afs: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called afs.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Finland; Että; Oli; Yield; Protein; Kuin; Production; Acid; Table; Plant; Myös; Barley; Milk; Samples; Ovat; Food; Effect; Sekä; Wheat; Science; Growth; Water; Plants; Der; Silage; Nitrogen; Cows; Grain; Feed; Weight; Crop; Total; Phosphorus; Field; Model; Species; Temperature; Taulukko; Grass; Clay; Pigs; Digestibility; Spring; Quality; Kun; Seed; Peat; Den; Varieties; Control; Experiment; Soils; Test; Group; Des; Meat; Winter; Matter; Values; Fat; Dairy; Kg-1; Level; Data; Use; Clover; Intake; Year; Area; Potato; Cultivars; Feeding; Fertilization; Farms; Method; Time; Period; Fertilizer; Days; Carcass; Value; Rumen; Concentration; Storage; Breeding; Ha-1; Finnish; Treatment; Suomen; Agricultural; Farm; Effects; Products; Mineral; Als; Red; Activity; Oats; Price; Root; Animal; Bulls; Fungi; Concentrations; Development; Trials; Size; Fields; Solution; Hän; Sand; Analysis; Koko; Resistance; Sugar; Fibre; Composition; Consumption; Virus; Phosphate; Harvest; Agric; Climate; Oil; Rapeseed; Experiments; Density; System; Timothy; Variation; Age; Material; Air; Lambs; Manure; Fusarium; Leaves; Ewes; Moisture; Calcium; Animals; Sheep; Medium; Policy; Fruit; Mycorrhizal; Cattle; Exp; Lettuce; Traits; Selenium; Ppm; Ash; Season; Dna; Fish; Apple; Strains; Hours; Och; Damage; Groups; Drying; Sulphate; Support; Function; Iron; Ilman; Amf; Yli; Cost; Lactation; Formaldehyde; Cultivar; Linseed; Ear; Sweden; L-1; Biochar; Hens; Pvy; Shoot; Lines; Casein; Mink; Sphagnum; Trifoliorum; Blue; Tractor; Spraying; Transaction; Disinfectants; Finnsheep; Typhula; Line; Conidia; Cycle; Sector; Recovery; Arvense; Cylinder; Ageing; Papers; Ses; Vitrification; Meliloti

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Co-occurrence of latent Dickeya and Pectobacterium species in potato seed tuber samples from northern Finland: Co-colonization of latent Dickeya and Pectobacterium species in potato seed lots by Degefu, Yeshitila; Degefu, Yeshitila (2021) - nov. and Dickeya zeae sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolution- ary Microbiology 55: 1415–1427. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02791-0 Sarfras, S., Riaz, K., Oulghazi, S., Cigna, J., Sahi, S.T., Khan, S.H. & Faure, D. 2018. Brenner et al. 1973 and Brenneria paradisiaca to the genus Dickeya gen. nov. Keywords: blackleg; dickeya; et al; finland; pectobacterium; plant; potato; solani; species
• Dependency of domestic food sectors on imported inputs with Finland as a case study by Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Knuuttila, Marja; Vatanen, Eero; Niemi, Jyrki; Huan-Niemi, Ellen (2021) - There is national interest in Finland to discover and study country-specific complexities within the food sectors due to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on domestic food production. The rate for import dependency of domestic food production has been examined in Finland since 2008 because detailed input-output data for the period 2008–2016 (Statistics Finland 2020a) is avail- able for analysis. Keywords: dependency; energy; finland; food; goods; imports; industries; industry; inputs; output; production; products; sectors; services; supply
• Estimating cation exchange capacity and clay content from agricultural soil testing data by Räty, Mari; Keskinen, Riikka; Yli-Halla, Markku; Hyvönen, Juha; Soinne, Helena; Räty, Mari (2021) - Organic soils Peat 0.20 ± 0.14 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.17 0.24 0.42 0.59 Mull 0.14 ± 0.14 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.21 0.70 Mineral soils Heavy Clay 0.16 ± 0.07 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.20 0.40 Clay 0.13 ± 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.21 0.77 Medium 0.14 ± 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.17 1.80 Coarse 0.09 ± 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.36 Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 131–145 137 The mean contents of exchangeable K+ approached an average of 0.70 cmol(+) kg-1 in clay soils, while it averaged 0.36 cmol(+) kg-1 among other soil types. The acquired data was used to 1) calculate reference values for the CEC and its components in different soil types, 2) develop pedotransfer functions for predicting the CEC and its components from soil organic C (SOC) and clay contents, pH, and Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ extracted in standard agronomic soil testing, and 3) develop pedotransfer functions for soil clay and FINES content using the above-mentioned characteristics as explanatory variables. Keywords: cec; clay; cmol(+; content; data; finland; kg-1; mineral; soc; soils; table
• The use of chemical plant protection products in field vegetable farms in a central industrial vegetable growing area in Finland: PPP use in vegetables in Finland by Räsänen, Kati; Hannukkala, Asko; Kurppa, Sirpa; Aaltonen, Marja; Rahkonen, Anne; Kukkonen, Jussi; Vänninen, Irene; Räsänen, Kati (2022) - Forecasts for late blight are not com- monly used in Finland because the time window to treat potato crops is very narrow, due to the shortness of the growing season. The results of this study form a basis for analyzing ecotoxicological risks of PPP use in the studied crops because usage and spray fre- quencies alone do not convey the risk levels accurately. Keywords: apetit; carrot; crops; data; field; finland; ha-1; institute; number; pea; potato; ppps; resistance; slope; swede; use
• Action-oriented knowledge for sustainable management of organic soils in Finnish agriculture by Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Huttunen, Suvi; Paloviita, Ari; Puupponen, Antti; Lehtonen, Heikki; Niemi, Jyrki; Huan-Niemi, Ellen (2023) - Therefore, agriculture is a contributing force to climate change due to unsustainable changes in land use with the usage of peatlands for food production in Finland and agricultural peatlands emitting 9 million tonnes of CO2 eq. Even with the scenario that allows food production on agricultural peatlands, a huge amount of land (120 000 ha) would need to be restored and a lot of agricultural peatlands would be under the measure of wet grasslands farming (120 000 ha). Keywords: afforestation; emissions; farmers; finland; finnish; food; ghg; ghg emissions; management; measures; method; peatlands; policy; production; qualitative; soils; system
• Response of forage maize yield and quality to mulch film and harvest time in Northern Europe by Lehtilä, Anniina; Sairanen, Auvo; Jaakkola, Seija; Kokkonen, Tuomo; Kuoppala, Kaisa; Jokiniemi, Tapani; Wasonga, Daniel; Mäkelä, Pirjo; Lehtilä, Anniina (2023) - The use of mulch film has been shown to increase forage maize DM yield and starch content in Western Europe (van der Werf 1993, Easson and Fearnehough 2000, Keane et al. 2003, Farrell and Gilliland 2011). Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 22–35 32 Mulch film can be used to increase forage maize DM yield, although the use of oxo-(bio)degradable films, such as the mulch film used in this study, became banned in the European Union (EU) countries starting from 2021 (Directive (EU) 2019/904). Keywords: content; dm yield; ear; et al; finland; forage; harvest; harvest time; helsinki; maaninka; maize; mulch; mulch film; starch; time; yield
• National-scale nitrogen loading from the Finnish agricultural fields has decreased since the 1990s by Huttunen, Inese; Huttunen, Markus; Salo, Tapio; Mattila, Pasi; Maanavilja, Liisa; Silfver, Tarja; Huttunen, Inese (2023) - Mann-Kendall trend tests for simulated agricultural TN loading for different Baltic Sea sub-basins, mean annual leached N fraction and the runoff for mineral fertilizers, and the total N input to soil. Effects of differentiated applications of fertilizer N on leaching losses and distribution of inorganic N in the soil. Keywords: a-1; agricultural; atnl; catchments; data; denitrification; fertilizer; field; finland; finnish; icecream; input; leaching; loading; manure; mineral; model; scale; soil; total
• First observations of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) suggest that it is a transient species in Finland by Nissinen, Anne; Latvala, Satu; Lindqvist, Isa; Parikka, Päivi; Kumpula, Raija; Rikala, Kati; Blande, James; Nissinen, Anne (2023) - Tun- nel entries and a killing agent uncover the importance of fly retention in Drosophila suzukii traps. Identification of D. suzukii specimens was confirmed with PCR and sequencing of the COI region, and four SWD haplotypes were found. Keywords: berries; drosophila; et al; farm; field; finland; pest; samples; suzukii; swd; traps
• Gypsum amendment influences soil and plant chemical composition temporarily by Yli-Halla, Markku; Taskinen, Antti; Ekholm, Petri; Yli-Halla, Markku (2023) - There were bigger differences in soil P concentration between the years in fields that had a high soil test P level, Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 195–206 201 usually associated with a larger difference between the two replicates. Soil concentrations of Mg did not decrease upon gypsum application, suggesting no major leaching of Mg as a response to the amendment. Keywords: application; clay; coarse; concentration; fields; finland; gypsum; gypsum application; mineral; plant; soil; table
• Effects of harvest date and additives on maize silage quality under boreal conditions by Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia; Kuoppala, Kaisa; Jalava, Taina; Stefanski, Tomasz; Kokkonen, Tuomo; Rinne, Marketta (2024) - The average outdoor temperatures in Finland for October, November, December, January, February, March and April are 2.9. –2.1, –5.6, –8.3, –8.5, –4.4 and 1.4 °C (average for years 1990–2020, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland), respectively, so that it might be needed to evaluate the effects of low temperatures on maize silage fermentation. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2024) 33: 127–138 127 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.142929 Effects of harvest date and additives on maize silage quality under boreal conditions Marketta Rinne1, Marcia Franco1, Kaisa Kuoppala1, Taina Jalava1, Tomasz Stefański1 and Tuomo Kokkonen2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland 2University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Helsinki, Finland e-mail: marketta.rinne@luke.fi Keywords: acid; additives; concentration; conditions; et al; fermentation; finland; harvest; kg-1; maize; maize silage; quality; rinne; silage; stability; starch
• Time trends of field vegetable yields and yield gaps in northern latitudes using a Bayesian approach by Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi; Koivisto, Anu; Liski, Eero; Jaakkonen, Anna-Kaisa; Mattila, Tiina; Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi (2024) - The concept of yield gap is commonly used in studies dealing with food security, biodiversity, land use, and climate change (see Rattalino Edreira et al. 2021). Yield gap is defined as the difference between the potential and actual yield (van Ittersum and Rabbinge 1997, van Ittersum et al. 2013). Keywords: cabbage; carrot; data; farms; finland; gap; onion; production; regions; time; trends; white; yield; yield gap
• Trade-offs between carbon conservation and profitability in crop cultivation: unlocking potential through diversifying crop allocations regionally by Kiiski, Eveliina; Hyytiäinen, Kari; Kiiaki, Eveliina (2024) - Key words: diversifying crop production, crop rotations, linear programming, optimization, regional analysis Introduction Yield-related uncertainties of farming are expected to increase due to climate change (Rötter et al. 2012). Careful planning of crop rotations can create multiple benefits including improved soil fertility (Volsi et al. 2022), fewer yield related risks (Angus et al. 2015) and reduced fertilizer usage (Rodriguez et al. 2021). Keywords: 2020; allocation; balance; carbon; climate; crop; emissions; finland; grass; ha-1; manure; nitrogen; profit; rotations; soil; spring; yield; yr-1
• Yield variation and yield potential of organic arable crops in Finland derived from statistical data by Iivonen, Sari; Niemeläinen, Oiva; Kokkinen, Mirva; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Iivonen, Sari (2024) - The second aim was to compare organic yields with conventional ones in different regions and to analyse underlying factors that explained the variation in organic crop yields in Finland. When comparing median yields per ha, organic yields were on average 65% of conventional yields. Keywords: average; cereals; conditions; crops; farming; farms; finland; potential; production; silage; systems; variation; yield
• Factors explaining the differences in the adoption of circular economy measures among farms in Southwest Finland by Hynni, Antti; Käyhkö, Jukka; Kuhmonen, Tuomas; Hynni, Antti (2025) - 12–37 20 The type of farm production significantly affected the change in mineral fertilizer use from 2018 to 2022. Younger farmers and those on organic farms were more open to adjust- ing the amounts. Keywords: areas; economy; education; farmers; farming; farms; fertilizers; finland; income; method; production; reference category; regression; survey; use; variables
• A revision of emergent pests in major agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland by Hyvönen, Terho; Hautsalo, Juho; Hiltunen, Lea; Huusela, Erja; Jalli, Marja; Nissinen, Anne; Rastas, Marika; Ruuttunen, Pentti; Vänninen, Irene; Hyvönen, Terho (2025) - Amaranthus retroflexus has not extended its distribution area or infestation level in crop species. The major focus in the reviews was to predict the potential for the range expansion and establishment of permanent populations with respect to increased immigration pressure, changing climate and introduction of new crop species. Keywords: alien; cereals; change; climate; crops; emergent; establishment; et al; europe; field; finland; finnish; food; growing; hyvönen; observations; pathogens; pests; plant; potato; production; risk; science; species; spring; virus; weed; wheat
• Proximity of waterways to Finnish farmlands and associated characteristics of regional land use by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Laurila, Heikki; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Alakukku, Laura (2015) - Origin of irrigation water (%) in 2010 according production sector and regions (surface water from the farm or from a waterway that extends beyond the farm, groundwater from the farm, tap water from outside the farm and other source of water). In the future studies on field water management, irrigation systems should be considered together with drainage systems to assess the opportunities to gain from water collection systems and/or temporary storage (e.g. constructed wetlands). Keywords: agricultural; et al; fields; fig; finland; food; irrigation; peltonen; regions; sainio; science; use; water; waterways
• The suitability of Finnish climate for fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) epidemics on apple by Marinova-Todorova, Mariela; Ranta, Jukka; Hannunen, Salla (2015) - In this study the suitability of the Finnish climate for apple blossom blight infections by Erwinia amylovora was evalu- ated with the epidemiological model MaryblytTM. Manuscript received January 2015 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Marinova-Todorova et al. (2015) 24: 59–66 60 The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the Finnish climate for apple blossom blight infections by Erwinia amylovora with epidemiological modelling. Keywords: apple; blight; days; finland; fire; infection; locations
• Competitiveness of Dairy Farms In Northern Europe: A Cross-Country analysis by Jansik, Csaba; Irz, Xavier (2015) - Over that pe- riod, Finland had the second highest TFP growth rate, with farm productivity growing faster only in Denmark. Cross-country differences in farm labour productivity are driven primarily by differences in labour requirements per cow, while differences in milk yields account for a much smaller share of the difference. Keywords: countries; dairy; denmark; farms; finland; germany; growth; labour; milk; productivity; sweden; tfp
• A comparative ideotype, yield component and cultivation value analysis for spring wheat adaptation in Finland by Laurila, Heikki; Mäkelä, Pirjo; Kleemola, Jouko; Peltonen, Jari (2012) - HiL vs. MidE high yielding ideotype profiles Combined dataset VIII,IX Modeling results Phase IIIc: Path models (Eq. 2-7) Phase IIIb: Correlation analysis Phase IIIa: PCA Principal Components IV HiL high yielding ideotype profile Path py coefficients for HiL yield components Path pv coefficients for HiL vegetation components Correlation coefficients for Path model ra, rb,rc .. rx Signifcant Factor loadings py, pv py pv MidE high yielding ideotype profile py(HiL) Phase Iva: Tables 6-9 pv(HiL) Phase IIId: Tables 7,8 Phase IIIe: Tables 7,9 Dataset VIII Dataset IX HiL spring wheat yield component and quality factor dataset. Dataset VI provided the averaged yield levels for rye and HiL spring wheat genotypes with organic and ecological cultivation practices (1989−1993) from the MTT Satakunta Research station (Aula and Talvitie 1995). Keywords: analysis; baseline; cultivation; et al; finland; genotypes; grain; ha-1; hil; ideotype; laurila; leaf; mide; model; path; phase; results; spring; table; value; wheat; yield
• Evaluating adaptation and the production development of Finnish agriculture in climate and global change by Lehtonen, Heikki Sakari (2015) - If crop prices increase, farmers in each region increase fer- tilization as long as the value of increased crop yield is higher than the value of increased fertilizing. This, in turn, results in smaller profits per ha from increased yields than suggested by increased crop yields as such, and increasing N balances. Keywords: adaptation; cereals; change; climate; crop; crop prices; crop yields; farm; finland; increase; level; model; prices; production; scenario; use; yields
• Changes in the invasion level, and impact of alien plants in Finnish semi-natural agricultural habitats by Jauni, Miia; Helenius, Juha; Hyvönen, Terho (2012) - Miia Jauni1, Juha Helenius1 and Terho Hyvönen2 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, 2MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: miia.jauni@helsinki.fi Using dataset of 508 transects of 50 m2, we assessed changes in the invasion level of alien plant species in semi-natural agricultural habitats in three study years (2001, 2005 and 2010) in four geographical re- gions of Finland. A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E M. Jauni et al. (2012) 21: 100-117 101 Among agricultural habitats, arable land is considered highly susceptible to invasions, whereas semi- natural habitats, such as grasslands, are less frequently invaded by alien plant species (e.g. Chytrý et al. 2008, Pyšek et al. 2009). Keywords: alien; diversity; et al; finland; habitats; invasion; jauni; neophytes; plant; richness; species
• Structural development and regional concentration of agriculture in Finland in 1975–2008 by Voutilainen, Olli; Muilu, Toivo; Wuori, Olli (2012) - In addition, as the values of the slopes in Figure 5 indicate, regional concentration development in all industries together, both in terms of jobs and value added, has been faster than regional concentration development of agriculture. Regional specialisation of Finnish agriculture began already in the Middle Ages (Orrman 2003). Keywords: agriculture; concentration; development; finland; finnish; gini; jobs; number; production; regions; research; terms; value
• Spatial and temporal variation in weather events critical for boreal agriculture: I Elevated temperatures by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pirinen, Pentti; Mäkelä, Hanna M; Hyvärinen, Otto; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Ojanen, Hannu; Venäläinen, Ari (2016) - Interestingly, the particularly detrimental short periods with high temperature elevation were more common than lon- ger periods with a more reasonable increase in daily mean temperatures (Figs. 1a to 3b). This phenomenon was found throughout the prime agricultural region of Finland (Fig. 1a), but with some regional differences in like- lihoods for high temperature elevation. Keywords: et al; finland; july; peltonen; sainio; sainio et; science; temperatures
• Spatial and temporal variation in weather events critical for boreal agriculture: III Frost and winter time fluctuation by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pirinen, Pentti; Laapas, Mikko; Mäkelä, Hanna M.; Ojanen, Hannu; Venäläinen, Ari (2016) - This sub-paper is the third one of the trilogy on climatic variability in Finland, and it concentrates on presenting the variation in spring soil frost, spring snow cover and the risk of night frost for the period from early March to late September. Likelihood (%) for soil frost (≤ 0 °C at 20 cm soil depth) at nine weather stations, and late snow cover (> 1 cm) (10 km × 10 km grid) were estimated for late spring. Keywords: et al; finland; frost; night; peltonen; sainio; soil; sowing; winter
• Soil temperature regimes in Finland by YLI-HALLA, M.; MOKMA, D. (1998) - Also the build-up and decomposition of organic matter is influ- enced by soil temperature. Even though this relationship holds in most of the USA, it does not hold for exam- ple in Alaska and the Great Lakes States, where soil temperature is substantially higher than that predicted from air temperature, owing to insula- tion by snow (Smith 1986). Keywords: air; finland; mean; soil; temperature
• Pest status and incidence of the honey bee tracheal mite in Finland by KORPELA, S. (1998) - This increase may be partly explained by tracheal mite infestations found in commercial queen-rearing apiaries. The purpose of my study was to investigate the incidence of the tracheal mite in Finland and to evaluate the damage caused to wintering bees by mite infestations. Keywords: bee; bees; colonies; finland; honey; mite; n c; n d; samples; tracheal
• Salt content labelling of foods in supermarkets in Finland by NÄRHINEN, M.; NISSINEN, A.; PENTTILÄ, P.-L. (1998) - The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which lightly salted food products are included in the assortments of Finnish supermarkets and prominently placed on shelves. Salt content labelling of foods in supermarkets in Finland Maria Närhinen Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Finland. Keywords: finland; food; health; n c; n d; products; salt
• Wild rice - a potential new crop for Finland by MÄKELÄ, P.; ARCHIBOLD, W. O.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. (1998) - Wild rice in Finnish crop production date synchrony in wild rice. Wild rice (Zizania palustris L.), an aquatic grass that grows naturally in lakes and slowly flowing rivers in North America, has been used as a food for thousands of years by some aboriginal tribes. Keywords: archibold; c e; canada; canadian; crop; e n; extension; finland; journal; minnesota; n c; n d; oelke; palustris; plant; production; rice; seeds; water; wild; zizania
• The total material requirement -concept applied to agriculture: a case study from Finland by RISKU-NORJA, H. (1999) - When assessing the volumes of material flows, the use of natural resources caused by the domestic consumption abroad must also be accounted for. Material flows of the Finnish agriculture in 1970–1997 The present level and development trends in use of natural resources are described as a time se- ries extending from 1970 to 1997. Keywords: accounting; agriculture; c e; c u; consumption; development; e n; ecoefficiency; economy; energy; finland; flows; material; material flows; mfa; n c; n d; production; resources; tmr; u l; use
• Cold hardiness research on agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland by LINDÉN, L.; SEPPÄNEN, M.; VÄINÖLÄ, A. (1999) - Many have been lost due to cold winters and poor adaptation during subsequent years. The apple breeding program at MTT aimed at developing winter hardy cultivars, and five cultivars were released (Säkö 1985a). Keywords: acclimation; agricultural; breeding; c e; c u; cultivars; e n; field; finland; freezing; frost; hardiness; injury; n c; n d; plants; species; survival; tolerance; u l; winter
• Web-based reference databases and subject gateways to locate current research information in agricultural and food sciences - a Finnish perspective by AALTONEN, M.-L.; HAGELIN, R. (2000) - Web technology databases have recently launched a further service that allows full text documents to be directly accessed from refer- ence lists. Key words: agricultural research, food research, publications, databases, current research informa- tion systems, subject gateways, Internet, information resources, Finland Current research information systems There has been considerable increase in the current research information systems (publica- tion, project and expert databases) in Finland during the last few years. Keywords: database; finland; finnish; food; information; n d; research
• Influence of changes in crop cultivation areas on pollen contents of honey (Research Note) by VARIS, A.-L. (2000) - The most common pollen type was Brassicaceae pollen, which was represented by 60% of the grains counted. In 1937 Brassica oilseed crops were not grown in Finland, and Brassicaceae pollen was not found in honey. Keywords: crops; finland; honey; n d; pollen
• Soils in a young landscape on the coast of southern Finland by MOKMA, D.L.; YLI-HALLA, M.; HARTIKAINEN, H. (2000) - The occurrence of soils formally meeting the crite- ria of Mollisols has not been systematically sur- veyed in Finland but mollic epipedons seem to occur mostly in cultivated soils which have sandy plow layers (Yli-Halla et al. 2000). Particularly on the basis of the results of citric acid extractable P in the subsoil of the non-cultivated pedon 8, we can assume that citric acid also dissolves native P and may not be suitable for identifying anthropogenic P inputs in soils rich in apatitic P. Furthermore, when the fields of the research farm had been tested in 1999, the P concentrations extracted from the Ap horizons with an acid ammonium acetate solution ranged from 10.1 to 17.0 mg dm-3 of soil in samples collected around pedons 2, 4, 6, and 7 (the field around pedon 3 was not tested). Keywords: 10yr; 7.5yr; c2p; e n; fao; finland; helsinki; n c; n d; pedons; soil
• Weed flora in organically grown spring cereals in Finland by SALONEN, J.; HYVÖNEN, T.; JALLI, H. (2001) - A common observation is that organic farming preserves biodiversity since the number of weed species, weed density and the biomass production of weeds are higher than in conven- tionally cropped fields, which are typically treat- ed with herbicides. Frequencies (%) of weed species by region. Keywords: crop; e n; fields; finland; n c; n d; species; weed
• Ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) diversity in Finnish arable land by HELENIUS, J.K.; HOLOPAINEN, J.K.; HUUSELA-VEISTOLA, E. (2001) - (SD standard deviation) Sub-set of data field crop E(S) Shannon-Wiener H’ diversity index was typically around 2.5 and expected species number rarefied to 600 trapped individuals was typically around 30 species. Keywords: c e; c u; data; diversity; e n; fields; finland; helenius; n c; n d; sets; species; u l; viikki
• Weeds in spring cereal fields in Finland - a third survey by SALONEN, J.; HYVÖNEN, T.; JALLI, H. (2001) - Frequencies (%) of weed species by region. The diversity of weed species was described by species richness and evenness. Keywords: arvensis; average; biomass; cereal; e n; fields; finland; n c; n d; number; production; regions; repens; species; spp; spring; survey; table; total; weed; weed species
• Cost-benefit analysis of multifunctional agriculture in Finland by YRJÖLÄ, T.; KOLA, J. (2001) - The effects of the decline in agricultural support on multi- functional characteristics of agriculture in Finland are estimated using the cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Apparently, there is a need to find new reasoning and con- tents for agricultural support, preferably based on widely approved objectives. Keywords: agriculture; analysis; benefit; costs; e n; finland; n c; n d; price; production; support; welfare
• Plant communities of field boundaries in Finnish farmland by TARMI, S.; TUURI, H.; HELENIUS, J. (2002) - I J. filiformis L. O V. serpyllifolia L. This study provides a basis for further planning of more analytical studies of field boundary plant communities, and ani- mals dependent on the vegetation. Keywords: agricultural; boundaries; boundary; c e; c u; cluster; data; distance; diversity; e n; elymus; field; finland; l. o; mean; n c; n d; plant; regions; richness; species; vegetation
• Phosphorus in Finnish soils in the 1900s with particular reference to the acid ammonium acetate soil test by SAARELA, I. (2002) - Subsequent targets were the chemical fractions of soil P and the sorption of phosphate in relation to the contents of extractable Al and Fe in soils (Salonen 1941) and the amount and characteris- tics of the organic forms of soil P (Kaila 1948). Total P, mg kg–1 Chemical fractions of soil P, mg kg–1 (mean) Mean Range Organic “Al-P” “Fe-P” “Ca-P” P-satur. Keywords: acetate; acid; ammonium; e n; fertilisation; finland; finnish; kaila; method; mineral; n c; n d; peat; phosphorus; saarela; soils; total; values
• afs-5730 by None (None) - Key words: cultivated soil, heavy metals, macronutrients, trace elements, soil monitoring, soil testing © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received April 2002 Introduction The quality of cultivated soils is of a great agri- cultural, nutritional and environmental impor- tance to society. In 1998, soil Cd was at the same level as it had been in 1987 (Table 1). Keywords: fertilisers; finland; finnish; ha–1; monitoring; n d; sippola; soil
• The soil quality concept and its importance in the study of Finnish arable soils by PALOJÄRVI, A.; NUUTINEN, V. (2002) - In contrast, follow-up of the physical and biological soil components, which are increasingly seen as important features of soil quality, is rudi- mentary. It is clear that more basic re- search is needed to provide scientists and advisors with a solid basis for transmitting reliable infor- mation on soil quality. Keywords: assessment; concept; doran; e n; earthworms; finland; indicators; management; monitoring; n c; n d; nuutinen; properties; quality; quality indicators; soil; soil quality; use
• Phosphorus status of diverse soils in Finland as influenced by long-term P fertilisation I.Native and previously applied P at 24 experimental sites by SAARELA, I.; JÄRVI, A.; HAKKOLA, H. (2003) - Results and discussion Total and acid-extractable P Total concentrations of soil P at the start of the experiment (Table 3) agreed well with the earli- er results for Finnish soils (Kaila 1963), as the somewhat higher minimum and mean values re- flect the continuous accumulation of fertiliser P over the intervening years. Over the years, the availability of soil P has gradually improved as a result of balance sur- pluses, and note needs to be taken of this so that heavy P applications are not continued for an unnecessarily long time. Keywords: e n; finland; finnish; mineral; n c; n d; phosphorus; saarela; soils; stp; values
• Variation in biomass related variables of reed canary grass by SAHRAMAA, M.; IHAMÄKI, H.; JAUHIAINEN, L. (2003) - Three factors established accounted for 45% of the variance and they were defined as “high biomass yield”, “leaf-shoot relationship” and “fast devel- opment”. +0.49 Panicle number (m-2) +0.50 Shoot number (per stem) –0.58 +0.45 Node number (per stem) +0.43 Plant height (cm) +0.41 Leaf area index (per surface) –0.48 –0.48 Seed ripening (days of degree) –0.69 Overwintering (%) +0.54 Straw fraction (%) +0.59 Leaf and leaf sheath fraction (%) –0.76 Shoot fraction (%) –0.74 +0.44 Node fraction (%) +0.54 termed “high biomass yield”, “leaf-shoot rela- tionship” and “fast development” and they ac- counted 45% of the variance. Keywords: biomass; breeding; canary; e n; finland; fraction; grass; lai; leaf; n c; n d; number; plant; yield
• Red clover grown in a mixture with grasses : yield, persistence and dynamics of quality characteristics by MELA, T. (2003) - Dry matter yields (kg ha-1) of red clover grass mixture as influenced by number of cuts and N-fertilization in Jokioinen in 1990–1992. N, No. of cuts kg ha-1 1990 1991 1992 2 3 4–5 mean 2 3 4–5 mean mean 0 10370 9640 8270 9430a 4160 3440 3240 3610a 1990a 30 9940 9340 8070 9120a 4890 3670 3320 3960a 2150a 60 11200 9500 7980 9560a 6650 3840 3580 4690b 2560b 90 10400 9640 8150 9400a 6570 3950 3710 4740b 2740b mean 10480a 9530ab 8120b 5570a 3730b 3460b (1992) 2960a 2180b 1940b Statistical significancies: The different letters indicate significant difference at P ≤ 0.05 1990 A***, B*, C***, AxB***, AxC***, BxC NS, AxBxC* 1991 Dry matter yields (kg ha-1) of red clover grass mixture as influenced by number of cuts and N-fertilization in Jokioinen in 1992–1995. N, No. of cuts kg ha-1 1992 1993 1994 1995 mean 2 3 4 mean 2 3 4 mean 2 3 4 mean 0 4110a 6730 4900 3430 5020a 3790 3040 2390 3070a 3900 2630 2070 2870a 30 4460ab 7290 5220 3790 5430ab 5830 4630 3080 4510b 4110 3150 2550 3270b 60 4980bc 8440 5600 4000 6010bc 6910 5020 3530 5150c 4370 3620 2380 3460b 90 5430c 8710 6130 4410 6420c 7410 5780 4080 5760d 5060 3840 2830 3910c mean 7790a 5460b 3910b 5990a 4620b 3270c 4360a 3310b 2460c Statistical significancies: The different letters indicate significant difference at P ≤ 0.05 1992 B***, C***, BxC NS 1993 A***, B***, C***, AxB***, AxC NS, BxC NS, AxBxC NS 1994 A***, B***, C***, AxB***, AxC**, BxC**, AxBxC*** 1995 A***, B***, C NS, AxB***, AxC***, BxC NS, AxBxC NS A = number of cuts, B = N-fertilization, C = row distance strated by generation of statistically significant A*B interaction effects. Keywords: c e; c u; clover; content; cut; e n; fertilization; finland; grass; jokioinen; n c; n d; red; red clover; regrowth; sward
• Relationships between climate and winter cereal grain quality in Finland and their potential for forecasting by HOLLINS, P. D.; KETTLEWELL, P.S.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. (2004) - In contrast, less work has been carried out examining the relationships between cereal grain quality and the weather. Scatter plots between annual national trial mean cereal growth time (number of days from sowing to harvest) and annual national survey mean cereal hectolitre weights (kg hl–1) for a) rye and b) winter wheat cereal growth regions. Keywords: cereal; data; finland; grain; growth; hectolitre; mean; n c; national; quality; rye; weight; wheat; winter
• On diversity effects of alternative agricultural policy reforms in Finland: an agricultural sector modelling approach by MIETTINEN, A.; LEHTONEN, H.; HIETALA-KOIVU, R. (2004) - Diversity of agricultural land use is measured by Shan- non’s diversity index. This will decrease the diversity of agricultural land use at landscape level, but may not be harmful at species level since green fallow has some positive effects, especially on the densities and abundance of farmland birds. Keywords: 2004; agenda; agriculture; area; c u; cap; diversity; effects; finland; level; model; n c; policy; production; reform; scenario; sector; support; use; � �
• Phosphorus status of diverse soils in Finland as influenced by long-term P fertilisation 2.Changes of soil test values in relation to P balance with references to incorporation depth of residual and freshly applied P by SAARELA, I.; JÄRVI, A.; HAKKOLA, H. (2004) - The total pool of soil P was also influenced by leaching and erosion. The higher percentages of applied P previously recovered by Barkoff (1959) in the chemical fractionation of soil P may be explained at least in part by the infrequent tillage operations, as typical for the old ley-dom- inated crop rotation. Keywords: c e; c u; et al; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; initial; n c; pac; phosphorus; saarela; soil; status; values
• Oospores of Phytphthora infestans in soil provide an important new source of primary inoculum in Finland by LEHTINEN, A.; HANNUKKALA, A. (2004) - © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2003 Oospores of P hytophthora infestans in soil provide an important new source of primary inoculum in Finland Ari Lehtinen and Asko Hannukkala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Plant Protection, FI- 31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: ari.lehtinen@mtt.fi and asko.hannukkala@mtt.fi There have been numerous indications since the 1990s that oospore-derived primary infections play an in- creasing role in the epidemiology of potato late blight. Key words: potatoes, Solanum tuberosum, potato late blight, Phytophthora infestans, epidemiology, oospores, mating type, sexual reproduction, soil borne inoculum Introduction Potato late blight, which is caused by the oomyc- ete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is a worldwide devastating disease of potatoes. Keywords: blight; epidemics; finland; foci; infestans; mating; oospores; phytophthora; potato; soil; type
• Selenium content of Finnish oats in 1997-1999: effect of cultivars and cultivation techniques by EUROLA, M.; HIETANIEMI, V.; KONTTURI, M. (2004) - Organic cultivation resulted in signifi- cantly (P = 0.006, confidence interval –4.1 to –1.0) lower Se contents than conventional culti- vation. The effect of culti- var on Se contents in organic cultivation variety trials could not be analysed, since over 80% of the Se concentrations were below the detection 0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 Veli 1998 Keywords: contents; cultivars; cultivation; finland; kg-1; oats; selenium; soils; trials
• Characterising strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in producing naked oat as a novel crop for northern growing conditions by PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; KIRKKARI, A-M.; JAUHIAINEN, L. (2004) - However, sensitivity of naked oat grains to mechanical damage induced by high grain mois- 215 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C The only exception with respect to the cor- responding quality in dehulled oat versus naked oat groat quality is that naked oat grain is likely to have less β-glucan (Givens et al. 2000). Keywords: conditions; crop; damage; energy; et al; feed; finland; food; grain; oat; oats; peltonen; production; quality; sainio; sainio et; science; swot
• Contents of trichothecenes in oats during official variety, organic cultivation and nitrogen fertilization trials in Finland by HIETANIEMI, V.; KONTTURI, M.; RÄMÖ, S. (2004) - Figure 2 shows DON contents of six oat Table 1. The results also showed that no distinct differences were found in DON contents of var- ious varieties. Keywords: concentrations; contents; don; et al; finland; food; fusarium; kg-1; mycotoxins; oats; samples; trials; trichothecenes; variety
• pH of streams in western Finland - a perspective from the Middle Ages into the mid 21st century by ÅSTRÖM, M.; SUNDSTRÖM, R.; HOLMBERG, M. (2005) - The results show that among several potentially acidifying activities, reclamation of mires for farmland (19th and 20th centuries) and subsurface drainage of acid sulphate soils (post-war times) are the major causes of the pH decline. Export of acidity in drainage water from acid sulphate soils. Keywords: acid; area; drainage; finland; forest; soils; streams; sulphate; water
• Concentration levels and spatial distribution of sulphur and metals in fine-grained sediments in western Finland by ÅSTRÖM, M.; RÖNNBACK, K. (2005) - The focus on these particular metals is due to the fact that they are both agriculturally and environmentally important, and that among them the mobility upon sediment oxidation (i.e. AS soil development) is highly variable: cobalt (Co), cop- per (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) are mobile and abundantly leached while chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and vana- dium (V) are not (Lahermo et al. 1996, Åström and Åström 1997, Åström and Spiro 2000). It is however not directly related to the till geochemis- try, since metal concentrations in nearby samples of fine-grained sediments and till were low (rS = 0.19–0.47, Table 2). Keywords: concentrations; finland; metals; samples; sediments; soils; åström
• Hydrochemistry of rivers in an acid sulphate soil hotspot area in western Finland by ROOS, M.; ÅSTRÖM, M. (2005) - Acid sulphate soils are ex- pected to occupy large areas under the agricultural land (up to 50% according to Palko 1994), but their precise location and distribution is unknown. Mobility of Al, P and alkali and alkaline earth metals in acid sulphate soils in Finland. Keywords: acid; concentrations; finland; group; l-1; land; river; soils; åström
• Sources of acidity and metals in a stream draining acid sulphate soil, till and peat, western Finland, revealed by a hydrochemical and sulphur isotope study by ÅSTRÖM, M.; SPIRO, B. (2005) - © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2004 Sources of acidity and metals in a stream draining acid sulphate soil, till and peat, western Finland, revealed by a hydrochemical and sulphur isotope study Mats Åström Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar University, SE–39182 Kalmar, Sweden, e-mail: mats.astrom@hik.se Baruch Spiro Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom Key words: acid sulphate soil, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, sulphur, ditching, sulphur isotopes, land use, catchment area 35 A G R Keywords: acid; concentrations; fig; finland; so4; soil; stream; sulphate; water; åström
• Assessment of aquatic pollution, remedial measures and juridical obligations of an acid sulphate soil area in western Finland by ÖSTERHOLM, P.; ÅSTRÖM, M.; SUNDSTRÖM, R. (2005) - The use of the traditional open ditches instead of subsurface drainage on AS soil areas would have a significant positive effect on the water qual- ity (Palko and Yli-Halla 1993), but due to several agricultural drawbacks and the fact that most of the Rintala area is already drained by subsurface pipes, it can not be considered as a potential meth- od for Rintala. Furthermore, as this study shows, the Rintala streams are in most parts diluted by non-AS soil drain waters which further increases the amounts of waters that would have to be han- dled. Keywords: acid; area; concentrations; drainage; finland; quality; rintala; soil; stream; sulphate; water; åström
• A comparison of nitrogen and carbon reserves in acid sulphate and non acid sulphate soils in western Finland by PAASONEN-KIVEKÄS, M.; YLI-HALLA, M. (2005) - However, in acid soils (pH < 4), production of NO3 --N has been reported to occur probably due to heterotrophic ni- trifiers (Paul and Clark 1989). Results Soil profiles The three studied profiles in Area A had sulfidic materials in the subsoil, which started at the depth of 140 cm to 200 cm and had its average upper boundary at 170 cm, see Table 1. Keywords: acid; area; depth; field; finland; ha-1; halla; nmin; soil; sulphate; yli
• Successive alkalinity producing system for the treatment of acid sulphate soil runoff: preliminary results of a field trial by KUSTULA, V.; WITICK, A.; MERILÄINEN, J. (2005) - Sizing of treatment cells Cell 1 (limestone cell) Therefore, to increase the alkalinity production of SAPS cells, the system will be modified to increase the contact time of water with limestone. Keywords: acid; alkalinity; cells; concentrations; date; finland; l-1; limestone; saps; sulphate; system; treatment; water
• Weed flora and weed management of field peas in Finland by SALONEN, J.; HYVÖNEN, T.; JALLI, H. (2005) - Discussion The total number of weed species (76) recorded in pea fields illustrates the species richness of arable fields. 22835_07_Salonen.indd 189 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 14 (2005): 189–201. © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received December 2004 Weed flora and weed management of field peas in Finland Jukka Salonen, Terho Hyvönen and Heikki Jalli Keywords: analysis; control; crop; cropping; fields; finland; flora; pea; salonen; species; table; variables; variation; weed
• The static welfare effects of the accession to the European Union on the Finnish agricultural markets by NIEMI, J. (2005) - Static calculations are used to illus- trate how adopting EU price levels have affected producer and consumer surpluses. Comparison of market prices and per-unit subsidies received by producers before the EU accession in 1994 and after the entry in 2003 (EUR/kg). 1994 2003 Market Direct Per-unit Market Direct Per-unit Commodity price payment gross return price payment gross return Wheat 0.36 0.03 0.39 0.12 0.23 0.35 Barley 0.26 0.05 0.31 0.11 0.19 0.30 Oats 0.25 0.05 0.30 0.09 0.19 0.28 Beef 3.78 2.00 5.78 1.86 1.68 3.54 Pork 2.65 0.10 2.75 1.15 0.88 2.03 Poultry 2.00 0.09 2.09 1.17 0.77 1.94 Eggs 1.88 0.14 2.02 0.80 0.98 1.78 Milk 0.35 0.22 0.57 0.34 0.19 0.53 Source: MTT Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland. Keywords: accession; analysis; consumption; demand; effects; entry; eur; finland; policy; price; producers; production; welfare
• Scenarios for future agriculture in Finland: a Delphi study among agri-food sector stakeholders by RIKKONEN, P. (2005) - These opinions can be convert- ed as alternative future scenarios that are present- ing future views in desirability, probability and importance points of view. In this article, the main purpose is to present alternative future scenarios for Finnish agriculture. Keywords: agriculture; c u; delphi; expert; finland; food; future; images; importance; n c; panel; policy; process; production; round; scenarios; study
• Effects of sowing time on pink snow mould, leaf rust and winter damage in winter rye varieties in Finland by SERENIUS, M.; HUUSELA-VEISTOLA, E.; AVIKAINEN, H. (2005) - © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2004 Effects of sowing time on pink snow mould, leaf rust and winter damage in winter rye varieties in Finland Marjo Serenius, Erja Huusela-Veistola, Hanna Avikainen, Katri Pahkala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: erja.huusela-veistola@mtt.fi Antti Laine MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Southwest Finland Research Station, FI-23120 Mietoinen, Finland Disease infection in relation to sowing time of winter rye (Secale cereale) was studied in southern Finland in order to compare overwintering capacity of modern rye varieties and to give recommendations for rye cultivation. Key words: snow mould, Microdochium nivale, Puccinia recondita, overwintering, winter rye, Secale cere- ale, frit fly, winter hardening Introduction Cultivated rye in Finland has changed from native landraces, which were common before the 1930s, to population varieties after the 1960s (Paatela 1953, Pessi 1965). Keywords: autumn; damage; finland; infection; leaf; location; mietoinen; mould; rust; rye; snow; sowing; sowing time; time; varieties; variety; winter
• Sowing time affects the abundance of pests and weeds in winter rye by HUUSELA-VEISTOLA, E.; JALLI, H.; SALONEN, J. (2006) - Discussion Insect pests The risk of frit fly problems was clearly highest in early sown winter rye although in small trial plots damage can be overestimated. In particular years, when early sown winter rye has been heavily damaged by frit fly, yields were only 49–70% of those from rye sown at the normal time (Linnomäki 1958). Keywords: autumn; c u; finland; fly; frit; jokioinen; location; mietoinen; n c; oct; pälkäne; rye; sowing; sowing time; sown; spring; time; variety; weed; winter
• Formation of a cultivated spodosol in east-central Finland by YLI-HALLA, M.; MOKMA, D. L.; WILDING, L. P. (2006) - (a) organic particles and uncoated sand grains in Ap horizon, (b) uncoated sand grains in E horizon, (c) sand grains cemented by complexes in Bhsm horizon, (d) cracked coatings bridging sand grains in Bhsm horizon, (e) thin coatings on sand grains in Bs horizon, and (f) relatively unweathered and uncoated sand grains and plenty of biotite (brown) in BCg horizon. The smectite found in E horizons of other Spodosols in Finland was identi��ed as dioctahedral (Righi et al. Keywords: + +; bhsm; et al; finland; horizon; mokma; pedon; sand; soil
• Weed occurrence in Finnish coastal regions: a survey of organically cropped spring cereals by RIESINGER, P.; HYVÖNEN, T. (2006) - In the first national weed survey carried out in Finland, Mukula et al. (1969) attributed geographi- cal differences of frequency of occurrence and abundance of weed species to differences in climate and soil properties. Another measure that has a selective impact on weed species is seed cleaning (Svensson and Wigren 1986). Keywords: arvensis; crop; density; et al; finland; mukula; n c; northwest; number; regions; salonen; south; species; spp; spring; weed; weed species; weight
• Effects of repeated phosphorus fertilisation on field crops in Finland 1.Yield responses on clay and loam soils relation to soil test P values by SAARELA, I.; SALO, Y.; VUORINEN, M. (2006) - extract- ed little P from most Finnish mineral soils indicat- ing a low content of dissolved phosphate in soil solution, or a low intensity of soil P, in agreement with Pw. The P values determined by the Finnish acid (pH 4.65) ammonium acetate method (PAc) used since the 1950s, have predicted the availability of soil P fairly well in moderately and weakly acid soils (Keränen et al. 1963, Saarela 2002). Keywords: bar; clay; crops; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; loam; pac; saarela; soil; table; values; years; yield
• Assessing the recreational demand for agricultural land in Finland by POUTA, E.; OVASKAINEN, V. (2006) - Assessing the recreational demand for  agricultural land in Finland Eija Pouta MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: eija.pouta@mtt.fi Ville Ovaskainen Finnish Forest Research Institute, �nioninkatu 40 A, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland, �nioninkatu 40 A, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland It is widely assumed that the scenic attractiveness and other public good aspects of agricultural land can be utilized as a source of livelihood in rural areas in the form of recreation and tourism. We first analyse the choice of recreation site type based on a model that aggregates sites using the presence of agricultural land as an aggregation variable. Keywords: agriculture; areas; benefits; data; day; demand; destination; environment; finland; land; model; recreation; site; tourism; trips; use; value
• Effects of repeated phosphorus fertilisation on field crops in Finland 2.Sufficient phosphorus application rates on silty and sandy soils by SAARELA, I.; HUHTA, H.; VIRKAJÄRVI, P. (2006) - After the rapid build-up of soil P re- serves and the introduction of the placement ferti- lisation technique in the 1960s and early 1970s, earlier field experiments were no longer consid- ered adequate for estimating P fertilisation needs. The CaCl2 meth- od introduced by Houba et al. (1990) extracted lit- tle P from most Finnish mineral soils, indicating a low content of dissolved P in soil solution, or a low intensity of soil P, in agreement with Pw. Keywords: bar bar; clay; crops; dm-3; et al; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; loam; pac; phosphorus; saarela; silty; soils; test; values; yield
• Influence of EU policy on agricultural nutrient losses and the state of receiving surface waters in Finland by EKHOLM, P.; GRANLUND, K.; KAUPPILA, P. (2007) - Agricultural lakes in Finland – Current water quality and trends. This is in accordance with the results of other pa- leolimnological studies on long-term water quality trends in Finnish agricultural lakes (Kauppi et al. 1990, Räsänen et al. 2006). Keywords: agriculture; catchments; data; environmental; et al; finland; lakes; losses; nutrient; period; rivers; runoff; surface; total; trends; water
• National and regional net nitrogen balances in Finland in 1990 2005 by SALO, T.; LEMOLA, R.; ESALA, M. (2007) - In addition to national N balances, calculation of N balances for different agricultural regions is also recommended. The information represented by N balances is needed to analyse the interactions between agriculture and the environment and to evaluate the impact of changes in agricultural policy on the environment. Keywords: agriculture; balance; centres; environment; finland; finnish; ha–1; manure; n.a; national; net; nitrogen; production
• Economic and environmental performance of alternative policy measures to reduce nutrient surpluses in Finnish agriculture by LEHTONEN, H.; LANKOSKI, J.; KOIKKALAINEN, K. (2007) - Environmental performance of agri-environmental policy measures may be significantly reduced, if they are implemented jointly with production coupled income support policies. Keeping national supports production linked but paying agri-environmental support only if nutrient surpluses are clearly reduced (BAL), is a policy alternative that would be the most effective in decreasing overall N surplus, but relatively less effective in reducing P surplus than full decou- pling of national supports. Keywords: agri; agriculture; base; cap; decoupling; farm; finland; income; level; measures; milk; model; nutrient; payments; policy; prices; production; scenario; support; surpluses; tax
• Localisation of primary food production in Finland: production potential and environmental impacts of food consumption patterns by RISKU-NORJA, H.; HIETALA, R.; VIRTANEN, H. (2008) - Organic farming for local food production resulted in higher greenhouse gas emissions. Key-words: food production, food consumption, conventional and organic local production, dietary changes, production potential, environmental impacts A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C Keywords: agriculture; animal; area; c e; c u; consumption; diet; e n; emissions; et al; finland; food; food consumption; food production; g r; impacts; l t; n c; n d; option; production; u l
• Animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing Hereford bulls under insulated, uninsulated and outdoor housing conditions in Northern Finland by Huuskonen, Arto; Tuomisto, Leena; Joki-Tokola, Erkki; Kauppinen, Risto (2009) - There is only little knowledge of the effect of different housing environments on the performance of growing bulls under climatic conditions like in Northern Finland. Performance of growing bulls under different housing conditions 18 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 16–26. 19 which was attached to a horizontal bar 40–55 cm above the floor. Keywords: animal; bulls; c e; c u; carcass; e n; finland; housing; n c; n d; u l
• Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hakala, Kaija; Ojanen, Hannu (2009) - Further- more, anticipated increases in autumn precipitation (Jylhä et al. 2004, IPCC 2007b) and changes in overwintering conditions (Jylhä et al. 2008) may hamper sowing winter crops at present sowing win- dow and affect winter survival until cold winters are replaced by mild winters currently typical of north-western and southern Europe. Even though we have concentrated on the issue of how critical overwintering conditions are regard- ing future expansion of crops to novel regions in Finland, it is important to stress that estimated in- creases in autumn precipitation could interfere with sowing of winter crops, which has to be taken into consideration in adaptation strategies. Keywords: c e; c u; change; climate; crop; e n; et al; finland; finnish; g r; growing; l t; n c; n d; peltonen; potential; production; rape; sainio; sainio et; season; spring; u l; winter; yield
• An integrated simulation model to evaluate national measures for the abatement of agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea by Hyytiäinen, Kari; Ahtiainen, Heini; Heikkilä, Jaakko; Helin, Janne; Huhtala, Anni; Iho, Antti; Koikkalainen, Kauko; Miettinen, Antti; Pouta, Eija; Vesterinen, Janne (2009) - The model consists of four main components: 1) nutri- ent stock dynamics in the selected sea basins, 2) nutrient loads from land and other sources, 3) the costs of agricultural nutrient abatement and 4) the benefits of nutrient abatement to Finnish citizens. The stochastic simulation model integrates nutrient dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea basins adjoining the Finnish coast, nutrient loads from land and other sources, benefits from nutrient abatement (in the form of recreation and other ecosystem services) and the costs of agricultural abatement activities. Keywords: abatement; analysis; baltic; baltic sea; c e; c u; cost; e n; finland; finnish; g r; l t; loads; model; n c; n d; nutrient; nutrient abatement; sea; u l; water
• Are there indications of climate change induced increases in variability of major field crops in the northernmost European conditions? by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hakala, Kaija (2009) - Decade Yield (t ha-1) Starch content (%) 1970s 32.7 (4.6–9.0) 15.1 (0.8–1.9) 1980s 34.1 (5.1–10.2) 14.9 (1.1–2.0) 1990s 37.2 (5.6–10.5) 15.9 (0.7–1.7) 2000s 42.9 (5.7–9.5) 16.2 (1.3–1.8) Yield variability was exceptionally high in the 1980s and 1990s, but previously and subse- quently national yields were clearly more stable. Keywords: c e; c u; crops; e n; finland; l t; n c; n d; spring; u l; variability; yield
• Preface by Vanhatalo, Aila (2009) - However, it has also led to the prevailing situation that agricultural production is heavily dependent on the use of fossil fuels. The Society was established in circumstances, where Finland was not an independent country, and it was not self-sufficient in food production. Keywords: finland; food; production; society
• Legumes in Finnish agriculture: history, present status and future prospects by Stoddard, Frederick L.; Hovinen, Simo; Kontturi, Markku; Lindström, Kristina; Nykänen, Arja (2009) - Lauri Kristian Relander, who later became the country’s second president, demonstrated that pea yields were greater, with earlier ripening and higher har- vest index, from sowing in early May than from sowing two weeks later, and that slightly higher sowing rates (220 kg ha-1 instead of 180 kg ha-1) were preferable (Relander 1916). Jacob Tengström, Bishop of Turku, wrote in 1803 that growing peas in northern parts of country was seldom successful due to the short summer and early night frosts that damage the crop prematurely (Grotenfelt 1922). Keywords: bean; breeding; c e; c u; clover; crop; cultivation; e n; faba; finland; finnish; legumes; n c; n d; pea; peas; red; u l; yield
• Evidence for the formation of Luvisols/Alfisols as a response to coupled pedogenic and anthropogenic influences in a clay soil in Finland by Yli-Halla, Markku; Mokma, Delbert L.; Alakukku, Laura; Drees, Richard; Wilding, Larry P. (2009) - According to Aura (1995), this method is suitable for monitoring the groundwater level of Finnish clay soils since a slight lowering of the water pressure head from zero clearly reduces the water content of clay soil above the groundwater surface and groundwater level can be determined accurately. Direct evidence of illuvial clay has not been documented in the descriptions of clay soils formed after the Weichselian glaciation in Finland or Swe- den. Keywords: c e; c u; clay; e n; finland; g r; horizon; l t; n c; n d; soil; u l
• Modelled impacts of mitigation measures on greenhouse gas emissions from Finnish agriculture up to 2020 by Regina, Kristiina; Lehtonen, Heikki; Nousiainen, Jouni; Esala, Martti (2009) - One benefit of biogas as a mitigation practice is that the reductions are seen in the emissions reported as agricultural emissions whereas the production of field biomasses may even increase the agricultural emissions due to the increased need of cropland area and fertiliser use. No other changes in soil emissions were expected on the basis of the selected modelling assumptions since the amount of manure was not assumed to change and the amount of crop residues changed very little. Keywords: agriculture; area; c e; c u; e n; emissions; finland; g r; greenhouse; l t; mitigation; model; n c; n d; production; scenario; soils; u l
• Pests and diseases in a changing climate a major challenge for Finnish crop production by Hakala, Kaija; Hannukkala, Asko O.; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Jalli, Marja; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo (2011) - Examples of possible increased pest risks Climate change will have a number of effects on developmental rate and phenology of crop plants that will alter the proliferation of associated pest spe- cies. Increased cropping of winter oilseed crops could change the status and phenology of pests of cruciferous crops. Keywords: autumn; c e; c u; change; climate; crops; e n; et al; finland; increase; n c; n d; pests; plant; season; winter
• Examples of alien pathogens in Finnish potato production - their introduction, establishment and consequences by Hannukkala, Asko O. (2011) - Global warming can change the relative importance of potato diseases already present in Finland. The causal agent of potato wart disease was first described as Chrysophlyctis endobiotica by Schilberdksky (1896) and Percival (1910) changed the name to Synchytrium endobioticum. Keywords: blackleg; c e; c u; dickeya; disease; e n; fields; finland; finnish; g r; hannukkala; l t; n c; n d; new; plant; pmtv; potato; production; rot; seed; tubers; u l; wart
• Introduced pathogens found on ornamentals, strawberry and trees in Finland over the past 20 years by Lilja, Arja; Rytkönen, Anna; Hantula, Jarkko; Müller, Michael; Parikka, Päivi; Kurkela, Timo (2011) - Although individual vari- ation in morphology is evident, microscopic ex- aminations could not identify intraspecific genetic groups or establish host specificity among isolates from apple, birch, rhododendron and strawberry (Stamps et al. 1990, Hantula et al. 2000). The morpho- logical similarity of the pathogen to M. hiratsukanum was noted and recent work confirmed the species identification (Põldmaa 1997, Kurkela et al. 1999, Hantula et al. 2009). Keywords: c e; c u; disease; et al; finland; forest; lilja; n c; pathogen; phytophthora; plant; ramorum; species; strawberry; trees
• Emerging virus and viroid pathogen species identified for the first time in horticultural plants in Finland in 1997-2010 by Lemmetty, Anne; Laamanen, Jaana; Soukainen, Mirkka; Tegel, Jukka (2011) - Numerous nucleic acid sequences of plant viruses have been published and sequence comparisons have opened up new possibilities for documenting virus taxonomy and diversity. The use of cryo- preservation protocols ensures the preservation of the plant material in safe for plant viruses in con- trast to field-maintenance (Nukari et al. 2009). Keywords: c e; c u; e n; et al; finland; mosaic; n c; new; plant; tomato; u l; viroid; virus; viruses
• Recorded and potential alien invertebrate pests in Finnish agriculture and horticulture by Vänninen, Irene; Worner, Susan; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Tuovinen, Tuomo; Nissinen, Anne; Saikkonen, Kari (2011) - One recent approach proposed to address this is to map the most likely indigenous donor regions of alien species to pro- duce lists of species with a high likelihood of es- tablishment (Gevrey et al. 2006). This is particularly important with respect to climate change, which can increase the risk of establishment of alien species, either because cli- matic conditions become more favourable for the species in question, or because a pest’s host plants are taken increasingly into cultivation. Keywords: alien; c e; c u; d ae; e n; establishment; finland; finnish; g r; l t; n c; n d; pests; plant; potential; risk; som; species; u l
• Alien species in the Finnish weed flora by Hyvönen, Terho; Jalli, Heikki (2011) - The present study aimed at examining the inva- sion of alien agricultural weed species in Finland by reviewing the occurrence and distribution of European weed species in Finland. 86 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 20(2011): 86–95. 87 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received August 2010 Alien species in the Finnish weed flora Terho Hyvönen* and Heikki Jalli MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland *e-mail: terho.hyvonen@mtt.fi The present study aimed at assessing the invasion of alien weed species in Finland based on a review of their occurrence in the Finnish weed flora. Keywords: alien; c u; finland; invasion; n c; species; weed; weed species
• The emergence of cereal fungal diseases and the incidence of leaf spot diseases in Finland by Jalli, Marja; Laitinen, Pauliina; Latvala, Satu (2011) - Key-words: Plant disease, leaf spot disease, emergence, cereal, barley, wheat, oat Introduction Plant diseases are an outcome of the long-term in- teraction between plants and pathogens. Plant diseases cause significant yield losses in cereal crops and reduce grain quality, threatening food safety (Gregory et al. 2009). Keywords: c e; c u; e n; ea d; em d; finland; n c; n d
• Composition of weed flora in spring cereals in Finland - a fourth survey by Salonen, Jukka; Hyvönen, Terho; Jalli, Heikki (2011) - The diversity of weed species was described by species richness. Frequencies (%) of weed species by regions Year / Region Species / Taxon 2007 2008 2009 Average 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2007–09 Achillea millefolium L 0 8 0 0 9 20 9 0 2 2 2 8 17 4 8 0 5 Alopecurus geniculatus L. 5 0 0 0 3 5 6 12 2 0 8 7 4 4 8 10 4 Artemisia vulgaris L. 0 10 0 3 0 20 0 0 0 21 0 14 17 4 8 0 6 Brassica rapa L. ssp. Keywords: cereals; fields; finland; n c; number; species; spring; weed
• Protein crop production at the northern margin of farming: to boost or not to boost by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Niemi, Jarkko K. (2012) - It is justified to re-enquire whether the extent and inten- sity of protein crop production are optimized, resources are used efficiently and sustainably, cropping systems are built to be resilient and whether ecological services that protein crops provide are utilized appropriately. There is an evident potential to expand protein crop production sustainably to a couple of times its current area. Keywords: bean; c e; change; climate; conditions; crop; crop production; cultivation; e n; et al; european; faba; finland; food; n d; niemi; pea; peltonen; production; protein; protein crops; rapeseed; sainio; sainio et; use; yield
• Effects of reducing EU agricultural support payments on production and farm income in Finland by Lehtonen, Heikki Sakari; Niemi, Jyrki Sakari (2018) - Boulanger and Philippidis (2015) found very small effects on agricultural production resulting from large EU farm budget cuts (–50%) in the EU 28, as well as in several member states. The support should not provide primary incentives for agricultural production and necessary farm investments. Keywords: beef; cap; farm; finland; lehtonen; milk; model; payments; policy; prices; production; support
• Gypsum amendment of soils reduces phosphorus losses in an agricultural catchment by Ekholm, Petri; Valkama, Pasi; Jaakkola, Elina; Kiirikki, Mikko; Lahti, Kirsti; Pietola, Liisa (2012) - By contrast, soil test P remained at the pre-gypsum level (mean 41 mg l−1). In clayey catchments discharging into the sea, gypsum may provide an efficient means to reduce P losses from field cultivation. Keywords: amendment; catchment; et al; finland; gypsum; gypsum amendment; losses; nummenpää; particulate; runoff; so4; soil; total; turbidity
• Gypsum amendment as a means to reduce agricultural phosphorus loading: an economic appraisal by Iho, Antti; Laukkanen, Marita (2012) - In addition to its biophysi- cal effects, its impact on farm profits and interaction with another key phosphorus load reduction measure – the adjustment of fertilizer application and, gradually, soil phosphorus levels to crop need – should be accounted for when assessing economic feasibility. Hence, these loads can be mitigated by depleting soil phosphorus levels; the process may, however, come at the expense of crop yields and farm income and take decades if initial soil phosphorus levels are high. Keywords: amendment; drp t; field; finland; gypsum; gypsum amendment; l t; level; load; loading; phosphorus; s t; soil; stp; t t; x t
• The significance of potato virus diseases in Finland by Jamalainen, E. A. (1946) - Due to the cold climate and short period of growth prevailing in our country the qualifications for the increase of aphids spreading potato virus diseases anywhere in Finland and especially in the central and northern parts of the country are evidently smaller than in the more southern countries, and, accordingly, the possibilities of the spreading of virus diseases are also smaller. At the Department of Plant Pathology potato virus diseases have been cont- inuously observed, and it has been verified that especially in potatoes brought from foreign countries virus diseases occur plentifully, e.g. in 1945, when the Depart- ment carried out experiments with a number of potato varieties obtained from Sweden. Keywords: countries; country; cultivation; että; experiment; finland; information; myzodes; ovat; parts; persicae; perunan; plant; potato; potato virus; potatoes; seed; significance; solanum; station; varieties; virus diseases; virustautien
• Overwintering of gramineae-plants and parasitic fungi: I. sclerotinia borealis Bubäk & Vleugel. by Jamalainen, E. A. (1949) - OVERWINTERING OF GRAMINEAE-PLANTS AND PARASITIC FUNGI 139 In Sweden S. borealis has been met in several years causing injury to winter rye, timothy, cocksfoot and other field grasses. During an excursion made with Mr. H. Ekstrand, Fil. Lic., to the northern and middle Finland in spring 1946 the author noted that S. borealis was in many dist- ricts quite common in winter rye and timothy (14). Keywords: a. j.; apukka; borealis; e. a.; ekstrand; experiment; finland; fungi; fungus; plants; rovaniemi; rye; sclerotinia; snow; soil; spring; sta; station; strains; sweden; timothy; winter
• Maaperäsanaston ja maalajien luokituksen tarkistus v. 1949 by Aaltonen, V. T.; Aarnio, B.; Hyyppä, Esa; Kaitera, Pentti; Keso, Lauri; Kivinen, Erkki; Kokkonen, P.; Kotilainen, Mauno J.; Sauramo, Matti; Tuorila, Pauli; Vuorinen, Jouko (1949) - Nämä maalajit läpäisevät hyvin vettä ja veden nousu ja pidättyminen on aivan vähäistä. Ruskosammalsaraturve ja sara- turve muodostavat parhaat turvemaamme. Keywords: aaltonen; acidity; brown; carex; cent; classification; clay; clay soil; colour; cultivation; decomposed; districts; eli; finesand; finland; grains; gravel; grey; happamuus; helsinki; hieno; hieta; humus; hyvin; iron; kuin; layer; luokituksen; maalajien; maan; maaperäsanaston; matter; mineral; moraine; moraine soil; mould; mud; mutta; ole; ovat; peat; peat soils; plant; remains; sekä; sen; silt; silt clay; sitä; soil; sphagnum; substance; suomessa; surface; tai; tarkistus; tavallisesti; type; usein; vain; veden; water; yleensä
• Significance of co-operation to agriculture in Finland by Simonen, Seppo (1950) - Already in the early years of the co-operative movement it was clearly apparent that of the numerous forms of co-operative societies tried out abroad, co-operative dairies, credit societies and retail societies were natural to Finnish conditions, and they soon developed into the three principal branches of the movement. The total number of co-operative societies working for the benefit of farmers in Finland in 1948 amounted to 4,715. Keywords: agriculture; butter; central; credit; dairies; farmers; finland; movement; operation; pellervo; production; societies; society
• Peltojen salaojituksesta by Kaitera, Pentti (1951) - Esimerkiksi Ruotsissa on Hallgrenui (6, s. 14) mukaan kivisalaojia n. 14 % kaikista salaojituksista, ja Suomessa sisä- Kuva 11. ja Cleveland-tyyppiset ko- neet. Keywords: aikana; aikoina; avo; drainage; drains; edelleen; edellä; eri; esimerkiksi; esitetty; että; fig; finland; hehtaaria; helsinki; huomattava; huomioon; huomiota; hyvin; hän; ilman; ilmenee; joita; joka; jolloin; jos; jossa; kaitera; keso; kestoaika; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; kuva; käyttää; liian; lisäksi; lähinnä; maan; maassa; mahdollisimman; mahdollista; missä; mitä; mukaan; mutta; myös; määrä; niiden; niin; niinpä; niissä; noin; nykyisistä; nyt; ojan; ojat; ole; olen; olisi; olla; ollut; osa; ovat; peltojen; pentti; pohjaan; putket; runsaasti; ruotsissa; saadaan; salaojien; salaojituksen; salaojitus; sekä; siitä; sillä; siten; soraa; suhteessa; suomen; suomessa; tai; tapauksessa; tulee; tällä; tämä; tässä; usein; vain; veden; vielä; voidaan; vuoden; vuodessa; vuotta; water; yhteydessä
• Luettelo Suomessa julkaistuista juoksevista sarjoista ja aikakauslehdistä maatalouden, eläinlääkinnän, metsätalouden, metsästyksen ja kalastuksen aloilta by Tulander, Majlis (1951) - Stambok över djur av ayrshireras i Finland = Suomen ayrshirekarjan kantakirja. Hki = Helsinki. Keywords: agricultural; association; central; engl; finland; finn; finnish; forestry; för; hfors; hki; journal; julkaisuja; keskusliitto; publications; report; society; summ; suomen; svenska; swed; vuosikertomus; vuosikirja
• Lantsträsädes- och ärtsorternas tidigare och nutida utbredning i Finland, deras egenskaper och betydelse för växtförädlingen samt tillvaratagningen av desamma by Pesola, Vilho A. (1951) - Det åländska vårvetet hade ax av Kolben-typ och även Alavus-vetets ax är vitt, glatt och bortslöst, men någorlunda kort och tätt och påminner Höstrågen bestod år 1928 av 18 lantsorter och av dessa finnes fortfarande 10 kvar (icke desamma som 196 VILHO A. PESOLA 1928). Keywords: att; beträffande; del; den; der; dessa; det; detta; die; egenskaper; finland; finska; från; för; förädlingar; har; helsinki; hos; ibid; kan; lantsorter; linjer; maatalouskoet; man; med; men; mycket; några; och; pesola; resultat; samt; sauli; sig; som; tammisto; tiedonant; utländska; valt; var; vid; vilka; voro; äro; även; åren; över
• Sivuansiotulojen merkityksestä Suomen pienviljelijäväestön taloudessa by Virolainen, Johannes (1952) - ja kotieläintuotevarastojen lisäys ja kotieläinten arvon lisäys. 4. ja uittotyöläiset ja heidän palkkansa. Keywords: 100,0; alueilla; bruttotulosta; earnings; ensimmäisen; eri; etelä; että; farmers; finland; helsinki; income; joiden; kohden; koillisja; koko; kuin; kun; merkitys; mukaan; myös; oli; olivat; osoittaa; osuus; ovat; peltoalan; pohjois; rahatulojen; saatu; saatujen; sekä; sivuansioiden; sivuansioista; sivuansiotuloista; sivuansiotulojen; subsidiary; suomen; suomessa; suomi; suuruusluokan; talouden; taulukko; tutkimuksen; viljelmillä; viljelmää; yleensä
• Tuloslukujen vaihtelusta maataloudessa by Suomela, Samuli (1952) - Tut- kimuksen kohteena ovat olleet maatalousomaisuudessa, työnmenekissä, satotulok- sissa, rahatuloissa ja -menoissa, kokonaistuotossa, liikekustannuksessa sekä erikseen tärkeimmissä tuotto- ja kustannuserissä ja liikeylijäämässä eri viljelmien välillä ilmenevät vaihtelut. Tulosten suhteen on otettava huomioon, että tutkimuksessa on käsitelty ainoas- taan, kuinka suuri tuloslukujen vaihtelu on ollut, ja missä määrin on mahdollista vaihtelu ja viljelmien lukumäärä huomioon otettuna saada luotettavia tuloksia kirjanpitoviljelmiltä. Keywords: alueen; bookkeeping; class; eri; esitetty; etelä; että; farms; finland; joilla; jos; keskiarvon; keskiarvosta; kirjanpitoviljelmillä; kokonaistuoton; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kysymyksessä; liikeylijäämän; maatalouden; mean; myös; neliöhajonta; ole; ollut; operating; ovat; perusteella; results; return; sen; siten; sitä; size; south; suomen; suurempi; tai; tapauksissa; tilivuonna; tuloslukujen; vaihtelu; vaihtelusta; vain; viljelmien; voidaan; year
• The causes of the black stem rust epidemic in Finland in summer 1931 by Kivinen, Erkki I. (1953) - In Finland Southwest air currents are general in laste summer. Winds in the upper air calculated with the aid of gradient winds for the Baltic Sea area, August 10—14, 1951. Keywords: air; august; epidemic; finland; rust; south; spores; stem; winds
• Karjattoman maanviljelyn taloudellisista edellytyksistä Suomessa by Suomela, Samuli (1953) - Viljelyala % peltoalasta Proportion of cultivated area of the total arable area Alue ja Ruis ja suuruus- 1 juuri- Muut , , , vehnä Ohra Kaura Rypsi Peruna J Kesantoluokka J 1 i.-cvif kasvit , Rye and Harley Oats Rape Potatoes ' FallowZone and \ Koof crops Other crops , wheat • ‘ ‘ size class 1 2 3 12 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 I 2 3 1 2 3 12 3 E-S I 9 12 19 O 4 6 18 29 18 2 6 8 7 7 7 3 3 1 0 Ohran, kauran ja peru- nan hinnat ovat Pellervo-Seuran markkinatutkimuslaitoksen laskemia tilivuodelta 1952—53, ja leipäviljan ja rypsin hinnat syksyllä 1953 vahvistetuista hinnoista las- kettuja tuottajahintoja. Keywords: arvioitu; cattle; change; edellytyksistä; ennen; eri; esitetty; etelä; että; farming; farms; finland; huomioon; joilla; jotka; jälkeen; karjaa; karjattomaan; karjattomaan talouteen; karjattomaksi; karjattomaksi siirtymisen; keskimäärin; kohden; koko; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannusten; laskettu; lukumäärä; maanviljelyn; mitä; muiden; mukaan; muutos; myös; ole; olisi; olleet; ollut; osa; osalta; otettu; ovat; perusteella; samuli; sekä; shssa; siirtymisen; siitä; size; suomen; suomessa; suuruusluokassa; tai; taloudellisista; talouden; talouteen; tapahtunut; tapauksissa; tuoton; tutkituilla; työntekijöiden; vaikka; vain; varsin; viljelmien; viljelmillä; viljelmää; voidaan; vuoksi; vuosina; väheneminen; yhteydessä
• Black rust and occurrence of Berberidaceae in Finland by Jamalainen, E. A. (1953) - However it has not been established that the uredospores of wheat black rust (P. graminis tritici Eriks. & Henn.) In the same year black rust caused great damage also in other Northern Countries, in Sweden (8) and in Denmark (1, 6). Keywords: 1952; barberry; finland; rust; wheat
• The epidemic of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici) on spring wheat in South-West Finland in 1951, primarily from the breeder’s point of view by Kivi, Erkki I. (1956) - Black stem rust has reappeared, it is true, but has done little damage and its occurrences have not reached epidemic proportions. Mostly the local occurrences have been associated with the appearance of the Berberis species susceptible to black stem rust. Keywords: breeding; diamant; epidemic; finland; grain; material; observations; plant; resistance; south; spring; stem rust; summer; varieties; wheat
• Mechanized reclamation of swamplands in Finland by Maijala, Kauko (1956) - Developing the Equipment and Methods Preliminary measures for the starting of mechanized clearing operations were taken in 1940, but owing to the war and the machine acquisitions the actual program was not initiated until 1946; j The tractors of the caterpillar-type have always been bought abroad, mainly in the United States; and they have been mostly Caterpillar and Allis-Chalmers models. Land clearing in a bog with a thick layer of peat. Keywords: clearing; fig; finland; labour; land; operations; reclamation; stumps; work
• Suomessa viljellyn perunan virustautisuudesta by Aura, Klaus (1957) - E. A. Jamalaisen aloitteesta tutkimaan serologisesti perunan S- ja X-viruksien yleisyyttä ja levin- neisyyttä S- ja X-viroottisuus. Keywords: eri; että; finland; lisäksi; maassamme; meillä; oli; ovat; perunan; potato; sen; sja; varieties; variety; viroottisia; virus; viruses; virusta; virusten
• The problem of red clover seed production in Finland by Valle, Otto (1957) - About 300,000 hectares of grassland are established each year in Finland and the annual demand for red clover seed is about 2 million kilograms. According to official crop estimates, the production of red clover seed has exceeded 2 million kilograms in some years, but these figures are highly approximate. Keywords: alberta; clover; finland; production; red; red clover; seed; tammisto; year
• Two cereal virus diseases in Finland by Ikäheimo, Katri (1960) - Summary; On plant virus diseases and viruslike diseases in Finland. I am very much obliged to Dr Marion A. Watson for her helpful instruction during the time in 1959 when I studied virus diseases at the Rothamsted Experimental Station in England. Keywords: cereal; disease; dwarf; finland; leafhoppers; leaves; mosaic; oats; pellucida; plants; striate; symptoms; virus; wheat
• Human aspects on the re-organization and reallocation of resources on family farms by Westermarck, N. (1964) - Later adopters can observe the results of new farm practices on other farms and may not require this ability to deal with abstractions. The farmer innovator further refines, modifies and perfects new farm ideas after their original development by others. Keywords: ability; adoption; farmers; farming; farms; finland; knowledge; labour; level; production
• Luettelo Suomessa ilmestyvistä juoksevista aikakauslehdistä ja sarjoista maatalouden, eläinlääkinnän, metsätalouden, metsästyksen, kalastuksen ja kotitalouden aloilta by Wickholm, Rita (1966) - Suomen ratsastajainliitto Finlands ryttarförbund, Pastori Jussi- laisentie 4 A 12, Helsinki. Suomen kennelliitto Finska kennelklubben Bulevardi 14, Helsinki. Keywords: edelt; epäsäänn; finland; för; helsingfors; helsinki; journal; julkaisuja; kantakirja; katso; kertomus; keskusliitto; maanviljelysseura; och; report; research; suomen; svenska; tiedonantoja; valtion; vuosikirja
• On the prospects of farmers on so-called cold settlement farms in 1963 by Lasola, Tapani (1967) - fertilizers in 1963 in 1963 1959 63 fert.u./ha. 1959-63 South Finland +variants 9.50 14.14* 2363 122 » —variants 9.08 15.62* 1683 79 Central Finland +variants 8.35 48.00 1698 73 » —variants 8.23 50.41 1310 70 North Finland -• variants 7.69 134.67 1946 171 » —variants 7.18 138.34 1660 169 � Some farms have in addition a share in the common forest. The tabulation shows that the average arable area is the largest in South Finland, about one hectare larger than on the study farms of Central Finland, and about 2 hectares larger than on those of North Finland. Keywords: central; farmers; farms; finland; north; south finland; var
• Vallens övervintring i norra Finland by Jamalainen, E. A. (1970) - Vallgräsförädlingarnas resistens mot utvintringssvampar i norra Finland Enligt sortförsök pä Försöksstationen för nordligaste österbotten i Apukka kan lämnas följande uppgifter angäende skador av utvintringssvampar pä arter och förädlingar av vall- gräs i norra Finland. Samtliga har värit mycket mottagliga för angrepp av S. borealis, och beständen har Hera är helt gätt ut. Keywords: apukka; borealis; damage; finland; fungi; för; har; ishikariensis; med; nivale; och; skador; som; sta; temperature; timotej; utvintringssvampar; varieties
• Utsädesbetningen med kvicksilverpreparat i Finland 1953 – 1968 by Blomqvist, Hans (1970) - Under 1950- och början av 1960-taletobserverades i Sverige minskade beständ av sä- väl fröätande fäglar som vissa rovfägelarter. Importen av bet- ningsmedel innehällande alkylkvicksilver förbjöds dock i medlet av 1967, och sedan början av 1969 räder även fbrbud mot försäljning av nämnda preparat. Keywords: att; den; fig; finland; med; mot; och; seed; utsäde
• Occurrence of Septoria species on cereals in Finland in 1971—1973 by Mäkelä, Kaiho (1975) - The occurrence of Septoria avenue f. sp. triticea and S. nodorum on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) by localities in Finland in 1972 and 1973. The occurrence of Septoria avenae f. sp. triticea and 5. nodorum on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) by localities in Finland in 1972 and 1973. 228 Table 3. Frequency of Septoria species on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in the fields researched in 1971 1973. Keywords: 1972; avenae; barley; cereals; fields; finland; fungus; leptosphaeria; nodorum; rye; septoria; species; spring; stage; wheat; winter
• Occurrence of Helminthosporium species on cereals in Finland in 1971—1973 by Mäkelä, Kaiho (1975) - The samples Helminthosporium species, %of fields researched researched H. H. H. H. H. Helmin- Cereals Year avenae gra- teres sativum tritici- thospo- i/i , _ ,j> mineum repentis num spp. Ainakin H. gramineum, H. teres ja H. sativum ohralla sekä H. avenae kauralla ovat siksi yleisiä tautien aiheuttajia kautta maan, että niiden merkitystä ja biologiaa olisi tutkittava edelleen. Keywords: barley; cent; cereals; country; fields; fig; finland; fungi; fungus; gramineum; helminthosporium; leaf; leaves; localities; oats; rye; samples; sativum; seed; species; spring; stage; teres; tritici; wheat; winter
• Viljakasvustoissa esiintyneistä sienistä vuosina 1971—1973 by Mäkelä, Kaiho (1975) - H. grumineum ja H. teres olivat yleisempiä moni- Died, ja H. sativumia. Keywords: barley; cereals; erysiphe; esiintyi; finland; graminis; helminthosporium; kauralla; kuva; maan; myös; ohralla; oli; pelloista; puccinia; rhynchosporium; rukiilla; secalis; sekä; septoria; species; sprague; ssa; tutkituista; varsinkin; vehnällä; vuosina; wheat
• Economics of forest land clearing for agriculture by Pihkala, K. U. (1975) - It has been assumed that average study farms manage with type 2, but in the marginal calculations, where extended cultivation is assumed, the cost figures are based on type 1. The data on agricultural production 311 Some figures characterizing the land use and economic size of study farms . Keywords: agriculture; alternative; area; average; calculations; capital; cases; cent; classes; costs; data; figures; finland; forest land; forestry; growth; hectare; income; interest; labour; land; land clearing; land rent; land use; method; milk; net; number; period; prices; production; products; rate; results; return; site; size; ssm; stands; study; study areas; study farms; table; timber; total; type; value; wood; years; yield
• Vanha maataloutemme: Maatalous ja maatalousväestö Suomessa perinnäisen maatalouden loppukaudella 1720-luvulta 1870-luvulle by Soininen, Arvo M. (1974) - Tattari Viljalajeihin luettiin perinnäisen maatalouden loppukaudella myös tattari, jonka pähkylöitä käytettiin viljan tapaan jauhoiksi ja ryyneiksi ja sanottiin jy- viksi. Viljantuotanto ja viljaomavaraisuus 1700- ja 1800-luvuilla 186 IV. Keywords: 1700ja; 1800luvun; 1851; 1855; 1860; 1860ja; 1866; 1870; 1880; 18th; 19th; agriculture; aiheutti; aikaan; aikaisemmin; aikakauden; aikana; aikana ei; aikana suomen; ainakin; ainoastaan; ajalta; ajan; ala oli; alaa; alalla; alanen; alettiin; alkaen; alkoi; alkoivat; alkupuolella ja; alle; alue oli; alueella oli; alueen; alueilla; aluksi; aluksi oli; alussa; ammatissa; annettiin; antaa; antoi; area; arvioida; asema oli; asemaan; asemassa; asia oli; average; avulla; barley; beating; burn; butter; böckerin; century; cereals; crop; cultivation; district; eastern; edelleen; edellä; edes; edistäminen oli; ehkä; ei aina; ei ennen; ei enää; ei juuri; ei kuitenkaan; ei liene; ei näytä; ei ole; ei ollut; ei suomen; ei tosin; ei vielä; eikä; eivät; eli; employment; enemmän; enemmän ja; enemmän kuin; enimmäkseen; eniten; ennen; ennen kuin; ensimmäinen; entistä; eri; ero oli; eroja; eräs; eräät; esiintyi; esitetty; eteläisellä; eteläisen; eteläsuomalaisen; etenkin; ettei; että; että itä; että kaikki; että kaskiviljelyn; että koko; että myös; että se; että suomen; että tämä; exports; farm; fields; finland; forest; gadd; grain; grotenfelt; gyldenin; halkojen; hankinta; harjoitettiin; havaita; havaittavissa; heinän; helposti; henkeä; heti; hevosten; hieman; hinnat; hinta oli; hist.tutk; hl ja; https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=iodfayinmoqhfeqj.glqlge_-t2vvilhktw35ia.f86mpu6vtg_g4qiuesuwfvbdbkoee2rgoklqpkokbqxfagykocloeetlnqsvelduchy_7to6x5vw2kp914-ds8ljapebvuhkddj_knpmhlvslrwzhave9l6o9fjoqlhjpawlvggwwpgi3nkzzv2pjrgym0rzvegeo-ckag99; huolimatta; huomattavia; huomioon; huomiota; huuhta; hyvin; hyvinkin; hyväksi; hyvät; hämeessä; hänellä oli; hänen; iii; ilman; ilmenee; ilmi; irtaimen; isojako ja; isojako oli; isojaon; itse; ja ainakin; ja ala; ja eri; ja etelä; ja että; ja hamppu; ja heidän; ja hämeen; ja ilmeisesti; ja itä; ja jopa; ja jossa; ja kahden; ja karjalan; ja karjalassa; ja karjanjalostus; ja kauran; ja keski; ja koko; ja kolmivuoroviljelyn; ja kun; ja kuopion; ja kylvettiin; ja laatokan; ja lienee; ja liitetaul; ja lisäksi; ja lähinnä; ja maatalouden; ja meri; ja metsätalouden; ja muiden; ja muut; ja myöhemmin; ja niiden; ja niin; ja niistä; ja niittyjen; ja niityn; ja näyttää; ja ohra; ja oli; ja olivat; ja olleen; ja oulun; ja perä; ja pohjois; ja porin; ja sai; ja samalla; ja sen; ja siihen; ja siinä; ja siis; ja siten; ja sitä; ja tiedot; ja tilattomien; ja toinen; ja toisaalta; ja torpparien; ja tuli; ja tällöinkin; ja tämä; ja täten; ja usein; ja vain; ja varsinkin; ja vasta; ja vielä; ja viipurin; ja viljan; ja yhden; jaettiin; jatkui; jo ennen; johtuen; joiden; joilla oli; joita; joka jo; joka oli; joko; jokseenkin; jolloin; jopa; joskin; joskus; jossa; jossa oli; jossa se; jossain; jota ei; jotka; jotka olivat; joukossa oli; joutui; joutuivat; juuri; jäi; jäivät; jälkeen; jälkeen ja; jälkeen oli; jäänyt; kaakkois; kaikesta; kaikki; kaikkialla; kaila; kainuun; kaksivuoroviljelyn; kannalta; kanssa; karjaa oli; karjakannan; karjakanta oli; karjan; karjanhoidon; karjantuotteiden; karjatalouden; karjatalous; kartta; kaskeaminen oli; kaskessa; kaskessa ja; kaskialueen; kaskirukiin ja; kaskiviljely oli; kaskiviljelyn; kasvanut; kasvinviljelyn ja; kasvoi; kasvu ja; kasvu oli; kasvua; katovuosien; kaupunkien; kaura oli; kauran; kehityksen; kehityksestä; kehitys oli; kehitystä; kertomukset; kesanto; kesken; keski; keskimäärin; keskimääräinen; kohdalla; kohdalla oli; kohden; kohti; kohti oli; koko; koko itä; koko maan; koko maatalouden; koko suomen; kokonaan; kokonaisuudessaan; kokotilanviljelijöiden; kolme; korkeampi kuin; koska; koskevasta; kovin; kruunun; kts; kuin; kuin etelä; kuin eteläisellä; kuin itä; kuin jo; kuin koko; kuin länsi; kuin missään; kuin mitä; kuin muualla; kuin pohjois; kuin rukiin; kuin sen; kuinka; kuitenkin jo; kuitenkin sen; kuitenkin vain; kuitenkin vielä; kulutus oli; kun; kun lisäksi; kun myös; kun oli; kun se; kun suomen; kun taas; kun tämä; kun v.; kun vielä; kuten jo; kuului; kuuluivat; kuvan; kuvernöörien; kyennyt; kykeni; kylvettiin; kylvötiheys; kysymys; kytömaat; käsitti; käytettiin; käytetty; käytettävissä; käyttö oli; käytännössä; käytössä; lainkaan; lannan; lannoitus oli; laskettu; leipäviljan; lienee; lienee ollut; lienevät; liian; liikamaan; likimain; lisäksi; lisäksi myös; lisäksi oli; lisääntyi; lisääntyminen; livestock; loppukauden; loppuun; lopulta; luku; luku oli; lukujen; lukumäärä; lukumäärä oli; lukuun; luvuilla; luvulla alkoi; luvulla ja; luvulla koko; luvulla myös; luvulla niin; luvulla näyttää; luvulla oli; luvulla olivat; luvulla olleen; luvulla ollut; luvulla se; luvulla selvästi; luvulla vielä; luvulle; luvulta; luvun; luvun alkupuolella; luvun alun; luvun alussa; luvun ja; luvun jälkeen; luvun jälkipuoliskolla; luvun kuluessa; luvun loppupuolella; luvun lopulla; luvun lopun; luvun puolella; luvun puolivälissä; luvun tiedot; luvun toisella; luvussa; läheisesti; lähellä; lähemmin; lähes; lähinnä; lähteet; lähtien; länsi; lääni oli; lääni province; läänin; läänin ja; läänissä; maa oli; maahan; maanviljelysseura; maaseudulla; maassa; maata oli; maatalouden; maataloudessa; maatalous oli; maatalousväestön; maataloutta; maatilatalouden; maatilataloudessa oli; mahdolliseksi; mahdollista; mahdollisuudet; mainittu; manninen; meadows; meinander; melkein; melko; mennessä; merkitsi; merkitys oli; merkitystä; methods; metsän; metsäntuotteiden; mikkelin ja; mikä; mikä oli; milj; missä; mitään; muiden; muistitietokeräelmät; mukaan; mukaan ja; mukaan oli; mukana; muodossa; muodostui; mustialan; mutta; mutta ilmeisesti; mutta itä; mutta koko; mutta kun; mutta myös; mutta olivat; mutta sen; mutta sitä; mutta toisaalta; mutta tämä; mutta vasta; muualla suomessa; muutokset; muutoksia; muutos; muuttui; myynti oli; myöhemmin; myös itä; myös se; myös suomen; myöskään; myöten; määrin; määrin myös; määrä; määrä oli; nautakarjan; ne olivat; nelivuoroviljely; neljänneksellä; niillä; niin että; niissä; niittyalan; niittyjen; niittyjä; niittyviljelyn; niityt; nimenomaan; noin; nopeammin kuin; nopeasti; northern; nousi; näiden; näin; näistä oli; näitä; näkyy; nämä; näyttävät; näyttää; näyttää kuitenkin; näyttää olleen; oats; och; ohra oli; ohran; ojitus oli; olevan; oli; oli 1700ja; oli aikaisemmin; oli aina; oli ainakin; oli aivan; oli ehditty; oli ehtinyt; oli enemmän; oli ennen; oli ensi; oli erittäin; oli esillä; oli etupäässä; oli huomattavasti; oli ilmeisesti; oli itse; oli itä; oli jaettava; oli jatkuvasti; oli jonkin; oli kaksi; oli koko; oli kokonaan; oli kuitenkin; oli kuten; oli kyllä; oli kysymys; oli liian; oli luonnollisesti; oli luonteenomaista; oli lähinnä; oli länsi; oli mahdollista; oli myös; oli n.; oli niin; oli ollut; oli omiaan; oli ominaista; oli osittain; oli oulun; oli pakko; oli paljon; oli perinnäisen; oli pienempi; oli puutetta; oli rukiin; oli runsaasti; oli ruotsin; oli saatu; oli samalla; oli sekä; oli selvästi; oli seuran; oli siis; oli siksi; oli sitä; oli suhteellisesti; oli suunnilleen; oli suuri; oli suurimmillaan; oli tavallisesti; oli tilattoman; oli toinen; oli toisaalta; oli tosin; oli tunnettu; oli turvauduttava; oli tyypillistä; oli tällä; oli tällöin; oli tärkein; oli täten; oli usein; oli vaikea; oli vanha; oli varsin; oli varsinkin; oli vielä; oli voin; oli vv; oli vähäinen; oli vähäistä; oli vähän; oli yleensä; oli yleistä; olikin; olisi; olivat; olivat myös; olivat niin; olivat pääasiassa; olivat sen; olivat vielä; olleen; ollut vielä; oloissa; osa; osa ja; osa oli; osaksi; osalta; osan; osassa; osittain; osoittaa; ostrobothnia; osuus; osuus oli; otettiin; otettu; ottaa; ottamatta; oulun läänin; ovat; paikoin; paikoitellen; painopiste oli; paitsi; paljoakaan; paljon; paljon ja; paljon kuin; paremmin; parempi; pellava ja; pellavaa; pellon ja; pellossa; peltoalan; peltoalueella; peltoalueen; peltoja; peltojen; peltopinta; peltoviljelyn; perinnäisen; perinnäisen maatalouden; perinnäisessä; period; perunanviljelyn; perustaminen; perusteella; perustettiin; perustui; perä; pian; pidettiin; pidetty; pidettävä; pienempi kuin; pieniä; pieniä ja; pietariin; pinta; piti; pitivät; pitäjissä; pitää; pohjanmaalla; pohjanmaalla oli; pohjanmaan; pohjanmaan ja; pohjoissuomalaisen; pois; polton ja; polttopuun; population; production; products; province; puolet; puolivälin; puolivälin jälkeen; puolivälissä ja; puu oli; puun; puun ja; puuta; puutavaran; pyrittiin; pysyi; pääasiassa; pääosa; pääsi; raakapuun; rahdinajo ja; riittävästi; rotation; ruis; ruis oli; ruista; rukiin ja; runsaasti; ruotsin; ruotsin suomen; ruotsin vallan; rural; ruvettiin; rye; ryhmä; saada; saakka; saakka ja; saatavissa; saatettiin; saatiin; saattoi; saattoivat; saatu; sadon; sahapuun; sahatavaran; sahateollisuuden; sai; saimaan; saimaan ja; saivat; sama kuin; samanaikaisesti; samassa; samoin; samoin kuin; sanoa; sanottavasti; satakunnassa; sato; sato oli; savon ja; savossa ja; se alkoi; se ei; se näyttää; se oli; sekä; sekä sen; sellaisia; selvää; sen eri; sen jälkeen; sen mukaan; sen osuus; sen sijaan; sen tähden; seuduilla; seurauksena oli; siihen; siirtyi; siirtyminen; siitä; sijaan oli; siksi; silloin; sillä; sillä se; silti; sitten; sitä ei; sivukierto; sks; soininen; suhteellisen; suhteessa; sunila; suo oli; suomen; suomen ammatissatoimiva; suomen historia; suomen ja; suomen kaskialueella; suomen kaskiviljelyalue; suomen maatalouden; suomen peltoalueella; suomen talousseuran; suomen väestön; suomen välillä; suomessa; suomessa ja; suomessa myös; suomessa oli; suomi oli; suon; suorastaan; suoritettiin; suoviljelyn; suunnilleen; suureksi; suurempi; suurempi kuin; suuressa; suuresti; suuret; suuri ja; suurimmassa; suurin; suurta; svt; syytä; säilyneet; säilyneiden; säilynyt; taas oli; table; tai; tai ei; talojen; talollisten; talon; talonpoikien; talonpojat; taloudellinen; talousseura ja; tapaan; tapahtui; tapahtuneen; tapahtunut; tapauksessa; tarkasteltaessa; tarkemmin; tarkoituksena oli; tarpeen; tarve; tarvetta; tarvittiin; taulukko; taulukon; taulukossa; tavalla; tavallisesti; tavallista; tavataan; tehdä; tehtiin; teki; tekijä oli; tekivät; thousands; tiedot; tietoja; tietojen; tietojen mukaan; tilanne oli; tilannetta; tilaston; tilattoman; todellista; todeta; toimeen; toimesta; toiminnassa oli; toiminta; toiminta oli; toinen; torpan; torpparin; torppien; total; tuhatta; tuli; tullut; tulokset; tuloksia; tunnettu; tuntuu; tuntuvasti; tuotannon; tuotanto; tuotiin; tuoton; tuotto oli; turku; turun ja; tynnyriä; työtä; työvoiman; työväen; työväkeä oli; tähden; tällä; tällöin; tämä ei; tämä oli; tämän; tärkeä; tästä; tästä oli; täten; täysin; usein; useita; uudellamaalla; uudenmaan ja; uudestaan; uusi; uusien; uusimaa; vaan; vaan oli; vaasan; vaasan ja; vaati; vaihteli; vaikka; vaikuttaa; vaikuttanut; vaikutti; vaikutus; vain; vain joka; vallan; vallan aikana; valtion; vanhaa; vanhan suomen; varassa; varsinainen; varsinais; varsinkin; varsinkin kun; varten; vasta; vasta kun; vasta sen; vastaava; venäjälle; venäjän; verran; verraten; verrattain; verrattuna; verrattuna oli; vielä se; viennin; viennistä; vienti; vienti oli; vietiin; viipurin; viipurin läänin; vilja oli; viljaa; viljanvienti oli; viljeltiin; viljelty; viljelyyn; viranomaisten; voidaan; voidaan kuitenkin; voimakas; voimakkaasti; voin; voinut; voinvienti; voinvienti oli; voita ja; voitaneen; voitiin; voitu; vrt; vuoden; vuodessa; vuonna; vuonna oli; vuosikymmenen; vuosina; vuosisadan; vuoteen; vuotta; väestö ja; väestö oli; väestöstä; väestöstä oli; väestöön; vähemmän; vähemmän kuin; väheni; vähitellen; vähän; välillä; välillä oli; wirilander; wood; year; yhteensä; yhteydessä; yhtä; yhä; yksinomaan; yleisesti; yli; yritettiin; zakrevskin
• Occurrence of Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) J.J. Davis on spring barley and winter rye in Finland by Mäkelä, Kaiho (1974) - J. J. Davis on spring barley and winter rye in Finland Kaiho Mäkelä University of Helsinki, Department of Plant Pathology Received April 18. J. J. Davis occurring on spring barley, winter rye and couch grass (Agropyron repens (L.) PB) in Finland. Keywords: barley; country; fields; finland; fungus; leaf; rhynchosporium; rye; samples; secalis; spots; spring; winter
• Väkilannoitteiden kysyntä: Jakautuneita viiveitä sisältävien mallien sovellutuksia Suomen väkilannoitteiden käyttömäärien vaihteluiden selittämisessä ja ennakoinnissa by Nevala, Markku (1976) - Vaikka tämän työn tarkoituksena olikin vain tuottaa teknisiä apuvälineitä väkilannoitteiden käyttömäärien ennakointiin, jouduttiin tuloksia tarkastel- taessa pohtimaan erästä koko maatalouden tuotantopolitiikan kannalta kes- keistä kysymystä maapohjan ja väkilannoitteiden keskinäisestä substituutio- suhteesta. Näistä havainnoista heräsi ajatus selvittää maamme maataloussektorin väkilannoitteiden käyttöä ja käytön määräytymiseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Keywords: 1973/74; aikasarja; almon; analysis; arvo; change; coefficients; consumption; demand; eivät; ennusteet; eri; esitetty; estimaatit; että; että väkilannoitteiden; fertilizer; finland; fosforin; funktio; hehtaaria; hinta; hintojen; jakautuneita; jossa; jotka; kerroin; kertoimet; kohdalla; kohden; koko; kts; kuin; kuitenkin; käyttömäärien; käyttömäärä; käytön; lag; liite; lisäksi; luvun; maatalouden; malleista; malleja; mallien; mallit; mbi; models; muutos; muuttujien; myös; neliösumman; niiden; ole; ollut; ovat; parametrien; peltoalan; perusteella; pienimmän; price; sektorin; sekä; selittävien; sen; siihen; siten; sitä; suhteen; thi; tuotannontekijöiden; typen; tämän; tässä; variable; vha; vhi; viiveitä; viiverakenteen; voidaan; vvol; väkilannoitteiden; väkilannoitteiden käytön
• Yield, vegetation and succession in reserved fields in Central Finland by Hokkanen, Heikki; Raatikainen, Mikko (1977) - Soil types and test sites, see app. 1 and 2. Koeala Paikkakunta Viljelymaa Metsämaa Salaatti Pinaatti Porkkana Puolukka Mustikka Sienet Ruoho Plot Locality Cultivated soil Forest soil Lettuce Spinach Carrot Lingonberries Blueberries Mushrooms Grass No x x x x xxxx x 1 Helsinki 21.1 (12.7-29.3) 12.1 (4.1-20.0) 14,6 (7.4-36.6) 4.9 (3.2-6.7) 2 Tikkurila 19,1 (17.4-20.7) 13.0 (12.4-13.6) 6.0 (-) 4.0 (1.1-6.8) 17.1 (-) 3 Tikkurila 29.5 (22.3-36.6) 32.5 (-) 5.8 (5.7-5.9) 4 Tikkurila 22.0 (20.2-23.8) 40.8 (-) 13.8 (-) 5.8 (5.8) 5 Tikkurila 37.3 (30.5-44,0) 28.0 (2.8-53.1) 11.0 (8.3-13.6) 4.1 (3.4-4.7) 6 Tikkurila 47.6 (46.2-49.0) 25.3 (24.2-26.3) 10.8 (10.8) 6.9 (4.8-5.9) 16.2 (-) 11.2 (7.9-14.5) 8 Pertunmaa 17.7 (12.7-22.7) 2.1 (1.3- 2.9) 5.5 (-) 4.0 (2.9-4.9) 5,4 (-) 42.1 (1.2-82,9) 5.4 (4.6- 6.2) 9 Punkasalmi 12.1 (8.6-15,4) 3,8 (2.0- 9.5) 6.6 (1.7-11.4) 8.7 (6.4-11.1) 2.3 (2.3) 10 Puumala 16.0 (14.5-17.4) 12.2 (9.3-15.1) 7.3 (6.2- 8.3) 4.1 (2.7-5.4) 11 Soil types, see appendix 1. Keywords: .03; biomass; fields; finland; kht; leys; meadows; phleum; plant; raatikainen; repens; samples; soil; species; spp; succession; tikkurila; total; type; vegetation; years
• Maanosituslainsäädäntö Suomen maatalouden pienviljelyvaltaistumiseen vaikuttavana tekijänä: Vuoden 1895 maanositusasetuksen synty ja vaikutus by Soininen, Arvo (1977) - Halkomisen ja lohko- misenkin osalta uusien tilojen määrää ei suoraan ilmoiteta, mutta se on lasket- tavissa toimituksissa mukana olleiden tilojen ja muodostettujen tilojen erotuk- sena. Kruunu pyrki estämään erillisten tiluskappaleiden erottamisen tilasta, ja 1670-luvulta alkaen oli voimassa täydellinen tilojen lohkomiskielto. Keywords: alakomitean; asetus; assessment; enclosure; että; finland; halkomalla; harvio; holdings; isojaon; ja sen; joka; jolloin; järjestelyn; koko; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; lakija; lohkomalla; luvun; lääni; läänissä; maanmittaushallituksen; mukaan; muodostettu; mutta; myös; määrän; niiden; niin; ole; oli; olivat; ollut; osalta; ovat; palstatilan; palstatiloja; pinta; province; saakka; sekä; selvästi; sen; siihen; siitä; sillä; suomen; taas; tai; tilat; tilattoman; tiloja; tilojen; total; tuli; tämä; unit; uusien; vaasan; vaikka; vain; vielä; viipurin; voi; voitiin; väestön; yhteensä; yhteydessä
• Peltokasvien talvehtiminen Suomessa by Jamalainen, E. A. (1978) - Nämä arviot voidaan suorittaa visuaalisesti tai laskemalla pienikokoisilta ruuduilta terveiden ja vaurioitu- neiden kasvien määrä. ja silloin oli vielä pakkasta. Keywords: agric; aikana; apilan; borealis; clover; damage; että; exp; finland; frost; fungi; huonosti; hyvin; hämeen; joissa; jolloin; jos; kasvien; kasvitautien; keski; keväällä; kjl; koeasemalla; kokeet; kokeissa; kokeita; kuin; kun; kuva; kvl; kym; lajikekokeissa; lapin; lumen; lumettomana; lumi; lumihomeen; lunta; maa; myös; ole; oli; olivat; ollut; oraiden; oraita; ovat; pakkasen; parhaiten; pidetty; plot; pohjanmaan; pohjois; pohjolan; poistettu; psa; puna; runsaasti; rye; sclerotinia; sekä; sen; sienet; silloin; snow; soil; sta; suomen; suomessa; syksyllä; syysrukiin; syysvehnän; syysviljojen; table; tai; talvehtiminen; talvehtivat; taulukko; temperature; tests; tikkurilassa; timotei; typhula; usein; variety; vaurioita; vuoden; vuoksi; vähän; water; wheat; winter; wintering; yli
• Flowers visited by honey bee in southern Finland by Käpylä, Markku; Niemelä, Paavo (1979) - Origanum vulgare 4 4 - + 4- + - Oxalis acetosella 1 1 -++ + - Papaver croceum 4 + + + + - Parthenocissus inserta 5 5 ——++ + Paslinaca saliva 1 -++ + - PIantago media 1 + + + + Polemonium coeruleum 1 1 + + + + - Polygonatum odoratum -f + Geranium sylvaticum 5 + + Continued Frequency in foragingSpecies Flowering time N P 4 5 6 7 8 9 Geum rivals 2 2 + + + - Glechoma hederacea 1 -+ + - Gynanchum vincetoxicum 1 + + + + - Hepatica nobilis 1 4-4-4- Heracleum spondylium 1 -++ + + - Hieracium pilosella 1 + + + H. umbellatum 1 -++++- Isatis tinctoria 2 2 + + + Lamium purpureum 5 ——++++ + + + + + Lathyrus odoratus 1 —++ + - L. pratensis 1 + +(+)(+)(+)- Ledum palustre 5 5 -+ + - Leontodon autumnalis 4 1 -++ + + + Linaria vulgaris 1 1 - 4- Keywords: bees; finland; flowering; honey; observations; pollen; species
• Injury to currants during mechanical harvesting and subsequent fungal infection by Tahvonen, Risto (1979) - Baton Mechanical picking harvesting harvesting 1976 1976 19761976 1976 Relative yield (kg/bush) in 1977 Blackcurrant Öjebyn, South-Finland 100 (2.1) 63 66 Blackcurrant Erkheikki, North Finland 100 (1.4) 91 Redcurrant Rondom, East Finland 100 (1.7) 72 61 Redcurrant Red Dutch, East Finland 100 (1.5) 63 Table 6. Table 1, Proportions of Botrytis cinerea in mechanical harvesting injuries in 1976 and 1977' Year of harvest 1976 1977 B. cinerea % in injuries 11 months after picking Redcurrant . Keywords: bark; botrytis; branches; bushes; cinerea; dieback; finland; fungus; harvesting; injuries; wounds; year
• Syysrukiin perustaminen, hoito ja rikkaruohojen ekologia by Raatikainen, Mikko; Raatikainen, Terttu (1979) - Näin suuria määriä kuitenkin vain harvat käyttivät, ja 100 kg typpeä oli Luostarisen ja Laasosen (1973) mukaan kannattavan lannoituksen yläraja kaikkina vuosina. Ongelman ratkaisemiseksi typen levitystä on kokeiltu syys- ja talvikautena ja todettu, että vähäsateisena keväänä typen talvilevitys saattaa antaa suuremman jyväsadon kuin kevätlevitys (Pessi 1969, 1970). Keywords: agropyron; agrostis; album; alueella; arvensis; aviculare; cereal; cheiranthoides; chenopodium; communis; difference; ero; erysimum; että; fields; finland; finland finland; galeopsis; galeopsis spp; jälkeen; koko; kuin; kuitenkin; lajit; lat; lohkoilla; lohkon; lounais; luokkamuuttujat; maalaji; matricaria; media; mukula; mutta; myosotis; myös; määrä; number; nurmien; oli; olivat; peittaus; poa; polygonum; pratensis; raatikainen; ranunculus; regressiomuuttujat; repens; rikkaruohojen; rukiin; rye; s. lat; sen; spp; stellaria; suomen; suomen alueella; suomessa; suomi; table; tai; taulukko; uliginosum; vain; viola; väli; weed; winter
• The efficacy of lindane and dimethoate against cabbage maggots in Finland by Varis, Anna-Liisa; Dalman, Pirjo (1980) - Reports concerning resistance of the turnip root fly Delia floralis arc considerably fewer owing to the fact that D. floralis is univoltine while D. brassicae usually has more than one generation in the area where it occurs. The testing time had, however, to be lengthened for D. floralis. Keywords: brassicae; cabbage; dimethoate; finland; floralis; insecticides; resistance; root; strains
• Tärkeimpien kasvutekijöiden ja käytetyn viljelytekniikan suhteet nurmen kasvurytmiin ja sadonmuodostukseen by Pulli, Seppo (1980) - Keskimääräinen heinäsato 3 800 kg ha 1 edustaa n. 1 500 rehuyksikköä ja 340kg raakavalkuaista hehtaarilta. Säilörehunurmilta tuotettiin samana ajan- kohtana tuoresatoa keskimäärin 17 620 kg ha 1 , mikä vastaa n. 2 500 ry ja 560 kg raakavalkuaista hehtaarilta. Keywords: 1964; 1968; agric; aineen; apilan; competition; crop; cutting; der; effect; ensimmäisen; eri; erittäin; että; factors; fenn; finland; grassl; growth; ja kuiva; kasvien; kasvukauden; kasvun; kasvuston; kasvutekijöiden; koetoim; kuin; kuiva; kuten; lai; lannoitus; lämpötilasumman; mukaan; myös; niiton; niitossa; niittosysteemissä; nurmen; oli; olivat; ovat; plant; puna; sadon; sekä; soc; suomen; tai; taulukko; tutkimuksissa; vaikutus; valikoivassa; yield
• Development and productivity of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) by Pulli, Seppo (1980) - Changes occur in the productivity of timothy varieties as the crop ages. Shoot-root ratio: The shoot-root ratio of timothy varieties provides a clear picture of plant development after seeding (Fig. Keywords: development; finland; growth; lai; matter; nokka; plant; production; protein; tammisto; tarmo; timothy; timothy varieties; varieties; variety; yield
• Lunar and planetary periodicity of failure years in Finland and in Sweden by Mannila, Tauno (1980) - 393 JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 52: 595-402, 1980 Lunar and planetary periodicity of failure years in Finland and in Sweden Tauno Mannila Myllytie 3 The lunar scale has been used first of all in the study of the appearance of failure years. Keywords: average; failure; finland; period; scale; years
• The epidemiology of ostertagiasis in cattle in Finland by Oksanen, H. E.; Nikander, S. (1981) - However, the degree of infection of grazing animals depends on the stocking rate of the pasture as well as on the number of L 3 in the pasture areas. Inhibited development in Ostertagia ostertagi infections a diapause phenomenon in a nematode. Keywords: abomasal; animals; cattle; fig; finland; infection; larvae; number; ostertagia; ostertagiasis; pasture; pepsinogen; samples; veter; westerkulla
• Requirement for magnesium fertilization in Finland by Jokinen, Raili (1981) - When the experiments were carried out using coarse mineral soils, the magnesium uptake and magnesium content of the plants decreased during the second and third year as the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased. The increase in magnesium content of 260 grasses brought about by magnesium fertilization may be less than that for dicotyledenous plants (McNAUGHT et al. 1968). Keywords: acetate; agric; ammonium; amounts; calcium; effect; experiments; extractable; fertilizer magnesium; fertilizers; finland; increase; jokinen; level; liming; magnesium; magnesium content; magnesium fertilization; magnesium uptake; mineral; nitrogen; plants; potassium; soil; soil magnesium; year; yield
• Measuring technological change in agriculture: an application based on the ces production function by Hemilä, Kalevi (1982) - Technological change 173 1.1. Characteristics of technological change 175 2. Keywords: agriculture; capital; capital inputs; change; elasticity; farms; fig; finland; growth; inputs; labour; measuring; method; output; parameter; price; production; production function; productivity; research; results; returns; scale; study; substitution; technology; values; year
• Syysvehnän viljelystä ja sen vaikutuksesta rikkaruohoihin Suomessa by Raatikainen, Mikko; Raatikainen, Terttu (1983) - Seuraavilla sijoilla olivat v. 1963 kauppaan laskettu Elo, v. 1966 kauppaan laskettu Nisu ja v. 1965 kauppaan laskettu Linna, joita viljeltiin muussa osassa Suomea, mutta joista kuitenkin Elon viljely keskittyi etelä- ja kaakkoisosaan ja Nisun luoteisosaan. Tutkimustuloksia on selostettu ja sovellettu välittäjille ja käyttäjille mm. Keywords: agric; agropyron; arvensis; cereal; density; esikasvi; esim; että; fields; finland; galeopsis; ja t.; jälkeen; koetoim; kuin; kuitenkin; kylvöaika; käyt; lajien; lajit; lohkon; luokkamuuttujat; maalaji; maaperän; matricaria; mikä; mukaan; mukula; mutta; myosotis; myös; määrä; niiden; noin; number; oli; olisi; olivat; ovat; paljon; peittaus; peittävyys; peltona; polygonum; raatikainen; raatikainen ja; regressiomuuttujat; repens; rikkaruohojen; rikkaruohoruiskutusten; sen; spp; spring; suomessa; syysvehnän; syysvehnässä; syysviljojen; table; tai; taulukko; todettu; torjunta; vain; viljan; vrt; weed; wheat; winter; years; yleensä
• Bipolaris sorokiniana on barley seed in Finland by Kurppa, Aarne (1984) - Results The incidences of Bipolaris sorokiniana in spring barley seed varied marketly during the Fig. Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 56: 175—182, 1984 Bipolaris sorokiniana on barley seed in Finland AARNE KURPPA Department of Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI 71, Finland Abstract. Keywords: barley; bipolaris; finland; fungus; incidence; infection; samples; seed; sorokiniana
• Orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Dipt., Cecidomyidae), on wheat in Finland by Helenius, Juha; Tomminen, Jyrki; Björkbacka, Reijo (1984) - Distribution of finds of S. mosellana eggs and larvae on wheat ears during the sampling period. The purpose of the present study was to find out whether wheat midges were in fact responsible for the damage. Keywords: aug; ears; finland; infestation; july; larvae; mosellana; station; wheat
• Root parasitic nematodes in nursery plants imported to Finland in 1980 by Kurppa, Sirpa (1985) - Lonkero tatarica S. vulgaris L. Paeonia L. sp. L. sp. Rosa sp. Convallaria majalis L. Cornus alba Keywords: finland; infections; l. sp; material; meloidogyne; nematodes; plant; pratylenchus; root; species; spp; stocks
• PAG electrophoregrams of wheat cultivars grown in Finland by Sontag, Tuula; Salovaara, Hannu (1985) - Although a part of the functional quality of wheat proteins is associated with gliadins, evidence for a systematic relationship has not been found between the breadmaking quality of wheat cultivars and the electrophoretic pat- tern of gliadins. 5 Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 57: 271—277, 1985 PAG electrophoregrams of wheat cultivars grown in Finland TUULA SONTAG and HANNU SALOVAARA Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract. Keywords: band; cultivars; electrophoresis; finland; gel; gliadin; identification; marquis; wheat
• Consumption and production of herbs in Finland by Hälvä, Seija (1985) - Features of herb production The herbs are cultivated mostly in unde- veloped countries where the labour costs are relatively low. Therefore herb production has less importance as an alternative use of land. Keywords: caraway; dill; finland; hectares; herbs; import; mustard; parsley; production; total
• Flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Halticinae) on rapeseed and sugarbeet in Finland by Augustin, Arja; Tulisalo, Unto; Korpela, Seppo (1986) - Surveys of the incidence of flea beetles on sugarbeet and rapeseed were carried out in eight localities in southern and central Finland in 1972 and 1980—83. The incidence of flea beetles fluctuated greatly on the cultivation, as the flea beetles moved only short distances and showed thus very local occurrence. Keywords: control; field; finland; flea beetles; host; june; numbers; plants; radish; rapeseed; seed; species; sugarbeet
• Yield and glucosinolate of mustard seeds and volatile oils of caraway seeds and coriander fruit: II Yield and volatile oils of caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.) by Hälvä, S.; Hirvi, T.; Mäkinen, S. (1986) - Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 58: 163—167, 1986 Yield and glucosinolate of mustard seeds and volatile oils of caraway seeds and coriander fruit. II Yield and volatile oils of caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.) HÄLYÄ, S. 1 , HIRVI, T.2*, MÄKINEN, S. 3 and HONKANEN, E.2 1 Dept of Horticulture, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland 2 VTT, Food Research Laboratory, SF-02150 ESPOO, Finland 3 Dept of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract. Keywords: caraway; carvone; finland; helsinki; ml/100; oil; seeds; varieties
• Yield and glucosinolate of mustard seeds and volatile oils of caraway seeds and coriander fruit: lll  Yield and volatile oils of coriander fruit (Coriandrum sativum L.)  by Hälvä, S.; Hirvi, T.; Mäkinen, S. (1986) - 11l Yield and volatile oils of coriander fruit (Conundrum sativum L.) HÄLYÄ, S. 1, HIRVI, T.2*, MÄKINEN, S. 3 and HONKANEN, E.2 ' Dept of Horticulture, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland 2 VTT, Food Research Laboratory, SF-02150 ESPOO, Finland Dept of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract. The amount of volatile oils (ml/100 g) in coriander fruit in 1983—85 at two locations. Keywords: coriander; finland; fruit; helsinki; oils; seeds; varieties
• Selenium in long term feeding and the frequency of White Muscle Disease in cattle in Finland during the years 1978—1985 by Westermarck, Hakon W. (1987) - The decrease of WMD cases reflects a better Se status in cattle as a whole, and has also contributed to an increase in the Se content in animal products. The effect of Se supplementation The amount of Se fed to animals in the after a summer with a rainfall of 137.8 mm/ month in the interior, there was a lower fre- quency of WMD than in the coastal area where therainfall was only 103,8 mm/month. Keywords: area; cattle; finland; heifers; selenium; wmd
• Bacterial and fungal diseases of potatoes in Finland by Seppänen, Esko (1987) - Va- rietal resistance of potato tubers to someFusarium spe- cies. b. Fusariums of the potato in Finland V. Fur- ther investigations on the growth optima of Fusarium species in potato tubers. Keywords: agric; blight; control; diseases; fenn; finland; koetoim; potato; potatoes; resistance; seppänen
• Virus diseases of berry plants in Finland by Bremer, Katri (1987) - They often show symptoms of virus diseases (Jamalainen 1957) as well as virus-like yellow fleck symptoms caused by the mite Eriophyes gracilis (Lindroth (Tiro) 1902). According to Tapio (1961), several virus diseases occur in Finland, e.g. red raspberry mosaic, raspberry vein chlorosis, raspberry vein banding, rasp- berry yellows, raspberry leaf mottle, and rasp- berry leaf curl, but they have not been de- scribed in more detail. Keywords: black; bremer; currants; diseases; finland; plants; raspberry; ring; seed; strawberry; virus; virus diseases; viruses
• The fluoride content of Finnish honey by Laurema, Seppo; Varis, Anna-Liisa (1987) - The aim of the present study was to determine fluoride in honey samples collected from different areas of Finland, and to compare the results with thefluoride content of the groundwater. The concentrations were lowest in eastern and northern Finland, where the amount of fluoride in the soil is small, and higher on the coast and areas where more fluoride occurs in the groundwater and bed- rock. Keywords: concentrations; content; finland; fluoride; groundwater; helsinki; honey; samples
• Damping-off of sugar beet with special reference to the fungus Pythium Pringsheim by Vestberg, M. (1988) - Applications The method yielded 4 types of soil borne Pythium species from sugar beet soils includ- ing the pathogenic type (IV, Fig. 1). In this study, however, the species of Pythium found very commonly in Finnish sugar beet soils is named P. debaryanum after Waterhouse (1967). Keywords: beet seedlings; betae; borne; conditions; control; debaryanum; disease; effect; emergence; experiments; field; finland; fungi; fusarium; hymexazol; inoculum; phoma; phytopath; plant; pythium; seedlings; soil; species; study; sugar beet; table; temperature
• Targets in the breeding of spring wheat by Juuti, Tapio (1988) - It has not been possible to increase the earliness of spring wheat varieties from that of the local varieties cultivated before breeded varieties. It was not until in the 1930 s that purposeful research into spring wheat quality and breed- ing to improve it started at Finnish plant breeding institutes. Keywords: breeding; conditions; content; cultivars; finland; protein; quality; spring; spring wheat; varieties; wheat
• The results of six-row barley breeding and the genetic origin of varieties released by Aikasalo, Reino (1988) - Six- row varieties dominate today, the share of two-row varieties being approx. Secondly, the to- tal number of barley varieties grown in Fin- land has increased during the last 10 years, resulting in a smaller acreage per variety. Keywords: barley; breeding; earliness; finland; hankkijan; kivi; landraces; olli; otra; pirkka; plant; row; straw; tammi; type; varieties; variety
• Small fruit breeding in Finland by Hiirsalmi, Heimo (1988) - Variety trials with the highbush blue- berry in Finland. Variety trials with blackcurrant conducted in Finland. Keywords: arctic; berries; blueberry; bramble; breeding; crossing; cultivation; department; finland; horticulture; raspberry; species; varieties; variety
• Breeding of frosthardy rhododendrons by Uosukainen, M.; Tigerstedt, P. M. A. (1988) - Mui- ta keskeisiä lajeja ohjelmassa olivat R. calawbiense, R. mellernichii, R. smirnowii ja R. yakushimanum. In fact, R. brachycarpum has been the only introduced rhododendron species able to reproduce generatively. Keywords: arboretum; brachycarpum; breeding; crosses; finland; hardiness; helsinki; hybrids; mustila; number; plants; program; rhododendron; selection; species; subsp; total; trials; years
• Incompatibility classes and fruit set in natural populations of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) in Finland by Tammisola, Jussi (1988) - In relevant data (where uniclassic populations have been removed), the areal extent of an equivalence class (EEq) showed neither differences between fruit number classes nor a correlation with fruit number class but at a high risk probability. For in- stance, if the i lh element of the vector 6is five, ie. s(i) = 5, this means that equivalence class number five will be identified on the ilh crossing cycle. Keywords: addition; app; arctic; arcticus; association; average; basis; bees; berries; bramble; cases; choice; classification; clones; correlation; crosses; crossing; density; differences; distance; distribution; equivalence classes; expression; false; field; fig; finland; flowers; fruit; fruit number; fruiting; function; hypothesis; incompatibility; incompatibility classes; information; log; maximum; method; new; number; number class; ones; order; partner; plant; pollen; population; probability; procedure; proportion; ramets; regard; results; risk; rubus; sample; seed; seed number; self; set; shoots; similarity; small; species; study; system; tab; time; type; value; variables
• History, recent development and uses of Finnsheep by Maijala, K. (1988) - Since the sheep flocks were small and serving mainly home needs of wool, mar- kets of sheep meat were not developed at the time there were more animals. The decrease in numbers in the 1950—60’s did not stimu- late slaughter houses and meat processors to develop products and markets for the ur- banized human population, which thus be- came alienated from sheep meat. Keywords: ewes; finland; finnish; flocks; meat; sheep; wool
• The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland 80 Years the 2nd December, 1989 by Tapio, Eeva (1989) - Earlier the Society participated in arrange- ments of the annual Agricultural Weeks start- ed in the twenties. The events in the course of history have vio- lently shaken both our country and its people in 1917, when Finland became an independent republic and in the following 80 years as well, and this has been reflected in the activities of our Society. Keywords: finland; society
• Plant Production Research in Finland in the 1970s and 1980s by Mukula, Jaakko (1989) - Plant production research is carried out in Finland by several institutes and regional ex- perimental stations, most of them belonging to the two governmental organizations, the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland (ARC) and the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of Helsinki University (HU). The objectives of plant production research in Finland have been to secure domestic sup- ply of food and fodder, taking into considera- tion both the nutritionaland technical quality of products. Keywords: area; breeding; crops; department; finland; plant; production; research; soil; varieties; winter; yield
• Research on the agricultural economics in the 1970s and 1980s by Ryynänen, Viljo (1989) - Consequently, giving a systematic picture of agricultural economic research is highly de- pendent on the choice of taxonomy and terms. Pioneering work in this field was made by Sumelius (1987) in his doctoral dis- sertation, in which he concluded that the resources invested in agricultural research and extension services have yielded a fair- ly high percentage of returns, significantly higher than the percentage of returns that could be given by the resources invested in the production itself. Keywords: agriculture; development; economics; finland; julk; lait; production; research; tai; tutk
• Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields by Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi; Simojoki, Paavo; Raininko, Kyösti; Nuormala, Nils; Silvo, Riitta (1989) - According to this result overdoses of sugar beet pesticides, especially herbicides, should be avoided. Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 61: 45—53, 1989 Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields HELVI HEINONEN-TANSKIPAAVO SIMOJOKI 2 , KYÖSTI PAININKO 3 , NILS NUORMALA 3 and RIITTA SILVO 4 1 University of Kuopio, Department of Environmental Engineering, POB 6, SF-70211 Kuopio, Finland 2 Agricultural Research Centre, Central Finland Research Station, SF-41340 Laukaa, Finland 3 Sugar Beet Research Centre, SF-25170 Kotalato, Finland 4 Water Protection Association of Saimaa Region, Hietakallionkatu 2, SF-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland Abstract. Keywords: beet; degradation; effects; finland; laukaa; metamitron; microorganisms; perniö; pesticide; plots; sampling; soil; sugar; yields
• Coordination of supply and demand in the dairy marketing system – with special emphasis on the potential role of farmer cooperatives as coordinating institutions by Ollila, Petri (1989) - In this study, it is assumed that the main objectives are self-sufficiency in milk products and maintaining the rural areas of the coun- try populated by using dairy policy as a means, and that total price discrimination in the short run is not possible or acceptable. In milk products, a differ- ence of only 1 per cent between the average actual and target price already requires action by the committee. Keywords: agricultural; alternative; analysis; assets; average; balancing; behavior; butter; cent; change; cheese; consumer; consumption; consumption milk; coordination; costs; dairy cooperatives; dairy cows; dairy farmers; dairy industry; dairy marketing; dairy plants; dairy processing; dairy producers; dairy production; dairy subsector; dairy system; decisions; decrease; demand; development; e.g.; economics; effect; exchange; exit; farms; fat; figure; finland; finnish; firm; fmk; food; incentives; increase; information; level; liquid; making; marketing system; markets; means; members; michigan; michigan dairy; milk components; milk fat; milk marketing; milk powder; milk price; milk processing; milk producers; milk production; milk protein; milk supply; new; number; order; organization; performance; preferences; present; price; pricing; problem; producer price; production costs; products; property; protein; quota; retail; situation; skim milk; structure; system; time; total; transaction; transaction costs; trc; uncertainty; use; valio; value; voice; way; williamson; year
• Determination of the capitalized and market values of supplementary arable land in southern Finland, 1972—1986 by Ylätalo, Matti (1991) - Nositschka (1973) and Wentrup (1978) es- timated the effect of a number of variables influencing the variation of land prices, al- though the effect of any single variable on land price proved mostly to be weak. In the Department of Agricultural Eco- nomics of the University of Helsinki, aca- demic theses have examined arable land prices using these data. Keywords: agriculture; average; board; bookkeeping farms; buildings; capital; cattle farms; costs; cultivation; data; determination; economic; effect; factors; farm land; farms; figure; fim; finland; function; grain farms; hand; increase; interest; labour; land; land acquisition; land area; land demand; land improvements; land land; land market; land price; land purchases; land quality; land surveying; land transactions; land use; land value; market price; market value; national; national board; period; price development; price level; price register; prices; production; rate; research; results; return; size; southern; study; table; value product; values; variables; years; yield
• Variation in the yield and essential oil of four chamomile varieties grown in Finland in 1985—1988 by Galambosi, B.; Szebeni-Galambosi, ZS.; Repcak, M.; Cernaj, P. (1991) - The purpose of this work was to study the variation of flower yield and essential oil of four chamomile varieties during a longer peri- od under normal field conditions in Finland. Index words: chamomile, varieties, flower yield, essential oil Introduction Chamomile {Matricaria recutita L.) is a na- tive plant of the Finnish flora, but it occurs quite rarely due to the widespread use of her- bicides in agriculture and on roadsides. Keywords: chamomile; conditions; content; finland; flower; harvest; oil; varieties; yield
• Occurrence of clubroot and Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. races in Finland by Linnasalmi, Annikki; Toiviainen, Anneli (1991) - Samples of galls from the various cultivars affected withclubroot were taken for the anal- ysis of P. brassicae races. A preliminary report on the occurrence of P. brassicae races determined in the present study was presented at the Brassica conference 1981 (Linnasalmi and Toiviainen 1981). Keywords: brassicae; brassicae races; cabbage; cauliflower; clubroot; code; differential; ecd; faales; finland; host; isolates; material; occurrence; plant; plasmodiophora; races; samples; species; test; williams
• Finnish agriculture in European integration: A firm level approach by Kola, Jukka; Marttila, Juha; Niemi, Jyrki (1992) - The key factor in the adaptation process would be the overall structural adjustment in terms of production costs, development of farm size, internal and external comparative advantage, and regional reallocation of resources. However, the application of the CAP would be difficult due to the high level of producer prices and production costs in Finland. Keywords: adjustment; agriculture; average; costs; farms; feed; fim; finland; finnish; level; milk; pig; price; production
• A perspective for setting the research priorities for the productivity of future crop production in Finland by Peltonen, Jari (1992) - Chemical composition, yield productivity (grams ofbiomass per gram ofphotosynthate), and nitrogen requirements (milligrams ofN per gram ofphotosynthate) for crop yield of 19 crop species. The author proposes that future research work on crop production should concentrate on alleviating the problems associated with overwintering and frost, early summer drought and rainy autumn in order to enhance the competitiveness of field crop pro- duction in Finland. Keywords: agric; crop; finland; oats; peltonen; production; productivity; protein; yield
• Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Behrens (Tylenchida, Heteroderidae), the only potato cyst nematode species found in Finland by Heikkilä, Jari; Tiilikkala, Kari (1992) - About 10 000 soil samples, 519 thereof infected with potato cyst nematode (PCN), were studied during 1984-1988. Identification ofpatho- types of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) collected from infected private gardens. Keywords: cyst; finland; focusing; globodera; identification; isoelectric; nematode; pallida; potato; rostochiensis; samples; species
• Effect of road traffic on heavy metal concentrations of plants by Yläranta, Toivo (1995) - Mean dry matter yield (g/plot or pot) and heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg of dry matter) of lettuce at various distances from the roads at Nurmijärvi and Jokioinen in 1987. Mean dry matter yield (g/plot or pot) and heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg of dry matter) of spring wheat grain and straw at various distances from the roads at Nurmijärvi and Jokioinen in 1987. Keywords: cadmium; concentrations; copper; deposition; finland; lead; metal; nickel; plants; plots; road; soil; traffic; yield; zinc
• Effect of soil compactness on the growth and quality of carrot by Pietola, Liisa (1995) - These results imply high wetness in soil profiles, especially for the clay and fine sand soils, when treated, which was cru- cial for maximum and more uniform soil com- pressibility. In 1991, after a very cool May and July, the season was warm and carotenes in mull soil carrots almost reached the level report- ed for fine sand. Keywords: 1989; area; bulk; carrot; clay soil; cm cm; compacted; conditions; content; das; density; depth; dry; effect; field; fig; fine; finland; g cm; growth; irrigation; loosening; mechanical; mull soil; n.s; passes; plant; quality; root; root growth; root length; sampling; sand; size; soil; soil air; soil compaction; soil compactness; soil conditions; soil depth; soil moisture; soil science; soil soil; soil water; surface; tap root; tractor; treatments; weight; wheel
• Position Dependent Control (PDC) of plant production by Haapala, Hannu E. S. (1995) - Besides these there are local satellite positioning systems, e.g. Starfix that operates in the U.S. continent (Ott 1988). Larsson (1990, 79) thinks that sensor development is crucial for the development of crop production systems. Keywords: accuracy; agricultural; areas; changes; control; control system; coordinate; crop; cross; data; dgps; differential; direction; distance; edge; effect; error; et al; fig; finland; function; gps; haapala; information; input; length; level; line; location; management; map; measurement; meters; methods; model; navigation; need; optimum; output; pdc; plant; pls; point; positioning; positioning accuracy; positioning system; production; production system; receiver; reference; requirements; research; resolution; results; sample; sampling; satellite; science; setpoints; simulation; soil; specific; system; table; targeting; test; time; transfer; use; values; variable; variation; vehicle; vol; working; world; yield
• Selenium concentration of Finnish foods: Effects of reducing the amount of selenate in fertilizers by Ekholm, Päivi; Ylinen, Maija; Koivistoinen, Pekka; Varo, Pertti (1995) - Although the range of Se concentrations in foodstuffs had re- © Agricultural Science in Finland Manuscript received December 1994 377 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN EINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=AJqBMdrDlSCU1Onn.MuNVaLEgz_gm3SqBoCSt9Q.otroVkcuMvAKkemSgmdmgf5-zzeijn6u17A43AatHJpfe970Pni3pXtp6kBC9WqjRvW9rwuGnlRrX9sRneA0B09iwzuxJGDlU8sXU3HLI7c8Y-ovOyRquVhWT5Y41scnpXxOSgAM-5gfwXZaeCMCMYjOSu9e6a6WOziFZ88NtXH5LvDbzMnfIOwvSQpy2mjZf60dAOIb3iZiN6bKD0wd4wMeaQOWUQSSLngTzlxJ-YBk3KFukeeF8rcE-23wvCBMz-fuDtyUMwYigw11XiTNEb2X6Kc8GJeciYqcJb1K7O_PlR4WAq3Q8qG_v6mXFCcocJwMCAo_5OoYAQ Ekholm, P. et al.: Se concentrations have declined in all Finn- ish agricultural products since 1991. Keywords: concentrations; fertilizers; finland; intake; level; milk; selenium
• Sugars and organic acids in clones and cultivars of arctic bramble and hybrid. Sensory evaluation of juices and jellies by Häkkinen, Sari; Kokko, Harri; Kärenlampi, Sirpa; Paasisalo, Sirpa (1995) - The sums of malic and citric acid contents (Table 1) were highest in arctic bramble clones 057 (2.4 g/100 g) and 096 (2.1 g/100 g), and low- est in clone 212 (1.0 g/100 g). In our study, organic acid con- tents in arctic bramble cultivars and clones ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 g/100 g, and these results agree well with those ofKallio et Keywords: acid; arctic; arcticus; berries; bramble; clones; cultivars; finland; g/100; juices; rubus; sucrose; sugars
• Annual variations in the microflora of some varieties of Finnish malting barley by Tuomi, Tapani; Rosenqvist, Heikki (1995) - Analysis of lAA The lAA content of barley grain was analysed according to the method described by Tuomi and Rosenqvist (1995). Microbes on barley grains. Keywords: bacteria; barley; counts; cultivars; finland; fungi; grain; kymppi; laa; malting; plant; science; species
• Effect of seed dressing treatment of Streptomyces griseoviridis on barley and spring wheat in field experiments by Tahvonen, Risto; Hannukkala, Asko; Avikainen, Hanna (1995) - In experi- ments in which seed naturally infested with Fusarium spp. was used, seed treatment with 5. griseo- viridis increased yields of wheat but not those of barley. Biocontrol agent and seed treatments The S. griseoviridis used as a biocontrol agent in all studies was originally isolated from Finn- ish peat (Tahvonen 1982). Keywords: barley; control; crop; experiments; finland; root; seed; soil; streptomyces; treatment; wheat; yield
• Benefit of using plant growth regulators in fodder barley by Erviö, Leila; Jalli, Heikki; Kontturi, Markku; Hakkola, Heikki; Kangas, Arjo; Simojoki, Paavo (1995) - The objectives of this study were to develop a method for predicting lodging at early stages of barley growth, to examine the effect of PGRs on preventing lodging, and on yield and yield components of early spring barley cultivars in different environments. Profitability of using PGRs The profitability of growth regulator treatments depended on the amount, quality and price of the grain yield and the price of the PGR used. Keywords: 1985; agricultural; barley; ccc; ethephon; finland; growth; lodging; mepiquat; plant; treatments; yield
• Abundance, species composition and daily pattern of bees visiting field bean, goat’s rue and turnip rape in southern Finland by Varis, Anna-Liisa (1995) - Abundance, species composition and daily pattern of bees visiting field bean, goat’s rue and turnip rape in southern Finland Anna-Liisa Varis Department ofApplied Zoology, P.0.80x 27, FIN-00014 University ofHelsinki, Finland Visits of honeybees(Apis mellifera L.) and bumblebees (Bombas spp.) to flowers of field bean (Vida faba L.), goat’s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) Keywords: bean; field; finland; goat; honeybees; rape; rue; turnip
• Erosivity factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation estimated from Finnish rainfall data by Posch, Maximilian; Rekolainen, Seppo (1993) - Since breakpoint rainfall data is not always avail- able, Lombardi (1979) (see also Richardson et al. 1983) presented a simple power-law linking daily precipitation amount z and rainfall erosivity El: (5) EI =azb In the USLE El has to be in units of (100 ft- tonsf/acre)(in/h), and values of a=B.o and b= 1.51 were derived by regression analysis from 2700 data points from the United States, and these values are also coded in the CREAMS model. Continuous rainfall data recorded for many years at 8 stations in Finland were used to estimate rainfall erosivity, a quantity needed for soil loss predictions with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Keywords: data; erosivity; fig; finland; loss; parameters; rainfall; soil; stations; values
• Agronomical and phytochemical investigation of Hyssopus officinalis by Galambosi, Bertalan; Svoboda, Katerina P.; Deans, Stanley G.; Hethelyi, Eva (1993) - Azob hyssop hyssop hyssop hyssop hyssop Total fresh (kg/m! ) 1 year old 1.12 1.57 0.51 1.24 1.94 2 year old 1.58 1.73 1.14 2.16 2.77 3 year old 2.23 2.22 1.37 2.52 3.24 Dry leaf (kg/m2 ) 1 year old 0.16 0.18 0.06 0.14 0.26 2 year old 0.21 0.19 0.16 0.22 0.30 3 year old 0.26 0.25 0.19 0.25 0.36 Herb yield The results of the plant weights presented in Table 2 show significant variability between the sources. These facts could partially explain the variability of individual oil components Table 8, Antibacterial properties of hyssop volatile oil (inhibition zone diameter in mm; diameter of well, 4 mm, included). Keywords: blue; finland; hyssop; hyssopus; officinalis; oil; plants; seed; table; varieties; weight; white; year; yield
• Winterhardiness of some winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), rye (Secale cereale), triticale (x Triticosecale) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars tested at six locations in Finland by Hömmö, Leena; Pulli, Seppo (1993) - The negative but not significant correlation be- tween survival percentage and growth habit, and the highly significant positive correlation between amount of snow mould damage and erect growth habit of winter wheat varieties indicates that pros- trate growth habit might be more beneficial for the winter survival of winter wheat (Table 5). The variation was greater among winter wheat and winter barley varieties than among the rye and triticale varieties (Fig. 2). Keywords: differences; finland; group; growth; jokioinen; mould; results; rye; snow; survival; table; trials; triticale; varieties; winter; winter barley; winter survival; winter wheat
• Numeric codes for developmental stages of oat apex in the growing conditions of Southern Finland by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pekkala, Tiina (1993) - Numeric codes for developmental stages of oat apex in the growing conditions of Southern Finland Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio and Tiina Pekkala Peltonen-Sainio, P. & Pekkala, T. 1993.Numeric codes for developmental stages of oat apex in the growing conditions of Southern Finland. Daylength markedly affects the rate of apex organogenesis and, hence, numeric codes for developmental stages of apices introduced for lower latitudes cannot be used in Finland without modifying them into a ratio scale. Keywords: agric; apex; barley; cdd; codes; development; finland; oat; oats; stages
• Macro- and microelement concentrations of Finnish timothy in 1974 and 1987 by Mäkelä-Kurtto, Ritva; Erviö, Raimo; Sippola, Jouko (1993) - Means and ranges of mineral element concentrations of timothy samples (n = 403) in 1987 and mean differences from 1974. Harmful elements Between 1974 and 1987, there were no changes in the mean A 1 and Ni concentrations of timothy samples (Table 2) or soil samples (Erviö et al. 1990). Keywords: agric; concentrations; erviö; finland; mean; mineral; plants; samples; soils; timothy
• Erwinia carotovora contamination of Finnish seed potatoes and the prevalence of bacterial subspecies and serogroups by Harju, Pirkko; Kankila, Jyrki (1993) - Serogroups of Erwinia carotovora potato strains determined with dif- fusible somatic antigens. I 1983 281 312 90 1984 597 650 92 1985 193 346 56 1987 102 111 92 1988 74 85 87 33 45 73 Total 1054 1158 91.0 226 391 57.8 Discussion Recontamination of healthy seed potato stocks with E. carotovora occurred typically during the second field propagation. Keywords: blackleg; carotovora; contamination; eca; erwinia; finland; isolates; potato; seed; serogroup; stem; stocks
• Polyene production of antagonistic Streptomyces species isolated from Sphagnum peat by Raatikainen, Olavi; Tuomisto, Jouko; Tahvonen, Risto; Rosenqvist, Heikki (1993) - Finl. 2 (1993) Culture conditions and extraction procedures for HPLC Eight suppressive and four non-suppressive isolates were grown at 28°C for 96 h in 10 ml test tubes containing 2 ml YMG medium (yeast extract:malt extracl:glucose, 1% each, pH 7.4) for the assess- ment of the production of heptaene polyene. Chemical characterization of heptaenes The UV spectrum of the antibiotic was typical of heptaene polyenes, showing characteristic absorp- tion maxima at approximately 360,380 and400 nm (Fig. 1). Keywords: activity; agar; agric; antibiotic; components; finland; heptaene; hplc; isolates; polyene; production; streptomyces; suppressive
• Weed infestation and factors affecting weed incidence in spring cereals in Finland - a multivariate approach by Salonen, Jukka (1993) - Detailed information of the sur- vey and the occurrence of weed species has been given by Erviö and Salonen (1987). Key to abbreviations Weed species: ACHSS = Achillea spp., AGRRE = Elymus repens, AVEFA = Avena falua, BRSSS = Brassica spp., BRSRO = Brassica rapa ssp. Keywords: agric; analysis; biomass; cca; crop; data; factors; fields; fig; finland; ordination; soil; species; spp; weed; weed species
• Reducing herbicide use in spring cereal production by Salonen, Jukka (1993) - The average reduction of weed biomassby herbicide treatmentwas 75%. Even lower herbicide doses were often adequate, depending on the herbicide, weed species and the crop. Keywords: agric; analysis; application; arvensis; average; barley; cereals; changes; chemical weed; composition; conf; crop; crop yield; data; der; dose; effect; efficacy; erviö; ewrs; experiments; factors; fields; fig; finland; fluroxypyr; growth; herbicide; herbicide application; herbicide doses; herbicide use; low; mcpa; mecoprop; number; ordination; plots; proc; production; prot; rates; research; results; salonen; sei; soil; spp; spraying; spring; spring barley; spring cereals; spring wheat; table; total; trials; use; weed; weed biomass; weed communities; weed control; weed densities; weed density; weed flora; weed growth; weed infestation; weed management; weed populations; weed res; weed research; weed seedlings; weed species; weed survey; weed vegetation; wheat; years; yield
• Leisure and farmers’ welfare in changing conditions by Kola, Jukka; Sihvola, Sanna (1994) - When the number of farms decreases and diver- sity in the needs for relief services increases, a local, multipurpose enterprise could be the most efficient and flexible in meeting the changing de- mand offarmers for relief services. Quantities of relief services demanded and supplied and changes in surpluses of farmers and service suppliers at different price levels in the system of reformed relief services. Keywords: days; demand; farmers; fim; finland; holiday; income; leisure; price; relief; relief services; services; state; supply; system; welfare
• Testing the modified CREAMS/GLEAMS model for pesticide concentration in soil by Salo, Simo; Posch, Maximilian; Rekolainen, Seppo (1994) - Testing the modified CREAMS/ GLEAMS model for pesticide concentration in soil. In the top Icm layer, which solely contributes to runoff, the concentration for low Koc values is close to zero already after a few months due to the first major runoff events and infiltration to lower soil layers. Keywords: adsorption; concentration; days; finland; layer; model; pesticide; runoff; soil; water
• The rate of technical change in Finnish agriculture, 1960 to 1990 by Sims, Eric N. (1994) - The rate of technical change in Finnish agriculture, 1960 to 1990 Eric N. Sims Sims, E. N. 1994. The rate of technical change in Finnish agriculture, 1960 to 1990. Keywords: agriculture; change; cost; finland; function; index; input; output; production; total
• The influence of fertilization and environment on some nutritionally important quality criteria in vegetables - a review of research in the Nordic countries by Evers, Aino-Maija (1994) - The dry matter and vitamin C contents were higher in biodynamically cultivated potatoes than in conventionally cultivated potatoes (Petters- son 1982). It is obvious that yield, dry mat- ter content and vitamin C content are interrelated and they should be considered together. Keywords: acid; ascorbic; carotene; carotene content; carrot; content; effects; fertilization; fibre; finland; matter; nitrate; nitrogen; plant; research; science; vegetables; vitamin
• Growth duration and above-ground dry-matter partitioning in oats by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo (1994) - Key words: Avena saliva L., development, grain yield, phytomass, harvest index Introduction A short growing season and the consequent de- mand for early maturing cultivars are the main factors limiting productivity of annual small grains grown in Finland. The results from this study indicated that cul- tivars that have a short grain-filling period had high rates of panicle and grain filling, which re- sulted in increased HI (Table 1) but had no effect on grain yield. Keywords: dvs; filling; finland; grain; growth; panicle; period
• Effects of fenvalerate and permethrin on soil arthropods and on residues in and decomposition of barley straw by Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Kurppa, Sirpa; Pihlava, Juha-Matti (1994) - The rate of decomposition was slightly higher in sandy soil than in organic soil, but the same on tilled and non-tilled plots. No fenvalerate and permethrin residues were detected in soil samples taken after harvest. Keywords: control; decomposition; fenvalerate; finland; insecticide; permethrin; plots; residues; samples; science; soil; straw; treatment
• A simple and inexpensive method for producing and maintaining closed pot cultures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by Walker, Christopher; Vestberg, Mauritz (1994) - In one, pot culture substrate was mixed throughout the new substrate in the pot, or placed in a layer beneath the point of sowing or seedling trans- plantation. The inoculum consisted of pot culture substrate con- taining colonised strawberry roots, spores, and hyphae. Keywords: cultures; finland; fungi; growth; mycorrhizal; pot; pots; sand; spore; substrate; water
• Demand for food products in Finland: A demand system approach by Laurila, Ilkka P. (1994) - Category Price change related to group Price change related to general price index price index (price of Private Consumption) Price option Price option 1960-91 1980-91 Structural 1960-91 1980-91 Structural trend trend change trend trend change Food-at-Home -4 Since food prices are strongly affected by ag- ricultural and tradepolicies and taxation, the anal- ysis of price effects can be seen as a policy anal- ysis, where the estimated demand system was used as an instrument to gather information on the effects of policy changes. Keywords: agricultural; aids; alcoholic; analysis; away; budget; butter; carcase; change; consumer; consumption; consumption expenditure; dairy; data; demand; demand analysis; demand elasticities; demand functions; demand system; drinks; example; expenditure; expenditure elasticity; expenditure function; finland; fish; food; food consumption; food demand; food products; good; group; group expenditure; group price; home; increase; level; meat; meat demand; meat products; milk; model; number; parameters; period; price; price change; price elasticities; price option; products; science; separability; share; study; table; test; time; total; utility; values; variables; year
• Soil properties affecting weed distribution in spring cereal and vegetable fields by Erviö, Raimio; Hyvärinen, Seppo; Erviö, Leila-Riitta; Salonen, Jukka (1994) - Key words: Finnish fields, soil type, soil pH, soil organic matter content, soil extractable calcium Introduction A study was carried out in 1982 - 1984 to deter- mine the occurrence of weeds in Finnish spring cereals (Erviö and Salonen 1987) and vegetable fields. mineral soils soils mineral soils soils soils soils Chenopodium album L. 1 18 26 8 56 74 14 2.32 6.2* 2.1b 8.4* 4.8* 1.6b Elymus repens (L.) Gould 18 2 8 23 7 6 1.6* 0.5 b 1.2» 2.5» 0.8b 0.7 b Erysium cheiranthoides L. 16 4 9 9 3 2 I.l* 0.7 b 0.9*b 1.7* 1.0*b 0.9b Fallopio convolvulus (L.) Love 3 7 2 4 13 0.9 b 1.7* 0.8 b 0.6 b 0.5 b 1.5» Galeopsis spp, L. 8 17 25 5 4 12 2.0b 3.6“ 3.4* l.0b 0.9b 2.0* Galium spp. Keywords: arvensis; fields; finland; soil; species; spp; weed
• Copper in cultivated soils of Finland by Yli-Halla, Markku (1994) - 1 Soil class and Bulk density 2 Cu Cu Cu Cu Cuc„_.J tot py ox res EDTAnumber of samples kg dnr’ 489 Agricultural Science in Finland 3 (1994) Table 3, Copper extracted with pyrophosphate (Cu py ) and oxalate (Cu ox) as well as residual Cu (Cu res ) as percent- ages of total Cu. 1 CuSoil class Cu Cu resPV % of total Cu Clay mean Keywords: clay; edta; finland; fractions; mineral; soils
• Input substitution and technological development on Finnish dairy farms for 1965-1991: Empirical application on bookkeeping dairy farms by Ryhänen, Matti (1994) - Note, that as elasticities of cost function with respect to input prices we can write dlnQw.yVdlnw, = 3C(w,y)wj/dw JC(w,y) - W|Xj(w,y)/C(w,y) = S,(w,y). Cost function studies Binswanger (1974) estimated the elasticities of input demand and elasticities of substitution in agriculture in the United States, utilizing the trans- log cost function. Keywords: adjustment cost; agriculture; approach; average; capital; case; change; cost flexibility; cost function; cost share; cost theory; costs; dairy farms; data; demand; demand elasticities; development; economics; elasticities; elasticity; equation; farm data; farm size; feed; fertilizers; finland; function study; functions; group; input prices; input substitution; inputs; items; labour; level; means; milk production; model; number; output; panel data; parameters; period; price; price elasticities; production economics; production function; production inputs; production possibility; production technology; profit function; representative; research; research period; results; run; scale; science; series; set; shares; size; studies; study; substitution; technical; time; translog cost; use; values
• Resistance of winter cereals to various winter stress factors - inter- and intraspecific variation and the role of cold acclimation by Hömmö, Leena Maarit (1994) - Huner et al. (1989) and Hurry et al. (1993b) also reported that winter wheat cultivars developed a greater resistance to photoinhibition 9 Agric. According to Fedulov et al. (1990), winter wheat cultivars differed from each other in their timing of gene action promoting freezing resistance in the course of the winter. Keywords: ability; acclimation; acid; apollo; barley cultivars; canadian; changes; cold; conditions; conductivity; content; correlation; cultivars; damage; differences; et al; field; field trials; finland; fowler; freezing; frost; frost resistance; growth; hardening; hardiness; injury; jokioinen; journal; leaf; leaves; linna; membrane; method; mould resistance; nivale; period; plants; plasma; resistance; results; rye cultivars; rye varieties; snow mould; species; study; table; temperature; test; tolerance; trials; triticale; varieties; wheat cultivars; wheat varieties; winter barley; winter cereals; winter conditions; winter hardiness; winter period; winter rye; winter stress; winter survival; winter wheat; winterhardiness
• Arrangement of experiments for simulating the effects of elevated temperatures and elevated CO2 levels on field-sown crops in Finland by Hakala, Kaija; Mela, Timo; Laurila, Heikki; Kaukoranta, Timo (1996) - The temperature of the other part of the field (open field) was not elevated, but the field was covered with the same plastic film as the greenhouse to achieve radiation and rainfall conditions comparable to those in the greenhouse. Effective temperature sum (ETS) vs. days after sowing (DAS) of spring cereals at elevated temperatures (green- house) and at ambient temperatures (open field) in 1992. Keywords: agricultural; air; ambient; c02; chambers; field; finland; food; greenhouse; levels; otc; science; temperatures
• Resistance to potato virus A and potato virus Y in potato cultivars grown in Finland by Valkonen, Jari P. T.; Palohuhta, Jukka P. (1996) - The strains of PVA infecting potatoes in Finland have not been systematically grouped according to the strain group concept for PVA (Valkonen et al. 1995). Resistance to potato virus A and potato virus Y in potato cultivars grown in Finland Jari RT. Keywords: cultivars; finland; graft; potato; pva; pvy; resistance; virus
• Northern agriculture: constraints and responses to global climate change by Mela, Timo J. N. (1996) - In North America, fields extend to about 55°N, In Asia, there are few fields north of 60°N. Finland is the most northern agricultural country in the world, with all its field area, about 2.5 million hectares, located north of latitude 60°N. Changes in the climate and atmospheric C0 2 predicted for the future are likely to have a strong influence, either beneficial or disadvantageous, on the conditions for growth in northern areas where the annual mean temperature is 5°C or less. Changes in climate Predicted changes in climate as a result of the increasing content of so-called greenhouse gas- es, carbon dioxide (C02 ), methane (CH4 ), nitrous oxide (N,O), tropospheric ozone (O,) and halo- carbons could have an important influence on the conditions for growth in northern areas. Keywords: agriculture; climate; crops; finland; increase; northern; season; temperature; zone
• Monitoring and predicting crop growth and analysing agricultural ecosystems by remote sensing by Akiyama, Tsuyoshi; Inoue, Y.; Shibayama, M.; Awaya, Y.; Tanaka, N. (1996) - Creation of cropping map using Landsat TM data. Estimation of organic matter contents of upland soils with Landsat TM data. Keywords: akiyama; arctic; crop; data; finland; japan; landsat; rice; satellite; science; sensing; vegetation; yield
• Potential economic effects of climate change on Finnish agriculture by Kettunen, Lauri (1996) - From the economic point of view an increase in yield level is highly significant, because the increase in costs remains quite small, A 10% increase in the yield level raises the farm income by about 6%. These results can be easily applied for any specific scenario which may be available after further studies on yield levels. Keywords: change; climate; costs; economic; effects; finland; increase; level; prices; production; yield
• Developing scenarios of atmosphere, weather and climate for northern regions by Carter, Timothy R. (1996) - Applying scenarios in impact assessment Several alternative methods exist for applying climate change scenarios in impact studies. Key words', climate change, temperature, precipitation, carbon dioxide, sea-level, uncertainty, base- line, Finland ntroduction One of the major constraints on agriculture in northern high latitude regions is climate. Keywords: agricultural; change; climate; climate change; estimates; finland; forcing; future; gcms; mean; model; precipitation; scenarios; silmu; temperature
• Modelling growth and nitrogen balance of barley under ambient and future conditions by Kleemola, Jouko; Karvonen, Tuomo (1996) - Model simulations of soil temperature and of snow accumulation and melting were also studied. The cali- bration and validation results showed that the model performed well in simulating snow dynamics, soil temperature, the growth of barley, and the response of crop growth to N fertilization under present conditions. Keywords: conditions; crop; data; fertilization; finland; growth; increase; model; nitrogen; present; snow; soil; temperature; water
• Impact of global warming on potato late blight: risk, yield loss and control by Kaukoranta, Timo (1996) - The impact of climate warming on yield losses caused by potato late blight and on the need for disease control was studied by constructing models for timing late blight epidemics and a model of potato growth constrained by late blight. In this study, robust models have been de- veloped to estimate the impact of global warm- ing on yield losses caused by potato late blight and to time the planting and emergence of pota- to and the outbreak of the epidemic. Keywords: agricultural; blight; days; emergence; finland; growth; matter; model; outbreak; potato; science; temperature; warming; yield
• Assessing the risks and uncertainties of regional crop potential under a changing climate in Finland by Carter, Timothy R.; Saarikko, Riitta A.; Niemi, Kai J. (1996) - We demonstrate, for the first time, the application of crop models over a reg- ulargrid to evaluate changes not only in the mean but also the variability of regional crop poten- tial. Climate change impact on crop yield potentials and water use. Keywords: agricultural; baseline; carter; change; climate; crop; data; figure; finland; food; growth; model; potential; scenario; science; silmu; soil; temperature; yields
• Carbon dioxide evolution from snow-covered agricultural ecosystems in Finland by Koizumi, Hiroshi; Kontturi, Markku; Mariko, Shigeru; Mela, Timo (1996) - These results suggest that the snow insulates the soil thermally, allowing C0 2 production to continue at soil temperatures slightly above freezing in the winter. Budgets assume that microorgan- isms and plant roots in snow-covered soils stop respiring and so there is no evolution of C02 from the snow surface when soil temperatures drop to around O°C (Steudler et al. 1989, Bouw- Carbon dioxide is the primary gas involved in the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received June 1996 421 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=x4X3QP-MKCkL--gw.yATl03h3s2X2siiDkFCztw.qX1ziFPiDQ0KQPHG7MBF8COcniN4e_sqYgcGQwSLg-kGdl_JwXrmuEXMrv933MywdDB0kmO7WHnP2WSp5WFi0JgKmw512k10W5NZndV-XTui0y0DhPs4re4SIFRmN_3zx_idLoEsF-JNhGShVFmdy4lyuwEg3Q_7o7-3XIQNUzDDac6v7TgYYlyGZyS1LKpb3nKpdKvz0YSPDXoCVnd_XMizgSnf5IE0w8O6ayodWufXItmRXGbEvwL3QcXXL1Ss6wXRWrjQCCVqP-llHHbD9P6uhZYBc1J66-0aLEwb2pZT-_mKRY4OEiMEIvCVLeUc6IA Koizumi, Keywords: agricultural; air; c02; carbon; evolution; finland; method; snow; soil; winter
• Yield reduction caused by a soil-borne disease of naked, dwarf, and conventional oat in Finland by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Valkonen, Jari P. T.; Koponen, Hilkka (1996) - Therefore, it is concluded that the ob- served growth reduction and death of oat plants 480 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Vol. 5 (1996): 475^183. d ' mgd' Salomon C 2.69 1.63 1.06 39.4 23.5 45 36.0 0.81 F 2.39 1.42 0.97 40.3 24.2 40 31.4 0.78 Pai C 2.01 0.96 1.06 52.6 31.2 34 42.0 1.24 F 1.68 0.83 0.85 50.4 31.3 27 31.3 1.15 Conventional C 2.34 1.23 1.11 47.7 28.5 39 41.1 1.06 F 1.91 0.96 0.95 49.0 29.6 32 32.6 1.03 ±.E. C 0.08 0.06 0.03 1.3 0.8 1 1.5 0.04 F 0.08 0.06 0.03 1.1 0.8 1 1.2 0.03 # C, control; F, experiment with severe Fusarium infection was primarily due to the root and foot disease caused by soil-borne Fusarium , and the foliar symptoms were attributed to other fungi which were capable of infecting oat plants stressed due to the root and foot damage caused by Fusari- um. Keywords: disease; dwarf; finland; grain; oat; pal; plants; salomon; symptoms; yield
• Embryo transfer technology and its use in enhancing dairy cattle breeding by Mäki-Tanila, Asko; Mäntysaari, Esa A. (1996) - The use of embryo transfer (ET) to improve the rate of female reproduction is not a recent innovation. Compiling the figures we can approximate that the MOET (multiple ovulation and embryo transfer) operation could yield an average of 10-15 conceptions or 5 to 7 female calves per selected donor per year. Keywords: bredbacka; breeding; cattle; embryo; finland; science
• Finnish embryo transfer breeding program “ASMO” description of the goals and a summary of the results of initial selection by Mäntysaari, Esa A.; Thuneberg-Selonen, Terhi; Hyppänen, Kaija; Juga, Jarmo (1996) - The relative weights of traits were such that equal importance was assigned to protein % and protein yield. Their mean estimated breeding values (EBVs) were +0.13 for protein % and -0.18 for fat % compared with the genetic base of progeny tested sires born in 1986-1988, and the protein yield EBVs were 12 kg above the genetic base. Keywords: asmo; breeding; bulls; cows; embryos; fat; finland; finnish; index; milk; nucleus; protein; scheme; selection
• GIS analysis of change in an agriculture landscape in Central Finland by Ruuska, Riitta; Helenius, Juha (1996) - At the same time, the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity of agricultural landscape elements dropped from 0.37 to 0.24. The decrease in the length ofopen field ditch- es in relation to field area was 426 m/ha in the study area. Keywords: analysis; area; change; diversity; elements; field; finland; landscape; linear; period; size; study; use
• The transfer of 137Cs through the soil-plant-sheep food chain in different pasture ecosystems by Paasikallio, Arja; Sormunen-Cristian, Riitta (1996) - Half of it was forest pasture (natural pasture) with Table 1. Natural pasture refers to forest pasture and serai-natural pas- ture to set-aside field pasture, the latter having been under cultivation about 15 years ago. Keywords: 137cs; activity; aside; concentration; field; finland; food; forest; meat; pasture; plant; science; semi; set; sheep; soil; table; transfer
• Occurrence of common scab in potato tubers after foliar treatment with glycinebetaine under glasshouse conditions by Tuomola, Elina; Rita, Hannu; Kuisma, Paavo; Somersalo, Susanne; Pehu, Eija; Jokinen, Kari; Valkonen, Jari P. T. (1996) - p. Doering-Saad, C., Kämpfer, P., Manulis, S., Kritzman, G., Schneider, J., Zakrzewska - Czerwinska, J., Schrempf, H. & Barash, 1. 1992.Diversity among Strep- tomyces strains causing potato scab. Influence of soil moisture and acidity on the development of potato scab. Keywords: finland; incidence; matilda; plants; potato; sabina; scab; treatment; tubers
• Jenkka and Jatsi, two new red raspberry cultivars by Dalman, Pirjo; Hiirsalmi, Heimo; Hietaranta, Tarja; Linna, Minna-Maria (1997) - SELOSTUS Uudet suomalaiset vadelmalajikkeet Jenkka ja Jatsi Pirjo Dalman, Heimo Hiirsalmi, Tarja Hietaranta ja Minna-Maria Linna Maatalouden tutkimuskeskus Kaksi uutta vadelmalajiketta Jenkka ja Jatsi on las- kettu viljelyyn Maatalouden tutkimuskeskuksen mar- jakasvien jalostusohjelman tuloksena. Verrannelajikkeina olivat Muskoka, Heisa ja Ville sekä vuodesta 1990 lähtien myös Ottava. Keywords: cultivars; finland; fruit; jatsi; jenkka; kuin; muskoka; ottawa; raspberry; ville
• Universally primed polymerase chain reaction analysis of Fusarium avenaceum isolated from wheat and barley in Finland by Yli-Mattila, Tapani; Mironenko, Nina V.; Alekhina, Irina A.; Hannukkala, Asko; Bulat, Sergey A. (1997) - No clear correlation was found between the groups and host plant preference or the geographic origin of F. avenaceum isolates. Pathogenicity tests showed differences between F. avenaceum isolates, but two isolates, one from wheat and the other from bar- ley, were the most aggressive in wheat and barley. Keywords: analysis; avenaceum; barley; finland; fusarium; isolates; mattila; pcr; primers; rapd; root; wheat; yli
• Drought response of modern and old oat lines in greenhouse and long-term field trials by Mäkelä, Pirjo; Väärälä, Leena; Rajalahti, Riikka; Rajala, Ari; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo (1997) - Old oat lines tended to be least able to maintain high water content during early stages ofdrought, but according to discriminant analy- sis there were no differences between modern and old lines subsequently (see exps 1 and 2 in Fig. 2). This study compares the response of old (released before 19705) and modern oat lines to pre-anthesis pre- cipitation in long-term field trials and to pre- and post-anthesis drought simulated in the green- house. Keywords: drought; experiments; field; finland; grain; greenhouse; lines; oat; response; trials
• Farmers’ exposure to dusts and gases in modern Finnish cubicle cow houses by Louhelainen, Kyösti; Kangas, Juhani; Reiman, Marjut; Kalliokoski, Pentti (1997) - Thermophilic actin- omycetes, which have been considered to be causative agents of farmer’s lung, were found on only a few occasions and in low concentrations compared withearlier findings on Finnish farms (Kotimaa et al. 1984). Total concentrations of dust in the air during farm work. Keywords: ammonia; concentrations; cow; dust; et al; exposure; farmers; feeding; finland; fungi; houses; mean; milking; parlors; sampling; total
• Sustainability - a challenge to animal production and breeding by Torp-Donner, Heidi; Juga, Jarmo (1997) - In: Biological basis of sustainable animal production. In: Biological basis of sustainable animal production. EAAP Publication No. 67. Keywords: animal; aspects; breeding; breeds; conservation; costs; finland; food; goals; livestock; population; production; science; selection; sustainability; traits
• DNA fingerprinting demonstrates extremely low levels of genetic variation among blackberry cultivars grown in Finland by Antonius, Kristiina; Werlemark, Gun; Nybom, Hilde (1997) - Minisatellite DNA “fingerprints” can distinguish Rubus cultivars and estimate their degree of relatedness. This level of inter-cultivar differentiation is of the same magnitude as that previously re- ported among blackberry cultivars (Nybom et al. 1989, Nybom and Hall 1991). Keywords: accessions; antonius; blackberry; cultivars; dna; fingerprints; finland; majestät; nybom; rubus
• Classification of acid sulphate soils of Finland according to Soil Taxonomy and the FAO/Unesco legend by Yli-Halla, Markku (1997) - Key words: FAO/Unesco Soil Map of the World, pedogenesis, soil morphology, soil pH, soil survey, Soil Taxonomy, sulphur content ntroduction Acid sulphate soils (a.s. soils) are soils in which, “as a result of processes of soil formation, sul- phuric acid either will be produced, is being pro- duced or has been produced in amounts that have a lasting effect on main soil characteristics” (Pons 1973).A more quantitative criterion, need- ed for soil classification, has been presented, e.g. by van Mensvoort and Dent (1997): In a.s. soils, enough sulphuric acid is produced to bring soil pH below 4. Classification of acid sulphate soils of Finland according to Soil Taxonomy and the FAO/Unesco legend Markku Yli-Halla Agricultural Research Centre ofFinland, Institute ofResource Management, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: markku.yli-halla@mtt.fi In order to place acid sulphate soils (a.s. soils) of Finland in an international context, five pedons from cultivated a.s. soils from Liminka, Ylistaro and Laitila on the western coast of Finland were analyzed and classified according to Soil Taxonomy and the revised legend of the FAO/Unesco Soil Map of the World. Keywords: a.s; acid; fao; finland; horizon; laitila; liminka; pedon; soil; sulfuric; sulphate; unesco
• Effect of nitrogen fertilization, grass species and cultivar on sod production on Valkeasuo peat bog - a case study by Virkajärvi, Perttu; Huhta, Harri; Tuuri, Hannu (1997) - ‘Conni’ and ‘Rasti’, which had high green cover values al- ready with low N, reacted only weakly or not at all to the increased N. On the contrary, ‘Cyn- thia’ and ‘Näpsä’, which had a low green cover at low N, increased their green cover highly with increasing N levels. Rep- lication was considered a random effect where- as N fertilization as well as species/cultivar were considered fixed effects. Keywords: analysis; cover; cultivar; effect; fertilization; finland; mixture; nitrogen; peat; production; sod; species; values
• Effect of fertilization on soil phosphorus in a long-term field experiment in southern Finland by Jaakkola, Antti; Hartikainen, Helinä; Lemola, Riitta (1997) - To study the response of soil P to differentfertilization regimes in more detail, the changes in the various inorganic P fractions were investigated. The corrected annual P balances shouldbe 7 and 44 kg ha’ 1 as compared with changes in soil P reserves of -3 and 13 kg ha’ 1 a’ 1 for P ( and P2K, respectively. Keywords: experiment; fertilization; finland; hartikainen; phosphorus; science; soil; treatments; yield
• Viruses and their significance in agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland by Tapio, Eeva; Bremer, Katri; Valkonen, Jari P. T. (1997) - Significance of plant virus diseases in Finland The occurrence of plant virus diseases in Fin- land has been known for over 60 years (Liro 327 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND 1930, Rainio 1941,Brummer 1946, Jumalainen 1943, 1946). On plant virus diseases and viruslike diseas- es in Finland. Keywords: agricultural; annales; aphids; bremer; crops; diseases; fenniae; finland; finnish; kurppa; mosaic; plant; potato; science; table; tapio; vector; virus; viruses
• First report of Diuraphis (Holcaphis) frequens as a pest of wheat in Finland by Robinson, Jonathan (1997) - Identification and characterization of resistance to Russian wheat aphid in small-grain cereals: investigationsat CIMMYT, 1990-1992. Vioitusoireet, pitkittäiset kloroottiset juovat vahvasti kiertyneissä lehdissä, muistuttavat toisen vehnää vioittavan kirvan, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvil- ko), ‘Russian wheat aphid’, aiheuttamia oireita. Keywords: aphid; diuraphis; finland; frequens; wheat
• Quality of the ryegrass and lettuce yields as affected by selenium fertilization by Hartikainen, Helinä; Ekholm, Päivi; Piironen, Vieno; Xue, Tailin; Koivu, Terhi; Yli-Halla, Markku (1997) - The rest of the ground plant material was used to study the allocation of added Se into various compounds. In both plants, the utilization of added Se diminished at the highest fertiliza- tion level. Keywords: finland; gsh; lettuce; plants; ryegrass; science; selenium; sod
• Grain yield, net blotch and scald of barley in Finnish official variety trials by Robinson, Jonathan; Jalli, Marja (1997) - The effect of climatic factors on net blotch severity were also investigated. The genotype by site interac- tion for net blotch severity was not statistically significant, but that for yield was. Keywords: barley; blotch; data; disease; finland; genotypes; mean; net; scald; severity; terminal; yield
• Seasonal occurrence of Lygus bugs on field crops in Finland by Varis, Anna-Liisa (1997) - Seasonal occurrence of Lygus bugs on field crops in Finland Anna-Liisa Varis Department ofApplied Zoology, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland A long term survey ofLygus populations (Heteroptera, Miridae) was carried out on eight arable crops in southern Finland. Key words: cultivated plants, growing seasons, Heteroptera, Lygus rugulipennis, Miridae ntroduction Lygus bugs occur on numerous crop and weed plants throughout the world (Graham et al. 1984). Keywords: adults; bugs; crops; finland; lygus; numbers; species
• Climatic conditions for crop production in Nordic countries by Skjelvåg, Arne Oddvar (1998) - However, when we consider the total production potential as ex- pressed by GI, soil moisture conditions modify the above picture considerably. If we assume that the official performance test- ing of cultivars is an objective way of screening suitable plant material, these statistics clearly show the need for locally adapted plant material in marginal crop production areas. Keywords: agricultural; conditions; countries; crop; finland; growth; moisture; norway; production; radiation; season; soil; temperature
• Agricultural phosphorus and water quality: sources, transport and management by Sharpley, Andrew; Gburek, William; Heathwaite, Louise (1998) - 5. Effect of soil P on dissolved P concentration of surface runoff from several pasture catchments (adapted from Sharpley et al. 1996) and subsurface drainage from arable Broadbalk fields at Rothamsted, UK (adapted from Heckrath et al. 1995). With this approach, accounting for the interactions among soil P, land use and hy- drological characteristics of the catchment, it is possible to better target remedial programs to critical P source areas of the catchment. Keywords: areas; catchment; finland; flow; food; loss; management; manure; phosphorus; runoff; science; segment; soil; soil p; source; surface; surface runoff; transport; water
• Integrated environmental research and networking of economy and information in rural areas of Finland by Luostarinen, Matti (1998) - p. ja Yhteiskunnan oma suunnitteluideologia ja ideolo- gian historiallinen kehitysvaihe vaikuttavat ehkä mer- kittävimmin integroituun tutkimukseen ja sen yhteyk- siin verkostotalouden teoriaan. Keywords: agriculture; areas; development; economy; fig; finland; food; information; interest; knowledge; luostarinen; network; new; planning; process; projects; research; science; systems
• Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future by Carter, Timothy R. (1998) - First, the GSS, GSE, GSL (growing season length) and ETS were plotted at all sites and statistical anal- ysis was applied to the common period 1890- 1995 to determine possible trends in the data. This study is concerned with century-scale variations in growing season duration. Keywords: agricultural; century; change; climate; finland; food; lengthening; mean; period; scenarios; science; season; sites; spring; temperature; year
• Reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy and agriculture in Finland by Kola, Jukka (1998) - Uudistusvaihtoehtoja, joita ovat Agenda 2000:n mukainen uudistus ja CAP:n kansal- listaminen, tarkastellaan Suomen näkökulmasta. Explaining U.S. farm policy in 1996 and beyond; changes in party control and changing market conditions: discussion. Keywords: agenda; agricultural; budget; cap; commission; european; family; farm; finland; food; future; market; member; payments; policy; production; proposals; reform; scenario; science; states; support
• The key elements for genetic response in Finnish dairy cattle breeding by Juga, Jarmo; Voutilainen, Ulla (1998) - Multiple trait genetic evaluation of dairy cattle within and across country. A new era in dairy cattle genetic evaluation is the across country comparison, which gives more accura- cy to the import and export of superior semen, embryos and live animals and to joint breeding programmes between countries. Keywords: animal; breeding; cattle; countries; dairy; data; evaluation; finland; genetic; milk; production; response; science; selection; traits; values
• Supply of nutrients and productive responses in dairy cows given diets based on restrictively fermented silage by Huhtanen, Pekka (1998) - Although restricting grass in silo fermentation improves silage protein value, limited supply of glucose may limit the utilisation of amino acids. Silage DM intake is positively related to digest- ibility, although this relationship is not always so clear as with dried forages. Keywords: amino; concentrate; cows; dairy; day; diets; digestibility; effects; energy; et al; fermentation; finland; grass silage; huhtanen; intake; milk; production; protein; responses; rumen; science; silage; silage dm; supplementation; supply; yield
• The functional and biological properties of whey proteins: prospects for the development of functional foods by Korhonen, Hannu; Pihlanto-Leppälä, Anne; Rantamäki, Pirjo; Tupasela, Tuomo (1998) - Biologically functional peptides from food proteins: New Opioid peptides from milk proteins. Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins are also discussed in some detail. Keywords: bovine; colostrum; dairy; et al; finland; food; idf; journal; milk; peptides; processing; products; properties; proteins; science; whey; whey proteins
• The Nordic Gene Bank’s Prunus clone archive in Finland: I Local races of sour cherry by Palonen, Pauliina; Uosukainen, Marjatta; Laurinen, Eeva; Parikka, Päivi; Kankila, Jyri (1998) - In comparison with sour cherries from other Nordic countries, native sour cherries in Finland have relatively small fruits. Discussion Evaluation of sour cherry fruits is greatly affect- ed by their degree of maturity. Keywords: amarelle; archive; cherries; cherry; clone; finland; fruit; prunus; races; self; set; type
• The Nordic Gene Bank’s Prunus clone archive in Finland: II Local races of plum by Palonen, Pauliina; Uosukainen, Marjatta; Laurinen, Eeva (1998) - Red plums Yellow plums Victoriatype plums la) lb) 1c) 2a) Beginning in early August, especially with the local races ofred plum types, leaves became greyish, developed some brown spots and then abscissed prematurely. Keywords: finland; fruit; group; plum; prunus; races; red; self; victoria
• Suomen maatalouden rakennemuutos: Tutkimus Markovin ketjujen käyttömahdollisuuksista rakennekehityksen ennustamisessa ja teoreettinen analyysi rakennemuutokseen vaikuttaneista tekijöistä by Mäkinen, Paavo (1990) - Historiaan kuuluvat kansallisen yhteisön syntyminen ja sen yhteis- kuntajärjestyksen ja erityisesti sen maaomis- tusolojen kehittyminen. Keinot, joilla maatilat saadaan siiretyksi seuraavalle sukupolvelle, ja käytettyjen kei- nojen vaikutukset kyseisiin maatalousyrityk- siin ja koko maatalouteenpaikallisesti, alueel- lisesti ja koko maan osalta. Keywords: .0000; 1969; 1977—80; 1983—86; agriculture; aikana; aikavälillä; aikavälin; ainakin; ajan; alkioiden; alueen; alueiden; alueilla; alueittain; analysis; anon; area; atv; avulla; buckwell; chains; change; classes; costs; country; dairy; data; development; distribution; econ; edelleen; edellä; ei ole; eivät; eli; enemmän; ennusteet; eri; erityisesti; esimerkiksi; esitetty; etelä; että; että maatalouden; factors; farms; field; figure; finland; forecasts; hehtaarin; herd; huomattavasti; huomioon; hyvin; hyväksi; ihamuotila; ilman; income; ja ei; ja etelä; ja että; ja koko; ja maatalouden; ja niiden; ja sen; ja siihen; ja sitä; johtuu; joiden; joilla; joita; joka; joko; jolloin; jossa; joudutaan; jälkeen; kaikilla; kaikki; kaksi; kannalta; kanssa; kasvaa; kaudella; kehitykseen; kehitys; kehitystä; koko; kokoluokissa; kokoluokka; kokorakenteen; koon; koska; kotieläinten; kuin; kuinka; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; kustannusten; kuten; kuvaa; kuvio; kuviossa; käytetty; käytettävissä; käytetään; käyttämällä; käyttöä; käytännössä; käytön; laskee; lisäksi; lrac; lukumäärä; lukumäärä eri; luokka; luvulla; luvun; luvussa; lyhyellä; lyhyen; lypsykarjojen; lähde; lähes; lähinnä; maan; maatalouden; maataloustuotteiden; maatalousyritysten; maatilojen; maatilojen lukumäärä; mahdollista; makroaineistosta; mallin; markovin; measures; micro; mikä; model; muiden; mukaan; mutta; muuttujien; mvp; myös; niiden; niin; noin; nollaluokan; northern; number; nyt; näin; objectives; oikealle; ole; oletetaan; olevan; olevien; oli; olisi; olivat; olla; olleet; ollut; osalta; osittain; osuus; ovat; pellon; peltoalan; perusteella; pienempi; pienimmän; pinta; pitkällä; pitkän; pohjanmaa; pohjois; policies; policy; poultry; price; probabilities; production; prosessin; puolestaan; rakennekehityksen; rakenteen; rakenteeseen; region; saattaa; samalla; samoin; sekä; selvästi; sen; seuraavassa; share; siihen; siinä; siirtymätodennäköisyyksien; siirtyy; sisä; siten; sitä; size; source; southern; structure; study; suhde; suhteellisen; suhteen; suhteessa; suomen; suomessa; suomessa ja; suomi; support; suurempi; suurin; tai; tapahtuu; tapauksessa; tarkastellaan; tarkastelu; taulukko; tavoitteiden; tehdä; tilan; tilasta; todennäköisesti; toimenpiteet; toimenpiteiden; toiminnan; toinen; toisaalta; toiseen; toiseksi; tosin; transition; tuen; tukea; tuki; tulee; tuotannon; tuotannon ja; tuotannontekijän; tuotannontekijöiden; tuotantoa; tuotteiden; työn; työvoiman; tällä; tällöin; tämä; tässä; tätä; ulkopuolelle; usein; vaan; vaikka; vaikuttaa; vaikutuksia; vaikutus; vain; varsin; varsinkin; vastaa; vastaavasti; verrattuna; vielä; voidaan; vuodelle; vuoden; vuodesta; vuoksi; vuonna; vuosien; vuosina; vuoteen; year; yhden; yhteydessä; yhtä; yleensä; yli; yllä; yrittäjän; yrityksen; yritysten
• Yield reduction of spring barley in relation to disease development caused by Rhynchosporium secalis by Karjalainen, Reijo (1990) - In the past twenty years, barley scald disease has become increasingly common in Finland. Quantifica- tion of barley yield losses caused by Rhynchospo- rium secalis using visual versus remote sensing assess- ment methods. Keywords: barley; development; disease; finland; grain; leaf; pokko; rhynchosporium; scald; secalis; weight; yield
• Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran toiminnasta vuosina 1909—1972 by Punttila, Marja-Leena (1973) - Tutkimusaiheiden todettiin lisääntyneen mm. kemian alalla, ja erilaisten Eräässä mielenkiintoisessa esitelmässään professori Nils Westermarck sel- vitti maataloustutkimuksen asemaa ja laajuutta Suomessa muihin pohjois- maihin verrattuna. Keywords: 1946; acta; agralia; aikana; eri; että; fennica; finland; julkaisuja; kannalta; kokouksissa; kuin; kuitenkin; luvun; maassamme; maatalouden; maataloustieteellisen; maisteri; meillä; myös; oli; olisi; olivat; ollut; ovat; pidettiin; prof; professori; ruotsi; sekä; seuran; siitä; society; suomen; toiminnan; toiminta; tri; tuli; tämä; viime; vuoden; vuonna; vuosina; vuotta; yhteensä
• Sulphur status in Finnish cultivated soils by Korkman, Johan (1973) - Determination of various criteria of soil sulphur available to plants 143 a. Determination of the sulphur extractable with 1 % NaCl 144 1. Determination of various criteria of soil sulphur available to plants Great efforts have been made to provide a chemical method of estimating the sulphur reserves of the soil which are available to plants. Keywords: analysis; atmosphere; cent; clay; conditions; determination; effect; experiments; extraction; finesand; finland; material; method; mg s; nitrogen; organic; peat; phosphorus; plant; pot; precipitation; results; soil; soil extracts; soil samples; soil sci; soil sulphur; sulphate sulphur; sulphur; sulphur balance; sulphur compounds; sulphur content; sulphur deficiency; sulphur dioxide; sulphur extractable; sulphur fallout; sulphur fertilization; sulphur quantities; sulphur situation; sulphur supply; sulphur uptake; table; total; water; yield
• Kainuulaisen uudistilan edullisin suuruus ja tuotantosuunta by Pihkala, K. U.; Lasola, Tapani (1973) - Suomussalmi study farms Tämän tutkimuksen tutkimustiloilla ovat kantohinnat olleet samoina jak- soina vastaavasti 0:65/j3 ja 0;76/j 3 ja kuusi- ja mäntypinotavaralla keskimäärin 4:67/p-m 3 ja 5:29/p-m3 , koivuhalkojen 0:85/p-m3 . Heikurainen (1959, p. 96—100) on tarkastellut ojitettujen soiden juoksevan vuotuisen kuutiokasvun suhdetta leveysasteittain ja myös itä- ja länsisuunnassa, ja vaikka kangasmetsien kasvueroja ei hänen mukaansa ole syytä rinnastaa hänen esittämiinsä tuloksiin, osoittavat ne suuntaa ja ovat sopusoinnussa aikaisempien viimeksimainittuja metsiä koskevien tutkimus- tulosten kanssa. Keywords: 1959; 1959—63; 1969; acta; aikana; aiv; alle; alueella; alueen; area; arvioida; arvioitu; arvo; asetettu; aver; average; barley; beef; calculations; calves; cost; cows; edelleen; edellisen; edellytetty; edellä; edullisin; ehkä; ei ole; eivät; eli; enemmän; eri; erityisesti; esiintyy; esim; esitetty; esitetään; etenkin; että; evt; family; farms; fenn; finland; forest; forestry; group; growth; hay; hehtaaria; heinän; helsinki; hevosen; hinta; horse; hours; huomioon; ikään; ilman; ilvessalon; income; ja eri; ja että; joiden; joilla; joissa; joita; joka; jopa; jos; julk; jälkeen; kainuun; kaksi; kannalta; kanssa; kasvu; katetuotto; katsotaan; katsottu; keskim; keskimäärin; keskimääräinen; kg ja; kivennäismailla; koealoilla; kohdalta; kohden; koko; koska; koskevat; kuin; kuitenkin; kuiva; kun; kustannukset; kustannus; kuten; käytetty; käytettävissä; käytetään; käyttäen; käyttää; käyttö; käytön; labour; laidunkauden; laidunkausi; land; laskelmat; laskelmien; laskelmissa; laskettu; lehmää; lienee; lisäksi; logs; lukuja; luvut; lähinnä; maan; maata; maatalouden; mahdollista; maidon; maidontuotannon; margin; metsien; metsän; metsänhoitolautakunnan; metsätalouden; mikä; milk; mineral; mukaan; muodossa; muodostuu; mutta; muuhun; muuttuvat; myös; myöskin; määrä; niiden; niin; niistä; noin; nurmenviljelyn; näin; nämä; ohra; ole; olevan; olevien; oli; olisi; olla; olleet; ollessa; ollut; olosuhteissa; osaksi; osalta; otetaan; otettu; ovat; pasture; peat; perheen; period; perunan; perusteella; perä; petterson; pine; pohjois; pohjolan; pois; price; production; puitteissa; puun; puuston; quality; rehun; results; ry ja; saadaan; saattaa; saatu; sadon; samoinkuin; sato; satoja; sekä; selviää; siihen; siis; siitä; silage; sisäruokintakauden; siten; sitävastoin; soils; study; suhteellisesti; summary; suomen; suomessa; suomussalmen; suuruudesta; syytä; säilörehun; taas; table; tai; tapauksessa; taulukko; taulukossa; tavalla; tehty; tekn; tekniikka; tietoja; tilat; toisaalta; total; tulokset; tuloksiin; tuotantoprosessien; turvemaan; turvemaiden; tutkimuksen; tutkimuksessa; tutkimusalueen; tutkimustiloilla; tutkimustilojen; työtä; tällä; tällöin; tämän; tässä; tätä; use; uudistilan; vaikutus; vain; valtion; value; varsin; varten; vastaavasti; verraten; vielä; voidaan; voitu; vrt; vuoden; vuodessa; vuoksi; vuosina; välillä; wood; work; years; yhteensä; yield; yleensä; yli
• Yield, SDG lignan, cadmium, lead, oil and protein contents of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivated in trials and at different farm conditions in the south-western part of Finland by Saastamoinen, Marketta; Pihlava, Juha-Matti; Eurola, Merja; Klemola, Ari; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hietaniemi, Veli (2013) - Kymäläinen and Sjöberg (2006) have reported, however, almost equally as high cadmium contents, 1.3 mg kg-1 in linseed from Si- untio, in Finlands’ Uusimaa province. The differences in cadmium content between varieties were not high and no significant dif- ferences between varieties were found (Table 3 and 4). Keywords: cadmium; contents; finland; food; lead; lignan; linseed; oil; protein; sdg; soil; table; varieties
• Climate change adaptation in arable land use, and impact on nitrogen load at catchment scale in northern agriculture by Rankinen, Katri; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Granlund, Kirsti; Ojanen, Hannu; Laapas, Mikko; Hakala, Kaija; Sippel, Kalle; Helenius, Juha; Forsius, Martin (2013) - Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland. 2. Monthly mean temperatures at Lepsämänjoki catchment in the baseline period 1971-2000 and in 2055, based on interpolated projections for the study area from climate change scenarios, calculated as averages of 19 climate models and emission scenarios B1, A1B and A2 (Nakicemovic et al. 2000). Keywords: catchment; change; climate; crop; et al; finland; future; land; nutrient; production; rankinen; sediment; spring; use; winter
• Invasion potential of herbaceous ornamental perennials in northern climate conditions by Kaukoranta, Timo; Juhanoja, Sirkka; Tuhkanen, Eeva-Maria; Hyvönen, Terho (2019) - A multi-species experiment in their native range indicates pre- adaptation of invasive alien plant species. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Kaukoranta et al. (2019) 28: 45–57 45 Manuscript received December 2018 Invasion potential of herbaceous ornamental perennials in northern climate conditions Timo Kaukoranta1, Sirkka Juhanoja2, Eeva-Maria Tuhkanen2 and Terho Hyvönen1 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Itäinen pitkäkatu 4 A, 20520 Turku, Finland e-mail: terho.hyvonen@luke.fi Ornamental plants comprise a great share of alien plant species worldwide. Keywords: alien; clones; emergence; et al; experiment; field; finland; gardens; greenhouse; invasive; moisture; plant; production; seedling; species
• Impacts of reducing red meat consumption on agricultural production in Finland by Lehtonen, Heikki Sakari; Irz, Xavier (2013) - In fact, the simulated change in domestic GHG emissions due to reduced red meat production is even slightly positive (+1%; Fig. 10). AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE H. Lehtonen & X. Irz (2013) 22: 356–370 356 Impacts of reducing red meat consumption on agricultural production in Finland Heikki Lehtonen1 and Xavier Irz1 1)MTT Agrifood Research Finland/Economic Research, Latokartanonkaari 9 00790 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: heikki.lehtonen@mtt.fi This paper summarises the simulated effects on Finnish agricultural production and trade of a 20% decrease in Finn- ish demand for red meat (beef, pork, lamb). Keywords: beef; changes; consumption; demand; emissions; finland; food; meat; meatm1; model; production; products; red
• Do farmers rapidly adapt to past growing conditions by sowing different proportions of early and late maturing cereals and cultivars? by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Niemi, Jarkko K.; Hakala, Kaija; Sipiläinen, Timo (2013) - For example, increase in late summer precipita- tion in the preceding year (generally represented as a challenge to harvests of late maturing crops) coincided with increased area of spring barley cultivation in the following year (Fig. 7b) and use of wheat cultivars that matured slightly earlier (r= −0.54, p=0.05). Hakala et al. (2012) demonstrated variability in barley cultivars adapted to northern Euro- pean growing conditions in their response to climatic constraints during different phenological phases. Keywords: area; barley; changes; cultivars; cultivation; finland; peltonen; sainio; wheat; year
• Climate change and its effects on agricultural production in Finland – research efforts during the past 50 years by Hakala, Kaija (2020) - The majority of the scientific articles concerning climate change effects on agriculture in Finland were published by the research projects ILMASOPU (Adaptation of Finnish agro-food sector to climate change) led by Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, ADACAPA (Enhancement of adaptive capacity of Finnish agricultural and food sector) led by Helena Kahiluoto and TUPOLEV (Alien pest species in agriculture and horticulture in Finland) led by Terho Hyvönen. The first scientific publications on the effects of climate change on agriculture and forestry in Finland appeared in the early 1980´s. Keywords: adaptation; agriculture; climate change; co2; effects; environment; finland; finnish; food; hakala; ipcc; production; research; science; working
• Biodiversity in intensive and extensive grasslands in Finland: the impacts of spatial and temporal changes of agricultural land use by Tiainen, Juha; Hyvönen, Terho; Hagner, Marleena; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Louhi, Pauliina; Miettinen, Antti; Nieminen, Tiina; Palojärvi, Ansa; Seimola, Tuomas; Taimisto, Pauliina; Virkajärvi, Perttu; Tiainen, Juha (2020) - The long-term changes since the 1930s of the skylark Alauda arvensis follow the availability of grass, either as leys or fallows (Tiainen et al. 2001, Piha et al. 2003, 2007a). AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. Tiainen et al. (2020) 29: 68–97 68 Biodiversity in intensive and extensive grasslands in Finland: the impacts of spatial and temporal changes of agricultural land use Juha Tiainen1,2, Terho Hyvönen3, Marleena Hagner3,4, Erja Huusela-Veistola3, Pauliina Louhi5, Antti Miettinen6, Tiina M. Nieminen1, Ansa Palojärvi7, Tuomas Seimola1, Pauliina Taimisto8 and Perttu Virkajärvi8 1 Natural Resources Institute Finland, PL 2, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland 2 Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland 3 Natural Resources Institute Finland, Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 4 Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, FI-15140 Keywords: abundance; agricultural; beetles; biodiversity; cattle; changes; communities; community; dairy; dung; ecosystem; effects; et al; farming; farmland; farms; fauna; field; finland; finnish; food; grasslands; grazing; habitat; impact; leys; management; natural; number; pastures; plant; production; raatikainen; science; science j.; soil; species; study; tiainen; tiainen et; use; vegetation; virkajärvi
• The impacts of dietary change in Finland: food system approach by Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Kaljonen, Minna; Knuuttila, Marja; Niemi, Jyrki ; Saarinen, Merja; Huan-Niemi, Ellen (2020) - The consumption of different food products changes in the alternative diets; and the calculation of economic im- pacts in Finland are based on changes in the volumes of food products consumed in each diet. Hence, the changes in food consumption represented in euros correspond to the physical changes in the catego- ries of food products consumed in the alternative diets. Keywords: change; climate; consumption; diets; finland; food; food products; industry; meat; output; policy; production; products; system

• Kaarlo Toivo Terho by Vainikainen, Viljo (1945) - Terhoa kohtaan ja kulkee turvallisin ja luottamuksellisin tuntein sitä tietä, jonka prof. Vaikka sanottu kosketus ja Saksan opintomatka monessa suhteessa avarsikin Terhon näkemystä tutkijana, kuten hän itse myö- hemmin monesti myönsi, ei hän kuitenkaan saanut sieltä odotta- maansa tukea yksilövalinnan tehostamista ja sonnien jälkeläisarvos- telujen tutkimusta koskeville suunnitelmilleen. Keywords: alkaen; der; että; hat; huomio; hän; jotka; julkaisuja; kaarlo; kun; kuten; lisäksi; maatalouskoetoiminnan; oli; olivat; ollut; ovat; perusteella; prof; sekä; sen; siis; siitä; sonnien; suomen; terho; toivo; tämä; valtion; varsin
• Viljelyskelpoisen maan levinneisyydestä suomessa by Kivinen, Erkki (1945) - Koska kuitenkin on ollut välttämätöntä saada ainakin summit- tainen selvitys viljelyskelpoisesta maasta mahdollisimman pian, on vuoden 1944 lopussa ja 1945 alussa eri kunnissa kutsuttu kuntaa tuntevia henkilöitä neuvottelukokouksiin, joissa on koetettu luette- loida kaikki aikaisemmin tutkimuksen ulkopuolelle jääneet kunnan alueella tavattavat viljelyskelpoiset alueet. Silloin voi tietenkin tulla muutoksia puoleen ja toiseen. Keywords: eri; että; land; läänin; maan; maata; sekä; suomen; suomessa; suota; viljelyskelpoisen
• Rehujen jalostusarvolaskelmista by Mäki, Antti (1945) - 48 ANTTI MÄKI Jalostusarvolaskelma voidaan laatia hyvin monella eri tavalk riippuen siitä, mikä asetetaan laskelman tarkoitukseksi, mitä tuotto ja kustannuseriä laskelmaan sisällytetään ja miten ne käsitellään Erilaisia menetelmiä käyttäen saadaan myös erilaiset lopputulokset joita voidaan verrata ainoastaan vastaavalla laskumenetelmällä saa tuihin tuloksiin ja käyttää ainoastaan laskumenetelmän edellyttä miin tarkoituksiin. Tosin on jo varhain kiinnitetty huomiota eri rehujen suhteelliseen arvoon ja esitetty vaatimuksia väkevyyden ja w.lkuaismäärän huomioon ottamiseksi jalostusarvolaskelmissa (4). Keywords: ainoastaan; antti; der; die; edellä; eri; että; futtermittel; huomioon; jalostusarvo; jalostusarvolaskelman; jalostushinta; joka; jossa; karjatalouden; kohden; koko; koska; kotoisten; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; käytetty; käyttää; laskea; lasketaan; lypsykarjan; maanviljelysseuran; maatalouden; muiden; mukaan; myös; mäki; nanneson; niiden; ole; olisi; perusteella; pidettävä; pitää; rakennuksen; rehuille; rehuja; rehujen; saadaan; sekä; sen; siten; sitä; suhteessa; tai; tapauksessa; tuloksia; tulosten; tuotosta; und; voidaan; werden
• Laskelmia maanviljelyksen taloudellisista edellytyksistä sotavuosina by Pihkala, K. U. (1945) - Sokerijuurikkaiden tuotanto on Suomen Raakasokeritehtaan antamien tietojen mukaan ollut v. 1941/42 35 450 to, v. 1942/43 47 491 to, 1943/44 45 678 to ja v. 1944/45 46 500 to. kg ja v. 1943/44 300 milj. Keywords: 1940/41; arvioitu; arvo; että; hinta; kg milj; kg mk; kohden; ksi; kuin; kulutus; kuten; käytetty; laskettu; luku; maatalouden; milj; mukaan; mutta; määrä; ole; oli; otettu; pihkala; price; sekä; taloudellisista; tuotanto; vain; value; vuoden; vuonna
• Työnmenekistä lehdesten teossa sekä lepän ja koivun lehtien kokoomuksesta ja rehuarvosta by Kananoja, Paavo (1945) - Taulukossa 4 vertaillaan tehollisen työajan menekkiä haasioiden ja kerppujen teossa samaa lehdesmäärää kohti. Haasioiden teossa kului työaikaa vastaavaa lehdesmäärää kohti n. 30 % vähemmän ja kerppujen latoon vienninkin huomioonottaen n. 40 % vähemmän kuin kerppujen .teossa. Keywords: aineen; bunches; että; fodder; haasia; haasioiden; kajanoja; kerppua; kerppujen; kohti; koivun; kokoomus; kuin; kuiva; laalahti; leaf; lehdesten; lehdet; lehdissä; lehtien; lehtiä; leppä; lepän; lisäksi; min; mukaan; mustialassa; myös; oli; olisi; ollut; ovat; paavo; sekä; taulukko; teossa; tämän
• Evert August Malm by Kivinen, Erkki (1945) - Varmaankin moni Malmin luokse asialle mennyt muistaa tavanneensa hänet tutkimassa jotakin äsken ilmestynyttä aikakauskirjaa tai teosta, ja hänen työ- pöydältään tiesi aina löytävänsä viimeksi ilmestyneet suoviljelystä koskevat julkaisut. Tällainen suunnitelma saatiinkin tämän vuosisadan alussa käyntiin, ja sen mukaisesti suoritettiin suotutkimuksia paitsi Kainuussa ja Lapissa myös valtakunnan etelä- ja lounaisosissa. Keywords: aina; august; der; erittäin; erityisesti; että; evert; finnischen; hän; hänen; lisäksi; maanviljelysneuvos; malm; malmin; myös; oli; pmy; sekä; soiden; suomen; suoviljelysyhdistyksen; tämän; tässä; und
• Nuorten emakkojen ja leikkojen lisäkasvukyky toisiinsa verrattuna by Poijärvi, Ilmari (1945) - Hänen esittämiensä tietojen perusteella voidaan laskea, että Åstorpin koeasemalla on vv. 1923-27 teurastettujen leikkojen keskipaino ollut 93.4 kg ja emakkojen 92.5 kg. Eläimet tulevat koeasemalle tavallisimmin 7—9 viikon vanhoina ja 14—20 kg:n painoisina. Keywords: der; die; eläimet; emakkojen; eri; että; kokeissa; kuin; kun; leikkojen; niin; ollut; ovat; perusteella; sen; siis; sikakantoja; tulokseen; und; viikon
• Öljypellavan viljelyn alkutaipaleelta suomessa: Vuonna 1942 tuotetun siemenen laatu by Valle, Otto; Mali, Liisa (1945) - Maahamme myöhään keväällä 1941 Petsamon kautta saapuneesta argentiinalaisesta öljy- pellavasta, joka oli hankittu varsinaisesti öljynpuristukseen, päätet- tiin varata kevään 1942 sopimusviljelytoimintaan 300 000 kg, jolla määrällä olisi voitu kylvää n. 3000 ha. Maamme ollessa parhaillaan sodassa ei öljypellavan viljelyn käyntiin saattaminen keväällä 1912 ollut helppoa, ja viljelijöitäkin oli vaikea saada, kun aivan uusi viljelyskasvi oli kysymyksessä. Kun öljypellava oli vil- jelyskasvina oloissamme uusi ja kun sotatilanteen takia työvoimasta oli ankara puute, ei korjuu- ja puintitöitä sekä siemensadon käsitte- lyä suoritettu aina sellaisella huolella kuin olisi ollut tarpeellista. Keywords: että; itävyys; keskim; kosteus; kuin; kun; kylvösiemeneksi; mvs; myös; määrä; oli; olleet; ollut; ovat; paino; puhtaus; siemenen; suomessa; tikkurilan; tuotetun; vain; valle; viljelyn; vuoden; öljypellavan
• Suomalaisen hunajan ominaisuuksista ja alkuperästä by Martimo, Erik (1945) - Tulokset osoittavat, että suomalaisen hunajan pH-arvo on suhteel- lisen alhainen ja että sen reaktio vaihtelee melko vähässä määrin. Suomalaisen hunajan ominaispaino ja vesipitoisuus. Keywords: der; des; die; erittäin; että; für; hunajan; keskim; lebensmittel; mukaan; oli; ollut; ominaispaino; sekä; suomalaisen; und; untersuchung; vesipitoisuus; voidaan; vuoden; zeitschr; über
• Kalkituksen vaikutuksista maaperän orgaaniseen ja helppoliukoiseen fosforiin by Salonen, Martti (1946) - Yleinen käsitys näyttää olevan, että kalkituksen liukoista fosforihappoa lisäävä vaikutus johtuu sen ferri- ja aluminiumfosfaatteja hydrolysoivasta ominai- suudesta. 2 %, ja on syytä arvioida analyysi virheet suuremmiksi. Keywords: aitosavi; clay; eri; että; ferrija; fosforin; harvest; joka; kalkituksen; kasvatus; kasvien; kuin; maan; maata; mutta; myös; olisi; orgaanisen; ovat; phosphorus; soil; suuri; table
• Koekenttien maaperän epätasaisuudesta by Vuorinen, Jouko (1946) - Luonteenomaista kentälle on, että se kummassakin päässä (I, II ja VII, VIII) on löyhää, hietamaista, mutta keskellä (III—VI) tiivistä ja kovaa, hiesumaista. Kasvinviljelyskokeiden suorittaminen on niin paljon työtä ja kustannuksia vaativaa tutkimustoimintaa ja sen tulokset maanviljelykselle niin tärkeitä, että tarkan maaperätutkimuksen suorittaminen kaikilla koekentillä on kasvinviljelys- kokeiden tarkoituksenmukaisuuden ja onnistumisen tärkein edellytys. Keywords: eri; esitetty; että; hyvin; jouko; koekentän; kuin; maaperän; mutta; myös; määrä; oli; pohjamaan; sato; sekä; soil; test; vii
• Eräitä näkökohtia perinnöllisten tekijäin vaikutuksesta nautakarjan hedelmällisyyteen by Vainikainen, Viljo (1946) - % ja 0.09 %. Hammond (12), Fels (9), Zondek (54) ja Butenandt (5) ovat tutkimuksillaan osoittaneet, että hormonit vaikuttavat hedel- mällisyyteen edullisesti. Keywords: antaneiden; ayrshire; birth; cattle; cows; der; die; east; että; finnish; hedelmällisyyteen; i.s.k; ilmenee; jotka; kaksosia; kaksosten; kertaa; kpl; kuin; kun; l.s.k; lehmien; lehmiä; lisäksi; mahoja; mukaan; myös; nautakarjan; number; ole; olleet; ollut; ovat; pairs; sekä; syntyneiden; tai; twins; tämän; und; vaikutus; viljo; yliaikaisia; über
• Suolalisäyksen vaikutuksesta maan reaktioon by Salonen, Martti (1946) - Läpi valunut vesimäärä on merkitty abskissalle mrmeinä ja pH on merkitty ordinaatalle. Jatkamalla käsittelyä voidaan saada kaikki H-ionit vaihtu- maan metallikationeihin ja maan neutraaliksi tai emäksiseksikin (1). Keywords: että; kci; kuin; läpi; maan; maata; myös; nähdään; peat; siitä; soil; water
• Maaperän humuksen määrittämisestä by Vuorinen, Jouko (1946) - 3. 1-n K 2Cr2 07 on liian heikko hapetin, ja sillä maaperän humusta poltettaessa saadut C-pitoisuudet ovat vain noin 9/10 2-n K 2 Cr2 07 :n antamista. Edellämainittu erotus vastaa samansuuruisen 0.1-n bikromaattimaärän kulutusta ja 1 ml sitä taas vastaa 0.3 mg hiiltä. Keywords: että; humuksen; humus; hyvin; kmno; kuin; kulunut; käytetty; liekillä; liian; maan; maaperän; menetelmällä; min; mukaan; mutta; määrä; noin; ollut; ovat; pitoisuus; saatu; soil; taulukossa; tämä; vain; vastaa
• Maankäyttölajien luokittelujen ja määritelmien yhtenäistämisestä by Pihkala, K. U. (1946) - Pelto on viljeltyä aluetta, jota säännöllisissä oloissa uudistuvasti muokataan ja lannoitetaan ja jossa viljellään peltokasveja tai tilapäisesti puutarha- Viljelty maa jakaantuu useaan alaryhmään (kasvitarha, pelto, niitty, suo- viljelys ja nevaniitty), mutta jakokirjoissa on pinta-alaticdot yhdistetty siten, että pelto käsittää myös kasvitarhan ja suoviljelyksen ja toisena ryhmänä on niitty, 1 Tässä tarkoituksessa määräsi maanmittaushallitus v. 1934 professori Pekka Kokkosen sel- vittelemään kysymystä tiluslajeista ja niiden jyvittämisestä. Keywords: ala; alueet; eri; esim; että; jos; jotka; kasvitarha; katsotaan; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; laidun; land; luetaan; luonnonniitty; lähinnä; maankäyttölajien; metsämaa; mukaan; mutta; myös; määritelmien; niiden; niitty; nimitystä; ole; oleva; oli; olisi; ovat; pelloksi; pellon; pelto; pinta; puuja; raivattu; ryhmään; sekä; sen; siihen; siitä; suomen; tai; tilastossa; tähän; varten; viljelty; viljelyskelpoinen; voidaan; vuoksi
• Eri uuttomenetelmlen vertailua helppoliukoisen fosforihapon esiintymissuhteiden selvittämisessä etelä-poh janmaan kasvinviljelyskoeaseman koekentällä by Salonen, Martti (1946) - Siinä on varrellinen, var- sinainen mittakauha, jonka tilavuus on 10 ml, ja sen päälle asetettava, suppilolla varustettu ja irroitettava apuholkki. 7. Phosphoric acid dissolved by the asetate buffer method kg/ha P. 85ERI UUTTOMENETELMIEN VERTAILUA FOSFORIHAPON SELVITTÄMISESSÄ MARTTI SALONEN86 muunnos oli seuraava; 5 ml maata (mitattu erityisellä mittakauhalla) ja 30 ml 0.025 n. CH3COOH pantiin 100 ml:n pulloon ja ravistettiin hyvin sekaisin. Keywords: acid; clay; die; eri; että; fosfaattien; fosforihapon; hyvin; kevyt; kuin; kun; kuva; layer; light; luvut; maan; menetelmällä; menetelmän; method; mukaan; mutta; myös; nähdään; ole; ovat; pohjam; saadut; sen; siinä; soil; subsoil; truogin; tässä; uuttosuhteessa; vuoksi
• Viljelyskasvien vedenkestämiskyvystä by Saukko, Pentti (1946) - Yliveden sattumisaikaan nähden tällöin tehdyt havainnot täydentävät varsin sopivasti KAiTERAn ja kirjoittajan aikaisempia tutkimuksia, ja eri tutki- mukset muodostavat kokonaisuutena eräänlaisen havaintosarjan, jonka perus- teella voidaan tehdä päätelmiä viljelyskasviemme vedenkestämiskyvystä ja synty- neen vesivahingon laadusta kasvukauden eri aikoina. korkeudella 138.53 ja Nuasjärvellä kaustyöt suoritettiin yleisesti aikana 20.—c a (VR piirroksessa 1) oli Pirtti järvellä 138.13 (vert. Keywords: aikana; der; des; die; edellä; eri; että; havainnot; jolloin; jonkin; jotka; kauran; kesäkuun; korkeudella; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; mainittakoon; myös; ohran; ole; oli; olivat; ollessa; ollut; osoittaa; ovat; pentti; pirttijärven; rukiin; saukko; sekä; siis; suunnilleen; tuhoutumisraja; tulvan; tähkän; tämä; tässä; vahinkoraja; vastaa; vastaavat; vedenkestämiskyvystä; verraten; vielä; viii; viljelyskasvien; voidaan; vrk; vuoksi; yliveden
• Maatalouden tulo Valter Lindbergin tutkimuksessa "Suomen kansantulo vuosina 1926-1938" by Pihkala, Rurik (1946) - Tämä kaava voidaan johtaa myös sellaiseen muotoon, että kansantaloudelli- nen tulo (EV) on = palvelusväelle maksetut palkat ja yrittäjäperheen arvioitu palkka, siis yleensä palkat ja tähän lisättynä verot ja puhdastuotto. » Maatalouden ja sen sivuelinkeinojen kokonaistuottoa laskettaessa tri Lindberg on laskenut kasvinviljelyn kokonaistuottoa määrittäessään sadon määrät ja arvot ottaen perustaksi maataloustilaston viralliset sato- ja pinta-alatiedot vuosilta 1926—1938, tehden niihin kuitenkin eräitä välttämättömiä oikaisuja. Keywords: arvo; der; että; hevostyön; huomioon; joka; jos; kansantaloudellinen; kun; laskettaessa; lindberg; maatalouden; mutta; ole; olisi; ovat; pois; suomen; tri; tulo; tuotto; tämä
• Hormonivalmisteiden vaikutuksesta rikkaruohoihin ja hyötykasveihin by Hilli, Aarne (1947) - Agroxone-pölytettä käytettiin 1 kg ruudulle (200 kg/ha) ja 0,1 % Dow Weed Killer-ruiskutetta 7,5 litraa ruudulle (1500 litr./ha). On the left side a healthy WildRadish, on the right side a Wild Radish (Raphanus rap h a- nist r u m) withered owing to hormone application. 25HORMONIVALMISTEIDEN VAIKUTUKSESTA RIKKARUOHOIHIN AARNE HI LEI H erne-o h ra- kaura-viha n tarehun rikkaruohojen tor juniako e. Kokeessa selvitettiin hormonivalmisteiden (Agroxone-pölyte 200 kg/ha ja ruiskutteiden Baver 2, 4 D, 2% (1200 litr./ha), Bayer 2,4 D, 4% (1200 litr/ha), 2—4 Dow Weed Killer (0,1%, 1500 litr./ha) Keywords: 20—40; agroxone; arvense; dow; effect; että; hormone; hormonivalmisteiden; järvenpään; kaksi; kertausruutuja; killer; koe; koeruudut; kokeessa; kuin; litr./ha; myös; olivat; osittain; pahoin; pelto; products; rikkaruohoihin; rikkaruohojen; ruiskute; ruuduilla; sekä; stage; suoritettiin; tehtiin; vaikutuksesta; vaikutus; vulgaris; weed; weedone
• Eräitä kasvipatologisia näkökohtia syysviljojen ja nurmiheinien talvehtimisesta by Ekstrand, H. (1947) - Siemensaastunnan (Fusarium) ja oraiden häviämisen (»kylmänvahingot») välinen suhde eri ruiserissä Svalöfissä 1939—1940 (peittaamaton siemen). Monissa tapauksissa vaikuttaa maasaastunta lumi- homeen esiintymiseen, ja tällöin on saastunnan ja viljan taudinkestävyyden välillä suoranainen korrelaatio. Keywords: att; borealis; ekstrand; ennen; eri; että; för; försök; hos; ibid; jotka; kasvien; kuin; kun; kungs; lajikkeiden; mot; myös; måste; nimeksi; och; ole; olika; olivat; oraiden; ovat; ruotsin; sclerotinia; sen; siemen; siemensaastunta; som; syysviljojen; tab; tai; typhula; utgång; vaasa; vastaan; vid; voi; voidaan; vuoksi; även
• Salaojasyvyyskysymyksen selvittelyä by Juusela, Taneli (1947) - Saman käsityksen ilmaisee myös Almlöf (1, s. 92 ja s. 209) mainiten mm., että nykyisin ollaan täysin selvillä siitä, ettei ole syytä pelätä roudan rikkovan matalia ojia, ja Frank (3, s. 33), joka katsoo, ettei ole syytä otaksua putkiston särkyvän, vaikkei se olisikaan roudattomassa syvyydessä. Fredholm huomauttaa lisäksi (4, s. 334), että salaojien tulisi huonosti läpäisevissä ja tiiviissä maissa olla matalampia kuin huokoisissa ja ravintorikkaissa maissa. Almlöf (1, s. 209) taas mainitsee, ettei salaojan syvyys saisi voimakaskapil- laarisilla mailla alittaa 1 metriä, mutta että savimailla on pikemminkin eduksi, jollei tarvitse käyttää kuinoo.l.o metrin syvyyttä, ja että tarpeen vaatiessa voidaan TANELI JUUSELA62 huoleti mennä aina 0.7—0.8 m;n syvyyteen asti. Keywords: als; auch; den; der; des; die; eri; esim; ettei; että; finnland; kuin; kuitenkin; käytetään; maan; mukaan; myös; niin; nykyisin; näin; ole; roudan; ruotsissa; salaojien; sama; schweden; suomessa; vain; yleensä
• Suomalaisen hevosen vetovoiman kehittämisestä by Varo, Mikko (1947) - M x = 8.04 ±0.27 ax = ±2.47 My = 8.35 ±0.09 oy = ±0.89 r = +0.17 ±O.lO Taulukko 3. 4-vuotiaiden isien ja poikien, joiden emien veiovarmuus on 6 p., vetokykyjen vuorosuhde- Table 3. Taulukko ö. 4-vuotiaiden isien ja poikien, joiden emien vetovarmuus on 6 p., vetovoimien vuorosuhde Table 5. Keywords: 1946; correlation; dams; edellä; emien; eri; että; hevosen; isien; kaikkien; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; mutta; myös; niiden; olisi; ollut; oriiden; oriit; ovat; perusteella; poikien; pojat; power; results; sillä; sires; sons; stallions; steps; tammat; tammojen; tulokset; vaikutus; vain; vetovoiman; voidaan; vuoksi; vuorosuhde; vuotiaiden
• Peltojen etäisyyden vaikutuksesta viljelmän kannattavuuteen by Suomela, Samuli (1947) - Peltojen etäisyyden ja viljelmän kannattavuuden välisen suhteen perusteelli- seksi selvittämiseksi on tutkittava myös muihin maatalousalueisiimme ja kaikkiin suuruusluokkiin kuuluvia viljelmiä. 10—20 34 3,4 13 2,2 —27 0,4 20—40 77 6,1 53 4,7 21 3,1 40— 135 8,6 89 6,5 70 5.9 https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=Ut7Ccrf4oN56PTYu.yFLTvkimStV9luf7emz78w.gxk212gqYm1ssR8kCOnGTNfqADCzMOXC7Y2mRNBrDJpxsd17rW4TRsHtFY9eW_9Zr6QApkcWEkHSVi3aUNnrDk3rGlDMohF42nR1dkVheOb9JA-eGGvTUW7WbVDgqyfcZ7vvX4r1U4r2aJq4AOD001qh79E-McRgVM_KfA SUOMELA84 ViRRi (6) esittää, että tuoton suuruuden riippuvuus etäisyyden muutoksista voidaan likimääräisesti ilmaista lausekkeella 1 ‘ = I+kx ’ jossa y=tuotto ja x=etäisyys. Keywords: area; distance; eri; että; etäisyyden; farms; fields; hectares; keskietäisyys; meters; peltoala; peltojen; taulukko; viljelmän
• Tuhosienien merkityksestä perunavarastojen turmelijoina Suomessa by Ollila, Laila (1947) - Tällaiset mukulat olivat toden- näköisesti bakteerien ja Fusarium-sienten yhdessä turmelemia. Eri lajikkeiden pilaantumisprosentti vaihteli o:sta 23.5:een lajikkeesta ja säilytys- olosuhteista johtuen. Keywords: bakteerit; cylindrocarpon; eri; että; fusarium; julk; kasvitautiosaston; lajikkeiden; maatalouskoelaitoksen; maatalouskoet; mukulat; mukuloita; myös; oli; olivat; ovat; perunan; perunoiden; perunoista; potato; sekä; valt; voidaan
• Talven tuhot hedelmäpuissa ja marjapensaissa vuonna 1947 by Hårdh, H. J. E. (1948) - astetta normaalia korkeampi ja Varsinais-Suomessa vuorokauden keskilämpö suuren osan kuukautta lähes 10° C. Lounais-Suomessa havaittu hedelmäpuiden ja marjapensaiden vahingoittuminen johtui niiden maanpäällisten osien kuivumisesta, joka pääasiassa tapahtui huhti-, touko- ja kesäkuussa. ja karviaismarjapensaissa ilmenivät talven aiheuttamat vauriot siten, että lehtisilmut puhkesivat tavallista hitaammin. Keywords: 1946—1947; 1947; bushes; damage; että; fruit; havaittu; hedelmäpuiden; hedelmäpuissa; kuin; marjapensaiden; oli; olivat; ovat; sekä; suomessa; talven; trees; vuonna
• Kanankaalin levinneisyydestä ja torjunnasta by Hilli, Aarne (1948) - Ylemmät lehdet ovat pitempiä, pitku- laisia, ruodittomia ja liuskahampaisia. Kunkin kunnan alueella on kanankaalin levinneisyys niinikään paikallisen luontoista ja sama piirre on havaittavissa vielä kylien ja yksityisten tilojenkin viljelyksillä. Keywords: calcium; cyanamide; että; hormotox; jolloin; kanankaalin; kuitenkin; levinneisyydestä; läänin; mukaan; mukana; mutta; myös; noin; oli; olivat; ovat; sekä; sen; sitä; tai; torjunnasta; vaikutus; vain; vuonna; wintercress
• Hernekääriäisen (Grapholitha nigricana Steph.) peltoherneelle aiheuttamista vahingoista by Inkilä, Oiva (1948) - Loppupäätelmät. Hernekääriäinen (Grapholitha nigricana Steph.) on erittäin yleinen tuhohyön- teinen maamme herneviljelyksillä, ja sen toukan aiheuttamat tuhot ovat useina vuosina olleet varsin huomattavat, etenkin maamme varsinaisella herneen viljelys- alueella. Keskikesä, siis myös her- neen kukinta-aika, joka alkoi 7—12/VII, oli varsin lämmin ja poutainen. Keywords: damages; eli; eri; että; grapholitha; herneen; hernekääriäisen; kuin; kukinta; lajikkeiden; lajikkeilla; melko; myös; oli; olivat; sekä; varsin; vioituksen; vuonna; vuosina
• Eräiden turvelajiemme kemiallisesta kokoomuksesta ja sen vaikutuksesta niiden polttoarvoon by Soveri, U. (1948) - Tällöin on to- dettu, että rahkaturpeet ovat yleensä tuhka-, typpi-, fosfori-, ja kalsiumköyhempiä kuin sara- ja mskosammalturpeet ja sekaturpeet (10). Kalorimetriset polttoarvomääritykset on tehty 300 ml pommissa käyttämällä 20 atm:n painetta ja 1—1,2 Keywords: acid; aineesta; aineet; alkoholiin; ash; bitumen; calorific; content; eetteriin; eri; ers; että; fractions; jotka; kemiallisesta; kkal; kokoomuksesta; kuin; kuiva; kuten; maatumisen; material; myös; ovat; peat; pääasiallisesti; sekä; sisältävät; soveri; t h; table; taulukko; taulukossa; tuhkan; turpeen; turpeitten; values; veteen; yhteydessä
• Siementuotantomme kehityksestä tuonnin ja viennin valossa by Mali, Liisa (1948) - Varsinkin Tanskassa ja myös muissa varsinaisissa siementuotantomaissa siemen- viljely oli sodan aiheuttaman suuren kysynnän johdosta laajentunut. ja timoteinsiementä vie- tiin sen sijaan jatkuvasti, vaikkakin määrät olivat vähäiset. Keywords: että; helsinki; kanssa; myös; oli; ollut; puna; seeds; siemenen; suomen; tilasto; virall; vuodet; vuoksi; vuosina
• Polyploidian merkityksestä by Therman-Suomalainen, Eeva (1948) - Autoploidian kauttahan ei synny mitään varsinaisesti uutta, ja sen tärkein merkitys näyttää olevan saman lajin alayksiköiden välisten usein hyvin elinvoimaisten risteytymäyhdistelmien säilyttämisessä. Kehitystapahtnmia, jotka esiintyvät vain eriasteisilla risteytymillä, ovat gee- nien ja kromosomien vaihto erilaisten kromosomiannosten välillä sekä kokonaisten kromosomistojen yhteenliittyminen amfiploideissa. Keywords: amfiploidin; eivät; eri; esim; että; homologisia; ilmeistä; joiden; jos; jotka; kaksi; koska; kromosomiston; kromosomit; kuin; kuitenkin; muodostavat; niiden; ole; olla; ovat; peräisin; polyploidien; sekä; sen; sitä; syntyy; toisistaan; tämä; usein; vain; voi; voivat; välillä
• Lypsyn nopeudesta, jälkimaidon määrästä ja maidon puhtaudesta sekä lypsetyn maitomäärän suhteesta niihin: Lypsykilpailujen tuloksiin perustuva tilastollinen tutkimus käsinlypsystä by Palva, Ossi (1948) - Eri kilpailuissa joudutaan kuitenkin lypsämään hyvinkin erilaisen maitomäärän antavia ja eri tavoin muodostettuja lehmäpareja. Maitokilon lypsämiseen käytetty keskimääräinen aika ja sen riippuvaisuus lehmäparin kokonaismaitomäärästä käy ilmi taulukosta 6. Keywords: aika; auf; cm3; das; der; die; eri; että; gruppe; jälkimaidon; keskimääräinen; kuin; käytetty; lehmien; lehmäparien; luokan; lypsyn; lypsyssä; lypsämiseen; maidon; maitokilon; maitomäärän; melken; milchmenge; min./kg; ollut; ovat; perusteella; ryhmissä; ryhmä; sen; taulukko; und; von; zeit
• Eräiden ristisiittoisten viljelykasvien jalostuksesta Yhdysvalloissa by Paatela, Juhani (1949) - Tanskassa klooniruudustomene- telmä on osoittautunut varsin käyttökelpoiseksi, ja myös Kun kyseinen jalostustapa on melko uusi, ja kun sen tuntemisella todennäköisesti on merkitystä myös meidän maassamme, luodaan seuraavassa lyhyt katsaus itsesii- tokseen ja kantojen sopivaan kombinoitumiseen ( combining ability), sekä esitetään lähinnä maissin, sokerijuurikkaan ja eräiden nurmikasvien jalostuksessa käytet- täviä menetelmiä. Keywords: agron; amer; beet; breeding; combining; erip; esim; että; hybrid; ibid; jalostuksesta; jos; jotka; jour; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kylvetään; linjan; linjoja; linjojen; mutta; myös; niiden; ovat; saadaan; sekä; siementä; siten; soc; sokerijuurikkaan; sugar; taas; tai; vain; viljelykasvien; voidaan; xxyy; yhdysvalloissa
• Vesijärven ja Tammiston aikaisen suhtautumisesta perunavirooseihin by Brummer, Veikko (1949) - Nimenomaan vertailu Vesijärven ja Tammiston Aikaisen kesken on tästä syystä muodostunut kiintoisaksi. Vesijärven ja Tammiston Keywords: aikaisen; brummer; difference; että; harbinger; karila; karilasta; kuten; myös; ole; oli; ollut; ovat; potato; station; table; tammiston; tammistossa; taul; tuber; vesijärven; virus; yksilöiden; yksilöitä
• Ennakkotietoja herneen ja virnan säilyvyydestä seosviljoissa Suomessa by Hänninen, P. (1949) - On luonnollista, että maan yleisellä kasvukunnolla, kasvinravintoaineilla ja maa- lajilla täytyy olla tärkeä merkitys herneen ja virnan säilyvyyteen seosviljoissa. Tutkimuksessa on käsitelty Suomessa suoritettuihin koetuloksiin nojautuen herneen ja virnan säilyvyyttä seosviljoissa lähinnä siemensatojen perusteella. Keywords: etelä; että; herneen; kuin; kun; ollut; ovat; seosviljoissa; sinikka; säilyvyys; torstai; tuloksia; virnan
• Karjanlannan fosforista by Kaila, Armi (1949) - Anaerobisesti palavassa lannassa on orgaanisen aineksen rakentuminen verra- ten vähäistä ja fosforin tarve niin ollen pieni. Tosin on huo- mattava, että keskinäytteen otto niin epähomogeenisesta aineksesta kuin olkisilpun sekaisesta lannasta on vaikeaa, ja sen vuoksi on mahdollista, että kolmannen koe- jäsenen ensimmäisen kuukauden näyte ei ollut edustava. Keywords: aikana; epäorgaanisen; eri; että; fosforin; fosforista; hevosen; kaila; karjanlannan; karjanlannan fosforin; keskimäärin; kg g; koska; kuin; kuiva; kun; lannan; lannassa; manure; mutta; naudan; noin; ole; oli; olkea; orgaanisen; ovat; palamisen; phosphorus; sen; siitä; sijaan; sonnan; straw; table; tot; vain; voidaan
• Muutamia havaintoja juolavehnän juurakoista ja juurista by Salonen, Martti (1949) - Juolavehnän juurakot o—lo0 —10 cm —l> juurien suurin syvyys 60 » Juuristosta otetusta tilavuusnäytteestä poistettiin muiden kasvien juuret, ja juolavehnän juura- koista sekä juurista tehtiin orgaanisen kuiva-aineen määritykset (5): juurakot o—l7 cm 1.77 g/dm2 (vastaa 1770 kg/ha) juuret o—l70—17 » 2.30 » —» — 17—55 i) 0.70 » Pohjois-Savon koeasema Halola, Maaninka, 13/8 1. Juolavehnän juurakot o—lo0—10 cm —»—- juurien suurin syvyys 90 » Juuristosta otetusta tilavuusnäytteestä poistettiin muiden kasvien juuret, ja juolavehnän juura- koista sekä juurista tehtiin org. Keywords: couch; depth; että; juolavehnän; juurakot; juuret; juurien; maa; roots; suurin; syvyys
• Tekohormonien merkityksestä öljypellavaviljelyksien rikkaruohontorjunnassa by Valle, Otto; Paatela, Juhani; Mukula, Jaakko (1949) - Tekohormonivalmisteiden vaikutus öljypellavan ja rikkaruohojen tuorepainoon suhdeluvuin ilmaistuna. Tekohormonikäsittelyjen vaikutus öljypellavan ja rikkaruohojen tuorepainoihin sekä jauhosavikan ja mui- den rikkaruohojen määrään erikseen käy havainnollisimmin ilmi kuviosta 3. Keywords: 2,4; 2m-4k; acodrin; agroxone; average; dust; eivät; että; flax; hormones; hormotox; keskimäärin; kuin; kun; niiden; noin; oil; ole; oli; ovat; pölyte; r r; r s; rikkaruohojen; ruiskute; ruiskutteet; s s; sekä; sen; spray; suolaa; tehoavaa; vain; veith; weeds; öljypellavan
• Proteini-aineiden vaihtelusta vaaramorenilla ja mutasuoturpeella kasvaneessa viljassa by Saloheimo, Lauri (1949) - Sen sijaan sekaturpeen hehtaaria kohti sisältämä typpimäärä on VALMARin mukaan noin 2 kertaa ja mutasuoturpeen 3 y 2 kertaa niin suuri kuin kivennäismaan (hiekka- ja hietamaa 1.52 °/00 , savimaa 1.91 °/00 , mutasuoturve 24.6 °/00 ja sekaturve 18.5 °/00 typpeä 20 sm syvässä maakerroksessa). Keywords: auf; der; die; ertrag; että; kaura; kornertrag; kuin; niederungsmoor; ollut; sato; suolla; taulukko; und; vaara; viljan; viljassa
• Karjanlanta kasvien fosforin lähteenä by Kaila, Armi (1950) - Maan orgaanisen fosforin väheneminen ja 4-n rikkihappoon liukenevan epä- orgaanisen fosforin lisääntyminen eräässä muhituskokeessa selviävät seuraavista arvoista. Muhituksen vaikutus lannan fosforin ottoon rypsikokeissa Table 8. Keywords: acid; aikana; clay; eivät; epäorgaanisen; että; fosforin; fosforista; inorganic; jotka; karjanlannan; kasvien; kuin; kun; lannan; liukenevan; lähteenä; maahan; maan; maassa; manure; mineralization; mutta; ole; oli; orgaanisen; ovat; palaneen; phosphorus; soil; table; tai; tulokset; veteen; väkilannoitteiden; water
• Maatalousilmatieteen yleiset tehtävät ja alan tutkimukset Suomessa by Keränen, J. (1950) - Tutkimuskohteita ovat: 1) kasvien levinneisyys, taudit, ilmastoon sopeutuminen ja viljan tuotto; 2) kotieläinten levinneisyys, sairaudet ja ilmastoon sopeutuminen 3) loishyönteiset; 4) fenologia; 5) keinolliset vaikutukset sääoloihin 6) maaperän muodostuminen, erosio ja säilyminen; 7) kasvipeitteen säilyminen. 1920-luvulla sattui useita suotuisia kasvukausia, mutta kaksi katovuotta vv. 1923 ja 1928. Keywords: alalla; der; des; die; eri; että; fenn; finnland; franssila; hallan; homén; hän; joissa; kasvien; keränen; kuin; kuten; lisäksi; luvulla; maan; maassamme; maatalouden; maatalousilmatieteen; mutta; myös; niiden; ole; ovat; sadon; sen; suomen; suomessa; tehtävät; tulee; tutkimuksia; tällä; tätä; und; vaikutus; yleiset; über
• Myyräojituksesta ja sen käyttömahdollisuuksista Suomessa by Juusela, Taneli (1950) - Niillä ei ole omaa pyöräparia kuten useimmilla nykyisillä malleilla ja maan pinnan pienten epätasaisuuksien vaikutuksen kumoaa pitkä liukuva jalas, johon veitsi ja sen edessä oleva kiekkoleikkuri on kiinnitetty. Menettelytapaa voitaneen pitää ojituksen ja muokkauksen välimuotona, sillä ojitettaessa aikaansaadaan myyräreiän ja siitä maanpintaan saakka ulottuvan raon lisäksi rukoilua ja halkeamia kummallekin puolelle aina https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=1HGOrngJadjiJpeF.ltZ0Fd0lv_J8nI3ds4zmhA.jvGu5kQ4ghumJ15KjYghFqNb4WLQ_kyRlC-PoJalOjVu2WhhdpW0iLlQDN1eyBuMoOrKDvzOxeTs8ZcSYQYuVrKECFE3EFaVl3aBXfJh_9lVQqwhyKii7UvV2mK5qQHXDGrZufAhuDsS6VN1DJO5q-P61aEv5Byr14NO0A MYYRÄOJITUKSESTA JA SEN KÄYTTÖMAHDOLLISUUKSISTA SUOMESSA 153 60—90 cm:n päähän itse myyräojasta. Keywords: englannissa; erittäin; esim; että; hehtaaria; joka; jossa; kohden; kuin; kun; kuten; käyttäen; käyttömahdollisuuksista; lisäksi; lähinnä; metriä; myyräojat; myyräojien; myyräojituksen; myyräojitus; myös; niiden; näin; ole; oli; ollen; ollut; ovat; ruotsissa; sen; siten; suomessa; tulisi; tällöin; tämän; vain; varsin; voidaan; yleensä
• Alustavia havaintoja amerikkalaisten pensasmustikkalajikkeiden viljelyominaisuuksista by Vaarama, Antero (1950) - ANTERO VAARAMA30 Mielenkiintoisena ilmiönä on pidettävä havaintoa, että lajikkeet Atlantic, Pemberton ja Rancocas esiintyvät Suomen olosuhteissa viljelysominaisuuksiltaan erilaisina kuin Yhdysvalloissa. arvio Present estimation American estimation June June Atlantic Rancocas Rancocas Stanley Pemberton Concord Stanley Atlantic Rubel Pemberton Concord Rubel Jersey Jersey Burlington Burlington Concord ja Jersey lajikkeiden asema aikaisuusjärjestyksessä on hypoteettinen pienen sadon vuoksi. Keywords: atlantic; berries; blueberry; burlington; concord; eri; että; jersey; joka; june; koko; kuitenkin; lajike; lajikkeiden; lajikkeista; marjojen; mukaan; mutta; myös; ole; oli; ovat; pemberton; rancocas; rubel; stanley; taulukko; varieties
• Maatalouteen liittyvien etuuksien arvioimisesta toista korvauslakia sovellettaessa by Mäki, Antti (1950) - Vieläpä tähän ryhmään on luettava sellaisetkin toiseen kiinteistöön kohdistuvat oikeudet, joita isossa- jaossa ja tiloja ositettaessa voidaan perustaa ja joita ovat: Erityisesti on varottava arvioimasta suuria raaka-ainevarastoja niiden kokonaismäärän perusteella ottamatta huomioon varaston myyntiin vaadittavan ajan pituutta ja sen vaikutusta tulevaisuudessa saatavien tulojen nykyarvoon. Keywords: ajan; alueella; alueen; arvioitaessa; arvo; arvoon; edellä; erittäin; esim; että; etuuden; etuuksien; huomioon; joita; joka; jos; korvauslakia; kuin; kun; käyttää; maatalouteen; myyntikelpoisen; myös; määritettäessä; määrä; niiden; ole; olevan; olisi; olla; otettava; perusteella; pinta; puhdas; pääoma; raaka; saadaan; saven; sekä; sen; siitä; soran; sovellettaessa; tai; tapauksessa; tilan; toista; tonttialueiden; tuoton; tuotto; value; verrattuna; voidaan; vuotuinen
• Asutuskeskuksien orgaanisen jätteen käyttö kasvinviljelyssä by Rautavaara, Toivo (1950) - ja huvilakaupunkien ja omakotialueiden tontinomistajat, siirtolapuutarha- ja palstaviljelijät ryhtyisi kompostia käyttämään, kunhan harjoitetaan neuvontaa. Maailmankuulu englantilainen East Mallingin puutarhakoeasema on jo kauan tutkinut maabiologiaa, ja sen viime vuosikirjassa sanotaankin yhteenvetona tutki- muksista maan hedelmällisyyden ylläpitämisestä suomennettuna seuravasti (36): »Orgaaninen aines on maassa tärkeä monin tavoin. Keywords: aineen; ainetta; asutuskeskuksien; dano; eloyhteisön; eri; esim; että; humuksen; humus; joka; jos; jäte; jätteen; jätteiden; kasvinviljelyssä; kaupunkien; koko; kompostia; kuin; kun; käyttää; käyttö; maahan; maan; maassa; meillä; menetelmä; milj; mukaan; mutta; myös; niiden; niin; ole; olla; orgaanisen; ovat; rautavaara; ruokamullan; sekä; siis; sitä; soil; suuri; tai; toivo; tulee; tuote; typpeä; tämä; varsinkin; voidaan; waste; ympäristössä
• Antiseptisten huuhtelujen vaikutus kalan bakteeripitoisuuteen by Nikkilä, O. E. (1950) - vnlgatnsen, Cl. spurogenusen, Cl. putrijienmm ja Cl. läänin. Tämä onkin vaistottu jo varhain, vaikka perusteita ei silloin vielä tunnettukaan, ja siten on tultu moniin eri säilöntätapoihin. Keywords: antiseptisten; bakteereja; bakteeripitoisuuteen; biol; että; fish; flav; huuhtelujen; kalan; lihaskudos; ovat; res; sen; sillin; tarr; vaikutus
• Rasvapitoisuuden vaikutus kalan suolaantumiseen by Nikkilä, O. E. (1950) - Silli, jonkarasvapitoisuus oli 9.8 %, saavutti alkuperäisen painonsa (100 %) vasta 2 kk:n kuluttua, ja paino ei noussut enää sen jälkeen. Sillin rasvapitoisuudet 5.7 (käyrä I) ja 9.8 % (käyrä II). Keywords: että; fat; jälkeen; kalan; kuin; käyrä; noin; paino; sillin; weight
• Muokkauskerroksen alla olevien maakerrosten merkityksestä kasvinviljelyssä by Salonen, Martti (1951) - Putkien täytteenä käytettiin hienoa, valkeaa kvartsihiekkaa, joka oli pesty ensin laimealla suolahapolla ja sitten runsaalla vedellä ja lopuksi kuivattu ja hehku- tettu. Putket sijoitettiin kunkin koeruudun toiseen puoliskoon, ja muokkauskerroksen maa sullottiin huolellisesti paikoilleen, jolloin sen syvyydeksi järjestettiin tasan 20 cm. Keywords: alla; eri; että; hyvin; juuret; kasvaneiden; kasvien; kasvit; kuin; maa; muokkauskerroksen; mutta; myös; npk; ole; oli; olivat; ovat; plants; pohjamaahan; pohjamaassa; putkissa; subsoil; tehtiin; vain; vapaasti; voi; voidaan
• Röllit (Agrostis Spp.), rikkaruohojako vai hyötykasveja? by Olsonen, K. (1951) - Ruotsin siementarkastuslaitos ilmoittaa vielä, että amerikkalaisissa rönsyröllin (Agrostis stolonifera L.) siemenissä esiintyviä Agrostis Ellotiana- ja Agrostis hiemalis-röllien siemeniä he pitävät rikkaruohoina. Sillä kun rollien siemeniä ei enää ole rikkaruo- hojen siementen joukossa ja niitä on tilastomme mukaan ollut timotein siementen joukossa keskimäärin lähes puoli prosenttia, on vähimpiä vaatimuksia määrättäessä timotein siemenissä sallittua korkeinta rikkaruohojen siementen määrää alennettu puolella prosentilla. Keywords: agrostis; der; että; hyötykasveina; kun; mutta; ovat; pidetään; rikkaruohoina; rollin; rönsyröllin; sen; sibth; siemenet; siemeniä; siementen; stolonifera; timotein
• Sipulin naattihomeen torjunnasta by Arnala, Risto (1951) - st/1 % Unbespritzet 534 ±9.3 % 77 19.8 79 —i> 0.2 % Perenox + 1 % Kiinnite 506 ±4.3 % 74 17.0 67 Vesi i/2 t. ±4o° ±6.9 % 156 72.1 109 »> 3 o » 3 » 2139 ±6.3 % 121 58.4 88 Kuiva 3t. ±4O°C —Trocken 3st +4O C 2528 ±7.9 % 143 69.5 105 » 6 » » Keywords: +4o; den; der; die; että; falschen; istukassipulin; kuparikalkki; käsittely; mehltau; naattihomeen; oli; perenox; pflanzen; rikkikalkki; sen; sijaan; sipulin; tabelle; vaikutus; valkoöljyemulsio; von; weissölemulsion
• Keltamuumiotaudin tarttuvaisuudesta sekä sen ehkäisemisestä Paration-valmisteilla by Hårdh, H. J. E. (1951) - „ „ n „„ „„ Soaking in o.i % Parathion as above ' ' for 48 hours H. J. E. HARDH84 Taulukosta 2. nähdään, että 24 tunnin liotus vesijohtovedessä aiheutti hedel- missä pinnan halkeilemista, mikä johtui nestepaineen lisääntymisestä hedelmän sisässä. A. käsittelemätön untreated B. liotus vesijohtovedessä 24 t. soaking in tap water for 24 h. C. upotus 0.1 % sublimaattiliuokseen dipping in 0.1 % mercuric chloridi D. upotus 0.05% CuS04-liuokseen dipping in 0.0,5% CuSOt. Keywords: apples; brown; dipping; eri; että; fructigena; growth; hedelmien; hedelmän; hours; kuromia; liotus; nesteessä; parathion; rot; sekä; sen; sienen; upotus
• Englannin ja Skotlannin soista by Kivinen, Erkki (1951) - Leimaa-antavia ovat Scirpus ja kanerva ja niiden lisäk- si tavataan Eriophorum vaginatum, Narthecium ossifragum, Molinia sekä eräitä saroja ja Juncus-lajeja.. Kukkula- Sekasoita on hyvin monenlaisia ja niiden kas- villisuus vaihtelevaa. Keywords: englannin; eriophorum; erittäin; että; hyvin; joissa; joka; kuin; molinia; moss; mutta; myös; niiden; ollut; ovat; phragmites; runsaasti; scirpus; sekä; skotlannin; soiden; soilla; soista; suon; tai; tavallisesti; tavataan; turpeen; turpeiden; turve; turvetta; verraten
• Antibioottisten aineitten käyttömahdollisuuksista ruokatavaran säilytyksessä by Nikkilä, O. E. (1951) - Kuitenkin neljä aerobista ja molemmat anaerobiset, nimittäin Clostridium botulinum ja mädätys- bakteeri N.C.A.No. Andersen ja Michener (1, 2,3) ovat saaneet edellisiä parempia tuloksia käyt- tämällä antibioottisia aineita lievän kuumennuksen ohella. Keywords: aineitten; antibiotics; chem; että; food; myös; preservation; ruokatavarain
• Kulutusmaidon kysynnän joustavuus by Koivisto, Esko (1951) - Viime aikoina on Valtion maitotalouskoelaitoksessa suoritettu kulutusmaidon ja maitotaloustuotteiden kysynnän hinta- Kulutuksen muutosten ja toiselta puolen hintojen tai tulojen vaihteluiden välinen yhteys ilmaistaan ns. Keywords: demand; elasticity; että; hintajoustavuus; hintojen; kulutusmaidon; kysynnän; sekä
• Salaojitusmenetelemistä by Keso, Lauri (1951) - Kaitera esittää, tarvitaan sala- ojaa hehtaarille yleensä n. 900 m. Käytettäessä 15 m 3 hehtaarille olisi soraa sala- ojissa keskimäärin 13 sm leveälti ja vahvalti ja 29 m 3 käytettäessä 17 sm leveälti ja vahvalti. Hyvin ymmärrettävästi auran antura tällöin laasteroi kuivumisraot ja juurien ja matojen tekemät reijät tukkoon. Keywords: aivan; eikä; erikoisesti; ettei; että; huomioon; hyvin; joissa; joka; jolloin; jos; jälkeen; kaitera; kohden; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; käytetään; käyttää; lauri; liian; maa; maissa; meillä; metriä; mitä; mukaan; mutta; myös; niin; näin; näissä; ojituksessa; ole; olevan; oli; olisi; olivat; olleet; ollut; onkin; ovat; paljon; prof; putket; putkien; ruotsissa; salaojituksen; salaojitusyhdistys; sekä; sen; siitä; syvyyttä; syvän; syvässä; syytä; tai; tällöin; tämän; tässä; vaan; vain; varsin; veden; vielä; voidaan; vuoksi; yleensä
• Herne-kauran viljelystä by Virri, T. J. (1951) - Koneellisen niiton estymättä voi- daan useissa tapauksissa käyttää niinkin suurta herneen ja kauran seos-suhdetta kuin 3:1, vieläpä 4:1. ja Keywords: der; die; erbse; esim; että; hafer; herneen; hernekauran; kauran; keskim; kuin; mittel; nurmen; oli
• Yleisimpien puutarhakasvien suomenkielinen nimistö by Haapanen, Arvo (1951) - Artemisia ab- rötanum aaroninparta Saxifraga sarmen- tösa agaave Agåve ahkeraliisa— Impätiens-lajeja ajuruoho Thymus akaasia Acäcia akankaali Åjuga akileija Aquilégia alpi Lysimächia alppikello Soldanélla alppiruusu Rhododendron alppitähti Leontopödium alvejuuri Dryöpteris amaryllis (aito) Amaryllis bella- donna Amazonin lilja Éucharis ampiaisyrtti Dracocéphalum ananas Ananas angervo Filipéndula; myös -+ heisiä., jaloa., pensasa., pih- laja-a., töyhtöä. kallioinen Erigeron kalliokielo Polygönatum kamelia Camellia kangasvuokko Pulsatilla ver- nälis kanna Cänna kannusruoho Linaria ka nukka Cörnus karhunköynnös Calystégia karstaohdake Dipsacus karviainen Ribes üva-crispa kataja Juniperus katkero Gentiäna katleija Cattléya kaunokainen Bellis kaunokki Centauréa kaunosilmä— Coreopsis kaurajuuri Tragopögon porri- fölius kehäkukka Calendula keijunkukka Heuchéra keikarinkukka Gardenia keisarinkmunu Lilium bulbi- ferum kello Campanula; myös -*■ alppik., jalok.,kevätk., lumik. Keywords: aito; alba; alpina; alpinum; ananas; artemisia; artisokka; chinénsis; chrysanthemum; communis; että; euphorbia; harmaa; horténsis; hybrida; iso; jalo; japanin; japönica; keltainen; komea; kukka; lajeja; lychnis; malva; myös; nimistön; nimiä; officinalis; ole; palava; pihlaja; prunus; purpurea; puutarhakasvien; saksan; sativum; sekamuotoineen; senécio; silvéstris; siperian; spléndens; ssp; tavallinen; toimikunta; vulgaris
• Kauran nokitaudin ilmenemisestä erilaisissa valoisuussuhteissa by Pohjakallio, Onni (1952) - Saman suuntainen vaikutus kuin päivän pituudella on kauran elontoimintaan, mm. kehityksen nopeuteen ja energiatalouteen, on myös valon intensiteetillä (2,3), ja kauran nopean kasvun on selitetty voivan katkaista nokitauti-infektion kulun (1). Ununterbrochene Belichtung Anfangs io St, danach 24 (%) Si LichtjTg maarm von der __ Keywords: der; die; että; kauran; oli; päivän; taulukko; vaikutus; valoisuus; valon; von
• Olkisilppujen käytöstä kylvöksen katteena by Virri, T. J. (1952) - Heinän oras jäi tällöin samalla tavalla harvaksi ja aukkoiseksi kuin edellisenäkin vuonna, ja sadon vähennys oli ilmeinen, joskaan sen silmävaraista tarkempaan määrittämi- seen ei ollut seuranneiden sotavuosien aikana tilaisuutta. Kain hernekauran pahnoja ei kuitenkaan analysoitu, ja kun herneen ja kauran oljet ovat eri arvoisia, ei sanottuja normeja voitu käyttää näihin nähden, vaan arvioitiin sekapahnoja rehuyksikköön kaikissa tapauksissa 3,7 kg. Keywords: alla; auf; den; der; die; että; hafer; katteen; kuin; kun; lämpötila; maan; myös; oli; olkia; olkikatteen; sadon; stroh; syvyydessä; ton; vaikutus
• Peltojen salaojituksesta II by Kaitera, Pentti (1952) - Senjälkeen kun esitelmäni oli pidetty, on Ruotsissa jul- kaistu komiteanmietintö koneellisesta salaojituksesta (7), ja siinäkin on kiinnitetty tähän seikkaan huomiota sekä arvioitu, että myös Ruotsissa olisi tähänastista suu- remmassa määrässä käytettävä hajaojitusta (behovsdikning) järjestelmällisen oji- tuksen asemesta. Eräs nykyisen salaojitustoiminnan heikkouksia on se, että siinä esiintyvät työt ovat pääosaltaan ammattityövoimalla suoritettavia (5) ja siten suurin osa kustannuksista täytyy rahana maksaa maatilalta pois sensijaan, että maanviljelijät voisivat itse työn suorittaa silloin, kun muilta töiltään joutavat. Keywords: että; hän; keso; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; meillä; ole; ovat; pentti; prof; ruotsissa; salaojituksesta; sen; suomessa; tai; tässä; vain; vielä; voidaan
• Suomen paikallisissa lannoituskokeissa esiintyneiden huippusatojen jakautuneisuus eri leveyspiireille by Pohjakallio, Onni (1952) - Huippusatoraja on ollut niin korkea, että se on saavutettu vain tapauksissa, joissa kasvualustan kunto, kosteussuhteet ja taudit eivät ole sanot- tavasti rajoittaneet kasvua. The number of local fertilizing experiments and the peak yields Kokeiden luku Huippusatoja (%) Number of experiments Peak yields (%) Keywords: että; huippusadot; ibid; kuin; lannoituskokeet; paikalliset; peak; suomessa; vuonna; yields
• Vaihtuvien emästen ja vaihtuvan vedyn kokonaismäärien käytöstä maan kalkintarpeen arvioimisessa by Salonen, Martti (1952) - tn ha kalkkikivijauhetta aiheuttamat muutokset vaihtuvien emästen kokonaismäärissä ja vaihtuvan vedyn määrissä eri maalajeilla. Tässä yhteydessä kiinnostavin on kalkituksen aiheuttama muutos vaihtuvien emäs- ten ja vaihtuvan vedyn kokonaismäärissä. Keywords: bases; calcium; emästen; eri; että; hydrogen; jos; kalkin; kalkintarpeen; kalkituksen; kuin; kun; liming; maan; mukaan; mutta; saatiin; sillä; soil; sum; vaihtuvan; vedyn
• Karjantarkkailutoiminnan kustannukset tarkkailuvuosina 1948/49 ja 1949/50 by Kananoja, Paavo (1952) - lehmää kohti sekä pro- senttina kokonaiskustannuksista on muodostunut eri yhdistyksissä ja eri alueilla varsin erilaiseksi, kuten taulukko s:n luvuista käy selville. 1948/49 608 mk ja tv. Keywords: cost; cows; eri; että; hämeen; keskimäärin; kohti; koko; kuin; kustannukset; lehmää; läänin; ovat; recording; suomen; valtion
• Suomalaisen lampaan villasta ja sen tuotantoon vaikuttavista ulkonaisista tekijöistä by Vainikainen, Viljo ; Hakola, Rauha (1952) - Tämän mukaan ovat lampaat kesäkautena 100 päivässä tuottaneet keskimäärin 966.8+24.0 g villaa sekä talvikautena vastaavasti 601 +2l g ja kevät- kautena 476.6+23 g. Kesäkaudella on siis ratkaiseva osuus villantuotannossamme. Edellä on toisessa yhteydessä jo todettu, että epäedulliset ulkonaiset tekijät vaikuttavat haitallisesti talvi- ja kevätvillan tuotantomäärään Tästä syystä on seu- 160 VILJO VAINIKAINEN JA RAUHA HAKOLA raavassa villan hienouden ja määrän välistä vuorosuhdetta laskettaessa käytetty yksinomaan kesäkauden aineistoa, ja on r:n arvoksi saatu + Mainitusta kertoimesta, joka on lukuarvoltaan merkittävän korkea, samalla kun se on mate- maattisesti varma, ilmenee selvästi, että villan muuttuessa karkeammaksi, villa- määrä lisääntyy. Keywords: aineistoon; als; bei; dass; der; des; die; eri; että; gewesen; hat; ist; kesäkauden; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kuten; lampaan; lampaiden; mukaan; ole; olleet; ollut; ovat; schafe; sekä; sind; suomalaisen; talvija; tutkimuksessa; tämän; und; villan; villasta; von; wolle
• Maidon rasvan ja valkuaisen keskinäisestä suhteesta by Lonka, T. (1952) - Kysymystä käsittelevät tutkimukset viittaavat siis siihen, että maidon rasva- ja valkuaispitoisuus periytyvät ainakin osaksi itsenäisesti toisistaan riippumatta. Analyysit on suoritettu Valion Tampereen laboratoriossa ja on valkuaispitoisuus määritetty n.s. formaliinititrausta käyttäen sekä maidon rasvapitoisuus Gerber- menetelmällä. Keywords: eri; että; fat; kuin; maidon; myös; niin; perusteella; rasvaja; rasvan; rasvapitoisuuden; valkuaispitoisuuden; valkuaista
• Mekaanisesta maa-analyysistä by Heinonen, Reijo (1953) - 2 mm;n seulan läpäissyttä ainesta punnitaan 100 g ja siitä seulotaan vedellä jakuivana 0.6 mm, 0.2 mm ja 0.06 mm fraktiot. ja 8 t. kuuluvat, saadaan jälempänä esitetyn asetelman mukaan alifraktioiden laskeutumisajoiksi 50 sek:n asemesta 29 sek. Keywords: -määrä; clay; että; fraktioiden; joka; maa; min; mmm; mutta; paino; sand; sek; seulan; soil; suspension; tällöin; weight
• Suomalaisen leivän fytiinihappopitoisuudesta by Kurkela, Rakel; Korhonen, Eeva; Rossander, Marjatta; Roine, Paavo (1953) - Tästä liuoksesta pipetoitiin 10 ml ja säestet- tiin 2 mhlla FeCl 3-liuosta (pro 20 ml ja 4 ml). Määritykset suoritettiin kaikkiaan 30 happamasta ja happamattomasta leivästä, joista 21 näytettä oli tehdasvalmisteista, 3 maalaisleipää ja 6 leipää valmistettiin itse. Keywords: acid; bread; content; eri; että; fytiinihapon; fytiinihaposta; fytiinihappopitoisuudesta; helsinki; jauhojen; kuin; leipien; leivän; meal; oli; rye; wheat
• Askorbiinihapon ja dehydroaskorbiinihapon määristä maidossa eri käsittely- ja säilytysvaiheissa by Gyllenberg, Helge; Rossander, Marjatta; Roine, Paavo (1953) - Näissä koe-olosuhteissa on siis askorbiinihappo pääasiassa hapettunut dehydroaskorbiinihapoksi, jota tapah- tumaa ruskea lasi on selvästi ehkäissyt, ja dehydroaskorbiinihapon edelleen muut- tumista on tapahtunut melko vähäisessä määrässä. Tutkittaessa valon vaikutusta askorbiinihapon ja dehydroaskorbiinihapon määriin maidossa todettiin varjostetun päivänvalon aiheuttavan pääasiassa askor- biinihapon hapettumista dehydroaskorbiinihapoksi, kokonais-C-vitamimipitoisuu- den säilyessä lähes muuttumattomana. Keywords: acid; ascorbic; ascorbic acid; content; dehydroascorbic; dehydroaskorbiinihapon; effect; että; hand; kokeen; kokonais; kuin; kuitenkin; maidon; maidossa; milk; mutta; myös; oli; ovat; reduction; sen; siten; total; tätä; vaikutus; vitamiinin; vitamin; vitamin c
• Salaojituskoetoiminnasta Suomessa by Juusela, Taneli (1953) - Salaojien etäisyydet ja ojamäärä hehtaaria kohden laskettuna ovat etelä-Suomen olosuhteissa tärkeimmillä maalajeilla nykyisin seuraavat (9): Kuva 1. 115SALAOJ ITUSKOETOIMINNASTA SUOMESSA 116 TANELI JUUSELA tiivis hietasavi 18 m 600 m/ha tiivis hiesusavi 14 » 650 » aitosavi 16 » 600 » löyhä hieta 30 » 350 » urpahiesu 40 » 300 » urpasavi 80 » 200 » muta 30 » 360 » rahka 20 » 500 » Ojaetäisyydessä viimeisten 20 vuoden kuluessa tapahtuneet tärkeimmät muutokset ovat olleet sen lisääminen 1930-luvulla urpasavessa 30 m:sta 80 rnhin ja urpasavi- hiesussa 20 m:sta 40 m;iin sekä sen pienentäminen viime vuosina rahkasoilla 30 m:sta 20 mäin (13, 14 ja 17). Keywords: area; avo; clay; depth; distance; drainage; drains; edellä; eri; esim; että; farms; field; figure; helsinki; juusela; kaikkiaan; koetoiminnan; kuin; kuva; käytetty; käyttäen; lisäksi; lähinnä; methods; mukaan; myös; nykyisin; oli; ollut; ovat; perusteella; ruotsissa; salaojien; sekä; selvittelyä; sen; soil; suomessa; syvyys; tai; taneli; trials; tämän; vain; varsin; varten; vuoden; vuoksi; vuosina; yhteydessä
• Suomessa viljeltyjen omenalajikkeiden säilyvyydestä varastossa by Jamalainen, E. A. (1953) - Koeaineisto varastoitiin lokakuun alussa ja omenien analysointi tapahtui 15. 11, 19. 12, 27. 1, 8. 3 ja 18.4. Toisella sijalla olivat Antonovka ja Åkerö; viimeksi mainittu pilaantui sangen voimakkaasti Tikkurilassa. Keywords: antonovka; apples; että; hedelmien; hedelmän; herttoniemi; jonathan; kaneli; kokeissa; lindö; oli; olivat; omenien; osa; punainen; storage; table; tai; taul; tikkurila; varastossa; åkerö
• Siemenperusrunkojen vaikutus omenapuiden satovaihteluihin by Säkö, Jaakko (1953) - Parhaiten säilyivät näiden tal- vien yli lajikkeet Lepaan Meloni, Sokeri Miron ja Snygg. Lajike ja puun N:o Variety and no. of tret Kokonaissadot vuosina. Keywords: apple; crops; että; kokonaissadot; lajikkeen; lepaan; miron; ole; omenapuiden; ovat; puiden; puun; puut; ruutu; satoa; siemenperusrungoille; snygg; sokeri; total; trees; vartettujen; years
• Menetelmä laidunnurmen keskimääräistä kasvua kuvaavan käyrän laatimiseksi by Laine, Tauno (1953) - Seuraavassa esitetään menetelmä, jossa keski- määräisen kasvun käyrällä pyritään kuvaamaan nurmen kasvua ja sadon suuruutta sekä niitettävistä että eläinryhmillä laidunnettavista kokeista pitäen lähtökohtana Rappeh esittämää nurmen kasvun kuvaamistapaa. Jotta keskimääräistä kasvua osoittavan käyrän piirtäminen saataisiin mahdolli- simman vähätöiseksi, on laskumenetelmien suorittamiseen ja käyrän piirtämistek- niikkaan kiinnitettävä huomiota. Keywords: average; curve; että; growth; kasvu; keskikasvukäyrä; keskimääräistä; kuin; kun; käyrän; merkitään; mukaan; nurmen; ollut; period; saadaan; sato; sekä; siemenseoskokeen; voidaan
• Mahdollisuuksista tuottaa sokerijuurikkaan siementä kasvupaikallaan talvehtineista juurikkaista Suomessa by Paatela, Juhani; Eskola, Helvi; Mantere, Martti (1953) - Huonoon talvehtimiseen on saattanut vaikut- taa paitsi epäedulliset sääolot ja juurikkaiden huomattava koko varsinkin 1. Koeruudut ovat olleet 18 m2:n suuruisia (20x0.9 m) ja niitä on kylvetty kolme kerrannaista. Keywords: 11—20; beet; että; juurikkaat; keskim; kuin; kylvö; nation; ollut; ovat; overwintering; sato; seed; seeding; siementä; sokerijuurikkaan; sugar; vyys; weight
• Yhdysvaltain soista by Kivinen, Erkki (1953) - 1953 Seuraava esitys perustuu osittain niihin havaintoihin, joita kirjoittaja teki syksyllä 1951 Yhdysvaltain eri puolille suuntautuneen matkansa ohella, osittain ja luonnollisesti suurelta osalta kirjallisuuteen. Suurim- man kannatuksen on saavuttanut termi organic soil ja toiselle sijalle on tullut peat soil. Keywords: erittäin; erkki; etenkin; että; everglades; floridan; hyvin; jopa; kuin; kuva; käytetään; lisäksi; michiganissa; milj; muck; mukaan; mutta; myös; niiden; niin; ole; olevan; ovat; paikoin; peat; runsaasti; ryhmään; sekä; sen; siellä; soiden; soil; soilla; soita; suon; suot; tai; tavataan; turve; usein; vain; verraten; voidaan; yhdysvaltain
• Maatalous Suomen kansantulolaskelmissa by Viita, Pentti (1954) - Tuottojen puolella erä »maataloustuotteiden myynti ja viljelijän oma käyttö» on tärkein, sillä tähän ryhmään kuuluvat mm. seuraavat maataloustuotteet; maito, kotivoi ja kotijuusto hedelmät, marjat ja hunaja kananmunat, liha, vuodat ja villa kukat ja koristekasvit vilja, peruna ja sokerijuurikas siemenet ja rehut vihannekset turkikset ja kotieläinten myynti muille sekto- kehruu- V. 1938 hinnoissa laskettujen bruttotulojen yleinen suunta on tosin ollut v. 1920—1926 nouseva, mutta samanaikaisesti kohoaa väkilantojen ja ulko- maisten rehujen käyttö nopeasti. Keywords: agriculture; edellä; eri; erän; esim; että; hyödykkeiden; income; joka; kansantulolaskelmissa; kuin; kuitenkin; käytetty; laskelmien; maatalouden; mutta; myynti; myös; national; nettokansantuote; ovat; perusteella; saadaan; sekä; sen; suomen
• Sokeri juurikaskantojen aikaisuuden vertailu by Mantere, Martti (1954) - Vuosien 1947—49 koesarjassa oli 6 jäsentä: kaksi hyvin sokeripitoista, El3 ja E 15, kaksi sokeripitoisuudeltaan keskinkertaista parempaa, K 7 ja K 10, sekä kaksi pieniprosenttista, satoisaa, EH 120 ja EH 472 (kuva 1). KasAmaikaa koskevia tutkimuksia on kuitenkin suoritettu, ja hyvin sokeri- pitoiset (ZZ-tyyppi) juurikkaat mainitaan aikaisin kypsyviksi ja pieniprosenttiset satoisat (E-tyyppi) myöhäisiksi (1, 3). Keywords: den; der; des; die; eri; että; hyvin; juuren; kuin; mutta; myös; naatin; ole; ovat; piirros; pol; päivää; satoisilla; und; vegetationsperiode; vuoden; vuosina; välillä
• Rasva- ja valkuaisainepitoisuuden suhteesta suomalaisessa maidossa by Hietaranta, Matti; Niemelä, Kaleva (1954) - Thomé (10) on tutki- nut menetelmän soveltuvuutta meijerien sekamaidon, karjojen maidon ja yksityis- ten lehmien maidon kaseiinipitoisuuden määrittämiseen lähinnä meijeritekniikassa vaadittavaa tarkkuutta silmälläpitäen. Maidon rasva- ja valkuaisainepitoisuuden ja näiden suhteen tuntemisella on merkityksensä ensinnäkin maidon jalostusprosessien tarkkailussa, jossa pyritään raaka-aineen mahdollisimman tarkkaan hyväksikäyttöön. Keywords: 1945—46; casein; eri; että; fat; karjojen; kaseiinipitoisuuden; kuin; lehmien; maidon; maitojen; milk; mukaan; myös; perusteella; protein; rasvaja; rasvapitoisuuden; tämä; valkuaisainepitoisuuden; yksityisten
• Kysynnän hintajoustavuuden määrittäminen ja kysynnän kausivaihtelu by Kaarlehto, Paavo (1954) - Ajateltakoon esimerkiksi kysynnän hintajoustavuuden määritystä varten kerä- tyksi tilastoaineistoa tietyn hyödykkeen myyntimääristä ja hinnoista ja nämä arvot sijoitetuksi hinta-määrä koordinaatistoon kuviossa 1. Maataloustuotteiden piirissä pysyt- täessä antanee voin hinnan ja myyntimäärien regressiosuhteen analysointi ehkä parhainta selvitystä tässä suhteessa (vrt. 4, p. 103). Keywords: arvot; butter; demand; esim; että; figure; fluctuation; hinnan; hintajoustavuuden; hyödykkeen; indices; jos; kausivaihtelun; kuitenkin; kuviossa; kysynnän; muutokset; määrittäminen; olisi; perusteella; price; quantities; tässä; varsin; voidaan; voin; vuoden
• Vehnän kvaliteettijalostuksesta ja sen tuloksista Suomessa by Pesola, Vilho A.; Veijola, Teemu (1954) - Käytetyistä tutkimusmenetelmistä mainittakoon vain, että Pelshenke-mene- telmä on lähinnä kasvinjalostukseen tarkoitettu karkeapiirteinen pikamenetelmä ja että farinografilla saadaan ilmi lähinnä jauhon vedensitomiskyky sekä taikinan kimmoisuus ja kestävyys, mitkä viimemainitut seikat voidaan tietyin tavoin farino- grammista lukien merkitä ns. valorimetri- 1. hyvyyslukuna. Sopu-, Tammi-, Hopea- ja Kimmo-vehnistä on rouhe- ja farinografituloksia runsaasti (taul. Keywords: baking; diam; että; hopea; jok; jokioisten; kauppaan; kimmo; kuin; leivontaominaisuuksiltaan; meillä; mukaan; mutta; myös; olympia; ovat; pesola; quality; sekä; sen; spring; tai; tammiston; taulukko; teemu; timantin; timantti; vakka; varieties; varma; varsin; vehnän; veijola; vilho; wheat
• Karjojen laadullisista eroista by Varo, Mikko (1954) - Tämän seikan mahdollisen vaikutuksen toteamiseksi verrattiin saman sonnin jälke- läisten asemaa toisaalta sekä korkea- että matalaprosenttisissa karjoissa ja näitä alemmassa tai ylemmässä tasossa. Täydennykseksi mainittakoon, että kun laskettiin molempien vanhempien ja poikien suhteellisten arvojen korrelaatio ja keskituotosten ja suhteellisten arvojen painotus vaihteli 2:1, 1:1 ja 1:2, saatiin kertointen arvoiksi 0.33, 0.39 ja 0.43. Keywords: 10—19; als; arvoja; arvojen; arvot; auf; bei; dass; der; des; die; eivät; eläinten; eri; eroista; eroja; erojen; että; herden; ilmeisesti; jos; jälkeläisten; karjan; karjoissa; karjojen; keskimäärin; keskituotosten; koko; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kühe; laadullisista; laadullisten; laadun; laatuerojen; laatuerot; lehmän; leistungen; maidon; mittleren; mutta; myös; niiden; niin; nyt; näin; ole; olisi; osuus; ovat; pienissä; qualitätsunterschiede; relativen; rodun; saatu; saman; sen; sich; siitä; sind; sonnien; stand; suhteellisten; suurempi; suurissa; tabelle; tasossa; taulukko; tulokset; tulos; und; vain; voidaan; von; werte; yksilöiden; yksilön
• Sonnien jälkeläisarvostelun tuloksista erilaisessa ympäristössä by Varo, Mikko (1954) - Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass, wenn die Auslese des Bullen auf Grund des Mittelwertes der einen Tochtergruppe geschehen wäre, die Auslese nach dem hohen Mittelleistungsniveau an der neuen Stelle praktisch gesehen keine besseren Niiden välillä vallitsee kohtalaisen kiinteä ja varma vuorosuhde, mikä viittaa tämänkaltaisten rakenteellisten taipumusten melko vahvaan periyty- miseen. Keywords: der; die; eri; että; karjojen; korrelation; kuin; saatu; sonnien; tulokset; und; vuorosuhde; worden
• Maatalousmaan arvioimisesta Yhdysvalloissa by Kaarlehto, P. H. (1954) - Sen perustana ovat tietyn tilajoukon suhteellisen tarkasti eritellyt ja ryhmitellyt mark- kinahinnat. Texasin valtiossa saatetaan käyttää saman- aikaisesti 5 % ja 8 % korkokantoja. Keywords: appraisal; arvioimisesta; arvo; dollaria; edellä; erikoisesti; esim; esittää; ettei; että; farm; hintatason; jos; jotka; kauppahintoihin; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kuten; kysyntä; land; maan; maatalouden; maatalousmaan; mukaan; murray; myös; näinollen; ole; olisi; ovat; perusteella; pitää; puhdasta; puhtaan; sekä; sen; siitä; sillä; siten; tai; tilan; tilojen; tulevaisuuden; tuoton; tuottoa; tuottoarvon; tämä; tässä; vaikutus; varsin; voidaan; vuokralle; vuokran; yhdysvalloissa
• Korsiviljojen itävyyden pikamääritys 2.3.5-trifenyltetrazoliumkloridilla by Ahlberg, Erkki (1954) - 81 88 + 7 85 + 4 9 , 1 K‘~«> 4 833 » 77 85 + 8 84 + 7 6 » 4 834 » 77 94 +l7 93 +l6 12 » 4 864 » 76 76+0 67 9 0 » 49 425 » 36 37 + 1 36 ± 0 2 » 6 040 » 88 97 + 9 95 + 7 6 » Hallaa Frosigeschädigt 7 283 » 87 90 + 3 88 + 1 4 » » 7 335 » 86 94 + 8 91+5 5 » » 7 125 -> 84 93 + 9 90 + 6 9 ,> » 6 772 » 83 86 + 3 83 ±0 11 » » 5 999 » 83 91 + 8 89 + 6 7 » » 7 339 » 74 82 + 8 80 + 6 ll » » 7 288 » 72 77 + 5 75 + 3 7 » » 6 008 » 70 76 + 6 73 + 3 7 .1 ,> 6 791 ■> 69 71 + 2 70 + 1 6 » » Keskim Durchschn. Fusarium 7 629 * 92 96 + 4 92 + 0 1 Itämiskypsymätön Keimunreif 7 753 » 92 97 + 5 88 4 0 » » 30 961 -> 92 98 + 6 92 + 0 1 49 907 » 92 94 + 2 92 + 0 0 Itämiskypsymätön Keimunreif 6 388 » 91 97 + 6 94 + 3 0 » » 3 565 » 90 96 + 6 91 + 1 4 368 » 90 98 + 8 98 + 8 2 137 » 89 96 + 7 88 1 2 923 » 88 90 + 2 86 2 5 843 » 88 96 + 8 78 —lO 0 5 100 » 87 94 + 7 91 + 4 0 Fusarium 5 842 » 87 94 + 7 80 7 0 Itämiskypsymätön Keimunreif 6 669 » 87 87 + 0 80 7 0 4 659 » 86 92 + 6 88 + 2 0 7 482 » 84 83 1 79 5 2 49 900 » 83 83 ± 0 Keywords: bei; der; die; että; frostgeschädigt; fusarium; hallan; itämiskypsymätön; itävyyden; joissa; keimfähigkeit; keimunreif; keskim; kohdalla; kuin; mit; mukaan; myös; näytteet; näytteiden; olivat; ovat; proben; sandkeimbett; seed; siemen; siitä; tapauksessa; tetrazolium; tulokset; täysin; und; von
• Sokerijuurikkaan kasvukehitys vuosina 1950-1954 ja sadon arvioiminen kasvukaudella viikkonäytteiden perusteella by Kaivola, Aimo (1955) - alkanut hiljal- leen laskea yhteyttämistoiminnan ollessa hidasta ja juurikkaan imiessä vettä. St. sekä todettu lisäkasvu nostoaikaan mennessä viitenä vuotena keskimäärin ja eräinä eniten poikkeuksellisina vuosina. Keywords: 1950—1954; alussa; der; die; eli; elokuun; eri; että; huomattavasti; juuren; juurikkaan; juurikkaiden; kasvukauden; keskimäärin; keskipaino; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; lisäkasvu; lokakuun; mennessä; mukaan; myös; naatin; noin; nostoaikana; oli; ollut; ovat; painon; perusteella; saadaan; sekä; september; sokerijuurikkaan; syyskuun; todennäköisesti; turengin; und; viikkonäytteiden; voidaan; vuonna; vuosina; wurzel; yleensä
• Pystysuorasta lämpötilan jakaantumisesta maan pinnasta ylöspäin ja sen merkityksestä hallantorjunnassa by Pessi, Yrjö (1955) - Ulossäteilytyypin vallitessa lämpötila on taas alhaisin maan rajassa ja nousee ylös päin. = lämpötila minimin esiintymis- korkeudella, t 3, tU) ja t, 5 = lämpötila 3, 10 ja 15 m:n korkeudella minimistä ylöspäin. Keywords: että; kuva; lämpötilan; maan; oli; ollut; pystysuora; sen; temperature; tuulen
• Sokerimaissin viljelystä sekä sitä haittaavista tekijöistä by Hårdh, J. E. (1955) - Kirjallisuudessa esitettyjen tietojen mukaisesti (2) annettiin maissille kumpanakin koevuonna 70 t karjanlantaa, 700 kg Y-lannoitetta (sis. 7% N, 6.5 % P 20 5 , 18.5 % K 2O) ja 100 kg kotkafosfaattiahehtaa- ria kohden. Early Alberta oli v. 1953 kokeilluista sokerimaissilajikkeista satoisin ja aikaisin. Keywords: alberta; botrytis; cinerea; corn; early; että; fusarium; itävyys; maan; oli; ovat; sekä; sen; sokerimaissin; tikkurilassa; tähkän; vuonna
• Gustaf Adolf Bredenberg by Hietaranta, Martti (1955) - Bredenbergs wissenschaftliches Schaffen beginnt mit seiner Doktorarbeit, die in die Zeit fiel, in der der Durchbruch der exakten Naturwissenschaften auch auf dem Gebiet der Land- und Milchwirtschaft vor sich ging. opettajana ja meijeriopin lehtorina Kurkijoen ylemmässä maanviljelys- koulussa v. 1897—98, jonka viimeksi mainitun oppilaitoksen meijerikoulun johta- jana ja ensimmäisenä opettajana hän oli neljättä vuotta, siirtyen 1901 Mustialan opiston meijeriopin opettajaksi. Keywords: bredenberg; der; die; että; gustaf; hän; hänen; jahre; kun; matti; meijeriopin; milchwirtschaft; oli; professor; seine; studien; und; vielä; von; yliopistossa
• Perunasyövän levinneisyys ja torjunta Suomessa by Ylimäki, Aarre (1955) - Sitä mukaan kuin taudin elintapojen tuntemus lisääntyi ja sen suoranainen torjunta laajoilla aloilla näytti mahdottomalta, ryhdyttiin maiden sisäisessäkin perunasyövän torjun- nassa soveltamaan lakisääteisiä pakkotoimenpiteitä. viljeltyjen 25 lajikkeen jakaantumisesta syövänkestäviin ja arkoihin sekä niiden kunkin osuudesta perunan viljelyalaan eri suuruisilla tiloilla sekä keskimäärin koko maassa. Keywords: anzahl; auf; das; der; des; die; eri; että; finnland; helsingin; hämeen; ist; kartoffelkrebs; kauppala; kaupunki; koko; kuin; kun; kuopion; levinneisyys; län; lääni; maassamme; mikkelin; mlk; nach; ole; oli; ovat; perunalajikkeiden; perunasyövän; saastuneiden; sekä; sen; suomessa; syövänkestävien; tab; taudin; todettu; torjunta; turun; und; uudenmaan; vaasan; vain; viljelysten; von; vuonna
• Georg Willehad von Wendt by Paloheimo, Lauri (1955) - Aber diejenigen, die Gelegenheit gehabt haben, Georg von Wendt kennenzulernen, werden sich seiner als ideenreichen Anregers, unvergleichlichen Lehrers und guten Menschen erinnern. Lauri Paloheimo. Georg von Wendt ei alunperinkään aikonut ruveta ammatilliseksi lääkäriksi, vaan halusi pyrkiä lääketieteen perustieteiden, anatomien tai fysiologian, opettajaksi yliopistoon. Keywords: den; der; die; että; georg; hän; hänen; menschen; oli; und; von; wendt; wendtin
• Sokerijuurikkaan harvennustyön tutkimusmenetelmästä by Sipilä, Martti (1955) - Aineistoa kerättiin kaiken kaik- kiaan 248 kokeesta, kukin kymmenen rivimetriä, ja työhön vaikuttavat tekijät kirjattiin koekohtaisesti muistiin työajan ohella. Tutkimuksessa on käytetty yksikkönä kymmentä rivi- metriä ja eri tekijät on määrätty tätä kohti. Keywords: eri; että; jätettyjen; käytetty; laatu; maan; metres; rivimetriä; sokerijuurikkaan; study; taimien; time; työhön; weeds; work
• Tutkimus puutarhaviljelyn tuotosta ja kustannuksesta Malminkartanon opetus- ja koetilalla by Westermarck, N.; Lindvall, Kaja (1955) - Viljelyalan, lannoituksen, kasvinsuojelu- ja hoitotoimenpiteiden suunnittelu ja järjestely. 2) Työväen palkkaaminen sekä työn suunnittelu ja valvonta. 3) Uudishankintojen suunnittelu ja suorittaminen. omenien ja juurikasvien korjuu ja välittömästi seuraava lajittelu. 10) Pakkaus- Keywords: alan; avomaan; costs; crop; edellä; eri; estate; että; fruits; garden; glasshouses; groups; hotbeds; jaettu; jotka; kaja; kasvihuoneet; kasviryhmien; kohden; koristekasvit; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kustannukset; kustannus; kuten; käytetty; labour; labour costs; lavat; liikkeen; malminkartanon; marjatarha; mukaan; myös; ole; ollut; ovat; pinta; plants; proportion; puutarhan; puutarhaviljelyn; return; sekä; sen; small; suhteessa; tilan; total; tuotannonalojen; tuotto; tutkimuksessa; tutkimus; työkustannus; työnmenekki; tämä; tässä; vegetables; vihannekset; välillinen; westermarck; work
• Maamme perunalajikkeiden viljelylaajuus ja viljelyalueet by Saksa, P. J. (1955) - Tammiston aikaisen ja d) Loppupäätelmät Vuoden 1950 maatalouslaskennan yhteydessä suoritettu otantatiedustelu perunalajikkeiden viljelylaajuuksista osoittaa, että myöskin Suomessa viljelty perunalajikkeisto on varsin kirjava, ja että huomattavan suurilla aloilla vielä viljel- lään tuntemattomia, sekalaisia ja maatiaislajikkeita. Keywords: alasta; area; eli; että; koko; kuin; lajikkeiden; maan; peruna; perunalajikkeiden; piirros; potato; sen; sitä; suomessa; tai; taul; varieties; viljellään; viljelmillä; viljelyalasta; yli
• A. E. Sandelin by Juuramo, Jouko (1955) - Sandelin oli mukaansatempaava ja taitava opettaja. ja v. 1938 »Juustonvalmistus» (yhdessä toht. Keywords: butter; dairy; että; helsinki; hän; oli; research; sandelin; science; studies
• Ångströmin hallanennustusmenetelmän soveltamisesta Suomen oloihin by Franssila, Matti (1955) - Ilman staattisen jäähtymisen ennustamiseksi kehitetyt menetelmät voidaan jakaa kahteen päätyyppiin: https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=1AvRPW_mS7DmkRYP.p1zGqcJa2xjNvJnapWM9jg.VdeuzSXuWCVi5dZqvsymPGTPTJhhNnoaXaCKaHn4_aeQxaGc863xhpC-QxiOqSUdkjQ0g_i1jTGyO8QFRvzegl-_P4tCjqEJMjaumkHPDRmdNSekLj5j5NlSTaIwaipIin0m7IkHwJMhZGKKJHaFW5nneNeTe98xZ1Njgw8 64 MATTI FRANSSILA 1) menetelmiin, jotka ottavat huomioon efektiivisen ulossäteilyn ja vaihdon voimakkuuden sekä maan fysikaaliset ominaisuudet ja 2) menetelmiin, jotka perustuvat pääasiassa 2 m korkeudessa suoritettuihin lämpötila- ja kosteusmittauksiin. = Ctt -Cj0 -k olevan lausekkeen, jossa tx on psykrometrin kuivan lämpömittarin ja t 0 kostean lämpömittarin lukema sekä C, C 0 ja k vakioita, jotka riippuvat pilvisyydestä ja paikallisista tekijöistä sekä siitä, minä vuoden- Keywords: avulla; der; die; että; ilman; jotka; sekä; sen; tekijöistä; vakioiden; voidaan; yhtälön
• Tiineysajan pituus viikin opetus- ja koetilan ayrshirekarjassa by Mäkelä, Aarne; Oittila, Raija (1955) - ei saattanut todeta vuorosuhdetta tiineysajan ja ummessaoloajan pituuden välillä. Koko aineiston (ilman kaksosvasikkatapauksia) lehmien ja ensikantoisten lehmien tiineysaikojen keski- arvojen erotus oli 0.39 Keywords: että; kertaa; keskimäärin; kuin; lehmien; lehmän; mukaan; oli; pehu; pituuden; pituus; pituuteen; tiineysaika; tiineysajan; vasikan; vrk
• Orientoitumisvaiheen tulokset Muddusniemen koetilan nurmikasvitutkimuksissa by Pohjakallio, Onni ; Salonen, Arvi (1956) - Nurmikasvi- lajien ja -kantojen talvehtimisen ja satoisuuden kuvauksessa eri kokeiden tulokset on koottu samoihin taulukoihin (taulukot I—4).1 —4). ja v. 1951 varsinaisiin nurmikasvien laji-, kanta- ja vil- jelyteknillisiin kokeisiin. Keywords: abb; apilan; auf; borealis; den; der; die; eri; että; hyvin; jähr; kasvit; kuin; kuitenkin; kuva; mutta; myös; nurmi; oli; olivat; ollut; pohjakallio; pratensis; puna; sadon; sato; sen; tammisto; taulukko; und; vaikutus; vain; viikin; von; vuoden; vuosina; wiese
• Kokeita automaattiruokinnan järjestämiseksi meijerisikalassa by Saarinen, P.; Syrjänen, E.; Hyvärinen, Vuokko (1956) - Toisessa ruokintakokeessa (11/11 -55—30/4 -56) käytettiin aluksi 62 vuoro- kauden ajan samaa perusrehua kuin ensimmäisessä kokeessa ja sen jälkeen toista maissivaltaista seosta, johon valkuaispitoisuuden nostamiseksi oli lisätty mm. 5 % Vaasan Höyrymyllyn valmistamaa »Täysivoima»-nimistä sikojen valkuaisväkirehu- seosta. kg kg g g/Pv 15—20 0.9 117 2.0 1.5 0.5 0.85 120 20—25 1.1 2.0 3.5 0.6 1.08 146 US 25—30 1.3 1.0 5.0 0.8 1.21 146 30—35 1.5 1.0 10.0 0.9 1.65 200 192 35—40 1.7 10.0 1.2 1.77 196 40—45 1.9 12.5 1.2 1.95 218 220 45—.Vi 2.1 15.0 1.2 2.12 241 50—55 2.3 20.0 1.1 2.38 277 250 55—60 2.5 20.0 1.l 2.38 277 60—65 2.6 23.0 1.1 2.59 304 65—70 2.7 23.0 1.1 2.59 304 265 70—75 2.8 25(1 1.2 2.82 331 270 7,-,_SO 2.9 25.0 12 2.82 331 80—S5 3.0 27.0 1.3 3.05 357 270 85—90 3.1 27.0 1.4 3.14 366 90—95 3.2 28.0 1.5 3.30 384 290 95—100 3.3 28.0 1.7 3.4 s 402 197KOKEITA AUTOMAATTIRUOKIN NAN JÄRJESTÄMISEKSI MEIJERISIKALASSA P. SAARINEN, E. SYRJÄNEN ja VUOKKO HYVÄRINEN198 Koetulokset Eri porsasryhmien kasvun kehitys kokeessa 1 on esitetty kuviossa 1 ja kokeessa 2 kuviossa 2. Keywords: carcass; edellä; että; feed; group; heran; koe; kokeen; kokeessa; kuin; kuitenkin; myös; oli; perusrehu; quality; rehun; sikojen; stand; syrjänen; taulukossa; voidaan; vuokko; weight
• Torajyvän viljelykokeista Viikin koetilalla ja eräillä kasvinviljelyskoeasemilla Suomessa by Ruokola, Anna-Liisa (1956) - ja hermotautien parannus- ja lievitysaineina. Onkin todettu, että jos tähkät saastutetaan silloin kun ne juuri ovat vapautuneet tupesta, ja kun rukiin kasvusto on tasaisempaa ja mata- lampaa kuin myöhemmin, saadaan paras saastuntatulos. Keywords: alkaloidipitoisuus; als; apukassa; auf; dem; den; der; des; die; ennen; ensi; eri; että; koetilalla; kokeissa; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; liisa; myös; oli; olivat; ovat; petkus; rukiin; sekä; sen; sklerootioiden; suoritettiin; taulukko; torajyvän; torajyväsato; tähkistä; und; vasta; viikin; von; vuosina; über
• Maataloustraktorien kunnossapitokustannuksesta by Oksanen, Erkki H. (1956) - Edellisiin kuuluvat poisto-, korko-, säilytys-, vakuutus-, vero- ja kunnossapitokustannukset, sekä jälkimmäisiin ajajan palkka ja poltto- ja voiteluainekustannukset. ja n. 59 % dieseltraktorin korjauskustannuksista. Keywords: costs; dieseltraktorin; engine; että; kohden; kunnossapitokustannus; käyttötuntia; maintenance; medium; myös; ovat; paraffin; petrol; prosenttiin; repair; sekä; tractor; traktoreiden; traktorin; use
• Sonnien jälkeläisarvostelun tuloksista erilaisessa ympäristössä II by Varo, Mikko (1956) - Koska sonnien valinta yleensä, ja myös keino- siemennystoimintaan, joudutaan useimmiten suorittamaan vanhempien tulosten perusteella, sallii näinkin suuri sonnien luku jo melko ankaran valinnan isien jälke- läisarvostelu] en nojalla. Säännöllisyysprosentin vuoro- suhde on jopa negatiivinen, ja myös suomenkarjan aineistossa sen arvo on sangen heikko. Keywords: aineistossa; auf; ayrshirerodulla; bei; bullen; das; den; der; des; die; eri; että; für; joka; jälkeläisarvostelun; jälkeläisten; karjojen; keskimäärin; keskituotosten; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; luku; myös; nyt; oli; ovat; perusteella; rodun; saatu; sich; siitä; sind; sonnien; suhteellisten; suomenkarjan; tuloksista; tuotosten; und; vain; von; vuorosuhde; vuorosuhteet; worden
• Eilhard Alfred Mitscherlich by Kivinen, Erkki (1956) - Ne joilla on ollut tilaisuus tutustua häneen, muistavat aina mielihyvin sen kodikkaan ja vaati- mattoman tavan, jolla tämä kuuluisa tutkija on ottanut heidät laitoksessaan vas- taan, perehdyttänyt heidät tutkimusmenetelmien yksityiskohtiin ja ollut valmis keskustelemaan kulloinkin ajankohtaisista ammattikysymyksistä. Mit- scherlichin kasvutekijäin vaikutuslaki esitetään matemaattisesti seuraavasti: / =(A —y) -c dx 81EILHARD ALFRED MITSCHERLICH 82 ERKKI KIVINEN Sen mukaan sadon lisäys (dy) kasvutekijän kohotessa (dxdlä) on suoraan verran- nollinen kysymyksessä olevissa olosuhteissa suurimman sadon (A) ja kasvutekijän arvolla x saavutetun sadon (y) väliseen erotukseen. Keywords: alfred; eilhard; erityisesti; että; hän; hänen; kun; maan; mitscherlichin; oli; ovat; paljon; professori; sadon; sekä; sen
• Eräiden soijalajikkeiden fotobiologisista ominaisuuksista by Pohjakallio, Onni; Antila, Simo (1957) - Fiskeby Fiskeby 846—2—1 843—15—4 Pando Pitkä Lyhyt Pitkä Lyhyt Pitkä Lyhyt valojakso valojakso valojakso valojakso valojakso valojakso Lange Kurze Lange Kurze Lange Kurze Photo- Photo- Photo- Photo- Photo- Fiske- byn jalosteisiin valojakson pituuden vaikutus oli keskenään hyvin samansuuntai- nen, joskin ne muussa suhteessa erosivat toisistaan siten, että Fiskeby 846—2—l kasvoi selvästi korkeammaksi ja tuleentui hiukan aikaisemmin kuin Fiskeby 843 15—4. Keywords: auf; der; die; että; fiskeby; kuin; oli; pando; siemensadon; soija; tabelle; taulukko; vaikutus; valojakso; valon
• Eräiden hitaasti itävien siemenien itävyyden määrityksestä Tetrazolium-menetelmällä by Ahlberg, Erkki (1957) - Itämiskykyisiksi katsottiin siemenet, joiden alkio ja siemenvalkuainen olivat kokonaan värjäytyneet sekä myös sellaiset, joiden siemenvalkuaisessa esiintyi vähäisiä pinnallisia värjäytymättömiä kohtia. Todennäköinen syy poikkeamiin on, että siementä ympäröivää luuta rikottaessa oli syntynyt vioit- tumia, jotka jäivät värjäytymättä ja siten terveitä siemeniä joutui lasketuksi kuolleitten ryhmään. Keywords: ajan; der; die; että; itävyyden; joiden; jälkeen; koesarja; näytteet; oli; pirus; samen; siemenet; siementen; test; vain; voidaan
• Pohjamaan huokoisuussuhteista Suomen maalajeissa by Heinonen, Reijo (1957) - Ensin kaivettiin lapiolla 30 cm:n syvyinen kuoppa ja kuopan pohjaan hakattiin sitten erikoisrakenteinen näytteenottoputki (kuva 1), jolla voi ottaa puhtaita ja ehjiä 60 cm:n pituisia profiilipötkyjä. Lisäksi otettiin näiden havaintojen täydentämi- seksi kuudesta koealasta näytteet vain yhden kerran, valiten sellaisen ajankohdan ja koepaikan, että maan voitiin olettaa olevan kenttäkapasiteetissa. Keywords: että; fig; helsinki; ilmatila; kuin; kun; kuva; maan; mutta; pohjamaan; saakka; suomen; syvyyteen; vain
• Sadon riippuvaisuus väkilannoituksen ja kesän lämpöolojen vaihteluista Suomessa: Regressioanalyyttinen tarkastelu by Kiiskinen, Auvo (1957) - Edellä viitatuissa ja muissa vastaavanlaisissa selvityksissä (1, 2,5), joissa korrelaatiokertoimilla on kuvattu eri säätekijäin vaikutusta satoisuuteen, laskelmat ovat kohdistuneet yksinomaan aikaan, jolloin lämpötilan yleissuunta oli nouseva. Kuviosta nähdään, että vain kahtena vuotena 26 sta todellisen ja lasketun satoisuusluvun poikkeama kohoaa 10 %:n suuruusluokkaan. Keywords: elokuun; että; fertilization; helsinki; keskilämpötilan; kuin; oli; ovat; satoisuuden; siihen; temperature; touko; volume; väkilannoituksen; yield
• Torajyväsienen, Claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul.:n sklerotioiden itämisestä by Ruokola, Anna-Liisa (1957) - Kesällä 1953 tehtiin torajyvien itämishavaintoja koekentällä (n. 14 m 2), joka edel- lisenä vuonna oli ollut Petkus-kevätrukiin kasvupaikkana, ja jossa ei syyskyntöä oltu suoritettu. Sklerotioiden itämistä tapahtui vain 1. ja 2. Keywords: das; der; des; die; että; kaltbehandlung; koesarjassa; kpl; kuin; luku; myös; niiden; oli; rukiin; sklerotien; sklerotioiden; tabelle; taulukko; torajyvien; torajyväkannan; torajyvät; trichothecium; und; von; über
• Solanum tuberosum L. ja S. demissum Lindl.-lajien välisten risteytysten F1-polvessa ilmenneestä kasvullisesta muuntelusta by Laurila, Kaiho (1957) - Helsingin yliopiston kasvipatologian laitoksen perunakokeissa on todettu Solanum tuberosum L. ja Solanum demissum LiNDL.-lajien välisten risteytysten Fj-polvessa spontaanista, kasvullista muuntelua tavanomaista runsaammin, joten sen luonteeseen jouduttiin kiinnittämään erityistä huomiota. Koeaineiston kasvuaika (taulukko 3) muodostui vv. 1950 ja 1953 erittäin pitkäksi tavallista myöhempään jatkuneiden lämpimien säiden vuoksi. Keywords: 1951—53; aikainen; antosyaniväri; demissum; den; der; die; että; kloonien; knollen; kuin; kuiva; mukulain; muuntelua; oli; ollut; ovat; sen; solanum; tammiston; taulukko; tuberosum; und; varsiston
• Torajyväsienen, Claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul.:n, leviämisestä ja torjunnasta by Ruokola, Anna-Liisa (1957) - Rukiin jyvän suurentumista torajyvän korjuun ja rukiin leikkuun välisenä aikana ei ollut varmuudella todettavissa. Torajyvän viljelykokeista Viikin koetilalla ja eräillä kasvinviljelyskoe- asemilla Suomessa. Keywords: den; der; des; die; ensi; että; infizierten; kpl; kuitenkin; mutterkörner; oli; roggen; rukiin; saastutetun; tabelle; taulukko; torajyviä; torajyväsienen; tähkien; viikin; von; vrt; vuosina
• Turvenäytteiden kuivaamisen ja jauhamisen vaikutuksesta analyysituloksiin by Kivekäs, Jaakko (1958) - Tarkasteltaessa taulukossa 1 ilmoitettuja vesilietteestä suoritettujen pH-määritysten tuloksia, voidaan havaita, että kuivattamisen ja jauhamisen jäl- keen suoritettujen mittauksien tulokset ovat jonkin verran suurempia kuin tuo- reesta materiaalista suoritettujen, ts. Havaitaan, että kuivattamisen ja jauhamisen jälkeen näyt- teistä on uuttunut huomattavasti enemmän ammoniumtyppeä kuin tuoreista, ja että lisäykset ovat tilastollisestikin luotettavia. Keywords: erotus; että; ilmakuiva; johdosta; kuin; kuivattamisen; näytteiden; näytteissä; ole; ovat; sekä; soil; suoritettujen; tuore
• Tyttärien karjojen tuotantotason vaikutuksesta sonnien maidontuotantoarvoihin by Suvenvuo, K. G. (1958) - Jokaista son- nien tyttärien maitotuotosta on verrattu karjansa keskiarvotuotokseen samana tarkkailuvuotena ja tyttärien maitotuotosten sekä karjojen keskiarvotuotosten keskiarvoista laskettu suhteelliset maidontuotantoarvot. Taulukossa 1 on esitetty tutkittujen sonnien tyttärien tuotosten lukumäärät ja maitotuotosten keskiarvot kolmelta ensimmäiseltä tuotantovuodelta, kun aineisto on jaettu karjojen tuotantotason perusteella edellä esitetyllä tavalla. Keywords: der; eri; että; karjojen; keskiarvotuotosten; maitotuotosten; myös; ole; ovat; perusteella; sen; siis; sonnien; taulukossa; tuotantoluokassa; tuotantotason; tuotosten; tyttäret; tyttärien
• Alternaria-, Fusarium- ja Venturia-itiöden runsaus ilmassa by Hårdh, J. E.; Sulkinoja, M. (1958) - Vuonna 1957, jolloin alkukesä oli runsassateinen ja jolloin sateen määrä oli suurin 11.6., todettiin Alternaria-itiöitä runsaimmin sanottuna päivänä (kuva 3). päivinä oli vuorokauden keskilämpö huomattavan korkea Sanot- tuna aikana oli 14 sadepäivää, ja vuorokauden sademäärä kunakin sadepäivänä alle 5 mm. Keywords: aikana; air; alternaria; että; fusarium; ilman; ilmassa; itiöiden; itiöitä; jolloin; klo; kpl; kuva; määrä; oli; sateen; sekä; sen; spore; trap; vain; venturia; vuorokauden
• Pihatossa saatavan lannan ominaisuuksista by Ylänen, Mikko (1958) - Lisäksi on muodostettu vielä kaksi ryhmää, joista toiseen kuuluvat lantakerroksen pohja- osasta ja toiseen pintaosasta otetut näytteet. Ryjmät 111 ja IV tuor. Keywords: aikana; der; des; die; edellä; eri; että; kalia; kertainen; kesän; kohdalla; kuiva; lannan; lannassa; mukaan; myös; noin; näytteet; oli; ovat; ryhmä; trsbst; typen; und
• Salaojien ruostetukkeutumien torjumisesta vesilukkoja käyttämällä by Seppälä, Niilo (1958) - Mainitut vedet tulisi sen vuoksi johtaa omaa salaojajohtoaan myöten joko omaan laskuaukkoonsa tai vasta ojaston laskuaukon ja sen yläpuolella olevan vesilukon välillä yhteiseen lasku- aukkoon. Sakan yleinen väri oli selvästi harmaampi kuin ennen koetta avatuissa ojissa 4 ja 5. Keywords: drain; ennen; että; ilman; jälkeen; kuin; laskuaukon; laskuaukosta; mg/1; myös; ojassa; ojasto; oli; ollut; outlet; ovat; rust; sakan; sediment; sen; sitä; traps; veden; voidaan; vuoksi; water
• Gibberellihapon vaikutuksesta eräisiin puutarhakasveihin by Kurki, Lea (1958) - Wittwerui ja BuKOVAcin (17) kokeissa saatiin tutki- tuista parsakaali-lajikkeista markkinoitavaa satoa 10—15 päivää normaalia aikai- semmin, kun niitä oli viikottain käsitelty gibberellihapolla niin monta kertaa, että kukin kasviyksilö sie- mensadon tuleentumisen ja sadon aikaisuuden kannalta jopa ratkaiseva merkitys. Keywords: acid; että; freesia; gibberellihapon; oli; plants
• Viikin opetus- ja koetilalla noudatettu lehmävasikoitten ruokintajärjestelmä by Mäkelä, Aarne (1958) - Edelleen näytti siltä kuin vasikoitten ja hiehojen runsas ruokinta saattaisi johtaa hedelmällisyyden heikkenemiseen. Ainoastaan kolmelta vasikalta tunnetaan heinän kulutus yhden kuukauden iässä ja oli kullakin vasikallanoin 100 gramman suuruus- luokkaa. Keywords: age; calves; että; heiniä; heinän; ikään; iässä; jälkeen; keskimäärin; kg ja; koetilalla; kohti; koska; kuin; kuiva; kun; kuorittua; kuuden; kuukauden; lisäksi; maidon; maitoa; mennessä; milk; months; mukaan; myös; noin; oli; ovat; paino; saivat; sekä; standardiruokinnalla; täysimaitoa; vapaasti; vasikat; vasikoilla; vasikoitten; viikon; vuoden; väkirehua
• Syväkastelun ja olkikatteen vaikutuksesta maaveden jännitykseen aitosaven pohjamaassa by Vuorinen, Jouko (1958) - ja saavutti vas- taavasti myöhemmin (17.7.) Sen vuoksi olisi meillä varottava keväällä maan liiallista kuivumista ja suojeltava ja lisättävä maan kos- Keywords: että; fig; maan; maaveden; moisture; noin; oli; pohjamaan; sen; soil; vain
• Kokeita automaattiruokinnan järjestämiseksi meijerisikalassa. II by Saarinen, P.; Syrjänen, E.; Hyvärinen, Vuokko (1958) - Tämän jälkeen alkoi kuivaheraryhmä jäädä huomattavasti jälkeen, ja se oli teuraskuntoinen vasta 4 viikkoa myöhemmin kuin muut ryhmät. points increasek kS % 1 2 3 kesk,rn ' in carcassAvera*e weight. Keywords: consumption; että; feed; group; hera; increase; kokeen; kuin; oli; perusrehu; ryhmä; weight; whey; ynnä
• Pensasmustikan viljelyä haittaavista tekijöistä Suomessa by Hårdh, J. E. (1959) - poistettiin muovi, ja tällöin oli Piikkiön sieni- isolaatilla inokuloiduista versoista kolmessa tyypilliset sinertävät laikut, Kanadasta saadulla sieni-isolaatilla inokuloiduista niinikään kolmessa, kun taas kontrolliver- soissa oli haava umpeutunut eikä laikkua ollut niissä havaittavissa. Puutarhantutkimuslaitoksella suoritettiin v. 1958 lukui- sia eristyksiä sairaista lehdistä, ja tällöin saatiin puhdas viljelyinä Botrytis cinerean kaltaista sientä. Keywords: 1958; blueberry; cassandrae; että; fig; fusicoccum; godronia; june; kuva; myös; ole; oli; ovat; pensasmustikan; piikkiössä; putrefaciens; rancocas; runsaasti; sekä; sen; tai
• Syysvehnän valkuaispitoisuudesta by Ring, Orvo (1959) - Jo yleissilmäys * Kasvinviljelyslaitoksen kertomukset v. 1955 ja 1957. Päätelmät Saman vehnälajikkeen eri yksilöiden ja samankin yksilön eri tähkien sekä eri tähkän osista kasvaneiden jyvien valkuaispitoisuudet ja painot vaihtelevat hyvin paljon. Keywords: der; des; die; eri; että; ist; jyvien; kpl; körner; oli; sorte; tabelle; tähkän; und; valkuaispitoisuus; varma; vehnän
• Urearuiskutusten vaikutus omenapuun lehtien typpipitoisuuteen by Säkö, Jaakko (1959) - Runsassateisen loppukesän aikana kontrollipuiden lehtien typpipitoisuus kohosi ja oli syyskuun puolivälissä selvästi suurempi kuin kesä- omenapuiden lehtien typpi- ja samalla niiden kloro- fyllipitoisuus saada suuremmaksi kuin siinä tapauksessa, että sama typpimäärä annetaan maahan. Keywords: apple; että; kuin; leaves; lehdissä; lehtien; nitrogen; oli; omenapuiden; puiden; sprays; trees; urea
• Puna-apilan siementuholaisten esiintyminen ja runsaus Suomessa v. 1936 by Markkula, Martti; Valle, Otto (1959) - Puna-apilan siementuholaisten levinneisyys, runsaus ja tuhoisuus Suomessa sekä tuhojen torjunta. Kesällä 1958 Tuho- cläintutkimuslaitokselle hankitussa puna-apilan mykerönäyteaineistossa oli erit- täin runsaasti apilan siemensääsken toukkia, ja ne olivat näytteiden sisältämistä Kuva 3. Keywords: apilan; apilanirpun; apion; apricans; assimile; clover; että; kuva; lajin; oli; puna; runsaus
• Herne ja virna lypsylehmien rehuna by Uotila, Irja (1959) - Seosviljelyssä (tavallisesti kauran kanssa) lakoutumisen vaara on pienempi, ja herne- ja virna tuleentuvat niissä aikaisemmin, joten niitä voidaan viljellä nykyistä pohjoisempana. Onpa todettu, että seosviljelyksessä tuleentuminen tapahtuu nopeammin, joten se tekee mahdolliseksi herneen ja virnan viljelyn satoja kilometrejä niiden nykyisiä viljelyrajoja pohjoisempana. Keywords: crude; että; fat; fodder; group; herneen; hernettä; meal; milk; niiden; oli; pea; period; protein; rehujen; ryhmä; table; tai; test; vetch; virnaa; väkirehujen
• Havaintoja ja laskelmia lehmävasikoitten sekä hiehojen kasvusta Viikin koetilan karjassa by Mäkelä, Aarne (1959) - Sensijaan kaksi vasikkaa painoi 6 kuukauden iässä vain n. 130 kg, yhden vuoden iässä n. 200 kg ja 1 % vuoden iässä n. 250 kg. Tämän jälkeen sonnivasikoitten kasvu on nopeampi kuin lehmävasikoitten, ja kuuden kuukauden iässä eroavuutta lisäkasvussa on jo 10—20 kg (11, s. 353; 10, s. 282 ja s. 295). Keywords: birth; calves; ensimmäisenä; että; ikään; iässä; keskimäärin; kilon; kuin; kuukauden; lehmävasikoitten; mukaan; oli; ovat; painon; sekä; standardipoikkeama; syntyessä; syntymäpainon; säkäkorkeuden; säkäkorkeus; vasikan; vasikoilla; vasikoitten; vuoden; weight; yhden
• Omenien putoamisen vähentämisestä ennen sadonkorjuuta ja sen aikana by Säkö, Jaakko (1959) - Mukana oli seitsemän omenapuulajiketta, nimittäin Bergius, Sävstaholm, Melba, Atlas, Wealthy, Äkerö ja Antonovka. Samalla verrattiin toisiinsa paine- ja sumuruiskun vaikutusta, jolloin sumuruiskulla annettu liuos oli 2,4,5-TP:n osalta neljä kertaa ja Tween 20:n osalta kaksi kertaa väkevämpää kuin paineruiskua käytettäessä. Keywords: 2,4,5; acid; antonovka; apples; application; days; drop; ennen; että; harvest; kuin; käytettäessä; myös; omenien; ppm; sen; tween; vaikutus; varieties
• Maatalousilmatieteellisestä tutkimustyöstä Kanadassa by Juusela, Taneli (1960) - Merkinnät tarkoittavat: 1 = ilman sisääntuloaukko 2 = tuuletin moottoreineen 3 = ilman varasisääntuloaukko 4 = lämmityskaapelit 5 = ilman ulospääsyaukko ja sen venttiili 6 = loistevalaisinputkisto 100 101 6—lß. Tämän vuoksi tutkimustoiminta kohdistuu näillä alueilla ennen muuta maan vesitalouden järjestelymahdollisuuksien (7) ja tarpeettoman haihtumisen vähentämismahdollisuuksien selvittelyyn (kuva 3). Keywords: aikana; canada; esim; että; ilman; jatkuvasti; jääkerros; kanadassa; kuva; maan; myös; oli; sekä; sen; varten
• Kevätviljojen itävyydestä kuivan kasvukauden jälkeen by Hilli, Aarne (1960) - % kpl, % kpl. % kpl. Keywords: angaben; der; die; että; gerste; itävyys; kaksitahoinen; kaksitahoisesta; kaura; kaurasta; kevätvehnä; kevätvehnästä; kpl; monitahoisesta; ohra; ohrasta; oli; proben; sekä
• Kanatalouden teknillinen ja taloudellinen kehitys siipikarjanhoitajain liiton kirjanpitoiminnan tulosten valossa by Westermarck, N. (1960) - Kirjanpito on sen jälkeen jatkunut, joskin se oli keskeytyksissä sodan aikana ja eräinä muinakin vuosina 1930-luvulla. Kir- janpitovuosina 1933 ja 1938 oli kokonaistuotto huomattavasti alempi, mikä joh- tui kuitenkin suurelta osalta silloisesta alemmasta tuotostasosta. Keywords: egg; eggs; että; family; feed; hen; income; kanaa; kohti; laskettu; luvulla; luvun; myös; ole; oli; ollut; ovat; poultry; price; production; table
• Maatilojemme hoidon jatkuvuus ja ns. maaltapako by Mäki, Antti; Honkanen, Maire; Räsänen, Matti (1960) - Viljelijöiden jakaantu- minen ikäluokkiin koko maassa ja eri alueilla esitetään seuraavassa asetelmassa. Seuraavassa asetelmassa esitetään viljelijäperheiden jakaantuminen lapsiluvun mukaan koko maassa ja eri alueilla. Keywords: alueella; area; cent; children; country; eri; että; ikä; keskim; koko; kuin; lasten; maa; maassa; mukaan; myös; noin; oli; osa; ovat; siirtyneiden; tai; tilan; tutkimuksen; vain; viljelijän; viljelijäperheiden; viljelijöiden
• Tärkeimpien peltokasvien hehtaarisatojen kehitys Suomessa by Yllö, Leo (1961) - Suhteellisen eniten oli noussut kauran ja vähiten perunan ja rukiin sato. Kevätvehnän vaihte- lukerroin (15 %) oli hieman suurempi kuin rukiin, mutta pienempi kuin ohran (18 %) ja kauran (19 %). Keywords: den; der; die; että; hehtaarisatojen; kauran; luvulla; oli; olivat; sadot; satotason; suomessa
• Tulotason vaikutuksesta elintarvikemenoihin ja kulutusmääriin by Kaarlehto, Paavo (1961) - Tutkimustehtävään ryhdyttäessä oli ratkaistava kaksi tärkeää kysymystä: 1) millaista funktiotyyppiä olisi käytettävä tulojen ja kulutuksen vuorosuhdetta tut- kittaessa ja 2) miten kulutustutkimusta varten kerätyistä tiedoista voitaisiin saada mahdollisimman homogeeninen aineisto tulojoustokertoimien määrittämistä varten. Kertoimien bj, ba , b m ja b D estimaatit käyvät ilmi seuraavasta asetelmasta. Keywords: adjustment; aineiston; aineistosta; elasticity; että; food; hedelmät; koko; kun; log; ole; perheen; products; sekä; semilog; tulojen; voidaan
• Masuunikuonan ja hienafosfaatin maata kalkitseva vaikutus pitkäaikaisen laboratoriokokeen perusteella by Barkoff, Eugen (1961) - Kun on todennäköistä, että rautateollisuus Suomessa tulee laajenemaan ja siten saadaan ehkä paljonkin masuunikuonaa, pantiin Maatalouden tutkimuskes- kuksen maanviljelyskemian ja -fysiikan laitoksessa syksyllä 1951 alkuun pieni koe laboratoriomittakaavassa masuunikuonan vaikutuksien selvittämiseksi. Eniten tuntuu lisäys hienossa hiekassa, vähemmän ja keskenään suunnil- leen yhtä paljon hietasavessa ja saraturpeessa. Keywords: abb; bei; der; des; die; durch; että; kokeen; kuin; kuten; maan; merkit; oli; piirroksessa; und; vaikutus; von
• Sisäkkäisjyvistä eri kauralajikkeilla ja niiden vaikutuksesta siementavaran puhtauteen by Jokela, Meri (1961) - teli00.10.096—0.09 % ja oli sama tai pienempi kuin irrallisten roskien määrä. Tällaisessa sisäkkäis- jyvässä on useimmiten ulkojyvä tyhjä, ja sisäjyvä on kehittynyt normaalia sisä- Foto O. Ulvinen. Keywords: eri; että; grains; keskim; kpl/100; kuin; lajikkeilla; myös; määrä; oli; seed; sisäkkäisjyvien
• Boorin niukkuus raudanpuutostaudin aiheuttajana kaurassa rahkasuolla by Heinonen, Reijo (1961) - Niissä oli tiheässä lyhyitä paksuja haaroja ja kyhmyjä ja niiden väri oli kellanruskea, mikä erotti ne myös värivalokuvissa selvästi terveiden kasvien valkeista juurista. Monissa maissa on todettu raudan puutetta rahkasoilla (1, s. 59, 8), mutta sen kytkeytymistä boorin puutteeseen ja boorin ratkaisevaa vaikutusta kauran juurien kehitykseen ei liene aikaisemmin havaittu kenttäolosuhteissa. Keywords: alueella; boorin; boron; että; joka; kasvien; kaurassa; kuin; kuparin; mutta; myös; oli; puute; puutetta; raudan
• Super-, thomas- ja hienofosfaatin vaikutuksesta mutasuolla by Takala, Mauri (1961) - ja olkisadot kg/ha (4 vuotta). V. 1941 ei fosfaattilannoitusta annettu ollenkaan ja kalilannoituskin oli vain 60 kg/ha K.O. Vuosilta 1943 ja 1944 ei ole koetuloksia käytettävissä. Keywords: että; kalkitus; liming; psf; ptf; slag; years; yield
• Pellon arvosta Liperin kunnassa vuosina 1956-1960 by Ryynänen, Viljo (1962) - ja talousrakennuksin varustettua ja vain talousrakennuksin varustettua verohehtaaria kohden. Talousrakennuksin varustetun verohehtaarin arvoksi tuli tutki- muksen mukaan 134 000 mk ja I luokan pellon arvoksi talousrakennuksineen 174 000 mk/ha. Keywords: arvioitu; arvo; arvoksi; että; field; hectare; hinta; kaupoissa; kohden; kuin; kun; liperin; luokan; maan; maatilojen; maksettu; mukaan; oli; pellon; peltoa; peltohehtaarin; perusteella; price; rakennetun; rakennusten; rakentamattomien; sekä; value; verohehtaaria
• Upto-perunan merkitys Mikkelin läänin maanviljelysseuran alueella by Seppänen, Esko; Huokuna, Erkki (1962) - Maatiaisperuna Haalikainen edusti ihanteellista makusuuntaa, sillä se sai arvosanaksi 9.8, Upto ja Jaakko saivat vas- taavasti 7.8 ja 7.6 (8 ja 8). Haalikainen näyttää jo v. 1950 hävinneen 15 ha suuremmilta viljelmiltä ja Jaakko on jo v. 1959 syrjäyttänyt Upton niillä. Keywords: alueella; area; että; jaakko; lajikkeet; lajikkeiden; mutta; oli; ollut; ovat; potato; savon; sen; sitä; upto; variety; viljelmillä; vuoden
• Lisätietoja torajyvän viljelykokeista Viikin koetilalla by Ruokola, Anna-Liisa (1962) - Lannoite levitettiin oraille v. 1959: 13.5., v. 1960: 28.4. ja v. 1961: 4.5. 123 lannoituksena 20 tonnia karjanlantaa, 300 kg superfosfaattia ja 160 kg 50 % kali- suolaa hehtaaria kohti. Keywords: conidia; ensi; ergot; että; ilman; kuin; kuromia; kuromien; oli; olivat; rukiin; rye; taulukko; torajyvän; vaikutus; vuosina; yield
• Lyhytpäiväkrysanteemin pistokasmonistus- ja taimikasvatuskokeista by Kaukovirta, Erkki (1962) - Hormonikäsittelyn vaikutus tuli esiin ensisijaisesti juurten lukumäärän lisääntymisessä, kun sen sijaan juuren pituuskasvuun ja verson kehitykseen sillä tuskin oli havaittavaa vaikutusta. SEARLEn ja MACHiNin (18) selostamissa kokeissa eri lajikkeiden havaittiin tarvitsevan tietyn pituisen 199 kasvuajan ennen pimentämisen aloittamista, ja todettiin sen vaihtelevan lajik- keesta riippuen 6:sta 20 vrk:een. Keywords: alustalla; average; chrysanthemum; cuttings; eri; että; experiment; halo; hiekka; juuriston; krysanteemin; kuin; media; multa; oli; ovat; penkkiin; pistokkaiden; pituus; propagation; rooting; sen; silvertone; suoraan; taulukko; turvehiekka; verson
• Jäykkien savien pintakerroksen laadusta by Heinonen, Reijo (1962) - Tarkasteltaessa hiilipitoisuuden suhdetta mullan ja jankon savespitoisuuteen pellon ylä- ja alapäässä ilmeni, että yläpäässä mullan hiili- ja savespitoisuuksien välillä on melko voimakas positiivinen korrelaatio (r = o.47***, piirros 6). ja b-pisteille on laskettu yhteinen regressiosuora, minkä ohella on viit- teennä pilkkuviiva 45°;ssa. Keywords: aitosavea; alapäässä; clay; content; että; fields; fig; jankon; koko; kuin; mukaan; multakerroksen; oli; savespitoisuus; subsoil; topsoil
• Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden käytöstä krysanteemin ja joulutähden viljelyssä by Kaukovirta, Erkki (1963) - CCC ja Arno 1618, hillitsivät krysanteemin kasvua. Arno 1618 15.12. 24. 11, Phosfon D:n ja CCC:n vaikutus kukinnan alkamiseen oli vähäistä, mutta sen- sijaan Keywords: 1962; amo; arno; ccc; day; eri; että; growth; kasvien; kasvua; kuin; käsittelemätön; käsittely; lehtien; oli; phosfon; phosfon d; pinching; päivä; rel; taulukko; treatment; untreated; vaikutus; viik
• Kevätviljapeltojen ja niiden pientareiden kasveista Laihialla by Raatikainen, Mikko; Raatikainen, Terttu (1964) - Jokilaaksoissa vallitsee savi, ja nii- den väliset kohoumat ovat moreenia tai hiekkaa. ja hiekka- maalla olevia viljelyksiä tutkimusaineistoon ei ole saatu, ja hienot hietamaat on käsitelty savimaiden kanssa yhtenä ryhmänä nimellä savimaat. Keywords: arvensis; cereal; clay; cover; deschampsia; edges; eri; esiintyy; että; fields; frequency; galeopsis; jälkeen; kevätviljan; kuin; kuitenkin; lajeja; lajien; lajit; media; mukaan; mutta; myös; niiden; nurmen; ole; olevan; ollut; ovat; peat; pelloissa; peltojen; phleum; pientareiden; pientareissa; pratense; repens; rumex; savimaalla; soil; species; spring; stand; stellaria; strips; table; tai; taulukko; trifolium; turvemaalla; vain
• Mustaherukan C-vitamiinipitoisuuteen vaikuttavista tekijöistä by Hårdh, J. E. (1964) - Tämä johtunee mustaherukalla osittain siitä, että marjojen C-vitamiinipitoisuus alenee nopeasti marjojen kypsymisen edistyessä ja että on vaikeata saada marjanäytteitä, jotka kypsyysasteeltaan tarkoin vastaisivat toisiaan. Monissa hedelmissä ja marjoissa, kuten omenassa, mansikassa, tomaatissa ja ruusunmarjassa lisääntyy C-vitamiinipitoisuus hedelmän kypsyessä (5, 8,9, 10). Keywords: berries; black; brödtorp; content; eri; että; kuin; marjojen; mean; mustaherukan; oli; sekä; vaikutusta; vitamiinipitoisuus; vitamin; vuonna; vuosina
• Ruudun koko perunan lajikekokeissa by Yllö, L. (1965) - Tulosten tarkastelua Lajikkeiden satoisuussuhteista mainittakoon, että keskimääräinen mukulasato oli, huomioonottaen kaikki lajikkeet, v. 1963 32.4 tn/ha ja seuraavana vuonna 29.4 tn/ha. Multakerroksen vahvuus oli n. 30 cm, ja jankko oli liejusavea. Keywords: esim; että; kerranteita; koon; oli; olivat; perunan; plot; ruudun; ruutu; ruutuja; seuraavana; size; suuri; tainta; vuonna
• Maatalousrakennusten määrä ja arvo sekä rakennusten kapasiteetin hyväksikäyttö eräiden Pohjois-Karjalan kuntien alueella vuonna 1960 by Ryynänen, Viljo (1965) - Karjakeittiön, maitohuoneen ja muiden aputilojen alan tarvehan riippuu paitsi nautayksiköiden luvusta myös eläinlajista, tuotantosuunnasta ja hoito- ja ruokintamenetelmästä. Toiseen kuuluvat ne viljelmät, joiden kotieläinrakennusten ikä on ollut alle 20 vuotta ja toiseen ne viljelmät, joilla on tätä vanhemmatkotieläinrakennukset. Keywords: 111; ala; alle; area; arvo; buildings; capacity; class; enemmän; eri; esitetty; että; farms; feed; hectare; hyväksikäyttö; jälkeen; jälleenhankinta; kapasiteetin; keskimääräinen; kohti; korsirehuvarastojen; kotieläinrakennusten; kotieläinten; kuin; kun; käytetty; land; laskettu; livestock; livestock buildings; luku; luokassa; lähes; mukaan; mutta; myös; määrä; noin; ole; oli; olivat; ollut; osa; ovat; peltoalan; peltohehtaaria; peltohehtaaria kohti; pinta; rakennukset; rakennusten; sekä; size; storages; straw; suuri; suuruusluokan; table; tai; tapauksissa; tarve; taulukko; tutkittujen; tutkituilla; tutkituilla viljelmillä; tässä; utilisation; varastot; viljelmien; viljelmillä; viljelmäsuuruusluokittain; viljelmät; vuotta
• Mustaherukan kukankehitys ja marjanmuodostus by Hårdh, J. E.; Wallden, Johanna (1965) - Kukanaiheiden kehitysnopeus riippuu päivän pituudesta, ja kehitys näyttää alkavan vasta sitten, kun päivä on lyhentynyt noin 13 tuntiin. ja lehdenkasvu ja aiheuttaa siten kukanaiheiden heikke- nemistä sekä marjan varisemista seuraavana vuonna (9). Keywords: 1964; aikana; alkaa; alkoi; brödtorp; eri; erilaistuminen; että; kehitys; kuin; kukanaiheet; kukanaiheiden; kukinta; kukkien; kun; lajikkeilla; lepaan; musta; mustaherukan; myöhemmin; myös; oli; ovat; pollination; pölytys; sekä; sitä; table; taulukko; variety; viik; viikissä; wellington; xxx
• Pelto-ojituksen nimistön kehittyminen vv. 1745-1962 by Juusela, Taneli (1965) - Soiden »walda-ojat» kehoitettiin kaivamaan 2 kyynärän (120 cm) syvyisiksi ja levyisiksi ja »syrjäojat» 1 x/2 kyynärän (90 cm) syvyisiksi. Avo-ojituksesta siinä sanotaan, että »ojien tulee muodostaa riittävän tehokas ja tarkoituksenmukainen järjestelmä» ja edel- leen: »avo-ojituksessa tarvitaan tavallisesti viemäri. Keywords: avo; eli; esim; että; hallakorpi; joka; kaitera; kuin; kun; kuten; käytetään; käyttää; laskuoja; lisäksi; luvun; maan; mainitaan; mukaan; myös; niiden; niin; nimitystä; niskaojan; oja; ojaa; ojat; ojia; ojien; ojiksi; ojilla; ojituksen; ojitus; oli; ovat; peltojen; poikki; salaojituksessa; sanan; sekä; sen; siis; tahi; tai; vain; valtaoja; vedet; vesi; veto; viemäri; vuonna
• Eräiden Suomen julkisten nurmikoiden perustamis- ja hoitotavoista by Ravantti, Saija (1965) - Monissa tapauksissa nykyiset nurmik- kojen hoitajat eivät ole niitä perustaneet ja tällöin tiedot perustamistavoista puut- tuvat. Muita hienoja heinä- lajeja oli käytetty vain kuivien ja kosteiden paikkojen erikoisseoksiin, joten niiden osuus oli pieni (7 —10 %). Keywords: cities; communes; eri; että; ilmoitti; kauppalat; kaupungit; kuin; kuitenkin; käyttivät; lawns; maalaiskunnat; maataloudelliset; mixtures; muut; myös; nurmikkojen; nurmikon; oli; olivat; oppilaitokset; ovat; puutarha; schools; sekä; seoksissa; taas; tai; tiedustelun; vain; vastaajista
• Paavo A. Viding by Kivinen, Erkki (1965) - Hänen työnsä koko valtakunnan aineellisen kehityksen hyväksi oli erittäin monipuolista ja tuloksellista ja sitä kannusti lämmin isänmaan rakkaus. 1899 ja hänen työnsä kohdistui aluksi nimenomaankotimaakunnan hyväksi, mutta laajeni sittemmin käsittämään koko maan, jopa ulottui sen rajojenkin yli. Keywords: että; hyväksi; hän; hänen; koko; mutta; oli; olivat; ovat; paavo; sen; siirtyi; tässä; viding
• Hiilidioksidilannoitus ja sen merkitys taimikasvatuksessa by Voipio, Irma (1966) - Nyt selostettujen taimikasvatus- kokeiden valossa näyttää kuitenkin siltä, että yöllä vallitseva korkea C02 -pitoisuus saattaa vaikuttaa haitallisesti kasvien kehittymiseen ja sitä paitsi öiseen aikaan kasvien hengitys ja kasvualustan C02 -tuotto saattavat yhteisesti kohottaa kasvi- huoneilman hiilidioksidipitoisuuden nykyään soveliaana pidettyyn määrään, 0.1 0.2 %:iin. Ilman C02 -pitoisuus kahdessa neilikkahuoneessa 7. 8. 1963. Keywords: -pitoisuuden; -pitoisuudessa; -pitoisuus; :ssa; aikana; air; c02; content; eri; että; greenhouse; hiilidioksidilannoitusta; huoneessa; ilman; ilman c02; kasvihuoneen; kuin; lämpötila; oli; olivat; plants; propaanin; sekä; suoritettiin; taimet; taimien; tainta
• Keräsalaatin varastointi by Voipio, Irma (1966) - Salaatin lämpötila oli ennen jäähdytystä 24° ja jäähdytyksen jälkeen 10°. Vihanneksien, marjojen ja omenien lajittelu- ja pakkausohjeet. Keywords: days; ennen; että; great; herttaässä; jälkeen; kuin; kunnostetun; lakes; lettuce; muoviin; oli; olivat; paino; painosta; salaatin; sekä; storage; taulukko; varastoinnin; vedellä; viikon; weight
• Pistokkaiden juurrutusajan ja juuriston pituuden vaikutus krysanteemin kehitykseen by Kaukovirta, Erkki (1966) - Yhteenveto Pistokkaiden juurrutusajan ja juuriston pituuden vaikutusta tutkittiin ko- keessa, joka oli suunniteltu täydentämään aikaisemmin suoritettuja krysanteemin juurrutus- ja taimikasvatuskokeita (6). Uusimmat viljelyoppaat (2, 7 ja 9) pitävät pistokkaiden kasvu- kunnon kannalta tärkeänä lisäksi sitä, että pistokkaat juurrutuksen aikana säilyt- tävät kasvuvoimansa. Keywords: että; juuriston; juurtuneissa; kuin; length; lisäkasvu; oli; pistokkaiden; pituus; propagation; taimet; taulukko; vaikutus; verson; viikon; vuorokautta
• Suomen maataloushistorian päälinjat by Soininen, Arvo M. (1966) - ja 1870 välisinä neljänä vuosikymmenenä. Sen sijaan jo 1700-luvun lähteistä ilmenee, että peltoviljely Itä-Suomessa oli siirtynyt kolmi- vuoroviljelyn kannalle, ja että tämä menetelmä oli leviämässä länttä kohti. Keywords: eri; että; historia; karjatalouden; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; luvulla; luvun; maanviljelyn; maatalouden; maatalous; maatilatalouden; merkitys; mutta; myös; niin; näyttää; ole; oli; ollut; perinnäisen; sen; suomen; suomessa; taloudellisen; tämä; vaan; vain; vielä
• Raparperin hyötö ja varastointi by Osara, Kirsti (1966) - first second weight length class classplants stalks g No. of g cm yield yield stalks g C. Hyötö pimeässä Forcing in darkness 8 35 990 D. Hyötö valossa 22 680 28 28 21 12 Forcing in light 8 32 680 20 490 20 26 19 4 4 114 Aluksi kaikki kasvit (C ja D) hyödettiin pimeässä (taulukko 2). Eräiden tietojen mukaan myös jaksoittaisella päivä-(12.8—14.4° C) ja yö-(7.8° C) lämpötilojen vaihtelulla on saavutettu hyviä hyötötuloksia (1). Keywords: aikana; että; forcing; hyötö; kasveista; kasvien; kasvit; kpl; kuin; kun; lepokauden; lämpötila; lämpötilassa; mutta; myös; oli; olivat; pimeässä; plants; raparperin; rhubarb; ruodit; ruotien; sadon; sato; sekä; sen; soil; stalks; table; taulukko; viikon; yield; yli
• Näkökohtia tilastotieteellisten tutkimusmenetelmien käytöstä maatalousekonomiassa by Kettunen, Lauri (1966) - Tutkimuksen kohteen ollessa esimerkiksi koko maan tai jonkin alueen kirjanpitotilat, tunnusluvut (useim- miten keskiarvot) saadaan lasketuksi koko aineistosta, ja silloin niissä periaatteessa ei ole satunnaisvirheitä. Lopuksi esitetään muutamia näkökohtia hypoteesien testaamisesta ja kiinnitetään huomiota ennen muuta siihen, että vaikka tilastolliset testit osoittavatkin todennäköisyyslakien mukaisia eroja, kyseisten erojen käytännöllinen merkitys jää tutkijan subjektiivisen harkinnan varaan. Keywords: avulla; esimerkiksi; että; jos; koko; kuitenkin; kun; mutta; muuttujien; myös; niiden; ole; olla; ovat; sen; siis; sitä; tai; tekijöiden; tunnusluvut; vaikka; vain; voidaan
• Kukkakaalin varastoinnista by Suhonen, Irma (1967) - Kontrollierässä oli haihtumistappio ensimmäisen varastointiviikon aikana 4.2 %, toisen viikon aikana 2.6 %, kolmannen viikon aikana 2.8 % ja neljännen viikon aikana 1.1% . Tulokset Vuonna 1963 kukkakaalia varastoitiin 4:n, 6:n ja 10:n viikon pituiset jaksot. Keywords: aikana; appearance; arvostelu; cauliflower; days; days days; että; haihtumistappio; heads; jälkeen; kukinnot; kukintojen; kukkakaalin; lehdet; oli; olivat; storage; varastoinnin; varastointiviikon; viikkoa; vrk
• Ruusukaalin säilytys ja sen C-vitamiinipitoisuus by Suhonen, Irma (1967) - ja kuiva ainepitoisuus (%) v. 1964 66. Silmujen askorbiinihappopitoisuus aleni säilytysajan pidetessä ja sitä nopeam- min, mitä alhaisempi oli säilytyslämpötila. Keywords: :ssa; acid; days; että; jälkeen; msat; oli; ruusukaalin; silmujen; silmut; sprouts; storage; vrk
• Eräiden puuvartisten koristekasvien talvehtimisesta Viikissä, Jyväskylässä, Kauhajoella ja Rovaniemellä by Kaukovirta, Erkki (1967) - Kolmannen talven aikana kasveja tuhoutui selvästi vähemmän kuin aikai- sempina talvina, Viikissä ja Kauhajoella yhdestä lajikkeesta ja Rovaniemellä kah- desta. Niinpä Jyväskylässä ja Kauhajoella suojaisen istutuspaikan ansiosta paleltu- misia tapahtui vähemmän kuin eteläisimmällä koepaikalla Viikissä, jossa koekenttä oli avoin ja tuulinen (taulukot 3—5 ja 7). Keywords: aikana; eri; että; jyväskylässä; kasvi; kauhajoella; kpl; kuin; maxim; myös; oli; overwintering; plants; rovaniemellä; spiraea; taimien; talven; taulukko; viikissä
• Kotitalouden peruskäsitteistä ja terminologiasta by Honkanen, Maire (1967) - Suomen Akatemian Kielitoimis- tossa professori Sadeniemen kanssa käydyn keskustelun perusteella ’kodinpito’ voitaisiin ajatella yhteiskäsitteeksi kotitalouden tuottavaan toimintaan liittyville henkisille ja fyysisille ponnistuksille ja lisäksi vielä kodin piirissä tapahtuville, per- heenjäsenten keskinäisten suhteiden hoitamiseen liittyville toiminnoille. ’ yleensä taloudellisessa toiminnassa, ovat yhtäläiset myös kotitaloudessa siitäkin huolimatta, että liikeyritysten ja kotitalouden päämäärät tietyissä kohdin eroavat toisistaan. Keywords: der; dubberke; economics; edellä; egner; eri; esim; että; haushalt; helsinki; home; hyödykkeiden; kotitalouden; kotitaloudessa; kotitalous; kuitenkin; mukaan; myös; niiden; ole; ovat; puitteissa; saurio; sekä; sen; sijaan; suomen; tai; tarpeiden; toiminnan; varsin; voidaan; vrt; vuoksi; yleensä
• Pitkäaaltoisen uv-valon sekä kasvunsääteiden vaikutus krysanteemin kasvuun by Kaukovirta, Erkki (1968) - Pyrittäessä selittämään miten Cycocel ja Phosfon rajoittavat pituuskasvua eri tavalla kesällä ja talvella, kiinnittyy huomio ensiksi valo- Tiivistelmä Suoritetuissa kokeissa tutkittiin ultraviolettisäteilyn (n. 3650 Ä) sekä Cycocelin ja Phos- fonin vaikutusta krysanteemin pituuskasvuun. Keywords: aikana; cycocel; cycocelin; että; growth; ilman; kasveissa; kasvien; kokeessa; kuin; light; oli; period; phosfon; phosfonin; pituuskasvua; plant; vaikutus; valon
• Ruohojauhon vaikutus teurassikojen ruokinnassa by Ettala, Elsi (1968) - g ja vertailuryhmällä 716 g sekä rehunkulutus vastaavasti 3.8 ry ja 3.7 ry. Partial regression analysis of the simultane- ous effects of % ground grass and total fodder units on the daily gain gave regression coefficients of 5.767 and 1.116 respectively. Keywords: että; fodder; grass; ground; groups; kasvu; kuin; oli; pigs; ruohojauhoa; slaughter; taulukko
• Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden vaikutus pavun taimien kasvuun II. Vaikutuksen riippuvuus yölämpötilasta ja kasvualustasta by Kaukovirta, Erkki (1969) - Cycocel ja Phosfon rajoittavat krysanteemin pituuskasvua eniten hiekassa. a, bj c 0 13mg aj bj Cj a, b, c t 15 » aj bj c, a, b 0 c, 14 » Tulosten tarkastelu Suoritetuissa kokeissa B-nine, Cycocel ja Phosfon rajoittivat pavun taimien pituuskas- vua kaikissa käsittelyissä, mutta määrällisesti kasvua rajoittava vaikutus riippui alustan laadusta ja yölämpötilasta. Keywords: 1960; cycocel; että; growth; hiekassa; kuin; käsiteltyjen; lehtien; merkitsevästi; mullassa; mutta; oli; phosfon; sen; sijaan; ssa; taimien; turpeessa; vaikutus
• Keräsalaatin kaasuvarastointi by Suhonen, Irma (1969) - Kaappien ilman happipitoisuutta ei tutkimusten aikana mitattu, mutta kirjallisuustietojen perusteella sen laskettiin olevan liki- määrin 21 C02 % (Kuprianoff 1960). v. 1968 todettiin C02 %:n kasvussa tauko, kun C02-pitoisuus oli noussut 5 %:iin. Keywords: aikana; c02; että; gas; great; herttaässä; iin; ilman; jonka; kaasuvarastossa; koe; kokeessa; kokonaistappio; kuin; kun; kylmävarastossa; lakes; lettuce; oli; pitoisuuden; pitoisuus; salaatin; storage; tai; varastoinnin
• Lammastalouden kannattavuudesta Helsingin yliopiston Malminkartanon tilalla by Ryynänen, Viljo (1969) - Kun lampaiden laiduntaminen on tapahtunut voimaperäisesti viljellyllä peltolaitu- mella, on voitu kiinnittää huomiota myös laidunrehun tuottamisen tekniikkaan ja laidun- ten sadon talteen ottamiseen. Vuosina 1963 ja 1964, jolloin ensikertaa karitsoi- neiden osuus katraasta oli suhteellisesti suurin, syntyneiden luku oli huomattavasti pienempi kuin vuosina 1965—67, jolloin uuhien keski-ikä oli lisääntynyt. Keywords: arvioitu; average; että; ewe; ewes; hinta; honkasuon; husbandry; jalostusarvo; karitsain; karkean; kohti; kuin; kun; kuukauden; lambs; lammastalouden; lampaiden; laskettu; mukaan; myös; määrä; noin; number; oli; ollut; ovat; price; rehujen; rehun; return; roughage; sekä; sheep; table; taulukko; total; uuhien; uuhta; vuosina; yhteensä
• Toimintaverkoista ja niiden käytöstä maatalouden työteknisissä tutkimuksissa by Oksanen, Erkki H. (1969) - Muille verkon lopputapahtumille LF = TL, ja siten myös LS =TL —t=LF t. Jakautumistapahtu- man TL on = pienin ajoista (LS I; LS2, .. ~ LSn), jos siitä lähtee n tehtävää, eli siis ko. tapahtumasta lähtevien tehtävien myöhäisimmistä sallituista alkamishetkistä valitaan ajallisesti pienin. Kuvasta 1 ja taulukosta 1 ilmenee, että yhtymiskohtiin päättyvällä tehtävällä tai tehtä- väketjun viimeisellä tehtävällä voi olla vapaata pelivaraa. Keywords: aikaa; cpm; eli; ennen; eri; esim; esimuokkaus; että; fig; hankkeen; joka; jos; jälkeen; koska; kriittisen; kuten; kuva; käyttäen; link; moder; mukaan; mutta; myös; network; niiden; ojien; ole; oli; olla; ovat; pert; perusteella; phillips; polun; project; projektin; sekä; sen; sitä; table; tai; taulukossa; tehtävien; tehtävän; toimintaverkko; vain; varten; verkon; viikkoa; voidaan
• Apilamätä apilan talvehtimisen heikentäjänä Suomessa by Ylimäki, Aarre (1969) - Torjuntakokeiden yhteydessä on pyritty selvittämään apilamätätaudin osuutta apilan talvehtimisvaurioissa nurmissamme yleensä ja myös sen merkitystä apilalajikkeiden talven- kestävyydessä. Niistä tulee ilmi apila- mädän talvehtimista heikentävä merkitys yleensä ja myös lajikkeiden erilainen alttius tau- dille (vrt. Keywords: apilamädän; apilan; autumn; clover; control; erikss; että; fig; increase; keväällä; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kuva; maan; myös; ovat; overwintering; pcnb; puna; red; rot; sclerotinia; sekä; selostus; syksyllä; table; tai; tammisto; taulukko; tikkurilassa; treatment; trifoliorum; voi; yield; ylimäki
• Lajikkeen ja lannoitustavan vaikutus kevätvehnän viljelyarvoon by Kivi, Erkki I.; Hovinen, Simo (1969) - Kun kaikki lajikkeet antoivat hajalevitystä käytettäessä jokseenkin yhtä runsaat sadot, oli rivimultauksella annetun run- saan lannoituksen tasolla Svenno 13 prosenttia Apua satoisampi ja Ruso sijoittui näiden keskivälille. ja Nikkilän (Kangasala) koetiloilla v. 1965 ja 1967. Keywords: apu; avun; eri; että; explanations; fertilizer; haja; hajalevityksen; kokeet; kokeissa; kuin; lajikkeet; lajikkeiden; lannoituksen; lannoitustasoilla; mutta; myös; nikkilä; oli; ollut; placement; poikkeamana; rivi; rivimultauksen; ruso; sadon; sekä; sijaan; svenno; table; tammisto; tasosta; taulukko; trials; vaikutus; varieties; välillä
• Hans Nielsen Frandsen by Pesola, Vilho A. (1970) - Useat Tanskassa yleisesti viljellyt lanttu-, rehunauris- (tur- nipsi-), rehujuurikas-ja rehusokerijuurikas-, samoinkuin puna-ja valkoapila-, sinimailas-ja rantamaitejalosteet sekä timotei-, nurminata-, koiranheinä-, raiheinä-, kattara-, nurmikka- ym. Valaisevasti hän kirjoituksissaan käsitteli myös kasvinjalostukseen yleisesti liit- tyviä kysymyksiä kuten jalosteitten lisäysviljelyä ja myyntiä, jalostajain ja jalosteitten lain- omaista suojelua jne. Keywords: brassica; että; frandsen; hän; maataloudellisten; oli; tanskan
• Maan viljavuustekijäin keskinäiset vuorosuhteet maalajeittain by Lakanen, Esko; Sillanpää, Mikko; Kurki, Martti; Hyvärinen, Seppo (1970) - Soil pH, however, is the critical factor regulating the amount of readily soluble phosphorus, which remains rather low in acid soil up to pH 6. Vaihtuvan kaliumin ja helppoliukoisen fosforin ja muiden viljavuustekijäin välisiä vuorosuhteita esittävät kuvat 3 ja 4. Keywords: calcium; eri; että; fosforin; funktioina; helppoliukoisen; kalkituksen; kalsiumin; kuitenkin; kuva; lakanen; maalajien; maan; mg/1; myös; ovat; phosphorus; potassium; sekä; soil; tulosten; vaihtuvan
• Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden vaikutus pavun taimien kasvuun IV. Vaikutusasteen riippuvuus valo-oloista by Kaukovirta, Erkki (1970) - Bruinsma (1966) päätyi kasvunsääteiden vaikutusmekanismia koskevien tutkimusten tarkastelussaan johto- päätökseen, että Cycocel ja Phosfon rajoittavat kasvua estämällä gibberelliinin biosyntee- sin. Cycocelin ja Phosfonin vaikutuksessa todettujen erojen perusteella on myös ilmeistä, että niiden vai- kutus kasvureaktioihin on osittain erilainen. Keywords: cycocel; cycocelin; että; growth; hehkulampun; kasvien; kasvua; kuin; lehden; light; lämpötilan; oli; phosfon; phosfonin; pimeässä; pituuskasvua; taimien; vaikutus; valon; valossa
• Klormekvatin (CCC) vaikutuksesta viljakasvien satoon ja kasvutapaan by Pessi, Yrjö; Ylänen, Mikko; Leskelä, Auvo (1970) - Ilman CCC:tä Without CCC CCC:n aikaansaama muutos Change caused by CCC *p £ s •§ a a uSJSi PCNB ja CCC syysrukiin viljelyssä. Keywords: arvo; ccc; että; fertilizing; grain; kasvusto; käsittely; spring; test; treatment; vaikutus; value; von; wheat; yield
• Mikrobiologisen selektion matemaattisista perusteista by Koskenniemi, Eeva; Gyllenberg, Helge (1970) - Selektion antaman hyödyn (G/ct) riippuvuus satunnaisesta karsinnasta, kun selektiointensiteetti on P ja yhden määrityksen standardivirheen ja tutkittavan joukon hajonnan suhde on Vv- Kun ennen määrityksiä suoritetaan satunnaiskarsintaa, jonka selektiointensiteetti on P’, on näin saadussa joukossa valittava selektiointensiteetiksi P, = P/P’. Jos siis valitaan P’ = 1, jää jäljelle testausalan sopiva jako ja P x :n määrääminen. Keywords: aktiivisuuden; aktiivisuus; eri; että; hyväksyttyjen; jos; kantaa; kantoja; kantojen; kun; ovat; perusteella; selektio; siis; suoritetaan; tai; tapauksessa; vaiheen; vaiheessa; voidaan; yleensä
• Märkäkuumennus tärkkelyksen entsymaattisen hajoamisen tehostajana I. Tärkkelyspreparaateilla ja jauhetulla viljalla tehdyt kokeet by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Korhonen, Irmeli; Lehtonen, Ulla-Riitta (1970) - Entsyymiliuokseen ei lisätty puskuria ja sen vuoksi tärkkelyksen hydrolyysi maltoosiksi tapahtui niin hitaasti, että kirjoittajain kokemuksen mukaan käsittelyssä ehti tapahtua tärkkelyksen paisumista ja hydrolyysiä pelkästään hautomisajan vuoksi. Jo noin 20 %:n vedenlisäys ja kuumentaminen autoklaavissa 120°:ssa saa aikaan vehnä-, ohra- ja kaurajauhossa tärkkelyksen lähes täydellisen herkistymisen entsyymille, vaikka näin pieni vesimäärä ei aiheuta havaittavaa paisumista tärkkelysjyväsissä. Keywords: effect; erwin; että; glukoosiksi; hydro; jauhojen; jälkeen; kuin; kypsytetty; liian; mikä; myös; noin; ole; oli; ovat; processing; sci; starch; tai; thermal; tärkkelyksen; vaikutus; vain; vuoksi; wheat
• Märkäkuumennus tärkkelyksen entsymaattisen hajoamisen tehostajana II. Kotimaisista minkkien viljarehuista by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Korhonen, Irmeli; Lehtonen, Ulla-Riitta (1970) - mukaan minkki sulatti käsittelemättömän maissijauhon tärkkelyksestä 74.0 % ja paineessa keitetyn jauhon tärk- kelyksestä 91.0 %. Toinen hyvä kypsytysmenetelmä perustuu sekin tärkkelysjyvästen särkemiseen: kos- tutetut jauhot kypsennetään kovassa paineessa ja johdetaan välittömästi ulkoilmaan (Mudd, C. A.& Perry 1969). Keywords: eri; että; foods; hyvin; ibid; jarl; kuin; melin; myös; oli; olivat; ovat; rehut; salo; starch; tai; taulukossa; tehtaan; tärkkelyksen; tärkkelystä
• Pestyn perunan säilyvyys neularei'itetyssä muovissa by Ellala, Anita; Vanhanen, Lasse; Kurkela, Rakel (1970) - Painohäviöt määritettiin 3 viikkoa varastoinnin jälkeen 22° C:ssa ja 10 °C:ssa (kokeet 2—3). Pestyn perunan säilymistä mukaisen perunan veroisena polyeteeniin pakattuna 10° C:ssa ja 22 Keywords: alfa; arvostelussa; että; hiilidioksidin; jauhoinen; jauhoisuuden; kuin; maku; maun; musta; neularei’itetty; oli; olivat; perunan; pestyn; polyeteeni; potatoes; realta; rekord; sekä; ssa; varastoinnin; vesihöyryn; viikkoa; voimapaperi; vrk
• The milk production of reindeer cows and the share of milk in the growth of reindeer calves by Varo, Mikko; Varo, Hannu (1971) - Naarasvasat painoivat keskimäärin 5.28 ja urosvasat 5.93 kg. Näytteiden keruun suorittivat ylioppilaat H. Kull- berg ja H. Varo. Keywords: average; birth; calves; calving; correlations; cows; dams; development; että; fat; growth; milk; months; oli; protein; reindeer; spring; table; varo; vasojen; weight
• Kananmunamassan pastöroinnista ja jäädyttämisestä by Holopainen, Merimaija (1971) - Tiivistelmä Ulkomaisten tutkimusten mukaan munamassan vatkautuvuus huononee ja vaahdon ominaisvolyymi (ml vaahtoa/g massaa) pienenee kun massaa pastöroidaan tai jäädyte- tään. Käsillä oleva kirjallisuuskatsaus ja tutkimustyö pyrkii selvittämään munamassassa pastöroinnin ja jäädyttämisen aikana tapahtuvia muutoksia, jotka vaikuttavat massan käyttöominaisuuksiin. Keywords: aikana; egg; että; foam; jälkeen; kuluttua; kun; massaa; massasta; min; munamassan; määrä; ole; oli; olivat; omi; ovat; pastöroitu; raaka; sekä; sen; ssa; tai; tutkimusten; vaahdon; vrk
• Lajikkeen, korjuuajan ja -menetelmän vaikutus kevätvehnän itävyyteen ja itämiskypsymättömyyteen by Lallukka, Ulla (1971) - ja täystuleentuneena leikatussa ja vasta jälkituleentumisen jälkeen puidussa vehnässä lajikkeiden itävyyksien väliset erot olivat kohtalaisen vähäiset. Vuonna 1966 oli kasvukauden alkupuoli, kesä-heinäkuu, hyvin lämmin jakuiva, mutta sen sijaan elo-ja syyskuun lämpötilat olivat muiden koevuosien vastaavia keskilämpötiloja alhaisemmat. Keywords: dormancy; että; germination; harvesting; itämiskypsymättömyys; itävyys; jälkeen; kuin; lajikkeiden; maito; myös; norröna; oli; olivat; ripening; sen; vaikutus; vuonna; vuosina; wheat
• Vapona-liuskoista haihtuvan DDVP:n myrkyllisyys by Henriksson, Kurt; Kallela, Kaarlo; Virtamo, Matti; Pfäffli, Pirkko (1971) - Hieho, joka kokeen alkaessa oli seitsemän kuukauden ikäinen ja 187 kg;n painoinen, oli koehuoneessa koko tutkimuksen ajan ja on jatkuvasti laitoksella. In experiment room throughout experiment (92 days) Koehuoneessa 6 vrk 50 Vapona-liuskan 20.11.70 2 44.0 (39.0—49.0) 132.5 (128.5—137.0) 790 (786—795) väkevyydessä In experiment room6 days at concentration of 50 Vapona Strips Koehuoneessa 6 vrk 50:n ja 5 vrk 30:n 11. 12. 70 1 43.0 124.0 723 Vapona-liuskan väkevyydessä In experiment room6 days at concentration of 50 Vapona Strips and 5 days at 30 *) Ikä saapuessakeskim. 8 vrk. Keywords: aikana; air; ajan; calves; days; ddvp; että; experiment; koehuoneessa; kokeen; koko; liuskojen; määrä; number; oli; olivat; pitoisuus; sen; strips; study; vapona; vasikoiden; viikon; vrk; vrk days
• Taimettumisalustassa olevien ravinteiden vaikutuksesta kurkun ja tomaatin sirkkataimien kehittymiseen by Suhonen, Irma (1972) - Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin erilaisten ravinneliuosten, liuosten konsentraation, typen ja kaliumin vaikutusta kurkun ja tomaatin taimettumisnopeuteen ja sirkkataimen kehitty- miseen hiekka-alustalla. Taimettumisalustan käsittelyn vaikutus kurkun ja tomaatin tuorepainoon jatkokasvatuksen eri vaiheissa. Keywords: cucumber; days; emergence; että; hoagland; kno; kurkun; oli; seedling; sirkkataimen; taulukko; treatment; vaikutus; vedellä; vrk; weight
• Hevosten karvojen kalsium-, magnesium-, natrium-, kalium-, sinkki-, rauta-, kupari- ja mangaanipitoisuuksien vaihteluista by Kossila, Vappu; Virtanen, Erkki; Hakatie, Hilkka; Luoma, Esko (1972) - ja Mn- ja tuhkapitoisuuksiin. Na;n, K;n, Zn:n, Fe:n ja Cu:n kohdalla värin vaikutus ei käy Taulukosta 2 selvästi ilmi. Keywords: että; hair; hevosten; hivenainepitoisuudet; horses; karvojen; kivennäisja; kuin; oli; olivat; ovat; peitinkarvojen; pitoisuus; ppm; taulukko; tutkimuksessa; väri
• Syysvehnän typpilannoituksen ajoittamisesta by Varis, Eero; Juuti, Tapio (1975) - Wa,® > > a; S A, Lajike ��* ns *** *** * *•• *** ••• »*• Cultivar B. Koejäsen ns ns * * ns ns ns (*) (�) Treatment Zeleny-luku Sadon valkuaisen määrää ja laatua ilmaiseva Zeleny-testi tehtiin kahdesta kokeesta. Varianssianalyysi typpilannoituksen ja sen ajoittamisen vaikutuksesta syys- vehnän satoon ja sadon laatuun. Keywords: application; baking; eri; eroja; että; fajersson; keväällä; kuin; merkitseviä; myös; nitrogen; oli; olivat; ollut; quality; spring; syksyllä; taulukko; tutkimuksissa; typpilannoituksen; tähk; wheat; zeleny
• Nuorten porojen painon ja ruhon koostumuksen vaihtelusta talvikautena by Varo, Mikko (1975) - Koska näiden kudososien yhteismäärät näyttävät verraten yhdenmukaisilta jopa vastaavia ikäluokkia ja sukupuolia vertailtaessa, täytyy erojen syynä olla ilmeisesti luu- ja jännekudosten täysin erilainen erottelu. Valkuaisaineiden, rasvan ja tuhkan vähetessä vesipitoisuus suurenee. Keywords: -69; age; carcass; differences; eri; erojen; erot; että; kuin; lihan; merkitsevyys; mituschev; month; myös; olivat; ovat; porojen; poron; rasvan; ruhon; sex; significance; slaughter
• Kyrönjoen vesistöalueen rikkipitoiset viljelysmaat by Erviö, Raimo (1975) - Johtoluku ja pH mitattiin maa-vesisuspensiosta (til.suhde 1:2.5). Aerobisen keskikerroksen (50 —7O cm) korkeimmat keskimääräiset rikki-, rauta- ja alumiinipitoisuudet sekä korkein johtoluku ja alhaisin pH-arvo to- dettiin lieju- ja liejusaviryhmien maissa. Keywords: 1973; alumiinin; arvo; että; gyttja; johtoluku; keskikerroksen; keskimääräiset; kpl; kyrönjoen; maan; maat; maiden; mg/1; myös; oli; olivat; rikin; rikkiä; samples; sekä; soil; sulphate; taulukko; todettiin; yli
• Nurmikasvien koostumus, pepsiini-HCI-liukoisuus ja in vitro-sulavuus eri kasvuasteilla by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Nykänen, Anneli; Sormunen, Riitta (1975) - Tulokset ja tarkastelu Kehityksen kulku vuonna 1973 Vuonna 1973 kevät oli hyvin suotuisa (taulukko 1), nurmikasvit olivat talvehtineet hyvin ja nurminadan ja timotein kasvu alkoi varhain ja edistyi touko—kesäkuun vaihteessa nopeasti (kuvat 1 ja 2). Koostumus muuttui vastaavasti hitaammin ja muutokset olivat varsin suoraviivaisia. Keywords: composition; että; growth; hci; kuin; matter; noin; oli; pepsiini; pepsin; puna; stage; taulukko; vitro; vuonna
• Kalapuolisäilykkeiden säilyvyys by Kiesvaara, Martti (1975) - Tehokkaimmiksi osoittautuivat d, y ja kun taas s, $ ja a-muodoilla oli heikoin antioksidatiivinen vaikutus. Seuraavasta taulukosta käyvät ilmi eräiden aminohappojen silliöljyn hapettumista hidastavat vaiku- tukset, kun happojen pitoisuudet ovat 0.001 ja 0.01 M/l. Marcusen mukaan voi aminohapoilla olla myös primääristä antioksidatii- vista vaikutusta silloin, kun muita primäärisiä Keywords: acids; aminohappojen; bakteerien; effect; ericksen; että; fish; food; herring; jälkeen; kalan; kiesvaara; koska; kuin; kun; lähinnä; marcuse; mikrobien; mikrobit; mutta; muutokset; myös; nikkilä; ovat; preserves; proteiinien; rasvojen; sekä; semi; sijaan; tai; usein; vaikutusta; varsin
• Artturi Ilmari Virtanen 1895-1973 by Kreula, Matti (1974) - Ruokintakokeet puhdistettujen hiilihydraattien ollessa energian lähteinä ja urean ja ammoniumsuolojen typpilähteinä aloitettiin v. 1961. Virtasen väitöskirjatyö oli orgaanisen kemian alalta, mutta aloitettuaan kemistinä Valio Meijerien Keskusosuusliikkeen laboratoriossa hän opiskeli fysikaalista kemiaa, mikrobiologiaa ja entsyymikemiaa Zurichissä ja Tuk- holmassa saaden tällä tavoin biokemiallisen koulutuksen. Keywords: deutsche; että; fiir; gesellschaft; hän; hänen; kannalta; kultainen; myös; oli; ovat; ruotsi; sekä; seura; suomen; virtanen; yliopiston
• Rurik Jonatan Pihkala 1885-1973 by Mäki, Antti (1974) - Rurik Pihkalan oppilaat ja hänen kanssaan yhteistyössä olleet tulevat aina arvostamaan hänen ominaisuuksiaan opettajana sekä tutkimustyön innoit- tajana, tukijana ja ohjaajana. Väitöskirjatyönsä jälkeen ja osittain jo sen ohella Rurik Pihkalan tutki- mustyö kohdistui voimakkaasti kotieläintalouteen, jota hän aina oli innok- kaasti harrastanut. Keywords: erityisesti; että; helsingin; hän; hänen; joutui; maanviljelystalouden; maatalouden; myös; oli; pihkala; professori; päivänä; rurik; sekä; sen
• Mitä mahdollisuuksia on jalostuksella vaikuttaa maidon koostumukseen ja ravintoarvoon? by Maijala, Kalle (1974) - Valkuaistuo- tosten vuorosuhteet kaikkiin väkevyyksiin ja myös valkuais/rasva-suhteeseen ovat myönteiset, joten valkuaismääriin perustuvan valinnan ei pitäisi johtaa väkevyyden alenemiseen. Rasva-%:n hajonta on n. 1.7 kertaa niin suuri kuin valkuais-%:n ja noin 2-kertainen sokeripitoisuuden tai kaseiinipitoisuuden vaihteluun verrattuna. Keywords: ainesosien; contents; eri; että; kuiva; luku; maidon; milk; ovat; pitoisuuksien; rasva; sekä; snf-%; table; valkuais; yield
• Istutuksen tasaisuuden merkitys perunan tuotannossa by Varis, Eero; Lannetta, Ilmo (1974) - Epätasaisessa kas- vustossa nimittäin normaali positiivinen korrelaatio mukulakoon ja ominais- painon välillä murtuu, sillä suurista mukuloista suurin osa kasvaa kasvuston harvoissa paikoissa, missä niiden ominaispaino jää suhteellisen matalaksi. Jar vis ja Palmer 1973). Keywords: distribution; effects; että; istutuksen; method; oli; planting; potato; systemaattisesti; tasainen; tasaisuuden; taulukko; vaihteleva; yield
• Sokerijuurikkaan naatit ja niistä valmistettu säilörehu: II. Koostumus ja rehuarvo  by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta (1974) - Säilönnän aikana makrokivennäisiä hävisi keskimäärin 30 —5O % ja hävikit olivat jälleen suurim- mat alimmissa säilöntäkerroksissa. ja vaihtelurajat 45 m:n tornisiiloissa. Keywords: ainetta; beet; että; kuiva; matter; naattien; newspaper; oli; vitro
• Ruokinnan vaikutus maidon koostumukseen ja ravintoarvoon by Kossila, Vappu (1974) - Pötsin haihtuvien rasvahappojen välisiä suhteita voidaan muuttaa ruokinnal- lisin keinoin antamalla lehmälle esimerkiksi vähemmän heiniä ja enemmän väkirehua tai pelletöimällä tai jauhamalla korsirehu, jolloin pötsin etikkahappo- tuotannon suhde propionihappotuotantoon pienenee ja maidon rasvaprosentti alenee. Ruohot sisältävät runsaasti ja viljat kohtalaisen runsaasti tokoferolia. Keywords: 1971; antamalla; cow; dairy; että; kuin; lehmälle; lehmän; maidon; maidossa; milk; myös; sci; tai; vaikuttaa; voidaan
• Maataloustuotannon ennakointi by Kettunen, Lauri (1974) - Periaatteessa malliin kuuluu paljon erilaisia tekijöitä, jotka säätelevät ja rajoittavat tuotantoa, ja siten mallien rakentaminen on vaivalloinen ja vaativa tehtävä. Tyypillinen esimerkki on lihan tuotannon ja kulutuksen ja tarvittavan ulko- maankaupan (viennin tai tuonnin) ennusteet tavoitehintatason ylläpitämiseksi tai saavuttamiseksi. Keywords: aikavälin; aina; ajan; ennusteiden; ennusteita; esimerkiksi; että; kehitys; kuin; kuitenkin; lyhyen; maatalouden; mukaan; mutta; myös; niiden; ole; ovat; pitkän; production; tai; tuotannon; voidaan
• Metsätyypin määräytyminen maalajin ja maaperän kemiallisten ominaisuuksien perusteella by Urvas, Leila; Erviö, Raimo (1974) - Eri metsätyyppien keskimääräiset ravinnearvot ja pH, Table 4. Ainoa merkittävä eroavuus on se, että sekä käenkaali- mustikkatyypin että mustikkatyypin metsissä savien osuus pinnasta pohja- maahan mentäessä kasvaa, OMT;llä 27 prosentista 46 prosenttiin ja MT:llä 3 prosentista 7 prosenttiin. Keywords: cent; cit; eri; että; fenn; finesand; forest; hieta; jäkälätyypin; kerros; keskiarvot; kuin; kunkin; käenkaali; layer; metsätyypin; mg/1; mustikkatyypin; omt; ovat; samples; soil; type
• Sijoituslannoituksen kehityksestä ja tutkimustoiminnasta Suomessa by Kara, Osmo; Räisänen, Lassi (1974) - Merkillepantavaa on se ripeys, millä kotimainen teollisuus on käyttänyt hyväkseen tutkimustulokset ja vai- Elonen ja Kara 1972). Keywords: agric; drills; elonen; että; fertilizer; finl; joukkoon; kara; kokeissa; lannoitteen; maassamme; myös; oli; ovat; placement; seed; sijoituslannoitus; soc; vaikutus
• Tuloksia eri suuruisten kalkkimäärien kokeista kiinteillä koekentillä vuoteen 1972 saakka by Keränen, Tuomas (1974) - Koska kokeita, joissa kalkitus oli alle 4 tai yli 8 tn/ha, oli vähän, on tau- lukkoon 3 laskettu maalajeittain ilman kalkitusta saadut sadot ja vain maini- tuilla kalkkimääiillä saadut sadonlisäykset. Se edustaa vastaavasti 139 ja 182 koesatoa. Keywords: että; experiments; fertilization; increase; kalkituksella; kuin; liming; mean; oli; sadonlisäys; sekä; soils; yield
• Maatalouden rakennerationalisoinnin liiketaloudellisista edellytyksistä by Weckman, Karl (1974) - Erityisesti rakennuspääomaa ja myöskin pelto- ja perusparannuspääomaa tar- 373 vitaan paljon. Torvela (1972) on kirjanpidon pohjalta tutkinut erisuuruisten yritysten ja eri tuotantosuuntien kannatta- vuutta. Keywords: aikana; ainoastaan; alternative; arvot; avulla; capital; carlo; eri; että; farm; fig; grain; huomioon; jotka; keskik; kohti; koko; korkea; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; kuvio; käytetty; käytettävissä; käytännössä; level level; luonnollisesti; lähinnä; maataloudessa; malleissa; medium; monte; mukaan; mutta; myös; myöskin; niin; ole; olisi; ollut; osoittaa; osuus; ovat; paljon; pellon; perusteella; production; pääoman; sekä; suhteellisen; suurempi; table; tai; taso; tasolla; taulukko; tavalla; techn; tekn; tutkimuksen; tutkimuksessa; työansio; tällä; tällöin; tämän; tässä; varten; voidaan; voitu; vuotuiset; yhteydessä; yrityksen; yritysten
• Nurmisäilörehukokeita maatilasiiloissa 1. Rehuarvon muutokset ja säilöntätappiot by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta (1976) - ja 2. korjuukerran ruoho oli laidun- ja säilörehu- nurmilta, joissa valtakasvina oli nurminata tai timotei. A = 1-2, B = 2-3, C = 1-3. 113 rehuarvoltaan oli vuoden 1970 ruoho, heikointa vuosien 1972 ja 1973. Keywords: crude; eri; että; grass; hapot; korjuukerran; korjuun; kuin; kuiva; losses; mutta; myös; oli; pitoisuus; protein; päälle; rehussa; ruohon; sen; siiloon; silage; säilörehun; table; taulukko; value; vitro; välillä
• Nurmisäilörehukokeita maatilasiiloissa 2. Kivennäispitoisuuden muutokset ja säilöntätappiot by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta (1976) - Esimerkkinä eroista mainit- takoon, että vuonna 1970 sekä kalsiumin että fosforin tappio oli 25 % ja vuonna 1973 11 ja 10%. Ruohon kivennäiskoostumus 1., 2. ja 3. korjuukertana. Keywords: että; grass; kuin; mineral; oli; olivat; ruohon; taulukko; välillä
• Perusteluja pässien fenotyyppitestaukselle by Varo, Mikko; Hellman, Tapani (1976) - Samassa tarkoituksessa on tutkittu myös teuraspainon, pään ja sisäelinten merkitystä lihakkuuden ja lihamäärän osoittajina. Bo*** ja o.97***. Keywords: arvioivat; carcass; että; koska; kuin; lihakkuuden; lihakkuutta; lihamäärän; m.l.d; meat; mutta; myös; ominaisuudet; ovat; paino; parhaiten; poikkileikkauspinta; points; pään; ruhon; sekä; selitysasteet; selkälihaksen; selkälihas; teuraspaino; thigh; traits; voidaan; weight
• Laidunruohon kemiallinen koostumus eri typpilannoitustasoilla by Rinne, Kalle (1976) - Ruohon eri ominaisuuksien väliset korrelaatiot (taulukot 2, 3 ja 4) Selvimmät korrelaatiot vallitsivat raakavalkuais- ja raakakuitupitoisuuk- sien välillä sekä raakavalkuaisen ja typettömien uuteaineiden välillä. ja elokuussa ja laski taas jonkinverran syyskuussa. Keywords: 300n; chemical; composition; content; crude; eri; etelä; että; fibre; herbage; hämeen; koeasemalla; kokeessa; laidunruohon; mutta; myös; oli; olivat; pitoisuus; pohjois; protein; savon; sen; typpilannoituksella; välillä
• Lyötistä Lyöttiläksi erään kaakkois-hämäläisen kylän vanhinta asutushistoriaa by Mukula, Jaakko; Mäkelä, Anneli (1976) - Radansuuta sekä Radansuun ja Keltin välisen ja Lyöttilän ja Kyöperilän välisen alueen. a. Pappila erotetaan Pappilan ja Lyöttilän välistä isojakoprosessia on Aarno Rinnemaa aikai- semmin (1971) selvittänyt yksityiskohtaisesti. Keywords: 1/12; aikaan; aikaisemmin; aikana; akselinpojan; alhaisten; alkaen; alue; alueen; aluetta; alunperin; arvid; asui; asutuksen; carolus; eerik; eikä; eivät; eli; elimäen; ennen; enää; erkki; erään; esiintyi; esittivät; ettei; että; fig; halila; haltuunsa; heidän; heikki; henrik; historia; hollolan; hämeen; hän; hänen; ii koa; ilmeisesti; isoajakoa; isonjaon; isännäksi; itse; ja että; ja koa; ja kyöperilän; ja litin; ja oli; ja pappilan; ja sen; ja tämä; ja va; ja vuonna; jaakko; jaalan; jakaantui; jakokunnan; johdolla; joka; joka oli; jossa; jota; juuri; jälkeen; kaksi; kanssa; kanta; kantatalojen; kappalainen; kartanon; kauramaan; keltin; kesken; kihlakunnantuomion; kimolan; kimolan ja; kirkkoherra; klmka; koa; koko; kokonaisuudessaan; koska; koukkuluku; koukun; kruunun; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kurjalan; kustaa; kuten; kuulunut; kuva; kymentaustanmaan; kymijoen; kysymys; kyöperiläläiset; kyöperilän; käräjät; laamanninkäräjät; lasse; laurinpojan; lienee; lisäksi; litin; litin käräjät; litti; lopulla; luettiin; luvulla; luvun; lyöttiläläiset; lyöttilän; lyöttilän ja; lyöttilässä; maakirjaan; maakirjassa; maanjako; maanmittari; mahdollisesti; mainittu; manttaalia; marjaniemen; martti; maunu; med; merkittiin; merkitty; mha; mukaan; mutta; myöhemmin; myös; n :o; niiden; niin; niityt; nimekseen; nimensä; nimi; nuutti; nykyisin; nyt; näin; näistä; nämä; och; oikeuden; oikeudessa; oikeus; ole; olevan; oli; oli kuitenkin; oli siis; oli vuonna; olisi; olivat; olla; ollut; oravalan; osa; osan; otti; ovat; paitsi; pappilalle; pappilan; pekanpojan; pekka; perusteella; pietari; pilkanmaan; pilkanmaan ja; porvoo ja; puolestaan; pyhäjärven; pyhäniemen; radansuun; raja; rajojen; ratsutilan; saakka; saanut; sai; samaan; se oli; sekä; sen; seuraavan; seuraavasti; siihen; siis; siitä; sijaan; sijaitsi; sillä; sitten; som; suomen; syntyi; säilynyt; taas; tai; talo oli; talojen; talon; talosta; tavastin; tili; toinen; toiseen; tontti; tosin; tuli; tuomas; tuomion; tuomiossa; tuomittiin; tähän; tällä; tällöin; tämä; tässä; tätä; ursinus; uudelleen; uudenkylän; uudenkylän ja; uudenkylän käräjät; uudistila; va hollola; va maanjako; va porvoo; vaan; vain; vanhan; vasta; vastaan; vastasi; verolle; verotalosta; vielä; viite; viittaa; vrt; vuoden; vuodesta; vuoksi; vuonna; vuosina; vuoteen; vuotta; välillä; välisen; väärtin; yhteydessä; yksi; äyriä
• Sianlihan tuotannon lyhytaikaisia vaihteluja selittävä ennustemalli by Granberg, Leo (1977) - talouspoliittisten toimenpiteiden vaikutus ja mallin »konservatiivisuus», ts. Niinpä kummassakin mallissa on selittävinä muuttujina peräti kolme hintamuuttujaa: sianlihan ja perunan hinta sekä rehuviljojen hinta. Keywords: edellä; eri; esim; että; hinta; kuin; malleissa; mallin; model; mutta; muuttuja; muuttujien; määrä; ole; oli; ovat; production; sianlihan; tuotannon; varsin
• Sääolot ja niiden vaikutus kasvintuotantoon Etelä-Suomessa 1966—1976 by Lallukka, Ulla; Mukula, Jaakko (1977) - Tammikuu oli erityisen lämmin ja runsassateinen ja siten jääpoltteen muodostumiselle otollinen. Auringonpaistetuntien määrä ja haihtuminen kasvu- kauden eri kuukausina on esitetty taulukossa 4. Keywords: 1966—1976; day; elokuun; erittäin; etelä; että; hyvin; jäi; kasvien; kasvuajan; kasvukauden; kasvukausi; keskimäärin; kuitenkin; lopulla; mutta; myös; normaalia; oli; olivat; sademäärät; sateet; sekä; sen; sijaan; suomessa; syysviljojen; table; taulukko; tikkurilassa; toukokuun; vasta; vuoksi; vuosina
• Kotieläinjalostus kannattaa by Maijala, Kalle (1978) - Johdanto Kotieläinten jalostustiede on teoreettissävyinen mutta käytännönläheinen tiede, joka vuorovaikutuksessa käytännön kanssa kehittää menetelmiä tehok- kaaseen kotieläintuotantoon soveltuvan eläinaineksen löytämiseksi ja paran- tamiseksi. Näkökulman valinta vaikuttaa mm. jänne- välin pituuteen ja riskien suuruuteen sekä siten kustannusten ja tuottojen arviointiin. Keywords: anim; arvo; breeding; eli; esim; että; fmk; huomioon; jalostuksen; jos; kohti; merkitystä; mutta; myös; oli; olisi; prod; voidaan; vuonna; yksityisen
• Sipulin koostumus ja aromi sekä niihin vaikuttavat tekijät by Mälkki, Yrjö; Nikkilä, Olavi E.; Aalto, Mauri (1978) - Paloiteltaessa sipulia kuivausta varten pääsee entsyymi kosketuksiin prekursorin kanssa, jonka määrästä tällöin osa hajoaa välittö- mästi ja syntyneet aromitekijät ja palorypälehappo poistuvat suurelta osin kuivattaessa (Schwimmer ym. 1964). Tuleentumisasteen vaikutus Kasvukautena 1969 viljeltiin kantoja P 1, P 5 ja P 8 ulkolavaviljelynä turve- hiekkamultaseoksessa VTT:n elintarvikelaboratoriossa Otaniemessä. Keywords: acid; allium; aromiaineiden; aromin; content; että; food; hiilihydraattien; jälkeen; korkeampi; kuin; kuiva; liukoisten; lähes; lämpötilassa; mukaan; muodostuvan; myös; ole; oli; ollut; onion; osa; ovat; palorypälehapon; pelkistävien; pitoisuuden; pitoisuus; schwimmer; sekä; sipulin; sokerien; suoritettiin; tai; tapauksissa; tulokset; tämän; vaikutus; virtanen
• Voimakasaromisen sipulin pakkaskuivaus by Mälkki, Yrjö; Heinonen, Sauli (1978) - Jokainen esiintuleva maku pyrittiin tunnistamaan ja kunkin maun voimakkuus arvioitiin havaitsemisjärjestyksessä asteikolla o—4, jolla 1 oli heikoin ja 4 voimakkain aistimus. ja tästä johtuen myös aromin profiili ovat erilaisia. Keywords: acid; aikana; dry; drying; että; fimol; freeze; koska; kuiva; myös; noin; odour; oli; onion; pakkaskuivattu; pakkaskuivauksen; palorypälehapon; perusteella; ryvässipuli; sekä; sipulin; threshold; tuore; vuoden
• Hehtolitrapainon ja lajikkeen vaikutus ohran rehuarvoon sikojen ruokinnassa by Salo, Maija-Liisa (1978) - lasketut muuntokelpoisen ja nettoenergian arvot. Ohra- jauho, rehumaitojauhs, kivennäisseos ja vitamiiniseos punnittiin kukin erik- seen ja sekoitettiin. Keywords: agric; barley; differences; energia; eri; että; myös; ohran; oli; protein; salo; sulavuus; volume
• Vehnänrankkijauhon rehuarvo lihasikojen ruokinnassa by Salo, Maija-Liisa (1978) - Jäljelle jäänyt viljajätteen ja hiivan seos kuivataan rankkirehuksi. Niiden painot olivat kokeen alkaessa keskimäärin 72 kg ja päättyessä 81 kg. Keywords: distillers; että; feed; grains; hiivan; oli; pigs; rehu; solubles; taulukko
• Puumelassi tuoreviljan säilöntäaineena by Salo, Maija-Liisa (1978) - Kokeet suoritettiin vasta laborato- riomittakaavassa ja ne käsittivät jauhetun viljan ja tuoreen mäskin märkä- säilönnän ja ohran ja kauran jyväsäilönnän. ja etikkahappo oli lisäksi suurelta osin peräisin lisätystä puumelassista. Keywords: että; grains; koska; kylmässä; lämpimässä; molasse; myös; niin; noin; oli; puumelassia; sen; varastossa; viljan; wood
• Ahvenen ja särjen marinointi by Kuuppo, Mailis; Koivurinta, Juha; Koivistoinen, Pekka (1978) - Kun pH sekä happo- ja suolapitoisuudet kalassa ja liemessä olivat tasoit- tuneet, valmisteen katsottiin olevan kypsä. Tutkimuskaaviot ahvenen ja särjen osalta on esitetty kuvina 1 ja 2. Keywords: aikana; ajan; ennen; eroja; että; fig; jälkeen; kalan; kuin; kuukauden; kuva; lämpötilassa; marinoidun; marinointia; mutta; olivat; perch; sekä; ssa; varastoinnin; välillä
• Pakettipellot, niiden käyttö ja hoito Keski-Suomessa vuonna 1974 by Hokkanen, Heikki (1979) - Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on ollut selvittää miten ja missä laa- juudessa pakettipeltoja Keski-Suomessa käytetään ja hoidetaan, ja miten ne suhtautuvat toisaalta annettuihin määräyksiin ja toisaalta pelloilla tapahtu- vaan ekologiseen suksessioon. Tämä on melko lähellä pohjoisen Keski-Suomen peltopalstojen keskikokoa, mutta vä- hemmän kuin puolet Laukaan arvosta (5.5 ha) (Anon. 1972 ja 1974). Keywords: ala; anon; area; contact; että; farm; fields; keski; keskimäärin; kuin; kyllä; käyttö; myös; nurmi; oli; ovat; palstan; palstoista; palstojen; raatikainen; sekä; suomen; tai; tekijät; tilan; tiloista; xxx
• Kasvihuonetomaatin viljelyn työnmenekki by Yläranta, Maritta; Ryynänen, Viljo (1979) - Norjalaisen Repstadui (1965) mukaan lehtien ja versojen poistoon kuluu 24 % ja sadonkorjuuseen ja lajitteluun 30 % työajasta. Vakinaisten työntekijöiden lukumäärä ja työnmenekki olivat positiivisessa korrelaatiossa (0.55). Keywords: culture; eri; että; labour; o o; oli; pitkässä; sekä; time; tuntia; työnmenekin; viljelyssä; working
• Kasvihuonekurkun viljelyn työnmenekki by Yläranta, Maritta; Ryynänen, Viljo (1980) - Johdanto Tavoitteena oli tutkia kasvihuonekurkun työnmenekkiä ja työnmenekin vaihtelua eri pituisina viljelykausina. Kokonaistyöntuotos oli lyhyessä viljelyssä 27,6 kg, keskipitkässä viljelyssä 20,4 kg ja pitkässä viljelyssä 25,2 kg. Sadon- korjuun keskimääräinen työntuotos oli 154,2 kg/h ja vaihteluväli 58,6 212,8 kg/h. Lajittelussa ja pakkauksessa keskimääräinen tjmntuotos oli 229,1 kg/h ja vaihteluväli 99,0 339,7 kg/h. Keywords: culture; eri; että; hours; kasvukauden; keskimääräinen; kuin; kurkun; labour; myös; oli; olivat; sekä; sq.m; time; tuntia; työnmenekin; työtä; viljelmien; viljelmällä; viljelyn; viljelyssä; working
• Tutkimuksia salaatin, tomaatin ja porkkanan sisäisestä laadusta markkinoinnin aikana by Kuusi, Taina; Virtanen, Tuija; Kleemola, Kaija (1980) - Piirros 3 esittää hävikin ja varastoinnin lämpösummien korrelaatiota. Korrelaatio painohäviöiden ja varastoinnin lämpösummien välillä tomaattia varastoitaessa. Keywords: aineen; eri; että; kasviksien; keskiarvo; kuiva; laadun; laatua; liukoisen; mean; myös; ole; oli; olivat; ollut; ovat; quality; salaatin; sekä; storage; table; taulukko; tomaatin; tomatoes; tulokset; varastoinnin; vitamiinin; vrk
• Hintasäännöstely, subventiot ja kuluttajan ylijäämä: Sovellutus maataloustuotteiden kysyntään ja tarjontaan by Kanniainen, Vesa; Volk, Raija (1982) - Nämä eivät kuiten- kaan kokonaan voi kompensoida lisääntyneitä menoja, koska ylituotanto on markkinoitava maailmanmarkkinoilla, joilla esiintyy monia muita markki- noijia ja hinta on suhteellisen alhainen. Niinpä käsityksemme on, että sellaisten politiikkavälineiden kuten tuonti- rajoitusten, hintasäännöstelyn ja tuotanto- ja pinta-alasubventioiden vaiku- tukset tuotantoon ja hintoihin tai vaikkapa inflaation, verotuksen ja poisto- säädösten vaikutukset pääomakustannukseen ovat kysymyksiä, Keywords: että; fig; hinta; hintasäännöstelyn; joka; jos; kohden; kuin; kuluttajan; kuva; kuvassa; maataloustuotteiden; myös; nyt; olisi; ovat; sen; siten; sitä; subvention; tuotannon; tuotantoyksikön; tuottajien; tämä; vaikutus; vallitessa; ylijäämä
• Kuitumäärityksen merkitys kotieläinten ruokinnassa by Salo, Maija-Liisa (1982) - Epäloogi- sen sulavuustiedon selitys lienee siinä, että kokeessa on perusrehuna ollut ohra, joka sisältää sulavaa kuitua hyvin vähän, ja metodiset ja muut virheet ovat tulleet rouheen osalle. ja ammoniakki- käsittely ei näy kuituprosentissa, vaikka sulavuus paranisi 10-20 prosenttiyk- sikköä. Keywords: agric; digestibility; eli; eri; että; fibre; hemiselluloosa; hyvin; jos; koska; kuidun; kuin; ligniini; liian; lisäksi; menetelmät; mutta; myös; ole; oli; ovat; raakakuitu; rehun; salo; sekä; selluloosa; sen; van; vähän
• Professori Mikko Varo 70-vuotias by Maijala, Kalle (1983) - Näitä tehdessään hän saattoi käyttää hyväkseen 20-vuotista tutkijan- ja opettajankokemustaan ja siten välttää hapuiluvaiheen. Hän edusti kotieläintieteitä valtion maatalous-metsätieteellisessä toimikunnassa 1969-70 ja maataloustutkimuksen neuvottelukunnassa 1972-76. Keywords: erityisesti; eroja; että; hän; hänen; jäsenenä; kotieläinjalostuksen; kotieläinten; kun; luvun; lähes; merkitys; myös; oli; olisi; olivat; ollut; ominaisuuksien; porojen; sai; sekä; sen; sonnien; suomen; totesi; tutki; tyttärien; varo; vuonna; vuotta; yliopiston
• Antti Mäki 1904—1985 by Ryynänen, Viljo (1985) - Antti Mäki toimi 1953—1954 ja aika- kauskirjan toimituskuntaan hän kuului 1956—1971. Antti Mäki 1904—1985 Antti Mäki syntyi maanviljelijän poikana Ruovedellä. Keywords: antti; että; hän; maatalouden; myös; mäen; mäki; oli; sekä; toimi
• Tuloerot ja taloudellisen tuloksen vaihtelu kirjanpitotiloilla poikkileikkaus- ja aikasarja-analyysin valossa vuosina 1976—83 by Nevala, Markku; Ojaniemi, Yrjö (1988) - Näitä tärkeäm- pi on kuitenkin fraktiilitarkastelu, jolla voi- daan paremmin tutkia jakaumaa ja eri tyyp- pisten tilojen sijoittumista jakaumassa. Painopiste on jakau- mien muodon ja sisällön analysoinnissa. Keywords: 1976—83; ajanjakson; alimmassa; coefficient; distribution; eri; että; family; farms; income; kaikkina; keskimääräinen; koko; kuin; maatalouden; maatalousylijäämän; myös; neljänneksen; neljänneksessä; oli; ovat; profitability; sekä; suomen; tilat; tiloista; tiloja; tilojen; tämä; varsin; vastaavasti; vuonna; vuosien; vuosina
• Eräitä uuden kasvibiotekniikan keksintöjä vuosina 1979—1986 jätetyissä patenttihakemuksissa by Pohjalainen, Kirsi; Knuth, Sisko; Pehu, Tuula; Gyllenberg, Helge (1989) - Jalostettaessa geenin- siirron avulla uusia, entistä parempia kasve- ja on tarkoituksenmukaista testata siirretyn vieraan geenin toiminta ja ilmentyminen re- generoidussa kasvissa. Vaikka yleisessä kuvaukses- sa saatettiin selostaa kasvien regenerointi, esi- merkkien avulla ei selvästi osoitettu kavien re- generoimia tai keksinnön toimintaa käytän- nössä, esimerkiksi vieraan geenin ilmentymistä regeneroidussa kasvissa (EP-A-145 338, EP- A-174 166 ja EP-A-203 790). Keywords: avulla; dna; documents; eri; että; euroopan; european; gene; inventions; kasveja; kasvien; kasvissa; keksinnön; keksintö; mukaan; myös; office; ole; oli; patent; plant; protection; tai; transfer; upov; vain
• L-Iysiinillä rikastettu kasvivalkuainen kalajauhon korvaajana lihasian rehuseoksessa by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Laalahti, Risto (1973) - Päivittäin käytetyt rehumäärät käyvät ilmi taulukosta 2, ry-määrät ja rehun raakavalkuais- Koe jouduttiin aloittamaan liian suurilla porsailla ja sen vuoksi melkein välittömästi rehun vaihdon jälkeen. Keywords: crude; että; feed; group; kokeen; kuin; lysine; meal; myös; ohra; oli; olivat; pigs; protein; rehujen; rehun; ruhon; ryhmien; sen; sikojen; vegetable; voidaan
• Pakkausmateriaalin, pakkauskoon ja säilytystavan vaikutus ruokaperunan laatuun by Varis, Eero (1973) - ja 7.3 %: Perunoiden kostuminen eri pakkausmateriaaleissa oli keskimäärin: pape- rit 4,6, ja 5, muovit 15 ja 39 %. Keywords: bags; että; kuin; läpinäkyvä; muovi; oli; paper; perunoiden; plastic; potatoes
• Siipikarjanlihan tarjonnasta ja kysynnästä Suomessa vv. 1966—68 by Ikäheimo, Esa; Rouhiainen, Juhani (1973) - ennusteen mukaan siipikarjanlihan kokonaistuotos ja kulutus olisi maassamme v. 1985 25 milj. Tämän tutkimuksen ensisijaisena tarkoituksena on ollut 274 selvittää siipikarjanlihan tarjontaan ja kulutukseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Keywords: broilerin; capita; että; hinnan; hinta; kananlihan; koko; koska; kuin; kulutuksen; kulutus; käytettiin; myös; ole; oli; olisi; ollut; ovat; poultry; price; sbi; siipikarjanlihan; tilastollisesti; tulojousto; tuotannon; tuotanto; tämän; voidaan
• Puunjalostusteollisuuden jäteliemipulveri märehtijäin rehuna by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Immonen, Matti; Suomi, Kaija (1973) - Taulukossa 2 esitetään ravintoarvon kannalta tärkeimpien aineiden pitoi- suudet neljästä sulavuuskokeella tutkitusta jäteliemipulveristä tai -siirapista ja vertailun vuoksi myös painemenetelmällä saadusta USA:sta peräisin ole- vasta hemiselluloosasiirapista ja Turengin sokerijuurikasmelassista. Lehmät olivat edellä olleet ruokintakokeessa, missä niiden sjmnti, maitötuotos ja veri- arvot oli kontrolloitu. Keywords: aineesta; crude; dieetin; diet; digestibility; eri; että; jätekoe; jäteliemipulverin; koe; kun; level; liquor; matter; mutta; myös; noin; oli; olivat; sekä; sen; sitä; sswl; sulavuus; tasolla; trial; vain; waste
• NPK-lannoituksen vaikutus Pito-perunan ravinteiden ottoon by Varis, Eero (1973) - /o /o matter ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha kg/ha in D.M. in D.M. in D.M. in D.M. in D.M. AI) **� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� **� **� B2)�������������*� ��� � � * * *� �� * � *** Q3j ��� ��� *�* ��� ��� ��� **� ��� ���N P K ��� * �� ��� � �� o � �� *** ns ��� ��� � **ns ns ns ns *���ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns \B *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ** AC *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** AN �** ** **� �** *** �** *** *** * ns *** AP ns (*) ** *** ns ns ns * * ns (*) Typpilannoitus lisäsi pääasiassa varsiston kaliummäärää ja myös sen ka- liumpitoisuutta. Keywords: aikana; aineen; effect; että; figure; fosforin; kasvukauden; kuiva; käyttöön; lannoituksen; mukuloiden; myös; ns ns; oli; perunan; piirros; pito; potato; typen; uptake; vaikutus; varsiston; yhdysvaikutus; � �
• NPK-lannoituksen vaikutus Pito-perunan satotekijöihin by Varis, Eero (1973) - N, P- ja K-lannoituksen vaikutus versojen ja mukuloiden lukumäärään Table 2. The effect of increased N rates on the tuber size of Pito potato 498 noituksen satoa lisäävä vaikutus oli lievempi, mutta jatkuva, ja se suuntautui tasaisemmin varsiston ja mukuloiden osalle (vrt. Keywords: että; mukuloiden; myös; ns ns; oli; perunan; piirros; pito; potato; rates; typpilannoitus; vaikutus; yhdysvaikutus; yield
• Sokeri- ja tärkkelyslisäyksen vaikutus säilörehun sulavuuteen ja typen pidättymiseen pässeillä by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Orakoski, Harri; Suomi, Kaija (1973) - 512 Sokeri- ja tärkkelyslisäyksen vaikutus säilörehun sulavuu- teen ja typen pidättymiseen pässeillä Maija-Liisa Salo, Harri Orakoski ja Kaija Suomi Yliopiston kotieläintieteen laitos, Helsinki Saapunut 18. To- dellisen sulavuuden laskemisessa käytettiin Maynard ja LoosLYn (1989) mä- rehtijöille ilmoittamaa lukua, 0.5 g metabolista typpeä pro 100 g syötyä kuiva- ainetta. Keywords: digestibility; effect; että; oli; ollut; sci; sheep; starch; sucrose; sulavuuteen; säilörehun; trial
• Rehuyhdistelmän sokeripitoisuuden vaikutus lehmien maidontuotantoon ja veriarvoihin by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Immonen, Matti; Luomajärvi, Ulla (1973) - ja srv-arvon lisäksi so- keripitoisuuteen. ja kasvutarve vähennettiin. Keywords: cows; että; group; koko; milk; noin; olivat; ryhmä; ryhmällä; sci; sokeria; sugar; viikon

• Yrjö Armas Hukkinen by Kanervo, Veikko (1947) - Kukkinen ryhtyi tarmokkaisiin toimenpiteisiin, ja tuloksena oli työn- nettävä »Puhuri»-pölytin , joka oh entisiä käsi- Tutkimukset tuhoeläinten esiintymisestä ja biologiasta muodostivat vankan pohjan tuholaisten torjuntaa ja kasvinsuojelua koskeville tutkimuksille ja käytän- nölliselle torjuntatyölle, jotka olivat prof. Keywords: aikak; als; armas; der; die; esiintymisestä; finnlands; hukkisen; hän; hänen; kanssa; kukkinen; maatalous; oli; prof; sekä; suomen; suoritti; thysanopteren; tiedonantoja; tämän; und; yhdessä; yrjö; über
• Suomalaisrotuisten maitovarsojen painonlisääntymisestä by Aalto, Osmo (1949) - Tammavarsat painoivat synnyttyään keskimäärin 53,8 kg ja orivarsat 51,6 kg, joten siis tammavarsojen keskimääräinen syntymäpaino oli 2,2 kg suurempi kuin orivarsojen vastaava paino. » » » 196 » 250 » 4. Keywords: der; eli; keskimääräinen; kuukauden; lisäkasvu; oli; syntymäpaino; varsojen; yhteensä
• Pauli Viktor Tuorila by Vuorinen, Jouko (1950) - Toiseksi on pantava JOUKO VUORINEN136 merkille se asiantuntemus, jonka hän omasi, ja se varmuus ja rohkeus, millä hän toi esiin asioiden hoitoon ratkaisevasti vaikuttaneet mielipiteensä. Hänen tutkimuksensa ovat ratkaisevasti edistäneet kalkituksen ja lannoituksen järkiperäistämistä ja hänen toimintansa ja asiantuntemuksensa on suuresti lisännyt kalkin ja lannoitteiden käyttöä sekä samalla satojen suuruutta. Keywords: agricultural; der; des; die; hän; koagulation; lime; oli; pauli; research; sekä; suomen; tuorila; und; von; vuonna; über
• Suomalaisessa leivonnassa tapahtuvista tiamiinihäviöistä by Pulkki, L. H.; Puutula, K.; Laurila, U.-R. (1950) - 26—28 i> » 33—35 » » 15.0 » » 14.8—16.5 » » 27.5 » » 2Q hiivakäymis- yeast fermentation 14 biologinen biological 9 hiivakäymis- yeast fermentation 6—20 tiokromi- thiochrome 13.5—55.5 » Leipälaatu Tekijä AuthorKind of bread Vehnäleipä Wheat bread Brown, Hamm, Harrison 1943 (4) Vehnäleipä (vitaminoitu) Wheat bread (vitaminised) Vehnäleipä Wheat bread Melnick, Mabardie, Bern stein, Oser 1941 (16) Martin 1941 (15)» Vehnäleipä (85 % jauhotulos) Wheat bread (85 % extraction) Dawson, Martin 1942 (8) 98—100 Golberg, Thorp 1946 (11)80 85 95 täys]yvä jauho whole-meal Schultz, Atkin, Frey 1942 (21) Keywords: baking; bread; content; flour; kuin; leivottu; leivän; loaf; loss; meal; oli; rye; thiamine; vitamin; weight; wheat; yeast
• Bernhard Aarnio by Vuorinen, Jouko (1951) - Maaperän ja kasvillisuuden suhde ja maan ravinteisuus ja viljavuus on tutki- muksen ja käsittelyn aiheena 28;ssa Aarnion julkaisussa (1921—43). p. 119— 123. Keywords: aarnio; abteilung; agrogeol; aikak; als; auch; auf; berlin; bernhard; bodenkundlichen; den; der; des; die; finnland; für; helsinki; hän; ibid; int; jahre; jahresbericht; jouko; julk; kanssa; kartta; karttoja; landwirtschaftlichen; maan; mit; myös; oli; porvoo; porvoo helsinki; ref; sekä; soil; summary; suomen; tätigkeit; und; untersuchungen; versuchsanstalt; von; wurde; über
• Havaintoja muutamien nurmikasvien kehityksestä kylvökesän aikana by Salonen, Martti (1951) - Taimet hyvin pieniä ja hentoja, mutta elinvoimaisen näköisiä. Taimet ovat hyvin hentoja ja nuutuneen näköisiä, eivätkä vaikuta elinvoimaisille. Keywords: alla; hyvin; juuret; juuria; juurien; kasvaneet; korkeus; lehteä; läpim; mutta; nurmikasvien; oli; osat; ovat; pituus; roots; suojaviljan; suurin; suurin syvyys; syvyys; taimisto; todettu; vain; versoa; vielä
• Pekka Aaron Kokkonen by Kaitera, Pentti (1951) - »Käypä hinta» ja »järkevän ostajan hinta». Maanmittausopetuksen uusiminen Teknillisessä korkeakoulussa vuonna 1942 ja sen vertailu aikai sempaan. Keywords: aaron; aikakauskirja; als; auf; das; den; der; die; havaintoja; helsinki; hän; ibid; kokkonen; maan; oli; sen; suomen; und; von; vuosina; war; über
• Iivo Artturi Hallakorpi by Kaitera, Pentti (1952) - ja maanviljelysinsinööri Pentti Kaiteran väitöskirja »Lumen kevätsulamisesta ja sen vaikutuksesta vesi- 44 PENTTI KATTE RA väylien purkautumissuhteisiin Suomessa» 29.4. Hän säännöllisesti kaipasi aivan viime päiviinsä saakka tiedoituksia siitä, mitä maa- talouden vesirakennuksen alalla, sekä käytännön töissä että tutkimustyössä suori- tettiin, ja vaikka hän ei kyennyt enää hallitsemaan ruumistaan eikä saanut puhet- taan kuuluville, niin hänen silmiensä kirkas loiste osoitti hänen hengessä olevan vielä kaikessa mukana. Keywords: aikakauslehti; als; artturi; auch; auf; bei; das; dem; den; der; des; die; eripainos; für; hallakorpi; helsinki; hän; hänen; jahre; kobenhavn; landwirtschaftlichen; livo; maatalouden; maatalous; mit; myös; nach; oli; pentti; porvoo; professor; seine; sekä; sich; sowie; suomen; teknillinen; tätigkeit; und; von; vuonna; vuosina; war; wurde; zum; über
• Humala- ja apilavieraan siemenet suomessa kasvaneissa timotein ja apilan siemenissä by Olsonen, K. (1952) - Siementimoteita korjattaessa nämä nokkoset loisineen ovat tulleet mukaan ja lm- malavieraan siemenet timotein siementen joukkoon. Oikeastaan nämä siemenet olisi pitänyt viljellä ja niistä kasvaneista kasveista määrittää, minkä Cuscuta-lajin siemeniä ne todella ovat. Keywords: cuscuta; etelä; kasvien; oli; ovat; samen; sen; siemenet; siemeniä; tavattu
• Isopropyylifenyylikarbamaatin vaikutuksesta apilamätäsieneen (Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss.) by Pohjakallio, Onni (1953) - Myös suuremmat Weedar- ja Weedone-annokset vaikuttivat hyvin myrkyllisesti apilamätäsieneen. ja 30.8. 5.7 (3.0—8.5) Keywords: apilan; auf; der; des; die; hapon; i.p.c; oli; puna; tabelle; taul; vaikutus
• Eräitä lisäselvityksiä vuoden 1953 perunarutto- [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] epidemian luonteesta by Pohjakallio, Onni (1954) - Aquila potato in field experiments at Viik 1949. Aquila peruna Viikin koetilan kokeissa v. 1949 (Rutonarat lajikkeet Aquila-perunan molemmin puolin ovat ruton täysin kulottamia). Keywords: aquila; blight; jokioisissa; myös; oli; perunan; potato; table; taulukko
• Kokeita ns. Promeca-rehulla by Suomela, Hilkka; Kämäräinen, Pentti; Paloheimo, Lauri (1954) - KOKEITA NS. PROMECA-REHULLA Hilkka Suomela, Pentti Kämäräinen ja Lauri Paloheimo Koti eläintieteellinen laitos, Helsingin yliopisto Saapunut 31.3. 1954 Professori V. M. Klemola on hakenut ja saanut patentin1 rehuaineseokselle r joka sisältää melassia, kalsiumkloridia ja vehnänlesettä. Kumpaankin kuului 3 täysi- kasvuista tiinettä ja 3 vajaan vuoden vanhaa ei-tiinettä eläintä. Keywords: aikana; annettiin; food; kokeen; oli; promeca; päivää; rehua; ryhmällä
• Lauri Aleksanteri Keso by Hintikka, Viljo (1955) - Pietarsaaren konepajan johtokunnan jäsenenä 1933 1935, Maatalous- koneiden tutkimuslaitoksen johtokunnan jäsenenä ja Keskinäisen Vakuutusyhtiö Kalevan hallintoneuvoston jäsenenä vuodesta 1947 lähtien. Keso syventyi koko hämäläisen luonteensa sitkey- dellä ja tiedemiehen lahjomattomuudella salaojituskysymyksiin, huomioiden niissä meikäläiset erikoiset olosuhteet. Keywords: als; auch; der; des; die; hän; keso; oli; salaojitusyhdistyksen; sekä; und
• Tulvaniittytutkimuksia Helsingin Yliopiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemessä by Pohjakallio, Onni ; Laurila, Kaiho (1955) - Tä- män saraikon korkeus ja tiheys oli hyvin vaihtelevaa. Wasser Anfang Juni 19-52 Tutkimusten tulosten tarkastelua Tutkitusta tulvaniittyalueesta oli n. 2/3 vesisaraikkoa, 1/5 korteikkoa, vajaa 1/10 maasaraikkoa ja n. 1/25 heinäkasviniittyä. Keywords: abb; bestand; der; die; gedüngt; hyvin; joka; kaiho; koetilalla; kuin; kuitenkin; kuva; lannoitettu; lannoituksen; muddusniemen; myös; oli; olivat; poa; pohjakallio; pratensis; pääasiassa; sadon; sato; sen; taul; taulukko; tulvaniityn; und; vaikutus; vain; veden; vrt; vuosina
• Eemeli Kitunen by Aalto-Setälä, J. E. (1956) - Hän oh myös Pohjois- maiden maataloustutkijain yhdistyksen Suomen osaston johtokunnan jäsen, useiden tieteellisten seurojen jäsen, Rikkihappo- ja ja tutkimusmenetelmät tieteellisesti täysin J. E. AALTO-SETÄLÄ72 päteviksi ja kansainvälisen mitan täyttäviksi. Keywords: chairman; commerce; eemeli; hän; hänen; jäsen; kauran; kitunen; law; member; oli; puheenjohtaja; research; seed; sekä; siementarkastuslaitoksen; state; station; testing; valtion
• D. J. Hissink by Kivinen, Erkki (1956) - Mutta Hissink, huolimatta siitä että hän oli 1939 tullut täysin palvelleeksi, ryhtyi sodan päätyttyä jälleen voimak- kaasti kehittämään yhteistoimintaa, ja jo v. 1950 yli 700 maaperäntutkijaa eri puolilta maapalloa kokoontui Amsterdamiin neljänteen kansainväliseen kongres- siin. Tämä työ tapahtui hyvin suu- ressa määrin laajana yhteistyönä monien saksalaisten ja ranskalaisten tutkijoiden kanssa ja se oli omiaan kehittämään Groningenin maantutkimuslaitoksesta kan- sainvälisesti tunnetun tutkimuskeskuksen. Keywords: erittäin; hissink; hän; hänen; maan; mutta; oli; sen; tutkimuksia
• Equisetum palustren esiintymisestä luonnontilaisilla soilla Keski- ja Pohjois-Suomessa by Uotila, Irja (1957) - Auf die Hauptmoortypen verteilen sich die Probeflächen von E. palustre folgendermassen (Ta- belle 1, S. 123); Brücher 57.4 %, Reisermoore 26.2 %, Weissmoore 11.0 % und Braunmoore 5.4 %. Taulukoissa on vertailun vuoksi ryhmitetty myöskin sa- moista kenttätutkimuskirjoista poimitut E. fluviatile- ja E. silvaticum- näyteruudut eri suotyyppien kesken. Keywords: anzahl; anzahl anzahl; auf; bei; den; der; die; eigentliche; eniten; equisetum; eri; eutrofisia; ist; kuin; lukumäärä; määrä; näyteruuduissa; näyteruutujen; oli; ollut; ovat; palustre; probeflächen; silvaticum; sind; sphagnum; tai; und; varsinaiset; verschiedenen; von; weissmoore; yli; über
• Siemenviljan itävyyttä alentavista tekijöistä by Hilli, Aarne (1958) - i i i r ipl % ja monitahoisella ohralla (piirros 1), kauralla ja kevätvehnällä (piirros 2) sekä syysveh- nällä ja rukiilla (piirros 3). Keywords: bei; diagramm; gerste; hallan; itävyys; itävyyttä; kaksitahoisella; kauralla; kevätvehnällä; kpl; kuin; monitahoisella; näytteiden; ohralla; oli; piirros; proben; rukiilla; sekä; syysvehnällä; und
• Nautakarjan kivennäisaineiden syönnistä laitumella. I by Uotila, Irja (1958) - Kalsiumia söivät eläimet hiehoa kohti keskimäärin 23.2 g/p ja fosforia 10.8 g/p eli siis enemmän kuin lehmät (ks. koe II). Magnesia-seoksen sisältämässä magnesiumkarbonaattilisässä sai- vat lehmät eläintä kohti 0.23 g/p ja luujauhoissa 0.31 g/p magnesiumia. Keywords: aikana; animal; cows; day; eläintä; fodder; keskimäärin; kohti; kokeessa; kuin; lehmät; mixture; oli; ruokasuolaa; salt; söivät; test
• Juomaveden merkityksestä varttuneitten vasikoitten ja nuorten hiehojen ruokinnassa by Mäkelä, Aarne (1958) - p. 198; 12, p. 748; 15, p. 41) mainitsevat kokeista, joitten mukaan heinän ja väkirehun ja samalla myös kuiva-aineen syönti suurenee, jos vasikat maidon lisäksi saavat vettä, vaikka ruokinnassa käytettäisiin runsaasti kuorittua maitoa. Keväällä 1951 suoritettiin viidellä eri ikäisellä vasikalla alustava koe, missä juomamäärää, johon kuului kuorittua maitoa ja vettä, lisättiin vain vähäisissä mää- rin lähtökohtana tilalla aikaisemmin käytännössä ollut verraten vähäinen juoma- määrä. Keywords: eri; hiehojen; koejaksoina; kohti; kuin; kuiva; maitoa; myös; oli; olivat; saivat; vapaasti; vasikoitten; veden; vesimäärä; vettä; water
• Ryvässipulin (Allium cepa L. v. Solaninum alef.) idätyksen vaikutuksesta kukintojen kehittymiseen ja sipulin versomiseen varastossa by Aura, Klaus (1958) - Onion germination experiment 15. Left ungerminated onions. Keywords: days; flower; germination; oli; onions; sipulin; stalks; storage; week
• Omenapuun juuristosta by Vuorinen, Jouko (1958) - Puun ikä 4 vuotta, latvuksen halkaisija 1.2 m ja puun korkeus 2.2 m sekä rungon halkaisia y, metrin korkeudessa 36 mm. Maalaji on hyvin jäykkä aitosavi ja puun ikä noin 18 vuotta. Keywords: fig; halkaisija; hyvin; juuret; juuristo; juurten; kuin; latvuksen; melko; metrin; mutta; oli; piirr; piirros; puun; root; rungon; rungosta; soil; system; trees; ulottuu; vain
• Nautakarjan kivennäisaineiden syönnistä laitumella. II by Uotila, Irja (1959) - V. 1958 suoritetuissa kokeissa ne saivat kokeessa I 74 % Na-sta Na-fosfaa- tista ja kokeessa II 42 %. Seos I sisälsi pääosalta dikalsiumfosfaattia ja kalsiumkarbonaattia ja seos II dikal- siumfosfaattia ja ruokasuolaa. Keywords: cows; eläintä; kohti; kokeessa; kuin; lehmien; lehmät; määrä; oli; phosphate; ruokasuolaa; söivät; test
• Ophiobolus graminis sacc. todettu maassamme kevätvehnässä by Ikäheimo, Katri (1959) - Studies on Ophiobolus graminis Sacc. and the take-all disease of wheat. Table on p. 182), a province in South Finland, the presence of Ophiobolus graminis Sacc. has been determined. Keywords: graminis; oli; olivat; ophiobolus; sacc; spring; wheat
• Omenien varastoimisesta alhaisessa lämpötilassa by Säkö, Jaakko (1959) - Niissä todettiin, ettei varaston lämpötilan pitäminen +s° C:ssa aikaansaanut omenien säilymisessä selvää paran- nusta verrattuna tavalliseen tuuletusvarastoon varastoituihin omeniin. Seuraavassa selvitetään muutamien Suomessa viljeltyjen omenalajikkeiden varastointia alle 0° C:n lämpötilassa. Keywords: apples; kaneli; kuin; lämpötilan; lämpötilassa; mallon; oli; omenat; omenien; omenissa; sen; storage; varaston
• Syysrypsin talvituhosienien torjuntakokeita käsittelemällä kasvustot fungisiideilla by Jamalainen, E. A.; Haavisto, Matti (1959) - In the autumn of 1956 scores of PCNB treatment tests with winter turnip rape were made in different parts of the country, mostly in S-W Finland. Tests with winter turnip rape made jointly by Kasviöljy Oy and the Department of Plant Pathology in 1955— 56. Keywords: fungi; kokeissa; käsittely; oli; pcnb; rape; temperature; tests; treatment; turnip; winter
• Viljakaskaan (Calligypona pellucida f.) aiheuttaman kaurantuhon vaikutus kauran viljelyalaan ja satoihin Suomessa by Raatikainen, Mikko; Tinnilä, Aulis (1959) - Syynä tällaiseen laskuun voivat olla kesän 1956 sekä seuraavan talven ja kevätkesän bioottiset ja abioottiset tekijät, mm. talven lumettomuus ja tulvat. Kaman sadut ja viljelyalat tuhoalueella ja sen läheisyydessä Viljakaskaan aiheuttaman kaurantuhon voimakkuudesta, yleistymisestä sekä sen viljelykasvialoihin aiheuttamista muutoksista saa tilastollista todistusaineistoa maataloustilastosta (16) sekä kirjanpitotilojen vuosikatsauksista. Keywords: alueella; area; cereals; damage; farms; fig; kaurantuhon; kirjanpitotilojen; koko; kuin; kuva; mukaan; mvs; oats; oli; ovat; pellucida; plants; pohjanmaan; satakunnan; sekä; sen; societies; spring; suomen; svenska; table; taulukko; tuhoalueen; tuhon; vuosina; yields; österbottens
• Kotona viljellyn kevätviljan siemenkelpoisuudesta by Hilli, Aarne (1960) - BeX.d- % keskim. knrne korn Fremde % Reinheit Unkraut- teile im Entspelzte kpl/kg im Durch- im Durch- Sorten Übrige % samenim- Samen Durch- Samen Samen schnitt , schnitt , Keimfähigkeit in Keimungsklassen eingeordnet Vähimmät kauppa- Siemenlaji Itävyys luokittain % siemenvaatimukset Samenart Keimfähigkeitsklassen % täyttäneitä eriä Partien , welche die Alle 30 30—49 50—69 70—74 75—79 80—84 85—89 90—100 Unter gefüllt haben kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % Sl. St. St. St. St. St. St. St. St. Kaura 10 2,0 30 6,2 60 12,3 33 6,2 43 9,4 62 12,7 82 16,9 167 34,3 354 73,3 Hafer Kevätvehnä .. 2 0,9 7 3,1 47 20,7 21 9,3 18 7,9 37 Keywords: die; gerste; hafer; kauralla; keskim; kevätvehnällä; kpl; ohralla; ohrassa; oli; samen; schnitt; sekä; sommerweizen; und; von
• Nautakarjan kivennäisaineiden syönnistä laitumella. III by Uotila, Irja (1962) - Sama havainto on tehty aikai- semmissakin kokeissa (4 ja s. 144), siis että hiehot syövät enemmän kalsiumpitoisia kivennäisrehu ja kuin lehmät. Tässä kokeessa on käytetty muutoin samoja kivennäisrehuja (ruo- kintakalkki, -dolomiitti, seos IV ja ruokasuola) kuin lehmien kokeessa 111 paitsi karkeampaa ruokasuolaa. Keywords: aikana; cows; fodder; g g; hiehot; koe; kohti; kokeissa; kuin; lehmät; limestone; mixture; oli; phosphate; rehusuolaseos; ruokasuolaa; salt; seosta; söivät; total
• Onni Pohjakallio by Jamalainen, E. A. (1965) - 1961 & Salonen, A. & Antila, S. Kevätviljan kehityksestä Helsingin Yliopiston Viikin (60° 10' N) ja Muddusniemen (69° 5' N) koetiloilla suoritetuissa kenttäkokeissa. Kasvi- kudoksen energian puutteesta ja kasvikudoksen nälkäkuolemasta Pohjakallio jul- kaisi useampia tutkimuksia. Keywords: acta; agric; aikak; antila; apilan; auf; den; der; die; hän; hänen; ibid; kauran; maatal; oli; plant; pohjakallio; referat; salonen; selostus; tiet; und; vaikutuksesta; von; über
• Piiloitävyyteen liittyvän entsyymitoiminnan vaikutuksista ohran laatuominaisuuksiin by Orko, Ari; Keränen, A. J. A.; Tikka, Jyry (1965) - Hyvälaatuisen idättämättömän ohran proteolyyttinen aktiivisuus oli vajaa puolet huonolaatuisen ohraseoksen aktiivisuudesta, ja idätyksen aikana molempien ohranäytteiden aktiivisuus lisääntyi jokseenkin samalla nopeudella. ja itämiskapasiteetti 97 %. Keywords: activity; aikana; aktiivisuuden; aktiivisuus; barley; entsyymien; germination; huonolaatuisen; hyvälaatuisen; idätyksen; jälkeen; kuin; kuva; ohran; ohraseoksen; oli; quality; vrk
• Myöhäisen typpilannoituksen vaikutus kevätvehnän satoon ja leivinominaisuuksiin by Raininko, Kyösti (1966) - ja koetoim. Nora ja 10.9. Keywords: 1964; aikaan; grain; jauhon; koe; mcpa; number; oli; oraille; quality; sadon; sitkon; typpilannoituksen; vaikutus; vehnän; vuoden; vuosina
• K. T. Jutila by Lehtinen, Artturi (1967) - ja metsätalousoloista ja asutuspolitiikasta. Hän oli vaatimaton, kaikille erotuksetta ystävällinen ja säilytti vaikeuksissakin optimistisen uskon, että kaikki lopulta kään- tyy parhain päin. Keywords: aikana; hän; hänen; itsenäisyyden; jutila; kuin; maatalouden; maatalous; oli; sekä; suomen
• Kuorihumus kasvualustana: Alustavia kokeita by Suhonen, Irma (1968) - Tomaatin sato/ruutu (kg) ja I laatuluokan osuus (%). Alustojen kaliumluku oli 250—470 mg/1, ja muutokset analyysiluvuissa olivat samanlaiset. Keywords: bark; growth; humus; kuorihumuksen; kuorihumus; mukaan; oli; peat; peruslannoituksena; sekä; soil; table; taulukko; tomaatin
• Yhteistoiminta maanviljelijöiden välillä by Honkala, Kauko (1968) - Verrattaessa kolmea yhteistoiminnan muotoa keskenään jää vaikutelmaksi se, että koneiden yhteisomistus esiintyy useamman samankokoisten tilojen, ja työnvaihto ja konei- den vaihto lukuisammin erikokoisten tilojen välillä. Yleisimmät yhdistelmät ovat isä ja poika, veljekset keskenään ja veli ja lanko. Keywords: age; area; cent; cooperation; cooperativeness; distribution; exchange; farmers; jakautuma; joka; koneiden; mukaan; mutta; offarmers; oli; ovat; peltoala; prosenttinen; siis; table; tai; taulukko; tiloilla; tilojen; total; vaihto; viljelijöiden; välillä; yht; yhteistoiminnallisuuden; yhteistoiminnan
• August Jäntti by Huokuna, Erkki (1969) - Jäntin elämäntyön tärkeimmiksi saavutuksiksi muodostuivat lyhytikäisen laidun- nurmen viljelymenetelmien kehittäminen, maatilatalouden yleisten peruskorjausten esittä- minen sekä viimeksi voimaperäisten laidun- ja säilörehunurmien viljelyyn ja hyväksikäyt- töön liittyvät tutkimukset. Nyt osaamme arvostaa hänen elämäntyötään ja tun- nemme kaipausta hyvän ystävän lähdettyä. Keywords: hän; hänen; jäntin; jäntti; oli; suomen
• Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden vaikutus pavun taimien kasvuun I. Vaikutuksen riippuvuus käsittelytavasta ja yölämpötilasta by Kaukovirta, Erkki (1969) - Taulukossa 6 esitetään koko kasvin ja lehtien tuorepainot ja taulukossa 7 vastaavasti kuivapainot. Cycocelin ja B-ninen vaikutus oli vähäisempi ja riippui käsittelytavasta ja lämpötilasta (vrt. Keywords: cycocel; dmso; drench; growth; jälkeen; kastelu; keskim; kuin; lehtiasteella; lehtien; mean; mutta; oli; phosfon; ruiskutus; spray; ssa; temperature; vaikutus; varhaislehtiasteen; vrk
• Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden vaikutus pavun taimien kasvuun III. Vaikutuksen riippuvuus lämpötilasta by Kaukovirta, Erkki (1969) - Kaikki kasvunsääteet pienensivät lehtipinta-alaa merkitsevästi 24° C:ssa, lisäksi Cycocel 21° C:ssa sekä Cycocel ja Phosfon 18° C:ssa. Kaikki kasvunsääteet rajoittivat pituuskasvua lähes saman verran 12° C:ssa, mutta muissa lämpötiloissa B-nine yleensä vähemmän kuin Cycocel ja Phosfon. Keywords: cycocel; day; growth; kasvunsääteillä; kokeissa; kuin; käsiteltyjen; lehtien; lämpötilan; lämpötiloissa; night; oli; paino; phosfon; päivälämpötila; rel; retardants; ssa; taimien; temperature; vaikutus; verrannekasvien
• Tutkimuksia kasvua hillitsevien aineiden käytöstä turveviljelyssä by Kaukovirta, Erkki (1969) - B- nine rajoitti taimien pituuskasvua hiekan ja turpeen seoksessa suhteellisesti yhtä paljon kuin hiekassa ja enemmän kuin turpeessa. Näissä tutkimuksissa haluttiin selvittää, 1) mikä on syynä Cycocelin ja Phosfonin erilaiseen käyttäytymiseen turpeessa, 2) johtuuko käsittelytuloksissa todettu vaihtelu turvelaatujen eroista ja 3) voidaanko kasvua hillitse- vien aineiden tehoa parantaa lisäämällä hiekkaa turpeeseen. Keywords: cycocel; cycocelin; growth; hiekassa; kuin; oli; peat; phosfon; phosfonin; pituuskasvua; rel; taulukko; turpeen; turpeessa; uute; vaikutus
• Wilhelm Rudorf by Pesola, Vilho A. (1970) - Argentiina oli silloin ja on edelleen huo- mattava vehnän vientimaa. ja ohran härmäsientä (Erysiphe) . Keywords: der; erityisesti; hänen; kasvinjalostuksen; myös; oli; olivat; professori; rudorf; rudorfin; tutkimusten; vehnän; wilhelm
• Ilmari Poijärvi by Lampila, Martti (1970) - Professori Poijärven keskeisimmäksi elämäntehtäväksi muodostui kuitenkin hänen johtamansa osaston, nykyisen kotieläinhoidon tutkimuslaitoksen, kehittäminen ja sen puit- teissa suoritettu laaja ja kaikki tärkeimmät kotieläimet käsittävä monipuolinen tutkimus- työ. 7,1, 1968) hän on selostanut monipuolisen tutkimustyönsä tuloksia antaen ohjeita ja laajaan asiantuntemukseensa pohjautuvia neuvoja käytännön karjaväelle mitä moninaisimmissa kysymyksissä. Keywords: hänen; jäsenenä; myös; oli; professori; sekä
• Nurmet, Italian raiheinä ja rehukaali tuorerehukasveina suoviljelyksillä by Paulamäki, Erkki; Luostarinen, Heikki (1971) - Tulokset on saatu Suo- viljelysyhdistyksen Leteensuon ja Italian raiheinä ja rehukaali ovat monien tutkimusten mukaan arvokkaita yksivuotisia rehukasveja (Anttinen 1965, Iso- talo 1966, Andersson 1968 jne.), jotka menestyvät myös suoviljelyksillä. Keywords: 1967—69; kuin; leteensuolla; ley; nurminata; oli; olivat; puna; raiheinä; rehukaali
• Typpi- ja kalilannoituksen vaikutus ruokaperunan laatuun by Ellala, Anita; Vanhanen, Lasse; Kurkela, Rakel (1971) - Noston yhteydessä perunat lajiteltiin kolmeen eri kokoluokkaan 25—35 mm, 35—55 mm ja > 55 mm. Kokeet ja tulokset Keskimääräinen ominaispaino ja ominaispainojakau- tum a. Keskimääräiset ominaispainot on esitetty taulukossa 2 ja ominaispainojakautu- mat kuvassa 3. Keywords: 1964; bintje; eri; hietaisella; hietamaalla; kuin; maun; mikkeli; multavalla; oli; perunan; potato; quality; realta; ruokaperunan; tummunut; urpasavella; vaikutus; vehkalahti
• Peltoviljelykoneiden käytöstä, kestoiästä ja poistamissyistä by Oksanen, Erkki H. (1971) - Peltoalan ja konemallin ristiintaulukoinnista oli todettavissa, että käytettävät aurakoot suurenivat tutkimuskau- della, ja että suurilla tiloilla käytettiin suurempia auroja kuin pienillä. Muita sekalaisia syitä aina tulipaloa myö- ten esiintyi vuosina 1964 ja 1969 yhteensä kuuden koneen kohdalla. Keywords: age; eri; ilmoitettiin; koneen; koneiden; koneita; kuin; käytöstä; levitin; levittimen; maatalouden; machines; myös; niittokone; oli; olivat; ploughs; spreaders; tai; tiloilla; tractor; traktorin; use; varatai; vuosina; vuotta; years; yli
• Kahdella eri lannoitustasolla viljeltyjen perunalajikkeiden laatu ruokaperunana by Kurkela, Rakel; Ellala, Anita; Vanhanen, Lasse (1971) - Varhaisperunalajikkeista säilyivät 4—5 vrk tum- mumattomina Ostara, Siikli, Sirtema ja Tanja Doren ja Erstelingin säilyessä 2—3 vrk. Poikkeuksena olivat Ostara, Siikli ja Patrones, jotka olivat maultaan ja jauhoisuudeltaan moitteettomia vasta ominais- painosta > 1.085 lähtien. Keywords: alfa; bintje; eri; milva; moitteettoman; oli; ostara; patrones; realta; rekord; ruokaperunan; siikli; sirtema; tanja; tombola
• Kasvuston tiheyden ja lämpötilan vaikutus jauhosavikan (Chenopodium album L.) ja sen sadon kehittymiseen by Erviö, Leila-Riitta (1972) - Juuriston paino yksilöä kohti oli fytotroneissa kasvien samalla kehitysasteella suurempi harvassa kuin tiheässä kasvustossa ja myös suurempi 12° C:n kuin 24° G:n lämpötilassa, kuten oheiset suhdeluvut jauhosavikan kukintavai- heessa osoittavat: Kasvutiheys 256 kpl/m 2 1152 „ 24° C 6 mg = 100 33 12° C 3700 1050 Satokäyrän muotoon vaikuttivat huomattavassa määrin kasvuston tiheys ja lämpötila. Keywords: album; astiakoehallissa; fytotroneissa; haarojen; harvassa; jauhosavikan; kasvien; kasvustossa; kohti; kuin; kukinta; lai; lämpötila; lämpötilassa; oli; sadon; sen; ssa; taulukko; temperature; tiheässä; yksilöä
• Sclerotinia borealis -sienen merkitys nurmiheinien talvehtimisen heikentäjänä Helsingin yliopiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemessä vuosina 1950-65 I. Sääolosuhteiden vaikutus S. borealisen esiintymiseen sekä heinälajin ja -lajikkeen vaikutus nurmen talvehtimiseen by Nissinen, Oiva; Salonen, Arvi (1972) - S 1962—65 100 Koemateriaali ja tutkimusmenetelmät Vuosina 1950—65 tutkitut heinälajit ja -lajikkeet on esitetty taulukossa 1. Tämä merkitsee sitä, että S. borealis voi kasvaa ja vahingoittaa kasveja käytännöllisesti katsoen läpi koko talven. Keywords: 1962—65; borealis; fescue; grass; hyvin; jamalainen; kauppas; keväällä; leys; meadow; myös; oli; olivat; ovat; piirros; stands; talvehtiminen; tammisto; taulukko; timothy; vuoden; vuosina; wintering; year
• Sclerotinia borealis -sienen merkitys nurmiheinien talvehtimisen heikentäjänä Helsingin yliopiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemessä vuosina 1950-65 II. Viljelytekniikan vaikutus nurmen talvehtimiseen by Nissinen, Oiva; Salonen, Arvi (1972) - Seuraavassa tutkimuksessa selvitellään tärkeimpien viljelyteknillisten seikkojen mer- kitystä nurmen talvehtimiseen ja S. borealis -sienen esiintymisrunsauteen Helsingin yli- opiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemessä vuosina 1957—65. Elokuulla kylvetty oras jäi pieneksi ja oli altis S. borealisen tuhoille. Keywords: borealis; date; effect; fertilization; kuiva; kvintotseeni; leys; nitrogen; nurmen; oli; olivat; piirros; quintozene; sowing; talvehtimiseen; vaikutus; wintering
• Lämpötilan ja poutajakson vaikutus jauhosavikan (Chenopodium album L.) ja viljan väliseen kilpailuun by Erviö, Leila-Riitta (1972) - Lämpötilan vaikutus jauhosavikan ja kauran sekä näiden sekakasvuston satoon. Tätä kaavaa käyttäen laskettiin jauhosavikan ja vehnän valtauskertoimet kokeessa 11, jossa yksilöitten kokonaislukumäärä astioissa oli yhtä suuri. Keywords: album; c. album; competition; jauhosavikan; kanssa; kasvien; kauran; kokeen; kuin; kun; oats; oli; puhdas; puhtaassa; sato; sekakasvustossa; stage; stand; vehnän; weather; weight; wheat
• Lämpötilan, valaistuksen ja kasvutiheyden vaikutus jauhosavikan (Chenopodium album L.) satoon by Erviö, Leila-Riitta (1972) - ja jauhosavikan (Erviö 1971) Tutkittujen lämpötilojen vaikutus jauhosavikan satoon ilmeni varsin selvänä, sillä kaikki seuraavien satojen väliset erot osoittautuivat tilastollisesti merkitseviksi: Sato/astia, suhdeluku 24° C 8 24°—14° C 16 12° C 110 I2°—7° C 100 185 Jauhosavikan kuiva-ainesato pinta-alayksiköltä nousi voimakkaan vegetatiivisen kasvun ja hitaasti tapahtuneen kehityksen vuoksi alhaisissa koelämpötiloissa moninkertaiseksi kor- keisiin verrattuna. Keywords: heikossa; jauhosavikan; kasvuston; koelämpötiloissa; kuin; kun; kuva; lisääntyessä; luxin; lämpötilan; mutta; oli; ollessa; pinta; sadon; sato; tiheyden; vaikutus; valaistuksen; valaistuksessa
• Vihreän parsan viljely- ja lajikekoe v. 1960-71 by Suhonen, Irma (1972) - Taimikasvatusta varten parsa kylvettiin avomaalle 17.5. 1960, ja se istutettiin var- sinaiselle kasvupaikalle toukokuun viimeisellä viikolla v. 1961 (lohko I) ja v. 1962 (lohko II). Parsa kylvettiin v. 1960 ja istutettiin v. 1961 ja 1962. Keywords: asparagus; keskimäärin; kuin; oli; parsan; sato; sekä; taulukko; verson; vihreän
• Heinä-kaura dieetti ratsuhevosten energian, sulavan raakavalkuaisen sekä kivennäis- ja hivenaineiden lähteenä by Kossila, Vappu; Virtanen, Erkki; Maukonen, Johanna (1972) - ja hivenaineiden saanti heinistä ja kauroista. ja ravinnon- saantitutkimuksia lämminverihevosilla oloissamme. Keywords: aikana; heinien; hevoset; hevosilla; hevosten; kcal; keskim; keskimäärin; kokeessa; mukaan; oli; päivässä; saanti; srv; taulukko; tutkimuksessa; vastaavasti
• Ratsuhevosten veren hemoglobiini-, glukoosi- ja seerumin kolesteroli-, kivennäis- ja hivenainepitoisuuksista I. Erot eri ikäisten ja eri talleissa pidettyjen hevosten välillä by Kossila, Vappu; Tanhuanpää, Eero; Virtanen, Erkki; Luoma, Esko (1972) - ScHRYVERin ja HiNTzin (1972) mukaan runsaasti fosforia sisältävä dieetti nostaa seerumin P-tasoa, alentaa Ca-tasoa ja vähentää Ca;n ja Mg:n hyväksikäyttöä. NERTin ja TRAUTMANNin (1965) hevoselle esittämät normaaliarvot, K 17 mg % ja Na 310 mg %, Keywords: arvot; hevoset; hevosilla; hevosten; kuin; levels; mutta; oli; olivat; tallin; taso; taulukko; veren; veriseerumin
• Lannoitustavan vaikutus perunan ravinteiden saantiin ja mukuloiden kemialliseen koostumukseen by Varis, Eero (1975) - Rivilannoitusta käytettäessä perunan typpi- määrä nousi koko kesän ja syksyllä selvästi suuremmaksi kuin muilla lan- noitustavoilla (CE). Varianssianalyysi lannoitustavan vaikutuksesta perunan ravinteiden saantiin ja mukuloiden kemialliseen koostumukseen. Keywords: ainesadon; fertilizer; kasvukauden; kuiva; käytettäessä; käyttö; lannoitemäärää; magnesiumin; mukuloiden; oli; perunan; piirros; ravinteiden; syksyllä
• Kuivatun kanansonnan energia-, valkuais- ja kivennäisarvo märehtijöillä by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Suvitie, Marjatta; Näsi, Matti (1975) - Kokeessa todettiin, että hivenaineet erittyivät lähes kokonaan ja fosfori ja kalsium pääosaltaan sonnassa. Magne- siumista erittyi virtsassa noin 45 % ja natriumista ja kaliumista 70 —75 %. Keywords: arvo; diet; energia; k.a; kanansonnan; manure; oli; poultry; protein; sen; srv; sulavuus; typen
• Seossuhteen ja kylvöajankohdan vaikutus ohran ja kevätrypsin kilpailuun by Erviö, Leila-Riitta (1975) - Ohraa 100 % » 75 » , kevätrypsiä 25 % » 50 » » 50 » » 25 » , » 75 » Kevätrypsiä 100 % Kasvit korjattiin neljällä kehitysasteella: ohran pensomisen alkaessa (rypsi 3—5-lehtiasteella), ohran pensoessa (rypsi kukki), ohran ollessa tähkällä (rypsin kukinta lopullaan) ja ohran ollessa tuleentunut (rypsi tuleentunut). Seossuhteen vaikutus ohran ja rypsin satoon tuleentumisvaiheessa. Keywords: barley; date; kuin; leaf; lehtiaste; myöhemmin; ohraa; oli; rape; rypsin; sekakasvustossa; sowing; spring; stage; turnip; viikkoa; week
• Eräiden rikkakasvihävitteiden teho perunalla by Syvälahti, J.; Ylänen, M.; Leskelä, A. (1975) - Prometryyni ja syanatsiini eivät ole tehonneet yhtä hyvin rikkakasveihin ja satotulos on ilmeisesti tämän takia ollut epätasaisempi. Parhaiten rikkakasveihin tehoavia aineita ovat olleet linuroni ja terbutryyni, sitten prometryyni, syanatsiini ja MCPA. Keywords: control; oli; perunan; rikkakasvien
• Varsien poiston ja nostoajan vaikutus Realta-perunan satoon ja mekaanisten vikojen runsauteen by Varis, Eero (1974) - Varsien poiston ja nostoajan vaikutus tärkkelyspitoisuuteen oli merki- tyksettömän pieni. Varsien poiston ja nostoajan vaikutus tärkkelyspitoisuuteen. Keywords: effects; harvest; haulm; mukuloiden; mustelmien; mutta; määrä; nostoaika; nostoajan; nostossa; oli; poistettu; poiston; sadon; time; vaikutus; varsien
• Kasvuolojen ja lannoituksen vaikutus siemenperunan sadontuottokykyyn ja sadon laatuun by Varis, Eero (1974) - Maalajin vaikutus siemenperunan sadontuottokykyyn ja sadon laatuun. Mg-lannoituksen vaikutus siemenperunan sadontuottokykyyn ja sadon laatuun. Keywords: capacity; content; crop; effects; laatuun; lannoituksen; lannoitus; mukuloita; myös; ns ns; oli; potatoes; quality; sadon; sadontuottokykyyn; seed; siemenperunan; starch; table; taulukko; tubers; vaikutus; vuosi; year; yield
• Sokerijuurikkaan naatit ja niistä valmistettu säilörehu: I. Koostumus ja rehuarvo  by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta (1974) - Ero naattien ja naattisäilörehun ja myös eri säilöntäkerrosten säi- lörehujen välillä oli tilastollisesti merkitsevä (P<0.01). Sokerijuurikkaan naattien ja naattisäilörehun in vitro-sulavuus, % Table 3. Keywords: beet; k.a; kuiva; matter; naattien; naattisäilörehun; oli; silages; silo; sugar; tops; vitro
• Martti Salonen by Kivinen, Erkki (1974) - Myös maan fysikaaliset tutkimusmenetelmät ovat kehittyneet ja tehostuneet, joten lähitulevaisuudessa on mahdol- lista entistä tarkemmin seurata viljelystoimenpiteiden sekä lannoituksen ja kalkituksen vaikutusta peltomaan rakenteeseen ja erityisesti kosteus- sekä ilmavuussuhteisiin. Sen jälkeen hän yksityisoppilaana suoritti keskikoulun- kurssin Paimiossa ja 1932 ylioppilastutkinnon Turun lyseossa arvosanalla laudatur. Keywords: erityisesti; hän; hänen; kanssa; kasvinviljelyn; lannoitteiden; maan; maatalouden; martti; myöhemmin; myös; niiden; oli; ollut; ovat; salonen; sekä; sen
• Koetuloksia säilörehunurmien typpilannoituksesta saraturvesuolla by Luostarinen, Heikki (1974) - Yr = 0.720 -(- 0.462 x 0.0521 x 2, missä y = raakavalkuaissato t/ha ja x = lannoitus 100 kg/ha N. Vastaava rajatuotosfunktio on yr ’ = 0.462 0.104 x, jolloin typpikilo 1,10 mk/100 kg ja raakavalkuaisen hinta 2,50 reservikaliurain vähennykset pystyivät selittämään vain runsaat puolet nurmien ottaman kaliumin kokonaisvähennyksestä, kun typpilannoitus oli 450 kg/ha N ja kalilannoitus kerta-apnoksena keväällä annettuna 100 kg/ha K (Joy ym. 1973). Keywords: ensimmäisen; kaliumin; kuin; kuiva; käytettäessä; ley; mutta; myös; niitto; nitrogen; nurmi; nurmien; nurmissa; oli; ruohon; saatiin; taulukko; typpilannoituksen; vaikutus; vuoden
• Lannoitustavan vaikutus perunasadon kehittymiseen ja sadon laatuun by Varis, Eero; Lannetta, Ilmo (1974) - Sadon kokojakautuma (%), alle 40 mm, 40 —55 mm ja yli 55 mm. ns Lehdistön paino Lisätty lannoitus aiheutti lehdistön rehevämmän kasvun (keskimäärin 270 ja 306 g). Keywords: application; effects; fertilization; lannoitemäärää; lannoitteiden; lannoituksen; method; mukuloiden; myös; määrän; oli; piirros; rate; rivimultaus; sadon; tuber; vaikutus; yield; yklv; � �
• Tutkimus muikun eräistä elintarviketeknologisista ominaisuuksista by Laine, Jorma J.; Raussi, Virve; Koivistoinen, Pekka (1976) - ja 1969 5 683 tn (Sutela 1970). Crssa 24 —36 tuntia ja +lo°C:ssa alle 24 tuntia. Keywords: albula; coregonus; figures; keitele; kuten; kuvat; lake; muikku; muikun; oli; pyydetyn; ssa; tba
• Ethephonin vaikutus marjojen irtoamiseen ja kypsymiseen eräissä Suomessa viljellyissä herukkalajikkeissa by Kaukovirta, Erkki; Murto, Outi (1976) - Vaikutus marjojen kypsymiseen Ingram (1973) katsoo ethephonin käytöstä saatavan mustaherukalla selvim- män hyödyn siinä, että se edistää marjojen kypsymistä ja mahdollistaa siten aikaisen poiminnan ja vähentää raakojen marjojen osuutta. ja punaherukan marjojen irtoamiseen ennen korjuuta (pylvään alaosa) ja ravitettaessa (pylvään yläosa). Keywords: brödtorp; days; effects; ennen; ethephon; fruit; harvest; hort; jälkeen; käsittelyn; lehtien; marjojen; oli; ppm; taulukko; vaikutus
• Avomaakurkkujen pektolyyttisistä muutoksista korjuukauden aikana by Mustranta, Antti; Kiesvaara, Martti; Kuusi, Taina (1976) - Tässä tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvittämään avomaankurkun pektiini- materiaalin ja pektolyyttisten entsyymien muutoksia kasvun aikana ja nii- den suhdetta konsistenssiin. Satokaudet 1973 ja 1974 poikkesivat ilmastollisesti varsin paljon toisistaan. Keywords: bock; cucumber; eri; kuiva; kurkun; oli; olivat; satokauden; sekä; size; superb; todettiin; välillä
• Suomalaisten lämminveristen kilpailukuntoisten ravihevosten veriarvoista by Kääntee, Esa (1977) - Verenpunasolukonsentra- tion nopeat vaihtelut eri tekijöiden, kuten hermostuneisuuden johdosta aiheut- tavat suuria poikkeamia Hb,-arvoihin, vaikka näytteenotto-olosuhteet ja mene- telmät olisivatkin standardisoidut. Rutiinitarkastusten yhteydessä paljastuneet useat lannehalvaus- ja tying up-tapaukset selittävät aineistossa esiintyneen suuren SGOT-arvojen vaihtelun (80—4 500 KU). Keywords: arvot; cpk; g/100; hbr; hevosten; oli; olivat; ollessa; ovat; sap; seerumin; sekä; serum; sgot; stp; suorituskyvyn; values; veter; yhteydessä
• Sokeri- ja valkuaislisä korkeatuottoisten lypsylehmien väkirehussa nurmisäilörehuruokinnalla by Seppälä, Juha; Poutiainen, Esko; Luoma, Päivi (1977) - Alhainen rehun syönti, säilörehun ja kivennäisrehun alhainen Mg-pitoisuus (1.5 %), aiheuttivat Mg-vajauksen. Lehmien ruokintanormeina käytettiin tuotantorehun osalta 0.4 ry ja 60 g srv per 4-%:inen maitokilo. Keywords: aikana; grass; groups; jälkeen; keskimäärin; kokeen; kuiva; merkitsevästi; mg-%; oli; olivat; plasman; poikimisen; poikimisesta; ryhmä; ryhmällä; sekä; syönti; säilörehun
• Persiljan ja porkkanan siemenlevintäiset sienet Suomessa by Tahvonen, Risto (1978) - Tiivistelmä Suomeen tuotavien persiljan ja porkkanan siemenien mukana kulkeutuvien sienien selvittämiseksi tutkittiin vuosina 1969—75 kaupassa olleista persiljan siemenistä 36 erää ja porkkanan siemenistä 57 erää. ja Stemphylium radicinum-sienien vaikutus persiljan ja porkkanan itämiseen ja taimien kuolemiseen Jacobsenin idätysaltaalla. Keywords: alternaria; carrot; dauci; lots; oli; persiljan; petroselini; porkkanalla; porkkanan; radicinum; seed; spp; ssa; stemphylium; tiraami
• Alppiruusun pistokkaiden juurtumiseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä by Ylätalo, Marja (1979) - ja Rh. Havainnot juurtumisesta tehtiin kahden ja neljän kuukauden kuluttua pistämisestä, jolloin juuriston laatu arvotettiin seuraavan asteikon mukaisesti: 1. yksittäisiä juuria enintään 5 kpl, 2. Keywords: -lajin; brachycarpum; cuttings; iba; kahden; kuluttua; kuukauden; neljän; oli; pistokkaat; pistokkaiden; pistämisestä; rhododendron; rooting; ssp; tigerstedti; vaikutus
• Taimikasvatuslämpötilan vaikutus kukkakaalisadon valmistumiseen by Tahvonen, Risto (1979) - ~ » v Treatment Growing time (days) Sato kg/ kasvi halkaisija, mm No 20° C ja 8° C Yield kg/plant Diameter of and growing point, mm I 28 14 0.640.59 II 32 10 0.750.64 111 35 7 0.860.47 IV 21 14 0.580.18 V 25 10 0.620.23 VI 28 7 0.720.22 VII 21 0 0.580.18 VIII 28 0 0.730.26 LS DtQ.QS Lämpöisessä tehdyn taimikasvatuksen päätteeksi annetut kylmäkäsittelyt eivät alentaneet satoja (taulukko 2 ja 3). Lämpöisessä kasva- tetuilla 3 ja 4 viikon ikäisillä taimilla oli lyhin sadonkorjuuaika. Keywords: cauliflower; oli; sadon; taulukko; und; vaikutus; viikon; yield
• Puna- ja mustaherukan kantojen sienet ja lahoisuus vuoden kuluttua leikkauksesta ja leikkausajan vaikutus mustaherukan kasvuun by Tahvonen, Risto (1983) - Vuoden kuluttua leikkauk- sesta pensaisiin jääneetkannot poistettiin ja niiden lahoisuus ja sienet määri- tettiin. HERKO-tutkimus (LISKOLA ym. 1980), ja osa kokeista oli jo perustettu 1974 Viikkiin. Keywords: cinerea; currant; kankerdood; kantojen; kuin; mustaherukalla; mustaherukan; oli; pruning; sienet; spp; stumps; taulukko; time; vuoden
• Botrytis allii Munn -sienen infektoituminen sipuliin kasvukaudella ja sadonkorjuun aikana  by Tahvonen, Risto (1983) - Table I. Infection of onions by Botrytis allii in soil contaminated every year with onion debris. Tälle voimakkaasti saastutetulle alueelle ja samalle peltolohkolle 100—200 m päähän, jossa ei aikaisemmin oltu kasvatettu sipulia, istutettiin käsittelemättömiä ja 15 min. 0.1 %:ssa beno- myylissä liotettuja ’Stuttgarter Riesen’ sipulin pikkuistukkaita. Keywords: allii; benomyl; botrytis; harvesting; munn; oli; onion; sipuleita; sipulin; tahvonen; taulukko
• Erkki Kivinen 1903—1985 by Jaakkola, Antti (1985) - Hänen siirtyessään eläkkeelle ystävät, työtoverit ja oppilaat jul- kaisivat hänen kunniakseen juhlakirjan, jos- sa on yli 20 asiantuntija-artikkelia soista ja ki- vennäismaista. Tiettyihin maalajeihin ja maannoksiin suuntautuneen erityisen perehtyneisyyden ohella hän hahmotti jo varhain kuvan siitä, miten paljon ja missä meillä on viljelykelpois- ta maata. Keywords: agricultural; erkki; helsinki; hän; hänen; kivinen; oli; university; vuonna
• Havaintoja Pohjoismaiden Geenipankin Suomesta keräämistä ohranäytteistä by Ulvinen, Osmo (1986) - Ohrassa 58/10 sivuselkäsuonien väkäset olivat varsin heikko- ja. ja Keywords: cultivar; kuva; lajiketai; myös; näyte; näytteiden; ohra; oli; otra; samples; table; tahoisia; taulukko; type; tyyppikoostumus; varsin
• Effects of partial replacement of barley with rapeseed oil or birch wood in comparison to barley and oats on the performance and blood metabolites of lactating cows by Tesfa, Alem Tsehai; Tuori, Mikko; Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa; Kaustell, Kaisa (1992) - Finl. 1 (1992) Milk fat fatty acids There was no significant (P>0.10) difference between diets on certain fatty acids such as C 4 C6:o’ C 10:l’ C 12;0 C.4:P C 18:3 alld C20:0 (Table 8)' Concentrations of Cl2 C ]4.o and C l 6 0 decreased on oats and RSO feeding, but no apparent difference was observed between barley, W 1 and W 2 feeding on these fatty acids. RSO diet slightly increased milk and FCM yield and sustained milk protein yield but decreased milk fat and protein contents compared to barley. Keywords: barley; composition; content; cows; fat; fatty; fed; feeding; milk; oats; oil; oli; protein; rso; silage; wood; yield
• NPK-lannoituksen vaikutus perunoiden kemialliseen koostumukseen by Varis, Eero (1973) - Mukuloiden P-pitoisuus Mukuloiden kuiva-aineen keskimääräinen fosforipitoisuus vaihteli koe- vuosina 0.154—0.240 % ja tuoreiden mukuloiden fosfori-pitoisuus 31—50 mg/100 g. Fosforipitoisuudet alenivat kasvukauden aikana ja nousivat syk- syllä jonkin verran (0.214-0.175-0.162-0.184 ja 37-36-38-44) (vrt. ja 13.9. Keywords: aineen; contents; kasvukauden; kuiva; matter; mg/100; mukuloiden; myös; ns ns; oli; perunoiden; piirros; pitoisuus; potatoes; taulukko; vaikutus
• Haihtuvien rasvahappojen kvantitatiivinen määrittäminen pötsinesteestä ja säilörehusta kaasu-nestekromatograafisesti by Huida, Lea (1973) - Etikkahappo ja propionihappo, samoin kuin voihappo ja isovaleriaana- happo eivät aivan täydellisesti eronneet toisistaan (kuva 1). Epätäydellisesti saostunut proteiini ai- heutti kuitenkin perusviivavaikeuksia kromatografoinnin aikana ja piikit oli mitattava käsin integraattorin asemesta. Keywords: 1961; acid; chromatography; fatty; gas; koska; käytettiin; min; myös; oli; olivat; rasvahappojen; rumen; tutkimuksessa

• Comparing spring triticale varieties to barley and wheat varieties when harvested as whole crop by Manni, Katariina; Lötjönen, Timo; Huuskonen, Arto; Manni, Katariina (2021) - Production costs were calculated for whole crop barley silage, triticale silage, faba bean-wheat silage, and clo- ver-timothy silage. For example, barley whole crop silage has a different value for dairy feeding than high quality grass silage. Keywords: barley; barley varieties; costs; crop; fertilizer; kg-1; p<0.05; production; rate; seed; silage; triticale; varieties; variety; wheat; yield
• Response of winter oilseed rape to differentiated foliar fertilisation by Żarczyński, Piotr; Sienkiewicz, Stanisław; Wierzbowska, Jadwiga; Krzebietke, Sławomir Józef; Krzebietke, Sławomir Józef (2021) - In their experiment, the cited authors noted a considerable increase in the content of zinc, manganese and iron in roots of oilseed rape at BBCH 30 stage after sowing winter oilseed rape seeds together with a fertiliser in the form of microgranules containing macro- and micronutrients (Physiostart®). In our trials, the application of AgravitaActive caused a rise in the content of magnesium in winter oilseed rape seeds. Keywords: aa48; autumn; bbch; content; ha-1; oilseed; oilseed rape; rape; winter; yield
• Effect of the interrow width and plant density on the yielding of white lupin by Prusinski, Janusz; Prusinski, Janusz (2021) - Average 4-year plant population of white lupin plants depending on row spacing and plant density Factors Year Mean 2016 2017 2018 2019 Row spacing (RS) cm 16 67.3 63.7 63.4 65.3 64.9 32 66.3 66.7 66.8 68.1 67.0 Plant density (PD) 60 56.6 c 56.4 b 56.0 b 56.2 c 56.3 b 75 68.2 b 67.2 a 68.3 a 67.4 b 67.8 a 90 75.5 a 72.1 a 70.9 a 76.4 a 73.7 a Mean 66.8 65.2 65.1 66.3 65.9 ANOVA RS ns ns ns ns ns PD ** ** ** ** ** RS x PD ns * ns * ns Janusz Prusiński 161 The mean white lupin seed yield in 2016–2019 was 3.95 t ha-1 (Table 4). Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) for total rainfall in different months, for the entire vegetation period and seed yield white lupin Month April May June July August June–August April–August R 0.537 ns 0.019 ns 0.622 ns 0.758 ns 0.937 ns 0.930 ns 0.961 * * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ns = not significant b a c c 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 2016 2017 2018 2019 t. h a-1 b a c c 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2016 2017 2018 2019 kg .h a-1 (a) (b) Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 158–165 162 On average for the research years, the number of pods per white lupin plant was 7.03 (Table 6). Keywords: density; et al; lupin; plant; plant density; row; seed; white; years; yield
• The effect of timing and intensity of weed harrowing in triticale-lupin mixture on weeds and crops by Sobkowicz, Piotr; Tendziagolska, Ewa; Tendziagolska, Ewa (2022) - According to Coleman et al. (2019), the total energy requirements for weed harrowing are much lower than those for herbicide use or for a thermal method or mulching. Being the whole-surface method, weed harrowing is known for its low selectivity (i.e., weed control/crop dam- age relationship). Keywords: control; density; grain; harrowing; leaf; lupin; mixture; plant; research; tillering; triticale; weed; yield
• Methane production inventory between 1960–2020 in the Finnish dairy sector and the future mitigation scenarios by Huhtanen, Pekka; Astaptsev, Aleksi; Nousiainen, Juha; Huhtanen, Pekka (2022) - In comparison to current maintenance requirement of 0.515 MJ kg-1 MBW using a value of 0.60 MJ kg-1 MBW increased required DM intake 5% and increased CH4 production by about 3%. The to- tal milk and CH4 production peaked in 1965 being 3650 and 110 million kg per year and decreased to 2300 and 48 million kg per year in 2020, respectively. Keywords: ch4; cows; dairy; ecm; efficiency; feed; intensity; kg-1; methane; milk; production; yield
• Yield response of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa Capitata group) to phosphorus fertilisation in a boreal soil by Uusitalo, Risto; Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi; Uusitalo, Risto (2022) - Soil sampling and soil P analyses Soil samples, composed of 15 subsamples, were taken from the (0–20 cm) plough layer of each plot prior to the fertilisation. The used extraction reflects the readily soluble P concentration in soil and extracts about the same amount of soil P as water at 1:50 w/vol ratio (Yli-Halla 1989). Keywords: fertilisation; fertiliser; ha-1; lettuce; maximum; phosphorus; plantings; science; soil; spring; yield
• Repeated runner removal after harvest and floating row cover during fall affect carbohydrate status and yield potential of strawberry cvs. Polka and Wendy in the Northern climate by Palonen, Pauliina; Lettojärvi, Iiris; Koivisto, Anu; Raatikainen, Arja; Palonen, Pauliina (2022) - Soluble carbohydrates on the other hand are crucial for frost hardening and successful overwinter- ing of strawberry plants (Gagnon et al. 1990). Soluble carbohydrates are crucial for frost hardening and their concentration is related to the level of frost hardiness in strawberry plants (Paquin et al. 1989, Gagnon et al. 1990). Keywords: carbohydrates; cover; development; fall; flower; plants; removal; row; runner; strawberry; yield
• Various temperature effects on spikelet growth in hulless oat during grain-filling stage by Ko, Chan Seop; Lee, Joo Sun; Seo, Yong Weon; Seo, Yong Weon (2022) - The middle portions of flag leaves on the main tillers (which were tagged earlier) of the ten plants that were subjected to high temperature stress were measured in triplicates on 0, 5, 12, 16, 20, 24, 26, 29, and 33 days after treatment (DAT) at 09:00. Key words: Avena nuda, temperature stress, physiological measurement, proteome analysis, stress tolerance, grain development Introduction Oat (Avena sativa L.), a crop that grows well under poor soil and adverse environmental conditions, is primarily cultivated in countries such as Russia, Canada, and Europe (Schnitzenbaumer and Arendt 2014). Keywords: analysis; components; conditions; content; dat; development; fig; filling; grain; oat; parameters; plants; protein; seed; stage; stress; temperature; temperature conditions; temperature stress; weight; yield; ° c
• Shortened first regrowth interval of grass silage as a harvesting strategy to improve nutrient supply for dairy cows: a case study by Sairanen, Auvo; Kajava, Sari; Palmio, Annu; Rinne, Marketta; Rinne, Marketta (2023) - Different harvesting strategies and cultivar mixtures for grass silage production in Finland. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 94–103 94 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.127253 Shortened first regrowth interval of grass silage as a harvesting strategy to improve nutrient supply for dairy cows: a case study Auvo Sairanen1, Sari Kajava1, Annu Palmio1 and Marketta Rinne2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: auvo.sairanen@luke.fi Dairy cows have a highly valuable ability to convert grass into milk. Keywords: cows; exp; grass; harvest; intake; kg-1; milk; production; regrowth; silage; yield
• Yield predictions of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in Norway under future climate scenarios by Hellton, Kristoffer H.; Amdahl, Helga; Thorarinsdottir, Thordis; Alsheikh, Muath; Aamlid, Trygve; Jørgensen, Marit; Dalmannsdottir, Sigiridur; Rognli, Odd Arne; Hellton, Kristoffer H. (2023) - Several simulation or process-based models have been developed to predict timothy yield (Korhonen et al. 2018), simulating in detail the distinct phases of crop growth and development. In this study, we built a statistical prediction model for timothy yield based on agro-climatic predictors, in particular temperature and precipitation, using data available from Norwegian variety testing of timothy. Keywords: climate; data; days; dmy; gdd; july; locations; model; norway; precipitation; predictors; table; temperature; timothy; year; yield
• Long-term effects of liming on crop yield, plant diseases, soil structure and risk of phosphorus leaching by Olsson Nyström, Åsa; Blomquist, Jens; Persson, Lars; Gunnarsson, Anita; Berglund, Kerstin; Olsson Nyström, Åsa (2023) - Key words: structure lime, ground limestone, aggregate stability, phosphorus, sugar beet, soil-borne disease Introduction Liming has multiple effects on soil, influencing e.g. soil structure, plant nutrition and soil-borne diseases (Holland et al. 2018). Soil structure 1.5–2 years after liming, crop yield and plant nutrition in barley under four different fertilisation strategies in the 13 trials have been reported in an earlier paper by Gunnarsson et al. (2022). Keywords: beet; lime; liming; ns p; soil; structure; sugar; treatment; trials; yield
• Can strip cropping reduce pest activity density and damage while increasing yield? A case study of organic cabbage and faba bean by Mäkinen, Joonas; Himanen, Sari; Kivijärvi, Pirjo; Saussure, Stéphanie; Kaseva, Janne; Blande, James; Mäkinen, Joonas (2023) - In our study we used different cultivars to those used in the study by Shanmugam et al. (2022), our field design used crop strips instead of rows, and the geographical locations were different. Treatment (cabbage (CB), faba bean (FB), and strip crop (SC), year (2018 and 2019) and timepoint (T1, T2 and T3), and all their interactions were used as fixed effects. Keywords: activity; average; bean; cabbage; crop; cropping; damage; density; faba; faba bean; monocrop; pest; phyllotreta; plot; spp; strip; strip cropping; study; xylostella; yield
• The effect of relative humidity and the use of algae-based biostimulants on fruit set, yield and fruit size of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) by Tommila, Tero; Palonen, Pauliina; Tommila, Tero (2024) - There was also a sta- tistically non-significant trend towards higher fruit weight in lower RH. As for Hypothesis 4, an increase in arctic bramble fruit weight was observed when the plants were treated with Kriss in a greenhouse, and with the series of nine repeated treatments of both Kriss and Alginamin in a high tunnel. Keywords: arctic; bramble; drupelets; exp; fruit; fruit set; fruit weight; n.s; number; set; spoilage; treatments; yield
• Optimum N-rate and effect of split N fertilization timing on yield and quality in spring oat varieties by Engström, Lena; Delin, Sofia; Wetterlind, Johanna; Jonsson, Anders; Syed Rehmat Ullah, Shah; Engström, Lena (2024) - Belinda had higher yield and N yield than the other varieties. The results showed that a second application of N to oats can be performed at GS32, GS45, or GS55 without significantly affecting grain yield, but that earlier application may be more consistent in producing high yield (Table 1). Keywords: application; content; grain; ha-1; optn; protein; split; varieties; yield
• Improving a dynamic farm level model by coupling empirically estimated pre-crop values with crop rotation optimization by Rämö, Janne; Tzemi, Domna; Lehtonen, Heikki; Palosuo, Taru; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Rämö, Janne (2024) - Parameters of the input use effects on crop yields are based on empirical estimations. Ac- counting for the effects of crop rotation on crop yields, simultaneously with input use effects, is an important economic issue at the farm level. Keywords: barley; constraints; crop; effects; et al; farm; land; lehtonen; model; pre; purola; rotation; use; values; wheat; yield
• Yield and protein composition in seeds of four buckwheat (Fagopyrum sp.) cultivars cropped in Sweden by Knicky, Martin; Zamaratskaia, Galia; Fogelberg, Fredrik; Knicky, Martin (2024) - One-way ANOVA was used to estimate the differences between the cultivars of common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat. Cultivations parameters of four cultivars of common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat in 2021–2022 Parameter Year Tartary Buckwheat LSD** Smuga Panda Kora Darja* Germination, % 2021 97.5 98.8 97.5 97.5 96.3 6.3 2022 93.8 100 100 100 2.0 Plants m-2 2021 192.8 187.5 186.8 188.5 192.8 10.6 2022 192.8 206.5 208.5 203.8 14.2 Days from sowing to seed maturity 2021 110b 104d 108c 93e 151a 1.33 2022 133a 129c 131b 127d 1.0 Moisture, % 2021 30.2a 28.6a 29.6a 29.4a 42.1b 2.0 2022 32.7a Keywords: buckwheat; cultivars; et al; food; ha-1; protein; seeds; sweden; tartary; yield
• Impact of genotype-environment interactions on wheat yield and quality: Evidence from multilocation trials by Derejko, Adriana; Studnicki, Marcin; Wójcik-Gront, Elzbieta; DEREJKO, ADRIANA (2025) - Genotype × environment interaction and genetic gain for grain yield and grain quality traits in Turkish spring wheat released between 1964 and 2010. Analysis of ge- netic control and QTL mapping of essential wheat grain quality traits in a recombinant inbred population. Keywords: content; cultivars; environment; food; genotype; gpc; grain; protein; quality; science; wheat; yield
• Modelling effects of different milk production intensities on methane production and nitrogen excretion when targeted amounts of milk and beef are produced by Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Katariina, Manni; Huhtanen, Pekka; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi (2025) - It should also be noted that the effects of forage-based systems on the soil C stock are more permanent than the effects of increased milk production on CH4 that is biogenic recyclable C (Liu et al. 2021). Environmental life cycle assessment of Finnish beef - cradle-to-farm gate analysis of dairy and beef breed beef production. Keywords: beef; beef production; ch4; ch4 production; cows; dairy; emissions; milk; milk production; production; total; year-1; yield
• Timing and intensity of weed harrowing in spring barley by Sobkowicz, Piotr; Tendziagolska, Ewa; Cwanek, Grzegorz; Dróżdż, Bartłomiej; Gisman, Joanna; Hawryluk, Aneta; Sobkowicz, Piotr (2025) - Key words: mechanical weed control, spring-tine harrow, seeding rate, herbicide application, weed density, barley density Introduction There is a growing need for replacing the chemical method of weed control with more environmentally friendly alternatives that can be used by farmers. The advantage of chemical weeding over weed harrowing does not always translates into an increase in crop yield, in particular when weed density is low and their competition with the crop is not intense (Garcia-Martin et al. 2007, Pardo et al. 2008, Lacroix at al. 2025). Keywords: barley; control; crop; density; et al; grain; harrow; leaf; plants; soil; spring; stage; weed; yield
• Impacts of climate change on agricultural yield and the economic feasibility of adaptation in Sweden by Elofsson , Katarina; Gebru, Bahre; Andersson, Hans; Elofsson , Katarina (2025) - For spring wheat, oats, and spring barley, there is a significant negative linear relation- ship between second growing season precipitation and yield, while the quadratic term is insignificant, see columns 3, 5, and 7. We acknowledge that the impact of precipitation on crop yield varies across crops and throughout the early and main growing seasons as well as the harvest season. Keywords: agriculture; change; climate; county; crop; data; effects; irrigation; mean; precipitation; season; spring; swedish; weather; wheat; winter; yes; yield
• Testing the use of an analytical and mechanistic C3 - biomass accumulation model for precision fertilization by Hakojärvi, Mikko; Hautala, Mikko; Alakukku, Laura (2014) - The amount of water available for crop growth is calculated from crop root growth, soil properties and rainfall (Hautala and Hakojärvi 2011). Firstly, the models do not sufficiently consider spatial processes (Sadler et al. 2000). Keywords: area; basso; basso et; biomass; conditions; crop; crop growth; et al; experiment; fig; growth; hakojärvi; leaf; model; nitrogen; precipitation; radiation; soil; table; values; water; yield
• Crop yields and supply of nitrogen compared in conventional and organic farming systems by Alaru, Maarika; Talgre, Liina; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Tein, Berit; Luik, Anne; Nemvalts, Anu; Loit, Evelin (2014) - The organic fertiliser with faster mineralisation rate and splitting the application of organic N during crop cycle period would be more appropriate to supply sufficient quantities of N during rapid plant growth and to obtain higher crop yields in organic farming systems. To increase the crops DM yield in organic treatments, the organic fertiliser with faster mineralisation rate and split- ting the application of organic N in crop cycle period would be more appropriate to supply sufficient quantities of N during rapid plant growth. Keywords: crop; cycle; manure; period; soil; treatments; winter; yield
• Effects of different paper mulches on soil temperature and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the temperate zone by Haapala, Tapani; Palonen, Pauliina; Tamminen, Antti; Ahokas, Jukka (2015) - The aim of our study carried out in southern Finland was to examine the effects of different paper mulches on the yield of cucumber, the soil temperature, and weed emergence, and to assess whether paper mulches could substitute biodegradable film mulch in cucumber production. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Haapala et al. (2015) 24: 52–58 52 Effects of different paper mulches on soil temperature and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the temperate zone Tapani Haapala, Pauliina Palonen, Antti Tamminen and Jukka Ahokas Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 62, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland e-mail: tapani.haapala@helsinki.fi The effect of different paper mulches and two different biodegradable plastic mulches on the yield of field-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was examined. Keywords: black; cucumber; film; kraft; mulches; paper; soil; temperature; yield
• Effect of mulching systems on fruit quality and phytochemical composition of newly developed strawberry lines by Fan, Li; Roux, Valentine; Dubé, Claudine; Charlebois, Dennis; Tao, Shutian; Khanizadeh, Shahrokh (2012) - A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E L. Fan et al. (2012) 21: 132-140 133 These benefits have stimulated research on the phenolic composition and total antioxidant capacity of strawberry fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PM and PMRC, versus the conventional MRS, on total yield, yield per plant, average fruit weight, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), firmness and AC measured as ORAC, in selected strawberry fruits, at different harvest times during the growing season. Keywords: et al; fruit; pmrc; strawberry; systems; yield
• The effect of rootstock on apple tree bearing stability in a cooler climate by Kviklys, Darius; Čeidaitė, Alina; Lanauskas, Juozas; Uselis, Nobertas; Samuolienė, Giedrė (2016) - On the average of both cultivars according to tree growth control, apple rootstocks are divided into the follow- ing groups: super-dwarfing – PB.4, P 61, P 59, P 22 and Pure 1, dwarfing – M.9, B.396, P 62, P 66 and P 67, and Breeding of apple rootstocks in Po- land – the latest results. Keywords: abi; apple; average; bearing; rootstocks; yield
• Effects of band placement and nitrogen rate on dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen uptake of cabbage, carrot and onion by SALO, T. (1999) - High N rates often resulted in high N concentrations and N uptakes, but growth was not necessarily increased. Towards harvest differences between application methods de- creased, although in 1993, placement of N still led to 6% lower cabbage yields than broadcasting of N. In 1993, high N rates increased cabbage dry weight and N uptake towards harvest, and this effect was more pronounced when N was broadcast. Keywords: application; band; broadcast; c e; c u; cabbage; carrot; concentration; crop; dap; e n; fertilizer; g r; growth; harvest; kg ha-1; l t; matter; mean; method; n =; n c; n d; n rate; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizer; onion; placement; plant; planting; rates; roots; sampling; soil; table; treatments; u l; uptake; yield
• The effect of incorporation time of different crops on the residual effect on spring cereals by KÄNKÄNEN, H.; KANGAS, A.; MELA, T. (1999) - Grain yields pre- sented below are calculated as the means over N fertilization levels, because N fertilization nor- mally increased the grain yield in spite of other treatments. Statistical significances of the main effects of the treatments and their interactions on grain yield of 1st year test crop (spring barley) and 2nd year test crop (oats). Keywords: autumn; crop; effect; grain; grain yield; incorporation; n c; n d; ploughing; precrop; spring; test; year; yield
• Effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on yield and composition of Emmental cheese by IKONEN, T.; RUOTTINEN, O.; SYVÄOJA, E.-L. (1999) - Effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on yield and composition of Emmental cheese Tiina Ikonen, Outi Ruottinen Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: tiina.ikonen@helsinki.fi Eeva-Liisa Syväoja, Kimmo Saarinen Valio Ltd., Research and Development, PO Box 10, FIN-00039 Valio, Finland Eero Pahkala Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Food Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Matti Ojala Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland The effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on cheese yield, and on composition of cheese and cheese whey was estimated using milks that were collected from two herd groups each consisting of 4 herds. The herd groups differed from one another in milk coagulation properties. Keywords: cheese; coagulation; content; group; herds; milk; n d; properties; yield
• Responses of yield and N use of spring sown crops to N fertilization, with special reference to the use of plant growth regulators by PIETOLA, L.; TANNI, R.; ELONEN, P. (1999) - PGR use showed negative response to N yields (3 to 12 kg ha-1) at N rates of 30–120 kg ha-1 in 1995, with the grain yield decrease. PGR use increased N yields only at the N rate of 120 kg ha-1, in 1994 (i.e., 3 kg ha-1 ) Keywords: c e; c u; e n; fertilization; ha-1; n c; n d; pgr+; rates; u l; yield
• Bast fibre content, fibre yield and fibre quality of different linseed genotypes by SANKARI, H. (2000) - At the moment, only a limited amount of in- formation is available concerning the physical properties and processing of linseed fibres (Rei- jonen 1998). Use of linseed fibre is being considered for several products, but as yet our knowledge of the physical properties of linseed fibre is inade- quate. Keywords: bast; bor; content; fibre; flax; genotypes; helmi; linseed; stem; yield
• Timing of primary growth harvest affects the yield and nutritive value of timothy-red clover mixtures by RINNE, M.; NYKÄNEN, A. (2000) - Timing of primary growth harvest affects the yield and nutritive value of timothy-red clover mixtures Marketta Rinne Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: marketta.rinne@mtt.fi Arja Nykänen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Resource Management Research, FIN-51900 Juva, Finland, e-mail: arja.nykanen@mtt.fi The effects of partition of growth time between primary growth and regrowth of perennial organically grown mixed (mainly timothy and red clover) leys were studied over two years in Juva, Finland. If the aim of forage production is to produce feed for intensive animal production, primary growths should be harvested early, because the poor qual- ity of primary growth influenced the quality of forage harvested across both growth periods. Keywords: clover; e n; growth; n c; n d; production; red; timothy; yield
• Seed production characters and germination performance of reed canary grass in Finland by SAHRAMAA, M.; HÖMMÖ, L. (2000) - In an additional experiment, the effect of storage temperature and storage time on seed germination were investigated for ‘Venture’. I N L A N D Vol. 9 (2000): 239–251. high thousand seed weight (0.93–1.04 g) and seed germination (74–91%). Keywords: canary; e n; germination; grass; n c; n d; production; reed; seed; yield
• Yield trends of temperate cereals in high latitude countries from 1940 to 1998 by SLAFER, G. A.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. (2001) - Yield gains in absolute and relative terms were calculated for comparison among countries and cereals. Wheat also showed a bilinear trend with only limited yield gains until the 1960s, followed by a more than 3-fold increase in rate of yield gain from then on (16 and 40 kg ha–1 y–1, respectively). Keywords: cereals; e n; gains; n c; n d; slafer; trends; wheat; yield
• Maize and winter wheat production with different soil tillage systems on silty loam by KOSUTIC, S.; FILIPOVIC, D.; GOSPODARIC, Z. (2001) - Soil tillage systems in maize and winter wheat production sity of the soil engagement and inversion of the soil with a mouldboard plough as characteristic implement. Soil tillage systems in maize and winter wheat production form for whole experimental field in both ex- perimental years. Keywords: ha–1; maize; n d; soil; system; tillage; wheat; winter; yield
• Chlormequat chloride and ethephon affect growth and yield formation of conventional, naked and dwarf oat by PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; RAJALA, A. (2001) - Increased grain yield attributable to CCC application resulted from more panicles per square meter and higher contribution of tillers to grain yield. No lodging occurred and the recorded increase in grain yield of CCC treated plants was not therefore due to prevention of lodging. Keywords: c c; ccc; grain; growth; n c; n d; oat; peltonen; plant; yield
• Simulation of spring wheat responses to elevated CO2 and temperature by using CERES-wheat crop model by LAURILA, H. (2001) - CO 2 = CO 2 concentration (ppm), D TEMP = temperature change (°C), SOW = earlier sowing (d) before reference sowing date (15 May), O YIELD = observed mean grain yield (t ha–1), PO YIELD = observed grain yield change (%) from the observed mean reference, S YIELD = simulated grain yield estimate (t ha–1), PS YIELD = simulated grain yield change (%) from the simulated mean reference, D YIELD = difference between observed and simulated yield (t ha–1), D DIF = simulated grain yield difference (%) from the observed, SE = standard error of the mean (1992–1994). CO 2 = CO 2 concentration (ppm), D TEMP = temperature change (°C), SE = standard error of the mean in observed and simulated values (1992–1994), O YIELD = grain yield change (%) from the observed mean reference (350 ppm/0°C), SP YIELD = grain yield change (%) from the simulated mean reference (potential), DP YIELD = difference (t ha–1) between observed and simulated grain yield (potential), PP YIELD = simulated grain yield difference (%) from the observed (potential), SN YIELD = grain yield change (%) from the simulated mean reference (non-potential), DN YIELD = difference (t ha–1) between observed and simulated grain yield (non-potential), NP YIELD = simulated grain yield difference (%) from the observed (non-potential). Keywords: ambient; conditions; grain; grain yield; ha–1; mean; model; n c; n d; potential; sowing; temperature; wheat; yield
• Effect of annually repeated undersowing on cereal grain yields by KÄNKÄNEN, H.; ERIKSSON, C.; RÄKKÖLÄINEN, M. (2001) - The residual effect of undersowing wester- wold ryegrass on crop yields was negligible in both successive years. Effect of annually repeated undersowing on cereal grain yields Hannu Känkänen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: hannu.kankanen@mtt.fi Christian Eriksson MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Data and Information Services, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Mauri Räkköläinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Laukaa Research and Elite Plant Station, FIN-41330 Vihtavuori, Finland Martti Vuorinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Häme Research Station, FIN-36600 Pälkäne, Finland Cover crops can be used to reduce leaching and erosion, introduce variability into crop rotation and fix nitrogen (N) for use by the main crops. Keywords: cereal; clover; crop; effect; grain; ha–1; n d; red; ryegrass; soil; undersowing; yield
• Estimated metabolizable energy yields of perennial and annual grass swards compared with those of spring barley and oat by NIEMELÄINEN, O.; KONTTURI, M.; JAUHIAINEN, L. (2001) - This difference, which inflates cereal yields by 9% in comparison with grass yields, is based on the observation that grasses can com- pletely utilize the 0.25 m space between plots while the erect cereals can only partially utilize the space. Perennial grass sward was the most productive of the studied crops in metabolizable energy production for ruminants. Keywords: barley; feed; grain; grass; mey; n d; oat; production; silage; study; wccs; yield
• Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper by SAIJONKARI-PAHKALA, K. (2001) - Non-wood plant fibres can be divided into several groups depending on the location of the fibres in the plant. Non-wood plant fibres, will there be a comeback in paper-making? Keywords: application; application rate; biomass; c e; c u; canary grass; clay; content; crop; crude; d vol; dm content; dm yield; e n; effect; et al; fertilizer; fertilizer application; fescue; fibre; fibre content; g r; grass pulp; ha-1; harvest; harvest timing; jokioinen; june; l t; leaf; material; matter; means; mineral; mineral content; n c; n d; n rate; number; pahkala; paper; plant; plant material; production; proportion; pulp; pulp yield; pulping; reed canary; row; seed; soil; spacing; species; spring; spring harvest; stems; table; u l; wood; year; yield
• Efficiency of split nitrogen fertilization with adjusted irrigation on potato by KUISMA, P. (2002) - I N L A N D Vol. 11 (2002): 59–74. dle of bed on plots of nitrogen fertilization 80 kg ha–1. The effects of nitrogen fertilization varied during the growing period and were dependent on year and variety. Keywords: e n; fertilization; ha–1; irrigation; n c; n d; nitrogen; planting; potato; split; tuber; yield
• Yield formation of spring rye at high latitudes with reference to seeding rate and plant growth regulation by PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; RAJALA, A.; MUURINEN, S. (2002) - CCC increased grain yield by about 200 kg ha-1compared with the control. Thus, grain yield was maximum (ca. 5200 kg ha-1 in 1997) when rainfall was minimum. Keywords: ccc; grain; head; n d; rate; rye; seeding; shoot; spring; table; yield
• Timing applications of growth regulators to alter spring cereal development at high latitudes by RAJALA, A.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. (2002) - Grain Head weight Grain number SGW yield Main head Tiller head Main head Tiller head DF P P P P P P SR 3 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.003 PGR 2 0.004 0.27 0.06 0.33 0.19 < 0.001 TRIAL 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 SR × PGR 6 0.59 0.58 0.92 0.47 0.90 0.84 SR × TRIAL 3 0.46 0.01 0.11 0.07 0.09 0.86 PGR × TRIAL 2 0.73 0.86 0.17 0.99 0.29 0.42 SR × PGR × TRIAL 6 0.84 0.46 0.12 0.73 0.30 0.12 SR, seeding rate; PGR, plant growth regulator treatment In exp 1, three sub-experiments, one for each species, were ar- ranged in completely randomised split-plot de- signs, for which the cultivars were the main plots and PGR treatments were split across them. Keywords: barley; ccc; grain; growth; head; n d; oat; pgr; plant; tiller; weight; wheat; yield
• Effects of traffic and fertilization levels on grass yields in northern Norway by VOLDEN, B.; SVEISTRUP, T.; JØRGENSEN, M. (2002) - Soil compaction and drainage systems of peat soils in northern Norway. Ås, Norway Experiments with various traffic regimes in grassland (no traffic, light and medium tractor with two mechanisation lines; forage harvester and two-step harvesting) and three fertilization levels (N 120, 180, 240 kg ha–1) were carried out in five fields on sandy soils and peat soils in Bodø, northern Norway. Keywords: compaction; ha–1; n c; n d; peat; soils; tractor; traffic; yield
• Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds in response to foliar application of boron by Jankowski, Krzysztof Józef; Sokólski, Mateusz; Dubis, Bogdan; Krzebietke, Sławomir; Żarczyński, Piotr; Hulanicki, Paweł; Hulanicki, Piotr Stanisław (2016) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE K. Jankowski et al. (2016) 25: 164–176 164 Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds in response to foliar application of boron Krzysztof J. Jankowski1, Mateusz Sokólski1, Bogdan Dubis1, Sławomir Krzebietke2, Piotr Żarczyński2, Paweł Hulanicki1, Piotr S. Hulanicki3, 1Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Production Management and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland 2Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland 3Kazgod Ltd, Wierzbowa 7, 05-870 Błonie, Poland email: krzysztof.jankowski@uwm.edu.pl This paper presents the results of a 3-year field experiment conducted on soil with moderate levels of boron (B) in north-eastern Poland to determine the influence of foliar application of B (0, 150 and 300 g ha-1) on the yield components, yield, mineral composition, nutritional value and feed value of winter oilseed rape seeds. The observed increase in the yield of winter oilseed rape seeds in response to foliar application of B can be attributed to this micronutrient’s positive influence on seed production in siliques. Keywords: application; boron; content; et al; fertilization; foliar; ha-1; oilseed; oilseed rape; rape; seeds; winter; winter oilseed; yield
• Yield potential of chive: Effects of cultivar, plastic mulch and fertilisation by SUOJALA, T. (2003) - Some hybrid cultivars have been bred which have higher plants, larger leaves and higher yield than open- pollinated cultivars (Tatlioglu and Wricke 1980). Otherwise, the double nitrogen dose increased yield in all harvests in the second and third years, and NPK fertiliser produced higher yield than nitrogen alone in the fourth harvest in 2001 and in the third and fourth harvests in 2002. Keywords: e n; n c; n d; yield
• Effect of liming on yield and quality of peppermint and Sachalin mint in fine sand soil of Northern Finland by AFLATUNI, A.; UUSITALO, J.; EK, S. (2003) - Soil pH profoundly affects the growth and nutrient uptake by crops. Matusiewicz (1972) studied pep- permint of the Mitcham variety for three years in five combinations of soil pH, ranging from 4.7 to 6.9. Keywords: e n; liming; mint; n c; n d; soil; yield
• Evaluation of reed canary grass for different end-uses and in breeding by SAHRAMAA, M. (2003) - A few populations had both high seed pro- duction and high non-food indices. Populations with high seed production index and high forage in- dex were local populations RH13 (Lemu), RH27 (Tammela), RH47 (Jalasjärvi) and RH87 (Vöyri), breeding line Jo0510 and cultivars Motterwitzer and Pervenets. Keywords: biomass; breeding; food; forage; n d; populations; production; r h; seed; yield
• Yield formation and quality characteristics of early potatoes during a short growing period by MUSTONEN, L. (2004) - At fi rst early harvest dry matter content of tubers was very low (13.8–17.2%) and the high ni- trogen application produced the lowest dry matter content (13.8%) in cultivar Timo (Table 5). Accumulated day-degrees as a measure of physiological age and the relationships with growth and yield in early potato cultivars. Keywords: application; content; cultivar; harvest; matter; nitrate; nitrogen; potato; timo; tubers; yield
• Impact dehulling oat grain to improve quality of on-farm produced feed : 1.Hullability and associated changes in nutritive value and energy content by PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; KONTTURI, M.; RAJALA, A. (2004) - Impact dehulling proved to be a potentially useful method to increase ener- gy content of oat grains on-farm. For these reasons, high hull content of oat grain is the major determinant of decreas- ing nutritional quality, which is important if oat is used for feed. Keywords: content; dehulling; energy; grain; groat; hulls; impact; moisture; oat; rotation; yield
• Alterations in growth and canopy architecture among dwarf, semidwarf and tall oat lines grown under northern conditions by MÄKELÄ, P.; MUURINEN, S.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. (2004) - Miralles and Slafer (1997) studied light interception at pre- and post-anthesis and noted that D lines have more persistent RUE at post-anthesis, which was attributed to high sink demand generated by high grain number. Yield components, leaf characteristics and straw traits were measured from six oat lines (D lines Pal and Grane, SD lines Hja 76416 and Salo, and T lines Veli and Jalostettu maatiainen) separately on the main shoot and tillers. Keywords: anthesis; grain; leaf; lines; number; oat; plant; tillers; weight; yield
• Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands by RAJALA, A. (2004) - Plant growth regu- lator effects on spring cereal root and shoot growth. Key words: Avena sativa L., oat, plant growth regulator, plant stand structure, yield potential Introduction Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used in high- input cereal management to shorten the stem and thereby reduce lodging susceptibility. Keywords: barley; ccc; elongation; et al; grain; growth; journal; oat; peltonen; pgr; plant; rajala; sainio; stem; wheat; yield
• Forward hedging under price and production risk of wheat by LIU, X.; PIETOLA, K. (2005) - 22835_01_Liu.indd 126 12.10.2005 14:08:43 127 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 14 (2005): 123–133. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 €/tonne actual price intervention price s s s s s s s Fig. Hedging price risk in the presence of crop yield and revenue insurance. Keywords: correlation; forward; harvest; hedge; hedging; model; price; risk; wheat; yield
• Spring barley yield and nitrogen recovery after application of peat manure and pig slurry by MATTILA, P. K. (2006) - However, both slurry and peat manure should be incorporated to improve and ensure the utilization of manure N. Soil mois‑ ture deficit in spring and early summer limited the availability of manure N and lowered barley yield and its quality. Post‑ ponement of manure application until spring may raise the utilization of manure N by crops several times higher (Kemppainen 1989) and prevents leaching losses of manure N that may occur in winter and during snowmelt (Kemppainen 1995, Turtola and Kemppainen 1998). Keywords: application; barley; fertilizer; inc; inorganic; irrigation; manure; peat; peat manure; recovery; slurry; soil; surface; yield
• Effect of biological sprays on the incidence of grey mould, fruit yield and fruit quality in organic strawberry production by PROKKOLA, S.; KIVIJÄRVI, P. (2007) - ** *** *** NS NS NS Treatmet x year NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS a-b Means within the same column and year or treatment not sharing a common letter differ significantly (Tukey, P = 0.05) 2.3 3.2 2.2 ab 7.0 8.7 Garlic extract 498 385 13.5 2.6 3.5 1.3 b 6.3 8.9 F-test Treatment NS NS NS NS NS * NS NS Location * ** ** NS NS *** NS * Treatment x location NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Table 1. Keywords: berries; compost; control; experiment; extract; grey; incidence; mould; plant; strawberry; treatments; yield
• Effect of NPK fertilization and elemental sulphur on growth and yield of lowbush blueberry by STARAST, M.; KARP, K.; VOOL, E. (2007) - In order to find the solution to the previously discussed problem, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of elemental sulphur and acidi- fying NPK fertilizers on blueberry plants grown in former arable land with a pH initially too high pH for blueberry. Plant yield and growth The first significant yield was picked on 10 Aug 2003, when the yields per blueberry plant and fruit weight were determined. Keywords: blueberry; content; control; kärla; n s; npk; plant; soil; vasula; yield
• Effect of cropping system and peat amendment on strawberry growth and yield by VESTBERG, M.; KUKKONEN, S.; KURU, H. (2008) - The cropping system affected total fruit yield significantly, but peat amendment did not (Table 3). The peat amendment, but not the cropping system, decreased the percentage of strawberry plants suffering from or killed by winter damage. Keywords: c e; c u; cropping; e n; n c; n d; n s; s f; strawberry; system; u l; yield
• Spring Cereals: From Dynamic Ideotypes to Cultivars in Northern Latitudes by MÄKELÄ, P.; MUURINEN, S.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. (2008) - On the other hand, Slafer and Savin (1994) demonstrated a sink limitation of wheat yield. Genetic progress in wheat yield and nitro- gen use efficiency under four nitrogen rates. Keywords: barley; c e; c u; cereals; crop; cultivars; e n; efficiency; et al; grain; growth; journal; n c; n d; nitrogen; plant; science; spring; u l; use; water; wheat; yield
• The potential of biochar for reducing the negative effects of soil contamination on the phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain by Różyło, Krzysztof; Świeca, Michał; Gawlik-Dziki, Urszula; Stefaniuk, Magdalena; Oleszczuk, Patryk (2017) - Chemical properties of control soil (podzolic soil-PS), sewage sludge (SL) and biochar (BC) used in the experiment (mean, ± SD, n = 3) Parameters and elements PS SL BC dry matter (%) – 55 90 pH (in 1M KCl) Challenges coming from enhanced recycling and efforts to increase agricultural productivity result in attempts to use various mineral and organic wastes to fertilize plants and to improve soil properties. Keywords: antioxidant; application; biochar; content; control; et al; food; grain; ha−1; metals; science; sl+5%bc; soil; total; wheat; yield
• Winter triticale yield formation and quality affected by N rate, timing and splitting by Alaru, Maarika; Laur, Ülle; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Reintam, Endla; Selge, Are; Noormets, Merrit (2009) - = , NX N regime Plant height (cm) Number of ear-bearing tillers per plant N+0* 107 ± 2.8a** 2.6 ± 0.09a N+N 105 ± 3.0a 2.3 ± 0.10b 0+N 99 ± 3.2b 2.0 ± 0.11c *N+0 – all N applied at BBCH28–30 N+N – half of total N amount applied at BBCH28–30 and the other half at BBCH47 0+N – all N applied at BBCH47 Plant height and number of ear-bearing tillers per plant affected by N regime from descriptive statis- tics (± S.E.) Keywords: application; c e; c u; e n; grain; n c; n d; triticale; u l; winter; yield
• Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions by Nissinen, Oiva; Kalliainen, Pekka; Jauhiainen, Lauri (2010) - Key-words: Phleum pratense, timothy, dry matter yield, leaf to stem ratio, organic matter digestibility, crude protein content A G R As regards dry matter yield, the decline in organic matter digestibility was from 80% at the early pasture stage to 63% at the late silage stage. Keywords: c e; c u; digestibility; e n; growth; l t; matter; n c; n d; stage; timothy; u l; yield
• Cultivar improvement and environmental variability in yield removed nitrogen of spring cereals and rapeseed in northern growing conditions according to a long-term dataset by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri (2010) - Also frequencies (in right-hand side) for each of the four groups having regular intervals between minimum and maximum N yield (shown with dash lines) are indicated as well as mean N yields above an arrow for early (1988–1998) and late study years (1999–2008). Genetic im- provement of spring barley cultivars grown in eastern Canada from 1910 to 1988. Keywords: barley; c e; c u; crop; ha-1; n c; nitrogen; rape; yield; yrn
• Meat bone meal as fertiliser for barley and oat by Chen, Lin; Kivelä, Jukka; Helenius, Juha; Kangas, Arjo (2011) - Salomonsson et al. (1994, 1995) studied the impact of MBM fertiliser on the grain protein content in spring and winter wheat and found N availability in MBM to be similar to that in urea. Therefore MBM fertilisation should be fitted for crop rotation and for meeting environmental requirements. Keywords: barley; fertilisation; fertiliser; mbm; oat; yield
• Seed quality effects on seedling emergence, plant stand establishment and grain yield in two-row barley by Rajala, Ari; Niskanen, Markku; Isolahti, Mika; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo (2011) - Seed lot effect on grain yield (kg ha-1), protein concentration (%), hecto liter weight (HLW, kg) and single grain weight (SGW, mg). Seed lots of CCS and FSS>2.7 mm + dis enhanced seedling emergence rate and increased the number of plants compared with other treatments. Keywords: fss>2.7; grain; seed; yield
• Predicting the yield of spring wheat by weather indices in Finland: implications for designing weather index insurances by Pietola, Kyösti; Myyrä, Sami; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo (2011) - This way we allow for asymmetry in marginal yield effects with respect to the values of 37 the weather measures. This way we allow for asymmetry in marginal yield effects with respect to the values of 37 the weather measures. Keywords: c e; c u; e n; gdd; l t; n c; n d; rainfall; t t; weather; yield; yield effect
• Effects of HPS and LED lighting on cucumber leaf photosynthesis, light quality penetration and temperature in the canopy, plant morphology and yield by Särkkä, Liisa Elina; Jokinen, Kari; Ottosen, Carl-Otto; Kaukoranta, Timo (2017) - Light production efficien- cy is better in LED than for HPS lights (µmol PAR J-1 electricity) and their efficiency is increasing in contrast to HPS units (Ouzonis et al. 2015c, Pattison et al. 2016). Heat output relative to light output is higher in HPS than in LED lights and while HPS lights strongly radiate heat downward, most LED armatures lose convective heat upwards even though the light is focused on the plants. Keywords: cucumber; efficiency; fruit; hps; interlight; leaf; leaves; light; lighting; red; treatments; yield
• Characterizing an outperforming pea cultivar for intercropping with oat at high latitudes by Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Kontturi, Markku; Laine, Antti; Niskanen, Markku; Hurme, Timo; Jauhiainen, Lauri (2017) - Grain yield of intercropped pea cultivar Karita associated negatively with LERyield (Fig. 4). The higher the GNO per square meter for intercropped pea cultivars Hulda and Karita, while again the lower the GNO for oat intercropped with Hulda pea, the lower was the LERyield (Fig. 5). Keywords: agricultural; cultivar; hulda; intercrops; leryield; oat; pea; peltonen; perttu; sainio; yield
• Phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain after three years’ fertilization with biogas digestate and mineral waste by Różyło, Krzysztof; Świeca, Michał; Gawlik-Dziki, Urszula; Kwiecińska-Poppe, Ewa; Andruszczak, Sylwia; Kraska, Piotr (2017) - In the third year, the fertilization with MS+BD resulted in a non-significant decrease in wheat grain yield compared to NPK. Due to the required homogenization time of waste with soil, the soil samples for the measurement of heavy metal content were collected in spring (2014 and 2016) Keywords: antioxidant; content; et al; fertilization; grain; ha-1; ms+bd; npk; soil; total; waste; wheat; yield
• A modified delta yield approach for estimation of economic optimal nitrogen rate (EONR) for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by Piikki, Kristin; Stenberg, Bo (2017) - For reference, the range of reported errors in earlier studies was added to the plot; e.g. Øvergaard et al. (2013) reported a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1560 kg ha-1 for wheat yield predictions based on hyperspectral measurements in field trials in Norway, while Engström and Piikki (2016) reported an MAE of 1100–1600 kg ha-1 for predictions based on a handheld hyperspectral sensor in Sweden. Moreover, ∆Y experiments can potentially be used for in-season EONR estimation, in which case the accuracy of the EONR predictions depends also on the uncertainty in yield predictions made at the time of supplementary fertilisation. Keywords: barley; data; eonr; fertilisation; ha-1; models; prediction; rate; trials; wheat; yield
• Functional divergence effects of intercropped faba bean and maize in organic production for forage increase mineral contents and reduces leaf spots by Stoltz, Eva; Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte; Nadeau, Elisabet (2018) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Stoltz et al. (2018) 27: 110–123 110 Functional divergence effects of intercropped faba bean and maize in organic production for forage increase mineral contents and reduces leaf spots Eva Stoltz1, Ann-Charlotte Wallenhammar1 and Elisabet Nadeau2, 3 1Research & Development, Rural Economy and Agricultural Society|HS Konsult AB, Box 271, 701 45 Örebro, Sweden 2Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, 53223 Skara, Sweden 3Research & Development, Rural Economy and Agricultural Society Sjuhärad, Rådde Gård, Box 5007, 514 05 Länghem, Sweden e-mail: eva.stoltz@hush.se Multispecies cropping systems contribute to sustainable agriculture with multiple ecosystem services. The mineral nutrient LER of intercropped faba bean and maize together with their total LER are shown in Table 9. Keywords: bean; concentrations; faba; faba bean; intercropping; maize; mineral; nutrients; yield
• Yield responses to P fertilisation of onion (Allium cepa L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group L.) in Finland by Uusitalo, Risto; Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi; Kivijärvi, Pirjo; Hurme, Timo (2018) - Critical soil test P concentra- tions for vegetables should be established to avoid unnecessary build-up of soil P that may be uneconomical and elevate the risk for P losses to waterways. Different STP methods may give very dissimi- lar results and correlate poorly with each other (Neyroud & Lischer 2003), especially when comparing a method that extracts a small fraction of soil P (P intensity-responsive methods, such as water-extractable P or the Finnish PAc method) to one that uses more aggressive extractants (e.g. P quantity-responsive ammonium lactate used in Norway and Sweden). Keywords: applications; cabbage; ha-1; mikkeli; onion; piikkiö; responses; soil; stp; yield
• Developing a genetic evaluation system for milk traits in Russian black and white dairy cattle by Kudinov, Andrei A.; Juga, Jarmo; Mäntysaari, Esa A.; Strandén, Ismo; Saksa, Ekaterina I.; Smaragdov, Michael G.; Uimari, Pekka (2018) - The small observed over estimation of milk yield trend in the FLM model and no difference with fat and protein yield trends in comparison to the MLM model can be caused by model and data limitations. Repeatabili- ties were 0.34 for milk yield and 0.31 for both fat and protein yields. Keywords: breeding; cows; data; fat; lactation; milk; protein; records; yield
• Effective natural handicap criteria application for productive and sustainable agricultural land-use management in Lithuania by Jarasiunas, Gintaras; Corbelle-Rico, Eduardo J.; Kanianska, Radoslava (2018) - al. (2018) 27: 206–216 208 Five of the eight possible biophysical criteria for the delimitation of areas facing natural constraints included in Annex III of EC Regulation 1305/2013 have been selected by Lithuanian authorities for the definition of the non- mountainous areas with natural constraints for the new Rural Development period (Art 33.3 of the proposed regulation on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) 2014–2020, COM(2011) 627 final/3): temperature, soil texture, soil drainage, chemical properties (soil acidity) and terrain-slope; the three non-selected criteria being dryness, excess soil moisture, and shallow rooting depth. Land productivity in Lithuania is determined by the systematic units of soil typological groups, soil texture, condition of soil reclamation, agrochemical prop- erties (pH value, content of phosphorus and potassium), soil stoniness, soil cover diversity and agro-climatic con- ditions. Keywords: areas; criteria; drainage; et al; farm; land; lfas; lithuania; region; science; soil; texture; variables; yield
• Fertilizer and intercropped legumes as nitrogen source for Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tops for bioenergy by Epie, Kenedy E.; Santanen, Arja; Mäkelä, Pirjo S.A.; Stoddard, Frederick (2018) - In both experiments, Jerusalem artichoke crop yields were highly variable between replicates as well as between treatments, in line with previous studies (Denoroy 1996). Clone precocity and the use of Helianthus tuberosus L. stems for bioethanol. Keywords: artichoke; biomass; crop; energy; fertilizer; ha-1; helianthus; jerusalem; jerusalem artichoke; legumes; yield
• Cultivating forage maize for biomass and bioenergy in a sub-boreal climate by Epie, Kenedy E; Artigas, Olga M.; Santanen, Arja; Mäkelä, Pirjo S.A.; Stoddard, Frederick L. (2018) - The cultivar differ- ence in whole plant biomass yield was significant only in the late harvest, perhaps indicating that the sensitivity of cultivars to loss of biomass due to late-season chilling differed. Future research to test the survivability of a wide range of maize cultivars in high latitudes should be encouraged as this study was limited to only eight cultivars. Keywords: ash; bioenergy; biomass; composition; content; crop; cultivars; harvest; lignin; maize; plant; production; soil; stalk; yield
• Abstracts of papers concerning horticulture, plant pathology and pest investigations of annual meeting of the agricultural research centre in 1958 by Editor, Editor (1958) - The substances used in control experiments were the same as those used in the control experiments of cabbage and turnips root flies. ln variety experiments during last sum- mer no results were received because of the slightness of damages. Keywords: cent; cereals; control; depart; effect; experiments; parathion; plants; preparations; results; seed; tikkurila; variety; winter; yield
• “Cholesterogenic" dietary factors and milk and milk fat yields in dairy cows by Saarinen, Pellervo (1959) - r 13;245 =-0.0345 r 14;235 r12;34g ==-0.0062 r 13;24g =+0.0124 r 14;236 r12;356 24 =-0.1002 rIKM =+0.1285 +0.1921 r 1&;M =-0.4486 r 16;25 =+0.4528 +0.2128 rl5!84 =-0.1755 r l6. Keywords: crude; dig; fat; fat intake; intake; level; milk; protein; results; trials; weight; yield
• Abstracts of papers concerning horticulture, plant pathology and pest investigations at the annual meeting of the agricultural research centre in 1959 by Editor, Editor (1959) - The flower buds developed as rapidly on untreated as on treated plants. As a result of the physiological dryness, the conductivity of plant sap and the malonic acid content of the fruits increase. Keywords: conductivity; leaves; plants; rot; varieties; variety; yield
• Fertilization of Sphagnum bogs, on the basis of certain field experiments at Leteensuo by Pessi, Yrjö (1960) - Increase .. ,yield yield yield yield Grain yield Straw yield Oats 0 650 1 680 1 000 2 900 350 1 220 PK 700 50 2 440 1 060 60 3 720 360 1 280 NPK 950 300 3 050 1 270 270 4 310 320 1 260 2NPK 1 120 470 3 670 1 460 460 4 940 340 1 270 3NPK 1 330 680 4 150 1 540 540 5 300 210 1 150 Significant differences: Artificial fertilization 41* 55** 75*** Stable manure 65* 88** 119*** Peas and oats 0 860 - 1 660 1 270 2 490 410 830 PK 1 680 820 3 250 1 780 60 3 740 100 490 NPK 1 880 1 020 3 930 2 060 790 3 990 180 60 2NPK 1 920 1 060 4 050 2 030 760 4 230 110 180 3NPK 2 150 1 290 4 500 2 110 840 4 540 -40 40 Significant differences: Artificial fertilization 159* 219** 301*** and Figs. 3 and 4; they, too, have been given separately for the period before and after 1949. Average hay crop yields, kg per hectare and year (17 years). Keywords: crop; grain; hay; nitrogen; oats; year; yield
• Studies in bulk crosses between some beet strains by Manner, Rolf (1960) - Summary In the years 1952—56 the present author allowed different beet strains at the Gulläker Plant Breeding Institute to hybridize. The hybrids in which more than three strains were involved showed a tendency to give larger root yields than the strains in which only two strains were crossed. Keywords: crosses; hybrids; matter; parents; percentage; roots; strains; yield
• Fen fertilization with potash in the light of tests at Leteensuo experimental station by Pessi, Yrjö (1960) - K 2 O Unclayed Clayed Grain Increase Straw Increase Grain Increase Straw Increase yield in yield yield in yield yield in yield yield in yield 0 1335 3317 - 2087 4509 30 1883 548 4392 1075 2468 381 5205 696 60 2229 894 5099 1782 2612 525 5701 1192 90 2327 992 5424 2107 2710 623 5739 1230 120 2271 936 5557 2240 2771 684 6044 1535 Grain yield, fertilizing 160* 217** 291 *** claying 103* 140 ** 187 *** Table 7. Crop yield results The weather conditions during the test years have been described in a previous publication (4). Keywords: crop; grain; hectare; potassium; straw; test; yield
• Super- ja thomasfosfaatti rahkasuon lannoitteina by Takala, Mauri (1961) - ja olkisadot on ilmoitettu ilmakui- vina, jyväsadot kuivattuina. Koejäsen Kauran jyväsato Keskimääräinen Kauran jyväsato kg/lia v. 1948 heinäsato kg/ha kg/ha, v. 1952 vv. 1949-1951 Treatment Crop of oats Average crop of Crop of oats kg/ha, 1948 hay kg/ha, kg/ha, 1952 1949-1951 0 1700 460 630 Psf 2470 1267 1020 Ptf 2410 1707 1250 2Psl 2810 2263 2030 2Ptf 2480 2683 1990 0 -|- kalkitus liming 1590 913 700 Psf + » 2400 2310 1170 Ptf + » 2150 2670 1480 2Psf + » 2720 4333 1770 2Ptf + » 2270 4310 2130 1258* 1724** 2375*** Fosfaattilannoiluksen ja kalkituksen yhteisvaikutus Tutkittaessa edellä esitettyjen taulukoiden perusteella fosfaattilannoitteiden ja kalkituksen yhteisvaikutusta havaitaan superfosfaatin ja kalkituksen yhteis- vaikutuksen olevan positiivisen, lukuunottamatta kauraa, jolla molempien fosfaat- tilannoitteiden ja kalkituksen yhteisvaikutus on negatiivinen. Keywords: grain; jyviä; kuin; oats; psf; ptf; straw; yield
• Sprinkler irrigation on clay soils in southern Finland II. Effect on the grain yield of spring yereals by Elonen, Paavo; Nieminen, Lasse; Kara, Osmo (1967) - The authors consider, however, that the main reason was a different one: When the clay loam was drying, a fairly compact layer on the boundary between plough layer and subsoil hardened, and the plant roots were not able to penetrate this layer before it was moistened by irrigation water. In the dry growing seasons 1964, 1965 and 1966, irrigation experiments of spring cereals were carried out on clay soils in Southern Finland. Keywords: effect; fertilizer; irrigation; placement; wheat; yield
• Sprinkler irrigation on clay soils in southern Finland III. Effect on the quality of grain yield by Elonen, Paavo; Nieminen, Lasse; Kara, Osmo (1967) - According to the present results the ripening and quality of grain yield are highly dependent on the date of irrigation. There is a distinct period, before which irrigation will speed up ripening and improve the quality of grains and after which, on the contrary, ripening is retarded and the quality of grain yield impaired by irrigation. Keywords: effect; fertilizers; grain; irrigation; protein; ripening; wheat; yield
• The influence of season on yield increase and lactation yield in the Ayrshire herd of Viik experimental farm by Mäkelä, Aarne (1967) - Already in the 1920’s the lactation yields of autumn calving cows in Finland, accord- ing to Bruun (1928, p. 35), were generally higher than those of spring calving cows. Several authors have observed that autumn calving cows are more persistent than cows calving during other seasons (Bruun 1928, p. 35, Auriol 1955, p. 195. Keywords: autumn; autumn calving; calving; calving cows; cows; lactation; production; season; yield
• Residual effect of rock phosphate and superphosphate by Kaila, Armi (1969) - No phosphate Rock phosphate Superphosphate In trial K 104 the increase in the phosphorus yield by rock phosphate appears to be only about 60 per cent of that by superphosphate. In these trials, however, from the third to the sixth test crops, repeated application of equal amounts of phosphorus either as rock phosphate or as superphosphate gave the same response in the dry matter yields, but, at least in the red clover-timothy ley of 1959, the phosphorus content of the hay from the rock phosphate plots was distinctly lower than that from the superphosphate plots, mainly because of the poor uptake ofapatite phosphorus by grasses (Kaila and Hänninen 1960). Keywords: phosphate; phosphorus; plots; rock; soil; superphosphate; trial; yield
• On the thyroid morphology and the level of milk yield among the progeny of goitrous and apparently normal cows by Kossila, Vappu (1969) - The following mean values were obtained for the dams and their daughters: thyroid weight in grams: I 24.17 and 21.07, II 38.13 and 24.51, 111 61.22 and 31.58; thyroid weight in grams per 100 kg corrected body weight (BRT): I 4.55 and 4.18, II 7.42 and 4.92, 111 11.46 and 6.29; absolute amount of epithelial tissue contained per thyroid in grams (Eg); I 4.81 and 4.13, II 5.37 and 4.81, 111 6.96 and 5.61; corrected body weight in kg: I 497 and 474, II 507 and 462, 111 517 and 489; age in months: I 85.6 and 61.8, II 107.7 and 59.8, 111 119,2 and 64.0; mean FCM yield in kg during productional life- time; I 14.64 and 15.06, II 13.93 and 13.78, 111 13.48 and 13.94; FCM yield in kg per 500 kg corrected body weight: I 14.73 and 15.87, II 13.74 and 14.92, 111 13.04 and 14.28. Body weight, age, and milk yield. Keywords: age; body; body weight; dam; thyroid; thyroid weight; weight; yield
• Effect of age on the interrelations between certain blood components and milk yield during early lactation period in Ayrshire cows injected with vitamin D3 prior to calving by Kossila, Vappu (1970) - Both the absolute (in kg) and the relative (in kg/100 kg corrected body weight) daily milk yields have been considered in this study. Simple and partial correlations among blood hemoglobin (Xj), serum calcium (X 2), magnesium (X 3), inorganic phosphorus (X 4), and daily milk yield in kg (X 6) or daily milk yield inkg per 100 kg body weight corrected for fatness (X6a ) in young (I), old (II), and all (I + 11) cows. Keywords: blood; cows; level; milk; milk yield; serum; yield
• Growth of weeds in cereal populations by Erviö, Leila-Riitta (1972) - Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the sharp decline in weed yield caused by cereal seed rate increments from 25 to 200 and 400 kg/ha. This is in accordance with earlier studies of competition between weeds and cultivated plants, which likewise have demonstrated that dense stands of cultivated crops are effective in reducing weed yields (Winifred and Brenchley 1917, Granström 1962, Nelson and Nylund 1962, Weber and Staniforth 1957, Wiese et al. 1964). Keywords: cereal; effect; nitrogen; rate; seed; weeds; yield
• Potato yield and quality as a function of the plant density by Varis, Eero (1975) - The interaction between seed size and rate was significant (BC) as were the interactions seed size X variety (BD), seed rate X variety (CD) and seed size X seed rate X variety (BCD, Fig. 1). For this reason the definition given above has been adopted, and plant density has been assessed from the capacity of seed tubers to produce stems. Keywords: density; number; plant; rate; seed; size; stem; tubers; yield
• The effect of temperature and growth density on the development and yield of two- and multi-rowed barley varieties by Äyräväinen, Kirsti; Paatela, Juhani (1974) - Correlations between grain yield and some factors affecting it Grain yield was most affected by total biological yield, number of culms, 1000-grain weight and number of grains per ear, all of which were in a highly significant positive correlation with the grain yield (Table 1). Plants grown at the lower temperature produced much higher total biological yields and grain yields than plants grown at the higher temperature. Keywords: culms; ear; fig; grain; growth; number; plant; populations; sparse; temperature; varieties; yield
• The effect of some heavy metals on oats in a pot experiment with three different soil types by Sorteberg , Asbjørn (1974) - Soil series and soil types CaCOa g per pot pH after harvesting A B A B I. Clay soil 5.0 25.0 5.50 6.48 V. Sphagnum peat soil . Soil series Cd Ni Keywords: content; lead; liming; metal; nickel; pot; series; soil; straw; yield
• The effect of boron fertilization on spring cereals by Tähtinen, Hilkka (1974) - The size of yield when boron was not applied did not depend significantly on the pH, calcium, phosphorus or boron content of the soils. Threshold values of boron contents in Dutch soils in relation to boron deficiency symptoms in beet (heartrot). Keywords: boron; calcium; content; effect; fertilization; soils; water; yield
• Field experiments with bark humus MoDo-Mylla by Valdmaa, Kalju (1974) - The yield in the plots treated with bark humus increased considerably and was twice as large in treatment C as the yield in treatment A, without bark humus. 320 Field experiments with bark humus MoDo-Mylla Kalju Valdmaa The Royal Agricultural College of Sweden, S-750 07 Uppsala 7, Sweden Abstract, This preliminary 3-year field experiment with bark humus MoDo-Mylla revealed that an application of 28 tons d.m./ha of bark humus to a sandy soil in- creased the content of organic carbon by about 0.5 % and that application of 56 tons d.m./ha increased the organic content of the topsoil by about 1%. Keywords: bark; expt; humus; soil; year; yield
• Irrigation as a method of preventing detrimental late tillering of barley by Kivisaari, Simo; Elonen, Paavo (1974) - Grain yields (moisture 15 %). Grain yield of sheaves, g/m2. Keywords: barley; ears; effect; grain; irrigation; number; plants; tillering; yield
• Yield composition of two-rowed and multi-rowed barleys in drilled and single-plant populations in southern and northern Finnish experiments by Äyräväinen, Kirsti (1976) - At Viikki grain yields of the two-rowed varieties were significantly larger than those of the multi-rowed varieties. On the other hand, adventitious shoots were more abundant and the ratio of grain yield to biological yield was lower in the single-plant trials than in the drilled trials. Keywords: barley; culms; drill; ear; fig; grain; muhos; number; plant; plant trials; trials; varieties; viikki; yield
• A polyol mixture or molasses treated beet pulp in the silage based diet of dairy cows: I. The effect on the feed utilization, milk yield and blood values by Tuori, Mikko; Poutiainen, Esko (1977) - In the lower half the corresponding values were 19,1, 54,9, and 6,28 for the polyol group, 17,4, 57,4 and 4,64 for molasses group, and 18,0, 59,2, and 4,62 for the control group. For molasses group digestibility of NFE was 78,5 %. Keywords: acid; beet; comparison; control; cows; feed; group; intake; milk; mixture; molasses; period; period period; polyol; pulp; yield
• Nitrogen and potassium fertilization of potato by Tähtinen, Hilkka (1978) - In the present trials there was no correlation between the yield increase obtained with various nitrogen rates (50—156 kg/ha N) or various potassium rates (42 179 kg/ha K) and the results of the soil tests. An increase in the rate of nitrogen fertilization increased the fraction of 55 mm (and bigger) tubers and decreased the fraction of small (below 40 mm) tubers in the whole crop. Keywords: fertilization; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilization; potassium; potato; rate; trials; tubers; yield
• Selection intensity for milk yield in 1970—1977 in the Finnish Ayrshire by Lindström, U. B. (1978) - Genetic selection differentials and generation intervals for bull sires. In recent years a limited number of bull sires from abroad, 8 from the Norwegian Red Cattle and 6 from North American and English Ayrshires, have been used on our Finnish Ayrshire cows for production of bull calves. Keywords: bull; generation; milk; progeny; selection; sires; years; yield
• Chemical weed control in winter wheat: Efficiency and economic return by Uoti, Juhani; Juvankoski, Tuomo (1979) - Studies showing the importance of weed control are generally limited to indicating the decrease of weeds and the increase of crop yield. The Actril-type herbicide is known to be gentle to the crop and yet very effective in weed control (Robinson and Fenster 1973, Gummesson 1978). Keywords: increase; moisture; summation; weeds; yield
• Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a clover-grass stand by Pulli, Seppo (1980) - Yield distribution of clover-grass stand measured in % cut per total yield with three first cutting dates in 4-cut, 3-cut and 2-cut systems. previous cut) .83*** ,88*** .33 NS DM kg ha-1 (previous cut) —.3B* .54* .91*** 223 224 The highest coefficient of determination, 85.7 %, for the second cut’s dry-matter yield was given by the following regression model: Y = 850.4 + 54.25 Xj + 252.48 X 2 + 83.90 X 3 - 211.24 X 4 (F = 32.94***) where: R 2 X 2 = precipitation during a week before previous cut (E mm) 69.0 X, = total radiation sum (E Wh cm' 2) 74.074.0 Keywords: clover; cut; cut system; cuts; cutting; digestibility; fescue; grass stand; growing; growth; growth factors; matter; matter content; matter yield; meadow; plant; precipitation; protein content; protein yield; red; regression; spring; stand; sum; table; temperature; time; timothy; yield
• Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a pure grass stand by Pulli, Seppo (1980) - The regression model for dry matter yield was Y = 3198.031 + 115.3085 Xr - 6.1056 X 2 + 1.8524 X 3 + 16.0215 X 4 (R 2 = 99.9 %, F-value = 1245.13***) where X 4 = growing days X 2 = nitrogen fertilization for the cut (kg N ha 1) LAI and dry matter yield had extremely statistically significant corre- lations with spring, summer and fall growth. Keywords: content; cut; cutting; days; density; development; digestibility; fig; growth; lai; matter; matter content; matter yield; nitrogen; protein; protein content; rate; seeding; spring; stand; system; temperature; year; yield
• Seeding year alfalfa population development as influenced by weed competition and density of establishment by Pulli, Seppo (1980) - Root and top weights of an individual alfalfa and weed plant The calculated theoretical maximum seeding year spring yields of an invidual alfalfa and weed top and root are presented in Table 4. The negative correlation between the alfalfa and weed yields can be observed when the population density of alfalfa is increased. Keywords: alfalfa; competition; conditions; control; density; importance; plant; rate; seeding; seeding rate; species; values; weeds; yield
• Fertilizer effect and a model for forecasting yields by Kettunen, Lauri; Heikkilä, Tuomo; Jaakkola, Antti (1981) - The graphs of some estimated functions 46 47 5. Application for forecasting yield for the whole country In Chapter 2 the function 2.4. was derived which can be applied for long term forecasting. A para- bolic function is applied to represent the fertilizer effect on yields. Keywords: development; experimental; fertilizer; function; model; use; yield
• Variation in protein content of peas under Finnish conditions by Karjalainen, Reijo; Hovinen, Simo (1981) - Protein % Protein yield kg/ha 228 JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Voi. 1): 228-2)8, 1981 Variation in protein content of peas under Finnish conditions REIJO KARJALAINEN Department ofPlant Breeding, University ofHelsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki 71, Finland SIMO HOVINEN Hankkija Plant Breeding Institute, SF-04300 Hyrylä, Finland Abstract. Keywords: content; correlations; factors; peas; protein; protein content; seed; seed yield; variation; yield
• Determination of plant-available manganese in Finnish soils by Mäntylahti, Väinö (1981) - The Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Research Centre, Tikkurila, has provided me with the opportunity to carry out the experiment concerning effects of microbiological activity and organic matter on the extractability of soil manganese. A cation exchange resin method was developed for extracting soil manganese. Keywords: = 0,05; acid; acid soil; air; ascorbic; carbon content; chloride; clay content; contents; effect; et al; exchangeable; experiment; extractable; extraction; hydroquinone; hydroxylammonium; iron content; j. soil; kg soil; layer; layer samples; manganese content; manganese extractable; manganese manganese; manganese mn; manganese oxides; manganese uptake; matter content; method; mineral soil; oxidation; p =; plant manganese; plough; potential; reducible; resin; results; ryegrass yield; soil groups; soil manganese; soil material; soil moisture; soil ph; soil properties; soil redox; soil samples; soil sci; soil soil; soil solution; soil suspension; soil variables; soil x; soils; table; total; trivalent manganese; variation; water; yield
• Effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on yield and yield components of spring wheat by Karjalainen, Reijo; Laitinen, Aino ; Juuti, Tapio (1983) - Multiple regression of accounting for wheat yield reduction by Septoria nodorum and other pathogens. The conclusion that can be drawn from the above arguments is that a comparison between inoculated and untreated control plots may be a rather reliable way to evaluate the effects of Septoria on wheat yield and this type of 341 comparison may have applications to the field situation. Keywords: disease; ear; grain; nodorum; number; plots; septoria; weight; wheat; yield
• Continuous progeny testing, use and selection of proven bulls in Israel by Bar-Anan, R. (1983) - Results and Discussion The standard deviation (SD) between sires for PD of ECM yields were absolutely and percentage-wise larger in 2nd lactations than in first ones (Table 2). 491 among proven sires may change after 2nd lactation tests. Keywords: bulls; direct; ecm; effects; heifer; sires; table; yield
• Experiments on the cultivation of dandelion for salad use: l Study of cultivation methods and their influence on yield and sensory quality by Kuusi, Taina; Hårdh, Kirsti; Kanon, Helena (1984) - Tutkituista kannoista soveltuvat vaalentamatta viljel- täviksi parhaiten T. hemicyclum, T. lanyphyllum, ‘Voll- herziger, verbesserter’ ja ‘Vert de Montmagny’, vaalen- tamalla viljeltäviksi taas ‘Vert de Montmagny’, T. hemi- cyclum ja T. pallidipes. Yields of different dandelion agamospecies and varieties (fresh weight of the rosette, g, and yield calcula- ted as kg/a), and the effect of the different methods of cultivation. Keywords: agamospecies; bark; bitterness; covering; cultivation; dandelion; film; humus; rosettes; varieties; yield
• Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum with reference to resistance breeding by Karjalainen, Reijo (1985) - Genetics and epidemiological model- ing of breakdown of plant disease resistance. There are some reports which suggest that wheat resistance to S. nodorum is positively associated with late maturation time (Scott 1973, Eyal 1981, Scott et al. 1982, Karja- lainen et al. 1983) and tallness (Hope 1957, Brönnimann 1969, Scott et al. 1982). Keywords: ann; breeding; cell; conditions; control; crop; cultivars; data; development; disease; disease resistance; effects; et al; fig; gene; grain; host; infection; inoculation; interactions; karjalainen; leaf; leaves; new; nodorum; pathogen; penetration; plant; plant breeding; press; resistance; resistance breeding; s. nodorum; scharen; seedling; septoria nodorum; soc; spring; stage; studies; study; variation; wheat; wheat breeding; yield; york
• The response of some spring barley cultivars grown in Finland to air-borne secondary infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana by Kurppa, Aarne (1985) - Infec- tion incidence as well as fungal invasion of the internal cell leyers of the grains varied signifi- cantly among barley cultivars. Results Foliar symptom incidence and severity due to secondary infection of Bipolaris soroki- niana varied depending on the fungus isolate and barley cultivar. Keywords: barley; bipolaris; cultivars; experiments; fungus; grain; heading; incidence; infection; leaf; seed; sorokiniana; spraying; stage; yield
• The pathogenicity and importance of seed-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana on barley in Finland by Kurppa, Aarne (1985) - Seed-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana decreased the percentage germi- nation of barley seeds and the emergence of seedlings. Emergence of barley seed infected with Bipolaris sorokiniana, with and without seed treatment. Keywords: barley; experiments; grain; infection; levels; organomercury; seed; seed infection; seed treatment; sorokiniana; treatment; yield
• Effect of liming and N fertilization on growth, macronutrient content and uptake by mixed stands of three clovers and timothy by Jokinen, Raili (1985) - The influence of clover content of mixed ley on magnesium and potassium in red clover and timothy. The amounts of Mg added were adequate since the content of exchangeable Mg in red clover soils de- creased only slightly at the Cao level. Keywords: clover; content; cuts; fertilization; lime; red; soil; timothy; uptake; yield
• Spring wheat mixtures in northern crop production: ability of mixtures to buffer disease development and yield loss caused by Septoria nodorum by Karjalainen, Reijo (1986) - Index words: spring wheat, cultivar mixtures, yield stability, disease resistance, Seploria nodorum introduction Considerable theoretical and practical inter- est has been focused in recent years on the evaluation of genotypic mixtures in cereal crop production, and there is some evidence to support the idea that mixtures have several advantages over monocultures, such as greater stability of performance across diverse en- vironments (Jensen 1952, Simmonds 1962, Trenbath 1974) and more diverse and stable resistance to diseases (Jensen 1952, Borlaug 1958, Suneson 1960, Browning and Frey 1969). Therefore, the question arises whether cultivar mixtures can be used to reduce dis- ease progress and the yield losses caused by S. nodorum. Keywords: cultivars; data; disease; kadett; mixtures; nodorum; tähti; wheat; yield
• Goat’s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.), a potential pasture legume for temperate conditions by Varis, Eero (1986) - High ground water and flooding are harmful, but goat’s rue can withstand spring floods reasonably well for up to 12—18 days (Raig 1980). It can be concluded that a mixture of goat’s rue and timothy in which the proportion of goat’s rue is more than half can produce high dry matter yields even without nitrogen applications. Keywords: clover; content; crude; cut; cutting; goat; nitrogen; plant; protein; raig; rue; silage; table; year; yield
• Yield and glucosinolates in mustard seeds and volatile oils in caraway seeds and coriander fruit: I Yield and glucosinolate contents of mustard (Sinapis sp., Brassica sp.) seeds by Hälvä, S.; Hirvi, T.; Mäkinen, S. (1986) - Seed yields of brown mustard varieties compared with ‘Blaze’ during 1984—85 at two locations 161 Kangasala. Figure I. Seed yield of yellow mustard varieties compared with Trico’ during 1983—85 at two locations 159 Table 2. Keywords: brown; growth; helsinki; mustard; seeds; sinigrine; varieties; yield
• Blossom beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) as a yield factor in turnip rape (Brassica campestris L.) by Tulisalo, Unto; Wuori, Tuomo (1986) - 226 The abundance and population growth of blossom beetles Blossom beetles feed on the pollen of many different plant species (Pruffer 1958), but in Fig. Blossom beetle numbers observed on winter and spring rapes during the summer of 1977. Keywords: beetles; blossom; blossom beetles; control; fig; flowering; number; plants; rape; seed; spring; stage; turnip; winter; yield
• Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): I Herb yield of dill and basil affected by fertilization by Hälvä, S.; Puukka, L. (1987) - Estimating the yield by the amount of N fertilizer indicated that dill yield would increase up to the fertilizing rate of 1.15 and basil yield up to 1.0 (in 1985) or 1.50(in 1984)kg N/100 m 2 after which the herb yields will decrease. Response of dill yield to basic fertilization in 1984 (yl, observations marked with x) and 1985 (y2, observations with o). Keywords: basil; dill; fertilization; herb; kg/100; yield
• Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): II Oil yield of dill affected by fertilization by Hälvä, S.; Huopalahti, R.; Mäkinen, S. (1987) - The small nitrogen doses (30 —40 kg N/ha) gave also good results in respect to oil yield and the amount of 3,6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran, the most important aroma compound in the dill herb. The results of this study clearly point out that the optimum dill herb in respect to the herb and oil yield, and the amount of 3,6- dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran, the character impact compound in dill herb, is reached by a rather low nitrogen supply (30 —40 kg N/ha). Keywords: aroma; content; dill; fertilization; herb; oil; yield
• Studies on production techniques of some herb plants: I Effect of Agryl P17 mulching on herb yield and volatile oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) by Hälvä, S. (1987) - These results confirm with those of Härdh and Härdh (1972) and Härdh (1978), who found higher oil content in marjoram grown in a greenhouse than outdoors. Agryl Pl 7 mulching increased basil yield at all locations. Keywords: agryl; basil; content; herb; marjoram; oil; yield
• The effect of dietary inclusion of barley, unmolassed sugar beet pulp and molasses on milk production, digestibility and digesta passage in dairy cows given silage based diet by Huhtanen, Pekka (1987) - Statistical significance of effectTreatmentFatty acid SEM A B C D E 24 df AB v. AD v. AE v. C. v. DE BE BD other 4:0 3.65 3.60 3.60 3.34 3.47 0.07 ** NS NS NS 6:0 to 14:1 24.2 24.1 23.8 24.6 23.4 0.73 NS NS NS NS 16:0 to 16:1 35.2 34.9 34.4 32.8 33.2 0.64 *» NS NS NS 18:0 10.2 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.8 0.25 NS NS NS NS 18:1 19.7 20.0 20.3 20.6 22.0 0.96 NS NS NS NS 18:2 2.36 2.32 2.39 2.59 2.46 0.06 ** NS NS NS 18:3 0.58 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.03 NS NS NS NS All unsaturated fatty acids 26.0 26.4 26.4 27.1 28.7 1.10 NS NS NS NS Fatty acids with odd number of C 3.54 3.42 3.45 3.98 3.66 0.10 ** * NS NS For significance: see Table 3. Statistical significance of effectTreatment SEM A B C D E 24 df AB v. AD v. AE v. C. v. DE BE BD other Milk yield (kg/d) 23.3 21.9 24.0 24.4 23.0 0.37 ** **• NS » FCM yield (kg/d) 26.5 24.8 27.0 26.4 25.1 0.43 NS •* NS • Fat yield (g/d) 1146 1069 1159 1109 1064 20 NS ** NS •1146 1069 1159 1109 1064 20 NS •* NS • Protein yield (g/d) 715 682 757 755 706 13 • •• NS Milk composition Fat (g/kg) 49.1 49.0 48.2 45.5 46.4 0.60 *** NS NS NS Protein (g/kg) 30.6 31.0 31.4 30.8 30.8 0.42 NS NS NS NS Live weight Mean (kg) 512 511 518 514 512 2.2 NS NS NS NS Change (kg/d) 0.16 0.15 —0.19 —0.06 0.20 0.14 NS NS NS NS Feed conversion FFU/kg FCM 1 0.383 0.358 0.366 0.359 0.351 0.013 NS NS NS NS kg DM/kg FCM 0.617 0.616 0.580 0.592 0.625 0.009 NS NS NS ** DCP g/kg FCM 2 60.6 59.9 55.7 56.7 60.7 1.00 NS NS NS *• Production feed units; intake corrected for maintenance and live weight change 2 Production DCP; intake corrected for maintenance For significance: see Table 3. (Table 5). Keywords: barley; cows; dairy; diets; digestibility; effect; energy; fat; intake; milk; molasses; protein; sbp; sbp diets; silage; supplements; yield
• Growing techniques of potato from true seed in Finland by Ahonen, Seija; Lamminsivu, Helena (1988) - Discussion The use of floating mulch did not increase tuber yield of true seed potato. Techniques for successful field seed- ing of true potato seed. Keywords: explorer; method; mulch; potato; production; seed; tubers; yield
• Effects of different fertilization practices on the growth, yield and dry matter content of carrot by Evers, Aino-Maija (1988) - Dragland (1978) has reported that an early drought period from the two true leaf stage onwards resulted in higher carrot root yield. Fertilization In placement fertilization treatments (Ta- ble 1) the granular NPK fertilizer (10-4-17 with microelements) was placed 8 cm deep in the soil, and the fertilizer rows were marked. Keywords: broadcast; carrot; content; fertilization; matter; npk; placement; root; shoot; soil; treatments; yield
• Advances in the breeding of oats Comparative trials with historical varieties in 1977—87 by Rekunen, Matti (1988) - From 1977 to 1987, variety trials were conducted at two test sites in order to determine the agronomic value of old oat varieties as compared to that of the varieties presently grown. The development of the yielding capacity of oat varieties during six decades is revealed clearly. Keywords: breeding; cent; content; cross; grains; oat; siemenjulkaisu; time; trial; varieties; variety; weight; yield
• Silage intake and milk production in cows given barley or barley fibre with or without dried distillers solubles by Ala-Seppälä, Hannele; Huhtanen, Pekka; Näsi, Matti (1988) - Prediction of energy value of cows milk. F diets were also associated with a lower (P <0.05) protein concentration in milk, but because of the higher yield, milk protein yield was 8.3 % (P<0.001) higher than in B diets. Keywords: barley; cows; dds; diets; effect; fibre; intake; milk; protein; silage; yield
• Yield, its components and pest incidence in mixed intercropping of oats (Avena sativa) and field beans (Vicia faba) by Helenius, Juha; Ronni, Päivi (1989) - Mixed intercropping slightly but signifi- cantly increased the total nitrogen content of the oat (F = 6.3*, df = 2,10) and bean seeds (F = 9.6**, df = 2,10). 6. Total nitrogen content (%) in oat seeds not sprayed (open bars) or sprayed against cereal aphids (dotted bars), and in bean seeds in the monocrops and mixtures (Experiment II). Keywords: aphids; beans; cereal; cropping; density; df=; experiment; intercropping; mean; mixture; monocrop; numbers; oats; padi; pest; seed; spraying; yield
• The role of fertilization practices in the yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) by Evers, Aino-Maija (1989) - Reports of the influence of fertilization on carrot sugar contents in the literatureare con- tradictory. These contradictory results can be partly explained by genotypes, because it has been confirmed that genotype has a strong influence on carrot sugar contents as compared to the effect of climate or soil influences (Simon et al. 1982). Keywords: application; broadcast; broadcast fertilization; carotene; carotene content; carrot; content; effects; fertilization; fertilization practices; fertilizer; fertirrigations; fibre; growth; matter; nitrogen; npk; npk fertirrigations; phosphorus; placement fertilization; quality; results; root; soil; storage; sucrose; sugar; table; taste; treatments; vs.; yield
• The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Herb Yield of Dragonhead by Galambosi, B.; Holm, Y. (1989) - Nitrogen fertilization explained 80 to 99 % of the increase in plant height and weight (Ta- ble 1). Response of dragonhead individual plant weight (fresh) to N fertilization (transplanted plants). Keywords: dragonhead; fertilization; harvesting; herb; nitrate; nitrogen; plants; proportion; weight; yield
• The effect of method of fertilizer application on sugar beet yield, yield quality and fertilization requirement in Finland by Raininko, Kyösti; Erjala, Matti (1991) - The yield increase from fertilizer placement correlated negatively with the sugar beet yield level. The nutritional status and humus content of soil, and soil type did not affect the yield increase from fertilizer placement. Keywords: application; beet; broadcasting; fertilizer; fertilizer placement; increase; placement; seed; sugar; trials; yield
• Competition and yield advantage in barley-barley and barley-oats mixtures by Jokinen, Kari (1991) - In trying to combine the two spe- cies so that there was less mutual competition at critical stages, Syme and Bremner (1968) found that mixture yields did not exceed the better component and were usually similar to mid-component. Yield and competition in barley variety mixtures. Keywords: barley; competition; components; crop; density; genotype; grain; grain yield; growth; mixtures; model; nitrogen; oats; oats mixtures; plant; regression; resources; results; stand; total; varietal; yield; yield advantage; yield total
• Yield and competition in barley variety mixtures by Jokinen, Kari (1991) - Lang, R.W., Holmes, J.C., Taylor, B.R. & Waterson, H.A. 1975.The performance of barley variety mixtures. Also growing of variety mixtures, multi- lines or bulk hybrids instead of pure line var- ieties has been proposed as a means of obtain- ing higher and more stable yields. Keywords: agneta; arra; average; barley; competition; grain; mixtures; nitrogen; ratio; row; table; varieties; variety; variety mixtures; yield
• Assessment of competition and yield advantage in addition series of barley variety mixtures by Jokinen, Kari (1991) - Trenbath (1974) showed that there is the tendency for actual mixture yields to lie above expected combined with the closeness of RYT’s to uni- ty. The influence of nitrogen fertilization, density and the composition of the mixture on the relative yield to- tals (RYT) and land equivalent ratio (LER) of barley variety mixtures. Keywords: arra; average; barley; competition; density; fertilization; grain; mixtures; nitrogen; plant; varieties; variety; yield
• Competition and yield performance in mixtures of oats and barley - nitrogen fertilization, density and proportion of the components by Jokinen, Kari (1991) - In trying to combine the two species so that there was less mutual com- petition at critical stages, Syme and Bremner (1968) found that mixture yields did not ex- ceed the better component and were usually similar to mid-component. Syme and Bremner (1968) and Fejer et al. (1982) found that mixture yields did not exceed those of the better component. Keywords: agneta; average; barley; competition; density; mixture; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilization; oats; proportion; veli; yield
• Influence of different barley varieties on competition and yield performance in barley-oats mixtures at two levels of nitrogen fertilization by Jokinen, Kari (1991) - Plant relative yields (PRY) and plant relative yield components of barley (Agneta, Ida and Aapo) and oats (Veli). Grain yield Keywords: aapo; agneta; average; barley; fertilization; grain; mixture; nitrogen; oats; protein; relative; veli; yield
• The effect of site on competition and yield advantages of mixtures of barley and oats by Jokinen, Kari (1991) - Grain yield means within site rows, grain yield means in the average column and grain yield means in the average row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5 % level (HSD test). In other studies of barley-oats mixtures (Syme and Bremner 1968, Jokinen 1991 b) it was shown that the number of ears per plant and the number of grains per ear varied more than grain weight in circumstances where differences in monoculture and mixture yields were ob- served. Keywords: barley; grain; jokinen; mixture; oats; protein; yield
• A comparison of untreated and formaldehyde-treated barley distiller’s solubles and rapeseed meal as protein supplements in dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum by Huhtanen, Pekka; Khalili, Hannele; Näsi, Matti (1991) - Milk protein content and milk protein yield were significantly (P < 0.05; PcO.Ol) higher for cows given protein sup- plements. Among the three protein supple- ments, the best response in milk protein yield was obtained with RSM; the difference be- tween RSM and the mean value of the DOS diets was significant (P<0.01). Keywords: barley; cows; dds; diet; milk; protein; rsm; silage; yield
• Effect of moderate and severe drought stress on the pre-anthesis development and yield formation of oats by Peltonen-Sainio, P. (1991) - Moderate water deficit and severe drought stress did not affect the developmental rate of the panicle, but the pre-anthesis and post-anthesis architecture changed considerably; leaves unrolled later, the number of green leaves was lower, the internodes lengthenedless, and the inflorescence was shorter as a consequence of water deficit. As the oats pollinated, these three treat- ments were divided into the following treat- ments: 4) continuously well-watered (pF 2) 5) continuously moderate water deficit (pF <3.5) 6) continuously severe water deficit (pF <4) 7) well-watered at pre-anthesis stage (pF 2), moderately drought stressed after pollina- tion (pF 8) moderate pre-anthesis water deficit (pF well-watered after pollination (pF 2) 9) severe pre-anthesis water deficit (pF well-watered after pollination (pF 2). Keywords: deficit; drought; florets; number; panicle; puhti; stage; stress; virma; water; yield; � �
• The effect of cutting times on goat’s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) leys by Virkajärvi, Perttu; Varis, Eero (1991) - When cutting was done in the beginning of September (second cutting time), the crude protein yield was highest. However, in 1988 and 1989, the lack of rainfall after second cutting time in spring was the reason for the small yields of the recommended cut- ting system (Fig. 4). Keywords: autumn; autumn cut; content; cutting time; goat; protein; rue; spring; spring cut; yield
• The effect of chloride and nitrogen on nitrate accumulation and yield in beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva) by Salo, Tapio; Pietola, Liisa; Jokinen, Raili (1992) - Effect of different fertilization treatments on soil EC, and nitrate content, yield and dry mattercontent ofbeetroot in the pot experiment. The difference in soil nitrate contents between two nitrogen treat- ments was almost double until October. Keywords: agric; chloride; content; days; experiment; fertilization; nitrate; nitrogen; pot; soil; sowing; yield
• Milk production and concentrations of blood metabolites as influenced by the level of wet distiller’s solubles in dairy cows receiving grass silage-based diet by Huhtanen, Pekka; Miettinen, Harri (1992) - Cubic Acetoacetate (mmol/1) 0.155 0.138 0.119 0.121 0.0021 NS NS NS B-hydroxybutyrate (mmol/1) 1.37 1.18 1.13 1.09 0.0157 NS NS NS VFA (pmol/1) Acetate 1079 985 1105 984 105.2 NS NS NS Propionate 22.2 28.0 30.9 27.4 3.51 NS NS NS Isobutyrate 6.6 7.7 8.1 7.2 0,89 NS NS NS Butyrate 42.9 52.3 53.4 54.4 4.03 o NS NS Isovalerate 4.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.59 NS NS NS Glucose (mmol/1) 3.35 3.46 3.56 3.55 0.080 o NS NS Insulin (mU/1) 1 27,9 30.9 32.7 29.7 1.79 NS NS NS NEFA (pmol/1) 92 93 99 103 3.87 * NS NS Urea (mmol/1) 3.58 3.86 4.72 5.08 0.214 *** NS NS ■The biological activity of the bovine insulin standards used was approximately 27 IU/mg 285 Agric. Cubic Milk yield (kg/d) 23.6 24.5 24.4 24.4 0.25 * NS NS FCM yield (kg/d) 25.4 25.8 25.8 25.8 0.27 NS NS NS Milk composition (g/kg) Keywords: barley; blood; cows; diet; huhtanen; intake; milk; plasma; protein; sci; silage; wds; yield
• Rapeseed meal as a supplementary protein for dairy cows on grass silage-based diet, with the emphasis on the Nordic AAT-PBV feed protein evaluation system by Tuori, Mikko (1992) - The change in milk protein content was 0.07 g/kg per 1 MJ ME. Rapeseed protein 380 2.1.2.4. Keywords: aat; acid; agric; amino; anim; bag; concentrate; cows; crude; dairy; dairy cows; degradation; diet; digestibility; effect; energy; et al; experiment; feed protein; feeding; feeds; finl; glucosinolates; goitrin; grass; hay; heat; intake; low; microbial; milk; milk production; milk protein; milk yield; nitrogen; oil; pbv; production; protein; protein content; protein yield; rapeseed; rapeseed meal; rsm; rumen; sbm; sci; sei; silage; system; table; total; treatment; utilization; value; yield
• Effect of seedbed methods and time of harvest on the yield and nutritive value of some forage crops grown on Vertisol at Debre Zeit, Ethiopia by Tedla, Abate; Airaksinen, Helena; Mohamed-Saleem, M. A. (1992) - Dry matter yield of forage crops also increased with advance in stage of maturity or subsequent harvests. On both improved and traditional flat seedbed methods, the chemical analysis of forage crops showed similar declines in crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) levels as the maturity of forage crops progressed. Keywords: bbf; crops; forage; lablab; matter; season; seedbed; unguiculata; vigna; yield
• Genotypic differences of storage proteins in four Scandinavian spring wheat cultivars during seed development by Peltonen, Jari; Sontag-Strohm, Tuula (1992) - Analysis by revers- ed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of changes in high molecural weight subunit composition of wheat storage proteins during germination. Therefore, synthesis and accumulation of the HMWG component is obviously requlated by genes which are associated with the quantity of grain protein concentration (Law and Payne 1983). Keywords: agric; cultivars; ear; filling; grain; hmwg; kadett; protein; quality; weight; wheat; yield
• Plant tissue tests for predicting nitrogen fertilizer requirements in spring wheat by Peltonen, Jari (1992) - This review article examined whether the technique of tissue N testing can provide a useful method for optimizing wheat grain yields and pro- tein concentration. Critical N concentrations recommended at anthesis are: 12 g ofN kg' 1 in DM of the whole plant and 23 g of N kg' 1 in DM of the leaves (Peltonen 1992). Keywords: concentration; et al; fertilizer; grain; nitrogen; plant; protein; sci; soil; tissue; wheat; yield
• Cumulative compaction of a clay loam soil by annually repeated field traffic in autumn by Alakukku, Laura; Elonen, Paavo (1995) - On average, soil compaction reduced barley yield by 5% and nitrogen uptake by 7%. Repeated field traffic does not, how- ever, always increase soil compaction cumula- tively. Keywords: agricultural; autumn; axle; clay; compaction; depth; kpa; loading; pressure; soil; subsoil; traffic; trailer; tyres; yield
• Determination of barley nitrogen status with chlorophyll meter for high β-amylase in grains by Peltonen, Jari; Virtanen, Ari; Helenius, Jaakko; Suopelto, Juha; Kiltilä, Kari; Eloranta, Esko (1995) - According to the res- ults of this study it can be stated that the critical SPAD values at pollination (i.e. pollen grains on well-developed stigmatic hairs, GS 52-58) are 37 SPAD units for grain yield and 41 SPAD units for P-amylase activity. Key words: P-amylase activity, grain protein concentration, grain yield, chlorophyll content, plant tissue N status ntroduction P-amylase is an importantbarley (Hordeum vul- gäre L.) protein, determining the technical qual- ity of starch used for various industrial process- es in Finland (Helenius 1992). Keywords: activity; amylase; amylase activity; barley; chlorophyll; concentration; grain; protein; spad; values; yield
• Partitioning of injuries caused by winter, fungal diseases and viral infections in cereals by Peltonen, Jari (1993) - Grain yield ofa cultivar was expressed as a yield percentage (Yj/Ymax x 100) where Yi stands for actual grain yields of a cultivar obtained in 1982-88 and Ymax is the highest grain yield of a cultivar obtained in 1982-1988. However, foliar diseases like Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici had a deleterious effect on grain yield of spring wheat and the prognoses on yield with the dynamic model failed (Teittinen et al. 1993). Keywords: grain; nelson; spring; wheat; winter; yield
• Effects of temperature sum on vitamin C concentration and yield of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) fruit: optimal time of fruit harvest by Yao, Yingmou (1993) - Relationships among vitamin C concentration, fruit yield, vitamin C yield and fruit maturity From the results (Figs. 4. Relationships among vitamin C concentration (V c ), fruit yield (Yf), fruit maturity (Mp ) and vitaminC yield (Vy). Keywords: buckthorn; d.d; fruit; maturity; sum; temperature; time; vitamin; yield
• Performance of reduced herbicide doses in spring cereals by Salonen, Jukka (1993) - Fluroxypyr was introduced into the official screening trials in Finland in 1982 as a new herbi- cide for weed control in cereal crops, with particu- lar effect on Galium aparine L. (Paul et al. 1985). Cost-effectiveness of weed control in cereals - systems based on thresholds and reduced rates. Keywords: application; barley; biomass; control; crop; doses; efficacy; fields; herbicide; mcpa; plots; proc; spring; weed; wheat; yield
• The effect of increasing nitrogen dose, growth regulator and variety on seed and stalk yields, and some quality aspects of fibre flax by Savikurki, Riitta (1994) - Treat- ment with growth regulator reduced seed yield significantly, by 120 kg DM/ha. Growth regulator treatment increased stalk yield when the nitrogen supply was further increased from 30 kg/ha to 60 kg/ha. Keywords: flax; growth; nitrogen; regulator; seed; stalk; variety; yield
• Estimation of genetic parameters for test-day milk production at different stages of lactation of Finnish Ayrshire heifers by Kettunen, Anne; Mäntysaari, Esa A. (1996) - The effect of test day models on the estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values for dairy yield traits. Test day models in the analysis of dairy pro- duction data - a review. Keywords: calving; curve; day; days; effect; herd; lactation; milk; model; production; test; yield
• The effects of prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures and elevated CO2 levels on the growth, yield and dry matter partitioning of field-sown meadow fescue by Hakala, Kaija; Mela, Timo (1996) - Dur- ing the second growing season, however, the growth rate in ambient C02 increased markedly relative to that in elevated C02 after the second cut, resulting in an equal total yield in both C02 treatments. Soluble carbohydrate content of shoots and roots The soluble carbohydrate content of meadow fescue above-ground biomass was 5-48% high- er in elevated than in ambient C02 most of the measuring times during summer, but there was no effect of elevated C02 on the carbohydrate content in the autumn (Table 3). Keywords: ambient; biomass; c02; experiment; grass; greenhouse; growth; nitrogen; season; soil; temperatures; yield
• Detection of bias in animal model pedigree indices of heifers by Lidauer, Martin; Mäntysaari, Esa (1996) - All the earlier Finnish studies have centred on young sire Pis and correspond- ing EBVs. In the group of daughters ofyoung sires, none of the coefficients in the models (4), (5) and (6) were statistically significant for the protein yield. Keywords: bias; bull; daughters; ebv; milk; model; pis; regression; sires; yield
• Uptake of heavy metals by plants from airborne deposition and polluted soils by Yläranta, Toivo (1996) - The soil at Harjavalta was found to have been pol- luted since 1945 by emissions from various in- dustrial processes, mainly from the smelter, whereas pot soils were not polluted (Table 2). The addition of 200 mg of Cu and 1000 mg of Ni per pot increased the amounts of soluble salts in pot soils (Table 10). Keywords: concentrations; copper; deposition; harjavalta; lead; nickel; plants; pot; soil; tam; yield
• Long-term fertilizer field trials: comparison of three mathematical response models by Bäckman, Stefan T.; Vermeulen, S.; Taavitsainen, V.-M. (1997) - Quadratic model LRP model Exponential model f -b X = X i„ (_E*E_) X=X= * 2c c Economic analysis Making marginal cost equal to marginal reve- nue gives us the maximal economic return. Note that the intercepts (parameter a, LRP and quadratic model) for oats and barley are higher than those for wheat. Keywords: barley; exponential; fertilizer; function; lrp; model; oats; quadratic; response; wheat; yield
• The effects of added glycerol or unprotected free fatty acids or a combination of the two on silage intake, milk production, rumen fermentation and diet digestibility in cows given grass silage based diets by Khalili, Hannele; Varvikko, Tuomo; Toivonen, Vesa; Hissa, Kari; Suvitie, Marjatta (1997) - Silage 10.18 10.06 9.94 9.74 0.108 NS ** NS Supplement 6.09 6.01 6.11 6.15 0.058 Total intake 16.27 16.06 16.05 15.89 0.115 NS NS NS Silage+suppl. g/W075 148 146 147 146 1.1 NS NS NS ME intake (MJ) 187 185 189 188 1.3 NS NS NS ECM 1 yield (kg day 1) Keywords: acids; composition; cows; diets; effects; fatty; fatty acids; glycerol; intake; milk; mixture; rumen; science; silage; yield
• The effects of ridging, row-spacing and seeding rate on carrot yield by Taivalmaa, Sanna-Liisa; Talvitie, Heikki (1997) - The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ridging (flat bed, narrow ridge and broad ridge), seeding rate (target plant densities 40, 50, 60 and 70 roots/m2 ) and sowing system (single row, double row and band) on the quantity and external quality of carrot yield. The effects of ridging, row-spacing and seeding rate on carrot yield in general, the effect of seeding rate on yields was small, being significant only in 1990. Keywords: carrots; mean; rate; ridges; root; row; seeding; soil; sowing; yield
• The effects of a non-woven cover in combination with different soil mulches in strawberry cultivation by Aflatuni, Abbas; Kemppainen, Riitta; Heinonen, Alpo; Hakonen, Tiina (1997) - re- ported that non-woven covers have, however, certain disadvantages, e.g. a slightly poorer crop quality and a large percentage of small berries (less than 1.5 cm in diameter), both of which reduce the quantity of the marketableyield. Statistically significant effects of non-woven cover and mulch on timing of harvest, marketable yield, amount of mouldy berries, proportion of small berries and total yield at Sotkamo and Rovaniemi. Keywords: berries; black; cover; film; harvest; mulches; rovaniemi; soil; spring; strawberry; yield
• Selection for milk constituents in dairy cattle by Juga, Jarmo (1990) - Index words: breeding goal, milk, protein, protein-%, selection index Introduction The breeding program in Finnish dairy cat- tle has produced a moderate improvement in milk yield and milk fat content. If selection was solely on milk yield (alter- native II), that is the case in many countries, the response in milk yield would be approxi- mately 100 kg more per generation than when selection is for protein yield (I). Keywords: content; fat; milk; protein; selection; yield
• Seed yield and seed quality of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in growing conditions of Finland by Varis, E.; Peltola, U.; Kauppila, R. (1990) - The germinability and dormancy characteristics of subterranean clover seeds in 1986. The germinability and dormancy characteristics of subterranean clover seeds in 1987. Keywords: clover; conditions; dormancy; seeds; subterranean; varieties; yield
• The effect of climatic factors on production of spring wheat quantity to quality ratio in southern Finland by Peltonen, Jari; Karvonen, Tuomo; Kivi, Erkki (1990) - There was lit- tle annual variation in protein content of wheat grain before 1974 (Suomela et ai. 1977), however since 1974 there has been a de- crease in the protein content. According to Kramer (1979), with- in a wheat genotype the correlation between grain yield and grain protein content can be either close to zero, positive, or negative, de- pending on the level of fertilization. Keywords: content; grain; nitrogen; protein; quality; temperature; wheat; yield
• Yield reduction of spring wheat in relation to disease development caused by Septoria nodorum by Karjalainen, Reijo; Karjalainen, Sinikka (1990) - Our results in 1986 showed that even un- der unsuitable dry conditions S. nodorum can reduce wheat yield by s—lo5—10 %. Integrated control of Septoria disease of wheat. Keywords: cultivars; development; disease; grain; infection; kadett; leaf; nodorum; septoria; spring; tähti; wheat; yield
• Yield reduction of oat cultivars in relation to disease development caused by barley yellow dwarf virus by Peltonen-Sainio, P.; Karjalainen, R. (1990) - The effects of barley yellow dwarf virus on the development, grain yield and yield components of oat cultivar Veli and breeding lines Hankkija 78152 and 78033 were studied in two years. Index words: barley yellow dwarf virus, yield loss, epidemiology Introduction Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), the type member of the plant luteovirus group, is trans- mitted in a persistent circulative manner by aphids (Oswald and Houston 1951). Keywords: aphids; barley; bydv; disease; dwarf; grain; infection; oat; virus; yellow; yield
• The effects of tuber size and chitting method on the growth and yield of Amyla and Barima potatoes by Varis, Eero (1973) - Tuber yield per hill, g. Averages of three liftings Autumn lifting Chitting method Large seed Small seed Average Large seed Small seed Average Not chitted 497 421 459 779 694 736 Stem weight per hillChitting method Large seed Small seed Average Notchitted 395 306 350 In dark 352 277 315 In light 358 262 310 In plastic bags 327 264 295 Average 358 277 318 LSD 5 % Seed size 18 Chitting 26 The weight of the haulms of Amyla was considerably greater than that of Barima (423 and 212 g). Keywords: amyla; barima; chitting; method; ns ns; number; seed; seed size; size; sprouts; tubers; weight; yield
• Effect of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici) on spring wheat in Finland by Nissinen, Oiva (1973) - From the plant breeder’s point of view, choosing field resistant lines is, however, no solution to breeding mildew resistant varieties. According to Fajersson and Lundin (1969), combining a gene for mildew resistance into the field resis- tance variety Ring increases the grain yield in the new variety Rang in many cases by 10—15%. Keywords: grain; hja; mildew; resistance; varieties; wheat; yield
• Changes in yield and nutritive value of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress by Staniak, Mariola (2019) - Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Dry matter yield (DMY) of Trifolium pratense and Festulolium braunii grown in pure stand (PS) and in mixture (MX) under optimal and drought stress conditions (g pot-1) I regrowth II regrowth III regrowth IV regrowth Treatment soil moisture conditions optimum stress optimum stress optimum stress optimum stress 2012 T. pratense PS1 37.1 ± 1.39 22.9 ± 2.64 21.3 ± 2.54 14.0 ± 0.27 12.0 ± 2.29 9.0 ± 0.31 - - F. braunii PS 17.9 ± 1.24 21.3 ± 2.40 15.7 ± 0.50 16.7 ± 1.20 12.2 ± 0.58 10.6 ± 0.42 - - T. pratense+ F. braunii MX 23.9 ± 1.73 23.5 ± 1.37 19.1 ± 1.53 16.0 ± 1.47 11.5 ± 0.51 9.4 ± 0.72 - - LSD0.05 2.93 2.64 n.s.3 ANOVA summary Keywords: braunii; content; drought; n.s; pratense; soil; stress; water; yield
• Natural biostimulants reduce the incidence of BER in sweet yellow pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) by Parađiković, Nada; Vinkovic, Tomislav; Vinković Vrček, Ivana; Tkalec, Monika (2013) - Fast growth of pepper, particularly of that grown in glasshouse, correlates with lower Ca absorption from substrates and its low concentration in pepper fruits (Marcelis and Ho 1999), along with induction of BER. Application of biostimulants significantly increased the Fe content in pepper fruits in both years (Fig. 5). Keywords: ber; biostimulants; c b; c en; fruits; lc c; pepper; plants; t c; yield
• Grain quality and N uptake of spring cereals as affected by nitrogen fertilization in northern conditions: a meta-analysis by Valkama, Elena; Salo, Tapio; Esala, Martti; Turtola, Eila (2013) - The magnitude of N uptake responses depended strongly on N rates as indicated by the weighted meta-regres- sions; it increased more steeply in SA than in MA (Fig. 4). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on grain protein content, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, in relation to estimated moisture supply. Keywords: barley; content; fertilizer; grain; ha-1; protein; rates; response; test; uptake; weight; wheat; yield
• Enhancement of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) following application of commercial seaweed extracts of the brown seaweed, (Ascophyllum nodosum) by Lola-Luz, Theodora; Hennequart, Franck; Gaffney, Michael (2013) - Effects of foliar spraying with marine plant Ascophyllum nodosum extract and nano iron chelate fertiliser on fruit yield and several attributes of eggplant (Solanum melongela L.). There are a number of studies indicating that application of seaweed extracts increases yield of vegetable and fruit crops. Keywords: application; cabbage; content; et al; extracts; ha-1; increase; nodosum; plants; seaweed; total; yield
• The effect of different proportions of Medicago media Pers. in mixtures with Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus on the yield and feed value of green fodder by Olszewska, Marzenna; Grzegorczyk, Stefan; Bałuch-Małecka, Anna (2019) - The share of alfalfa in the yields of mixtures with various proportions of alfalfa (30%, 50%,70%) AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Olszewska et al. (2019) 28: 18–26 21 In the second year of full utilization, mixture yields were determined in the range of 10.78–11.58 Mg ha-1 and were approximately 47% higher relative to the yield of pure-sown Festulolium (Table 2). The mixtures with alfalfa were characterized by high and stable dry matter yields and high protein content, where- as Festulolium significantly increased the content of WSC and improved the WSC:CP ratio. Keywords: alfalfa; content; cut; festulolium; mixtures; protein; sown; wsc; yield
• Biochar application to temperate soils: effects on nutrient uptake and crop yield under field conditions by Karer, Jasmin; Wimmer, Bernhard; Zehetner, Franz; Kloss, Stefanie; Soja, Gerhard (2013) - The particular effects of BC application on soil and plant yield, however, are not only dependent on the quality of the BC, but also on the specific soil characteristics (e.g. soil texture, SOM, pH). In their study, maize yield was within the current average yields of this region and hence, Güereña et al. (2013) suggest that specific soil productivity constraints have to be identified before BC application. Keywords: application; bc application; biochar; effects; et al; ha-1; ha-1 bc; kg ha-1; maize; nutrient; plant; soil; study; t ha-1; uptake; water; yield
• Slow-release fertilizer to increase grain N content in spring wheat by Rajala, Ari; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo (2013) - However, in the literature, various results have been reported for slow- release N fertilizer response; reduced yield, grain N and N uptake (McKenzie et al. 2007), increased yield and re- duced grain N (Beres et al. 2010), and no yield effect, but increased grain N and N recovery (Haderlein et al. 2001). Lower N availability had a relatively small effect on grain yield, but a marked effect on grain N and consequently the potential end-use of the grain lot. Keywords: fertilizer; grain; nitrogen; peltonen; release; sainio; wheat; yield
• Timeliness and traffic intensity in spring fieldwork in Norway: Importance of soil physical properties, persistence of soil degradation, and consequences for cereal yield by Kolberg, Dorothee; Børresen, Trond; Riley, Hugh (2020) - In addition, soil penetration resistance was significantly affected by the experimental treatments in July and September. Manuscript received June 2019 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE D. Kolberg et al. (2020) 29: 154–165 155 Earlier studies on effects of traffic intensity on soil physical properties and crop yield in Norway often represented traffic by wheeling under wet conditions in early spring. Keywords: effects; et al; fieldwork; intensity; penetration; resistance; soil; sowing; spring; timing; traffic; yield
• The impact of five long-term contrasting tillage systems on maize productivity parameters by Romaneckas, Kestutis; Avizienyte, Dovile ; Adamaviciene, Aida; Buragiene, Sidona; Kriauciuniene, Zita; Sarauskis, Egidijus; Kriauciuniene, Zita (2020) - Assessing the effect of soil tillage on crop growth A meta- regression analysis on European crop yields under conservation agriculture. Thus, the future of conservation agriculture (including conservation soil tillage) in Europe, based on the yield response, is optimistic (Kertész and Madarász 2014). Keywords: average; canopy; conditions; crop; et al; grain; maize; plots; ploughing; shallow; soil; table; tillage; yield
• Increase in perennial forage yields driven by climate change, at Apukka Research Station, Rovaniemi, 1980-2017 by Niemeläinen, Oiva; Hannukkala, Antti; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hakala, Kaija; Niskanen, Markku; Laine, Antti; Niemeläinen, Oiva (2020) - However, during P1 timothy trials were cut slightly later (at hay stage) than the meadow fescue trials (at silage stage). Number of results for the first, second and third year stands of timothy, meadow fescue and tall fescues during study periods P1, P2, P3 and P4 are presented in Table 1. Keywords: climate; cut; fescue; meadow; period; study; timothy; year; yield
• Long-term effect of farming systems on the yield of crop rotation and soil nutrient content by Keres, Indrek; Alaru, Maarika; Eremeev, Viacheslav ; Talgre, Liina; Luik, Anne; Loit, Evelin; KERES, INDREK (2020) - This article discusses the long-term effects of organic and mineral fertilisers on soil P, K and pH level dynamics in organic and conventional farming sys- tems over 10 years. PK-balance in the soil of different treatments Since cover crops and red clover biomass and straw of other crops were not removed from the field, the values of these data were not accounted for in the balance calculation of soil P and K (Table 4 and 5). Keywords: conventional; crop; farming; org; plant; soil; system; term; total; treatments; winter; years; yield
• Feasibility of paper mulches in crop production —a review by Haapala, Tapani; Palonen, Pauliina; Korpela, Antti; Ahokas, Jukka (2014) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Haapala et al. (2014) 23: 60–79 60 Feasibility of paper mulches in crop production: a review Tapani Haapala1, Pauliina Palonen1, Antti Korpela2 and Jukka Ahokas1 1University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 62, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: tapani.haapala@helsinki.fi Mulching has become an important practice in modern field production. This article reviews the published research on paper mulches and discusses the opportunity that they offer for solving the problems of the immense use of plastics in agriculture and the associated environmental threat. Keywords: black; brown; et al; kraft; kraft paper; m-2; materials; mulch; mulches; mulching; paper; paper mulch; plastic; polyethylene; production; soil; use; weed; yield
• Effects of meat bone meal as fertilizer on yield and quality of sugar beet and carrot by Kivelä, Jukka; Chen, Lin; Muurinen, Susanna; Kivijärvi, Pirjo; Hintikainen, Veikko; Helenius, Juha (2015) - MBM fertilizers and nutrient analyses of MBM were obtained from the rendering plant Honkajoki Ltd and nutrient analyses of mineral fertilizers from Yara Ltd in Finland. Nitrate content in carrot fertilized by conventional mineral (Conv.) or by MBM fertilizers. Keywords: acc; beet; carrot; content; fertilization; fertilizer; good; ha-1; mbm; mineral; root; soil; sugar; table; yield
• Effect on yield, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total isothiocyanate content of two broccoli cultivars (Brassica oleraceae var italica) following the application of a commercial brown seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) by Lola-Luz, Theodora; Hennequart, Franck; Gaffney, Michael (2014) - There are a number of studies indicating that application of seaweed extracts increases yield in a variety of crops. Seaweed extracts are mainly applied to crops as root dips, soil drenches or foliar sprays. Keywords: application; broccoli; content; effect; et al; extracts; food; ha-1; increase; plants; seaweed; total; yield
• Meat and bone meal as nitrogen and phosphorus supplier to cereals and oilseed rape by Nogalska, Anna; Chen, Lin; Sienkiewicz, Stanisław; Nogalski, Zenon (2014) - In the treatments, the inputs of N and P depended on MBM rate directly. Every two years 2.0 t MBM+K 4.02a 3.97b 5.40 20.2ab 3.0 t MBM+K 3.70a 4.15b 6.49 22.7b 4.0 t MBM+K 4.03a 3.71ab 6.07 19.0ab 5.0 t MBM+K 4.33a 3.74b 6.74 21.5ab Grain yield of winter wheat was rather good (ranged from 4.08 to 6.74 t ha-1) and increased along with the increase of MBM rate, however, the difference was not significant (p<0.05). Keywords: bone; effect; ha-1; mbm; meal; meat; rape; winter; yield
• Effects of different sowing time to phenology and yield of winter wheat by Klepeckas, Martynas; Januškaitienė, Irena ; Vagusevičienė, Ilona ; Juknys, Romualdas; Klepeckas, Martynas (2020) - Winter wheat yields in the UK: uncertainties in climate and management impacts. The impact of variation in grain number and individual grain weight on winter wheat yield in the high yield potential environment of Ireland. Keywords: biržai; crop; data; date; days; et al; grain; kaunas; maturity; model; september; sowing; temperature; time; wheat; winter; yield
• Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production under different soil conditions by Persson, Tomas ; Szulc, Wieslaw; Rutkowska, Beata; Höglind, Mats; Hanslin, Hans Martin; Sæbø, Arne; Persson, Tomas (2020) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Persson et al. (2020) 29: 482–493 482 Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production under different soil conditions 1Tomas Persson, 2 Wieslaw Szulc, 2Beata Rutkowska, 1Mats Höglind, 1Hans Martin Hanslin and 1Arne Sæbø 1Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Særheim, Norway 2Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: tomas.persson@nibio.no Organic amendments can improve grassland productivity. https://doi.org/10.4141/S98-074 Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production underdifferent soil conditions Introduction Materials and methods Experimental locations, and stand establishment and management Organic amendment characteristics and application Soil water-holding capacity Cutting regimes and dry-matter determination Statistical analysis Results Species differences Amendment effects on biomass Soil nutrients and water-holding capacity Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References Keywords: amendments; biochar; biomass; content; effects; et al; manure; matter; plant; sand; science; soil; species; særheim; yield
• Effects of sulphur fertilization in organically cultivated faba bean by Omer, Zahra Saad; Nadeau, Elisabet ; Stoltz, Eva ; Edin, Eva ; Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte; Omer, Zahra Saad (2020) - (% DM) Total S uptake (kg ha-1) N:S ratio 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 Location (county) ÖG 0.97 a 0.22 b 0.19 b 0.12 bc 18.0 a 2.6 b 30 a 46 a SK – 0.37 a 0.18 b 0.11 c – a 4.0 a 17 b 30 b VG 0.14 c 0.17 c 0.18 b 0.13 b 2.6 c 2.3 b 26 a 21 c ÖR 0.52 b 0.25 b 0.29 a 0.17 a 14.9 b 4.3 a 18 b 25 c p-value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Treatment Untreated 0.57 0.26 0.18 c 0.12 b 11.6 3.0 b 22 33 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 0.53 0.25 0.20 b 0.13 ab 11.4 3.4 b 21 31 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 0.58 0.23 0.22 ab 0.13 ab 13.1 3.1 b 22 29 Kieserite 20 kg S ha-1 0.54 0.24 0.21 ab 0.13 ab 11.9 3.1 b 24 32 Kieserite 40 kg S ha-1 0.50 0.26 0.23 a 0.15 a 11.3 3.7 a 23 28 p-value ns ns <0.001 <0.001 ns < 0.05 ns ns Different letters indicate significant differences between means within a column for the effects of location and treatment according to Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.05). Protein yield (kg ha-1) DM bean (%) Location (county) ÖG-17 5531a 30.7c 1697a 70.9d SK-17 4451b 33.0a 1467b 85.9b VG-17 3943c 31.1bc 957d 75.4c ÖR-17 3080d 31.9b 1256c 87.5a p-value 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Treatment Untreated 4333 31.5 1365 80.0 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 4308 31.6 1358 79.9 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 4227 31.7 1339 79.9 Kieserite 20 kg S ha-1 4265 31.7 1350 79.9 Kieserite 40 kg S ha-1 4122 31.8 1308 80.0 p-value ns ns ns ns Location × Treatment ÖG-17 Untreated 5676a 31.0 1760a 71.1 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 5651a 30.5 1725ab 70.9 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 5265ab 30.5 1605abc 71.0 Kieserite 20 kg S ha-1 5795a 30.7 1777a 70.7 Kieserite 40 kg S ha-1 5266ab 30.7 1615abc 70.7 SK-17 Untreated 4814bc 32.6 1567abcd 85.8 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 4490bcd 33.1 1484bcde 85.8 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 4480bcd 33.1 1482bcde 85.7 Kieserite 20 kg S Keywords: bean; content; faba; gypsum; ha-1; kieserite; sulphur; yield

• Carcass and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with plant-based protein sources alternative to genetically modified soybean meal by Śmiecińska, Katarzyna; Sobotka, Wiesław ; Fiedorowicz-Szatkowska, Elwira ; Śmiecińska, Katarzyna (2021) - (Effect of genetically modified soybean and ‘’00’’ rapeseed meals on pig fattening performance and technological and sensory prop- erties of pig meat). Legume seeds, including yellow lupin (YL) and faba bean (FB) seeds, are another source of protein in pig diets. Keywords: animal; carcass; content; corn; diets; et al; meal; meat; pigs; points; protein; quality; rsm; sbm; science; seeds
• Protein and carbohydrate profiles of a diploid and a tetraploid red clover cultivar by Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Bekčić, Filip; Prijović, Mladen; Vasić, Tanja; Živković, Sanja; Štrbanović, Ratibor; Marković, Jordan (2022) - Red clover cultivars vary in quality based on the stage of development at harvest and on whether they are diploid or tetraploid. Red clover cultivar and stage of development, as well as their interactions were added as fixed effects in the mod- el. Keywords: cho; clover; cultivar; development; drcc; kg-1; protein; red; stage; trcc
• The effect of supplemented chestnut tannin to grass silage either at ensiling or at feeding on lamb performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality by Taha, Vahel Jaladet; Huntington , James ; Wilkinson, Robert ; Davies, Dave ; Taha, Vahel Jaladet (2022) - Meat colour and rancidity In the current study, three groups of lambs were fed ryegrass silage treated with tannin either at ensiling or prior to feeding, however, tannin supplementation (both methods of inclusion) did not have any significant effect on meat colour or lipid oxidation. The molar concentration or the pro- portion of the total or individual VFA of the rumen fluid was not affected by feeding lambs ryegrass silage treated with chestnut HT either at ensiling or at feeding (Table 3). Keywords: animal; chestnut; chestnut ht; ensiling; feeding; kg-1; lambs; meat; protein; ryegrass; silage; tannin
• Protein recovery from yellow peas (Pisum sativum L.) for enhanced processing sustainability and functional properties by Guraya, María Angeles; Andrín, María Nieves; Batres, Rocío; Torresi , Pablo Antonio; Reinheimer, Maria Agustina; Godoy, Ezequiel; Guraya, María Angeles (2024) - (10) Protein profiles by SDS-PAGE Protein fractions of pea protein products were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis. As many authors reported for pea protein products (Shand et al. 2007, Adebiyi and Aluko 2011, Ladjal-Ettoumi 2015), the alkaline-soluble proteins (i.e. the ones recovered through the pH-shifting process) exhibit a typical bell-shaped curve, with a minimum solubility index around the isoelectric point (4.5–5.0) and maximum values under alkaline (pH 8) and very acidic (pH 2) conditions. Keywords: acid; bacteria; capacity; content; et al; extraction; food; hcl; pea; pea protein; peas; process; properties; protein; protein products; protein recovery; value; water
• Effects of Spray Drying and Lactic Acid Fermentation on the Technological Characteristics of Yellow and Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Protein Products by Guraya, María Angeles; Iguti, Antonia Miwa; Triboli , Edison Paulo De Ros; Ribeiro, Eliana Paula; Accoroni, Cecilia; Espósito, María Andrea; Torresi, Pablo Antonio; Reinheimer, María Agustina; Godoy, Ezequiel; Guraya, María Angeles (2024) - Nonetheless, in contrast to animal proteins, pea proteins typically exhibit a diminished biological value owing to their reduced content of sulfur-containing amino acids. Pea protein presents several advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, hypoallergenic properties, and positive consumer percep- tion (Lam et al. 2018). Keywords: 2020; acid; agent; content; density; drying; encapsulant; et al; extraction; fine; food; green; pea; pea protein; peas; properties; protein; protein content; protein products; spray; values; water
• In vitro evaluation of agro-industrial by-products in diets for cattle by Krizsan, Sophie Julie; Franco, Marcia; Rinne, Marketta; Ramin, Mohammad; Fatehi, Farhang; Krizsan, Sophie Julie (2025) - Many by-products from the agricultural and food industries can be used in dairy cow diets. Further, in vivo production experiments are needed to fully assess the potential of inclusions of in vitro evaluated by-products as widely applicable alternative feeds in beef cattle and dairy cow diets. Keywords: barley; dairy; ddg; diets; et al; experiment; kg-1; production; products; protein; sbm; sbp; science; silage; vitro
• Chestnut tannin supplementation at ensiling: Effects on composition, degradability, and fermentation of forage silages by Taha, Vahel Jaladet; Huntington, James A.; Wilkinson, Robert R.; Davies, Dave; Taha, Vahel Jaladet (2025) - Sinclair et al. (2009) found that high tannin level pea silage had a significantly lower CP fraction a-term compared to low tannin level pea silage. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2025) 34: 154–168 154 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.161593 Chestnut tannin supplementation at ensiling: Effects on composition, degradability, and fermentation of forage silages Vahel J. Taha1, James A. Huntington2, Robert G. Wilkinson2 and Dave Davies3 1College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 2Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK 3Silage Solution Co., Aberystwyth, Wales, UK e-mail: vahel.taha@uod.ac Tannins are plant secondary compounds capable of forming pH-dependent reversible bonds with proteins, there- by reducing protein degradation in the silo and rumen. Keywords: bean; degradability; et al; fermentation; forages; fraction; grass; kg-1; pea; protein; rumen; science; silage; tannin
• Chemical composition and nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor for honey bee drone brood –pupae of Apis mellifera L. by Ritvanen, Tiina; Raatikainen, Marja; Järvinen, Janne; Pastell, Helena; Ritvanen, Tiina (2025) - Accordingly, there have been a growing number of studies on amino acid contents and protein conversion factors for variable insects (e.g. Janssen et al. 2017, Boulos et al. 2020, Ritvanen et al. 2020). Protein content is commonly determined as nitrogen content which is calculated to protein using a protein conver- sion factor, usually set at 6.25. Keywords: acid; amino; bee; brood; content; drone; et al; food; honey; insects; protein; pupae
• Effects of dietary rapeseed meal and peas on the performance and meat quality of broilers by Tuunainen, Petra; Koivunen, Erja; Valaja, Jarmo; Valkonen, Eija; Hiidenhovi, Jaakko; Tupasela, Tuomo (2016) - There were no differences in the proportional weight of the thyroid glands between control group and the birds fed with rapeseed meal diet. These variables correlate with body weight, which also was lower in rapeseed meal diets than in control diet. Keywords: birds; diet; effect; et al; meal protein; pea; peas; protein; r100; rapeseed meal; soybean meal; treatments
• Nutritional value of yellow-seeded winter rapeseed cakes for growing pigs by Święch, Ewa; Raj, Stanislawa; Pastuszewska, Barbara; Taciak, Marcin; Bartkowiak-Broda, Iwona; Smulikowska, Stefania (2016) - r = correlation coefficient AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Święch et al. (2016) 25: 99–110 108 In the present study, ATTD of protein did not differ between diets containing rapeseed cakes and the control diet containing SBM, or among rapeseed cake diets themselves. × 100 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Święch et al. (2016) 25: 99–110 103 Additionally, the mean values of AID of protein and AA in the diets were further used for calculation of the AID of protein and AA of rapeseed cakes by the difference method using the following formula: AIDRC – apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of rapeseed cake AIDRCD – apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of the rapeseed cake diet AIDW – apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of wheat CP/AAW – contribution level of protein/AA in rapeseed cake diet originating from wheat CP/AARC – contribution level of protein/AA in rapeseed cake diet originating from rapeseed cake The SID of protein and AA were estimated from the AID of protein and AA using tabulated values of basal endog- enous AA losses (Jansman et al., 2002) according to the following formula: SIDRC – standardized ileal digestibility of protein/AA in rapeseed cake AIDRC – apparent ileal digestibility of protein in rapeseed cake bEPL/bEAAL – basal endogenous protein/AA losses CP/AARC – content of CP/AA in rapeseed cake The calculation of ATTD of nutrients and fibre fractions in the diets was based on the chromium content in diets and faeces using the following formula: ATTDD – apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients/fibre fractions in the diet CrD – chromium concentration in the diet CrF – chromium concentration in the faeces ND – nutrient/fibre fractions concentration in the diet NF – nutrient/fibre fractions concentration in the faeces The ME of diets was calculated based on the content of digestible nutrients using the following formula according to GfE (2008): ME (MJ kg-1 DM) = 0.0205 x dP (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0398 dF (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0173 x St (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0160 x Su (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0147 x (dOM – dP – dF – St – Su) (g kg-1 DM) dOM – digestible organic matter dP – digestible protein dF – digestible fat St – starch Su – sugar The results were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the GLM procedure of STATISTICA 10 software (StatSoft 2011). Keywords: brc; cake; content; diets; digestibility; fibre; pigs; protein; rapeseed; yellow; yrc
• Use of rapeseed and pea grain protein supplements for organic milk production by KHALILI, H.; KUUSELA, E.; SAARISALO, E. (1999) - Milk protein content was higher (P<0.05) with RSM than with organic protein supplements. Addition of oil/ fatty acids has decreased milk protein content (Mohamed et al. 1988, Tesfa 1992, Khalili et al. 1997) as was observed also with RCSO diet. Keywords: diet; fat; intake; kg-1; milk; n c; n d; production; protein; rapeseed; rsm; silage
• Association between protein feeding and reproductive efficiency in the dairy cow: specific emphasis on protein feeding in Finland by SHINGFIELD, K.J.; JOKELA, M.; KAUSTELL, K. (1999) - Effects of dietary protein concentration on lactating cows. Kaim et al. (1983) reported that pregnancy rates were lower in cows with a PUC of 360 mg/l com- pared to cows with a PUC of 193 mg/l. A urea concentration in blood exceeding 429 mg/l has also been reported to be associated with reduced conception rates (Ferguson et al. 1988, 1993). Keywords: c e; concentrations; conception; content; cows; dairy; dairy cows; e n; efficiency; energy; et al; feeding; herds; journal; milk; n c; n d; production; protein; protein feeding; rumen; science; u l; urea
• Induced defence responses of cereals to pathogen attack by PELTONEN, S. (1999) - It is by no means a phenomenon limited or specific to transgenic plants express- ing resistance to PVY but is dealt with in this review because it provides a new and most like- ly broadly applicable concept for understanding the function of transgenic virus resistance and also natural, induced resistance to viruses in plants. Homology-dependent resistance: transgenic virus resistance in plants related to ho- mology-dependent gene-silencing. Keywords: cell; e n; et al; expression; gene; infection; journal; mosaic; n c; n d; plants; potato; potato virus; protein; ptgs; pvy; pvyo; resistance; rna; silencing; tobacco; transgenic; transgenic plants; virology; virus; virus resistance; viruses
• Pathogen derived resistance to Potato virus Y: mechanisms and risks by MÄKI-VALKAMA, T.; VALKONEN, J.P.T (1999) - It is by no means a phenomenon limited or specific to transgenic plants express- ing resistance to PVY but is dealt with in this review because it provides a new and most like- ly broadly applicable concept for understanding the function of transgenic virus resistance and also natural, induced resistance to viruses in plants. Homology-dependent resistance: transgenic virus resistance in plants related to ho- mology-dependent gene-silencing. Keywords: cell; e n; et al; expression; gene; infection; journal; mosaic; n c; n d; plants; potato; potato virus; protein; ptgs; pvy; pvyo; resistance; rna; silencing; tobacco; transgenic; transgenic plants; virology; virus; virus resistance; viruses
• Feeding levels during the growing phase affect the production of primiparous Finnish Landrace ewes by SORMUNEN-CRISTIAN, R.; JAUHIAINEN, L. (2000) - Excluding ewe lambs on L diet, mating was successful. In several studies, ewe lambs reared on a low level showed delayed onset of oestrus or totally failed to exhibit oestrus in the first year mailto:riitta.sormunen-cristian@mtt.fi 188 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E I N F I N Keywords: diet; e n; ewe; ewes; lambs; milk; n c; n d; protein
• Composition, ileal amino acid digestibility and nutritive value of organically grown legume seeds and conventional rapeseed cakes for pigs by PARTANEN, K.; VALAJA, J.; JALAVA, T. (2001) - © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received April 2001 Composition, ileal amino acid digestibility and nutritive value of organically grown legume seeds and conventional rapeseed cakes for pigs Kirsi Partanen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Pigs, Tervamäentie 179, FIN-05840 Hyvinkää, Finland, e-mail: kirsi.partanen@mtt.fi Jarmo Valaja, Taina Jalava MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Animal Nutrition, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Hilkka Siljander-Rasi MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Pigs, Tervamäentie 179, FIN-05840 Hyvinkää, Finland Eight white-flowered pea (Pisum sativum) and two white-flowered field bean (Vicia faba) cultivars grown organically were analysed for proximate composition and amino acid content. The greatest differences in ileal amino acid digestibility oc- curred for methionine and cystine. Keywords: acid; amino; beans; content; cultivars; digestibility; field; ileal; n c; n d; peas; protein; rapeseed; seeds
• Concentration and estimated flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen entering the omasum of dairy cows as influenced by different protein supplements by CHOI, C.-W.; VANHATALO, A.; HUHTANEN, P. (2002) - Soluble protein N concentration was very low and remained relatively constant throughout the feeding cycle. Approximately 0.80 of SNAN flow into the omasum was in the form of peptides, while free AA and protein N accounted for pro- portionately of 0.19 and 0.02 SNAN, respective- ly. Keywords: barley; grass; meal; omasal; protein; silage; snan
• Composition, digestibility and nutritive value of cereals for dogs by KEMPE, R.; SAASTAMOINEN, M.; HYYPPÄ, S. (2004) - Using dry food where oat groats is the main cereal component, may also promote con- tinual recovery (in addition of post-exercise sup- plements) of protein and glycogen stores after exercise due to an enhanced glucose and insulin responses of oat groats diet. Acknowledgements. Any of the cereals test- ed can be used in dog diets without major nega- tive effects on digestion. Keywords: barley; basal; cereals; content; corn; crude; diet; digestibility; dogs; energy; fat; fibre; groats; nutrient; oat; oat groats; protein; rice; wheat
• Effects of gluten and transglutaminase on microstructure, sensory characteristics and instrumental texture of oat bread by SALMENKALLIO-MARTTILA, M.; ROININEN, K.; AUTIO, K. (2004) - Key words: baking, oat bread, microstructure, gluten, transglutaminase, descriptive sensory analysis Introduction Whole grains are important sources of dietary fiber and other compounds of interest in disease prevention (Slavin et al. 1999). Five different recipes with different water, transglutaminase, and gluten contents were used to bake oat breads (Table 1). Keywords: bread; gluten; granules; oat; oat bread; protein; samples; starch; transglutaminase; water; wheat
• Feeding weaned piglets and growing-finishing pigs with diets based on mainly home-grown organic feedstuffs by PARTANEN, K.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.; ALAVIUHKOLA, T. (2006) - In Experiment 2, we studied the replacement (0, 33, or 67%) of rapeseed cake with blue lupins in fattening pig diets. According to van Barneveld (1999), blue lupins can be included in pig diets at high lev- els without having negative effects on feed intake or growth performance. Keywords: carcass; diets; faba; feed; feeding; g kg-1; kg-1; organic; performance; piglets; pigs; protein; treatments; weight
• Effects of restriction of silage fermentation with formic acid on milk production by JAAKKOLA, S.; RINNE, M.; HEIKKILÄ, T. (2006) - Effects of restriction of silage fermentation withformic acid on milk production Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Rapeseed meal increased milk yield irrespective of the extent of silage fermentation, but the magnitude of response was variable. Keywords: acid; c e; concentration; e n; effects; fermentation; milk; n c; n d; protein; silage
• Microbial protein synthesis, digestion and lactation responses of cows to grass or grass-red clover silage diet supplemented with barley or oats by VANHATALO, A.; GÄDDNÄS, T.; HEIKKILÄ, T. (2006) - Furthermore, grass-red clover diets in comparison to grass silage diets increased milk lactose concentration and yields of milk, protein and lactose. Sig- nificant interaction (P < 0.001) between the sam- pling time and experimental diet was found for rumen pH and VFA concentrations owing to the lower pH and higher VFA concentrations during the latter part of the feeding interval (4 to 10 h after morning feeding) obtained for grass-red clover rather than grass silage diets (Fig. 1). Keywords: barley; clover diets; clover silage; cows; diets; et al; fat; grass; grass silage; milk; oats; production; protein; red clover; rumen; silage diets
• Comparison of part-time grazing and indoor silage feeding on milk production by SAIRANEN, A.; KHALILI, H.; VIRKAJÄRVI, P. (2006) - Rapeseed meal supple- mentation increased milk protein yield (P < 0.01) more on silage feeding group (81 g d-1) compared with day-time grazed group (45 g d-1). Ensiling of herbage per se had little effect on overall animal performance (Cushnahan and Mayne 1995), but ensiling degrades the grass protein extensively and decreases the rumen mi- crobial protein synthesis, reducing the protein value of grass silage compared with fresh grass (Verbi vc et al. 1999, Givens and Rulquin 2004). Keywords: cows; day; experiment; feeding; grass; grazing; group; intake; milk; pasture; production; protein; silage; time
• A dynamic programming model for optimising feeding and slaughter decisions regarding fattening pigs by NIEMI, J. K. (2006) - The approach is justified because pig meat producer prices in Finland are quite sta- ble in the short run when compared to most other EU countries, and because slaughterhouses that buy slaughter pigs and trade piglets in Finland pro- vide also price lists that remain in effect until a specified delivery date. As the amount of annually produced pig meat then increases, an increase in the price of pig meat price emphasises the volume of production. Keywords: animal; barley; benchmark; c e; c u; capacity; capacity unit; carcass weight; control; days; decreases; e n; energy; et al; fattening; feeding; feeding patterns; feeding technology; function; g r; growth; income; increases; kg slaughter; l t; meal; meat price; meat value; model; n c; n d; period; pig growth; pig meat; pig production; pigs; price; producer; production; protein; quality; rate; results; scenario; share; slaughter decisions; slaughter patterns; slaughter pigs; slaughter premium; slaughter weight; soy; state; time; timing; tissue; u l; unit; value; value function; weight gain
• Need for protein supplementation in the diet of growing dairy bulls fed total mixed ration based on moderate digestible grass silage and barley by HUUSKONEN, A.; KHALILI, H.; JOKI-TOKOLA, E. (2008) - Albeit the LWG of the bulls fed BPWDS diet tended to be higher compared with the bulls fed C diet, none of the protein sup- plements had any significant effect on carcass gain or feed conversion in the present experiment. Rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in grow- ing heifers fed grass silage diets with or without con- centrate supplementation. Keywords: barley; bpwds; bulls; c diet; c e; c u; diet; grass; n c; protein; silage
• Plant biotechnology for deeper understanding, wider use and further development of agricultural and horticultural crops by ELOMAA, P.; JOENSUU, J.J.; KORPELAINEN, H. (2008) - A novel gene family in moss (Physcomitrella patens) shows sequence homol- ogy and a phylogenetic relationship with the TIR-NBS class of plant disease resistance genes. Development of SCAR markers to the PVY resistance gene Ryadg based on a common feature of plant disease resistance genes. Keywords: biotechnology; c e; c u; development; e n; elomaa; et al; gene; gerbera; j.p.t; n c; n d; plant; plant biotechnology; potato; production; protein; research; resistance; species; teeri; u l; valkonen; virus
• Tomato pomace silage as a potential new supplementary food for game species by Galló, Judit; Fernye, Csaba; Orosz, Szilvia; Katona, Krisztián; Szemethy, László (2017) - Con- sumption of tomato pomace silage by wild ungulates was also measured. Denek and Can (2006) used wheat straw and wheat grain as additives, and they found that tomato pomace silages fermented and preserved well with these additions, and this type of silage can be a source of good quality roughage for sheep. Keywords: acid; content; deer; feeding; food; grains; ground; kg-1; maize; pomace; protein; silage; species; tomato; tomato pomace
• The influence of raw grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds on growth performance and biochemical and haematological parameters in the blood of grower-finisher pigs by Winiarska-Mieczan, Anna; Kwiecień, Małgorzata (2010) - Influence of grass pea seeds on pig performance and blood parameters 224 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 223–232. 225 riod of experiment the animals of group II were fed standard grower mixtures, in the finisher ex- perimental formula, soybean meal were replaced by raw grass pea seeds (Table 2). However, the fatteners fed grass pea seeds amounting to 50% of protein feedstuffs in both fattening periods revealed the highest feed and energy intake per kg of live weight gain, compared to the group feed grass pea only in the second phase of the fattening period. Keywords: c u; grass pea; n c; pea; pea seeds; protein; seeds; weight
• Effects of grass-red clover silage digestibility and concentrate protein concentration on performance, carcass value, eating quality and economy of finishing Hereford bulls reared in cold conditions by Manninen, Merja; Honkavaara, Markku; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Nykänen, Arja; Heikkilä, Anna-Maija (2011) - Pre‑ diction of silage feeding value from the analysis of the herbage at ensiling and effects of nitrogen fertilizer, date of harvest and additive treatment on grass silage compo‑ sition. The effects of grain treatment, grain feed level and grass silage feed value on the performance of and meat quality from finishing beef cattle. Keywords: bulls; c e; c u; carcass; concentrate; diet; digestibility; e n; et al; grass; kg-1; n c; protein; silage; silage digestibility; u l
• Changes in rheological properties of Edam-type cheese during ripening by Jõudu, Ivi; Henno, Merike; Kaart, Tanel; Veskioja, Andre; Ots, Meelis (2017) - Results and discussion Cheese composition and dynamics of pH during processing The compositions of cheeses made with DVS and BS (Table 1) were typical for Edam cheese, whereas the mois- ture content was lower for BS cheeses as was expected from the different dynamics of the pH during processing (Table 2). The objectives of this research were to define the linear viscoelastic rheological properties of large scale production Edam-type cheese, to characterize the effect of ripening (from three days to 10 weeks) and to determine the effect of the type of starters, cheese com- position and cheese milk on the rheological properties of Edam-type cheese. Keywords: cheese; fat; milk; moisture; properties; protein; ripening; week
• The effects of legume seeds on the lactation performance of dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets by Ramin, Mohammad; Höjer, Annika; Hetta, Mårten (2017) - This is in contrast to the study of Faldet and Satter (1991) in which reported a depression in milk protein for cows consuming the heated soybean diet compared to the soybean meal diet. The effect of dietary treatments on feed intake and nutrient consumption (kg d-1) of dairy cows Item Ration Contrasts (p) CON RSE PEA UFB TFBH TFBL SEM C vs. O R vs. O UFB vs. PEA UFB vs. TFBL UFB vs. TFBH Total DMI 18.2 19.0 19.0 18.7 18.7 18.6 0.37 0.13 0.33 0.58 0.80 0.98 Silage DMI 10.2 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.5 0.25 0.04 0.37 0.93 0.40 0.50 CP 2.90 3.55 3.44 3.35 3.32 3.15 0.072 <0.01 <0.01 0.33 0.04 0.79 NDF 7.11 7.66 6.94 7.23 7.23 7.26 0.154 0.31 <0.01 0.17 0.90 0.99 iNDF 0.980 1.148 0.828 0.835 0.887 0.953 0.0242 0.13 <0.01 0.21 0.03 0.70 OM 17.0 17.6 17.5 17.3 17.3 17.2 0.34 0.15 0.44 0.53 0.84 0.98 AAT 1.66 1.85 1.78 1.75 1.75 1.71 0.035 <0.01 <0.01 0.51 0.40 0.96 ME, MJ d-1 219 224 231 223 223 222 4.50 0.18 0.98 0.17 0.87 0.97 DMI = dry matter intake; CON = control; RSE = rapeseed expeller; UFB = field bean untreated; TFBH = field bean heat treated high level; TFBL = field bean heat treated low level; SEM = standard error of mean; C vs. O = CON vs. other diets; R vs. O = RSE vs. other diets excluding CON; CP = crude protein; NDF = neutral detergent fibre; iNDF = indigestible NDF; OM = organic matter; AAT = amino acids absorbed in the intestine or metabolizable protein, tabulated values calculated using feed tables (Tuori et al. 1996, Luke 2017); ME = metabolizable energy ECM = energy corrected milk calculated according to Sjaunja (1990); FE = feed efficiency (kg ECM) / (kg DMI); MNE = milk nitrogen efficiency (milk protein yield / 6.38) / (protein intake / 6.25); CON = control; RSE = rapeseed expeller; UFB = field bean untreated; TFBH = field bean heat treated high level; TFBL = field bean heat treated low level; SEM = standard error of mean; C vs. O = CON vs. other diets; R vs. O = RSE vs. other diets excluding CON Table 4. Keywords: cows; dairy; diet; et al; field; heat; milk; production; protein; rapeseed; science
• An overview of silage research in Finland: from ensiling innovation to advances in dairy cow feeding by Huhtanen, Pekka; Jaakkola, Seija; Nousiainen, Juha (2013) - Huhtanen et al. (2006b) reported a value of 0.963 for true NDS digestibility for different forages. Indeed, the rumen NDF pool has reduced with increased silage digestibility (Bosch et al. 1992, Rinne et al. 2002) despite increased SDMI. Keywords: acid; animal; concentrate; concentration; cows; dairy; diets; digestibility; effects; et al; feed; fermentation; forage; grass; grass silage; huhtanen et; intake; jaakkola; journal; milk; ndf; omd; p. huhtanen; production; protein; science; science p.; silage
• On the estimation of the total of vegetable membrane substances by Paloheimo, Lauri ; Paloheimo, Irja (1949) - This is the partition into 1) cell enclosure substances or, plainly, enclosure substances and 2) cell wall substances or membrane substances. The principle and the general features of our method for determining the total of vegetable cell membrane substances were described in a preliminary report by L. Paloheimo (22, p. 19). Keywords: acid; boiling; cell; crude; determination; fibre; material; membrane substances; method; paloheimo; protein; residue; substances; vegetable; water
• Lignin studies I. Investigations concerning lignin determination by Salo, Maija-Liisa (1957) - In des- criptions of lignin determination methods various demands concerning the grade of fineness are prescribed. Review of sulphuric acid methods In the earliest methods used for the determination of lignin, extraction with organic solvents was the only pretreatment. Keywords: acid; cent; crude; determination; extraction; lignin; method; protein; values; water
• The effect of silage prepared in different ways upon the ammonia content of the cow’s rumen ingesta by Lampila, Martti (1960) - As, moreover, the mean ammonia 173 concentrations in the rumen during feeding of the other three types of fodder were closely equal, they can be used as a composite reference group to which the results obtained with A.I.V. salt fodder are compared. This paper presents the results of experiments in which three types of silage fodder prepared by other procedures were employed as comparison fodders. Keywords: a.i.v; ammonia; concentration; fodder; protein; rumen; salt; silage
• Analyses of plant products in greater detail by Paloheimo, L.; Vainio, K. A.; Kero, M.-L.; Herkola, Eine (1961) - Other membrane substances. The fraction »other membrane substances» contains mainly cell wall hemicellu- loses other than pentosans. Keywords: carbohydrates; fraction; hulls; membrane; protein; substances
• Studies on the main chemical composition of bones by Paloheimo, L.; Björkenheim, L. M.; Leivonen, H. (1965) - As the number of cows in the referred investigation was rather small, and as we have not found any papers on the same subject, we decided to analyse a somewhat greater number of cow femurs, especially for the purpose of establishing whether there really is a lack of the above mentioned correlation. The composition of cow femurs as volume percentages. Keywords: bone; cow; cows; fat; femur; protein; table
• Approximate determination of the cell-wall complex of vegetables by enzymatic digestion by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Kotilainen, Kaija (1967) - Since a protein correction was not desired in the procedure, it was decided to investigate which extraction method would be most successful in dissolving as much protein as possible and only a little of the hemicellulose, and further, whether the amounts of dissolved hemicellulose and protein remaining in the residue were approximately equal in magnitude. Determination of the complex of cell wall substances in plant products. Keywords: hemicellulose; protein; residue; solution; trypsin; vegetables; wall
• Effect of age and stage of lactation on the simple and partial correlations between the yield and the percentages of fat and protein of cow’s milk by Kossila, Vappu; Hintikka, Onerva (1967) - It may be possible that since the first-calvers continue to grow during their first period of lactation, the amino-acids circulating in their blood are intensively taken up by growing body tissues and this process may compete with the synthesis of milk protein in the mammary gland. The correlations between these two milk constituents vary greatly in individual cows (Kliesch et al. 1959) and are affected by age (Piel 1953, Marckmann & Witt 1956) and breed (Gaines & Over- man 1938) of the cows, the season of the year (Kiermeier & Renner 1961, Peltola et ai. 1963), the season of calving and the level of milk yield (Marckmann & Witt 1956), the stage of lactation (Peltola et ai. 1963) as well as by genetic factors (Bonnier & Hansson 1946, Hansson & Bonnier 1949). Keywords: calvers; content; cows; fat; lactation; milk; milk yield; percentage; protein; table
• On the carbohydrate composition and nutritive value of some cereals by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Kotilainen, Kaija (1970) - In Table 2 the relative pro- portions of the hemicellulose components have been rounded off to the nearest five per- centage-unit figures; however, it should be mentioned that the uronic acid components in rye straw, oat hulls and barley hulls amounted to 3.6, 4.6 and 5.0 per cent of the dry matter, respectively. It can be noted that the compositions of rye straw, oat hulls and barley hulls bear a close resemblance. Keywords: barley; cereal; composition; hemicellulose; hulls; lignin; oat; protein; starch; table; wheat
• Diurnal and daily variations in the composition of cow faeces by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Peltola, Ulla; Kotilainen, Kaija (1970) - Moreover, large diurnal variations appear during most of the days. Large variations have also been observed in the faecal excretion of Cr203 by pigs (Moore 1957, Horvath et al. 1958) and by poultry (Kivimäe 1960). Keywords: ash; composition; content; cow; crude; faeces; lignin; oxide; protein; samples; variations
• Response of certain malting barley varieties to nitrogen fertilization by Kivi, E. I.; Hovinen, S. (1972) - The effect of nitrogen on the vegetative growth was largely the same as on the grain yield: early nitrogen treatment increased the straw length ofall the varieties (Table 5). On the generative stage of growth, nitrogen treatment had little or no retarding effect. Keywords: barley; content; nitrogen; protein; treatment; varieties
• Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the amino acid composition of spring wheat by Elonen, Paavo; Aho, Liisa; Koivistoinen, Pekka (1972) - Amino acid content of foods and biological data on proteins. Amino acid compositions (%) in flour of wheat fertilized by urea (A) or ammonium nitrate limestone (B). Keywords: acid; amino; content; fertilization; flour; irrigation; nitrogen; protein; wheat
• Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and some baking quality characteristics of spring wheat by Elonen, Paavo; Rinne, Sirkka-Liisa; Suomela, Hilkka (1975) - Nitrogen fertilization slightly retarded ripening every year The falling number of grains tended to be slightly improved by irrigation (from 285 to 321, on an average), but in most trials irrigation and nitrogen fertilization had no signi- ficant influence on the falling number. Thus, irrigation decreased the zeleny value (from 64 to 53 ml), cold viscosity (from 214 to 114 seconds), water absorption (from 66.5 to 64.9 %) and the valorimeter value (from 68 to 60), while these characteristics were improved by nitrogen fertilization. Keywords: content; effect; farm; fertilization; irrigation; nitrogen; protein; quality; table; trials; value; wheat
• The digestibility and nutritive value of sugar beet top silage for sows by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Laakso, Elisa (1977) - The digestibility of beet top silage made from tops harvested with a mower chopper was determined with five adult, pregnant sows. Beet top silage is rich in all required minerals except phosphorus. Keywords: barley; beet; digestibility; matter; protein; silage; tops
• Utilization of untreated and formaldhyde treated skimmilk powder and skimmilk powder-barley pellets by ruminants by Syrjälä, Liisa; Syväoja, Eeva-Liisa; Boman, Marjatta (1978) - The mean number of ciliate cells (n x 103 ) per ml of rumen content of cows on different diets. 1 = Untreated diet 2 = Formaldehyde treated diet 3 = Pellet diet Fig. pH, ammonia and volatile fat acids in the rumen fluid on different diets. Keywords: ammonia; diet; formaldehyde; milk; milk powder; pellet; powder; protein; rumen; syrjälä; total
• The effect of sulphur deficiency and sulphur fertilisation on the nitrogen compounds of timothy by Ettala, Terttu; Kreula, Matti; Tähtinen, Hilkka (1978) - When nitrogen fertilisation was used without sulphur, the total nitrogen content of timothy increased in all trials, but in spite of this the proportion of protein nitrogen of the total nitrogen in the plants in sulphur-deficient plots decreased. %of total nitrogen %/dm ratio Trial 1 (n = 3) 0 0 1.32 61.4 38.6 8.4 3.1 - 0.10 13.1 48 0 1.59 58.5 41.5 10.1 5.1 0.10 16.0 96 0 1.95 53.8 46.2 11.7 5.0 0.11 18.7 48 34 1.65 61.8 38.2 9.0 3.6 - 0.12 13.7 96 68 1.69 64.5 35.5 8.3 3.3 - 0.13 13.3 Trial 2 (n = 3) 0 0 1.66 50.0 50.0 15.1 6.2 2.3 0.10 17.1 48 0 2.09 39.7 60.3 17.8 7.5 2.3 0.09 17.8 96 0 1.99 42.2 57.8 16.9 6.6 3.4 0.08 24.8 48 34 1.60 63.7 36.3 10.4 3.9 1.9 0.12 13.6 96 68 1.78 61.8 38.2 11.1 4.4 2.8 0.14 12.4 Trials 3 and 4 (n = 3) 0 0 1.22 67.2 32.8 7.3 4.1 6.3 0.13 9.7 48 0 1.37 65.0 35.0 7.4 4.4 2.7 0.12 11.7 96 0 1.69 68.0 32.0 8.5 5.4 2.0 0.14 12.4 48 34 1.48 67.6 32.4 7.8 4.2 2.1 0.13 11.2 96 68 1.65 66.7 33.3 7.4 4.5 2.3 0.14 12.1 141 Table 3. Keywords: acids; amino; content; fertilisation; nitrogen; protein; sulphur; timothy; trials
• The effect of processing treatments on the rumen microbial digestion in vitro of skimmilk powder protein by Syväoja, Eeva-Liisa; Kreula, Matti (1978) - The proportion of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) as a percent of the total nitrogen (TN) in in vitro microbial digestion tests with skimmilk powder samples. The microbial degradation of the protein of skimmilk powders manufactured and treated in different ways (high-, medium-, and low-heat spray, instant, roller, formaldehyde-treated spray) and milk powder products (skimmilk powder-wheat flour granules, skimmilk powder-barley flour pellets) was determined in anaerobic, rumen- simulating conditions in vitro. Keywords: flour; formaldehyde; heat; powder; protein; rumen; skimmilk; solubility; spray
• Untreated and formaldehyde treated skimmilk powder as a protein supplement for dairy cows by Syrjälä, Liisa; Poutiainen, Esko; Koskela, Visa-Heikki (1978) - Protein shortage group 2) Untreated milk powder group 3) Formaldehyde treated milk powder group Over one week the animals were gradually changed to the experimental feeds. The groups were: 1) Protein shortage group, 1) Untreated milk powder group and 3) Formaldehyde treated milk powder group. Keywords: content; cows; feeds; formaldehyde; group; milk; milk powder; period; powder; protein; table; utilization
• Relationships between physical and chemical characteristics and calculated metabolizable energy values in barley and oats with highly variable volume weights by Salo, Maija-Liisa (1978) - Relationships between ME values (MJ/kg DM) (y) and three characteristics (x). The variation of crude protein content was the same for both cereals. Keywords: barley; characteristics; oats; protein; starch; value
• An econometric model of beef production for optimization purposes by Sirén, Jouko (1978) - The increase in the protein content above this level has a decreasing effect on the productivity of feed energy. Live weight gain estimates and average and marginal feed use given by the model as a function of feed unit quantity. Keywords: animal; ayrshire; beef; content; crude; energy; energy content; f.u; feed; feed intake; function; gain; growth; intake; level; matter; maximum; model; production; profit; protein; rearing; time; weight; weight gain
• Application of a semi-automatic micro-DBC analyzer system for screening basic amino acids in single grains by Saastamoinen, Marketta; Tigerstedt, P. M. A. (1979) - Studies on inter- and intraplant variation in seed protein content of rice. Gene for improved nutri tional value in barley seed protein. Keywords: barley; content; dbc; dye; fp-9; grains; method; protein; seed; system
• Renal responses of reindeer to high and low protein diet and sodium supplement by Valtonen, Maija (1979) - In any case reindeer diet, consisting of lush green vegetation in the summer and mineral deficient lichen in the winter, may contain over 70 per cent water (Persson 1969). Effects of insufficient energy supply in the presence of low protein diet 403 5. Keywords: animals; clearance; diet; gfr; intake; kidney; lichen; lp diet; min; nitrogen; plasma urea; protein; protein diet; rates; reindeer; sheep; sodium; urea; urea concentrations; urea excretion; urine; water
• Aspects of the metabolism of 14C-labelled compounds by cows on a protein-free feed with urea and ammonium salts as the sole source of nitrogen by Kreula, Matti; Rauramaa, Aino (1979) - Introduction Professor A. I. Virtanen started to study the synthesis of milk proteins at the Biochemical Research Institute as early as 1958. In the same way as the synthesis of the amino acids of milk proteins from ammonia was followed by using urea and ammonium salts labelled with nitrogen-15, the synthesis of the carbon framework of protein, fat, lactose and citric acid from different energy sources by using preparations labelled with 14C was followed. Keywords: 14c; acid; amino; cows; fat; feed; milk; protein
• Incorporation of 15N and 14C into amino acids of bacterial and protozoal protein in the rumen of the cow on urea-rich feed by Syväoja, Eeva-Liisa; Kreula, Matti (1979) - A ikakauskirja 497 Vol. 51:497- 505, 1979 Incorporation of I’N and 14C into amino acids of bacterial and protozoal protein in the rumen of the cow on urea-rich feed Eeva-Liisa Syväoja and Matti Kreula Biochemical Research Institute, Kalevankatu 56 b, SF-00180 Helsinki 18, Finland Abstract. By studying the labelling of the protozoa and bacteria and the amino acids isolated from them at intervals up to 48 hours afterwards, it was found that the bacteria synthesized amino acids from non- protein nitrogen much more rapidly and effectively than the protozoa. Keywords: acids; amino; amino acids; bacteria; cows; feed; labelling; milk; nitrogen; protein; protozoa; rumen; urea
• On the DBC protein content and on the amino acid contents in F5 lines of the barley line Hiproly by Saastamoinen, Marketta (1979) - The lysine contents of protein in the lines with high DBC protein content are 3.54 %. Thus high lysine and high protein lines are screened from other lines (Mossberg 1969). Keywords: barley; content; dbc; dbc protein; high; hiproly; hja; lines; lysine; protein
• Untreated and formaldehyde treated protein concentrate mixture in the feeds of bulls by Syrjälä, Liisa; Poutiainen, Esko (1979) - The proportion of treated protein was 45 % of the total protein in the diet. 62 In previous investigations, where formaldehyde protected protein has been used in the diets of growing animals, there have been contradictory results. Keywords: bulls; control; effect; formaldehyde; gain; group; protein; rumen; treatment; weight
• The in vitro determination of the protein quality of rumen microorganisms of cows on urea-rich feed by Syväoja, Eeva-Liisa; Kreula, Matti (1979) - Effect of ration on the nutritive quality of rumen microbial protein. Digestibility of rumen bacterial cell proteins in buffaloes and goats. Keywords: acid; amino; amino acid; bacteria; cows; digestibility; protein; protozoa; rumen
• Dried poultry manure as a feed ingredient for dairy cows by Näsi, Matti (1979) - g of urea 95.71 d 2.40 94.42d 2.00 4.33 1.06» 0.03 1,06» 0.02 0,05 11.9» 0.3 11.8» 0.2 0.24 124» 0,1 125» 0.04 5.6 16.6» 1.2 16.8» 1.0 1.00 5.8 d 0.05 5.2»» 0.06 0.32 1.06 0.08 1.75 0.11 273 53 DPM2Experiment 2 FU/100 kg DM 81.82» 0.49 kg DM/FU 1.22d 0.01 DCP, % in DM 9.1» 0.09 DCP, g/FU Groups DPMI SEMI UREAI S.D. x S.D. xExperiment 1 S.D.x n 42 Hemoglobin, g/1 100.2» PCV, % 33.5» Plasma glucose, mmol/1 2.50»® Plasma urea-N, mmol/1 2.93® Plasma proteins, g/1 72.3» Plasma uric-acid, /rmol/l 50» Inorg. phosphorus, mmol/1 1.73» Calcium, mmol/1 1.86» Magnesium, mmol/1 0.80» Sodium, mmol/1 115.5»» Potassium, mmol/1 4.37» de Iron, jumol/1 30.8»® Copper, jumol/l 11.4» Zinc, jumol/1 10.7d 35 42 10.3 98.1» 8.6 98.8» 8.5 2.5 32.3» 2.6 33.0» 2.8 0.39 2.59»' 0.39 2.57» 0.32 0.55 2.55 d 0.93 3.59' 1.32 9.3 69.0» 9.9 68.8» 8.4 11 45» 6 43» 8 0.33 1.52» 0.37 1.68»» 0.23 0.21 1.78» 0.31 1.88» 0.38 0.10 0.74» 0.16 0.78» 0.10 19.6 112.7»d 20.2 122.5® 22.3 0.52 4.33» d 0.62 4.44®® 0.50 12.7 25.9» d 8.6 28.5» d® 8.9 4.1 11.2» 2.2 11.1» 2.0 6.3 12.0® 11.1 13.4' 10.4 Experiment 2 DPM2 SBM2 UREA2 n 48 Hemoglobin, g/1 103.9» PCV, % 34.3» Plasma glucose, mmol/1 3.23» Plasma urea N, mmol/1 3.10 d Plasma proteins, g/1 75.3» Plasma uric acid, /Keywords: 1971; 1975; 1976; acid; anim; composition; cows; crude; dairy; diets; dpm; energy; et al; expt; fed; feeding; groups; litter; milk; nitrogen; plasma; poultry; poultry manure; production; protein; rumen; s.d; sbm; sci; total; urea; value; waste
• Physiological effects of Pekilo single cell protein on pigs by Järvinen, Ritva; Savonen, Raija; Ahlström, Antti; Alaviuhkola, Timo (1980) - Pekilo protein in the nutrition of growing-finishing pigs. The carbohydrate composition and solubility of Pekilo protein and two yeasts. Keywords: acid; allantoin; animals; blood; control; diet; feed; group; pekilo; pigs; protein; sows; urine; weight
• Incorporation of radioactive carbon from [14C] alanine in the rumen of a cow given feed containing urea as the sole source of nitrogen by Syväoja, Eeva-Liisa; Kreula, Matti (1980) - Lewis and Emery (1962) studied the degradation of amino acids in rumen fluid in vitro and found that they form three groups according to their rate of deamination. He further observed that there was a complete loss of amino acids from casein hydrolysate, Cys and Arg in the rumen in 15 https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=AinnGaPCWjSlUrRt.0A9DQMIL_ZU69IBQ2WFEjQ.s7Zcj0n3Ty-4EPQBpOODy6Dl3E_RvKCOaTocKQJtHMn5_5HoRZYS6hO9GOaw9FexS7FeuwiiSALZpJIs7BbKx288E8mqhaJAuoKGMXioegXZPqyDIWDBBFYFGlJz0GHUu3ygcSiK85PEDISMoepB--62lDX9M50ku1fw47Tnh-PhmZ_yRmnwsJe3hVNUutR4oNADP6ax 70 minutes, and of Asp, Ser, Thr, Gly, Ala, Met, Tyr, Phe and His in 30 minutes. Keywords: acids; activity; alanine; amino; feed; protein; rumen
• Normal and light weight oats as feed for growing pigs by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Alaviuhkola, Timo (1980) - Oats rich in hulls have a lower digestibi- lity of NFE, because the NFE of such oats contains less starch and more hemicellu- lose and lignin. No significant difference between light and good oats appeared in the crude protein digestibility, or in the nitrogen balances (Table 2). Keywords: digestibility; feed; light; oats; pigs; protein; trial; value
• Nutritive value for growing pigs of pekilo protein and torula yeast grown in spent sulphite liquour by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Pekkarinen, Eeva (1981) - Energy values when crude fat is determined as ether extract (1), and as HCI-ether extract (2), and DCP values. In respect to barley there is no difference in energy value between these two fat determination methods: the HCI -method shows a higher fat content, and lower digestibility correspondingly. Keywords: crude; digestibility; ether; fat; pekilo; pigs; protein; torula; values
• Rehumaissin typpilannoituksesta ja sadetuksesta by Kara, Osmo; Pulli, Seppo (1981) - PAINin (1978) mukaan riittävä N-lannoitus takaa runsaan lehtialan mahdollisimman aikaisin kevääl- lä ja voimistaa lehtialan kestävyyttä läpi kasvukauden maksimi yhteyttämistehok- kuuden kehittämiseksi. ja 9.8. 20.7. Keywords: application; avg; fertilization; fertilizer; keskim; keskimäärin; kuiva; lannoitus; maissin; maize; mukaan; placement; protein; silage; taulukko; yields
• Green fodder from energy forest farming by Näsi, Matti; Pohjonen, Veli (1981) - The content of tannins was 4.1 % in willow leaves and 3.4 % in alder leaves. Crude fibre content of alder leaves was higher compared to willow leaves. Keywords: composition; content; crude; leaves; matter; protein; willow
• Field peas as a protein source for high-production dairy cows on grass silage and hay based feeding by Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa; Setälä, Jouko; Tuori, Mikko (1981) - Pea bean pea bean pea DM intake, kg/d Hay 1.65 1.57 1.34 4.15 3.89 4.02 Silage 7.19 7.23 7.36 6.00 5.83 5.97 Concentrate 7.71 7.36 7.75 7.16 6.75 7.06 Total 16.55 16.16 16.46 17.30 16.47 17.05 f.u. intake 14.11 13.71 14.09 14.13 13.49 14.08 DCP intake, g/d 1883 1826 1899 1968 1855 1908 Liveweight, kg 519 542 520 526 539 532 Liveweight change, kg/d +0.20 +0.07 +0.13 FCM, kg/day 26.9 26.8 28.1 23.4 23.4 23.0 Milk fat% 4.77 4.58 4.70 4.74 4.59 4.64 protein % 3.17 2.99 3.03 3.47 3.21 3.42 DM% 13.41 12.99 13.12 13.63 13.15 13.49 Milk fat,g/day 1152 1127 1197 1000 983 970 protein, g/day . At higher milk production levels protein concentrates are necessary, because of difficulties caused by the bulk of the diet. Keywords: group; milk; pea; peas; period; production; protein; soybean
• The degradation and utilization of formaldehyde-treated urea by rumen microbes in vitro by Setälä, Jouko; Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa (1982) - The low protein synthesis with F lO urea was rather unexpected, because the amount of fermented organic matter was highest when this urea was used. Since the ammonia release from F lO urea was also high, it is possible that the reaction between urea and HCHO was not properly balanced. Keywords: ammonia; hcho; incubation; protein; rumen; synthesis; treatment; urea
• Effect of the crude protein level on the utilization of untreated and formaldehyde-treated urea in vitro by Setälä, Jouko; Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa (1982) - Effect of crude protein level and added urea on the amino acid composition of the bacterial mass, when untreated (F 0) and treated (F,_ s) urea were used. Effect of crude protein level on microbial protein yield (mg/hr/40 mg fermentor contents), when untreated or formaldehyde-treated urea was used. Keywords: amino; ammonia; level; protein; rumen; synthesis; urea
• Effect of formaldehyde-treated urea on rumen fermentation, ration digestibility and nitrogen utilization by Setälä, Jouko; Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa (1982) - Pidättyneen typen osuudet syödyn typen kokonaismäärästä olivat F 0 -, FLO FJjO -jaF s 0 -ruokinnalla (koe 1) sekä F 0 F, 0 - ja F l s - ruokinnalla (koe 2) vastaavasti 15.0, 10.8, 13.2 ja 12.2 sekä 20.5, 20.2 ja 21.2 prosenttia. Rumen ammonia levels be- fore and 1-4 hours after feeding. Keywords: exp; formaldehyde; nitrogen; protein; protozoa; rumen; table; treatment; urea
• Untreated and formaldehyde-treated urea as nitrogen sources for lactating dairy cows by Setälä, Jouko; Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa (1982) - Milk yield and composition The cows receiving HCHO-urea produced more 4 % milk during the test period than the group given untreated urea but the difference was not statistically significant (Fig. 1). Among the cows producing less than 15kg of 4 % milk/day, the group given treated urea had a significantly (P< 0.05) higher milk fatcontent. Keywords: cows; formaldehyde; group; milk; nitrogen; period; protein; test; urea
• Untreated and formaldehyde-treated urea as nitrogen sources for young growing bulls by Setälä, Jouko; Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa; Aspila, Pentti (1982) - According to the results of SETÄLÄ and SYRJÄLÄ-QVIST (1982 a, b, d), this could also have been expected in this experiment, because the crude protein level of the total ration was within the range suggested as optimal for the utilization of treated urea in a diet of this kind. and it received more amino acids totally than the group given treated urea. Keywords: animals; groups; nitrogen; period; protein; qvist; rumen; setälä; syrjälä; urea; utilization
• Formaldehyde content of milk: 1. Cows fed on protein concentrates treated with different amounts of formaldehyde by Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa; Setälä, Jouko (1982) - According to FOGERTY and JOHN- SON (1980), milk and some other foods contain at least small amounts of formaldehyde, generally less than 10 mg/kg, but not necessarily in the form of free formaldehyde. However, somewhat varying results have been obtained especially as regards the occurrence of formaldehyde in milk. Keywords: formaldehyde; milk; protein
• Comparison of grass silage utilization by reindeer and sheep: 1. Palatability, feeding values and nutrient supply by Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa (1982) - Live-weight gain, feed intake and wool growth of lambs on different grass silages and sucrose and starch supplements. This was also the case with reindeer in an experiment where different silages were compared (SYRJÄLÄ and VALMARI 1977); an increase in the amount of fermentation products decreased the intake of silage. Keywords: day; digestibility; feeding; protein; reindeer; sheep; silage; syrjälä
• Rapeseed meal as a protein source for high-production dairy cows on grass silage-and hay-based feeding by Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa; Tuori, Mikko; Setälä, Jouko (1982) - Substitution of rapeseed meal for soybean meal as a source of protein for lactating cows. Twenty-four dairy cows were used in an experiment in which 1) soybean meal, 2) rapeseed meal and 3) rapeseed meal plus urea were compared for feeding value, when given as protein sources in grass silage- and hay-based feeding. Keywords: cows; groups; meal; milk; period; protein; rapeseed
• The effect of the source of nitrogen on protein fractions and their proportions in barley grains by Lallukka, Ulla; Varis, Eero; Repo, Ritva (1982) - The preceeding leguminous crops, pea and field bean, increased the nitrogen content in barley as well as the proportion of prolamin N. The share of prolamin N in barley following leguminous plants was higher than in barley following oats, where the similar total N content was due to fertilizer nitrogen. In this case there was no clear difference in the proportions of prolamin N between the treatments. Keywords: application; barley; crop; field; fractions; nitrogen; prolamin; protein; total
• Nutritive value of Eurolysine bacterial protein and Pekilo protein for growing pigs by Näsi, Matti (1982) - Digestibility and balance trials were performed with six growing pigs, to evaluate the nutritive value and protein utilization of Eurolysine bacterial protein and Pekilo protein used to replace 50 % or 100 % of soybean supplement in a barley-based diet. In the present metabolic experiment Eurolysine bacterial protein and Pekilo protein were used as supplements in diets for growing pigs, and their value as protein sources was compared with that of soybean meal. Keywords: crude; eurolysine; meal; pekilo; pigs; protein; soybean
• Performance of laying hens on diets containing Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein by Näsi, Matti (1982) - The investigation was made to determine to what extent soybean meal and fish meal protein in the diet of laying hens can be replaced by Eurolysine bacterial protein, a by-product of lysine fermentation, or with Pekilo protein. The results of this study suggest that Eurolysine bacterial protein and Pekilo protein can be used as protein sources for laying hens, and can compose up to 50 % of the protein supplement in the diet, provided account is taken of the requirements for sulphur-containing amino acids. Acknowledgements. Keywords: diets; eurolysine; feed; hens; meal; pekilo; protein; supplement
• Digestibility of amino acids in pig diets containing Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein, with special reference to a gas chromatographic method used in amino acid determination by Näsi, Matti; Huida, Lea (1982) - JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja 279 Vol. 54:279-285, 1982 Digestibility of amino acids in pig diets containing Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein, with spe- cial reference to a gas chromatographic method used in amino acid determination MATTI NÄSI 1 AND LEA HUIDA 2 1 Department ofAnimal Husbandry, University ofHelsinki, 00710 Helsinki 71 2 Institute of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural Research Centre, 36100 Jokioinen Abstract. The apparent faecal digestibilities of amino acids were determined in growing pigs on diets in which 50 % or 100 % soybean meal supplement was replaced by Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein. Keywords: acid; amino; diet; digestibilities; eurolysine; pekilo; protein
• Nutritive value of rapeseed meals and cakes for pigs and sheep by Salo, Maija-Liisa (1982) - Nutritive value of rapeseed meals and cakes for pigs and sheep MAIJA-LIISA SALO Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki 71, Finland Abstract. Digestibility and nutritive value for growing pigs, liveweight 40-70 kg, were determined for high glucosinolate (HG) Span and Torch (Brassica campestris) rapeseed meals (RSM) and cakes (RSC), and for low glucosinolate (LG) Regent (B. napus) RSM and DF-15 (B. campestris) Keywords: cakes; digestibility; meal; pigs; protein; rapeseed; rsm; span; torch
• Rapeseed meal as a protein source for growing pigs by Salo, Maija-Liisa (1982) - Diet 1 contained Span rapeseed meal (RSM) 17 % and pea 5 %, diet 2 RSM 8 % and fish meal 4 %, and diet 3 (control) soybean meal (SBM) 5.5 % and fish meal 4 %. Some cultivars of rape (Brassica campestris mainly) thrive well, and rapeseed meal (RSM) is finding increased acceptance as a protein source for livestock. Keywords: control; diet; feed; meal; pigs; protein; rapeseed; rsm
• Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) whey product as protein source for growing pigs  by Näsi, Matti; Ikonen, Matti; Antila, Matti (1982) - Protein supplement Skim milk 100 % Skim milk 50 % CMC whey 100 % CMC whey 50 % x SD x SD x SD PCV, % 37.9 4.4 39.5 3.2 39.9 5.3 Hb, g/1 124.8 10.7 127.2 12.6 128.2 16.3 Plasma glucose, mmol/1 5.7 0.5 5.3 0.2 5.5 0.5 Urea, mmol/1 3.1 0.5 2.4 0.6 2.1 0.9 Total protein, g/1 66 4 66 4 66 4 Albumin, g/1 43 4 42 3 43 4 Creatinine, /imol/1 173 19 172 17 161 13 Cholesterol, mmol/1 2.9 0.1 3.0 0.2 2.9 0.3 Total bilirubin, p.mol/1 1.4 0.4 1.1 0.2 1.3 0.5 P, mmol/1 2.7 0.1 2.7 0.1 2.7 0.1 Ca, mmol/1 3.0 0.2 2.9 0.1 3.0 0.3 Mg, mmol 0.90 0.03 0.83 0.05 0.79 0.07 AP, p.kat/1 12.6 2.6 12.7 2.0 12.9 1.9 ALAT, Atkat/1 0.54 0.10 0.52 0.06 0.45 0.08 ASAT, ju.kat/1 0.62 0.19 0.64 0.10 0.62 0.22 CK, p.kat/1 30.0 3.6 25.3 13.6 26.1 10.9 Y-GT, hkat/1 0.77 0.85 0.54 0.29 0.72 0.55 LDH, p.kat/1 25.4 6.4 24.7 5.6 26.2 9.9 The effect of CMC whey on clinicalchemical blood parameters was also investigated. Keywords: cmc; content; milk; pigs; product; protein; skim; whey
• The nylon bag technique in the determination of ruminal feed protein degradation by Setälä, Jouko (1983) - ORSKOV and FRASER (1973) and TAMMINGA et al. (1979) pointed out that the feeding level can also have an influence on feed protein degradation measured using duodenal cannulated animals. ELIMAM and ORSKOV (1982a, b) have suggested that, as the feeding level increases, the outflow of feed particles from the rumen also increases, thus allowing rumen microbes a shorter time to degrade feed protein. Feed protein degradation in the rumen 9 2.1.1. Keywords: 1977; 1978; ammonia; animals; bags; barley; concentrates; crude; degradability; diet; differences; effect; et al; feed; feed protein; feeding; grass; hay; hours; incubation; matter; meal; period; protein; protein degradation; rapeseed; rate; results; roughage; rumen; sample; sci; sheep; silage; solubility; soybean; table; time; vitro
• Influence of weather conditions during swath drying on the nutritive value of hay by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Virtanen, Erkki (1983) - Hay Drying Rain Moisture D-value F.u./ 1 ’ DCP time mm of hay % 100 g/ days % of DM kg Changes in the composition and solubility of hay during swath drying: C) rain commencing when hay dry Days Number Rain Moisture %of dry matter Dieestib. Keywords: changes; content; days; drying; grass; hay; losses; protein; rain; value; weather
• Extraction of leaf protein from green crops. Chemical composition and nutritive value of products of fractionation  by Näsi, Matti (1983) - % % of DM % % of DM % % of DM % % of DM Grass 1 7.34 1.77 24.1 1.34 19.0 0.59 8.1 2.92 39.8 Grass 2 3.45 1.00 29.0 0.68 19.6 0.34 9.8 0.65 18.9 Grass 3 6.85 1.35 19.7 1.27 18.5 0.40 5.8 3.18 46.4 Grass 4 5.30 1.42 26.8 1.26 23.8 0.31 5.9 1.70 32.0 Clover 1 7.24 1.44 19.9 1.27 17.5 0.86 11.8 1.69 23.3 Clover 2 7.72 1.78 23.1 1.40 18.3 0.74 9.7 1.75 22.7 Clover 3 7.41 1.55 20.9 1.60 21.6 0.94 12.7 1.87 25.3 Clover 4 6.98 1.34 19.2 1.58 22.6 0.91 13.0 2.00 28.6 CloverS 7.89 1.53 19.4 1.68 21.3 1.04 13.2 2.26 28.7 Clover 6 7.14 1.30 18.2 1.26 17.7 0.74 10.4 2.51 35.1 Pea 4.56 0.94 20.6 1.69 37.1 0.79 17.3 1.29 28.3 % % of DM % % of DM % % of DM Grass (5) mean 4.42 1.22 28.5 0.76 17.2 0.22 4.7 1.46 30.2 Clover (10) mean 5.87 1.43 24.3 0.76 12.9 0.21 3.6 1.66 28.4 Heat prec. Keywords: clover; composition; content; crop; grass; juice; leaf; leaf protein; lpc; mean; protein
• Leaf protein production from energy willow leaves by Näsi, Matti (1983) - % %in DM % %in DM % %in DM % %in DM S. cv. % protein protein soluble carbo- hydrates Fresh 5.3 - 18.7 24.2 22.0 17.7 No preservative 5.3 4.6 17.8 29.3 27.1 3.9 12.7 Formic acid 1.0 v/w % 3.5 3.5 18.9 24.8 22.7 19.3 1.1 HCI 0.5 % v/w 3.9 3.9 16.0 29.2 25.2 2.3 14.3 HCI 0.5 % v/w + Viher solution 0.2 % v/w 3.9 3.9 15.8 29.2 25.2 2.3 15.1 HCI 0.5 % v/w + Viher solution 0.4 % v/w 3.8 3.9 16.0 28.8 26.1 3.1 15.0 HCI 0.5 % v/w + Viher solution 0.6 % v/w 3.8 3.9 17.9 24.9 21.9 17.4 1.9 of methionine 1.3-1.7 g, corresponding to the values for grain. Keywords: aquatica; juice; leaf; leaves; protein
• Preservation of grass juice and wet leaf protein concentrate for animal feeds by Näsi, Matti (1983) - Anaerobic fermentation for coagulation of plant juice protein and preserva- tion of the protein and fibrous residues. % % mg/1 acid acid of DM of TP ratio storage Keywords: acid; aiv; juice; protein; solution; viher
• Feeding of high producing dairy cows according to rumen undegradable protein requirements in grass silage based diet by Setälä, Jouko; Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa; Poutiainen, Esko (1984) - Significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) the highest yields of FCM and milk protein were recorded for Group 2 (G2) in which the cows received protein supplementaccording to their UDP requirements. Using a factorial approach, conversion of protein absorbable in the small intestine to milk protein was calculated to be 66.5 ± 0.8 % when all the cows in three groups were taken into account. Keywords: comparison; cows; dcp; diet; group; meal; milk; period; protein; requirements; udp; weeks
• Ruminal degradation and in vivo digestibility of processed rapeseed meal by Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa; Pekkarinen, Eeva; Setälä, Jouko (1984) - The digestibility and nutritive value of rapeseed meal processed in different ways were studied with adult rams fed on alkali-treated straw. The results showed that in this case, when the level of feeding was set at about main- tenance, heat treatment did not improve the utilization of rapeseed meal. Keywords: digestibility; heat; meal; protein; rapeseed; rumen; urea
• In vitro evaluation of protein digestibility in the abomasum and small intestine of ruminants by Setälä, Jouko; Väätäinen, Hanna; Ettala, Terttu (1984) - In vitro evaluation of protein digestibility in the abomasum and small intestine of ruminants JOUKO SETÄLÄ, HANNA VÄÄTÄINEN 1 and TERTTU ETTALA Valio Finnish Co-operative Dairies’ Association, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 176, SF-00181 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Introduction In vitro tests of protein digestibility have mainly been used for non-ruminants. Keywords: digestibility; hci; hours; incubations; pepsin; protein
• Nutritive value and metabolic effects of whey protein concentrate and hydrolysed lactose for growing pigs by Näsi, Matti (1984) - Recent technological developments, such as enzymic hydrolysis of lactose, ultrafiltration and re- verse osmosis, allow concentration of the protein and reduction of the lactose and mineral contents, thus eliminating the prob- lems encountered when large amounts of whey are used in pig diets (Harju 1984). Use of dried whey in pig diets. Keywords: diets; lactose; pigs; protein; s.d; supplements; whey; wpc
• Effect of red clover/timothy ratio on the protein feeding value and the quality of silage by Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa; Pekkarinen, Eeva; Setälä, Jouko (1984) - During ensiling the decrease in the proportion of true protein in crude protein and the increase in the proportion of water- soluble N in total N were smaller in red clover than in timothy silage. Samples of the raw materials and different silages were subjected to the standard feed analyses and analysed for the properties used as criteria of the quality of silage, especially those of silage protein. Keywords: clover; herbage; protein; red; red clover; silage; timothy
• Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the protein quality of timothy grass and silage by Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa; Pekkarinen, Eeva; Setälä, Jouko (1984) - These re- sults confirm the earlier findings (Syrjälä- Qvist et al. 1984) that the higher is the pro- portion of true protein in crude protein and the lower the proportion of watersoluble N in total silage N, the slower is the degrada- tion of crude protein in the rumen. An increase in the rumen degra- dability of grass protein with an increasing N fertilization level has also been noted in another experiment (Möller 1981 ref. Keywords: fertilization; grass; protein; silage
• Distillers dried by-products from barley as protein source for ruminants by Näsi, Matti (1984) - Chemical composition of barley dried distillers grain (BDDG), barley dried distillers grain with solubles (BDDGS) and hay used in digestibility experiments. Digestibility coefficients of the diets including dried barley distillers grain (BDDG) or dried barley distil- lers grain with solubles (BDDGS) at two levels, 33 and 67 % diet of dry matter. Keywords: barley; bddg; distillers; grains; products; protein
• Evaluation of barley distillers dried grains with soluble, and condensed distillers solubles in the diet of growing pigs by Näsi, Matti (1984) - Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 56: 221—226, 1984 Evaluation of barley distillers dried grains with soluble, and condensed distillers solubles in the diet of growing pigs MATTI NÄSI University of Helsinki, Department of Animal Husbandry, SF-00710 HELSINKI 71, Finland Abstract. Enzyme supplementation of barley diets for broilers. Keywords: barley; diet; distillers; products; protein; solubles; values; wds
• Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley: 2. Ration digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep by Huhtanen, Pekka (1984) - Molar per cent of propionic acid was higher (P < 0.01) on DP and PAB diets than on ensiled barley diets, and molar per cent of butyric acid lower (P < 0.05) on DB than on AIVB or WMBI2 diets. The high proportion of butyric acid on ensiled barley diets may partly be explained by higher sugar content of ensiled barley than of dried barley. Keywords: acid; barley; corn; diets; exp; molasses; pab; protein; rumen; wood
• Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley: 3. Feeding value for growing cattle by Huhtanen, Pekka (1984) - Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 56: 275—282, 1984 Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley. Huhtanen, P. 1984 a. Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley. Keywords: animals; barley; exp; feed; molasses; protein; sci; wood
• The effect of supplementation of grass silage with rapeseed meal or Gasol-treated barley on the performance of growing cattle by Huhtanen, Pekka; Poutiainen, Esko; Mikkola, Timo (1985) - Degradability of silage crude protein was 84 %, much higher than values reported for formic acid silage in duodenum cannu- lated animals (Thomas et al. Thomas et al. (1980) did not observe any effect of barley supplement on the efficiency of microbial synthesis on formic acid silage diet. Keywords: acid; barley; diets; effect; meal; protein; rsm; rumen; silage
• Leaf protein from green pulse crops and nutritive value of legume protein concentrates for poultry by Näsi, Matti; Kiiskinen, Tuomo (1985) - Nutritive value of lupin-seed protein and leaf- mentation have improved the biological va- lue of LPC lucerne protein in a study with chicks (Hanczakowski et al. 1981). The true digestibility and biological value of the leaf protein con- centrates (LPC) obtained from some green crops have been found to be high when the Index words: Leaf protein, protein supplement, poultry nutrition, digestibility and metabolizable energy value 117 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=NhA2S_fOvznyzl5B.X7uIFkm9Y_IitwnZGTGyfw.hTBo0A8gWZoYHY6yCdimnHLgZpCHg5Ug2wdTrdx-5RxLq-qwOI4isIVg8clxz_bSgftdOm3WELK8T9T2TWgPs8jJcLupI5ZUcGfa-pMDQpKEKTP9pcj_UJI7ibClzaDotcRaAaF_QWLy17CGDwvxOhInm6SHAeHVZMYh2EacXZ0VRBG9CFC3wahoahw LPC was prepared under optimal conditions (Morris 1977, Pirie 1978). Keywords: clover; crop; crude; field; goat; leaf; lpc; pea; protein; values
• Factors affecting in sacco degradation of dry matter and crude protein in grass silage by Setälä, Jouko; Tesfa, Alem; Rauramaa, Aino; Poutiainen, Esko (1985) - Degradability-% of silage DM, N-free DM, and crude protein in sacco (96 silages). Factors affecting the energy and protein value of grass silage have intensively been studied in many countries. Keywords: content; crude; degradability; grass; matter; protein; silage
• PAG electrophoregrams of six Finnish potato cultivars by Sontag, Tuula; Salovaara, Hannu; Ulvinen, Osmo (1985) - The PAGE procedure used in the present study yielded reproducible protein separation and good resolution of protein bands for iden- tifying purposes of Finnish potato cultivars. Samples studied had specific soluble protein and esterase PAGE patterns, indicating that electrophoregrams can be used for identifying Finnish potato cultivars. Keywords: cultivars; electrophoregrams; gel; hankkijan; potato; protein; puikula; tuomas
• Gasol-treated barley for pigs by Alaviuhkola, Timo; Näsi, Matti (1985) - The vola- tile fatty acids of Gasol barley were deter- mined by gas-liquid chromatography. Nitrogen balance, protein utilization and amino acid apparent digestibilities of diets in which dried barley (DB) was replaced with Gasol preserved barley (GB). Keywords: acid; barley; feed; gasol; pigs; protein
• Replacing protein supplements in barley-based diets for growing pigs with free lysine and methionine by Näsi, Matti (1985) - The amino acid requirements pre- sented for growing pigs are 0.85—0.9 % for lysine, 0.55—0.6 % for SAA and 0.5 % for threonine (Salo et ai. 1982). Increased response of SAA in growing pig diets up to 0.60 % in feed have been found when one third originated from synthetic methionine (Berende and Bertram 1983). Keywords: acid; amino; diet; feed; lysine; pigs; protein
• Distillers feeds from various grains as protein sources for pigs by Näsi, Matti (1985) - The crude protein digestibilities of BDDG and WDDGS (73 —76 %) are quite promising and close to the value of barley protein (78 %). Digestibility coefficients of nutrients of barley diets containing distillery products and soybean meal as protein sources. Keywords: barley; bddg; diets; distillers; products; protein
• Rapeseed meal of low- and high-glucosinolate type fed to growing-finishing pigs by Näsi, Matti; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Suomi, Kaija (1985) - In the RSM’s originating from B. cam- pestris the crude protein content was 7 % units lower and the fat left in solvetizing was 10 °7o, the process thus differing between the various RSM’s (Table 1). Heat- treated RSM had a reduced lysine content, the available lysine being especially low, 2.6 g/16 g N vs. 4.1—4.2 in the other RSM’s. Keywords: digestibility; heat; lgrsm; meal; pigs; protein; rapeseed; rsm; sigga
• Nurmirehun sulavuuden arvioiminen raakakuitu- ja raakavalkuaispitoisuuden perusteella by Korva, J.; Tuori, M. (1986) - Jo 1950-luvulla esitettiin kai- kille märehtijöiden rehuille käyräviivainen lo- garitminen riippuvuus raakavalkuaispitoisuu- den ja CPD:n välillä (Glover ym. 1957). ja raakavalkuaispitoisuuksia vastaavat orgaanisen aineen ja raakavalkuaisen sulavuudet. Keywords: aineen; cpd; digestibility; esim; kivimäe; kuin; kuva; omd; orgaanisen; protein; raakavalkuaisen; salo; sulavuus
• Environmental and genetic variation in protein content of peas under northern growing conditions and breeding implications by Karjalainen, Reijo; Kortet, Salme (1987) - Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 59: I—9, 1987 Environmental and genetic variation in protein content of peas under northern growing conditions and breeding implications REIJO KARJALAINEN and »SALME KORTET Departments of Plant Pathology and Plant Breeding, University of Helsinki SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland *Department of Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, SF-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Abstract. Association of protein content in peas with climatic factors was studied on data based on official cultivar trials at six locations in southern Finland in 1978—1985. Keywords: content; häm; july; kjo; kvo; kym; lou; protein; protein content; variation
• Immunogold cytochemistry in plant virus research, A review by Oxelfelt, Per; Tomenius, Karin (1987) - Applications The first reports on the use of immunogold cytochemistry in the study of plant viruses ap- peared in 1983. After applying the gold-IgG complex they found strong uniform specific labelling over crystal- line aggregates of virus particles. Keywords: antibodies; cells; gold; langenberg; mosaic; plant; protein; virus
• Effects of dietary supplement of methionine and lysine on blood parameters and fur quality in blue fox during low-protein feeding by Työppönen, Jouko; Berg, Hans; Valtonen, Maija (1987) - The present paper describes an experiment where the possible beneficial effects of supplemental 355 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=hmi9RWLuw_GAxKBc._SqVlbi9eILyAZ-3GiPF3Q.eJ49LeJ5auHXXr-pojRhKmqi5yiLJPLwbXagQM2icfqG0YVBdt3lgbvOUgQLz2IL-VBxz9Jx9fWVUyH0BxRJOjp-TeKdcECNmk_rUWa15fF6KsQMYC-lqhu6vDq4h1PZ4FRb6hglcgihrM2oQELn7AiAY_PvhR4fj0RVMXWXjlWX-pu6DN8r2W3SigkR5QojgDF9RKpcCDS2lG_VMhFs67ilzR1fbg methionine and lysine were studied in blue fox fed with diets of low protein content. This is probably due to metabolic adapta- tion to lowered dietary protein content as previously shown to occur in rats (Das & Waterlow 1974). Keywords: control; fur; groups; methionine; plasma; protein; table; työppönen
• Initial material for solving the main problems encountered in breeding winter rye in the northwestern zone of the USSR by Kobylyanskij, V. D. (1988) - In recent years, based on short-strawed ana- logues of rye varieties and forms, reliable sources of resistance to grain germination in the ear were created. Short-strawed analogues of winter rye varieties best for grain quality. Keywords: breeding; content; grain; protein; resistance; rust; rye; straw; varieties; winter
• Breeding of field bean (Vicia faba L.) with early maturity by Hovinen, Simo (1988) - The production of field bean seeds was considered a means of substituting for imported protein feed sources. High seed yield is the prerequisite for high protein yield, the amount of which is the measure of protein productivity. Keywords: bean; breeding; field; growing; lines; mikko; protein; seed; ukko; varieties; variety
• Industrial amino acids in diets for piglets and growing pigs by Inborr, J.; Suomi, K. (1988) - Equal performance of growing pigs has also been reported by Easter and Baker (1983), Russell et al. (1983) and Hanrahan (1987) when low protein diets were fortified with syn- thetic amino acids to achieve levels equivalent to those in the corresponding high protein control diets. The response of early weaned pigs to suboptimal protein diets supplementedwith synthetic lysine. Keywords: acids; amino; content; diets; feed; lysine; performance; piglets; pigs; protein; treatment; trial
• The effect of enzyme treatment of cooked barley and supplementation of piglet diets on the digestibility of barley and piglet performance by Inborr, J.; Näsi, M.; Suomi, K. (1988) - The effect of enzyme treatment of cooked barley and supplementation of piglet diets on the digestibility of barley and piglet performance J. INBORR M. NÄSI 2 and K. SUOMI’ 1 Finnish Sugar Co. Ltd., Finnfeeds Ltd., Forum House, Brighton Road, Redhill, Surrey RHI 6YS, England University of Helsinki, Department of Animal Husbandry, Viikki, 07100 Helsinki, Finland 3 Agricultural Research Centre, Swine Research Station, SF-05840 Hyvinkää, Finland Abstract. In performance trials, enzyme supplementa- tion of barley based diets have improved the feeding value of the diets for pigs (Collier and Hardy, 1986; Newman, 1983). Keywords: barley; content; diets; digestibility; enzyme; feed; performance; piglets; pigs; protein; table; treatment; trial; values
• Evaluating barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch production in diets of ruminants by Näsi, Matti (1988) - Evaluating barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch production in diets of ruminants MATTI NÄSI University of Helsinki, Department of Animal Husbandry, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Index words: barley, starch-ethanol production, barley feed fractions, digestibility, ruminant Introduction Conventional distillers’ feeds are products resulting from the yeast fermentationof whole cereal grains. Keywords: barley; ethanol; feed; fibre; fractions; hulls; molasses; process; production; protein; starch
• Finnish animal production research during the past 20 years by Poutiainen, Esko; Näsi, Matti; Mäki-Tanila, Asko (1989) - In Finland, animal breeding research and development work is done in close co- operation between research and extension or- ganisations, industry also provides some pro- ject funding. Of a total productive area of 2.2 million hectares, around 1.0 million hectares are used for feed grain production. Keywords: animal; breeding; dairy; feeding; production; protein; research; silage
• Barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch process in diets of pigs by Näsi, Matti (1989) - Carcass quality was inferior (P<0.05) in pigs fed barley protein but higher in pigs receiving barley fibre diets. The products examined were barley protein, (375 g CP/kg), barley fibre (166 CP and 653 NDF), barley molasses (298 CP) and distillers solubles (333 CP); their respec- tive digestibilities for OM were 0.895, 0.633, 0.864 and 0.834 and for CP 0.910, 0.577, 0.809 and 0.851. Keywords: barley; barley fibre; barley protein; diets; digestibility; expt; feed; fibre; fractions; pigs; protein
• By-products from integrated starch-ethanol production from barley in the diets of growing cattle by Huhtanen, Pekka; Näsi, Matti; Khalili, Hannele (1989) - High per- formance on barley fibre diets in spite of reduced estimated energy intake may be the result of improved forage digestibility, changes in the rumen fermentation pattern or nutrient partitioning. Higher molar proportion of propionate of rumen VFA with barley fibre diets than with barley diets (Huhtanen, unpublished) may have provided more precursors (NADPH 2 and glycerol phosphate) for the conversion of ace- tate to fatty acids, which could explain the higher efficiency of utilization of ME with barley fibre diets. Keywords: barley; barley protein; cattle; diet; energy; experiment; fibre; gain; meal; protein; silage
• Digestibility and protein utilization responses of soybean and rape seed meal to physical and enzymatic treatments in diets for growing pigs by Näsi, Matti (1991) - Index words: soybean meal, rapeseed meal, processing, enzymes, digestibility, pig Introduction Protein supplementation in pig diets is mainly based on oilseed meals while the use of fish meal is avoided due to its negative ef- fects on meat quality. Proper processing is of great importance in order to ensure the nutri- tional value of soybean meal (SBM) and rape seed meal (RSM) for pig diets. Keywords: diets; digestibility; enzyme; feed; meals; pigs; processing; protein; sbm; soybean
• Effects of thermal processing on digestibility and protein utilization of rapeseed meal of medium and low glucosinolate type in diets for growing pigs by Näsi, Matti; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka (1991) - The GL-reduction treatment used removed 0.68 of the original GL, while Opex treated RSM’s had 0.33 to 0.45 lower total GL- content than untreated RSM’s. 2. RSM’s treated for ru- minant escape protein had the same or better digestibility than untreated RSM’s; pooled average values being 0.669 vs. 0.680 for OM and 0.746 vs. 0.757 for CP, respectively. Keywords: digestibility; meal; opex; pigs; protein; rapeseed; rsm
• Effects of feed fat on the composition and technological properties of milk and milk fat by Kankare, Veikko; Antila, Veijo; Miettinen, Harri; Setälä, Jouko (1992) - Key words: dairy cow, fatty acid composition, milk yield, proteincomposition, quality of butter, quality of cheese, rapeseed oil Introduction Especially during the winter, milk fat produced in Finland is extremely saturated and hard. As a result, and because of the large amounts of myristic (C |4 saturated) and palmitic acid (C ]6 saturated) it contains, milk fat is considered an atherogenic fat which fails to meet the technological demands of the processing industry. Keywords: composition; content; dairy; fat; feed; feeding; milk; period; protein; research; test
• Supplementation of native grass hay with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) hay, wilted leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) forage, wilted tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) forage or a wheat middling for young Friesian x Zebu (Boran) crossbred steers by Varvikko, Tuomo; Khalili, Hannele; Crosse, Seamus (1992) - Grass hay diets were unsupplemented (H) or supplemented with wheat middling (W), cowpea hay (C), wilted leucaena forage (L) or wilted tagasaste forage (T). A 100-day experiment ofa randomized block design was conducted with forty Friesian x Zebu (Boran) crossbred growing steers to compare the value of wheat middling, an agro-industrial by-product (diet W), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) hay (diet C), and wilted forages of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala, diet L) and tagasaste (Chamaecy- tisus palmensis, diet T) as cattle feed. Keywords: cowpea; diet; feed; forage; hay; leucaena; middling; protein; tagasaste; weight; wheat
• Effect of concentrate supplementation to grass silage diets on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in growing heifers by Aronen, Ilmo; Vanhatalo, Aila (1992) - In feed 101.7 105.2 105.2 110.4 3.05 NS N S NS At duodenum Total N 105.2 81.4 89.3 90.2 8.41 NS NS NS Ammonia N 3.6 2.4 2.9 2.3 0.39 o NS NS NAN 101.6 79.0 86.4 87.9 8.30 NS NS NS Microbial N 50.2 43.3 45.6 45.0 6.88 NS NS NS Feed N 2l 44.1 28.3 33.4 35.6 4.06 * NS NS In faeces 27.4 25.6 29.4 29.2 1.66 NS NS NS Apparent digestibility 0.729 0.750 0.716 0.732 0.0130 NS NS NS DegradabilityoffeedN 56.1 72.3 68.9 67.2 0.039 * NS NS Microbial N kg ' OMADR33» 27.9 23.2 23.1 22.4 4.55 NS NS NS Microbial N kg ' OMTDR3) 21.2 17.9 18.1 17.8 2.96 NS NS NS Microbial N kg ' DCHO41 25.3 20.2 21.1 20.5 3.28 NS NS NS Liquid dilution rate (l/h) 0.114 0.055 0.071 0.063 0.0086 Effect of concentrate supplementation to grass silage diets on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in growing heifers IlmoAronen and Aila Vanhatalo Aronen, I. & Vanhatalo, A. 1992.Effect of concentrate supplementation to grass silage diets on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in growing heifers. Keywords: agric; barley; concentrates; diet; digestibility; digestion; effect; feed; grass; grass silage; meal; protein; rumen; silage
• The nutritive value of industrial by-products for poultry by Kiiskinen, Tuomo (1992) - Metabolizable energy values and digestibility of some protein sources for poultry. Dried barley protein (BP 1, CP 38 %), oats protein (CP 44 %) and distillers’ solids (CP 58 %) from the integrated ethanol starch process, as well as dehulled barley and oats proved to be excellent energy feeds containing AMEn 14.9, 18.6, 15.0, 14.2 and 14.6 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Keywords: barley; diets; energy; protein; starch; table; values
• Protein utilization responses of growing pigs to supplemental lysine as liquid versus crystalline form in barley-barley protein diet by Näsi, Matti (1992) - Hankahan (1989) found the plateau region of lysine response as high as the 11 g/kg increment when daily gain and feed con- version were the criteria. The responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine, as free lysine hydrochloride or in soy-bean meal, and the influence of food intake. Keywords: amino; barley; diets; liquid; lysine; pigs; protein; retention; supplementation
• Evaluation of undehydrated barley feed fractions and dried oat feed fractions from integrated starch-ethanol process in diets of growing pigs by Näsi, Matti; Aimonen, Erkki (1992) - BP showed higher protein digestibility than DS (0.931 vs. 0.857) and pigs on BP-diet retained more N than on DS-diet. BP showed higher protein digestibility than DS but organic matter and ether extract digest- ibilities were quite similar in both protein sources. Keywords: barley; diet; digestibility; feed; fibre; fractions; oat; pigs; process; protein
• Genetic engineering: An additional tool for plant improvement by Jain, S. Mohan; Oker-Blom, Christian; Pehu, Eija; Newton, R. J. (1992) - 1985,Shah et al. 1986, Stalker et al. 1988; Stre- ber and Willmitzer 1989,D’Halluin et al. 1992), isopentyl transferase (Smigocki and Owens 1988), insect resistance from B. thuringiensis (Vaeck et al. 1987,Delannay et al. 1989,Perlak et al. 1990, Cheng et al. 1992), insect pest resistance due to cowpea trypsin inhibitors coding for proteinase inhibitors (Hilder et al. 1987, 1989), fungal pro- tection (Logemann et al. 1992), virus coat protein (Beachy et al. 1990, Powell et al. 1986, 1989, 1990, Kawchuk et al. 1990, Kallerhoff et al. 1990,Ehlers et al. 1991, Gielen et al. 1991), pol- len development (Mariani et al. 1990), phaseolin gene (Chee et al. 1986, Sengupta-Gopalan et al. 1985), methionine-rich seed protein from Brazil nut (Altenbach et al. 1992), yeast ornithine de- carboxylase gene for increasing plant secondary product nicotine (Hamill et al. 1990 a), chalcone synthase gene (Doernhr et al. 1990) and cold res- istance (Kurkela and Franck 1990). Potential for exploiting plant genes to genetically engineer insect resistance, exemplified by the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene. Keywords: agrobacterium; antisense; appi; biol; biotech; cell; crop; dna; et al; expression; gene; insect; markers; mol; pcr; plant; protein; resistance; rflp; rna; sci; theor; tobacco; transfer; transformation; transgenic; virus
• Barley β-amylase and β-glucanase activities at germination in vulgare-type lines from backcrosses of wild, spontaneum strains with cv. Adorra by Ahokas, Hannu; Erkkilä, Maria J. (1992) - The high protein contents of wild barleys seemingly lower the activities when calculated for protein and compared with domesticated barley which has some 50% of the protein content of wild barley (Table 1). Formation of proteinase inhibitors in deve- loping barley grain. Keywords: activity; agric; ahokas; amylase; barley; glucanase; grain; protein; spontaneum
• Beef production as influenced by stage of maturity of grass for silage and level and type of supplementary concentrates by Aronen, Ilmo; Toivonen, Vesa; Ketoja, Elise; Öfversten, Jukka (1992) - This difference dimin- ished in the course of the experiment (pKeywords: brsm; bulls; concentrate; cut; diet; digestibility; effect; experiment; feeding; grass; grass silage; intake; level; protein; silage; stage
• Effects of grinding, pelleting and expanding on nutritive value of barley in pig diets by Näsi, Matti (1992) - In contrast to this, the daily gain was slightly inferior in pigs fed expanded barley compared to untreated ones. Effects of grinding, pelleting and expanding on nutritive value of barley in pig diets. Keywords: barley; digestibility; effect; feed; grinding; hammer; pelleting; pigs; protein
• Ensiled slaughter offal as a protein source for growing pig by Partanen, Kirsi; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Näsi, Matti (1992) - in urine, g/d 14.8 16,4 18.3 21.2 13,9 16.1 18.3 18.8 0.44 * *** NS NS NS N retained, g/d 10.7 15.2 16.4 22.6 10.3 14.8 19.8 23.2 0.89 NS *** NS NS NS -ofintake 0.310 0.373 0.361 0.411 0.317 0.366 0.417 0.432 0.0139 NS *** NS NS NS -ofabsorbed 0.420 0.480 0.463 0.517 0.424 0.479 0.521 0.548 0.0178 NS *** NS NS NS -g/kgW0' 75 0.52 0.75 0.79 1.13 0.52 0.73 0.97 1.12 0.05 NS *** NS NS NS Urea-N, g/d 11,2 14.6 14.5 17.9 12.9 12.6 15.8 19.4 1.46 NS *** NS NS NS -g/kgW075 0.54 0.72 0.72 0.89 0.65 0.62 0.78 0.97 0.08 NS *** NS NS NS Biological value 0.552 0.584 0.557 0.591 0.558 0.583 0.606 0.623 0.0153 NS*** NS NS NS Weight gain, g/d 464 597 771 758 628 636 957 1007 79.3 * *** NS NS NS ESO = ensiled slaughter offal, Diet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Statistical significance Protein supplement ESO-O ESO-20 ESO-40 ESO-60 SBM-0 SBM-20 SBM-40 SBM-60 SEM Cl C 2 C 3 C 5 C6 CP, g/kg DM 105 125 145 165 105 125 145 165 Dry matter, g/d 2077 2077 1961 2152 1978 2066 2109 2080 56.4 NS NS NS NS NS Organic matter 1978 1971 1855 2029 1884 1963 2000 1971 53.2 NS NS NS NS NS Ash 99 106 106 123 94 103 110 113 3.2 NS *** NS NS NS Crude protein 215 254 277 344 202 252 297 333 8.8 NS *** NS NS NS Crude fat 60 114 155 221 56 63 70 73 7.3 *** *** NS *** NS Crude fibre 85 86 83 92 81 89 96 99 2.3 * *** NS ** NS Nitrogen-free extract 1618 1518 1340 1371 1545 1559 1537 1466 37.6 * *** NS * NS Amino acids, g/d Lysine 8.1 10.0 11.2 14.2 7.6 10.5 13.1 15.4 0.36 * *** NS *NS Methionine 3.6 4.3 4.6 5.7 3.4 4.2 4.9 5.4 0.15 NS *** NS NS NS Cystine 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.8 4.4 5.2 5.9 6.5 0.14 ** *** NS ** Keywords: acid; amino; content; diets; digestibility; eso; meal; offal; pigs; protein; slaughter
• The effect of supplementation of liquid and crystalline lysine to barley-distillers solids diet on the performance and carcass quality of pigs by Valaja, Jarmo (1992) - The eye muscle area of the high lysine pigs was significant- ly larger than that of low lysine pigs (p<0.001). There- fore it took on average 9.1 days longer for the pigs on low lysine diets to reach the final weight of 95 kg compared to the pigs on high lysine diets. Keywords: barley; crystalline; diets; distillers; feed; liquid; lysine; performance; pigs; protein; solids
• Nutritive value of wet distillers' solubles for pigs by Valaja, Jarmo; Näsi, Matti (1995) - Cl = protein source (DSB diets vs. SBM diets), C 2 = protein level (131 vs. 162 g CP kg ' DM) and C 3 = interaction Cl * C2. intake of the experimental diets was 2406 g/day, being higher for the pigs on SBM diets than for those on DSB diets (pcO.OI; 2435 and 2377 g/ day, respectively), because the number ofobser- vations on the diets was unequal. Keywords: agricultural; barley; diets; digestibility; distillers; dsb; pigs; protein; sbm
• Effects of plant species and harvesting system on grassland production in northern Finland by Nissinen, Oiva; Hakkola, Heikki (1995) - Meadow grass, too endures many harvests dur- ing the growing period better than timothy (Grönneröd 1972, Landström 1978). The yield of meadow grass has not markedly decreased with an increase in age (Landström 1978, Hagsand and Landström 1984). Keywords: clover; fescue; grass; meadow; meadow fescue; pasture; plant; protein; red; rovaniemi; ruukki; silage; species; swards; timothy; yields
• Reducing crude protein content with supplementation of synthetic lysine and threonine in barley - rapeseed meal - pea diets for growing pigs by Valaja, Jarmo; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Suomi, Kaija (1993) - Reducing crude protein content with supplementation of synthetic lysine and threonine in barley - rapeseed meal - pea diets for growing pigs Jarmo Valaja, Timo Alaviuhkola and Kaija Suomi Valaja, J., Alaviuhkola, T. & Suomi, K. 1993. Reducing crude protein content with supplementation of synthetic lysine and threonine in barley - rapeseed meal - pea diets for growing pigs. Keywords: acids; amino; carcass; content; diets; lysine; nitrogen; pigs; protein
• Milk peptides; effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of sodium caseinate by Haque, Zahur U.; Antila, Pirkko (1993) - Influence of milk peptides in determining the func- tionality of milk priteins: Areview. Emulsifying properties of food proteins: effect of milk peptides on the emulsifying activ- ity of delipidated milk proteins and -lactoglobulin Milchwissenschaft 43: 236. & Mozaffar, Z. 1992a. Keywords: activity; cas; casein; cheese; dairy; effect; enzyme; milk; neu; peptides; protein
• Comparison of diets based on grass silage, hay or oat straw supplemented with four levels of concentrates in the feeding of growing Ayrshire bulls by Aronen, Ilmo; Lampila, Martti; Hepola, Helena (1994) - On grass silage feeding, the first kg of concen- trates decreased grass silage intake by 0.25 kg DM/kg of concentrate DM, the second by 0.70 kg and the third by 0.56kg. Daily supplements of concentrates were 0,1, 2 or 3 kg on grass silage feeding, 1,2, 3 or 4 kg on hay feeding and 2,3, 4 or 5 kg on straw feeding. Keywords: carcass; concentrates; effect; feeding; gain; grass; hay; intake; protein; silage; straw
• Comparison of different protein evaluation systems for growing pigs: Digestible crude protein, and total, faecal digestible and ileal digestible amino acid intakes as performance response predictors by Valaja, Jarmo (1994) - Digestible crude protein 0.190 0.431’ Total amino acids -0.085 0.188 -0.093 0.150 lysine 0.808‘ -0.302 -0.68V -0.564 0.612 0.606 methionine 0.683’” -0.065 -0.418’ -0.272 0.321 0.384 threonine 0.571” 0.038 -0.214 0.120 -0.079 -0.143 Faecal digestible amino acids' lysine 0.812* -0.263 -0.626 -0.490* 0.574 0.606 methionine 0.687* -0.095 -0.414* -0.274 0.324 0.373° threonine 0.671* -0.035 -0.316 0.016 0.072 0.018 Ileal digestible amino acids 2 lysine 0.867' -0.505' -0.731' -0.700' 0.646 0.627 methionine 0.731' -0.265 -0.500' -0.445' 0.385° 0.407° threonine 0.706' -0.151 -0.341 -0.088 The feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05), and the thick- ness of back (BF) (p < 0.001) and side fat (SF) (p < 0.001) correlated highly with ileal digestible lysine intake. Keywords: acid; amino; digestibility; ileal; intakes; lysine; meal; performance; pigs; protein; total
• Whey pretreatments before ultrafiltration by Tupasela, Tuomo; Koskinen, Heikki; Antila, Pirkko (1994) - I. MF trials with differently treated edam wheys. Industrial fractionation of main whey proteins. Keywords: heat; microfiltration; permeate; protein; trials; ultrafiltration; whey
• Supplementation of pig starter diets with carbohydrate-degrading enzymes - stability, activity and mode of action by Inborr, Johan (1994) - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1 Stability and activity of supplementary enzymes Based on the p-glucanase assay of the pelleted feed samples, enzyme activity decreased with increasing conditioning times and temperatures (Figure 1, I). If intestinal amylases are added to this a 20% reduction in enzyme activity may repre- sent approximately 2 g protein or 5 per cent of the daily protein retention of pigs during the post- weaning period. Keywords: activities; activity; animal; assay; barley; bedford; broiler; chickens; concentration; conditioning; conditions; content; control; diets; digesta; digesta viscosity; digestibility; digestion; effect; enzyme; enzyme activity; enzyme supplementation; et al; experiment; fed; feed; feed enzyme; feeding; fibre; gain; glucanase; graham; high; hours; inborr; intestine; low; matter; method; nutrient; nutrition; pelleting; performance; pigs; protein; results; samples; science; stability; standard; starch; stomach; substrate; table; technology; temperature; time; total; tract; treatment; values; viscosity; weight; wheat; xylanase
• Lysine supplementation of barley wet distillers’ solids diets for growing-finishing pigs by Valaja, Jarmo; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Rantanen, Asko (1996) - The side fat thickness of the pigs on SBM diet was larger than that of the pigs on WDS diet containing lysine 9.2 g/FU (p < 0.05) and the area of the longissimus dorsi muscle was smaller than that of the pigs on WDS diets con- taining lysine 9.2 or 10.7 g/FU (p < 0.05). SBM WDS WDS WDS Linear Quadr. Keywords: diets; distillers; lysine; pigs; protein; sbm; science; valaja; wds
• Effects of physical treatment of barley and rapeseed meal in dairy cows given grass silage-based diets by Huhtanen, Pekka; Heikkilä, Terttu (1996) - Control Untreated RSM Treated RSM Significance of effect 1 UB TB UB TB UB TB SEM B R RT BxRBxRT Milk energy (ME/d) 89.2 83.6 93.0 91.8 93.8 92.0 0.98 *** *** NS * NS Maintenance (MJ/d) 54.4 54.3 54.7 55.0 55.0 55.1 0.16 NS *** NS NS NS Utilization of ME2 0.533 0.539 0.555 0.552 0.537 0.562 0.007 o * NS NS o Utilization of ME’ 0.616 0.638 0.617 0,619 0.591 0.634 0,006 ** NS NS NS * AAT requirement 1625 1545 1680 1665 1693 1668 13.9 ** *** NS ** NS Utilization ofAAT4 0.610 0.636 0.627 0.628 0.585 0.615 0.006 *** o *** NS * Utilization ofAAT5 0.616 0.664 0.617 0.633 0.600 0,647 0,006 *** ** NS NS * 1 Significance of orthogonal contrasts: B = effect of barley treatment, R = effect of RSM supplementation, RT = effect of RSM treatment, B x R = interaction between barley treatment and RSM supplementation and B x RT = interaction between barley treatment and RSM treatment, o P < 0.10, * P<0.05, ** PKeywords: barley; cows; effect; intake; milk; protein; rsm; silage; supplementation; treatment
• Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in wet wheat protein and soya bean meal for growing pigs by Mäkinen, Markku; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka (1996) - Apparent ileal digestibility, % Total tract digestibility, % WP diet SBM diet SEM Significance WP diet SBM diet SEM Significance Dry matter 83.3 83.3 2.12 NS 91.1 92.4 0.64 NS Organic matter 85.0 85.5 2.07 NS 92.6 94.2 0.65 NS Dprulfr HkflMinnncauiu aim uuv,uw Ul Chemical composition As compared with SBM, WP protein was rela- lively poor in lysine and threonine but rich in sulphur-containing amino acids (Table 2). Keywords: acids; amino; diets; digestibility; pigs; protein; sbm; science; starch; wheat
• Effects of gradual replacement of rapeseed cake with linseed cake in a grass silage-based diet for dairy cows by Rinne, Marketta; Jaakkola, Seija; Järvi, Matti; Huhtanen, Pekka (1997) - Milk fat content increased (P<0.05) by 3.4 g/kg but milk protein content tended to decrease (P<(). Linseed protein has been found to degrade rapidly in the rumen (Ber- tilsson et al. 1994, Moss and Givens 1994), a conclusion we also reached. Keywords: acid; cake; composition; content; cows; diet; linseed; milk; production; protein; rapeseed; rumen; science; silage
• Effects of composite casein and β-lactoglobulin genotypes on renneting properties and composition of bovine milk by assuming an animal model by Ikonen, Tiina; Ojala, Matti; Syväoja, Eeva-Liisa (1997) - Various models have been applied for esti- mating milk protein genotype effects. The effects of milk protein genotypes on ren- neting properties have been estimated by a least squares method (e.g., Tervala et al. 1985, Pag- nacco and Caroli 1987,Davoli et al. 1990, Keywords: casein; composition; cows; effect; fay; ffr; finnish; genotypes; milk; properties; protein; renneting
• Effects of variety, soil type and nitrogen fertilizer supply on the nutritive value of barley for growing pigs by Valaja, Jarmo; Suomi, Kaija; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Mela, Timo (1997) - Fuller et al. (1989) found higher apparent ileal ami- no acid digestibilities in high protein than in low protein barley varieties. However, the quality of barley protein is not optimal for pigs since the content ofessential amino acids, lysine and thre- onine in particular, is very low. Keywords: arra; barley; content; diets; digestibility; pigs; protein; soil; value
• Utilisation of reactive lysine from meat and bone meals of different ash content by growing-finishing pigs by Partanen, Kirsi; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka; Alaviuhkola, Timo; van Gilse van der Pals, Nina (1998) - Avail- ability of lysine in meat meal, meat and bone meal and blood meal as determined by the slope-ratio as- say with growing pigs, rats and chicks and by chem- ical techniques. Meat meal in the diet of the early-weaned pig. Keywords: acid; ash; bone; bone meal; content; diets; fat; lysine; meal; meat; pigs; protein; sbm; science
• Contribution of modern biotechnology of lactic acid bacteria to development of health-promoting foods by Palva, Airi (1998) - In L. brevis, in contrast only one sip gene is present (Palva et al. 1992). L. brevis is a hetero- fermentative lactic acid bacterium commonly found in vegetable fermentations, sour dough, silage and the intestine of humans and animals (Wood 1992). Keywords: acid; activity; bacteria; brevis; delbrueckii; et al; expression; food; gene; helveticus; lab; lactis; lactobacillus; palva; protein; sequence; slpa; subsp
• Effects of and interactions between the extent of silage fermentation and protein supplementation in lactating dairy cows by Heikkilä, Terttu; Toivonen, Vesa; Huhtanen, Pekka (1998) - 60 SEM Silage FA I FA I FA I Silage FMlin Silage x Silage x FM, FM .Iin quad C 4 57 55 55 51 57 C 6 31 31 31 30 31 C 8 17 18 18 18 18 ClO 37 41 40 42 38 Cl 2 42 47 46 49 44 C 133 141 141 143 13514 C , 18 19 18 19 1814:1 C 4 C l 4 | total 335 352 349 352 338 Cl 6 322 314 295 317 313322 314 295 317 313 Cl6;| 24 24 25 24 24 Clgo 106 102 106 100 101 Clg:1 180 176 184 170 182 C 18;2 23 22 24 22 24 54 1.2 * NS * NS NS 31 0.6 NS NS NS NS NS 18 0.4 NS NS NS NS NS 44 1.3 ** NS NS NS NS 52 1.6 *** NS NS NS NS 149 2.3 *** NS NS NS o 19 0.3 ** NS NS NS NS 368 6.1 ** NS NS NS o 306 7.0 NS NS NS NS * 25 0.5 NS NS NS NS NS 90 2.7 * * NS NS NS 169 5.4 * NS NS NS NS 22 0.7 ** NS NS NS NS 1 Significance: NS (P>0.10), o (P<0.10), * (P<0.05), ** (P<0.01), *** (PcO.OOl) Silage fermentation acids have limit- ed value as an energy source for rumen microbes (Chamberlain 1987),and increased fermentation in the silo has resulted in a reduced efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (Jaakkola et al. 1991, 1993, Robertson et al. 1993). Keywords: acid; content; cows; et al; fermentation; intake; milk; protein; science; silage; supplementation
• Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion in lactating dairy cows by Shingfield, Kevin J.; Offer, Nicholas W. (1998) - Daily mean Ps/c ratios could account for only half of the variation in daily urinary pseudouridine excretion largely due to between-cow variations in creatinine excre- tion. Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion in lactating dairy cows Kevin J. Shingfield Grassland and Ruminant Science Department, SAC Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 SHW, United Kingdom , Current address: Agricultural Research Centre ofFinland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: kevin.shingfield@mtt.fi Nicholas. Keywords: collection; cows; creatinine; daily; excretion; mean; protein; pseudouridine; ratios; sampling; science; spot; urine
• Barley fibre and wet distillers’ solubles in the diet of growing cattle by Root, Tarja; Huhtanen, Pekka (1998) - Current address: Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Twenty-eight bulls were used in a 3 x 2 factorial design to study the effects of two by-products from the integrated starch-ethanol process, barley fibre and distillers’ solubles, as supplements for grass silage. The three energy supplements were barley (B), a mixture (1:1 on a dry matter (DM) basis) of barley and barley fibre (BF), and barley fibre (F), fed without (DS-) or with (DS+) wet distillers’ solubles (200 g kg' 1 concentrate on DM basis). Keywords: barley; barley fibre; cattle; distillers; energy; fibre; huhtanen; intake; protein; silage; solubles
• Effect of dietary crude protein and energy content on nitrogen utilisation, water intake and urinary output in growing pigs by Valaja, Jarmo; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka (1998) - The mean CP con- tent of high protein diets was 37 g/kg DM high- er than that of low protein diets. CP contents of the low protein (Diets 1 and 3) and high protein diets (Diets 2 and 4) were very close to each other (Table 1). Keywords: amino; content; diets; energy; excretion; intake; pigs; protein; science; water
• Distillers feeds and feed fractions of barley in the diets of laying hens by Näsi, Matti (1990) - In the present study only methionine was added in barley DDGS diets and only lysine in the wheat DDGS diet which had lower lysine content in oder to obtain con- tents of the layers requirements. Egg yolk colour was significantly lighter in hens fed barley protein compared to control and also in enzyme-treated group com- pared to untreated (PcO.Ol). Keywords: barley; ddgs; diets; distillers; egg; eggs; feed; fibre; hens; lysine; performance; production; protein
• Performance in blue fox (Vulpes lagopus) fed low-protein diets supplemented with DL-methionine and L-histidine by Ylinen, Vappu; Pylkkö, Päivi; Peura, Jussi; Tuomola, Essi; Valaja, Jarmo (2018) - Effects of replacing rapeseed meal with fava bean at 2 concentrate crude protein levels on feed intake, nutrient digestion, and milk production in cows fed grass silage–based diets. Key words: fur animal, protein level, amino acids, growth, pelt size, pelt quality Introduction Keywords: amino; dcp; diets; p20; pelt; protein; trial
• Legume seeds and rapeseed press cake as substitutes for soybean meal in sow and piglet feed by Hanczakowska, Ewa; Swiatkiewicz, Malgorzata (2013) - An adverse effect of pea in piglet feed was found also by Valencia et al. (2008). In yellow lupine we found high protein content (398 g kg-1), higher than that found by Sudzinova et al. (2009), 313 g kg-1 or Martinez-Villaluenga et al. (2006), 370 g kg-1. Keywords: content; day; feed; group; lupine; piglets; protein; rapeseed; sows
• Performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley silage with or without protein supplementation relative to a grass silage-based diet by Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi (2013) - Effects of replacing grass silage with barley silage in dairy cow diets. In addition, recent advances in plant breeding, agronomic practices and forage conservation technologies are expanding opportunities for these alternative crops (Wallsten 2008) and nowadays small-grain cereals are widely used as whole crop silages for animal feed in temperate climates. Keywords: barley; barley silage; bulls; carcass; crop; crop barley; diets; grass; grass silage; huuskonen; protein; science; silage; supplementation
• The nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of two cricket species - Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus by Ritvanen, Tiina; Pastell, Helena; Welling, Annikki; Raatikainen, Marja; Ritvanen, Tiina (2020) - n=18, except n=9 for cysteine, methionine, tyrosine and tryptophan House cricket Field cricket g 100g-1 mg g-1 protein g 100g-1 mg g-1 protein Alanine 1.35 ± 0.17 83 1.93 ± 0.31 90 Arginine 0.89 ± 0.10 54 1.14 ± 0.10 53 Asparagine + Aspartic acid 1.37 ± 0.17 84 1.97 ± 0.32 92 Cysteine 0.15 ± 0.02 8.9 0.16 ± 0.03 7.4 Glutamine + Glutamic acid 1.98 ± 0.20 120 2.44 ± 0.29 114 Glycine 0.93 ± 0.10 57 1.24 ± 0.18 58 Histidine 0.38 ± 0.04 23 0.52 ± 0.05 24 Isoleucine 0.69 ± 0.07 42 0.92 ± 0.08 43 Leucine 1.22 ± 0.13 75 1.65 ± 0.14 77 Lysine 0.97 ± 0.13 59 1.14 ± 0.15 53 Methionine 0.30 ± 0.03 18 0.35 ± 0.03 16 Phenylalanine 0.63 ± 0.06 39 0.74 ± 0.10 34 Proline 1.00 ± 0.09 61 1.25 ± 0.09 58 Serine 0.68 ± 0.06 42 1.05 ± 0.26 49 High variation of protein content in Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets and closely related insects) is also seen in the reviews by Rumbold and Schlüter (2013) and Kouřimská and Adámková (2016). Keywords: conversion; food; nitrogen; protein
• Functional profiling of the endometrium transcriptome during preimplantation development in Finnsheep, Texel and their F1 crosses by Pokharel, Kisun; Peippo, Jaana; Li, Meng-Hua; Kantanen, Juha; Pokharel, Kisun (2020) - A A A T A A A T T T G C T T T T A A A T A A A T T T G C T T T T Keywords: ag c; aggg c; agggg t; c c; c cg; c oxidase; c t; cg t; conceptus; cwt t; cytochrome c; endometrium; et al; expression; g ag; g c; genes; gg c; kerv t; pregnancy; protein; r t; sheep; spencer; t ag; t cell; t g; t gg; t k; t rg; t t; t y; t yg
• Apparent and standardised ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in wheat, soybean meal and rapeseed meal for broilers by Perttilä, Sini; Jalava, Taina; Rinne, Marketta; Da Silva Viana, Gabriel; Valaja, Jarmo; Perttilä, Sini (2021) - Key words: poultry, digestibility, ingredient, endogenous secretion Introduction Feed formulation based on the ileal digestibility of amino acids is preferred compared to the apparent total di- gestibility of amino acids (Ravindran et al. 1999, Kadim et al. 2002). In this regard, digestibility of amino acids should be measured at the end of ileum where amino acids from feeds have been completely absorbed (Ten Doeschate et al. 1993, Ravindran et al. 1999). Keywords: acids; aid; amino; amino acid; digestibility; et al; feed; ileal; meal; protein; rapeseed meal; science; sid; soybean meal; wheat
• Effects of feed energy and protein level on growth and pelt parameters in blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the late growing-furring period by Ylinen, Vappu; Mohaibes, Maarit; Peura, Jussi; Valaja, Jarmo; Ylinen, Vappu (2020) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE V. Ylinen et al. (2020) 29: 442–450 442 Effects of feed energy and protein level on growth and pelt parameters in blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the late growing- furring period Vappu Ylinen1, Maarit Mohaibes2, Jussi Peura3 and Jarmo Valaja1 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, Koetilantie 5, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2Kannus Research Farm Luova Oy, Turkistie 6, 69100 Kannus, Finland 3Finnish Fur Breeders Association, Martinkyläntie 48, 01601 Vantaa, Finland e-mail: vappu.ylinen@helsinki.fi The aim of the present study was to determine whether a decrease in feed energy content would prevent extreme body weight (BW) gain and fatness in blue foxes in the late growing-furring period, without compromising pelt qual- ity or pelt size. Key words: fur animal, fatness, pelt size, pelt quality Introduction Finland is the largest producer of blue fox pelt in Europe and one of the largest in the world, with blue fox pelt being the main product of the Finnish fur industry (FiFur 2018). Keywords: bcs; body; energy; et al; fat; feed; foxes; pelt; protein; quality; size
• Protein oxidation and subsequent changes in chicken breast and thigh meats during long-term frozen storage by Demirok Soncu, Eda; Demirok Soncu, Eda (2020) - Effect of thawing and cold storage on frozen chicken thigh meat quality by high-voltage electrostatic field. Results and discussion Evaluating the protein oxidation in chicken breast meat and chicken thigh meat The main pathway for protein carbonylation in meat is known as metal ion-catalyzed oxidation of side chains of some sensitive amino acids such as lysine, threonine, arginine and proline. Keywords: breast; chicken; et al; meat; month; oxidation; protein; sample; storage; thigh

• Säilytysaineiden käytöstä porkkanan varastoimisessa by Mukula, Jaakko (1950) - Kokeessa 3, jossa käytettiin melko avonaisia laatikoita ja ver- raten pieniä koe-eriä, on Fusarexin teho ehjissä ja katkaistuissa porkkanoissa ollut lyhytaikainen, ja porkkanakärpäsen toukkien vioittamissa porkkanoissa se ei ole vaikuttanut tuhosieniin lainkaan. Kummal- lakin tarkastuskerralla porkkanat punnittiin ja tuhosienien turmelemat yksilöt poistettiin. Keywords: belvitan; carrots; experiment; fusarex; koe; kuin; losses; porkkanan; porkkanoiden; rotting; storage
• Havaintoja pihatoista kylmillä seuduilla by Oksanen, Erkki H. (1953) - On myös väitetty heinänkulu- tuksen lisääntyvän suuresti, ja lehmien kärsivän kylmyydestä, tuotannon vähene- vän jne. laitteet ja karjanhoitotöiden järjestely. Keywords: barns; housing; kuin; kuivikemenekki; lehmien; lehmät; loose; mukaan; mutta; pihaton; pihatossa; pihatto; suurempi
• Perunan mukulain kuiva-ainepitoisuuden vaihteluista by Laurila, Kaiho; Antila, Simo (1956) - Perunan kasvuaika (taulukko 2) muodostui vuosina 1952 ja 1953 jonkinverran lyhyemmäksi kuin muina koevuosina varsiston aikaisemman hallavioituksen takia. Kuiva-ainepitoisuus on ollut keskimääräistä korkeampi (22.46 d: 0.09 % ja 22.51 ± 0.18 %) lämpimien ja kuivien kesien 1951 ja 1955, alin (16.53 d; 0.05 %) viileän ja kostean kesän 1952 mukulasadossa. Keywords: ainepitoisuus; aquila; der; des; die; eri; knollen; kuin; kuiva; mukulain; ollut; perunan; piirros; taulukko; trockensubstanzgehalt; und
• Kevätvehnälajikkeiden tuntomerkeistä by Korpinen, Elli (1956) - Jyvä suuri, paksu, usein jauhomainen; kärjen nukkapinta vinossa, nukka melko pitkää »KANADALAINEN Kuten edellinen, mutta korren solmussa ja solmun yläpuolella vähemmän nukkaa MARQUIS = »TASKU» Lehdet melko kapeat. Lehdet ja tähkä pystymmät ja korsi vähän lyhempi kuin Sopu- HOPEA vehnän. Keywords: fenolikäsittelyssä; jyvä; korren; korressa; kuin; melko; mutta; nukkaa; solmun; solmussa; suuri; tähkä; vähän; värittyvät; yleensä; yläpuolella
• Hedelmänviljelyä kohdanneesta tuhosta v. 1955-56 by Säkö, Jaakko (1957) - ja Taulukoista 3,4, 5, ja 6 joissa kasvupaikan olosuhteita ei ole eritelty, on esitetty yhdistelmä (taulukko 7), jossa lajikkeet on alueittain jaettu neljään ryh- mään. Keywords: + +; alle; alue; antonovka; apple; eri; etelä; fruit; hibernation; kpl; kuin; maasto; mulloksella; number; omenapuiden; ovat; puiden; puita; puut; region; sekä; soil; sound; table; talvehtiminen; taulukko; terrain; tietoja; trees; variety; viettävää; years; äkerö
• Suomen peltojen maalajit, muokkauskerroksen syvyys ja maan happamuus by Halonen, Reino; Juusela, Taneli (1957) - Tällaisesta maalajista, jossa savi-, hiesu- ja hietalajitteita on lähes sama määrä, käytetään englanninkielisissä maissa nimitystä clay loam ja savilajitteen ollessa vähäinen nimitystä loam. Kymen, Vaasan ja Tampereen maanviljelysinsinööripiirien alueilla on savimaita jo huomattavasti vähemmän, eli 21—27 %. Keywords: clay; fig; hiesusavi; hieta; hiuesavi; koko; kuin; kuva; layer; loam; mip; muokkauskerroksen; peat; sand; soil; syvyys; type
• Sahajauhopeitteen käytöstä omenapuuperusrunkojen suvuttomassa lisäyksessä by Säkö, Jaakko (1959) - Juurien määrä ja mittaustulokset hyvin ja keskinkertaisesti juurtuneista Malus robusta N:o 5-vesoista sahajauho- ja multapeitettä käyttäen Tabel 2. ja multapeitteessä kasvaneiden Malus robusta N:o 5-vesojen juurien paino Table 3. Keywords: cover; hyvin; juurien; kuin; malus; robusta; sawdust; sekä; shoots; soil; vesoja; vesojen
• Kevätviljan kehityksestä Helsingin yliopiston Viikin (60° 10'N) ja Muddusniemen (69°5'N) koetiloilla suoritetuissa kenttäkokeissa by Pohjakallio, Onni; Salonen, Arvi; Antila, Simo (1961) - Kultasade I I-kauran kylvön ja täydelle röyhylle tulon välisen ajan keskilämpötilojen vuoro- suhde Viikissä ja Muddusniemessä vuosina 1949—1960. Viikin ja Muddusniemen koe- tilojen lämpötilanmuutosten keskeistä korrelaatiota (r) vuodesta toiseen selvitet- Taulukko 2. Keywords: bis; der; des; die; kaura; kevätviljan; kuin; kärjen; lämpöasteiden; muddusniemessä; muddusniemi; ohra; ollut; rispe; röyhylle; röyhyn; tammi; tähkälle; tähkän; täydelle; und; viik; viikissä; von; vuosina; ähre
• Eräiden vehnälajien siemenjuurien lukumäärästä by Manner, Rolf (1963) - vulgare Tavallinen vehnä 15 3.88 ±0.06 rum, T. turgidum, T. polonicum ja T. persicum) on ollut huomattavasti enemmän siemenjuuria kuin T. dicoccoides- lajissa (t=24.oo***) ja T. dicoccumissa. Suurin siemenjuurien lukumäärä on ollut diploideissa paljasjyväisissä viljelyvehnissä (Triti- cum persicum, T. durum, T. turgidum ja T. polonicum ) Keywords: kuin; lukumäärä; ollut; siemenjuurien; triticum
• Lajikkeen ja tuleentumisajan vaikutus kevätvehnän jyvien mineraalipitoisuuteen by Lallukka, Ulla (1970) - Poikkeuksena olivat Timantti ja Touko, joissa usei- den mineraalienpitoisuudet olivat keskenään lähes samansuuruisia, mutta poikkesivat merkitsevästi muiden lajikkeiden kivennäisaineiden määristä. ja Timantti-vehnille, jotka tunnetaan kestävinä lajikkeina tähkäidäntää vastaan (Suomela 1968). Keywords: contents; eroja; jyvien; keskim; kuin; norröna; olivat; ppm; sekä; timantti; touko; vehnissä; vehnän
• Viljankorjuun työnmenekin kehityksestä by Oksanen, Erkki H. (1971) - Kaksisuuntaisella varianssianalyysillä on selvitetty tarkemmin tilojen ja vuosien välisten vaihteluiden suuruussuhteitä. Varianssianalyyseillä ja t-testeillä on tarkasteltu muuttujista tilojen ja vuosien välisen eron voimakkuutta. Keywords: arvo; eri; hours; ihmistyönmenekin; kuin; mutta; muuttujien; myös; ole; ollut; ovat; sekä; tilalla; tiloilla; tilojen; vain; vuosien; välillä; yhtälön
• Pomo- ja etu-ohrien tunnistaminen by Ulvinen, Osmo (1972) - Ero on suurempi kuin muilla moni- tahoisilla lajikkeillamme, mikä on laskettava pääosaltaan sen voimakkaan 2-tahoisen perinnön ansioksi, mikä Pomolla ja Edulla on. Sivuselkäsuonet ovat Pomolla ja Edulla väkäselliset, mikä taas on lajikkei- den monitahoisten vanhempien (Pomolla Vega ja Edulla Varde) perua. Keywords: der; edulla; edun; etu; fig; hyvin; jyvän; kuin; kuva; ollut; ovat; pituus; pomo; pomolla; selvästi
• Suomen viljelysmaiden sinkkipitoisuudesta by Kurki, Martti (1974) - Tutkimuksen suoritus ja menetelmät Vuosina 1971 1973 sinkkimäärityksiä tehtiin 629 maanäytteestä, jotka edustavat eri maalajeja ja Suomen eri osia. Kuitenkin on todettu, että vaihtuva sinkki korreloituu melko hyvin kokonaissinkin kanssa ja tämän vuoksi Suomessa viljavuustutkimuksen yhteydessä käytetty menetelmä puolustaneekin paik- kaansa. Keywords: content; eri; helsinki; kuin; ovat; peat; pitoisuudet; pitoisuus; sen; sinkin; sinkkipitoisuus; soils; zinc
• Rehujen rikkipitoisuuksista by Kreula, Matti; Ettala, Terttu (1976) - Verrattaessa saatuja rikkipitoisuuksia niihin lukuihin, joita NRC:n ja NJF:n asiantuntijaryhmä ovat rikin tarpeesta esittäneet, nimittäin lypsylehmille 0.20 % ja lihakarjalle ja lampaille 0.10 % kuiva-aineesta, voidaan todeta, ettei- vät tutkitut rehut, harvoja yksittäisiä poikkeuksia lukuunottamatta, ole sisältäneet rikkiä suositeltua määrää. Säilörehunäytteitä on ollut vuodelta 1974 59 ja vuodelta 1975 798 näytettä, ruohonäytteitä vastaavasti 28 ja 32 sekä heinänäytteitä vuodelta 1975 105 ja vuodelta 1976 20 yhteisnäytettä, joista kukin on sisältänyt 20 maatilan heinää. Keywords: aineesta; eri; keskimäärin; kuin; kuiva; ollut; ovat; pohjois; rikin; rikkiä; samples; sisältäneet; suhde; sulphur; säilörehujen; typen
• Metsätalouden asema kirjanpitotilojen rahaliikkeessä ja investointien rahoituksessa vuosina 1966—1975 by Hemilä, Kalevi (1978) - Keskiarvolukujen ympärillä tapahtuvan tilakohtaisen vaihtelun selvittämi- seksi on vuosilta 1974 ja 1975 koottu tilakohtaiset tiedot metsätalouden raha- ylijäämistä ja investointirahamenoista. Metsätalouden rahaylijäämien ja investointirahamenojen väliset suhteet tiloit- tain vuosina 1974 ja 1975. Keywords: cash; expenses; farms; forestry; investment; investointeihin; keskimäärin; kuin; kun; kuva; maatalouden; metsätalouden; noin; ollut; osuus; ovat; rahaylijäämä; vuoden; vuonna
• Farm level and budgetary calculations on production of turnip rapeseed oil-methyl-ester (RME) for fuel of diesel engines by Sumelius, John (1991) - Tiedot tarvittavista koneista ja poltto- ja voiteluaineiden maarista perustuvat Tydtehoseuralta saatuhin tietoihin. Jaljelle jaava koneiden poisto ja kunnossapito (3 % jalleenhankinta- arvosta) on jaettu peltoalan mukaan rypsin ja viljan kesken. Keywords: dieseloljyn; etta; ham; kevyen; kohti; kuin; kustannus; mukaan; noin; olisi; osuus; p/1; polttooljyn; production; raaka; rme; rmem; rypsin; tuki; tuotantokustannukset; tuottajahinta

• A comparison of grass silages harvested at first, second and third cut on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows by Sairanen, Auvo; Kajava, Sari ; Palmio, Annu; Rinne, Marketta; Sairanen, Auvo (2021) - A comparison of grass silages harvested at first, second and third cut on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows Auvo Sairanen1, Sari Kajava1, Annu Palmio1 and Marketta Rinne2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: auvo.sairanen@luke.fi The objective of this study was to compare the milk production potential of subsequent first, second and third cuts of grass silage from the same sward in Northern latitudes. Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a revision of the rela- tive silage dry-matter intake index. Keywords: content; cut; exp; experiment; grass; intake; milk; production; silages
• The effect of grass silage harvesting strategy and concentrate level on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production of dairy cows by Sairanen, Auvo; Juutinen, Elina; Rinne, Marketta; Rinne, Marketta (2022) - Otherwise, silage harvest effects on milk composition were minor except for a low- er (p< 0.01) protein concentration when second rather than first harvest was fed. The model in Exp 2 included period, block, grass silage harvest, the amount of con- centrate and the interaction between the amount of concentrate and harvest as fixed-class variables, and cow was used as a random variable. Keywords: concentrate; cows; dairy; digestibility; et al; exp; grass; harvest; intake; level; milk; production; silage
• Contingent allocation of the agri-food budget: comparison of farmer and non-farmer preferences by Pouta, Eija; Liski, Eero; Tienhaara, Annika; Lankia, Tuija; Niemi, Jyrki; Pouta, Eija (2022) - We were also able to explain the allocation with citizen characteristics to provide informa- tion on which population groups might benefit or suffer from the shifts in agricultural budget allocation. Key words: agricultural policy, budget allocation, compositional data analysis, budget size Introduction Agricultural production faces versatile and often conflicting expectations. Keywords: agriculture; allocation; analysis; budget; budget allocation; citizens; cluster; data; et al; farmers; food; model; policy; preferences; production; respondents; support
• Fifth survey on weed flora in spring cereals in Finland by Salonen, Jukka; Jalli, Heikki; Muotila, Anne; Niemi, Mari; Ojanen, Hannu; Ruuttunen, Pentti; Hyvönen, Terho; Salonen, Jukka (2023) - The frequency of occurrence over studied fields (hereafter ‘frequency’) refers to the proportion of fields where a species was found indicating distribution of weed species. Frequency of weed species The occurrence of the 40 most frequent weed species in the small 0.1 m2 sample quadrats is presented by region (Tables 3 and 5) and the remaining species observed from the larger 1.0 m2 quadrats are listed by region (Appendix). Keywords: biomass; diversity; fields; production; repens; salonen; species; spring; survey; systems; total; weed
• The meaning of animal well-being for farmers and dairy farm employees by Axelsson, Louise; Arvidsson – Segerkvist, Katarina; Pálsdóttir, Anna María; Ljung, Magnus; Axelsson, Louise (2024) - This is because increased employee job satisfaction contributes to the functioning of the employee group and, thus, to the farmer’s sense of peace at work. A working environment characterised by openness and consideration promotes employee communication, although practical conditions are also required for effective communication. Keywords: animal; change; communication; dairy; employees; farmers; farms; importance; job; milk; production; satisfaction; work
• A Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nitrogen Intensity, Gross Margin, and Land Use Occupation between Comparable Conventional and Organic Managed Dairy Farms by Hansen, Kristian; Koesling, Matthias; Steinshamn, Håvard; Hansen, Bjørn Gunnar; Dalgaard, Tomm; Hansen, Sissel; Hansen, Kristian (2024) - Differences in soil carbon contents and carbon sequestration between organically and conventionally managed farms are not factored into total farm emissions in FARMnor, assuming that soil carbon is stable for dairy farms in this region. Furthermore, conventionally managed farms showed lower gross margins both in terms of NOK per 2.78 MJ edible energy delivered (5.8 vs 6.5 NOK) and per milking cow unit (30 100 vs 34 400 NOK), and they used less land (2.9 vs 3.6 m² per 2.78 MJ edible energy delivered) compared to organic farms. Keywords: dairy; dairy farms; emissions; energy; et al; farms; ghg; groups; land; margin; matching; mean; meat; milk; nitrogen; production; study; use
• The future of agriculture and agricultural policy: perceptions of non-farmers and farmers: Future images by Tienhaara, Annika; Niemi, Jyrki; Vainio, Annukka; Pouta, Eija; Pouta, Eija (2024) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2024) 33: 1–14 1 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.137790 The future of agriculture and agricultural policy: perceptions of non-farmers and farmers Tienhaara Annika1, Niemi Jyrki1, Vainio Annukka2 and Pouta Eija1 1Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland 2University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00790 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: annika.tienhaara@luke.fi We examined the views of Finnish non-farmers and farmers on the desirable future developments of agriculture and agricultural policy using principal component and cluster analysis by focusing on three key themes: the structure of agricultural production, agri-environmental issues, and the funding of agriculture. A significant number of respondents supported the idea that climate and other environmental issues should be better considered in agricultural policy. Keywords: agriculture; citizens; cluster; et al; farmers; farming; food; future; non; perceptions; policy; preferences; production; respondents; support
• Valorization of carrot, cabbage, and red beet by-products – A review by Lehto, Marja; Kymäläinen, Hanna-Riitta; Kahala, Minna M.; Järvenpää, Eila P.; Kymäläinen, Hanna-Riitta (2025) - Red beet pomace has been found to have antibacterial (Vulić et al. 2013, Salamatullah et al. 2021), antiradical and hepatoprotective (Vulić et al. 2014), and anticandidal properties (Salamatullah et al. 2021). Studies focusing on other treatments or active components for soil improvement were few: polymer gel from cabbage waste (Zhang et al. 2021) and lime mud from red beet juice production (Ławińska et al. 2020) showed potential, while carrot acid extracts did not (Suzuki et al. 2001) (Table 7). Keywords: animal; antioxidant; applications; beet; beetroot; biochar; biomass; cabbage; cabbage waste; carrot; compounds; environmental; et al; feed; fiber; food; food science; food waste; journal; leaves; materials; peel; pomace; potential; processing; production; products; properties; red; soil; studies; technology; use; utilization; valorization; vegetable; waste; xxx
• Dairy farmers’ values and how their values affect their decision by Hansen, Bjørn Gunnar; Greve, Arent (2014) - Categorizing farming values as economic, conservation and lifestyle. Farmers have different values which are often combined in complex and subtle ways. Keywords: dairy; decision; farmers; farming; food; goals; production; services; terminal; values; work
• Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by in vitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep by Rinne, Marketta; Kautto, Outi; Kuoppala, Kaisa; Ahvenjärvi, Seppo; Kitunen, Veikko; Ilvesniemi, Hannu; Wilför, Stefan; Sormunen-Cristian, Riitta (2016) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Rinne et al. (2016) 25: 13–21 13 Manuscript received August 2014 Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by in vitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep Marketta Rinnea, Outi Kauttoa, Kaisa Kuoppalaa, Seppo Ahvenjärvia, Veikko Kitunenb, Hannu Ilvesniemib, Stefan Willförc, Riitta Sormunen-Cristiana a Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Green Technology, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland b Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bio-based Business and Industry, FI-01370 Vantaa, Finland c Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, FI-20500 Turku, Finland e-mail: marketta.rinne@luke.fi The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of pressurized hot water extracted hemicellulose fractions from various wood species as feeds for ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 71: 2297–2302. Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by invitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep Introduction Materials and methods In vitro gas production measurements of hemicellulose extracts (Exp. 1) Keywords: digestibility; et al; exp; gas; ggm4; hemicellulose; kg-1; method; production; science; vivo; wood
• Direct energy consumption and CO2 emissions in a Finnish broiler house – a case study by Rajaniemi, Mari; Ahokas, Jukka (2015) - Manuscript received October 2014 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Rajaniemi & J. Ahokas (2015) 24: 10–23 11 Climate, bird mass, house type and insulation greatly affect heating energy consumption. Direct energy consumption includes electricity and heating energy consumption. Keywords: broiler; co2; consumption; electricity; electricity consumption; emissions; energy; energy consumption; flock; heating; house; production; rearing; ventilation
• Strategic objectives and development plans of beginning farmers by Rantamäki-Lahtinen, Leena; Väre, Minna Katriina (2012) - The result contradicts earlier findings of Gasson and Errington (1993) by which farm families with a successor have a pressing incentive to develop their farms. However, the early phase farmers group had invested significantly more than the others and in addition their liabilities per turnover rate were higher. Keywords: farmers; farms; objectives; phase; production
• Medium-run projections for greenhouse gas emissions arising from agriculture: the case of milk production in Estonia by Ariva, Jelena; Viira, Ants Hannes; Põldaru, Reet; Roots, Jüri (2015) - Due to the significant decline in agricultural GHG emissions, and agriculture’s relatively low (6.9%) contribution to total GHG emissions in Estonia (Estonian CRF 2014), the EU target to curb GHG emissions by 20% by 2020, com- pared to 1990, are perceived as attainable. The FAPRI-GOLD type market model of Estonian agriculture, which is used for projections of agricultural production, was supplemented with a module that helps project GHG emissions. Keywords: ch4; cows; dairy; emissions; estonian; et al; ghg; ghg emissions; management; manure; milk; model; n2o; production; systems
• Pure and compensated efficiency of Swedish dairy farms by Manevska-Tasevska, Gordana; Rabinowicz, Ewa; Surry, Yves (2016) - In the literature during the past decade, diversification of farm activities has regularly been related to positive economic results in terms of farm efficiency (Hadley 2006, Hansson 2007, Barnes and Revoredo-Giha 2011) and farm viability (Barnes et al. 2015). The main objective of this study was thus to examine whether the environmental agricultural support provided within the Pillar II framework has succeeded in eliminating the influence of regional differences in potential for agriculture and output-reducing farm management practices on farm efficiency. Keywords: agricultural; capital; cte; density; efficiency; farm; farming; livestock; output; period; production; pte; region; revenue; support
• Influence of pre partum and post partum plane of nutrition on the performance of crossbred suckler cows and their progeny by MANNINEN, M.; HUHTA, H. (2001) - On feeding level M cows had a daily intake of 9.1 and 10.4 kg DM during periods P1 and P2, respectively. During indoor feeding cows receiving a lower level of feeding lost more (P<0.05) condition (–0.67 vs.–0.09 for L and M, respectively). Keywords: calf; calving; cows; e n; feeding; level; milk; n c; n d; partum; performance; post; pre; production
• Economic importance of parcel structure on Finnish farms by MYYRÄ, S.; PIETOLA, K. (2002) - The elasticity estimates suggest that the choice of line of production responds in-elasti- cally to farm size and parcel distance, whereas likelihood of specialisation in grain cultivation increases elastically with parcel size (Table 4). Therefore, the current trend for farm sizes to increase while parcel size remains constant, is predicted to in- crease welfare losses (e.g. costs) caused by the fragmented parcel structure. Keywords: e n; farms; grain; grass; land; n c; n d; parcel; price; production; profit; size
• EU enlargement and the Common Agricultural Policy: The case of Slovenia by KAVCIC, S.; ERJAVEC, E.; MERGOS, G. (2003) - Agricultural policy analysis model for Slovenian agri- culture. In the liter- ature, multi-commodity partial equilibrium econometric models are still the basic tool for agricultural policy analyses (Tongeren et al. 2000). Keywords: accession; agricultural; analysis; e n; european; income; model; n c; n d; policy; price; production; scenario; slovenia
• Sward and milk production response to early turnout of dairy cows to pasture in Finland by VIRKAJÄRVI, P.; SAIRANEN, A.; NOUSIAINEN, J.I. (2003) - The TE and TN turnout dates were 1 June and 6 June, respectively. Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 SEM P value TE TN TE TN TE TN Period Turnout Period × Turnout Pre-grazing Sward height (cm) 28.7 43.0 28.5 31.8 24.6 29.8 (1.6) (2.5) (1.2) (1.0) (1.1) (1.3) HM (kg ha–1) 1680 3100 1760 1990 1420 1880 (145) (238) (96) (65) (84) (105) Keywords: date; effect; grazing; n c; n d; period; production; tillers; trial; turnout
• Annual and seasonal changes in production and composition of grazed clover-grass mixtures in organic farming by KUUSELA, E. (2004) - 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 Alsike clover mixture Red clover mixture White clover mixture White-alsike clover mixture Grass mixture 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 315 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C Proportion of grasses in pre-grazing herbage dry matter Proportion of clovers in pre-grazing herbage dry matter Proportion of weeds in pre-grazing herbage dry matter 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 White-alsike clover mixture Grass mixture Alsike clover mixture Red clover mixture White clover mixture 318 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C Keywords: c e; clover; content; grass; grazing; herbage; mixtures; post; pre; production; proportion; seed; sward; white
• Effects of winter feeding strategies with alternative feeds on the performance of mature suckler cows and their progeny by MANNINEN, M.; SAARIJÄRVI, K.; HUHTA, H. (2004) - Suckler cow feeding strategies. The effects of treatments on cow feed intake, diet digestibility (Exp2), live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), milk production (Exp1), incidence of dystocia and calf performances are discussed in this paper. Keywords: c e; calving; cows; days; diet; energy; exp1; exp2; experiment; feeding; grazing; manninen; milk; performance; period; production; silage; strategy; straw
• How do small rural food-processing firms compete?A resource-based approach to competitive strategies by FORSMAN, S. (2004) - Industry-based approach Resource-based view Analogy with the SWOT framework Opportunities and threats Strengths and weaknesses View of the firm As a bundle of strategic activities As a bundle of resources Unit of analysis Industries, firms, products Firms, resources Role of industry structure Exogenous Endogenous Characteristic to resources Identical, high mobility Heterogeneity, immobility Nature of strategies Generic Unique Time line of strategy Ex ante Ex post Determinants in the choice of Attractiveness of industries, a firm’s Internal firm factors competitive strategy relative position within the industry Source of rents Profits from product market Unique firm-specific resources and positioning capabilities Nature of rents Monopoly-type rents Ricardian rents 27 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C The extent to which differentiation impacts on de- mand depends on three aspects: a firm’s ability to differentiate its products, the competitive na- ture of the market environment and consumers’ commitment to the products of competitive firms. Keywords: addition; advantage; advantage advantage; analysis; average; barney; business; c e; c u; capabilities; case; cluster; competence; competitors; customer; data; development; differentiation; e forsman; e n; environment; et al; factor; firms; firms firms; following; food; food industry; forsman; g r; group; industry; journal; l t; level; management; market; marketing; model; n c; n d; new; number; performance; performing; position; price; processing firms; production; production resources; products; quality; question; rbv; research; resources; resources business; results; sample firms; scale; strategies; strategy; study; success; table; terms; types; u l; value; variables; view
• Nitrogen and phosphorus balances on Finnish dairy farms by VIRTANEN, H.; NOUSIAINEN, J. (2005) - Studies examining the environmental impacts of milk products throughout their whole life cycle have shown that a major part of the effects arises from raw milk production on dairy farms (Høgaas Eide 2002, Voutilainen et al. 2003). Published research on WFB for N and P (N- WFB and P-WFB) on dairy farms in Finland is still limited and the datasets are based on results from a few farms or from a specific area (e.g. Väisänen 1996, Poikela 2000). Keywords: dairy; farm; feed; ha-1; import; milk; nutrient; production; total; wfb
• Crop and soil specific N and P efficiency and productivity in Finland by BÄCKMAN, S.; LANSINK, A. (2005) - I E N C E Appendix 1 276 Crop and soil specific N and P efficiency andproductivity in Finland Introduction Measurement of soil specificmineral efficiency Soil specific mineral efficiency Empirical model Data and estimation Results Discussion Conclusions References Appendix 1 Soil specific efficiency for Nitro- gen and Phosphorous (ES) are consistent with equation (2). Keywords: data; efficiency; frontier; mineral; production; productivity; soil
• Technical change in Finnish grass silage production by SIPILÄINEN, T.; RYHÄNEN, M. (2005) - © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received May 2004 Technical change in Finnish grass silage production Timo Sipiläinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: timo.sipilainen@mtt.fi Matti Ryhänen Seinäjoki Polytechnic, School of Agriculture and Forestry, Ilmajoentie 525, FI-60800 Ilmajoki, Finland, e-mail: matti.ryhanen@seamk.fi Stochastic production frontier analysis is applied in decomposing output growth of grass silage production to technical change, technical efficiency change, scale effect and input growth. Table 6 shows the annual tech- nical change, technical efficiency change and scale effect calculated on the basis of Model 7. Keywords: area; change; efficiency; factors; farms; frontier; grass; growth; input; model; output; production; productivity; silage; technical; time
• Marginal abatement costs for reducing leaching of nitrates in Croatian agriculture by SUMELIUS, J.; MESIC, M.; GRGIC, Z. (2005) - Marginal abatement costs for reducing leaching of nitrates in agriculture Introduction Non-point-source pollution involving nitrogen (N) from agriculture is widely recognised to be a major cause of water-quality problems. N, in the form of NO3, is easily soluble and transported in runoff, in tile drainage, and with leachate. Keywords: abatement; fertiliser; function; ha-1; leaching; levels; mac; maize; n c; no3; production; profit; tax
• Effects of some organic acids and salts on microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets estimated using an in vitro gas production technique by PARTANEN, K.; JALAVA, T. (2005) - In con- clusion, organic acids and salts were found to differ in their ability to modulate microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets. Key words: pigs, fermentation, organic acids, organic salts 312 A G R Keywords: acid; benzoate; d 0; effects; fermentation; formic; gas; production; sorbate
• Decision support system for agricultural land use and fertilisation optimisation: a case study on barley production in Estonia by ASTOVER, A.; ROOSTALU, H.; MÕTTE, M. (2006) - Average field soil quality in study area is 37 points. The aim of the present study was to analyse the application of different agro-economic models in a computer-based decision support system, developed for optimisation of agricultural land use and fertilisa- tion, on the example of barley production of Kullamaa rural municipality in Estonia. Keywords: barley; decision; fertiliser; field; gis; land; models; production; soil; use
• Contract production as a method to reduce welfare loss caused by market uncertainty of seed potato by TUOMISTO, J. (2007) - Seed potato producers working with fixed-price advancement trade can sell seed potato at a price 13 percent lower than without the agreement – without decreasing the profitability of seed potato production. The yield of the potato crop has a strong impact on the price of food potato and on the demand of seed potato. Keywords: agreement; contract; farm; food potato; market; potato market; potato price; potato producer; potato production; price; principal; producers; production; seed potato; transaction
• Economic values of pork production related traits in Finland by SERENIUS, T.; MUHONEN, P.; STALDER, K. (2007) - Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 79 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received January 2007 Economic values of pork production related traits in Finland Timo Serenius, Päivi Muhonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: timo.serenius@mtt.fi Kenneth Stalder Iowa State University, Department of Animal Science, Ames, IA50011, USA The objective of the present study was to estimate economic values for sow efficiency and meat produc- tion traits in the Finnish pork production system including the consideration for subsidies. Economic values for pig traits 82 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 83 Calculation of economic values Calculation of economic values was based on the change in economic efficiency with one unit change of a trait under consideration. Keywords: c u; feed; meat; n c; piglet; production; quality; traits; values
• Preface by TURTOLA, E. (2007) - Although the decrease in the bal- ance values indicates a decreased potential for nutrient losses to the environment, the actual trend in the losses also depends on many other factors, such as changes in the proportion of annual and perennial crops, changes with time in the content of soil organic matter and in soil structure, and fluctuations in climatic conditions. There have been only minor efforts in AEP to promote improvement of soil structure or proper drainage of fields. Keywords: finnish; production
• Simulated nitrogen leaching, nitrogen mass field balances and their correlation on four farms in south-western Finland during the period 2000 2005 by RANKINEN, K.; SALO, T.; GRANLUND, K. (2007) - The main aims were to evaluate 1) the effect of different application rates of N fertiliz- ers on the field N balance and N leaching, 2) the usefulness of the field N balance as an indicator of N leaching, and 3) the N leaching risks related to different production types. Cumulative inclusion of precipitation, N mineralization rate and either plant N uptake or N fertilization had only a small influence on the effect of N balance on N leaching, at least when compared to the 256% increase in the value of the regression coefficient that took place when both N uptake and N fertilization were further added into the model (Table 8). Keywords: balance; cereal; crop; farm; fertilization; field; ha–1yr–1; inorganic; leaching; manure; mineralization; n c; nitrogen; pig; production; soil; uptake
• Comparison of energy and greenhouse gas balances of biogas with other transport biofuel options based on domestic agricultural biomass in Finland by TUOMISTO, H. L.; HELENIUS, J. (2008) - Another benefit of biogas production is that wide ranged organic materials, including manure, crops, weeds, sewage sludge and industrial and municipal biowaste, can be used as raw material. Biogas production can also improve the econ- omy and efficiency of organic crop farms. Keywords: biogas; c e; c u; e n; emissions; energy; ghg; input; n c; n d; production; u l
• Variability of herbage production in mixed leys as related to ley age and environmental factors: a farm survey by RIESINGER, P.; HERZON, I. (2008) - Herbage produc- tion was positively related with clover proportion. Soil properties had a major impact on clover proportion and herbage production, largely explaining also regional differences in ley growth. Keywords: c e; c u; clover; cut; e n; herbage; herbage production; l t; leys; n c; n d; production; proportion; soil; u l
• Cryopreservation techniques and their application in vegetatively propagated crop plants in Finland by Nukari, Anna; Uosukainen, Marjatta; Rokka, Veli-Matti; Antonius, Kristiina; Wang, Qiaochun; Valkonen, Jari P.T. (2009) - However, as Benson (2008b) pointed out, there are very limited numbers of economic efficiency models for plant cryopreservation. Plant cryopreservation: progress and prospects. Keywords: buds; c u; cryopreservation; cryotherapy; et al; germplasm; n c; plant; potato; production; shoot; techniques; wang
• Field biomass as global energy source by Hakala, Kaija; Kontturi, Markku; Pahkala, Katri (2009) - When crop residue production was estimated for the future (2050), the average technical residue potential values for 1997–2006 were corrected at group level for climate change effects (Annex 1). I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 347–365. 355 Food usage and availability of field area for bioenergy crop production Keywords: 2050; area; bioenergy; biomass; c e; c u; change; climate; crop; e n; energy; et al; field; food; l t; n c; n d; potential; production; residue; soil; u l
• Energy ratios in Finnish agricultural production by Mikkola, Hannu J.; Ahokas, Jukka (2009) - Energy ratio can be expressed as ER = Eo / Ei, where ER is energy ratio, Eo is energy output and Ei is energy input. The objective of this study was to assess energy ratios and net energy in plant production and energy ratios in animal production in Finland. Keywords: c e; c u; e n; energy; energy ratio; finnish; grass; l t; milk; n c; n d; nitrogen; production; ratio; reed; u l
• Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms from 1976 2006: a parametric approach by Myyrä, Sami; Pihamaa, Pekka; Sipiläinen, Timo (2009) - Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 283-301 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 283–301. 283 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received February 2009 Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms from 1976–2006: a parametric approach Sami Myyrä1, Pekka Pihamaa2 and Timo Sipiläinen1 1MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, 2Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland, 1email: firstname.lastname@mtt.fi Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms 284 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 283–301. 285 Profitability at the farm level is determined by prices, subsidies and the productivity at which inputs are transformed to outputs. Keywords: c e; c u; change; e n; farms; finnish; g r; grain; growth; l t; model; n c; n d; production; productivity; scale; u l
• Supply chain integrated LCA approach to assess environmental impacts of food production in Finland by Usva, Kirsi; Saarinen, Merja; Katajajuuri, Juha-Matti; Kurppa, Sirpa (2009) - However, scientists are very aware of the sensitivity of LCA case studies regarding decision-making at different stages during a study and of limitations regarding generalization of LCA case study results, even to other products of the same product group. LCA case studies were carried out using a sup- ply chain integrated LCA approach (Poikkimäki and Virtanen 2003), the theoretical background of which resides in industrial ecology, and operation- ally is linked to organization and business manage- ment. Keywords: c c; c e; c o; c u; case; chain; cultivation; data; e n; eqv; food; l t; lca; n c; n d; production; studies; u l
• Policy harmonized approach for the EU agricultural sector modelling by Salputra, Guna; Chantreuil, Frédéric; Hanrahan, Kevin; Donnellan, Trevor; van Leeuwen, Myrna; Erjavec, Emil (2011) - The New Member States (NMS) are still allowed to use the transition support system – Single Area Payment (SAP) scheme - one of the advantages of which is the flexibility to provide national top-ups to agriculture in coupled and de- coupled forms until 2013 in line with phasing-in of EU direct payments, while EU support within SAP scheme must be totally decoupled. The usefulness of the PH approach has been illustrated through its implementation in the AG- MEMOD model and its use in analysing a series of EU agricultural policy reform scenarios. Keywords: agmemod; approach; beef; c e; c u; cap; e n; member; model; n c; payments; policy; production; support; u l
• Predictors for interest to change from conventional to organic horticultural production by Mattila, Tiina E. A.; Heikkinen, Juha M.; Koivisto, Anu M.; Rautiainen, Risto H. (2018) - Organic horticulture production faces production and market risks, and seek- ing other income outside farming is one risk management strategy. These results suggest potential to increase organic production could be found particularly among smaller part-time enterprises actively seeking new crops and knowledge. Keywords: agriculture; area; et al; farmers; farming; farms; horticulture; interest; model; predictors; production; variables
• Milk production from silage: comparison of grass, legume and maize silages and their mixtures by Dewhurst, Richard (2013) - Steinshamn and Thuen (2008) recorded milk yields of 22 kg day-1 when they offered diets based on grass silage with either white clover silage (0.28 of DM) or red clover silage (0.42 of DM) as sole-feed to cows in early lacta- tion (average 74 days in milk). Whilst Vanhatalo et al. (2009) confirmed the increased rumen ammonia-N when feeding red clover silage (in comparison with grass silage), they also observed higher VFA concentrations and a higher molar proportion of acetic acid. Keywords: clover; clover silage; dairy; dewhurst; effect; et al; grass; grass silage; intake; maize; milk; production; red; red clover; rumen; science; silage
• Opportunities for reducing environmental emissions from forage-based dairy farms by Misselbrook, Tom; Del Prado, Agustin; Chadwick, David (2013) - For medium and extensive systems, enteric CH4 was reduced through a higher starch to fibre concentration in the diet (e.g. Beauchemin et al. 2008, Cottle et al. 2011), but soil N2O emissions were increased mainly caused by the replace- ment of grass with forage maize and the changes in manure application rates and timing. Wall et al. (2010) discuss the use of genetic selection tools for breeding schemes with the aims of improving productivity and efficiency and, potentially, selecting for inherently low CH4 emitting animals, although it is important that this selection is on the basis of multiple traits including feed efficiency, particularly for predominantly forage-fed animals, and yield to ensure that gains are realised as reduced emissions per unit product. Keywords: ammonia; animal; application; dairy; emissions; environmental; et al; farm; fertiliser; grass; grazing; journal; livestock; losses; management; manure; misselbrook; mitigation; n2o; nh3; potential; production; science; slurry; soil; use; water
• Cross-breeding Finnish sheep with Schwartzkopf rams by Vainikainen, Viljo (1946) - For this reason as also owing to the present channels of Finnish sheep breeding aimed at fur production, there seems no necessity to continue schwartzkopf-crossings. Except for hereditary qualities, the weak wool-production of Finnish sheep is also due to some outside factors. Keywords: average; breeding; cross; ewes; finnish; offsprings; production; sheep; wool
• The shape of the egg and its inheritability by Martimo, Erik (1946) - Memoir 31, 1920. (6) Curtis, M. R., A biometrical study of egg production in the domestic fowl IV. F. W., A biometrical study of egg production in the domestic fowl HI. Keywords: average; egg; eggs; hens; index; oviduct; production; shape; size; uterus
• Can the relation between fat and protein in milk be changed by selective breeding by Lonka, T. (1947) - Protein percentage Protein in grams per kg. Milk protein is a valuable, and in some cases a necessary, nutrient for both human beings and animals. Keywords: basis; breeding; cows; fat; material; milk; milk protein; milk yield; percentages; production; protein content; protein percentage; results
• Agriculture in an industrial framework by Thomas, Edgar (1966) - In general, the finished products of farming are tending more and more to be the outcome of the shared activities of many farmers who divide the long production cycle between them. But with in- flation, escalating land values and mounting working investment many farms may well reach the stage which will bring them within the purview of public company finance. Keywords: agriculture; britain; farmers; farming; farms; growth; industry; labour; production
• On the concept of productivity by Suomela, Samuli (1968) - It may often be pertinent especially in business economics to use in addition to labour productivity total productivity. Nou and Nilsson (1955) distinguish on the basis of the technical or economic nature of productivity between technical productivity, economic productivity and technical- economic productivity. Keywords: factors; fodder; input; output; prices; production; productivity; products; units; use
• The importance of capital and labour in animal production by Westermarck, N. (1971) - At a given labour input the capital investment in relation to sales is considerably higher in milk production than in pork production, while egg production occupies an intermediate position. Technical development in animal production, as in agricultural production in general has a twofold function. Keywords: animal; capital; farms; husbandry; input; investment; labour; pork; production; relation
• Evaluation of the characteristics and agronomic value of Finnish Tammisto meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis huds.) seed grown in the USA by Valle, Eero; Valle, Otto; Äyräväinen, Kirsti; Garrison, C. S. (1972) - The total number of plants per seed lot tested usually varied between 160—192. No. of Prostrate No. of Prostrate seed lots plants seed lots plants Location Generation Prosser 8 74 a 1 9 74 a Shafter 10 64 a 2 12 64 a Tehachapi 10 65 a 3 7 63 a twice as high. Keywords: characteristics; fescue; generation; lots; meadow; plant; production; results; seed; seed lots; seed production; shafter; trials; year
• Primary production and seasonal dynamics of the flora and fauna of the field stratum in a reserved field in Middle Finland by Törmälä, Timo; Raatikainen, Mikko (1976) - The standing crops of green vegetation field stratum, herbivores and carnivores were 328, 1.0 and 0.06 g/ma . The total area of reserved fields was 182 211 ha and the area of forested fields was 22 056 ha. Keywords: aboveground; area; biomass; detritus; field; green; maximum; method; production; samples; sampling; species; spp; study; summer; vegetation; vii; viii
• Feed efficiency and its development in animal production by Kettunen, Lauri (1977) - Theoretical feed conversion coefficients, feed use obtainedfrom farm surveys, commercial production of concentrated feed and the total feed yield formed the basic statistics on which the feed balance sheet was built. The estimates of feed use for different animals as obtained from farm surveys seem to overestimate or underestimate the total feed use. Keywords: beef; conversion; feed; production; units; use
• The development of agricultural production in Finland 1975—85 by Kettunen, Lauri (1978) - Production forecasts may be made based on the consumption forecast and the export ceiling (or about 110% self-sufficiency). Milk production is predicted to drop to 2 910 mill, litres, beef production to 105 mill. Keywords: agricultural; consumption; development; forecasts; milk; mill; production
• Food and agriculture model for Finland by Kettunen, Lauri (1980) - It describes the linkage part of the model which can be used as such or supplemented by the agricultural sub-model which is described in the latter part of the article. The model is mainly recursive and only the version which is linked to the lIA- SA’s system includes optimization sub-models. Keywords: agriculture; commodity; consumption; development; feed; finnish; function; model; policy; price; production; use
• Simulation model for the structure of Finnish agriculture by Hassinen, Seppo; Kettunen, Lauri (1980) - VARIABLES ACN = the average herd size A ACN = the annual change of average herd size AH = the egg yield per hen AAH = the annual change of average egg yield ASF = the average farm size ASH = the average poultry farm size A ASH = the annual change of average poultry farm size ASP = the average piggery size A ASP = the annual change of average piggery size AW = the agricultural population AW (%) = the share of the agricultural population AY the milk yield per cow AAY = the annual change of average milk yield FARMS = the number of farms GDP = Gross Domestic Product MF = the number of dairy farms NAF = the number of non-animal farms NC = the number of dairy cows NH = the number of hens NP = the number of pigs PH = the number of pig farms Qc = egg production Qm Table I Agricultural population, number of farms, average farm size and total acreage in the period 1975 1990. Keywords: agricultural; animal; distribution; farms; model; number; population; production; size
• Objectives and means in Finnish agricultural policy by Kettunen, Lauri (1981) - Production policy The functional task of production policy is generally speaking to achieve the desired production goals to increase and/or control production. Characteristics and main goals of agricultural price policy in Finland. Keywords: agricultural; farm; income; level; policy; price; production; self; sufficiency
• Breeding for milk and beef in cattle - designing an overall strategy by Vilva, Veijo; Lindström, U. B. (1983) - A stage 3 selection based on an index of progeny test for both milk yield and feed conversion in milk production (set 8) was also considered. The relatively small economic contribution of the beef performance test of bulls indicates that the test stations set up for this purpose might be more efficiently utilised by concentrating on measurement of feed conversion of bulls’ daughters for milk production. Keywords: beef; conversion; feed; gain; milk; production; selection; stage; test
• Long term supply elasticities: a case study for Finland by Kettunen, Lauri (1984) - Long term supply elasticities for basic agricultural products are needed for forecasting and planning of agricultural production. Despite many econometric studies on supply elasticities in Finland, so far no coherent analysis covering all products has been made. Keywords: elasticities; feed; grain; milk; model; pork; price; production; supply; table
• Efficiency and profitability in pork production by Rantala, Olli (1986) - I = < 400 pigs II = > 400 pigs Type of the feed VT = Grain +purchased protein concentrate TR=Commercial feed mixture Conclusions On average pig farms are managed quite ef- ficiently. Financial results The average gross margin in SOT farms was 68 Fmk per pig and the gross margin per- centage 11.5 % in 1975—1977 (Table 4). Keywords: farms; feed; margin; production; rate; region; variation
• Self-sufficiency of agriculture in Finland in 1970—1983 by Kettunen, Lauri (1986) - Energy crises have meant, however, that our agriculture is threat- ened mainly by the shortage of inputs. Wheat is also used for some indus- trial purposes which increases the need for domestic production. Keywords: agriculture; consumption; crisis; energy; food; production; self; sufficiency; total
• A simulation study for optimizing the use of dairy bulls in breeding programs by Juga, J.; Syväjärvi, J.; Vilva, V. (1987) - number of number of number of young bulls daughters in tested bulls progeny test 1: 132 180 24 2: 132 180 12 3: 238 100 24 4: 238 100 12 5: 477 50 24 Weights that were used in overall selection index. /year proportions of bulls used for inseminations: 60 % with young bulls 34 % with tested bulls 6 % with beef bulls inseminations required: 1.7 inseminations/pregnancy young bulls; 10.7 inseminations/lactation record tested bulls: 3.6 inseminations/lactation record (37 % of Ist lactation records were made by daughters of young bulls 63 % of Ist lactation records were made by daughters of tested bulls) 6 bull sires/year tested bulls were used for 3 years generation interval in sire to son path was 8 years heritabilities: milk production 0.25 fertility 0.05 seminated with tested bull semen or with young bull semen were fixed (Table 1). Keywords: breeding; bulls; fertility; genetic; milk; number; production; response; selection
• The Returns to Investment in Agricultural Research in Finland 1950—1984 by Sumelius, John (1987) - If for a moment we forget the doubts about the reliability of the parameter estimate of research, which is equal to the marginal product, and assume it is 0.016 for public research, which is the smallest pa- rameter estimate of public research, and 0.022 for total research estimate, as indicated by regressions (2) and (6), we can calculate an elasticity with respect to research input. According to the definiti- on of elasticity, it shows the percentage change in production when research input is changed by 1 %. Keywords: aggregate; agricultural; change; estimate; extension; fim; inputs; labour; lag; lags; level; production; production function; productivity; public; rate; regression; research; research benefits; research capital; research coefficient; research costs; research elasticity; research expenditures; research flow; research input; research production; research research; research results; research stock; research variable; respect; return; study; table; total; value; variables
• Species aspects of breeding herbage varieties for northern marginal regions by Rognli, Odd Arne (1988) - 60: 181—189, 1988 Species aspects of breeding herbage varieties for northern marginal regions ODD ARNE ROGNLI Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural University of Norway, N-1432 Äs-NLH, Norway Abstract. Northern marginal regions are very heterogeneous as regards environmental con- ditions for plant growth. Keywords: breeding; cultivars; growth; herbage; northern; plant; poa; pratensis; production; regions; seed; species; timothy
• Finnsheep and their utilization experiences in temperate conditions by Baker, R. L. (1988) - Some exceptions have been reported includ- ing slightly lower age at first oestrus in Dor- set crosses than F-crosses (10) and a 3-week earlier age at conception in ewe lambs in Romanov crosses than F crosses (64). Two recent reports evaluated growth and carcass attributes of F crosses in intensive feeding systems in Canada. Keywords: anim; average; breeds; carcass; crosses; economic; ewes; lambs; n.z; performance; production; sheep; study; suffolk; table; wool
• Characteristics and experiences of Chios breed by Zervas, N. P.; Hatjiminaoglou, J.; Georgoudis, A. (1988) - Genetic parameters of milk yield The repeatability of milk production based on earlier Island data was found to be 0.40. Initial calcu- lations of heritability of milk production from the Island have given the values of 0.74 +0.34, 0.31 ±0.15 and 0.40±0.12, respectively for the first, second and third and more lactations (38). Keywords: chios; cyprus; ewes; island; lambs; milk; production; sheep; station; weight
• Milk production in Finnsheep and Romanov breeds by Boylan, W. J.; Sakul, H. (1988) - The Finn, Romanov and several U.S. sheep breeds were machine milked to ob- tain information on several measures of milk production and milk composition. The level of milk production for a 130 day lactation period for the breeds evalu- ated was generally low compared to traditional European dairy breeds. Keywords: breeds; ewes; milk; production
• Breeding and exploitation of prolific breeds in Czechoslovakia by Jakubec, V.; Křižek, J. (1988) - For wool production characters in purebreeding F is better than R. For wool production characters in crossbreds both sire breeds are virtually equal. The purebred prolific breeds were kept together with the individuals of M. With the exception of milk production characters, heterosis effects are estimated for all charac- ters in crossbreds on the basis of M and pro- lific breeds. Keywords: breeds; characters; production; sire; wool
• Testing of a Danish growth model for barley, turnip rape and timothy in Finnish conditions by Ilola, Ari; Elomaa, Esko; Pulli, Seppo (1988) - Potential crop production is ment, but the actual crop production is entire- ly dependent on water, in the soil, available to the plant and on root depth growth. In 1986 and 1987, root depth growth was measured from emergence to the time when a root depth of 60 cm was attained. Keywords: area; barley; crop; depth; gai; growth; matter; model; plant; production; radiation; rape; root; soil; table; temperature; timothy; turnip; water
• Seasonal dynamics and primary production of the flora in a winter rye field in Finland by Halinen, Päivi; Raatikainen, Mikko (1991) - Number of seeds in the soil Research into the amounts of weed seeds in arable soils has mainly employed germination and washing flotation methods, and the differences between the methods used make comparison difficult. The result was lower than that reported by Paatela and Erviö (1971) in a spring cereal field or the proportion of weed seeds emerging in spring cereal fields and numbers of individuals reported by Mukula et ai. Keywords: biomass; fig; ground; maximum; number; production; raatikainen; repens; rye; seeds; species; total; weed; winter
• Relationship between bull dam herd characteristics and bias in estimated breeding value of bull by Uimari, Pekka; Mäntysaari, Esa A. (1995) - However, the correlation less than 1.00 between EBVs of bull dams indicates that the reduction in bull dam EBVs has not been con- stant for all bull dams. Size of the herd and the standard deviation of production in the herd when bull dam produced its third lactation were correlated with the empirical bias in pedigree index. Keywords: bias; bull; dam; ebv; herd; lactation; pedigree; production; year
• Effects of a short laying rest on postrest egg production and egg quality by Kiiskinen, Tuomo; Hakatie, Hilkka (1993) - [^C H * * NS NS NS NS NS NS T x H NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS » See Table 2. [\jg 78.7 1.0753 2.65 7.5 76.9 1.0793 2.60 7.5 61.6 1.0804 2.79 6.7 72.4 1.0783 2.68 7.2 0.88 0.00062 0.043 0.66 IB Mean SEM Significance of F-value T H ** NS •* NS *•* *** NS NS » NS NS NS *** *** NS NS NS NS * NST x H NS NS NS Significances: NS = non-significant, * = P < 0.05, ** C = control, WB = whole-grain barley, F = fast PKeywords: egg; eggs; hens; laying; period; production; quality; rest; shell; trial
• The effectiveness and feasibility of economic incentives of input control in the mitigation of agricultural water pollution by Miettinen, Asko (1993) - An optimal solution can be found by differentiating Jti with respect to x (first order condition): arc, df(x,) 5f (x,) w(3) 3 = O«P3 w = 0«-3 = - ox dx dx p which shows us that, in order to maximize profit, marginal product (MR) with respect to input use should equal the price relation between input price and product price. Product tax, input tax and input quota for control- ling input use were evaluated in this study. Keywords: agric; barley; costs; econ; farm; function; input; level; measures; nitrogen; nutrient; pollution; price; production; profit; tax; use
• A response analysis of wheat and barley to nitrogen in Finland by Sumelius, John (1993) - The type of crop response function Mitscherlich sug- gested in 1909is an exponential nonlinear function of type (12) y = m(l-ke Px )eBl ' D| eO2 ' 02 gSn, D n gSt, Di where y = yield level, kg/ha x = nitrogen fertilization m = asymptotic plateau Di = annual dummies (i = I ..n) Dt = technology dummy k, (J, si, 6t = parameters The yield level approaches asymptotically a pla- teau I evel, m, when x—> «>. Results The results for the estimated Mitscherlich function (12) as well as the square root functional form (9) and quadratic functional form (8) for wheat and barley yield on two different soil types are pre- sented in tables 2,3, 4 and 5. Keywords: clay; fertilizer; form; function; hypothesis; level; mitscherlich; nitrogen; production; profit; quadratic; response; root; square; wheat
• Optimizing anther culture for barley breeding by Manninen, Outi (1997) - Much of the work with barley anther culture was done with one highly responsive model cultivar, Igri. Cho and Kasha (1989) studied ethylene production and the effect of ethylene inhibitors and promotors in barley anther culture and con- cluded that an optimum level of ethylene may be required for embryogenesis. Keywords: anther; barley; culture; effect; genotype; medium; mms; plant; pretreatment; production; response
• Contribution of livestock to food production in developing countries by Fitzhugh, Hank (1998) - There- fore, ILRI gives priority to strengthening capac- ity for livestock research through training and information services. On average, the proportional contribution of livestock product to dietary calories and protein in developed countries is double that for developing countries. Keywords: consumption; countries; crop; food; livestock; meat; production; products; regions; research; systems
• Effect of type of forage offered and breed on performance of crossbred suckler heifers and their calves by Manninen, Merja; Aaronen, Ilmo; Puntila, Marja-Leena; Heikkilä, Reijo; Jaakkola, Seija (1998) - The lower con- ception rate of LiAy heifers may reflect their slightly younger age and later maturity. Key words', beef heifers, calf performance, calving difficulty, feed requirement, milk production © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received June 1997 367 Vol. Keywords: breed; calf; calves; calving; cows; day; diet; feeding; hay; heifers; hfay; liay; milk; production; silage; weight
• Improvement of annual forage and seed production in the sub-humid zone of Nigeria through supplement irrigation by Akinola, J. O.; Addo, A. A.; Olufokunbi, K. C. (1990) - While grass CP yields relied heavily on high DM yields, legume CP yields would be ob- served to have been strongly influenced by high CP contents. Average annual irrigated legume CP yield was 1.0 % more, and grass CP yield 2.9 % less, than the respective rainfed CP yields. Keywords: acc; cajan; irrigation; legumes; max; production; rainfed; species; total; yields
• Aufzucht und Spermaproduktion bei Jungbullen unter Stationsbedingungen in Finnland by Uusisalmi, U.; Kallio, M.; Klautschek, G.; Varo, M. (1973) - Phänotypische Korrelation zwischen der Körpergrösse der Bullen und ihrer Sperma- produktion. Die Bullen der Finnischen Rasse wurden in Maunula auf ihre Eigenleistung gepriift. Keywords: aufzucht; bei; bullen; den; der; die; eine; jungbullen; masse; mit; pro; production; semen; sperma; spermaproduktion; tage; und; von; zwischen
• Dairy progeny testing in Finland by Lindström, Ulf; Maijala, Kalle; Varo, Mikko (1973) - No. of daughters in 1967 No. of bulls Correlation to 1968 pro- progeny test geny test, % g 20 59 48.2 21 - 30 67 47.9 31 - 40 59 69.1 41 - 50 40 77.6 51 - 70 62 50.9 71 - 100 43 77,1 lOO 43 65.2 The most effective way of improving the overall accuracy would probably be to calculate corrected herd averages. Use of progeny test results The most important task of the progeny tests is to provide a basis for the selection of bull sires and »ordinary» sires for production of female replace- ments. Keywords: daughters; fat; month; production; progeny; test; year
• Main trends in Hungarian agriculture by Szabó, Gábor (1973) - The significance of household plot farms is best reflected in the figures showing their proportion in agricultural production. https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=mQFz2Wo166-xSnLW.c0BpcJwIu_M3lD0nI2WWAg.K05UPkiklWUbHI9QajBNC9KYCwXPEesnOxoIB3kP0kbpVwhFXuZ_I8_kurFEi2eZQ1Dwk8LJq3RXoyRShCDQP4eICaNyOnt9sWsVUaklA_55ydrqYL8L_lmh7aS-v3Aeir4Ydz8UJfq0m0P__doukdb6bqE_5DCx2wMddQcnur1uU3Y 529 could be Utilized and thus to start raising agricultural production and the living standard of the peasantry. Keywords: agriculture; cent; farms; household; plots; production; scale
• Effect of dairy cow genotype and concentrate feed level on cow performance and enteric methane emissions during grazing by Ferris, Conrad Peter; Jiao, Haopeng; Murray, Stephen; Gordon, Alan; Laidlaw, Scott (2020) - This study was funded by the government of the United Kingdom (UK) as part of a project designed to help im- prove the UK GHG inventory, and was designed to contribute information on emissions from grazing dairy cows, and from dairy cows of different genotypes. Effect of concentrate feed level and cow genotype on methane (CH4) emissions from grazing dairy cows (mean of the three CH4 measurement periods) Keywords: ch4; concentrate; cows; crossbred; dairy; emissions; et al; holstein; milk; production; science
• The effects of microcrystalline cellulose as a dietary component for lactating dairy cows by Savonen, Outi; Kairenius, Piia ; Mäntysaari, Päivi; Stefanski, Tomasz; Pakkasmaa, Juhana ; Rinne, Marketta; Savonen, Outi (2020) - g MCC kg DM-1; 1Significance of linear and quadratic (Quad) effects of MCC inclusion in the diet; 2METAB = metabolizable energy based on tabulated feed values according to Luke (2020); Digestibility of conventional cel- lulose pulp (Saarinen et al. 1959) and dissolving pulp (Näsi 1984) have been found to be high, but information of MCC digestibility in vivo in ruminants was lacking. Keywords: cellulose; cows; diet; digestibility; et al; feed; inclusion; intake; mcc; milk; production
• Climate change mitigation and agriculture: measures, costs and policies – A literature review by Ollikainen, Markku; Lankoski, Jussi; Lötjönen , Sanna; Ollikainen, Markku (2020) - GHG emission tax, GHG abatement subsidy and GHG emissions trading A GHG tax (carbon tax) and emissions trading impose a price on GHG emissions, while a GHG abatement subsidy provides a reward for a unit of abatement – also providing an efficient price for emissions. J. et al. 2014. Keywords: abatement; agriculture; carbon; change; climate; cost; crop; emissions; et al; fertilizer; food; ghg; ghg emissions; instruments; land; livestock; manure; measures; mitigation; policies; policy; potential; production; sequestration; soil; tax; use
• Effects of lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on energy use and CO2 emissions in high latitude cucumber growing by Kaukoranta, Timo; Näkkilä, Juha; Särkkä, Liisa; Jokinen, Kari (2014) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Kaukoranta et al. (2014) 23: 220–235 220 Effects of lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on energy use and CO2 emissions in high latitude cucumber growing Timo Kaukoranta, Juha Näkkilä, Liisa Särkkä and Kari Jokinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Toivonlinnantie 518, 21500 Piikkiö, Finland e-mail: timo.kaukoranta@mtt.fi Effects of supplemental lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on weekly to seasonal heat and electricity use and CO2 emissions in cucumber growing were estimated in Finland. The study provides seasonal information on the effect of technologies used for raising productivity: lighting solutions and intensities, substrates and semi-closed greenhouse. Keywords: co2; compartment; emissions; energy; greenhouse; heating; kg-1; lighting; m-2; production; summer; use
• Carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes in lambs reared indoors, on cultivated pasture, or on semi-natural pasture by Stenberg, Elin; Karlsson, Anders ; Öghren, Camilla ; Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina; Stenberg, Elin (2020) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Stenberg et al. (2020) 29: 432–441 432 Carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes in lambs reared indoors, on cultivated pasture, or on semi-natural pasture Elin Stenberg1, Anders H. Karlsson1, Camilla Öhgren2 and Katarina Arvidsson-Segerkvist1 1Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 234, SE-53223 Skara, Sweden 2RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, P.O. Box 5401, SE-40229 Gothenburg, Sweden. e-mail: elin.stenberg@slu.se This study evaluated the effects of different lamb production systems on live weight gain (LWG), carcass quality and meat quality. It has also been shown that feedstuffs and feeding regime can also affect lamb meat quality (Watkins et al. 2013). Keywords: carcass; differences; et al; feeding; group; lambs; meat; pasture; production; quality; slaughter; study; weight
• Input saving possibilities and practices contributing to more efficient beef production in Sweden by Manevska-Tasevska, Gordana; Hansson, Helena; Rabinowicz, Ewa (2014) - Key words: beef farms, distance functions, efficiency, farm accounting data network, Sweden Introduction The beef sector in Sweden is facing challenges to its development. Review of related research and hypotheses about factors associated with the efficiency potential of beef farms Based on the existing literature, the factors influencing the economics of beef systems may be generally classified as: farm structure, capital use and regionalization. Keywords: agricultural; analysis; beef; beef production; cattle; costs; efficiency; et al; farms; grazing; input; livestock; manevska; production; region; swedish; tasevska; use

• Effect of daily light integral treatments on free amino acids and sugars contributing flavor and acrylamide formation in potato tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. by Rotola-Pukkila, Minna; Välimaa, Anna-Liisa; Suomela, Jukka-Pekka; Yang, Baoru; Karhu, Saila; Hopia, Anu; Rotola-Pukkila, Minna (2021) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 85–95 85 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.107898 Effect of daily light integral treatments on free amino acids and sugars contributing flavor and acrylamide formation in potato tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. Minna K. Rotola-Pukkila1,3, Anna-Liisa Välimaa2, Jukka-Pekka Suomela3, Baoru Yang3, Saila Karhu4 and Anu I. Hopia1 1University of Turku, Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, FI-20014 Turku, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland 3University of Turku, Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development, FI-20014 Turku, Finland 4Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland e-mail: minna.rotola-pukkila@utu.fi To study the effect of photoperiodic conditions on the chemical composition of potato tubers, seven cultivars, grown under controlled conditions, were evaluated for the content of free amino acids (FAA) and sugars. In this research, we study the effects of high latitude light conditions during the growing season on the quality of potato tubers. Keywords: acid; amino; analysis; concentration; conditions; cultivars; day; faas; food; glucose; light; potato; sugars; tubers
• Effect of inoculants of different composition on the quality of rye silages harvested at different stages of maturity by Jatkauskas, Jonas; Vrotniakiene, Vilma; Eisner, Ivan; Witt, Kristian K. ; Copani, Giuseppe; Jatkauskas, Jonas (2022) - Although the addition of homofermentative LAB strains was effective in reducing fermentation losses, it impaired the aerobic stability of rye silages. The results of our experiment show that rye silages inoculated with a blend of hetero- and homofermentative LAB (L. buchneri and L. lactis, T3) had the highest values of aerobic stability and LAB counts, the lowest fresh weight loss, and the lowest number of yeasts and moulds at mini-silo opening and at the end of aerobic exposure at all three vegetations stages. Keywords: acid; cfu; cfu g-1; crop; g-1 l.; l. buchneri; lab; rye; silage
• Testing the aerobic stability of silage-based mixed rations using a multiple indicator approach by Martens, Siriwan; Jilg, Annette; Schneider, Mariana; Misthilger, Barbara; Ohl, Susanne; Steinhöfel, Olaf; Martens, Siriwan (2022) - Example of normalized radar plots with aerobic stability indicators sorted by the occurrence of no yeasts + molds, only yeasts, only molds and yeasts + molds in (a) pressed beet pulp, (b) Total Mixed Rations. Silage Science and Technology. Keywords: acid; fig; institute; losses; n.a; science; silage; stability; table; temperature; test; tmr; trial
• Effects of blue light on physiological and biochemical changes in germinating cabbage sprouts by Liu, Yanbing ; Xue, Jiacheng ; Che, Gongheng ; Guo, Liping; Tang, Juan ; Guo, Liping (2022) - Blue light could better retain glucosinolate content in cabbage sprouts than the dark- ness. More isothiocyanates formation was observed from cabbage sprouts under blue light, which was a result of the promoted myrosinase activity and higher glucosinolate content. Keywords: acid; activity; ascorbic; cabbage; cabbage sprouts; content; darkness; et al; fig; food; germination; glucosinolates; light; myrosinase; sprouts
• Evaluating the effects of wilting, mixing with timothy and silage additive application on red clover silage quality by Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia; Manni, Katariina; Huuskonen, Arto; Rinne, Marketta (2023) - Low DM silages were poorly preserved with high pH, elevated acetic acid concentrations and proportions of ammo- nia-N in total N, as well as depleted water soluble carbohydrate levels. It is well established that LAB inoculants are not suitable for low DM silages, and most commercial brands recom- mend their use for biomass with a DM content above 250–300 g kg-1 DM. Keywords: acid; additive; clover; con; et al; fermentation; grass; low; quality; red; red clover; rinne; science; silage; timothy
• Effect of distillers yeast in feed on texture, fatty acid profile and antioxidant properties of breast muscle of broiler chickens: Effect of yeast on composition and meat quality of broiler chicken by Rybarczyk, Artur; Haraf, Gabriela; Tokarczyk, Grzegorz; Teleszko, Mirosława; Tobolska, Izabella; Bienkiewicz, Grzegorz; Rybarczyk, Artur (2024) - In comparison, high doses of DDGS (5–25%) in broiler chicken feed resulted in a significant increase in MDA content in breast muscle at 20% DDGS addition (Min et al. 2012). A, B = p ≤ 0.01; a, b and x, y = p ≤ 0.05; means in columns and rows and denoted using different letters differ statistically significantly; SEM = standard error of the mean A. Rybarczyk et al. 148 proportion of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in the feed from 5 to 25% affected the fatty acid profile of broiler chicken breasts and thighs by increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, a finding confirmed by Corzo et al. (2009). Keywords: acid; addition; breast; broiler; broiler chickens; chickens; diet; distillers yeast; et al; fatty; feed; group; muscles; yeast
• Influence of different production systems on the sensory attributes, fatty acid composition and vitamin E concentration in meat from intact male lambs by Stenberg, Elin; Olsson, Viktoria; Karlsson, Anders H; Wendin, Karin; Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina; Stenberg, Elin (2025) - Meat from lambs reared on semi-natural pasture tended to have stronger hay odour (p= 0.052) and leafy flavour (p= 0.078) than lamb meat from the production systems involving cultivated pasture and indoor feeding. Many different factors from farm to fork, such as breed, feed components, slaughter method and cooking method, affect the eating quality of lamb meat (Sañudo et al. 1998). Keywords: acid; composition; concentrate; fatty; flavour; lambs; meat; odour; pasture; vitamin
• Management factors affecting preservation quality of grass silage: laboratory evaluation and on-farm case study by Franco, Marcia; Manni, Katariina; Huuskonen, Arto; Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia (2025) - The use of chemical additives and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants has been widely studied to improve silage fermentation quality and preservation (Wilkinson and Rinne 2018). Salt-based additives have typically had minimal effects of silage fermentation quality (Franco et al. 2022a, 2022b, Franco and Rinne 2023), but in the current experiment, SA increased acetic acid concentration compared to control. Keywords: acid; additive; compaction; farm; fermentation; grass; kg-1; laboratory; quality; silage; silo; stability; temperature
• Assessing Estonia’s viticultural potential based on the compositional analysis of sugars and acids of wine grape cultivars by Rätsep, Reelika; Maante-Kuljus, Mariana; Karp, Kadri; Põldma, Priit; Koort, Angela; Mainla, Leila; Moor, Ulvi; Rätsep, Reelika (2025) - The fructose content (g l-1) in grape cultivars for the years 2023 and 2024 (A), and as the two- year average (B). The glucose content (g l-1) in grape cultivars for the years 2023 and 2024 (A), and as the two- year average (B). Keywords: acid; content; cultivars; grape; hasansky; l-1; marquette; regent; rondo; sladky; solaris; wine; years; zilga
• Selenium supplementation by addition of sodium selenate with silage additive by Seppälä, Arja; Albarran, Yolanda Madrid; Miettinen, Harri; Siguero, Maria Palomo; Juutinen, Elina; Rinne, Marketta (2014) - Selenium content and selenium forms in the silages Selenium dosed within the additive was evenly sprayed into the silage with the acid-based additive as indicated by the total selenium content of the silages being close to the theoretical concentration (Table 3). Expected and analysed selenium content in the silages. Keywords: acid; additive; content; et al; grass; kg-1; selenate; selenium; silage; sodium
• Characterisation of two unique unifloral honeys from the boreal coniferous zone: lingonberry and mire honeys by Salonen, Anneli; Julkunen-Tiitto, Riitta (2012) - In our study lingonberry and mire honeys were characterized. Lingonberry honey was reddish and had a flavour of toffee, whereas mire honey had very strong aroma and reddish colour. Keywords: acid; finnish; honey; lingonberry; mire; phenolic; pollen; salonen; samples
• Effect of storage time and temperature on stability of bioactive compounds in aseptically packed beverages prepared from rose hips and sea buckthorn berries by Andersson, Staffan C; Ekholm, Anders; Johansson, Eva; Olsson, Marie E; Sjöholm, Ingegerd; Nyberg, Lena; Nilsson, Annika; Rumpunen, Kimmo (2015) - C in header indicates significant difference between blend beverages RS and RSO (p < 0.05). Analysis of ascorbic acid For ascorbic acid analysis samples were thawed, placed in ultrasonic bath for 10 min., and centrifuged for 10 min. at 8500 rpm (Centronic, USA). Keywords: acid; beverages; carotenoids; compounds; food; oil; rso; storage
• Effects of copper glycine chelate on liver and faecal mineral concentrations, and blood parameters in broilers by Kwiecień, Małgorzata; Winiarska-Mieczan, Anna; Piedra, Jose Valverde; Bujanowicz-Haraś, Barbara; Chałabis-Mazurek, Agnieszka (2015) - Also, later studies by Makarski et al. (2009b) suggest that adding 50 mg·dm-3 of Cu chelate to water resulted in a statistically significant increase in Cu concentration and a slightly higher concentration of Ca, Zn and Fe in the birds’ livers. In the experiment Cu was added to the premix in the form of CuSO4 (16 mg, 8 mg Cu), and in the form of Cu glycine chelate (16 mg, 8 mg, 4 mg Cu). Keywords: acid; addition; blood; chelate; chickens; content; copper; cuso4; et al; form; gly; level; mg cu
• Phytic acid, inorganic phosphorus, antioxidants in bread and durum wheat and their associations with agronomic traits by Branković, Gordana; Dragičević, Vesna; Dodig, Dejan; Knežević, Desimir; Kandić, Vesna; Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana; Sečanski, Mile (2015) - Branković et al. (2015) found that a major source of variation for the PA content was a geno- type × environment interaction (GEI), followed by genotype (G) and then environment (E) for bread wheat, and the E, GEI, and G, in descending order, for durum wheat. Significant, negative, medium correlations were revealed for PA and YP in two environments, Pp/Pi and WSPH in single environment in bread wheat (Supplementary Table 3), and also for PA and WSPH in two environments in durum wheat (Supplementary Table 4). Keywords: acid; bread; bread wheat; content; durum; durum wheat; et al; food; g-1; genotypes; journal; phosphorus; psh; science; table; wheat; wsph
• Neutral lipid fatty acid analysis is a sensitive marker for quantitative estimation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soil with crops of different mycotrophy by Vestberg, Mauritz; Palojärvi, Ansa; Pitkänen, Timo; Kaipainen, Saara; Puolakka, Elina; Keskitalo, Marjo (2012) - In our study, the ratio followed closely the results of soil AMF propagule numbers and NLFA 16:1ω5 values. It can be concluded that crop mycothrophy has a strong impact on soil AMF content, which is an important factor to consider when designing crop rotations in cereal based agriculture beneficial for soil quality. Keywords: 16:1ω5; acid; amf; barley; bulk; crops; et al; fatty; flax; levels; mpn; mycorrhizal; nlfa; plfa; soil
• Changes in antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria induced by their response to technological factors by Šalomskienė, Joana; Abraitienė, Asta; Jonkuviene, Dovile; Mačionienė, Irena; Repečkienė, Jūratė; Stankienė, Jūratė; Vaičiulytė-Funk, Lina (2015) - LAB antifungal activity was significantly decreased only against A. versicolor in some cases of the tested chemical preservatives except sorbic acid (Table 4). The contradicting information about the changes in LAB antifungal activity due to variation in the chemical envi- ronment was observed. Keywords: acid; activity; bacteria; chemical; effect; food; lab; lactis; lactobacillus; preservatives; strains
• Chemical, enzymatic and physical characteristic of cloudy apple juices by Teleszko, Mirosława; Nowicka, Paulina; Wojdyło, Aneta (2016) - nf = not found AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Teleszko et al. (2016) 25: 34–43 38 Among the flavan-3-ols, one trimeric compound was identified in apple juices. However, some of the studies show, that the quantitative proportions between these compounds in apples and apple juices can be quite reversed. Keywords: acid; activity; alwa; apple; content; et al; food; fruit; gloster; juices; l-1; pinova; pme
• HPLC analysis of vitamin B6 in foods by OLLILAINEN, V.-M. (1999) - I N L A N D Ollilainen, V. HPLC analysis of vitamin B 6 in foods 2.1 Chemical and physical prop- erties of vitamin B 6 compounds 2.1.1 Nomenclature and chemical structures Free and phosphorylated vitamers Vitamin B 6 compounds can be classified as de- rivatives of 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (Fig. 1). I N L A N D Ollilainen, V. HPLC analysis of vitamin B 6 in foods neous determination of vitamins B 2 (riboflavin) and B6 (pyridoxine) in infant formula products by reversed phase liquid chromatography. Keywords: acid; acid extraction; activity; analysis; beef; buffer; c e; c u; chemical; chemistry; chromatography; column; compounds; content; d vol; data; determination; distribution; e n; enzyme; et al; extraction; fig; flour; fluorescence; food; food analysis; forms; fraction; free; g r; glucoside; gregory; hplc; hydrolysis; journal; l t; liquid; method; milk; mobile; n c; n d; nutrition; ollilainen; peak; perchloric; performance; phase; phosphate; plant; plp; pmp; present; procedure; pyridoxal; pyridoxine; pyridoxine glucoside; results; retention; sample; separation; solution; standard; studies; study; table; u l; usa; values; vitamers; vitamin analysis; vitamin b; wheat; ° c
• Use of inoculated lactic acid bacteria in fermenting sour cabbage by PETÄJÄ, E.; MYLLYNIEMI, P.; PETÄJÄ, P. (2000) - The nutrient broth culture count was 6.8 log cfu/ml; the aim count in the vegetable mixture was 3 log cfu/g. Grouping of sour cabbages The purpose was to examine how L. alimentar- ius and P. pentosaceus strain POHK ferment sour cabbage and the effect of these bacteria on the growth of yeast in sour cabbage. The pH value of experimental sour cabbage groups (1–6) during fermentation (0, 10 and 21 days) and storage (2, 3 and 5 months). Keywords: acid; cabbage; days; fermentation; n c; n d; strain; yeast
• Changes in the contents of kaempherol, quercetin and L-ascorbic acid in sea buckthorn berries during maturation by JEPPSON, N.; XIANGQUN, G. (2000) - Thus, the decrease in ascorbic acid content in sea buckthorn berries during ripening could be a prerequisite for the ripening process. In addition, sea buckthorn fruits contain the flavonols isorhamnetin, kaempherol and quercetin (Hörhammer et al. 1966). Keywords: acid; ascorbic; content; cultivars; n d; quercetin
• Morphological, nutraceutical and sensorial properties of cultivated Fragaria vesca L. berries: influence of genotype, plant age, fertilization treatment on the overall fruit quality by Del Bubba, Massimo; Giordani, Edgardo; Ancillotti, Claudia; Petrucci, William Antonio; Ciofi, Lorenzo; Morelli, Daniele; Marinelli, Cristian; Checchini, Leonardo; Furlanetto, Sandra (2016) - Mean concentrations of citric acid determined in F. vesca berries resulted similar or higher than those found for Fragaria x ananassa fruits (Perez et al. 1997, Basson et al. 2010, Crespo et al. 2010, Doumett et al. 2011); a similar trend was also ob- served for malic acid (Perez et al. Conversely, total vitamin C in F. vesca was found to be 30–70% lower than in Fragaria x ananassa (Aaby et al. 2007, Corral-Aguayo et al. 2008, Basson et al. 2010, Crespo et al. 2010, Doumett et al. 2011). Keywords: 2013; acid; alp; berries; del; doumett; emt; et al; food; fragaria; fruits; n.d; plant; quality; rdv; samples; tft; values; vesca
• Dietary preferences of weaned piglets offered diets containing organic acids by PARTANEN, K.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.; SUOMI, K. (2002) - In gener- al, dietary organic acids appear to improve the growth and feed-to-gain ratio of weaned piglets, but these responses can vary greatly depending on the type and amount of acid used, diet com- position, weaning age, and the animals’ health status (Ravindran and Kornegay 1993). The frequency of post-weaning diarrhoea was highest in piglets fed diets supplemented with calcium formate and lowest in piglets fed diets supplemented with formic acid. Keywords: acid; benzoate; calcium; diets; e n; feed; formate; formic; lactic; n c; n d; piglets; sodium; weaning
• Role of lipid reactions in quality of oat products by LEHTINEN, P.; LAAKSO, S. (2004) - During various process- es, cereal lipids may also be exposed to micro- bial lipase and the role of microbial enzymes in cereal lipid reactions is a controversial subject (O’Connor et al. 1992). Effect of malting on oat lipids. Keywords: acid; activity; cereal; et al; fatty; food; hydrolysis; hydroperoxide; journal; lipase; lipid; oat; oxidation; processing; products; reactions
• Germination: a means to improve the functionality of oat by KAUKOVIRTA-NORJA, A.; WIHELMSON, A.; POUTANEN, K. (2004) - Dalby and Tsai (1976) and Wu (1983) observed an increase in albumin content (rich in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophane) during oat germination, and a subsequent decrease in globulin and prolamine contents (poor in lysine) leading to increased nutritional value of germinated oat. It can be concluded that the research results on lipolysis in oat germination are to some extent contradictionary and further research is needed in this area. Keywords: acid; activity; barley; cereal; chemistry; compounds; content; et al; food; germination; journal; lipids; malting; oat; oats; products; science
• An analytical procedure for determination of sulphur species and isotopes in boreal acid sulphate soils and sediments by Backlund, Krister; Boman, Anton; Fröjdö, Sören; Åström, Mats (2005) - Determination of sulphur species in acid sulphate soils but still effective in preventing Fe3+ interference (Hsieh et al. 2002), is proposed as the preferable reagent to use when analysing AS soil samples. © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2004 An analytical procedure for determination of sulphur species and isotopes in boreal acid sulphate soils and sediments Krister Backlund, Anton Boman Åbo Akademi University, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, FI-20500 Turku, Finland, e-mail: krister.backlund@abo.fi, anton.boman@abo.fi Sören Fröjdö Åbo Akademi University, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, FI-20500 Turku, Finland Mats Åström Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden An analytical scheme suitable for boreal acid sulphate (AS) soils and sediments was developed on the basis of existing methods. Keywords: acid; avs; sediments; soils; species; sulphate; sulphur
• Preface by ÅSTRÖM, M. (2005) - The main reasons for this are that (1) the acid sulphate soil leaching has a diffuse character, i.e., the discharge occurs via hundreds of thousands of small, mostly uni- dentified ditches in coastal areas (mainly in Pohjanmaa (Ostrobothnia), Västerbotten, Norrbotten, and south-western Finland), (2) the acid sulphate soil leaching is complex, i.e., the source of the acids and met- als consists of natural sediments, but the mechanisms mobilizing these compounds are triggered by human activities, (3) the leaching from acid sulphate soils is mainly from agricultural fields, i.e., it is farmland drainage that results in acid sulphate soil development and since agriculture is already experiencing eco- nomic problems, there are political difficulties associated with attempts to highlight the problem. Unfortunately, there are a number of exceptions, and one of these is constituted by acid sulphate soils. Keywords: acid; sulphate
• Effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculants, formic acid, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of wilted grass silage by SAARISALO, E.; JALAVA, T.; SKYTTÄ, E. (2006) - �issertation, ��nchen, Germany.�issertation, ��nchen, Germany. In��uence of lactic acid starterIn��uence of lactic acid starter cultures on the quality of malt and beer. Keywords: acid; additives; e76; et al; experiment; fermentation; kg-1; nab; silage; sodium; stability
• Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow by PURSIAINEN, P.; TUORI, M. (2006) - Effects of cultivars on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition, and ruminal degradability of pea silage. Whole-crop cereal silage has been recently studied as an alternative to or in combination with grass silage in dairy cow feeding (Jaakkola et al. 2001, 2003) as it offers several benefits for the farms which are specialized in grass production. Keywords: acid; barley; barley silage; content; cows; dairy; digestibility; et al; grass silage; intake; intercrop; kg-1; milk; pbs; pea; silage; silage dm
• Performance, carcass quality, and gastric alterations in fattening pigs fed additives containing formic acid either coated with sorbate or mixed with lactic acid by PARTANEN, K.; KARHAPÄÄ, M.; SILJANDER-RASI, H. (2006) - � �0.5 9.5 �0.4 Methionine 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.8 Cystine 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.6 Threonine 6.9 7.5 7.7 7.3 6.9 7. � �.3 2.� �.4 �.4 2.7 3.� 0.5 0.74 Diarrhoea indexb, c �.3 �.3 2.3 �.6 �.6 2.9 3.5 0.7 0.86 a In pens with normal faeces, all the daily faecal scores were 0 during the whole observation period. Keywords: acid; blend; control; diets; fattening; feed; formic; grower; growth; kg-; lactic; performance; pigs; sorbate; � �
• Quality characteristics of edible linseed oil by NYKTER, M.; KYMÄLÄINEN, H-R.; GATES, F. (2006) - Linseed oil has a favourable fatty acid composition with a high linolenic acid content. Linseed oil contains nearly 60% α-linolenic acid, compared with 25% for plant oils generally. Keywords: acid; composition; content; et al; fatty; fatty acid; food; linolenic; linolenic acid; linseed; linseed oil; oil; oils; oxidation; quality; study; value
• The effect of mineral fertilization on nutritive value and biological activity of chokeberry fruit by SKUPIEN, K.; OSZMIANSKI, J. (2007) - On the other hand, all the fertilizer treatments applied in this experiment caused the increase of total acid content in the fruits. The contribution of both unidentified phenolic acids in total phenolic acid content in these berries was 38%. Keywords: acid; alkalin; aronia; berries; chokeberry; content; control; fruit; min; treatment
• Metal concentrations in oats (Avena sativa L.) grown on acid sulphate soils by Fältmarsch, Rasmus; Österholm, Peter; Greger, Maria; Åström, Mats (2009) - Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 45-56 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 45–56. 45 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received April 2008 Metal concentrations in oats (Avena sativa L.) grown on acid sulphate soils Rasmus Fältmarsch1*, Peter Österholm1, Maria Greger2 and Mats Åström3 1 Key-words: acid sulphate soils, oats, metals, NH4Ac-EDTA, (bio)geochemistry Introduction A total of approximately 17–24 million ha acid sulphate (AS) soils are found around the world, with the most significant occurrences in Africa, eastern Australia, Asia and Latin America (Rit- semaa et al. 2000, Andriesse and van Mensvoort 2002). Keywords: acid; c e; c u; concentrations; e n; n c; soils
• Efficiency of lupine seed (Lupinus angustifolium and Lupinus luteus) in sow, piglet and fattener feeding by Hanczakowska, Ewa; Księżak, Jerzy; Świątkiewicz, Małgorzata (2017) - Graf – – 70 60 – – – – – – Blue lupine cv. Graf – – 80 80 – – – – – – Blue lupine cv. Keywords: acid; blue; experiment; fed; feed; group; lupine; lupine cv; pigs; soybean; yellow
• Preliminary studies on using LAB strains isolated from spontaneous sauerkraut fermentation in combination with mineral salt, herbs and spices in sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice fermentations by Wiander, Britta; Korhonen, Hannu J.T. (2011) - Selection and characterization of mixed starter cultures for lactic acid fermentation of carrot, cabbage, beet and onion vegetable mixtures. Nr. 4 can be used in sauerkraut fermentations with good results. Keywords: acid; cabbage; fermentation; lactic; mineral; salt; sauerkraut
• Biosynthesis of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the leafy vegetable chicory by Mekky, Hattem; Mohamed, Maged; Lazarus, Colin; Power, J. Brian; Davey, Michael R. (2011) - Fatty acids were extracted from a non-transformed plant (A), and transgenic plants express- ing the Δ9 gene (B), a transgenic plant with the Δ9 + Δ8 genes (C), and the Δ9 + Δ8, plus Δ5 genes (D). Table 3 and Figure 6 show the concentrations of prostaglandins in transformed plants of the cv. Keywords: acid; c e; c u; chicory; et al; fatty; genes; n c; plants
• Effect of lactic acid on the meat quality properties and the taste of pork Serratus ventralis muscle by Grajales-Lagunes, Alicia; Rivera-Bautista, Cecilia; Ruiz-Cabrera, Miguel; Gonzalez-Garcia, Raul; Ramirez-Telles, Jorge; Abud-Archila, Miguel (2012) - Therefore, lactic acid treatment may be an alternative to extend pork shelf life. Lactic acid treatments were done based on randomized factorial design of two factors (Lactic acid concentration and immersion time) with two levels, 1 and 3% (v v-1), and 1 and 3 minutes, respectively and 3 central points (2% and 2 minutes), one replicate for each experimental condition was used. Keywords: acid; color; loss; meat; samples; taste; treatment; weight
• Postharvest quality response of broccoli florets to combined application of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging by Sabir, Ferhan K. (2012) - A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E F.K. Sabir (2012) 21: 421–429 421 Postharvest quality response of broccoli florets to combined application of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging Ferhan K. Sabir University of Selcuk, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 42075, Konya, Turkey e-mail: fkbasmaci@selcuk.edu.tr Broccoli is rich in health-promoting compounds such as ascorbic acid and glucosinolates. 1-MCP plus MAP application better performed in maintaining the quality of broccoli florets during 28-day-storage. Keywords: acid; broccoli; control; florets; loss; map; mcp; postharvest; quality; storage; total
• The effects of three silage inoculants on aerobic stability in grass, clover-grass, lucerne and maize silages by Jatkauskas, Jonas; Vrotniakiene, Vilma; Ohlsson, Christer; Lund, Bente (2013) - Silage fermentation and aerobic stability Chemical composition, microbial parameters and aerobic stability of the untreated and treated with TA, TB, and TC additives grass and clover-grass silages are presented in Table 3. In the studies in which L.buchneri was used as an in- oculant for silage fermentation, an anaerobic degradation of moderate amounts of lactic acid to acetic acid un- der anaerobic conditions was observed (Driehuis et al. 1999). Keywords: acid; kg-1; lactic; ryegrass; silage; stability
• Silage and the safety and quality of dairy foods: a review by Driehuis, Frank (2013) - The average concentration of butyric acid bacteria spores in maize silage were approximately 0.5 log10 unit lower than in grass silage and maize silages, with a high level of butyric acid bacteria spores almost absent: none of 197 tested maize silages ex- ceeded 105 spores g-1 and only 0.5% exceeded 104 spores g-1 (Table 2). Furthermore, surveys in Europe and United States of America have shown a high inci- dence of DON in maize silages (see next section) and the average and range of DON concentrations are similar in maize silage and unfermented maize products used as feed ingredient (Dänicke et al. 2000). Keywords: acid; bacillus; bacteria; coli; concentrations; contamination; dairy; don; driehuis; driehuis et; et al; food; grass; growth; journal; maize; maize silage; milk; monocytogenes; mycotoxins; products; science; silage; species; spores
• Microbial status, aerobic stability and fermentation of maize silage sealed with an oxygen barrier film or standard polyethylene film by Orosz, Szilvia; Wilkinson, John Michael; Wigley, Simon; Bíró, Zsolt; Galló, Judit (2013) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE S. Orosz et al. (2013) 22: 182–188 182 Microbial status, aerobic stability and fermentation of maize silage sealed with an oxygen barrier film or standard polyethylene film Szilvia Orosz1, John M. Wilkinson2, Simon Wigley 3, Zsolt Bíró4 and Judit Galló4 1 Szent István University, Department of Nutrition, H-2100 Gödöllő, POB 3, Hungary 2 School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK 3 Bruno Rimini Ltd., 309 Ballards Lane, London N12 8NP, UK 4 Szent István University, Institute of Wildlife Conservation, H-2100 Gödöllő, POB 3, Hungary e-mail: Orosz.Szilvia@mkk.szie.hu An experiment was conducted to compare a bunker silo sealing system comprising an oxygen barrier film (OB: 45μm thickness) with protective woven polypropylene with one comprising standard black polyethylene film (S, 125μm thickness) with protective tyres. Key words: maize silage, oxygen barrier film, fermentation, moulds, aerobic stability Introduction Many factors can affect the deterioration and loss of nutrients during the conservation and feed-out of silage, in- cluding crop maturity, the use of additive, particle size, rate of silo filling, packing density, type of plastic sealing and the fermentation profile of the ensiled material (Johnson et al. 2002, Holmes and Bolsen 2009). Keywords: acid; film; maize; oxygen; sealing; silage; silo; stability; system
• The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri inoculation on the aerobic stability and fermentation characteristics of alfalfa-ryegrass, red clover and maize silage by Wambacq, Eva; Latré, Joos Pieter; Haesaert, Geert (2013) - Since L. buchneri is a slow-growing bacterial species, the pH might drop slowly in L. buchneri inoculated silage, allowing enterobacteria more time for protein breakdown, possibly resulting in elevated ammonia levels and higher ammonia nitrogen fraction (Driehuis et al. 2001). Ammonia contents were systematically higher in L. buchneri inoculated silage for all three silage types, but this was confirmed statistically only in the alfalfa-ryegrass silage. Keywords: acid; alfalfa; buchneri; clover; dosage; maize; red; ryegrass; silage
• Recent advances in silage microbiology by Muck, Richard (2013) - Silage inoculants are widely available, but of greater interest has been research investigating why inoculants are so successful. The survival of silage inoculant lactic acid bacteria in rumen fluid. Keywords: acid; bacteria; ensiling; et al; fermentation; inoculants; lactic; lactobacillus; maize; microbiology; muck; pcr; science; silage; species; strains; techniques
• Changes in maize silage fermentation products during aerobic deterioration and effects on dry matter intake by goats by Gerlach, Katrin; Roß, Fabian; Weiß, Kirsten; Büscher, Wolfgang; Südekum, Karl-Heinz (2013) - Factors affect- ing the intake of grass silage by cattle and prediction of silage intake. Preference when expressed as DM intake was negatively correlated to silage temperature (as difference to ambient), ethanol and ethyl lactate. Keywords: acid; days; deterioration; dmi; et al; exposure; intake; kg-1; matter; n.d; preference; science; silage; temperature; trials
• The voluntary intake in growing pigs of four ensiled forage species by Sarria, Patricia; Martens, Siriwan D. (2013) - The consumption of the pigs on the Control diet (890 g DM kg-1 FM) was not significantly different from those on the C. argentea and C. ternatea silage diets, which had half of the DM content. In conclusion, C. argentea and C. ternatea silages have the potential to serve as feed supplement in pig diets. Keywords: acid; argentea; consumption; control; diet; forage; kg-1; pigs; silage; ternatea
• Heterochromatin and nucleic acid by Therman-Suomalainen, Eeva (1948) - It has, in fact, turned out that heterochromatic chromosome parts do not contain genes in the usual sense and neither do any detectable mutations take place in them. These studies have had the important result of bringing to light the decisive role played by nucleic acids in the organization of the chromosomes as well as in the whole cell metabolism. Keywords: acid; caspersson; cell; chromosomes; darlington; heterochromatin; histones; metabolism; parts; proteins; segments; thymonucleic
• Iron as a disturbing factor in the determination of phosphate by the molybdenum blue method by Kaila, Armi (1954) - T ISCHER (5) tried to mask ferric iron by potassium cyanide, but this procedure was suitable only for low iron concentrations. An increase in the amount of stannous ions is useful for ferric iron solutions of high phosphorus concentration, but increases the error if the phosphorus concentration is low. Keywords: acid; concentration; effect; ferric; iron; molybdate; phosphorus; ppm; solutions
• Some observations on the occurrence of azotobacter in Finnish soils by Kaila, Armi (1954) - A number of soil samples representing different soil types were collected from various parts of the country and tested for the presence of Azotobacter species. Occurrence of Azotobacter in soil samples The agar plate method was chosen to show the presence or the absence of Azotohacter in the soil samples, because it was thought to offer some advantage as compared with the solution methods. Keywords: acid; agar; azotobacter; chroococcum; cultures; method; nitrogen; peat; phosphorus; samples; soil
• Determination of organic phosphorus in samples of peat soils by Kaila, Armi; Virtanen, Oili (1955) - 106 ARMI KAILA and OILI VIRTANEN When new methods for the determination of soil organic phosphorus are repor- ted their superiority to the older procedures is demonstrated by comparing the results obtained by these methods from various soils. Generally the determination of soil organic phosphorus by two methods requires too much work and it is necessary to choose one of the methods. Keywords: acid; alkali; determination; extraction; method; peat; phosphorus; results; samples; soils; total
• Accumulation of fertilizer phosphorus in peat soils by Kaila, Armi; Missilä, Hilve (1956) - The total P, inorganic P and organic P content of the plots annually dressed with 0, 20, 40 or 60 kg/ha of P 20 5 applied as superphosphate is reported in Table 1. The data in the same paper indicated that during the ten years of an experiment the total content of organic P in a limed lowmoor peat soil increased due to the P fertilizers, and even more intensively than the corresponding content of inorganic P. Jackman (4, 5) has found a rather marked conversion of applied P into organic forms also in mineral soils. Keywords: acid; inorganic; peat; phosphate; samples; soils
• Lignin studies II. The lignin content and properties of lignin in different materials by Salo, Maija-Liisa (1957) - Even the usual lignin determination reveals a difference in the behaviour of lignin in different plant materials. According to Freudenberg et ai. (6) in lignin methoxyl must be attached to an aromatic ring in an ether form. Keywords: acid; clover; content; lignin; membrane; methoxyl; substances; table
• Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs: The effect on moulds II by Nikkilä, Olavi E.; Linko, Reino R. (1958) - Also the efficiency of hexa- methylenetetramine is slightly lower at pH 7, but ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate and vitamin K 5 are equally effective in neutral and in acid medium. When only the concentrations of the undissociated, microbiostatically active fractions are compared, it is seen that they are lower in neutral than in acid medium, which is in accordance with earlier observations (6). Keywords: acid; benzoic; growth; hexamethylenetetramine; medium; preservatives
• Availability for plants of phosphorus in some virgin peat samples by Kaila, Armi (1958) - EuSCp v'i 5.6 0.25 9.8 14000 640 500 78 135 Table 2. Inorganic phosphorus in peat samples (Expressed as mg/1 of soil) Extracted by Sample Total 0.5 N 1 % 0.1 N water acetic acid citric acid HjSOj 1. Changes in the content of inorganic and organic phosphorus in peat samples incubated for four months at 27°C Inorganic P mg/1 Organic P mg/1 Sample original incubated increase original incubated decrease 1. Keywords: acid; csp; inorganic; lcp; peat; phosphorus; pot; samples; scp
• Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs. III Hexamethylenetetramine as mold inhibitor and the antagonistic action of amino acids by Linko, Reino R.; Nikkilä, Olavi E. (1959) - The work described below relates to the antagonistic action of amino acids and some other compounds on the inhibition of mold growth by hexamethylene- tetramine. The variation of the respiration ofP.viridatum with increasing cysteine concentration in the presence (curve II) and absence (curve I) of hexamethylenetetramine. Keywords: acid; concentration; cysteine; effect; growth; hexamethylenetetramine; medium; respiration; tryptophan
• The formation of volatile fatty acids in the rumen contents of cows in vivo and in vitro by Lampila, Martti; Poijärvi, Ilmari (1959) - It may also be of prac- tical value in the study of the factors affecting the fat content of the milk since the decrease of acetic acid content is mainly compensated by an increase of butyric acid. % O= 12 Upper part 12.757.84 61.51.67 13.12.58 20.20.45 3.5 Lower anterior part 8.02 5.00 62.3 1.12 14.0 1.48 18.5 0.25 3.1 3 Upper part 15.87 6.52 41.1 2.51 15.8 5.57 35.1 0.97 6.1 Lower anterior part 9.70 4.81 49.6 1.60 16.5 2.60 26.8 0.49 5.1 6 Upper part 15.29 7.69 50.3 1.90 12.4 4.56 29.8 0.92 6.0 Lower anterior part 10.49 5.65 53.9 1.32 12.6 2.81 26.8 0.50 4.8 9 Upper part 15.34 8.53 55.6 2.02 13.2 3.68 24.0 0.87 5.7 Lower anterior part 9.44 4.91 52.0 1.32 14.0 2.63 27.9 0.48 5.1 On this diet the contribution of butyric acid to the acid mixture was exception- ally high. Keywords: acid; contents; diet; fatty; fluid; rumen
• Fertilizer phosphorus in some Finnish soils by Kaila, Armi (1961) - Soil phosphorus fractions in some representive soils. It seems that the fractionation method developed by Chang and for the estimation of discrete forms of soil phosphorus is not quite satisfactory for tracing the fertilizer phosphorus in soils recently dressed with phosphates. Keywords: acid; fraction; increase; phosphorus; samples; sei; soil; superphosphate
• Effect of incubation and liming on the phosphorus fractions in soil by Kaila, Armi (1961) - The differences in the various fractions of inorganic phosphorus in the samples treated with superphosphate and in the untreated samples are the following: I' ppm Loam soil Silt soil extracted Original Incubated Incubated Original Incubated Incubated by with lime with lime NH 4 CI 2 3 5 13 5 NH.F 58 58 60 39 40 38 NaOH 43 The corresponding differences in the values for the samples from the plots treated with hyperphosphate and from the untreated plots are the following: P ppm Loam soil Silt soil extracted Original Incubated Incubated Original Incubated Incubated by with lime with lime NH 4 CI 1110 2 1 NH.F 21 37 21 17 21 16 NaOH 23 27 12 25 30 16 H2 SO, 222 204 231 197 171 193 As could be expected, in both soils the hyperphosphate phosphorus is accumu- lated mainly in the acid-soluble fraction. Keywords: acid; fractions; incubation; lime; phosphorus; samples; soil
• Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs. V. The effect of benzoic acid on the sporulation of Bacillus megaterium by Häggman, J.; Nikkilä, O. E. (1962) - In the present study, based on the observation made in preliminary experiments of the authors (unpublished), that benzoic acid and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid inhibit sporulation much more effectively than the vegetative growth of some Bacillus species (B. megaterium, B. cereus and three unidentified species), attention has been mainly directed to the effect on sporulation of the preservatives mentioned. 98 Results Cultures in nutrient medium The experimental organism reproduced in a medium to which 1 per cent of sodium benzoate had been added (initial concentration 1.1 X 10“4-m undissociated benzoic acid/1; the dissociation constant of benzoic acid used in calculations was 6.3 x 10“5). Keywords: acid; benzoate; benzoic; cells; medium; spores
• Phosphorus test values of fresh and air-dried soil samples by Kaila, Armi (1962) - Therefore, the use of fresh soil samples is recommended. It is often emphasized that drying of soil samples affects the solubility of soil phosphorus. Keywords: acid; drying; samples; soil
• Fertilizer phosphorus in various fractions of soil phosphorus by Kaila, Armi (1963) - Then there is the question of the changes in the forms of soil phosphorus during the extraction procedure which may be quite essential when freshly applied phosphorus compounds are included. Fractionation of soil phosphorus. Keywords: acid; fertilizer phosphorus; fraction; phosphate; phosphorus; sample; sample c; soil; soil phosphorus
• Retention of the quality of blackcurrant juice in lacquered tinplate cans by Häggman, Jarl; Kuusi, Taina (1963) - Only after storage of 9 months was there a small amount of violet precipitate attached to the walls of scratched cans maintained at 18°C. In scratched cans, the sites of scratches were progressively enlarged, although only to a minor extent. Keywords: acid; cans; juice; months; storage; unscratched; values
• The effect of freezing-drying, cloudiness and concentration on the keeping quality of various blackcurrant products by Kuusi, Taina (1964) - Summary Experiments have been made in the development of various new black-currant products, such as cloudy juice, juice concentrate and various freeze-dried prepara- tions, along with a study of the effect of these different methods of preparation on the initial quality and storage properties. Cloudy juices The weights of the freeze-dried cloudy juice were checked as above; the find- ings have been expressed as percentages of the original weight. Keywords: acid; aroma; ascorbic; ascorbic acid; berries; colour; drying; freeze; juice; months; samples; storage; ° c
• Some phosphorus test values and fractions of inorganic phosphorus in soils by Kaila, Armi (1965) - Some criteria for evaluating soil phosphorus tests for lowland rice soils. Coefficients of determination, r 2, and multiple determination, R 2, for the relation between the test values (1), and the fractions of inorganic P extracted by NH,F (2), by NaOH (3), by NH 4 CI (4), and by HS2 04 (5) Sand and Loam and Test Coefficient finesand silt soils Clay soils All samples soils Bray 1 r 2 i2 0.80 0.94 0.49 0.75 R2 i,23 0.83 0.95 0.54 0.76 R2 i, 234 0.83 0.95 0,70 0.78 R2 i, 2345 0.83 0.95 0.70 0.78 Olsen r 2 i2 0.61 0.81 0.35 0.55 R 2 i,23 0.73 0.92 0.65 0.73 R2 i ,234 0.75 0.93 0.76 0.78 R 2 t, 2345 0.75 0.94 0.76 0.78 Acetate r2 i2 0.46 0.56 0.25 0.38 R 2 i,23 0.62 0.56 0.35 0.41 R 2 i,234 0.67 0,89 0.65 0.75 R 2i, 2345 0.68 0.90 0.69 0.77 Acetic acid r 2 i2 0.39 0.004 0.03 0.01 R 2 i,23 0.52 0.08 0.08 0.01 R 2i,234 0.56 0.18 0.13 0.07 R 2 i,2345 0,62 0.57 0.34 0.44 and 83 per cent of the variation by the variation in this fraction and the fraction of alkali-soluble P. In the loam and silt soils these parts are even higher, 94 per cent and 95 per cent, respectively. Keywords: acid; acid test; clay soils; fraction; phosphorus; sand; soils; test; test values; variation
• Effect of liming on the mobilization of soil phosphorus by Kaila, Armi (1965) - Soil phosphorus fractions in some representative soils. The traditional explanations that liming makes soil phosphorus more available either by intensifying the mineralization of organic phosphorus or by rendering difficultly soluble inorganic forms more easily soluble have not yet been proved by experi- mental evidence under the field conditions. Keywords: acid; incubation; lime; liming; phosphorus; samples; soil
• The most important quality criteria of some homegrown black-currant varieties I. Ascorbic acid by Kuusi, Taina (1965) - The degree of north latitude of the locality also seems to exert some effect, probably mainly because a latitude further north means a lowering of the temperature, and consequent retardation of the ripening, which again causes higher ascorbic acid values. Total ascorbic acid Corrected ascorbic acid 1962 1963 1964 Average 1962 1963 1964 Average I. Ascorbic acid mg/100 g fresh weight. Keywords: acid; ascorbic; black; brödtorp; north; results; values; varieties; wellington; years
• The most important quality criteria of some homegrown black-currant varieties II. Dry matter, pectin, acid content, colour and formol value by Kuusi, Taina (1965) - For the variety Noir de Bourgogne, grown in France, Gouny & Vangheesdaele (10) report dry matter values, arrived at by the same method as here; they found the maximum value (19.6 %) at picking time; subsequently the value diminishes slightly (19.3 % after a week). Acid content averages and standard devia- tions of black-currant varieties, and correspond- ing total ascorbic acid values. Keywords: acid; average; black; content; currant; degree; matter; method; pectin; values; varieties; years
• Determination of the complex of cell wall substances in plant products by Paloheimo, L.; Vainio, K. A. (1965) - % of total ash % of total cr.protein in in in in in in ethanol water ethanol water extracts extract residue extracts extract residue Oat shoots 48.8 26.4 24.8 41.8 2.6 55.6 Timothy, leaf stage 59.7 17.4 22.9 21.0 2.5 76.5 Lucern grass 62.7 17.0 20.3 36.3 2.3 61.5 Red clover, blooming 61.7 14.7 23.6 26.3 2.3 71.4 Red clover leaves 51.5 22.8 25.6 14.3 2.0 83.7 Red clover heads 49.4 21.6 29.1 36.1 2.4 61.4 Sugar beet tops 69.6 11.7 18.7 33.5 1.6 64.9 Chicken weed 54.7 25.6 19.8 31.9 1.5 66.6 Carex gracilis 55.6 15.1 29.3 20.2 1.2 78.6 Swedes, peeled 70.2 15.3 14.5 69.6 2.4 28.0 Potatoes, peeled 82.8 11.4 5.8 50.2 1.4 48.4 Sugar beet pulp 12.7 14.7 72.5 16.3 3.5 80.2 Brewers'grains 13.8 14.7 71.5 12.5 1.5 86.0 Wheat bran 24.2 22.2 53.6 19.4 3.1 77.424.2 in the final residue. It was proved (7, p. 9) that in materials containing a high percentage of cell wall substances mere boiling with water gives about the same results as the boiling with 0.05 N acid. Keywords: acid; cell; ethanol; materials; method; residue; substances; wall; water
• The effect of heating in food processing on the nutritional value of some common food fats by Uksila, Erkki; Kurkela, Rakel (1966) - The physiological harmfullness of heated fats has been manifested in experimental animals as growth retaidation (10), intestinal disorders (1, 2,3, 4,6), and as symptoms of avitaminosis- A and -E (1, 9). Carcinogenic activity of heated fats is reported by some research workers (8, 11). Keywords: acid; butter; diet; faeces; fats; lard; oil
• Release of nonexchangeable potassium from Finnish mineral soils by Kaila, Armi (1967) - Discussion The »more readily available nonexchangeable potassium» represents a rather indefinite fraction of soil potassium. On the other hand, depletion of available soil potassium by crops may decrease the level of potassium so much that diffusion of nonechangeable potassium to solution will be- come dominant. Keywords: acid; cent; clay; clay soils; content; nonexchangeable; potassium; samples; sand; silt; soils
• On the water-solubility of plant minerals by Mäkelä, Aarne; Kotilainen, Kaija (1967) - Calcium sulphate is common in the sap of the cell (water solubility 0.2 %) whereas gypsum crystals are seldom encountered (Baumeister 1958, p. 517). Even such a difficultly soluble Ca- compound as CaS0 4 (water solubility 0.2 %) occurs in plants in water-soluble form with the exception of a few rare cases. Keywords: acid; ash; ash content; calcium; compounds; content; fraction; grains; phosphorus; plants; solubility; stage; total; water
• Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland VI. Free amino acid composition of refrigerated and frozen rainbow trout by Sihvola, Ritva-Liisa; Laine, Jorma J.; Niinivaara, Fritz P. (1968) - The purpose of this work was to follow the changes of free amino acids in rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland during storage in ice at -f- 4 •• + 6°C and at 18°C. Samples for the determination of free amino acids were prepared as follows: The fish were homogenized in a blender. Keywords: acid; amino; trout
• Aluminium, extractable from soil samples by the acid ammonium acetate soil-testing method by Mäkitie, Osmo (1968) - Several other acetic acid ammonium acetate ex- tractants, from M acetic acid to M ammonium acetate solution were also used for stu- dying the extractability of soil aluminium. Aluminium is the most important soil acidity component in acid soils where the content ofsoluble aluminiumis also considerably high. Keywords: acetate; acid; aluminium; ammonium; soil; solution
• Trace element contents of plants as a function of readily soluble soil trace elements by Sillanpää, Mikko; Lakanen, Esko (1969) - Comparisons of soluble major nutrients ofsoils with those absorbed by plants have supported the use of this method in evaluating the availability of major nutrients in acid soils (Keränen, Barkoff and Jokinen 1963, Takanen 1963). In general, the availability of soil Mn is largely dependent on soil pH. In acid soils, like the soils in this study, the available amounts of Mn generally far exceed the require- ments of plants. Keywords: acetate; acid; ammonium; correlations; elements; groups; material; mineral; plants; soils; takanen; trace
• Less grown apple varietes in juice production, and the influence of polyphenols and added ascorbic acid on the juice quality by Kuusi, Taina; Pajunen, Esko (1971) - The browning of apple juice was influenced not only by the polyphenolase activity and the polyphenol concentration but also by the type of phenolic compounds. Two samples of apple juice were prepared of each variety and to one of these ascorbic acid, 100 mg/100 gof apples, (cf. Keywords: acid; apple; ascorbic; atlas; dolgo; erstaa; juices; losses
• Carbohydrate and acid composition of Finnish berries by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Suomi, Kaija (1972) - Whiting (1958) has studied the non-volatile acids of some berries, determining both the titratable acid and total acid content. Kuusi (1969) has published certain parameters of Finnish berries though no carbohydrate values. Keywords: acid; acidity; berries; composition; content; matter; seeds; total
• Chemical and organoleptic evaluation of some Finnish apple varieties by Voho, Kerttu; Varo, Pertti (1975) - Several extensive studies have been made on the chemical composition of apples and apple varieties (Lopetz et al. 1958, Kochan 1968, Bradley and Brown 1969, Holfelder and Eid 1970, Mohr and Adair 1970). Processing qualities of apple varieties and selections. Keywords: acid; antonovka; apple; atlas; juice; preference; storage; table; varieties; variety
• On the metabolism of benzoic acid by cows on purified protein-free and low-protein feed by Kreula, M.; Rauramaa, A.; Tegengren, M. (1978) - The conjugation of feed benzoic acid with glycine is usually quantitative, and it has been observed with rabbits that the reaction 180 rate is independent of the amount of benzoic acid fed (Bray et al. 1951). The capacity of 0-cow Oona to metabolise feed benzoic acid was less complete and slower than that of ULP-cow Euru. Keywords: 14c; acid; benzoic; cow; feed; milk
• The effect of feeding on the hippuric acid content of cow’s urine by Kreula, M.; Rauramaa, A.; Ettala, T. (1978) - Introduction In the urine of herbivorous animals, particularly ruminants, hippuric acid, a metabolic product of benzoic acid and its derivatives, is excreted. No statistically significant rise was observed when the supplement of benzoic acid was raised to B—lo g. When 2 g tyrosine was first fed in addition to benzoic acid the excretion of hippuric acid was at its lowest. Keywords: acid; benzoic; cows; feed; hippuric; urinary; urine
• Maize for silage: I. Conservation of whole maize plant for silage with treatment of preservatives and urea before ensiling by Setälä, J.; Seppälä, J.; Pulli, S.; Poutiainen, E. (1979) - This growth stage is considered early for making corn silage, because there is always a danger of a faulty fermen- tation producing acetic acid and alcohols and because the fermentation losses could be very high (Nehring and Hoffmann 1960, Becker and Nehring 1969, Giardini et al. 1976). In corn silage the fermentation takes place mostly during the first ten days after ensiling. Keywords: acid; content; fermentation; silages; urea
• Studies on the nitrogen compounds of the faeces of dairy cows fed urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen by Ettala, Terttu; Kreula, Matti (1979) - O-covfs ULP-cows NorP-cows n = 52 n = 19 n = 9 Dry matter % 18.1 d= 3.319.0 ± 2.915.6 ± 1.6 2.5 ± 0.72.4 ± 0.42.3 ± 0.6Total N, % of dry matter N soluble in 70 % ethanol, % of tot. N 82.3 ± 7.285.4 ± 5.082.3 ± 7.2 62.8 ± 8.561.6 ± 10.759.0 ± 13.9 *) P < 0.05 509 Table 2. Keywords: acid; amino; cows; faeces; feed; nitrogen
• Maize for silage II. The effect of urea and acid as preservative treament on rumen fermentations and on feeding values of silages by Setälä, J.; Seppälä, J. ; Pirinen, S.; Poutiainen, E.; Pulli, S. (1980) - Because of the low content of crude protein, maize silage should be supplemented at least by a protein concentrate. x s.d. x s.d. x s.d. x s.d. x s.d. Digestibility, % Dry matter 63.8 2.13 64.1 2.48 64.4 2.69 64.9 1.59 62.3 2.57 NS - Organic matter 67.4 2.04 68.4 1.50 65.1 2.61 66.1 1.98 65.8 1.91 NS - I Crude protein 62.4 3.74 64.3 2.05 61.9 4.93 58.9 2.50 63.1 2.86 NS Crude fibre 62.0 1.02 61.5 2.82 60.4 3.22 63.3 2.93 60.4 1.83 NS - Crude fat 80.6 4.51 75.0 4 20 71.5 5.67 76.3 4.66 76.9 4.40 A-B, C D N-free extracts 67.1 1.75 64.1 4.42 61.8 1.61 72.6 3.20 68.7 2.71 D-B, C - fu./kg silage1 ) 0.13 0.002 0.12 0.005 0.12 0.002 0.14 0.001 0.13 0.001 NS - kg silage DM/fu 1.48 0.021 1.53 0.019 1.53 0.037 0.38 0.020 1.44 0.008 NS - DCP, % in DM 2.11 0.41 2.85 0.14 1.92 0.31 1.25 0.13 1.28 0.01 A, C-D, E B-A, C, D, E g DCP/fu 181 10 221 18 171 12 91 7 97 8 A, C-D, E B-A, C, D, E The use of urea as a preservative can increase the apparent digestibilities of crude protein and crude fat in maize silage (Polan et al. 1969 and Kabuga et al. 1973). Keywords: acid; feeding; rumen; silage; table; urea; values; vfa
• The composition of the faecal microbial flora of milking cows on feeds containing urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen by Ettala, T.; Seuranen, A.; Kreula, M. (1980) - »Propionic acid bacteria» counts were 4 7 with both 0- and ULP cows, lactobacilli 3—B in 0 cows and 4—B in ULP cows, and micrococci 2—7 in both groups. Enterococci were 2—6 in 0 cows and 37 in ULP cows, and coliforms 3—6 and 2—6 respectively. Keywords: acid; bacteria; counts; cows; enterococci; faeces; feed; gram; ulp
• Effect of decreasing acidity on the extractability of inorganic soil phosphorus by Hartikainen, Helinä (1981) - https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=9cKDcXFD4a6ZW0FX.4_lgcX7zfWGYuz5ffKRn7Q.n59cwjbG2F1GdyRIX8Z73chyBGcxadgJ2zJIo3eduKcKB1w7DfNpchKTqEkZk9yKemZQ-Gf3lERR3HPsMdNcnuz602XgieKCf9UhF3pU47uldZ2vuFPZ79Hgt6p_UkxhmTQRYqwMzAO91iUG8wPx5L8iafddTOsmIN4ota-2VSNzPRIq3Q 17 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acidity on the extracta- bility of soil phosphorus. Reactions of soil phosphorus were investigated by a modified CHANG and JACKSON (1957) fractionation Table 1. Keywords: acid; desorption; extraction; koh; liming; phosphate; phosphorus; resin; results; samples; soil; water
• The interaction of microorganisms and the herbicides chlorthiamid and dichlobenil by Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi (1981) - Characteriiation of microorganisms isolated Twelve strains growing on acid medium A and 56 on medium B were isolated for further examination. In gas-chromatographic analyses the ether extracts of pH 11 of five weeks old cultures of Arthrohacter strains 57, 58 and 59 contained dichlobenil. Keywords: 1970; 2,6; acid; bacteria; carbon; chlorthiamid; cleavage; compound; cultures; days; dechlorination; degradation; dichlobenil; dichlorobenzamide; effects; fig; growth; herbicides; incubation; medium; metabolism; microbial; microorganisms; ring; soil; source; strains; test; value; weeks
• Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley: 1. Preservation and digestibility in pig by Huhtanen, Pekka (1984) - Thomke and Tiden (1973), on the other hand, re- ported significantly lower digestibilities for acid treated barley than for dried barley. Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 56: 255—263, 1984 Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley. Keywords: acid; aivb; barley; content; exp; moisture; molasses; wmbi2; wood
• Comparison of analytical methods in testing soil fertility by Niskanen, Raina; Jaakkola, Antti (1985) - The clay content of two samples was under 30 %, thereby these sam- ples were not clay soils. These samples should be classified as clay soils. Keywords: acid; acid ammonium; ammonium; ammonium acetate; clay; content; samples; soil
• Acid-neutralizing capacity of Finnish mineral soils by Hartikainen, Helinä (1985) - Addition of H+ ions to the edaphic system generally, but not always, de- creases soil pH; any alterations depend on the buffering properties of the respective soil. With the exception of heavy clay soils, oxalate-soluble Al significantly explained the variation in ANC38 , suggesting that dissolution of Al hydrox- ides acted as a sink for H + ions and contributed to the neutralizing capacity at the reference pH of 3.8. Keywords: acid; anc; capacity; clay; organic; soil
• Enzymes as silage additive. Effect on fermentation quality, digestibility in sheep, degradability in sacco and performance in growing cattle by Huhtanen, Pekka; Hissa, Kari; Jaakkola, Seija (1985) - There was a significant (P<0.01) interaction between the silage and protein supplementation: FM clear- ly improved the digestibility of enzyme treated silage, but had a slightly negative effect with formic acid silage. Enzyme treatment reduced significantly (P <0.001) the digestibility of crude fibre and improved (P< 0.001) that of the ether extract compared with formic acid treated silage. Keywords: acid; cellulase; effect; enzyme; exp; formic; lactic; silage
• An analytical and breeding study on fatty acids in summer turnip rape (Brassica campestris L. var. annua) by Laakso, Into (1986) - An analytical and breeding study on fatty acids in summer turnip rape (Brassica campestris L. var. annua ) The analytical error with PTV for most of the compounds represented less than 1 % of the variation found for fatty acids within a turnip rape variety. Keywords: acid; acid content; analysis; breeding; chromatogr; chromatography; column; content; erucic; erucic acid; fatty; fatty acid; gas; high; injection; linoleic; method; new; oil; oils; precision; rapeseed; selection; split; technique; turnip; variation
• Mineral element content of oats (Avena sativa L.) in an acid sulphate soil area of Tupos village, northern Finland by Yli-Halla, Markku; Palko, Jukka (1987) - Tupos soils have previously been character- ized in detail by Erviö and Palko (1984). As for Zn, its solubility in Tupos soils proved to be dependent on soil pH (Palko and Yli-Halla 1987), but the variation in the Zn content of the oats seemed not to be affected by this re- lationship. Keywords: acid; content; oats; soils; sulphate; tupos
• Diagnosis of plant viruses by nucleic acid hybridization by Karjalainen, Reijo; Rouhiainen, Leo; Söderlund, Hans (1987) - Index words; virus detection, cDNA probes, potato virus X (PVX), spot hybridization, sandwich hybridization 179 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=DjZpFvVO8uY2ig7J.plBsf58FTrthtEGT3tutMA.xMVE7-ZscQ6WTZCbwV2S3-LEOftKqYJAy3-gYyszGgRNTOcQ0mq0LIz6XC8CwCo5TNvLanMwiSmZxjiKBO1byla6mcy7FZHNJrHHa25OzZsZrrk4AnFfZcELoZhN2nhk-eVJ-bN2aCWjsY168WcboboR0eLbmDXLUz3-Ik63rpyMk8cfAnPfkJOoZGRAN_Bg-oe2d8n3OZ87r7r-9navboEjw3o Introduction Crop losses caused by plant viruses are cur- Use of RNA pro- bes to detect plant RNA viruses. Keywords: 1984; 1985; acid; cdna; detection; dna; et al; hybridization; plant; potato; probes; pvx; rna; sensitivity; virus; viruses
• The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage: I Biochemical changes in the silages by Rauramaa, Aino; Setälä, Jouko; Moisio, Tauno; Heikkilä, Terttu; Lampila, Martti (1987) - Assess- ment of the quality of AIV silage. Effect of inoculants, grain and formic acid on silage fermentation. Keywords: acid; aiv; cellulase; fermentation; grass; preservation; silage
• The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage: II Microbiological changes in the silages by Rauramaa, Aino; Setälä, Jouko; Moisio, Tauno; Sivelä, Seppo; Heikkilä, Terttu; Lampila, Martti (1987) - The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage. The effects of formicand propionic acids in the aerobic deterioration of grass silage in laboratory units. Keywords: acid; additives; bacteria; cellulase; contents; silages
• Single seed analysis of fatty acids and glucosinolates combined with meristem rescue in Brassica campestris L. by Sorvari, Seppo (1988) - Single seed analysis offatty acids by gas chromatography Fatty acid analyses were performed with modifications of the method described by Thies (1968). Preparation of single seed samples for glucosinolate analysis was carried out with modified methods of Appelqvist & Josefsson (1967), Lein & Schön (1969), Jurges & Thies (1980), Heaney & Fenwick (1981) and Daun & McGregor (1981). Keywords: 0,4; acid; analysis; concentration; fatty; glucose; glucosinolate; hours; method; outer; pmol; seed
• Adaptation of red clover to the long day environment by Pulli, Seppo (1988) - The aim of this study was to survey, for the purposes of breeding, certain adaptation characters of five red clover varieties and five local red clover strains grown in Finland. Leaf area cmVplant and individual leaflet of red clover varieties (V) grown 60 days at 12, 16 and 20 h daylengths (D). Keywords: acid; bjursele; clover; cut; daylength; development; flowering; harvest; plant; red; red clover; strains; table; varieties
• Effects of yeast culture supplement on digestion of nutrients and rumen fermentation in cattle fed on grass silage barley diet by Huhtanen, Pekka (1991) - Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 63: 443—453, 1991 Effects of yeast culture supplement on digestion of nutrients and rumen fermentation in cattle fed on grass silage barley diet PEKKA HUHTANEN Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Supplementation of the diet with YC had virtually no effect on rumen fermentation. Keywords: acid; culture; diet; digestion; effect; et al; fermentation; rumen; total; yeast
• Effect of dietary fish meal on the palatability and fatty acid composition of pork by Valaja, Jarmo; Suomi, Kaija; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Immonen, Irma (1992) - Test diets contained fish meal 0, 2.7, 6.5 and 13 %in trial 1 and 0, 2,5 and 10 % in trial 2. In trial 2, diets containing 5 or 10 % of fish meal were divided into four different treatments, where fish meal was withdrawn from the diet 7,5, 3 or 0 weeks before slaughter. Keywords: acid; c22:6; content; diet; fatty; fish; meal; pigs; pork; trial
• The effect of type of additive on rumen fermentation and digestion of grass silage in cattle by Vanhatalo, Aila; Varvikko, Tuomo; Aronen, Ilmo (1992) - The molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was significantly higher (PcO.OOl) and the proportion of propionate significantly lower (PcO.OOl) with acid silages than with E and NA silages. In total N (g/kg) Ammonia N 47 18 45 55 Soluble N 541 432 467 499 22 For silage additives, see text. Keywords: acid; additives; agric; degradability; fermentation; grass; lfa; microbial; rumen; silage
• The influence of partial replacement of barley with dietary fat sources on growth and feed conversion efficiency of growing bulls by Tesfa, Alem Tsehai; Tuori, Mikko; Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa (1992) - Major differences in fatty acid composition due to fat sources were: decreased palmitic acid (C 16. 0), in- creased stearic (C lg0 ), oleic acid (C lgl) and trans- isomer of oleic acid on RSO and TS diets. The only difference was that animals fed with animal fat had more saturatedfatty acids than sun- flower oil fed animals. Keywords: acid; animal; bulls; casfa; composition; control; effect; fat; fatty; fed; feed; intake; rso; weight
• Soil response to acid input in a titration experiment by Hartikainen, Helinä (1992) - The role of organic matter in regulating the acid- derived changes in soil cations was dependent on the soil pH. In both soils, the acid loading resulted in replacement of the complexed Ca by Al3+ or H + . Aluminum organic matter in acid soils: Keywords: acid; acidification; buffering; cations; complexed; exchange; meq; soil; solution; titration
• Evaluation of conditions for fermentation of fish offal by Lassén, T. Mikael (1995) - Lactic acid production decreased when 10% dextrose was used as a carbohydrate source, which again may be caused by initial suppres- sion of the growth of lactic acid bacteria owing to high osmotic pressure in the raw material (Hassan and Heath 1986).The decline in the lac- tic acid content of samples prepared with less than 10% dextrose, and also in that of samples with a pH below 4.2, in which growth of spoil- age bacteria could be considered to have ceased, may be explained by hydrolysis of fish bone, which neutralizes the silage. Lactic acid fermentation of animal by-prod- ucts can be achieved by adding LAB and fer- mentable carbohydrates to minced animal by- products. Keywords: acid; bacteria; dextrose; fermentation; inoculum; offal; potential; redox; size
• Lactic acid fermentation of fish offal and chicken by-product with different starter cultures by Lassén, T. Mikael (1995) - Hansen's Lab., A/S, Hprsholm, Den- mark, for providing the starter cultures and for her valua- ble suggestions on which cultures touse, to Mr Matti Laiti- nen of Cultor Ltd, Helsinki, Finland and to Mr Karl-Erik Forsman of FinnEwos Agri, Vaasa, Finland, for assistance with chicken offal fermentation, to Associate Professor Anne-Helene Tauson for constructive criticism, and for her skilful help with statistical analysis, and to Associate Pro- fessor Niels Enggaard Hansen forvaluable suggestions and comments. LA production from 5% dextrose for different LAB cultures (10* colony forming units/g) in silage made from herring and from 5% dextrose and 12% extruded wheatmeal:feathers (2:1)) in silage made from chicken of- fal at 25°C. 23 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND Lassén, T. M.: Lactic acid fermentation offish offal and chicken by-product with different starter cultures also inhibit further growth ofLAB (Baird-Park- er 1980). Keywords: acid; chicken; dextrose; fermentation; fish; herring; offal; potential; redox; science
• Effects of milk fat, unhydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on fat metabolism of growing pigs: I. Growth, feed utilization and carcass quality in pigs fed different fats and oils by Suomi, Kaija; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Valaja, Jarmo; Kankare, Veikko; Kemppinen, Asmo (1993) - The inclusion of high levels of animal fat (technical pig fat) into the diets also increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid and linoleic acid in the body fat (Madsen 1983). Finl. 2 (1993) https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=KGDpmAuZWrrRg85N.gVqR2nSeOnYOqKuCwwDegA.4FmHN75PRtsvlOvsEWVjVLBmfs3zAq1q0IyJEwXiFiWo3cy7Ka6a-uCNczdcgzwGy0ZquxP-_u3JWPaaVFdrBZ-62y7AeWtk9c6cB-GQmEzgDgdNsOUQmPYBCHnhXP2--crGI5mOTn2J6X_09xmWryJtdylXiD9ZSXW32pbCOxM9wKIB6jlKVF-sEo-Yq1FtoBsht1jGXdkrf4I1KRM1t8RV13SYs00hhWo6P2F-KIS_Hj3F_YD7eBUQVpc-Zzv7hAAv5gAYelOPFQhb_VUYqCxRdsNVB-AtUCZebF-c5dnHRJZr5Uvz-RINm3a9Yio2NiL5E2cRPSH4oyTj9nuoTrLseiw without the addition of dietary fat on a barley based diet because of the 2% fat content of barley, 60% is in the form of linoleic acid (Madsen 1983). Keywords: acid; fat; fats; fatty; hso; oil; pigs; sunflower; vegetable
• Plant-availability of soil and fertilizer zinc in cultivated soils of Finland by Yli-Halla, Markku (1993) - Therefore, this method was applied also to the present surface soil material, and relationships between Zn extracted by AAAc-EDTA (ZnAc) and chemically more specific fractions of soil Zn were investigated. 1 Soil Zn„ Zn AAAc Zn Ac Zn DTPA HSD00, 18 Zn+ 1.42 3.74' 9.40» 5.82b 0.47 Zn- 0.29' 0.68 2.07» 0.91 b 0.35 Difference 1.13 (12%) 3.06 (34%) 7.33 (81%) 4.91 (54%) 34 Zn+ 7.26' 8.37 10.65» 8.04' 0.97 Zn- 1.90b 1.99 2.95» 1.93 0.29 Difference 5.36 (59%) 6.38 (70%) 7.70 (85%) 6.11 (67%) 78 Zn+ 4.04' 4.65' 11.75» 8.29b 1.06 Zn- 0.94' I.oB' 3.46» 1.79 0.48 Difference 3.10 (34%) 3.57 (39%) 8.29 (92%) 6.50 (72%) 104 Zn+ 4.76 4.18 b 10.66» 10.42» 0.83 Zn- 1.00 0.95b 3.34» 3.70» 0.54 Difference 3.76 (42%) 3.24 (36%) 7.32 (81%) 6.72 (74%) 1 In each soil, the results of the samples incubated with and without added Zn were tested separately for each extraction. Keywords: acid; agric; carex; clay; clay soils; content; crop; edta; effect; experiments; extraction; field; fine; j. soil; matter; mean; mg dm; mg kg; mg soil; mg zn; mineral soils; mull; n.d; npk; organic; peat soils; plant zn; pot; pyrophosphate; results; sand; sei; soil class; soil ph; soil samples; soil sci; soil zn; soils; table; zinc; zn application; zn concentration; zn content; zn fertilization; zn fertilizers; zn ha; zn ox; zn rates; zn reserves; zn uptake; znac; znpy; znpy zn; zntot
• The influence of some starter cultures and GDL on the formation of biogenic amines in dry sausages by Maijala, Riitta; Eerola, Susanna; Hill, Pauli; Nurmi, Esko (1993) - The influence of some starter cultures and GDL on the formation ofbiogenic amines in dry sausages. The influence of five common starter cultures and glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) on the formation of histamine, tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine, spermine and spermidine in dry sausages was studied. Keywords: acid; addition; amines; broth; cultures; gdl; histamine; mrs; n.d; sausages; tyramine
• Propionic acid treated grain (oats) in the diet of horses by Saastamoinen, Markku T. (1994) - Use of oats treated with propionic acid in horse feeding was investigated in a 48- day feeding trial. Propionic acid treated grain (oats) in the diet of horses. Keywords: acid; blood; feeding; glucose; grain; horses; journal; oats; propionate; science
• Feeding value of grass ensiled with absorbents assessed in growing lambs by Sormunen-Cristian, Riitta; Mannerkorpi, Päivi (1997) - The digestibility of SBS silage was, however, improved by grFA as an additive. Digestibility of SBS silage was, however, increased when grFA was used as an additive (p=0.0003) owing to the nutrient absorp- tion capacity of the grFA product. Keywords: absorbent; acid; beet; effluent; formic; grass; grfa; msbs; sbs; shreds; silage; sugar
• The biotechnology of lactic acid bacteria with emphasis on applications in food safety and human health by Daly, Charles; Davis, Ruth (1998) - Requirements forclinical studies of probiotic foods for functional and clinical use. The biotechnology of lactic add bacteria with emphasis on applications in food safety and human health Charles Daly and Ruth Davis Department ofMicrobiology and National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland, e-mail: Dean.food@ucc.ie Fermentalion of various foodsluffs by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is one of the oldest forms of bio- preservation practised by mankind. Keywords: acid; acid bacteria; bacteria; bacteriocins; eds; food; health; lab; lactic; microbiology; new; nisin; potential; products; research; salminen; science; strains
• The effect of cell wall degrading enzymes on the preservation of grass and on the silage intake and digestibility in sheep by Jaakkola, Seija (1990) - Solub. acid acid acid acid acids N Experiment 1 Unwilted grass 57 336 Formic acid 4.06 15 63 18 0.8 0 82 3.5 63 605 Wilted grass 85 325 Untreated 4.40 2 93 30 0.7 0 124 3.1 113 704 Formic acid 3.98 36 64 14 0 0 78 4.6 52 589 Enzyme A 3.95 8 133 23 0 0 156 5.8 72 679 Enzyme B 3.96 9 131 23 0 0 154 5.7 72 669 Experiment 11 Unwilted grass 65 419 Untreated 4.81 1 8 61 12.8 0.1 81 0.1 148 736 Formic acid 3.98 41 52 12 0.4 0 64 4.3 57 670 E2OO 4.15 5 92 34 4.1 0 130 2.7 119 720 E4OO 3.96 9 111 28 2.2 0 141 4.0 116 717 EBOO 3.93 17 111 20 0.9 0 132 5.6 87 676 Table 3, In-silo dry matter (DM) losses (g/kg) and the amount and DM content of effluent (g/kg) from the silages treated with different additives. The FA silages were also well preserved (pH 4.0, ammonia N 57) with more restricted fermen- tation than enzyme silages. Keywords: acid; content; digestibility; effect; enzyme; exp; fermentation; grass; level; silage
• Carrot by-product fermentation quality and aerobic spoilage could be modified with silage additives by Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia; Jalava, Taina; Järvenpää, Eila; Kahala, Minna; Blasco, Lucia; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka; Kuoppala, Kaisa (2019) - By-products such as carrot derived feed materials may also have positive effects in feeding of livestock as it is read- ily consumed and is rich in e.g. carotene. Type of raw material and additive effects on the composition and quality of ensiled carrot by-products in Experiment 2 (10 kg fresh matter per bucket) after 21 days in room temperature Carrot with pieces Carrot without pieces SEM p-value Control LAB1 FA Control LAB1 FA R C LAB1 C FA LAB1 FA DM, g kg-1 60 61 75 60 64 75 0.9 0.46 0.17 <0.01 <0.01 Chemical composition, g kg-1 DM Ash 88 87 67 79 78 66 0.7 <0.01 0.47 <0.01 <0.01 CP 72 73 78 71 71 82 0.6 0.95 0.62 <0.01 <0.01 WSC 10 11 394 6 6 245 1.7 <0.01 0.89 <0.01 <0.01 pH 3.60 3.58 3.80 3.73 3.77 3.78 0.012 <0.01 0.73 <0.01 <0.01 Ammonia N, g kg-1 N 29 28 150a 29 28 165a 6.1 0.51 0.82 <0.01 <0.01 Fermentation acids, g kg-1 DM Lactic acid 192 190 2 139 141 6 3.0 <0.01 0.98 <0.01 <0.01 Acetic acid 53.1 52.3 5.9 33.6 35.7 6.4 0.70 <0.01 0.61 <0.01 <0.01 Propionic acid 4.7 4.5 0.9 4.0 4.2 0.9 0.09 0.03 0.92 <0.01 <0.01 Butyric acid 0.34 0.33 0.27 0.33 0.31 0.27 <0.01 0.41 0.14 <0.01 <0.01 Weight loss, % 0.21 0.63 0.25 0.38 0.46 0.13 0.094 0.65 0.03 0.30 <0.01 Yeast1), cfu g-1 <1.0×103 4.8×103 6.1×103 2.8×103 <1.0×103 <1.0×103 1.2×103 0.05 0.42 0.20 0.59 Lactic acid bacteria, cfu g-1 2.0×108 2.2×108 1.8×104 1.5×108 1.1×108 3.1×105 2.7×107 0.06 0.77 <0.01 <0.01 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Rinne et al. (2019) 28: 59–69 67 Discussion The composition of the carrot by-product raw materials was rather well comparable to the reference values for whole carrots (Luke 2019). Keywords: acid; carrot; control; ensiling; feed; fermentation; food; lab; products
• Agronomic characteristics and phytochemical profiles of advanced June-bearing strawberry lines for the northern Canadian climate by Xie, Zhichun; Fan, Jinshuan; Charlebois, Denis; Roussel, Dominique; Dubé, Claudine; Charles, Marie Thérèse; Khanizadeh, Shahrokh (2014) - Effect of storage temperatures on antioxidant capacity and aroma compounds in strawberry fruit. Cultivar based selection and genetic analysis of strawberry fruits with high levels of health promoting compounds. Keywords: acid; antioxidant; capacity; chemistry; compounds; content; et al; food; fruits; g−1; journal; phenolic; strawberry; total
• Efficacy of different additives in ensiling faba bean and field pea based whole crop silages by Seppälä, Arja; Rinne, Marketta; Huuskonen, Arto; Seppälä, Arja (2019) - Heating of high DM silage is a more commonly mentioned risk among farmers than heating of low DM silages. Reasons for that are higher porosity, difficulty to compact sufficiently and higher final temperature of high DM silage compared to low DM si- lage (Wilkinson and Davies 2013). Keywords: acid; concentration; crop; ensiling; et al; fbw; fermentation; kg-1; quality; science; seppälä; silage; stability
• Effects of sodium nitrite treatment on the fermentation quality of red clover-grass silage harvested at two dry matter concentrations and inoculated with clostridia by König, Walter; König, Emilia; Elo, Kari; Vanhatalo, Aila; Jaakkola, Seija (2019) - The restrictive effect of formic acid on silage lactic acid fermentation and the resulting mi- nor influence on osmolality might explain butyric acid fermentation in FA treated silages. In LDM silage butyric acid was detected only in formic acid-treated silage, and the number of clostridia copies was higher in formic acid-treated than in sodium nitrite treated silage. Keywords: acid; clostridia; content; fermentation; herbage; kg-1; könig; ldm; matter; nitrite; quality; silage; sodium; wsc
• Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) meals on the meat quality in broilers by Popova, Teodora Lyudmilova; Petkov, Evgeni; Ignatova, Maya; Popova, Teodora Lyudmilova (2020) - On the other hand, Schiavone et al. (2017) did not find any significant changes in the colour of broiler breast meat either fresh or subjected to 9 days of retail display that were due to the dietary intake of BSF fat. The proximate composition of broiler meat remained unaffected by the inclusion of BSF larvae (Cullere et al. 2019b) or other insect sources such as Tenebrio molitor (Bovera et al. 2016, Dabbou et al. 2019). Keywords: acid; breast; broilers; bsf; bsf meal; composition; diet; et al; fatty; fed; group; meal; meat; quality; science; thigh; thigh meat
• Mixing fresh-cut baby green and red leaf lettuce from soilless cultivation preserves phytochemical content and safety by Pignata, Giuseppe; Ertani, Andrea; Casale, Manuela; Piano, Serenella; Nicola, Silvana; Ertani, Andrea (2020) - In recent years, the use of red leaf lettuce in fresh cut mixes has increased because the consumers consider the pigmentation a positive characteristic (Martínez Sánchez et al. 2012). Total phenolic content Total phenolic (TP) content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, method, with some modifications (Zhan et al. 2009). Keywords: acid; content; cut; et al; food; g-1; harvest; leaf; lettuce; life; quality; results
• Age-related changes in egg yolk composition between conventional and organic table eggs by Baykalir, Yasin; Simsek, Ulku Gulcihan; Yilmaz, Okkes; Baykalir, Yasin (2020) - Total levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3, and ome- ga-6 are higher in organic eggs produced by younger hens. Vitamin K2 levels were higher in the organic eggs (0.23 mg g-1) than in eggs conventionally produced (0.17 mg g-1); however, α-tocopherol was higher in eggs produced conventionally (0.17 mg g-1) than in organic eggs (0.12 mg g-1). Keywords: acid; age; cholesterol; composition; eggs; et al; fatty; food; g-1; hens; levels; rearing; science; system; vitamin; weeks
• Hempseeds (Cannabis spp.) as a source of functional food ingredients, prebiotics and phytosterols by Grigoriev, Sergei; Illarionova, Ksenia ; Shelenga, Tatiana; Grigorev, Sergei (2020) - In Europe, the area cultivated with industrial hemp (dual-purpose production: seed and stem) increased from 15700 ha in 2013 to 33000 ha in 2016, with a further increase expected, mainly driven by the rising demand for hemp seed (Baldini et al. 2020). Hemp seeds and oil have started to be used in a vari- ety of food products. Keywords: accessions; acid; content; dual; feral; fibre; food; hemp; oil; phytol; polysaccharides; ppm; russia; seed
• Diets enriched in fish and rapeseed oils, carnosic acid, and different chemical forms of selenium affect fatty acid profile in the periintestinal fat and indices of nutritional properties of selected tissues of lambs by Białek, Małgorzata; Czauderna, Marian; Zaworski, Kamil; Czauderna, Marian (2020) - The concentrations (µg g-1 PIF) of total cholesterol (TCh), tocopherols and MDA (ng g-1 PIF)1 and values of the PUFA peroxidation index (MDAindex) in the periintestinal fat (PIF) of lambs fed the control and experimental diets Item Additive – CA YSe + CA VISe + CA SEM p-value Group Control CA YSe-CA VISe-CA TCh 72.3c 42.7a 71.8c 53.9b 0.2 0.04 δ-tocopherol (δΤ) 1.48b 1.38b 1.17a 1.17a 0.01 0.02 γ-tocopherol (γΤ) 1.17b 1.17b 0.97a 0.95a 0.01 0.02 α-tocopherol (αΤ) 2.38a 2.45ab 3.20c 2.51b 0.02 0.03 α-tocopheryl acetate (αΤAc) 3.47a 4.50c 4.04b 3.81b 0.02 0.02 Σ(αΤ+αΤAc) 2 5.85a 6.95c 7.24c 6.32b 0.02 0.01 ΣTs 3 8.52a 9.48b 9.38b 8.42a 0.05 0.04 MDA, 5.08d 1.74a 4.50c 3.17b 0.04 0.02 MDAindex 4 0.106c 0.036a 0.080b 0.077b 0.002 0.03 Table 8. The experimental diets with YSe or VISe reduced sums of long-chain polyunsaturated FA in the PIF compared to the control and CA diets. Keywords: acid; animal; białek; contents; control; control diet; czauderna; czauderna et; dietary; diets; et al; fatty; index; lambs; pif; science; sfa; table; tissues; tocopherols; vise; yse

• Chemical treatment of straw for ruminant feeding with NaOH or urea – investigative steps via practical application under current European Union conditions by Martens, Siriwan; Wildner, Vicki; Schulze, Johanna; Richardt, Wolfram; Greef, Jörg M.; Zeyner, Annette; Steinhöfel, Olaf; Martens, Siriwan (2022) - [g kg-1 DM] *** o *** *** *** *** ** * n.s. *** Ether extract [g kg-1 DM] n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. aNDFom n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Calculated forage quality TDN Keywords: adl; andfom; ash; chemical; detergent; digestibility; dm kg-1; g dm; g kg-1; g urea; kg-1; n.s; naoh; ndfd30h; o n.s; storage; straw; table; treatments; trial; urea; urea kg-1
• Gypsum and structure lime amendments in boreal agricultural clay soils: Do climate emissions compromise water quality benefits? by Ollikainen, Markku; Lötjönen, Sanna; Tikkanen, Tommi; Ala-Harja, Venla; Uusitalo, Risto; Ekholm, Petri; Ollikainen, Markku (2024) - Agricultural and Food Science (2024) 33: 90–115 94 Overall, experimental periods have been too short to provide a concise estimate of the duration of the impact of structure lime amendment and the application rate (Norberg and Aronsson 2022). The Finnish studies on structure lime amendments are of more recent origin and largely not yet published in scientific journals. Keywords: amendments; benefits; cost; drp; effectiveness; emissions; et al; finnish; ghg; ghg emissions; gypsum; ha-1; kgco2e; loading; materials; phosphorus; reduction; soil; soil amendments; soil p; structure lime; table; use; water; year
• Comparison of the effects of bio-based and mineral fertiliser use on heavy metals dietary exposure in six European countries by Domínguez Carrasco, María D. R.; Salo, Tapio; Keskinen, Riikka; Suomi, Johanna; Suomi, Johanna (2025) - Sch (re- sults in Table 3s) was further multiplied by current HM occurrence and dietary exposure data to estimate changes in content and foodborne exposure respectively in LexCountry´s crops and population. Calculation of HM content change factor induced by fertilisers use To assess the effects of BBFs on the crop HM content and further on current dietary exposure, we conducted 100- year mass balance modelling for several crops in conditions of Spain, Denmark, Hungary, Finland, Germany and France (Salo et al. 2025). Keywords: adults; bbfs; content; crops; data; dietary; efsa; exposure; finnish; food; occurrence; table
• Plant uptake of phosphorus from sparingly available P- sources as affected by Trichoderma asperellum T34 by Garcia-Lopez, Ana Maria; Aviles, Manuel; Delgado, Antonio (2015) - For accurate assessment of their use to improve plant nutrition, it is required: (i) more direct evidences of the effect of microorganisms on plant P uptake from specific P forms present in soil, (ii) a deeper knowledge about mechanisms involved in P mobilization in plant growth me- dia, and (iii) how these mechanisms interact with P-mobilizing mechanisms of plants. In spite of the effects described by Altomare et al. (1999) or Rudresh et al. (2005), little information about contribution of Trichoderma to P uptake by plants is available. Keywords: activity; et al; growth; ins6p; media; plant; soil; t34; table; total; uptake
• Fertilization effects of organic waste resources and bottom wood ash: results from a pot experiment by Brod, Eva; Haraldsen, Trond Knapp; Breland, Tor Arvid (2012) - Due to low N:P ratios (< 2–3, Jeng et al. 2004, 2006, Ylivainio et al. 2008, Jeng and Vagstad 2009), it has previously been recommended that MBM fertilizer rates should be adjusted to the plants’ P demands and to the long term P fertilization effect of the material, rather than to N contents (Jeng et al. 2006). P fertilization effects of waste resources Even though initial contents of plant-available P in the soil were estimated to be low (P-AL, Table 5, Krogstad et al. 2008), the soil still supplied plants with sufficient P. Therefore, P fertilization effects of waste residues did not become visible in biomass production or as P uptake during the present experiment. Keywords: biomass; bwa; cfs; dynea; effects; et al; fertilization; fertilizer; ha–1; mbm; plant; resources; soil; table; treatments; waste
• ß-Glucan contents of groats of different oat cultivars in official variety, in organic cultivation, and in nitrogen fertilization trials in Finland by SAASTAMOINEN, M.; HIETANIEMI, V.; PIHLAVA, J-M. (2004) - Ma- nipulation of oat β-glucan content using foliar urea. Year, location and cultivar significantly affected the variation in β-glucan content of oats (Table 5), as did the year x location and year x cultivar interactions (Table 5). Keywords: contents; cultivars; cultivation; fertilization; glucan; glucan contents; oat; table; trials; variety; year
• Properties and cleanability of new and traditional surface materials in cattle barns - a field study by KUISMA, R.; KYMÄLÄINEN, H-R.; HELLSTEDT, M. (2008) - SEM micrographs of the mechanically worn surface materials on the feeding table (a-f), magnification 500×. The codes of surface materials are given in Table 3. g) Concrete, oil-based SE biomassa (Co6) Fig. The codes of surface materials are given in Table 3. Keywords: c e; c u; concrete; e n; materials; n c; study; surface; table; u l
• Assessing the genetic differentiation of Holstein cattle herds in the Leningrad region using Fst statistics by Smaragdov, Michael Grigorievich; Kudinov, Andrei Andreivich; Uimari, Pekka (2018) - Negative Fst values were reported in our study, and based on Equation 2 and a simple simulation (Table 3) we show that there is a limit value depending on proportion of shared genetics after which negative of Fst values can be expected. The pairwise Hudson’s estimator of Fst values between 13 herds varied from 0.002 to 0.015, which is less than values usually obtained between dairy cattle breeds (> 0.1). Keywords: cattle; cows; fst; herds; pairwise; sample; table; values
• Studies on seed-setting in leguminous plants. I. Peas by Manner, Rolf (1958) - The length The breadth Number of Number of Number of Number of Length of Seed of the of the of the ovules fully deve- defective dead peduncle, weight, pod pods, milli- pods, milli- per ovary loped seeds seeds ovules milli- milligrams metres metres metres per pod First 64 11.5 6.5 5.7 0.6 0.2 101 1648 Second 65 11.5 6.8 6.1 0.4 0.3 84 1796 Third 66 11.9 7.0 6.3 0.6 0.1 81 1728 Central 63 11.4 6.5 5.6 0.6 0.3 88 1610 The brea- Number Number Number Number Length Seed of the node of the dth of the of ovules of fully of of of pe- weight, and pod number pods, pods, per developed defective dead duncle, milli- and pod position milli- milli- ovary seeds seeds ovules milli- grams metres metres metres per pod One pod per node Lowest 5 68 11.8 7.0 6.6 0.2 0.2 115 2084 Central 5 64 11.2 7.0 6.6 0.4 80 1886 Keywords: length; material; mean; node; number; ovules; percentage; plant; pods; seeds; table; weight
• Digestibility of brewers’ grains by swine by Paloheimo, L.; Jahkola, Berit (1959) - For safety’s sake the samples of faeces for digestibility determinations were taken as late as on the 6th and 7th days. In our experiments the samples were taken in the morning on two consecutive days, and each of these samples was used separately for digestibility determinations. Keywords: brewers; digestibility; grains; matter; substances; table
• Resistance to virus diseases of some F1 clones descended from the species hybridization Solanum demissum x S. tuberosum by Pohjakallio, Onni; Karhuvaara, Laura (1960) - The results of core grafting infections Distance from virus- Clone No. of Percentage diseased ear (colour Piece tubers of plants potato plants of tuber) inserted grafted infected m. 1956 purple 15 20 10 —»— *— carrying a bud 20 65 10 — »— — »— no bud 20 65 10 1957 — »- 33 36 10 —carrying a bud 22 59 10 no bud 13 62 10 1959 - 50') 24 50 —»— —no bud 49 *) 100 50 1956 white 10 0 10 —»— * carrying a bud 20 0 10 *— —no bud 20 0 10 1957 —*- - 21 0 10 * *— carrying a bud 20 0 10 — »— no bud 21 0 10 1) For setting, the tubers were cultivated in specially isolated plots in 1958, when symptoms of early maturity were observed in one of the 50 plants; this plant was eliminated on August 4. types of potato plants were cultivated at distances of only 1.2 metres from each other, transformation into an earlier maturing type of plant was more frequent than when the plam;s of the original type were cultivated in special isolated plots. Results in 1956 Results in 1957 Results in 1958 Results in 1959 Year of No. of Tubers Year of No. of Tubers Year of No. of Tubers Year of No. of Tubers infect- plants g/plant infect- plants g/plant infect- plants g/plant infect- plants g/plant ion ion ion ion 1952 3 87 1952 3 145 1952 3 119 1952 3 59 1953 3 83 1953 2 256 1953 3 92 1953 3 46 1954 12 170 1954 3 202 1954 3 257 1954 3 86 1955 6 57 1955 7 75 1955 2 66 1955 3 11 1956 5 124 1956 6 257 1956 3 106 1956 5 39 Healthy 28 330 1957 13 536 1957 5 75 1957 9 30 plants Healthy 10 526 1958 16 120 1958 5 55 plants Healthy 11 218 1959 31 247 plants Healthy 3 258 plants 77 considered quite conclusive. Keywords: bud; clones; diseased; plants; potato; potato plants; table; tubers; virus
• The survival of sclerotia of Sclerotinia trifoliorum erikss. on the soil and the occurrence of clover rot in various years by Halkilahti, Anna-Marja (1962) - It is generally considered at the present time that Sclerotinia trifoliorum sur- vives during the summertime mainly in the form of sclerotia. Thus sclerotia are able to live for many years, although in general they are often rapidly destroyed in the soil. Keywords: apothecia; clover; conditions; sclerotia; soil; survival; table; trifoliorum; years
• On the influence of geological factors upon plant nutrient content of peats by Salmi, Martti (1963) - Molybdenum occurs in peat samples from many profiles at Riivijänkä most often as 10—200 ppm of peat ash, but values less than 10 ppm are fairly frequent. According to Pääkkönen (22) antimonite has been observed in the outcrop at this site, and peat samples were taken some 10 m away from a bog by the side of a Table 7. Keywords: aitoneva; ash; bog; contents; copper; elements; matter; peat; peat ash; phosphorus; ppm; samples; table; values
• The influence of seed size on emergence of seedlings and plant development in grain crops with special reference to seeding depth by Manner, Rolf (1963) - In each pair of small seeds and large seeds both seed batches were obtained from the same cultivation lot by grading. After preliminary cleaning, the seed was graded to effect a division of each seed lot into three parts: (1) about 10 %, small seeds; (2) about 80 %, »medium large» seeds; and (3) about 10 %, large seeds. Keywords: depth; seeding; seedlings; seeds; table
• Vaaramoreenin lannoitus- ja kalkituskokeen tuloksia by Luostarinen, Heikki (1967) - N = 15 kg/ha N kalkkisalpietarina, P = 21.9 kg/ha P super- fosfaattina ja K Rikkakasveista nurmilauhan osuus on pienentynyt kalkituksen ja monipuolisen lannoituksen seurauksena. Keywords: group; kalkituksen; koejäsenryhmä; liming; npk; table; taulukko; treatment; vaikutus; years
• Determination of free and combined plant acids by Salo, Maija-Liisa; Kotilainen, Kaija (1969) - The non- volatile organic acids or plant acids (Ranson 1965), as they are called in the book Plant Biochemistry, are of such abundance in many plant materials that they constitute an important taste factor. Moreover, plant acids are a noteworthy factor in the preparation of silage; the acids, which in the plant occur partly in a free state and partly as salts, form an efficient buffer system (Playne & McDonald 1966, Whittenbury et al. 1967). Keywords: acidity; acids; cations; determination; plant; plant acids; results; table; total; water
• Variations in serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium levels due to stage of lactation, season, and age in Ayrshire cows injected with vitamin D3 prior to calving by Kossila, Vappu; Niemelä, Paavo; Koskenkorva, Erkki (1970) - According to Muir et al. (1968), vitamin D fed cows recovered faster from hypocalcemia induced by Edta infusion than normal cows or cows with history of milk fever. Even though the serum magnesium level as a whole tended to be lower in lactating than in dry cows, the highest mean value (2.01 mg%) was noted during the days 16—30postp., this value being significantly (P < 0.002**) higher than those obtained during other phases after calving (Table 1). Keywords: calcium; calving; cows; day; group; level; magnesium; milk; period; phosphorus; serum; table; vitamin
• Effect of iodine deficiency on the reproductive performance of female rats and the viability and growth rate of their progeny by Kossila, Vappu; Myllymaa, Ritva (1970) - The progeny oftheBx rats kept on commercial dietafter weaning had significantly heavier thyroids (d 13.06 and ? 9.88 mg) than the controls, but significantly smaller thy- roids than those kept on iodine deficient diet respectively (Bx tj 26.49 and ? It was found, however, that iodine deficiency: a) delayed significantly the conception of the second generation females (C 2) (Table 3) but was quite ineffective in the first generation females (Bx, Cx) (Tables 2 & 4), b) did not sig- nificantly affect the number ofpups dropped or their birth weight, c) increased pup mortality during suckling period, d) tended to decrease the weight of the female sex organs ofadult rats (Table 5), e) increased the absolute thyroid weight more rapidly in young growing rats than in old fullgrown rats (Tables 3, 4 & 5),and more rapidly in growing males than females, 144 f) decreased significantly and progressively the PBI level in the serum ofadult females which had pregnancies and lactations, g) obviously adversely affected the milk secretion of Ct rats during their second lactation on iodine deficient diet (Experiment II) as judged from the growth rate of theirpups during o—ls0—15 days after birth, h) did not adversely affect the growth rate of the suckling offspring of the dams during their first lactation on iodine deficient diet (Tables 3 & 4), i) did not significantly affect the rate of gain of the young rats from weaning up to 60-days of age. Keywords: body; dams; days; diet; experiment; growth; iodine; pups; rats; table; thyroid; weight
• On the nature and incidence of goitre in Finnish dairy calf population by Kossila, Vappu; Lehtonen, Ulla-Riitta; Sulkinoja, Maija-Leena; Myllymaa, Ritva (1970) - Thyroid weight correlated very closely with Eg (.86) and fairly closely with histological activity (.37), Ea (.40), E % (.39), and C % (—.40) and to a lesser extent also with FN (—.10) and S % (.20). The data included both Ayrshires (375 Keywords: activity; areas; carcass; characteristics; control; goitre; mean; study; table; thyroid; weight
• Evaluation of carcass quality of live pigs at weights of 60 kg and 90 kg by Uusisalmi, Unto (1971) - Relationship of live measurements and carcass characteristics of swine. The back fat can be estimated from measurements at live weights of 60 kg (R 2 = 0.53) and 90 kg (R 2 = 0.75). Keywords: carcass; characteristics; dorsi; evaluation; fat; left; length; measurements; muscle; pigs; table; weight
• Effects of soil moisture on the germination and emergence of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) by Aura, Erkki (1975) - Effect of soil water potential 31 a. Arrangement of experiment 31 b. Effects of soil water potential on seedling emergence 35 4. Hunter and Erickson (1952) have studied the effects of soil water potential on the germination of sugar beet. Keywords: air; atm; beet seed; beet seedling; clay soil; diffusion; effects; experiments; figure; germination; oxygen; peg; results; sand soil; seed; seed bed; seed germination; seedling emergence; soil moisture; soil seed; soil water; solution; study; sugar beet; table; value; water air; water content; water diffusivity; water intake; water potential
• Estimation of carcass characteristics in young beef cattle by Ruohomäki, Hilkka (1975) - n = 205 b) Carcass quality scores and carcass weight carcass composition. n= 94 b) Carcass quality scores and carcass weight carcass composition. Keywords: age; bone; carcass composition; carcass meat; carcass quality; carcass weight; correlations; cutting; experiment; fat; fore; hind; live; measurements; meat; quarters; r r; results; shanks; study; table; width; y =; year olds
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons in beef, cow liver and milk products and total mercury in cow liver by Tyllinen, Hilkka; Karppanen, Eeva; Nurmi, Esko (1975) - Foreign beef and liver samples were obtained in connection with customs clearance of food lots coming from different countries (Table 1). Butter, cheese and milk powder samples were obtained from dairies opera- ting in different parts of Finland. Keywords: ddt; liver; mercury; milk; n.d; pcb; samples; table; total
• Experiences in the evaluation of carcass value of live pigs by ultrasonic photography by Varo, Mikko; Perälä, Marjatta; Ojala, Matti; Varo, Hannu (1975) - Correlation coefficients between ultrasonic and carcass measurements of lean area. Correlation coefficients between ultrasonic and carcass measurements of lean area and amount of lean + bone in half-carcass. Keywords: area; carcass; coefficients; correlation; fat; lean; measurements; ratio; table; test; thickness; total; ultrasonic; value
• The effect of calcium silicate in barley pot experiments by Uhlen, Gotfred (1974) - Soil silicon and plant nutrition. In classical Norwegian works (Garder 1930, Seme 1943), and in a number of works referred to by Fidanovski (1968) and others, silica has increased the solubility of soil phosphorus. Keywords: barley; calcium; grain; lime; percent; plant; potassium; silicate; silicon; soil; straw; table; year
• Genetic and morphologic characteristics of the gigantic mutant of oats, Avena saliva L by Ahokas, Hannu (1976) - 4. Estimated by D. 1972 1973 1974 Hannes HA 68 2Hannes Fj HA 68 2 Hannes F 2(gig) 3. Silhouettes of oat plants at or shortly after the anthesis. Keywords: 68—2; gig; hannes; i.ooo; mutant; number; oats; plants; table
• Transmission of cocoa viruses by mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) by Roivainen, Osmo (1976) - Number of nymphs Infection Infection rate, y per test plant rate % ± error1 ) 1 55/230 23.9 ± 5.7 23.9 2 39/108 36.1 ± 9.5 20.1 3 38/65 58.5 ± 12.7 25.4 4 44/82 53.7 ± 11.4 17.5 5 33/52 63.5 ± 14.0 18.3 6 37/50 74.0 ± 13.2 20.1 7 41/56 73.2 ± 12.5 17.2 8 27/36 75.0 ± 15.5 15.9 9 17/21 81.0 ± 17.0 16.8 10 17/19 89.5 ± 16.4 20.2 J) 95 % confidence limits for a proportion corrected for continuity. 3.9.3 Using each mean value of p* (Table 30, lA— BD), infection rate estimates were calculated for 1,2, 3,4, 5 and 8 nymphs per test plant as follows: Number of nymphs Infection rate (%) according to p* Range of per test plant A B C D A—D 1 9.9 14,7 23.5 43.6 33,7 2 18.7 27.1 41.2 63.9 45.2 3 26.7 37.5 54.8 74.5 47.8 4 33.9 46.2 65.1 80.9 47.0 5 40.3 53.5 73.0 85.1 44.8 8 56.0 69.4 87.3 91.7 35.7 Assuming that 100 test plants were used in each treatment (IA — BD), and rounding off the decimals, the following infection rates and chi-squares can be obtained (Table 31). Keywords: aat; acquisition; beans; cocoa; cocoa res; cocoa seedlings; cocoa virus; cssv; cssv 1a; days; experiment; fasting; feeding; food; hours; infection rate; inst; isolate; length; mealybugs; nymphs; p. njalensis; plants; posnette; rep; seedlings; source plants; table; test; test plants; time; uptake; virus; virus source; virus symptoms; virus transmission; viruses
• The effect of some gram-negative bacteria on the ripening and quality of dry sausage by Petäjä, Esko (1977) - Keller and Meyer (1954) inoculated dry sausages with 5 Escherichia, 2 Alcaligenes, 1 Pseudomonas and 2 Achromobacter strains and found one Escherichia strain to have an especially favourable effect on the flavour of dry sausage, this being caused by fat breakdown products. The flavour of Aeromonas x + Lactobacillus sausages was better at the 0.05 level than Micrococcus Lactobacillus sausages. Keywords: aeromonas; bacteria; consistency; control; control sausages; days; effect; flavour; gram; group; lactobacilli; lactobacillus group; lactobacillus number; lactobacillus sausages; mean; micrococcus; negative; nitrate; number; ripening; s.d.m; samples; sausage group; starter; strains; table; value
• Accuracy of timing in some time study methods by Pehkonen, Aarne (1978) - Thus the results obtained with the aid of a work study simulator in laboratory conditions may, with certain reservations, be applied also to corresponding measuring situations in normal time studies. In the accuracy comparison of time study methods the following require- ments were placed on the series of events describing the job adopted as the object of the study: 18 The order and duration of the different elements of the series of events must be changeable. Keywords: accuracy; deviation; emin; equipment; errors; factors; factors material; material; measurement; measuring; measuring accuracy; measuring error; method; model; results; studies; study equipment; study material; table; test; test persons; test results; time studies; time study; times; timing; training; use; value; variables; watch; work measurement; work study
• Adaptation of silage maize varieties under extreme northern growing condions in Finland by Pulli, Seppo; Tigerstedt, P. M. A.; Kara, Osmo (1979) - Ears ACG 201 50.9»» 8.04» .38»» 15.8»» 4.7 12.9 Forla 47.4»» 7.78»» .49»» 16.4» 6.3 25.0 LG 11 47.2»» 7.51»» .50»» 15.9»» 6.7 8.4 CP 170 48.5»» 7.28»» .47»» 15.0» 6.4 16.4 ACG 185 47.6»» 7.28»» .48»» 15.6»» 6.6 16.2 LG 9 46.9»» 7.15»» .47»» 15.3»» 6.5 10.3 Rubis 9 43.5 ab 6.86»» ,38a » 15.7»» 5.6 19.3 ACG 189 45.8a» 6.77»» .47»» 14.8» 6.9 19.3 ACG 167 45.8a » 6.69»» .54» 14.6ab 8.1 19.9 Hansa 41.7a » 6.65»» ,35ab 16.8cKeywords: days; growing; maize; table; tons; varieties; yields
• Effect of moisture and freezing on some physical properties of clay soils from plough layer by Kivisaari, Simo (1979) - In the same Wollny’s annal, Ulrich (1897/98) points out the significance of salt concentration on the freezing point of soil water, and notes that different salts affect the soil differently. Thus, he wonders what the real effects of salt concentrations on the subcooling of soil water are. Keywords: air; bar; clay aggregates; clay samples; clay soil; drying; effect; field; freezing; increase; pore; potentials; results; s °; samples c; silty clay; soil aggregates; soil cylinders; soil freezing; soil frost; soil moisture; soil samples; soil sci; soil structure; soil surface; soil temperature; soil volume; soil water; soils; table; temperature; total; volume; water content; water movement; water potential; water retention; wet; ° c
• Seed-borne fungi on cruciferous cultivated plants in Finland and their importance in seedling raising by Tahvonen, Risto (1979) - Occurance of Sclerotinia stalk rot in cabbage seed plants in Skagit County, Washington, in 1948. R. solani is carried as mycelia on the surface of the seed, as sclerotia or mycelia under the seed coat or even deep down inside the seed (Baker 1947), but remains viable in cabbage seeds for less than ten months (Neer- gaard 1969). Keywords: alternaria; borne; brassicicola; cabbage; cabbage seed; cauliflower; content; damage; effect; fig; fungi; fungus; lingam; neergaard; peat; plants; radish; rape; red; seed; seed lots; seedlings; species; substrate; table; temperature; turnip; white; white cabbage
• Nutritive value of full-fat rapeseeds for growing pigs by Salo, Maija-Liisa (1980) - The cell count method with joint samples of cow milk has been in progress in Finland since the beginning of 1978, as far as herds subjected to milk recording are concerned. Quantitative errors consist of poorly composed diet or overfeeding; change of feed of freshly cut roughage with excessive quantities of concentrates feed consisting of legumes possibly with high contents of oestrogens feeding excessive amounts of protein to heifers in calf feeding excessive amounts of protein to milking cows Keywords: 1978; age; average; cases; clinical; connection; correlation; cows; cowsheds; dairy; effect; end; et al; factors; farms; herd b; herds; incidence; increase; index; information; injury; level; machines; mastitis; mastitis cases; mastitis control; material; mean; milk; milking; number; occurrence; results; skin; stall; study; table; teat; teat end; udder; udder health; vacuum; vet; years
• Udder diseases in dairy cows — field observations on incidence, somatic and environmental factors, and control by Saloniemi, Hannu (1980) - The cell count method with joint samples of cow milk has been in progress in Finland since the beginning of 1978, as far as herds subjected to milk recording are concerned. Quantitative errors consist of poorly composed diet or overfeeding; change of feed of freshly cut roughage with excessive quantities of concentrates feed consisting of legumes possibly with high contents of oestrogens feeding excessive amounts of protein to heifers in calf feeding excessive amounts of protein to milking cows Keywords: 1978; age; average; cases; clinical; connection; correlation; cows; cowsheds; dairy; effect; end; et al; factors; farms; herd b; herds; incidence; increase; index; information; injury; level; machines; mastitis; mastitis cases; mastitis control; material; mean; milk; milking; number; occurrence; results; skin; stall; study; table; teat; teat end; udder; udder health; vacuum; vet; years
• Exertional myopathy in Finnish Landrace pigs a survey of the situation and evaluation of different control methods by Schulman, Axel (1980) - ELDIK (1975) stated that the feeding of test pigs ad libidum or with a restricted diet did not affect the results of the test. Test pigs have been transported over short and long dis- tances and for different lengths of time in different temperatures, and have also been exercised on tread mills. Keywords: 1976; 1978; activity; animals; bickhardt; blood; blood group; breeding; carcase; ck activity; ck test; et al; factor; finnish; frequency; gene; group; h blood; hal+ pigs; haln; halothane; halothane test; index; jensen; landrace; landrace pigs; meat; meat colour; meat quality; muscle; percentage; phi; pigs; points; proc; pse meat; results; samples; serum; sires; stress; study; table; test; test pigs; testing; type; webb
• Agriculture in northern Namibia, Owambo and Kawango 1965—1970 by Soini, Sylvi (1981) - Soil conservation efforts, conservation of soil water for the cultivated plants and also in the underground reserves by preventing run-offs and limiting evaporation are very important and there are opportunities to work in many ways on both the small and large scale. Valleys with high plant nutrient soils will offer good pastures if overflow waters are stored in storage dams and better grass species are planted, instead of hard oshana- grass. Keywords: animals; area; contents; crop; cultivation; east; farming; fields; fig; good; government; humus; kawango; methods; owambo; plants; ploughing; results; samples; sand; season; soils; south; table; trees; upland; use; valley; valley soils; virgin; water; west; work
• The efficiency of dolomitic limestone, basic slag and peat ash as liming agents, and as calcium and magnesium sources for turnip rape by Jokinen, Raili (1982) - Incubation and pot experiments were carried out on muddy fine sand and fine sand soils to determine the efficiency of dolomitic limestone and of industrial by-products, basic slag and peat ash, as liming agents. The proportion of non-exchangeable Ca at pH 7 of the amount added in 2.4 g liming agents was for calcitic limestone 14 and 23 %, for dolomitic limestone 42 and 52 %, for peat ash 27 and 51 %, and for basic slag 59 and 64 %, in the muddy fine sand and fine sand soils, respectively. Keywords: agents; ash; content; dolomite; experiment; incubation; lime; liming; pot; sand; slag; soils; table
• Potato viruses in Finland and their identification by Kurppa, Aarne (1983) - The occurrence of potato viruses in Finland and alternative methods for their identifica- tion are reported in this study. Also the agar gel double diffusion test was found to be too insensitive for the identification of potato viruses but the single diffusion test could be used in certain cases. Keywords: absorbance; antisera; days; diffusion test; elisa test; fig; identification; infected; leaf test; leaves; lesions; method; mosaic; necrosis; phytopath; plant; potato cultivars; potato cv; potato j.; potato leaf; potato tubers; potato virus; potatoes; properties; pvm; pvs; pvx; pvy; pvy isolates; reaction; samples; sap; seed; strain; symptoms; table; test; test plants; titers; tubers; values; virus concentration; virus identification; virus isolates; virus m; virus particles; virus purification; virus y; viruses
• Damping-off of sugar beet in Finland: II. Disease control  by Vestberg, Mauritz; Tahvonen, Risto; Raininko, Kyösti; Nuormala, Nils (1983) - In recent years, seed treatment with iprodione, metalaxyl or hymexazol has proved effective against soil borne pathogens (DUNNING & HEIJBROEK 1981). The effect of seed treatment with hymexazol and thiram on emergence and percentage of healthy beet plants at the end of the experiment. Keywords: beet; damping; effect; experiment; hymexazol; meter; plants; row; seed; spraying; sugar; table; thiram; treatment
• Comparison between Ayrshire, Friesian and Finnish cattle dairy cows on home - produced feeds by Ettala, Elsi (1983) - Silage Hay kg/day per cow group group - 15 0,24 0.32 20 0,26 0,34 25 0,28 0,36 30 - 0,30 0,38 510 Ayrshire Friesian Finnish cattle Age, days 51 53 50 Live weight, kg 54 57 48 511 The grain ration is programmed into a computer and it changes stepless according to the milk yield, also taking into account the amount of milk the previous days. Because some of the bulls had two daughters they were put into different feeding groups. Keywords: ayrshire; friesian; group; hay; lactation; silage; table; urea
• Application of the direct sire comparison method to the Finnish dairy cattle population by Syväjärvi, Jouko; Ojala, Matti; Hellman, Tapani (1983) - Joint use of bull groups and relationships among males (model 1) tended to underevaluate the youngest bulls and overevaluate the oldest bulls belonging to previous generations. it seems that joint use of bull groups and relationships among males is difficult to justify under the Finnish breeding structure. Keywords: breed; breeding; bulls; cows; dairy; effect; finnish; herd; index; model; number; records; sire; table; year
• Reaction of spring barley cultivars grown in Finland to soil-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana and to its toxic metabolites by Kurppa, Aarne (1985) - Significant differences between barley cultivars and fun- gus isolates were found. Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 57: 85—96, 1985 Reaction of spring barley cultivars grown in Finland to soil-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana and to its toxic metabolites AARNE KURPPA Department of Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki* SF-00710 HELSINKI 71, Finland Abstract. Keywords: barley; barley cultivars; cultivars; experiments; fungus; infection; metabolites; root; rot; seedlings; soil; sorokiniana; symptoms; table
• Effect of hot air and freeze drying on the volatile compounds of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) herb by Huopalahti, Rainer; Kesälahti, Eila; Linko, Reino (1985) - how neophytadiene is one of the main com- ponents in addition to a-phellandrene in the volatiles of air dried dill products. Volatile compounds of fresh, hot air dried and freeze dried dill (Anethum graveolens L.) herb were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Keywords: air; aroma; compounds; dill; drying; freeze; herb; table
• The appearance of soil-borne viruses in Finnish plant nurseries II by Tapio, Eeva (1985) - R 2 Rumex acetosella L. L R L R 3 LS L R R. crispus L. L R L R LS LSR L Senecio vulgaris L. R L LS R LSR LSR Sonchus arvensis L. R SR Spergula arvensis L. —(S)R R —(S) — R R Stellaria media (L.) Vili. The vector in TNV, Olpidium brassicae, was found in the samples of 12 nurseries by examining micro- scopically either the roots of sample plants, or the roots of tobacco or lettuce which were grown as bait plants on soil samples. Keywords: lsr; nematodes; nurseries; plants; ring; roots; samples; soil; table; tbrv; tnv; tobacco; trv; virus; viruses
• Fusarium mycotoxins as a problem in Finnish feeds and cereals by Karppanen, Eeva; Rizzo, Aldo; Berg, Seija; Lindfors, Erja; Aho, Riitta (1985) - Menetelmien käytön soveltuvuuteen ja luotettavuuteen on kiinnitetty huomiota. Menetelmän herkkyys deoksinivalenolille, ni- valenolille ja fusarenon-X:lle on 1 ug/kg ja diasetoksis- kirpenolille, HT-2- jaT-2-toksiineille 7—20 ug/kg rehua tai viljaa. Keywords: animals; das; don; feed; fusarium; ht-2; mycotoxins; results; samples; scab; t-2; table; test; trichothecenes
• Quantity and quality of potato yield as influenced by unbalanced and excessive fertilization by Yli-Halla, Markku; Viikari, Esko; Palonen, Juha (1987) - Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 59: 131—139, 1987 Quantity and quality of potato yield as influenced by unbalanced and excessive fertilization MARKKU YLI-HALLA, ESKO VIIKARI and JUHA PALONEN Kemira Oy, Espoo Research Centre, Luoteisrinne 2 SF-02270 ESPOO. Total potato yields (t/ha) and percentages of various tuber size fractions. Keywords: content; fertilization; fertilizer; flavour; mealiness; potato; soil; table
• Breeding of a protein pea ideotype for Finnish conditions by Hovinen, Simo (1988) - The results of the present study indicate that abundant nitrogen application does not, on the average, increase the yield of pea varieties. Yield capacity of pea varieties compared with species mean at different yield levels by regression analysis. Keywords: afila; application; breeding; characteristics; correlation; crop; fig; filby; growing; height; high; hja; leafed; lines; lodging; material; nitrogen; nodes; number; pea; pea varieties; pea yield; peas; plant; proco; protein content; protein pea; protein yield; seed yield; seeds; size; stand; stem; table; tammi; time; total; trials; varieties; variety; yield yield; yields
• Reproduction and adaptation characteristics in D’man sheep by Lahlou-Kassi, A.; Benlamlih, S.; Boukliq, R. (1988) - These results suggest that D breed is less sen- sitive to photoperiod. On the other hand, estrogen negative feed- back is more marked in T than in D ewes. Keywords: breeds; d’man; ewes; growth; rate; sardi; sheep; table
• Possibilities of developing sheep which suckle from several teats by Maijala, K.; Kyle, B. (1988) - 20 mm (range I—so1 —50mm); the length and separation of teat pairs were correlated, although this was not the case in several flocks studied in Ireland, Index words: supernumerary leats, teat length, teat distance, suckling behaviour, teat damage, functional teats, herita- bility 1. FE = Old data from 1940, using teat length and distance measurements of the 80 ewes in Vainikainen’s (16) report. Keywords: data; ewes; lambs; length; milk; number; sheep; supernumerary; table; teats
• Evaluation of water and ammonium acetate tests as indices for available P in limed soils by Hartikainen, Helinä (1989) - Results and discussion The extractability of soil P and its changes due to incubation for 4 mo with nutrient salts and various liming agents are given in Table 2. An increase in ionic strength has, however, been proved to result in an enhanced P sorpt- Table 2. pH and soil P (mg kg-1) extracted by acetate and water in unincubated and incubated samples. Keywords: acetate; extraction; liming; soil; table; uptake; water
• Effects of different fertilization practices on the N03-N, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, ash and dietary fibre contents of carrot by Evers, Aino-Maija (1989) - Study of dietary fibre content and fibre com- ponents of carrots. They also found a relatively high N recovery percentage by the fertirrigated crop, especially at a lower level of N fertilization. Keywords: application; carrot; content; fertilization; fertirrigations; fibre; npk; placement; roots; shoots; table
• Effect of different rates of P fertilization on the yield and P status of the soil in two long-term field experiments by Yli-Halla, Markku (1989) - The year of harvest kg P/ha until 1982 and 0, 16, 32, 56 and 72 kg P/ha in 1983—85. The average difference between the maximum yields and the ones ob- tained without P fertilization was 470 kg/ha (12 %) in 1974—80, but during the last four years the difference increased to I 360 kg/ha (40 %), owing to the depletion of P in the plots not fertilized with P. Also in the other experiment, in which the maximum yield of cereal grains (4 790 kg/ha) was obtained at the P rate of 26/32 kg/ha, the response to P fertilization in- creased towards the end of the trial, the mean response during the last three years being 570 kg/ha (12 %). Keywords: cereal; experiment; fertilization; phosphorus; plots; soil; table; years; yields
• Performance of Finnsheep in South Africa by Greeff, J C; Hofmeyer, J H; Lourens, D J; Wyma, G A; Maijala, K (1992) - Seasonal oestrus pattern of Finnsheep ewe lambs (n =26). For singletons, twins, triplets, quadruplets and quintuplets the least squares means of birth mass was 2.5 ± 0.06; 2.2 ±0.05; 2.0 ±0.05; 1.8 ± 0.06 and 1.7± 0.10, weaning mass was 19.0± 0.47; 16.8 ± 0.37; 16.8 ±0.36; 16.2 ±0.45 and 16.4 ± 0.94, and Keywords: age; average; birth; ewes; finnsheep; lambing; lambs; mass; months; percentage; table; weaning
• The bread making quality of Finnish spring wheats - a proposal for classification by Peltonen, Jari; Juutti, Tapio; Suopelto, Juha (1993) - Reversion cm Loaf resilience (LR) 2.0 0 2.1 -2.3 0.51.0 2.4 - 2.6 1.5 -2.0 Classification ofwheat cultivars 2.7 - 2.9 2.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 3.2 3.5 - 4.0 The German classification system of wheat quality (Weizensorten und Backqualität 1990) was applied to classify the quality ofFinnish spring wheat culti- vars. Finl. 2 (1993) https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=3EQQWdjzIpoocB3_.60wEFBeJYZC8JaK64p3d3w.cIgkcEq_wnPhJndqOGM96T3u5UJTa4ppd7czGSf0aBVJa2dE_H_15rf6Glhgu_i0tNGebvQ_JTZczfuYzdRQ3Ji3f-YjYL40DbkytOwnC4JM-Zb2duIWuyZSgTqAaj66upJslzDRiMOe0P6DLVMHlq3zcahf4DB-QXhuvB0dartVagwzfhua2jrtJ3vBI6qyDZXpPuktL0Wh4fsvKvr0uIIFkv1V6_tGdSVjqYls841hp0jm6ESuuihbjvRljHFbI4yY7twDcgkoUQ7pFMawiNFMghRJDF77mAqJOlMjv2W8nTTs tion, some requirements ofgood quality wheat flour such as protein and gluten content, and dough qual- ity have been suggested (Kulhomäki and Sa- lovaara 1985, Laukkanen 1991). Keywords: baking; bread; class; classes; control; cultivar; dough; fpc; fvalo; quality; table; volume; wheat
• Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Gamasina) in Finnish apple plantations with reference to integrated control of phytophagous mites by Tuovinen, Tuomo (1993) - Integrated control of apple mites. 122: 5-14. —, MacRAE, I.V. & Currans, K.G. 1992.Factors affecting biological control of apple mites by mixedpopulations of Metaseiulus occidentalis and Typhlodromus pyri. Keywords: acari; acaricides; agric; amblyseius; apple orchards; apple trees; bushes; chant; clofentezine; control; densities; density; dichlofluanid; dithianon; dorsal; effect; eggs; entomol; erm; et al; field; fig; finlandicus; flubenzimine; hexythiazox; host; karg; laboratory; larvae; leaf; leaves; macropilis; numbers; orchards; p. ulmi; pairs; paraseiulus; pesticides; phytoseiid mites; phytoseiid species; phytoseiidae; plants; pores; predatory; present; prey; pyri; resistance; results; samples; setae; shield; soleiger; species; spider mites; sprays; study; table; tests; treatments; triforine; tuovinen; typhlodromus; unsprayed; vegetation; winter
• Effects of supplemental microbial phytase on performance of broiler chickens by Koskinen, Tuomo; Piironen, Jari; Hakonen, Tiina (1994) - In Trial 1, or- thogonal polynomials were used to investigate the trends over levels of phytase when the level of mineral P was 0.05%. In groups where the mineral P concentration was 0.05% the linear and quadratic trends over phytase levels were tested; when phytase was 0 PU/g the linear and quadratic trends over the levels of mineral P were tested. Keywords: diets; feed; mineral; phosphorus; phytase; science; table; tibia; trial; utilization
• Yields, plant characteristics, total N and fibre composition of timothy cultivars grown at two latitudes by Kunelius, H. Tapani; Pärssinen, Pertti; Pullli, Seppo K. (1996) - Yields, plant characteristics, total N and fibre composition of timothy cultivars grown at two latitudes H. Tapani Kunelius Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Nutritional quality of timothy cultivars varied among the sites and the significance of differenc- es in NDF and ADF in relation to animal performance require further study. Keywords: charlottetown; cultivars; cut; difference; jokioinen; matter; northern; science; table; timothy; year; yields
• Boars for breeding: A study of methods of evaluation used at testing stations by Ettala, Elsi (1973) - Composition of feed of boar progeny 1969—7l. Least squares analysis of the effects of initial weight, initial age and sires on the growth of boar progeny. Keywords: age; area; average; barrows; boars; bone; carcass; carcass characteristics; characteristics; correlations; cuts; day; differences; efficiency; evaluation; fat; feed; group; group b; growth; half; ham; leg; loin; longissimus; mean; measurement; meat; midback; muscle; phenotype; points; progeny; progeny boars; rate; results; sires; sol; sub; table; test; test boars; test points; testing; thickness; ultrasonic; weight
• afs-7754 by None (None) - The user-price of LFA land must fall (row 26) to induce land users to absorb the increase in LFA land supply. We obtained data delineating LFA land by NUTS2 region in Poland from IUNG (Institute of Soil Science and Land Cultivation) (MARD 2009). Keywords: agricultural; capital; cent; change; gdp; land; lfa; lfa land; model; national; percentage; poland; polish; polterm; real; regional; regions; row; supply; support; table
• Trace element concentrations in the grain of wheat cultivars as affected by nitrogen fertilization by Svecnjak, Zlatko; Jenel, Marina; Bujan, Marija; Vitali, Dubravka; Vedrina Dragojević, Irena (2013) - Nutritional quality of wheat grain, including its trace element status is of interest for both agronomists and nutritionists. Concentrations of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in wheat grain have received particular attention due to the widespread deficiency of these trace elements in humans (Welch & Graham 2004). Keywords: concentrations; cultivars; elements; fertilization; grain; table; trace; wheat
• Influence of seed treatment with mineral nutrient products on emergence and growth in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte E; Stoltz, Eva (2019) - AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Stoltz & A.-C. Wallenhammar (2019) 28: 145–154 145 Influence of seed treatment with mineral nutrient products on emergence and growth in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Eva Stoltz1 and Ann-Charlotte Wallenhammar1,2 1Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, PO Box 271, SE 701 45 Örebro, Sweden 2Swedish Agricultural University, Department of Crop Production Ecology, PO Box 7043, SE-751 07 Uppsala, Sweden e-mail: Ann-Charlotte.Wallenhammar@hushallningssallskapet.se Seed treatment with mineral nutrients in spring oilseed rape (SOR) under cold climatic conditions has the potential to improve the outcome of production. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of mineral nutri- ents applied as seed treatment on germination and growth of roots and biomass in SOR. Keywords: bff; emergence; field; growth; mineral; norotec; nutrients; products; seed; table; treatments; yara
• Impact of protein hydrolysate biostimulants on growth of barley and wheat and their interaction with symbionts and pathogens by Schmidt, Christoph Stephan; Mrnka, Libor; Frantík, Tomáš; Bárnet, Martin; Vosátka, Miroslav; Baldassarre Švecová, Eva; Baldassarre Švecová, Eva (2020) - n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. - - wheat n.s. Keywords: amf; application; barley; bbch; disease; effect; et al; experiment; field; growth; hydrolysate; level; low; n.s; plant; pot; severity; table; treatments; wheat