifi- cant effect on the survival of adult snails (ANOVA, F=1.68, p=0.226) (Fig. 4). Adult snails were allowed to reproduce in 1.7 l glass jars (Ø 10 cm, height 19 cm) containing a soil monolith (4 cm thick), and covered with gauze. keywords: arbustorum; bto; c e; e n; effect; experiment; n c; repellent; snails cache: afs-5972.pdf plain text: afs-5972.txt item: #487 of 872 id: afs-5973 author: Ireneusz Ochmian, Józef Grajkowski and Katarzyna Skupień title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 69-80 date: 2010-03-17 words: 8074 flesch: 67 summary: Fruit N content was approximately half of leaf N content, and the values obtained were lower compared to 1.7-2.8% determined by Skupień (2004) in four blueberry cultivars. Bluecrop, whereas fruit Cu content reported by Skupień (2004) was much lower (0.138–0.303 mg kg-1). keywords: berries; blueberry; c e; content; fruit; n c; patriot; sawdust cache: afs-5973.pdf plain text: afs-5973.txt item: #488 of 872 id: afs-5974 author: Kalvi Tamm, Taavi Võsa, Valdek Loko, Jüri Kadaja, Raivo Vettik and Jüri Olt title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 43-56 date: 2010-03-17 words: 8709 flesch: 66 summary: Harasimowicz (1997) describes an evaluation sys- tem, where plot distance to the compound is one factor affecting land value in points characterising the profitability potential of land: a plot situated far away is assessed to be less valuable than a closer one. The simulations are used to estimate the influence of the price of fuel and yield, as well as the yield level on the economical maximum of plot distance. keywords: area; c e; costs; distance; e n; farm; maximum; n c; plot; plot area; plot distance cache: afs-5974.pdf plain text: afs-5974.txt item: #489 of 872 id: afs-5975 author: Surendra K. Pradhan, Susanna Pitkänen, Helvi Heinonen-Tanski title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 57-68 date: 2010-03-17 words: 7332 flesch: 65 summary: The microbial hygiene quality as well as the contents of soluble sugars, protein and taste quality were similar in all treatments, but lower nitrate and higher chloride contents were recorded in urine fertilized pumpkins than other treatments. In conclusion, our study shows that the production rate of urine fertilized pumpkins was somewhat lower than mineral fertilized pumpkins but it was higher than non-fertilized pumpkins. keywords: c e; cultivation; e n; fertilization; fertilizer; mineral; n c; pumpkins; total; treatments; urine cache: afs-5975.pdf plain text: afs-5975.txt item: #490 of 872 id: afs-5976 author: Pille Sooväli and Mati Koppel title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 34-42 date: 2010-03-17 words: 5029 flesch: 67 summary: The aim of the study was to find out the efficacy of fungicides at different disease control intensities on spring barley varieties differing in the resist- ance level. Efficacy of tebuconazole application against P. teres and untreated control on L2 leaves in spring barley varieties in 2004. keywords: c e; fungicide; n c cache: afs-5976.pdf plain text: afs-5976.txt item: #491 of 872 id: afs-5977 author: Minna Väre, Kyösti Pietola and Christoph R. Weiss title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 81-95 date: 2010-03-17 words: 7601 flesch: 69 summary: The irrelevance of stated plans in predicting farm successions in Finland Minna Väre1*, Kyösti Pietola1 and Christoph R. Weiss2 1MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, *firstname.lastname@mtt.fi 2Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration Key-words: farm succession, retirement, stated plan, recursive probit Introduction One of the main constituent elements of family farm is that the farm will be transferred to the next generation within the family (Gasson and Errington 1993, Pfeffer 1989). keywords: c e; e n; farm; farmers; l t; n c; plans; succession cache: afs-5977.pdf plain text: afs-5977.txt item: #492 of 872 id: afs-5978 author: Sushant B. Bakal, Kishor H. Gedam and Gyanendra Prakash Sharma title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol.19 (2010): 127-135 date: 2010-06-08 words: 5379 flesch: 70 summary: A similar trend for increase in drying time was also observed for cylindrical shaped potato. From the plot of MR versus drying time gives straight line with negative slope. keywords: drying; model; moisture; potato cache: afs-5978.pdf plain text: afs-5978.txt item: #493 of 872 id: afs-5979 author: Anne Kari Bergjord, Helge Bonesmo,a and Arne Oddvar Skjelvåg title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 184-192 date: 2010-06-08 words: 6101 flesch: 70 summary: Wheat winter survival varied considerably between years and locations (Table 1). I E N C E Vol. 19 (2010): 184–192. 185 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received December 2008 Model prediction of frost tolerance as related to winter survival of wheat in Finnish field trials Anne Kari Bergjord*1,2, Helge Bonesmo1,a and Arne Oddvar Skjelvåg2 1Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Grassland and Landscape Division Kvithamar, N-7500 Stjørdal, Norway, *email: anne.kari.bergjord@bioforsk.no 2Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Box 5003, N-1432 keywords: lt50c; temperature; winter cache: afs-5979.pdf plain text: afs-5979.txt item: #494 of 872 id: afs-5980 author: Helge Bonesmo, Leidulf Nordang and Lloyd Davies title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 101-115 date: 2010-06-08 words: 9908 flesch: 72 summary: In this work the model was combined with production statistics to find general recommendations in the finishing of beef bulls under Norwegian conditions. The INRA feeding tables of beef bulls (Gar- cia et al. 2007), based on a net energy system of feed units beef (FUb) used during many years in beef production in France. keywords: beef; breeds; bulls; c e; carcass; concentrate; e n; n c; n o; silage cache: afs-5980.pdf plain text: afs-5980.txt item: #495 of 872 id: afs-5981 author: Arto Huuskonen and Erkki Joki-Tokola title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol.19 (2010): 116-126 date: 2010-06-08 words: 7629 flesch: 68 summary: Effect of maturity on the nutritive value of whole crop wheat silage. Whole crop wheat silage for finishing beef heifers. keywords: barley; bulls; c e; carcass; crop; diet; grass; intake; n c; silage; whv cache: afs-5981.pdf plain text: afs-5981.txt item: #496 of 872 id: afs-5982 author: Timo Kaukoranta, Risto Tahvonen and Arto Ylämäki title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 144-159 date: 2010-06-08 words: 10186 flesch: 70 summary: In the past since 1960, mean daily temperatures in both spring (March-May) and winter (December-February) have risen by about 1 °C; winter temperatures have risen to even a slightly higher extent, but their inter-annual variation has been much wider than that for spring temperatures (Tuomenvirta 2004). Low and high scenario represent the lowest and high- est seasonal temperature scenarios of temperature change given by Jylhä et al. (2004). keywords: apple; c e; climate; data; e n; et al; finland; n c; temperature; winter; ° c; ° n cache: afs-5982.pdf plain text: afs-5982.txt item: #497 of 872 id: afs-5983 author: Mari Räty, Rainer Horn, Kimmo Rasa, Markku Yli-Halla and Liisa Pietola title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 160-172 date: 2010-06-08 words: 8675 flesch: 66 summary: The risk of surface soil deterioration resulting especially from grazing of clay soil was estimated, a practice that is allowed in BZ areas in Finland. The use of air-filled porosity and intrinsic permeability to air to characterize structure of macropore space and satu- rated hydraulic conductivity of clay soils. keywords: c e; clay; e n; loam; n c; soil; stress cache: afs-5983.pdf plain text: afs-5983.txt item: #498 of 872 id: afs-5984 author: Jacek Słupski, Zofia Lisiewska, Waldemar Kmiecik, Piotr Gębczyński and Lidia Sobczyńska title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 136-143 date: 2010-06-08 words: 5304 flesch: 67 summary: Culinary processing and the freezing process did not result in a drastic decrease in amino acid content apart from tyrosine. The aim of the work was to evaluate changes in amino acid content and in the quality of protein in green cauliflower florets cooked from fresh, as well as prepared for consumption after freezing and frozen storage: obtained using the traditional tech- nology (raw material-blanching-freezing-frozen storage-cooking in brine) and the other obtained using the modified technology (raw material-cook- ing in brine-freezing-frozen storage-defrosting and heating in a microwave oven), resulting in a con- venience food product. keywords: acids; amino; cauliflower; content; food; frozen; material cache: afs-5984.pdf plain text: afs-5984.txt item: #499 of 872 id: afs-5985 author: Leo Mustonen, Esa Wallius and Timo Hurme title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 173-183 date: 2010-06-08 words: 6627 flesch: 63 summary: In these calculations it is assumed that both control and nitrogen fertilized plots absorbed the same amount of soil nitrogen. Dry matter and nitrogen content of haulms started to decline during the later part of season and most nitrogen was relocated to tubers. keywords: c e; dry; ha-1; matter; n c; nitrogen cache: afs-5985.pdf plain text: afs-5985.txt item: #500 of 872 id: afs-5986 author: Jaka Žgajnar, Emil Erjavec and Stane Kavčič title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 193-206 date: 2010-09-08 words: 14970 flesch: 65 summary: Obtained results show that one could formulate more balanced rations with minor increases in ration cost. However, Rehman and Romero (1987) have shown under different conditions that with this approach, it is possible to achieve even additional reductions in ration cost comparing to the least-cost ration. keywords: + +; = +; = =; cost; function; goal; module; n c; n j; ration; second cache: afs-5986.pdf plain text: afs-5986.txt item: #501 of 872 id: afs-5987 author: Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh and Mehrnaz Ardalan title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 207-213 date: 2010-09-08 words: 4643 flesch: 60 summary: Fitting either maternal permanent environmental effect (model 2) or maternal genetic effect (model 3) as second random effect resulted in significantly (p < 0.001) higher log-likelihood and more accuracy for all traits in comparison to the model which ignored these effects (models 1). Inclusion of maternal permanent environmental effect after maternal genetic effect (model 5) improved the log-likelihood significantly for all traits. keywords: effects; estimates; sheep; weight cache: afs-5987.pdf plain text: afs-5987.txt item: #502 of 872 id: afs-5988 author: Arto Huuskonen, Erkki Joki-Tokola, Markku Honkavaara, Leena Tuomisto and Risto Kauppinen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol 19(2010): 214-222 date: 2010-09-08 words: 6481 flesch: 70 summary: Instead, the myoglobin content of the LD was 21% higher in PAD bulls than in IB bulls (p < 0.05). The PUFA:SFA ratio was higher in PAD bulls than in IB bulls (p < 0.05) but there was no difference in the PUFA:SFA ratio between UB and IB bulls. keywords: bulls; et al; housing; meat; pad; quality cache: afs-5988.pdf plain text: afs-5988.txt item: #503 of 872 id: afs-5989 author: Anna Winiarska-Mieczan and Małgorzata Kwiecień title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol 19 (2010): 223-232 date: 2010-09-08 words: 7175 flesch: 70 summary: 225 riod of experiment the animals of group II were fed standard grower mixtures, in the finisher ex- perimental formula, soybean meal were replaced by raw grass pea seeds (Table 2). In groups II and III, raw grass pea seeds were fed at the quantity of 50% of protein. keywords: grass; grass pea; n c; pea; pea seeds; protein; seeds; weight cache: afs-5989.pdf plain text: afs-5989.txt item: #504 of 872 id: afs-5990 author: Sylwester Świątkiewicz, Jerzy Koreleski and Anna Arczewska-Włosek title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol 19 (2010): 233-239 date: 2010-09-08 words: 4503 flesch: 65 summary: I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 233–239. 233 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2009 Egg performance, egg quality, and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed diets with different levels of rapeseed expeller cake Sylwester Świątkiewicz*, Jerzy Koreleski and Anna Arczewska-Włosek National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, 32-083 Balice, Poland, *e-mail: sylwester.swiatkiewicz@izoo.krakow.pl The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of rapeseed expeller cake (RC) in the diet of laying hens on egg performance, egg quality, retention and excretion of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, and metabolizability of energy. Key-words: rapeseed expeller cake, laying hens, egg performance, egg quality, nutrient retention Introduction Rapeseed expeller cake (RC) is a high-protein co- product of industrial oil extraction, obtained from the mechanical pressing of seeds. keywords: c e; cake; diets; egg; rapeseed cache: afs-5990.pdf plain text: afs-5990.txt item: #505 of 872 id: afs-5991 author: Sancho Bañón, Mario Bedia, Elisabeth Almela and Pedro José Martínez title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 240-251 date: 2010-09-08 words: 7676 flesch: 69 summary: Determination of hydroxyproline in cured pork sausages and dry cured beef products by NIRS technology employing a fibre–optic probe. CM and EW sausages were subjected to the same manufacturing process. keywords: acid; c e; e n; meat; n c; sausage cache: afs-5991.pdf plain text: afs-5991.txt item: #506 of 872 id: afs-5992 author: Oiva Nissinen, Pekka Kalliainen and Lauri Jauhiainen title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol 19 (2010): 252-268 date: 2010-09-08 words: 10987 flesch: 72 summary: Key-words: Phleum pratense, timothy, dry matter yield, leaf to stem ratio, organic matter digestibility, crude protein content Dry matter yield and nutritive value of timothy 254 keywords: c e; content; digestibility; dry; e n; growth; l t; matter; n c; protein; regrowth; stage; timothy; yield cache: afs-5992.pdf plain text: afs-5992.txt item: #507 of 872 id: afs-5993 author: Helena Hansson, Richard Ferguson and Christer Olofsson title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 19 (2010): 269-283 date: 2010-12-14 words: 11837 flesch: 51 summary: Though such portfolio behavior has been identified in general entrepreneurship literature (e.g Westhead and Wright 1999), starting multiple businesses as an alternative of farm business diversification is an interesting issue to be further explored. Furthermore, with the notable excep- tion of McNally (2001), little previous research on farm diversification has used panel data, limiting assessment of development patterns over time. keywords: activities; business; c e; development; diversification; e n; farm; l r; n c; new; production; specialization cache: afs-5993.pdf plain text: afs-5993.txt item: #508 of 872 id: afs-5994 author: Laura Alakukku1, Antti Ristolainen, Ilkka Sarikka and Timo Hurme title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 19 (2010): 313-326 date: 2010-12-14 words: 9087 flesch: 69 summary: I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 313–326. 315 tion of conservation tillage on clayey soil areas has been documented since Finland joined the EU in 1995. One sign of the problems in the field’s hydrology is free water ponding on soil surface. keywords: c e; clay; e n; fields; n c; ntg; soil; surface; tillage; water cache: afs-5994.pdf plain text: afs-5994.txt item: #509 of 872 id: afs-5995 author: Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio and Lauri Jauhiainen title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 19 (2010): 341-353 date: 2010-12-14 words: 9362 flesch: 69 summary: Correlations of grain or seed yield (kg ha-1) with grain N content (Ngrain, %), N yield (kg ha -1) and yield removed N (YRN, %), and the effect of increase in yield by 100 kg ha-1 on N traits for spring cereals and rapeseed according to 20 years multi-location Official Variety Trials (1988–2008). Comparable crop means (standard errors of means in parentheses) for grain or seed yield, grain or seed N content (Ngrain), N yield, N fertilizer application rate, yield removed N (YRN), and estimated ranges of N use efficiency (NUE) and N harvest index (NHI). keywords: barley; c e; cereals; crop; n c; nitrogen; rape; wheat; yield; yrn cache: afs-5995.pdf plain text: afs-5995.txt item: #510 of 872 id: afs-5996 author: Sirje Värv, Juha Kantanen and Haldja Viinalass title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 19 (2010): 284-293 date: 2011-01-05 words: 6211 flesch: 59 summary: We conclude that the DNA samples and genotyping data collected in the present study will be of value in future studies examining, for example, temporal changes in the genetic diversity of Estonian dairy cattle breeds. Acknowledgements. In addition, Tapio et al. (2006) demonstrated that the Estonian Native Cattle are of a high value in the conservation of cattle genetic resources when the prioritisation of cattle breeds is based simultane- ously on within- and between-breed components of genetic diversity. keywords: breeds; c e; cattle; estonian; microsatellite; n c; native cache: afs-5996.pdf plain text: afs-5996.txt item: #511 of 872 id: afs-5997 author: Artur Rybarczyk, Marek Kmieć, Roman Szaruga, Filip Napierała and Arkadiusz Terman title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 19 (2010): 294-301 date: 2010-12-14 words: 5004 flesch: 70 summary: n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Marbling (score) 1.28 0.04 n.s. p=0.020 n.s. n.s. n.s. Meat quality pH24 5.66 0.01 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. pH48 5.57 0.01 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Thermal drip (%) 25.88 0.25 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Water-soluble protein (%) 8.22 0.08 n.s. keywords: carcass; cast; genotypes; meat; mspi; n.s; pigs; quality; ryr1; traits cache: afs-5997.pdf plain text: afs-5997.txt item: #512 of 872 id: afs-5998 author: Adela Martínez-Fernández, Ana Soldado, Fernando Vicente, Antonio Martínez and Begoña de la Roza-Delgado title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 19 (2010): 302-312 date: 2010-12-14 words: 7373 flesch: 65 summary: In the other hand, the additive increases the ammonium concentration in silages with high proteolysis such as wilted fava bean silages (S × The DM content in wilted silages was clearly lower after ensiling than before it. keywords: buchneri; c e; e n; n c; n s; silage; wilting cache: afs-5998.pdf plain text: afs-5998.txt item: #513 of 872 id: afs-5999 author: Jaana Uusi-Kämppä and Pasi K. Mattila title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 19 (2010): 327-340 date: 2010-12-14 words: 9369 flesch: 69 summary: At present, nitrogen losses from slurry applied fields are mitigated, since the application of N fertilizers (including slurry N) is not allowed Fig. Although high slurry N amounts were added to grass, nitrogen leaching risk was surpris- ingly small from clay soil. keywords: application; c e; e n; grass; losses; n c; nitrogen; plots; runoff; slurry; soil; surface cache: afs-5999.pdf plain text: afs-5999.txt item: #514 of 872 id: afs-6000 author: None title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 20 (2011):115-116 date: 2011-03-15 words: 729 flesch: 46 summary: Otherwise, as actors are sparse, ex post dependency and the fear of exploitation might afford appropriate safeguards that might raise transaction costs. I E N C E Vol. 20(2011): 115–116. 115 © Agricultural and Food Science Letter to Editor Third sector organizations in rural development – A Comment This is a comment on Valentinov’s article “Third sector organizations in rural development”, Volume 18 (2009), pp. 3-15. keywords: organizations; transaction; williamson cache: afs-6000.pdf plain text: afs-6000.txt item: #515 of 872 id: afs-6001 author: Kaija Hakala, Asko O. Hannukkala, Erja Huusela-Veistola, Marja Jalli and Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol 20 (2011): 3-14 date: 2011-03-15 words: 9015 flesch: 65 summary: Increased cropping of winter oilseed crops could change the status and phenology of pests of cruciferous crops. Examples of possible increased pest risks Climate change will have a number of effects on developmental rate and phenology of crop plants that will alter the proliferation of associated pest spe- cies. keywords: autumn; c e; change; climate; crops; e n; et al; finland; growing; increase; n c; pests; plant; production; season; winter cache: afs-6001.pdf plain text: afs-6001.txt item: #516 of 872 id: afs-6003 author: Jaakko Heikkilä title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 20 (2011): 15-28 date: 2011-03-15 words: 10240 flesch: 61 summary: Border control for potential aquatic weeds - Stage 1: Weed risk model. The results of the review are representative of plant health prioritisation studies, which did not differ significantly from the other studies. keywords: 2006; assessment; c e; e n; et al; model; n c; prioritisation; questions; risk; score; species; studies cache: afs-6003.pdf plain text: afs-6003.txt item: #517 of 872 id: afs-6004 author: Arja Lilja, Anna Rytkönen, Jarkko Hantula, Michael Müller, Päivi Parikka and Timo Kurkela title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 20 (2011): 74-85 date: 2011-03-15 words: 8919 flesch: 69 summary: The pathogen was sub- sequently identified the following August in Rho- dodendron catawbiense Michx and several other cultivars produced by micropropagation in a Finn- ish nursery (Lilja et al. 2007). It was isolated follow- ing a positive PCR-test from commercial rhodo- dendron plants imported from other EU member states (Lilja et al. 2007). keywords: 2005; acutatum; c e; disease; et al; europe; finland; forest; lilja; n c; pathogen; pathology; phytophthora; plant; ramorum; species; strawberry; trees cache: afs-6004.pdf plain text: afs-6004.txt item: #518 of 872 id: afs-6005 author: Anne Lemmetty, Jaana Laamanen, Mirkka Soukainen and Jukka Tegel title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 20 (2011): 29-41 date: 2011-03-15 words: 8804 flesch: 64 summary: Numerous nucleic acid sequences of plant viruses have been published and sequence comparisons have opened up new possibilities for documenting virus taxonomy and diversity. The use of cryo- preservation protocols ensures the preservation of the plant material in safe for plant viruses in con- trast to field-maintenance (Nukari et al. 2009). keywords: c e; e n; et al; finland; finnish; mosaic; n c; new; plant; species; symptoms; tomato; viroid; virus; viruses cache: afs-6005.pdf plain text: afs-6005.txt item: #519 of 872 id: afs-6006 author: Irene Vänninen, Susan Worner, Erja Huusela-Veistola, Tuomo Tuovinen, Anne Nissinen, Kari Saikkonen title: Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 20 (2011): 96-114 date: 2011-03-16 words: 14712 flesch: 65 summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that the dis- tributions of a variety of alien pest species are expanding or shifting towards the poles, and that the number of alien invertebrate species in Europe is on the increase, but is mainly confined to man- made habitats (Hickling et al. 2006, Roques et al. 2009). Clearly, it is time that the lists of alien pest species in Finnish agriculture and horticulture are updated and the potential consequences of climate change for pest invasion of Finland are estimated. keywords: alien; analysis; c e; c ol; d ae; e n; establishment; finland; finnish; insect; invertebrate; l ep; l t; n c; pests; plant; potential; risk; som; species cache: afs-6006.pdf plain text: afs-6006.txt item: #520 of 872 id: afs-60068 author: None title: afs-60068 date: 2017-05-18 words: 5980 flesch: 62 summary: Crude protein content in whole crop maize decreased at 150 DAS (78.0 g kg-1 on average) in comparison with harvest at 120 DAS (85.5 g kg-1 on average). Nutritive value and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage harvested at four stages of maturity. keywords: 2012; content; crop; das; digestate; et al; fertilizer; harvest; kg-1; maize; maturity cache: afs-60068.pdf plain text: afs-60068.txt item: #521 of 872 id: afs-6007 author: Terho Hyvönen title: Agricultural and food science date: 2011-03-14 words: 570 flesch: 46 summary: This is especially true for the northern regions, such as Finland, where the climatic conditions have to date suc- cessfully prevented the establishment of permanent populations of many alien pest species. In the future, climate change can be assumed to bring challenges in the form of new alien pest species. keywords: alien; species cache: afs-6007.pdf plain text: afs-6007.txt item: #522 of 872 id: afs-6008 author: Terho Hyvönen and Heikki Jalli title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 20 (2011): 86-95 date: 2011-03-15 words: 6316 flesch: 64 summary: The present study aimed at examining the inva- sion of alien agricultural weed species in Finland by reviewing the occurrence and distribution of European weed species in Finland. I E N C E Vol. 20(2011): 86–95. 87 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received August 2010 Alien species in the Finnish weed flora Terho Hyvönen* and Heikki Jalli MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland *e-mail: terho.hyvonen@mtt.fi The present study aimed at assessing the invasion of alien weed species in Finland based on a review of their occurrence in the Finnish weed flora. keywords: 2009; alien; c e; climate; finland; invasion; n c; species; weed; weed species cache: afs-6008.pdf plain text: afs-6008.txt item: #523 of 872 id: afs-6009 author: Marja Jalli, Pauliina Laitinen and Satu Latvala title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 20 (2011): 62-73 date: 2011-03-15 words: 10938 flesch: 82 summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the current state of cereal leaf diseases in Finland with reference to historical and current research data. 63 The emergence of cereal fungal diseases and the incidence of leaf spot diseases in Finland Marja Jalli, Pauliina Laitinen and Satu Latvala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, email: marja.jalli@mtt.fi Fungal plant pathogens causing cereal diseases in Finland have been studied by a literature survey, and a field survey of cereal leaf spot diseases conducted in 2009. keywords: c e; d bl; e n; finland; l t; m s; n c; nd s; s f; s te; se s cache: afs-6009.pdf plain text: afs-6009.txt item: #524 of 872 id: afs-6010 author: None title: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 20 (2011): 117-118 date: 2011-03-15 words: 587 flesch: 53 summary: Third sector organizations in rural development: a comment. Third sector organizations in rural development: a transaction cost perspective. keywords: saxe; sector cache: afs-6010.pdf plain text: afs-6010.txt item: #525 of 872 id: afs-6011 author: Terho Hyvönen title: AFS 2(2011): vol. 20 , 2 183-190 date: 2011-06-21 words: 4611 flesch: 63 summary: The success of A. retroflexus was measured as growth (height and biomass) and seed production (number and biomass). Elevation in temperature enhanced seed production of A. retroflexus, but the impact on growth was minor (only dif- ference in plant height in one treatment). keywords: barley; crop; retroflexus; temperature; weed cache: afs-6011.pdf plain text: afs-6011.txt item: #526 of 872 id: afs-6012 author: Merja Manninen, Markku Honkavaara, Lauri Jauhiainen, Arja Nykänen and Anna-Maija Heikkilä title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol. 20 (2011) s. 151-168 date: 2011-06-21 words: 12438 flesch: 68 summary: Pre‑ diction of silage feeding value from the analysis of the herbage at ensiling and effects of nitrogen fertilizer, date of harvest and additive treatment on grass silage compo‑ sition. The effects of grain treatment, grain feed level and grass silage feed value on the performance of and meat quality from finishing beef cattle. keywords: bulls; c e; carcass; concentrate; diet; digestibility; e n; et al; feeding; grass; kg-1; n c; protein; silage; silage digestibility; value; weight cache: afs-6012.pdf plain text: afs-6012.txt item: #527 of 872 id: afs-6013 author: Guna Salputra, Frédéric Chantreuil, Kevin Hanrahan, Trevor Donnellan, Myrna van Leeuwen and Emil Erjavec title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol 20(2011) s. 119-130 date: 2011-06-21 words: 9356 flesch: 55 summary: The New Member States (NMS) are still allowed to use the transition support system – Single Area Payment (SAP) scheme - one of the advantages of which is the flexibility to provide national top-ups to agriculture in coupled and de- coupled forms until 2013 in line with phasing-in of EU direct payments, while EU support within SAP scheme must be totally decoupled. The usefulness of the PH approach has been illustrated through its implementation in the AG- MEMOD model and its use in analysing a series of EU agricultural policy reform scenarios. keywords: 2008; agmemod; approach; beef; c e; cap; e n; member; model; n c; payments; policy; production cache: afs-6013.pdf plain text: afs-6013.txt item: #528 of 872 id: afs-6014 author: Anu Sironen, Pekka Uimari, Johanna Vilkki title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol 20 (2011): 143-150 date: 2011-06-21 words: 4428 flesch: 62 summary: Differences in allele calls after Beadchip genotyping of hair root samples prepared by various DNA extraction methods. Distribution plot of call rates against DNA con- centration of hair root samples. keywords: beadchip; c e; concentration; dna; genotyping; hair; method; n c; samples; sperm cache: afs-6014.pdf plain text: afs-6014.txt item: #529 of 872 id: afs-6016 author: Britta Wiander and Airi Palva title: AFS 2 (2011): 169-175, vol. 20 date: 2011-06-21 words: 3477 flesch: 68 summary: I E N C E Wiander, B. and Palva, A. Impact of mineral salt, garlic and algae on sauerkraut fermentation 171170 McFeeters 1985, Trail et al. 1996, Johanningsmeier et al. 2007, Martinez-Villaluenga et al. 2009, Penas et al. 2010). I E N C E Wiander, B. and Palva, A. Impact of mineral salt, garlic and algae on sauerkraut fermentation 173172 0.8% and 1.2% mineral salt pH was similar in all pressed sauerkraut juices. keywords: fermentation; mineral; mineral salt; salt; sauerkraut cache: afs-6016.pdf plain text: afs-6016.txt item: #530 of 872 id: afs-6017 author: Britta Wiander and Hannu J.T. Korhonen title: AFS vol. 20 (2011) 2 s. 176-182 date: 2011-06-21 words: 3842 flesch: 66 summary: Commercial starters are available on the mar- ket, but they are not widely used in sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice fermentations. Nr. 4 can be used in sauerkraut fermentations with good results. keywords: acid; cabbage; fermentation; lactic; mineral; salt; sauerkraut cache: afs-6017.pdf plain text: afs-6017.txt item: #531 of 872 id: afs-6018 author: Lin Chen, Jukka Kivelä1, Juha Helenius and Arjo Kangas title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol 20(2011) s. 235-244 date: 2011-09-12 words: 6275 flesch: 70 summary: Salomonsson et al. (1994, 1995) studied the impact of MBM fertiliser on the grain protein content in spring and winter wheat and found N availability in MBM to be similar to that in urea. The doubling of the application rate from 857 kg to 1714 kg MBM ha-1 did not significantly increase barley and oat grain yield in the first year; it did, however, in the second year. keywords: barley; fertilisation; fertiliser; mbm; oat; protein; yield cache: afs-6018.pdf plain text: afs-6018.txt item: #532 of 872 id: afs-6019 author: Arto Huuskonen title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol 20(2011) s. 191-205 date: 2011-09-12 words: 11125 flesch: 72 summary: 191PB © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2010 Effects of barley grain compared to commercial concentrate or rapeseed meal supplementation on performance of growing dairy bulls offered grass silage-based diet Arto Huuskonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-92400 Ruukki, Finland e-mail: arto.huuskonen@mtt.fi The objectives of the study with dairy bulls offered grass silage-based diet were to determine the effects on animal performance of (1) concentrate type (barley vs. commercial concentrate) and (2) supplementation of rapeseed meal (RSM) in barley-based concentrate, with data being compared from preweaning to slaughter. Effects of concentrate type on apparent diet digestibility of growing dairy bulls. keywords: barley; bulls; c e; concentrate; n c cache: afs-6019.pdf plain text: afs-6019.txt item: #533 of 872 id: afs-6020 author: Olaia Martinez, Jesús Salmerón, María D. Guillén and Carmen Casas title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol 20(2011) s. 217-227 date: 2011-09-12 words: 8637 flesch: 67 summary: The optimisation of the individual operations involved in the processing of smoked salmon, i.e., salting, drying and smoking, is important in the economic success of this sector which has small profit margins (Birkeland et al. 2004). These authors used two liquid smokes of different composition to smoke salmon, one rich in phenolic compounds, the other rich in carbonyl compounds. keywords: 2004; 2005; atlantic; brine; c e; chemistry; cold; et al; fish; food; journal; liquid; martinez; quality; salar; salmon; salting; science; smoke; smoking; storage cache: afs-6020.pdf plain text: afs-6020.txt item: #534 of 872 id: afs-6021 author: Päivi Kanerva, Tuula Sontag-Strohm, Outi Brinck and Hannu Salovaara title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol 20(2011) s. 206-216 date: 2011-09-12 words: 6990 flesch: 59 summary: These gluten methods are able to detect very low levels of prolamin proteins, and new limits for acceptable gluten contents in gluten-free products have been set by the European Union (Commission regulation (EC) Prolamin proteins are – by one definition – aqueous-alcohol soluble; however, some of them form alcohol-insoluble structures (Shewry and Halford 2002). keywords: antibody; barley; extraction; gluten; prolamins; propanol; proteins; rye; samples; wheat cache: afs-6021.pdf plain text: afs-6021.txt item: #535 of 872 id: afs-6022 author: Ari Rajala, Markku Niskanen, Mika Isolahti and Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol 20(2011) s. 228-234 date: 2011-09-12 words: 4174 flesch: 70 summary: Seed lot effect on grain yield (kg ha-1), protein concentration (%), hecto liter weight (HLW, kg) and single grain weight (SGW, mg). Seed lots of CCS and FSS>2.7 mm + dis enhanced seedling emergence rate and increased the number of plants compared with other treatments. keywords: fss>2.7; grain; seed; seedling; yield cache: afs-6022.pdf plain text: afs-6022.txt item: #536 of 872 id: afs-6023 author: Jukka Salonen, Terho Hyvönen and Heikki Jalli title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol 20(2011) s. 245-261 date: 2011-09-12 words: 11859 flesch: 77 summary: Altogether 148 weed species were iden- tified, of which 128 were broad-leaved and 20 grass species. The diversity of weed species was described by species richness. keywords: arvensis; cereals; fields; finland; n c; number; species; spring; weed cache: afs-6023.pdf plain text: afs-6023.txt item: #537 of 872 id: afs-6024 author: Kyösti Pietola, Sami Myyrä, Lauri Jauhiainen and Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio title: Agricultural and Food Science date: 2011-12-12 words: 14788 flesch: 69 summary: This way we allow for asymmetry in marginal yield effects with respect to the values of 37 the weather measures. This way we allow for asymmetry in marginal yield effects with respect to the values of 37 the weather measures. keywords: c e; e n; frost; gdd; l t; n c; rainfall; t t; weather; wheat; yield; yield effect cache: afs-6024.pdf plain text: afs-6024.txt item: #538 of 872 id: afs-6025 author: Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh title: Agricultural and Food Science date: 2011-12-12 words: 5919 flesch: 62 summary: An observational analysis of twin births, calf stillbirth, calf sex ratio, and abortion in Iranian Holsteins. There was a slightly increasing genetic trend for stillbirth rate in parities 1 and 2 over time with the analysis of linear animal and linear sire models. keywords: animal; estimates; linear; models; parity; stillbirth; threshold cache: afs-6025.pdf plain text: afs-6025.txt item: #539 of 872 id: afs-6026 author: T. D. Turner*and M.A. McNiven title: Agricultural and Food Science, 4:2011 date: 2011-12-12 words: 3715 flesch: 59 summary: Key words: extrusion, in vitro, N degradability, N digestibility, oilseed, roasting Abbreviations: AA, amino acid; ADF, acid detergent fibre; ADIN, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen; CP, crude protein; EE, ether extract; FA, fatty acid; aNDF-NDF, neutral detergent fibre using amylase, ash inclusive; N, nitrogen A Oilseed N degradability and N digest- ibility There was an interaction effect between the oilseed type and heat treatment for the N degra- dability and (p<0.001) N digestibility (p<0.05). keywords: canola; degradability; digestibility; extrusion; heat; linseed; oilseeds; soybean cache: afs-6026.pdf plain text: afs-6026.txt item: #540 of 872 id: afs-6027 author: Zofia Lisiewska*, Piotr Gębczyński, Jacek Słupski, Katarzyna Kur title: Agricultural and Food Science 4:2011 date: 2011-12-12 words: 6543 flesch: 62 summary: Oxalates in root vegetables Vol. 20(2011): 305–314. 309308 to calculate the oxalate:calcium ratio and calcium bound as calcium oxalate. Oxalate:calcium ratio, calcium bound as calcium oxalate and oxalate true reten- tion Fresh beetroots contained the highest amount of oxalates and the lowest amount of calcium, giving a high oxalate:calcium ratio (Table 3). keywords: calcium; consumption; content; cooking; food; oxalates; total; vegetables cache: afs-6027.pdf plain text: afs-6027.txt item: #541 of 872 id: afs-6028 author: Skaidre Suproniene, Audrone Mankeviciene, Grazina Kadziene, Dalia Feiziene, Virginijus Feiza, Roma title: Agricultural and Food Science 4:2011 date: 2011-12-12 words: 7042 flesch: 65 summary: infected 1.1% of winter wheat grains in 2005 and 0.3− 4.4% of spring wheat grains in 2007− 2008. Pyr- enophora, Nigrospora, Trichoderma and Ulocla- dium were identified only on spring wheat grains. keywords: 2006; et al; fertilization; fungal; fungi; fusarium; grain; species; spring; tillage; wheat; wheat grain; winter cache: afs-6028.pdf plain text: afs-6028.txt item: #542 of 872 id: afs-6029 author: Hattem Mekky, Maged Mohamed, Colin Lazarus, J. Brian Power and Michael R. Davey title: Agricultural and Food Science 4:2011 date: 2011-12-12 words: 7699 flesch: 63 summary: Table 3 and Figure 6 show the concentrations of prostaglandins in transformed plants of the cv. Plants were transformed by genes encoding Δ9-specific elongating activity from Isochrysis galbana, Δ8-desaturase from Euglena gracilis and ∆5-desaturase from Mortierella alpina, either separately or in combination; transgenic plants were selected on culture medium containing glufosinate ammonium for those transformed with the ∆9-elongase gene alone or in combination with the ∆8-desaturase gene, or kanamycin for plants transformed with the ∆5-desaturase gene. keywords: acid; brussels; c e; chicory; desaturase; e n; fatty; genes; n c; plants; vlcpufas cache: afs-6029.pdf plain text: afs-6029.txt item: #543 of 872 id: afs-60293 author: None title: afs-60293 date: 2017-08-15 words: 6219 flesch: 63 summary: Although LED as both top and interlight was an extreme lighting combi- nation due to reduced light intensity of LED top light, we wanted to compare it to HPS if the spectral composition of LED could compensate its PPF insufficiency in cucumber high wire cultivation. Light production efficien- cy is better in LED than for HPS lights (µmol PAR J-1 electricity) and their efficiency is increasing in contrast to HPS units (Ouzonis et al. 2015c, Pattison et al. 2016). keywords: cucumber; fruit; hps; interlight; leaf; leaves; light; lighting; treatments; yield cache: afs-60293.pdf plain text: afs-60293.txt item: #544 of 872 id: afs-6030 author: Jukka Salonen, Pauliina Laitinen, Marketta Saastamoinen and Juha Salopelto title: Agricultural and Food Science, vol 20(2011) s. 262-268 date: 2011-09-12 words: 3905 flesch: 66 summary: However, the yield levels in weed survey fields, 1 550 – 1 850 kg ha-1, were clearly lower than the above-mentioned potential average yield. However, the results from oilseed crop fields are applicable for comparison of the weed species producing the highest biomass, for example in spring cereals. keywords: fields; oilseed; weed cache: afs-6030.pdf plain text: afs-6030.txt item: #545 of 872 id: afs-60413 author: None title: afs-60413 date: 2017-04-29 words: 6607 flesch: 61 summary: Key words: beef production, bulls, carcass characteristics, feed intake, grass silage, growth Introduction Grass silage is the basic component of diets for growing cattle in Northern Europe. The nutritive value of grass silage depends of the stage of growth at harvesting and the changes in the chemical composition during ensiling (Huhtanen et al. 2007). keywords: bulls; carcass; cut; feeding; g kg-1; grass; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage cache: afs-60413.pdf plain text: afs-60413.txt item: #546 of 872 id: afs-60443 author: None title: afs-60443 date: 2017-08-15 words: 8069 flesch: 61 summary: The total P and K concentrations of the fresh manures were slightly higher in the pelleted straw than in the peat and wood shavings manures (Table 1). The decrease was highest (50%) in the pelleted straw manure followed by wood shavings manure (30%) and peat manure (20%). keywords: bedding; composting; et al; horse; manure; peat; shavings; soluble; straw; total; water; wood cache: afs-60443.pdf plain text: afs-60443.txt item: #547 of 872 id: afs-60516 author: None title: afs-60516 date: 2017-10-20 words: 8401 flesch: 66 summary: Key words: beef, zubron meat, European bison meat, nutritive value, meat quality Introduction The development of the European bison (Bison bonasus) population in Europe enables them to be used for semen and crossed with dairy or beef cattle (Bos taurus). Based on earlier observations (Rule et al. 2002, Haščík et al. 2011, McDaniel et al. 2013), which showed that the chemical composition of American bison and European bison meat is nutritionally more beneficial com- pared to beef, it was hypothesised that zubron meat would have a higher nutritive value than beef. keywords: acids; beef; bison; bison meat; cattle; composition; content; differences; et al; european; european bison; fatty; meat; value; zubron; zubron meat cache: afs-60516.pdf plain text: afs-60516.txt item: #548 of 872 id: afs-6082 author: None title: afs-6082 date: 2012-06-04 words: 5321 flesch: 66 summary: Therefore, lactic acid treatment may be an alternative to extend pork shelf life. Lactic acid treatments were done based on randomized factorial design of two factors (Lactic acid concentration and immersion time) with two levels, 1 and 3% (v v-1), and 1 and 3 minutes, respectively and 3 central points (2% and 2 minutes), one replicate for each experimental condition was used. keywords: acid; loss; meat; samples; taste; treatment; weight cache: afs-6082.pdf plain text: afs-6082.txt item: #549 of 872 id: afs-6105 author: None title: afs-6105 date: 2012-12-18 words: 8575 flesch: 69 summary: In peat soil cultivar ‘Arne’ had the lowest number of shoots compared to ‘Northblue’ and ‘Alvar’. In peat soil cultivar ‘Aino’ had the nar- rowest leaf but only ‘Arne’ demonstrated the widest leaf in both years. keywords: aino; arne; blueberry; cultivar; effect; mineral; northblue; p<0.05; peat; peat soil; plants; soil; soil type; type; yield cache: afs-6105.pdf plain text: afs-6105.txt item: #550 of 872 id: afs-61076 author: None title: afs-61076 date: 2017-10-20 words: 6738 flesch: 60 summary: The aim of this study was to assess the differences between pea cultivars in Land Equivalent Ratio for grain yield (LER yield ) when intercropped with oat and to understand the reasons for the different performance of pea culti- vars in intercrops. As earlier studies have indicated that the choice of pea cultivars in intercrops is more critical than that of cereal cultivars (Hauggaard-Nielsen and Jensen 2001), three pea cultivars ‒ differing in growth char- acteristics ‒ were selected for this study to find a compatible candidate exhibiting consistently high LER yield in high latitude conditions. keywords: cultivar; hulda; intercrops; ler; oat; pea; peltonen; perttu; sainio; yield cache: afs-61076.pdf plain text: afs-61076.txt item: #551 of 872 id: afs-6249 author: None title: afs-6249 date: 2012-06-04 words: 8516 flesch: 67 summary: The growth substrate was a mixture of field soil (50% weight) and sterile sand (50% weight). Field soil, sand and fertilizer were carefully mixed in a concrete-mixer. keywords: brassicae; c e; clubroot; disease; effect; field; n c; oilseed; plants; soil; symptoms cache: afs-6249.pdf plain text: afs-6249.txt item: #552 of 872 id: afs-63053 author: None title: afs-63053 date: 2018-06-20 words: 7364 flesch: 62 summary: Similarly, in the present experiment carcass fatness increased numerically with increasing growth rate. 4) Restricted feeding during part or whole growing period improves the average feed conversion rate and reduces fatness compared to unrestricted feeding. keywords: animal; barley; bulls; carcass; et al; experiment; feeding; growing; growth; intake; kg-1; period; silage cache: afs-63053.pdf plain text: afs-63053.txt item: #553 of 872 id: afs-63132 author: None title: afs-63132 date: 2017-12-27 words: 5783 flesch: 63 summary: The objectives of this research were to define the linear viscoelastic rheological properties of large scale production Edam-type cheese, to characterize the effect of ripening (from three days to 10 weeks) and to determine the effect of the type of starters, cheese com- position and cheese milk on the rheological properties of Edam-type cheese. The current authors propose that the different dynamics of the cheeses’ rheological properties resulted from dissimilar protein con- tents and coagulation properties of cheese milk, accompanied with variation in the quantity and quality of bonds between caseins. keywords: cheese; fat; milk; moisture; properties; protein; ripening; week cache: afs-63132.pdf plain text: afs-63132.txt item: #554 of 872 id: afs-63156 author: None title: afs-63156 date: 2017-10-21 words: 9114 flesch: 60 summary: Heavy metal contents and bioaccumulation index (BAI) Tables S1 and S2 demonstrate that the content of toxic heavy metals in wheat grain as well as in the soil did not exceed the international permissible limits for heavy metals in soil and plants (in reference to WHO In the third year, the fertilization with MS+BD resulted in a non-significant decrease in wheat grain yield compared to NPK. keywords: content; et al; fertilization; grain; ha-1; ms+bd; npk; soil; total; waste; wheat cache: afs-63156.pdf plain text: afs-63156.txt item: #555 of 872 id: afs-6321 author: None title: afs-6321 date: 2012-12-13 words: 8631 flesch: 66 summary: Soil nutritional factors improve plant species distribution models: an illustration with Acer campestre (L.) in France. The first step in the risk assessment of weed range expansion is predicting the probability of successful establishment of weed species by matching climate data. keywords: change; climate; data; distribution; et al; europe; land; modelling; models; species; use; weed cache: afs-6321.pdf plain text: afs-6321.txt item: #556 of 872 id: afs-63275 author: None title: afs-63275 date: 2017-10-21 words: 8534 flesch: 62 summary: Therefore the relative share of energy consumption in milk cooling increases with respect to water heating when the amount of milk produced increases (Peebles et al. 1994). Energy consumption of feeding, as well as the form of energy used (diesel or electricity), varies greatly between farms due to the large number of different available technologies. keywords: cooling; energy; energy consumption; farm; heat; heating; milk; milk cooling; milking; process; system; temperature; water cache: afs-63275.pdf plain text: afs-63275.txt item: #557 of 872 id: afs-63668 author: None title: afs-63668 date: 2017-12-27 words: 5993 flesch: 64 summary: Instead, nitrate leaching shows a weak trend in relation to N rate for N rates EONR. We therefore parameterised a bivariate linear function for EONR prediction (Equation 4). keywords: 2017; data; eonr; ha-1; models; prediction; rate; trials; wheat; yield cache: afs-63668.pdf plain text: afs-63668.txt item: #558 of 872 id: afs-63739 author: None title: afs-63739 date: 2017-12-27 words: 7086 flesch: 66 summary: I E N C E A.S. Dahlin & M. Stenberg (2017) 26: 188–197 188 Effect of wood ash and crushed rock soil amendments on red clover growth and dinitrogen fixation A. Sigrun Dahlin1 and Maria Stenberg2 1Soil and Environment, SLU, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden 2Soil and Environment, SLU, P.O. Box 234, SE-532 23 Skara, Sweden e-mail: Sigrun.Dahlin@slu.se The fertiliser effect of adding wood ash or crushed rock to a low-fertility soil, compared with an unamended control, was assessed in a pot experiment with a perennial ryegrass-red clover mixture. Effect of wood ash and crushed rock soil amendments on redclover growth and dinitrogen fixation Introduction Materials and methods Results Soil characteristics Plant growth Plant N concentrations and N fixation Plant element concentrations and offtakes Relations of plant DW and N2 fixation with soil and plant variables Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References keywords: ash; clover; concentrations; control; cut; fixation; grass; kg-1; m-2; ns ns; plant; rock; soil; wood cache: afs-63739.pdf plain text: afs-63739.txt item: #559 of 872 id: afs-6387 author: None title: afs-6387 date: 2012-12-18 words: 5371 flesch: 64 summary: I E N C E F.K. Sabir (2012) 21: 421–429 421 Postharvest quality response of broccoli florets to combined application of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging Ferhan K. Sabir University of Selcuk, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 42075, Konya, Turkey e-mail: fkbasmaci@selcuk.edu.tr 1-MCP plus MAP application better performed in maintaining the quality of broccoli florets during 28-day-storage. keywords: acid; broccoli; control; florets; loss; map; mcp; postharvest; quality; storage; total cache: afs-6387.pdf plain text: afs-6387.txt item: #560 of 872 id: afs-6389 author: None title: afs-6389 date: 2012-12-18 words: 6577 flesch: 62 summary: At the low soil temperature, among the P fractions, the addition of 33P fertilizer (50 mg l-1) caused a significant increase only in the NH 4 Cl-ex- tractable 33P content for both -P and +P soils. In our study, however, even ample 33P fertilization in +P soil was unable to compensate for the growth retardation caused by low soil temperature. keywords: 33p; barley; fertilization; growth; plant; soil; temperature cache: afs-6389.pdf plain text: afs-6389.txt item: #561 of 872 id: afs-64207 author: None title: afs-64207 date: 2018-01-05 words: 5453 flesch: 64 summary: Spring barley N P K N P K N P K N P K 0 (no fertilizer) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Control NPK 160 40 140 160 40 140 100 40 110 100 40 110 1.0 Mg MBM+K 79 47 143 79 47 143 79 47 113 79 47 113 1.5 Mg MBM+K 118 70 145 118 70 145 118 70 115 118 70 115 2.0 Mg MBM+K 158 93 147 158 93 147 158 93 117 158 93 117 2.5 Mg MBM+K 197 117 149 197 117 149 197 117 118 197 117 118 NPK = mineral fertilization; Soil analyses revealed that the available P con- tent of soil increased significantly throughout the study (Table 4). keywords: doses; mbm; mineral; soil; year cache: afs-64207.pdf plain text: afs-64207.txt item: #562 of 872 id: afs-6423 author: None title: afs-6423 date: 2012-12-13 words: 4121 flesch: 67 summary: Increasing MBM doses contributed to an in- crease in maize grain yield and 1000-grain weight. TGW (g) Mean for treatment (g) 2010 2011 2010 2011 Control NPK 7.12 5.16 6.14a 265.2 254.5 259.8ab 1.0 t MBM+K 6.25 4.79 5.52b 253.4 253.9 253.7a 1.5 t MBM+K 7.03 5.92 6.48a 263.9 257.8 260.9ab 2.0 t MBM+K 7.55 5.53 6.54a 268.9 258.3 263.6bc 2.5 t MBM+K 7.31 7.54 7.43c 273.4 267.9 270.6c Mean for years 7.05a 5.79b – 265.0a 258.5b – Over a two-year experimental period, correlations were observed between an increase in MBM doses and an in- crease in maize grain yield and 1000-grain weight, but only the lowest MBM dose decreased grain yield, in com- parison with the control treatment. keywords: dose; grain; maize; mbm; nitrogen cache: afs-6423.pdf plain text: afs-6423.txt item: #563 of 872 id: afs-6428 author: None title: afs-6428 date: 2012-06-04 words: 3612 flesch: 59 summary: Two novel species were isolated from the inside of cheeses: the arctic yeast, C. statzelliae, has not previously been isolated from cheese, and may have been acquired environ- mentally; likewise, D. nepalensis, which is soil-borne, and a halotolerant spoilage agent (Kumar et al. 2008). Mycotoxins previously detected in cheeses include sterigmatocystin (most common mycotoxin in cheese, produced by Aspergillus versicolor), aflatoxins (Aspergillus flavus / Aspergillus parasiticus), ochratoxin A (Penicillium nordicum), patulin (P. griseofulvum), cyclopiazonic acid (P. camemberti, P. palitans, P. griseofulvum), roquefortine and mycophenolic acid (P. roqueforti) (Frisvad et al. 2007, Stark 2007, Pitt and Hocking 2009). keywords: cellar; cheese; lab; penicillium; rind; species cache: afs-6428.pdf plain text: afs-6428.txt item: #564 of 872 id: afs-64417 author: None title: afs-64417 date: 2017-10-20 words: 7223 flesch: 63 summary: This is in contrast to the study of Faldet and Satter (1991) in which reported a depression in milk protein for cows consuming the heated soybean diet compared to the soybean meal diet. On many farms, nitrogen efficiency is unnecessarily low and the cost for protein feed is relatively high due to overestimation of the marginal response in milk production in relation to pro- tein supplementation. keywords: cows; dairy; diet; et al; heat; milk; production; protein; rapeseed; vs. cache: afs-64417.pdf plain text: afs-64417.txt item: #565 of 872 id: afs-64945 author: None title: afs-64945 date: 2017-12-27 words: 12177 flesch: 50 summary: Preferences elicited in choice experiment studies are conditional on the design of the choice tasks. While caution is needed in the generalization of stated preferences derived from choice experiment studies to eventual outcomes, the hypothetical cooperative investment instruments presented in this study were not rejected outright in our sample of informed investors. keywords: alternative; attributes; capital; choice; choice experiment; class; cooperative; economics; experiment; instruments; investment; investors; journal; model; new; preferences; respondents; return; risk cache: afs-64945.pdf plain text: afs-64945.txt item: #566 of 872 id: afs-6510 author: None title: afs-6510 date: 2012-09-28 words: 8518 flesch: 68 summary: The samples were kept in rain (deionised water; 21 mm h-1) for 90 min and three bottles (500 ml each) of surface runoff water collected for analysis. In earlier studies, artificial wetlands and the addition of P-sorbing materials to runoff water were tested as methods for purifying paddock runoff (Närvänen et al. 2008, Kynkääniemi et al. 2010). keywords: ca(oh; concentrations; drp; footing; ha-1; materials; rainfall; runoff; sand; study; water; woodchips cache: afs-6510.pdf plain text: afs-6510.txt item: #567 of 872 id: afs-6513 author: None title: afs-6513 date: 2012-09-28 words: 9846 flesch: 57 summary: It thus seems that Fe oxide–rich materials may in laboratory tests yield P:Fe ratios well above the molar ratio of 0.1 (up to about 0.3 for biogenic Fe hydroxide studied by Rentz et al. 2009) when fed with P solutions, but a P:Fe value of 0.1 would probably be close to the maximum P saturation that Fe hydroxide–rich materials can realistically achieve in field barriers where the material contacts water occasionally low in soluble P. The granules showed a high P retention efficiency and rapid P retention in P solution concentrations of 1 and 10 mg l-1 (Fig. 1). keywords: feed; granules; incubation; loss; oxide; phosphate; pre; release; retention; solution; test; water cache: afs-6513.pdf plain text: afs-6513.txt item: #568 of 872 id: afs-65149 author: None title: afs-65149 date: 2018-03-27 words: 4268 flesch: 64 summary: The statistical analysis of the results of the study showed a significant effect of the type of liquid used on the value of copper deposit on winter oilseed rape plants. The highest values of copper deposit from the preparation containing nanocollide particles were obtained for winter oilseed rape plants at the BBCH 12 development phase. keywords: bbch; copper; deposit; fan; flat; mpa; nozzle; plants; pressure; rape cache: afs-65149.pdf plain text: afs-65149.txt item: #569 of 872 id: afs-6520 author: None title: afs-6520 date: 2012-12-13 words: 6944 flesch: 67 summary: Howev- er, there is lack of published information on the growth, carcass traits and meat quality parameters of beef bulls slaughtered at such high carcass weights. The target for average slaugh- ter age in the experiment was 18 months (540 days) which is the average slaughter age for beef bulls in Finland (Huuskonen et al. 2012). keywords: ab×li; angus; beef; breed; bulls; carcass; et al; fat; limousin; meat; quality; science cache: afs-6520.pdf plain text: afs-6520.txt item: #570 of 872 id: afs-65247 author: None title: afs-65247 date: 2017-12-28 words: 6891 flesch: 60 summary: For example, a lack of viable infrastructure (such as trained loss adjusters and product delivery systems) and sufficient data may cause major obstacles to the development of crop insurance schemes, even in developed countries (Smith and Glauber 2012). EU member states were able to use CAP subsidies for crop insurance schemes in 2015, but this possibility was not utilised in Finland. keywords: average; cdc; cdc scheme; crop; farm; government; hectares; insurance; insurance scheme; losses; scheme cache: afs-65247.pdf plain text: afs-65247.txt item: #571 of 872 id: afs-65392 author: None title: afs-65392 date: 2019-02-14 words: 7075 flesch: 52 summary: Organic horticulture production faces production and market risks, and seek- ing other income outside farming is one risk management strategy. These results suggest potential to increase organic production could be found particularly among smaller part-time enterprises actively seeking new crops and knowledge. keywords: 2010; agriculture; area; et al; farmers; farming; farms; horticulture; interest; model; predictors; production; variables cache: afs-65392.pdf plain text: afs-65392.txt item: #572 of 872 id: afs-65429 author: None title: afs-65429 date: 2018-03-27 words: 7870 flesch: 58 summary: Tie stall housing systems on dairy farms. The concept of farm animal welfare is rooted in public concern for how animals are treated and today integrates the interests and concerns of differ- ent stakeholders, including producers, governments, the general public and, of course, the animals themselves. keywords: animal; area; barns; dairy; farms; feeding; housing; itsf; stall; systems; tie; values; welfare cache: afs-65429.pdf plain text: afs-65429.txt item: #573 of 872 id: afs-6632 author: None title: afs-6632 date: 2013-03-27 words: 18142 flesch: 57 summary: This fraction can be defined as indigestible NDF (iNDF), and it can be determined e.g. by extended incubations in situ (Huhtanen et al. 1994) or in vitro (Van Soest et al. 2005). The model was revised to include other variables that significantly influence SDMI (Huhtanen et al. 2007). keywords: acid; animal; concentrate; concentration; cows; dairy; diets; digestibility; effects; et al; feed; fermentation; forage; grass; grass silage; huhtanen et; intake; jaakkola; journal; milk; ndf; nousiainen; omd; p. huhtanen; production; protein; rumen; science; silage cache: afs-6632.pdf plain text: afs-6632.txt item: #574 of 872 id: afs-66541 author: None title: afs-66541 date: 2018-06-27 words: 8899 flesch: 65 summary: I E N C E E. Stoltz et al. (2018) 27: 110–123 110 Functional divergence effects of intercropped faba bean and maize in organic production for forage increase mineral contents and reduces leaf spots Eva Stoltz1, Ann-Charlotte Wallenhammar1 and Elisabet Nadeau2, 3 1Research & Development, Rural Economy and Agricultural Society|HS Konsult AB, Box 271, 701 45 Örebro, Sweden 2Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, 53223 Skara, Sweden 3Research & Development, Rural Economy and Agricultural Society Sjuhärad, Rådde Gård, Box 5007, 514 05 Länghem, Sweden e-mail: eva.stoltz@hush.se Multispecies cropping systems contribute to sustainable agriculture with multiple ecosystem services. The mineral nutrient LER of intercropped faba bean and maize together with their total LER are shown in Table 9. keywords: bean; concentrations; faba; faba bean; intercropping; maize; mineral; ns ns; nutrients cache: afs-66541.pdf plain text: afs-66541.txt item: #575 of 872 id: afs-66719 author: None title: afs-66719 date: 2018-03-28 words: 7421 flesch: 64 summary: Carcass fat score is an integral component of carcass value (Bown et al. 2016) and Carcass fat score tended (p=0.0514) to be greater for T3 than T4 and T1 while T2 was intermediate. keywords: animal; bulls; carcass; concentrate; dairy; et al; fat; finishing; g kg-1; kg-1 molasses; kg-1 soya; meal; pasture; weight cache: afs-66719.pdf plain text: afs-66719.txt item: #576 of 872 id: afs-6673 author: None title: afs-6673 date: 2013-03-19 words: 9264 flesch: 63 summary: Key words: clover silage, feed intake, grass silage, maize silage, milk quality Introduction This paper focuses on silages used for milk production in the maritime region of North–West Europe. Meath, Ireland e-mail: richard.dewhurst@teagasc.ie The high rates of rumen fermentation, physical breakdown and passage rates from the rumen of legume silages lead to higher intakes than for grass silages of comparable digestibility. keywords: clover; clover silage; cows; dairy; dewhurst; effect; et al; grass; grass silage; intake; maize; milk; production; red; rumen; science; silage cache: afs-6673.pdf plain text: afs-6673.txt item: #577 of 872 id: afs-6698 author: None title: afs-6698 date: 2013-03-27 words: 6423 flesch: 57 summary: In the studies in which L.buchneri was used as an in- oculant for silage fermentation, an anaerobic degradation of moderate amounts of lactic acid to acetic acid un- der anaerobic conditions was observed (Driehuis et al. 1999). Kleinschmitt and Kung (2006) indicated that the improved aerobic stability has been observed in different types of forages when acetic and propionic acid production in silage fermentation increased with L. buchneri inoculation. keywords: acid; kg-1; lactic; ryegrass; silage; stability cache: afs-6698.pdf plain text: afs-6698.txt item: #578 of 872 id: afs-6699 author: None title: afs-6699 date: 2013-03-19 words: 15728 flesch: 58 summary: Furthermore, surveys in Europe and United States of America have shown a high inci- dence of DON in maize silages (see next section) and the average and range of DON concentrations are similar in maize silage and unfermented maize products used as feed ingredient (Dänicke et al. 2000). Unexpectedly, high concentrations of butyric acid bacteria spores were detected more often in maize silage than in grass silage (Table 2). keywords: acid; aflatoxin; bacillus; bacteria; butyric; coli; concentrations; contamination; dairy; don; driehuis; et al; food; grass; growth; journal; maize; maize silage; milk; monocytogenes; mycotoxins; products; science; silage; species; spores cache: afs-6699.pdf plain text: afs-6699.txt item: #579 of 872 id: afs-6700 author: None title: afs-6700 date: 2013-03-27 words: 2666 flesch: 68 summary: In practice the only way to determine the bulk density of grass silage is to measure and weigh silage blocks. Silage blocks cut by a tractor-mounted block cut- ter are used to determine compaction as they are easy to extract, weigh and measure. keywords: block; cylinder; density; drilling; silage cache: afs-6700.pdf plain text: afs-6700.txt item: #580 of 872 id: afs-6702 author: None title: afs-6702 date: 2013-03-26 words: 12163 flesch: 52 summary: Options for reducing gaseous emissions during slurry storage include covering the store, the effectiveness of which will depend on the nature of the cover (e.g. Sommer et al. 1993, Blanes-Vidal et al. 2009, van der Zaag et al. 2010b) with natural crust formation providing some mitigation (Misselbrook et al. 2005a, Petersen et al. 2005). (2010) discuss the use of genetic selection tools for breeding schemes with the aims of improving productivity and efficiency and, potentially, selecting for inherently low CH 4 emitting animals, although it is important that this selection is on the basis of multiple traits including feed efficiency, particularly for predominantly forage-fed animals, and yield to ensure that gains are realised as reduced emissions per unit product. keywords: ammonia; application; dairy; e.g.; emissions; et al; farm; fertiliser; grazing; journal; livestock; losses; management; manure; misselbrook; mitigation; potential; production; science; slurry; soil; use; water cache: afs-6702.pdf plain text: afs-6702.txt item: #581 of 872 id: afs-6703 author: None title: afs-6703 date: 2013-03-26 words: 16091 flesch: 71 summary: The three feed- ing trials comprised in total 48 purebred Hf bulls (Hf dams sired by Hf bulls) and 48 purebred Ch bulls (Ch dams sired by Ch bulls) in order that there were 32 bulls per trial. The target for average carcass weight in the experiment was 380 kg for Hf bulls and 420 kg for Ch bulls which are nowadays the average slaugh- ter weights for Hf and Ch bulls in Finland (Huuskonen et al. 2012). keywords: beef; breed; bulls; carcass; concentrate; effects; et al; fatty; grass; kg-1; level; meat; proportion; protein; rsm; silage; supplementation cache: afs-6703.pdf plain text: afs-6703.txt item: #582 of 872 id: afs-6705 author: None title: afs-6705 date: 2013-03-27 words: 4955 flesch: 62 summary: I E N C E S. Orosz et al. (2013) 22: 182–188 182 Microbial status, aerobic stability and fermentation of maize silage sealed with an oxygen barrier film or standard polyethylene film Szilvia Orosz1, John M. Wilkinson2, Simon Wigley 3, Zsolt Bíró4 and Judit Galló4 1 Szent István University, Department of Nutrition, H-2100 Gödöllő, POB 3, Hungary 2 School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK 3 Bruno Rimini Ltd., 309 Ballards Lane, London N12 8NP, UK 4 Szent István University, Institute of Wildlife Conservation, H-2100 Gödöllő, POB 3, Hungary e-mail: Orosz.Szilvia@mkk.szie.hu An experiment was conducted to compare a bunker silo sealing system comprising an oxygen barrier film (OB: 45μm thickness) with protective woven polypropylene with one comprising standard black polyethylene film (S, 125μm thickness) with protective tyres. Key words: maize silage, oxygen barrier film, fermentation, moulds, aerobic stability Introduction Many factors can affect the deterioration and loss of nutrients during the conservation and feed-out of silage, in- cluding crop maturity, the use of additive, particle size, rate of silo filling, packing density, type of plastic sealing and the fermentation profile of the ensiled material (Johnson et al. 2002, Holmes and Bolsen 2009). keywords: acid; film; maize; oxygen; sealing; silage; stability; system cache: afs-6705.pdf plain text: afs-6705.txt item: #583 of 872 id: afs-6709 author: None title: afs-6709 date: 2013-03-26 words: 8109 flesch: 66 summary: Initially, treated silages had higher DM-losses than control silages, the difference be- ing significant (p ≤ 0.05) up to weeks 4, 4, 3 and 2 after ensiling for stages 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. With longer ensiling, DM-losses for treated silages were no longer different (p > 0.05) from control silages and became even smaller (p ≤ 0.05) after 8, 7 and 4 weeks for stages 1, 3 and 4, respectively. keywords: content; control; effect; ensiling; grass; growth; inoculant; ndf; silage; stage cache: afs-6709.pdf plain text: afs-6709.txt item: #584 of 872 id: afs-6710 author: None title: afs-6710 date: 2013-03-27 words: 4520 flesch: 57 summary: Two of the main management factors affecting herbage quality and nutritive value are herbage species and stage of maturity at harvest. On average for the herbage samples pre-ensiling, DMD decreased (p<0.01) with advancing harvest date, with herbage CP concentration being highest (p<0.001) for the early harvest date (Harvest 1, May 12) (Tables 1 and 3). keywords: cake; clover; concentration; ensiling; fraction; fractionation; harvest; herbage; press; species cache: afs-6710.pdf plain text: afs-6710.txt item: #585 of 872 id: afs-6711 author: None title: afs-6711 date: 2013-03-26 words: 7009 flesch: 61 summary: Since L. buchneri is a slow-growing bacterial species, the pH might drop slowly in L. buchneri inoculated silage, allowing enterobacteria more time for protein breakdown, possibly resulting in elevated ammonia levels and higher ammonia nitrogen fraction (Driehuis et al. 2001). Ammonia contents were systematically higher in L. buchneri inoculated silage for all three silage types, but this was confirmed statistically only in the alfalfa-ryegrass silage. keywords: acid; aerobic; alfalfa; buchneri; clover; dosage; kg-1; maize; ryegrass; silage cache: afs-6711.pdf plain text: afs-6711.txt item: #586 of 872 id: afs-6715 author: None title: afs-6715 date: 2013-03-26 words: 3399 flesch: 67 summary: According to the applied method for determining DM losses on farm scale, a guideline of 8% can be suggested for maximum DM losses in bunker silos for grass and maize silages. The method of determining DM losses was the total-in versus total-out DM mass flow of the silos, including the determination of DM content and other silage parameters via manual sampling. keywords: feed; grass; losses; maize; silages; silos cache: afs-6715.pdf plain text: afs-6715.txt item: #587 of 872 id: afs-6717 author: None title: afs-6717 date: 2013-03-26 words: 5231 flesch: 61 summary: Key words: inoculant, in vitro fermentation, silage, microbial biomass yield, gas production Introduction Microbial silage inoculants are additives used to improve silage fermentation (Muck and Kung 1997). In contrast, the only effect of LP on silage fermentation in Maize-HDM was a lower pH at day 4 (4.339 vs. 4.388), and in Maize-LDM a higher ethanol concentration at day 60 (15 vs. 10 g kg-1 DM). keywords: ethanol; extracts; fermentation; lucerne; maize; mby; silage cache: afs-6717.pdf plain text: afs-6717.txt item: #588 of 872 id: afs-6718 author: None title: afs-6718 date: 2013-03-15 words: 10612 flesch: 56 summary: The LAB isolates matched known silage species with the exception of Lactobacillus zeae. Silage inoculants are widely available, but of greater interest has been research investigating why inoculants are so successful. keywords: acid; bacteria; ensiling; et al; fermentation; inoculants; journal; lactobacillus; maize; microbiology; muck; pcr; silage; species; strains; techniques cache: afs-6718.pdf plain text: afs-6718.txt item: #589 of 872 id: afs-6739 author: None title: afs-6739 date: 2013-03-27 words: 9235 flesch: 61 summary: Temperature Differences in silage temperature during aerobic exposure are shown in Table 5. Because a constant ambient temperature could not be provided exactly during all trials (see Table 1), silage temperature is expressed as dif- ference to ambient temperature (∆T). keywords: acid; days; deterioration; dmi; et al; exposure; intake; kg-1; matter; n.d; preference; silage; temperature; trials cache: afs-6739.pdf plain text: afs-6739.txt item: #590 of 872 id: afs-67673 author: None title: afs-67673 date: 2018-06-26 words: 8300 flesch: 57 summary: Boulanger and Philippidis (2015) found very small effects on agricultural production resulting from large EU farm budget cuts (–50%) in the EU 28, as well as in several member states. The support should not provide primary incentives for agricultural production and necessary farm investments. keywords: beef; cap; farm; finland; lehtonen; milk; model; payments; policy; prices; production; support cache: afs-67673.pdf plain text: afs-67673.txt item: #591 of 872 id: afs-67703 author: None title: afs-67703 date: 2018-03-28 words: 7160 flesch: 65 summary: Critical soil test P concentra- tions for vegetables should be established to avoid unnecessary build-up of soil P that may be uneconomical and elevate the risk for P losses to waterways. Comparisons between recommendations in different countries, even with similar climate and soil settings, are not straightforward when the methods for soil P testing are different. keywords: cabbage; ha-1; mikkeli; onion; piikkiö; responses; soil; stp; yield cache: afs-67703.pdf plain text: afs-67703.txt item: #592 of 872 id: afs-67704 author: None title: afs-67704 date: 2018-03-30 words: 7170 flesch: 58 summary: Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the ability of F. graminearum, F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum to systemically colonize barley plants starting from the stem base by visual, scanning electron microscope and Real-Time PCR methods and to verify the possible DON accumulation in the head. (Covarelli et al. 2012) for F. culmorum; Fg16N F (5’-ACAGATGACAAGATTCAG- GCACA-3’) and Fg16N R (5’-CTTTGACATCTGTTCAACCCA-3’ (Nicholson et al. 1998) for F. graminearum; Fptri3e F (5’-CAAGTTTGATCCAGGGTAATCC-3’) and Fptri3e R (5’-GCTGTTTCTCTTAGTCTTCCTCA-3’) keywords: 2013; barley; base; culmorum; don; et al; fcr; fungal; fusarium; graminearum; head; plant; pseudograminearum; segment; stem; wheat cache: afs-67704.pdf plain text: afs-67704.txt item: #593 of 872 id: afs-6773 author: None title: afs-6773 date: 2012-09-28 words: 9836 flesch: 63 summary: Soil P status (soil test P, or STP) was analysed through extraction of P with a solution of 0.5 M ammonium acetate and 0.5 M acetic acid at pH 4.65 (Vuorinen a Mäkitie 1955). 2 µm sized aggregates, probably by decreas- ing so-called diffuse erosion (see Aura et al. 2006) that may take place when the soil is wet (e.g., when soil frost has melted and released water to the soil) and small clay particles can be transported by Brownian motion from aggregates to soil water. keywords: amendment; et al; field; flow; gypsum; icecream; losses; macropore; model; phosphorus; soil; surface; water cache: afs-6773.pdf plain text: afs-6773.txt item: #594 of 872 id: afs-67837 author: None title: afs-67837 date: 2018-03-29 words: 8776 flesch: 59 summary: The total Se concentration in the shoots found for the Soil VI /Leaf IV treatment 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 225000 250000 C PS Time/min 6 hours 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 225000 250000 C PS Time/min 7 days 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 225000 250000 C PS Time/min 14 days a) c) b) Se (VI) SeMet MeSeCys Se (VI) SeMet Se (IV) MeSeCys Se (VI) SeMet Se (IV) Fig. 3. The recovery (R %) was calculated by ratio of the sum of Se species to the total Se obtained by the acid digestion method. keywords: /leaf; accumulation; application; brassica; et al; napus; p ≤; plant; selenium; semet; sevi; soil; species cache: afs-67837.pdf plain text: afs-67837.txt item: #595 of 872 id: afs-67840 author: None title: afs-67840 date: 2018-03-30 words: 10992 flesch: 57 summary: Cultivars to face climate change effects on crops and weeds: a review. And significant decrease in dissipation of the untrappedexci- ton (DIo/CSm) in monocultural barnyard plants grown in warmed climate conditions depicts that effective elec- tron transport and carbon assimilation decreased the energy dissipation non-photochemically but increased the photochemical quenching (ETo/CSm and Fv/Fm increased). keywords: activity; barley; barley barnyard; barnyard; barnyard grass; climate; climate conditions; competition; conditions; crop; elevated; fig; grass; interspecific; mix; n.s; p<0.05; plants; temperature; weed cache: afs-67840.pdf plain text: afs-67840.txt item: #596 of 872 id: afs-6830 author: None title: afs-6830 date: 2012-09-28 words: 6373 flesch: 69 summary: Fosfilt filters in an agricultural catchment: a long-term field-scaleexperiment Introduction Study area Materials and methods The filters Monitoring Statistical analysis Results Filter 1 Filter 2 Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References The middle layer of the filter consisted of separate layers of sand and Fosfilt-s. The lowest layer of the filter was made of gravel and included perforated collection pipes, with the goal of percolating water downwards through different types of filter layers. keywords: concentrations; filter; fosfilt; removal; water cache: afs-6830.pdf plain text: afs-6830.txt item: #597 of 872 id: afs-6831 author: None title: afs-6831 date: 2012-09-28 words: 8983 flesch: 65 summary: In clayey catchments discharging into the sea, gypsum may provide an efficient means to reduce P losses from field cultivation. On top of these measures, there are novel techniques that can potentially have an enhanced impact on P losses from high-risk sites (Turtola et al. 2010). keywords: amendment; catchment; et al; finland; gypsum; gypsum amendment; losses; nummenpää; particulate; runoff; soil; total; turbidity cache: afs-6831.pdf plain text: afs-6831.txt item: #598 of 872 id: afs-6832 author: None title: afs-6832 date: 2012-09-28 words: 14763 flesch: 62 summary: In addition to its biophysi- cal effects, its impact on farm profits and interaction with another key phosphorus load reduction measure – the adjustment of fertilizer application and, gradually, soil phosphorus levels to crop need – should be accounted for when assessing economic feasibility. Hence, these loads can be mitigated by depleting soil phosphorus levels; the process may, however, come at the expense of crop yields and farm income and take decades if initial soil phosphorus levels are high. keywords: amendment; drp t; field; finland; gypsum; gypsum amendment; level; load; loading; phosphorus; s t; soil; stp; t l; t t cache: afs-6832.pdf plain text: afs-6832.txt item: #599 of 872 id: afs-6852 author: None title: afs-6852 date: 2013-03-27 words: 19036 flesch: 66 summary: Conclusions It is concluded that evidence from Ireland and UK show that in relation to grass silage digestibility is the most im- portant factor influencing feed-value and consequently the performance of animals offered grass silage based diets. DOMD (DMD) 2 4 6 670 (711) 1.67 1.50 1.21 690 (731) 1.85 1.70 1.44 710 (751) 2.07 1.97 1.77 730 (771) 2.35 2.34 2.32 Major factors affecting digestibility of grass silage Harvest date Most of the factors that effect silage digestibility can be controlled by the producer. keywords: animal; beef; cattle; concentrate; digestibility; effects; ensiling; et al; feed; forage; grass silage; harvest; herbage; intake; keady; keady et; kg-1; maize; performance; silage; silage digestibility; t.w.j; value cache: afs-6852.pdf plain text: afs-6852.txt item: #600 of 872 id: afs-6870 author: None title: afs-6870 date: 2012-09-28 words: 1038 flesch: 40 summary: The review of Klimeski et al. presents principles of dissolved P trapping from runoff with dif- ferent types of materials and methodological aspects to be considered while estimating their potential. Field application of gypsum was further investigated for the economic aspects of its use, as compared with other P mitigation measures, by Iho and Laukkanen. keywords: methods; water cache: afs-6870.pdf plain text: afs-6870.txt item: #601 of 872 id: afs-68870 author: None title: afs-68870 date: 2018-03-27 words: 7221 flesch: 45 summary: The recent establishment of plant facilities has opened new possibilities for collaboration between the Nordic countries but also internationally. Survey results from Nordic plant research facilities collected 2017 Name of facility PhenoDyn: Drought spotter and Planteye Frederiksberg facilities at University of Copenhagen Phenolab Taasterup at University of Copenhagen Greenhouse Taasterup, University of Copenhagen RERAF - Risø Environmental Risk Assessment facility Controlled Environment Facility for Plant Research The Centre for Plant Research in Controlled Climate (SKP) Climate laboratory Holt keywords: 2015; chambers; climate; crop; data; environment; et al; facilities; field; growth; imaging; phenomics; phenotyping; plant; plant phenotyping; research; researchers; traits; university cache: afs-68870.pdf plain text: afs-68870.txt item: #602 of 872 id: afs-68967 author: None title: afs-68967 date: 2019-01-14 words: 6280 flesch: 62 summary: The concentrations of both macronutrients in white mus- tard plants increased with increasing MBM rates. Both N and P uptake increased with increasing MBM rates which supplied 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 g N pot-1 and 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 P pot-1. keywords: content; mbm; mustard; npk; rate; soil; subtilis; treatment cache: afs-68967.pdf plain text: afs-68967.txt item: #603 of 872 id: afs-69057 author: None title: afs-69057 date: 2019-01-14 words: 6087 flesch: 51 summary: For these reasons values of selenium plant content, TSeA and RESe in Se20 treatment in 2015 were higher than in 2014 (Tables 4 and 5). Only Se20 treatment in the second year resulted in plants selenium concentrations raising above threshold. keywords: application; content; et al; foliar; ha-1; maize; plants; selenate; selenium; selenium content; soil; year cache: afs-69057.pdf plain text: afs-69057.txt item: #604 of 872 id: afs-69096 author: None title: afs-69096 date: 2019-01-31 words: 6289 flesch: 66 summary: However there is still a lack of information in the literature about the influence of morphological features of Dactylis glomerata seeds on yield. Seed traits were recorded using a binocular and digitized images of seeds were analyzed applying microscopy Soft Imaging System GmbH analysis (Germany). keywords: branches; dactylis; glomerata; ns ns; order; panicle; seed; traits; utilization; varieties; weight; year cache: afs-69096.pdf plain text: afs-69096.txt item: #605 of 872 id: afs-69116 author: None title: afs-69116 date: 2018-06-27 words: 5706 flesch: 65 summary: In summary, the impact and role of external inoculum on distribution of RLS was shown by detecting Rcc DNA on asymptomatic leaves of winter barley plant sown from uninfected seeds. (2018) 27: 138–145 140 The ability of the Rcc PCR primer Rc3/Rc5 to identify and amplify its target in the presence of a high concentration of nontarget (plant) DNA was analyzed in spiking studies. keywords: barley; collo; cygni; dna; et al; havis; infection; leaves; pcr; ramularia; rcc cache: afs-69116.pdf plain text: afs-69116.txt item: #606 of 872 id: afs-6957 author: None title: afs-6957 date: 2013-03-27 words: 3632 flesch: 61 summary: Conclusions It is concluded that C. argentea and C. ternatea silages of high DM and good quality have the potential to serve as feed supplement in growing pig diets. The consumption of the pigs on the Control diet (890 g DM kg-1 FM) was not significantly different from those on the C. argentea and C. ternatea silage diets, which had half of the DM content. keywords: acid; consumption; diet; forage; kg-1; pigs; silage; ternatea cache: afs-6957.pdf plain text: afs-6957.txt item: #607 of 872 id: afs-69641 author: None title: afs-69641 date: 2019-03-11 words: 6237 flesch: 54 summary: I E N C E A. Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice et al. (2019) 28: 9–17 9 Impact of land use change on organic carbon sequestration in Arenosol Asta Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice1, Liudmila Tripolskaja1, Jonas Volungevicius2 and Eugenija Baksiene1 1Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Voke Branch, Lithuania 2Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Lithuania e-mail: asta.kaz@gmail.com Conversion of arable soils into other land uses can stabilize and increase accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and in addition prevent deterioration in its properties. Organic carbon accumulation in soil LUC Years T (cm) SOC con (g kg-1) BD (Mg m-3) SOC (Mg ha–1) � unfertilised 1995 28 9.5±0.08 1.36±0.02 37.8 a 2015 28 6.8±0.12 1.39±0.03 26.5 c C fertilised 1995 28 9.5±0.08 1.32±0.02 35.1 a 2015 28 8.8±0.21 1.34±0.03 33.0c MG unfertilised 1995 28 9.9±.0.08 1.41±0.02 39.4 a 2015 30 9.4±0.12 1.37±0.02 38.5 bc MG fertilised 1995 28 9.9±0.08 1.45±0.02 40.2 a 2015 32 10.8±0.12 1.32±0.05 45.6 abc A 1995 28 9.9±0.08 1.33±0.02 39.4 a 2015 34 10.5±0.15 1.37±0.05 49.0 abc PA 1995 28 9.7±0.08 1.30±0.02 35.3 a 2015 31 8.8±0.38 1.28±0.02 35.1 a LSD 0.05 1995 0.13 0.02 2015 0.69 0.14 LUC = land use change; T = thickness of Ap horizon (cm); BD = bulk density; SOC = soil organic carbon; SOC con = soil organic carbon concentration; C unfertilised = cropland unfertilised; C fertilised = cropland fertilised; MG unfertilised = managed grassland unfertilised; MG fertilised = managed grassland fertilised; keywords: accumulation; biomass; carbon; grassland; ha-1; horizon; land; sequestration; site; soc; soil; use; years cache: afs-69641.pdf plain text: afs-69641.txt item: #608 of 872 id: afs-69772 author: None title: afs-69772 date: 2018-06-27 words: 5470 flesch: 65 summary: The small observed over estimation of milk yield trend in the FLM model and no difference with fat and protein yield trends in comparison to the MLM model can be caused by model and data limitations. Repeatabili- ties were 0.34 for milk yield and 0.31 for both fat and protein yields. keywords: breeding; data; fat; lactation; milk; protein; yield cache: afs-69772.pdf plain text: afs-69772.txt item: #609 of 872 id: afs-69777 author: None title: afs-69777 date: 2018-06-25 words: 4446 flesch: 67 summary: Herd 7 is characterized by a very small proportion (5 of them had zero proportion) of cows with common sires in other herds (Table 1). 27: 96–101 98 of cows with common sires in other herds (Table 1). keywords: cows; herds; sample; values cache: afs-69777.pdf plain text: afs-69777.txt item: #610 of 872 id: afs-69781 author: None title: afs-69781 date: 2018-06-26 words: 5196 flesch: 62 summary: Red clover contains isoflavones such as biochanin A, genistein, daidzein and formononetin (Kallela et al. 1988, Sa- loniemi et al. 1995, Sarelli et al. 2003). Recent research on the isoflavonoid concentrations in dairy milk associated with different silages and pasture has been done mainly in the Nordic countries (Purup et al. 2004, Hoikkala et al. 2007, Andersen et al. 2008, Steinshamn et al. 2008, Mustonen et al. 2009, Höjer et al. 2012). keywords: clover; concentrations; content; et al; formononetin; harvest; isoflavone; journal; milk; red; varieties; variety; year cache: afs-69781.pdf plain text: afs-69781.txt item: #611 of 872 id: afs-70074 author: None title: afs-70074 date: 2019-02-14 words: 7050 flesch: 55 summary: I E N C E G. Jarasiunas et al. (2018) 27: 206–216 208 Five of the eight possible biophysical criteria for the delimitation of areas facing natural constraints included in Annex III of EC Regulation 1305/2013 have been selected by Lithuanian authorities for the definition of the non- mountainous areas with natural constraints for the new Rural Development period (Art 33.3 of the proposed regulation on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) 2014–2020, COM(2011) 627 final/3): temperature, soil texture, soil drainage, chemical properties (soil acidity) and terrain-slope; the three non-selected criteria being dryness, excess soil moisture, and shallow rooting depth. Land productivity in Lithuania is determined by the systematic units of soil typological groups, soil texture, condition of soil reclamation, agrochemical prop- erties (pH value, content of phosphorus and potassium), soil stoniness, soil cover diversity and agro-climatic con- ditions. keywords: areas; drainage; farm; land; lfas; lithuania; natural; region; soil; texture; variables; yield cache: afs-70074.pdf plain text: afs-70074.txt item: #612 of 872 id: afs-70110 author: None title: afs-70110 date: 2019-02-14 words: 4671 flesch: 62 summary: Maybe har- vesting the above-ground dry matter late in October when high shoot biomass yields are obtained in Jerusalem artichoke (Gunnarson et al. 2014) could have mitigated the yield differences in this study. N fertilizer treatment (kg ha-1) keywords: artichoke; biomass; crop; energy; fertilizer; ha-1; helianthus; jerusalem; jerusalem artichoke; legumes; yield cache: afs-70110.pdf plain text: afs-70110.txt item: #613 of 872 id: afs-70291 author: None title: afs-70291 date: 2019-03-27 words: 7119 flesch: 56 summary: The procedure of fruit storage in the ozone enriched atmosphere resulted in inhibition of the growth of aerobic bacteria, which is indicated by statistically 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∙ 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 ∙ 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ∙ 1000 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀 ∙ 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 A G R I C I E N C E T. Piechowiak et al. (2019) 28: 35–44 42 According to the state-of-the-art, phenolic compounds degradation during fruit storage is a result of enzymatic reactions resulting from the action of oxidoreductase enzymes mainly the polyphenol oxidase. keywords: antioxidant; content; control; fruit; hours; impact; ozonation; ozone; storage; total; vitamin cache: afs-70291.pdf plain text: afs-70291.txt item: #614 of 872 id: afs-70408 author: None title: afs-70408 date: 2019-01-31 words: 6190 flesch: 64 summary: The cultivar differ- ence in whole plant biomass yield was significant only in the late harvest, perhaps indicating that the sensitivity of cultivars to loss of biomass due to late-season chilling differed. Future research to test the survivability of a wide range of maize cultivars in high latitudes should be encouraged as this study was limited to only eight cultivars. keywords: 2010; ash; bioenergy; biomass; composition; content; cultivars; harvest; lignin; maize; plant; production; soil; stalk; yield cache: afs-70408.pdf plain text: afs-70408.txt item: #615 of 872 id: afs-70460 author: None title: afs-70460 date: 2019-03-11 words: 6173 flesch: 54 summary: The differences are certainly critical in the eventual deposition of plant carbon into soil carbon pools and can be used to select crop varie- ties with superior carbon sequestration potential (Mathew et al. 2017). Elevated CO 2 effects on plant carbon, nitrogen, and water relations: six important lessons from FACE. keywords: ambient; biomass; carbon; climate; conditions; elevated; et al; etc; leaf; p<0.05; plant; soil; soil carbon; temperature cache: afs-70460.pdf plain text: afs-70460.txt item: #616 of 872 id: afs-70934 author: None title: afs-70934 date: 2019-01-31 words: 6849 flesch: 66 summary: To sum up, the obtained results indicate that both DanAvl Duroc and Pulawska boars may be used for crossbreeding with DanAvl Hybrid sows when it comes to the production of high quality meat. Poorer quality of Pulawska pigs meat found in these studies may be related to the aforementioned high frequency of T-allele of RYR1 gene in this breed, which is known to be responsible for the formation of poor meat quality - PSE (pale, soft, exudative). keywords: boars; breed; danavl; duroc; et al; fatteners; meat; pigs; pulawska; quality cache: afs-70934.pdf plain text: afs-70934.txt item: #617 of 872 id: afs-70971 author: None title: afs-70971 date: 2019-01-31 words: 5015 flesch: 62 summary: It can be concluded that rye grain is a suitable energy supplement with good quality silage for growing dairy bulls. Calves were assigned randomly to one of five starters containing 0, 300, 600 and 800 g kg-1 DM dry rolled or 800 g kg-1 DM roasted rye for an 18 week growth trial. keywords: bulls; carcass; dairy; experiment; feed; feeding; intake; kg-1; rye; silage cache: afs-70971.pdf plain text: afs-70971.txt item: #618 of 872 id: afs-71167 author: None title: afs-71167 date: 2016-10-03 words: 600 flesch: 66 summary: The remainder after the treating with acid consists of organic cell wall constituents together with some protein and ash. The total quantity of organic cell wall constituents is obtained as the difference: loss of ignition minus protein of the residue. keywords: cell; method; wall cache: afs-71167.pdf plain text: afs-71167.txt item: #619 of 872 id: afs-71237 author: None title: afs-71237 date: 2016-09-22 words: 626 flesch: 55 summary: CANNELiNin suomalaisruotsalaisessa sanakirjassa (painos v. 1920) on sivulla 604 tämä sana kansan kielen mukaisesti näin: suurima, gryn. CANNELiNin ruotsalaissuomalaisessa sanakirjassa (painos v. 1912) on sivulla 230: gryn, ryyni, suurima, gryna, murentaa, tehdä ryyniksi, suuria. merkitsevä sana esiintyy asussa suurima, siis a-loppuisena. keywords: kansan; myös; päätteisenä; sana; siis; suurima cache: afs-71237.pdf plain text: afs-71237.txt item: #620 of 872 id: afs-71263 author: None title: afs-71263 date: 2016-10-03 words: 820 flesch: 74 summary: The formula is based on the assumption that Ikg of hulled oat kernels is equal to 1,050 Scandinavian feed units and 1 kg of hulls equal to 0,25 units. During recent years we have used in this laboratory rats for hulling the oats since it was observed that rats eat onl\ the kernels neglecting the hulls. keywords: hulls; oats; rats cache: afs-71263.pdf plain text: afs-71263.txt item: #621 of 872 id: afs-71289 author: None title: afs-71289 date: 2016-10-03 words: 1095 flesch: 64 summary: vasta 2 kk:n kuluttua, ja paino ei Nämä ovat tekijöitä, joita voimme melkoisesti muutella ja siten ohjata suolaantu- mista. keywords: että; fat; jälkeen; kalan; kuin; käyrä; noin; paino; sillin; weight cache: afs-71289.pdf plain text: afs-71289.txt item: #622 of 872 id: afs-71301 author: None title: afs-71301 date: 2016-10-04 words: 933 flesch: 42 summary: Myös B. thermoacidurans, jolla oli saastutettu tomaattisose, tuhoutui subtiliinin ja lievän kuumennuksen vaikutuksesta. Kokeissa oli mukana 15 aerobista ja 2 anaerobista bakteerikantaa. keywords: aineitten; antibioottisten; antibiotics; chem; että; food; myös; preservation; ruokatavarain; streptomysiini cache: afs-71301.pdf plain text: afs-71301.txt item: #623 of 872 id: afs-71305 author: None title: afs-71305 date: 2016-10-04 words: 759 flesch: 81 summary: On the basis of these results it is possible to calculate in advance the yield of salted fish (Baltic herring), and to determine when the salting has run to an end. The lowering of the water content in fish flesh resulting in a loss of weight depends on many factors such as the size, the freshness and the fat content of the fish. keywords: fish cache: afs-71305.pdf plain text: afs-71305.txt item: #624 of 872 id: afs-71313 author: None title: afs-71313 date: 2016-10-04 words: 1283 flesch: 71 summary: alpinum + Agrostis vulgaris , Aira flexuosa + A. caespitosa + Poa annua I ++ + + + + 4. + + P. pratensis II + + + + + + + + + + Festuca rubra + + + Triticum repens I | + + + + + Carex brunnescens j Luzula multiflora I Equisetum arvense | + + E. pratense j I + Urtica dioeci ] , + Rumex domesticus I ++ + + + + +4. 4-: + Chenopodium album I ++ ++ 1+ + + + 4-4- 4-4.4- Silene inflata I + + + 4- keywords: kuolajärvi; kuusamo; ohrapelto; piha; salla; talon; yli cache: afs-71313.pdf plain text: afs-71313.txt item: #625 of 872 id: afs-71321 author: None title: afs-71321 date: 2016-10-04 words: 1159 flesch: 57 summary: Se, että vihantarehukokeiden huippusatoprosentti on erityisesti pohjoisimmassa Suomessa ollut suurempi kuin nurmikasvikokeiden, johtunee aina- kin osittain siitä, että vihantarehusato korjataan myöhemmin kuin heinäsato ja Lapissa sitä paitsi niin myöhään, että ilmakuivan sadon kosteus ilmeisesti jää taval- lista suuremmaksi. Huippusatoja on kuitenkin esiintynyt kautta Suomen, Lapissa asti (taulukko I, kartakkeet I —4), pohjoisimmassa Suomessa (66. leveyspiirin pohjoispuolella) tosin jonkin verran vähemmän kuin kokeiden luvun perusteella olisi ollut odotettavissa, edellytettynä, että huippusatomahdollisuudet olisivat olleet samanlaiset kautta koko Suomen. keywords: että; huippusadot; ibid; kuin; lannoituskokeet; paikalliset; peak; suomen; suomessa; vuonna; yields cache: afs-71321.pdf plain text: afs-71321.txt item: #626 of 872 id: afs-71322 author: None title: afs-71322 date: 2016-10-04 words: 1070 flesch: 52 summary: 3 Näyttää siis siltä, että siementymään jätetyn timoteikasvuston vieressä tai jossakin osassa on kasvanut nokkosia, ja näissä nokkosissa on loisinut humalavieras. Samassa toimintakertomuksessaan mainittu valiokunta huomauttaa, että apila- vieraskysymys on suuressa määrin helpottunut uudenaikaisten elektromagneettisten puhdistuslaitteitten ansiosta, koska näillä saadaan Cuscuta-lajien siemenet verrat- tain tarkkaan poistetuiksi siementavarasta. keywords: cuscuta; etelä; että; kasvien; oli; ovat; samen; sen; siemenet; siemeniä; tavattu cache: afs-71322.pdf plain text: afs-71322.txt item: #627 of 872 id: afs-71351 author: None title: afs-71351 date: 2016-10-03 words: 1101 flesch: 65 summary: The aggregation, as assessed by wet-sieving after air-drying, and porosity are often directly correlated with soil moisture. The pH of different plots was as follows; 1. pH 6.9, 2. pH 6.4, 3. pH 5.6. keywords: aggregation; moisture; plot; porosity; soil; variation cache: afs-71351.pdf plain text: afs-71351.txt item: #628 of 872 id: afs-71359 author: None title: afs-71359 date: 2016-10-03 words: 784 flesch: 53 summary: Behind: liquid reservoir provided with Budig shield; below: the same provided with cylindrical radiation shield over the grass field. Budig-suojus Vuorokausi yläpuolella suojus justa alapuolella Date Budig shield Cylindrical Without Budig shield above shield shield below 6. keywords: budig; ilman; mittarin; radiation; shield; suojus cache: afs-71359.pdf plain text: afs-71359.txt item: #629 of 872 id: afs-71362 author: None title: afs-71362 date: 2016-10-03 words: 1206 flesch: 35 summary: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass, wenn die Auslese des Bullen auf Grund des Mittelwertes der einen Tochtergruppe geschehen wäre, die Auslese nach dem hohen Mittelleistungsniveau an der neuen Stelle praktisch gesehen keine besseren Resultate gebracht hätte als eine Auslese nach dem niederen Mittelleistungsniveau (0.02). Niiden välillä vallitsee kohtalaisen kiinteä ja varma vuorosuhde, mikä viittaa tämänkaltaisten rakenteellisten taipumusten melko vahvaan periyty- miseen. keywords: auslese; der; die; eri; että; ist; karjojen; korrelation; kuin; saatu; sonnien; tulokset; vuorosuhde; worden cache: afs-71362.pdf plain text: afs-71362.txt item: #630 of 872 id: afs-71368 author: None title: afs-71368 date: 2016-10-03 words: 1188 flesch: 60 summary: ja ryhmällä II 13.2, eli kummallakin ryhmällä keskimäärin päivää ja eläintä kohti n. 22 1954 Professori V. M. Klemola on hakenut ja saanut patentin 1 rehuaineseokselle r joka sisältää melassia, kalsiumkloridia ja vehnänlesettä. keywords: aikana; annettiin; food; kokeen; oli; promeca; päivää; rehua; ryhmällä cache: afs-71368.pdf plain text: afs-71368.txt item: #631 of 872 id: afs-71369 author: None title: afs-71369 date: 2016-10-03 words: 1063 flesch: 47 summary: Keso syventyi koko hämäläisen luonteensa sitkey- dellä ja tiedemiehen lahjomattomuudella salaojituskysymyksiin, huomioiden niissä meikäläiset erikoiset olosuhteet. oh salaojitustoiminta vähäistä maassamme ja yleinen käsitys oli ollut että tämä ojitustapa oli oloihimme soveltu- maton. keywords: als; auch; der; des; die; dränungsvereins; hän; jahre; keso; oli; salaojitusyhdistyksen; sekä; und cache: afs-71369.pdf plain text: afs-71369.txt item: #632 of 872 id: afs-71377 author: None title: afs-71377 date: 2016-10-03 words: 552 flesch: 37 summary: 2 §• Tarkoitustaan koettaa seura toteuttaa etupäässä toimittamalla julkaisuja; järjestämällä kokouksia esitelmineen, tiedonantoineen ja keskusteluilleen; toimeenpanemalla tiedusteluja (enquéte); avustamalla tutkimuksia ja kokeita sekä jakamalla stipendejä ja liittymällä yhteistoimintaan samanlaisten koti- sekä ulkomaisten seurojen kanssa. ja yhdessä ruotsinkieli- sessä pääkaupunkilaisessa päivälehdessä. keywords: joka; samalla; sekä; seuran; tai; tavalla; toimitetaan; vuosikokouksessa cache: afs-71377.pdf plain text: afs-71377.txt item: #633 of 872 id: afs-71386 author: None title: afs-71386 date: 2016-10-03 words: 1475 flesch: 59 summary: Some differences were, however, found compared with the description of C. enzymicum, especially in that strain »L» showed no distinct coccoid cell forms and failed to coagulate litmus milk. Experiments on the lactate utilization of strain »L» showed that considerable amounts of volatile acids were formed when fermentation was effected by resting cell preparations. keywords: experiments; lactate; rumen; strain; type cache: afs-71386.pdf plain text: afs-71386.txt item: #634 of 872 id: afs-71393 author: None title: afs-71393 date: 2016-10-03 words: 1155 flesch: 74 summary: , että Suomessa esiintyy syysrypsissä yleisenä Typhula-sieniä., ja että tähänastisten tietojen perusteella talvehtimisvaurioiden aiheuttajana on laji Typhula betae Rostr. Typhula species on agricultural plants in Denmark. keywords: betae; typhula cache: afs-71393.pdf plain text: afs-71393.txt item: #635 of 872 id: afs-71411 author: None title: afs-71411 date: 2016-10-03 words: 774 flesch: 40 summary: Mutta Hissink, huolimatta siitä että hän oli 1939 tullut täysin palvelleeksi, ryhtyi sodan päätyttyä jälleen voimak- kaasti kehittämään yhteistoimintaa, ja jo v. 1950 yli 700 maaperäntutkijaa eri puolilta maapalloa kokoontui Amsterdamiin neljänteen kansainväliseen kongres- siin. Taitavana puhujana, joka hallitsi täydelli- sesti englantia, ranskaa ja saksaa, hän kykeni tuomaan mielipiteensä ja tutkimus- tensa tulokset selvästi esille. keywords: erittäin; hissink; hän; hänen; maan; mutta; oli; sen; tutkimuksia; tämän cache: afs-71411.pdf plain text: afs-71411.txt item: #636 of 872 id: afs-71415 author: None title: afs-71415 date: 2017-10-03 words: 2237 flesch: 71 summary: Mesotrophic Sphagnum papillosum treeless bogs On the basis of the dominating species of Cyperaceae the first of these groups is further divided into five subordinate types: a. Carex lasiocarpa (or Carex rostrata) - Carex limosa-Sphagnum papillosum bogs c. Scirpus caespitosus-Sphagnum papillosum bogs d. Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum papillosum bogs e. Sphagnum papillosum bogs invaded by Sphagnum fuscum Sphagnum papillosum, the moss which is typical to these bogs, appears to be an oligotrophic-mesotrophic species, able to grow even under rather poor conditions (8, p. 117). keywords: bogs; papillosum; samples; scp h; sphagnum cache: afs-71415.pdf plain text: afs-71415.txt item: #637 of 872 id: afs-71430 author: None title: afs-71430 date: 2017-10-03 words: 1825 flesch: 63 summary: The chemical nature of the crystals has not been determined, but they are taken to be calcium salts, as on many other plants. The upper leaves of older plants become pale green beginning with the leaf margins, which turn somewhat upwards. keywords: calcium; cucumber; deficiency; leaf; leaves; plants; soil; uptake cache: afs-71430.pdf plain text: afs-71430.txt item: #638 of 872 id: afs-71431 author: None title: afs-71431 date: 2017-10-03 words: 532 flesch: 48 summary: Maan ominaispainon riippuvuus saves- ja humuspitoisuudesta Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin eri puolilta etelä-Suomea, ja sen savespitoisuuden keskiarvo 40 % lienee lähellä Suomen viljeltyjen kivennäismaiden pohjamaan keskimääräistä savespitoisuutta. keywords: gravity; ominaispainon; organic; piirros cache: afs-71431.pdf plain text: afs-71431.txt item: #639 of 872 id: afs-71437 author: None title: afs-71437 date: 2017-10-03 words: 1029 flesch: 66 summary: As the plant cover has an effect upon soil temperature (v., e.g., 1,6, 7), the presence of plant cover might have disturbed the investigations inasmuch as it would not have been similar in all the years of investigation and on all investigated sites. Soil temperatures at 10 and 20 cm depth. 1955. keywords: maan; plant; soil; temperature cache: afs-71437.pdf plain text: afs-71437.txt item: #640 of 872 id: afs-71439 author: None title: afs-71439 date: 2017-10-04 words: 1409 flesch: 48 summary: Koehenkilöiden suorittamien rinnakkaismääritysten vastaava m-% on kevyillä mailla ±2.14 %, raskailla mailla ±0.95 % eli keskimäärin ±1.38 % tilavuuspai- nosta (taul. 1). K ±7.2 % and P ±9.7 %. keywords: eri; keskimäärin; kun; laboratorioitten; ovat; sekä; soil; testing; viljavuustutkimuksen; virheet cache: afs-71439.pdf plain text: afs-71439.txt item: #641 of 872 id: afs-71450 author: None title: afs-71450 date: 2017-10-04 words: 1485 flesch: 54 summary: Die Abnahme der Stufen- 173 zahlen scheint zwar später haltgemacht zu haben, aber in Anbetracht der starken Verminderung in der Anzahl der für das Stammbuch angebotenen Hengste scheint es offensichtlich, dass das Interesse, das höchste Zugergebnis zu erlangen, infolge der Änderung der besprochenen Vorschrift merklich abgenommen hat. Die Abhängigkeit der Beurteilungssicherheit der Zugkraft von der Grösse des Ergebnisses. keywords: als; bei; besten; das; dass; den; der; des; die; für; ist; nach; und; von; zugkraft cache: afs-71450.pdf plain text: afs-71450.txt item: #642 of 872 id: afs-71460 author: None title: afs-71460 date: 2017-10-04 words: 1610 flesch: 54 summary: Koekasvit olivat rapea keräsalaatti (Lactuca sutiva var. capitata), lajikkeet Jade ja Pennlake, parsakaali ( Brassica oleracea wax.italica), lajike Parannettu Calabrese, daalia ( Dahlia sp.), lajikkeet Calendula, Nagels Per- fection ja Obergärtner Erhard Benke sekä freesia ( Freesia refracta), lajike K & M Super. capitata), lajik- keet Jade ja Pennlake, parsakaali ( Brassica oleracea var. keywords: 1957; acid; dahlia; että; freesia; gibberellihapon; oli; plants cache: afs-71460.pdf plain text: afs-71460.txt item: #643 of 872 id: afs-71461 author: None title: afs-71461 date: 2017-10-04 words: 2050 flesch: 73 summary: The damage varied considerably in different varieties during different years. The abundance and severity of damage varies in different years, as well as in different species and varieties. keywords: average; damage; round; turnip; varieties; years cache: afs-71461.pdf plain text: afs-71461.txt item: #644 of 872 id: afs-71463 author: None title: afs-71463 date: 2017-10-04 words: 2445 flesch: 71 summary: Averagewinter winter year year year year 1955 Ist 2ndplanting Averagewinter winter year year year year Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Plant Husbandry, Tikkurila, latit, 60°18' 1952 keywords: altaswede; clover; commercial; latit; tammisto; year cache: afs-71463.pdf plain text: afs-71463.txt item: #645 of 872 id: afs-71464 author: None title: afs-71464 date: 2017-10-04 words: 2107 flesch: 66 summary: The yield from ungerminated onions was only a third of that from germinated onions. Left ungerminated onions. keywords: days; flower; germination; oli; onions; setting; sipulin; stalks; storage; varastossa; week cache: afs-71464.pdf plain text: afs-71464.txt item: #646 of 872 id: afs-71465 author: None title: afs-71465 date: 2017-10-04 words: 1985 flesch: 71 summary: ON THE AMOUNTS OF MINOR ELEMENTS IN FINNISH SOILS Jouko Vuorinen Agricultural Research Centre Department of Soil Science, Helsinki Received December 12, 1957 In agricultural development one of the most certain increasers of productivity is the intensifying of fertilization. A long »robbery» cultivation towards minor elements is a fact in agriculture nowa- days. keywords: amounts; clay; elements; peat; soils cache: afs-71465.pdf plain text: afs-71465.txt item: #647 of 872 id: afs-71466 author: None title: afs-71466 date: 2017-10-04 words: 1535 flesch: 63 summary: Sen vuoksi olisi meillä varottava keväällä maan liiallista kuivumista ja suojeltava ja lisättävä maan kos- teutta erityisesti hedelmäviljelyksillämme kesäkuukausien aikana. oh hyvin lievä ja laski taas syys- lokakuun vaihteen sateiden vaikutuksesta alle 50 mm keywords: että; fig; maan; maaveden; moisture; oli; pohjamaan; sen; soil; vain cache: afs-71466.pdf plain text: afs-71466.txt item: #648 of 872 id: afs-71469 author: None title: afs-71469 date: 2017-10-04 words: 1936 flesch: 54 summary: Tässä mielessä heinäjauhot sisällytettiin itse perusrehuun, ja kalajauhojen määrä rehuseoksessa nostettiin 5 pro- 68 senttiin. Tähän lienee 'syynä ollut talviaikana heran kylmyys ja eläinten taipumus liata juotavaksi tarjottu hera hetimiten kun uusi annos annettiin. keywords: consumption; että; feed; group; hera; increase; kokeen; kuin; oli; perusrehu; weight; whey; ynnä cache: afs-71469.pdf plain text: afs-71469.txt item: #649 of 872 id: afs-71471 author: None title: afs-71471 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1449 flesch: 66 summary: The resistance of different spring wheat varieties to wheat stem rust at Tammisto in the summer of 1958. It seems that the 1958 occurrence of wheat stem rust must be attributed chiefly to the lateness of growth. keywords: rust; stem; varieties; wheat cache: afs-71471.pdf plain text: afs-71471.txt item: #650 of 872 id: afs-71472 author: None title: afs-71472 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1511 flesch: 60 summary: The medium of Petuely must thus be modified so as to contain also riboflavine and pantethine in order to satisfy the requirements of type Br Since type A, on the other hand, fails to utilize arabinose, the medium becomes selective for type B x if arabinose replaces lactose as the source of energy. As shown in Table 2 the nutritional demands of type B x are somewhat more complex than those of type A. keywords: method; type; water cache: afs-71472.pdf plain text: afs-71472.txt item: #651 of 872 id: afs-71473 author: None title: afs-71473 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1532 flesch: 66 summary: ja multa- peitteen välillä johtuvat etupäässä siitä, että ensiksi mainitussa on ollut runsaammin ja tasaisemmin kosteutta kuin multapeitteessä. Ne lajitelttiin neljään ryhmään, nimittäin hyvin, keskinkertaisesti ja huonosti juurtuneisiin sekä alimittaisiin. keywords: cover; hyvin; juurien; kuin; malus; robusta; sawdust; sekä; shoots; soil; vesoja; vesojen cache: afs-71473.pdf plain text: afs-71473.txt item: #652 of 872 id: afs-71477 author: None title: afs-71477 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1844 flesch: 65 summary: Control group 6 heifers Whole group 58.9 20.0 26.0 7.0 4.0 Average 6.48 2.89 3.33 I 1.04* 4.33 ±2.01 1.2 ±0.82 0.7 ±0.46 Difference: Na mg% Test group 0 heifers Before 11.30±0.11 1.97±0.02 4.86±0.03 21.20±2.51 0.091 ±0.009 305.00±11.15 After 10.67±0.20 1.95±0.01 4.71 ±0.05 23.15±1.88 0.055±0.011 327.20±11.25 Difference —0.63 ±0.13**—0.02±0.04 —0.15±0.80 2.05 : ; 0.73*0.036 ±O.OlB 21.80 5.63* Control group H heifers Before 11.18 ±0.22 1.95 ±0.06 4.79±0.08 16.50±3.42 0.09ÖJ-0.011 300.50±4.39 After 10.38±0.11 1.90±0.01 4.68±0.20 17.90±1.88 0.057±0.010 287.33±13.05 Difference —0.80±0.27* —0.05±0.07 —0.11±0.12 1.40 ±1.85 —0.039±0.021 —13.17± 11.84 Estimated average changes in —0.72±0.15 —O.Oll ±0.04 —0.20±0.03 1.83 ±o.92*0.031 ±O.OlO (4.33±5.99) the material as a whole As none of the differences (except sodium) between average changes in the test and control groups were statistically significant, the changes were combined and estimates calculated. keywords: average; control; group; heifers; test cache: afs-71477.pdf plain text: afs-71477.txt item: #653 of 872 id: afs-71480 author: None title: afs-71480 date: 2017-10-05 words: 2162 flesch: 65 summary: For safety’s sake the samples of faeces for digestibility determinations were taken as late as on the 6th and 7th days. In our experiments the samples were taken in the morning on two consecutive days, and each of these samples was used separately for digestibility determinations. keywords: brewers; digestibility; grains; matter; substances; table cache: afs-71480.pdf plain text: afs-71480.txt item: #654 of 872 id: afs-71482 author: None title: afs-71482 date: 2017-10-05 words: 934 flesch: 61 summary: Sen aikaisten kirjallisuustietojen perusteella Reuter mainitsee O. graminis Sacc.- ja O. herpotrichus (Fr.) 12.0 cm; vastaavasti infektoituneissa kasveissa oraiden pituus oli 19.4 cm ja juurien pituus 3.7 cm. keywords: graminis; oli; olivat; ophiobolus; sacc; spring; wheat cache: afs-71482.pdf plain text: afs-71482.txt item: #655 of 872 id: afs-71483 author: None title: afs-71483 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1846 flesch: 58 summary: Molempina vuosina suori- tettiin puille neljä urearuiskutusta (12/6—20/7 1954 ja 6/7—29/7 1955). Koetulokset ja niiden tarkastelu Kasvukausien 1954 ja 1955 sadeolot poikkesivat huomattavasti toisistaan (taulukko 1). keywords: apple; että; kuin; leaves; lehdissä; lehtien; nitrogen; oli; omenapuiden; puiden; sen; sprays; trees; typpipitoisuus; urea cache: afs-71483.pdf plain text: afs-71483.txt item: #656 of 872 id: afs-71486 author: None title: afs-71486 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1776 flesch: 57 summary: Soil temperature measurements and some phenological observations were furthermore included in this investigation. Mean soil temperature Mean soil temperatureMonth keywords: bog; mean; mineral; soil; temperature; thermometers cache: afs-71486.pdf plain text: afs-71486.txt item: #657 of 872 id: afs-71487 author: None title: afs-71487 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1210 flesch: 63 summary: Discussion In some rodents the digestibility of rape oil seems to be exceptionally low. Deuel, Jr. (2, p. 147) the digestibility of rape oil in man is about 99 %. keywords: day; digestibility; oil; pig; rape cache: afs-71487.pdf plain text: afs-71487.txt item: #658 of 872 id: afs-71493 author: None title: afs-71493 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1212 flesch: 53 summary: Air temperature at the upper limit of the plant cover, and soil temperatures at 5 and 10 cm depth, on the growing sites of Pirkka barley Soil type Monthly mean of air Monthly mean of soil temperature temperature f> cm depth ]() cm depth VI VII VIII VI VII VIII VI VII VIII Fen The present investigation carried out at the Experimental Station of Leteensuo, permits some conclusions to be drawn in regard to the significance of the said factors for the development of barley plants. keywords: development; fen; nitrogen; period; soil; temperature cache: afs-71493.pdf plain text: afs-71493.txt item: #659 of 872 id: afs-71497 author: None title: afs-71497 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1266 flesch: 83 summary: Triticum aestivum (winter wheat) L. N. Tikkurila, Res. C. 25. 4. 48, 7. 5. 58: E. A. J. Ta. Jokioinen, Res. C., 4. 48: K. Multamäki. Res. C., 26.4. 44: E. A. J. —Sb Maaninka, Exp. keywords: exp; fusarium; sta cache: afs-71497.pdf plain text: afs-71497.txt item: #660 of 872 id: afs-71502 author: None title: afs-71502 date: 2017-10-05 words: 2200 flesch: 70 summary: The differences between the different groups of hybrids in the number of Fj-plants giving seed yields (Table 2) are in most cases significant, namely; Rapido X Mette Sprengel X Mettex* = 22.14xxx , Gruber X Mette Storrybs X Mette z 2 = 4.87 x , Rapido X Mette —Gruber X Mette x 2 = 27.87 xxx , Rapido X Mette Storrybs X Mettez2 = 18.76xxx and Storrybs X Mette—Sprengel X Mette z 2 = 7.61 xx. About three-fourths of the F t plants of the cross Rapido X Mette, one half of Fj of the crosses Gruber X Mette and Sprengel X Mette, and only a small part of the crosses Storrybs X Mette gave seed yields. keywords: hybrids; mette; plants; seed cache: afs-71502.pdf plain text: afs-71502.txt item: #661 of 872 id: afs-71504 author: None title: afs-71504 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1457 flesch: 66 summary: It appeared that water solutions of ZnCl2 as well as solutions of ZnCl2 in diluted HCI decomposed the paper very slowly. As for the behaviour of lignin in acid solutions which are used for decomposition of cell wall carbohydrates we refer to a treatise of Salo (1, p. 206). keywords: lignin; solution; use cache: afs-71504.pdf plain text: afs-71504.txt item: #662 of 872 id: afs-71508 author: None title: afs-71508 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1419 flesch: 70 summary: Now the addition of mineral soil as a soil improving agent on cultivated peat soil has a prolonged effect, as has been made evident by the crop yield results obtained in a number of soil improving tests (1, p. 12, 11, 8, p. 16). Results The studies were carried out with the aid of a thermometer specially designed for the measuring of soil temperatures, which has been descriped in detail in a previous publication (10). keywords: claying; o.ool; peat; soil; temperature; test cache: afs-71508.pdf plain text: afs-71508.txt item: #663 of 872 id: afs-71512 author: None title: afs-71512 date: 2017-10-06 words: 750 flesch: 57 summary: Kylvö- ja korjuutyö lisääntyvät samassa suhteessa tai vähemmän, kylvö- ja korjuutavoista riippuen. Tällöin ruutujen väliin ei jää tyhjää tilaa ja ne erottuvat kumminkin hyvin toisistaan. keywords: apilan; kun; raiheinä; ruudut; ruutujen; toisistaan; väliin cache: afs-71512.pdf plain text: afs-71512.txt item: #664 of 872 id: afs-71515 author: None title: afs-71515 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1050 flesch: 56 summary: Summary The density of soil organic matter has been derived from an equation represent- ing the regression of soil density on the clay and organic matter contents. When the amount of organic matter was taken as equalling 1.9 times the total organic 127 carbon, this resulted in the value 1.47 for the density of soil organic matter, which is believed to be an appropriate figure. keywords: content; density; equation; matter; soil cache: afs-71515.pdf plain text: afs-71515.txt item: #665 of 872 id: afs-71518 author: None title: afs-71518 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1064 flesch: 75 summary: 8. Die Pflanzen wurden mit Glasglocken überdeckt. Lewis (4) hat durch Infektionsversuche B. cinerea und Fusarium sp. als für Clarkia pathogen erwiesen. keywords: cinerea; clarkia; dem; der; die; pflanzen; poae; und cache: afs-71518.pdf plain text: afs-71518.txt item: #666 of 872 id: afs-71519 author: None title: afs-71519 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1241 flesch: 60 summary: According to the results, the effect of the claying during this time has been the settling of the surface of the soil on an average 12.5 cm more than in unclayed bog. REFERENCES; (1) Gerhardt, P. 1924. When peat loses water, it tends to become compacted. keywords: bog; effect; peat; soil; surface; test cache: afs-71519.pdf plain text: afs-71519.txt item: #667 of 872 id: afs-71522 author: None title: afs-71522 date: 2017-10-06 words: 640 flesch: 67 summary: The cutting blade is sharpened on its upper side only in order to reduce its tend- ency to curve upwards in compact soil samples. Physical properties of soils as modified by crops and management. keywords: cylinder; soil cache: afs-71522.pdf plain text: afs-71522.txt item: #668 of 872 id: afs-71524 author: None title: afs-71524 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1264 flesch: 77 summary: Nach der heutigen Auffassung (12) sind Wirtspflanzen von B. anthophila nur wilder und angebauter Rotklee. Konidienträger von Botrytis anthophila, mit Sporen, aus lötägiger SM-Kultur (Methylen blaufärbung). keywords: anthophila; auf; botrytis; das; der; die; pilz; sporen; und; von cache: afs-71524.pdf plain text: afs-71524.txt item: #669 of 872 id: afs-71528 author: None title: afs-71528 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1820 flesch: 65 summary: The consumption of food is given in kg dry matter per 100 kg reduced net weight. In the Table the animals in each group are enumerated according to the relative consumption of dry matter, beginning from those whose consumption per 100 kg reduced net weight was the smallest. keywords: cows; hay; matter; ratio cache: afs-71528.pdf plain text: afs-71528.txt item: #670 of 872 id: afs-71529 author: None title: afs-71529 date: 2017-10-06 words: 2196 flesch: 59 summary: CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION OF TRACE NUTRIENTS AS OXINATES FROM SOIL EXTRACTS FOR SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS Osmo Mäkitie Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Research Centre, Helsinki Received August 24, 1960 When easily soluble trace elements in soils are to be analysed in soil extracts, a preliminary separation is necessary, as well as concentration of these trace constit- uents. Extraction procedures with oxinates and organic solvents have, however, not been presented earlier, although solvent extrac- tion methods have been used in concentrating the trace elements from soil extracts, e.g., by dithizone extraction (14). keywords: concentration; extraction; soil; solution cache: afs-71529.pdf plain text: afs-71529.txt item: #671 of 872 id: afs-71544 author: None title: afs-71544 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1566 flesch: 60 summary: Jos lähtökohdaksi otetaan vuosi 1946, jolloin rukiin, kevätvehnän ja kauran hehtaarisadot olivat alimmillaan ja muittenkin kas- vien sadot heikkoja, oli sadonlisäys v. 1946—60 varsin huomattava eli eri kasveilla 1.3—3.7 %. Kevätvehnän vaihte- lukerroin (15 %) oli hieman suurempi kuin rukiin, mutta pienempi kuin ohran (18 %) ja kauran (19 %). keywords: 1921; den; der; die; että; hehtaarisatojen; kauran; luvulla; oli; olivat; sadot; satotason; suomessa cache: afs-71544.pdf plain text: afs-71544.txt item: #672 of 872 id: afs-71546 author: None title: afs-71546 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1506 flesch: 59 summary: + 20°C Time under pressure: 3 days Size of soil samples: 4—7 g Thickness of the soil layer after pressing: I—3 mm; in finely ground samples: I—21 —2 mm Replicates: 3 or more; in different batches Preliminary soaking; 1 day unless otherwise stated. The effect of soaking time and grinding intensity on the 8-bar percentage of Subsoil No. 744. 158 Conclusions The method of pre-treatment of soil samples should be chosen in each case according to the purpose of study, keeping in mind the slow reversibility of the wetting undergone by heavy glacial clay. keywords: air; grinding; samples; soil cache: afs-71546.pdf plain text: afs-71546.txt item: #673 of 872 id: afs-71552 author: None title: afs-71552 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1624 flesch: 69 summary: Anyhow, spring rye proved to be significantly weaker in straw than spring wheat while, on the other hand, it was considerably more resistant to lodging than winter rye. The yields of the Toivo winter rye varied less than those of spring rye and spring wheat, from 2062 kg/ha in 1956 to 4444 kg/ha in 1953. keywords: days; jokioinen; rye; spring; wheat; winter cache: afs-71552.pdf plain text: afs-71552.txt item: #674 of 872 id: afs-71560 author: None title: afs-71560 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1650 flesch: 54 summary: Monissa maissa on todettu raudan puutetta rahkasoilla (1, s. 59, 8), mutta sen kytkeytymistä boorin puutteeseen ja boorin ratkaisevaa vaikutusta kauran juurien kehitykseen ei liene aikaisemmin havaittu kenttäolosuhteissa. Niissä oli tiheässä lyhyitä paksuja haaroja ja kyhmyjä ja niiden väri oli kellanruskea, mikä erotti ne myös värivalokuvissa selvästi terveiden kasvien valkeista juurista. keywords: alueella; boorin; boron; että; joka; kasvien; kaurassa; kuin; kuparin; mutta; myös; oli; puute; puutetta; raudan cache: afs-71560.pdf plain text: afs-71560.txt item: #675 of 872 id: afs-71570 author: None title: afs-71570 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1940 flesch: 77 summary: Quantitative spectrographic determination of minor elements in soil samples. For the agri- culturalist the cobalt content of arable soils, when expressed as the total amounts of this trace metal present in the soils, seems to have no interpretable meaning. keywords: cobalt; contents; elements; nickel; ratio; soils; trace cache: afs-71570.pdf plain text: afs-71570.txt item: #676 of 872 id: afs-71573 author: None title: afs-71573 date: 2017-10-06 words: 608 flesch: 63 summary: Tie- tyin väliajoin seoksista otettiin näyte, josta erotettiin kuivat ja kosteat jyvät ja niistä tehtiin kuiva-ainemääritys. Syysvehnän kosteudenmuutokset kuivien ja kosteiden jyvien sekoittamisen jälkeen Table 1. keywords: jyvien; jyvät; jälkeen; koko; moisture cache: afs-71573.pdf plain text: afs-71573.txt item: #677 of 872 id: afs-71579 author: None title: afs-71579 date: 2017-10-06 words: 2008 flesch: 66 summary: At the experimental station Leteensuo of the Society of Peat Cultivation (24.15° E, 61.04° N) certain investiga- tions concerning soil temperatures have been carried out since 1958. There is a remarkable difference in soil temperature between two bogs of different geographical location, namely, Leteensuo and Pelsonsuo. keywords: conditions; leteensuo; peat; pelsonsuo; soil; temperature cache: afs-71579.pdf plain text: afs-71579.txt item: #678 of 872 id: afs-71580 author: None title: afs-71580 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1101 flesch: 69 summary: On the basis of the culture tests as well as the symptoms observed in the roots of infected clover plants, it was possible to determine this fungus as being Plenodomus meliloti Dearness & Sanford (1. 4). In investigating the cause of the clover destruction, it was found that the fungal growths observed on the roots of dead clover plants were black, hard, slightly flattened spherical formations, s—ll5—11 mm in diameter. keywords: meliloti; plenodomus; pycnidia; sanford cache: afs-71580.pdf plain text: afs-71580.txt item: #679 of 872 id: afs-71588 author: None title: afs-71588 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1044 flesch: 56 summary: As the mobilization of nitrogen is quite minimal in Sphagnum peat, which is the reason why nitrogen fertilization occupies a key position in the cultivation of Sphagnum bogs, for instance, it is to be expected that nitrogen fertilization also has its significance .with respect to the activity of micro-organisms and thus to the humification of Sphagnum peat. As the volume weight of peat also increases with increasing humification, the con- clusion was drawn from the results that nitrogen fertilization has favoured the humification of Sphagnum peat. 43 REFERENCES (1) Kaila, A. 1956. keywords: fertilization; peat; volume; weight cache: afs-71588.pdf plain text: afs-71588.txt item: #680 of 872 id: afs-71601 author: None title: afs-71601 date: 2017-09-28 words: 874 flesch: 61 summary: vulgare Tavallinen vehnä 15 3.88 ±0.06 rum, T. turgidum, T. polonicum ja T. persicum) on ollut huomattavasti enemmän siemenjuuria kuin T. dicoccoides- lajissa (t=24.oo***) ja T. dicoccumissa. Suurin siemenjuurien lukumäärä on ollut diploideissa paljasjyväisissä viljelyvehnissä (Triti- cum persicum, T. durum, T. turgidum ja T. polonicum ) (taulukko 1). keywords: kuin; lukumäärä; ollut; siemenjuurien; triticum cache: afs-71601.pdf plain text: afs-71601.txt item: #681 of 872 id: afs-71604 author: None title: afs-71604 date: 2017-10-02 words: 1377 flesch: 72 summary: In each pair of small seeds and large seeds both seed batches were obtained from the same cultivation lot by grading. After preliminary cleaning, the seed was graded to effect a division of each seed lot into three parts: (1) about 10 %, small seeds; (2) about 80 %, »medium large» seeds; and (3) about 10 %, large seeds. keywords: depth; seeding; seedlings; seeds; winter cache: afs-71604.pdf plain text: afs-71604.txt item: #682 of 872 id: afs-71608 author: None title: afs-71608 date: 2017-10-06 words: 2025 flesch: 71 summary: THE EFFECT OF IRON INJECTION AT DIFFERENT AGES ON BABY PIG HAEMOGLOBIN L. Hoffren, V. Hoffren and S. Maaranen Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, Siilinjärvi Received April 7, 1964 Numerous investigations have shown that baby pig haemoglobin decreases successively after birth (1,7). The mean weight gain in test groups during 14 days after iron injection. keywords: age; birth; blood; days; haemoglobin; injection; iron; pigs cache: afs-71608.pdf plain text: afs-71608.txt item: #683 of 872 id: afs-71616 author: None title: afs-71616 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1837 flesch: 64 summary: The ash contents (per cent), of the tilled layers in soil improvement tests, after cultivation during 37 and 28 years (test No. 1 and No. 2, respectively). Since the soil improvement treatments in test No. 2 were applied by test plots, all plots which received no mineral soil addition are only 6.67 m in length in the direction in which the tilling machines moved. keywords: area; ash; peat; soil; test cache: afs-71616.pdf plain text: afs-71616.txt item: #684 of 872 id: afs-71627 author: None title: afs-71627 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1667 flesch: 67 summary: Since external conditions have an influence on these antagonists (3, 4,5) and thus indirectly affect theirability to suppress the occurrence of harmful parasitic fungi of cultivated plants, this study dealt with the effect of various treatments of culture medium upon the growth of such soil fungi, whose antagonism is based on their capacity to destroy the sclerotia of their hosts. The fungi in these tests were cultivated on Henneberg agar which had been treated with Brassicol dust, and their growth was compared with that of fungi on untreated plates. keywords: effect; fungi; roseus; trifoliorum cache: afs-71627.pdf plain text: afs-71627.txt item: #685 of 872 id: afs-71629 author: None title: afs-71629 date: 2017-10-06 words: 2003 flesch: 60 summary: Relative humidity of the air In Fig. In addition, the distribution of-relative humidity by calendar month is shown in Table 1 for some localities. keywords: ear; humidity; relative; sprouting; weather cache: afs-71629.pdf plain text: afs-71629.txt item: #686 of 872 id: afs-71641 author: None title: afs-71641 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1026 flesch: 44 summary: On syytä muistaa, että maamme itsenäistymisen joh- dosta erityisesti rajaseudut ja niiden joukossa Karjalan kannas olivat joutuneet aivan uusiin taloudellisiin oloihin sen johdosta, että kaikki aikaisemmat kauppatiet Neuvostoliittoon päin olivat sulkeutuneet. Vuorineuvos Viding hän oli saanut tämän arvon v. 1954 tunsi aina suurta mielenkiintoa ja sympatiaa opiskelevaa nuorisoa kohtaan. keywords: aina; että; hyväksi; hän; hänen; karjalainen; koko; mutta; oli; olivat; ovat; paavo; sen; siirtyi; tässä; viding cache: afs-71641.pdf plain text: afs-71641.txt item: #687 of 872 id: afs-71652 author: None title: afs-71652 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1568 flesch: 63 summary: Brune (1, 2,3) has proved in experiments with rats and sheep that Bolus alba does not exert a negative influ- ence on the resorption of fat-soluble vitamins. On the basis of the present investigation it can be concluded that Bolus alba exerts no detrimental influence on the resorption of phosphorus and carotenes in the digestive tract of cattle. 63 REFERENCES (1) Brune, H. 1957. keywords: alba; bolus; group; phosphorus; values cache: afs-71652.pdf plain text: afs-71652.txt item: #688 of 872 id: afs-71662 author: None title: afs-71662 date: 2017-10-06 words: 1020 flesch: 66 summary: Further, Haaranen (2) has noted that copper rations smaller than the normal requirement promote zinc deficiency disturbances. Visible symptoms of zinc deficiency are general exhaustion, hairlessness, itch, hair licking and digestive disturbances. keywords: cattle; cows; magnesium; zinc cache: afs-71662.pdf plain text: afs-71662.txt item: #689 of 872 id: afs-71667 author: None title: afs-71667 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1013 flesch: 39 summary: ja metsätalousoloista ja asutuspolitiikasta. Hänen eloisa luonteensa ja laajaan lukeneisuu- teen perustuva tietorikkautensa tulivat täysin oikeuksiinsa luennoimisessa, joka piti kuulijat kaiken aikaa virkeinä ja vastaanottavina. keywords: aikana; hän; hänen; itsenäisyyden; jutila; kuin; maatalouden; maatalous; oli; sekä; suomen; suomessa; toimi cache: afs-71667.pdf plain text: afs-71667.txt item: #690 of 872 id: afs-71670 author: None title: afs-71670 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1747 flesch: 68 summary: Fat % Ash % pH Whole fish (June 22) 77.7 15.6 2.9 2.4 Group I (Sept. 15) whole fish 73.1 16.3 7.4 1.9 6.25 gutted fish 73.9 16.9 4.1 3.1 6.30 Group II (Sept. 15) whole fish 70.4 16.7 7.2 3.7 6.40 gutted fish 75.1 16.8 3.4 3.3 6.28 Group 111 (Sept. 15) whole fish 73.2 16.8 6.3 2.6 6.22 gutted fish 76.1 15.8 4.5 2.5 6.20 This country posseses good natural possibilities for fish cultivation, and rainbow trout has already been commercially cultivated. keywords: experiment; fish; food; group; trout; water; weight cache: afs-71670.pdf plain text: afs-71670.txt item: #691 of 872 id: afs-71682 author: None title: afs-71682 date: 2017-10-09 words: 2051 flesch: 60 summary: The frequency of mitotic disturbances and their elimination during the very first mitoses of irradiated seeds has been described in several papers (Gaul 1957a, 1957b, Gelin 1953, 1956). The numbers of individuals and divisions investigated on different days are seen in Table 1. Results. keywords: cells; days; disturbances; frequency; growing; growth; material; mitoses; root cache: afs-71682.pdf plain text: afs-71682.txt item: #692 of 872 id: afs-71692 author: None title: afs-71692 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1038 flesch: 35 summary: i Finland r.f., ja sen kotipaikka on Helsingin kaupunki. Asian Kokouskutsu ja muut tiedonannot Hallitus Hallituksen kokoukset päättäminen on siirrettävä seuraavaan kokoukseen, jos kaksi jäsentä sitä vaatii eivätkä säännöt toisin määrää. keywords: hallituksen; hallitus; julkaisujen; kaksi; kokouksessa; kokous; kutsua; puheenjohtaja; päätetään; sekä; seuran; tai; tulee; voidaan cache: afs-71692.pdf plain text: afs-71692.txt item: #693 of 872 id: afs-71694 author: None title: afs-71694 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1732 flesch: 54 summary: Although the relative humidity varies considerably in different parts of Finland, the monthly averages obtained from the measurements at various air port locations during ten years indicate relatively low monthly average humidities during the warm summer months: Relative humidity % Minimum Maximum January 87 92 February 84 89 March 77 S 4 April 71 79 May 64 71 June 64 70 July 70 76 August 77 *'-' September 81 86 October 86 90 November 89 93 December 88 93 During winter, the relative humidity in warehouses and storage rooms equipped with central heating may, for long periods, stay as low as 20—30 %. It is generally known that flour moisture content varies with the relative humidity of air. keywords: content; flour; humidity; moisture; storage cache: afs-71694.pdf plain text: afs-71694.txt item: #694 of 872 id: afs-71698 author: None title: afs-71698 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1672 flesch: 75 summary: The purpose of this work was to follow the changes of free amino acids in rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland during storage in ice at -f- 4 •• + 6°C and at 18°C. Free amino acids were determined with an amino acid analyzer (Technicon Auto- Analyzer). keywords: acid; amino; fish cache: afs-71698.pdf plain text: afs-71698.txt item: #695 of 872 id: afs-71699 author: None title: afs-71699 date: 2017-10-09 words: 2207 flesch: 65 summary: BY THE ACID AMMONIUM ACETATE SOIL-TESTING METHOD Osmo Mäkitie Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Soil Science, Tikkurila, Finland Received December 28, 1967 A salt solution of strong acid is commonly used for the extraction of the exchangeable forms of soil aluminium, while the determination of soluble aluminium in soils is based on the extraction treatment by a salt solution of a weak acid (Pratt & Bair 1961). The extractability of soil aluminium, particularly by the soil-testing extractant, and the relations to the exchange characteristics in our soils, have been studied in the present work. keywords: acetate; acid; aluminium; ammonium; soil; solution cache: afs-71699.pdf plain text: afs-71699.txt item: #696 of 872 id: afs-71705 author: None title: afs-71705 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1732 flesch: 59 summary: Eräät kirjoittajan (Varo 1962 ja Varo ja Partanen 1965) Kenttäarvostelussa teuraspaino on lähinnä kasvun mitta, ja sen vuoksi on painon heritabili- teettikertoimen rinnalle otettu koeasema-arvosteluista kasvun ja teurastusiän tai ruokintapäivien luvun kertoimet. keywords: coefficients; fat; field; heritability; oli; progeny; testing; varo; weight cache: afs-71705.pdf plain text: afs-71705.txt item: #697 of 872 id: afs-71709 author: None title: afs-71709 date: 2017-10-09 words: 882 flesch: 66 summary: Nematoctonus robustus Jones, Trans.Brit. Nematoctonus robustus Jones. keywords: conidia; nematoctonus; robustus cache: afs-71709.pdf plain text: afs-71709.txt item: #698 of 872 id: afs-71710 author: None title: afs-71710 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1269 flesch: 71 summary: The PTO speeds of the test and demonstration carriage for tractor-powered implements on different gear combinations. The PTO-speeds on different gear combinations are 30—550 RPM (Table 1). keywords: electric; gear; motor; pto; tractor cache: afs-71710.pdf plain text: afs-71710.txt item: #699 of 872 id: afs-71714 author: None title: afs-71714 date: 2017-10-09 words: 2345 flesch: 65 summary: PRODUCED IN FINLAND V. Heat penetration in canned trout products during processing Jorma J. Laine University ofHelsinki, Institute of Meat Technology Received August 24, 1968 In solid products rotation had no practical effect on the heating time. keywords: heat; minutes; oil; penetration; products; rotation; trout cache: afs-71714.pdf plain text: afs-71714.txt item: #700 of 872 id: afs-71719 author: None title: afs-71719 date: 2017-10-09 words: 580 flesch: 48 summary: Hän antoi suunnitelmansa ja työnsä toisten arvostel- tavaksi ja korjattavaksi, ja otti myös huomioon asiantuntijoiden huomautukset. johtaja ja nimitettiin vakinaiseksi johtajaksi ja professoriksi 12.6. 1968. keywords: hyvin; hän; hänen; jäntti; oli; suomen cache: afs-71719.pdf plain text: afs-71719.txt item: #701 of 872 id: afs-71726 author: None title: afs-71726 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1626 flesch: 75 summary: Chemical preservatives have also often proved effective in protecting fresh fish from turning rancid. Studies on preventing oxidation of fish oils and fish products. keywords: bha; fish; rainbow; tba; trout cache: afs-71726.pdf plain text: afs-71726.txt item: #702 of 872 id: afs-71734 author: None title: afs-71734 date: 2017-10-09 words: 2194 flesch: 67 summary: The difference in thyroid weight between group I and group II was highly significant in young cattle (P < 0.001) (see Table 1), the difference was not significant in growing cows, but it was again significant in full-grown cows (P < 0.001) as well as in all cows (P «< 0.005). Furthermore, the values in Table 1 show that the thyroid weight has decreased more in full-grown than in growing cows. keywords: cows; group; months; thyroid; weight cache: afs-71734.pdf plain text: afs-71734.txt item: #703 of 872 id: afs-71736 author: None title: afs-71736 date: 2017-10-09 words: 2011 flesch: 76 summary: Storage changes in frozen fish. The influence of lipids on fish quality. keywords: fish; quality; storage; trout cache: afs-71736.pdf plain text: afs-71736.txt item: #704 of 872 id: afs-71749 author: None title: afs-71749 date: 2017-10-04 words: 1121 flesch: 34 summary: Argentiina oli silloin ja on edelleen huo- mattava vehnän vientimaa. biologisten rotujen (biotyyppien) olemassaolon, saksalaiset tutkijat, Rudorf eräänä kärkimiehenä, kävivät tar- mokkaasti ja menestyksellisesti selvittämään näitä ongelmia Saksaa ja koko Eurooppaa sil- mällä pitäen (myös Suomen osalta). keywords: der; erityisesti; hänen; kasvinjalostuksen; myös; oli; olivat; professori; rudorf; rudorfin; tutkimusten; vehnän; wilhelm cache: afs-71749.pdf plain text: afs-71749.txt item: #705 of 872 id: afs-71750 author: None title: afs-71750 date: 2017-10-04 words: 709 flesch: 33 summary: ja hedelmöittymissuhteisiin ja näiden kasvien siemenviljelyyn. jalosteet ovat otoftgaardista lähtöisin, ja H. N. Frandsenia voidaan täydellä syyllä sanoa useimpien niiden isäksi. keywords: brassica; että; frandsen; hän; oli; sekä; tanskan; toimi cache: afs-71750.pdf plain text: afs-71750.txt item: #706 of 872 id: afs-71757 author: None title: afs-71757 date: 2017-10-04 words: 492 flesch: 34 summary: Hän toimi Maatalouden koetoiminnan keskusvaliokunnan jäsenenä 1945—1953 ja varapuheenjohtajana 1950—53, maanviljelyskemiallisen laboratorion johtokunnan jäse- nenä 1936—54, Maatalouden taloudellisen tutkimuslaitoksen neuvottelukunnan jäsenenä ja puheenjohtajana 1953—56, Maatalousseurojen keskusliiton karjatalousvaliokunnan puheenjohtajana 1928—55 sekä Laidunyhdistyksen, Siipikarjanhoitajain Liiton ja Turkis- eläinten Kasvattajain Liiton neuvottelukunnissa. Professori Poijärven keskeisimmäksi elämäntehtäväksi muodostui kuitenkin hänen johtamansa osaston, nykyisen kotieläinhoidon tutkimuslaitoksen, kehittäminen ja sen puit- teissa suoritettu laaja ja kaikki tärkeimmät kotieläimet käsittävä monipuolinen tutkimus- työ. keywords: hän; hänen; jäsenenä; myös; oli; poijärvi; professori; sekä cache: afs-71757.pdf plain text: afs-71757.txt item: #707 of 872 id: afs-71759 author: None title: afs-71759 date: 2017-10-04 words: 2506 flesch: 81 summary: PCNB PCNB 3 688 195 63 79.3 38.4 F-arvo 32.34 F-value Varma-syysvehnä 1966—67 Varma-winter wheal 1966—67 1. Peittaamaton +PCNB 3 305 118 74.2 26.1 86 88 Control yield + PCNB 2. keywords: control; disinfectant; käsittelemätön; pcnb; peitattu; seed; treatment; winter cache: afs-71759.pdf plain text: afs-71759.txt item: #708 of 872 id: afs-71771 author: None title: afs-71771 date: 2017-10-04 words: 289 flesch: 31 summary: Professori Vallen asiantuntemusta ja tarmokkuutta käytettiin hyväksi lukuisissa tutki- muksen, maatalouden sekä myös vapaiden kansalaisjärjestöjen ja yhteiskunnan luotta- mustehtävissä. Otto Vallen tutkijantyölle oli ominaisinta päättävä tarttuminen uusia uria aukoviin, tärkeisiin kasvintuotannon kysymyksiin ja nopean ratkaisun etsiminen niihin. keywords: hän; oli; otto; valle cache: afs-71771.pdf plain text: afs-71771.txt item: #709 of 872 id: afs-71776 author: None title: afs-71776 date: 2017-10-04 words: 1885 flesch: 61 summary: Selenium content (p.p.b*) in forage (dry matter). The fluorescence method used in the present study is suitable for determining low selenium contents in biological material (Watkinson 1966), 252 and the use of the Se 75 tracer, to measure the loss of selenium during the analysis, increases the reliability of the method. keywords: content; nxs; plants; ppm; samples; selenium cache: afs-71776.pdf plain text: afs-71776.txt item: #710 of 872 id: afs-71782 author: None title: afs-71782 date: 2017-10-04 words: 2023 flesch: 64 summary: Italian raiheinä ja rehukaali antoivat lannoitustasolla 2 seuraavat keskimääräiset tulokset: Ka-sato Ry-sato Rv-sato Ry-sato Rv-sato kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha säilörehuna Nurminata—timotei 8930 6610 1550 5620 1350 Italian raiheinä 6610 4720 1380 3540 1080 Rehukaali 9930 7090 1580 4250 1030 Rehukaalista saatiin siis suurin rehuyksikkösato ja Italian raiheinästä pienin. Sääolot Taulukosta 1 nähdään koevuosien 1967—69 sääolot Leteensuolla ja Tohmajärvellä. keywords: 1967—69; italian; kuin; leteensuolla; nurminata; oli; olivat; puna; raiheinä; rehukaali cache: afs-71782.pdf plain text: afs-71782.txt item: #711 of 872 id: afs-71798 author: None title: afs-71798 date: 2017-10-04 words: 287 flesch: 35 summary: Suomen Ayr- shireyhdistyksen ja Suomen Sianjalostusyhdistyksen kunniajäsen. Hänen tutkimuksensa on tehty pääasiassa kvantitatiivisen genetiikan alalla ja niille on luonteenomaista paneutumi- nen käytännön kotieläintaloudelle tärkeisiin ongelmiin. keywords: hän; oli; vainikainen; viljo cache: afs-71798.pdf plain text: afs-71798.txt item: #712 of 872 id: afs-71811 author: None title: afs-71811 date: 2017-10-04 words: 1937 flesch: 71 summary: The purpose was to compare the composition of apple and berries, and at the same time to discover the difference between apple varieties. On the other hand, Norwegian authors reported titratable acid contents equal to or slightly higher than those found in the present study, and figures of the same magni- tude were also published by Wilkinson (1957, 1958) from England. keywords: acidity; acids; apples; composition; salo; varieties cache: afs-71811.pdf plain text: afs-71811.txt item: #713 of 872 id: afs-71815 author: None title: afs-71815 date: 2017-10-04 words: 1625 flesch: 66 summary: The starch contents of tubers and tuber size distribution of the varieties are presented in Table 1. Ottaen huomioon kaikki kuvassa 1 esi- tetyt tulokset ovat Record ja Bintje kestävimmät, seuraavina ovat Jaakko ja Pito. keywords: 1967; bintje; injury; resistance; size; tubers; varieties cache: afs-71815.pdf plain text: afs-71815.txt item: #714 of 872 id: afs-71861 author: None title: afs-71861 date: 2017-10-05 words: 939 flesch: 60 summary: Prometryyni ja syanatsiini eivät ole tehonneet yhtä hyvin rikkakasveihin ja satotulos on ilmeisesti tämän takia ollut epätasaisempi. Maavaikutteisten herbisidien ollessa kyseessä ovat myös ilmasto ja maaperän ominaisuudet tulokseen vai- kuttavia tekijöitä keywords: oli; perunan; rikkakasvien cache: afs-71861.pdf plain text: afs-71861.txt item: #715 of 872 id: afs-71870 author: None title: afs-71870 date: 2017-10-05 words: 788 flesch: 41 summary: 1. eräät metallit voivat olla toksisia ihmiselle, ja tämä toksi- suus johtuu liiallisesta näiden elementtien joutumisesta elimistöön ja niiden akkumuloitumisesta kudoksiin. ja 3. keywords: elements; eri; hivenaineen; myös; niiden; olla; tai; trace; voidaan cache: afs-71870.pdf plain text: afs-71870.txt item: #716 of 872 id: afs-71879 author: None title: afs-71879 date: 2017-10-05 words: 1590 flesch: 35 summary: Eräät kaliumin ja fosforin määritysmenetelmiä koskevat vertailut olivat hänen ensimmäisiä tie- teellisiä töitään ja näistä aiheista hän oli myöhemminkin kiinnostunut. Maatalousministeriön tuotanto-osaston palvelukseen, ja silloin hänen käytännöllis-tietopuoliset taitonsa pääsivät oikeuksiinsa koko valtakunnan käsittävässä maatalouden tuotantokamp- pailussa. keywords: erityisesti; fosforin; hän; hänen; kanssa; kasvinviljelyn; lannoitteiden; maan; maanviljelyskemian; maatalouden; martti; myöhemmin; myös; niiden; oli; ollut; ovat; salonen; sekä; sen cache: afs-71879.pdf plain text: afs-71879.txt item: #717 of 872 id: afs-71936 author: None title: afs-71936 date: 2017-09-27 words: 1034 flesch: 59 summary: Relation between free formaldehyde and lactate contents in silages prepared with Viherliuos in 1975 Formaldehyde mg/kg fresh weight Lactate, % Autumn 1975 Spring 1976 x s n x s n <0.6 195.7 162.0 14 135.0 93.3 11 0.6-1.79 84.4 40.0 18 78.5 182.3 51 1.8-2.19 63.6 39.7 7 38.9 87.9 52 >2.20 62.6 27.4 5 29.3 11.7 27 According to the results it seems that the amount of free formaldehyde is at its highest in unfermented Viherliuos silages; in some it was so high that after feeding these silages there would be the possibility of the transfer of formaldehyde to milk. Relationship between free formaldehyde content and pH in silages preserved with Viherliuos in 1975. keywords: content; formaldehyde; silages cache: afs-71936.pdf plain text: afs-71936.txt item: #718 of 872 id: afs-72090 author: None title: afs-72090 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1715 flesch: 67 summary: According to FOGERTY and JOHN- SON (1980), milk and some other foods contain at least small amounts of formaldehyde, generally less than 10 mg/kg, but not necessarily in the form of free formaldehyde. Formaldehyde content of milk. keywords: formaldehyde; milk; protein cache: afs-72090.pdf plain text: afs-72090.txt item: #719 of 872 id: afs-72198 author: None title: afs-72198 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1441 flesch: 75 summary: Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Voi 57: 163—165, 1985 Development of chemical composition of grain during growth and ripening MAIJA-LIISA SALO Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI. Introduction Cereals are usually harvested at a stage of full-ripeness, when the moisture content has decreased, and the preparation of grain for storage is thereby cheaper. keywords: content; grains; green; starch; value cache: afs-72198.pdf plain text: afs-72198.txt item: #720 of 872 id: afs-72202 author: None title: afs-72202 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1416 flesch: 49 summary: Helsingin yliopiston entinen rehtori, profes- sori Erkki Kivinen kuoli 4.10. Erkki Kivinen oli syntynyt 11.4. keywords: erkki; helsinki; hän; hänen; kivinen; oli; university; vuonna; vuosina; yliopiston cache: afs-72202.pdf plain text: afs-72202.txt item: #721 of 872 id: afs-72206 author: None title: afs-72206 date: 2017-10-09 words: 804 flesch: 40 summary: peri- aatteet ja terminologia liiketulosten ilmaise- miseksi oli hyväksytty Euroopan maiden maa- talousalan kongressissa Bukarestissa 1929. Hän ei valinnut tutkimusongelmiaan eikä julkaissut teoksiaan niiden populaarisuuden perusteel- la vaan tieteellisyyden ja kokonaistaloudelli- sen mittapuun mukaan. keywords: antti; että; hän; maatalouden; myös; mäen; mäki; oli; puheenjohtajana; sekä; toimi cache: afs-72206.pdf plain text: afs-72206.txt item: #722 of 872 id: afs-72248 author: None title: afs-72248 date: 2017-10-09 words: 1604 flesch: 70 summary: Thermodynamics of soil water: IV. Chemical potential of soil water. keywords: drying; soil; water cache: afs-72248.pdf plain text: afs-72248.txt item: #723 of 872 id: afs-72257 author: None title: afs-72257 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1308 flesch: 41 summary: Erityisesti molekyylibiologiset ja geenitekno- logiset menetelmät ovat jo tulleet hyvin kes- keisiksi kasvipatologiassa, ja jo nyt voidaan sanoa, että näiden uusien menetelmien avul- la kasvitautien torjuntaa voidaan lähitulevai- suudessa oleellisesti tehostaa. Samana vuon- na hänet nimitettiin kasvipatologian dosentik- si Helsingin yliopistoon ja kasvipatologin pro- fessoriksi vuonna 1973. keywords: eeva; hän; pathology; plant; professor; research; tapio; vuonna cache: afs-72257.pdf plain text: afs-72257.txt item: #724 of 872 id: afs-72286 author: None title: afs-72286 date: 2017-10-10 words: 613 flesch: 53 summary: 75 years of agricultural plant breeding »Breeding and selection for northern crop margins» is the theme for this special issue of the Journal of Agricultural Science in Finland, issued on the occasion of the 75th year of ac- tivity of The Hankkija Plant Breeding Insti- tute. Domestic plant breeding has played a deci- sive role in agricultural development. keywords: breeding; plant; varieties cache: afs-72286.pdf plain text: afs-72286.txt item: #725 of 872 id: afs-72301 author: None title: afs-72301 date: 2017-10-10 words: 2148 flesch: 80 summary: Data for LS at birth were analysed using a general least square procedure including these explanatory variables: breed group; age of ewe in years as a deviation from 3 years to the power of 1, 2 and 3 (regression); an effect of station and year; and an effect of breed group and year (to describe changes through years of the same breed group). All effects of the model are highly signifi- cant except breed groups X year which is sig- nificant at the 0.05 level. keywords: group; year cache: afs-72301.pdf plain text: afs-72301.txt item: #726 of 872 id: afs-72303 author: None title: afs-72303 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1854 flesch: 66 summary: Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 60: 530—533, 1988 Prediction of the performance of synthetic sheep strains utilizing Finnsheep and native sheep breeds in Egypt H. MANSOUR 1 and A. M. ABOUL-NAGA2 1 Department ofAnimal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ains Shams University, Shubra A l-Khaima, Cairo, Egypt 2 Animal Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt Abstract. A note on the effect of interbreeding among backcrosses of sheep breeds. keywords: age; individual; number; performance cache: afs-72303.pdf plain text: afs-72303.txt item: #727 of 872 id: afs-72304 author: None title: afs-72304 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1976 flesch: 77 summary: The lowest fibre thickness was parison to other groups, was observed in C observed in C group and the highest thickness in C X W group. The CxF group was charac- terized by the highest concentration of milk ingredients in comparison to other groups; • decrease of wool quantity and increase of fibre thickness in crosses among which ex- treme values of those parameters were ob- served in C X W group; • increase in the fattening period and decrease in the content of valuable cuts in the car- case in the C x W group; The best fleshed and the lowest fatness of loin was observed in C X EF group. keywords: comparison; group; lambs cache: afs-72304.pdf plain text: afs-72304.txt item: #728 of 872 id: afs-72305 author: None title: afs-72305 date: 2018-04-25 words: 848 flesch: 77 summary: Line 66 excelled line 88 in lamb survival, while line 77 was a little inferior to it. Line 66 was inferior to line 77 also in lit- ter size, but it excelled line 88. 3. keywords: line; polish cache: afs-72305.pdf plain text: afs-72305.txt item: #729 of 872 id: afs-72307 author: None title: afs-72307 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1259 flesch: 67 summary: Greasy and clean wool production, length and diameter of fibres as well as wool character evaluated by subjective appraisal were recorded. Conclusion The analysis of wool performance of crossbred ewes (F X PM X PM) did not show any considerable difference in wool yield (greasy wool production a little lower than in purebreds, clean yield a little higher), but the differences in wool quality and character were more pronounced: greater rendement, fibre length and diameterbut lower character score. keywords: ewes; wool cache: afs-72307.pdf plain text: afs-72307.txt item: #730 of 872 id: afs-72308 author: None title: afs-72308 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1554 flesch: 73 summary: The first mating took place in June/July 1985 (reproductive cycle I, at the age of about 18 months); the second one (cycle II) in June/ July 1986, and the third one (cycle III) in February/March 1987. Starting with cycle II both groups of ewes entered the system of 3 matings in 2 years (i.e. every Bth months). keywords: cycles; ewes cache: afs-72308.pdf plain text: afs-72308.txt item: #731 of 872 id: afs-72310 author: None title: afs-72310 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1096 flesch: 69 summary: PP concentrations were determined in Finnsheep (n = 16), Polish Heath (n = 13), Friesian (n = 10), Zelazna (n = 12) and Karakul (n = 14). However, it is still not clear whether there is a possibility to predict the litter size (LS) on the basis of PP concentration either dur- ing oestrus cycle or during pregnancy. keywords: cycle; pregnancy cache: afs-72310.pdf plain text: afs-72310.txt item: #732 of 872 id: afs-72311 author: None title: afs-72311 date: 2017-10-10 words: 354 flesch: 62 summary: The value of the nS/nP ratio in particular groups was as follows: the highest ratio was for the triple group (6.0), in the double group it amounted to 5.8, in quadruple group to 5.6 and in the hexal group to 5.3. The share of quadruple groups was 11.4 %, of double groups 8.6 % and of hexal groups 5.1 %. keywords: groups cache: afs-72311.pdf plain text: afs-72311.txt item: #733 of 872 id: afs-72318 author: None title: afs-72318 date: 2017-10-10 words: 775 flesch: 78 summary: Ram Full-sisters Daughters Total Number with litter size Total Number with litter size records records At least one None At least one None 7185 4 3 (2.70) 1 (1.67) 3 3 (1.70) 7182 4 1 (2.25) 3 (1.33) 1 1 (2.75) 7179 References 1. Index words: Olkuska, Polish Merino, ovulation rate, litter size, inheritance Introduction There are five well-known prolific sheep breeds: Finnsheep, Romanov, D’man, Boo- roola Merino, Cambridge (1). keywords: ewes; litter cache: afs-72318.pdf plain text: afs-72318.txt item: #734 of 872 id: afs-72319 author: None title: afs-72319 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1441 flesch: 68 summary: The second anal- ysis showed that maternal additive effects were important for LLWB, and that maternal hete- rosis was of little importance. Maternal additive effects for the G and S, expressed as a deviation from D, were negative for LLWB, although only the G had significantly low performance (table 3). keywords: additive; breed; dam; effects cache: afs-72319.pdf plain text: afs-72319.txt item: #735 of 872 id: afs-72320 author: None title: afs-72320 date: 2017-10-10 words: 317 flesch: 50 summary: Among breeds where high prolificacy appears tobe inherited quantita- tively, there are differences in variability, with Romanov quite uniform, Finnsheep intermedi- ate, and D’Man more variable. Index words: ovulation rate, litter size, variation, Romanov, Booroola Merino, Finnsheep, D’Man, major gene 602 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND keywords: variation cache: afs-72320.pdf plain text: afs-72320.txt item: #736 of 872 id: afs-72324 author: None title: afs-72324 date: 2017-10-10 words: 971 flesch: 75 summary: Index words: functional extra teats, teat length, teat distance, teat number, milk production Introduction The presence of extra teats may result in higher yields, but in Britain the main interest is in having ewes with four functional teats so that triplet lambs can suck on the ewe simul- taneously and thereby reduce the problems of uneven growth and teat damage. The signifi- cant differences between A and B lamb groups (X 2 for 4 and 2 teat ewe matings = 6.4 and 33.1 respectively) suggest teat number was un- der the control of two or more genes. keywords: ewes; teats cache: afs-72324.pdf plain text: afs-72324.txt item: #737 of 872 id: afs-72325 author: None title: afs-72325 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1347 flesch: 76 summary: The analysis of milk component content determined by Milkoscan apparatus was carried out on 59 ewes of Finnsheep (a total of 880 records for each component). Milk component contents in various months of lactation. keywords: content; milk cache: afs-72325.pdf plain text: afs-72325.txt item: #738 of 872 id: afs-72326 author: None title: afs-72326 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1181 flesch: 84 summary: Correlation coefficients between LSCC and traits tested were; F % 0.07, P % —0.02, L % 0.53, wool yield 0.09, number of weaned lambs 0.01, weight of weaned lambs 0.00. F % 5.38, P % 5.42 and L % 4.74. keywords: lambs; milk cache: afs-72326.pdf plain text: afs-72326.txt item: #739 of 872 id: afs-72327 author: None title: afs-72327 date: 2017-10-10 words: 286 flesch: 48 summary: * Problems of optimizing litter size in using Booroola gene as compared to using otherwise prolific breeds. * Utilization of Finnsheep genes in practical sheep production (systematic crossbreed- ing or use in synthetics). keywords: finnsheep cache: afs-72327.pdf plain text: afs-72327.txt item: #740 of 872 id: afs-72330 author: None title: afs-72330 date: 2017-10-10 words: 2076 flesch: 73 summary: Multiple lambs of F x M ewes had better survival rates than those of M ewes. at 9 months of age: Except for the Mutton Merino X M, Dohne Merino X M and He de France x M, although not signifi- cant, had on average slightly lighter fleeces than their related crosses born from F x M ewes (Table 3). keywords: ewes; merino cache: afs-72330.pdf plain text: afs-72330.txt item: #741 of 872 id: afs-72332 author: None title: afs-72332 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1800 flesch: 74 summary: F x L lambs grew slightly more than L lambs (197 vs 176 g/d; P < .1) during the suckling period but not during the fattening period (207 vs 203 g/d; n.s.), reaching a slightly higher slaughter weight (36.9 vs 35.5 kg; n.s.). D.M. conversion was not different (4.24 vs 4.16; P > .1) while M.E. requirements for growth, esti- mated assuming a maintenance requirement of .44 MJ • d~' ■ kg-' ■ L.W. 7S, resulted higher (+7 %) for Fx L than for L lambs ( keywords: lambs cache: afs-72332.pdf plain text: afs-72332.txt item: #742 of 872 id: afs-72333 author: None title: afs-72333 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1097 flesch: 66 summary: Hind quarter % 45.3 43.8» 1.01 Total lean meat % 63.6 65.1 2.84 Total separable fat % 12.9 12.1 4.87 Bone and tendons % 23.5 22.8 6.00 a, b: P < .05 Table 3. Meat samples from the FxL carcasses showed higher redness and saturation values than meat samples from L lambs. keywords: carcass; crossbreeding; lambs cache: afs-72333.pdf plain text: afs-72333.txt item: #743 of 872 id: afs-72341 author: None title: afs-72341 date: 2017-09-28 words: 581 flesch: 50 summary: Earlier the Society participated in arrange- ments of the annual Agricultural Weeks start- ed in the twenties. The events in the course of history have vio- lently shaken both our country and its people in 1917, when Finland became an independent republic and in the following 80 years as well, and this has been reflected in the activities of our Society. keywords: finland; society cache: afs-72341.pdf plain text: afs-72341.txt item: #744 of 872 id: afs-72352 author: None title: afs-72352 date: 2017-10-10 words: 2475 flesch: 71 summary: P fractions in experimental soils (kg ha-1 ) and the changes in them during seven years of cul- tivation. Index words: P accumulation, residual P, inorganic P fractions Introduction Effective P sorption by A 1 and Fe com- pounds is typical of Finnish mineral soils (Kaila 1963, 1964, 1965, Hartikainen 1979). keywords: fractions; kaila; soils cache: afs-72352.pdf plain text: afs-72352.txt item: #745 of 872 id: afs-72354 author: None title: afs-72354 date: 2017-10-10 words: 2707 flesch: 68 summary: Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 61: 67—72, 1989 Effect of extractant pH on the release of soil phosphorus, aluminium and iron by ammonium fluoride RAINA NISKANEN University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Fractionation of soil phosphorus. keywords: aluminium; fluoride; iron; phosphorus; soil cache: afs-72354.pdf plain text: afs-72354.txt item: #746 of 872 id: afs-72355 author: None title: afs-72355 date: 2017-10-10 words: 2362 flesch: 67 summary: The extractability of manganese in fine sand soil by EDTA decreased as the pH increased, whereas no manganese was ex- tracted from sand soil (Fig. 3). The extraction methods for soil aluminium, iron and manganese are given in Table 2. keywords: aluminium; anions; extractability; iron; oxalate; soil cache: afs-72355.pdf plain text: afs-72355.txt item: #747 of 872 id: afs-72400 author: None title: afs-72400 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1722 flesch: 62 summary: The analytical data of the composite wheat lots used for baking test was obtained from Salovaara (1989). Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 63: 131—135, 1991 Experiences of an automatic small-scale 'home bakery' in test bakings of six spring wheat varieties JARI PELTONEN* and HANNU SALOVAARA** * Department of Crop Husbandry and ** Department of Food Chemistry and Technology SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. keywords: baking; flour; loaf; quality; test; volume cache: afs-72400.pdf plain text: afs-72400.txt item: #748 of 872 id: afs-72420 author: None title: afs-72420 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1445 flesch: 68 summary: Heidema (1923) reported observations made by carrot grow- ers that carrot flies can be controlled by grow- ing onions among carrots. In small-scale field experiments carried out in southern Finland in seven succes- sive years, rows of carrots were grown a) between carrot rows, b) between a carrot and an onion row, and c) between onion rows. keywords: carrot; damage; fly; onions; psila; rosae; rows cache: afs-72420.pdf plain text: afs-72420.txt item: #749 of 872 id: afs-72440 author: None title: afs-72440 date: 2016-10-04 words: 2018 flesch: 68 summary: Performance, carcass quality and Se content of the blood serum and liver of pigs on different Se feeding. Key words: growing pig, organic Se, inorganic Se Introduction The effects of organic and inorganic Se on pigs have been studied widely (Cary et al. 1973, Mahan and Moxon 1978, Goehring et al. 1984 a, Kurkela and Kääntee 1984). keywords: content; inorganic; selenium cache: afs-72440.pdf plain text: afs-72440.txt item: #750 of 872 id: afs-72450 author: None title: afs-72450 date: 2016-10-07 words: 2118 flesch: 68 summary: Silver fox Body size I (small)-5 (large) 5 1 248 Silver fox Colour 1 (dark)-5 (light) 5 2 2063 Various General appearance I (poor)-5 (excellent) 1 304 Agric. Colour tended to be easier to judge than body size or general appearance. keywords: appearance; body; colour; foxes; repeatability; sample; size cache: afs-72450.pdf plain text: afs-72450.txt item: #751 of 872 id: afs-72451 author: None title: afs-72451 date: 2016-10-07 words: 2587 flesch: 72 summary: Mink pelts appeared to be more difficult to grade than blue fox pelts. Repeatabilities of grading It appeared to be more difficult to grade mink pelts than blue fox pelts. keywords: blue; foxes; grading; judges; pelt; traits cache: afs-72451.pdf plain text: afs-72451.txt item: #752 of 872 id: afs-72459 author: None title: afs-72459 date: 2016-10-07 words: 2414 flesch: 67 summary: The same basic mixture, consisting of barley and commercial protein concentrate with all minerals and vitamins except vitamin A, was used in feeding of all the piglets. A histological examination of leg joints did not reveal an increased fre- quency of osteochondrosis in pigs fed with a high level ofvitamin A. Growing finishing pigs, having adequate liver stores of vitamin A at 25 kg of live weight, grew without showing any visible signs of deficiency up to 100 kg weight with no vitamin A additions. keywords: content; feed; level; liver; pigs; vitamin cache: afs-72459.pdf plain text: afs-72459.txt item: #753 of 872 id: afs-72472 author: None title: afs-72472 date: 2016-10-07 words: 2649 flesch: 61 summary: sepedonicus depends on preventing reinfection, it is essential that we have effective bacterial disinfectants at our disposal. ja Virkon S (kalium- peroksisulfaatti). keywords: atroseptica; carotovora subsp; disinfectants; korsolin; michiganensis subsp; sepedonicus; subsp; surfaces cache: afs-72472.pdf plain text: afs-72472.txt item: #754 of 872 id: afs-72658 author: None title: afs-72658 date: 2016-09-23 words: 1503 flesch: 66 summary: Grain yield ofa cultivar was expressed as a yield percentage (Yj/Ymax x 100) where Yi stands for actual grain yields of a cultivar obtained in 1982-88 and Ymax is the highest grain yield of a cultivar obtained in 1982-1988. However, foliar diseases like Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici had a deleterious effect on grain yield of spring wheat and the prognoses on yield with the dynamic model failed (Teittinen et al. 1993). keywords: grain; nelson; spring; wheat; winter; yield cache: afs-72658.pdf plain text: afs-72658.txt item: #755 of 872 id: afs-72669 author: None title: afs-72669 date: 2016-09-23 words: 2551 flesch: 68 summary: p-laktoglobuliinilo- kuksessa olivat A- ja B-alleelien frekvenssit ayrshirella 0,25 ja 0,75 ja friisiläisillä vastaavasti 0,56 ja Several studies have investigated the associa- tion between milk protein variants and various economically important milk traits, including manufacturing properties (e.g. AALTONEN and AN- TILA 1987, Ng-Kwai-Hang et al. 1990). keywords: bulls; casein; cask; dna; finnish; lactoglobulin; pcr cache: afs-72669.pdf plain text: afs-72669.txt item: #756 of 872 id: afs-72694 author: None title: afs-72694 date: 2016-09-26 words: 1636 flesch: 54 summary: The results from this study indicated that cul- tivars that have a short grain-filling period had high rates of panicle and grain filling, which re- sulted in increased HI (Table 1) but had no effect on grain yield. Key words: Avena saliva L., development, grain yield, phytomass, harvest index Introduction A short growing season and the consequent de- mand for early maturing cultivars are the main factors limiting productivity of annual small grains grown in Finland. keywords: filling; grain; growth; panicle; period; vegetative cache: afs-72694.pdf plain text: afs-72694.txt item: #757 of 872 id: afs-72696 author: None title: afs-72696 date: 2016-09-26 words: 2508 flesch: 53 summary: In its standard form, this technique involves synthesis of a number of peptides on acrylic-coated polyethyl- ene pins and testing of these peptides for binding of anti-viral antibodies. Production and char- acteristics of strain common antibodies against a syn- thetic polypeptide corresponding to the C-terminal re- gion of potato virus Y coat protein. keywords: antibodies; binding; epitopes; peptides; pvy cache: afs-72696.pdf plain text: afs-72696.txt item: #758 of 872 id: afs-72699 author: None title: afs-72699 date: 2016-09-26 words: 2499 flesch: 50 summary: The survivability and quality of micropropagated plants can be improved through mycorrhization. Growth differences between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Pru- nus cemsifera are very large (Fortuna et al. 1992), confirming the importance of mycorrhiza inoculation of micropropagated plants. keywords: cuzn; plants; sod; sods; stress; superoxide cache: afs-72699.pdf plain text: afs-72699.txt item: #759 of 872 id: afs-72704 author: None title: afs-72704 date: 2016-09-26 words: 2776 flesch: 57 summary: The receptivity of the organ- ic substrates used in the potting mixes to the AMF and the effects of the inoculation on plant growth have been little studied. This work has studied the receptivity of two different peat based mixes, without added soil, to four AM fungi and the effects of the inoculation on plant growth. keywords: arbuscular; colonisation; fungi; glomus; growth; mixes; mycorrhizal; plant cache: afs-72704.pdf plain text: afs-72704.txt item: #760 of 872 id: afs-72713 author: None title: afs-72713 date: 2016-10-06 words: 2094 flesch: 70 summary: The combined ef- feet of the number of nymphs and the length of their feeding period on the length of barley plants was significant 22 days after sowing. The 513 Agricultural Science in Finland 3 (1994) Table 1.Effect of feeding by Metadelphax propinqua nymphs on barley. keywords: feeding; length; plant; propinqua; weight cache: afs-72713.pdf plain text: afs-72713.txt item: #761 of 872 id: afs-72736 author: None title: afs-72736 date: 2016-10-07 words: 1903 flesch: 54 summary: Legume Total dry weight (g) Dry weight of root nodules (g) Pesticide- Control Pesticide Control treated treated Arachis pintoi 10.15(1.96) 12.6(2.18) 0.11(0.035) 0.17(0.07) However, these chemicals may influence the development of root nodule symbiosis. keywords: gaucho; growth; legumes; nodulation; pesticides; rhizobia; root; seeds cache: afs-72736.pdf plain text: afs-72736.txt item: #762 of 872 id: afs-72738 author: None title: afs-72738 date: 2016-10-07 words: 924 flesch: 50 summary: Moreover, the advisory © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received June 1996 219 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND 2 Laurila, 1.P.: Horticultural economics research needs more resources (News and Reports) service in horticultural economics, especially concerning the production in open field, is in- sufficient. In the of- ficial statistics, horticultural enterprises are grouped in no more than one or two categories despite the fact that the enterprises differ con- siderably from each other. keywords: economics; prices; research; support cache: afs-72738.pdf plain text: afs-72738.txt item: #763 of 872 id: afs-72759 author: None title: afs-72759 date: 2016-10-07 words: 1931 flesch: 57 summary: The use of embryo transfer (ET) to improve the rate of female reproduction is not a recent innovation. Compiling the figures we can approximate that the MOET (multiple ovulation and embryo transfer) operation could yield an average of 10-15 conceptions or 5 to 7 female calves per selected donor per year. keywords: bredbacka; breeding; cattle; embryo; finland; science cache: afs-72759.pdf plain text: afs-72759.txt item: #764 of 872 id: afs-72782 author: None title: afs-72782 date: 2016-10-07 words: 2600 flesch: 63 summary: Fractionation of whey proteins. Centrifugal separation of whey proteins 150-153. TECATOR. keywords: concentration; content; dry; matter; min; whey cache: afs-72782.pdf plain text: afs-72782.txt item: #765 of 872 id: afs-72787 author: None title: afs-72787 date: 2016-10-07 words: 2130 flesch: 53 summary: DNA fingerprinting ofFinnish blackberry cultivars facultatively apomictic, i.e. able to produce seeds without prior fertilization (Nybom 1988). This level of inter-cultivar differentiation is of the same magnitude as that previously re- ported among blackberry cultivars (Nybom et al. 1989, Nybom and Hall 1991). keywords: accessions; antonius; blackberry; cultivars; dna; fingerprints; finland; majestät; nybom; rubus cache: afs-72787.pdf plain text: afs-72787.txt item: #766 of 872 id: afs-72796 author: None title: afs-72796 date: 2016-10-07 words: 1128 flesch: 59 summary: Identification and characterization of resistance to Russian wheat aphid in small-grain cereals: investigations at CIMMYT, 1990-1992. It was particularly abundant on wheat plants around field and plot margins. keywords: aphid; diuraphis; finland; frequens; wheat cache: afs-72796.pdf plain text: afs-72796.txt item: #767 of 872 id: afs-72804 author: None title: afs-72804 date: 2016-10-07 words: 2180 flesch: 69 summary: Material and methods Seasonal occurrence of Lygus species was de- termined from sweep net samples taken in 16 successive years (from 1955 to 1970) from eight © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received September 1997 409 V01.6(1997):409^H3. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Varis, A.-L. Lygus bugs onfield crops in Finland crops: barley, Hordeum vulgäre L,; oats, Avena saliva L.; spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; winter rye, Secale cereale L.; potato, Solanum tuberosum L.; sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris L. v. al- tissima Doell.; Seasonal occurrence of Lygus bugs on field crops in Finland Anna-Liisa Varis Department ofApplied Zoology, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, keywords: adults; crops; finland; lygus; numbers; species cache: afs-72804.pdf plain text: afs-72804.txt item: #768 of 872 id: afs-72920 author: None title: afs-72920 date: 2017-10-10 words: 1908 flesch: 76 summary: Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 62: 17—20, 1990 RESEARCH NOTE Temperature dependence of phosphate sorption in mineral soils RAINA NISKANEN University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Because the soil material in the above studies was limited and the results were contradictory, the aim of this paper was to study in a larger soil material the effect of temperature on phosphate sorption from a low P concentration. keywords: phosphate; soil; sorption cache: afs-72920.pdf plain text: afs-72920.txt item: #769 of 872 id: afs-72923 author: None title: afs-72923 date: 2017-10-10 words: 2337 flesch: 76 summary: Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 62: 45—49, 1990 Effect of bee pollination on yield and yield components of field bean (Vicia faba L.) ANNA-LIISA VARIS & RAIJA BRAX 1 Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. The effect of bees on the yield of field bean (Vida faba L.) was studied in cage experiments in southern Finland during two successive years. keywords: bean; bees; field; number; plants; plots; pollination; seeds; year cache: afs-72923.pdf plain text: afs-72923.txt item: #770 of 872 id: afs-73149 author: None title: afs-73149 date: 2019-01-31 words: 8138 flesch: 68 summary: In the context of protein and amino acid intake, it is known that lower dietary protein contents result in reduced hair properties (Rasmussen and Børsting 2000) and more generally on pelt quality in mink (Työppönen et al. 1986, Sandbøl et al. 2004) and in blue fox (Dahlman et al. 2003). I E N C E V. Ylinen et al. (2018) 27: 168–178 176 Our results are in line with Dahlman et al. (2002a, 2002b, 2003), who found that weight gain of 11–16 weeks old blue foxes was positively affected when dietary protein level was 22.5–30% of ME compared with 15% of ME, but also that 15% of ME from protein was sufficient for blue foxes that have reached full maturity. keywords: dcp; diets; p20; pelt; protein; trial cache: afs-73149.pdf plain text: afs-73149.txt item: #771 of 872 id: afs-73282 author: None title: afs-73282 date: 2019-03-27 words: 5888 flesch: 67 summary: Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Treatments with optimal soil moisture (70% FWC) and drought stress (40% FWC) were included. keywords: braunii; content; drought; pratense; soil; stress; water; yield cache: afs-73282.pdf plain text: afs-73282.txt item: #772 of 872 id: afs-7354 author: None title: afs-7354 date: 2013-06-25 words: 6732 flesch: 59 summary: Fast growth of pepper, particularly of that grown in glasshouse, correlates with lower Ca absorption from substrates and its low concentration in pepper fruits (Marcelis and Ho 1999), along with induction of BER. Application of biostimulants significantly increased the Fe content in pepper fruits in both years (Fig. 5). keywords: biostimulants; c b; c en; fruits; lc c; pepper; plants; t c; yield cache: afs-7354.pdf plain text: afs-7354.txt item: #773 of 872 id: afs-7355 author: None title: afs-7355 date: 2013-06-26 words: 6965 flesch: 67 summary: Kymäläinen and Sjöberg (2006) have reported, however, almost equally as high cadmium contents, 1.3 mg kg-1 in linseed from Si- untio, in Finlands’ Uusimaa province. The differences in cadmium content between varieties were not high and no significant dif- ferences between varieties were found (Table 3 and 4). keywords: cadmium; contents; finland; kg-1; lead; lignan; linseed; oil; protein; sdg; soil; table; variance; varieties; year cache: afs-7355.pdf plain text: afs-7355.txt item: #774 of 872 id: afs-74369 author: None title: afs-74369 date: 2019-01-14 words: 7738 flesch: 63 summary: Effects of dry period energy intake on insulin resistance, metabolic adaptation, and production responses in transition dairy cows on grass silage-based diets. (1999), which showed that increasing the EI of dry cows with concentrate tended to decrease milk yield in GS-based diets. keywords: calving; con; cows; d-1; dairy; dry; effect; energy; et al; hei; intake; period; prepartum; requirements; weeks cache: afs-74369.pdf plain text: afs-74369.txt item: #775 of 872 id: afs-74372 author: None title: afs-74372 date: 2019-01-14 words: 9505 flesch: 66 summary: (2012), meat storage in MA with high O 2 content contributes to greater drip loss, which is associated with increased susceptibility of pro- teins to oxidation. Sensory properties and shear force values The rate and extent of changes in the sensory quality of meat are determined by meat handling before packag- ing, the composition of gas mixture in MA packaging, and the time and method of meat storage (Brewer and No- vakofski 2008, Zakrys et al. 2009, Zhou et al. 2010, Resconi et al. 2012, Vitale et al. 2014). keywords: beef; days; et al; freezing; loss; meat; meat samples; meat science; quality; samples; science; storage; values cache: afs-74372.pdf plain text: afs-74372.txt item: #776 of 872 id: afs-7448 author: None title: afs-7448 date: 2013-06-25 words: 11260 flesch: 69 summary: In the present study, using meta-analytical techniques, we reviewed quan- titatively 40 Finnish field experiments related to the effects of N fertilizer on the main parameters of yield quality (1000 grain weight, test weight, protein content) and grain N uptake, and we examined the sources of variation in the responses. Reduced use of N fertilizer is likely to decrease both production costs and N leaching, while it may also result in reduced crop yields and quality if crops experience temporary N de- ficiency. keywords: content; fertilizer; grain; ha-1; protein; response; weight; yield cache: afs-7448.pdf plain text: afs-7448.txt item: #777 of 872 id: afs-74582 author: None title: afs-74582 date: 2019-01-14 words: 8120 flesch: 62 summary: The difference in the DM content affected the SDMI index, as a meta-anal- ysis by Huhtanen et al. (2007) implied that SDMI is independently affected by silage DM concentration. The relative intake potential of silage DM (SDMI index) was calcu- lated as described by Huhtanen et al. (2007). keywords: bulls; carcass; cut; et al; experiment; feed; g kg-1; grass; grass silage; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage cache: afs-74582.pdf plain text: afs-74582.txt item: #778 of 872 id: afs-7498 author: None title: afs-7498 date: 2013-06-28 words: 8353 flesch: 69 summary: P Olsen was found suitable to describe residual effects on soil P solubility, whereas the P AL -method was not applica- ble for MBM fertilized soils. The differences in soil pH were probably the main reason for the differences in soil P solubility and P uptake between the two soil types. keywords: application; biosolids; bone; dbs; lime; loam; mbm; meat; season; soil; uptake cache: afs-7498.pdf plain text: afs-7498.txt item: #779 of 872 id: afs-75125 author: None title: afs-75125 date: 2019-01-14 words: 3214 flesch: 60 summary: In this study we identified statistical differences between genotypes of CAST and CAPN1 gene variants with meat quality traits in a dairy breed (Nordic Red Cattle) and compared the results with beef breed (Aberdeen Angus). The large variation of meat quality traits in NRC could be a result of minor selection pressure on these traits. keywords: capn1; cast; cattle; meat; nrc; quality; traits; variations cache: afs-75125.pdf plain text: afs-75125.txt item: #780 of 872 id: afs-75600 author: None title: afs-75600 date: 2019-12-31 words: 7326 flesch: 66 summary: Soil N content decreased during the second and third periods (Fig. 3b, 3c). Fertilizer-crop interaction was significant regarding soil N content at several time points and the effects from crop, fertilizer, and fertilizer-crop interaction changed over time (p < 0.05) keywords: clover; content; crop; dna; fertilizer; mixture; ns ns; plots; soil; table; time; timothy; treatment cache: afs-75600.pdf plain text: afs-75600.txt item: #781 of 872 id: afs-7676 author: None title: afs-7676 date: 2013-06-25 words: 5219 flesch: 60 summary: The results suggest that seaweed extracts stimulated an increased accumulation of phytochemicals in cabbage but had no significant effect in yield under these experimental conditions. Seaweed extracts are biostimulants that have been traditionally used as soil conditioners in improving plant growth in agricultural crops (Hurtado et al. 2009). keywords: 2011; application; cabbage; content; et al; extracts; ha-1; nodosum; plants; seaweed; total; yield cache: afs-7676.pdf plain text: afs-7676.txt item: #782 of 872 id: afs-76822 author: None title: afs-76822 date: 2019-11-01 words: 5965 flesch: 67 summary: I E N C E M. Maante-Kuljus et al. (2019) 28: 137–144 143 Conclusion Until now, in Estonia, table grape cultivars have been cultivated in tunnels and wine cultivars in the field. Indices of sugar-acidity as ripeness criteria for wine grapes. keywords: berry; cluster; content; cultivars; field; sladki; tunnel; weight; zilga cache: afs-76822.pdf plain text: afs-76822.txt item: #783 of 872 id: afs-77222 author: None title: afs-77222 date: 2019-03-30 words: 5469 flesch: 69 summary: In the second year of full utilization, mixture yields were determined in the range of 10.78–11.58 Mg ha-1 and were approximately 47% higher relative to the yield of pure-sown Festulolium (Table 2). The above can be attributed to the fact that alfalfa protein is readily soluble in water and undergoes rapid degradation in the rumen. keywords: alfalfa; content; cut; festulolium; mixtures; protein; sown; wsc; yield cache: afs-77222.pdf plain text: afs-77222.txt item: #784 of 872 id: afs-77257 author: None title: afs-77257 date: 2019-11-01 words: 7020 flesch: 57 summary: Based on our results from the year 2015, a similar trend was noticed: 46% of organic apple juices and 33% of conventional apple juices contained patulin. I E N C E L. Heinmaa et al. (2019) 28: 126–136 126 Occurrence of mycotoxin patulin and polyphenol profile of Nordic apple juices in relation to apple cultivation system and pre- processing storage temperature Lagle Heinmaa1, Priit Põldma1, Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi2, Hedi Kaldmäe3, Eivind Vangdal4, Ulla Kidmose5, Marianne Bertelsen5, Roberto Lo Scalzo6, Marta Fibiani6 and Ulvi Moor1 1Chair of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia 2Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium 3Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Polli, Horticultural Research Centre, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Polli, 69108 Mulgi parish, Viljandi county, Estonia 4Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO Ullensvang, NO-5781 Lofthus, Norway 5Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Årslev, Denmark 6Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center of Agro-Industrial and Processing Technologies, (CREA-IAA), via Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy e-mail: lagle.heinmaa@student.emu.ee The aims of this study were to find out if organic apple juice (AJ) contained higher contents of polyphenols or patu- lin compared to conventional AJ, and if higher storage temperature before processing increases patulin content in juice. keywords: apples; content; conventional; et al; food; juice; krameri; organic; patulin; polyphenols; storage; temperature; tuviõun cache: afs-77257.pdf plain text: afs-77257.txt item: #785 of 872 id: afs-77398 author: None title: afs-77398 date: 2019-03-30 words: 8683 flesch: 62 summary: A multi-species experiment in their native range indicates pre- adaptation of invasive alien plant species. I E N C E T. Kaukoranta et al. (2019) 28: 45–57 45 Manuscript received December 2018 Invasion potential of herbaceous ornamental perennials in northern climate conditions Timo Kaukoranta1, Sirkka Juhanoja2, Eeva-Maria Tuhkanen2 and Terho Hyvönen1 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Itäinen pitkäkatu 4 A, 20520 Turku, Finland e-mail: terho.hyvonen@luke.fi Ornamental plants comprise a great share of alien plant species worldwide. keywords: alien; clones; common; emergence; et al; experiment; field; finland; gardens; greenhouse; moisture; plant; production; seedling; species cache: afs-77398.pdf plain text: afs-77398.txt item: #786 of 872 id: afs-7754 author: None title: afs-7754 date: 2013-06-25 words: 11988 flesch: 60 summary: The user-price of LFA land must fall (row 26) to induce land users to absorb the increase in LFA land supply. We obtained data delineating LFA land by NUTS2 region in Poland from IUNG (Institute of Soil Science and Land Cultivation) (MARD 2009). keywords: 2009; cent; change; gdp; land; lfa; lfa land; model; national; percentage; poland; polish; polterm; regional; regions; row; supply; support; table cache: afs-7754.pdf plain text: afs-7754.txt item: #787 of 872 id: afs-7781 author: None title: afs-7781 date: 2013-06-25 words: 7864 flesch: 72 summary: However, increasing carcass weight with the present breed distribution is not desirable, as beef carcasses are al- ready adequately fat or over-fat at existing carcass weights (Herva et al. 2011). However, the current situation is complicated because fatness generally increases with higher carcass weight (Keane and Allen 1998) and, on the other hand, market demand in Scandinavia concerning carcass fat is different from those beef markets where marbled beef is favoured (Herva et al. 2011). keywords: beef; breed; bulls; carcass; fat; hol cache: afs-7781.pdf plain text: afs-7781.txt item: #788 of 872 id: afs-7799 author: None title: afs-7799 date: 2013-03-15 words: 1154 flesch: 48 summary: The Special issue begins with a review of Richard Muck focusing on recent advances in silage microbiology. He points out how the new techniques available in silage microbiology helps us to gain better understanding of si- lage microbiology and allow us to better manage ensiling process and develop better additives. keywords: dairy; issue; research; silage cache: afs-7799.pdf plain text: afs-7799.txt item: #789 of 872 id: afs-78169 author: None title: afs-78169 date: 2019-06-27 words: 6272 flesch: 61 summary: The experiment was conducted in three-factor sys- tem and the experimental factors were as follows: inoculation of plant roots with AMF or lack of it (+AMF/–AMF), content of P in the substrate (140 mg dm-3, the optimal level, or 70 mg dm-3) and content of Se (0, 6 or 12 mg dm3). The experiment involving cultivation of red clover demonstrated that sequestration of orobranchol, a sesquiterpene compound, by plant roots was regu- lated by the concentration of P in the root zone and increased under conditions of decreasing concentration of this macroelement in the root zone (Yoneyama et al. 2007). keywords: amf; concentration; content; effect; lettuce; mycorrhizal; n.s; phosphorus; plants; selenium; substrate cache: afs-78169.pdf plain text: afs-78169.txt item: #790 of 872 id: afs-7887 author: None title: afs-7887 date: 2013-12-16 words: 3779 flesch: 70 summary: We found that soil amended biochar can significantly diminish the burst of N 2 O after the soil FT event (by 61% just after FT event) and substantially reduce the risk of NO 3 -N and NH 4 +-N leaching from the agricultural soil. Soil water content and freezing temperature affect freeze-thaw related N 2 O production in organic soil. keywords: biochar; mesocosms; soil; water cache: afs-7887.pdf plain text: afs-7887.txt item: #791 of 872 id: afs-7897 author: None title: afs-7897 date: 2013-06-25 words: 7486 flesch: 59 summary: It was offered to enrich red LED light with the spectra of blue fluorescent light (Bula et al. 1991, Yorio et al. 2001, Yorio et al. 2011), how- ever the apparent era of LED researches started, when blue LEDs were introduced to the market. Similar results were obtained, when red LED light was supplemented with blue light form blue fluorescent lamps (Yorio et al. 2001, Yorio et al. 2011). keywords: 2012; blue; et al; green; growth; leaf; leds; lettuce; light; lighting; red; s-1; supplemental; µmol cache: afs-7897.pdf plain text: afs-7897.txt item: #792 of 872 id: afs-79329 author: None title: afs-79329 date: 2019-09-26 words: 8392 flesch: 59 summary: Soil hydraulic conductivities and their spatial and temporal variations in a Ver- tisol. In land under agricultural use, soil hydraulic properties thus play a major role in determining both the level of crop productivity and the extent of environmental loading. keywords: conductivity; et al; field; flow; head; hydraulic; infiltration; k(h; measurements; moisture; pressure; soil; tillage; water cache: afs-79329.pdf plain text: afs-79329.txt item: #793 of 872 id: afs-79458 author: None title: afs-79458 date: 2019-06-30 words: 5482 flesch: 61 summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of geographical apple tree growing location on the accumulation of the dominant bioactive compounds in apple fruits, specifically phenolics and triterpenes, as the most valuable substances for human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the geographical apple-tree growing location on the accumulation of dominant bioactive compounds in apple fruits: phenolics and triterpenes as the most valuable substances for human health. keywords: apple; compounds; estonia; location; poland cache: afs-79458.pdf plain text: afs-79458.txt item: #794 of 872 id: afs-79500 author: None title: afs-79500 date: 2019-11-01 words: 9499 flesch: 45 summary: Entrepreneurial BM innovation competency framework (Modified from Foss & Saebi 2017) Entrepreneurial competencies have been recognized to have a connection to the venture performance (Chandler and Jansen 1992, Pukkinen 2018). keywords: 2010; bm innovation; business; competencies; competency; entrepreneurial; et al; family; firm; industry; innovation; management; market; model; new; research; study cache: afs-79500.pdf plain text: afs-79500.txt item: #795 of 872 id: afs-79829 author: None title: afs-79829 date: 2022-10-18 words: 6807 flesch: 62 summary: By-products such as carrot derived feed materials may also have positive effects in feeding of livestock as it is read- ily consumed and is rich in e.g. carotene. studying the effect of feeding seven kg per day of carrots to dairy cows found an increase in carotene concentration in blood as well as 30% higher α-tocopherol concentration and more intense yellow colour of butter resulting in improved cow health and product quality. keywords: acid; carrot; control; days; ensiling; feed; fermentation; lab; products cache: afs-79829.pdf plain text: afs-79829.txt item: #796 of 872 id: afs-7991 author: None title: afs-7991 date: 2014-01-03 words: 4190 flesch: 63 summary: The heritability estimates obtained for sow longevity traits in Finnish Yorkshire and Finnish Landrace were similar to those for the reproductive traits, indicating that there is sufficient genetic variation for selection in both breeds. Number of observations (N), means and SD of length of productive life (LPL), total number of parities (TNP), and lifetime prolificacy traits in Finnish Landrace and Yorkshire. keywords: finnish; landrace; lpl; number; piglets; traits; yorkshire cache: afs-7991.pdf plain text: afs-7991.txt item: #797 of 872 id: afs-8007 author: None title: afs-8007 date: 2013-10-09 words: 9257 flesch: 57 summary: In fact, the simulated change in domestic GHG emissions due to reduced red meat production is even slightly positive (+1%; Fig. 10). Overall, the impacts of the meatm1 and meatm2 scenarios on agricultural income are very small (only +1−2% compared to the baseline), which is not surprising considering the increase in poultry meat production and slight increase in milk production, while pigmeat production suffers from the unfavourable evolution of the price ratio between pigmeat and cereal prices predicted by OECD-FAO 2012. keywords: beef; changes; consumption; demand; emissions; finland; food; ghg; meat; meatm2; model; production; products; sector cache: afs-8007.pdf plain text: afs-8007.txt item: #798 of 872 id: afs-8095 author: None title: afs-8095 date: 2013-12-17 words: 12591 flesch: 65 summary: Biochar affects the structure rather than the total biomass ofmicrobial communities in temperate soils Introduction Materials and methods Soil and biochar characterization Greenhouse experiment Field experiment Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) Statistical analysis Results Greenhouse experiment Field experiment Discussion Effects of biochar on the soil microbial biomass and community structure Linking soil microbial community changes to the soil properties in the greenhouseexperiment Comparison of soil microbial community growth and plant growth in the greenhouseexperiment Effects of biochar on soil microorganisms in the field Conclusion Acknowledgement References Appendix: Nutrient dynamics, microbial growth and weed emergence in biochar amended soil are influenced by time since application and reapplication rate. keywords: biochar; c e; day; e n; eschenau; et al; experiment; greenhouse; kaindorf; n c; nitrogen; plfas; soil; traismauer; treatments cache: afs-8095.pdf plain text: afs-8095.txt item: #799 of 872 id: afs-8147 author: None title: afs-8147 date: 2013-12-16 words: 9920 flesch: 51 summary: McBride and Johnson (2006) and Solano et al. (2006) conclude that it is difficult to characterize farm management by basic characteristics of farm operator or proxies like efficiency of financing, solidity of the farm, and success in cattle breeding. Textbooks about farm management focus heavily on production and cost theory to answer questions about resource allocation and optimal input and output mixes. keywords: construct; farm; farmer; farming; management; margin; model; operating; performance; process; profitability; success; thinking; variables cache: afs-8147.pdf plain text: afs-8147.txt item: #800 of 872 id: afs-8153 author: None title: afs-8153 date: 2013-10-10 words: 6928 flesch: 58 summary: In ad- dition, MTT Official Variety Trial datasets (Kangas et al. 2010) were used to assess possible drivers for recorded switches among barley, oat and wheat cultivars differing in earliness (Table 1) and thereby responsiveness for risks including lodging, delayed harvests and yield and quality losses. For example, increase in late summer precipita- tion in the preceding year (generally represented as a challenge to harvests of late maturing crops) coincided with increased area of spring barley cultivation in the following year (Fig. 7b) and use of wheat cultivars that matured slightly earlier (r= −0.54, p=0.05). keywords: area; barley; changes; cultivars; cultivation; finland; peltonen; sainio; spring; wheat; year cache: afs-8153.pdf plain text: afs-8153.txt item: #801 of 872 id: afs-8155 author: None title: afs-8155 date: 2013-12-16 words: 10114 flesch: 70 summary: The first growing season in the Chernozem region was affected by a prolonged drought period, which resulted in positive effects of BC on soil water-holding capacity (WHC) and barley crop yield (+ 10%) for the 72 t ha-1 BC + N treatment compared to a control with identical nutrient supply but without BC. The particular effects of BC application on soil and plant yield, however, are not only dependent on the quality of the BC, but also on the specific soil characteristics (e.g. soil texture, SOM, pH). keywords: 2012; 2013; application; bc application; biochar; effects; et al; ha-1; ha-1 bc; kg ha-1; n c; soil; t ha-1; uptake; water; yield cache: afs-8155.pdf plain text: afs-8155.txt item: #802 of 872 id: afs-8160 author: None title: afs-8160 date: 2013-10-09 words: 4611 flesch: 69 summary: Level of significance: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001. N at heading Biomass at heading Grain N Straw N Grain N Straw N tot N NHI % However, in the literature, various results have been reported for slow- release N fertilizer response; reduced yield, grain N and N uptake (McKenzie et al. 2007), increased yield and re- duced grain N (Beres et al. 2010), and no yield effect, but increased grain N and N recovery (Haderlein et al. 2001). keywords: fertilizer; grain; nitrogen; peltonen; release; sainio; wheat; yield cache: afs-8160.pdf plain text: afs-8160.txt item: #803 of 872 id: afs-8161 author: None title: afs-8161 date: 2014-02-20 words: 3806 flesch: 63 summary: Animal behaviour was recorded manually outdoors. The effect of housing in a slatted floor shed for 4 months on animal behaviour up to 10 days after turnout compared with heifers that grazed continually. keywords: animals; behaviour; grazing; lying; time cache: afs-8161.pdf plain text: afs-8161.txt item: #804 of 872 id: afs-8195 author: None title: afs-8195 date: 2013-12-16 words: 7343 flesch: 63 summary: Interpolated maps of soil properties normally used as indicators of ADE soils. ADE soils are rich in archaeological artefacts, nutrients, organic matter and carbon in the very stable form of pyrogenic carbon, also referred to as black carbon or biochar. keywords: ade; area; class; data; eca; gamma; mapping; msa; properties; sensor; soil; values cache: afs-8195.pdf plain text: afs-8195.txt item: #805 of 872 id: afs-8230 author: None title: afs-8230 date: 2013-12-16 words: 4907 flesch: 66 summary: Nutritional quality of wheat grain, including its trace element status is of interest for both agronomists and nutritionists. Concentrations of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in wheat grain have received particular attention due to the widespread deficiency of these trace elements in humans (Welch & Graham 2004). keywords: concentrations; elements; fertilization; grain; table; trace; wheat cache: afs-8230.pdf plain text: afs-8230.txt item: #806 of 872 id: afs-82721 author: None title: afs-82721 date: 2019-12-30 words: 6868 flesch: 52 summary: I E N C E J. Kowalska et al. (2019) 28: 190–199 190 The influence of chokeberry juice and inulin as osmotic-enriching agents in pre-treatment on polyphenols content and sensory quality of dried strawberries Jolanta Kowalska1,3, Andrzej Lenart2,3, Sylwia Roszkowska1,3 and Hanna Kowalska2,3 1Department of Technology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland 2Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland 3Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland e-mail: jolanta_kowalska@sggw.pl The objective of this study was to explain the effect of osmotic dehydration pre-treatment (chokeberry juice or inu- lin) and drying method (microwave-convective drying or freeze-drying) on polyphenols content, antioxidant activity and sensory properties of dried strawberries. keywords: chokeberry; content; drying; food; fruit; inulin; juice; microwave; polyphenols; samples; strawberries cache: afs-82721.pdf plain text: afs-82721.txt item: #807 of 872 id: afs-82788 author: None title: afs-82788 date: 2020-05-13 words: 8678 flesch: 57 summary: The majority of the scientific articles concerning climate change effects on agriculture in Finland were published by the research projects ILMASOPU (Adaptation of Finnish agro-food sector to climate change) led by Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, ADACAPA (Enhancement of adaptive capacity of Finnish agricultural and food sector) led by Helena Kahiluoto and TUPOLEV (Alien pest species in agriculture and horticulture in Finland) led by Terho Hyvönen. The first scientific publications on the effects of climate change on agriculture and forestry in Finland appeared in the early 1980´s. keywords: adaptation; agriculture; climate change; effects; environment; finland; finnish; hakala; ipcc; production; research; science; working cache: afs-82788.pdf plain text: afs-82788.txt item: #808 of 872 id: afs-83308 author: None title: afs-83308 date: 2019-12-31 words: 6407 flesch: 67 summary: I E N C E E. Stoltz & A.-C. Wallenhammar (2019) 28: 145–154 145 Influence of seed treatment with mineral nutrient products on emergence and growth in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Eva Stoltz1 and Ann-Charlotte Wallenhammar1,2 1Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, PO Box 271, SE 701 45 Örebro, Sweden 2Swedish Agricultural University, Department of Crop Production Ecology, PO Box 7043, SE-751 07 Uppsala, Sweden e-mail: Ann-Charlotte.Wallenhammar@hushallningssallskapet.se Seed treatment with mineral nutrients in spring oilseed rape (SOR) under cold climatic conditions has the potential to improve the outcome of production. keywords: bff; field; growth; mineral; norotec; nutrients; products; seed; table; treatments; yara cache: afs-83308.pdf plain text: afs-83308.txt item: #809 of 872 id: afs-83337 author: None title: afs-83337 date: 2019-11-01 words: 7495 flesch: 65 summary: Prior to soil tillage in spring and after sowing, the highest soil penetration resistance was observed in NT plots (Fig. 2a and 2b). Soil physical properties and earthworms as affected by soil tillage systems, straw and green manure management. keywords: 2017; bean; et al; faba; penetration; plots; resistance; romaneckas; soil; tillage cache: afs-83337.pdf plain text: afs-83337.txt item: #810 of 872 id: afs-83441 author: None title: afs-83441 date: 2020-05-14 words: 8131 flesch: 60 summary: In addition, soil penetration resistance was significantly affected by the experimental treatments in July and September. Importance of soil physical properties, persistence of soil degradation, and consequences for cereal yield Dorothee Kolberg1,2, Hugh Riley3 and Trond Børresen2 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, NO-2418 Elverum, Norway 2Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 keywords: effects; fieldwork; intensity; penetration; resistance; soil; sowing; spring; timing; traffic; yield cache: afs-83441.pdf plain text: afs-83441.txt item: #811 of 872 id: afs-83442 author: None title: afs-83442 date: 2020-05-16 words: 7482 flesch: 60 summary: A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. I E N C E C.P. Ferris et al. (2020) 29: 130–138 130 Effect of dairy cow genotype and concentrate feed level on cow performance and enteric methane emissions during grazing Conrad Peter Ferris1, Hao Peng Jiao 1, Stephen Murray1, Alan Gordon2 and Scott Laidlaw1 1Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. keywords: concentrate; cows; crossbred; dairy; emissions; et al; grazing; holstein; milk; production cache: afs-83442.pdf plain text: afs-83442.txt item: #812 of 872 id: afs-83737 author: None title: afs-83737 date: 2020-03-31 words: 7519 flesch: 66 summary: Rainwater harvesting and conservation tillage increase maize yields in South Africa. Assessing the effect of soil tillage on crop growth A meta- regression analysis on European crop yields under conservation agriculture. keywords: average; conditions; crop; et al; grain; maize; soil; tillage; yield cache: afs-83737.pdf plain text: afs-83737.txt item: #813 of 872 id: afs-8411 author: None title: afs-8411 date: 2013-12-16 words: 6857 flesch: 72 summary: An adverse effect of pea in piglet feed was found also by Valencia et al. (2008). Legume seeds and rapeseed press cake as substitutes forsoybean meal in sow and piglet feed Introduction Material and methods Animals and feed Chemical analyses Statistics Results Discussion References keywords: content; day; feed; group; lupine; piglets; protein; rapeseed cache: afs-8411.pdf plain text: afs-8411.txt item: #814 of 872 id: afs-8431 author: None title: afs-8431 date: 2014-02-24 words: 8370 flesch: 60 summary: Effect of storage temperatures on antioxidant capacity and aroma compounds in strawberry fruit. Cultivar based selection and genetic analysis of strawberry fruits with high levels of health promoting compounds. keywords: acid; antioxidant; capacity; compounds; content; et al; food; fruits; g−1; journal; strawberry; total cache: afs-8431.pdf plain text: afs-8431.txt item: #815 of 872 id: afs-84737 author: None title: afs-84737 date: 2019-12-30 words: 7838 flesch: 62 summary: Heating of high DM silage is a more commonly mentioned risk among farmers than heating of low DM silages. Reasons for that are higher porosity, difficulty to compact sufficiently and higher final temperature of high DM silage compared to low DM si- lage (Wilkinson and Davies 2013). keywords: acid; concentration; crop; ensiling; et al; fbw; fermentation; kg-1; lactic; quality; seppälä; silage; stability; tmr cache: afs-84737.pdf plain text: afs-84737.txt item: #816 of 872 id: afs-84790 author: None title: afs-84790 date: 2020-06-23 words: 12259 flesch: 57 summary: n.s. n.s. n.s. Hydrolysate effects on crop growth and yield were confined to one of the tested cereal crops in this study (barley) and were rather modest in amplitude. keywords: amf; application; barley; bbch; disease; effect; et al; experiment; field; growth; high; hydrolysate; level; n.s; plant; pot; severity; wheat cache: afs-84790.pdf plain text: afs-84790.txt item: #817 of 872 id: afs-85089 author: None title: afs-85089 date: 2020-06-25 words: 8501 flesch: 59 summary: Diet organic matter digestibility was not affected by MCC inclusion but fibre digestibility improved and the additional MCC fibre was vir- tually completely digested. The NDF intake increased linearly (p<0.001) with increasing MCC inclusion, which was expected as MCC replaced barley in the diets. keywords: cellulose; cows; diet; digestibility; et al; feed; inclusion; indf; intake; mcc; milk cache: afs-85089.pdf plain text: afs-85089.txt item: #818 of 872 id: afs-85114 author: None title: afs-85114 date: 2019-12-30 words: 6691 flesch: 58 summary: The restrictive effect of formic acid on silage lactic acid fermentation and the resulting mi- nor influence on osmolality might explain butyric acid fermentation in FA treated silages. In LDM silage butyric acid was detected only in formic acid-treated silage, and the number of clostridia copies was higher in formic acid-treated than in sodium nitrite treated silage. keywords: acid; butyric; clostridia; content; fermentation; herbage; kg-1; könig; ldm; matter; nitrite; quality; silage; sodium; wsc cache: afs-85114.pdf plain text: afs-85114.txt item: #819 of 872 id: afs-85221 author: None title: afs-85221 date: 2020-06-27 words: 7945 flesch: 65 summary: This article discusses the long-term effects of organic and mineral fertilisers on soil P, K and pH level dynamics in organic and conventional farming sys- tems over 10 years. PK-balance in the soil of different treatments Since cover crops and red clover biomass and straw of other crops were not removed from the field, the values of these data were not accounted for in the balance calculation of soil P and K (Table 4 and 5). keywords: crop; farming; organic; plant; soil; system; total; treatments; winter; years; yield; 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 cache: afs-85221.pdf plain text: afs-85221.txt item: #820 of 872 id: afs-8542 author: None title: afs-8542 date: 2014-02-24 words: 12489 flesch: 61 summary: I E N C E T. Haapala et al. (2014) 23: 60–79 60 Feasibility of paper mulches in crop production: a review Tapani Haapala1, Pauliina Palonen1, Antti Korpela2 and Jukka Ahokas1 1University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 62, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: tapani.haapala@helsinki.fi Mulching has become an important practice in modern field production. This article reviews the published research on paper mulches and discusses the opportunity that they offer for solving the problems of the immense use of plastics in agriculture and the associated environmental threat. keywords: biodegradable; black; brown; et al; kraft; kraft paper; m-2; materials; mulch; mulches; mulching; paper; paper mulch; plastic; polyethylene; soil; use; yield cache: afs-8542.pdf plain text: afs-8542.txt item: #821 of 872 id: afs-8558 author: None title: afs-8558 date: 2013-12-16 words: 8373 flesch: 63 summary: In addition, recent advances in plant breeding, agronomic practices and forage conservation technologies are expanding opportunities for these alternative crops (Wallsten 2008) and nowadays small-grain cereals are widely used as whole crop silages for animal feed in temperate climates. Huuskonen et al. (2008) and Huuskonen (2009a, 2011) reported that RSM supplementation to grass silage based diets did not af- fect animal performance of finishing dairy bulls from 6 to 18 months of age, and concluded that there is no rea- son to use protein supplementation for finishing dairy bulls when they are fed with good quality grass silage and barley-based concentrate. keywords: barley; barley silage; bulls; carcass; crop; crop barley; diets; grass; grass silage; huuskonen; kg-1; protein; silage; supplementation cache: afs-8558.pdf plain text: afs-8558.txt item: #822 of 872 id: afs-8576 author: None title: afs-8576 date: 2014-02-25 words: 7043 flesch: 65 summary: In- vertases also have been associated with a role as a regulator of the amount of sucrose during senescence (Hurst et al. 1996, Coupe et al. 2003a, McKenzie et al. 2004, Eason et al. 2007). During the day, the starch is synthesized in chloroplasts by photosynthesis and is degraded during the subsequent night period (Zeeman et al. 2007). keywords: activity; broccoli; chlorophyll; day; et al; postharvest; samples; senescence; storage; sucrose cache: afs-8576.pdf plain text: afs-8576.txt item: #823 of 872 id: afs-8577 author: None title: afs-8577 date: 2014-02-20 words: 7703 flesch: 68 summary: Moreover, other param- eters like: electrical conductivity (Joo et al. 2000a, Lee et al. 2000) or impedance (Swatland 1995) help to identify defects in pork meat quality (Bendall and Swatland 1988, Honikel 1999). that the initial and ultimate pH values were not always a reli- able predictor for ultimate pork quality and its relation to both color and WHC of pork muscle should be more care- fully investigated, although it is evident that pH values are significantly related to both colour and WHC (Table 2). keywords: breed; colour; et al; meat; muscles; pork; quality; table; value; whc cache: afs-8577.pdf plain text: afs-8577.txt item: #824 of 872 id: afs-85830 author: None title: afs-85830 date: 2020-05-22 words: 15165 flesch: 53 summary: GHG emission tax, GHG abatement subsidy and GHG emissions trading A GHG tax (carbon tax) and emissions trading impose a price on GHG emissions, while a GHG abatement subsidy provides a reward for a unit of abatement – also providing an efficient price for emissions. (1b) Equation (1b) provides the key points on which climate policy instruments should be levied: GHG emissions from enteric fermentation and manure, soil emissions and emissions from the use of mineral fertilizers. keywords: 2014; abatement; agriculture; carbon; change; climate; cost; crop; emissions; et al; fertilizer; ghg; ghg emissions; instruments; land; livestock; manure; measures; mitigation; policies; policy; potential; production; sequestration; soil; tax; use cache: afs-85830.pdf plain text: afs-85830.txt item: #825 of 872 id: afs-8587 author: None title: afs-8587 date: 2019-02-20 words: 10353 flesch: 70 summary: MBM fertilizers and nutrient analyses of MBM were obtained from the rendering plant Honkajoki Ltd and nutrient analyses of mineral fertilizers from Yara Ltd in Finland. or by MBM fertilizers. keywords: acc; beet; carrot; content; fertilizer; good; ha-1; mbm; mineral; root; soil; sugar; yield cache: afs-8587.pdf plain text: afs-8587.txt item: #826 of 872 id: afs-86811 author: None title: afs-86811 date: 2020-05-13 words: 24562 flesch: 57 summary: In 1984, the original farmland study areas of Soveri (1940) were re-censused in Lammi (Tiainen et al. 1985, Tiainen and Pakkala 2001). and Åland Island in 2001 with representative sampling (Tiainen et al. 2012a). keywords: abundance; agriculture; beetles; biodiversity; cattle; changes; communities; community; dairy; dung; e j.; ecosystem; effects; et al; farming; farmland; farms; fauna; field; finland; finnish; food; grasslands; grazing; habitat; impact; intensity; landscape; leys; management; natural; number; pastures; plant; production; raatikainen; soil; species; study; tiainen; tiainen et; use; vegetation; virkajärvi cache: afs-86811.pdf plain text: afs-86811.txt item: #827 of 872 id: afs-8682 author: None title: afs-8682 date: 2014-10-02 words: 9570 flesch: 70 summary: Effects of lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-rootfertigation on energy use and CO2 emissions in high latitudecucumber growing Introduction Materials and methods Growing systems Experiments Climate Yield gap Emissions from heating and lighting Statistical analyses Results Yield Weekly energy consum Weekly emissions Seasonal and annual energy use and CO2 emission Yield gap Comparison with other production areas Discussion Energy use Emissions from lighting and heating Comparison with other production areas Conclusions Acknowledgements References Appendix I E N C E T. Kaukoranta et al. (2014) 23: 220–235 220 Effects of lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on energy use and CO 2 emissions in high latitude cucumber growing Timo Kaukoranta, Juha Näkkilä, Liisa Särkkä and Kari Jokinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Toivonlinnantie 518, 21500 Piikkiö, Finland e-mail: timo.kaukoranta@mtt.fi Effects of supplemental lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on weekly to seasonal heat and electricity use and CO 2 emissions in cucumber growing were estimated in Finland. keywords: emissions; energy; greenhouse; heating; kg-1; lighting; m-2; production; semi; summer; use cache: afs-8682.pdf plain text: afs-8682.txt item: #828 of 872 id: afs-86937 author: None title: afs-86937 date: 2020-03-26 words: 10830 flesch: 59 summary: Conclusions The aim of the article is to map the evolution of plant breeding industry in Sweden and to provide an assessment of the use of cultivars that have been bred domestically over foreign bred cultivars. The ratio of local varieties in relation to imported varieties is of special significance to Sweden, which has a long history of plant breeding and a challenging climate. keywords: 2016; 2018; agricultural; breeding; chain; companies; company; crops; food; industry; iprs; market; plant; plant breeding; rights; seed; sweden; swedish; value; varieties; weibull cache: afs-86937.pdf plain text: afs-86937.txt item: #829 of 872 id: afs-87078 author: None title: afs-87078 date: 2020-03-26 words: 8024 flesch: 53 summary: TBARS values (µg MDA g-1 of tissue) obtained with equivalent dose and with 4% absorption of marinade measured in the NQC region (average ± standard error of the mean) Refrigeration time (d) Antioxidants Control Quillay Oregano Romero Synthetic Basal lipid-oxidation 0 0.0647 ± 0.003ab 0.0719 ± 0.004a 0.0722 ± 0.003a 0.0575 ± 0.03b 0.0649 ± 0.004ab 1 0.1078 ± 0.011 0.1222 ± 0.010 0.1294 ± 0.012 0.0970 ± 0.011 0.0975 ± 0.010 2 0.2120 ± 0.025a 0.1725 ± 0.024ab 0.1330 ± 0.025ab 0.1617 ± 0.024ab 0.0755 ± 0.024b 3 0.3019 ± 0.043a 0.2552 ± 0.040ab 0.2336 ± 0.042ab 0.2048 ± 0.044ab 0.1222 ± 0.043b 4 0.4564 ± 0.066 0.3989 ± 0.065 ± 0.067ab 0.1006 ± 0.065b 4 0.6792 ± 0.118a 0.6001 ± 0.120ab 0.4384 ± 0.116ab 0.4205 ± 0.118ab 0.1105 ± 0.117b 5 1.0853 ± 0.187a 0.9523 ± 0.179ab 0.4395 ± 0.188ab 0.4600 ± 0.178ab 0.2300 ± 0.180b 6 1.5848 ± 0.245a 1.2542 ± 0.234ab 0.8230 ± 0.243ab 0.5139 ± 0.244b 0.3666 ± 0.230b Lipid-oxidation at an incubation of 37 °C for 30 minutes with Fe 0 1.1069 ± 0.222a 0.7978 ± 0.218abc 1.0889 ± 0.217ab 0.1294 ± 0.221c 0.1545 ± 0.222bc 1 1.2937 ± 0.217a 0.9739 ± 0.217ab 0.9559 ± 0.220ab 0.1761 ± 0.220b 0.1042 ± 0.217b 2 1.7357 ± 0.266a 1.1536 ± 0.270ab 0.9236 ± 0.255ab 0.2803 ± 0.271b 0.1007 keywords: antioxidant; color; control; et al; extract; fillets; lipid; oregano; oxidation; quillaia; refrigeration; rosemary; synthetic; treatment cache: afs-87078.pdf plain text: afs-87078.txt item: #830 of 872 id: afs-88098 author: None title: afs-88098 date: 2020-06-25 words: 7939 flesch: 67 summary: On the other hand, Schiavone et al. (2017) did not find any significant changes in the colour of broiler breast meat either fresh or subjected to 9 days of retail display that were due to the dietary intake of BSF fat. The proximate composition of broiler meat remained unaffected by the inclusion of BSF larvae (Cullere et al. 2019b) or other insect sources such as Tenebrio molitor (Bovera et al. 2016, Dabbou et al. 2019). keywords: acid; breast; broilers; bsf; bsf meal; diet; et al; fatty; fed; group; meal; meat; quality; thigh cache: afs-88098.pdf plain text: afs-88098.txt item: #831 of 872 id: afs-88257 author: None title: afs-88257 date: 2020-06-26 words: 6734 flesch: 50 summary: Indicators of working capital management strategy of a business entity Variable Construction Sub-indicator Impact X 1 Current Assets/Total Assets A 1 Positive X 2 Inventory/Current Assets A 1 Negative X 3 Accounts receivable/Current Assets A 1 Negative X 4 Cash and Equivalents/Current Assets A 1 Positive X 5 Current Liabilities/Total Assets A 2 Negative X 6 Accounts Payable/Current Liabilities A 2 Positive X 7 Short-term Debt/Current Liabilities A 2 Negative X 8 Current Liabilities/Equity A 2 Negative Source: authors’ research. 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇(𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋) = � 0𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 < 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 < 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 1𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇(𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋) = � 0𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 < 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 < 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 1𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = � 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟11 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟12 … 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 … … … … … … 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟81 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟82 … 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟8𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 I E N C E S. Zabolotnyy & T. Sipiläinen (2020) 29: 239–249 239 A comparison of strategies for working capital management of listed food companies from Northern Europe Serhiy Zabolotnyy1 and Timo Sipiläinen2 1Department of Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland 2Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, Finland e-mail: serhiy_zabolotnyy@sggw.pl keywords: assets; capital; capital management; companies; food; indicator; liabilities; liquidity; management; working cache: afs-88257.pdf plain text: afs-88257.txt item: #832 of 872 id: afs-8832 author: None title: afs-8832 date: 2014-02-24 words: 5781 flesch: 60 summary: Seaweed extracts are mainly applied to crops as root dips, soil drenches or foliar sprays. Seaweed extracts have been shown to improve phenolic antioxidant content in spinach. keywords: 2011; application; broccoli; content; extracts; ha-1; increase; plants; seaweed; total; yield cache: afs-8832.pdf plain text: afs-8832.txt item: #833 of 872 id: afs-8841 author: None title: afs-8841 date: 2014-02-24 words: 5575 flesch: 69 summary: In the treatments, the inputs of N and P depended on MBM rate directly. 3.97b 5.40 20.2ab 3.0 t MBM+K 3.70a 4.15b 6.49 22.7b 4.0 t MBM+K 4.03a 3.71ab 6.07 19.0ab 5.0 t MBM+K 4.33a 3.74b 6.74 21.5ab Grain yield of winter wheat was rather good (ranged from 4.08 to 6.74 t ha-1) and increased along with the increase of MBM rate, however, the difference was not significant (p<0.05). keywords: bone; effect; ha-1; mbm; meal; rape; winter; yield cache: afs-8841.pdf plain text: afs-8841.txt item: #834 of 872 id: afs-88781 author: None title: afs-88781 date: 2020-03-29 words: 7988 flesch: 66 summary: The timing of Cl application was not important for the effects on Cl concentration and DCAD in grasses at the first cut (Table 4). Lowest DCAD was recorded in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and highest in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and meadow brome grass (Bromus riparius Rehmann). keywords: chloride; concentration; dcad; fertilisation; grass; ha-1; kg-1; ns ns; year cache: afs-88781.pdf plain text: afs-88781.txt item: #835 of 872 id: afs-88902 author: None title: afs-88902 date: 2020-12-31 words: 8259 flesch: 54 summary: Estimates of phosphorus abatement cost of gypsum amendment The costs of gypsum amendment consist of three basic items: price of gypsum, its delivery costs to farms and the costs of spreading (either by the farmer or a contractor). To assess the social and economic feasibility of gypsum amendment, a large-scale pilot, “Saving the Archipelago Sea by applying gypsum to agricultural fields” (SAVE) was organized in 2016–2018 in the River Savijoki in south- west Finland, located in the catchment of the Archipelago Sea, a very unique part of the Baltic Sea. keywords: amendment; area; farmers; fields; gypsum; gypsum amendment; phosphorus; pilot; reduction; sea; spreading; water cache: afs-88902.pdf plain text: afs-88902.txt item: #836 of 872 id: afs-88904 author: None title: afs-88904 date: 2020-03-27 words: 8430 flesch: 65 summary: Browning potential and soluble o-quinone content The browning potential and soluble o-quinone (BP and So-Q, respectively) content were determined according to the Couture et al. PPO activity was determined as described by Degl’Innocenti et al. keywords: acid; content; cut; et al; food; g-1; harvest; leaf; lettuce; life; quality; results cache: afs-88904.pdf plain text: afs-88904.txt item: #837 of 872 id: afs-89101 author: None title: afs-89101 date: 2020-04-15 words: 2794 flesch: 62 summary: (Nitrogen analysis n=8, amino acid analysis n=9-18). Key words: amino acids, insects, novel foods, protein analysis Introduction One of the emerging trends in European food is entomophagy, i.e., the eating of insects (Santeramo et al. 2018, Patel et al. 2019). keywords: content; conversion; food; nitrogen; protein cache: afs-89101.pdf plain text: afs-89101.txt item: #838 of 872 id: afs-89171 author: None title: afs-89171 date: 2020-06-27 words: 7415 flesch: 59 summary: Fungal DNA and mycotoxins contents in legume plant samples with different stem growths. Fungal DNA content in legume plant samples with different (A) life cycles and (B) melliferous capacity. keywords: alternaria; average; cladosporium; content; dna; effect; et al; fungi; fusarium; legumes; mycotoxins; oblast; occurrence; plants; samples; species; tri cache: afs-89171.pdf plain text: afs-89171.txt item: #839 of 872 id: afs-89440 author: None title: afs-89440 date: 2020-06-25 words: 5700 flesch: 67 summary: The proportion of the most fertile mare groups, 2–9-year-olds and foaled mares, decreased by 8.2 and 7.1 percentage points, respectively. Differences in foaling rates between young and middle-aged mares, and maiden and foaled mares changed from non-significant to significant (p < 0.0001) due to the foaling rate decline in middle- aged (p = 0.001) and maiden mares (p = 0.01). keywords: book; foaling; mares; mating; period; rates; size cache: afs-89440.pdf plain text: afs-89440.txt item: #840 of 872 id: afs-89559 author: None title: afs-89559 date: 2020-09-25 words: 6782 flesch: 64 summary: However, the impacts of biochar addition vary across soil types, crops, biochar types and soil conditions (e.g. Gao and DeLuca 2016, Saarnio 2016, Glaser and Lehr 2019), as biochar is not a standard product and conditions in agricultural soils vary greatly both spatial- ly and temporally across the globe. I E N C E S. Saarnio & R. Kettunen (2020) 29: 287–296 287 Biochar addition affected nutrient leaching and litter decomposition rates in boreal sandy soils Sanna Saarnio1,2 and Riitta Kettunen1 1Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland 2Current address: Natural Resources Institute Finland, Yliopistokatu 6, 80130 Joensuu, Finland e-mail: sanna.saarnio@luke.fi Effects of biochar addition on litter decomposition rates, nutrient leaching and soil moisture were tested in two boreal agricultural soils; a sandy till and a medium fine sand. keywords: biochar; leaching; litter; nutrient; sandy; soil; total; water cache: afs-89559.pdf plain text: afs-89559.txt item: #841 of 872 id: afs-89726 author: None title: afs-89726 date: 2020-12-30 words: 7055 flesch: 65 summary: in soil in spring before and after growing field pea in different cropping systems and in different years N1 N2 N3 N4 Org1 Org2 Org3 2012 before 3141A*a** 3750Ba 3636Ba 3661Ba 4050BCa 4222Ca 3685Ba 2013 after 3187Aa 3835Ba 3678ABa 3655ABa 3727ABa 3773ABa 3870Ba 2013 before 3316Aa 3616ABa 3678ABa 3769ABa 3922Ba 3992Ba 4147Ba 2014 after 2664Aa 2993Ab 3185Aa 3082Ab 3123Ab 3229Aa 3300Ab 2014 before 2729Aa 2645Aa 2676Aa 3007Aa 3000Aa 2921Aa 3073Aa 2015 after 2737Aa 2907Aa 2697Aa 2813Aa 4432Bb 4623Bb 4420Bb 2015 before 2903Aa 2663Aa 2983Aa 3115Aa 4507Ba 4940Ba 4721Ba 2016 after 2962Aa 2988Ab 2908Aa 2952Aa 3259Ab 3614Bb 3666Bb 2016 before 2846Aa 2945ABa 3071ABCDa 2983ABCa 3389BCDa 3521Da 3463CDa 2017 after 2628Aa 3006ABCa 3069ABCa 2719ABa 3325BCa 3525Ca 3487Ca Average before 2987Aa 3124Aa 3209Aa 3307Aa 3774Ba 3919Ba 3818Ba Average after 2836Aa 3146Aa 3107Aa 3044Aa 3573Ba 3753Ba 3749Ba N1 and Org1 = symbiotically fixed N 2 ; N2 = N 2 + low mineral-N level; N3 = N2 + medium mineral N level;N4 = N 2 + high mineral N level; Org2 = N2 + N taken up by catch crops NCC; Org3 = N 2 + N CC + N applied cattle manure. On comparing the 5-year average of the cropping systems, the organic cropping systems (Org1, Org2 and Org3) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher N soil content than the conventional cropping systems (Table 3); however, there were no signifi- cant differences in soil N before and after peas in any cropping system. keywords: catch; cropping; crops; field; ha-1; mineral; nue; pea; soil; systems; winter cache: afs-89726.pdf plain text: afs-89726.txt item: #842 of 872 id: afs-89813 author: None title: afs-89813 date: 2020-09-30 words: 10310 flesch: 66 summary: Replacing primary growth GS with whole crop silage affected silage DMI quadratically so that the intake of the mixture of GS and whole crop silages was higher than the mean intake of either forage fed alone (Huhtanen et al. 2007). In meta-analyses, small LWG responses to feed MP indicated that microbial protein and rumen-undegraded protein from high quality forages and energy supplements met the protein re- quirements when growing cattle are fed GS or whole crop silage based diets supplemented with grain (Huuskonen et al. 2014, Huuskonen and Huhtanen 2015). keywords: barley; bulls; carcass; crop; dmi; et al; feeding; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage cache: afs-89813.pdf plain text: afs-89813.txt item: #843 of 872 id: afs-90013 author: None title: afs-90013 date: 2020-09-30 words: 8889 flesch: 64 summary: Winter wheat yields in the UK: uncertainties in climate and management impacts. The impact of variation in grain number and individual grain weight on winter wheat yield in the high yield potential environment of Ireland. keywords: crop; data; date; days; et al; grain; kaunas; maturity; model; september; simulated; sowing; temperature; time; wheat; winter; yield cache: afs-90013.pdf plain text: afs-90013.txt item: #844 of 872 id: afs-90687 author: None title: afs-90687 date: 2020-06-27 words: 4368 flesch: 65 summary: The prevention rate of liverwort growth in blueberry in July–August was 95–99%, and in October 78–90%, depending on weather conditions; in rhododendron and blackcurrant, it was 90–95%.The control effect was diminished in more decomposed moss. Automatic sprinkler irrigation systems in nurseries especially encourage liverwort growth, because regular availability of water generates a beneficial environment for the growth and spread of liverwort (Hammett 1976). keywords: blackcurrant; blueberry; control; growth; liverwort; moss; plants; pot; sphagnum; surface cache: afs-90687.pdf plain text: afs-90687.txt item: #845 of 872 id: afs-90757 author: None title: afs-90757 date: 2020-06-30 words: 5717 flesch: 65 summary: Root pruning is a common practice to reduce fruit tree growth. Fruit tree growth and development. keywords: apple; control; fruit; growth; ha-1; pro; pruning; root; tree cache: afs-90757.pdf plain text: afs-90757.txt item: #846 of 872 id: afs-90955 author: None title: afs-90955 date: 2020-06-26 words: 7635 flesch: 65 summary: Two of the steps, numbered 1) and 3) are matrix times vector multiplications. For example, consider AF matrix . keywords: animals; approach; base; matrix; memory; number; pedigree; population cache: afs-90955.pdf plain text: afs-90955.txt item: #847 of 872 id: afs-91504 author: None title: afs-91504 date: 2020-12-31 words: 7208 flesch: 65 summary: The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piikkiö, Finland) in order to have good candidates for breeding within the central zone of Russia. Grouping of apple cultivars by fruit size (average fruit weight) was carried out according to the following grada- tion (taking into account the international methodology UPOV Tg/14/5): small = 41–70 g below average = 71–110 g average = 111–150 g above average = 151–200 g large = 201–250 g The appearance and taste of the fruit were evaluated on a 5-point scale and carried out at the time of optimal fruit maturity by a tasting Committee consisting of 7 people. keywords: apple; average; cultivars; damage; fruits; level; melba; temperature; winter cache: afs-91504.pdf plain text: afs-91504.txt item: #848 of 872 id: afs-91704 author: None title: afs-91704 date: 2020-09-24 words: 7571 flesch: 66 summary: Total levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3, and ome- ga-6 are higher in organic eggs produced by younger hens. Vitamin K2 levels were higher in the organic eggs (0.23 mg g-1) than in eggs conventionally produced (0.17 mg g-1); however, α-tocopherol was higher in eggs produced conventionally (0.17 mg g-1) than in organic eggs (0.12 mg g-1). keywords: acid; age; cholesterol; composition; eggs; et al; fatty; g-1; hens; levels; rearing; system; vitamin; weeks cache: afs-91704.pdf plain text: afs-91704.txt item: #849 of 872 id: afs-91706 author: None title: afs-91706 date: 2020-12-30 words: 7663 flesch: 66 summary: I E N C E E. Stenberg et al. (2020) 29: 432–441 432 Carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes in lambs reared indoors, on cultivated pasture, or on semi-natural pasture Elin Stenberg1, Anders H. Karlsson1, Camilla Öhgren2 and Katarina Arvidsson-Segerkvist1 1Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 234, SE-53223 Skara, Sweden 2RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, P.O. Box 5401, SE-40229 Gothenburg, Sweden. e-mail: elin.stenberg@slu.se This study evaluated the effects of different lamb production systems on live weight gain (LWG), carcass quality and meat quality. It has also been shown that feedstuffs and feeding regime can also affect lamb meat quality (Watkins et al. 2013). keywords: carcass; differences; et al; feeding; group; lambs; meat; pasture; production; quality; slaughter; study; weight cache: afs-91706.pdf plain text: afs-91706.txt item: #850 of 872 id: afs-92150 author: None title: afs-92150 date: 2020-09-30 words: 7421 flesch: 59 summary: In most cases, drought indices are categorized according to the impact they are associated with. For this purpose, analysis of drought indices and their suitability to the climatic conditions of Lithuania was carried out. keywords: air; drought; htc; index; indices; lithuania; precipitation; soil; temperature; tpi cache: afs-92150.pdf plain text: afs-92150.txt item: #851 of 872 id: afs-9328 author: None title: afs-9328 date: 2013-12-17 words: 1234 flesch: 56 summary: However, biochars can be tremendously different, and temperate or boreal soils may respond completely differ- ent compared to tropical soils where the majority of biochar research has been conducted until recently. The contribution of Karer et al. aims at reducing a considerable gap in biochar research, i.e. the sparseness of larg- er-scale European field trials. keywords: biochar; research; soil cache: afs-9328.pdf plain text: afs-9328.txt item: #852 of 872 id: afs-9334 author: None title: afs-9334 date: 2014-06-30 words: 12146 flesch: 53 summary: Key words: beef farms, distance functions, efficiency, farm accounting data network, Sweden Introduction The beef sector in Sweden is facing challenges to its development. Literature review: why might beef farms be inefficient? Review of related research and hypotheses about factors associated with the efficiency potential of beef farms Based on the existing literature, the factors influencing the economics of beef systems may be generally classified as: farm structure, capital use and regionalization. keywords: 2011; analysis; beef; beef production; cattle; costs; efficiency; et al; farms; feed; grazing; input; livestock; manevska; production; region; swedish; tasevska; use cache: afs-9334.pdf plain text: afs-9334.txt item: #853 of 872 id: afs-9373 author: None title: afs-9373 date: 2014-10-02 words: 6588 flesch: 51 summary: Meat chain products are classi- fied into two categories: meat chain products with a revealed comparative disadvantage (RCA<1) and meat chain products with a revealed comparative advantage (RCA>1). This indi- cates that EU member states can be or cannot be competitors on global meat product chain markets, depending on the diversification segments of the meat product chain. keywords: advantage; chain; competitiveness; eu-27; export; indices; markets; meat; member; products; rca>1; states; trade cache: afs-9373.pdf plain text: afs-9373.txt item: #854 of 872 id: afs-94478 author: None title: afs-94478 date: 2020-05-19 words: 405 flesch: 51 summary: In this special issue, we look at northern agriculture and climate change through articles addressing the following themes: the methane emissions of dairy cows, challenges to arable farming caused by increasing precipitation, biodiversity degradation interconnected with land use and climate change, an increase in perennial forage yields driven by climate change, measures, costs and policies to mitigate climate change in agriculture, and research on the effects of climate change on agricultural production in Finland. Climate change mitigation efforts should also support other environ- mental aspects, such as reducing nutrient leaches, increasing biodiversity, and the promotion of animal welfare. keywords: change; climate cache: afs-94478.pdf plain text: afs-94478.txt item: #855 of 872 id: afs-9489 author: None title: afs-9489 date: 2014-10-07 words: 7574 flesch: 62 summary: In addition to fruits, also sea buckthorn leaves have potential beneficial effects. In animal models an aqueous ex- tract of sea buckthorn leaves has shown adaptogenic properties (Saggu et al. 2007, Saggu and Kumar 2008) and has proven especially efficient for wound healing (Upadhyay et al. 2011), an effect that in part may be attributed to extractable polyphenols (Upadhyay et al. 2010). keywords: analysis; buckthorn; compounds; content; july; leaves; sampling; sea; total cache: afs-9489.pdf plain text: afs-9489.txt item: #856 of 872 id: afs-94993 author: None title: afs-94993 date: 2021-06-30 words: 7100 flesch: 56 summary: Protein ultilization and amino acid digestibility of canola meal in response to phytase in broiler chick- ens. Additivity of amino acid digestibility in corn and soybean meal for broiler chickens and White Peckin ducks. keywords: acids; aid; amino; amino acid; digestibility; et al; feed; ileal; meal; poultry; protein; rapeseed meal; science; sid; soybean meal; wheat cache: afs-94993.pdf plain text: afs-94993.txt item: #857 of 872 id: afs-95282 author: None title: afs-95282 date: 2020-09-24 words: 7607 flesch: 53 summary: The consumption of different food products changes in the alternative diets; and the calculation of economic im- pacts in Finland are based on changes in the volumes of food products consumed in each diet. Hence, the changes in food consumption represented in euros correspond to the physical changes in the catego- ries of food products consumed in the alternative diets. keywords: 2020; change; climate; consumption; diets; finland; food; industry; meat; output; policy; production; products; system cache: afs-95282.pdf plain text: afs-95282.txt item: #858 of 872 id: afs-95408 author: None title: afs-95408 date: 2020-12-30 words: 7095 flesch: 62 summary: These findings provide new insights on the role of soil organic matter on plant Fe nutrition. This will be relevant for assessing the practical consequences of preserving soil organic matter on plants Fe nutrition, and for defining more sustainable strate- gies for overcoming Fe deficiency in plants. keywords: different; et al; humic; iron; lupin; oxides; plant; rate; santiago; soil; uptake; wheat cache: afs-95408.pdf plain text: afs-95408.txt item: #859 of 872 id: afs-95432 author: None title: afs-95432 date: 2021-03-31 words: 9405 flesch: 59 summary: Key words: fuel consumption, energy efficiency, forage harvesting, windrowing, forage transportation Introduction Energy consumption and energy efficiency have become essential topics in all industry sectors during the recent decades. Fuel consumption in SLFW and CBW methods was measured on the farm 1. keywords: cbw; energy; energy consumption; field; forage; forage harvesting; fuel consumption; harvesting; mass; methods; model; slfw; spfh; tpfh; transportation; width; working cache: afs-95432.pdf plain text: afs-95432.txt item: #860 of 872 id: afs-9552 author: None title: afs-9552 date: 2014-07-04 words: 7882 flesch: 60 summary: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts that colonize plant roots and modulate plant growth, while obtaining photosynthetically fixed carbon from their host plants to ensure their own survival. I E N C E G. Sinclair et al. (2014) 23: 146–158 153 The AMF increased root growth overall (Table 4). keywords: amf; cultivars; growth; mycorrhizal; ns ns; plant; root; salinity; salt; species; ssc; strawberry cache: afs-9552.pdf plain text: afs-9552.txt item: #861 of 872 id: afs-95600 author: None title: afs-95600 date: 2020-09-17 words: 8227 flesch: 63 summary: Pulp mill sludges (PMS) could provide a means to replace fertilisers made using non- renewable resources while adding slowly decomposing organic material to the soil and utilising nutrients from the forest industry. The first hypothesis was that part of the fertilisation could be replaced by pulp mill sludges (PMS) with- out compromising the yield quantity or quality. keywords: cpms; effects; et al; fertilisation; finnish; grain; lpms; mill; mill sludges; mineral; paper; pulp; pulp mill; sludges; soil; treatment; yields cache: afs-95600.pdf plain text: afs-95600.txt item: #862 of 872 id: afs-95603 author: None title: afs-95603 date: 2020-12-30 words: 8450 flesch: 61 summary: With RMS bedding cows had less severe integument alterations in tarsal joints (p=0.0031) and their udders were cleaner (p=0.0109) compared to peat. Farmers in UK have reported improvement in a hock condition after changing to RMS bedding from other bedding materials such as sand, sawdust or shredded paper (Green et al. 2014, Bradley et al. 2014), but some research report the opposite. keywords: animal; bedding; cows; dairy; et al; group; journal; mastitis; milk; peat; period; rms; samples; scc; study cache: afs-95603.pdf plain text: afs-95603.txt item: #863 of 872 id: afs-95617 author: None title: afs-95617 date: 2020-09-24 words: 6458 flesch: 64 summary: Two equivalent genomic models (Strandén and Garrick 2009) are available for calculating genomic EBV and their reliabilities: genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and marker effects models. The “afreq_file” should have two columns (marker number, allele frequency) where the allele frequency must be between zero and one. keywords: blup; file; genomic; matrix; model; number; option; snp cache: afs-95617.pdf plain text: afs-95617.txt item: #864 of 872 id: afs-95620 author: None title: afs-95620 date: 2020-12-30 words: 6742 flesch: 58 summary: The group of hemp accessions for food seed and oil had the highest amount (up to 44000 ppm) of linoleic acid in their seeds (Fig.1B). Linolenic acid content was significantly high in the seeds of accessions for food seed and oil production (up to 4250 ppm) and recreational landraces (up to 3200 ppm). keywords: accessions; acid; content; dual; feral; fibre; food; hemp; oil; phytol; polysaccharides; ppm; russia; seed cache: afs-95620.pdf plain text: afs-95620.txt item: #865 of 872 id: afs-95778 author: None title: afs-95778 date: 2020-12-30 words: 8120 flesch: 60 summary: I E N C E T. Persson et al. (2020) 29: 482–493 482 Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production under different soil conditions 1Tomas Persson, 2 Wieslaw Szulc, 2Beata Rutkowska, 1Mats Höglind, 1Hans Martin Hanslin and 1Arne Sæbø 1Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Særheim, Norway 2Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: tomas.persson@nibio.no Organic amendments can improve grassland productivity. https://doi.org/10.4141/S98-074 Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production underdifferent soil conditions Introduction Materials and methods Experimental locations, and stand establishment and management Organic amendment characteristics and application Soil water-holding capacity Cutting regimes and dry-matter determination Statistical analysis Results Species differences Amendment effects on biomass Soil nutrients and water-holding capacity Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References keywords: amendments; biochar; biomass; content; effects; et al; manure; matter; plant; sand; soil; species; særheim; yield cache: afs-95778.pdf plain text: afs-95778.txt item: #866 of 872 id: afs-96041 author: None title: afs-96041 date: 2020-12-30 words: 6569 flesch: 64 summary: Key words: fur animal, fatness, pelt size, pelt quality Introduction Finland is the largest producer of blue fox pelt in Europe and one of the largest in the world, with blue fox pelt being the main product of the Finnish fur industry (FiFur 2018). I E N C E V. Ylinen et al. (2020) 29: 442–450 442 Effects of feed energy and protein level on growth and pelt parameters in blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the late growing- furring period Vappu Ylinen1, Maarit Mohaibes2, Jussi Peura3 and Jarmo Valaja1 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, Koetilantie 5, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2Kannus Research Farm Luova Oy, Turkistie 6, 69100 Kannus, Finland 3Finnish Fur Breeders Association, Martinkyläntie 48, 01601 Vantaa, Finland e-mail: vappu.ylinen@helsinki.fi The aim of the present study was to determine whether a decrease in feed energy content would prevent extreme body weight (BW) gain and fatness in blue foxes in the late growing-furring period, without compromising pelt qual- ity or pelt size. keywords: body; energy; et al; fat; feed; foxes; pelt; protein; quality; size cache: afs-96041.pdf plain text: afs-96041.txt item: #867 of 872 id: afs-97267 author: None title: afs-97267 date: 2020-12-30 words: 11757 flesch: 54 summary: The experimental diets with YSe or VISe reduced sums of long-chain polyunsaturated FA in the PIF compared to the control and CA diets. The concentration of selenium in the control and CA diets was 0.16 mg of Se in 1 kg of diets. keywords: acid; animal; contents; control; control diet; czauderna; czauderna et; dietary; diets; et al; fatty; fed; index; lambs; mda; pif; sfa; table; tissues; tocopherols; vise; yse cache: afs-97267.pdf plain text: afs-97267.txt item: #868 of 872 id: afs-97338 author: None title: afs-97338 date: 2020-12-30 words: 7738 flesch: 60 summary: Effect of thawing and cold storage on frozen chicken thigh meat quality by high-voltage electrostatic field. Results and discussion Evaluating the protein oxidation in chicken breast meat and chicken thigh meat The main pathway for protein carbonylation in meat is known as metal ion-catalyzed oxidation of side chains of some sensitive amino acids such as lysine, threonine, arginine and proline. keywords: breast; chicken; et al; meat; month; oxidation; protein; sample; storage; thigh cache: afs-97338.pdf plain text: afs-97338.txt item: #869 of 872 id: afs-98024 author: None title: afs-98024 date: 2020-12-30 words: 7321 flesch: 60 summary: High full-sib family size was chosen because selection for MGE is then more successful and the substantial differences in selection intensities in the sexes were used to mimic the 𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕′ = ⎣ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎡ � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 + 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑� (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎0 2 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 + 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑� (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 1 2 (1 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑)𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 1 2 (1 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠)𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 0 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 � (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚0 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 � (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 1 2 (1 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑)𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 1 2 (1 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠)𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 0⎦ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎤ (3) 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏1(𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 − 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����) + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2(𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹���� − 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����) + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹���� 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎(𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝−𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����)𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 = 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 − 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎(𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����−𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����)𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 = 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 − 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = ⎣ ⎢ ⎢ ⎡ 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎0 2 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑� 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 2 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚0 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 � 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)⎦ ⎥ ⎥ ⎤ ′ (4) 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎(𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����−𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����)𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 = 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 1 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 � (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) + 1 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 − 1 � 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎0 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒2� + 1 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 1) � 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎0 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒2� 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎(𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝−𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����)𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 − 1 � 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎0 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒2� 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎(𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻����)𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 = � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 1 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 1 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 � (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) + 1 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 1) � 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎0 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒2� 𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = ⎣ ⎢ ⎢ ⎡ 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎0 2 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑� 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 2 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚0 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 � 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)⎦ ⎥ ⎥ ⎤ ′ (4) 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏1𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏4𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏5𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏6𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉������𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸������𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = ⎣ ⎢ ⎢ ⎡ 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎0 2 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑� 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 2 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚0 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 � 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)⎦ ⎥ ⎥ ⎤ ′ (4) 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����, 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹���� mean of full- and half-sib phenotypes 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗, 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 index coefficient of information source j, vector of selection index coefficients 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓, 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛, 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 mating ratio, number of full-sibs and number of sires 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 selection goal, vector of economic weights EBV (GEBV) (genomically) estimated breeding value, 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 selection index 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼2, 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 , 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 selection index variance, covariance of genetic effects a and m with index 𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙, 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷, 𝑮𝑮𝑮𝑮 vector of information sources, their (co)variance matrix and their covariance matrix with genetic effects 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒, (1) 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2⁄ 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖(𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥) 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 A G R I C keywords: blup; effects; index; mge; response; selection; ℎ𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2; 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻; 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 cache: afs-98024.pdf plain text: afs-98024.txt item: #870 of 872 id: afs-99191 author: None title: afs-99191 date: 2021-06-28 words: 5335 flesch: 50 summary: Results Animal excrement (ex animal manure) The results of comparing the N and P content of cattle manure at ex animal level in the established Russian norms concerning all cattle farms and the calculated data (mass balance method) and average experimental values (an- alysed samples) for the pilot cattle complex are presented in Table 4. Accurately determined quantitative and qualitative characteristics of ex animal manure (animal excrement), ex housing manure (the manure at the exit from the animal house) and ex storage (composted) manure will improve defining more exactly the area of agricultural land required for fertiliser application, optimising the crop rota- tion-based organic fertilisation and, in the long term, increasing the environmental sustainability of rural areas. keywords: animal; cattle; content; data; fertiliser; housing; manure; norms; russian; total cache: afs-99191.pdf plain text: afs-99191.txt item: #871 of 872 id: afs-99202 author: None title: afs-99202 date: 2021-06-28 words: 6654 flesch: 62 summary: The effect of delaying autumn incorporation of green manure crop on N mineralization and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) performance. Timing incorporation of different green manure crops to minimize the risk of nitrogen leaching. keywords: clover; crop; fertilizer; leaching; losses; manure; mineral; soil; spring; treatments; wheat; winter; yield cache: afs-99202.pdf plain text: afs-99202.txt item: #872 of 872 id: afs-99409 author: None title: afs-99409 date: 2020-12-30 words: 7343 flesch: 73 summary: In addition to total rainfall at each site, the amount of rainfall during the period of May– June is suggested to play a significant role since S content in dry matter and seed yield may negatively correlate with precipitation during the first 60 days (Pötzsch et al. 2018). In 2018, the yield was highest at SK fol- lowed by ÖG and ÖR, when averaged over S treatments (Table 7). keywords: bean; content; faba; ha-1; kieserite; ns ns; sulphur; yield cache: afs-99409.pdf plain text: afs-99409.txt