[{"id": "afs-100693", "words": "8163", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Manni, Katariina; L\u00f6tj\u00f6nen, Timo; Huuskonen, Arto; Manni, Katariina", "title": "Comparing spring triticale varieties to barley and wheat varieties when harvested as whole crop", "date": "2021", "keywords": "barley; barley varieties; costs; crop; fertilizer; kg-1; p<0.05; production; rate; seed; silage; triticale; varieties; variety; wheat; yield", "summary": "Production costs were calculated for whole crop barley silage, triticale silage, faba bean-wheat silage, and clo- ver-timothy silage. For example, barley whole crop silage has a different value for dairy feeding than high quality grass silage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-101280", "words": "4806", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "\u017barczy\u0144ski, Piotr; Sienkiewicz, Stanis\u0142aw; Wierzbowska, Jadwiga; Krzebietke, S\u0142awomir J\u00f3zef; Krzebietke, S\u0142awomir J\u00f3zef", "title": "Response of winter oilseed rape to differentiated foliar fertilisation", "date": "2021", "keywords": "aa48; autumn; bbch; content; ha-1; oilseed; oilseed rape; rape; winter; yield", "summary": "In their experiment, the cited authors noted a considerable increase in the content of zinc, manganese and iron in roots of oilseed rape at BBCH 30 stage after sowing winter oilseed rape seeds together with a fertiliser in the form of microgranules containing macro- and micronutrients (Physiostart\u00ae). In our trials, the application of Agravita\uf8e8Active caused a rise in the content of magnesium in winter oilseed rape seeds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-101446", "words": "4595", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Degefu, Yeshitila; Degefu, Yeshitila", "title": "Co-occurrence of latent Dickeya and Pectobacterium species in potato seed tuber samples from northern Finland: Co-colonization of latent Dickeya and Pectobacterium species in potato seed lots", "date": "2021", "keywords": "blackleg; dickeya; et al; finland; pectobacterium; plant; potato; solani; species", "summary": "nov. and Dickeya zeae sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolution- ary Microbiology 55: 1415\u20131427. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02791-0 Sarfras, S., Riaz, K., Oulghazi, S., Cigna, J., Sahi, S.T., Khan, S.H. & Faure, D. 2018. Brenner et al. 1973 and Brenneria paradisiaca to the genus Dickeya gen. nov.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-101833", "words": "7300", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Sairanen, Auvo; Kajava, Sari ; Palmio, Annu; Rinne, Marketta; Sairanen, Auvo", "title": "A comparison of grass silages harvested at first, second and third cut on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "content; cut; exp; experiment; grass; intake; milk; production; silages", "summary": "A comparison of grass silages harvested at first, second and third cut on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows Auvo Sairanen1, Sari Kajava1, Annu Palmio1 and Marketta Rinne2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: auvo.sairanen@luke.fi The objective of this study was to compare the milk production potential of subsequent first, second and third cuts of grass silage from the same sward in Northern latitudes. Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a revision of the rela- tive silage dry-matter intake index.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-103062", "words": "7642", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Hansson, Helena; Simon, Katalin; Kristensen, Iryna; Hansson, Helena", "title": "Land Acquisition Regulation through the lens of expert stakeholders\u2019 mental models - what are the implications for business development among Swedish farmers?", "date": "2021", "keywords": "development; farmers; farms; forestry; forestry land; forestry owners; laa; land; market; models; owners; regulation; respondents", "summary": "Findings presented here have implications for policy related to agricultural land regulation and the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. For instance, focusing on price drivers, Lehn and Bahrs (2018) found urban sprawl and livestock production to be the most important factors driving the price of agricultural land in Germany and suggested a focus on regulation that underlines these factors instead of new land price related regulations if society is seeking a reduction in land prices.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-103422", "words": "7678", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Blomquist, Jens Erik; Berglund, Kerstin; Blomquist, Jens Erik", "title": "Timing and conditions modify the effect of structure liming on clay soil", "date": "2021", "keywords": "aggregate; date; early; lime; liming; liming date; phosphorus; sites; size; soil; stability; structure; tillage; turbidity", "summary": "R\u00e5- bel\u00f6v site also showed significantly increased Tot-P concentrations at early liming date, without turbidity show- ing significant differences between the treatments. This was supported by the fact that concentrations in lysimeter leachate of all phosphorus fractions were 6\u20137 times higher for Krapperup than for Kornheddinge at early liming date.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-107580", "words": "7147", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Knuuttila, Marja; Vatanen, Eero; Niemi, Jyrki; Huan-Niemi, Ellen", "title": "Dependency of domestic food sectors on imported inputs with Finland as a case study", "date": "2021", "keywords": "dependency; energy; finland; food; goods; imports; industries; industry; inputs; output; production; products; sectors; services; supply", "summary": "There is national interest in Finland to discover and study country-specific complexities within the food sectors due to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on domestic food production. The rate for import dependency of domestic food production has been examined in Finland since 2008 because detailed input-output data for the period 2008\u20132016 (Statistics Finland 2020a) is avail- able for analysis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-107898", "words": "7726", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Rotola-Pukkila, Minna; V\u00e4limaa, Anna-Liisa; Suomela, Jukka-Pekka; Yang, Baoru; Karhu, Saila; Hopia, Anu; Rotola-Pukkila, Minna", "title": "Effect of daily light integral treatments on free amino acids and sugars contributing flavor and acrylamide formation in potato tubers of Solanum tuberosum L.", "date": "2021", "keywords": "acid; amino; analysis; concentration; conditions; cultivars; day; faas; food; glucose; light; potato; sugars; tubers", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 85\u201395 85 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.107898 Effect of daily light integral treatments on free amino acids and sugars contributing flavor and acrylamide formation in potato tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. Minna K. Rotola-Pukkila1,3, Anna-Liisa V\u00e4limaa2, Jukka-Pekka Suomela3, Baoru Yang3, Saila Karhu4 and Anu I. Hopia1 1University of Turku, Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, FI-20014 Turku, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland 3University of Turku, Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development, FI-20014 Turku, Finland 4Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, It\u00e4inen Pitk\u00e4katu 4 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland e-mail: minna.rotola-pukkila@utu.fi To study the effect of photoperiodic conditions on the chemical composition of potato tubers, seven cultivars, grown under controlled conditions, were evaluated for the content of free amino acids (FAA) and sugars. In this research, we study the effects of high latitude light conditions during the growing season on the quality of potato tubers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-107978", "words": "4820", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Pokrzywa, Piotr; Surma, Magdalena; Pokrzywa, Piotr", "title": "Assessment of the patulin contamination level in selected apple-based products available in retail in Poland", "date": "2022", "keywords": "apple; children; food; juice; kg-1; level; pat; products; samples", "summary": "The determined levels of contamination were significantly lower than a maximum acceptable level specified in the provisions of the food law at the level of 50.0 \u03bcg kg-1 for apple juice. When considering the value of the average daily consumption of apple juice in Poland, the PAT daily intake from apple juice did not exceed the tolerable daily intake in any of the examined samples and amounted to a maximum of 1.6% of PMTDI.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-108983", "words": "206", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kann, Liina; Koppel, Mati ; Kaart, Tanel ; Islamov, Bulat; Soov\u00e4li, Pille ; M\u00e4e, Andres ; Kann, Liina", "title": "Resistance developments in Estonia\u2019s population of pollen beetles (Brassicogethes aeneus)", "date": "2021", "keywords": "fields", "summary": "Pollen beetle mortality rates at different thiacloprid dosages depending upon the year, both in fields containing spring oilseed rape (SOSR) and winter oilseed rape (WOSR). L. Kann et al.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-109657", "words": "5285", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Prusinski, Janusz; Prusinski, Janusz", "title": "Effect of the interrow width and plant density on the yielding of white lupin", "date": "2021", "keywords": "density; et al; lupin; plant; plant density; row; seed; white; years; yield", "summary": "Average 4-year plant population of white lupin plants depending on row spacing and plant density Factors Year Mean 2016 2017 2018 2019 Row spacing (RS) cm 16 67.3 63.7 63.4 65.3 64.9 32 66.3 66.7 66.8 68.1 67.0 Plant density (PD) 60 56.6 c 56.4 b 56.0 b 56.2 c 56.3 b 75 68.2 b 67.2 a 68.3 a 67.4 b 67.8 a 90 75.5 a 72.1 a 70.9 a 76.4 a 73.7 a Mean 66.8 65.2 65.1 66.3 65.9 ANOVA RS ns ns ns ns ns PD ** ** ** ** ** RS x PD ns * ns * ns Janusz Prusi\u0144ski 161 The mean white lupin seed yield in 2016\u20132019 was 3.95 t ha-1 (Table 4). Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficients (r) for total rainfall in different months, for the entire vegetation period and seed yield white lupin Month April May June July August June\u2013August April\u2013August R 0.537 ns 0.019 ns 0.622 ns 0.758 ns 0.937 ns 0.930 ns 0.961 * * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ns = not significant b a c c 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 2016 2017 2018 2019 t. h a-1 b a c c 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2016 2017 2018 2019 kg .h a-1 (a) (b) Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 158\u2013165 162 On average for the research years, the number of pods per white lupin plant was 7.03 (Table 6).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-110877", "words": "8738", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "\u015amieci\u0144ska, Katarzyna; Sobotka, Wies\u0142aw ; Fiedorowicz-Szatkowska, Elwira ; \u015amieci\u0144ska, Katarzyna", "title": "Carcass and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with plant-based protein sources alternative to genetically modified soybean meal", "date": "2021", "keywords": "animal; carcass; content; corn; diets; et al; meal; meat; pigs; points; protein; quality; rsm; sbm; science; seeds", "summary": "(Effect of genetically modified soybean and \u2018\u201900\u2019\u2019 rapeseed meals on pig fattening performance and technological and sensory prop- erties of pig meat). Legume seeds, including yellow lupin (YL) and faba bean (FB) seeds, are another source of protein in pig diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-111107", "words": "9934", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "R\u00e4ty, Mari; Keskinen, Riikka; Yli-Halla, Markku; Hyv\u00f6nen, Juha; Soinne, Helena; R\u00e4ty, Mari", "title": "Estimating cation exchange capacity and clay content from agricultural soil testing data", "date": "2021", "keywords": "cec; clay; cmol(+; content; data; finland; kg-1; mineral; soc; soils; table", "summary": "Organic soils Peat 0.20 \u00b1 0.14 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.17 0.24 0.42 0.59 Mull 0.14 \u00b1 0.14 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.21 0.70 Mineral soils Heavy Clay 0.16 \u00b1 0.07 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.20 0.40 Clay 0.13 \u00b1 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.21 0.77 Medium 0.14 \u00b1 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.17 1.80 Coarse 0.09 \u00b1 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.36 Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 131\u2013145 137 The mean contents of exchangeable K+ approached an average of 0.70 cmol(+) kg-1 in clay soils, while it averaged 0.36 cmol(+) kg-1 among other soil types. The acquired data was used to 1) calculate reference values for the CEC and its components in different soil types, 2) develop pedotransfer functions for predicting the CEC and its components from soil organic C (SOC) and clay contents, pH, and Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ extracted in standard agronomic soil testing, and 3) develop pedotransfer functions for soil clay and FINES content using the above-mentioned characteristics as explanatory variables.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-111665", "words": "8638", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Koskela, Olli; Benitez Pereira, Leonardo Santiago; P\u00f6l\u00f6nen, Ilpo; Aronen, Ilmo; Kunttu, Iivari; Koskela, Olli", "title": "Deep learning image recognition of cow behavior and an open data set acquired near an automatic milking robot", "date": "2022", "keywords": "activation; class; classes; cow; cows; dairy; data; et al; image; interaction; network; precision; rate; set; video", "summary": "Previously, aggression has been detected with an accuracy rate of 98% and a recall rate of 98% (Chen et al. 2019); interaction or non-interaction with an accuracy rate of approximately 60% and a recall rate of 100% (Ardo et al. 2017); feeding or non-feeding with an accuracy rate of 92% and a recall rate of 88% (Porto et al. 2015), accuracy rate of 97% (Achour et al. 2020) or 99.4% in a pig study (Alameer et al. 2020); and mounting or non-mounting with an accuracy rate of 91% and a recall rate of 95% (Li et al. 2019). Computer vision approaches employing video cam- eras are scalable and low-cost solutions (Banhazi and Tscharke 2016) and have been successfully used to monitor physiological and behavioral parameters related to pre-slaughter stress (Jorquera-Chavez et al. 2019); to detect hoof disease (Gu et al. 2017); to track gait and identify lameness (Gardenier et al. 2018, Jiang et al. 2019a, Kang et al. 2022), to analyze health problems through calculating body condition scores (Zin et al. 2018b, Huang et al. 2019), body structure (Jiang et al. 2019 b, Liu et al. 2020) and faecal monitoring (Atkinson et al. 2020); and to de- tect aggressive behaviors (Chen et al. 2019).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-112241", "words": "8586", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Aleksandrova, Olha; Zhmykhova, Tetiana; Viira, Ants-Hannes ; Aleksandrova, Olha", "title": "The role of subsidies in stabilising farm income: Evidence from Estonia", "date": "2022", "keywords": "farms; income; level; livestock; pse; quartile; size; subsidies; total; variability", "summary": "The role of subsidies in stabilising farm income: Evidence from Estonia Olha Aleksandrova1, Tetiana Zhmykhova2 and Ants-Hannes Viira1 1Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia 2Donbas National Academy of Building Engineering and Architecture, Department of Higher and Applied Mathematics, Derzhavin str., 2, Makeyevka, Ukraine email: olha.aleksandrova@emu.ee This study examines the role of agricultural subsidies in the farm income (FI) variation in Estonia in the period 2006\u2013 2019 using data from a balanced panel of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) farms. In this study, FI is defined as: (1) where FI is farm income as given by FADN variable gross farm income (FADN code SE410).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-112827", "words": "9319", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "R\u00e4s\u00e4nen, Kati; Hannukkala, Asko; Kurppa, Sirpa; Aaltonen, Marja; Rahkonen, Anne; Kukkonen, Jussi; V\u00e4nninen, Irene; R\u00e4s\u00e4nen, Kati", "title": "The use of chemical plant protection products in field vegetable farms in a central industrial vegetable growing area in Finland: PPP use in vegetables in Finland", "date": "2022", "keywords": "apetit; carrot; crops; data; field; finland; ha-1; institute; number; pea; potato; ppps; resistance; slope; swede; use", "summary": "Forecasts for late blight are not com- monly used in Finland because the time window to treat potato crops is very narrow, due to the shortness of the growing season. The results of this study form a basis for analyzing ecotoxicological risks of PPP use in the studied crops because usage and spray fre- quencies alone do not convey the risk levels accurately.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-113471", "words": "9575", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Sairanen, Auvo; Juutinen, Elina; Rinne, Marketta; Rinne, Marketta", "title": "The effect of grass silage harvesting strategy and concentrate level on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production of dairy cows", "date": "2022", "keywords": "concentrate; cows; dairy; digestibility; et al; exp; grass; harvest; intake; level; milk; production; silage", "summary": "Otherwise, silage harvest effects on milk composition were minor except for a low- er (p< 0.01) protein concentration when second rather than first harvest was fed. The model in Exp 2 included period, block, grass silage harvest, the amount of con- centrate and the interaction between the amount of concentrate and harvest as fixed-class variables, and cow was used as a random variable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-113476", "words": "8306", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Sobkowicz, Piotr; Tendziagolska, Ewa; Tendziagolska, Ewa", "title": "The effect of timing and intensity of weed harrowing in triticale-lupin mixture on weeds and crops", "date": "2022", "keywords": "control; density; grain; harrowing; leaf; lupin; mixture; plant; research; tillering; triticale; weed; yield", "summary": "According to Coleman et al. (2019), the total energy requirements for weed harrowing are much lower than those for herbicide use or for a thermal method or mulching. Being the whole-surface method, weed harrowing is known for its low selectivity (i.e., weed control/crop dam- age relationship).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-113478", "words": "6973", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Markovi\u0107, Jordan; Lazarevi\u0107, \u0110or\u0111e; Bek\u010di\u0107, Filip; Prijovi\u0107, Mladen; Vasi\u0107, Tanja; \u017divkovi\u0107, Sanja; \u0160trbanovi\u0107, Ratibor; Markovi\u0107, Jordan", "title": "Protein and carbohydrate profiles of a diploid and a tetraploid red clover cultivar", "date": "2022", "keywords": "cho; clover; cultivar; development; drcc; kg-1; protein; red; stage; trcc", "summary": "Red clover cultivars vary in quality based on the stage of development at harvest and on whether they are diploid or tetraploid. Red clover cultivar and stage of development, as well as their interactions were added as fixed effects in the mod- el.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-113503", "words": "6397", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Stadler, Christina; Stadler, Christina", "title": "Importance of light source position in exposure sequence for optimization of coloration and yield of red winter lettuce", "date": "2022", "keywords": "growth; hps; leds; lettuce; light; lighting; period; plants; red; temperature; weeks", "summary": "How- ever, with increasing duration under LED lights growth, FW and DW was reduced, whereas the electricity con- sumption was better transferred into yield. The present study examined the effect of different light sources and their position in exposure sequence on the yield and quality of red winter lettuce plants grown under, otherwise, the same environmental conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-113752", "words": "7102", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka; Astaptsev, Aleksi; Nousiainen, Juha; Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "Methane production inventory between 1960\u20132020 in the Finnish dairy sector and the future mitigation scenarios", "date": "2022", "keywords": "ch4; cows; dairy; ecm; efficiency; feed; intensity; kg-1; methane; milk; production; yield", "summary": "In comparison to current maintenance requirement of 0.515 MJ kg-1 MBW using a value of 0.60 MJ kg-1 MBW increased required DM intake 5% and increased CH4 production by about 3%. The to- tal milk and CH4 production peaked in 1965 being 3650 and 110 million kg per year and decreased to 2300 and 48 million kg per year in 2020, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-113911", "words": "8819", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Hansen, Bj\u00f8rn Gunnar; Jenssen, Maria Natalie; Larsson, Ingrid Melstveit ; Hansen, Bj\u00f8rn Gunnar", "title": "Loose housing-nothing to lose? Exploring the on-farm profitability, risk and agricultural policy consequences associated with a tie-stall ban on dairy farms ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "agriculture; average; cows; dairy; farmers; farmland; farms; housing; investment; milk; norway; number; stalls; tie; vestland", "summary": "Today, more than 56 percent of the milk produced in Norway comes from dairy farms with AMS, and the percentage is increasing (Mikalsen et al. 2021). A rapid structural change is on- going, and in the period 2014 to 2019 the number of dairy farms decreased by 6.9 percent annually (IFCN 2020).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-115262", "words": "12245", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Martens, Siriwan; Wildner, Vicki; Schulze, Johanna; Richardt, Wolfram; Greef, J\u00f6rg M.; Zeyner, Annette; Steinh\u00f6fel, Olaf; Martens, Siriwan", "title": "Chemical treatment of straw for ruminant feeding with NaOH or urea \u2013 investigative steps via practical application under current European Union conditions", "date": "2022", "keywords": "adl; andfom; ash; chemical; detergent; digestibility; dm kg-1; g dm; g kg-1; g urea; kg-1; n.s; naoh; ndfd30h; o n.s; storage; straw; table; treatments; trial; urea; urea kg-1", "summary": "[g kg-1 DM] *** o *** *** *** *** ** * n.s. *** Ether extract [g kg-1 DM] n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. aNDFom n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Calculated forage quality TDN", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-115275", "words": "8465", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Taha, Vahel Jaladet; Huntington , James ; Wilkinson, Robert ; Davies, Dave ; Taha, Vahel Jaladet", "title": "The effect of supplemented chestnut tannin to grass silage either at ensiling or at feeding on lamb performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality", "date": "2022", "keywords": "animal; chestnut; chestnut ht; ensiling; feeding; kg-1; lambs; meat; protein; ryegrass; silage; tannin", "summary": "Meat colour and rancidity In the current study, three groups of lambs were fed ryegrass silage treated with tannin either at ensiling or prior to feeding, however, tannin supplementation (both methods of inclusion) did not have any significant effect on meat colour or lipid oxidation. The molar concentration or the pro- portion of the total or individual VFA of the rumen fluid was not affected by feeding lambs ryegrass silage treated with chestnut HT either at ensiling or at feeding (Table 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-115313", "words": "7996", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Blomquist, Jens Erik; Englund, Jan-Eric; Berglund, Kerstin; Blomquist, Jens Erik", "title": "Site characteristics determine the duration of structure liming effects on clay soil ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "aggregate; clay; content; effect; lime; liming; soil; stability; structure; trials", "summary": "Soil pH also plays a role, with soil structure being positively influenced on acid soils by an increase in base saturation through cation exchange and a decrease in distances between clay particles leading to aggregation (Wiklander, 1963). Effect of large lime quantities on soil structure, nutrient balance and crop yields.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-115327", "words": "5952", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Salonen, Jukka; Niemi, Mari; Haavisto, Minna; Juvonen, Eeva-Liisa ; Salonen, Jukka", "title": "Effect of annually repeated weed harrowing against Chenopodium album (L.) in organically grown spring cereals", "date": "2022", "keywords": "album; biomass; cereals; control; crop; density; emergence; post; spring; weed", "summary": "The sowing day in 2020 was one week later and the time between sowing and post-emergence weed harrowing was two weeks longer than in 2019, indicating the differences between an- nual growth conditions and the need for frequent field observations to adjust timing of weed harrowing. Weed harrowing is highly feasible for organic cropping but could also be applied as an integrated weed management (IWM) option in conventional farming.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-115347", "words": "5853", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Uusitalo, Risto; Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi; Uusitalo, Risto", "title": "Yield response of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa Capitata group) to phosphorus fertilisation in a boreal soil", "date": "2022", "keywords": "fertilisation; fertiliser; ha-1; lettuce; maximum; phosphorus; plantings; science; soil; spring; yield", "summary": "Soil sampling and soil P analyses Soil samples, composed of 15 subsamples, were taken from the (0\u201320 cm) plough layer of each plot prior to the fertilisation. The used extraction reflects the readily soluble P concentration in soil and extracts about the same amount of soil P as water at 1:50 w/vol ratio (Yli-Halla 1989).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-115381", "words": "8082", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Jatkauskas, Jonas; Vrotniakiene, Vilma; Eisner, Ivan; Witt, Kristian K. ; Copani, Giuseppe; Jatkauskas, Jonas", "title": "Effect of inoculants of different composition on the quality of rye silages harvested at different stages of maturity ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "acid; cfu; cfu g-1; crop; g-1 l.; l. buchneri; lab; rye; silage", "summary": "Although the addition of homofermentative LAB strains was effective in reducing fermentation losses, it impaired the aerobic stability of rye silages. The results of our experiment show that rye silages inoculated with a blend of hetero- and homofermentative LAB (L. buchneri and L. lactis, T3) had the highest values of aerobic stability and LAB counts, the lowest fresh weight loss, and the lowest number of yeasts and moulds at mini-silo opening and at the end of aerobic exposure at all three vegetations stages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-115415", "words": "11098", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Pouta, Eija; Liski, Eero; Tienhaara, Annika; Lankia, Tuija; Niemi, Jyrki; Pouta, Eija", "title": "Contingent allocation of the agri-food budget: comparison of farmer and non-farmer preferences ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "agriculture; allocation; analysis; budget; budget allocation; citizens; cluster; data; et al; farmers; food; model; policy; preferences; production; respondents; support", "summary": "We were also able to explain the allocation with citizen characteristics to provide informa- tion on which population groups might benefit or suffer from the shifts in agricultural budget allocation. Key words: agricultural policy, budget allocation, compositional data analysis, budget size Introduction Agricultural production faces versatile and often conflicting expectations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-115968", "words": "8899", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Martens, Siriwan; Jilg, Annette; Schneider, Mariana; Misthilger, Barbara; Ohl, Susanne; Steinh\u00f6fel, Olaf; Martens, Siriwan", "title": "Testing the aerobic stability of silage-based mixed rations using a multiple indicator approach", "date": "2022", "keywords": "acid; fig; institute; losses; n.a; science; silage; stability; table; temperature; test; tmr; trial", "summary": "Example of normalized radar plots with aerobic stability indicators sorted by the occurrence of no yeasts + molds, only yeasts, only molds and yeasts + molds in (a) pressed beet pulp, (b) Total Mixed Rations. Silage Science and Technology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-116081", "words": "5482", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Iso-Touru, Terhi; Uimari, Pekka ; Elo, Kari; Sevon-Aimonen, Marja-Liisa; Sironen, Anu; Sironen, Anu", "title": "Identification of copy number variations and candidate genes for reproduction traits in Finnish pig populations", "date": "2022", "keywords": "analysis; association; finnish; genome; gwas; landrace; loss; number; regions; reproduction; snp; traits; variant; yorkshire", "summary": "Copy number variations regions (CNVRs) were defined by merging overlapping CNVs to CNVRs using bedtools (Quinlan and Hall 2010). All shared segments were copy number losses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-116192", "words": "4709", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Bartosz, Grzegorz; Baran, Sabina; Grzesik-Pietrasiewicz, Michalina; Sadowska-Bartosz, Izabela; Sadowska-Bartosz, izabela", "title": "Antioxidant capacity and hydrogen peroxide formation by black and orange carrots: Black and orange carrots", "date": "2022", "keywords": "anthocyanin; antioxidant; buffer; carrots; et al; food; hydrogen; orange; peroxide", "summary": "Black carrots owe their colour to the high anthocyanin content. Black carrots generated much more hydrogen peroxide than orange carrots (55.0 \u00b1 2.6 \u00b5M vs 6.0 \u00b1 2.1 \u00b5M in phosphate buffer, 8.7 \u00b1 1.2 vs 0.3 \u00b1 0.1 \u00b5M in water, in 1:5 (w/v) homogenates.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-119416", "words": "6918", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Liu, Yanbing ; Xue, Jiacheng ; Che, Gongheng ; Guo, Liping; Tang, Juan ; Guo, Liping", "title": "Effects of blue light on physiological and biochemical changes in germinating cabbage sprouts", "date": "2022", "keywords": "acid; activity; ascorbic; cabbage; cabbage sprouts; content; darkness; et al; fig; food; germination; glucosinolates; light; myrosinase; sprouts", "summary": "Blue light could better retain glucosinolate content in cabbage sprouts than the dark- ness. More isothiocyanates formation was observed from cabbage sprouts under blue light, which was a result of the promoted myrosinase activity and higher glucosinolate content.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-119804", "words": "5760", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kuusela, Eeva; Okker, Laura; Kopra, Juho; Kuusela, Eeva", "title": "Increasing selenium concentration in Finnish organic milk using participatory action approach", "date": "2023", "keywords": "concentration; dairy; effect; farms; feed; kg-1; milk; organic; selenium; study", "summary": "Globally, milk Se concentration has been reported to vary in the range of 2\u201360 \u00b5g l-1 (Knowles et al. 2006). To our knowledge, the effect of SS/SY mixture on milk Se concentration has rarely been studied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-119927", "words": "7416", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Heikkil\u00e4, Anna-Maija; Niemi, Riitta E.; Rajala-Schultz, P\u00e4ivi J.; Heikkil\u00e4, Anna-Maija", "title": "Economic perspectives on blanket and selective dry cow therapy", "date": "2022", "keywords": "antibiotic; bdct; costs; cows; dairy; et al; farms; herds; imi; milk; milking; model; therapy", "summary": "Quartiles of annual margin for the fixed costs per dairy cow in herds implementing selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) and blanket dry cow therapy (BDCT) by herd size and milking system (probability of post-calving intramammary infection in parentheses). Descriptive statistics of an annual margin for the fixed costs per dairy cow in herds implementing selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) and blanket dry cow therapy (BDCT) by herd size and milking system (probability of post-calving intramammary infection in parentheses).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-120423", "words": "7262", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Palonen, Pauliina; Lettoj\u00e4rvi, Iiris; Koivisto, Anu; Raatikainen, Arja; Palonen, Pauliina", "title": "Repeated runner removal after harvest and floating row cover during fall affect carbohydrate status and yield potential of strawberry cvs. Polka and Wendy in the Northern climate", "date": "2022", "keywords": "carbohydrates; cover; development; fall; flower; plants; removal; row; runner; strawberry; yield", "summary": "Soluble carbohydrates on the other hand are crucial for frost hardening and successful overwinter- ing of strawberry plants (Gagnon et al. 1990). Soluble carbohydrates are crucial for frost hardening and their concentration is related to the level of frost hardiness in strawberry plants (Paquin et al. 1989, Gagnon et al. 1990).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-120743", "words": "9527", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Huttunen, Suvi; Paloviita, Ari; Puupponen, Antti; Lehtonen, Heikki; Niemi, Jyrki; Huan-Niemi, Ellen", "title": "Action-oriented knowledge for sustainable management of organic soils in Finnish agriculture", "date": "2023", "keywords": "afforestation; emissions; farmers; finland; finnish; food; ghg; ghg emissions; management; measures; method; peatlands; policy; production; qualitative; soils; system", "summary": "Therefore, agriculture is a contributing force to climate change due to unsustainable changes in land use with the usage of peatlands for food production in Finland and agricultural peatlands emitting 9 million tonnes of CO2 eq. Even with the scenario that allows food production on agricultural peatlands, a huge amount of land (120 000 ha) would need to be restored and a lot of agricultural peatlands would be under the measure of wet grasslands farming (120 000 ha).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-121256", "words": "9207", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Ko, Chan Seop; Lee, Joo Sun; Seo, Yong Weon; Seo, Yong Weon", "title": "Various temperature effects on spikelet growth in hulless oat during grain-filling stage", "date": "2022", "keywords": "analysis; components; conditions; content; dat; development; fig; filling; grain; oat; parameters; plants; protein; seed; stage; stress; temperature; temperature conditions; temperature stress; weight; yield; \u00b0 c", "summary": "The middle portions of flag leaves on the main tillers (which were tagged earlier) of the ten plants that were subjected to high temperature stress were measured in triplicates on 0, 5, 12, 16, 20, 24, 26, 29, and 33 days after treatment (DAT) at 09:00. Key words: Avena nuda, temperature stress, physiological measurement, proteome analysis, stress tolerance, grain development Introduction Oat (Avena sativa L.), a crop that grows well under poor soil and adverse environmental conditions, is primarily cultivated in countries such as Russia, Canada, and Europe (Schnitzenbaumer and Arendt 2014).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-121501", "words": "8165", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Jerez-Timaure, Nancy; Brinckmann, Gaspar; Berkhoff, Maureen; Ram\u00edrez-Reveco, Alfredo; Strobel, Pablo; Jerez Timaure, Nancy", "title": "Variations of early postmortem pH in carcasses of grass-fed steers and its relationship with glycolytic potential and meat quality traits", "date": "2022", "keywords": "carcasses; correlation; et al; glycogen; meat; muscle; ph3h; postmortem; potential; quality; science; traits", "summary": "https://doi:10.1016/S0309-1740(03)00140-2 Variations of early postmortem pH in carcasses of grass-fed steersand its relationship with glycolytic potential and meat qualitytraits Introduction Materials and methods Animals, slaughter, carcass handling, and sampling Glycogen, glucose, lactate contents and glycolytic potential Meat quality traits Statistical analysis Results Glycolytic potential and its components in LL muscles from carcasses grouped by pH3h Effects of early pH on meat quality traits Canonical correlation and bivariate correlation Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgement References Postmortem glycolytic potential allows to measure the potential lactate formation and it has been recognized to be highly correlated with ultimate pH (Wulf et al. 2002, England et al. 2016).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-122220", "words": "9093", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Autio, Sari; Laitala, Emilia; Kallio-Mannila, Kaija; Autio, Sari", "title": "Evaluation of the Finnish action plan for the sustainable use of pesticides 2018\u20132022", "date": "2023", "keywords": "2022; criterion; finnish; information; nap; plant; ppps; products; protection; respondents; risk; substances; training; use", "summary": "\u2022 Exposure of tractor drivers during spraying \u2022 Revising of PPP product labels to better serve users \u2022 Reforming the PPP Register and implementing a Swedish language version of the Register \u2022 Biological control in glasshouses \u2013 exposure, allergies and prevention thereof \u2022 Monitoring of impacts on human health and the environment Inspection of spraying equipment (Article 8) \u2022 Regular checks and calibration of sprayers \u2022 Control of application equipment inspection activities Aerial spraying (Article 9) \u2022 Aerial spraying of PPPs using drones Informing the public of PPP treatments (Article 10) \u2022 Buffer distance to neighbours \u2022 Guidelines on informing bystanders Specific measures to protect the aquatic environment and drinking water (Article 11) \u2022 Use of PPPs in surface and groundwater areas used for the abstraction of drinking water \u2022 Buffer distances to wells and springs \u2022 Reducing the use of PPPs in specific areas with a high risk of run-off into surface or groundwater \u2022 Evaluation of the appropriateness of environmental restrictions \u2022 Setting of environmental quality standards for all active substances Reduction of PPP use or risks in specific areas (Article 12) \u2022 Use of PPPs in nature conservation (Natura) areas \u2022 Recommendation on the reduction of PPP use in specific areas \u2022 Communication on re-entry periods \u2022 Sensitising substances Handling and storage of PPPs and treatment of their packaging and remnants (Article 13) \u2022 Revision of the PPE instructions \u2022 Biobeds \u2022 Promoting the collection of PPP waste \u2022 Measures to inform operators of the sale and use periods for expired products will be taken when a product\u2019s authorization is withdrawn. Inspection of spraying equipment and aerial spraying (Art. 8 \u2013 9) All experts were unanimous that regular testing of spray equipment works well and has a concrete impact on reducing the risks of PPP uses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-125326", "words": "9262", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Lehtil\u00e4, Anniina; Sairanen, Auvo; Jaakkola, Seija; Kokkonen, Tuomo; Kuoppala, Kaisa; Jokiniemi, Tapani; Wasonga, Daniel; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Pirjo; Lehtil\u00e4, Anniina", "title": "Response of forage maize yield and quality to mulch film and harvest time in Northern Europe", "date": "2023", "keywords": "content; dm yield; ear; et al; finland; forage; harvest; harvest time; helsinki; maaninka; maize; mulch; mulch film; starch; time; yield", "summary": "The use of mulch film has been shown to increase forage maize DM yield and starch content in Western Europe (van der Werf 1993, Easson and Fearnehough 2000, Keane et al. 2003, Farrell and Gilliland 2011). Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 22\u201335 32 Mulch film can be used to increase forage maize DM yield, although the use of oxo-(bio)degradable films, such as the mulch film used in this study, became banned in the European Union (EU) countries starting from 2021 (Directive (EU) 2019/904).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-125385", "words": "9330", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Huttunen, Inese; Huttunen, Markus; Salo, Tapio; Mattila, Pasi; Maanavilja, Liisa; Silfver, Tarja; Huttunen, Inese", "title": "National-scale nitrogen loading from the Finnish agricultural fields has decreased since the 1990s", "date": "2023", "keywords": "a-1; agricultural; atnl; catchments; data; denitrification; fertilizer; field; finland; finnish; icecream; input; leaching; loading; manure; mineral; model; scale; soil; total", "summary": "Mann-Kendall trend tests for simulated agricultural TN loading for different Baltic Sea sub-basins, mean annual leached N fraction and the runoff for mineral fertilizers, and the total N input to soil. Effects of differentiated applications of fertilizer N on leaching losses and distribution of inorganic N in the soil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-125767", "words": "9466", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Alakukku, Laura; Virkaj\u00e4rvi, Perttu; Kykk\u00e4nen, Sanna; Pietola, Liisa; Alakukku, Laura", "title": "Root growth dynamics and biomass input of four over-wintering herbaceous crops in boreal conditions ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "biomass; carbon; cereals; clover; crops; depth; doy; et al; growth; layer; red; root; root biomass; soil; spring; timothy; wheat; winter", "summary": "K\u00e4tterer et al. (1993) reported that 30% of winter cereal root biomass was located below the depth of 25 cm. At anthesis, root biomass and morphological parameters were measured by destructive soil sampling and image analysis of washed roots.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-127253", "words": "7535", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Sairanen, Auvo; Kajava, Sari; Palmio, Annu; Rinne, Marketta; Rinne, Marketta", "title": "Shortened first regrowth interval of grass silage as a harvesting strategy to improve nutrient supply for dairy cows: a case study", "date": "2023", "keywords": "cows; exp; grass; harvest; intake; kg-1; milk; production; regrowth; silage; yield", "summary": "Different harvesting strategies and cultivar mixtures for grass silage production in Finland. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 94\u2013103 94 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.127253 Shortened first regrowth interval of grass silage as a harvesting strategy to improve nutrient supply for dairy cows: a case study Auvo Sairanen1, Sari Kajava1, Annu Palmio1 and Marketta Rinne2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: auvo.sairanen@luke.fi Dairy cows have a highly valuable ability to convert grass into milk.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-127935", "words": "8934", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Hellton, Kristoffer H.; Amdahl, Helga; Thorarinsdottir, Thordis; Alsheikh, Muath; Aamlid, Trygve; J\u00f8rgensen, Marit; Dalmannsdottir, Sigiridur; Rognli, Odd Arne; Hellton, Kristoffer H.", "title": "Yield predictions of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in Norway under future climate scenarios", "date": "2023", "keywords": "climate; data; days; dmy; gdd; july; locations; model; norway; precipitation; predictors; table; temperature; timothy; year; yield", "summary": "Several simulation or process-based models have been developed to predict timothy yield (Korhonen et al. 2018), simulating in detail the distinct phases of crop growth and development. In this study, we built a statistical prediction model for timothy yield based on agro-climatic predictors, in particular temperature and precipitation, using data available from Norwegian variety testing of timothy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-128680", "words": "8474", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Blix Germundsson, Lisa; Ljung, Magnus; Blix Germundsson, Lisa", "title": "Collective agency as a leverage point in multi-actor innovation: Two case studies from Swedish horticulture", "date": "2023", "keywords": "actors; agency; agricultural; case; farmers; firms; ideas; innovation; knowledge; learning; leverage; new; points; project; researchers", "summary": "Results This section presents the two case studies of multi-actor innovation collaboration. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 166\u2013178 166 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.128680 Collective agency as a leverage point in multi-actor innovation: Two case studies from Swedish horticulture Lisa Blix Germundsson1and Magnus Ljung2 1Department of People and Society, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden 2Department of People and Society, National Competence Centre for Advisory Services, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, 532 31 Skara, Sweden e-mail: lisa.germundsson@slu.se", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-130009", "words": "9296", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Salonen, Jukka; Jalli, Heikki; Muotila, Anne; Niemi, Mari; Ojanen, Hannu; Ruuttunen, Pentti; Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho; Salonen, Jukka", "title": "Fifth survey on weed flora in spring cereals in Finland ", "date": "2023", "keywords": "biomass; diversity; fields; production; repens; salonen; species; spring; survey; systems; total; weed", "summary": "The frequency of occurrence over studied fields (hereafter \u2018frequency\u2019) refers to the proportion of fields where a species was found indicating distribution of weed species. Frequency of weed species The occurrence of the 40 most frequent weed species in the small 0.1 m2 sample quadrats is presented by region (Tables 3 and 5) and the remaining species observed from the larger 1.0 m2 quadrats are listed by region (Appendix).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-130086", "words": "7205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Maljanen, Marja Elisa; Marttila, Emilia; Bhattarai, Hem Raj; Maljanen, Marja Elisa", "title": "Greenhouse gas and reactive N-gas emissions from a horse paddock \u2013 relationship to physicochemical properties of soil", "date": "2023", "keywords": "ch4; emissions; et al; gas; hono; horse; july; n2o; paddock; samples; sampling; soil", "summary": "Soil respiration (CO2 emission) was highest in horse paddock soil and decreased from May to July. Discussion Based on the results, we can say that horse paddock soils can be significant but local sources for the studied gases.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-130131", "words": "7720", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Doniec, Joanna; Pierzchalska, Ma\u0142gorzata; Mickowska, Barbara; Grabacka, Maja; Grabacka, Maja", "title": "The in vitro digestates from Brussels sprouts processed with various hydrothermal treatments affect the intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, mitochondrial polarization and glutathione level", "date": "2023", "keywords": "activity; amino; brussels; brussels sprouts; caco-2; cells; digestates; fig; food; gsh; hydrothermal; processing; raw; sous; sprouts; usa; vegetables; vide", "summary": "Cysteine and methionine contents were the highest in the digestates from raw Brussels sprouts, which corresponds with high GSH levels in HepG2 cells (Fig. 3 B). The in vitro digestates from raw Brussels sprouts had stronger positive effect on the enterocyte marker enzymes in the Caco-2 cultures as compared to the digestates from the hydrothermally processed vegetables (boiled, steamed and sous- vide).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-130323", "words": "7658", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Ayk\u0131n Din\u00e7er, Elif; Erba\u015f, Mustafa; Ayk\u0131n Din\u00e7er, Elif", "title": "A Quality assessment of cold dried chicken slices during storage in different packages and temperatures: The storage of cold dried chicken slices ", "date": "2023", "keywords": "chicken; map; meat; packaging; samples; slices; storage; temperature; type; value", "summary": "6.57a \u00b1 0.30 Significance NS ** ** ** Time (day, n=4) 0 10.62e \u00b1 0.40 10.69f \u00b1 0.79 4.88c \u00b1 0.14 5.03f \u00b1 0.14 15 16.31d \u00b1 0.64 48.68e \u00b1 2.79 4.72c \u00b1 0.09 5.22f \u00b1 0.10 30 19.75c \u00b1 1.34 57.38d \u00b1 8.49 5.19b \u00b1 0.49 5.48e \u00b1 0.50 45 20.22c \u00b1 0.68 65.75c \u00b1 3.04 4.89c \u00b1 0.07 7.48a \u00b1 0.47 60 30.96b \u00b1 1.59 69.82b \u00b1 2.55 5.61a \u00b1 0.49 5.71d \u00b1 0.30 75 35.29a \u00b1 2.79 70.74b \u00b1 4.49 5.69a \u00b1 0.32 6.70c \u00b1 0.21 90 37.32a \u00b1 1.49 76.93a \u00b1 2.16 5.33b \u00b1 0.08 7.00b \u00b1 0.36 Significance ** ** ** ** MAP = Modified atmosphere packaging; AP = Atmospheric packaging. 0.910a \u00b1 0.001 0.903a \u00b1 0.010 6.10 \u00b1 0.04 6.09e \u00b1 0.03 15 0.906a \u00b1 0.002 0.893a \u00b1 0.004 6.07 \u00b1 0.04 6.09e \u00b1 0.03 30 0.906a \u00b1 0.004 0.850b \u00b1 0.027 6.08 \u00b1 0.02 6.18d \u00b1 0.02 45 0.901ab \u00b1 0.005 0.840b \u00b1 0.023 6.11 \u00b1 0.02", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-130404", "words": "5571", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Nissinen, Anne; Latvala, Satu; Lindqvist, Isa; Parikka, P\u00e4ivi; Kumpula, Raija; Rikala, Kati; Blande, James; Nissinen, Anne", "title": "First observations of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) suggest that it is a transient species in Finland", "date": "2023", "keywords": "berries; drosophila; et al; farm; field; finland; pest; samples; suzukii; swd; traps", "summary": "Tun- nel entries and a killing agent uncover the importance of fly retention in Drosophila suzukii traps. Identification of D. suzukii specimens was confirmed with PCR and sequencing of the COI region, and four SWD haplotypes were found.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-130983", "words": "10585", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Olsson Nystr\u00f6m, \u00c5sa; Blomquist, Jens; Persson, Lars; Gunnarsson, Anita; Berglund, Kerstin; Olsson Nystr\u00f6m, \u00c5sa", "title": "Long-term effects of liming on crop yield, plant diseases, soil structure and risk of phosphorus leaching ", "date": "2023", "keywords": "beet; lime; liming; ns p; soil; structure; sugar; treatment; trials; yield", "summary": "Key words: structure lime, ground limestone, aggregate stability, phosphorus, sugar beet, soil-borne disease Introduction Liming has multiple effects on soil, influencing e.g. soil structure, plant nutrition and soil-borne diseases (Holland et al. 2018). Soil structure 1.5\u20132 years after liming, crop yield and plant nutrition in barley under four different fertilisation strategies in the 13 trials have been reported in an earlier paper by Gunnarsson et al. (2022).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-131550", "words": "8893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku; Taskinen, Antti; Ekholm, Petri; Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Gypsum amendment influences soil and plant chemical composition temporarily", "date": "2023", "keywords": "application; clay; coarse; concentration; fields; finland; gypsum; gypsum application; mineral; plant; soil; table", "summary": "There were bigger differences in soil P concentration between the years in fields that had a high soil test P level, Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 195\u2013206 201 usually associated with a larger difference between the two replicates. Soil concentrations of Mg did not decrease upon gypsum application, suggesting no major leaching of Mg as a response to the amendment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-131638", "words": "10284", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "M\u00e4kinen, Joonas; Himanen, Sari; Kivij\u00e4rvi, Pirjo; Saussure, St\u00e9phanie; Kaseva, Janne; Blande, James; M\u00e4kinen, Joonas", "title": "Can strip cropping reduce pest activity density and damage while increasing yield? A case study of organic cabbage and faba bean", "date": "2023", "keywords": "activity; average; bean; cabbage; crop; cropping; damage; density; faba; faba bean; monocrop; pest; phyllotreta; plot; spp; strip; strip cropping; study; xylostella; yield", "summary": "In our study we used different cultivars to those used in the study by Shanmugam et al. (2022), our field design used crop strips instead of rows, and the geographical locations were different. Treatment (cabbage (CB), faba bean (FB), and strip crop (SC), year (2018 and 2019) and timepoint (T1, T2 and T3), and all their interactions were used as fixed effects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-131722", "words": "9520", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Mousavi, Hesam; Cottis, Thomas; Solberg, Svein \u00d8ivind; Mousavi, Hesam", "title": "Nitrogen Enriched Organic fertilizer (NEO) elevates nitrification rates shortly after application but has no lasting effect on nitrification in agricultural soils", "date": "2023", "keywords": "cereal; et al; fertilization; fertilizer; field; field soil; g-1; grass; lab; neo; nitrification; nitrogen; potential; rates; raw; slurries; slurry; soil; soil nitrification", "summary": "In this study, we investigated the impact of NEO derived from cattle slurry and biogas digestate on soil nitrification, which involves the conversion of NH4 + to NO2 - and NO3 - by aerobic autotrophic bacteria and archaea. Consequently, NEO indicates its potential as an environmentally benign fertilizer without adversely affecting soil nitrification.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-135986", "words": "8513", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Rybacki, Piotr; Sawinska, Zuzanna; Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1, Miroslava; Kowalczewski, Przemys\u0142aw \u0141.; Osuch, Andrzej; Durczak, Karol; Rybacki, Piotr", "title": "Convolutional neural network model for the qualitative evaluation of geometric shape of carrot root", "date": "2024", "keywords": "accuracy; analysis; carrot; carrot root; class; classification; cnn; data; diameter; et al; food; image; learning; model; number; photographs; quality; root; shape", "summary": "Considering the file number (carrot root image), the example algorithm automatically sorted them in terms of diameter and length and copied them to the appropriate catalogue, from which they were subsequently collected by the CNN model algorithm. Balanced accuracy ensures that all classes contribute equally to the overall accuracy calcu- lation, even if the number of carrot roots images in the classes is unequal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-136008", "words": "7239", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Axelsson, Louise; Arvidsson \u2013 Segerkvist, Katarina; P\u00e1lsd\u00f3ttir, Anna Mar\u00eda; Ljung, Magnus; Axelsson, Louise", "title": "The meaning of animal well-being for farmers and dairy farm employees", "date": "2024", "keywords": "animal; change; communication; dairy; employees; farmers; farms; importance; job; milk; production; satisfaction; work", "summary": "This is because increased employee job satisfaction contributes to the functioning of the employee group and, thus, to the farmer\u2019s sense of peace at work. A working environment characterised by openness and consideration promotes employee communication, although practical conditions are also required for effective communication.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-137136", "words": "8456", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia; Manni, Katariina; Huuskonen, Arto; Rinne, Marketta", "title": "Evaluating the effects of wilting, mixing with timothy and silage additive application on red clover silage quality", "date": "2023", "keywords": "acid; additive; clover; con; et al; fermentation; grass; low; quality; red; red clover; rinne; science; silage; timothy", "summary": "Low DM silages were poorly preserved with high pH, elevated acetic acid concentrations and proportions of ammo- nia-N in total N, as well as depleted water soluble carbohydrate levels. It is well established that LAB inoculants are not suitable for low DM silages, and most commercial brands recom- mend their use for biomass with a DM content above 250\u2013300 g kg-1 DM.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-137608", "words": "11197", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Hansen, Kristian; Koesling, Matthias; Steinshamn, H\u00e5vard; Hansen, Bj\u00f8rn Gunnar; Dalgaard, Tomm; Hansen, Sissel; Hansen, Kristian", "title": "A Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nitrogen Intensity, Gross Margin, and Land Use Occupation between Comparable Conventional and Organic Managed Dairy Farms", "date": "2024", "keywords": "dairy; dairy farms; emissions; energy; et al; farms; ghg; groups; land; margin; matching; mean; meat; milk; nitrogen; production; study; use", "summary": "Differences in soil carbon contents and carbon sequestration between organically and conventionally managed farms are not factored into total farm emissions in FARMnor, assuming that soil carbon is stable for dairy farms in this region. Furthermore, conventionally managed farms showed lower gross margins both in terms of NOK per 2.78 MJ edible energy delivered (5.8 vs 6.5 NOK) and per milking cow unit (30 100 vs 34 400 NOK), and they used less land (2.9 vs 3.6 m\u00b2 per 2.78 MJ edible energy delivered) compared to organic farms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-137721", "words": "8782", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Tommila, Tero; Palonen, Pauliina; Tommila, Tero", "title": "The effect of relative humidity and the use of algae-based biostimulants on fruit set, yield and fruit size of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "arctic; bramble; drupelets; exp; fruit; fruit set; fruit weight; n.s; number; set; spoilage; treatments; yield", "summary": "There was also a sta- tistically non-significant trend towards higher fruit weight in lower RH. As for Hypothesis 4, an increase in arctic bramble fruit weight was observed when the plants were treated with Kriss in a greenhouse, and with the series of nine repeated treatments of both Kriss and Alginamin in a high tunnel.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-137722", "words": "10268", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Guraya, Mar\u00eda Angeles; Andr\u00edn, Mar\u00eda Nieves; Batres, Roc\u00edo; Torresi , Pablo Antonio; Reinheimer, Maria Agustina; Godoy, Ezequiel; Guraya, Mar\u00eda Angeles", "title": "Protein recovery from yellow peas (Pisum sativum L.) for enhanced processing sustainability and functional properties", "date": "2024", "keywords": "acid; bacteria; capacity; content; et al; extraction; food; hcl; pea; pea protein; peas; process; properties; protein; protein products; protein recovery; value; water", "summary": "(10) Protein profiles by SDS-PAGE Protein fractions of pea protein products were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis. As many authors reported for pea protein products (Shand et al. 2007, Adebiyi and Aluko 2011, Ladjal-Ettoumi 2015), the alkaline-soluble proteins (i.e. the ones recovered through the pH-shifting process) exhibit a typical bell-shaped curve, with a minimum solubility index around the isoelectric point (4.5\u20135.0) and maximum values under alkaline (pH 8) and very acidic (pH 2) conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-137790", "words": "9225", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Tienhaara, Annika; Niemi, Jyrki; Vainio, Annukka; Pouta, Eija; Pouta, Eija", "title": "The future of agriculture and agricultural policy: perceptions of non-farmers and farmers: Future images", "date": "2024", "keywords": "agriculture; citizens; cluster; et al; farmers; farming; food; future; non; perceptions; policy; preferences; production; respondents; support", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2024) 33: 1\u201314 1 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.137790 The future of agriculture and agricultural policy: perceptions of non-farmers and farmers Tienhaara Annika1, Niemi Jyrki1, Vainio Annukka2 and Pouta Eija1 1Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland 2University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00790 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: annika.tienhaara@luke.fi We examined the views of Finnish non-farmers and farmers on the desirable future developments of agriculture and agricultural policy using principal component and cluster analysis by focusing on three key themes: the structure of agricultural production, agri-environmental issues, and the funding of agriculture. A significant number of respondents supported the idea that climate and other environmental issues should be better considered in agricultural policy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-142012", "words": "11293", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kinnula, Sari; Kanerva, Sanna; Soinne, Helena; Toivonen, Marjaana; Joona, Juuso; Tuulos, Antti; Parviainen, Tuure; Kinnunen, Ossi; Kivel\u00e4, Jukka; Kinnula, Sari", "title": "Pulp mill sludges as a solution for reducing the risk of mineral nitrogen leaching from agriculture", "date": "2024", "keywords": "concentration; cpms; experiment; fertiliser; incubation; lpms; mill; mineral; no3; no3 --n; pmss; pulp; sludge; soil; soil no3; spring; treatment", "summary": "Besides N leaching, PMS additions have been shown to increase soil organic C content (Phillips et al. 1997, Rantala et al. 1999, Zibilske et al. 2000, Foley and Cooperband 2002, Chow et al. 2003). Relationships between soil organic matter content and soil erosion severity in Albeluvisols of the Zemaiciai Uplands.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-142601", "words": "9295", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Yigit, Furkan; Rantam\u00e4ki-Lahtinen, Leena; Sipil\u00e4inen, Timo; Yigit, Furkan", "title": "What Causes Finnish Family Farmers Feel Successful? The Role of Resources and Entrepreneurial Characteristics", "date": "2024", "keywords": "business; entrepreneurship; family; family business; family farmers; farmers; farms; journal; management; orientation; research; resources; skills; study; success; variables", "summary": "Family farm resources are mostly evaluated by farmers at the same level as their competitors. \u2018Family resources\u2019 reflecting resources uniquely to family farms are subjected to has effect on perceived success.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-142929", "words": "8091", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia; Kuoppala, Kaisa; Jalava, Taina; Stefanski, Tomasz; Kokkonen, Tuomo; Rinne, Marketta", "title": "Effects of harvest date and additives on maize silage quality under boreal conditions", "date": "2024", "keywords": "acid; additives; concentration; conditions; et al; fermentation; finland; harvest; kg-1; maize; maize silage; quality; rinne; silage; stability; starch", "summary": "The average outdoor temperatures in Finland for October, November, December, January, February, March and April are 2.9. \u20132.1, \u20135.6, \u20138.3, \u20138.5, \u20134.4 and 1.4 \u00b0C (average for years 1990\u20132020, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland), respectively, so that it might be needed to evaluate the effects of low temperatures on maize silage fermentation. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2024) 33: 127\u2013138 127 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.142929 Effects of harvest date and additives on maize silage quality under boreal conditions Marketta Rinne1, Marcia Franco1, Kaisa Kuoppala1, Taina Jalava1, Tomasz Stefa\u0144ski1 and Tuomo Kokkonen2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland 2University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Helsinki, Finland e-mail: marketta.rinne@luke.fi", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-143565", "words": "7577", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Engstr\u00f6m, Lena; Delin, Sofia; Wetterlind, Johanna; Jonsson, Anders; Syed Rehmat Ullah, Shah; Engstr\u00f6m, Lena ", "title": "Optimum N-rate and effect of split N fertilization timing on yield and quality in spring oat varieties ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "application; content; grain; ha-1; optn; protein; split; varieties; yield", "summary": "Belinda had higher yield and N yield than the other varieties. The results showed that a second application of N to oats can be performed at GS32, GS45, or GS55 without significantly affecting grain yield, but that earlier application may be more consistent in producing high yield (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-143577", "words": "17245", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Ollikainen, Markku; L\u00f6tj\u00f6nen, Sanna; Tikkanen, Tommi; Ala-Harja, Venla; Uusitalo, Risto; Ekholm, Petri; Ollikainen, Markku", "title": "Gypsum and structure lime amendments in boreal agricultural clay soils: Do climate emissions compromise water quality benefits?", "date": "2024", "keywords": "amendments; benefits; cost; drp; effectiveness; emissions; et al; finnish; ghg; ghg emissions; gypsum; ha-1; kgco2e; loading; materials; phosphorus; reduction; soil; soil amendments; soil p; structure lime; table; use; water; year", "summary": "Agricultural and Food Science (2024) 33: 90\u2013115 94 Overall, experimental periods have been too short to provide a concise estimate of the duration of the impact of structure lime amendment and the application rate (Norberg and Aronsson 2022). The Finnish studies on structure lime amendments are of more recent origin and largely not yet published in scientific journals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-143844", "words": "6343", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "R\u00e4tsep, Reelika; Maante-Kuljus, Mariana; Karp, Kadri; Kaldm\u00e4e, Hedi; P\u00f5ldma, Priit; Koort, Angela; Mainla, Leila; Moor, Ulvi; R\u00e4tsep, Reelika ", "title": "Polyphenol composition and antioxidant activity of wine raw materials and pomace from hybrid grapes, aronia, and Japanese quince", "date": "2024", "keywords": "activity; antioxidant; aronia; content; fruits; g-1; grape; japanese; polyphenols; pomace; quince; wine", "summary": "Antioxidant activity The AA varied across the experimental years, being 631 and 584 mg AAE 100 g-1 for aronia fruits, 342 and 282 mg AAE 100 g-1 for Japanese quince fruits, with significantly lower AA observed in 2022 (Fig. 5). Similarly, the content of epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and procyanidin C1 in Japanese quince pomace was significantly re- duced compared to the fruit.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-144532", "words": "7253", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi; Koivisto, Anu; Liski, Eero; Jaakkonen, Anna-Kaisa; Mattila, Tiina; Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi", "title": "Time trends of field vegetable yields and yield gaps in northern latitudes using a Bayesian approach", "date": "2024", "keywords": "cabbage; carrot; data; farms; finland; gap; onion; production; regions; time; trends; white; yield; yield gap", "summary": "The concept of yield gap is commonly used in studies dealing with food security, biodiversity, land use, and climate change (see Rattalino Edreira et al. 2021). Yield gap is defined as the difference between the potential and actual yield (van Ittersum and Rabbinge 1997, van Ittersum et al. 2013).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-144578", "words": "8564", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju; Manni, Katariina; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi", "title": "Intake, gain and carcass traits of Hereford and Simmental bulls offered total mixed rations based on red clover and whole-crop barley silages", "date": "2024", "keywords": "barley; breed; bulls; carcass; clover; et al; feeding; growth; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage", "summary": "The relative intake potential of silage DM (SDMI index) was calculated as described by Huhtanen et al. (2007). In a meta-analysis of dairy cow feeding experiments the maximum silage DM intake (DMI) was obtained when the proportion of the whole crop silage was 0.48 of total silage DM (Huhtanen et.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-144747", "words": "8267", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "R\u00e4m\u00f6, Janne; Tzemi, Domna; Lehtonen, Heikki; Palosuo, Taru; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; R\u00e4m\u00f6, Janne", "title": "Improving a dynamic farm level model by coupling empirically estimated pre-crop values with crop rotation optimization", "date": "2024", "keywords": "barley; constraints; crop; effects; et al; farm; land; lehtonen; model; pre; purola; rotation; use; values; wheat; yield", "summary": "Parameters of the input use effects on crop yields are based on empirical estimations. Ac- counting for the effects of crop rotation on crop yields, simultaneously with input use effects, is an important economic issue at the farm level.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-145198", "words": "7075", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Shaat, Ihab Mostafa; Alhamadani , Alaa; Al-Shargi, Khafan; Al-Habsi , Rashid; Al-Sedeiri , Talal; Al Naabi, Asila; Maki-Tanila, Asko; Shaat, Ihab Mostafa", "title": "Statistical modelling of growth curve for longitudinal data on a feeding trial in goat breeds\u00a0", "date": "2024", "keywords": "age; breed; concentrate; curve; effect; feeding; goats; growth; kids; level; model; weaning; weight", "summary": "Software The actual mixed model analyses were performed with publicly available R software (R Core Team 2021) using gls procedure for fixed effect model with both ML and REML, lme procedure of the nlme package (https://cran.r-pro- ject.org/web/packages/nlme/nlme.pdf) for mixed models with REML. The fixed effect cubic regres- sion with linear random effect model fitted into the data.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-145290", "words": "10530", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Guraya, Mar\u00eda Angeles; Iguti, Antonia Miwa; Triboli , Edison Paulo De Ros; Ribeiro, Eliana Paula; Accoroni, Cecilia; Esp\u00f3sito, Mar\u00eda Andrea; Torresi, Pablo Antonio; Reinheimer, Mar\u00eda Agustina; Godoy, Ezequiel; Guraya, Mar\u00eda Angeles", "title": "Effects of Spray Drying and Lactic Acid Fermentation on the Technological Characteristics of Yellow and Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Protein Products", "date": "2024", "keywords": "2020; acid; agent; content; density; drying; encapsulant; et al; extraction; fine; food; green; pea; pea protein; peas; properties; protein; protein content; protein products; spray; values; water", "summary": "Nonetheless, in contrast to animal proteins, pea proteins typically exhibit a diminished biological value owing to their reduced content of sulfur-containing amino acids. Pea protein presents several advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, hypoallergenic properties, and positive consumer percep- tion (Lam et al. 2018).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-145308", "words": "8216", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Rybarczyk, Artur; Haraf, Gabriela; Tokarczyk, Grzegorz; Teleszko, Miros\u0142awa; Tobolska, Izabella; Bienkiewicz, Grzegorz; Rybarczyk, Artur", "title": "Effect of distillers yeast in feed on texture, fatty acid profile and antioxidant properties of breast muscle of broiler chickens: Effect of yeast on composition and meat quality of broiler chicken", "date": "2024", "keywords": "acid; addition; breast; broiler; broiler chickens; chickens; diet; distillers yeast; et al; fatty; feed; group; muscles; yeast", "summary": "In comparison, high doses of DDGS (5\u201325%) in broiler chicken feed resulted in a significant increase in MDA content in breast muscle at 20% DDGS addition (Min et al. 2012). A, B = p \u2264 0.01; a, b and x, y = p \u2264 0.05; means in columns and rows and denoted using different letters differ statistically significantly; SEM = standard error of the mean A. Rybarczyk et al. 148 proportion of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in the feed from 5 to 25% affected the fatty acid profile of broiler chicken breasts and thighs by increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, a finding confirmed by Corzo et al. (2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-145477", "words": "8799", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Dom\u00ednguez Carrasco, Mar\u00eda D. R.; Salo, Tapio; Keskinen, Riikka; Suomi, Johanna; Suomi, Johanna", "title": "Comparison of the effects of bio-based and mineral fertiliser use on heavy metals dietary exposure in six European countries ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "adults; bbfs; content; crops; data; dietary; efsa; exposure; finnish; food; occurrence; table", "summary": "Sch (re- sults in Table 3s) was further multiplied by current HM occurrence and dietary exposure data to estimate changes in content and foodborne exposure respectively in LexCountry\u00b4s crops and population. Calculation of HM content change factor induced by fertilisers use To assess the effects of BBFs on the crop HM content and further on current dietary exposure, we conducted 100- year mass balance modelling for several crops in conditions of Spain, Denmark, Hungary, Finland, Germany and France (Salo et al. 2025).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-145642", "words": "8031", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Kiiski, Eveliina; Hyyti\u00e4inen, Kari; Kiiaki, Eveliina", "title": "Trade-offs between carbon conservation and profitability in crop cultivation: unlocking potential through diversifying crop allocations regionally", "date": "2024", "keywords": "2020; allocation; balance; carbon; climate; crop; emissions; finland; grass; ha-1; manure; nitrogen; profit; rotations; soil; spring; yield; yr-1", "summary": "Key words: diversifying crop production, crop rotations, linear programming, optimization, regional analysis Introduction Yield-related uncertainties of farming are expected to increase due to climate change (R\u00f6tter et al. 2012). Careful planning of crop rotations can create multiple benefits including improved soil fertility (Volsi et al. 2022), fewer yield related risks (Angus et al. 2015) and reduced fertilizer usage (Rodriguez et al. 2021).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-146579", "words": "7082", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Iivonen, Sari; Niemel\u00e4inen, Oiva; Kokkinen, Mirva; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Iivonen, Sari", "title": "Yield variation and yield potential of organic arable crops in Finland derived from statistical data", "date": "2024", "keywords": "average; cereals; conditions; crops; farming; farms; finland; potential; production; silage; systems; variation; yield", "summary": "The second aim was to compare organic yields with conventional ones in different regions and to analyse underlying factors that explained the variation in organic crop yields in Finland. When comparing median yields per ha, organic yields were on average 65% of conventional yields.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-146766", "words": "8759", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Salo, Tapio; Keskinen, Riikka; del Rosario Dominguez Carrasco, Maria; Suomi, Johanna; Ylivainio, Kari; Salo, Tapio", "title": "Substituting fossil-based mineral fertilizers with bio-based products \u2013 impacts on potentially toxic elements in soil and crops", "date": "2025", "keywords": "balance; bbfh; bbfl; contents; et al; fertilizers; fluxes; ha-1; kg-1; maximum; mineral; mpf; products; pte; ptes; soil", "summary": "In agreement with the current results, Sterckeman et al. (2018) found crop rotations to have less influence on the Cd balance than fertilizer Cd content. Effects of fertilizer use on PTE fluxes The estimates of soil PTE contents, atmospheric deposition, and rates of runoff and erosion presented in Table 1 and Supplementary material (Appendix 2) and used in the mass-balance model in assessing the BBF-induced changes in the PTE contents and fluxes, were derived from small and often local datasets and may even contain point values.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-146831", "words": "6480", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "B\u00f6rjesson, Thomas; Persson, Kristin; Lindgren, Anders; B\u00f6rjesson, Thomas", "title": "Spatial dynamics of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in Swedish oats", "date": "2024", "keywords": "2022; content; don; kg-1; levels; oats; samples; sweden; t2+ht2; weather; years", "summary": "There was a statistically significant spatial variation structure (Moran\u2019s I; p< 0.05) in two of the years, and high T2+HT2 content was positively related to high content the previous year (p< 0.001). Precipitation showed negative correlations with the prevalence of high T2+HT2 content for many time-windows throughout the season, but when the three years were combined there was no statistically significant correlation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-146997", "words": "11972", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Hynni, Antti; K\u00e4yhk\u00f6, Jukka; Kuhmonen, Tuomas; Hynni, Antti", "title": "Factors explaining the differences in the adoption of circular economy measures among farms in Southwest Finland", "date": "2025", "keywords": "areas; economy; education; farmers; farming; farms; fertilizers; finland; income; method; production; reference category; regression; survey; use; variables", "summary": "12\u201337 20 The type of farm production significantly affected the change in mineral fertilizer use from 2018 to 2022. Younger farmers and those on organic farms were more open to adjust- ing the amounts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-147755", "words": "5381", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Knicky, Martin; Zamaratskaia, Galia; Fogelberg, Fredrik; Knicky, Martin", "title": "Yield and protein composition in seeds of four buckwheat (Fagopyrum sp.) cultivars cropped in Sweden", "date": "2024", "keywords": "buckwheat; cultivars; et al; food; ha-1; protein; seeds; sweden; tartary; yield", "summary": "One-way ANOVA was used to estimate the differences between the cultivars of common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat. Cultivations parameters of four cultivars of common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat in 2021\u20132022 Parameter Year Tartary Buckwheat LSD** Smuga Panda Kora Darja* Germination, % 2021 97.5 98.8 97.5 97.5 96.3 6.3 2022 93.8 100 100 100 2.0 Plants m-2 2021 192.8 187.5 186.8 188.5 192.8 10.6 2022 192.8 206.5 208.5 203.8 14.2 Days from sowing to seed maturity 2021 110b 104d 108c 93e 151a 1.33 2022 133a 129c 131b 127d 1.0 Moisture, % 2021 30.2a 28.6a 29.6a 29.4a 42.1b 2.0 2022 32.7a", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-147802", "words": "5612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Pihu, Silvia; M\u00e4e, Andres; Kennedy, Hannah Joy Vivian; Hamouzova, Katerina; Pihu, Silvia", "title": "The first recorded case of herbicide resistance in Estonia: common chickweed (Stellaria media) resistant to sulfonylureas", "date": "2025", "keywords": "als; biotypes; dose; estonia; herbicide; mechanisms; media; resistance; site; sme14; target; weed", "summary": "The first recorded case of herbicide resistance in Estonia: common chickweed (Stellaria media) resistant to sulfonylureas Silvia Pihu1, Andres M\u00e4e1, Hannah Joy Vivian Kennedy1 and Katerina Hamouzova2 1Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge (METK), Estonia 2Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic e-mail: silvia.pihu@metk.agri.ee Herbicide resistance has been insufficiently studied in the Baltic countries. However, herbicide resistance in arable weeds is increasing rapidly worldwide, becoming one of the greatest chal- lenges to crop production and food security (Ziska 2020).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-148486", "words": "5201", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Heikkinen, Jaakko; Keskinen, Riikka; Ylivainio, Kari; Heikkinen, Jaakko", "title": "Defining critical SOC/clay thresholds for soil health in boreal croplands using satellite-based NDVI proxies for productivity and resilience", "date": "2025", "keywords": "clay; clay ratio; data; et al; ndvi; nsm; plots; ratio; soc; soil; study", "summary": "They discovered a notable positive linear correlation between the SOC/clay ratio and both grain yield and net nitrogen mineralization specifically in clay soils. In this study, we used the satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a proxy for soil productivity (Moges et al. 2005, Tenreiro et al. 2021).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-149470", "words": "10612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Krizsan, Sophie Julie; Franco, Marcia; Rinne, Marketta; Ramin, Mohammad; Fatehi, Farhang; Krizsan, Sophie Julie", "title": "In vitro evaluation of agro-industrial by-products in diets for cattle", "date": "2025", "keywords": "barley; dairy; ddg; diets; et al; experiment; kg-1; production; products; protein; sbm; sbp; science; silage; vitro", "summary": "Many by-products from the agricultural and food industries can be used in dairy cow diets. Further, in vivo production experiments are needed to fully assess the potential of inclusions of in vitro evaluated by-products as widely applicable alternative feeds in beef cattle and dairy cow diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-153239", "words": "6645", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Lenartowicz, Tomasz; Bujak, Henryk; Przystalski, Marcin; Nowosad, Kamila; Jo\u0144czyk, Krzysztof; Feledyn-Szewczyk, Beata; LENARTOWICZ, TOMASZ", "title": "Comparison of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L) varieties grown in organic trials: lodging and plant height", "date": "2025", "keywords": "environments; farmer; height; lodging; means; model; plant; stability; study; trials; varieties; variety", "summary": "Variety height means, ecovalence stability coefficients (Wj, j = 1, ... , J), values of the simultaneous selection index and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPVG) stability index. Yield reduction due to diseases and lodging and impact of input intensity on yield in variety trials in five cereal crops.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-154813", "words": "5806", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Zamaratskaia, Galia; Mousa, Nariman; Fogelberg, Fredrik; Kravchenko, Oksana; Langton, Maud; Zamaratskaia, Galia", "title": "Textural properties of faba bean-based Camembert analogue", "date": "2025", "keywords": "analogues; camembert; cheese; coconut; content; dairy; et al; faba; fat; food; oil; plant; texture", "summary": "Relationship between instrumental and sensory measurements of cheese texture. TPA offers several advantages in the evaluation of cheese and cheese analogue tex- ture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-154949", "words": "5963", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Stenberg, Elin; Olsson, Viktoria; Karlsson, Anders H; Wendin, Karin; Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina; Stenberg, Elin", "title": "Influence of different production systems on the sensory attributes, fatty acid composition and vitamin E concentration in meat from intact male lambs", "date": "2025", "keywords": "acid; composition; concentrate; fatty; flavour; lambs; meat; odour; pasture; vitamin", "summary": "Meat from lambs reared on semi-natural pasture tended to have stronger hay odour (p= 0.052) and leafy flavour (p= 0.078) than lamb meat from the production systems involving cultivated pasture and indoor feeding. Many different factors from farm to fork, such as breed, feed components, slaughter method and cooking method, affect the eating quality of lamb meat (Sa\u00f1udo et al. 1998).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-155733", "words": "6350", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Derejko, Adriana; Studnicki, Marcin; W\u00f3jcik-Gront, Elzbieta; DEREJKO, ADRIANA", "title": "Impact of genotype-environment interactions on wheat yield and quality: Evidence from multilocation trials", "date": "2025", "keywords": "content; cultivars; environment; food; genotype; gpc; grain; protein; quality; science; wheat; yield", "summary": "Genotype \u00d7 environment interaction and genetic gain for grain yield and grain quality traits in Turkish spring wheat released between 1964 and 2010. Analysis of ge- netic control and QTL mapping of essential wheat grain quality traits in a recombinant inbred population.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-156426", "words": "8109", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Katariina, Manni; Huhtanen, Pekka; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi", "title": "Modelling effects of different milk production intensities on methane production and nitrogen excretion when targeted amounts of milk and beef are produced", "date": "2025", "keywords": "beef; beef production; ch4; ch4 production; cows; dairy; emissions; milk; milk production; production; total; year-1; yield", "summary": "It should also be noted that the effects of forage-based systems on the soil C stock are more permanent than the effects of increased milk production on CH4 that is biogenic recyclable C (Liu et al. 2021). Environmental life cycle assessment of Finnish beef - cradle-to-farm gate analysis of dairy and beef breed beef production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-156983", "words": "7689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Franco, Marcia; Manni, Katariina; Huuskonen, Arto; Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia", "title": "Management factors affecting preservation quality of grass silage: laboratory evaluation and on-farm case study", "date": "2025", "keywords": "acid; additive; compaction; farm; fermentation; grass; kg-1; laboratory; quality; silage; silo; stability; temperature", "summary": "The use of chemical additives and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants has been widely studied to improve silage fermentation quality and preservation (Wilkinson and Rinne 2018). Salt-based additives have typically had minimal effects of silage fermentation quality (Franco et al. 2022a, 2022b, Franco and Rinne 2023), but in the current experiment, SA increased acetic acid concentration compared to control.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-157520", "words": "8584", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Hautsalo, Juho; Jalli, Marja; Heinonen, Ulla; Latvala, Satu; Hautsalo, Juho", "title": "Pathogenicity of different Fusarium species on six arable crop species in Finland", "date": "2025", "keywords": "avenaceum; bean; crop; culmorum; faba; field; fusarium; fusarium species; germination; hemp; isolates; maize; pea; plant; seeds; species; symptoms; wheat", "summary": "Two separate greenhouse experiments were also conducted to compare the impact of different Fusarium species and to assess variation in pathogenicity within Fusarium species on the same crops. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14070574 Hautsalo.pdf Pathogenicity of different Fusarium species on six arable cropspecies in Finland Introduction Material and methods Plant seed material Field experiments and sampling Identification of Fusarium species from field samples Fusarium isolates used in greenhouse experiments Statistical analysis Results Fusarium species associated with root and stem symptoms in the field Comparison of Fusarium species based on growth in vitro, and plant germination andsymptom development in greenhouse Comparison of isolate aggressiveness Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-159817", "words": "8616", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Sobkowicz, Piotr; Tendziagolska, Ewa; Cwanek, Grzegorz; Dr\u00f3\u017cd\u017c, Bart\u0142omiej; Gisman, Joanna; Hawryluk, Aneta; Sobkowicz, Piotr", "title": "Timing and intensity of weed harrowing in spring barley", "date": "2025", "keywords": "barley; control; crop; density; et al; grain; harrow; leaf; plants; soil; spring; stage; weed; yield", "summary": "Key words: mechanical weed control, spring-tine harrow, seeding rate, herbicide application, weed density, barley density Introduction There is a growing need for replacing the chemical method of weed control with more environmentally friendly alternatives that can be used by farmers. The advantage of chemical weeding over weed harrowing does not always translates into an increase in crop yield, in particular when weed density is low and their competition with the crop is not intense (Garcia-Martin et al. 2007, Pardo et al. 2008, Lacroix at al. 2025).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-159890", "words": "11244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Heinola, Katriina; Kaseva, Janne; Latvala, Terhi; Niemi, Jarkko Kristian; Heinola, Katriina", "title": "Citizens\u2019 attitudes, concern and familiarity with animal production explaining the purchase intention for animal-welfare-labeled pork ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "animal; animal welfare; attitude; behavior; buying; concern; consumer; consumption; et al; familiarity; food; identity; intention; pay; pork; products; purchase; respondents; self; theory; welfare", "summary": "In the context of consuming high animal welfare (high AW) products, self-identity relates to the extent to which an indi- vidual perceives themselves as someone who engages in actions that promote animal welfare (Holt et al. 2018). This behavior highlights the role of ethics in consumption, especially regarding animal welfare products, thus providing a deeper understanding of consumer intentions and actions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-159955", "words": "12761", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho; Hautsalo, Juho; Hiltunen, Lea; Huusela, Erja; Jalli, Marja; Nissinen, Anne; Rastas, Marika; Ruuttunen, Pentti; V\u00e4nninen, Irene; Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho", "title": "A revision of emergent pests in major agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland", "date": "2025", "keywords": "alien; cereals; change; climate; crops; emergent; establishment; et al; europe; field; finland; finnish; food; growing; hyv\u00f6nen; observations; pathogens; pests; plant; potato; production; risk; science; species; spring; virus; weed; wheat", "summary": "Amaranthus retroflexus has not extended its distribution area or infestation level in crop species. The major focus in the reviews was to predict the potential for the range expansion and establishment of permanent populations with respect to increased immigration pressure, changing climate and introduction of new crop species.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-160985", "words": "6439", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "R\u00e4tsep, Reelika; Maante-Kuljus, Mariana; Karp, Kadri; P\u00f5ldma, Priit; Koort, Angela; Mainla, Leila; Moor, Ulvi; R\u00e4tsep, Reelika ", "title": "Assessing Estonia\u2019s viticultural potential based on the compositional analysis of sugars and acids of wine grape cultivars", "date": "2025", "keywords": "acid; content; cultivars; grape; hasansky; l-1; marquette; regent; rondo; sladky; solaris; wine; years; zilga", "summary": "The fructose content (g l-1) in grape cultivars for the years 2023 and 2024 (A), and as the two- year average (B). The glucose content (g l-1) in grape cultivars for the years 2023 and 2024 (A), and as the two- year average (B).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-161088", "words": "9655", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Elofsson , Katarina; Gebru, Bahre; Andersson, Hans; Elofsson , Katarina ", "title": "Impacts of climate change on agricultural yield and the economic feasibility of adaptation in Sweden", "date": "2025", "keywords": "agriculture; change; climate; county; crop; data; effects; irrigation; mean; precipitation; season; spring; swedish; weather; wheat; winter; yes; yield", "summary": "For spring wheat, oats, and spring barley, there is a significant negative linear relation- ship between second growing season precipitation and yield, while the quadratic term is insignificant, see columns 3, 5, and 7. We acknowledge that the impact of precipitation on crop yield varies across crops and throughout the early and main growing seasons as well as the harvest season.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-161586", "words": "15440", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Lehto, Marja; Kym\u00e4l\u00e4inen, Hanna-Riitta; Kahala, Minna M.; J\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4, Eila P.; Kym\u00e4l\u00e4inen, Hanna-Riitta", "title": "Valorization of carrot, cabbage, and red beet by-products \u2013 A review", "date": "2025", "keywords": "animal; antioxidant; applications; beet; beetroot; biochar; biomass; cabbage; cabbage waste; carrot; compounds; environmental; et al; feed; fiber; food; food science; food waste; journal; leaves; materials; peel; pomace; potential; processing; production; products; properties; red; soil; studies; technology; use; utilization; valorization; vegetable; waste; xxx", "summary": "Red beet pomace has been found to have antibacterial (Vuli\u0107 et al. 2013, Salamatullah et al. 2021), antiradical and hepatoprotective (Vuli\u0107 et al. 2014), and anticandidal properties (Salamatullah et al. 2021). Studies focusing on other treatments or active components for soil improvement were few: polymer gel from cabbage waste (Zhang et al. 2021) and lime mud from red beet juice production (\u0141awi\u0144ska et al. 2020) showed potential, while carrot acid extracts did not (Suzuki et al. 2001) (Table 7).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-161593", "words": "11067", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Taha, Vahel Jaladet; Huntington, James A.; Wilkinson, Robert R.; Davies, Dave; Taha, Vahel Jaladet", "title": "Chestnut tannin supplementation at ensiling: Effects on composition, degradability, and fermentation of forage silages", "date": "2025", "keywords": "bean; degradability; et al; fermentation; forages; fraction; grass; kg-1; pea; protein; rumen; science; silage; tannin", "summary": "Sinclair et al. (2009) found that high tannin level pea silage had a significantly lower CP fraction a-term compared to low tannin level pea silage. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2025) 34: 154\u2013168 154 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.161593 Chestnut tannin supplementation at ensiling: Effects on composition, degradability, and fermentation of forage silages Vahel J. Taha1, James A. Huntington2, Robert G. Wilkinson2 and Dave Davies3 1College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 2Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK 3Silage Solution Co., Aberystwyth, Wales, UK e-mail: vahel.taha@uod.ac Tannins are plant secondary compounds capable of forming pH-dependent reversible bonds with proteins, there- by reducing protein degradation in the silo and rumen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-162643", "words": "8797", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Malin, Eliisa; Sorvali, Jaana; Kaseva, Janne; Jalli, Marja; Malin, Eliisa", "title": "Socio-psychological factors influencing decision-making and implementation of IPM methods among Finnish farmers", "date": "2025", "keywords": "adoption; behaviour; control; et al; factors; farmers; food; intention; ipm; journal; knowledge; management; methods; norms; pest; research; science; theory; use; xxx", "summary": "Our research investigates the socio-psychological factors influencing the decision-making and implementation of IPM methods among Finnish farmers. Discussion This study is the first to examine the views of Finnish farmers on the adoption of IPM within the framework of the EU Green Deal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-163581", "words": "6058", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Ritvanen, Tiina; Raatikainen, Marja; J\u00e4rvinen, Janne; Pastell, Helena; Ritvanen, Tiina", "title": "Chemical composition and nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor for honey bee drone brood \u2013pupae of Apis mellifera L.", "date": "2025", "keywords": "acid; amino; bee; brood; content; drone; et al; food; honey; insects; protein; pupae", "summary": "Accordingly, there have been a growing number of studies on amino acid contents and protein conversion factors for variable insects (e.g. Janssen et al. 2017, Boulos et al. 2020, Ritvanen et al. 2020). Protein content is commonly determined as nitrogen content which is calculated to protein using a protein conver- sion factor, usually set at 6.25.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-163895", "words": "10714", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Quisth, Ida; Ulfsparre, Isabella; M\u00fcller, Bettina; Passoth, Volkmar; Solberg, Svein \u00d8ivind; Mart\u00edn, Carlos; Romero-Soto, Luis Alejandro; Pent, Mari; Mousavi, Hesam; Mousavi, Hesam", "title": "Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) as a Sustainable Soil Amendment and Biofertilizer:: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges in Agricultural and Horticultural Systems", "date": "2025", "keywords": "2022; activity; agricultural; amendment; application; composting; crop; et al; food; growth; journal; mushroom; mushroom substrate; nutrient; peat; plant; potential; research; science; sms; soil; substrate; systems; use; waste; water; xxx", "summary": "Wang et al. 2020; Mahato et al. 2024; Kumar and Chugh 2022; Hern\u00e1ndez et al. 2021; Postinguel et al. 2025 Environmental Benefits Substitutes for peat and synthetic fertilizers; reduces GHG emissions and environmental degradation; enhances ecosystem resilience, water retention, and erosion control. Composition also varies by mushroom species, substrate, and composting, complicating standardization and regulation (Velusami et al. 2021, Wang et al. 2024).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-40879", "words": "406", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Uimari, Pekka", "title": "Preface", "date": "2014", "keywords": "food", "summary": "The number of published articles was 34 thus the acceptance rate was around 6%. Also, global demand for safe and nutritious food and increased demand for ani- mal products in developing countries give opportunities and poses responsibilities for food production in North- ern hemisphere especially in boreal region where available water is not a limiting factor for food production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-40936", "words": "6825", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Moor, Ulvi; Moor, Argo; P\u00f5ldma, Priit; Heinmaa, Lagle", "title": "Consumer preferences of apples in Estonia and changes in attitudes over five years", "date": "2014", "keywords": "age; apples; consumers; education; estonian; et al; food; people; preference; respondents; taste; years", "summary": "Also in Switzerland, apple consumers between 30 and 60 years old considered organic as being more important, compared to perceptions of young people (below 30 years) (P\u00e9neau et al. 2006). Despite the fact that organic apple preference had decreased over the five years from 2007 to 2012, 59.6 % of the Estonian consumers would still prefer organic apples (definitely and probably prefer added).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-40938", "words": "11383", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Hakoj\u00e4rvi, Mikko; Hautala, Mikko; Alakukku, Laura", "title": "Testing the use of an analytical and mechanistic C3 - biomass accumulation model for precision fertilization", "date": "2014", "keywords": "area; basso; basso et; biomass; conditions; crop; crop growth; et al; experiment; fig; growth; hakoj\u00e4rvi; leaf; model; nitrogen; precipitation; radiation; soil; table; values; water; yield", "summary": "The amount of water available for crop growth is calculated from crop root growth, soil properties and rainfall (Hautala and Hakoj\u00e4rvi 2011). Firstly, the models do not sufficiently consider spatial processes (Sadler et al. 2000).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-41179", "words": "5188", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Arja; Albarran, Yolanda Madrid; Miettinen, Harri; Siguero, Maria Palomo; Juutinen, Elina; Rinne, Marketta", "title": "Selenium supplementation by addition of sodium selenate with silage additive", "date": "2014", "keywords": "acid; additive; content; et al; grass; kg-1; selenate; selenium; silage; sodium", "summary": "Selenium content and selenium forms in the silages Selenium dosed within the additive was evenly sprayed into the silage with the acid-based additive as indicated by the total selenium content of the silages being close to the theoretical concentration (Table 3). Expected and analysed selenium content in the silages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-41192", "words": "6731", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Taverniers, Isabel; De Meyer, Laurens; Van Droogenbroeck, Bart; Messens, Kathy; De Loose, Marc", "title": "Influence of plant developmental stage on DNA yield and extractability in MON810 maize", "date": "2015", "keywords": "cob; content; dna; embryo; endosperm; kernel; maize; percentage; plant; sampling; stage", "summary": "4. Expected GM percentage, provided that there is perfect (100%) cross-pollination with GM maize, on three different sampling stages for different maize usages. When a conventional maize kernel is fertilized by a MON810 pollen, the percentage GM DNA of the grain can be calculated at different development stages by this formula: GM DNA ratio = 1/3 F + 1/2 (1-F) = 0,5 \u2013 0,167 F where F is the endosperm DNA content between 0 and 1, relative to the total kernel DNA and 1-F is the embryo DNA content relative to the total kernel DNA.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-41195", "words": "8190", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "J\u00e4rvenranta, Kirsi; Virkaj\u00e4rvi, Perttu; Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi", "title": "The flows and balances of P, K, Ca and Mg on intensively managed Boreal high input grass and low input grass-clover pastures", "date": "2014", "keywords": "concentration; grass; nutrient; runoff; soil; surface; treatment; year", "summary": "Instead, the total amount of the PO4-P (kg ha-1) in surface runoff was strongly depen- dent on soil P concentration (Fig. 1). These factors could explain the correlation between the amounts of P in surface runoff and soil P, as the amount of snow-melt water in spring was probably high enough every year to extract most of the soluble P from the soil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-41306", "words": "7317", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Lehto, Marja; Sipil\u00e4, Ilkka; Alakukku, Laura; Kym\u00e4l\u00e4inen, Hanna-Riitta", "title": "Water consumption and wastewaters in fresh-cut vegetable production", "date": "2014", "keywords": "basin; consumption; food; lettuce; peeling; plant; processing; quality; total; use; vegetable; washing; wastewater; water", "summary": "Precipitation chemicals The efficiencies of three precipitation chemicals to precipitate solid and organic matter from vegetable washing waters (A) and vegetable processing waters (C) were tested in a laboratory. The levels of coliform bacteria, faecal coliforms and enterococci were somewhat higher in washing water of lettuce (D3) than in wash waters of root vegetables and waters from a carrot peeling machine (Table 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-41329", "words": "6292", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Koivunen, Erja; Tuunainen, Petra; Valkonen, Eija; Rossow, Laila; Valaja, Jarmo", "title": "Use of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) in diets of laying hens", "date": "2014", "keywords": "egg; et al; faba; feed; hens; inclusion; kg-1", "summary": "(2014) 23: 165\u2012172 167 rated into four orthogonal contrasts as follows: Effect of FB, control (SBM) treatment vs. FB treatments; Effect of processing (P), unprocessed FB vs. processed FB; Effect of FB inclusion level (L), FB content of 50 g kg-1 feed vs. FB content of 100 g kg-1 feed; and the interaction of processing and FB inclusion level (P \u00d7 L). Faba bean inclusion (control vs. FB diets) had no effect on the egg produc- tion rate, egg mass production, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio, but it decreased egg weight (p<0.05).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-41385", "words": "8229", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Ugrinovic, Milan; Mijatovic, Mirjana; Zdravkovic, Jasmina; Girek, Zdenka; Kuzmanovic, Djordje; Rasulic, Natasa; Josic, Dragana", "title": "Intercropped red beet and radish with green bean affected microbial communities and nodulation by indigenous rhizobia", "date": "2014", "keywords": "bean; beet; diversity; et al; green; intercropping; isolates; nodules; number; patterns; plants; radish; red; rhizobia; rhizosphere; soil; variants", "summary": "Fenotyping of bacteria from green bean nodules At the flowering stage nodules from green bean roots from 6 variants: K, N, C, P, R and F were taken for sampling. The impact of intercropping green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with red beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. rubra) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), two non-legume plants, on the plants\u2019 yields, as well as the effect on occurrence and enu- meration of microorganisms in the rhizosphere was studied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-41454", "words": "5346", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Slikova, Svetlana; Gavurn\u00edkov\u00e1, So\u0148a; Min\u00e1rikov\u00e1, Martina; Gregov\u00e1, Edita; \u0160udyov\u00e1, Val\u00e9ria", "title": "Mycotoxin survey of wheat samples graded according to their technological quality", "date": "2014", "keywords": "consumption; contamination; content; don; et al; food; fusarium; grain; quality; samples; wheat", "summary": "Previous studies have analysed flour from wheat grain samples obtained from experiments that had artificially infected grain with Fusarium spp. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE S. \u0160likov\u00e1 et al. (2014) 23: 186\u2013193 186 Mycotoxin survey of wheat samples graded according to their technological quality Svetlana \u0160likov\u00e11, So\u0148a Gavurn\u00edkov\u00e11, Martina Min\u00e1rikov\u00e12, Edita Gregov\u00e11, Val\u00e9ria \u0160udyov\u00e11 1National Agriculture and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavsk\u00e1 cesta 122, 921 68 Pie\u0161\u0165any, Slovak Republic 2Department of Theoretical Geodesy, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovak Republic e-mail: slikova@vurv.sk Wheat grain samples from 108 fields in Slovakia were analysed for their technological quality parameters and deox- ynivalenol (DON) content.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-41471", "words": "6834", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz Vilhelm; Kukkonen, Sanna; Parikka, P\u00e4ivi; Yu, Dan; Romantschuk, Martin", "title": "Reproducibility of suppression of Pythium wilt of cucumber by compost", "date": "2014", "keywords": "compost; control; disease; et al; manure; peat; plant; pythium; soil; suppressive; suppressiveness", "summary": "Weekly measurement of plant height indicated different curves for suppressive composts than for non-suppressive ones (Fig 1). Suppressive composts: Microbial ecology links between abiotic environments and healthy plants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-41530", "words": "8423", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pahkala, Katri; Mikkola, Hannu; Jauhiainen, Lauri", "title": "Seed loss and volunteer seedling establishment of rapeseed in the northernmost European conditions: potential for weed infestation and GM risks", "date": "2014", "keywords": "et al; harvest; losses; oilseed; peltonen; rape; rapeseed; sainio; science; seed; seedlings; soil; volunteer", "summary": "Sleepers in the soil \u2012 Vertical distiribution by tillage and long-term survival of oilseed rape seeds compared with plastic pellets. Key words: dormancy, GM, oilseed rape, seedling soil seed bank, spring sown crop, turnip rape, weed Introduction In the northernmost European growing conditions, represented by Finland, turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) and oil- seed rape (B. napus L.) (hereafter referred to as rapeseed) are grown for oil and protein production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-45222", "words": "10074", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Ollila, Petri; Nilsson, Jerker; Hess, Sebastian", "title": "Farmers' reactions to the internationalisation of cooperatives", "date": "2014", "keywords": "capital; characteristics; cooperative; farmers; food; internationalisation; members; membership; model; number; ollila; opinions; respondents; variables", "summary": "This study examined the extent to which farmer cooperatives enjoy social capital within their memberships as they become internationalised. The aim of this study was to explore to which extent farmer cooperatives enjoy different kinds of social capital with- in their memberships as these cooperatives are developing towards more internationalised business operations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-45374", "words": "4091", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi", "title": "A comparison of Nordic Red, Holstein-Friesian and Finnish native cattle bulls for beef production and carcass traits", "date": "2014", "keywords": "breeds; bulls; carcass; hol; huuskonen; musculus; weight", "summary": "Raw slaughter data for each animal included individual animal identification number on ear tag, date of birth, date of slaughter, sex, carcass weight, carcass conformation score and carcass fat score. Less differences were observed in valu- able cuttings as might be inferred based on the differences in carcass conformation scores.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-46422", "words": "6491", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Alaru, Maarika; Talgre, Liina; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Tein, Berit; Luik, Anne; Nemvalts, Anu; Loit, Evelin", "title": "Crop yields and supply of nitrogen compared in conventional and organic farming systems", "date": "2014", "keywords": "crop; cycle; manure; period; soil; treatments; winter; yield", "summary": "The organic fertiliser with faster mineralisation rate and splitting the application of organic N during crop cycle period would be more appropriate to supply sufficient quantities of N during rapid plant growth and to obtain higher crop yields in organic farming systems. To increase the crops DM yield in organic treatments, the organic fertiliser with faster mineralisation rate and split- ting the application of organic N in crop cycle period would be more appropriate to supply sufficient quantities of N during rapid plant growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-46423", "words": "8692", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Hansen, Bj\u00f8rn Gunnar; Greve, Arent", "title": "Dairy farmers\u2019 values and how their values affect their decision", "date": "2014", "keywords": "dairy; decision; farmers; farming; food; goals; production; services; terminal; values; work", "summary": "Categorizing farming values as economic, conservation and lifestyle. Farmers have different values which are often combined in complex and subtle ways.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-46431", "words": "10216", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "McNamee, Andrew; Keane, Michael Gerard; Kenny, David; O'Riordan, Edward; Dunne, Peter Gerard; Moloney, Aidan", "title": "Colour of subcutaneous adipose tissue and colour and tenderness of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from Holstein\u2013Friesian, Norwegian RedxHolstein\u2013Friesian and JerseyxHolstein-Friesian cattle slaughtered at two live weights as bulls or steers", "date": "2014", "keywords": "animals; beef; bulls; colour; et al; muscle; science; slaughter; steers; tissue; value; weight", "summary": "From the few data available however, differences in WBSF, where they exist are small and unlikely to be of commercial importance (Miller et al. 2001). The main breed-related finding with respect to meat quality that adipose tissue from JE-sired cattle was more yel- low, is consistent with the literature on this topic (Morgan et al. 1969, Barton et al. 1994, Pitchford et al. 2002).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-46460", "words": "6354", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju; Joki-Tokola, Erkki", "title": "Effects of supplementary concentrate level and separate or total mixed ration feeding on performance of growing dairy bulls", "date": "2014", "keywords": "bulls; carcass; concentrate; et al; feeding; huuskonen; kg-1; level; science; silage; tmr", "summary": "Increasing concentrate level led to significantly decreased DMD, OMD and NDFD (Table 2). Carcass gain improved more with separate feeding than with TMR feeding as a consequence of increased concentrate level (Table 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-46502", "words": "5888", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Rinne, Marketta; Kautto, Outi; Kuoppala, Kaisa; Ahvenj\u00e4rvi, Seppo; Kitunen, Veikko; Ilvesniemi, Hannu; Wilf\u00f6r, Stefan; Sormunen-Cristian, Riitta", "title": "Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by in vitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep", "date": "2016", "keywords": "digestibility; et al; exp; gas; ggm4; hemicellulose; kg-1; method; production; science; vivo; wood", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Rinne et al. (2016) 25: 13\u201321 13 Manuscript received August 2014 Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by in vitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep Marketta Rinnea, Outi Kauttoa, Kaisa Kuoppalaa, Seppo Ahvenj\u00e4rvia, Veikko Kitunenb, Hannu Ilvesniemib, Stefan Willf\u00f6rc, Riitta Sormunen-Cristiana a Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Green Technology, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland b Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bio-based Business and Industry, FI-01370 Vantaa, Finland c \u00c5bo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, FI-20500 Turku, Finland e-mail: marketta.rinne@luke.fi The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of pressurized hot water extracted hemicellulose fractions from various wood species as feeds for ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 71: 2297\u20132302. Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by invitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep Introduction Materials and methods In vitro gas production measurements of hemicellulose extracts (Exp. 1)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-46504", "words": "7802", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Laurila, Heikki; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Alakukku, Laura", "title": "Proximity of waterways to Finnish farmlands and associated characteristics of regional land use", "date": "2015", "keywords": "agricultural; et al; fields; fig; finland; food; irrigation; peltonen; regions; sainio; science; use; water; waterways", "summary": "Origin of irrigation water (%) in 2010 according production sector and regions (surface water from the farm or from a waterway that extends beyond the farm, groundwater from the farm, tap water from outside the farm and other source of water). In the future studies on field water management, irrigation systems should be considered together with drainage systems to assess the opportunities to gain from water collection systems and/or temporary storage (e.g. constructed wetlands).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-46512", "words": "4748", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Pokharel, Kisun; Peippo, Jaana; Andersson, G\u00f6ran; Li, Meng-Hua; Kantanen, Juha", "title": "Transcriptome profiling of Finnsheep ovaries during out-of-season breeding period", "date": "2015", "keywords": "breeding; candidate; data; et al; finnsheep; genes; genome; science; season; sheep; transcriptome; transcripts", "summary": "We annotated unknown transcripts, i.e. all transcripts that did not match to sheep genes, by implementing BLAST search and InterPro query in Blast2GO. Identification of sheep ovary genes potentially associated with off-season reproduction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-47204", "words": "7942", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kowalska, Iwona; Konieczny, Anna; G\u0105sto\u0142, Maciej; Sady, W\u0142odzimierz; Hanus-Fajerska, Ewa", "title": "Effect of mycorrhiza and phosphorus content in nutrient solution on the yield and nutritional status of tomato plants grown on rockwool or coconut coir", "date": "2015", "keywords": "amf; colonization; content; et al; fungi; level; mycorrhizal; n.s; nutrient; nutrient solution; phosphorus; plants; roots; solution; tomato", "summary": "Conclusions In conclusion it can be stated that in soilless cultures the colonization of tomato plant roots by AMF is more ef- ficient if the P content in the nutrient solution is low, i.e. 15 mg dm-3. These discrepancies are probably caused by the degree of colonization of plant roots by AMF in hydroponic cultures, which is likely limited by the presence of high P concentrations in the root zone of plants (Ryan and Graham 2002, Cwala et al. 2010, Maboko et al. 2013), especially since P is in easily absorbable forms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-47220", "words": "4713", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Haapala, Tapani; Palonen, Pauliina; Tamminen, Antti; Ahokas, Jukka", "title": "Effects of different paper mulches on soil temperature and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the temperate zone", "date": "2015", "keywords": "black; cucumber; film; kraft; mulches; paper; soil; temperature; yield", "summary": "The aim of our study carried out in southern Finland was to examine the effects of different paper mulches on the yield of cucumber, the soil temperature, and weed emergence, and to assess whether paper mulches could substitute biodegradable film mulch in cucumber production. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Haapala et al. (2015) 24: 52\u201358 52 Effects of different paper mulches on soil temperature and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the temperate zone Tapani Haapala, Pauliina Palonen, Antti Tamminen and Jukka Ahokas Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 62, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland e-mail: tapani.haapala@helsinki.fi The effect of different paper mulches and two different biodegradable plastic mulches on the yield of field-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was examined.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4727", "words": "7567", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Gamel, Tamer; Abdel-Aal, El-Sayed M", "title": "Phenolic acids and antioxidant properties of barley wholegrain and pearling fractions", "date": "2012", "keywords": "abdel; acids; antioxidant; barley; capacity; cultivars; ferulic; food; fraction; oxidation; phenolic; wholegrain", "summary": "Key words: barley, phenolic acids, LDL oxidation, DPPH, ABTS. For the separation of phenolic acids from barley extracts, 20 \u03bcl was injected and a gra- dient system was applied starting with a solvent ratio 100:0 of 6% formic acid and acidified acetonitrile.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4765", "words": "4985", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Fan, Li; Roux, Valentine; Dub\u00e9, Claudine; Charlebois, Dennis; Tao, Shutian; Khanizadeh, Shahrokh", "title": "Effect of mulching systems on fruit quality and phytochemical composition of newly developed strawberry lines", "date": "2012", "keywords": "et al; fruit; pmrc; strawberry; systems; yield", "summary": "A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E L. Fan et al. (2012) 21: 132-140 133 These benefits have stimulated research on the phenolic composition and total antioxidant capacity of strawberry fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PM and PMRC, versus the conventional MRS, on total yield, yield per plant, average fruit weight, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), firmness and AC measured as ORAC, in selected strawberry fruits, at different harvest times during the growing season.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-47985", "words": "6756", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Pasqualone, Antonella; Delvecchio, Laura Nunzia; Mangini, Giacomo; Taranto, Francesca; Blanco, Antonio", "title": "Variability of total soluble phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in a collection of tetraploid wheat", "date": "2014", "keywords": "activity; antioxidant; compounds; cultivars; et al; food; phenolic; ssp; tspc; wheat", "summary": "In a previous research, a collection composed of a large set of tetraploid wheat samples including durum wheat cultivars, landraces, and wild accessions of different Triticum turgidum subspecies, has been assembled and screened for genetic diversity by molecular markers and pedigree data (Laid\u00f2 et al. 2013). The few reports available focused only on durum wheat cultivars (Lempere- ur et al.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-48012", "words": "7120", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Rajaniemi, Mari; Ahokas, Jukka", "title": "Direct energy consumption and CO2 emissions in a Finnish broiler house \u2013 a case study", "date": "2015", "keywords": "broiler; co2; consumption; electricity; electricity consumption; emissions; energy; energy consumption; flock; heating; house; production; rearing; ventilation", "summary": "Manuscript received October 2014 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Rajaniemi & J. Ahokas (2015) 24: 10\u201323 11 Climate, bird mass, house type and insulation greatly affect heating energy consumption. Direct energy consumption includes electricity and heating energy consumption.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4806", "words": "14877", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Klimeski, Aleksandar; Chardon, Wim J.; Turtola, Eila; Uusitalo, Risto", "title": "Potential and limitations of phosphate retention media in water protection: A process-based review of laboratory and field-scale tests", "date": "2012", "keywords": "c e; capacity; concentration; et al; filter; flow; g-1; laboratory; material; phosphorus; removal; retention; solution; sorption; tests; water", "summary": "Several potential materials are available in the countries surrounding the Bal- tic Sea, however, because only a limited number of field studies have explored this topic thus far, few have used P retention materials to mitigate eutrophication in the Baltic Sea catchment area. This review aims to promote research on P retention materials by conducting a comprehensive survey and com- piling a summary of the physical and chemical parameters that influence retention of P in solid media.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4811", "words": "4443", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Purcell, Peter James; Boland, Tommy M.; O'Brien, Martin; O'Kiely, P\u00e1draig", "title": "In vitro rumen methane output of forb species sampled in spring and summer", "date": "2012", "keywords": "ch4; p<0.05; rumen; species; spring; summer", "summary": "Although R. repens (spring) and C. arvense (spring) had lower CH4 output than GS when expressed relative to tVFA and TGP, respectively, these outcomes were not congruent with the more methanogenic in vitro rumen VFA profile of the GS versus the forbs, namely its higher A:P and NGGR. Thus, further study is required to determine whether these forb species would reduce CH4 output relative to animal product if assessed in vivo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-48223", "words": "5684", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Zoric, Lana; Mikic, Aleksandar; Antanasovic, Svetlana; Karanovic, Dunja; Cupina, Branko; Lukovic, Jadranka", "title": "Stem anatomy of annual legume intercropping components: white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), narbonne (Vicia narbonensis L.) and common (Vicia sativa L.) vetches", "date": "2015", "keywords": "forage; intercropping; legume; plants; sativa; stem; tissues", "summary": "Cross-sections of L. albus middle stem segments: (a) Cross-section of L. albus stem with superimposed point grid test system consisting of 588 test points; (b) L. albus grown as sole stand; L. albus intercropped with (c) V. sativa and (d) V. narbonensis a b c d a b Fig. The data on structural characteristics of intercropped legume species are currently limited.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-48346", "words": "9633", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Ebrahimi, Nashmin; Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4; Simojoki, Asko; Hajiboland, Roghieh; Sepp\u00e4nen, Mervi M", "title": "Dynamics of dry matter and selenium accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in response to organic and inorganic selenium treatments", "date": "2015", "keywords": "autoclaved; et al; growth; inorganic; kg-1; plant; selenium; soil; stage; stem", "summary": "Conductivity indices and pH of soil treated with inorganic Se (0, 7 and 140 \u00b5g kg-1 soil), organic Se (leaf and stem residue, 0 and 7 \u00b5g Se kg-1 soil) and autoclaved soil with inorganic Se (0 and 7 \u00b5g kg-1 soil) at the different growth stages Se added (\u00b5g kg-1soil) Rosette Bolting Flowering Seed filling pH Conductivity index pH Conductivity index pH Conductivity index pH Conductivity index Inorganic Se 0 5.83 b 3.36 abcd 5.79 c 1.77 bc 5.67 d 1.18 a 5.38 ab 0.75 bcd 7 5.94 ab 1.93 c 5.84 bc 0.58 Se concentration (\u00b5g g-1 DM) in roots and shoots of B. napus L. plants grown in soil that had been treated with inorganic Se (0, 7 and 140 \u00b5g kg-1 soil), organic Se (leaf and stem residues, 0 and 7 \u00b5g kg-1 soil) and in autoclaved soil with inorganic Se (0 and 7 \u00b5g kg-1 soil) at the rosette stage Se added (\u00b5g kg-1soil)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-48421", "words": "5043", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Koivunen, Erja; Tuunainen, Petra; Valkonen, Eija; Valaja, Jarmo", "title": "Use of semi-leafless peas (Pisum sativum L) in laying hen diets", "date": "2015", "keywords": "age; diets; egg; et al; feed; peas; weeks", "summary": "Gatel (1994) stated that pea protein is as rich in lysine as SBM protein. There are several other studies showing that SBM protein can be replaced by pea protein (Castanon and Perez-Lanzac 1990, Perez-Maldonado et al. 1999, Fru-Nji et al. 2007).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-48472", "words": "4176", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Marinova-Todorova, Mariela; Ranta, Jukka; Hannunen, Salla", "title": "The suitability of Finnish climate for fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) epidemics on apple", "date": "2015", "keywords": "apple; blight; days; finland; fire; infection; locations", "summary": "In this study the suitability of the Finnish climate for apple blossom blight infections by Erwinia amylovora was evalu- ated with the epidemiological model MaryblytTM. Manuscript received January 2015 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Marinova-Todorova et al. (2015) 24: 59\u201366 60 The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the Finnish climate for apple blossom blight infections by Erwinia amylovora with epidemiological modelling.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4855", "words": "12611", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Uusitalo, Risto; Ylivainio, Kari; Hyv\u00e4luoma, Jari; Rasa, Kimmo; Kaseva, Janne; Nylund, Pauliina; Pietola, Liisa; Turtola, Eila", "title": "The effects of gypsum on the transfer of phosphorus and other nutrients through clay soil monoliths", "date": "2012", "keywords": "amendment; concentrations; ctrl; et al; field; gypsum; l-1; lime; months; n c; n.a; rainfall; samples; soil; study; water", "summary": "Nevertheless, gypsum amendments seems to be a promising technique for erosion control and retention of soil P in annually tilled clay soils, even though the cost of the treatment likely restricts its use for small areas that have an unproportionally large effect on surface water quality. We interpret this as a result of differences in soil test P concentrations (PAc 13\u201315 for Field 1 vs. 8\u20139 mg l-1 for Field 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-48629", "words": "10142", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Solberg, Svein Oivind; Breian, Line", "title": "Commercial cultivars and farmers\u2019 access to crop diversity: A case study from the Nordic region", "date": "2015", "keywords": "agricultural; area; beet; breeding; countries; crops; cultivars; cultivation; enterprises; farmers; food; list; national; number; plant; science; seed; sweden; swedish; varieties; variety", "summary": "Measures to promote Nordic plant breeding \u2013 A proposal for increased Nordic collaboration in pre-breeding. The name and number of breeding enterprises and the number of listed cultivars are key measures in this overview.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4931", "words": "5622", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Salonen, Anneli; Julkunen-Tiitto, Riitta", "title": "Characterisation of two unique unifloral honeys from the boreal coniferous zone: lingonberry and mire honeys", "date": "2012", "keywords": "acid; finnish; honey; lingonberry; mire; phenolic; pollen; salonen; samples", "summary": "In our study lingonberry and mire honeys were characterized. Lingonberry honey was reddish and had a flavour of toffee, whereas mire honey had very strong aroma and reddish colour.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-49331", "words": "13668", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Andersson, Staffan C; Ekholm, Anders; Johansson, Eva; Olsson, Marie E; Sj\u00f6holm, Ingegerd; Nyberg, Lena; Nilsson, Annika; Rumpunen, Kimmo", "title": "Effect of storage time and temperature on stability of bioactive compounds in aseptically packed beverages prepared from rose hips and sea buckthorn berries", "date": "2015", "keywords": "acid; beverages; carotenoids; compounds; food; oil; rso; storage", "summary": "C in header indicates significant difference between blend beverages RS and RSO (p < 0.05). Analysis of ascorbic acid For ascorbic acid analysis samples were thawed, placed in ultrasonic bath for 10 min., and centrifuged for 10 min. at 8500 rpm (Centronic, USA).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-49446", "words": "9243", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Soteriades, Andreas Diomedes; Faverdin, Philippe; March, Margaret; Stott, Alistair William", "title": "Improving efficiency assessments using additive data envelopment analysis models: an application to contrasting dairy farming systems", "date": "2015", "keywords": "dairy; data; dea; efficiency; et al; farm; feed; forage; input; lfc; models; outputs; savings; systems; use", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE A. D. Soteriades et al. (2015) 24: 235\u2013248 235 Manuscript received February 2015 Improving efficiency assessments using additive data envelopment analysis models: an application to contrasting dairy farming systems Andreas D. Soteriades1, Philippe Faverdin2,3, Margaret March1 and Alistair W. Stott1 1Scotland\u2019s Rural College, Future Farming Systems Group, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 2INRA, UMR 1348 PEGASE, F-35590 St-Gilles, France, 3Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France e-mail: andreas.soteriades@sruc.ac.uk Applying holistic indicators to assess dairy farm efficiency is essential for sustainable milk production. The same is true for studies aiming to achieve dairy farm efficiency through an increase in desirable outputs (e.g. milk) and a decrease in undesirable outputs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-49511", "words": "9279", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kwiecie\u0144, Ma\u0142gorzata; Winiarska-Mieczan, Anna; Piedra, Jose Valverde; Bujanowicz-Hara\u015b, Barbara; Cha\u0142abis-Mazurek, Agnieszka", "title": "Effects of copper glycine chelate on liver and faecal mineral concentrations, and blood parameters in broilers", "date": "2015", "keywords": "acid; addition; blood; chelate; chickens; content; copper; cuso4; et al; form; gly; level; mg cu", "summary": "Also, later studies by Makarski et al. (2009b) suggest that adding 50 mg\u00b7dm-3 of Cu chelate to water resulted in a statistically significant increase in Cu concentration and a slightly higher concentration of Ca, Zn and Fe in the birds\u2019 livers. In the experiment Cu was added to the premix in the form of CuSO4 (16 mg, 8 mg Cu), and in the form of Cu glycine chelate (16 mg, 8 mg, 4 mg Cu).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-49532", "words": "8898", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Garcia-Lopez, Ana Maria; Aviles, Manuel; Delgado, Antonio", "title": "Plant uptake of phosphorus from sparingly available P- sources as affected by Trichoderma asperellum T34", "date": "2015", "keywords": "activity; et al; growth; ins6p; media; plant; soil; t34; table; total; uptake", "summary": "For accurate assessment of their use to improve plant nutrition, it is required: (i) more direct evidences of the effect of microorganisms on plant P uptake from specific P forms present in soil, (ii) a deeper knowledge about mechanisms involved in P mobilization in plant growth me- dia, and (iii) how these mechanisms interact with P-mobilizing mechanisms of plants. In spite of the effects described by Altomare et al. (1999) or Rudresh et al. (2005), little information about contribution of Trichoderma to P uptake by plants is available.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-49570", "words": "7410", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Pasqualone, Antonella; Piarulli, Luciana; Mangini, Giacomo; Gadaleta, Agata; Blanco, Antonio; Simeone, Rosanna", "title": "Quality characteristics of parental lines of wheat mapping populations", "date": "2015", "keywords": "cultivars; durum; et al; gluten; gpc; index; latino; quality; science; wheat", "summary": "Multi scale analysis of the factors influencing wheat quality as determined by Gluten In- dex. The analysis of variance carried out on GPC, quali-quantitative characteristics of gluten, SDS-SW, KW, and color indices of parental lines of wheat mapping populations revealed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) among genotypes for all the traits (Table 4). GPC and gluten quality of wheat are the most important factors affecting pasta consistency and resistance to over- cooking (D\u2019Egidio et al. 1990) and bread volume (Goesaert et al. 2005).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-49729", "words": "9541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Brankovi\u0107, Gordana; Dragi\u010devi\u0107, Vesna; Dodig, Dejan; Kne\u017eevi\u0107, Desimir; Kandi\u0107, Vesna; \u0160urlan-Momirovi\u0107, Gordana; Se\u010danski, Mile", "title": "Phytic acid, inorganic phosphorus, antioxidants in bread and durum wheat and their associations with agronomic traits", "date": "2015", "keywords": "acid; bread; bread wheat; content; durum; durum wheat; et al; food; g-1; genotypes; journal; phosphorus; psh; science; table; wheat; wsph", "summary": "Brankovi\u0107 et al. (2015) found that a major source of variation for the PA content was a geno- type \u00d7 environment interaction (GEI), followed by genotype (G) and then environment (E) for bread wheat, and the E, GEI, and G, in descending order, for durum wheat. Significant, negative, medium correlations were revealed for PA and YP in two environments, Pp/Pi and WSPH in single environment in bread wheat (Supplementary Table 3), and also for PA and WSPH in two environments in durum wheat (Supplementary Table 4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4982", "words": "5337", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Rantam\u00e4ki-Lahtinen, Leena; V\u00e4re, Minna Katriina", "title": "Strategic objectives and development plans of beginning farmers", "date": "2012", "keywords": "farmers; farms; objectives; phase; production", "summary": "The result contradicts earlier findings of Gasson and Errington (1993) by which farm families with a successor have a pressing incentive to develop their farms. However, the early phase farmers group had invested significantly more than the others and in addition their liabilities per turnover rate were higher.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4994", "words": "5420", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Gavito, Mayra E.; Azc\u00f3n\u2013Aguilar, Concepci\u00f3n", "title": "Temperature stress in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: a test for adaptation to soil temperature in three isolates of Funneliformis mosseae from different climates", "date": "2012", "keywords": "development; gavito; isolates; mycorrhizal; root; soil; temperature", "summary": "A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E M. Gavito & C. Azc\u00f3n-Aguilar (2012) 21: 2-11 2 Manuscript received June 2011 Temperature stress in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: a test for adap- tation to soil temperature in three isolates of Funneliformis mosseae from different climates Mayra E. Gavito1 and Concepci\u00f3n Azc\u00f3n\u2013Aguilar2 1Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico. Very little is known, however, about its initial development and functioning when soil temperature is either low (<10 oC) or high (>30 oC) for long periods in the growing season.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4996", "words": "9074", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz; Paloj\u00e4rvi, Ansa; Pitk\u00e4nen, Timo; Kaipainen, Saara; Puolakka, Elina; Keskitalo, Marjo", "title": "Neutral lipid fatty acid analysis is a sensitive marker for quantitative estimation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soil with crops of different mycotrophy", "date": "2012", "keywords": "16:1\u03c95; acid; amf; barley; bulk; crops; et al; fatty; flax; levels; mpn; mycorrhizal; nlfa; plfa; soil", "summary": "In our study, the ratio followed closely the results of soil AMF propagule numbers and NLFA 16:1\u03c95 values. It can be concluded that crop mycothrophy has a strong impact on soil AMF content, which is an important factor to consider when designing crop rotations in cereal based agriculture beneficial for soil quality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4997", "words": "5541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Lowe, Aiofe; Rafferty-McArdle, Susan M.; Cassells, Alan C.", "title": "Effects of AMF- and PGPR-root inoculation and a foliar chitosan spray in single and combined treatments on powdery mildew disease in strawberry", "date": "2012", "keywords": "amf; control; disease; et al; inoculants; pgpr; plant; powdery; resistance; strawberry; symptom; treatments", "summary": "The treatments were applied singly and in combinations, on strawberry plants grown out of season in a greenhouse. A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E A. Lowe et al. (2012) 21: 28-38 31 Results Mycorrhizal colonization of strawberry plants All inoculated plants analysed were found to be colonized by AMF using the grid line intersect method (Giovannetti and Mosse 1980).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-4999", "words": "6972", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Samp\u00f2, Simonetta; Massa, Nadia; D\u2019Agostino, Umberto; Bosco, Domenico; Marzach\u00ec, Cristina; Berta, Graziella", "title": "Effects of two AM fungi on phytoplasma infection in the model plant Chrysanthemum carinatum", "date": "2012", "keywords": "dpi; et al; fungi; gmcy; infection; mosseae; mycorrhizal; phytoplasma; plants; root", "summary": "Do interactions between plant roots and the rhizo- A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E S. Sampo et al. (2012) 21: 39-51 50 sphere affect parasitoid behaviour? Gm or Gi were in 3 and 4 class and 40% of CY plants were dead (5 class) (Fig. 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5000", "words": "494", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "Preface", "date": "2012", "keywords": "amf; cost", "summary": "The main objective of COST Action 870 was to take a multidisciplinary ap- proach to increase the knowledge needed for implementation of AMF in agricultural systems, in order to reduce agricultural inputs and reduce losses to the environment. COST is based on networks, called COST Actions, centred around research projects in fields that are of interest to at least five COST countries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5005", "words": "5139", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Csima, Gergely; Hern\u00e1di, Ildik\u00f3; Posta, Katalin", "title": "Effects of pre- and post-transplant inoculation with commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on pelargonium (Pelargonium hortorum) and its microorganism community", "date": "2012", "keywords": "am1; experiment; fungi; growth; inoculation; mycorrhizal; nutrient; pelargonium; plants", "summary": "Our results suggest that mycorrhizal inoculation not only has an effect on plant growth and uptake of elements but it also influences directly or indirectly the bacterial community of the rhizosphere, which in turn might also play a role in the growth and nutrient uptake of the host plant. There are only very few data concerning the role of microorganisms in association with mycorrhizal fungi in how mycorrhizae affect plant growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5006", "words": "4858", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Ma\u010dek, Irena; Kastelec, Damijana; Vodnik, Dominik", "title": "Root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) concentration in hypoxic soils in natural CO2 springs", "date": "2012", "keywords": "co2; concentrations; et al; grsp; mofette; root; soil; vodnik", "summary": "For Plot 1 soil and root samples were taken in September 2003 in a regular sampling grid of 58 sampling points (1 m resolution) using a soil probe (\u00d8 = 10 cm, 10 cm depth) in an area around a CO2 vent (mofette) with soil CO2 concentrations ranging from high CO2 (max 37% CO2) to ambient (control). Samples were taken following soil air gas measurements for each sampling point in December 2003 by using a soil probe (\u00d8 = 2 cm, in two soil depths 0\u20135cm and 5\u201310 cm) in a range of soil CO2 concentrations from the control (< 3%) to the max (76%) (Fig.3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5007", "words": "4631", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Nogales, Amaia; Cort\u00e9s, Amparo; Velianos, Konstantinos; Camprub\u00ed, Amelia; Esta\u00fan, Victoria; Calvet, Cinta", "title": "Plantago lanceolata growth and Cr uptake after mycorrhizal inoculation in a Cr amended substrate", "date": "2012", "keywords": "amf; chromium; iii; lanceolata; metal; mycorrhizal; plants; soil; zone", "summary": "Effect of AMF inoculation on plant growth in a substrate amended with Cr In the highest Cr (III) concentration treatment, 400 mg kg-1, P. lanceolata plants non-inoculated with AMF and P. lanceolata plants inoculated with the AMF consortia from zone A did not survive until the end of the experiment. The use of mycorrhizal plants as a tool in phytoremediation strategies needs further research to understand the mechanisms involved in the plant\u2019s protection against metal toxicity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5016", "words": "5240", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Maljanen, Marja Elisa; Virkaj\u00e4rvi, Perttu; Martikainen, Pertti J.", "title": "Dairy cow excreta patches change the boreal grass swards from sink to source of methane", "date": "2012", "keywords": "application; ch4; clover; dung; emissions; et al; grass; methane; patches; soil; urine", "summary": "CH4 emissions originated mainly from the fresh dung pats. Our hypothesis is that the dairy cow excreta (urine and dung) will change the conditions in grass sward ecosystem and increase the risk for CH4 emissions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-50881", "words": "7582", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Jansik, Csaba; Irz, Xavier", "title": "Competitiveness of Dairy Farms In Northern Europe: A Cross-Country analysis", "date": "2015", "keywords": "countries; dairy; denmark; farms; finland; germany; growth; labour; milk; productivity; sweden; tfp", "summary": "Over that pe- riod, Finland had the second highest TFP growth rate, with farm productivity growing faster only in Denmark. Cross-country differences in farm labour productivity are driven primarily by differences in labour requirements per cow, while differences in milk yields account for a much smaller share of the difference.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-50930", "words": "6978", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Pesonen, Maiju; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi", "title": "Production, carcass characteristics and valuable cuts of beef breed bulls and heifers in Finnish beef cattle population", "date": "2015", "keywords": "beef; breeds; bulls; carcass; fat; heifers; science; score", "summary": "One approach to increase beef carcass weights without a subse- quent increase in fatness is through a change in breed distribution. The second objective was to evaluate carcass fat score in relation to carcass weight in different breed groups.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-50936", "words": "7028", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "\u0160alomskien\u0117, Joana; Abraitien\u0117, Asta; Jonkuviene, Dovile; Ma\u010dionien\u0117, Irena; Repe\u010dkien\u0117, J\u016brat\u0117; Stankien\u0117, J\u016brat\u0117; Vai\u010diulyt\u0117-Funk, Lina", "title": "Changes in antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria induced by their response to technological factors", "date": "2015", "keywords": "acid; activity; bacteria; chemical; effect; food; lab; lactis; lactobacillus; preservatives; strains", "summary": "LAB antifungal activity was significantly decreased only against A. versicolor in some cases of the tested chemical preservatives except sorbic acid (Table 4). The contradicting information about the changes in LAB antifungal activity due to variation in the chemical envi- ronment was observed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-50953", "words": "8187", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kwiatkowski, Cezary A; Haliniarz, Ma\u0142gorzata; Tomczy\u0144ska-Mleko, Marta; Mleko, Stanis\u0142aw; Kawecka-Radomska, Ma\u0142gorzata", "title": "The content of dietary fiber, amino acids, dihydroxyphenols and some macro- and micronutrients in grain of conventionally and organically grown common wheat, spelt wheat and proso millet", "date": "2015", "keywords": "amino; cereal; content; farming; grain; kg-1; millet; proso; spelt; spelt wheat; system; wheat", "summary": "Organic farming resulted in a 4 times increase in the Se content in spring wheat grain and a 1.4 times increase in the Se content in winter wheat grain. Both under conventional and organic farming, significantly the lowest TDF content was found in winter wheat and spelt wheat grain, whereas it was highest in proso millet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5097", "words": "15045", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Laurila, Heikki; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Pirjo; Kleemola, Jouko; Peltonen, Jari", "title": "A comparative ideotype, yield component and cultivation value analysis for spring wheat adaptation in Finland", "date": "2012", "keywords": "analysis; baseline; cultivation; et al; finland; genotypes; grain; ha-1; hil; ideotype; laurila; leaf; mide; model; path; phase; results; spring; table; value; wheat; yield", "summary": "HiL vs. MidE high yielding ideotype profiles Combined dataset VIII,IX Modeling results Phase IIIc: Path models (Eq. 2-7) Phase IIIb: Correlation analysis Phase IIIa: PCA Principal Components IV HiL high yielding ideotype profile Path py coefficients for HiL yield components Path pv coefficients for HiL vegetation components Correlation coefficients for Path model ra, rb,rc .. rx Signifcant Factor loadings py, pv py pv MidE high yielding ideotype profile py(HiL) Phase Iva: Tables 6-9 pv(HiL) Phase IIId: Tables 7,8 Phase IIIe: Tables 7,9 Dataset VIII Dataset IX HiL spring wheat yield component and quality factor dataset. Dataset VI provided the averaged yield levels for rye and HiL spring wheat genotypes with organic and ecological cultivation practices (1989\u22121993) from the MTT Satakunta Research station (Aula and Talvitie 1995).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-51080", "words": "11474", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Lehtonen, Heikki Sakari", "title": "Evaluating adaptation and the production development of Finnish agriculture in climate and global change", "date": "2015", "keywords": "adaptation; cereals; change; climate; crop; crop prices; crop yields; farm; finland; increase; level; model; prices; production; scenario; use; yields", "summary": "If crop prices increase, farmers in each region increase fer- tilization as long as the value of increased crop yield is higher than the value of increased fertilizing. This, in turn, results in smaller profits per ha from increased yields than suggested by increased crop yields as such, and increasing N balances.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-51116", "words": "8412", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Tuomisto, Leena; Mononen, Jaakko; Martiskainen, Paula; Ahola, Leena; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi", "title": "Time budgets of finishing bulls housed in an uninsulated barn or at pasture", "date": "2015", "keywords": "animal; barn; behaviour; bulls; et al; exp; housing; licking; observations; pas; pas bulls; pasture; science; time", "summary": "In total, the foraging time was longer for PAS bulls than for UB bulls. While instantaneous sampling results revealed no differences between the groups of bulls in social licking and oth- er social behaviour (e.g. sniffing another animal and sexual behaviour), one-zero sampling observations indicated that social licking was performed more by UB bulls than by PAS bulls, and that mounting was performed more by PAS bulls than by UB bulls.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5136", "words": "8582", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Jauni, Miia; Helenius, Juha; Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho", "title": "Changes in the invasion level, and impact of alien plants in Finnish semi-natural agricultural habitats", "date": "2012", "keywords": "alien; diversity; et al; finland; habitats; invasion; jauni; neophytes; plant; richness; species", "summary": "Miia Jauni1, Juha Helenius1 and Terho Hyv\u00f6nen2 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, 2MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: miia.jauni@helsinki.fi Using dataset of 508 transects of 50 m2, we assessed changes in the invasion level of alien plant species in semi-natural agricultural habitats in three study years (2001, 2005 and 2010) in four geographical re- gions of Finland. A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E M. Jauni et al. (2012) 21: 100-117 101 Among agricultural habitats, arable land is considered highly susceptible to invasions, whereas semi- natural habitats, such as grasslands, are less frequently invaded by alien plant species (e.g. Chytr\u00fd et al. 2008, Py\u0161ek et al. 2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5138", "words": "7292", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Voutilainen, Olli; Muilu, Toivo; Wuori, Olli", "title": "Structural development and regional concentration of agriculture in Finland in 1975\u20132008", "date": "2012", "keywords": "agriculture; concentration; development; finland; finnish; gini; jobs; number; production; regions; research; terms; value", "summary": "In addition, as the values of the slopes in Figure 5 indicate, regional concentration development in all industries together, both in terms of jobs and value added, has been faster than regional concentration development of agriculture. Regional specialisation of Finnish agriculture began already in the Middle Ages (Orrman 2003).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5144", "words": "5863", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Tamminen, Marja Tuulikki; Ouwehand, Arthur C.; M\u00e4ki, Maarit; Joutsjoki, Tiina; Sj\u00f6blom, Marietta; Nissinen, Kaija; Ryh\u00e4nen, Eeva-Liisa", "title": "Viability of Lactobacillus paraplantarum DSM 14485 in human gastrointestinal tract and its molecular and biochemical identification after fermented vegetable consumption", "date": "2012", "keywords": "dsm; et al; isolates; lab; lactobacillus; paraplantarum; pcr; strains", "summary": "TNO96111, 80 TNO9611, DSM 20174 and Pho 9, Lb. pentosus Vegstart 60 and Vegstart 10 (Chr Hansen A/S, H\u00f8rsholm Denmark) and Lb. plantarum strains isolated from fermented cucumbers (investigation of MTT, Food Research) and Lactobacillus brevis DSM 20054 \u2013strain. Lb. plantarum used as starter in cabbage juice was able to survive at 4 \u00baC and pH 3.6 for four weeks at a level of 107 cfu mL-1 (Yoon et al. 2006).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-51446", "words": "9085", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Ariva, Jelena; Viira, Ants Hannes; P\u00f5ldaru, Reet; Roots, J\u00fcri", "title": "Medium-run projections for greenhouse gas emissions arising from agriculture: the case of milk production in Estonia", "date": "2015", "keywords": "ch4; cows; dairy; emissions; estonian; et al; ghg; ghg emissions; management; manure; milk; model; n2o; production; systems", "summary": "Due to the significant decline in agricultural GHG emissions, and agriculture\u2019s relatively low (6.9%) contribution to total GHG emissions in Estonia (Estonian CRF 2014), the EU target to curb GHG emissions by 20% by 2020, com- pared to 1990, are perceived as attainable. The FAPRI-GOLD type market model of Estonian agriculture, which is used for projections of agricultural production, was supplemented with a module that helps project GHG emissions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-51465", "words": "5855", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pirinen, Pentti; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Hanna M; Hyv\u00e4rinen, Otto; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Ojanen, Hannu; Ven\u00e4l\u00e4inen, Ari", "title": "Spatial and temporal variation in weather events critical for boreal agriculture: I Elevated temperatures", "date": "2016", "keywords": "et al; finland; july; peltonen; sainio; sainio et; science; temperatures", "summary": "Interestingly, the particularly detrimental short periods with high temperature elevation were more common than lon- ger periods with a more reasonable increase in daily mean temperatures (Figs. 1a to 3b). This phenomenon was found throughout the prime agricultural region of Finland (Fig. 1a), but with some regional differences in like- lihoods for high temperature elevation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-51466", "words": "5797", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pirinen, Pentti; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Hanna M.; Ojanen, Hannu; Ven\u00e4l\u00e4inen, Ari", "title": "Spatial and temporal variation in weather events critical for boreal agriculture: II Precipitation", "date": "2016", "keywords": "drought; et al; peltonen; precipitation; rains; sainio; sainio et; season; soil", "summary": "Due to high variation during sowing time (Peltonen-Sainio and Jauhiainen 2014), drought taking place e.g. by mid-May, may in one year facilitate sowings in the case of late soil drying, while in another year it may, together with elevated temperatures (see Peltonen-Sainio et al. 2016b) cause too fast a soil drying, uneven seedling emergence and plant stand establishment (Mukula and Rantanen 1987, 1989, Pahkala et al. 1994, Hakala et al. 2012). Hence, even slight increases in precipitation are likely to favour crop growth when occurring during the yield determination phase (Peltonen-Sainio et al. 2011, Hakala et al. 2012).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-51467", "words": "6629", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pirinen, Pentti; Laapas, Mikko; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Hanna M.; Ojanen, Hannu; Ven\u00e4l\u00e4inen, Ari", "title": "Spatial and temporal variation in weather events critical for boreal agriculture: III Frost and winter time fluctuation", "date": "2016", "keywords": "et al; finland; frost; night; peltonen; sainio; soil; sowing; winter", "summary": "This sub-paper is the third one of the trilogy on climatic variability in Finland, and it concentrates on presenting the variation in spring soil frost, spring snow cover and the risk of night frost for the period from early March to late September. Likelihood (%) for soil frost (\u2264 0 \u00b0C at 20 cm soil depth) at nine weather stations, and late snow cover (> 1 cm) (10 km \u00d7 10 km grid) were estimated for late spring.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-51469", "words": "8630", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Linse, Lisbeth; Dahlin, A. Sigrun; Nadeau, Elisabet; Forkman, Johannes; \u00d6born, Ingrid", "title": "Boron fertilisation of organically managed grass-clover swards on coarse-textured soils: effects on botanical and element composition", "date": "2015", "keywords": "boron; borrarp; clover; concentrations; forage; grass; mixtures; plant; red; r\u00e5dde; soil; treatment; trials; white", "summary": "Sweden 2 Soil and Environment, SLU, Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden 3Animal Environment and Health, SLU, Box 234, SE- 532 23 Skara, Sweden 4The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society Sjuh\u00e4rad, Box 5007, 51405 L\u00e4nghem, Sweden 5 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677-00100 Nairobi, Kenya e-mail: Lisbeth.Linse@slu.se Three trials were performed on two organic farms with dairy and suckler cows and using home-produced forage and feed crops, predominantly grass-clover ley, in order to determine whether boron (B) is a limiting factor for legumes on coarse-textured soils in an area predisposed to low B soil concentrations. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE L. Linse et al. (2015) vol 24: 261\u2013272 266 In the analysis of plant B concentrations, there were significant interactions between (i) trial and treatment (p = 0.022), (ii) plant types and treatment (p < 0.001) and (iii) plant types and trial (p < 0.001), but the three-way interaction was not significant (p = 0.857).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5159", "words": "11362", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Brod, Eva; Haraldsen, Trond Knapp; Breland, Tor Arvid", "title": "Fertilization effects of organic waste resources and bottom wood ash: results from a pot experiment", "date": "2012", "keywords": "biomass; bwa; cfs; dynea; effects; et al; fertilization; fertilizer; ha\u20131; mbm; plant; resources; soil; table; treatments; waste", "summary": "Due to low N:P ratios (< 2\u20133, Jeng et al. 2004, 2006, Ylivainio et al. 2008, Jeng and Vagstad 2009), it has previously been recommended that MBM fertilizer rates should be adjusted to the plants\u2019 P demands and to the long term P fertilization effect of the material, rather than to N contents (Jeng et al. 2006). P fertilization effects of waste resources Even though initial contents of plant-available P in the soil were estimated to be low (P-AL, Table 5, Krogstad et al. 2008), the soil still supplied plants with sufficient P. Therefore, P fertilization effects of waste residues did not become visible in biomass production or as P uptake during the present experiment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-52299", "words": "8789", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Tuunainen, Petra; Koivunen, Erja; Valaja, Jarmo; Valkonen, Eija; Hiidenhovi, Jaakko; Tupasela, Tuomo", "title": "Effects of dietary rapeseed meal and peas on the performance and meat quality of broilers", "date": "2016", "keywords": "birds; diet; effect; et al; meal protein; pea; peas; protein; r100; rapeseed meal; soybean meal; treatments", "summary": "There were no differences in the proportional weight of the thyroid glands between control group and the birds fed with rapeseed meal diet. These variables correlate with body weight, which also was lower in rapeseed meal diets than in control diet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-52311", "words": "9885", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju; Honkavaara, Markku", "title": "Performance and meat quality of Nordic Red and Aberdeen Angus bulls offered faba bean or field pea based whole crop legume-cereal silages", "date": "2016", "keywords": "bulls; carcass; crop; et al; fatty; grass; huuskonen; meat; quality; science; silage; wheat", "summary": "Crude protein, NDF and starch intakes were higher (p < 0.001) with whole crop legume silage based diets compared to GSB. The pH-value of the loin was slightly lower with whole crop legume silage based diets compared to GSB (p < 0.01).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-52313", "words": "5502", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kononenko, Galina; Burkin, Alexey; Gavrilova, Olga; Gagkaeva, Tatiana", "title": "Fungal species and multiple mycotoxin contamination of cultivated forage crops", "date": "2015", "keywords": "clover; forage; fungi; grasses; mixtures; mowing; mycotoxins; samples; spp; type", "summary": "There was a sharp increase in type II forage contamination with FUM while T-2 and DON detection frequency changed only slightly, but DAS and ZEN were not found at all. The results of mycological analysis were presented as incidence, i.e., the ratio of the number of samples in which the taxon was detected (n+) to the total number of analysed sam- ples (n), and quantity, i.e., the number of CFU in 1 g of plant tissue (CFU g-1) for the positive samples of forage types.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-52792", "words": "6945", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Conesa, Encarnaci\u00f3n; Fern\u00e1ndez, Juan A.; Ni\u00f1irola, Diana; Egea-Gilabert, Catalina", "title": "Nutrient solution aeration and growing cycles affect quality and yield of fresh-cut baby leaf red lettuce", "date": "2015", "keywords": "aeration; autumn; conditions; content; cycle; et al; lettuce; nitrate; nutrient; solution; storage; summer; winter", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Conesa et al. (2015) 24: 313\u2013322 313 Manuscript received October 2015 Nutrient solution aeration and growing cycles affect quality and yield of fresh-cut baby leaf red lettuce Encarnaci\u00f3n Conesaa, Juan A. Fern\u00e1ndeza,b, Diana Ni\u00f1irolaa, Catalina Egea-Gilabertb,c* aProducci\u00f3n Vegetal, E.T.S. Ingenier\u00eda Agron\u00f3mica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena, C/Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain bInstituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal. [LA] or high aeration [HA]) and growing cycle (autumn, winter and summer) on the yield, quality, and shelf life of red lettuce as a fresh-cut product grown in a floating system.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-52811", "words": "7304", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Teleszko, Miros\u0142awa; Nowicka, Paulina; Wojdy\u0142o, Aneta", "title": "Chemical, enzymatic and physical characteristic of cloudy apple juices", "date": "2016", "keywords": "acid; activity; alwa; apple; content; et al; food; fruit; gloster; juices; l-1; pinova; pme", "summary": "nf = not found AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Teleszko et al. (2016) 25: 34\u201343 38 Among the flavan-3-ols, one trimeric compound was identified in apple juices. However, some of the studies show, that the quantitative proportions between these compounds in apples and apple juices can be quite reversed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-53182", "words": "9235", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Manevska-Tasevska, Gordana; Rabinowicz, Ewa; Surry, Yves", "title": "Pure and compensated efficiency of Swedish dairy farms", "date": "2016", "keywords": "agricultural; capital; cte; density; efficiency; farm; farming; livestock; output; period; production; pte; region; revenue; support", "summary": "In the literature during the past decade, diversification of farm activities has regularly been related to positive economic results in terms of farm efficiency (Hadley 2006, Hansson 2007, Barnes and Revoredo-Giha 2011) and farm viability (Barnes et al. 2015). The main objective of this study was thus to examine whether the environmental agricultural support provided within the Pillar II framework has succeeded in eliminating the influence of regional differences in potential for agriculture and output-reducing farm management practices on farm efficiency.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-53275", "words": "6234", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Niemi, Jyrki; Liu, Xing", "title": "Empirical \u201cfirst-filter\u201d test for the existence of buyer power in the Finnish food supply chain", "date": "2016", "keywords": "agricultural; buyer; chain; food; market; power; price; producer; retail; supply; test", "summary": "\uf02b\uf046\uf02b\uf044\uf047\uf02b\uf03d\uf044 \uf02d\uf02d \uf0e5 1 '\uf061\uf062 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. Niemi & X. Liu (2016) 25: 177\u2013186 182 Data We apply the test method of Lloyd et al. (2009) to assess whether we can reject perfect competition in Finnish food supply chain using the best available market-level data on food price indices at retail (R) and producer (P) levels. The functioning of the food supply chain and its effect on food prices in the European Union.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-53381", "words": "4134", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kviklys, Darius; \u010ceidait\u0117, Alina; Lanauskas, Juozas; Uselis, Nobertas; Samuolien\u0117, Giedr\u0117", "title": "The effect of rootstock on apple tree bearing stability in a cooler climate", "date": "2016", "keywords": "abi; apple; average; bearing; rootstocks; yield", "summary": "On the average of both cultivars according to tree growth control, apple rootstocks are divided into the follow- ing groups: super-dwarfing \u2013 PB.4, P 61, P 59, P 22 and Pure 1, dwarfing \u2013 M.9, B.396, P 62, P 66 and P 67, and Breeding of apple rootstocks in Po- land \u2013 the latest results.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-53632", "words": "8015", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "\u015awi\u0119ch, Ewa; Raj, Stanislawa; Pastuszewska, Barbara; Taciak, Marcin; Bartkowiak-Broda, Iwona; Smulikowska, Stefania", "title": "Nutritional value of yellow-seeded winter rapeseed cakes for growing pigs", "date": "2016", "keywords": "brc; cake; content; diets; digestibility; fibre; pigs; protein; rapeseed; yellow; yrc", "summary": "r = correlation coefficient AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. \u015awi\u0119ch et al. (2016) 25: 99\u2013110 108 In the present study, ATTD of protein did not differ between diets containing rapeseed cakes and the control diet containing SBM, or among rapeseed cake diets themselves. \u00d7 100 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. \u015awi\u0119ch et al. (2016) 25: 99\u2013110 103 Additionally, the mean values of AID of protein and AA in the diets were further used for calculation of the AID of protein and AA of rapeseed cakes by the difference method using the following formula: AIDRC \u2013 apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of rapeseed cake AIDRCD \u2013 apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of the rapeseed cake diet AIDW \u2013 apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of wheat CP/AAW \u2013 contribution level of protein/AA in rapeseed cake diet originating from wheat CP/AARC \u2013 contribution level of protein/AA in rapeseed cake diet originating from rapeseed cake The SID of protein and AA were estimated from the AID of protein and AA using tabulated values of basal endog- enous AA losses (Jansman et al., 2002) according to the following formula: SIDRC \u2013 standardized ileal digestibility of protein/AA in rapeseed cake AIDRC \u2013 apparent ileal digestibility of protein in rapeseed cake bEPL/bEAAL \u2013 basal endogenous protein/AA losses CP/AARC \u2013 content of CP/AA in rapeseed cake The calculation of ATTD of nutrients and fibre fractions in the diets was based on the chromium content in diets and faeces using the following formula: ATTDD \u2013 apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients/fibre fractions in the diet CrD \u2013 chromium concentration in the diet CrF \u2013 chromium concentration in the faeces ND \u2013 nutrient/fibre fractions concentration in the diet NF \u2013 nutrient/fibre fractions concentration in the faeces The ME of diets was calculated based on the content of digestible nutrients using the following formula according to GfE (2008): ME (MJ kg-1 DM) = 0.0205 x dP (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0398 dF (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0173 x St (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0160 x Su (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0147 x (dOM \u2013 dP \u2013 dF \u2013 St \u2013 Su) (g kg-1 DM) dOM \u2013 digestible organic matter dP \u2013 digestible protein dF \u2013 digestible fat St \u2013 starch Su \u2013 sugar The results were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the GLM procedure of STATISTICA 10 software (StatSoft 2011).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-55533", "words": "7382", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "L\u00f6tj\u00f6nen, Timo; Salonen, Jukka", "title": "Intensifying bare fallow strategies to control Elymus repens in organic soils", "date": "2016", "keywords": "autumn; barley; control; cultivator; experiment; fallow; ploughing; repens; spring; treatments", "summary": "1) were not effective enough against E. repens. In the late summer fallow after ley (exp. 2), the Kvick-Finn weed-cultivator destroyed E. repens very effectively; on average 5% of E. repens remained alive in the barley crop in the autumn of the following year.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-55534", "words": "9107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Konieczny, Anna; Kowalska, Iwona", "title": "The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in zinc uptake by lettuce grown at two phosphorus levels in the substrate", "date": "2016", "keywords": "amf; concentration; content; effect; intraradices; lettuce; mg zn; mosseae; mycorrhizal; n.s; n.s n.s; plants; substrate; uptake; zn n.s", "summary": "Zn n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. P The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of two AMF, i.e., Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices on Zn uptake by lettuce plants grown at two P levels and elevated concentrations of Zn in a peat substrate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-55539", "words": "4669", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Guo, Zhiqing; Pfohl, Katharina; Karlovsky, Petr; Dehne, Heinz-Wilhelm; Altincicek, Boran", "title": "Fumonisin B1 and beauvericin accumulation in wheat kernels after seed-borne infection with Fusarium proliferatum", "date": "2016", "keywords": "beauvericin; dna; et al; fumonisin; fusarium; kernels; maize; plants; proliferatum; strains; wheat", "summary": "Recently, F. proliferatum and its mycotox- in fumonisin were found in wheat grains. F. proliferatum strains originating from different hosts were able to infect wheat via seeds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5605", "words": "8588", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "KAUSTELL, K.; M\u00c4NTYSAARI, E.; HUHTANEN, P.", "title": "Concentrate feeding and milk yield based on the field data of milk recorded herds", "date": "1998", "keywords": "concentrates; feeding; intake; milk; n c; n d", "summary": "Also the CP content of concentrates increased with increasing concentrate intake. In short term feeding experiments increase in concentrate intake have resulted in smaller responses in milk yield than in longer complete lactation experiments (Wiktorsson 1979).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5606", "words": "3464", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "YLI-HALLA, M.; MOKMA, D.", "title": "Soil temperature regimes in Finland", "date": "1998", "keywords": "air; finland; mean; soil; temperature", "summary": "Also the build-up and decomposition of organic matter is influ- enced by soil temperature. Even though this relationship holds in most of the USA, it does not hold for exam- ple in Alaska and the Great Lakes States, where soil temperature is substantially higher than that predicted from air temperature, owing to insula- tion by snow (Smith 1986).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5607", "words": "5986", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "SORMUNEN-CRISTIAN, R.; TAPONEN, S.; SAASTAMOINEN, I.", "title": "Yellow-flowered lucerne: Properties and influence on performance and reproduction of ewes", "date": "1998", "keywords": "coumestrol; e n; ewes; feeding; grass; lucerne; mating; n c; n d; plant; silage", "summary": "On pasture G ewes increased their weight by 5.0 kg and L ewes on average by 2.5 kg. L ewes received lucerne silage and G ewes timothy-fescue silage ad libitum.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5608", "words": "6946", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "PIRINEN, H.; DALMAN, P.; K\u00c4RENLAMPI, S.", "title": "Description of three new arctic bramble cultivars and proposal for cultivar identification", "date": "1998", "keywords": "arctic; bramble; cultivars; e n; n c; n d; pima; strains", "summary": "Descriptions of arctic bramble cultivars On the basis of yield and morphological charac- ters, three arctic bramble strains have been re- leased for cultivation under the cultivar names Marika, Muuruska and Elpee. Description of arctic bramble cultivars The second best cropper was strain 4, i.e. \u2018Marika\u2019, the best yield being 2.4 times that of \u2018Pima\u2019.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5609", "words": "4296", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "KORPELA, S.", "title": "Pest status and incidence of the honey bee tracheal mite in Finland", "date": "1998", "keywords": "bee; bees; colonies; finland; honey; mite; n c; n d; samples; tracheal", "summary": "This increase may be partly explained by tracheal mite infestations found in commercial queen-rearing apiaries. The purpose of my study was to investigate the incidence of the tracheal mite in Finland and to evaluate the damage caused to wintering bees by mite infestations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5610", "words": "6316", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "SUOJALA, T.; SALO, T.; PESSALA, R.", "title": "Effects of fertilisation and irrigation practices on yield, maturity and storability of onions", "date": "1998", "keywords": "fertilisation; irrigation; n c; n d; onions; storage", "summary": "The yield benefit from increasing N fertilisation from 50 to 100 kg/ha was only 5.5%. The timing of N fertilisation is crucial: in Brewster\u2019s study (1990b) delaying N fertilisa- tion until 2 August resulted in a significant de- lay in maturity compared to fertilisation before sowing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5611", "words": "3651", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "N\u00c4RHINEN, M.; NISSINEN, A.; PENTTIL\u00c4, P.-L.", "title": "Salt content labelling of foods in supermarkets in Finland", "date": "1998", "keywords": "finland; food; health; n c; n d; products; salt", "summary": "The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which lightly salted food products are included in the assortments of Finnish supermarkets and prominently placed on shelves. Salt content labelling of foods in supermarkets in Finland Maria N\u00e4rhinen Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5612", "words": "5939", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "JAAKKOLA, A.; SIMOJOKI, A.", "title": "Effect of soil wetness on air composition and nitrous oxide emission in a loam soil", "date": "1998", "keywords": "air; concentration; effect; irrigation; n c; n d; soil", "summary": "Low O 2 concentration in soil air has been shown to retard plant growth independently of soil wet- ness in experiments where soil air composition is artificially regulated (e.g. Jaakkola et al. 1990). Cropping and irrigation lowered O 2 (minimum 3\u20137%) and raised CO 2 (maximum 9%) in soil air, but fertilization had no effect.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-56122", "words": "7020", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Koivunen, Erja; Talvio, Eija; Valkonen, Eija; Tupasela, Tuomo; Tuunainen, Petra; Valaja, Jarmo", "title": "Use of semi-leafless peas (Pisum sativum L) with enzyme addition in diets for broilers", "date": "2016", "keywords": "diets; inclusion; kg-1; pea; peas; science", "summary": "Dietary pea inclusion improved FCR of the birds from the control to level of 150 g kg-1, but declined with levels of 300 and 450 g kg-1 (cubic effect of pea inclusion, p \u2264 0,001). AMS (Brenes et al. 2003) or PRT (Igbasan and Guenter 1996) into pea diets have not produced positive response in the growth of birds or the positive effects have been depending on the pea cultivar used.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5613", "words": "8848", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "K\u00c4NK\u00c4NEN, H.; KANGAS, A.; MELA, T.", "title": "Timing incorporation of different green manure crops to minimize the risk of nitrogen leaching", "date": "1998", "keywords": "autumn; barley; content; crop; effect; green; incorporation; n c; n d; ploughing; soil; spring; trials", "summary": "The decomposition rate could be influenced by soil mineral N content, as shown in the experiment by Mary et al. (1996), where low soil mineral N slowed down the de- composition rate of wheat straw residues. Discussion The N content of incorporated plant material had a crucial effect on mineral soil N content after incorporation, as shown also in earlier experi- ments (Smith and Sharpley 1990, Marstorp and Kirchmann 1991, Vinther 1994).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5614", "words": "7663", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "TURTOLA, E.; KEMPPAINEN, E.", "title": "Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in surface runoff and drainage water after application of slurry and mineral fertilizer to perennial grass ley", "date": "1998", "keywords": "application; autumn; drainage; ley; losses; n c; n d; runoff; slurry; soil; surface; water", "summary": "Surface runoff averaged 40\u201352% of the annual total runoff (Table 5), the proportion of surface runoff being in autumn, winter-spring and summer 11\u201330%, 95\u201396% and 73\u201388%, respectively. Surface runoff losses of phosphorus and oth- er nutrient elements from fertilized grassland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5615", "words": "4642", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "KIISKINEN, T.; HELANDER, E.", "title": "Effects of restricted methionine and energy intake on egg weight and shell quality : research note", "date": "1998", "keywords": "egg; methionine; n c; n d; restriction; weight", "summary": "Research Note Effects of restricted methionine and energy intake on egg weight and shell quality Tuomo Kiiskinen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Eija Helander Suomen Rehu Oy, PO Box 105, FIN-00241 Helsinki, Finland An experiment involving two laying hen hybrids and four dietary treatments was conducted to study the effects of dietary methionine restriction (MR) (3,05 g/kg, MR 100; 2,65 g/kg, MR 87; 2,25 g/kg, MR 74) and energy restriction (ER) on egg production assessed as egg weight, egg weight classification and shell quality of eggs during the later laying phase from 46 to 70 wk of age.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5616", "words": "6546", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "TAURIAINEN, S.; SANKARI, S.; PY\u00d6R\u00c4L\u00c4, S.", "title": "Effect of anionic salts in concentrate mixture and calcium intake on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and feed intake of dry pregnant cows on grass silage based feeding", "date": "1998", "keywords": "cows; dcab; e n; high; low; n c; n d", "summary": "Effect of anionic salts on dry cows I metabolic acidosis increases ionised Ca [Ca2+] in the blood (Bushinsky et al. 1985). Effect of anionic salts on dry cows I Cows were housed and fed in individual tie stalls with free access to drinking water.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5617", "words": "5467", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "TAURIAINEN, S.; SANKARI, S.; PY\u00d6R\u00c4L\u00c4, S.", "title": "Effect of anionic salts in concentrate mixture and magnesium intake on some blood and urine minerals and acid-base balance of dry pregnant cows on grass silage based feeding", "date": "1998", "keywords": "cows; dcab; high; n c; n d", "summary": "According to Finnish feeding standards for dairy cows (Tuori et al. 1995), the recommen- dation for dietary Mg intake is 17 g Mg/d dur- ing the dry period. Effect of anionic salts on dry cows II ber et al. 1983, Braak, van de et al. 1987a, Sam- son et al. 1983).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5618", "words": "9205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "M\u00c4KEL\u00c4, P.; ARCHIBOLD, W. O.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.", "title": "Wild rice - a potential new crop for Finland", "date": "1998", "keywords": "archibold; c e; canada; canadian; crop; e n; extension; finland; journal; minnesota; n c; n d; oelke; palustris; plant; production; rice; seeds; water; wild; zizania", "summary": "Wild rice in Finnish crop production date synchrony in wild rice. Wild rice (Zizania palustris L.), an aquatic grass that grows naturally in lakes and slowly flowing rivers in North America, has been used as a food for thousands of years by some aboriginal tribes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5619", "words": "4768", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "TAURIAINEN, S.; SANKARI, S.; SYRJ\u00c4L\u00c4-QVIST, L.", "title": "Effect of anionic salts in concentrate mixture on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and feed intake of dry pregnant cows on grass silage based feeding with high calcium intake", "date": "1998", "keywords": "cows; dcab; high; low; n d", "summary": "Experimental diets were: Diet 1; high DCAB (control), Diet 2; low DCAB. High DCAB 8.57 8.62 8.66 8.55 8.51 8.51 8.58 Low DCAB 8.57 7.19 7.25 7.60 7.84 8.55 8.47 sem 0.058 0.324 0.367 0.278 0.214 0.035 0.043 DCAB ** DCAB * 1) sem = standard error of means 2) Ca/creatinine, mmol/mmol 3) DCAB = high DCAB vs low DCAB 4) P < 0.05 *, P < 0.01 **, P < 0.001 *** 5)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5620", "words": "3098", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "HARRI, M.; MONONEN, J.; REKIL\u00c4, T.", "title": "Comparison of two breeding systems for timing of whelpings in farmed silver foxes (Research Note)", "date": "1999", "keywords": "breeding; kuopio; n d; vixens", "summary": "Present and future use of artificial insemination in fox breeding in Fin- land. Key words: fur farming, housing, mating system, vixens Introduction At the earliest stage of fox farming it was a com- mon practice to keep silver foxes in a large com- munal enclosure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5621", "words": "6236", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "SUOMI, K.; PARTANEN, K.; ALAVIUHKOLA, T.", "title": "Effect of supplemental vitamin E on the performance of growing-finishing pigs fed stored versus freshly harvested barley and on the storage stability and eating quality of frozen pork", "date": "1999", "keywords": "barley; content; n d; pigs; supplementation; vitamin; vitamin e", "summary": "Pigs were fed isoenergetic barley-soybean meal diets and vitamin E was rationed on the top of feed, a 2-d dose at a time. Stored and freshly harvested barley contained 33.5 and 31.2 mg/kg of vitamin E in the beginning and 33.0 and 38.7 mg/kg at the end of the study, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5622", "words": "4254", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "P\u00c4\u00c4KK\u00d6NEN, K.; HAVENTO, J.; GALAMBOSI, B.", "title": "Infrared drying of herbs (Research Note)", "date": "1999", "keywords": "drying; e n; infrared; n c; n d; temperature", "summary": "Conclusions The original fresh material was the essential fac- tor determining the quality of dried herbs. Consequently, a combined infrared-convec- tion process is a potentially useful method for drying herbs, giving high drying rates at low dry- ing temperatures.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5623", "words": "8982", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "HARALDSEN, T.K.", "title": "Effects of cattle slurry and cultivation on air exchange in sandy and silty soils from northern Norway", "date": "1999", "keywords": "air; diffusivity; e n; gas; n c; n d; pasvik; porosity; slurry; soil; tana; virgin; water", "summary": "N 2 O, CO 2 and O 2 con- centrations in soil air influenced by organic and inor- ganic fertilizers and soil compaction. Although soil air permeability per se is not a particularly important aeration parameter, it does reflect the soil\u2019s water permeability (McAfee et al. 1989).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5624", "words": "39283", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "SALO, T.", "title": "Effects of band placement and nitrogen rate on dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen uptake of cabbage, carrot and onion", "date": "1999", "keywords": "application; band; broadcast; c e; c u; cabbage; carrot; concentration; crop; dap; e n; fertilizer; g r; growth; harvest; kg ha-1; l t; matter; mean; method; n =; n c; n d; n rate; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizer; onion; placement; plant; planting; rates; roots; sampling; soil; table; treatments; u l; uptake; yield", "summary": "High N rates often resulted in high N concentrations and N uptakes, but growth was not necessarily increased. Towards harvest differences between application methods de- creased, although in 1993, placement of N still led to 6% lower cabbage yields than broadcasting of N. In 1993, high N rates increased cabbage dry weight and N uptake towards harvest, and this effect was more pronounced when N was broadcast.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5625", "words": "2711", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "BREDBACKA, P.; KOSKINEN, M.T.", "title": "Microsatellite panels suggested for parentage testing in cattle: informativeness revealed in Finnish Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian populations (Research Note)", "date": "1999", "keywords": "n d", "summary": "Key words: animal identification, bovine, exclusion probability, microsatellite Introduction Correct assignment of livestock pedigrees is par- ticularly important when artificial insemination is widely used, as for example in cattle: errors have a direct effect to the genetic response (Aren- donk et al. 1998). Microsatell i tes BM2113, ETH3 and TGLA227 exhibited very high polymorphism with exclusion probabilities exceeding 52% in both breeds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5626", "words": "8020", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "KHALILI, H.; KUUSELA, E.; SAARISALO, E.", "title": "Use of rapeseed and pea grain protein supplements for organic milk production", "date": "1999", "keywords": "diet; fat; intake; kg-1; milk; n c; n d; production; protein; rapeseed; rsm; silage", "summary": "Milk protein content was higher (P<0.05) with RSM than with organic protein supplements. Addition of oil/ fatty acids has decreased milk protein content (Mohamed et al. 1988, Tesfa 1992, Khalili et al. 1997) as was observed also with RCSO diet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5627", "words": "6953", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "KORHONEN, H.T.; JAUHIAINEN, L.; NIEMEL\u00c4, P.", "title": "Effect of enlarged cage space and access to earthen floor on locomotor and digging activity of blue foxes", "date": "1999", "keywords": "activity; behaviour; cage; digging; e n; floor; foxes; mesh; n c; n d; wire", "summary": "The first argument for this is that blue foxes are expected to have difficulties to exercising adequetly on wire-mesh flooring. In a choice experiment in which a wire-mesh floor cage was equipped with a tran- sit tunnel allowing free access to an earthen pen, blue foxes used both sections quite frequently for locomotion, but preferred wire-mesh floor for resting (Korhonen and Niemel\u00e4 1997).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5628", "words": "11942", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "YLI-VIIKARI, A.", "title": "Indicators for sustainable agriculture - a theoretical framework for classifying and assessing indicators", "date": "1999", "keywords": "agriculture; c e; c u; data; development; e n; environment; indicators; information; landscape; methods; n c; n d; oecd; quality; soil; sustainability; u l; use", "summary": "Environmental indicators. Environmental indicators for agriculture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5629", "words": "8325", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "K\u00c4NK\u00c4NEN, H.; KANGAS, A.; MELA, T.", "title": "The effect of incorporation time of different crops on the residual effect on spring cereals", "date": "1999", "keywords": "autumn; crop; effect; grain; grain yield; incorporation; n c; n d; ploughing; precrop; spring; test; year; yield", "summary": "Grain yields pre- sented below are calculated as the means over N fertilization levels, because N fertilization nor- mally increased the grain yield in spite of other treatments. Statistical significances of the main effects of the treatments and their interactions on grain yield of 1st year test crop (spring barley) and 2nd year test crop (oats).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5630", "words": "5248", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "VESTBERG, M.; CARDOSO, M.; M\u00c5RTENSSON, A.", "title": "Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different cropping systems at Cochabamba, Bolivia (Research Note)", "date": "1999", "keywords": "cropping; e n; fungi; glomus; mycorrhizal; n c; n d; soil; species; spore; systems", "summary": "Key words: AMF spore densities, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, cropping systems, diversity index, Glomales Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are amongst the most commonly occurring soil fun- gi (Gerdemann 1968) and are associated with about 80% of terrestrial plants in most vegeta- tion types (Gianinazzi and Gianinazzi-Pearson 1986). The mycorrhizal diversity measured with the Shannon- Wiener index did however not differ very much between cropping systems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5631", "words": "5594", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "PELTOVUORI, T.", "title": "Precision of commercial soil testing practice for phosphorus fertilizer recommendations in Finland", "date": "1999", "keywords": "3\u20135.9; n c; n d; results; sampling; sand; soil; test", "summary": "According to the anal- Fig. 2. Soil texture and contours of soil P test results (mg dm-3) of the test field used for sampling simulation. Errors in soil texture and OM determinations are common and they are likely to lead to errors in soil P clas- sification and in P input planning.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5632", "words": "58259", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "OLLILAINEN, V.-M.", "title": "HPLC analysis of vitamin B6 in foods", "date": "1999", "keywords": "acid; acid extraction; activity; analysis; beef; buffer; c e; c u; chemical; chemistry; chromatography; column; compounds; content; d vol; data; determination; distribution; e n; enzyme; et al; extraction; fig; flour; fluorescence; food; food analysis; forms; fraction; free; g r; glucoside; gregory; hplc; hydrolysis; journal; l t; liquid; method; milk; mobile; n c; n d; nutrition; ollilainen; peak; perchloric; performance; phase; phosphate; plant; plp; pmp; present; procedure; pyridoxal; pyridoxine; pyridoxine glucoside; results; retention; sample; separation; solution; standard; studies; study; table; u l; usa; values; vitamers; vitamin analysis; vitamin b; wheat; \u00b0 c", "summary": "I N L A N D Ollilainen, V. HPLC analysis of vitamin B 6 in foods 2.1 Chemical and physical prop- erties of vitamin B 6 compounds 2.1.1 Nomenclature and chemical structures Free and phosphorylated vitamers Vitamin B 6 compounds can be classified as de- rivatives of 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (Fig. 1). I N L A N D Ollilainen, V. HPLC analysis of vitamin B 6 in foods neous determination of vitamins B 2 (riboflavin) and B6 (pyridoxine) in infant formula products by reversed phase liquid chromatography.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5633", "words": "5987", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "LANKOSKI, J.; OLLIKAINEN, M.", "title": "The environmental effectiveness of alternative agri-environmental policy reforms: theoretical and empirical analysis", "date": "1999", "keywords": "buffer; environmental; fertilizer; n c; n d; nitrogen; policy; subsidy; zone", "summary": "However, an environmental policy reform which compensates for the increase in the fertilizer tax by higher buffer zone subsidy had the strongest reductive effect on nutrient runoff since the fertilizer tax and buffer zone subsidy reinforced each other. The environmental effectiveness of alternative agri-environmental policy reforms: theoretical and empirical analysis Jussi Lankoski Agricultural Economics Research Institute, PO Box 3, FIN-00411 Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: jussi.lankoski@mttl.fi Markku Ollikainen Department of Economics, PO Box 54, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland This paper analyzes alternative agri-environmental policy reforms to reduce nutrient runoff when the government has price support, fertilizer tax, buffer zone subsidy and acreage subsidy as available instruments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5634", "words": "11664", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "ALAKUKKU, L.", "title": "Subsoil compaction due to wheel traffic.", "date": "1999", "keywords": "axle; clay; compaction; contact; crop; e n; effects; field; ground; load; n c; n d; research; soil; stress; subsoil; subsoil compaction; tillage; traffic; wheel", "summary": "Although Hadas (1994) argues that subsoil compaction constitutes a problem with- in the realm of soil compaction in general and should not be a special field of research, some important differences between topsoil and sub- soil compaction nevertheless exist. The machinery traffic that causes soil compaction, which may be defined as an increase in bulk density, also causes non- volumetric changes in soil structure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5635", "words": "5368", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "THUNEBERG-SELONEN, T.; P\u00d6S\u00d6, J.; M\u00c4NTYSAARI, E.", "title": "Use of individual race results in the estimation of genetic parameters of trotting performance for Finnhorse and Standardbred trotters", "date": "1999", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; effect; n c; n d; race; time; trotters; year", "summary": "Influence of age, gait and sex upon number of races, money won and race times. In a few studies individual race records have been used as a basis of breeding value esti- mation and the factors affecting single race events have been taken into account.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5636", "words": "17152", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "SHINGFIELD, K.J.; JOKELA, M.; KAUSTELL, K.", "title": "Association between protein feeding and reproductive efficiency in the dairy cow: specific emphasis on protein feeding in Finland", "date": "1999", "keywords": "c e; concentrations; conception; content; cows; dairy; dairy cows; e n; efficiency; energy; et al; feeding; herds; journal; milk; n c; n d; production; protein; protein feeding; rumen; science; u l; urea", "summary": "Effects of dietary protein concentration on lactating cows. Kaim et al. (1983) reported that pregnancy rates were lower in cows with a PUC of 360 mg/l com- pared to cows with a PUC of 193 mg/l. A urea concentration in blood exceeding 429 mg/l has also been reported to be associated with reduced conception rates (Ferguson et al. 1988, 1993).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5637", "words": "10594", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "RISKU-NORJA, H.", "title": "The total material requirement -concept applied to agriculture: a case study from Finland", "date": "1999", "keywords": "accounting; agriculture; c e; c u; consumption; development; e n; ecoefficiency; economy; energy; finland; flows; material; material flows; mfa; n c; n d; production; resources; tmr; u l; use", "summary": "When assessing the volumes of material flows, the use of natural resources caused by the domestic consumption abroad must also be accounted for. Material flows of the Finnish agriculture in 1970\u20131997 The present level and development trends in use of natural resources are described as a time se- ries extending from 1970 to 1997.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5638", "words": "7052", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "IKONEN, T.; RUOTTINEN, O.; SYV\u00c4OJA, E.-L.", "title": "Effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on yield and composition of Emmental cheese", "date": "1999", "keywords": "cheese; coagulation; content; group; herds; milk; n d; properties; yield", "summary": "Effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on yield and composition of Emmental cheese Tiina Ikonen, Outi Ruottinen Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: tiina.ikonen@helsinki.fi Eeva-Liisa Syv\u00e4oja, Kimmo Saarinen Valio Ltd., Research and Development, PO Box 10, FIN-00039 Valio, Finland Eero Pahkala Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Food Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Matti Ojala Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland The effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on cheese yield, and on composition of cheese and cheese whey was estimated using milks that were collected from two herd groups each consisting of 4 herds. The herd groups differed from one another in milk coagulation properties.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5639", "words": "9045", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "PIETOLA, L.; TANNI, R.; ELONEN, P.", "title": "Responses of yield and N use of spring sown crops to N fertilization, with special reference to the use of plant growth regulators", "date": "1999", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; fertilization; ha-1; n c; n d; pgr+; rates; u l; yield", "summary": "PGR use showed negative response to N yields (3 to 12 kg ha-1) at N rates of 30\u2013120 kg ha-1 in 1995, with the grain yield decrease. PGR use increased N yields only at the N rate of 120 kg ha-1, in 1994 (i.e., 3 kg ha-1 )", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5640", "words": "8788", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "HAKALA, K.; HELI\u00d6, R.; TUHKANEN, E.-M.", "title": "Photosynthesis and Rubisco kinetics in spring wheat and meadow fescue under conditions of simulated climate change with elevated CO2 and increased temperatures", "date": "1999", "keywords": "ambient; e n; fescue; leaves; meadow; n c; n d; photosynthesis; rubisco; wheat", "summary": "The substomatal cavi- ty concentration of CO 2 in wheat flag leaves was on average 75% (ambient temperatures) to 82% (elevated temperatures) and that of meadow fes- cue leaves 62% higher in eCO 2 than in aCO 2 (Fig. 4). The total activity of Rubisco in wheat flag leaves varied between 90 and 120 \u00b5mol CO 2 m-2s-1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5641", "words": "12188", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "LIND\u00c9N, L.; SEPP\u00c4NEN, M.; V\u00c4IN\u00d6L\u00c4, A.", "title": "Cold hardiness research on agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland", "date": "1999", "keywords": "acclimation; agricultural; breeding; c e; c u; cultivars; e n; field; finland; freezing; frost; hardiness; injury; n c; n d; plants; species; survival; tolerance; u l; winter", "summary": "Many have been lost due to cold winters and poor adaptation during subsequent years. The apple breeding program at MTT aimed at developing winter hardy cultivars, and five cultivars were released (S\u00e4k\u00f6 1985a).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5642", "words": "14716", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "PELTONEN, S.", "title": "Induced defence responses of cereals to pathogen attack", "date": "1999", "keywords": "cell; e n; et al; expression; gene; infection; journal; mosaic; n c; n d; plants; potato; potato virus; protein; ptgs; pvy; pvyo; resistance; rna; silencing; tobacco; transgenic; transgenic plants; virology; virus; virus resistance; viruses", "summary": "It is by no means a phenomenon limited or specific to transgenic plants express- ing resistance to PVY but is dealt with in this review because it provides a new and most like- ly broadly applicable concept for understanding the function of transgenic virus resistance and also natural, induced resistance to viruses in plants. Homology-dependent resistance: transgenic virus resistance in plants related to ho- mology-dependent gene-silencing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5643", "words": "14716", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "M\u00c4KI-VALKAMA, T.; VALKONEN, J.P.T", "title": "Pathogen derived resistance to Potato virus Y: mechanisms and risks", "date": "1999", "keywords": "cell; e n; et al; expression; gene; infection; journal; mosaic; n c; n d; plants; potato; potato virus; protein; ptgs; pvy; pvyo; resistance; rna; silencing; tobacco; transgenic; transgenic plants; virology; virus; virus resistance; viruses", "summary": "It is by no means a phenomenon limited or specific to transgenic plants express- ing resistance to PVY but is dealt with in this review because it provides a new and most like- ly broadly applicable concept for understanding the function of transgenic virus resistance and also natural, induced resistance to viruses in plants. Homology-dependent resistance: transgenic virus resistance in plants related to ho- mology-dependent gene-silencing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5644", "words": "8777", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "MANNINEN, M.; ARONEN, I.; HUHTA, H.", "title": "Effect of feeding level and diet type on the performance of crossbred suckler cows and their calves", "date": "2000", "keywords": "calf; calving; cows; diet; e n; effect; feeding; feeding level; level; n c; n d; performance; straw; urea", "summary": "Cow diet, feeding level or sex of the calf had no affect on the incidence of calving diffi- culty (Table 4). Urea-treated straw proved to be a suitable winter feed for spring calving suckler cows.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5645", "words": "5356", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "SANKARI, H.", "title": "Bast fibre content, fibre yield and fibre quality of different linseed genotypes", "date": "2000", "keywords": "bast; bor; content; fibre; flax; genotypes; helmi; linseed; stem; yield", "summary": "At the moment, only a limited amount of in- formation is available concerning the physical properties and processing of linseed fibres (Rei- jonen 1998). Use of linseed fibre is being considered for several products, but as yet our knowledge of the physical properties of linseed fibre is inade- quate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5646", "words": "4582", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "SUOJALA, T.", "title": "Growth of and partitioning between shoot and storage root of carrot in a northern climate", "date": "2000", "keywords": "e n; growth; leaf; n c; n d; root; shoot; weight", "summary": "Cultivars Hole et al. (1987) reported that cultivars with a high root yield tend to have high shoot weights. It would seem that partitioning to leaf production at an early stage, resulting in a high- er shoot to root ratio, ensures a potential for high biomass production and high root weight (Hole et al. 1987).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5647", "words": "5202", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "UUSITALO, R.; TUHKANEN, H.-R.", "title": "Phosphorus saturation of Finnish soils: evaluating an easy oxalate extraction method", "date": "2000", "keywords": "n c; n d; soils; sorption", "summary": "Even though AER cannot extract all P from Al and Fe oxide surfaces at low P saturation, P sorption by Al- QS and Fe-QS shaken in solutions containing 250 ppm P suggested fairly similar \u03b1 values for the soils studied: Al Fe P(250) sorption \u03b1 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014mmol/kg\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Al-QS 165 0 18.6 0.11 Fe-QS 0 62 8.4 0.14 There was no exchangeable or dissolved Ca present when Al-QS and Fe-QS were shaken in P solution. Soil inorganic P was characterised by sequentially extracting P from the fractions assumed to be connected to Al and Fe compounds and present as the stable apatitic form.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5648", "words": "3019", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "SIPPOLA, J.", "title": "Estimation of soil nitrate in the spring as a basis for adjustment of nitrogen fertiliser rates", "date": "2000", "keywords": "n c; n d; nitrate; nitrogen; soil; values", "summary": "Computer simu- lation of changes in soil nitrogen during under a crop of winter wheat. In Central Europe the so called Nmin-method is used to analyse soil mineral nitrogen and to adjust ni- trogen fertilisation accordingly (Wehrman and Scharpf 1979).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5649", "words": "2613", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "AALTONEN, M.-L.; HAGELIN, R.", "title": "Web-based reference databases and subject gateways to locate current research information in agricultural and food sciences - a Finnish perspective", "date": "2000", "keywords": "database; finland; finnish; food; information; n d; research", "summary": "Web technology databases have recently launched a further service that allows full text documents to be directly accessed from refer- ence lists. Key words: agricultural research, food research, publications, databases, current research informa- tion systems, subject gateways, Internet, information resources, Finland Current research information systems There has been considerable increase in the current research information systems (publica- tion, project and expert databases) in Finland during the last few years.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5650", "words": "5677", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "TANADA-PALMU, P.; HEL\u00c9N, H.; HYV\u00d6NEN, L.", "title": "Preparation, properties and applications of wheat gluten edible films", "date": "2000", "keywords": "e n; films; gluten; gly; n c; n d; water; wheat", "summary": "Key words: edible film, edible coatings, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, wheat gluten Introduction There has been considerable recent interest in edible films for foods (Kester and Fennema 1986, Guilbert 1986, Guilbert and Biquet 1989). Preparation, properties and applications of wheat gluten edible films Patricia Tanada-Palmu Department of Food Technology, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5651", "words": "6041", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "PET\u00c4J\u00c4, E.; MYLLYNIEMI, P.; PET\u00c4J\u00c4, P.", "title": "Use of inoculated lactic acid bacteria in fermenting sour cabbage", "date": "2000", "keywords": "acid; cabbage; days; fermentation; n c; n d; strain; yeast", "summary": "The nutrient broth culture count was 6.8 log cfu/ml; the aim count in the vegetable mixture was 3 log cfu/g. Grouping of sour cabbages The purpose was to examine how L. alimentar- ius and P. pentosaceus strain POHK ferment sour cabbage and the effect of these bacteria on the growth of yeast in sour cabbage. The pH value of experimental sour cabbage groups (1\u20136) during fermentation (0, 10 and 21 days) and storage (2, 3 and 5 months).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5652", "words": "3564", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "JEPPSON, N.; XIANGQUN, G.", "title": "Changes in the contents of kaempherol, quercetin and L-ascorbic acid in sea buckthorn berries during maturation", "date": "2000", "keywords": "acid; ascorbic; content; cultivars; n d; quercetin", "summary": "Thus, the decrease in ascorbic acid content in sea buckthorn berries during ripening could be a prerequisite for the ripening process. In addition, sea buckthorn fruits contain the flavonols isorhamnetin, kaempherol and quercetin (H\u00f6rhammer et al. 1966).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5653", "words": "9580", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "HUHTANEN, P.; AHVENJ\u00c4RVI, S.; HEIKKIL\u00c4, T.", "title": "Effects of sodium sulphate and potassium chloride fertilizers on the nutritive value of timothy grown on different soils", "date": "2000", "keywords": "e n; effects; n c; n d", "summary": "N Na K Ca Mg P S Gas volume \u20130.57** \u20130.48* 0.28 \u20130.38* \u20130.40* \u20130.27* \u20130.45* Rate (fast) \u20130.64*** \u20130.30 0.69*** \u20130.72*** \u20130.73*** \u20130.38* \u20130.71*** Rate (slow) 0.09 0.35o \u20130.10 \u20130.04 0.12 \u20130.04 0.07 Lag (fast) 0.71*** 0.51** \u20130.37o 0.47* 0.47* 0.50** 0.61*** Lag (slow) 0.15 0.29 \u20130.21 0.04 0.19 0.08 0.18 In situ pDMD 0.02 \u20130.08 0.25 \u20130.05 \u20130.19 \u20130.22 \u20130.06 In situ pNDFD 0.38* 0.13 \u20130.12 0.36o 0.20 0.36o 0.31 RDPDM1 \u20130.19 0.06 0.13 \u20130.18 \u20130.11 \u20130.29 \u20130.22 TRDMD2 \u20130.20 0.05 0.17 \u20130.16 \u20130.13 \u20130.32 \u20130.20 Significance of correlations: o (P<0.10), * (P<0.05), ** (P<0.01),*** (P<0.001) 1 RDPDM = rumen digestibility of potentially digestible DM 2 TRDMD = true rumen DM digestibility 114 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E I N F Na application had only marginal, but statisti- cally significant quadratic effects (P<0.01) on timothy K concentration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5654", "words": "7743", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "RINNE, M.; NYK\u00c4NEN, A.", "title": "Timing of primary growth harvest affects the yield and nutritive value of timothy-red clover mixtures", "date": "2000", "keywords": "clover; e n; growth; n c; n d; production; red; timothy; yield", "summary": "Timing of primary growth harvest affects the yield and nutritive value of timothy-red clover mixtures Marketta Rinne Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: marketta.rinne@mtt.fi Arja Nyk\u00e4nen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Resource Management Research, FIN-51900 Juva, Finland, e-mail: arja.nykanen@mtt.fi The effects of partition of growth time between primary growth and regrowth of perennial organically grown mixed (mainly timothy and red clover) leys were studied over two years in Juva, Finland. If the aim of forage production is to produce feed for intensive animal production, primary growths should be harvested early, because the poor qual- ity of primary growth influenced the quality of forage harvested across both growth periods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5655", "words": "5767", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "PAASIKALLIO, A.; SORMUNEN-CRISTIAN, R.; JAAKKOLA, S.", "title": "The effect of ammonium ferric hexacyanoferrate on reducing radiocaesium transfer from grass silage to sheep", "date": "2000", "keywords": "134cs; afcf; e n; effect; experiment; n c; n d; radiocaesium; sheep; silage; transfer", "summary": "Silage AFCF contents, as high as 500 mg kg-1, would not exceed recom- mended AFCF daily doses in sheep fed that si- lage 3 kg d-1. In experiment 2, linear and quadratic effects of AFCF treatment were studied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5656", "words": "4118", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "HANSEN, C.P.B; JEPPESEN, L.L", "title": "Short term behavioural consequences of denied access to environmental facilities in mink", "date": "2000", "keywords": "access; cage; mink; n c; n d; water", "summary": "Most stereotypies were found in the group in small cages with a dry basin. Layout of cage units.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5657", "words": "4179", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "HANSEN, C.P.B; JEPPESEN, L.L", "title": "Effects of blocking farm mink's feed access with open water", "date": "2000", "keywords": "access; cage; group; middle; mink; n d; tunnel; water", "summary": "The experiment then became a 2x2 experiment with two groups, dry (D) and water (W) and two access routes, tunnel (T) and middle cage (M), the latter being dry for the D group and containing the water filled basin for the W group. Half of the animals grew up with free access to swimming water in a basin, the other half to an empty middle cage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5658", "words": "6039", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "TUORILA, H.", "title": "Pressure to change and resistance against it: consumer perceptions and acceptance of nutritionally modified foods", "date": "2000", "keywords": "acceptance; consumer; e n; fat; foods; information; n c; n d; tuorila", "summary": "Moreover, consumer acceptance work may focus on con- textual factors in food acceptance, such as the effect of product information or the momentary hunger or satiety of an individual. The present review addresses sensory and hedonic characteristics in such foods, focus- ing on Finnish research around the issue.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5659", "words": "5440", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "XUE, T.; HARTIKAINEN, H.", "title": "Association of antioxidative enzymes with the synergistic effect of selenium and UV irradiation in enhancing plant growth", "date": "2000", "keywords": "cat; effect; gsh; irradiation; light; n d; plant", "summary": "Results As expected, the effect of added Se and UV irra- diation on FW yields (Table 1) followed the same patterns reported previously for DW (Har- tikainen and Xue 1999). Without added Se, UV ir- radiation did not affect the growth of ryegrass but diminished the lettuce yield.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5660", "words": "8226", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "SORMUNEN-CRISTIAN, R.; JAUHIAINEN, L.", "title": "Feeding levels during the growing phase affect the production of primiparous Finnish Landrace ewes", "date": "2000", "keywords": "diet; e n; ewe; ewes; lambs; milk; n c; n d; protein", "summary": "Excluding ewe lambs on L diet, mating was successful. In several studies, ewe lambs reared on a low level showed delayed onset of oestrus or totally failed to exhibit oestrus in the first year mailto:riitta.sormunen-cristian@mtt.fi 188 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E I N F I N", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5661", "words": "8312", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "LEMOLA, R.; TURTOLA, E.; ERIKSSON, C.", "title": "Undersowing Italian ryegrass diminishes nitrogen leaching from spring barley", "date": "2000", "keywords": "barley; catch; clay; crop; leaching; n c; n d; ryegrass; sand; soil; spring; tillage; undersowing", "summary": "Soil type Treatment N uptake Tot-N leaching kg ha-1y-1 kg ha-1y-1 Grain Straw Ryegrass Total Clay U 0 75.7 20.6 96.3 12.1 U 1 71.2 19.4 10.3 100.9 5.7 U 0 \u2013U 1 4.5 1.2 -4.6 6.4 Silt U 0 78.3 20.3 98.5 7.0 U 1 72.4 18.0 15.6 106.1 4.5 U 0 \u2013U 1 5.9 2.3 -7.6 2.5 Sand U 0 77.2 20.3 97.5 25.6 U1 73.9 18.6 18.6 111.1 9.1 U 0 \u2013U 1 3.3 1.7 -13.6 16.5 Peat U 0 104.6 29.7 134.2 30.8 U1 94.8 26.0 24.7 145.6 22.0 U 0 \u2013U 1 9.8 3.7 -11.4 8.8 211 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C In the present experi- ment, the after-effect period was too short to al- low discovery of long-term effects of undersow- ing on N leaching.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5662", "words": "2406", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "JANSSON, H.; M\u00c4NTYLAHTI, V.; N\u00c4RV\u00c4NEN, A.", "title": "Phosphorus content of ditch sediments as indicator of critical source areas (Research Note)", "date": "2000", "keywords": "n d; sediment; water", "summary": "We compared the extractable P in ditch sediment with the P concentration in ditch water during high flow periods in areas of different land use by assuming that the sediment gradually equili- brates with the water running in the ditch. Dissolved reactive P in ditch water as a function of phos- phorus extracted with ammonium acetate in ditch sediments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5663", "words": "3616", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "SIMOJOKI, A.", "title": "Calibration of a desktop scanner and digital image analysis procedure for quantification of root morphology", "date": "2000", "keywords": "analysis; length; n c; n d; roots", "summary": "When the scanned images of root samples were later ex- amined by eye, it was noticed that staining ob- viously did not make the roots opaque, as at high brightness the roots were not completely digi- tized. Dry mass of root samples before and after preserva- tion in ethanol solution (an outlier is denoted with +).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5664", "words": "4159", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "GUO, Y.-D.; NIEMEL\u00c4, T.; TULISALO, U.", "title": "Maintenance of male sterile germplasm in Brassica rapa by in vitro propagation", "date": "2000", "keywords": "brassica; callus; explants; l-1; male; n d; shoot", "summary": "Maintenance of male sterile germplasm in Brassica rapa by in vitro propagation Yang-Dong Guo Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland, e-mail: yaguo@utu.fi Tarja Niemel\u00e4, Unto Tulisalo Mildola Ltd, Anttila Research Farm, Anttilantie 30, FIN-04300 Tuusula, Finland Seppo Pulli Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland An efficient tissue culture system for plant regeneration, from mature cut branches, was established to maintain male sterile material in Brassica rapa L. The immature pods gave the best re- sults for callus induction and plant regeneration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5665", "words": "7432", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "SAHRAMAA, M.; H\u00d6MM\u00d6, L.", "title": "Seed production characters and germination performance of reed canary grass in Finland", "date": "2000", "keywords": "canary; e n; germination; grass; n c; n d; production; reed; seed; yield", "summary": "In an additional experiment, the effect of storage temperature and storage time on seed germination were investigated for \u2018Venture\u2019. I N L A N D Vol. 9 (2000): 239\u2013251. high thousand seed weight (0.93\u20131.04 g) and seed germination (74\u201391%).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5666", "words": "2534", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "VARIS, A.-L.", "title": "Influence of changes in crop cultivation areas on pollen contents of honey (Research Note)", "date": "2000", "keywords": "crops; finland; honey; n d; pollen", "summary": "The most common pollen type was Brassicaceae pollen, which was represented by 60% of the grains counted. In 1937 Brassica oilseed crops were not grown in Finland, and Brassicaceae pollen was not found in honey.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5667", "words": "4552", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "KYM\u00c4L\u00c4INEN, H.-R.; PASILA, A.", "title": "Equilibrium moisture content of flax/linseed and fibre hemp straw fractions", "date": "2000", "keywords": "air; e n; moisture; n c; n d; shive", "summary": "Equilibrium moisture content of flax/linseed and fibre hemp straw fractions Hanna-Riitta Kym\u00e4l\u00e4inen and Antti Pasila Department of Agricultural Engineering and Household Technology, PO Box 27 (Viikki F), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: hanna-riitta.kymalainen@helsinki.fi This preliminary study of the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of bast fibre plants (Linum usita- tissimum L. and Cannabis sativa L.) examines three fractions, fibre, fine shive and coarse shive. sample replicate moisture content % (d.b.)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5668", "words": "4845", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "L\u00d6TJ\u00d6NEN, T.; MIKKOLA, H. J.", "title": "Three mechanical weed control techniques in spring cereals", "date": "2000", "keywords": "control; hoeing; n c; n d; row; soil; weed", "summary": "Although inter-row hoeing seems to be a fairly effective method for weed control, it may be difficult to compensate for the yield loss due to the increase in row spacing. Weed control 12.5 Non-weeded 12.5 Chemical control 12.5 Spring tine harrow 12.5 Rotary hoe 18 Row hoe 25 Non-weeded 25 Row hoe Table 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5669", "words": "5284", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "BARTISH, G.I.; JEPPSSON, N.; BARTISH, I.V.", "title": "Assessment of genetic diversity using RAPD analysis in a germplasm collection of sea buckthorn", "date": "2000", "keywords": "cultivar; e n; mongolica; n c; n d; rapd; rhamnoides; russia; ssp", "summary": "We used this new matrix as an input distance matrix for an Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMO- VA), as in Excoffier et al. (1992) and Huff et al. (1993), for partitioning the genetic variance into components within and among plant groups and for testing the significance of the estimates ob- tained. In addition, a representative sample of all pres- ently recognized taxa in the genus Hippophae has been subjected to a phenetic analysis using RAPD markers (Bartish et al. 2000).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5670", "words": "6890", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "MOKMA, D.L.; YLI-HALLA, M.; HARTIKAINEN, H.", "title": "Soils in a young landscape on the coast of southern Finland", "date": "2000", "keywords": "10yr; 7.5yr; c2p; e n; fao; finland; helsinki; n c; n d; pedons; soil", "summary": "The occurrence of soils formally meeting the crite- ria of Mollisols has not been systematically sur- veyed in Finland but mollic epipedons seem to occur mostly in cultivated soils which have sandy plow layers (Yli-Halla et al. 2000). Particularly on the basis of the results of citric acid extractable P in the subsoil of the non-cultivated pedon 8, we can assume that citric acid also dissolves native P and may not be suitable for identifying anthropogenic P inputs in soils rich in apatitic P. Furthermore, when the fields of the research farm had been tested in 1999, the P concentrations extracted from the Ap horizons with an acid ammonium acetate solution ranged from 10.1 to 17.0 mg dm-3 of soil in samples collected around pedons 2, 4, 6, and 7 (the field around pedon 3 was not tested).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5671", "words": "8405", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "SIMOJOKI, A.", "title": "Responses of soil respiration and barley growth to modified supply of oxygen in the soil", "date": "2000", "keywords": "air; e n; growth; n c; n d; oxygen; plant; roots; soil; soil air; water", "summary": "Responses of soil respiration and barley growth to modified supply of oxygen in the soil Asko Simojoki Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: asko.simojoki@helsinki.fi Roots of dry-land plants are supplied with oxygen mainly by molecular diffusion from soil air. The strong correlation between ODR measurements and plant performance (Glinski and St\u00e9pniewski 1985) emphasizes the impor- tance of an adequate diffusive flux of oxygen from soil air to plant roots.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5672", "words": "6598", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "PIETOLA, L.; SALO, T.", "title": "Response of P, K, Mg and NO 3 -N contents of carrots to irrigation, soil compaction, and nitrogen fertilisation", "date": "2000", "keywords": "compaction; contents; ha-1; irrigation; n d; soil", "summary": "In loam (pH H2O 6.8), soil P content, analysed in acid ammonium acetate (pH 4.65) (Vuorinen and M\u00e4kitie 1955), was very high (80 mg dm-3) in 0\u2013 25 cm soil depth and 20 mg dm-3 in 25\u201350 cm, decreasing to 70 and 6 mg dm-3, respectively, by the end of the experiment. Soil N contents were not de- termined.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5673", "words": "8778", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "ERSTAD, K.-J.; KONOVALOV, N.Y.; PUTRO, J.", "title": "Reactivity of silicate liming materials from Northern Europe assessed by Soil Incubation and two pH Stat methods", "date": "2000", "keywords": "bof; c e; calcite; e n; liming; materials; merox; method; n c; n d; rauta; slags; soil", "summary": "The method was an automatic potentiometric titration, where each sample of liming material was leached for 24 hours in a water suspension, while pH was constantly kept at 5.0 by adding 0.4 M nitric acid (HNO 3 ) into the titration vessel, as soon as the pH of the solution tended to rise. The pro- cedure SUMMARY was used to calculate the conversion factors (convf n ) fraction by fraction applying different methods to determine the re- activity of liming materials.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5674", "words": "9286", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "MANNINEN, M.; HUHTA, H.", "title": "Influence of pre partum and post partum plane of nutrition on the performance of crossbred suckler cows and their progeny", "date": "2001", "keywords": "calf; calving; cows; e n; feeding; level; milk; n c; n d; partum; performance; post; pre; production", "summary": "On feeding level M cows had a daily intake of 9.1 and 10.4 kg DM during periods P1 and P2, respectively. During indoor feeding cows receiving a lower level of feeding lost more (P<0.05) condition (\u20130.67 vs.\u20130.09 for L and M, respectively).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5675", "words": "4803", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "VALAJA, J.; PERTTIL\u00c4, S.; PARTANEN, K.", "title": "Effect of two microbial phytase preparations on phosphorus utilisation in broilers fed maize-soybean meal based diets", "date": "2001", "keywords": "aspergillus; diet; digestibility; et al; meal; phytase; soybean", "summary": "Four dietary treatments consisted of a positive control supplemented with dicalcium phosphate (17 g/kg), a negative control without inorganic P, basal diet without inorganic P supplemented with Aspergillus niger phytase (2.6 g/kg) and basal diet without inorganic P supple- mented with Trichoderma reesei phytase (0.13 g/kg). The experiment was conducted as a ran- domised block design with four experimental treatments: 1. maize-soybean meal diet supple- mented with dicalcium phosphate (positive con- trol), 2. maize-soybean meal diet without inor- ganic P supplementation (negative control), 3. maize-soybean meal diet without inorganic P supplemented with Aspergillus niger phytase (750 PU (phytase units)/kg feed) and 4. maize- soybean meal diet with inorganic P supplement- ed with Trichoderma reesei phytase (750 PU/kg feed).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5676", "words": "3450", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "RUUSUNEN, M.; S\u00c4RKK\u00c4-TIRKKONEN, M.; PUOLANNE, E.", "title": "Saltiness of coarsely ground cooked ham with reduced salt content", "date": "2001", "keywords": "content; food; hams; meat; nacl; salt; saltiness", "summary": "Saltiness of coarsely ground cooked ham with reduced salt content Marita Ruusunen Department of Food Technology, PO Box 27 (Viikki E), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: marita.ruusunen@helsinki.fi Marjo S\u00e4rkk\u00e4-Tirkkonen Mikkeli Institute for Rural Research and Training, L\u00f6nnrotinkatu 3\u20135, FIN-50100 Mikkeli, Finland Eero Puolanne Department of Food Technology, PO Box 27 (Viikki E), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland The aim of this study was to examine how much the salt content of cooked ham can be reduced without a significant effect on sensory saltiness.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5677", "words": "5719", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "YLI-HALLA, M.; MOKMA, D. L.", "title": "Soils in an agricultural landscape of Jokioinen, south-western Finland", "date": "2001", "keywords": "10yr; e n; fao; horizon; jokioinen; n c; n d; soil; system", "summary": "Clayey soils The clayey lacustrine sediments dominate the cultivated land. Owing to the absence of the gleyic color pattern in clayey soils, it can be concluded that these cultivated soils would have cambic horizons even if there were no hu- man influence, as opposed to the clayey soils in Helsinki (Mokma et al. 2000) which are young- er and have a lower topographic position.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5678", "words": "4698", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "SIMOJOKI, A.", "title": "Morphological responses of barley roots to soil compaction and modified supply of oxygen", "date": "2001", "keywords": "barley; compaction; growth; n c; n d; roots; soil", "summary": "In the open pots on the contrary, root growth was unimped- ed, and thus the greater proportion of thick ad- ventitious roots in the uppermost soil layer may explain why no differences in root width between the soil depths were observed (Fig. 1, Table 2). However, in loose moist soil hypoxia prevented root growth, but did not change root morphology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5679", "words": "3252", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "HARTIKAINEN, H.; PIETOLA, L.; SIMOJOKI, A.", "title": "Quantification of fine root responses to selenium toxicity", "date": "2001", "keywords": "length; lettuce; root; ryegrass", "summary": "As lettuce roots in soil without Se addition (control) became older, their width increased whereas their specific length, specific surface area and specific volume decreased. Ryegrass roots were not as sensitive to added Se as lettuce roots; a lower dosage stimulated root growth but a higher one reduced it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5680", "words": "3091", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "DONCHEVA, S.; VASSILEVA, V.; IGNATOV, G.", "title": "Influence of nitrogen deficiency on photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure of pepper plants (Research Note)", "date": "2001", "keywords": "chloroplast; leaf; nitrogen; plants", "summary": "Total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, the chlorophyll a/b ratio and the photosynthetic efficiency, indicated by the rate of CO 2 assimilation, were significantly lower in leaves of nitrogen deficient plants compared with the control (Table 1). Morphometric analysis showed that the cross sectional area of the con- trol plant chloroplasts was smaller, but the chlo- roplast length, the number of grana per chloro- plast and the number of thylakoids per granum were higher with respect to N-deficient plant chloroplasts (Table 1).The proportion of stroma matrix of the chloroplasts cross section occupied by starch inclusions and plastoglobules was in- creased in nitrogen deficient plants (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5681", "words": "3640", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "CZEMBOR, J.H.", "title": "Resistance to powdery mildew in selections from barley landraces collected in Greece", "date": "2001", "keywords": "e n; ergosterol; mycorrhizal; n c; n d; roots", "summary": "Saponification with 60% KOH released root ergosterol in free form, which was then extracted with pentane. Roots were excavated from 0\u201320 centimetres depth with a small scoop, highbush blueberry roots being collected only from the part of the plant that faces south.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5682", "words": "6201", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "SLAFER, G. A.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.", "title": "Yield trends of temperate cereals in high latitude countries from 1940 to 1998", "date": "2001", "keywords": "cereals; e n; gains; n c; n d; slafer; trends; wheat; yield", "summary": "Yield gains in absolute and relative terms were calculated for comparison among countries and cereals. Wheat also showed a bilinear trend with only limited yield gains until the 1960s, followed by a more than 3-fold increase in rate of yield gain from then on (16 and 40 kg ha\u20131 y\u20131, respectively).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5683", "words": "3640", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "KASURINEN, A.; HOLOPAINEN, T.; ANTTONEN, S.", "title": "Mycorrhizal colonisation of highbush blueberry and its native relatives in central Finland", "date": "2001", "keywords": "e n; ergosterol; mycorrhizal; n c; n d; roots", "summary": "Saponification with 60% KOH released root ergosterol in free form, which was then extracted with pentane. Roots were excavated from 0\u201320 centimetres depth with a small scoop, highbush blueberry roots being collected only from the part of the plant that faces south.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5684", "words": "6752", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "RANKINEN, K.; TATTARI, S.; REKOLAINEN, S.", "title": "Modelling of vegetative filter strips in catchment scale erosion control", "date": "2001", "keywords": "areas; catchment; e n; erosion; field; filter; model; n c; n d; soil; strips; vfs", "summary": "Typically, on broad fields (with a large erodible area) and on narrower but very steep fields the filter strips were \u201chighly necessary\u201d, whereas on moderately steep, easily erodible or flooded fields filter strips were classified as \u201cnec- essary\u201d. The results of this study dem- onstrated that vegetative filter strips may be ef- fective in erosion control in catchments, but that the greatest advantage can be achieved in areas with a high proportion of erosion risk areas, such as high-slope fields neighbouring open ditches and rivers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5685", "words": "4267", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "KORHOHEN, H.; NIEMEL\u00c4, P.; SIIRIL\u00c4, P.", "title": "Temperament and reproductive performance in farmed sable", "date": "2001", "keywords": "females; mink; n c; n d; sable; temperament", "summary": "Whelping result was poorer in aggres- sive (0.2 \u00b1 0.2 kits per breeding female; 2.5 \u00b1 0.5 kits per whelped female) than in curious (1.2 \u00b1 0.2; 3.1 \u00b1 0.2) and fearful females (1.0 \u00b1 0.3; 3.5 \u00b10.4). Breedings of fearful females were completed first, i.e. during week 6.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5686", "words": "5563", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "KOSUTIC, S.; FILIPOVIC, D.; GOSPODARIC, Z.", "title": "Maize and winter wheat production with different soil tillage systems on silty loam", "date": "2001", "keywords": "ha\u20131; maize; n d; soil; system; tillage; wheat; winter; yield", "summary": "Soil tillage systems in maize and winter wheat production sity of the soil engagement and inversion of the soil with a mouldboard plough as characteristic implement. Soil tillage systems in maize and winter wheat production form for whole experimental field in both ex- perimental years.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-56862", "words": "7481", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Garcia-Lopez, Ana Maria; Delgado, Antonio", "title": "Effect of Bacillus subtilis on phosphorus uptake by cucumber as affected by iron oxides and the solubility of the phosphorus source", "date": "2016", "keywords": "bacillus; delgado; et al; growth; medium; phosphorus; plants; soil; subtilis; total; uptake", "summary": "Overall, QST713 increased P uptake by 40 %, the effect being independent of the presence of ferrihydrite and P source. Significant interactions between ferrihydrite enrichment and P source were observed for total P content in shoots, P uptake, and total Fe and total dry matter in shoots (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-56867", "words": "11771", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Del Bubba, Massimo; Giordani, Edgardo; Ancillotti, Claudia; Petrucci, William Antonio; Ciofi, Lorenzo; Morelli, Daniele; Marinelli, Cristian; Checchini, Leonardo; Furlanetto, Sandra", "title": "Morphological, nutraceutical and sensorial properties of cultivated Fragaria vesca L. berries: influence of genotype, plant age, fertilization treatment on the overall fruit quality", "date": "2016", "keywords": "2013; acid; alp; berries; del; doumett; emt; et al; food; fragaria; fruits; n.d; plant; quality; rdv; samples; tft; values; vesca", "summary": "Mean concentrations of citric acid determined in F. vesca berries resulted similar or higher than those found for Fragaria x ananassa fruits (Perez et al. 1997, Basson et al. 2010, Crespo et al. 2010, Doumett et al. 2011); a similar trend was also ob- served for malic acid (Perez et al. Conversely, total vitamin C in F. vesca was found to be 30\u201370% lower than in Fragaria x ananassa (Aaby et al. 2007, Corral-Aguayo et al. 2008, Basson et al. 2010, Crespo et al. 2010, Doumett et al. 2011).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5687", "words": "5497", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "JALONOJA, K.; PIETOLA, K.", "title": "Whole sales market for fresh potatoes in Finland", "date": "2001", "keywords": "e n; market; marketing; n c; n d; potato; price", "summary": "Within a marketing season, the volatility of potato prices is expected to increase with time because the supply for potatoes is expected to get more inelastic towards the end of the mar- keting season (Fig. 2). The econometric model Conditional mean The conditional mean process is constructed as an autoregressive, AR(k), model for logarithms of potato producer prices (ln p t ) with k denoting the number of lagged prices in the model.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5688", "words": "3938", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "KESKITALO, M.", "title": "Can protoplast production from in vitro cultured shoots of Tanacetum vary during the season?", "date": "2001", "keywords": "light; n d; plant; protoplasts; pyrethrum; tanacetum; tansy", "summary": "However, there have been relatively few studies on the effects of light on donor tissues used for protoplast isolation (Zhao et al. 1995, Geng-Guang 1996). Previous results indicated that even if the procedure during protoplast isolation was the same, the number of isolated protoplasts varied considerably.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5689", "words": "6654", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "SALONEN, J.; HYV\u00d6NEN, T.; JALLI, H.", "title": "Weed flora in organically grown spring cereals in Finland", "date": "2001", "keywords": "crop; e n; fields; finland; n c; n d; species; weed", "summary": "A common observation is that organic farming preserves biodiversity since the number of weed species, weed density and the biomass production of weeds are higher than in conven- tionally cropped fields, which are typically treat- ed with herbicides. Frequencies (%) of weed species by region.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5690", "words": "6397", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "SEPP\u00c4NEN, M.M.; NISSINEN, O.; PER\u00c4L\u00c4, S.", "title": "Freezing and low temperature photoinhibition tolerance in cultivated potato and potato hybrids", "date": "2001", "keywords": "freezing; frost; injury; light; n c; n d; potato; temperature; tolerance", "summary": "In field experiments the mechanism of frost injury varied according to the severity of night frosts. As a result, frost injury developed slowly, indicating that damage occurred to the photosynthetic apparatus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5691", "words": "6538", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; RAJALA, A.", "title": "Chlormequat chloride and ethephon affect growth and yield formation of conventional, naked and dwarf oat", "date": "2001", "keywords": "c c; ccc; grain; growth; n c; n d; oat; peltonen; plant; yield", "summary": "Increased grain yield attributable to CCC application resulted from more panicles per square meter and higher contribution of tillers to grain yield. No lodging occurred and the recorded increase in grain yield of CCC treated plants was not therefore due to prevention of lodging.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5692", "words": "12731", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "LAURILA, H.", "title": "Simulation of spring wheat responses to elevated CO2 and temperature by using CERES-wheat crop model", "date": "2001", "keywords": "ambient; conditions; grain; grain yield; ha\u20131; mean; model; n c; n d; potential; sowing; temperature; wheat; yield", "summary": "CO 2 = CO 2 concentration (ppm), D TEMP = temperature change (\u00b0C), SOW = earlier sowing (d) before reference sowing date (15 May), O YIELD = observed mean grain yield (t ha\u20131), PO YIELD = observed grain yield change (%) from the observed mean reference, S YIELD = simulated grain yield estimate (t ha\u20131), PS YIELD = simulated grain yield change (%) from the simulated mean reference, D YIELD = difference between observed and simulated yield (t ha\u20131), D DIF = simulated grain yield difference (%) from the observed, SE = standard error of the mean (1992\u20131994). CO 2 = CO 2 concentration (ppm), D TEMP = temperature change (\u00b0C), SE = standard error of the mean in observed and simulated values (1992\u20131994), O YIELD = grain yield change (%) from the observed mean reference (350 ppm/0\u00b0C), SP YIELD = grain yield change (%) from the simulated mean reference (potential), DP YIELD = difference (t ha\u20131) between observed and simulated grain yield (potential), PP YIELD = simulated grain yield difference (%) from the observed (potential), SN YIELD = grain yield change (%) from the simulated mean reference (non-potential), DN YIELD = difference (t ha\u20131) between observed and simulated grain yield (non-potential), NP YIELD = simulated grain yield difference (%) from the observed (non-potential).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5693", "words": "7668", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "K\u00c4NK\u00c4NEN, H.; ERIKSSON, C.; R\u00c4KK\u00d6L\u00c4INEN, M.", "title": "Effect of annually repeated undersowing on cereal grain yields", "date": "2001", "keywords": "cereal; clover; crop; effect; grain; ha\u20131; n d; red; ryegrass; soil; undersowing; yield", "summary": "The residual effect of undersowing wester- wold ryegrass on crop yields was negligible in both successive years. Effect of annually repeated undersowing on cereal grain yields Hannu K\u00e4nk\u00e4nen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: hannu.kankanen@mtt.fi Christian Eriksson MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Data and Information Services, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Mauri R\u00e4kk\u00f6l\u00e4inen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Laukaa Research and Elite Plant Station, FIN-41330 Vihtavuori, Finland Martti Vuorinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, H\u00e4me Research Station, FIN-36600 P\u00e4lk\u00e4ne, Finland Cover crops can be used to reduce leaching and erosion, introduce variability into crop rotation and fix nitrogen (N) for use by the main crops.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5694", "words": "3545", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "PAHKALA, K.; SANKARI, H.", "title": "Seed loss as a result of pod shatter in spring rape and spring turnip rape in Finland", "date": "2001", "keywords": "n d; rape; seeds; spring; turnip", "summary": "The greatest number of spring turnip rape seeds was shed in 1988. In 1989, only 3.1 kg turnip rape seeds ha\u20131 (0.1% of total seed yield of 2110 kg ha\u20131) was lost before the optimal harvest date (11 Septem- ber) (Fig. 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5695", "words": "2313", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "HANNUKKALA, A.", "title": "The effect of storage ageing and spring sprouting of seed tubers on the yield of three potato varieties in the Finnish Lapland", "date": "2001", "keywords": "ageing", "summary": "The effect of storage ageing on the emergence, stem and tuber number and tuber yield of potato at the MTT Lapland Research Station in Rovaniemi 1996\u20131997. Variety Sprouting Storage ageing Emergence 50 % Stem number/ Research Note The effect of storage ageing and spring sprouting of seed tubers on the yield of three potato varieties in the Finnish Lapland Antti Hannukkala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Lapland Research Station, Tutkijantie 28, FIN-96900 Saarenkyl\u00e4, Finland, e-mail: antti.hannukkala@mtt.fi The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of storage ageing on the emergence, stem and tuber number and yield of potato grown at the MTT Lapland Research Station in Rovaniemi in the Arctic Circle (66\u00b035\u2019N).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5696", "words": "3849", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "KIRKKARI, A-M.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; RITA, H.", "title": "Reducing grain damage in naked oat through gentle harvesting", "date": "2001", "keywords": "content; germination; grain; moisture; n d; oat", "summary": "In the United Kingdom, it is advised that na- ked oat be threshed at grain moisture contents of less than 20% to prevent damage (Hayes 1992). To guarantee variation in grain moisture content, several rounds of threshing were carried out, including both morning threshing (aiming at the highest possible moisture content after night) and afternoon threshing (aiming at the lowest possi- ble moisture content).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5697", "words": "11411", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "IBRAHIM, M.A.; KAINULAINEN, P.; AFLATUNI, A.", "title": "Insecticidal, repellent, antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity of essential oils: With special reference to limonene and its suitability for control of insect pests", "date": "2001", "keywords": "activity; c e; c u; chemical; compounds; control; e n; ecology; effects; et al; insect; journal; l t; limonene; monoterpenes; n c; n d; oil; oils; pest; pine; plant; u l", "summary": "Our preliminary ob- servations suggest that cabbage and carrot seed- lings are sensitive to limonene at the concentra- tion of 9% (Ibrahim et al., unpublished results). Acute toxicity of 34 naturally oc- curring monoterpenes were evaluated against T. urticae and most of the monoterpenes were lethal to the mite at high concentrations; carvo- menthenol and terpinen-4-ol were especially ef- fective (Lee et al. 1997).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5698", "words": "3845", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "HOLOPAINEN, J.K.; RAISKIO, S.; WULFF, A.", "title": "Blue sticky traps are more efficient for the monitoring of Lygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera: Miridae) than yellow sticky traps", "date": "2001", "keywords": "blue; lygus; n d; rugulipennis; traps", "summary": "Asterisks above blue trap catches indicate significant (P < 0.05) difference from yellow trap catches. Blue sticky traps are more efficient for the monitoring of Lygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera, Miridae) than yellow sticky traps Jarmo K. Holopainen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Plant Protection, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5699", "words": "10419", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "HELENIUS, J.K.; HOLOPAINEN, J.K.; HUUSELA-VEISTOLA, E.", "title": "Ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) diversity in Finnish arable land", "date": "2001", "keywords": "c e; c u; data; diversity; e n; fields; finland; helenius; n c; n d; sets; species; u l; viikki", "summary": "(SD standard deviation) Sub-set of data field crop E(S) Shannon-Wiener H\u2019 diversity index was typically around 2.5 and expected species number rarefied to 600 trapped individuals was typically around 30 species.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5701", "words": "9374", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "PARTANEN, K.; VALAJA, J.; JALAVA, T.", "title": "Composition, ileal amino acid digestibility and nutritive value of organically grown legume seeds and conventional rapeseed cakes for pigs", "date": "2001", "keywords": "acid; amino; beans; content; cultivars; digestibility; field; ileal; n c; n d; peas; protein; rapeseed; seeds", "summary": "\u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received April 2001 Composition, ileal amino acid digestibility and nutritive value of organically grown legume seeds and conventional rapeseed cakes for pigs Kirsi Partanen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Pigs, Tervam\u00e4entie 179, FIN-05840 Hyvink\u00e4\u00e4, Finland, e-mail: kirsi.partanen@mtt.fi Jarmo Valaja, Taina Jalava MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Animal Nutrition, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Hilkka Siljander-Rasi MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Pigs, Tervam\u00e4entie 179, FIN-05840 Hyvink\u00e4\u00e4, Finland Eight white-flowered pea (Pisum sativum) and two white-flowered field bean (Vicia faba) cultivars grown organically were analysed for proximate composition and amino acid content. The greatest differences in ileal amino acid digestibility oc- curred for methionine and cystine.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5702", "words": "7417", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "NIEMEL\u00c4INEN, O.; KONTTURI, M.; JAUHIAINEN, L.", "title": "Estimated metabolizable energy yields of perennial and annual grass swards compared with those of spring barley and oat", "date": "2001", "keywords": "barley; feed; grain; grass; mey; n d; oat; production; silage; study; wccs; yield", "summary": "This difference, which inflates cereal yields by 9% in comparison with grass yields, is based on the observation that grasses can com- pletely utilize the 0.25 m space between plots while the erect cereals can only partially utilize the space. Perennial grass sward was the most productive of the studied crops in metabolizable energy production for ruminants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5703", "words": "5963", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "NIEMI, J.K.; PIETOLA, K.", "title": "Land use response to agricultural policy and market movement on Finnish dairy-farms", "date": "2001", "keywords": "area; concentrates; farm; feed; land; milk; n d; price; subsidy; supply", "summary": "Under the quota system, milk prices are not sufficient instruments to control for milk sup- ply. Milk price is the farm gate price such that it includes all price subsi- dies and other price adjustments affecting the price paid for farmers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5704", "words": "5851", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "SUOJALA, T.", "title": "Effect of harvest time on storage loss and sprouting in onion", "date": "2001", "keywords": "harvest; loss; n d; onions; sprouting; storage; time; total", "summary": "Statistical analysis Response variables were the percentages of weight loss, total storage loss, rooted onions and diseased onions during cold storage and in shelf life tests and the percentage of sprouted onions in shelf life tests at each time of analysis. This paper presents only the test results for total storage loss and total loss and sprouted onions in shelf life tests, since they contain the most important information given by the data.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5705", "words": "13269", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "SALONEN, J.; HYV\u00d6NEN, T.; JALLI, H.", "title": "Weeds in spring cereal fields in Finland - a third survey", "date": "2001", "keywords": "arvensis; average; biomass; cereal; e n; fields; finland; n c; n d; number; production; regions; repens; species; spp; spring; survey; table; total; weed; weed species", "summary": "Frequencies (%) of weed species by region. The diversity of weed species was described by species richness and evenness.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5706", "words": "7770", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "YRJ\u00d6L\u00c4, T.; KOLA, J.", "title": "Cost-benefit analysis of multifunctional agriculture in Finland", "date": "2001", "keywords": "agriculture; analysis; benefit; costs; e n; finland; n c; n d; price; production; support; welfare", "summary": "The effects of the decline in agricultural support on multi- functional characteristics of agriculture in Finland are estimated using the cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Apparently, there is a need to find new reasoning and con- tents for agricultural support, preferably based on widely approved objectives.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5707", "words": "49520", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "SAIJONKARI-PAHKALA, K.", "title": "Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper", "date": "2001", "keywords": "application; application rate; biomass; c e; c u; canary grass; clay; content; crop; crude; d vol; dm content; dm yield; e n; effect; et al; fertilizer; fertilizer application; fescue; fibre; fibre content; g r; grass pulp; ha-1; harvest; harvest timing; jokioinen; june; l t; leaf; material; matter; means; mineral; mineral content; n c; n d; n rate; number; pahkala; paper; plant; plant material; production; proportion; pulp; pulp yield; pulping; reed canary; row; seed; soil; spacing; species; spring; spring harvest; stems; table; u l; wood; year; yield", "summary": "Non-wood plant fibres can be divided into several groups depending on the location of the fibres in the plant. Non-wood plant fibres, will there be a comeback in paper-making?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5708", "words": "5497", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "PIHAMAA, P.; PIETOLA, K.", "title": "Optimal beef cattle management under agricultural policy reforms in Finland", "date": "2002", "keywords": "beef; c e; e n; n c; n d; silage; subsidy; weight", "summary": "The goal of the third simulation is to get information on how animal subsidies could be used in strength- ening the supply for domestic beef and how ef- ficient they are in increasing farmer income. The performance of the subsidy programs combined with low beef prices and high forage production costs raises at least two important questions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5709", "words": "6553", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "RICKERTSEN, K.; GUSTAVSEN, G.V", "title": "Fluid milk consumption and demand response to advertising for non-alcoholic beverages", "date": "2002", "keywords": "advertising; beverages; demand; milk; n c; n d", "summary": "If substitution is important, the effects of milk advertising are better studied in a model incorporating advertising for other close substitutes. As argued above, the consumer price is set by the government and fixed and there are no induced price effects of milk advertising.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5710", "words": "6689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "AHOLA, L.; HARRI, M.; MONONEN, J.", "title": "Effects of group size and early handling on some behavioural and physiological welfare parameters in farmed blue foxes", "date": "2002", "keywords": "animal; behaviour; blue; cubs; foxes; group; handling; n c; n d; size", "summary": "It can be concluded that group housing, pos- sibly even without intensive early handling of the animals, might be considered as an alterna- tive way of housing farmed blue fox cubs. Development of the body mass (kg) in blue fox cubs in four experimental groups.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5711", "words": "7501", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "KOSKIAHO, J.; KIVISAARI, S.; VERMEULEN, S.", "title": "Reduced tillage: Influence on erosion and nutrient losses in a clayey field in southern", "date": "2002", "keywords": "drainage; erosion; field; flow; ha\u20131; losses; n c; n d; npf; runoff; soil; surface; tillage", "summary": "Year Drainage flow Surface runoff PF NPF PF NPF 1991 27 29 09 11 1992 18 17 05 04 1993 07 06 08 08 1994 11 12 03 03 1995 16 17 01 01 Ab- stract: Effect of soil tillage on surface erosion and nutrient transport.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5712", "words": "3756", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "MOLDES, A.B.; CRUZ, J.M.; DOM\u00cdNIQUEZ, J.M.", "title": "Production of a cellulosic substrate susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis from prehydrolyzed barley husks", "date": "2002", "keywords": "cellulose; n d; naoh; samples", "summary": "Experimental design and statistical analysis In the alkaline stage of barley husk processing, an incomplete 33 factorial design (Box et al. 1978) was used to study the influence of tem- perature, reaction time and NaOH concentration on both the composition of the solid substrates from treatments and their susceptibility to enzy- matic hydrolysis. When low-temperature delignification was combined with either prolonged reaction times (such as in experiment 6) or high NaOH concentrations (such in experiment 10), the cellulose conver- sion increased significantly (y4 up to 86.5\u2013 86.8%).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5713", "words": "7501", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "KUISMA, P.", "title": "Efficiency of split nitrogen fertilization with adjusted irrigation on potato", "date": "2002", "keywords": "e n; fertilization; ha\u20131; irrigation; n c; n d; nitrogen; planting; potato; split; tuber; yield", "summary": "I N L A N D Vol. 11 (2002): 59\u201374. dle of bed on plots of nitrogen fertilization 80 kg ha\u20131. The effects of nitrogen fertilization varied during the growing period and were dependent on year and variety.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5714", "words": "5303", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; RAJALA, A.; MUURINEN, S.", "title": "Yield formation of spring rye at high latitudes with reference to seeding rate and plant growth regulation", "date": "2002", "keywords": "ccc; grain; head; n d; rate; rye; seeding; shoot; spring; table; yield", "summary": "CCC increased grain yield by about 200 kg ha-1compared with the control. Thus, grain yield was maximum (ca. 5200 kg ha-1 in 1997) when rainfall was minimum.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5715", "words": "5416", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "PAASIKALLIO, A.; SORMUNEN-CRISTIAN RIITTA, R.", "title": "Harvesting strategy and N fertilization influence 134 Cs uptake by forage plants", "date": "2002", "keywords": "134cs; biotite; concentration; cut; n d; plants; ryegrass; soil; uptake", "summary": "On biotite soils, plant 134Cs decreased markedly with number of cuts, especially at higher soil N lev- els. Ammonium and potassium salts are known to be the fertilizers most effective in influencing plant uptake of radiocaesium.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5716", "words": "2957", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "VITOROVIC, G.; SLAVATA, B.; STOSIC, K.", "title": "The effect of clinoptilolite on 137 Cs binding in broiler chickens", "date": "2002", "keywords": "137cs; activity; clinoptilolite; n d; radiocaesium", "summary": "Material and methods In the in vitro experiment, natural clinoptilolite from Zlatokop mine was used. The hydrated samples of natural clinoptilolite were treated with 3M NH4Cl and 3M NaCl solu- tions to prepare the mono-ionic forms of clinop- tilolite.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5717", "words": "10733", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "TARMI, S.; TUURI, H.; HELENIUS, J.", "title": "Plant communities of field boundaries in Finnish farmland", "date": "2002", "keywords": "agricultural; boundaries; boundary; c e; c u; cluster; data; distance; diversity; e n; elymus; field; finland; l. o; mean; n c; n d; plant; regions; richness; species; vegetation", "summary": "I J. filiformis L. O V. serpyllifolia L. This study provides a basis for further planning of more analytical studies of field boundary plant communities, and ani- mals dependent on the vegetation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5718", "words": "7373", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "PARTANEN, K.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.; SUOMI, K.", "title": "Dietary preferences of weaned piglets offered diets containing organic acids", "date": "2002", "keywords": "acid; benzoate; calcium; diets; e n; feed; formate; formic; lactic; n c; n d; piglets; sodium; weaning", "summary": "In gener- al, dietary organic acids appear to improve the growth and feed-to-gain ratio of weaned piglets, but these responses can vary greatly depending on the type and amount of acid used, diet com- position, weaning age, and the animals\u2019 health status (Ravindran and Kornegay 1993). The frequency of post-weaning diarrhoea was highest in piglets fed diets supplemented with calcium formate and lowest in piglets fed diets supplemented with formic acid.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5719", "words": "8098", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "PERTTIL\u00c4, S.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.; PARTANEN, K.", "title": "Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and the nutritive value of the triticale cultivars Moreno and Ulrika for growing-finishing pigs", "date": "2002", "keywords": "barley; cultivars; e n; et al; kg-1; moreno; n c; n d; pigs; triticale; ulrika", "summary": "Pens were randomly allotted to seven die- tary treatments differing in the proportions of triticale cultivars and barley. Differences between treatments were tested with the following orthogonal contrasts: 1) bar- ley vs. triticale cultivars Moreno and Ulrika and 2) cv.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5720", "words": "7578", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "CHOI, C.-W.; VANHATALO, A.; HUHTANEN, P.", "title": "Concentration and estimated flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen entering the omasum of dairy cows as influenced by different protein supplements", "date": "2002", "keywords": "barley; grass; meal; omasal; protein; silage; snan", "summary": "Soluble protein N concentration was very low and remained relatively constant throughout the feeding cycle. Approximately 0.80 of SNAN flow into the omasum was in the form of peptides, while free AA and protein N accounted for pro- portionately of 0.19 and 0.02 SNAN, respective- ly.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5721", "words": "7154", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "RAJALA, A.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.", "title": "Timing applications of growth regulators to alter spring cereal development at high latitudes", "date": "2002", "keywords": "barley; ccc; grain; growth; head; n d; oat; pgr; plant; tiller; weight; wheat; yield", "summary": "Grain Head weight Grain number SGW yield Main head Tiller head Main head Tiller head DF P P P P P P SR 3 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.003 PGR 2 0.004 0.27 0.06 0.33 0.19 < 0.001 TRIAL 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 SR \u00d7 PGR 6 0.59 0.58 0.92 0.47 0.90 0.84 SR \u00d7 TRIAL 3 0.46 0.01 0.11 0.07 0.09 0.86 PGR \u00d7 TRIAL 2 0.73 0.86 0.17 0.99 0.29 0.42 SR \u00d7 PGR \u00d7 TRIAL 6 0.84 0.46 0.12 0.73 0.30 0.12 SR, seeding rate; PGR, plant growth regulator treatment In exp 1, three sub-experiments, one for each species, were ar- ranged in completely randomised split-plot de- signs, for which the cultivars were the main plots and PGR treatments were split across them.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5722", "words": "6133", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "MYYR\u00c4, S.; PIETOLA, K.", "title": "Economic importance of parcel structure on Finnish farms", "date": "2002", "keywords": "e n; farms; grain; grass; land; n c; n d; parcel; price; production; profit; size", "summary": "The elasticity estimates suggest that the choice of line of production responds in-elasti- cally to farm size and parcel distance, whereas likelihood of specialisation in grain cultivation increases elastically with parcel size (Table 4). Therefore, the current trend for farm sizes to increase while parcel size remains constant, is predicted to in- crease welfare losses (e.g. costs) caused by the fragmented parcel structure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5723", "words": "5984", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "JACYNO, E.; KAWECKA, M.; KAMYCZEK, M.", "title": "Influence of inorganic Se + vitamin E and organic Se + vitamin E on reproductive performance of young boars", "date": "2002", "keywords": "boars; inorganic; organic; season; selenium; vitamin; vitamin e", "summary": "I\u2013II Se Se Se Se \u2013 Inorganic Se Number of animals 20 20 20 20 Body weight, kg \u2013 at 70th day of life 21.3 20.8 22.5 20.6 0.33 \u20131.2 \u20130.4 NS \u2013 at 180th day of life 108 107 120 110 0.81 \u20134.8** \u20137.8** ** Daily gain (70\u2013180 day of life), g 734 736 836 768 6.09 \u201330** \u201366** ** Feed conversion, kg/kg 2.99 3.05 2.76 2.91 0.024 0.11* 0.21** ** Meatiness, % 59.3 58.3 58.1 58.5 0.21 \u20130.2 0.6 NS Selection index, pts 120 117 127 121 1.1 \u20134.3** \u20134.9** ** Statistical significance: NS non \u2013 significant, * P \u2264 0.05, ** P \u2264 0.01 SEM \u2013 Standard error of means Interaction group \u00d7 season SEM 180 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I\u2013II Se Se Se Se \u2013 Inorganic Se Number of animals 20 20 20 20 Volume of both testes, cm3 \u2013 at 70th day of life 17.8 17.3 16.5 12.7 0.78 \u20132.2 3.0 NS \u2013 at 180th day of life 577 595 564 594 16.8 24.5 8.3 NS Time mounting upon phantom, s 331 372 281 170 19.0 \u201339.2 128** ** Number of mounts 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.07 0.16 0.06 NS Time of ejaculation, s 155 162 205 229 4.9 16.8 \u201358.7** NS Ejaculate volume, cm3 104 103 105 109 1.0 1.1 \u20133.3 NS Motile spermatozoa, % 71.9 74.0 72.1 73.3 0.61 1.7 0.2 NS Concentration of sperma- tozoa, n \u00d7 106/cm3 175 202 191 246 12.4 41.7* \u201331.2 NS Total number of sperma- tozoa, n \u00d7 109 18.1 20.6 19.8 26.8 1.29 4.8* \u20134.2 * Spermatozoa with major defects, % 16.1 13.1 28.2 10.0 1.79 \u201310.4** \u20134.0* ** Spermatozoa with minor defects, % 14.0 9.1 18.6 13.4 1.16 \u20134.9** \u20134.2* * Spermatozoa with normal acrosome, % 71.7 74.8 85.7 85.0 1.47 1.4 \u201312.2** ** Osmotic resistance test-ORT, % 58.9 70.7 63.4 77.3 2.20 12.8** \u20135.5 ** AspAT, U/109 spermatozoa 0.112 0.068 0.157 0.083 0.010 \u20130.053* \u20130.029 * Se in the semen plasma, \u00b5g/mL 0.036 0.035 0.056 0.055 0.002 0.001 \u20130.002** ** GSH-Px in the semen plasma, U/mL 0.605 0.490 0.457 0.368 0.061 \u20130.095* 0.132* * Se in the blood plasma, \u00b5g/mL 0.345 0.359 0.383 0.371 0.007 0.006 \u20130.027* NS GSH-Px in the blood plasma U/mL 8.98 10.10 6.52 6.49 0.404 0.700 3.02** ** Statistical significance: NS non \u2013 significant, * P \u2264 0.05, ** P \u2264 0.01 SEM \u2013 Standard error of means Interaction group \u00d7 season SEM 181 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5724", "words": "9123", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "AHOLA, L.; MONONEN, J.; PYYKK\u00d6NEN, T.", "title": "Effects of group size and space allocation on physiological, behavioural and production-related welfare parameters in farmed silver fox cubs", "date": "2002", "keywords": "animal; cage; cubs; foxes; group; housing; n d; space", "summary": "I N L A N D Vol. 11 (2002): 185\u2013197. Effects of group size and space allocation on physiological, behavioural and production-related welfare parameters in farmed silver fox cubs Leena Ahola, Jaakko Mononen, Teija Pyyk\u00f6nen, Maarit Mohaibes Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, e-mail: leena.ahola@uku.fi Teppo Rekil\u00e4 MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-69100 Kannus, Finland Traditionally farmed silver fox cubs are raised after weaning either in pairs or singly in a traditional fox cage (1.2 m2). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different social and spatial conditions on the welfare of silver fox cubs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5725", "words": "5233", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "RUUSUNEN, M.; NIEMIST\u00d6, M.; PUOLANNE, E.", "title": "Sodium reduction in cooked meat products by using commercial potassium phosphate mixtures", "date": "2002", "keywords": "content; ham; hams; meat; nacl; phosphate; salt; sausage; sodium", "summary": "In addition to salt (NaCl), sodium phosphate also increases the sodium content of meat products. Thus, the effects of replacing sodium phosphate with potassium phosphate on sodium content and properties of low-salt cooked bologna-type sausage and cooked ham were studied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5726", "words": "4822", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "P\u00c4\u00c4KK\u00d6NEN, K.", "title": "A combined infrared/heat pump drying technology applied to a rotary dryer", "date": "2002", "keywords": "air; drum; dryer; drying; n c; n d; product; temperature", "summary": "Consequently the short drying time and low drying temperature are the factors which make this procedure suitable for drying such heat-sensitive materials as herbs and vegetables. Pack- aging and storage effects on microbiological quality of dried herbs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5727", "words": "7047", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "VOLDEN, B.; SVEISTRUP, T.; J\u00d8RGENSEN, M.", "title": "Effects of traffic and fertilization levels on grass yields in northern Norway", "date": "2002", "keywords": "compaction; ha\u20131; n c; n d; peat; soils; tractor; traffic; yield", "summary": "Soil compaction and drainage systems of peat soils in northern Norway. \u00c5s, Norway Experiments with various traffic regimes in grassland (no traffic, light and medium tractor with two mechanisation lines; forage harvester and two-step harvesting) and three fertilization levels (N 120, 180, 240 kg ha\u20131) were carried out in five fields on sandy soils and peat soils in Bod\u00f8, northern Norway.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5728", "words": "4099", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "MARIN, M.; YBARRA, M.; F\u00c9, A.", "title": "Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and pesticides on Cynara cardunculus growth", "date": "2002", "keywords": "amf; cardoon; colonisation; fungi; fungicides; mycorrhizal; pesticides; plants; seedlings", "summary": "A nursery trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation on the biomass yield of wild cardoon seedlings and the effect of the pesticides fosetyl-Al, folpet and propamocarb, as fungi- cides, and isofenphos, phoxim and oxamyl, as insecticides, on cardoon plant growth and the mycor- rhization. After 8 weeks of culture, cardoon plants were harvested.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5729", "words": "10189", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "SAARELA, I.", "title": "Phosphorus in Finnish soils in the 1900s with particular reference to the acid ammonium acetate soil test", "date": "2002", "keywords": "acetate; acid; ammonium; e n; fertilisation; finland; finnish; kaila; method; mineral; n c; n d; peat; phosphorus; saarela; soils; total; values", "summary": "Subsequent targets were the chemical fractions of soil P and the sorption of phosphate in relation to the contents of extractable Al and Fe in soils (Salonen 1941) and the amount and characteris- tics of the organic forms of soil P (Kaila 1948). Total P, mg kg\u20131 Chemical fractions of soil P, mg kg\u20131 (mean) Mean Range Organic \u201cAl-P\u201d \u201cFe-P\u201d \u201cCa-P\u201d P-satur.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5730", "words": "7107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": null, "title": "afs-5730", "date": null, "keywords": "fertilisers; finland; finnish; ha\u20131; monitoring; n d; sippola; soil", "summary": "Key words: cultivated soil, heavy metals, macronutrients, trace elements, soil monitoring, soil testing \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received April 2002 Introduction The quality of cultivated soils is of a great agri- cultural, nutritional and environmental impor- tance to society. In 1998, soil Cd was at the same level as it had been in 1987 (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5731", "words": "10207", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "M\u00c4NTYLAHTI, V.; LAAKSO, P.", "title": "Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils in South Savo province", "date": "2002", "keywords": "arsenic; concentrations; kg\u20131; l\u20131; mineral; n c; n d; results; samples; soil; values", "summary": "The enrichment of elements (e.g. arsenic, cad- mium, and lead) in topsoil (Aichberger et al. 1982, Kabata-Pendias and Adriano 1995) and the use of agrochemicals (e.g. M\u00e4kel\u00e4-Kurtto 1998) explained the higher concentrations of cadmi- um, copper and mercury in organogenic soils because the chemicals were spread in units of grams (or kilograms) per hectare and the results of the soil analysis were calculated in units of mg kg\u20131 soil. Details and origin of soil samples taken from farms in South Savo province, Finland, in 2000.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5732", "words": "5488", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "NISKANEN, R.", "title": "Nutritional status in commercial currant fields", "date": "2002", "keywords": "analysis; black; currant; fields; leaf; n d; niskanen; red; soil; values; white", "summary": "High soil P values were found in a part of currant fields. Then low soil nutrient values have led to high fertili- zation recommendations and possibly to use of superfluous high fertilizer doses. Acknowledgements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5733", "words": "10579", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "VESTBERG, M.; KUKKONEN, S.; SAARI, K.", "title": "Cropping system impact on soil quality determinants", "date": "2002", "keywords": "barley; c e; e n; n c; n d; organic; plots; quality; rotation; soil", "summary": "Key words: liming, soil property, soil quality indicator, soil resilience A number of biological soil properties have been reported to respond to changes in agricul- tural practices, thus having a potential to be used as specific indicators of soil quality. \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received March 2002 Cropping system impact on soil quality determinants Mauritz Vestberg, Sanna Kukkonen, Kaisa Saari, Marjatta Uosukainen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Laukaa Research and Elite Plant Station, Antinniementie 1, FIN-41330 Vihtavuori, Finland, e-mail: mauritz.vestberg@mtt.fi Ansa Paloj\u00e4rvi MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Environmental Research, Soils and Environment, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Tuomo Tuovinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Plant Protection, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Milja Veps\u00e4l\u00e4inen and Maarit Niemi Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland Worldwide interest in soil quality evaluation has increased rapidly throughout the past decade, prompt- ing us to evaluate the long-term impact of four cropping systems on several biological, chemical and physical determinants of soil quality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5734", "words": "6623", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "UUSITALO, R.; JANSSON, H.", "title": "Dissolved reactive phosphorus in runoff assessed by soil extraction with an acetate buffer", "date": "2002", "keywords": "aaac; catchment; concentration; drp; l\u20131; n c; n d; phosphorus; rehtij\u00e4rvi; runoff; soil; water", "summary": "Concentration of dissolved reactive P (DRP) in sur- face runoff at the L. Rehtij\u00e4rvi catchment as a function of soil test P concentration (AAAc-P) in phough-layer (n = 18). Concentration of dissolved reactive P (DRP) in sub- surface drainage water at the L. Rehtij\u00e4rvi catchment as a function of soil test P concentration (AAAc-P) in phough- layer (n = 36).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-57343", "words": "9299", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Sepp\u00e4, Laila; Tahvonen, Risto; Tuorila, Hely", "title": "Annual variation in sensory characteristics of seventeen apple cultivars", "date": "2016", "keywords": "apple; attributes; cultivars; et al; flavour; food; harvest; lobo; quality; red; science; season; sepp\u00e4; texture; year", "summary": "Apple cultivars included in the study with their breed, characteristics and DD5, the requirement for cumulative base temperature over 5\u00b0C during growing season (Tahvonen 2007, Krannila and Paalo 2008) Seasonal category Cultivar DD5 Parentage Origin of cultivar Available in Finland since Maturation in storage Storage life/ weeks Summer Pirja 972 Huvitus x Melba LUKE a) 1980 no 2 Vuokko 1100 Melba x Huvitus LUKE 1999 no 4-6 Petteri 1120 Flavour and texture changes in apple cultivars during storage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5735", "words": "8601", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "UUSI-K\u00c4MPP\u00c4, J.", "title": "Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from a feedlot for suckler cows", "date": "2002", "keywords": "e n; feedlot; l\u20131; n c; n d; nh4; nitrogen; no3; pens; soil; water", "summary": "In this area, the concentrations of NH4-N and TN in percolation water were as high as those which Yang and Lorimor (2000) report- ed in surface runoff from an American concrete feedlot (380 beef animals per 2.3 ha): 108 mg NH4-N l\u20131 and 177 mg TN l\u20131. Soil sampling and analyses Soil samples were taken to measure nitrogen leaching into deeper soil layers and to analyse phosphorus content in the soil surface.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5736", "words": "4873", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "PELTOVUORI, T.", "title": "Phosphorus extractability in surface soil samples as affected by mixing with subsoil", "date": "2002", "keywords": "horizon; n c; n d; phosphorus; results; samples; soil; surface", "summary": "Despite the importance of sampling as part of soil P management, few studies have dealt with possible errors induced by improper sampling or bulking of original sam- ples to composite samples. Decreasing the area of high P content soils would be important in protecting the surface waters because the concentration of PO4-P in runoff waters is primarily controlled by the P status of surface soils (Yli-Halla et al. 1995).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5737", "words": "8723", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "PALOJ\u00c4RVI, A.; NUUTINEN, V.", "title": "The soil quality concept and its importance in the study of Finnish arable soils", "date": "2002", "keywords": "assessment; concept; doran; e n; earthworms; finland; indicators; management; monitoring; n c; n d; nuutinen; properties; quality; quality indicators; soil; soil quality; use", "summary": "In contrast, follow-up of the physical and biological soil components, which are increasingly seen as important features of soil quality, is rudi- mentary. It is clear that more basic re- search is needed to provide scientists and advisors with a solid basis for transmitting reliable infor- mation on soil quality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5738", "words": "4849", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "TALKKARI, A.; JAUHIAINEN, L.; YLI-HALLA, M.", "title": "Geostatistical prediction of clay percentage based on soil survey data", "date": "2002", "keywords": "clay; content; data; model; n c; n d; soil; variation", "summary": "Key words: clay soils, geostatistics, kriging, sampling, soil types, spatial variation Introduction In precision farming fertilizers are applied to meet the needs of the crop and, on the other hand, to avoid excessive applications with the associ- ated environmental implications. Responding to soil variation at any scale requires suitable systems for processing the data and gen- erating from it information to assist in making decisions (Lark and Bolam1997).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5739", "words": "10148", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "KAVCIC, S.; ERJAVEC, E.; MERGOS, G.", "title": "EU enlargement and the Common Agricultural Policy: The case of Slovenia", "date": "2003", "keywords": "accession; agricultural; analysis; e n; european; income; model; n c; n d; policy; price; production; scenario; slovenia", "summary": "Agricultural policy analysis model for Slovenian agri- culture. In the liter- ature, multi-commodity partial equilibrium econometric models are still the basic tool for agricultural policy analyses (Tongeren et al. 2000).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5740", "words": "9183", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "VIRKAJ\u00c4RVI, P.; SAIRANEN, A.; NOUSIAINEN, J.I.", "title": "Sward and milk production response to early turnout of dairy cows to pasture in Finland", "date": "2003", "keywords": "date; effect; grazing; n c; n d; period; production; tillers; trial; turnout", "summary": "The TE and TN turnout dates were 1 June and 6 June, respectively. Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 SEM P value TE TN TE TN TE TN Period Turnout Period \u00d7 Turnout Pre-grazing Sward height (cm) 28.7 43.0 28.5 31.8 24.6 29.8 (1.6) (2.5) (1.2) (1.0) (1.1) (1.3) HM (kg ha\u20131) 1680 3100 1760 1990 1420 1880 (145) (238) (96) (65) (84) (105)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5741", "words": "5173", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "HELLQVIST, S.; FINELL, M.; LANDSTR\u00d6M, S.", "title": "Reed canary grass observations of effects on crop stand and fibre quality caused by infestation of Epicalamus phalaridis", "date": "2003", "keywords": "crop; field; internodes; midge; shoots", "summary": "Correlation coefficients were calculated to test whether the length of fertile shoots was related to the number of midge infested internodes. Year Percentage Infested Average Examined Percentage Infested Examined infested internodes shoot shoots, total infested internodes shoots, total /shoot, nr length, cm number /shoot, nr number V1 1996 100.2 (\u00b10)2. 2.44", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-57413", "words": "8867", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Jankowski, Krzysztof J\u00f3zef; Sok\u00f3lski, Mateusz; Dubis, Bogdan; Krzebietke, S\u0142awomir; \u017barczy\u0144ski, Piotr; Hulanicki, Pawe\u0142; Hulanicki, Piotr Stanis\u0142aw", "title": "Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds in response to foliar application of boron", "date": "2016", "keywords": "application; boron; content; et al; fertilization; foliar; ha-1; oilseed; oilseed rape; rape; seeds; winter; winter oilseed; yield", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE K. Jankowski et al. (2016) 25: 164\u2013176 164 Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds in response to foliar application of boron Krzysztof J. Jankowski1, Mateusz Sok\u00f3lski1, Bogdan Dubis1, S\u0142awomir Krzebietke2, Piotr \u017barczy\u0144ski2, Pawe\u0142 Hulanicki1, Piotr S. Hulanicki3, 1Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Production Management and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland 2Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland 3Kazgod Ltd, Wierzbowa 7, 05-870 B\u0142onie, Poland email: krzysztof.jankowski@uwm.edu.pl This paper presents the results of a 3-year field experiment conducted on soil with moderate levels of boron (B) in north-eastern Poland to determine the influence of foliar application of B (0, 150 and 300 g ha-1) on the yield components, yield, mineral composition, nutritional value and feed value of winter oilseed rape seeds. The observed increase in the yield of winter oilseed rape seeds in response to foliar application of B can be attributed to this micronutrient\u2019s positive influence on seed production in siliques.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5742", "words": "8171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "PARTANEN, K.; ALAVIUHKOLA, T.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.", "title": "Faba beans in diets for growing-finishing pigs", "date": "2003", "keywords": "barley; bean; bean meal; diets; faba; faba beans; feed; meal; meat; n c; n d; pigs; rapeseed; rapeseed meal; soya", "summary": "Faba beans have been shown to influence carbohydrate metabolism; lower plas- ma glucose concentrations have been measured in rats offered faba bean diets compared to those offered diets with peas or soya beans (Fern\u00e1n- dez-Quintela et al. 1998). Faba beans are known to contain various an- tinutritive factors, e.g. tannins, lectins, and trypsin inhibitors, which may have contributed to the decreased performance results observed with high faba bean diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5743", "words": "9034", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "HEIKKIL\u00c4, J.; PELTOLA, J.", "title": "Conceptualising the economics of plant health protection against invasive pests", "date": "2003", "keywords": "c e; c u; case; control; costs; damage; e n; invasion; magnitude; n c; n d; price; protection; reactive; strategy", "summary": "First, there are changes in producer surplus due to price changes, pest control costs and the value of lost production, caused by control not being perfect- ly effective and/or interim damage occurring before control is applied. Given that so far we do not have data for reactive control costs in Finland, it is comforting to observe that it is not a critical variable here.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5744", "words": "5799", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "TAURIAINEN, S.; SANKARI, S.; PY\u00d6R\u00c4L\u00c4, S.", "title": "Effect of anionic salts on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and udder oedema of dry pregnant cows", "date": "2003", "keywords": "blood; cows; dcab; e n; n c; n d; oedema; udder", "summary": "Effect of anionic salts on dry cows charged cations Effect of anionic salts on dry cows of clinical milk fever.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5745", "words": "5842", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "SUOJALA, T.", "title": "Yield potential of chive: Effects of cultivar, plastic mulch and fertilisation", "date": "2003", "keywords": "e n; n c; n d; yield", "summary": "Some hybrid cultivars have been bred which have higher plants, larger leaves and higher yield than open- pollinated cultivars (Tatlioglu and Wricke 1980). Otherwise, the double nitrogen dose increased yield in all harvests in the second and third years, and NPK fertiliser produced higher yield than nitrogen alone in the fourth harvest in 2001 and in the third and fourth harvests in 2002.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5746", "words": "4843", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "AFLATUNI, A.; UUSITALO, J.; EK, S.", "title": "Effect of liming on yield and quality of peppermint and Sachalin mint in fine sand soil of Northern Finland", "date": "2003", "keywords": "e n; liming; mint; n c; n d; soil; yield", "summary": "Soil pH profoundly affects the growth and nutrient uptake by crops. Matusiewicz (1972) studied pep- permint of the Mitcham variety for three years in five combinations of soil pH, ranging from 4.7 to 6.9.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5747", "words": "10158", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "SAARELA, I.; J\u00c4RVI, A.; HAKKOLA, H.", "title": "Phosphorus status of diverse soils in Finland as influenced by long-term P fertilisation I.Native and previously applied P at 24 experimental sites", "date": "2003", "keywords": "e n; finland; finnish; mineral; n c; n d; phosphorus; saarela; soils; stp; values", "summary": "Results and discussion Total and acid-extractable P Total concentrations of soil P at the start of the experiment (Table 3) agreed well with the earli- er results for Finnish soils (Kaila 1963), as the somewhat higher minimum and mean values re- flect the continuous accumulation of fertiliser P over the intervening years. Over the years, the availability of soil P has gradually improved as a result of balance sur- pluses, and note needs to be taken of this so that heavy P applications are not continued for an unnecessarily long time.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5748", "words": "6722", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "VANHALA, P.; PIETOLA, L.", "title": "Effect of conservation tillage and peat application on weed infestation on a clay soil", "date": "2003", "keywords": "cultivation; e n; n c; n d; peat; soil; tillage; weed", "summary": "\u2013 \u2013 \u2013 X X \u2013 X X X X Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill X X X X X \u2013 X X \u2013 \u2013 Myosurus minimus L. \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 X \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 Polygonum aviculare L. X X X \u2013 X X X X X X Polygonum convolvulus L. X X \u2013 \u2013 X X X X X X Polygonum lapathifolium L. \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 X \u2013 X X X Polygonum persicaria L \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 X \u2013 X X X Senecio vulgaris L. \u2013 X \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 X \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers X X X X X X X X X X Thlaspi arvense L. X X X X X X X X X X Trifolium L. spp. \u2013 X X X X \u2013 X X \u2013 \u2013 Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) C.H.Schultz X X X X X X X X X X Tussilago farfara L. \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 X \u2013 Vicia L. spp. \u2013 \u2013 X \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 Viola arvensis Murr. No peat applied Peat applied MP SC 1 SC 2 DC 1 DC 2 MP SC 1 SC 2 DC 1 DC 2 Chenopodium album L. X X X X X X X X X X Fumaria officinalis L. X X X X X X X X X X Galium spurium L. X X X X X X X X X X Lamium purpureum L. X X X X X X X X X X Stellaria media (L.) Vill./Cyr. X X X X X X X X X X Bistorta vivipara (L.) Gray \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 X \u2013 X \u2013 X Brassica rapa L. ssp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5749", "words": "7293", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "SAHRAMAA, M.; IHAM\u00c4KI, H.; JAUHIAINEN, L.", "title": "Variation in biomass related variables of reed canary grass", "date": "2003", "keywords": "biomass; breeding; canary; e n; finland; fraction; grass; lai; leaf; n c; n d; number; plant; yield", "summary": "Three factors established accounted for 45% of the variance and they were defined as \u201chigh biomass yield\u201d, \u201cleaf-shoot relationship\u201d and \u201cfast devel- opment\u201d. +0.49 Panicle number (m-2) +0.50 Shoot number (per stem) \u20130.58 +0.45 Node number (per stem) +0.43 Plant height (cm) +0.41 Leaf area index (per surface) \u20130.48 \u20130.48 Seed ripening (days of degree) \u20130.69 Overwintering (%) +0.54 Straw fraction (%) +0.59 Leaf and leaf sheath fraction (%) \u20130.76 Shoot fraction (%) \u20130.74 +0.44 Node fraction (%) +0.54 termed \u201chigh biomass yield\u201d, \u201cleaf-shoot rela- tionship\u201d and \u201cfast development\u201d and they ac- counted 45% of the variance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5750", "words": "7751", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "K\u00c4NK\u00c4NEN, H.; ERIKSSON, C.; R\u00c4KK\u00d6L\u00c4INEN, M.", "title": "Soil nitrate N as influenced by annually undersown cover crops in spring cereals", "date": "2003", "keywords": "clover; content; crop; effect; ha-1; leaching; n d; no3; red; ryegrass; soil; undersowing", "summary": "Besides N leaching risk on the grounds of soil nitrate N content before winter, timing of the release of cover crop N was studied. Furthermore, N ferti- lisation and its effect on the growth of both the main and undersown crop are also influencing when the effect of undersown crops on soil N is measured.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5751", "words": "11519", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "SAHRAMAA, M.", "title": "Evaluation of reed canary grass for different end-uses and in breeding", "date": "2003", "keywords": "biomass; breeding; food; forage; n d; populations; production; r h; seed; yield", "summary": "A few populations had both high seed pro- duction and high non-food indices. Populations with high seed production index and high forage in- dex were local populations RH13 (Lemu), RH27 (Tammela), RH47 (Jalasj\u00e4rvi) and RH87 (V\u00f6yri), breeding line Jo0510 and cultivars Motterwitzer and Pervenets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5752", "words": "10105", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "MELA, T.", "title": "Red clover grown in a mixture with grasses : yield, persistence and dynamics of quality characteristics", "date": "2003", "keywords": "c e; c u; clover; content; cut; e n; fertilization; finland; grass; jokioinen; n c; n d; red; red clover; regrowth; sward", "summary": "Dry matter yields (kg ha-1) of red clover grass mixture as influenced by number of cuts and N-fertilization in Jokioinen in 1990\u20131992. N, No. of cuts kg ha-1 1990 1991 1992 2 3 4\u20135 mean 2 3 4\u20135 mean mean 0 10370 9640 8270 9430a 4160 3440 3240 3610a 1990a 30 9940 9340 8070 9120a 4890 3670 3320 3960a 2150a 60 11200 9500 7980 9560a 6650 3840 3580 4690b 2560b 90 10400 9640 8150 9400a 6570 3950 3710 4740b 2740b mean 10480a 9530ab 8120b 5570a 3730b 3460b (1992) 2960a 2180b 1940b Statistical significancies: The different letters indicate significant difference at P \u2264 0.05 1990 A***, B*, C***, AxB***, AxC***, BxC NS, AxBxC* 1991 Dry matter yields (kg ha-1) of red clover grass mixture as influenced by number of cuts and N-fertilization in Jokioinen in 1992\u20131995. N, No. of cuts kg ha-1 1992 1993 1994 1995 mean 2 3 4 mean 2 3 4 mean 2 3 4 mean 0 4110a 6730 4900 3430 5020a 3790 3040 2390 3070a 3900 2630 2070 2870a 30 4460ab 7290 5220 3790 5430ab 5830 4630 3080 4510b 4110 3150 2550 3270b 60 4980bc 8440 5600 4000 6010bc 6910 5020 3530 5150c 4370 3620 2380 3460b 90 5430c 8710 6130 4410 6420c 7410 5780 4080 5760d 5060 3840 2830 3910c mean 7790a 5460b 3910b 5990a 4620b 3270c 4360a 3310b 2460c Statistical significancies: The different letters indicate significant difference at P \u2264 0.05 1992 B***, C***, BxC NS 1993 A***, B***, C***, AxB***, AxC NS, BxC NS, AxBxC NS 1994 A***, B***, C***, AxB***, AxC**, BxC**, AxBxC*** 1995 A***, B***, C NS, AxB***, AxC***, BxC NS, AxBxC NS A = number of cuts, B = N-fertilization, C = row distance strated by generation of statistically significant A*B interaction effects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5753", "words": "4744", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "HUAN-NIEMI, E.", "title": "The impact of further tariff reduction on the EU sugar sector in the forthcoming multilateral round", "date": "2003", "keywords": "euro; price; reduction; round; sugar; tariff; world", "summary": "The linear reduction formulas of the Uruguay Round and Harbinson proposal are applied directly to the specific tar- iff rate for EU raw sugar in 2004/2005. Howev- er, the specific tariff rate for EU raw sugar is converted into ad-valorem equivalent for further tariff reduction under the Swiss formula.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5754", "words": "5823", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "SIMOJOKI, A.; XUE, T.; LUKKARI, K.", "title": "Allocation of added selenium in lettuce and its impact on roots", "date": "2003", "keywords": "content; growth; lettuce; n d; plant; roots; selenium", "summary": "The second component accounted for the in- crease in plant Se content accompanied by thick- ening and shortening of lateral and basal roots, 160 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Dry mass of shoots Se content in rootsa Lateral roots Basal roots Hypocotyl Lateral roots Basal roots Hypocotyl Dry mass 0.90*** 0.73*** 0.66*** 0.04 \u20130.22 \u20130.40 Width \u20130.08 0.36 0.70*** 0.55** 0.21 \u20130.11 Specific length \u20130.27 \u20130.42* \u20130.74*** \u20130.27 \u20130.10 0.15 Specific surface area \u20130.49* \u20130.54** \u20130.79*** 0.18 0.04 0.30 Specific volume \u20130.41* \u20130.52** 0.29 0.53** 0.47* 0.18 n = 24; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 a Average including all root types (lateral, basal, hypocotyl) pocotyl, and negatively with the specific length of hypocotyl and the specific surface areas of all root classes (Table 4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5755", "words": "9965", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "VIRKAJ\u00c4RVI, P.", "title": "Effects of defoliation height on regrowth of timothy and meadow fescue in the generative and vegetative phases of growth", "date": "2003", "keywords": "august; defoliation; defoliation height; fescue; height; june; meadow; n c; n d; regrowth; tillers; timothy", "summary": "I N L A N D Vol. 12 (2003): 177\u2013193. Effects of defoliation height on regrowth of timothy and meadow fescue in the generative and vegetative phases of growth Perttu Virkaj\u00e4rvi MTT Agrifood Research Finland, North Savo Research Station, FIN-71750 Maaninka, Finland, e-mail: perttu.virkajarvi@mtt.fi Post-defoliation carbohydrate stores, leaf area and the number of active meristems are important factors affecting the subsequent regrowth of grasses. Defoliation height affects the magnitude of all these factors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5756", "words": "74240", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "NIEMI, J.", "title": "Cointegration and error correction modelling of agricultural commodity trade: The case of ASEAN agricultural exports to the EU", "date": "2003", "keywords": "analysis; asean; c e; c u; changes; cointegration; commodities; commodity exports; commodity trade; correction; countries; country; d niemi; d vol; e n; economic; equation; error; eu import; eu market; eu trade; exchange; export; export demand; export price; export subsidy; export supply; g r; import; indonesia; international; l t; level; market; market price; model; modelling; n c; n d; oil; p eu; price; price elasticity; products; rate; run; series; test; time; trade flows; trade policies; trade policy; u l; variables; world; y eu; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "Variable Variable description Sources Md EU total quantity of imports in the EU EUROSTAT Mva EU total value of imports in the EU in euros EUROSTAT Xd IN quantity of export from Indonesia to the EU EUROSTAT Xd MA quantity of export from Malaysia to the EU EUROSTAT Xd PH quantity of export from Philippines to the EU EUROSTAT Xd TH quantity of export from Thailand to the EU EUROSTAT Xva IN value of export from Indonesia to the EU in euros EUROSTAT Xva MA value of export from Malaysia to the EU in euros EUROSTAT Xva PH value of export from Philippines to the EU in euros EUROSTAT Xva TH value of export from Thailand to the EU in euros EUROSTAT P W world market price of the commodity calculated P EU import price of the EU, P EU = Mva EU /Md EU calculated P IN export price of Indonesia to the EU, P IN = Xva IN /Xd IN calculated P MA export price of Malaysia to the EU, P MA = Xva MA /Xd MA calculated P PH export price of Philippines to the EU, P PH = Xva PH /Xd PH calculated P TH export price of Thailand to the EU, P TH = Xva TH /Xd TH calculated Y EU Gross domestic product index of the EU IMF D EU Consumer price index in the EU EUROSTAT D IN Consumer price index in Indonesia IMF D MA Consumer price index in Malaysia IMF D PH Consumer price index in the Philippines IMF D TH Consumer price index in Thailand IMF ER IN Exchange rate of euro in terms of Indonesian rupiah IMF ER MA Exchange rate of euro in terms of Malaysian ringgit IMF ER PH Exchange rate of euro in terms of Philippine peso IMF ER TH Exchange rate of euro in terms of Thai baht IMF P EU /D EU real import price of the EU calculated P\u2297 IN /D IN real export price of Indonesia to the EU, P\u2297 IN = P IN * ER IN calculated P\u2297 MA /D MA real export price of Malaysia to the EU, P\u2297 MA = P MA * ER MA calculated P\u2297 PH /D PH real export price of Philippines to the EU P\u2297 PH = P PH * ER PH calculated P\u2297 TH /D TH real export price of Thailand to the EU P\u2297 TH = P TH * ER TH calculated 63 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C The relationship between export supply and export price in prima- ry commodity trade is often characterised by long lags, since the effects of price changes usually take many years to obtain the benefits of expand- ed acreage (Lord 1991).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5757", "words": "6655", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "HOLLINS, P. D.; KETTLEWELL, P.S.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.", "title": "Relationships between climate and winter cereal grain quality in Finland and their potential for forecasting", "date": "2004", "keywords": "cereal; data; finland; grain; growth; hectolitre; mean; n c; national; quality; rye; weight; wheat; winter", "summary": "In contrast, less work has been carried out examining the relationships between cereal grain quality and the weather. Scatter plots between annual national trial mean cereal growth time (number of days from sowing to harvest) and annual national survey mean cereal hectolitre weights (kg hl\u20131) for a) rye and b) winter wheat cereal growth regions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5758", "words": "9882", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "MIETTINEN, A.; LEHTONEN, H.; HIETALA-KOIVU, R.", "title": "On diversity effects of alternative agricultural policy reforms in Finland: an agricultural sector modelling approach", "date": "2004", "keywords": "2004; agenda; agriculture; area; c u; cap; diversity; effects; finland; level; model; n c; policy; production; reform; scenario; sector; support; use; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "Diversity of agricultural land use is measured by Shan- non\u2019s diversity index. This will decrease the diversity of agricultural land use at landscape level, but may not be harmful at species level since green fallow has some positive effects, especially on the densities and abundance of farmland birds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5759", "words": "4256", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "KHALILI, H.; RINNE, M.; ASPILA, P.", "title": "The effect of free or restricted acidified milk feeding of Finnish Ayrshire bull calves on the subsequent fattening and slaughter performance", "date": "2004", "keywords": "average; calves; feeding; group; intake; milk; phase", "summary": "These studies were conducted using beef breed animals with considerably longer milk feeding periods, and therefore these results may not be directly com- parable to the present situation. The effect of free or restricted acidified milk feeding of Finnish Ayrshire bull calves on the subsequent fattening and slaughter performance Hannele Khalili, Marketta Rinne MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: hannele.khalili@mtt.fi Pentti Aspila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Ilmo Aronen Raisio Nutrition Ltd., PO Box 101, FI-21201 Raisio, Finland", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5760", "words": "6493", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "MOOR, U.; KARP, K.; P\u00d5LDMA, P.", "title": "Effect of mulching and fertilization on the quality of strawberries", "date": "2004", "keywords": "average; content; effect; fertilization; fruits; mulch; plantation; plastic; strawberry; vitamin", "summary": "The aim of the present research was to study the influence of mulch (plastic and straw), fertilization and the age of plants (two, three and four years) on the quality of strawberry fruits. The aim of the present research was to find out whether it is possible to avoid a considera- ble decrease in fruit size by injecting fertilizers under the plastic mulch in a four-year-old plan- tation, and to study the influence of different mulches, fertilization, and plantation age on sev- eral quality characteristics of strawberry fruits.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5761", "words": "4573", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "JENG, A.; HARALDSEN, T.; VAGSTAD, N.", "title": "Meat and bone meal as nitrogen fertilizer to cereals in Norway", "date": "2004", "keywords": "experiment; fertilizer; field; ha-1; mbm; mineral; nitrogen; soil; treatments", "summary": "Calculated RNUE was as high as 91% for treatment C. For Treatment G (N 100 kg N ha-1, equal amounts of total N from MBM and mineral N), NUE was somewhat lower than for Treatment C. RNUE for Treat- ment G was calculated to be 81%, i.e. lower than for MBM alone as N supplier. The best N-fertilizer response of MBM was found at Treatment 8, which represented the highest lev- els of MBM and mineral N, and also had the highest yield.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5762", "words": "11187", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "SAARELA, I.; J\u00c4RVI, A.; HAKKOLA, H.", "title": "Phosphorus status of diverse soils in Finland as influenced by long-term P fertilisation 2.Changes of soil test values in relation to P balance with references to incorporation depth of residual and freshly applied P", "date": "2004", "keywords": "c e; c u; et al; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; initial; n c; pac; phosphorus; saarela; soil; status; values", "summary": "The total pool of soil P was also influenced by leaching and erosion. The higher percentages of applied P previously recovered by Barkoff (1959) in the chemical fractionation of soil P may be explained at least in part by the infrequent tillage operations, as typical for the old ley-dom- inated crop rotation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5763", "words": "9260", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "KUUSELA, E.", "title": "Annual and seasonal changes in production and composition of grazed clover-grass mixtures in organic farming", "date": "2004", "keywords": "c e; clover; content; grass; grazing; herbage; mixtures; post; pre; production; proportion; seed; sward; white", "summary": "97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 Alsike clover mixture Red clover mixture White clover mixture White-alsike clover mixture Grass mixture 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 315 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C Proportion of grasses in pre-grazing herbage dry matter Proportion of clovers in pre-grazing herbage dry matter Proportion of weeds in pre-grazing herbage dry matter 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 White-alsike clover mixture Grass mixture Alsike clover mixture Red clover mixture White clover mixture 318 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5764", "words": "6226", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "MUSTONEN, L.", "title": "Yield formation and quality characteristics of early potatoes during a short growing period", "date": "2004", "keywords": "application; content; cultivar; harvest; matter; nitrate; nitrogen; potato; timo; tubers; yield", "summary": "At fi rst early harvest dry matter content of tubers was very low (13.8\u201317.2%) and the high ni- trogen application produced the lowest dry matter content (13.8%) in cultivar Timo (Table 5). Accumulated day-degrees as a measure of physiological age and the relationships with growth and yield in early potato cultivars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5765", "words": "7212", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "LEHTINEN, A.; HANNUKKALA, A.", "title": "Oospores of Phytphthora infestans in soil provide an important new source of primary inoculum in Finland", "date": "2004", "keywords": "blight; epidemics; finland; foci; infestans; mating; oospores; phytophthora; potato; soil; type", "summary": "\u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2003 Oospores of P hytophthora infestans in soil provide an important new source of primary inoculum in Finland Ari Lehtinen and Asko Hannukkala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Plant Protection, FI- 31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: ari.lehtinen@mtt.fi and asko.hannukkala@mtt.fi There have been numerous indications since the 1990s that oospore-derived primary infections play an in- creasing role in the epidemiology of potato late blight. Key words: potatoes, Solanum tuberosum, potato late blight, Phytophthora infestans, epidemiology, oospores, mating type, sexual reproduction, soil borne inoculum Introduction Potato late blight, which is caused by the oomyc- ete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is a worldwide devastating disease of potatoes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5766", "words": "5598", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "VAHLSTEN, T.; M\u00c4NTYSAARI, E.; STRAND\u00c9N, I.", "title": "Coefficients of relationship and inbreeding among Finnish Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian", "date": "2004", "keywords": "average; ayrshire; bulls; cient; coeffi; coeffi cient; cows; finnish; friesian; generation; holstein; inbreeding; relationship", "summary": "The mean coeffi cient of relation- ship of Ayrshire bulls increased 2.22 %-units per generation and inbreeding increased 0.20 %-units per generation during the years studied. However, especially the coeffi cients of relationship of Ayrshire bulls are high in some age classes and this may lead into faster increase in coeffi cients of inbreeding.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5767", "words": "9988", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "MANNINEN, M.; SAARIJ\u00c4RVI, K.; HUHTA, H.", "title": "Effects of winter feeding strategies with alternative feeds on the performance of mature suckler cows and their progeny", "date": "2004", "keywords": "c e; calving; cows; days; diet; energy; exp1; exp2; experiment; feeding; grazing; manninen; milk; performance; period; production; silage; strategy; straw", "summary": "Suckler cow feeding strategies. The effects of treatments on cow feed intake, diet digestibility (Exp2), live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), milk production (Exp1), incidence of dystocia and calf performances are discussed in this paper.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5768", "words": "9640", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "SL\u00c5NBERG, L.; HYLANDER, L.", "title": "Appropriate classification of three Swedish soils for agrarian and environmental management", "date": "2004", "keywords": "bj\u00e4rr\u00f6d; cation; classifi; classifi cation; g\u00f6tala; horizon; site; soil; sweden; swedish; taxonomy; wrb", "summary": "Key words: nutrient leakage, phosphorus sorption, soil classifi cation, Soil Taxonomy, World Reference Base for Soil Resources Introduction The European Parliament decided in 2002 to give soil quality the same status as water and air in or- der to protect the soils from further degradation and to safeguard the fertility and agronomic value of agricultural land (Commission of the European Communities 2002, p. 8). A basic system of soil classifi cation for making and interpreting soil sur- veys.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5769", "words": "6776", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "KOIVULA, M.; KYM\u00c4L\u00c4INEN, H-R.; VANNE, L.", "title": "Microbial quality of linseed and fibre hemp plants during growing and harvest seasons", "date": "2004", "keywords": "bre; hemp; linseed; plants; quality; season", "summary": "Microbial quality of linseed and fi bre hemp plants Ta bl e 1. T he a m ou nt o f ba ct er ia in th e fi e ld s am pl es f ro m S iu nt io , F in la nd d ur in g th e ha rv es tin g pe ri od s an d fr os t- re tti ng . Microbial quality of linseed and fi bre hemp plants cfu g-1, and the amount of bacteria should be be- low 105 cfu g-1 in building materials (STM 2003).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5770", "words": "8395", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "MA, R.; PULLI, S.", "title": "Factors influencing somatic embryogenesis and regeneration ability in somatic tissue culture of spring and winter rye", "date": "2004", "keywords": "culture; embryogenesis; embryogenic; embryos; genotypes; immature; infl; medium; plant; plant regeneration; regeneration; rye; tissue", "summary": "Plant materials, which were used for immature embryo culture and in- fl orescence culture, were grown in a greenhouse (18/16\u00baC, day/night temperature, 16-h photoperiod at about 200 \u00b5mol m-2s-1). Effects of ecotypes, genotypes and cold pre-treatment on somatic embryogenesis (embryogenic calli per 100 em- bryos) in immature embryo culture of rye.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5771", "words": "5932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; KONTTURI, M.; RAJALA, A.", "title": "Impact dehulling oat grain to improve quality of on-farm produced feed : 1.Hullability and associated changes in nutritive value and energy content", "date": "2004", "keywords": "content; dehulling; energy; grain; groat; hulls; impact; moisture; oat; rotation; yield", "summary": "Impact dehulling proved to be a potentially useful method to increase ener- gy content of oat grains on-farm. For these reasons, high hull content of oat grain is the major determinant of decreas- ing nutritional quality, which is important if oat is used for feed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5772", "words": "5224", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; LEHTINEN, P.; KONTTURI, M.", "title": "Impact dehulling oat grain to improve quality of on-farm produced feed : 2.Groat breakage and storability", "date": "2004", "keywords": "breakage; content; dehulling; grain; groat; impact; min-1; rotation; speed; storage", "summary": "Storability of dehulled oat groats (Experiment 3) Groat yield from Experiment 1 was stored in sealed boxes at 10, 20 and 30\u02daC for five months. A laboratory model of an impact oat dehuller, similar to a commercial device, was used to study the effects of rotation speed and grain moisture content on groat breakage and the storage life of oat groats.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5773", "words": "8352", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "KEMPE, R.; SAASTAMOINEN, M.; HYYPP\u00c4, S.", "title": "Composition, digestibility and nutritive value of cereals for dogs", "date": "2004", "keywords": "barley; basal; cereals; content; corn; crude; diet; digestibility; dogs; energy; fat; fibre; groats; nutrient; oat; oat groats; protein; rice; wheat", "summary": "Using dry food where oat groats is the main cereal component, may also promote con- tinual recovery (in addition of post-exercise sup- plements) of protein and glycogen stores after exercise due to an enhanced glucose and insulin responses of oat groats diet. Acknowledgements. Any of the cereals test- ed can be used in dog diets without major nega- tive effects on digestion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5774", "words": "3659", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "LOPONEN, J.", "title": "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides in Finnish cereals: a database survey", "date": "2004", "keywords": "ace; angiotensin; cereal; enzyme; et al; peptides; proteins; wheat", "summary": "Characterization of inhibition and stability of soy-protein-derived angiotensin I-convert- ing enzyme inhibitory peptides. Candidate peptides were selected based on following criteria:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5775", "words": "4309", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "EUROLA, M.; HIETANIEMI, V.; KONTTURI, M.", "title": "Selenium content of Finnish oats in 1997-1999: effect of cultivars and cultivation techniques", "date": "2004", "keywords": "contents; cultivars; cultivation; finland; kg-1; oats; selenium; soils; trials", "summary": "Organic cultivation resulted in signifi- cantly (P = 0.006, confidence interval \u20134.1 to \u20131.0) lower Se contents than conventional culti- vation. The effect of culti- var on Se contents in organic cultivation variety trials could not be analysed, since over 80% of the Se concentrations were below the detection 0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 Veli 1998", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5776", "words": "7264", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "SAASTAMOINEN, M.; HIETANIEMI, V.; PIHLAVA, J-M.", "title": "\u00df-Glucan contents of groats of different oat cultivars in official variety, in organic cultivation, and in nitrogen fertilization trials in Finland", "date": "2004", "keywords": "contents; cultivars; cultivation; fertilization; glucan; glucan contents; oat; table; trials; variety; year", "summary": "Ma- nipulation of oat \u03b2-glucan content using foliar urea. Year, location and cultivar significantly affected the variation in \u03b2-glucan content of oats (Table 5), as did the year x location and year x cultivar interactions (Table 5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5777", "words": "4831", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "ANTTILA, H.; SONTAG-STROHM, T.; SALOVAARA, H.", "title": "Viscosity of beta-glucan in oat products", "date": "2004", "keywords": "beta; bran; cereal; cholesterol; et al; fibre; food; glucan; oat; products; viscosity; weight; wood", "summary": "Extraction of oat gum from oat bran: Effects of process on yield, molecular weight distribution, viscosity and (1\u20133)(1\u2013 4)-\u03b2-D-glucan content of the gum. Gastrointestinal effects of oat bran and oat gum.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5778", "words": "6807", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "LEHTINEN, P.; LAAKSO, S.", "title": "Role of lipid reactions in quality of oat products", "date": "2004", "keywords": "acid; activity; cereal; et al; fatty; food; hydrolysis; hydroperoxide; journal; lipase; lipid; oat; oxidation; processing; products; reactions", "summary": "During various process- es, cereal lipids may also be exposed to micro- bial lipase and the role of microbial enzymes in cereal lipid reactions is a controversial subject (O\u2019Connor et al. 1992). Effect of malting on oat lipids.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5779", "words": "8668", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "KAUKOVIRTA-NORJA, A.; WIHELMSON, A.; POUTANEN, K.", "title": "Germination: a means to improve the functionality of oat", "date": "2004", "keywords": "acid; activity; barley; cereal; chemistry; compounds; content; et al; food; germination; journal; lipids; malting; oat; oats; products; science", "summary": "Dalby and Tsai (1976) and Wu (1983) observed an increase in albumin content (rich in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophane) during oat germination, and a subsequent decrease in globulin and prolamine contents (poor in lysine) leading to increased nutritional value of germinated oat. It can be concluded that the research results on lipolysis in oat germination are to some extent contradictionary and further research is needed in this area.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5780", "words": "7418", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "GATES, F. K.; DOBRASZCZYK, B.", "title": "Mechanical properties of oats and oat products", "date": "2004", "keywords": "cereal; dobraszczyk; food; fracture; grain; hardness; journal; material; oat; oats; properties; science; structure", "summary": "This serves as a good example of the difficulty of relating sensory properties with material properties. Howev- er, the same word may be used to refer to differ- ent attributes and a single term is often assigned to a sensory perception that results from a number of material properties.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5781", "words": "6409", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "SALMENKALLIO-MARTTILA, M.; HEINI\u00d6, R-L.; MYLLYM\u00c4KI, O.", "title": "Relating microstructure, sensory and instrumental texture of processed oat", "date": "2004", "keywords": "autoclaved; cereal; flavour; grains; lisbeth; native; oat; samples; starch; texture; veli", "summary": "Relationships of selected physical, chemi- cal, and sensory parameters in oat grain, rolled oats, and cooked oatmeal \u2013 A three-year study with eight cultivars. Effect of germination and drying process on sensory quality of oat cultivars Lisbeth and Veli.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5782", "words": "6459", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "SALMENKALLIO-MARTTILA, M.; ROININEN, K.; AUTIO, K.", "title": "Effects of gluten and transglutaminase on microstructure, sensory characteristics and instrumental texture of oat bread", "date": "2004", "keywords": "bread; gluten; granules; oat; oat bread; protein; samples; starch; transglutaminase; water; wheat", "summary": "Key words: baking, oat bread, microstructure, gluten, transglutaminase, descriptive sensory analysis Introduction Whole grains are important sources of dietary fiber and other compounds of interest in disease prevention (Slavin et al. 1999). Five different recipes with different water, transglutaminase, and gluten contents were used to bake oat breads (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5783", "words": "7217", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "KIVIHARJU, E.; LAURILA, J.; LEHTONEN, M.", "title": "Anther culture properties of oat x wild red oat progenies and a search for RAPD markers associated with anther culture ability", "date": "2004", "keywords": "acc; anther; anther culture; cav; culture; dna; et al; green; markers; oat; plants; puhti; rapd; regeneration; response; traits", "summary": "The segregation of four of the five mark- ers (OPX-11870, OPC-14520, OPC-14630 and OPY- 03890) associated with anther culture traits did not fit the expected segregation ratio of alleles in the F2 progeny (3:1 ratio, \u03c72-test, P \u2264 0.05), which is very common in anther culture derived DH-progenies (Manninen 2000). The number of anther culture derived embryo-like structures was highest in acc.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5784", "words": "3776", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "RAJALA, A.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.", "title": "Intra-plant variation for progress of cell division in developing oat grains: a preliminary study", "date": "2004", "keywords": "cell; floret; grain; number; oat; panicle; pollination; spikelet; variation; weight", "summary": "Research note Intra-plant variation for progress of cell division in developing oat grains: a preliminary study Ari Rajala and Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: ari.rajala@mtt.fi Development of an oat panicle proceeds from the uppermost terminal spikelet downward to the base of the panicle. I E N C E Rajala, A. & Peltonen-Sainio, P. Intra-plant variation in developing oat grains restricted (Table 1), as also noted by Tibelius and Klinck (1987).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5785", "words": "9327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "M\u00c4KEL\u00c4, P.; MUURINEN, S.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.", "title": "Alterations in growth and canopy architecture among dwarf, semidwarf and tall oat lines grown under northern conditions", "date": "2004", "keywords": "anthesis; grain; leaf; lines; number; oat; plant; tillers; weight; yield", "summary": "Miralles and Slafer (1997) studied light interception at pre- and post-anthesis and noted that D lines have more persistent RUE at post-anthesis, which was attributed to high sink demand generated by high grain number. Yield components, leaf characteristics and straw traits were measured from six oat lines (D lines Pal and Grane, SD lines Hja 76416 and Salo, and T lines Veli and Jalostettu maatiainen) separately on the main shoot and tillers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5786", "words": "7812", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "RAJALA, A.", "title": "Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands", "date": "2004", "keywords": "barley; ccc; elongation; et al; grain; growth; journal; oat; peltonen; pgr; plant; rajala; sainio; stem; wheat; yield", "summary": "Plant growth regu- lator effects on spring cereal root and shoot growth. Key words: Avena sativa L., oat, plant growth regulator, plant stand structure, yield potential Introduction Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used in high- input cereal management to shorten the stem and thereby reduce lodging susceptibility.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5787", "words": "6894", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "KIRKKARI, A-M.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; LEHTINEN, P.", "title": "Dehulling capacity and storability of naked oat", "date": "2004", "keywords": "bullion; content; cultivars; degree; grain; hull; lisbeth; moisture; oat; threshing", "summary": "Grain moisture content at threshing had contrary effects on hull content and degree of hull retention in different years. Grain moisture content at threshing did not affect protein content of naked cultivars, but some differences in fatty acid com- position were recorded.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5788", "words": "10141", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; KIRKKARI, A-M.; JAUHIAINEN, L.", "title": "Characterising strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in producing naked oat as a novel crop for northern growing conditions", "date": "2004", "keywords": "conditions; crop; damage; energy; et al; feed; finland; food; grain; oat; oats; peltonen; production; quality; sainio; sainio et; science; swot", "summary": "However, sensitivity of naked oat grains to mechanical damage induced by high grain mois- 215 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C The only exception with respect to the cor- responding quality in dehulled oat versus naked oat groat quality is that naked oat grain is likely to have less \u03b2-glucan (Givens et al. 2000).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5789", "words": "7035", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "HIETANIEMI, V.; KONTTURI, M.; R\u00c4M\u00d6, S.", "title": "Contents of trichothecenes in oats during official variety, organic cultivation and nitrogen fertilization trials in Finland", "date": "2004", "keywords": "concentrations; contents; don; et al; finland; food; fusarium; kg-1; mycotoxins; oats; samples; trials; trichothecenes; variety", "summary": "Figure 2 shows DON contents of six oat Table 1. The results also showed that no distinct differences were found in DON contents of var- ious varieties.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5790", "words": "82922", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "FORSMAN, S.", "title": "How do small rural food-processing firms compete?A resource-based approach to competitive strategies", "date": "2004", "keywords": "addition; advantage; advantage advantage; analysis; average; barney; business; c e; c u; capabilities; case; cluster; competence; competitors; customer; data; development; differentiation; e forsman; e n; environment; et al; factor; firms; firms firms; following; food; food industry; forsman; g r; group; industry; journal; l t; level; management; market; marketing; model; n c; n d; new; number; performance; performing; position; price; processing firms; production; production resources; products; quality; question; rbv; research; resources; resources business; results; sample firms; scale; strategies; strategy; study; success; table; terms; types; u l; value; variables; view", "summary": "Industry-based approach Resource-based view Analogy with the SWOT framework Opportunities and threats Strengths and weaknesses View of the firm As a bundle of strategic activities As a bundle of resources Unit of analysis Industries, firms, products Firms, resources Role of industry structure Exogenous Endogenous Characteristic to resources Identical, high mobility Heterogeneity, immobility Nature of strategies Generic Unique Time line of strategy Ex ante Ex post Determinants in the choice of Attractiveness of industries, a firm\u2019s Internal firm factors competitive strategy relative position within the industry Source of rents Profits from product market Unique firm-specific resources and positioning capabilities Nature of rents Monopoly-type rents Ricardian rents 27 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C The extent to which differentiation impacts on de- mand depends on three aspects: a firm\u2019s ability to differentiate its products, the competitive na- ture of the market environment and consumers\u2019 commitment to the products of competitive firms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5791", "words": "6152", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "\u00c5STR\u00d6M, M.; SUNDSTR\u00d6M, R.; HOLMBERG, M.", "title": "pH of streams in western Finland - a perspective from the Middle Ages into the mid 21st century", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acid; area; drainage; finland; forest; soils; streams; sulphate; water", "summary": "The results show that among several potentially acidifying activities, reclamation of mires for farmland (19th and 20th centuries) and subsurface drainage of acid sulphate soils (post-war times) are the major causes of the pH decline. Export of acidity in drainage water from acid sulphate soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5792", "words": "4631", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "\u00c5STR\u00d6M, M.; R\u00d6NNBACK, K.", "title": "Concentration levels and spatial distribution of sulphur and metals in fine-grained sediments in western Finland", "date": "2005", "keywords": "concentrations; finland; metals; samples; sediments; soils; \u00e5str\u00f6m", "summary": "The focus on these particular metals is due to the fact that they are both agriculturally and environmentally important, and that among them the mobility upon sediment oxidation (i.e. AS soil development) is highly variable: cobalt (Co), cop- per (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) are mobile and abundantly leached while chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and vana- dium (V) are not (Lahermo et al. 1996, \u00c5str\u00f6m and \u00c5str\u00f6m 1997, \u00c5str\u00f6m and Spiro 2000). It is however not directly related to the till geochemis- try, since metal concentrations in nearby samples of fine-grained sediments and till were low (rS = 0.19\u20130.47, Table 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5793", "words": "5703", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "ROOS, M.; \u00c5STR\u00d6M, M.", "title": "Hydrochemistry of rivers in an acid sulphate soil hotspot area in western Finland", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acid; concentrations; finland; group; l-1; land; river; soils; \u00e5str\u00f6m", "summary": "Acid sulphate soils are ex- pected to occupy large areas under the agricultural land (up to 50% according to Palko 1994), but their precise location and distribution is unknown. Mobility of Al, P and alkali and alkaline earth metals in acid sulphate soils in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5794", "words": "5150", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "\u00c5STR\u00d6M, M.; SPIRO, B.", "title": "Sources of acidity and metals in a stream draining acid sulphate soil, till and peat, western Finland, revealed by a hydrochemical and sulphur isotope study", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acid; concentrations; fig; finland; so4; soil; stream; sulphate; water; \u00e5str\u00f6m", "summary": "\u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2004 Sources of acidity and metals in a stream draining acid sulphate soil, till and peat, western Finland, revealed by a hydrochemical and sulphur isotope study Mats \u00c5str\u00f6m Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar University, SE\u201339182 Kalmar, Sweden, e-mail: mats.astrom@hik.se Baruch Spiro Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom Key words: acid sulphate soil, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, sulphur, ditching, sulphur isotopes, land use, catchment area 35 A G R", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5795", "words": "8749", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "\u00d6STERHOLM, P.; \u00c5STR\u00d6M, M.; SUNDSTR\u00d6M, R.", "title": "Assessment of aquatic pollution, remedial measures and juridical obligations of an acid sulphate soil area in western Finland", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acid; area; concentrations; drainage; finland; quality; rintala; soil; stream; sulphate; water; \u00e5str\u00f6m", "summary": "The use of the traditional open ditches instead of subsurface drainage on AS soil areas would have a significant positive effect on the water qual- ity (Palko and Yli-Halla 1993), but due to several agricultural drawbacks and the fact that most of the Rintala area is already drained by subsurface pipes, it can not be considered as a potential meth- od for Rintala. Furthermore, as this study shows, the Rintala streams are in most parts diluted by non-AS soil drain waters which further increases the amounts of waters that would have to be han- dled.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5796", "words": "8351", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "PAASONEN-KIVEK\u00c4S, M.; YLI-HALLA, M.", "title": "A comparison of nitrogen and carbon reserves in acid sulphate and non acid sulphate soils in western Finland", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acid; area; depth; field; finland; ha-1; halla; nmin; soil; sulphate; yli", "summary": "However, in acid soils (pH < 4), production of NO3 --N has been reported to occur probably due to heterotrophic ni- trifiers (Paul and Clark 1989). Results Soil profiles The three studied profiles in Area A had sulfidic materials in the subsoil, which started at the depth of 140 cm to 200 cm and had its average upper boundary at 170 cm, see Table 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5797", "words": "8171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Backlund, Krister; Boman, Anton; Fr\u00f6jd\u00f6, S\u00f6ren; \u00c5str\u00f6m, Mats ", "title": "An analytical procedure for determination of sulphur species and isotopes in boreal acid sulphate soils and sediments", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acid; avs; sediments; soils; species; sulphate; sulphur", "summary": "Determination of sulphur species in acid sulphate soils but still effective in preventing Fe3+ interference (Hsieh et al. 2002), is proposed as the preferable reagent to use when analysing AS soil samples. \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2004 An analytical procedure for determination of sulphur species and isotopes in boreal acid sulphate soils and sediments Krister Backlund, Anton Boman \u00c5bo Akademi University, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, FI-20500 Turku, Finland, e-mail: krister.backlund@abo.fi, anton.boman@abo.fi S\u00f6ren Fr\u00f6jd\u00f6 \u00c5bo Akademi University, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, FI-20500 Turku, Finland Mats \u00c5str\u00f6m Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden An analytical scheme suitable for boreal acid sulphate (AS) soils and sediments was developed on the basis of existing methods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5798", "words": "8463", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "LAX, K.", "title": "Stream plant chemistry as indicator of acid sulphate soils in Sweden", "date": "2005", "keywords": "area; concentrations; elements; kg-1; samples; sediments; soils; sweden", "summary": "Key words: acid sulphate soils, water, biogeochemistry, metals, mapping Introduction Fine-grained sediments of marine/lacustrine origin occur below the highest shoreline in Sweden and Finland. Isostatic land uplift is a natural process, and ranges from 0 to 9 mm per year in 84 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Lax, K. Stream plant chemistry as indicator of acid sulphate soils Sweden (Fred\u00e9n 1994).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5799", "words": "6017", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "KUSTULA, V.; WITICK, A.; MERIL\u00c4INEN, J.", "title": "Successive alkalinity producing system for the treatment of acid sulphate soil runoff: preliminary results of a field trial", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acid; alkalinity; cells; concentrations; date; finland; l-1; limestone; saps; sulphate; system; treatment; water", "summary": "Sizing of treatment cells Cell 1 (limestone cell) Therefore, to increase the alkalinity production of SAPS cells, the system will be modified to increase the contact time of water with limestone.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5800", "words": "7211", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "B\u00c4RLUND, I.; TATTARI, S.; YLI-HALLA, M.", "title": "Measured and simulated effects of sophisticated drainage techniques on groundwater level and runoff hydrochemistry in areas of boreal acid sulphate soils", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acidity; drainage; field; fig; groundwater; ilmajoki; l-1; lfd; model; mustasaari; n.a; soils; total; water", "summary": "Absolute change in drainage water pH due to meth- ods applied when compared with the reference field: com- bined lime filter and control drainage (LFD + CD), lime filter drainage (LFD) and control drainage (CD) in Ilma- joki for the years 1998\u20132002. Fig. 4. Relation between drainage water acidity and (a) total aluminium, (b) sulphate sulphur and (c) total manga- nese concentrations for the reference fields in Ilmajoki and Mustasaari in the years 1998\u20132002.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5801", "words": "579", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "YLI-HALLA, M.", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2005", "keywords": "food; journal", "summary": "These improvements make our ar- ticles available practically at all relevant libraries, universities and research institutes, since this journal is included in the package of a large number of scientific e-journals of our field delivered by Ingenta, irrespec- tive of the distribution of the hard copies. The technological advances make Agricultural and Food Science (34 published articles in 2004) equally available as larger journals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5802", "words": "773", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "\u00c5STR\u00d6M, M.", "title": "Preface", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acid; sulphate", "summary": "The main reasons for this are that (1) the acid sulphate soil leaching has a diffuse character, i.e., the discharge occurs via hundreds of thousands of small, mostly uni- dentified ditches in coastal areas (mainly in Pohjanmaa (Ostrobothnia), V\u00e4sterbotten, Norrbotten, and south-western Finland), (2) the acid sulphate soil leaching is complex, i.e., the source of the acids and met- als consists of natural sediments, but the mechanisms mobilizing these compounds are triggered by human activities, (3) the leaching from acid sulphate soils is mainly from agricultural fields, i.e., it is farmland drainage that results in acid sulphate soil development and since agriculture is already experiencing eco- nomic problems, there are political difficulties associated with attempts to highlight the problem. Unfortunately, there are a number of exceptions, and one of these is constituted by acid sulphate soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5803", "words": "6639", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "LIU, X.; PIETOLA, K.", "title": "Forward hedging under price and production risk of wheat", "date": "2005", "keywords": "correlation; forward; harvest; hedge; hedging; model; price; risk; wheat; yield", "summary": "22835_01_Liu.indd 126 12.10.2005 14:08:43 127 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 14 (2005): 123\u2013133. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 \u20ac/tonne actual price intervention price s s s s s s s Fig. Hedging price risk in the presence of crop yield and revenue insurance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5804", "words": "5326", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "RUUNANIEMI, J.; HAUTALA, M.; AHOKAS, J.", "title": "Physical properties of synthetic bedding materials for free-stall dairy cow", "date": "2005", "keywords": "bedding; conditions; cow; cows; dairy; flux; force; friction; heat; material; properties; softness; time; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "Key words: cows, synthetic bed, mats, bedding materials, physical properties Introduction The use of unheated cubicles for housing dairy cat- tle has increased in Finland since the 1990s. Bedding material has to be chosen according to the conditions in the build- ing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5805", "words": "7797", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "HUHTANEN, P.; NOUSIAINEN, J.; RINNE, M.", "title": "Prediction of silage composition and organic matter digestibility from herbage composition and pepsin-cellulase solubility", "date": "2005", "keywords": "content; digestibility; grass; growth; herbage; model; ndf; omd; oms; silage", "summary": "Accurate and precise predictions of digest- ibility at harvesting time are essential in manage- ment of milk production systems based on a large proportion of grass silage in the diet. The data are derived from digestibility experiments conducted in MTT Agrifood Research Finland in order to develop meteorological D-value model and to study laboratory techniques in predicting feeding value of grass silages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5806", "words": "10042", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "VIRTANEN, H.; NOUSIAINEN, J.", "title": "Nitrogen and phosphorus balances on Finnish dairy farms", "date": "2005", "keywords": "dairy; farm; feed; ha-1; import; milk; nutrient; production; total; wfb", "summary": "Studies examining the environmental impacts of milk products throughout their whole life cycle have shown that a major part of the effects arises from raw milk production on dairy farms (H\u00f8gaas Eide 2002, Voutilainen et al. 2003). Published research on WFB for N and P (N- WFB and P-WFB) on dairy farms in Finland is still limited and the datasets are based on results from a few farms or from a specific area (e.g. V\u00e4is\u00e4nen 1996, Poikela 2000).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5807", "words": "4826", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "SOINNE, H.; PELTOVUORI, T.", "title": "Extractability of slurry and fertilizer phosphorus in soil after repeated freezing", "date": "2005", "keywords": "effects; freezing; incubation; mineral; npk; phosphorus; results; slurry; soil; water", "summary": "Incubation experiment The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on soil P in the organic and mineral soils amended with pig slurry or NPK fertilizer was investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment. Below, H2SO4-soluble P after ignition is referred to as total soil P (TP).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5808", "words": "7242", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "SALONEN, J.; HYV\u00d6NEN, T.; JALLI, H.", "title": "Weed flora and weed management of field peas in Finland", "date": "2005", "keywords": "analysis; control; crop; cropping; fields; finland; flora; pea; salonen; species; table; variables; variation; weed", "summary": "Discussion The total number of weed species (76) recorded in pea fields illustrates the species richness of arable fields. 22835_07_Salonen.indd 189 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 14 (2005): 189\u2013201. \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received December 2004 Weed flora and weed management of field peas in Finland Jukka Salonen, Terho Hyv\u00f6nen and Heikki Jalli", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5809", "words": "6632", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "KYM\u00c4L\u00c4INEN, H-R.; NYKTER, M.; HAUTALA, M.", "title": "Hygienic quality of stem fractions of mechanically processed fibre hemp and linseed", "date": "2005", "keywords": "ash; fibre; fractions; frost; hemp; linseed; spring; stems", "summary": "Key words: hygienic quality, microbes, ash, bast fibres, linseed, fibre hemp, Linum usitatissimum, Cannabis sativa Introduction Recent research of bast fibre plants has been fo- cused on non-textile applications. Two plant species, fibre hemp and linseed were studied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5810", "words": "6407", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "B\u00c4CKMAN, S.; LANSINK, A.", "title": "Crop and soil specific N and P efficiency and productivity in Finland", "date": "2005", "keywords": "data; efficiency; frontier; mineral; production; productivity; soil", "summary": "I E N C E Appendix 1 276 Crop and soil specific N and P efficiency andproductivity in Finland Introduction Measurement of soil specificmineral efficiency Soil specific mineral efficiency Empirical model Data and estimation Results Discussion Conclusions References Appendix 1 Soil specific efficiency for Nitro- gen and Phosphorous (ES) are consistent with equation (2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5811", "words": "9725", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "IHO, A.", "title": "Does scale matter?Cost-effectiveness of agricultural nutrient abatement when target level varies", "date": "2005", "keywords": "abatement; buffer; contribution; cost; effectiveness; fertilizer; levels; loss; measures; model; phosphorus; reduction; target; total; use; wetlands", "summary": "21 Lowering the maximum abatement affects the whole range of wetland abatement cost function. Sensitivity analysis For the sensitivity analysis we varied input and output prices, land allocation changes, parameter values for crop yield and P-loss functions, and phosphorus abatement cost functions for wetlands and buffer strips (i.e. the parameters of initial, op- erations and maintenance cost, abatement and yield functions).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5812", "words": "8806", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "SIPIL\u00c4INEN, T.; RYH\u00c4NEN, M.", "title": "Technical change in Finnish grass silage production", "date": "2005", "keywords": "area; change; efficiency; factors; farms; frontier; grass; growth; input; model; output; production; productivity; silage; technical; time", "summary": "\u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received May 2004 Technical change in Finnish grass silage production Timo Sipil\u00e4inen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: timo.sipilainen@mtt.fi Matti Ryh\u00e4nen Sein\u00e4joki Polytechnic, School of Agriculture and Forestry, Ilmajoentie 525, FI-60800 Ilmajoki, Finland, e-mail: matti.ryhanen@seamk.fi Stochastic production frontier analysis is applied in decomposing output growth of grass silage production to technical change, technical efficiency change, scale effect and input growth. Table 6 shows the annual tech- nical change, technical efficiency change and scale effect calculated on the basis of Model 7.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5813", "words": "8430", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "BOJNEC, S.; PETER, G.", "title": "Vertical market integration and competition : the meat sector in Slovenia", "date": "2005", "keywords": "august; beef; farm; gate; integration; margin; market; meat; pork; price; retail; tests", "summary": "Data Due to problems constructing data series of higher frequency (e.g. weekly) for Slovenia, monthly farm-gate and retail beef and pork prices are used in this analysis (January 1990 to August 2000). The period 1990\u20131992 in- cludes a shock, which followed the secession from the former Yugoslavia, when farm-gate beef and pork prices and retail beef and pork prices sharply increased.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5814", "words": "7249", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "NIEMI, J.", "title": "The static welfare effects of the accession to the European Union on the Finnish agricultural markets", "date": "2005", "keywords": "accession; analysis; consumption; demand; effects; entry; eur; finland; policy; price; producers; production; welfare", "summary": "Static calculations are used to illus- trate how adopting EU price levels have affected producer and consumer surpluses. Comparison of market prices and per-unit subsidies received by producers before the EU accession in 1994 and after the entry in 2003 (EUR/kg). 1994 2003 Market Direct Per-unit Market Direct Per-unit Commodity price payment gross return price payment gross return Wheat 0.36 0.03 0.39 0.12 0.23 0.35 Barley 0.26 0.05 0.31 0.11 0.19 0.30 Oats 0.25 0.05 0.30 0.09 0.19 0.28 Beef 3.78 2.00 5.78 1.86 1.68 3.54 Pork 2.65 0.10 2.75 1.15 0.88 2.03 Poultry 2.00 0.09 2.09 1.17 0.77 1.94 Eggs 1.88 0.14 2.02 0.80 0.98 1.78 Milk 0.35 0.22 0.57 0.34 0.19 0.53 Source: MTT Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5815", "words": "11816", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "RIKKONEN, P.", "title": "Scenarios for future agriculture in Finland: a Delphi study among agri-food sector stakeholders", "date": "2005", "keywords": "agriculture; c u; delphi; expert; finland; food; future; images; importance; n c; panel; policy; process; production; round; scenarios; study", "summary": "These opinions can be convert- ed as alternative future scenarios that are present- ing future views in desirability, probability and importance points of view. In this article, the main purpose is to present alternative future scenarios for Finnish agriculture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5816", "words": "11133", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "SUMELIUS, J.; MESIC, M.; GRGIC, Z.", "title": "Marginal abatement costs for reducing leaching of nitrates in Croatian agriculture", "date": "2005", "keywords": "abatement; fertiliser; function; ha-1; leaching; levels; mac; maize; n c; no3; production; profit; tax", "summary": "Marginal abatement costs for reducing leaching of nitrates in agriculture Introduction Non-point-source pollution involving nitrogen (N) from agriculture is widely recognised to be a major cause of water-quality problems. N, in the form of NO3, is easily soluble and transported in runoff, in tile drainage, and with leachate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5817", "words": "623", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "PIETOLA, K.; LANKOSKI, J.", "title": "Preface", "date": "2005", "keywords": "food", "summary": "The paper by Bojnec and Peter is very topical in the context of integrating the new member states into European single market, because the welfare benefits gained by expanding the European Union crucially hinge on market efficiency. Agricultural policy reforms, brought in by accession to the EU have resulted in signifi- cant welfare gains for Finnish society.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5818", "words": "10520", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "PARTANEN, K.; JALAVA, T.", "title": "Effects of some organic acids and salts on microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets estimated using an in vitro gas production technique", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acid; benzoate; d 0; effects; fermentation; formic; gas; production; sorbate", "summary": "In con- clusion, organic acids and salts were found to differ in their ability to modulate microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets. Key words: pigs, fermentation, organic acids, organic salts 312 A G R", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5819", "words": "6217", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "PERTTIL\u00c4, S.; VALAJA, J.; JALAVA, T.", "title": "Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers", "date": "2005", "keywords": "acids; amino; barley; content; digestibility; grains; ileal; maize; oats; poultry; science; triticale; values; wheat", "summary": "Amino acid digestibility in non-ruminants \u2013 a review. \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received July 2005 Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers Sini Perttil\u00e4, Jarmo Valaja and Taina Jalava MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: sini.perttila@mtt.fi Using ileal digestible amino acids in feed optimising will intensify feed protein utilizing and decrease nit- rogen excretion to the environment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5820", "words": "6759", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "UUSITALO, R.; AURA, E.", "title": "A rainfall simulation study on the relationships between soil test P versus dissolved and potentially bioavailable particulate phosphorus forms in runoff", "date": "2005", "keywords": "aer; concentrations; drp; extractable; forms; pac; phosphorus; runoff; soil; tss; uusitalo", "summary": "Results and discussion Agronomic P status and P saturation of the soils Ammonium acetate is a weak extract for soil P, the amounts of soil P extractable in the acetate buffer 340 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Uusitalo, R. & Aura, E. Relationships between P pools in runoff versus soil test P (in 1:10 soil-to-solution ratio) being approximately the same as those solubilized in 1:60 soil-to-water suspension (Yli-Halla 1989, Saarela et al. 2003). Whilst the relationship between soil P satura- tion and the DRP concentration in runoff (Fig. 3) has a shape similar to many of the published curves between soil P and runoff DRP concentration (e.g. Heckrath et al. 1995, McDowell and Sharpley 2001), the contents of AER-PP and BD-PP in eroded sediment were in our material linearly re- lated with DPSM3 (Fig. 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5821", "words": "4861", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "SALOVUO, H.; RONKAINEN, P.; HEINO, A.", "title": "Introduction of automatic milking system in Finland effect on milk quality", "date": "2005", "keywords": "ams; bacteria; introduction; milk; milking; ml-1; quality; system", "summary": "As can be seen in Table 2, counts over 100 cfu ml-1 are more frequent in AMS milk than in conventional milk. Key words: automatic milking, milk quality, somatic cell count, total bacteria count Introduction", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5822", "words": "4723", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "MART\u00cdNEZ, J.; CHIESTA, A.; TOVAR, F.", "title": "Respiration rate and ethylene production of fresh cut lettuce as affected by cutting grade", "date": "2005", "keywords": "art\u00e9s; co2; cutting; ethylene; grade; lettuce", "summary": "Respiration rate and ethylene production of fresh cut lettuce 10 and 15 in the greatest. Moreover, it was found that the increase of RR in fresh cut lettuce was highest in the thinnest grade (Fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5823", "words": "6632", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "HAUKKAP\u00c4\u00c4, A-L.; JUNNILA, S.; ERIKSSON, C.", "title": "Efficacy of imazamox in imidazolinone-resistant spring oilseed rape in Finland", "date": "2005", "keywords": "effect; exp; ha-1+s; herbicide; imazamox; oilseed; rape; weeds", "summary": "Numbers in italic refer to the percentage of weed number or dry weight compared to control. Numbers in italic refer to the percentage of weed number or dry weight compared to control.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5824", "words": "8658", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "SERENIUS, M.; HUUSELA-VEISTOLA, E.; AVIKAINEN, H.", "title": "Effects of sowing time on pink snow mould, leaf rust and winter damage in winter rye varieties in Finland", "date": "2005", "keywords": "autumn; damage; finland; infection; leaf; location; mietoinen; mould; rust; rye; snow; sowing; sowing time; time; varieties; variety; winter", "summary": "\u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2004 Effects of sowing time on pink snow mould, leaf rust and winter damage in winter rye varieties in Finland Marjo Serenius, Erja Huusela-Veistola, Hanna Avikainen, Katri Pahkala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: erja.huusela-veistola@mtt.fi Antti Laine MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Southwest Finland Research Station, FI-23120 Mietoinen, Finland Disease infection in relation to sowing time of winter rye (Secale cereale) was studied in southern Finland in order to compare overwintering capacity of modern rye varieties and to give recommendations for rye cultivation. Key words: snow mould, Microdochium nivale, Puccinia recondita, overwintering, winter rye, Secale cere- ale, frit fly, winter hardening Introduction Cultivated rye in Finland has changed from native landraces, which were common before the 1930s, to population varieties after the 1960s (Paatela 1953, Pessi 1965).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5825", "words": "10414", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "HUUSELA-VEISTOLA, E.; JALLI, H.; SALONEN, J.", "title": "Sowing time affects the abundance of pests and weeds in winter rye", "date": "2006", "keywords": "autumn; c u; finland; fly; frit; jokioinen; location; mietoinen; n c; oct; p\u00e4lk\u00e4ne; rye; sowing; sowing time; sown; spring; time; variety; weed; winter", "summary": "Discussion Insect\u2002pests The risk of frit fly problems was clearly highest in early sown winter rye although in small trial plots damage can be overestimated. In particular years, when early sown winter rye has been heavily damaged by frit fly, yields were only 49\u201370% of those from rye sown at the normal time (Linnom\u00e4ki 1958).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5826", "words": "8161", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "KUUSELA, E.", "title": "Annual and seasonal changes in mineral contents (Ca, Mg, P, K and Na) of grazed clover-grass mixtures in organic farming", "date": "2006", "keywords": "2004; clover; concentrations; content; grass; grazing; herbage; kg-1; kuusela; mineral; mixture; ratio; seed", "summary": "In this study the effect of seed mixture (alsike clover, red clover, white clover, white and alsike clover or grass mixture), year (1997, 1998) and grazing period (5 per grazing season) on the herbage calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) phosphorous (P) and sodium (Na) contents was assessed and the relationships between botanical proportions and herbage mineral contents were studied. The relationship between botanical proportions and herbage mineral content was as- sessed using Spearman correlation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5827", "words": "5061", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "KYM\u00c4L\u00c4INEN, H-R.; SJ\u00d6BERG, A-M.", "title": "Cadmium content of Finnish linseed and estimated consumer intake", "date": "2006", "keywords": "cadmium; content; crush; daily; intake; kg-1; linseed; samples; study", "summary": "I E N C E Kym\u00e4l\u00e4inen, H.-R. & Sj\u00f6berg, A.-M. Cadmium content of linseed of Cd content in the grain of linseed has been measured in various international studies (Table 1). Examined linseed samples Cd content, mg kg-1 Reference Yellow mean 0.23 Klein & Weigert 1987 Brown mean 0.38 Klein & Weigert 1987 118 seed samples and 16 genotypes 0.10\u20131.70 (dw) Marquard et al. 1990 14 commercial varieties 0.02\u20130.10 (fw) Li et al.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5828", "words": "4061", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "SERENIUS, M.; MANNINEN, O.", "title": "Prochloraz tolerance of Pyrenophora teres population in Finland", "date": "2006", "keywords": "field; fungicide; growth; isolates; medium; ml-1; mtt; prochloraz; teres", "summary": "P. teres isolates were tested in two successive experiments, both having two replicates per isolate for each treatment. In spite of the effect of experiment, results indicated that field origin of P. teres isolates had an effect on radial growth in vitro.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5829", "words": "6631", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "VEROMANN, E.; TARANG, T.; KEVV\u00c4I, R.", "title": "Insect pests and their natural enemies on spring oilseed rape in Estonia : impact of cropping systems", "date": "2006", "keywords": "aeneus; bbch; estonia; field; min; oilseed; oilseed rape; parasitoids; pests; rape; stn", "summary": "In oilseed rape fields, the dominant predators are carabids, these having the greatest biomass in comparison with rove beetles and spi- ders (Goltermann 1994). Insect pest of oilseed rape crops.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5830", "words": "6518", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "YLI-HALLA, M.; MOKMA, D. L.; WILDING, L. P.", "title": "Formation of a cultivated spodosol in east-central Finland", "date": "2006", "keywords": "+ +; bhsm; et al; finland; horizon; mokma; pedon; sand; soil", "summary": "(a) organic particles and uncoated sand grains in Ap horizon, (b) uncoated sand grains in E horizon, (c) sand grains cemented by complexes in Bhsm horizon, (d) cracked coatings bridging sand grains in Bhsm horizon, (e) thin coatings on sand grains in Bs horizon, and (f) relatively unweathered and uncoated sand grains and plenty of biotite (brown) in BCg horizon. The smectite found in E horizons of other Spodosols in Finland was identi\ufffd\ufffded as dioctahedral (Righi et al.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5831", "words": "690", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "YLI-HALLA, M.", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2006", "keywords": "journal; research", "summary": "Even today, printed journals may still be the most reliable way to guarantee this continuity for further generations. These numbers show that electronic use of scientific papers has become very widespread.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5832", "words": "10377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "RIESINGER, P.; HYV\u00d6NEN, T.", "title": "Weed occurrence in Finnish coastal regions: a survey of organically cropped spring cereals", "date": "2006", "keywords": "arvensis; crop; density; et al; finland; mukula; n c; northwest; number; regions; salonen; south; species; spp; spring; weed; weed species; weight", "summary": "In the first national weed survey carried out in Finland, Mukula et al. (1969) attributed geographi- cal differences of frequency of occurrence and abundance of weed species to differences in climate and soil properties. Another measure that has a selective impact on weed species is seed cleaning (Svensson and Wigren 1986).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5833", "words": "7010", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "ASTOVER, A.; ROOSTALU, H.; M\u00d5TTE, M.", "title": "Decision support system for agricultural land use and fertilisation optimisation: a case study on barley production in Estonia", "date": "2006", "keywords": "barley; decision; fertiliser; field; gis; land; models; production; soil; use", "summary": "Average field soil quality in study area is 37 points. The aim of the present study was to analyse the application of different agro-economic models in a computer-based decision support system, developed for optimisation of agricultural land use and fertilisa- tion, on the example of barley production of Kullamaa rural municipality in Estonia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5834", "words": "11116", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "PARTANEN, K.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.; ALAVIUHKOLA, T.", "title": "Feeding weaned piglets and growing-finishing pigs with diets based on mainly home-grown organic feedstuffs", "date": "2006", "keywords": "carcass; diets; faba; feed; feeding; g kg-1; kg-1; organic; performance; piglets; pigs; protein; treatments; weight", "summary": "In Experiment 2, we studied the replacement (0, 33, or 67%) of rapeseed cake with blue lupins in fattening pig diets. According to van Barneveld (1999), blue lupins can be included in pig diets at high lev- els without having negative effects on feed intake or growth performance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5835", "words": "12864", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "SAARELA, I.; SALO, Y.; VUORINEN, M.", "title": "Effects of repeated phosphorus fertilisation on field crops in Finland 1.Yield responses on clay and loam soils relation to soil test P values", "date": "2006", "keywords": "bar; clay; crops; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; loam; pac; saarela; soil; table; values; years; yield", "summary": "extract- ed little P from most Finnish mineral soils indicat- ing a low content of dissolved phosphate in soil solution, or a low intensity of soil P, in agreement with Pw. The P values determined by the Finnish acid (pH 4.65) ammonium acetate method (PAc) used since the 1950s, have predicted the availability of soil P fairly well in moderately and weakly acid soils (Ker\u00e4nen et al. 1963, Saarela 2002).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5836", "words": "8445", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "MATTILA, P. K.", "title": "Spring barley yield and nitrogen recovery after application of peat manure and pig slurry", "date": "2006", "keywords": "application; barley; fertilizer; inc; inorganic; irrigation; manure; peat; peat manure; recovery; slurry; soil; surface; yield", "summary": "However, both slurry and peat manure should be incorporated to improve and ensure the utilization of manure N. Soil mois\u2011 ture deficit in spring and early summer limited the availability of manure N and lowered barley yield and its quality. Post\u2011 ponement of manure application until spring may raise the utilization of manure N by crops several times higher (Kemppainen 1989) and prevents leaching losses of manure N that may occur in winter and during snowmelt (Kemppainen 1995, Turtola and Kemppainen 1998).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5837", "words": "8306", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "MATTILA, P. K.", "title": "Ammonia volatilization, nitrogen in soil, and growth of barley after application of peat manure and pig slurry", "date": "2006", "keywords": "ammonia; application; barley; concentration; experiment; manure; nh3; peat; peat manure; slurry; soil; surface; volatilization", "summary": "The low volatilization was due to the adsorption of manure ammoniacal N by peat, and the infiltration of slurry into harrowed, moist clay soil. As with surface applied peat manure in Experi- ment 2, Dendooven et al. (1998) observed a three- day rise in pH of a soil amended with pig slurry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5838", "words": "9203", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; K\u00c4NK\u00c4NEN, H.; PAHKALA, K.", "title": "Polymer coated turnip rape seed did not facilitate early broadcast sowing under Finnish growing conditions", "date": "2006", "keywords": "coating; control; germination; polymer; rape; seeds; sowing; spring; turnip", "summary": "The original objectives of the investigations were: 1) to identify a seed coating material that re- sists too early imbibition of turnip rape seed when sown in early winter or spring, 2) to monitor cost- efficient management practices that sustain early and even crop establishment, and 3) to compare the development and growth of early sown turnip rape with that of a conventional May-sown crop. Rape seeds are known to persist in soil for up to 10 years (Schlink 1998), but seed predation 158 A G R I C U L T U R A L \u2002 A N D \u2002 F O O D \u2002 S C", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5839", "words": "9417", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "SAARISALO, E.; JALAVA, T.; SKYTT\u00c4, E.", "title": "Effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculants, formic acid, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of wilted grass silage", "date": "2006", "keywords": "acid; additives; e76; et al; experiment; fermentation; kg-1; nab; silage; sodium; stability", "summary": "\ufffdissertation, \ufffd\ufffdnchen, Germany.\ufffdissertation, \ufffd\ufffdnchen, Germany. In\ufffd\ufffduence of lactic acid starterIn\ufffd\ufffduence of lactic acid starter cultures on the quality of malt and beer.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5840", "words": "13182", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "JAAKKOLA, S.; RINNE, M.; HEIKKIL\u00c4, T.", "title": "Effects of restriction of silage fermentation with formic acid on milk production", "date": "2006", "keywords": "acid; c e; concentration; e n; effects; fermentation; milk; n c; n d; protein; silage", "summary": "Effects of restriction of silage fermentation withformic acid on milk production Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Rapeseed meal increased milk yield irrespective of the extent of silage fermentation, but the magnitude of response was variable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5841", "words": "11925", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "TUORI, M.; RINNE, M.; VANHATALO, A.", "title": "Omasal sampling technique in estimation of the site and extent of mineral absorption in dairy cows fed rapeseed and soybean expellers", "date": "2006", "keywords": "ab \ufffd; ele \ufffd; ho \ufffd; la \ufffd; o \ufffd; pho \ufffd; pre \ufffd; ra \ufffd; ro \ufffd; ru \ufffd; s \ufffd; u \ufffd; \ufffd al; \ufffd e; \ufffd ee; \ufffd ent; \ufffd h; \ufffd horu; \ufffd ow; \ufffd ri; \ufffd t; \ufffd ta; \ufffd tion; \ufffd water; \ufffd y; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd\ufffd\ufffde\ufffdt\ufffd\ufffd o\ufffd nitro\ufffden an\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdul\ufffdhur on \ufffd\ufffdi\ufffde\ufffd\ufffdtion an\ufffd\ufffd nutritive quality o\ufffd war\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdea\ufffd\ufffdon \ufffdra\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd hay\ufffd\ufffd \ufffdor \ufffdattle an\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdhee\ufffd. Sul\ufffdhur \ufffderti\u2011 li\ufffd\ufffdation o\ufffd \ufffdool \ufffd\ufffdea\ufffd\ufffdon \ufffdra\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffde\ufffd\ufffd an\ufffd\ufffd e\ufffd\ufffde\ufffdt on utili\ufffd\ufffdation o\ufffd \ufffdineral\ufffd\ufffd, nitro\ufffden an\ufffd\ufffd fibre by \ufffd\ufffdteer\ufffd\ufffd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5842", "words": "11379", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "PURSIAINEN, P.; TUORI, M.", "title": "Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow", "date": "2006", "keywords": "acid; barley; barley silage; content; cows; dairy; digestibility; et al; grass silage; intake; intercrop; kg-1; milk; pbs; pea; silage; silage dm", "summary": "Effects of cultivars on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition, and ruminal degradability of pea silage. Whole-crop cereal silage has been recently studied as an alternative to or in combination with grass silage in dairy cow feeding (Jaakkola et al. 2001, 2003) as it offers several benefits for the farms which are specialized in grass production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5843", "words": "10153", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "VANHATALO, A.; G\u00c4DDN\u00c4S, T.; HEIKKIL\u00c4, T.", "title": "Microbial protein synthesis, digestion and lactation responses of cows to grass or grass-red clover silage diet supplemented with barley or oats", "date": "2006", "keywords": "barley; clover diets; clover silage; cows; diets; et al; fat; grass; grass silage; milk; oats; production; protein; red clover; rumen; silage diets", "summary": "Furthermore, grass-red clover diets in comparison to grass silage diets increased milk lactose concentration and yields of milk, protein and lactose. Sig- nificant interaction (P < 0.001) between the sam- pling time and experimental diet was found for rumen pH and VFA concentrations owing to the lower pH and higher VFA concentrations during the latter part of the feeding interval (4 to 10 h after morning feeding) obtained for grass-red clover rather than grass silage diets (Fig. 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5844", "words": "7197", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "KHALILI, H.; M\u00c4NTYSAARI, P.; SARIOLA, J.", "title": "Effect of concentrate feeding strategy on the performance of dairy cows fed total mixed rations", "date": "2006", "keywords": "concentrate; cows; feeding; intake; kg-1; lactation; milk; multiparous; primiparous; tmr1; tmr2c; total", "summary": "Key words: dairy cows, concentrates, grass silage, total mixed ration, milk yield, feed intake Introduction\u2002 During the EU membership since 1995 the number of Finnish farms has fallen, but the aver- age size has increased (Niemi and Ahlstedt 2003). Thus the objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in the feed intake and milk production of dairy cows fed ei- ther sole TMR (fixed proportion of concentrate 0.51) representing simplified feeding or TMR (fixed proportion of concentrate 0.45) combined with a decreasing amount of additional adjustable concentrate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5845", "words": "7880", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "SAIRANEN, A.; KHALILI, H.; VIRKAJ\u00c4RVI, P.", "title": "Comparison of part-time grazing and indoor silage feeding on milk production", "date": "2006", "keywords": "cows; day; experiment; feeding; grass; grazing; group; intake; milk; pasture; production; protein; silage; time", "summary": "Rapeseed meal supple- mentation increased milk protein yield (P < 0.01) more on silage feeding group (81 g d-1) compared with day-time grazed group (45 g d-1). Ensiling of herbage per se had little effect on overall animal performance (Cushnahan and Mayne 1995), but ensiling degrades the grass protein extensively and decreases the rumen mi- crobial protein synthesis, reducing the protein value of grass silage compared with fresh grass (Verbi vc et al. 1999, Givens and Rulquin 2004).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5846", "words": "21185", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "HUHTANEN, P.; NOUSIAINEN, J.; RINNE, M.", "title": "Recent developments in forage evaluation with special reference to practical applications", "date": "2006", "keywords": "esti \ufffd; forage; indf; kg-1; lignin; o \ufffd; pre \ufffd; prediction; refle \ufffd; ru \ufffd; silage \ufffd; spe \ufffd; \ufffd .r; \ufffd al; \ufffd e; \ufffd ee; \ufffd ell; \ufffd en; \ufffd eri; \ufffd es; \ufffd eter; \ufffd f; \ufffd fibre; \ufffd grass; \ufffd igestibility; \ufffd igestion; \ufffd opy; \ufffd rare; \ufffd ro; \ufffd s.; \ufffd tion; \ufffd tros; \ufffd u; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "A theo\ufffd reti\ufffdally\ufffdbase\ufffd\ufffd \ufffdo\ufffd\ufffdel \ufffd\ufffdor pre\ufffd\ufffdi\ufffdting total \ufffd\ufffdigestible nu\ufffd trients o\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdorages an\ufffd\ufffd \ufffdon\ufffdentrates. \ufffdevelope\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffdro\ufffd the 4th International Con\ufffd\ufffderen\ufffde on Near In\ufffd\ufffdrare\ufffd\ufffd Spe\ufffdtros\ufffdopy, Aber\ufffd\ufffdeen, S\ufffdotlan\ufffd\ufffd, 19\u201323 August 1991.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5847", "words": "10735", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "PARTANEN, K.; KARHAP\u00c4\u00c4, M.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.", "title": "Performance, carcass quality, and gastric alterations in fattening pigs fed additives containing formic acid either coated with sorbate or mixed with lactic acid", "date": "2006", "keywords": "acid; blend; control; diets; fattening; feed; formic; grower; growth; kg-; lactic; performance; pigs; sorbate; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "\ufffd \ufffd0.5 9.5 \ufffd0.4 Methionine 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.8 Cystine 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.6 Threonine 6.9 7.5 7.7 7.3 6.9 7. \ufffd \ufffd.3 2.\ufffd \ufffd.4 \ufffd.4 2.7 3.\ufffd 0.5 0.74 Diarrhoea indexb, c \ufffd.3 \ufffd.3 2.3 \ufffd.6 \ufffd.6 2.9 3.5 0.7 0.86 a In pens with normal faeces, all the daily faecal scores were 0 during the whole observation period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-58477", "words": "4538", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Tanhuanp\u00e4\u00e4, Pirjo; Isolahti, Mika; Oiva, Nissinen; Manninen, Outi", "title": "DNA markers for Typhula resistance in timothy (Phleum pratense L.)", "date": "2016", "keywords": "dna; index; individuals; markers; resistance; survival; tanhuanp\u00e4\u00e4; timothy; typhula", "summary": "Statistical analyses Data from resistance test were analyzed statistically using the Proc MIXED function in SAS 6.11 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA) and the association of each marker with Typhula resistance was evaluated by regression analysis using Proc REG in SAS 9.3. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE P. Tanhuanp\u00e4\u00e4 et al. (2016) 25: 146\u2013152 146 DNA markers for Typhula resistance in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) Pirjo Tanhuanp\u00e4\u00e41, Mika Isolahti2, Oiva Nissinen3, Outi Manninen2 1Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 2Boreal Plant Breeding Ltd, Myllytie 10, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 3MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Etel\u00e4ranta 55, 96300 Rovaniemi, Finland email: pirjo.tanhuanpaa@luke.fi The objective of the study was to find DNA markers associated with resistance to Typhula ishikariensis in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) using bulked-segregant analysis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5848", "words": "6213", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "KENTT\u00c4MIES, H.; NIKKIL\u00c4, M.; MIETTINEN, M.", "title": "Phenotypic and genetic parameters and responses in temperament of silver fox cubs in a selection experiment for confident behaviour", "date": "2006", "keywords": "animal; behaviour; confidence; cubs; et al; foxes; line; selection; silver; year", "summary": "The main objectives of the present study with silver fox cubs was to discover if selection for CB towards humans produces selection response, and if change in CB coincides with changes in AG and ease of capture (EC). Estimates of heritability (h2) and litter effect (c2) with standard errors (SE), additive genetic (\u03c32 a), litter (\u03c32 l) and environmental variances (\u03c32 e) for confidence of silver fox cubs in all data, selection line and control line.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5849", "words": "1115", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "VANHATALO, A.", "title": "Foreword", "date": "2006", "keywords": "animal; research; science", "summary": "Professor Poutiainen started his scientific career as a research scientist at MTT Agrifood Research Finland (previously Agricultural Research Centre of Finland) in 1962. Professor Poutiainen held the professorship until he became appointed Director General of MTT in 1984.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5850", "words": "9104", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "VANHALA, P.; L\u00d6TJ\u00d6NEN, T.; HURME, T.", "title": "Managing Sonchus arvensis using mechanical and cultural methods", "date": "2006", "keywords": "biomass; cer; cereal; control; crop; cultivation; ensis; hemp; hoeing; ley; s. ar; stubble; treatments; weed", "summary": "In terms of biomass, the main species were Stachys \ufffdalustris, Cirsiu\ufffd ar\ufffdense, Ely\ufffdus re\ufffdens, Stel- laria \ufffdedia (L.) Vill., Cheno\ufffdodiu\ufffd albu\ufffd L., Fallo\ufffdia \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received December 2004 Managing\u2002Sonchus\u2002arvensis\u2002using\u2002mechanical\u2002and\u2002 cultural\u2002methods Petri Vanhala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Protection, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-\ufffdail: \ufffdetri.\ufffdanhala\ufffd\ufffdtt.\ufffd\ufffde-\ufffdail: \ufffdetri.\ufffdanhala\ufffd\ufffdtt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5851", "words": "17987", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "HELIN, J.; LAUKKANEN, M.; KOIKKALAINEN, K.", "title": "Abatement costs for agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus loads: a case study of crop farming in south-western Finland", "date": "2006", "keywords": "abatement; agricultural; b b; b c; b j; crop j; d j; e n; j j; j k; j ke; k b; k d; k f; k l; k n; k s; k x; k x\u03bc; n b; n c; n d; n j; nitrogen; p n; s j; tillage k; \u2212 \u2212", "summary": "N j k j k j k B j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k p f N p N j k j k j k B j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k p f N p", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5852", "words": "8030", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "POUTA, E.; OVASKAINEN, V.", "title": "Assessing the recreational demand for agricultural land in Finland", "date": "2006", "keywords": "agriculture; areas; benefits; data; day; demand; destination; environment; finland; land; model; recreation; site; tourism; trips; use; value", "summary": "Assessing\u2002the\u2002recreational\u2002demand\u2002for\u2002 agricultural\u2002land\u2002in\u2002Finland Eija Pouta MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: eija.pouta@mtt.fi Ville Ovaskainen Finnish Forest Research Institute, \ufffdnioninkatu 40 A, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland, \ufffdnioninkatu 40 A, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland It is widely assumed that the scenic attractiveness and other public good aspects of agricultural land can be utilized as a source of livelihood in rural areas in the form of recreation and tourism. We first analyse the choice of recreation site type based on a model that aggregates sites using the presence of agricultural land as an aggregation variable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5853", "words": "14783", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "SAARELA, I.; HUHTA, H.; VIRKAJ\u00c4RVI, P.", "title": "Effects of repeated phosphorus fertilisation on field crops in Finland 2.Sufficient phosphorus application rates on silty and sandy soils", "date": "2006", "keywords": "bar bar; clay; crops; dm-3; et al; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; loam; pac; phosphorus; saarela; silty; soils; test; values; yield", "summary": "After the rapid build-up of soil P re- serves and the introduction of the placement ferti- lisation technique in the 1960s and early 1970s, earlier field experiments were no longer consid- ered adequate for estimating P fertilisation needs. The CaCl2 meth- od introduced by Houba et al. (1990) extracted lit- tle P from most Finnish mineral soils, indicating a low content of dissolved P in soil solution, or a low intensity of soil P, in agreement with Pw.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5854", "words": "5236", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "GONZ\u00c1LEZ-FANDOS, E.; SIMON JIMENES, A.; TOBAR PARDO, V.", "title": "Quality and shelf life of packaged fresh sliced mushrooms stored at two different temperatures", "date": "2006", "keywords": "3\u00bac; 9\u00bac; mushrooms; non; pvc; storage; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "Influence of bacterial populations on postharvest deterioration of fresh mushrooms. Is modified at- mosphere packaging beneficial for fresh mushrooms?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5855", "words": "67133", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "NIEMI, J. K.", "title": "A dynamic programming model for optimising feeding and slaughter decisions regarding fattening pigs", "date": "2006", "keywords": "animal; barley; benchmark; c e; c u; capacity; capacity unit; carcass weight; control; days; decreases; e n; energy; et al; fattening; feeding; feeding patterns; feeding technology; function; g r; growth; income; increases; kg slaughter; l t; meal; meat price; meat value; model; n c; n d; period; pig growth; pig meat; pig production; pigs; price; producer; production; protein; quality; rate; results; scenario; share; slaughter decisions; slaughter patterns; slaughter pigs; slaughter premium; slaughter weight; soy; state; time; timing; tissue; u l; unit; value; value function; weight gain", "summary": "The approach is justified because pig meat producer prices in Finland are quite sta- ble in the short run when compared to most other EU countries, and because slaughterhouses that buy slaughter pigs and trade piglets in Finland pro- vide also price lists that remain in effect until a specified delivery date. As the amount of annually produced pig meat then increases, an increase in the price of pig meat price emphasises the volume of production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5856", "words": "8191", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "NYKTER, M.; KYM\u00c4L\u00c4INEN, H-R.; GATES, F.", "title": "Quality characteristics of edible linseed oil", "date": "2006", "keywords": "acid; composition; content; et al; fatty; fatty acid; food; linolenic; linolenic acid; linseed; linseed oil; oil; oils; oxidation; quality; study; value", "summary": "Linseed oil has a favourable fatty acid composition with a high linolenic acid content. Linseed oil contains nearly 60% \u03b1-linolenic acid, compared with 25% for plant oils generally.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5857", "words": "8219", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "J\u00d6NSSON, \u00c5.; NYBOM, H.", "title": "Consumer evaluation of scab-resistant apple cultivars in Sweden", "date": "2006", "keywords": "apples; consumers; cultivars; impression; red; scores; taste; texture", "summary": "I E N C E Vol. 15 (2006): 388\u2013401. itively linked, and to contribute (especially crispi- ness) to the liking of apple cultivars (Hampson et al. 2000, King et al. 2001). Comparison of mean scores and R-indices for consumer preferences of apple cultivars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5858", "words": "6938", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "TUOMISTO, J.", "title": "Contract production as a method to reduce welfare loss caused by market uncertainty of seed potato", "date": "2007", "keywords": "agreement; contract; farm; food potato; market; potato market; potato price; potato producer; potato production; price; principal; producers; production; seed potato; transaction", "summary": "Seed potato producers working with fixed-price advancement trade can sell seed potato at a price 13 percent lower than without the agreement \u2013 without decreasing the profitability of seed potato production. The yield of the potato crop has a strong impact on the price of food potato and on the demand of seed potato.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5859", "words": "5143", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "VRANIC, M.; KNEZEVIC, M.; BOSNJAK, K.", "title": "Feeding value of low quality grass silage supplemented with maize silage for sheep", "date": "2007", "keywords": "digestibility; grass; intake; kg\u20131; maize; silage", "summary": "As sheep prefer maize to grass silage diet (O\u2019Doherty et al. 1997) and the GS in this study was of low quality, the combination of GS and MS was offered under the hypothesis that feeding a mixture of these supple- ments would have positive associative effects on food intake, digestibility and N retention in sheep. I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Feeding value of low quality grass silage supplemented with maize silage for sheep Marina Vranic\u0301, Mladen Knez\u030cevic\u0301, Kre\u0161imir Bo\u0161njak, Josip Leto, Goran Perc\u0301ulija Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Department of Field Crop Production, Grassland Management Centre, Sveto\u0161imunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, e-mail: mpavlak@agr.hr The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of interactions between low quality grass silage (GS) dominated by orchardgrass and maize silage (MS) on ad libitum intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in wether sheep.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5860", "words": "5096", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "PROKKOLA, S.; KIVIJ\u00c4RVI, P.", "title": "Effect of biological sprays on the incidence of grey mould, fruit yield and fruit quality in organic strawberry production", "date": "2007", "keywords": "berries; compost; control; experiment; extract; grey; incidence; mould; plant; strawberry; treatments; yield", "summary": "** *** *** NS NS NS Treatmet x year NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS a-b Means within the same column and year or treatment not sharing a common letter differ significantly (Tukey, P = 0.05) 2.3 3.2 2.2 ab 7.0 8.7 Garlic extract 498 385 13.5 2.6 3.5 1.3 b 6.3 8.9 F-test Treatment NS NS NS NS NS * NS NS Location * ** ** NS NS *** NS * Treatment x location NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Table 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5861", "words": "7327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "STARAST, M.; KARP, K.; VOOL, E.", "title": "Effect of NPK fertilization and elemental sulphur on growth and yield of lowbush blueberry", "date": "2007", "keywords": "blueberry; content; control; k\u00e4rla; n s; npk; plant; soil; vasula; yield", "summary": "In order to find the solution to the previously discussed problem, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of elemental sulphur and acidi- fying NPK fertilizers on blueberry plants grown in former arable land with a pH initially too high pH for blueberry. Plant yield and growth The first significant yield was picked on 10 Aug 2003, when the yields per blueberry plant and fruit weight were determined.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5862", "words": "6497", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "SKUPIEN, K.; OSZMIANSKI, J.", "title": "The effect of mineral fertilization on nutritive value and biological activity of chokeberry fruit", "date": "2007", "keywords": "acid; alkalin; aronia; berries; chokeberry; content; control; fruit; min; treatment", "summary": "On the other hand, all the fertilizer treatments applied in this experiment caused the increase of total acid content in the fruits. The contribution of both unidentified phenolic acids in total phenolic acid content in these berries was 38%.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5863", "words": "6373", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "NUNES, C.; USALL, J.; TEIXID\u00d3, N.", "title": "Biocontrol of postharvest decay using a new strain of Pseudomonas syringae CPA-5 in different cultivars of pome fruits", "date": "2007", "keywords": "b b; control; fruits; pear; postharvest; syringae", "summary": "Pilot tests of Candida sake (CPA-1) applications to control postharvest blue mould on apple fruit. To be an effective biocontrol agent the antago- nist should meet certain criteria, such as the ability to rapidly colonize wounds and the capacity to be effective against a wide range of pathogens and on different fruits (Wilson and Wisniewski 1989).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5864", "words": "6159", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "MARJAM\u00c4KI, T.; PIETOLA, L.", "title": "Root growth dynamics in golf greens with different compression intensities and winter survival", "date": "2007", "keywords": "center; depth; edge; fig; golf; greens; growth; root; season; soil; surface; water; winter", "summary": "Current address: Kemira GrowHow Ltd., Research Center, PO Box 2, FI-02271 Espoo, Finland, e-mail: liisa.pietola@kemira-growhow.com The aim of this study was to measure root growth dynamics under Nordic putting green conditions in order to estimate the sensitivity of root growth to winter damages and compression. Wetted conditions with winter injury followed by excessive trampling may restrict root growth and hence nutrient use efficiency.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5865", "words": "638", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "YLI-HALLA, M.", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2007", "keywords": "journal; papers", "summary": "Some of the readers may wonder how this distribution of published papers agrees with \u201cpublication of papers of international interest but featuring a northern perspective\u201d, as stated in the Instructions to authors (www.mtt.fi/afs/about. html and www.mtt.fi/afs/instructions.html). The geographical distribution of papers published reflects the development in the submitted manuscripts, which increasingly come from countries other than Finland and even outside the Baltic region.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5866", "words": "6485", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "SERENIUS, T.; MUHONEN, P.; STALDER, K.", "title": "Economic values of pork production related traits in Finland", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c u; feed; meat; n c; piglet; production; quality; traits; values", "summary": "Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 79 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received January 2007 Economic values of pork production related traits in Finland Timo Serenius, P\u00e4ivi Muhonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: timo.serenius@mtt.fi Kenneth Stalder Iowa State University, Department of Animal Science, Ames, IA50011, USA The objective of the present study was to estimate economic values for sow efficiency and meat produc- tion traits in the Finnish pork production system including the consideration for subsidies. Economic values for pig traits 82 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 83 Calculation of economic values Calculation of economic values was based on the change in economic efficiency with one unit change of a trait under consideration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5867", "words": "5765", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "NEGUSSIE, E.; STRAND\u00c9N, I.; M\u00c4NTYSAARI, E.", "title": "Genetic analysis of clinical mastitis during different risk periods in Finnish Ayrshire", "date": "2007", "keywords": "data; mastitis", "summary": "This and the magnitude (less than 1.0) of genetic correlations between CM traits suggest that a multitrait model considering CM from the different risk periods would be appropriate for CM sire evaluation. Heringstad et al. (2001a) divided first lactation from 15 days before calving to 210 days into 8 periods to assess the effect of sampling period on the heritability and genetic associations between CM traits using a linear sire model.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5868", "words": "8233", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "TAPIO, M.; OZEROV, M.; VIINALASS, H.", "title": "Molecular genetic variation in sheep of the central Volga area inhabited by Finno-Ugric peoples", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; n c; populations; russian; sheep; u l", "summary": "Genetic relationships and admixture among sheep breeds from Northern Spain assessed using microsatellites. Four sheep populations from the central Volga region were genotyped for 20 microsatellites and compared with geographically proximate breeds (Estonian Whitehead and Blackhead, the Finnsheep and an exported and a native population of Russian Romanov) and with local populations in Estonia, Finland and Russian Karelia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5869", "words": "4321", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "SCHULMAN, N.F.; VIITALA, S.M.; VILKKI, J.H.", "title": "Quantitative trait loci for udder conformation and other udder traits in Finnish Ayrshire cattle", "date": "2007", "keywords": "conformation; dairy; loci; qtl; traits; udder", "summary": "Udder trait QTL in Finnish Ayrshire 172 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 170-176 173 A granddaughter design with 12 sire families was used in this study except for BTA20 where only 11 families were genotyped. Udder trait QTL in Finnish Ayrshire 172 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 170-176 173 QTL were detected: ST on BTA14 and 23, UB on BTA23, RUH on BTA11, and CL on BTA23.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5870", "words": "9245", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "SEV\u00d3N-AIMONEN, M-L.; HONKAVAARA, M.; SERENIUS, T.", "title": "Genetic variation of loin and ham quality in Finnish Landrace and Large White pigs", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c u; drip; meat; muscles; n c; phu; quality; slaughter; traits; u l", "summary": "Genetic parameters of pig meat quality traits in a halothane negative population. Repeat- ability of taste panel tenderness scores and their relation- ship to objective pig meat quality traits.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5871", "words": "10269", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "LIDAUER, M.; M\u00c4NTYSAARI, E.A.", "title": "Bias in genetic evaluation using random regression test-day model", "date": "2007", "keywords": "bias; model", "summary": "Repeatability and bias of estimated breeding values for dairy bulls and bull dams calculated from animal model evaluations. The bias in PI was studied for first lactation protein yield, later lactation protein yield, and for the combined protein yield, calculated as an average of first and later lactation protein yield.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5872", "words": "7680", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "PUNTILA, M-L.; M\u00c4KI, K.; NYLANDER, A.", "title": "Genetic parameters for wool traits in Finnsheep lambs", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; finnsheep; fleece; lambs; n c; n d; traits; u l; weight; wool", "summary": "I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 124-135 125 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received January 2007 Genetic parameters for wool traits in Finnsheep lambs Marja-Leena Puntila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: marja-leena.puntila@surffi.net Katariina M\u00e4ki Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Anne Nylander and Onerva Rintala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Genetic parameters were estimated for wool characteristics of white and coloured Finnsheep. The inclusion of wool traits completes the current selection profile which is focussed on meat pro- duction traits.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5873", "words": "6054", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "PEURA, J.; STRAND\u00c9N, I.; M\u00c4NTYSAARI, E.A.", "title": "Genetic parameters for Finnish blue fox population: litter size, age at first insemination and pelt size", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c u; n c; size", "summary": "Consequently, average PS has increased considerably during the last 10\u201315 years. Although the unfavorable genetic correlation be- tween PS and LS seemed low, the high selection weight on PS has prevented genetic improvement in LS.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5874", "words": "5612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "STRAND\u00c9N, I.; PEURA, J.", "title": "Inbreeding and relationship coefficients in the Finnish blue fox population", "date": "2007", "keywords": "animals; c u; coefficient; inbreeding; n c", "summary": "Inbreeding and relationships Increase in average inbreeding coefficient was moderate or even low in the groups of all and breed- ing animals (Table 2). It appears that inbreeding is not a great problem in general, as about 68% of the farms had lower than 1% average inbreeding coefficient, while on 5 farms average inbreeding coefficient was above 3%.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5875", "words": "7143", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "HONKATUKIA, M.; TUISKULA-HAAVISTO, M.; VILKKI, J.", "title": "Chromosome regions affecting body weight in egg layers", "date": "2007", "keywords": "body; c u; chromosome; et al; n c; qtl; weeks; weight", "summary": "The locations of body weight QTL with mater- nal expression on GGA1 for BW16, BW20, BW24 co-located with the QTL for BW40 observed pre- viously (Tuiskula-Haavisto et al. 2004). I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 177-187 185 In the following we discuss our new results on body weight QTL with parent-of-origin ef- fects, with special emphasis on the co-location of the observed parent-of-origin effects, clustering of chicken orthologues of mammalian imprinted genes and asynchronously replicating regions in chicken.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5876", "words": "7790", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "M\u00c4KI-TANILA, A.", "title": "An overview on quantitative and genomic tools for utilising dominance genetic variation in improving animal production", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c u; dominance; effects; genetics; inbreeding; m\u00e4ki; n c; populations; selection; tanila; u l; variation", "summary": "ad e 2v .F2 a+ v d ( ) ( )F F F1 1a d 2 2 2+ + - +v v vd A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E M\u00e4ki-Tanila, A. An overview on quantitative and genomic tools for utilising dominance genetic variation 192 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 188-198 193 Estimation of in practice In predicting dominance genetic deviations or in quantifying the components of genetic varia- tion, the inversion of the dominance relationship matrix is needed. I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 188-198 189 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received May 2007 An overview on quantitative and genomic tools for utilising dominance genetic variation in improving animal production Asko M\u00e4ki-Tanila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: asko.maki-tanila@mtt.fi", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5877", "words": "1239", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "M\u00c4KI-TANILA, A.", "title": "Foreword - Special issue dedicated to Professor emeritus Kalle Maijala", "date": "2007", "keywords": "animal; breeding; kalle; research", "summary": "Kalle\u2019s father in science is Ivar Johansson, professor of animal breeding in Uppsala in 1933-58. Foreword A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E 1 Foreword Asko M\u00e4ki-Tanila Biotechnology and Food Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland Professor Kalle Maijala is an eminent scientist in animal breeding with distinguished research career spanning from the mid-1950\u2019s to retirement in 1990 \u2013 and in many respect until present \u2013 reflected in over 600 articles ranging from scientific to applied subjects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5878", "words": "8863", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "HUUSKONEN, A.; KHALILI, H.; JOKI-TOKOLA, E.", "title": "Effects of replacing different proportions of barley grain by barley fibre on performance of dairy bulls", "date": "2007", "keywords": "barley; barley grain; c e; c u; fibre; grain; kg\u20131; n c", "summary": "At stage 2 (450 kg live weight to slaughter) the concentrate in BF25 included barley grain (750 g kg\u20131 DM) and barley fibre (250), in BF50 barley grain (500), barley fibre (500) and in BF75 barley grain (250), barley fibre (750). At stage 2 (450 kg live weight to slaughter) the concentrate in BF25 included barley grain (750 g kg\u20131 DM) and barley fibre (250), in BF50 barley grain (500), barley fibre (500) and in BF75 barley grain (250), barley fibre (750).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5879", "words": "6468", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "J\u00d5UDU, I.; HENNO, M.; V\u00c4RV, S.", "title": "Milk protein genotypes and milk coagulation properties of Estonian Native cattle", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c e; c u; coagulation; milk; n c", "summary": "Milk protein genotypes and milk coagulation properties of EN cattle 224 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C Milk protein genotypes and milk coagulation properties of EN cattle 224 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5880", "words": "8561", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "LARS\u00c9N, K.; SKARGREN, P.; LAGERKVIST, C.J.", "title": "Optimal share contracts between pig producers", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c e; e n; e p; f e; f f; f p; g e; g g; g r; p g; p p", "summary": "Optimal share contracts between pig producers 210 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 199-211 211 and ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( , ) f p f f p f f p f f p f f p f f p f Cov P G G E P G G E P G E G E P E G G E P E G E G E P Cov G G = \u2212 = \u2212 = \uf8ee \uf8f9= \uf8f0 \uf8fb 2 2 2 ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ar( ) f f f f f f f f f f f f f f Cov P G G E P G E P G E G E P E G E P E G E P V G = \u2212 \u2212 = \uf8ee \uf8f9= \uf8f0 \uf8fb ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( , ) p f f f p f p f f f p f f p f \u2212 = \uf8ee \uf8f9\uf8f0 \uf8fb ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ov( ) f f p f p f f f p f p f f f p f f p Cov P G P E P P G E P G E P E P P E G E P E G E P E G C P P = \u2212 = \u2212 = \uf8ee \uf8f9\uf8f0 \uf8fb 2 2 2 ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ar( ) f f f f f f f f f f f f f f Cov P G G E P G E P G E G E P E G E P E G E P V G = \u2212 \u2212 = \uf8ee \uf8f9= \uf8f0 \uf8fb A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Lars\u00e9n, K. et al.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5881", "words": "8780", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "PARTANEN, K.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.; HONKAVAARA, M.", "title": "Effects of finishing diet and pre-slaughter fasting time on meat quality in crossbred pigs", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c e; c u; diet; e n; et al; fasting; finishing; meat; n c; n d; pigs; quality; u l", "summary": "Finishing diet Control diet Fibrous diet Probability Fasting time 25 h 41 h 25 h 41 h SEM Diet Fasting Diet \u00d7 fasting No. of samples 6 4 5 5 Intramuscular fat, % 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.9 0.3 0.24 0.92 0.90 Tenderness 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.7 0.3 0.72 0.56 0.64 Juiciness 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.8 0.2 0.56 0.52 0.97 Taste 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 0.1 0.82 0.94 0.33 Acceptabilitya 14.5 13.8 14.5 14.4 0.6 0.64 0.56 0.63 aSum of tenderness, juiciness and taste scores. I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 245-258 249 Early- Finishing diet Growing diet finishing diet Control Fibrous Ingredients, % Barley 78.95 81.81 87.56 57.86 Barley fibre - - - 12.00 Faba beans - - - 15.00 Soybean meal 17.86 15.34 9.81 - Rapeseed cake, cold-pressed - - - 12.77 Mineral and vitamin premixa 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 Calcium carbonate 0.83 0.76 0.71 0.63 Monocalcium phosphate 0.66 0.49 0.37 0.28 L-Lysine HCl 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.12 DL-Methionine 0.05 0.02 - 0.03 L-Threonine 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.01 Calculated nutritive value Net energy, MJ kg-1 8.65 8.74 8.74 8.74 Net energy distribution, % Protein 17 16 14 14 Fat 5 5 4 13 Carbohydrates 78 79 82 73 Apparent ileal digestible amino acids, g kg-1 Lysine 8.8 8.0 6.6 6.6 Methionine+cystine 5.2 4.7 4.0 3.9 Threonine 5.3 4.8 3.9 3.9 Calcium, g kg-1 7.5 7.0 6.4 6.4 Digestible phosphorus, g kg-1 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.4 Analysed nutrient contents Dry matter, g kg-1 880 878 879 892 Ash, g kg-1 53 50 46 49 Crude protein, g kg-1 182 166 144 155 Crude fat, g kg-1 22 18 15 40 Sugars, g kg-1 38 34 31 36 Starch, g kg-1 409 435 465 361 Total dietary fibreb, g kg-1 176 175 177 250 Neutral detergent fibre, g kg-1 164 163 161 229 Acid detergent fibre, g kg-1 55 54 52 93 Lignin, g kg-1 9 11 7 16 Hemicellulose, g kg-1 108 109 109 137 Cellulose, g kg-1 47 44 46 77 aPer kilogram of feed, the premix contained Ca, 2.3 g; P, 0.8 g; Mg, 0.5 g; NaCl, 3.3 g, Fe, 103 mg; Cu, 22 mg; Zn, 91 mg; Mn, 23 mg;", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5882", "words": "6144", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "P\u00c4RNA, E.; KIIMAN, H.; VALLAS, M.", "title": "Development of a breeding objective for Estonian Holstein cattle", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c u; milk; n c; traits", "summary": "The economic weights for milk production traits and functional traits were expressed per unit change of each trait and also per standard female unit (one cow place occupied during an entire year). The general approach when deriving eco- nomic values for milk production traits in a quota situation has been to reduce the number of cows at the farm (Gibson 1989, Groen 1989, Vargas et al 2002).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5883", "words": "7011", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "RASA, K.; HORN, R.; R\u00c4TY, M.", "title": "Water repellency of clay, sand and organic soils in Finland", "date": "2007", "keywords": "c e; c u; clay; n c; n d; sand; soil; u l; water", "summary": "These results show that soil WR also reduces water infiltration at the prevalent field moisture regime in the soils of boreal climate. However, snow cover during the winter (around 75 days), the wet spring and autumn periods and rather dry periods in sum- mer suggest high fluctuations on soil WR.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5884", "words": "5212", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "RUUSUNEN, M.; PUOLANNE, E.; PARTANEN, K.", "title": "Heart size and mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area related to birth weight in pigs", "date": "2007", "keywords": "area; birth; birth weight; heart; muscle; pigs; weight", "summary": "The cross sectional area of muscle fibres in M. longissimus dorsi (P < 0.05), M. semimembranosus (P < 0.10), and M. gluteus superficialis (P < 0.05) was larger in those pigs with low birth weight compared to those found in pigs with high birth weight. Therefore, for pigs with about the same carcass leanness and live weight at slaughter, the cross- sectional area of muscle fibres should be larger in those pigs with low birth weight than in those with high birth weight.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5885", "words": "1456", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "TURTOLA, E.", "title": "Preface", "date": "2007", "keywords": "finnish; production", "summary": "Although the decrease in the bal- ance values indicates a decreased potential for nutrient losses to the environment, the actual trend in the losses also depends on many other factors, such as changes in the proportion of annual and perennial crops, changes with time in the content of soil organic matter and in soil structure, and fluctuations in climatic conditions. There have been only minor efforts in AEP to promote improvement of soil structure or proper drainage of fields.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5886", "words": "10669", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "EKHOLM, P.; GRANLUND, K.; KAUPPILA, P.", "title": "Influence of EU policy on agricultural nutrient losses and the state of receiving surface waters in Finland", "date": "2007", "keywords": "agriculture; catchments; data; environmental; et al; finland; lakes; losses; nutrient; period; rivers; runoff; surface; total; trends; water", "summary": "Agricultural lakes in Finland \u2013 Current water quality and trends. This is in accordance with the results of other pa- leolimnological studies on long-term water quality trends in Finnish agricultural lakes (Kauppi et al. 1990, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen et al. 2006).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5887", "words": "28", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "18", "author": "UUSITALO, R.; TURTOLA, E.; GR\u00d6NROOS, J.", "title": "Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus", "date": "2007", "keywords": "phosphorus", "summary": "Agricultural and food science, vol. 16 (2007): 199-211 Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus Introduction Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5888", "words": "37", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "18", "author": "UUSITALO, R.; YLIVAINIO, K.; TURTOLA, E.", "title": "Accumulation and translocation of sparingly soluble manure phosphorus in different types of soils after long-term excessive inputs", "date": "2007", "keywords": "vol", "summary": "16(2007): 317-331 Accumulation and translocation of sp aringly soluble manure phosphorus in different types of soils after long-term excessive inputs Introduction Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Agricultural and Food Science, vol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5889", "words": "32", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "TURTOLA, E.; ALAKUKKU, L.; UUSITALO, R.", "title": "Surface runoff, subsurface drainflow and soil erosion as affected by tillage in a clayey Finnish soil", "date": "2007", "keywords": "soil", "summary": "16(2007):332-351 Surface runoff, subsurface drainflow and soil erosion as affected by tillage in a clayey Finnish soil Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Agricultural and Food Science, vol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5890", "words": "31", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "14", "author": "UUSITALO, R.; TURTOLA, E.; LEMOLA, R.", "title": "Phosphorus losses from a subdrained clayey soil as affected by cultivation practices", "date": "2007", "keywords": "vol", "summary": "Agricultural and Food Sience, vol. 16 (2007): 352-365 Phosphorus losses from a subdrained clayey soil as affected by cultivation practices Introduction Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5891", "words": "6652", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "SALO, T.; LEMOLA, R.; ESALA, M.", "title": "National and regional net nitrogen balances in Finland in 1990 2005", "date": "2007", "keywords": "agriculture; balance; centres; environment; finland; finnish; ha\u20131; manure; n.a; national; net; nitrogen; production", "summary": "In addition to national N balances, calculation of N balances for different agricultural regions is also recommended. The information represented by N balances is needed to analyse the interactions between agriculture and the environment and to evaluate the impact of changes in agricultural policy on the environment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5892", "words": "29", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "5", "author": "GRANLUND, K.; B\u00c4RLUND, I.; SALO, T.", "title": "The effect of decreasing fertilization on agricultural nitrogen leaching: a model study", "date": "2007", "keywords": "vol", "summary": "16(2007): 376-386 The effect of decreasing fertilization on agricultural nitrogen leaching: a model study Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Agricultural and Food Science, vol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5893", "words": "10811", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "RANKINEN, K.; SALO, T.; GRANLUND, K.", "title": "Simulated nitrogen leaching, nitrogen mass field balances and their correlation on four farms in south-western Finland during the period 2000 2005", "date": "2007", "keywords": "balance; cereal; crop; farm; fertilization; field; ha\u20131yr\u20131; inorganic; leaching; manure; mineralization; n c; nitrogen; pig; production; soil; uptake", "summary": "The main aims were to evaluate 1) the effect of different application rates of N fertiliz- ers on the field N balance and N leaching, 2) the usefulness of the field N balance as an indicator of N leaching, and 3) the N leaching risks related to different production types. Cumulative inclusion of precipitation, N mineralization rate and either plant N uptake or N fertilization had only a small influence on the effect of N balance on N leaching, at least when compared to the 256% increase in the value of the regression coefficient that took place when both N uptake and N fertilization were further added into the model (Table 8).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-58936", "words": "7125", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Maslak, Katarzyna; Nimmermark, Sven", "title": "Thermal energy use for dehumidification of a tomato greenhouse by natural ventilation and a system with an air-to-air heat exchanger", "date": "2017", "keywords": "air; dehumidification; energy; energy use; exchanger; greenhouse; heat; heat exchanger; humidity; lai; m-2; temperature; ventilation", "summary": "Mixing air coming from the heat exchanger with greenhouse air is a possibility if preheating is to be avoided, but such a system working properly may be hard to design. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE K. Maslak & S. Nimmermark (2017) 26: 56\u201366 58 A natural gas boiler was used to provide heat energy to the greenhouse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5894", "words": "7891", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "SALO, T.; ESKELINEN, J.; JAUHIAINEN, L.", "title": "Reduced fertiliser use and changes in cereal grain weight, test weight and protein content in Finland in 1990-2005", "date": "2007", "keywords": "application; barley; fertiliser; grain; spring; weight; wheat; winter", "summary": "Reduced fertiliser use and changes in cereal grain weight, test weight and protein content in Finland in 1990\u20132005 Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS The distribution of P fertiliser application rates was skewed and logarithmic transformation was done to normalise the data.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5895", "words": "11981", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "LEHTONEN, H.; LANKOSKI, J.; KOIKKALAINEN, K.", "title": "Economic and environmental performance of alternative policy measures to reduce nutrient surpluses in Finnish agriculture", "date": "2007", "keywords": "agri; agriculture; base; cap; decoupling; farm; finland; income; level; measures; milk; model; nutrient; payments; policy; prices; production; scenario; support; surpluses; tax", "summary": "Environmental performance of agri-environmental policy measures may be significantly reduced, if they are implemented jointly with production coupled income support policies. Keeping national supports production linked but paying agri-environmental support only if nutrient surpluses are clearly reduced (BAL), is a policy alternative that would be the most effective in decreasing overall N surplus, but relatively less effective in reducing P surplus than full decou- pling of national supports.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-58960", "words": "6216", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Fern\u00e1ndez, Juan A.; Ni\u00f1irola, Diana; Ochoa, Jes\u00fas; Orsini, Francesco; Pennisi, Giuseppina; Gianquinto, Giorgio; Egea-Gilabert, Catalina", "title": "Root adaptation and ion selectivity affects the nutritional value of salt-stressed hydroponically grown baby-leaf Nasturtium officinale and Lactuca sativa", "date": "2016", "keywords": "et al; fig; food; lettuce; m\u20131; nitrate; plants; quality; salinity; science; spring; watercress; winter", "summary": "Several studies have reported the beneficial effects to human health of consuming watercress; these include anticancer effects (Verhoeven et al. 1997), reduced lymphocyte DNA damage and alterations of the blood antioxidant status in healthy adults (Gill et al. 2007), as well a well-documented AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. A. Fern\u00e1ndez et al. (2016) 25: 230\u2013239 231 diabetes prevention effect (Shahrokhi et al. 2009). Strange colour Browning Dehydration Strange aromas Strange taste Visual appearance Global quality Lettuce 2.5 1.71 \u2013 2.00 \u2013 2.57 \u2013 1.14 \u2013 1.57 \u2013 6.42 \u2013 6.71 \u2013 5 2.14 \u2013 1.85 \u2013 2.57 \u2013 1.57 \u2013 1.85 \u2013 6.42 \u2013 6.57 \u2013 10 2.57 \u2013 2.14 \u2013 2.00 \u2013 1.28 \u2013 2.00 \u2013 5.71 \u2013 5.85 \u2013 Watercress 2.5 1.16 \u2013 1.00 \u2013 1.66 \u2013 1.16 \u2013 1.16 b 7.33 \u2013 7.66 \u2013 5 1.00 \u2013 1.20 \u2013 1.60 \u2013 1.00 \u2013 1.20 ab 7.00 \u2013 7.20 \u2013 10 1.33 \u2013 1.16 \u2013 1.66 \u2013 1.16 \u2013 2.33 a 7.00 \u2013 6.50 \u2013 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. A. Fern\u00e1ndez et al. (2016) 25: 230\u2013239 237 Quality of baby-leaf vegetables exposed to salt stress Salinity caused a rise in the leaf concentrations of sodium of up to 1800 and 3000 mg kg\u20131 in lettuce and water- cress, respectively (Fig. 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5897", "words": "10255", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "GELAN, A.; SCHWARZ, G.", "title": "The effect of single farm payments on less favoured areas agriculture in Scotland: a CGE analysis", "date": "2008", "keywords": "agricultural; c e; c u; cap; decoupling; e n; farm; impacts; lfa; n c; n d; output; policy; scottish; u l", "summary": "17 Since these commodity groups constitute a large proportion of LFA farm outputs, these farm types have shown larger activity declines than non-LFA farm types. Whilst the last two are classified as LFA farm types, the first three are classified as non-LFA farms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5898", "words": "8400", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "MATTILA, T.; MANNINEN, M.; RIKKONEN, P.", "title": "Management of investment processes on Finnish farms", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; farmers; farms; information; investment; n c; n d; u l", "summary": "This study confirmed that models devel- oped for industrial buying behaviour are valuable tools also for studying farm processes. Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 18-30 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 18-30. 18 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 18-30. 19 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received March 2007 Management of investment processes on Finnish farms Timo Mattila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, present address: Valtra Inc. FI-44200 Suolahti, Finland email: timo.mattila@valtra.com Marja Manninen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, present address: ProAgria Farma, Artturinkatu 2, FI-20200 Turku, Finland Pasi Rikkonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland Hanna-Riitta Kym\u00e4l\u00e4inen University of Helsinki, Department of Agrotechnology, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Structural change in agriculture means a continuous need for investing in farm production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5899", "words": "6240", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "VASILIEV, N.; ASTOVER, A.; M\u00d5TTE, M.", "title": "Efficiency of Estonian grain farms in 2000 2004", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c u; efficiency; farms; grain; n c; n d; scale", "summary": "Gorton and Davidova (2004) suggest two explana- tions for the variations in farm efficiency: (i) the internal structure and agency factors and (ii) the inter-organisational arrangements. Thiele and Brodersen (1999) discovered that the variance of farm efficiencies was higher in the former East Germany than in West Germany in 1995\u20131997 and argued that this was due to the greater inconsist- ency of management skills in the east during the transition period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5900", "words": "7868", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "MONONEN, J.; MOHAIBES, M.; SAVOLAINEN, S.", "title": "Water baths for farmed mink: intra-individual consistency and inter-individual variation in swimming behaviour, and effects on stereotyped behaviour", "date": "2008", "keywords": "bath; behaviour; c e; c u; mink; n c; n d; swimming; water", "summary": "Other demand studies have not confirmed these findings, but it has been found that mink value swimming water and run- ning wheels equally (as measured by the demand elasticity, Hansen and Jensen 2006). Instead, we found that the juvenile mink housed with swimming baths had less stereotypies than those housed without baths, indicating that the baths may have alleviated frustration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5901", "words": "5811", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "LEITO, A.; TRUU, J.; \u00d5UNSAAR, M.", "title": "The impact of agriculture on autumn staging Eurasian Cranes (Grus grus) in Estonia", "date": "2008", "keywords": "area; cranes; estonia; n c; staging", "summary": "The Eurasian Crane breeding populations and the numbers of autumn staging cranes increased simultaneously up to the 1980s; after that the rise in staging crane numbers stopped, although the breeding population has continued to grow up to the present day (Leito et al. 2003, 2006). We found a significant positive correlation be- tween the number of staging cranes and the crop- ping area of winter rye, winter wheat, summer wheat and all cereals combined, and a negative correlation between crane numbers and the crop- ping area of potato (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5902", "words": "5907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "JAUHIAINEN, L.; \u00d6FVERSTEN, J.; KANGAS, A.", "title": "Recommendable block sizes: a case study on Finnish official variety trials of barley cultivars", "date": "2008", "keywords": "block; c e; c u; e n; n c; trials; u l", "summary": "Differences between cultivars were analysed using the following traditional mixed model for incomplete block design: yijk= \u00b5 + rj + bk(rj ) + \u03b1i + \u03b5ijk (4) where yijk is the yield of the ith cultivar from the jth replication and the kth block, \u00b5 is the intercept, \u03b1i is the effect of the ith cultivar, rj is the effect of the jth replication, bk(rj) is the effect of the kth incom- plete block nested within the jth replication and \u03b5ijk is the residual error. Table 2: Parameter estimates for the spatial mixed model and effectiveness of the model compared to the analysis based on incomplete block designs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5903", "words": "9815", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "NYK\u00c4NEN, A.; GRANSTEDT, A.; JAUHIAINEN, L.", "title": "Residual effect of clover-rich leys on soil nitrogen and successive grain crops", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; juva; ley; leys; mietoinen; n c; n d; soil; spring; trial; u l", "summary": "In Juva 1 trial, the cereal yields were higher after higher ley yields and BNF-N and N amount incorporated into the soil. Ley yields, total nitrogen (N) and N from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF-N) (kg ha-1) incor- porated into the soil and C:N of ley yields before cereals in trials 1 and 2 in Juva and Mietoinen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5904", "words": "9168", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "VESTBERG, M.; KUKKONEN, S.; KURU, H.", "title": "Effect of cropping system and peat amendment on strawberry growth and yield", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; c u; cropping; e n; n c; n d; n s; s f; strawberry; system; u l; yield", "summary": "The cropping system affected total fruit yield significantly, but peat amendment did not (Table 3). The peat amendment, but not the cropping system, decreased the percentage of strawberry plants suffering from or killed by winter damage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5905", "words": "4200", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "HIETARANTA, T.; PARIKKA, P.", "title": "'Suvetar' and 'Valotar' - new strawberry cultivars (Research Note)", "date": "2008", "keywords": "fruit; jonsok; polka; suvetar; valotar", "summary": "Key-words: breeding, Fragaria \u00d7 ananassa, fruit firmness, powdery mildew resistance, crown rot resistance Introduction Strawberry (Fragaria \u00d7 ananassa) is the most im- portant cultivated soft fruit in Finland, and almost all of the production is for the fresh market. U. Braun & S. Takam) and fruit firmness.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5906", "words": "8271", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "HUUSKONEN, A.; KHALILI, H.; JOKI-TOKOLA, E.", "title": "Need for protein supplementation in the diet of growing dairy bulls fed total mixed ration based on moderate digestible grass silage and barley", "date": "2008", "keywords": "barley; bpwds; bulls; c diet; c e; c u; diet; grass; n c; protein; silage", "summary": "Albeit the LWG of the bulls fed BPWDS diet tended to be higher compared with the bulls fed C diet, none of the protein sup- plements had any significant effect on carcass gain or feed conversion in the present experiment. Rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in grow- ing heifers fed grass silage diets with or without con- centrate supplementation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5907", "words": "3585", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "MARTISKAINEN, P.; TUOMISTO, L.; HUUSKONEN, A.", "title": "Training dairy bull calves to stay within light-built electric fences (Research Note)", "date": "2008", "keywords": "animals; calves; dairy; fence; training", "summary": "Training dairy bull calves to stay within electric fences 122 A G R Training dairy bull calves to stay within electric fences 122 A G R", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5908", "words": "12500", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "RISKU-NORJA, H.; HIETALA, R.; VIRTANEN, H.", "title": "Localisation of primary food production in Finland: production potential and environmental impacts of food consumption patterns", "date": "2008", "keywords": "agriculture; animal; area; c e; c u; consumption; diet; e n; emissions; et al; finland; food; food consumption; food production; g r; impacts; l t; n c; n d; option; production; u l", "summary": "Organic farming for local food production resulted in higher greenhouse gas emissions. Key-words: food production, food consumption, conventional and organic local production, dietary changes, production potential, environmental impacts A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5909", "words": "7067", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "REINTAM, E.; TR\u00dcKMANN, K.; KUHT, J.", "title": "Effect of Cirsium arvense L. on soil physical properties and crop growth", "date": "2008", "keywords": "arvense; c e; c u; compacted; e n; n c; n d; soil; u l", "summary": "Results Field survey The field survey on Estonian arable land affected by C. arvense, which have been abandoned for four years and than re-cultivated, revealed the loosen- ing effect of C. arvense roots on compacted soil. The results in the field experiment confirm the hypothesis that C. arvense roots are able to penetrate and loosen compacted soil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5910", "words": "6703", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "KAUKORANTA, T.; HAKALA, K.", "title": "Impact of spring warming on sowing times of cereal, potato and sugar beet in Finland", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c u; n c; n d; sowing; spring", "summary": "The A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Kaukoranta, T. and Hakala, K. Time of sowing affected by spring warming 166 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 165\u2013176. 167 enhanced greenhouse effect, warming of the earth\u2019s surface due to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, is expected to raise winter temperatures by 1.2 to 5\u00b0C by 2010\u20132039 relative to the average for 1961\u20131990, spring temperatures by 1.1 to 4.2\u00b0C and summer temperatures (June\u2013August) by 0.6 to 1.6\u00b0C (Jylh\u00e4 et al. 2004). Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 165-176 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 165\u2013176. 165 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received February 2006 Impact of spring warming on sowing times of cereal, potato and sugar beet in Finland Timo Kaukoranta and Kaija Hakala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: timo.kaukoranta@mtt.fi Historical data were used to determine if the warm springs experienced in recent decades have influenced time of sowing of spring cereals (barley, wheat and oats), potato and sugar beet in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5911", "words": "8469", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "HAJIBOLAND, R.; AMJAD, L.", "title": "The effects of selenate and sulphate supply on the accumulation and volatilization of Se by cabbage, kohlrabi and alfalfa plants grown hydroponically", "date": "2008", "keywords": "alfalfa; brassica; c e; c u; e n; n c; n d; plants; u l", "summary": "Se uptake, transport and volatilization Se uptake increased with increasing Se concentration in the medium. 183 S (mM) Se (\u03bcM) Cabbage Kohlrabi Alfalfa S Se S Se S", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5912", "words": "1204", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "KOLA, J.", "title": "Foreword", "date": "2008", "keywords": "agriculture; faculty; food; forestry", "summary": "Simojoki et al. analyse the intensification of mechanical agriculture and its impacts on soil quality in their study of macro- and micro-scale gaseous diffusion in a Stagnic Luvisol as affected by compaction and reduced tillage. As one way to improve the potato\u2019s competitiveness, Turakainen et al. investigate the effect of selenium enrichment on the growth of sprouts and the growth vigour of seed potatoes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5913", "words": "10087", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "OLLIKAINEN, M.; LANKOSKI, J.; NUUTINEN, S.", "title": "Policy-related transaction costs of agricultural policies in Finland", "date": "2008", "keywords": "agri; c e; c u; costs; e n; measures; n c; n d; policy; prtcs; support; transaction; u l", "summary": "An investiga- tion of policy administrative costs using panel data for the English Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Framework and overview of policy measures In this section, we describe the conceptual frame- work for identifying relevant elements of PRTCs and present some typical hypotheses that affect the size of the costs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5914", "words": "10174", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "M\u00c4\u00c4TT\u00c4, J.; KYM\u00c4L\u00c4INEN, H-R.; HELLSTEDT, M.", "title": "Properties and cleanability of new and traditional agricultural surface materials", "date": "2008", "keywords": "atp; c e; c u; cleanability; cleaning; e n; g r; l t; materials; model; n c; n d; radiochemical; soil; surface; u l", "summary": "However, when evaluating surface materials used in animal houses it should be remembered that surfaces which are too smooth may be slippery for animals and personnel, and cause injuries. Qualitative SEM micrographs of different types of surface materials are presented in Fig. 4 and 5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5915", "words": "7198", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "KUISMA, R.; KYM\u00c4L\u00c4INEN, H-R.; HELLSTEDT, M.", "title": "Properties and cleanability of new and traditional surface materials in cattle barns - a field study", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; c u; concrete; e n; materials; n c; study; surface; table; u l", "summary": "SEM micrographs of the mechanically worn surface materials on the feeding table (a-f), magnification 500\u00d7. The codes of surface materials are given in Table 3. g) Concrete, oil-based SE biomassa (Co6) Fig. The codes of surface materials are given in Table 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5916", "words": "7066", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "TUOMISTO, H. L.; HELENIUS, J.", "title": "Comparison of energy and greenhouse gas balances of biogas with other transport biofuel options based on domestic agricultural biomass in Finland", "date": "2008", "keywords": "biogas; c e; c u; e n; emissions; energy; ghg; input; n c; n d; production; u l", "summary": "Another benefit of biogas production is that wide ranged organic materials, including manure, crops, weeds, sewage sludge and industrial and municipal biowaste, can be used as raw material. Biogas production can also improve the econ- omy and efficiency of organic crop farms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5917", "words": "8699", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "SIMOJOKI, A.; FAZEKAS-BECKER, O.; HORN, R.", "title": "Macro- and microscale gaseous diffusion in a Stagnic Luvisol as affected by compaction and reduced tillage", "date": "2008", "keywords": "air; c e; c u; compaction; data; diffusion; diffusivity; e n; n c; n d; samples; soil; tillage; u l; water", "summary": "Parameters of water retention curves for soil samples as related to the experimental treatments and soil depth. 255 each of 236 cm3 soil sample, and using plotwise averaged data at a given matric water potential for the smaller samples for each treatment and depth in the field.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5918", "words": "7834", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "SOINNE, H.; SAARIJ\u00c4RVI, K.; KARPPINEN, M.", "title": "Sensitivity of soil phosphorus tests in predicting the potential risk of phosphorus loss from pasture soil", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; c u; control; dung; e n; n c; n d; pac; soil; u l; urine", "summary": "When the effect of urine on soil P was meas- ured, the two P tests gave dissimilar outcomes. Urine additions immediately increased soil pH and MRPw, but no such response was observed in PAc extraction due to the low pH (4.65) of the extractant enhancing the resorption of P. The PAc responded to the dung- induced increase in soil total P similarly as did Pw, which suggests that both tests can serve to detect areas of high P concentration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5919", "words": "6663", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "TURAKAINEN, M.; HARTIKAINEN, H.; SARJALA, T.", "title": "Impact of selenium enrichment on seed potato tubers", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; growth; months; n c; n d; potato; seed; seed tubers; tubers", "summary": "278 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 278\u2013288. 279 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received June 2007 Impact of selenium enrichment on seed potato tubers Marja Turakainen1*, Helin\u00e4 Hartikainen2, Tytti Sarjala3 and Mervi M. Sepp\u00e4nen1 1Department of Applied Biology, PO Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Impact of selenium enrichment on seed potato tubers 280 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 278\u2013288. 281 2005), whereas at higher concentrations it acts as a pro-oxidant inducing oxidative stress and reduc- ing the yields (Hartikainen et al. 2000, Cartes et al. 2005).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5920", "words": "13986", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "M\u00c4KEL\u00c4, P.; MUURINEN, S.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.", "title": "Spring Cereals: From Dynamic Ideotypes to Cultivars in Northern Latitudes", "date": "2008", "keywords": "barley; c e; c u; cereals; crop; cultivars; e n; efficiency; et al; grain; growth; journal; n c; n d; nitrogen; plant; science; spring; u l; use; water; wheat; yield", "summary": "On the other hand, Slafer and Savin (1994) demonstrated a sink limitation of wheat yield. Genetic progress in wheat yield and nitro- gen use efficiency under four nitrogen rates.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5921", "words": "13371", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "ELOMAA, P.; JOENSUU, J.J.; KORPELAINEN, H.", "title": "Plant biotechnology for deeper understanding, wider use and further development of agricultural and horticultural crops", "date": "2008", "keywords": "biotechnology; c e; c u; development; e n; elomaa; et al; gene; gerbera; j.p.t; n c; n d; plant; plant biotechnology; potato; production; protein; research; resistance; species; teeri; u l; valkonen; virus", "summary": "A novel gene family in moss (Physcomitrella patens) shows sequence homol- ogy and a phylogenetic relationship with the TIR-NBS class of plant disease resistance genes. Development of SCAR markers to the PVY resistance gene Ryadg based on a common feature of plant disease resistance genes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5922", "words": "8498", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "AUTIO, E.; SIHTO, U.; MONONEN, J.", "title": "Energy intake and growth of weanling horses in a cold loose housing system", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; c u; energy; horses; intake; n c; study; u l", "summary": "338 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 338\u2013350. 339 information relating to the nutrition and feeding management of growing horses in a cold environ- ment has grown with the popularity of cold loose housing in northern countries. Average daily digestible en- ergy (DE) intakes were 33 % higher than mainte- nance energy requirement in growing horses housed outdoors in Canadian winter weather (Cymbaluk and Christison 1989a), and were increased by more than 50 % in horses in severely cold conditions (< \u201325 \u00baC) (Cymbaluk and Christison 1990).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5923", "words": "8679", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "HANSSON, H.", "title": "Are larger farms more efficient?A farm level study of the relationships between efficiency and size on specialized dairy farms in Sweden", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; c u; dairy; efficiency; farms; n c; scale; size", "summary": "Nevertheless, the effect of farm size on dairy farm efficiency is not clear, and consequently it is unsure whether the out- come of a farm enlargement will be a more efficient farm. The paper concludes by suggesting that farm efficiency can be increased both by focusing on increasing the knowledge about how inputs can be more optimally combined and by growth of the farms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5924", "words": "5013", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "KLEWICKI, R.; UCZCIWEK, M.", "title": "Effect of osmotic dehydration in fructose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharide solutions on the content of saccharides in plums and apples and their energy value", "date": "2008", "keywords": "content", "summary": "Thus, replacing sucrose with fructooligosaccharides in osmotic solutions may be beneficial to human health. 367 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received March 2007 Effect of osmotic dehydration in fructose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharide solutions on the content of saccharides in plums and apples and their energy value Robert Klewicki* and Ma\u0142gorzata Uczciwek Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, 4/10 Stefanowskiego Street, Poland, *e-mail: robertkl@p.lodz.pl Plums (Najbolia and Stanley) and apples (Idared) were subjected to osmotic dehydration in 50% solutions of fructose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) at 22, 40 and 60 \u00b0C for 24 hours.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5925", "words": "11568", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "RIESINGER, P.; HERZON, I.", "title": "Variability of herbage production in mixed leys as related to ley age and environmental factors: a farm survey", "date": "2008", "keywords": "c e; c u; clover; cut; e n; herbage; herbage production; l t; leys; n c; n d; production; proportion; soil; u l", "summary": "Herbage produc- tion was positively related with clover proportion. Soil properties had a major impact on clover proportion and herbage production, largely explaining also regional differences in ley growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5926", "words": "5317", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "KR\u00cdZOV\u00c1, L.; TRIN\u00c1CT\u00dd, J.; RICHTER, M.", "title": "Effect of Ruminally-protected leucine supplement on milk yield and plasma amino acids in dairy cows", "date": "2008", "keywords": "cows; dairy; leu; milk", "summary": "Nevertheless, results of our previous work confirmed the functionality of produced copolymer-coated rumen protected tablets that were used in the present experiment by significantly increasing duodenal flow of sup- plemented AA (K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 et al. 2007) as well as by increase in milk yield and milk protein yield (T\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00fd et al. 2006). Therefore, the increase in milk protein yield by supplying the next-limiting AA, would be very small under practical feeding conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5927", "words": "10507", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Nyk\u00e4nen, A.; Jauhiainen, L.; Lindstr\u00f6m, K.; Kemppainen, J.", "title": "Field-scale spatial variation in yields and nitrogen fixation of clover-grass leys and in soil nutrients", "date": "2008", "keywords": "bnf; c e; c u; clover; cut; e n; field; g r; juva; l t; n c; n d; nutrients; soil; sotkamo; u l; variation", "summary": "In those cuts with low Ndfa, a negative correlation was found between Ndfa and Ntot content of grasses, which is in line with the findings of Hansen and Vinther (2001) and might indicate higher soil N. The higher amounts of BNF have been ex- plained in many cases by higher clover dry matter production, not by higher Ndfa (V\u00e4is\u00e4nen et al. 2000, Huss-Danell et al. 2007). Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 376-393 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 376\u2013393. 376 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 376\u2013393. 377 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received December 2007 Field-scale spatial variation in yields and nitrogen fixation of clover-grass leys and in soil nutrients Arja Nyk\u00e4nen1, Lauri Jauhiainen2, Jukka Kemppainen3 and Kristina Lindstr\u00f6m4 1 MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production, L\u00f6nnrotinkatu 3, FI-50100", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5928", "words": "10616", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "SAMMUL, M.; KATTAI, K.; LANNO, K.", "title": "Wooded meadows of Estonia: conservation efforts for agricultural landscape", "date": "2008", "keywords": "area; c e; c u; conservation; e n; estonia; meadows; n c; n d; species; u l; value", "summary": "Wooded meadows of Estonia 416 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 413\u2013429. 417 Data on wooded meadows Our analyses of the current distribution and status of wooded meadows are based on data from two different state-wide GIS-databases (see also Kukk and Sammul 2006). Discussion Dynamics and current distribution of wooded meadows Wooded meadows can be found in other regions besides Estonia, such as southern Sweden, south- ern Finland and the Alps, but they have decreased throughout the range (H\u00e6ggstr\u00f6m 1983, Kukk and Kull 1997, Hansson and Fogelfors 2000, Mitlacher et al. 2002, Huhta and Rautio 2005).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5929", "words": "4482", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "REZAEI, M.; DEHGHANI, S.; ALIGHAFFARI, J.", "title": "The effects of different levels of L-carnitine and fat on performance and egg quality of laying hens", "date": "2008", "keywords": "carnitine; effect; egg; fat; hens", "summary": "Several studies showed that increas- ing dietary energy or supplemental fat decreased feed intake and improved egg weight and feed conversion ratio, but had not significant effect on egg production of laying hens (Bryant et al. 2005, Sohail et al. 2003). In contrast add- ing L-carnitine to laying hens diet had not significant effect on serum cholesterol of laying hens (Leibet- seder, 1995, Yalcin et al. 2006) and broiler (Lien and Horng 2001).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5930", "words": "9370", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Valentinov, Vladislav", "title": "Third sector organizations in rural development: a transaction cost perspective", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c u; cost; n c; n d; sector; self; transaction; transaction cost; tsos", "summary": "The motivation to apply the transaction cost theory to explain the existence of rural TSOs rests on the widely acknowledged usefulness of this theory in explaining the choice among governance mechanisms. Second, since this essay is particularly concerned with rural TSOs, it will be necessary to examine the relationship between rurality and the rationale for TSOs in the alternative framework to be proposed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-59307", "words": "5568", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Foereid, Bente", "title": "Phosphorus availability in residues as fertilizers in organic agriculture", "date": "2017", "keywords": "availability; dgt; organic; phosphorus; plant; results; science; soil; uptake; waste", "summary": "Then x was P uptake per hour in DGT and y was plant P uptake. Regression coefficients prediction of biomass and P uptake for calculation of mineral fertiliser equivalent (MFE), and prediction of plant P uptake based on DGT uptake y0 a b r2 p Biomass High pH 14.23 41.56 2.29 0.969 <0.0001 Low pH 8.74 58.61 1.37 0.979 <0.0001 P-uptake High pH 0.0615 0.0093 0.984 <0.0001 Low pH 0.0584 0.0061 0.969 <0.0001 P-uptake vs. DGT All 13.36 42.04 1.07 0.523 0.0039 High pH 8.65 22.09 27.74 0.290 0.3581 Low pH 5.71 45.89 1.93 0.736 0.0183 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE B. Foereid (2017) 26: 25\u201333 29 When the DGT results were regressed against plant uptake (Fig. 4), the very high value obtained by DGT for CSM at low pH had a large effect on the results.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-59308", "words": "8351", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "R\u00f3\u017cy\u0142o, Krzysztof; \u015awieca, Micha\u0142; Gawlik-Dziki, Urszula; Stefaniuk, Magdalena; Oleszczuk, Patryk", "title": "The potential of biochar for reducing the negative effects of soil contamination on the phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain", "date": "2017", "keywords": "antioxidant; application; biochar; content; control; et al; food; grain; ha\u22121; metals; science; sl+5%bc; soil; total; wheat; yield", "summary": "Chemical properties of control soil (podzolic soil-PS), sewage sludge (SL) and biochar (BC) used in the experiment (mean, \u00b1 SD, n = 3) Parameters and elements PS SL BC dry matter (%) \u2013 55 90 pH (in 1M KCl) Challenges coming from enhanced recycling and efforts to increase agricultural productivity result in attempts to use various mineral and organic wastes to fertilize plants and to improve soil properties.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5931", "words": "7294", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto; Tuomisto, Leena; Joki-Tokola, Erkki; Kauppinen, Risto", "title": "Animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing Hereford bulls under insulated, uninsulated and outdoor housing conditions in Northern Finland", "date": "2009", "keywords": "animal; bulls; c e; c u; carcass; e n; finland; housing; n c; n d; u l", "summary": "There is only little knowledge of the effect of different housing environments on the performance of growing bulls under climatic conditions like in Northern Finland. Performance of growing bulls under different housing conditions 18 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 16\u201326. 19 which was attached to a horizontal bar 40\u201355 cm above the floor.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-59314", "words": "3652", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Maljanen, Marja Elisa; Gondal, Zafar; Bhattarai, HemRaj", "title": "Emissions of nitrous acid (HONO), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from horse dung", "date": "2016", "keywords": "dung; emissions; hono; horse; moisture; n2o; samples", "summary": "Thus, the longer storage of horse dung increases gaseous N losses which should be taken into account when planning an environmental friendly way to handle horse dung. Since horse dung has different composition and structure than e.g. dairy cow dung, the gaseous emissions may differ significantly.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5932", "words": "4497", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Pietruszka, Arkadiusz; Jacyno, Eugenia; Ko\u0142odziej, Anita; Kaw\u0119cka, Maria; Elzanowski, Czes\u0142aw; Matysiak, Beata", "title": "Effects of L-carnitine and iron diet supplementations on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites in fattening pigs", "date": "2009", "keywords": "carnitine; pigs", "summary": "Dove and Haydon (1991) and Saddoris et al. (2003) found that pig diet supplementation with iron did not have any effect on the fattening results. At present, pig diets are based first of all on plant components, thus the demand of pigs for L-carnitine might not be covered, and L-carnitine supplementation could be necessary.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5933", "words": "5980", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Sapr\u00f5kina, Zinaida; Karus, Avo; Kuusik, Sirje; Tikk, Harald; J\u00e4rv, Peeter; Soidla, Riina; Lember, Aleksander; Kaldm\u00e4e, Helgi; Karus, Virge; Roasto, Mati", "title": "Effect of dietary linseed supplements on \u00f9-3 PUFA content and on IGF-1 expression in broiler tissues", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c u; et al; igf-1; linseed; mrna; n c; pufa; \u03c9-3", "summary": "The effect of linseed rich diet on the relationship between IGF-1 expression and \u03c9-6/ \u03c9-3 PUFA ratio We calculated the correlation coefficients between IGF-1 expression level and \u03c9-6/\u03c9-3 PUFA ratio in broilers (Table 5). Dietary linseed supplement effect on broiler IGF-1 expression 36 A G R", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5934", "words": "7293", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "F\u00e4ltmarsch, Rasmus; \u00d6sterholm, Peter; Greger, Maria; \u00c5str\u00f6m, Mats", "title": "Metal concentrations in oats (Avena sativa L.) grown on acid sulphate soils", "date": "2009", "keywords": "acid; c e; c u; concentrations; e n; n c; soils", "summary": "Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 45-56 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 45\u201356. 45 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received April 2008 Metal concentrations in oats (Avena sativa L.) grown on acid sulphate soils Rasmus F\u00e4ltmarsch1*, Peter \u00d6sterholm1, Maria Greger2 and Mats \u00c5str\u00f6m3 1 Key-words: acid sulphate soils, oats, metals, NH4Ac-EDTA, (bio)geochemistry Introduction A total of approximately 17\u201324 million ha acid sulphate (AS) soils are found around the world, with the most significant occurrences in Africa, eastern Australia, Asia and Latin America (Rit- semaa et al. 2000, Andriesse and van Mensvoort 2002).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5935", "words": "13536", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Tontti, Tiina; Nyk\u00e4nen, Arja; Kuisma, Miia", "title": "Waste composts as nitrogen fertilizers for forage leys", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; clover; compost; e n; grass; ley; n c; n d; soil; u l; uptake; year", "summary": "Apparently the added min- eral N fulfilled most of the crop N requirements, whereas compost N was not required. We found the highest BNF estimates, up to 155 kg, with the lowest amount of compost N applied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5936", "words": "8983", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Alaru, Maarika; Laur, \u00dclle; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Reintam, Endla; Selge, Are; Noormets, Merrit", "title": "Winter triticale yield formation and quality affected by N rate, timing and splitting", "date": "2009", "keywords": "application; c e; c u; e n; grain; n c; n d; triticale; u l; winter; yield", "summary": "= , NX N regime Plant height (cm) Number of ear-bearing tillers per plant N+0* 107 \u00b1 2.8a** 2.6 \u00b1 0.09a N+N 105 \u00b1 3.0a 2.3 \u00b1 0.10b 0+N 99 \u00b1 3.2b 2.0 \u00b1 0.11c *N+0 \u2013 all N applied at BBCH28\u201330 N+N \u2013 half of total N amount applied at BBCH28\u201330 and the other half at BBCH47 0+N \u2013 all N applied at BBCH47 Plant height and number of ear-bearing tillers per plant affected by N regime from descriptive statis- tics (\u00b1 S.E.)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5937", "words": "4831", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Pirjo; Kousa, Matti", "title": "Seed production of two meadow fescue cultivars differing in growth habit", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c u; fescue; fure; kalevi; n c; seed", "summary": "The increase in panicle seed weight and phy- tomass before anthesis decreased the seed yield in Fure (Table 3). Moreover, the increase in panicle seed weight might have increased the sink demand, creating competition between the vegeta- tive and generative plant parts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5938", "words": "447", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Helenius, Juha", "title": "Editorial", "date": "2009", "keywords": "food; science", "summary": "It published the Journal of the Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland until 1991, when the Society got together with co-publisher MTT Agrifood Research Finland to start the cur- rent Agricultural and Food Science. A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E 1 Editorial Professor Juha Helenius Editor The 18th volume of Agricultural and Food Science, starting with this issue, is published in the 100th an- niversary year of the Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5940", "words": "8156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Harding, Keith; Johnston, Jason W.; Benson, Erica E", "title": "Exploring the physiological basis of cryopreservation success and failure in clonally propagated in vitro crop plant germplasm", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; cryopreservation; e n; n c; n d; recovery; u l", "summary": "In evaluating programmed cell death in plant cryopreservation it is important to differentiate between events that lead to necrosis and those that are confirmed as truly apoptotic by using biochemical markers (Bischof et al. 2002, Gage and Baust 2002, Reape et al. 2008). This effect was also observed in wild species of potato following shoot cryopreservation using encapsulation-dehy- dration (Fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-59407", "words": "11536", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Hanczakowska, Ewa; Ksi\u0119\u017cak, Jerzy; \u015awi\u0105tkiewicz, Ma\u0142gorzata", "title": "Efficiency of lupine seed (Lupinus angustifolium and Lupinus luteus) in sow, piglet and fattener feeding", "date": "2017", "keywords": "acid; blue; experiment; fed; feed; group; lupine; lupine cv; pigs; soybean; yellow", "summary": "Graf \u2013 \u2013 70 60 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 Blue lupine cv. Graf \u2013 \u2013 80 80 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 Blue lupine cv.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5941", "words": "8214", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Nukari, Anna; Uosukainen, Marjatta; Rokka, Veli-Matti; Antonius, Kristiina; Wang, Qiaochun; Valkonen, Jari P.T.", "title": "Cryopreservation techniques and their application in vegetatively propagated crop plants in Finland", "date": "2009", "keywords": "buds; c u; cryopreservation; cryotherapy; et al; germplasm; n c; plant; potato; production; shoot; techniques; wang", "summary": "However, as Benson (2008b) pointed out, there are very limited numbers of economic efficiency models for plant cryopreservation. Plant cryopreservation: progress and prospects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-59410", "words": "4222", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Mazeikiene, Ingrida; Bendokas, Vidmantas; Baniulis, Danas; Staniene, Grazina; Juskyte, Dovile Ana; Sasnauskas, Audrius; Stanys, Vidmantas; Siksnianas, Tadeusas", "title": "Genetic background of resistance to gall mite in Ribes species", "date": "2017", "keywords": "gall; gene; hybrids; mite; r. aureum; r. nigrum; resistance; x r.", "summary": "Molecular markers of P and Ce genes were present in R. nigrum x R. aureum hybrids (77.5 and 85.0%, respectively). Blackcurrant hybrids with R. nigrum cytoplasm flowered earlier, and their progeny was open pollinated by R. nigrum hybrids or species.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5942", "words": "4392", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Mart\u00edn, Carmen; Gonz\u00e1lez-Benito, M. Elena", "title": "Cryopreservation and genetic stability of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev in vitro cultures", "date": "2009", "keywords": "apices; c u; chrysanthemum; cryopreservation; n c; shoot", "summary": "Sakai et al. (2000) reported a new encapsulation-dehydration method, tested not only with chrysanthemum shoot apices but also in wasabi and mint, that resulted in similar or better recovery than the other two methods tested (encapsulation-dehydration and vitrification), but made the protocol shorter and less handling was re- quired. A simple method based on sucrose pretreat- ment (3 days on 0.55 M sucrose, incubation for 1 h in 7.5% DMSO and direct immersion in liquid nitrogen) resulted in 60\u221275% shoot recovery in C. cinerariaefolium (Hitmi et al. 1999a, 2000a).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5943", "words": "4623", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Condello, Emiliano; Palombi, Maria Antonietta; Tonelli, Maria Grazia; Damiano, Carmine; Caboni, Emilia", "title": "Genetic stability of wild pear (Pyrus pyraster, Burgsd) after cryopreservation by encapsulation dehydration", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; n c; plant", "summary": "Both RAPDs and SSRs did not reveal any polymorphism between cryopreserved lines and the original genotype, suggesting that cryopreservation, using encapsulation-dehydration, does not affect genetic stability of wild pear. Among the DNA analysis techniques used, random- ly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis have also been ap- plied to evaluate genetic stability of the material surviving cryopreservation and in most of the cases have not provided evidence for genetic variation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5944", "words": "4110", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Peredo, Elena L.; Arroyo-Garc\u00eda, Rosa; Reed, Barbara M.; Revilla, M. \u00c1ngeles", "title": "Genetic stability of in vitro conserved germplasm of Humulus lupulus L.", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; n c", "summary": "Several factors associated with in vitro culture procedures, such as the medium composi- tion (Viterbo et al. 1994), may result in somatic variation in cold stored plants. Few studies on the genetic stability of hop plants are available.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5945", "words": "4116", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Fang, Jong-Yi; Wetten, Andy; Adu-Gyamfi, Raphael; Wilkinson, Mike; Rodriguez-Lopez, Carlos", "title": "Use of secondary somatic embryos promotes genetic fidelity in cryopreservation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c u; e n; n c; ses; u l", "summary": "Of the primary somatic embryos, 38.1% exhibited poly- morphic microsatellite profiles while for secondary somatic embryos the frequency was 23.3%. Ca = callus, Ep = epidermis and SSE = secondary somatic embryo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5946", "words": "3451", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Tsvetkov, Ivaylo; Benelli, Carla; Capuana, Maurizio; De Carlo, Anna; Lambardi, Maurizio", "title": "Application of vitrification-derived cryotechniques for long-term storage of poplar and aspen (Populus spp.) germplasm", "date": "2009", "keywords": "vitrification", "summary": "In contrast, the \u2018droplet-vitrification\u2019 technique appeared to be very efficient in the cryopreservation of white poplar shoot tips, which increases the opportunities for wider application of this method in other woody species. Survival of white poplar shoot tips 3 weeks after cryopreservation by \u2018PVS2 vitrification\u2019.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5947", "words": "13897", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Hakala, Kaija; Keskitalo, Marjo; Eriksson, Christian; Pitk\u00e4nen, Timo", "title": "Nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation for eleven different field crops", "date": "2009", "keywords": "barley; biomass; buckwheat; c e; c g; c u; crops; e n; e r; et al; field; g r; hemp; l t; n c; n d; nutrient; quinoa; r c; rcg; root; soil; u l", "summary": "A review of soil ero- sion potential associated with biomass crops. If biomass yield plants are harvested during the grow- ing season (timothy) or in the autumn (RCG and nettle), and if linseed and hemp biomasses are also harvested directly after seed harvest, they would also be very efficient N and P removers, but with the exception of linseed, not superior to barley.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5948", "words": "13077", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hakala, Kaija; Ojanen, Hannu", "title": "Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; change; climate; crop; e n; et al; finland; finnish; g r; growing; l t; n c; n d; peltonen; potential; production; rape; sainio; sainio et; season; spring; u l; winter; yield", "summary": "Further- more, anticipated increases in autumn precipitation (Jylh\u00e4 et al. 2004, IPCC 2007b) and changes in overwintering conditions (Jylh\u00e4 et al. 2008) may hamper sowing winter crops at present sowing win- dow and affect winter survival until cold winters are replaced by mild winters currently typical of north-western and southern Europe. Even though we have concentrated on the issue of how critical overwintering conditions are regard- ing future expansion of crops to novel regions in Finland, it is important to stress that estimated in- creases in autumn precipitation could interfere with sowing of winter crops, which has to be taken into consideration in adaptation strategies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5949", "words": "8576", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "B\u00e4rlund, Ilona; Tattari, Sirkka; Puustinen, Markku; Koskiaho, Jari; Yli-Halla, Markku; Posch, Maximilian", "title": "Soil parameter variability affecting simulated fieldscale water balance, erosion and phosphorus losses", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; clay; e n; g r; l t; model; n c; n d; soil; u l; variability", "summary": "The relationship between Pil and PAc for PAc\u2264 2.3 mg P dm-3 \u2013 a range that seldom occurs in field soils in practice \u2013 is expressed in equation (2), which is a straight line between 0 and the starting point of the Pil value obtained from equation (1). Soil parameter variability 404 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5950", "words": "14974", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Hakala, Kaija; Kontturi, Markku; Pahkala, Katri", "title": "Field biomass as global energy source", "date": "2009", "keywords": "2050; area; bioenergy; biomass; c e; c u; change; climate; crop; e n; energy; et al; field; food; l t; n c; n d; potential; production; residue; soil; u l", "summary": "When crop residue production was estimated for the future (2050), the average technical residue potential values for 1997\u20132006 were corrected at group level for climate change effects (Annex 1). I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 347\u2013365. 355 Food usage and availability of field area for bioenergy crop production", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5951", "words": "13038", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Hyyti\u00e4inen, Kari; Ahtiainen, Heini; Heikkil\u00e4, Jaakko; Helin, Janne; Huhtala, Anni; Iho, Antti; Koikkalainen, Kauko; Miettinen, Antti; Pouta, Eija; Vesterinen, Janne", "title": "An integrated simulation model to evaluate national measures for the abatement of agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea", "date": "2009", "keywords": "abatement; analysis; baltic; baltic sea; c e; c u; cost; e n; finland; finnish; g r; l t; loads; model; n c; n d; nutrient; nutrient abatement; sea; u l; water", "summary": "The model consists of four main components: 1) nutri- ent stock dynamics in the selected sea basins, 2) nutrient loads from land and other sources, 3) the costs of agricultural nutrient abatement and 4) the benefits of nutrient abatement to Finnish citizens. The stochastic simulation model integrates nutrient dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea basins adjoining the Finnish coast, nutrient loads from land and other sources, benefits from nutrient abatement (in the form of recreation and other ecosystem services) and the costs of agricultural abatement activities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5952", "words": "19803", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Jaakkola, Seija; Saarisalo, Eeva; Heikkil\u00e4, Terttu", "title": "Formic acid treated whole crop barley and wheat silages in dairy cow diets: effects of crop maturity, proportion in the diet, and level and type of concentrate supplementation", "date": "2009", "keywords": "barley; c c; c e; c u; crop; d m; e n; exp; g d; g r; kg-1; milk; n c; n d; silage; u l", "summary": "This can be explained by the good intake characteristics of whole crop silage and by the synergistic effect of combining grass and whole crop silages. Even when the diet digestibility clearly decreased (Exp. 1) with the increasing proportion of whole crop barley silage, no corresponding negative effects on silage intake were observed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5953", "words": "10910", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kuosmanen, Timo; Kuosmanen, Natalia", "title": "Role of benchmark technology in sustainable value analysis An application to Finnish dairy farms", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; data; dea; e n; ha\u22121; kuosmanen; methods; n c; n d; nonparametric; u l", "summary": "Build- ing an explicit link between SV method and the frontier approach to environmental performance assessment,2 Kuosmanen and Kuosmanen pro- pose to use a more general benchmark technology, which can be estimated from empirical data using established econometric methods such as stochas- tic frontier analysis (SFA) or data envelopment analysis (DEA) (see e.g. Fried et al. 2007 for an up-to-date review of these methods). Nonparametric methods do not assume a particular functional form, but es- timate the benchmark technology based on some minimal set of axioms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5954", "words": "9507", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kuosmanen, Timo; Niemi, Jyrki", "title": "What explains the widening gap between the retail and producer prices of food?", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; farm; food; g r; industry; l t; margins; market; meat; milk; n c; n d; price; price margins; productivity; retail; trade; u l", "summary": "Strategic groups, competition and retail food prices. On the one hand, Hall et al. (1979), Marion et al. (1983), and various studies by Cotterill (Cotterill 1986, Cotterill and Harper 1995, Cotterill 1999) find that there is a positive correlation between retail concentration and food prices.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5955", "words": "12760", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Kym\u00e4l\u00e4inen, Hanna-Riitta; Kuisma, Risto; M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4, Jenni; Sj\u00f6berg, Anna-Maija", "title": "Assessment of cleanness of environmental surfaces in cattle barns and piggeries", "date": "2009", "keywords": "animal; c e; c u; cleanness; d et; e n; et al; et e; f c; hygiene; l c; l t; m al; materials; methods; n c; n d; studies; surfaces; u l", "summary": "The main aim of this survey is to review detection methods of cleanability, because farm hygienic measures are important criteria for the safety and quality of both meat (Berends et al. 1996, Maw et al. 2001, Wong Lo Fo et al. 2002, Andersen et al. 2005) and milk (de Koning et al. 2003, Hanus et al. 2004, Skrzypek 2006, Trevisi et al. 2006). For example in the study by M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4 et al. (2009), mechanical wear decreased the cleanability of all surface materials, namely concrete and its treatments and coatings, as well as that of joints.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5956", "words": "8250", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Lehtonen, Mari J.; Wilson, Paula. S.; Ahvenniemi, Paavo; Valkonen, Jari P.T.", "title": "Formation of canker lesions on stems and black scurf on tubers in experimentally inoculated potato plants by isolates of AG2-1, AG3 and AG5 of Rhizoctonia solani: a pilot study and literature review", "date": "2009", "keywords": "ag2; ag3; ag5; c u; e n; et al; isolates; n c; plant; potato; rhizoctonia; rhizoctonia solani; scurf; solani; tubers", "summary": "The aim of this study was to test under con- trolled conditions whether the isolates of R. solani obtained from potato plants in Finland and belong- ing to AG2-1, AG3 and AG5 might differ in their ability to produce black scurf on potato tubers. Anastomosis groups, pathogenicity and sensitivity to fun- gicides of Rhizoctonia solani isolates collected on pota- to crops in France.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-59561", "words": "4469", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Staro\u0144, Pawe\u0142; Kowalski, Zygmunt; Staro\u0144, Anita; Banach, Marcin", "title": "Thermal conversion of granules from feathers, meat and bone meal and poultry litter to ash with fertilizing properties", "date": "2017", "keywords": "ash; bone; combustion; content; feathers; litter; meal; meat; phosphorus; poultry", "summary": "Skodras et al. (2007) prepared mixtures of meat bone meal and Greek brown coal. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE P. Staro\u0144 et al. (2017) 26: 173\u2013180 173 Manuscript received November 2016 Thermal conversion of granules from feathers, meat and bone meal and poultry litter to ash with fertilizing properties Pawe\u0142 Staro\u0144, Zygmunt Kowalski, Anita Staro\u0144, Marcin Banach Cracow University of Technology, Department of Engineering and Chemical Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland e-mail: pstaron@chemia.pk.edu.pl Recently, the increased consumption of poultry meat in the EU has been observed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5957", "words": "6797", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Linjama, Jarmo; Puustinen, Markku; Koskiaho, Jari; Tattari, Sirkka; Kotilainen, Helmi; Granlund, Kirsti", "title": "Implementation of automatic sensors for continuous monitoring of runoff quantity and quality in small catchments", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; n c; n d; nitrate; turbidity; water", "summary": "Determining suspended solids and nutrient con- centrations in runoff waters has been based on wa- ter samples taken with various sampling strategies. This publication presents the results from the first year of research, and compares them with the results based on water samples.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5958", "words": "9107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Mikkola, Hannu J.; Ahokas, Jukka", "title": "Energy ratios in Finnish agricultural production", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; energy; energy ratio; finnish; grass; l t; milk; n c; n d; nitrogen; production; ratio; reed; u l", "summary": "Energy ratio can be expressed as ER = Eo / Ei, where ER is energy ratio, Eo is energy output and Ei is energy input. The objective of this study was to assess energy ratios and net energy in plant production and energy ratios in animal production in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5959", "words": "11459", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Myyr\u00e4, Sami; Pihamaa, Pekka; Sipil\u00e4inen, Timo", "title": "Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms from 1976 2006: a parametric approach", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; change; e n; farms; finnish; g r; grain; growth; l t; model; n c; n d; production; productivity; scale; u l", "summary": "Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 283-301 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 283\u2013301. 283 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received February 2009 Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms from 1976\u20132006: a parametric approach Sami Myyr\u00e41, Pekka Pihamaa2 and Timo Sipil\u00e4inen1 1MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, 2Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland, 1email: firstname.lastname@mtt.fi Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms 284 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 283\u2013301. 285 Profitability at the farm level is determined by prices, subsidies and the productivity at which inputs are transformed to outputs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5960", "words": "11210", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hakala, Kaija", "title": "Are there indications of climate change induced increases in variability of major field crops in the northernmost European conditions?", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; crops; e n; finland; l t; n c; n d; spring; u l; variability; yield", "summary": "Decade Yield (t ha-1) Starch content (%) 1970s 32.7 (4.6\u20139.0) 15.1 (0.8\u20131.9) 1980s 34.1 (5.1\u201310.2) 14.9 (1.1\u20132.0) 1990s 37.2 (5.6\u201310.5) 15.9 (0.7\u20131.7) 2000s 42.9 (5.7\u20139.5) 16.2 (1.3\u20131.8) Yield variability was exceptionally high in the 1980s and 1990s, but previously and subse- quently national yields were clearly more stable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5962", "words": "1170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Vanhatalo, Aila", "title": "Preface", "date": "2009", "keywords": "finland; food; production; society", "summary": "However, it has also led to the prevailing situation that agricultural production is heavily dependent on the use of fossil fuels. The Society was established in circumstances, where Finland was not an independent country, and it was not self-sufficient in food production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5963", "words": "10718", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Stoddard, Frederick L.; Hovinen, Simo; Kontturi, Markku; Lindstr\u00f6m, Kristina; Nyk\u00e4nen, Arja", "title": "Legumes in Finnish agriculture: history, present status and future prospects", "date": "2009", "keywords": "bean; breeding; c e; c u; clover; crop; cultivation; e n; faba; finland; finnish; legumes; n c; n d; pea; peas; red; u l; yield", "summary": "Lauri Kristian Relander, who later became the country\u2019s second president, demonstrated that pea yields were greater, with earlier ripening and higher har- vest index, from sowing in early May than from sowing two weeks later, and that slightly higher sowing rates (220 kg ha-1 instead of 180 kg ha-1) were preferable (Relander 1916). Jacob Tengstr\u00f6m, Bishop of Turku, wrote in 1803 that growing peas in northern parts of country was seldom successful due to the short summer and early night frosts that damage the crop prematurely (Grotenfelt 1922).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5964", "words": "6572", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Valkonen, Eija; Rinne, Reine; Valaja, Jarmo", "title": "Effects of perch on feed consumption and behaviour of caged laying hens", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; cages; e n; hens; n c; n d; p16; perches; u l", "summary": "There are, however, also conflicting results reported in the literature e.g. Tauson (1984), who reported inferior plumage cover in cages with perches, and Braastad (1990), who reported better plumage in perch cages than in cages without perches. In P16 and P19 cages, three wooden perches ran through the cages perpendicularly to the feed trough.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5965", "words": "9038", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku; Mokma, Delbert L.; Alakukku, Laura; Drees, Richard; Wilding, Larry P.", "title": "Evidence for the formation of Luvisols/Alfisols as a response to coupled pedogenic and anthropogenic influences in a clay soil in Finland", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; clay; e n; finland; g r; horizon; l t; n c; n d; soil; u l", "summary": "According to Aura (1995), this method is suitable for monitoring the groundwater level of Finnish clay soils since a slight lowering of the water pressure head from zero clearly reduces the water content of clay soil above the groundwater surface and groundwater level can be determined accurately. Direct evidence of illuvial clay has not been documented in the descriptions of clay soils formed after the Weichselian glaciation in Finland or Swe- den.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5966", "words": "7025", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Tattari, Sirkka; Koskiaho, Jari; B\u00e4rlund, Ilona; Jaakkola, Elina", "title": "Testing a river basin model with sensitivity analysis and autocalibration for an agricultural catchment in SW Finland", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c e; c u; catchment; e n; g r; l t; model; n c; n d; sensitivity; soil; swat; u l; water", "summary": "Sensitivity classes in SWAT model (van Griensven and Meixner 2003). As- sessing SWAT model performance in the evaluation of management actions for the implementation of the Wa- ter Framework Directive in a Finnish catchment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-59665", "words": "7684", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Gall\u00f3, Judit; Fernye, Csaba; Orosz, Szilvia; Katona, Kriszti\u00e1n; Szemethy, L\u00e1szl\u00f3", "title": "Tomato pomace silage as a potential new supplementary food for game species", "date": "2017", "keywords": "acid; content; deer; feeding; food; grains; ground; kg-1; maize; pomace; protein; silage; species; tomato; tomato pomace", "summary": "Con- sumption of tomato pomace silage by wild ungulates was also measured. Denek and Can (2006) used wheat straw and wheat grain as additives, and they found that tomato pomace silages fermented and preserved well with these additions, and this type of silage can be a source of good quality roughage for sheep.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5967", "words": "11522", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Usva, Kirsi; Saarinen, Merja; Katajajuuri, Juha-Matti; Kurppa, Sirpa", "title": "Supply chain integrated LCA approach to assess environmental impacts of food production in Finland", "date": "2009", "keywords": "c c; c e; c o; c u; case; chain; cultivation; data; e n; eqv; food; l t; lca; n c; n d; production; studies; u l", "summary": "However, scientists are very aware of the sensitivity of LCA case studies regarding decision-making at different stages during a study and of limitations regarding generalization of LCA case study results, even to other products of the same product group. LCA case studies were carried out using a sup- ply chain integrated LCA approach (Poikkim\u00e4ki and Virtanen 2003), the theoretical background of which resides in industrial ecology, and operation- ally is linked to organization and business manage- ment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5968", "words": "11179", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Regina, Kristiina; Lehtonen, Heikki; Nousiainen, Jouni; Esala, Martti", "title": "Modelled impacts of mitigation measures on greenhouse gas emissions from Finnish agriculture up to 2020", "date": "2009", "keywords": "agriculture; area; c e; c u; e n; emissions; finland; g r; greenhouse; l t; mitigation; model; n c; n d; production; scenario; soils; u l", "summary": "One benefit of biogas as a mitigation practice is that the reductions are seen in the emissions reported as agricultural emissions whereas the production of field biomasses may even increase the agricultural emissions due to the increased need of cropland area and fertiliser use. No other changes in soil emissions were expected on the basis of the selected modelling assumptions since the amount of manure was not assumed to change and the amount of crop residues changed very little.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5970", "words": "7395", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hagner, Marleena; Pasanen, Tiina; Lindqvist, Bengt; Lindqvist, Isa; Tiilikkala, Kari; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Heikki", "title": "Effects of birch tar oils on soil organisms and plants", "date": "2010", "keywords": "bto1; c e; c u; e n; effects; n c; n d; plants; soil", "summary": "At highest test concentrations (8425\u221223400 mg BTO1 kg-1 dry soil), all springtails died. Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 13-23 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 13\u201323. 13 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received: February 2008 Effects of birch tar oils on soil organisms and plants Marleena Hagner1, Tiina Pasanen1, Bengt Lindqvist2, Isa Lindqvist2, Kari Tiilikkala2, Olli-Pekka Penttinen1 and Heikki Set\u00e4l\u00e41* 1Department of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5971", "words": "6173", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Hagner, Marleena; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Pasanen, Tiina; Tiilikkala, Kari; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Heikki", "title": "Acute toxicity of birch tar oil on aquatic organisms", "date": "2010", "keywords": "bto1; c e; c u; e n; l-1; n c; test; toxicity; u l", "summary": "27 The pH level of test waters was routinely monitored during treatments. Key-words: acute toxicity test, aquatic organisms, birch tar oil, biocide, EC50 Introduction Birch tar oil (BTO; CAS #8001-88-5, American Chemical Society 2007) is a crude by-product of the slow destructive distillation or pyrolysation, of wood and bark for processing into coal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5972", "words": "7708", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Lindqvist, Isa; Lindquist, Bengt; Tiilikkala, Kari; Hagner, Marleena; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Pasanen, Tiina; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Heikki", "title": "Birch tar oil is an effective mollusc repellent: field and laboratory experiments using Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and Arion lusitanicus (Gastropoda: Arionidae)", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; experiment; n c; n d; repellent; snails; u l", "summary": "The results of the laboratory study (Experiment 1) proved BTOs to be ineffective in eliminating snails; neither BTO1 nor BTO2 had a statistically signifi- cant effect on the survival of adult snails (ANOVA, F=1.68, p=0.226) (Fig. 4). Adult snails were allowed to reproduce in 1.7 l glass jars (\u00d8 10 cm, height 19 cm) containing a soil monolith (4 cm thick), and covered with gauze.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5973", "words": "8072", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Ochmian, Ireneusz; Grajkowski, J\u00f3zef; Skupie\u0144, Katarzyna", "title": "Effect of substrate type on the field performance and chemical composition of highbush blueberry cv.Patriot", "date": "2010", "keywords": "berries; blueberry; c e; c u; content; fruit; n c; n d; sawdust; u l", "summary": "Fruit N content was approximately half of leaf N content, and the values obtained were lower compared to 1.7-2.8% determined by Skupie\u0144 (2004) in four blueberry cultivars. The aim of a 3-year study was to compare the effect of substrate type (peat, sawdust and cocoa husk) on the yield, fruit quality, general and phenolic composition, and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar Patriot.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5974", "words": "8705", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Tamm, Kalvi; V\u00f5sa, Taavi; Loko, Valdek; Kadaja, J\u00fcri; Vettik, Raivo; Olt, J\u00fcri", "title": "The impact of distance to the farm compound on the options for use of the cereal plot", "date": "2010", "keywords": "area; c e; c u; costs; distance; e n; farm; n c; n d; plot; plot distance; u l", "summary": "Harasimowicz (1997) describes an evaluation sys- tem, where plot distance to the compound is one factor affecting land value in points characterising the profitability potential of land: a plot situated far away is assessed to be less valuable than a closer one. The simulations are used to estimate the influence of the price of fuel and yield, as well as the yield level on the economical maximum of plot distance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5975", "words": "7332", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Pradhan, Surendra K.; Pitk\u00e4nen, Susanna; Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi", "title": "Fertilizer value of urine in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) cultivation", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; fertilizer; mineral; n c; n d; pumpkins; u l; urine", "summary": "In conclusion, our study shows that the production rate of urine fertilized pumpkins was somewhat lower than mineral fertilized pumpkins but it was higher than non-fertilized pumpkins. The total fruit biomass of mineral fertilized pumpkins was considerably higher than for non- fertilized and urine fertilized pumpkins (Table 4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5976", "words": "5017", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Soov\u00e4li, Pille; Koppel, Mati", "title": "Efficacy of fungicide tebuconazole in barley varieties with different resistance level", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c e; c u; n c", "summary": "The time and level of disease infection in the field depends on the susceptibility of the used variety, therefore the resistance of varieties has a great importance in the control of plant diseases. Time of fungicide application and assessment of disease infection (dates, growth stages BBCH) for trials of 2003\u20132005.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5977", "words": "7600", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "V\u00e4re, Minna; Pietola, Ky\u00f6sti; Weiss, Christoph R.", "title": "The irrelevance of stated plans in predicting farm successions in Finland", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; farm; farmers; l t; n c; n d; plans; succession; u l", "summary": "The irrelevance of stated plans in predicting farm successions in Finland Minna V\u00e4re1*, Ky\u00f6sti Pietola1 and Christoph R. Weiss2 1MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, *firstname.lastname@mtt.fi 2Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration This study estimates the value of farmers\u2019 stated succession plans in predicting revealed succession deci- sions. Key-words: farm succession, retirement, stated plan, recursive probit Introduction One of the main constituent elements of family farm is that the farm will be transferred to the next generation within the family (Gasson and Errington 1993, Pfeffer 1989).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5978", "words": "5371", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Bakal, Sushant B.; Gedam, Kishor H.; Sharma, Gyanendra Prakash", "title": "Drying characteristics and kinetics of fluidized bed dried potato", "date": "2010", "keywords": "drying; model; moisture; potato", "summary": "Effective diffusivity and regression coefficient values Shape Drying temperature (\u25cbC) Regression equation Moisture diffusivity (m2s-1) Coefficient of Determination R2 Cuboidal A:L1 = 1:1 50 y = -0.0036x + 0.014 2.277 \u00d7 10-9 0.98 60 y = -0.0043x + 0.013 2.721 A similar trend for increase in drying time was also observed for cylindrical shaped potato.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5979", "words": "6096", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Bergjord, Anne Kari; Bonesmo, Helge; Skjelv\u00e5g, Arne Oddvar", "title": "Model prediction of frost tolerance as related to winter survival of wheat in Finnish field trials", "date": "2010", "keywords": "lt50c; winter", "summary": "Wheat winter survival varied considerably between years and locations (Table 1). 185 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received December 2008 Model prediction of frost tolerance as related to winter survival of wheat in Finnish field trials Anne Kari Bergjord*1,2, Helge Bonesmo1,a and Arne Oddvar Skjelv\u00e5g2 1Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Grassland and Landscape Division Kvithamar, N-7500 Stj\u00f8rdal, Norway, *email: anne.kari.bergjord@bioforsk.no 2Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Box 5003, N-1432 \u00c5s, Norway aPresent address: Norwegian Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Statens hus, Prinsensgate 1, N-7468 Trondheim, Norway The model FROSTOL simulates course of frost tolerance in winter wheat on a daily basis from sowing on as affected by soil temperature (2 cm), snow cover, phenological development, and a genotypic maximum level of frost tolerance (LT50).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5980", "words": "9698", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Bonesmo, Helge; Nordang, Leidulf; Davies, Lloyd", "title": "Tactical decisions of concentrate level, slaughter age and carcass weight of bulls of five beef breeds under Norwegian conditions", "date": "2010", "keywords": "beef; breeds; bulls; c e; c u; carcass; concentrate; daily; g r; n c; n d; silage; u l; weight", "summary": "In this work the model was combined with production statistics to find general recommendations in the finishing of beef bulls under Norwegian conditions. The INRA feeding tables of beef bulls (Gar- cia et al. 2007), based on a net energy system of feed units beef (FUb) used during many years in beef production in France.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5981", "words": "7629", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto; Joki-Tokola, Erkki", "title": "Performance of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on silages made of whole-crop barley, whole-crop wheat, hairy vetch and grass", "date": "2010", "keywords": "bulls; c e; c u; carcass; crop; diet; grass; intake; n c; silage", "summary": "Effects of maturity stage and feeding strategy of whole crop barley silage on intake, digestibility and milk production in dairy cows. Effect of maturity on the nutritive value of whole crop wheat silage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5982", "words": "10186", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kaukoranta, Timo; Tahvonen, Risto; Yl\u00e4m\u00e4ki, Arto", "title": "Climatic potential and risks for apple growing by 2040", "date": "2010", "keywords": "apple; c e; c u; e n; n c; n d; u l; \u00b0 c; \u00b0 n", "summary": "In the past since 1960, mean daily temperatures in both spring (March-May) and winter (December-February) have risen by about 1 \u00b0C; winter temperatures have risen to even a slightly higher extent, but their inter-annual variation has been much wider than that for spring temperatures (Tuomenvirta 2004). 144 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19 (2010): 144\u2013159. 145 Introduction In Finland, global climate change is expected to cause rise of seasonal mean temperatures in 2010\u2013 2039, relative to the mean values in 1961\u20131990, in winter by 1.2\u20135 \u00b0C, in spring by 1.1\u2013 4.2 \u00b0C, in summer (June-August) by 0.6\u20131.6 \u00b0C, and in fall (September\u2013November) by 0.9\u20132.3 \u00b0C (Jylh\u00e4 et al. 2004).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5983", "words": "8676", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "R\u00e4ty, Mari; Horn, Rainer; Rasa, Kimmo; Yli-Halla, Markku; Pietola, Liisa", "title": "Compressive behaviour of the soil in buffer zones under different management practices in Finland", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c e; c u; clay; e n; loam; n c; n d; sandy; soil; u l", "summary": "The risk of surface soil deterioration resulting especially from grazing of clay soil was estimated, a practice that is allowed in BZ areas in Finland. The use of air-filled porosity and intrinsic permeability to air to characterize structure of macropore space and satu- rated hydraulic conductivity of clay soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5984", "words": "5304", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "S\u0142upski, Jacek; Lisiewska, Zofia; Kmiecik, Waldemar; G\u0119bczy\u0144ski, Piotr; Sobczy\u0144ska, Lidia", "title": "The effect of processing on the amino acid content in green cauliflower", "date": "2010", "keywords": "acids; amino; cauliflower; content; food; frozen", "summary": "The effect of processing on the amino acid content in green cauliflower Jacek S\u0142upski, Zofia Lisiewska*, Waldemar Kmiecik, Piotr G\u0119bczy\u0144ski and Lidia Sobczy\u0144ska Department of Raw Materials and Processing of Fruit and Vegetables, Agricultural University of Krakow, 122 Balicka, 30\u2013149 Krakow, Poland, *email: rrlisiew@cyf-kr.edu.pl The aim of the work was to evaluate the level of amino acids and quality of protein in fresh green cauliflower and in three kinds of products as eaten: fresh cauliflower after cooking; and two types of frozen product: frozen cauliflower obtained using the traditional method (blanching-freezing-frozen storage-cooking); and by the modified method (cooking-frozen storage-defrosting-heating in a microwave oven). Key-words: green cauliflower, amino acids, blanching, cooking, freezing, culinary treatment Introduction In the countries of the European Union, cauliflower occupies an important position in the production of fresh and frozen vegetables (FAOSTAT 2008).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5985", "words": "6618", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Mustonen, Leo; Wallius, Esa; Hurme, Timo", "title": "Nitrogen fertilization and yield formation of potato during a short growing period", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c u; ha-1; matter; n c; nitrogen", "summary": "Dry matter and nitrogen content of haulms started to decline during the later part of season and most nitrogen was relocated to tubers. A possible source of error is that roots stimulated by fertilizer applica- tion may also take up some more nitrogen The data for total dry matter, foliage dry mat- ter, total content of nitrogen, nitrogen content of foliage and tuber dry matter content were analysed separately for 2000 and 2001.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5986", "words": "14918", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "\u017dgajnar, Jaka; Erjavec, Emil; Kav\u010di\u010d, Stane", "title": "Multi-step beef ration optimisation: application of linear and weighted goal programming with a penalty function", "date": "2010", "keywords": "cost; function; goal; module; n c; penalty; ration; second", "summary": "Obtained results show that one could formulate more balanced rations with minor increases in ration cost. However, Rehman and Romero (1987) have shown under different conditions that with this approach, it is possible to achieve even additional reductions in ration cost comparing to the least-cost ration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5987", "words": "4641", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Hossein-Zadeh, Navid Ghavi; Ardalan, Mehrnaz", "title": "Comparison of different models for the estimation of genetic parameters of body weight traits in Moghani sheep", "date": "2010", "keywords": "estimates; sheep; weight", "summary": "Fitting either maternal permanent environmental effect (model 2) or maternal genetic effect (model 3) as second random effect resulted in significantly (p < 0.001) higher log-likelihood and more accuracy for all traits in comparison to the model which ignored these effects (models 1). Inclusion of maternal permanent environmental effect after maternal genetic effect (model 5) improved the log-likelihood significantly for all traits.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5988", "words": "6480", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto; Joki-Tokola, Erkki; Honkavaara, Markku; Tuomisto, Leena; Kauppinen, Risto", "title": "Meat quality and fatty acid profile of M. longissimus dorsi of growing bulls under insulated, uninsulated and outdoor housing conditions", "date": "2010", "keywords": "bulls; housing; meat; pad; quality", "summary": "Instead, the myoglobin content of the LD was 21% higher in PAD bulls than in IB bulls (p < 0.05). The PUFA:SFA ratio was higher in PAD bulls than in IB bulls (p < 0.05)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5989", "words": "7160", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Winiarska-Mieczan, Anna; Kwiecie\u0144, Ma\u0142gorzata", "title": "The influence of raw grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds on growth performance and biochemical and haematological parameters in the blood of grower-finisher pigs", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c u; grass pea; n c; pea; pea seeds; protein; seeds; weight", "summary": "Influence of grass pea seeds on pig performance and blood parameters 224 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 223\u2013232. 225 riod of experiment the animals of group II were fed standard grower mixtures, in the finisher ex- perimental formula, soybean meal were replaced by raw grass pea seeds (Table 2). However, the fatteners fed grass pea seeds amounting to 50% of protein feedstuffs in both fattening periods revealed the highest feed and energy intake per kg of live weight gain, compared to the group feed grass pea only in the second phase of the fattening period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5990", "words": "4503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "\u015awi\u0105tkiewic, Sylwester; Koreleski, Jerzy; Arczewska-W\u0142osek, Anna", "title": "Egg performance, egg quality, and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed diets with different levels of rapeseed expeller cake", "date": "2010", "keywords": "cake; egg; rapeseed", "summary": "Rapeseed cake in layer diets 238 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 233\u2013239. 239 control group, the significantly higher excretion of P in layers fed with 8% of rapeseed expeller cake has obvious environmental implications in relation to the pollution potential of hen\u2019s excreta. I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 233\u2013239. 233 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2009 Egg performance, egg quality, and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed diets with different levels of rapeseed expeller cake Sylwester \u015awi\u0105tkiewicz*, Jerzy Koreleski and Anna Arczewska-W\u0142osek National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, 32-083 Balice, Poland, *e-mail: sylwester.swiatkiewicz@izoo.krakow.pl The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of rapeseed expeller cake (RC) in the diet of laying hens on egg performance, egg quality, retention and excretion of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, and metabolizability of energy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5991", "words": "7676", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Ba\u00f1\u00f3n, Sancho; Bedia, Mario; Almela, Elisabeth; Mart\u00ednez, Pedro Jos\u00e9", "title": "Improving the quality of dry-cured sausages using pork from rustic breeds", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c u; e n; meat; n c; n d; sausage; u l", "summary": "The connective tissue contributes negatively to the chewiness of dry cured sausage, since the drying process does not gelatinise the native collagen. Determination of hydroxyproline in cured pork sausages and dry cured beef products by NIRS technology employing a fibre\u2013optic probe.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5992", "words": "10987", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Nissinen, Oiva; Kalliainen, Pekka; Jauhiainen, Lauri", "title": "Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c e; c u; digestibility; e n; growth; l t; matter; n c; n d; stage; timothy; u l; yield", "summary": "Key-words: Phleum pratense, timothy, dry matter yield, leaf to stem ratio, organic matter digestibility, crude protein content A G R As regards dry matter yield, the decline in organic matter digestibility was from 80% at the early pasture stage to 63% at the late silage stage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5993", "words": "11840", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Hansson, Helena; Ferguson, Richard; Olofsson, Christer", "title": "Understanding the diversification and specialization of farm businesses", "date": "2010", "keywords": "activities; business; c e; c u; diversification; e n; farm; n c; n d; specialization; u l", "summary": "Though such portfolio behavior has been identified in general entrepreneurship literature (e.g Westhead and Wright 1999), starting multiple businesses as an alternative of farm business diversification is an interesting issue to be further explored. Furthermore, with the notable excep- tion of McNally (2001), little previous research on farm diversification has used panel data, limiting assessment of development patterns over time.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5994", "words": "9085", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Alakukku, Laura; Ristolainen, Antti; Sarikka, Ilkka; Hurme, Timo", "title": "Surface water ponding on clayey soils managed by conventional and conservation tillage in boreal conditions", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c u; clay; n c; ntg; p p; soil; surface; tillage; water", "summary": "313\u2013326. 315 tion of conservation tillage on clayey soil areas has been documented since Finland joined the EU in 1995. One sign of the problems in the field\u2019s hydrology is free water ponding on soil surface.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5995", "words": "9326", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri", "title": "Cultivar improvement and environmental variability in yield removed nitrogen of spring cereals and rapeseed in northern growing conditions according to a long-term dataset", "date": "2010", "keywords": "barley; c e; c u; crop; ha-1; n c; nitrogen; rape; yield; yrn", "summary": "Also frequencies (in right-hand side) for each of the four groups having regular intervals between minimum and maximum N yield (shown with dash lines) are indicated as well as mean N yields above an arrow for early (1988\u20131998) and late study years (1999\u20132008). Genetic im- provement of spring barley cultivars grown in eastern Canada from 1910 to 1988.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5996", "words": "6190", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "V\u00e4rv, Sirje; Kantanen, Juha; Viinalass, Haldja", "title": "Microsatellite, blood group and transferrin protein diversity of Estonian dairy cattle breeds", "date": "2010", "keywords": "breeds; c u; cattle; estonian; microsatellite; n c; native", "summary": "We conclude that the DNA samples and genotyping data collected in the present study will be of value in future studies examining, for example, temporal changes in the genetic diversity of Estonian dairy cattle breeds. Acknowledgements. In addition, Tapio et al. (2006) demonstrated that the Estonian Native Cattle are of a high value in the conservation of cattle genetic resources when the prioritisation of cattle breeds is based simultane- ously on within- and between-breed components of genetic diversity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5997", "words": "5004", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Rybarczyk, Artur; Kmie\u0107, Marek; Szaruga, Roman; Napiera\u0142a, Filip; Terman, Arkadiusz", "title": "The effect of calpastatin polymorphism and its interaction with RYR1 genotypes on carcass and meat quality of crossbred pigs", "date": "2010", "keywords": "carcass; cast; genotypes; meat; mspi; n.s; pigs; quality; ryr1", "summary": "16.81 0.12 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Drip loss (%) 7.65 0.23 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. WHC (% of free water) 17.42 0.44 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Thermal drip (%) 25.88 0.25 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. pH48 5.57 0.01 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. EC2 (mS/cm)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5998", "words": "7351", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez, Adela; Soldado, Ana; Vicent, Fernando; Mart\u00ednez, Antonio; de la Roza-Delgado, Bego\u00f1a", "title": "Wilting and inoculation of Lactobacillus buchneri on intercropped triticale-fava silage: effects on nutritive, fermentative and aerobic stability characteristics", "date": "2010", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; n c; n d; silage; wilting", "summary": "In the other hand, the additive increases the ammonium concentration in silages with high proteolysis such as wilted fava bean silages (S \u00d7 W \u00d7 A, p < 0.05). The DM content in wilted silages was clearly lower after ensiling than before it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-5999", "words": "9363", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Uusi-K\u00e4mpp\u00e4, Jaana; Mattila, Pasi K.", "title": "Nitrogen losses from grass ley after slurry application surface broadcasting vs. injection", "date": "2010", "keywords": "application; c e; c u; e n; losses; n c; n d; nitrogen; runoff; slurry; soil; surface", "summary": "At present, nitrogen losses from slurry applied fields are mitigated, since the application of N fertilizers (including slurry N) is not allowed Fig. Due to the soil wetness and risk of soil compac- Nitrogen losses from grass ley after slurry application \u2013 surface broadcasting vs. injection Jaana Uusi-K\u00e4mpp\u00e4 and Pasi K. Mattila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: jaana.uusi-kamppa@mtt.fi As the livestock numbers on Finnish dairy farms have increased and most fields on dairy farms are under grass, it has become common to spread cattle slurry over grasslands.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6000", "words": "729", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Saxe, Annegret", "title": "Letter to Editor : Third sector organizations in rural development A Comment", "date": "2011", "keywords": "organizations; transaction; williamson", "summary": "With the help of these dimensions distinctive characteristics of transactions and therewith specified transaction costs can be defined. Otherwise, as actors are sparse, ex post dependency and the fear of exploitation might afford appropriate safeguards that might raise transaction costs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6001", "words": "9007", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Hakala, Kaija; Hannukkala, Asko O.; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Jalli, Marja; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo", "title": "Pests and diseases in a changing climate a major challenge for Finnish crop production", "date": "2011", "keywords": "autumn; c e; c u; change; climate; crops; e n; et al; finland; increase; n c; n d; pests; plant; season; winter", "summary": "Examples of possible increased pest risks Climate change will have a number of effects on developmental rate and phenology of crop plants that will alter the proliferation of associated pest spe- cies. Increased cropping of winter oilseed crops could change the status and phenology of pests of cruciferous crops.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6002", "words": "14192", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Hannukkala, Asko O.", "title": "Examples of alien pathogens in Finnish potato production - their introduction, establishment and consequences", "date": "2011", "keywords": "blackleg; c e; c u; dickeya; disease; e n; fields; finland; finnish; g r; hannukkala; l t; n c; n d; new; plant; pmtv; potato; production; rot; seed; tubers; u l; wart", "summary": "Global warming can change the relative importance of potato diseases already present in Finland. The causal agent of potato wart disease was first described as Chrysophlyctis endobiotica by Schilberdksky (1896) and Percival (1910) changed the name to Synchytrium endobioticum.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6003", "words": "10240", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Heikkil\u00e4, Jaakko", "title": "A review of risk prioritisation schemes of pathogens, pests and weeds: principles and practices", "date": "2011", "keywords": "assessment; c e; c u; et al; model; n c; n d; prioritisation; questions; risk; studies", "summary": "(Horby et al. 2001; Doherty 2006; Weinberg et al. 1999). Border control for potential aquatic weeds - Stage 1: Weed risk model.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6004", "words": "8919", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Lilja, Arja; Rytk\u00f6nen, Anna; Hantula, Jarkko; M\u00fcller, Michael; Parikka, P\u00e4ivi; Kurkela, Timo", "title": "Introduced pathogens found on ornamentals, strawberry and trees in Finland over the past 20 years", "date": "2011", "keywords": "c e; c u; disease; et al; finland; forest; lilja; n c; pathogen; phytophthora; plant; ramorum; species; strawberry; trees", "summary": "Although individual vari- ation in morphology is evident, microscopic ex- aminations could not identify intraspecific genetic groups or establish host specificity among isolates from apple, birch, rhododendron and strawberry (Stamps et al. 1990, Hantula et al. 2000). The morpho- logical similarity of the pathogen to M. hiratsukanum was noted and recent work confirmed the species identification (P\u00f5ldmaa 1997, Kurkela et al. 1999, Hantula et al. 2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6005", "words": "8804", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Lemmetty, Anne; Laamanen, Jaana; Soukainen, Mirkka; Tegel, Jukka", "title": "Emerging virus and viroid pathogen species identified for the first time in horticultural plants in Finland in 1997-2010", "date": "2011", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; et al; finland; mosaic; n c; new; plant; tomato; u l; viroid; virus; viruses", "summary": "Numerous nucleic acid sequences of plant viruses have been published and sequence comparisons have opened up new possibilities for documenting virus taxonomy and diversity. The use of cryo- preservation protocols ensures the preservation of the plant material in safe for plant viruses in con- trast to field-maintenance (Nukari et al. 2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6006", "words": "14675", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "V\u00e4nninen, Irene; Worner, Susan; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Tuovinen, Tuomo; Nissinen, Anne; Saikkonen, Kari", "title": "Recorded and potential alien invertebrate pests in Finnish agriculture and horticulture", "date": "2011", "keywords": "alien; c e; c u; d ae; e n; establishment; finland; finnish; g r; l t; n c; n d; pests; plant; potential; risk; som; species; u l", "summary": "One recent approach proposed to address this is to map the most likely indigenous donor regions of alien species to pro- duce lists of species with a high likelihood of es- tablishment (Gevrey et al. 2006). This is particularly important with respect to climate change, which can increase the risk of establishment of alien species, either because cli- matic conditions become more favourable for the species in question, or because a pest\u2019s host plants are taken increasingly into cultivation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-60068", "words": "5769", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Seleiman, Mahmoud F.; Selim, Shaimaa; Jaakkola, Seija; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Pirjo S.A.", "title": "Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize fertilized with synthetic fertilizer or digestate and harvested at two maturity stages in Boreal growing conditions", "date": "2017", "keywords": "content; crop; das; digestate; et al; fertilizer; harvest; kg-1; maize; science; starch; synthetic", "summary": "Crude protein content in whole crop maize decreased at 150 DAS (78.0 g kg-1 on average) in comparison with harvest at 120 DAS (85.5 g kg-1 on average). Nutritive value and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage harvested at four stages of maturity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6007", "words": "570", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho", "title": "Foreword", "date": "2011", "keywords": "alien; species", "summary": "In agricultural and horticultural production, alien pest species cause economic loss by decreasing the production or lowering the quality of products. The main aim of the special issue is to provide up- dated reviews on the current status of major groups of alien pest species, including plant pathogens, insect pests and weeds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6008", "words": "6290", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho; Jalli, Heikki", "title": "Alien species in the Finnish weed flora", "date": "2011", "keywords": "alien; c u; finland; invasion; n c; species; weed; weed species", "summary": "The present study aimed at examining the inva- sion of alien agricultural weed species in Finland by reviewing the occurrence and distribution of European weed species in Finland. 86 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 20(2011): 86\u201395. 87 \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received August 2010 Alien species in the Finnish weed flora Terho Hyv\u00f6nen* and Heikki Jalli MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland *e-mail: terho.hyvonen@mtt.fi The present study aimed at assessing the invasion of alien weed species in Finland based on a review of their occurrence in the Finnish weed flora.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6009", "words": "10801", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "82", "author": "Jalli, Marja; Laitinen, Pauliina; Latvala, Satu", "title": "The emergence of cereal fungal diseases and the incidence of leaf spot diseases in Finland", "date": "2011", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; ea d; em d; finland; n c; n d", "summary": "Key-words: Plant disease, leaf spot disease, emergence, cereal, barley, wheat, oat Introduction Plant diseases are an outcome of the long-term in- teraction between plants and pathogens. Plant diseases cause significant yield losses in cereal crops and reduce grain quality, threatening food safety (Gregory et al. 2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6010", "words": "587", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Valentinov, Vladislav", "title": "Letter to Editor : Third sector organizations in rural development: - Reply", "date": "2011", "keywords": "saxe; sector", "summary": "Third sector organizations in rural development: a comment. Third sector organizations in rural development: a transaction cost perspective.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6011", "words": "4611", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho", "title": "Impact of temperature and germination time on the success of a C4 weed in a C3 crop: Amaranthus retroflexus and spring barley", "date": "2011", "keywords": "barley; retroflexus; temperature; weed", "summary": "The success of A. retroflexus was measured as growth (height and biomass) and seed production (number and biomass). Elevation in temperature enhanced seed production of A. retroflexus, but the impact on growth was minor (only dif- ference in plant height in one treatment).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6012", "words": "12438", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Manninen, Merja; Honkavaara, Markku; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Nyk\u00e4nen, Arja; Heikkil\u00e4, Anna-Maija", "title": "Effects of grass-red clover silage digestibility and concentrate protein concentration on performance, carcass value, eating quality and economy of finishing Hereford bulls reared in cold conditions", "date": "2011", "keywords": "bulls; c e; c u; carcass; concentrate; diet; digestibility; e n; et al; grass; kg-1; n c; protein; silage; silage digestibility; u l", "summary": "Pre\u2011 diction of silage feeding value from the analysis of the herbage at ensiling and effects of nitrogen fertilizer, date of harvest and additive treatment on grass silage compo\u2011 sition. The effects of grain treatment, grain feed level and grass silage feed value on the performance of and meat quality from finishing beef cattle.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6013", "words": "9356", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Salputra, Guna; Chantreuil, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric; Hanrahan, Kevin; Donnellan, Trevor; van Leeuwen, Myrna; Erjavec, Emil", "title": "Policy harmonized approach for the EU agricultural sector modelling", "date": "2011", "keywords": "agmemod; approach; beef; c e; c u; cap; e n; member; model; n c; payments; policy; production; support; u l", "summary": "The New Member States (NMS) are still allowed to use the transition support system \u2013 Single Area Payment (SAP) scheme - one of the advantages of which is the flexibility to provide national top-ups to agriculture in coupled and de- coupled forms until 2013 in line with phasing-in of EU direct payments, while EU support within SAP scheme must be totally decoupled. The usefulness of the PH approach has been illustrated through its implementation in the AG- MEMOD model and its use in analysing a series of EU agricultural policy reform scenarios.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6014", "words": "4429", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Sironen, Anu; Uimari, Pekka; Vilkki, Johanna", "title": "Comparison of different DNA extraction methods from hair root follicles to genotype Finnish Landrace boars with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip", "date": "2011", "keywords": "c u; concentration; dna; genotyping; hair; method; n c; samples; sperm", "summary": "Differences in allele calls after Beadchip genotyping of hair root samples prepared by various DNA extraction methods. Distribution plot of call rates against DNA con- centration of hair root samples.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6015", "words": "8821", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Vauhkonen, Ville; Ventel\u00e4, Sari; Suojaranta, Juhani; Lauhanen, Risto; Pasila, Antti; Kuokkanen, Toivo; Prokkola, Hanna; Syv\u00e4j\u00e4rvi, Sanna", "title": "The phytotoxic effects and biodegradability of stored rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil methyl ester", "date": "2011", "keywords": "biodegradation; contamination; fuel; oil; rapeseed; rapeseed oil; rme; rso; test; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "131PB \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received August 2010 The phytotoxic effects and biodegradability of stored rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil methyl ester Ville Vauhkonen1*, Risto Lauhanen1, Sarita Ventel\u00e41, Juhani Suojaranta1, Antti Pasila1, Toivo Kuokkanen2, Hanna Prokkola2 and Sanna Syv\u00e4j\u00e4rvi2 1Sein\u00e4joki University of Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture and Forestry, FI-60800 Ilmajoki, Finland 2University of Oulu, Department of Chemistry, PL 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland *Current address: UPM Research Center, FI-53200 Lappeenranta, Finland email: ville.vauhkonen@upm.com The aims of this study were to determine the phytotoxicity of stored rapeseed (Brassica rapa) oil (RSO) and rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) after \u201cspill like\u201d contamination on the growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and the biodegradability of these substances in OECD 301F test conditions and in ground water. The measured phytomasses (\u00b1SD) of barley crops with different contamination levels of rapeseed oil (RSO) and rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) at the Koulutila and Rahkakorpi test sites. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 RSO (Koulutila) RME (Koulutila) RSO (Rahkakorpi) RME (Rahkakorpi) Wet mass, grams 0.0, l m\u207b\u00b2 0.5, l m\u207b\u00b2 2.0, l m\u207b\u00b2 0.5 liters per square meter and by 84% with a con- tamination level of 2.0 liters per square meter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6016", "words": "3441", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Wiander, Britta; Palva, Airi", "title": "Sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice fermented spontaneously using mineral salt, garlic and algae", "date": "2011", "keywords": "fermentation; mineral; mineral salt; salt; sauerkraut", "summary": "AFS 2 (2011): 169-175, vol. 20 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Wiander, B. and Palva, A. Impact of mineral salt, garlic and algae on sauerkraut fermentation Vol. 20(2011): 169\u2013175. A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Wiander, B. and Palva, A. Impact of mineral salt, garlic and algae on sauerkraut fermentation Vol. 20(2011): 169\u2013175.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6017", "words": "3841", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Wiander, Britta; Korhonen, Hannu J.T.", "title": "Preliminary studies on using LAB strains isolated from spontaneous sauerkraut fermentation in combination with mineral salt, herbs and spices in sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice fermentations", "date": "2011", "keywords": "acid; cabbage; fermentation; lactic; mineral; salt; sauerkraut", "summary": "Selection and characterization of mixed starter cultures for lactic acid fermentation of carrot, cabbage, beet and onion vegetable mixtures. Nr. 4 can be used in sauerkraut fermentations with good results.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6018", "words": "6275", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Chen, Lin; Kivel\u00e4, Jukka; Helenius, Juha; Kangas, Arjo", "title": "Meat bone meal as fertiliser for barley and oat", "date": "2011", "keywords": "barley; fertilisation; fertiliser; mbm; oat; yield", "summary": "Salomonsson et al. (1994, 1995) studied the impact of MBM fertiliser on the grain protein content in spring and winter wheat and found N availability in MBM to be similar to that in urea. Therefore MBM fertilisation should be fitted for crop rotation and for meeting environmental requirements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6019", "words": "11090", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto", "title": "Effects of barley grain compared to commercial concentrate or rapeseed meal supplementation on performance of growing dairy bulls offered grass silage-based diet", "date": "2011", "keywords": "bulls; c e; c u; concentrate; n c", "summary": "191PB \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2010 Effects of barley grain compared to commercial concentrate or rapeseed meal supplementation on performance of growing dairy bulls offered grass silage-based diet Arto Huuskonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-92400 Ruukki, Finland e-mail: arto.huuskonen@mtt.fi The objectives of the study with dairy bulls offered grass silage-based diet were to determine the effects on animal performance of (1) concentrate type (barley vs. commercial concentrate) and (2) supplementation of rapeseed meal (RSM) in barley-based concentrate, with data being compared from preweaning to slaughter. Effects of concentrate type on apparent diet digestibility of growing dairy bulls.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6020", "words": "8627", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Martinez, Olaia; Salmer\u00f3n, Jes\u00fas; Guill\u00e9n, Mar\u00eda D.; Casas, Carmen", "title": "Characteristics of dry- and brine-salted salmon later treated with liquid smoke flavouring", "date": "2011", "keywords": "2004; atlantic; brine; c e; chemistry; cold; et al; fish; food; journal; liquid; martinez; quality; salar; salmon; salting; science; smoke; smoking", "summary": "Spoilage organisms can act as a barrier to the entry of pos- sible pathogenic species (Gim\u00e9nez and Dalgaard 2004, Tome et al. 2006), and strains of Carnobac- terium are being studied for their possible use as bioprotectors against Listeria monocytogenes in smoked salmon (Connil et al. 2002, Brillet 2004, Nilsson et al. 2004, Brillet et al. 2005). The optimisation of the individual operations involved in the processing of smoked salmon, i.e., salting, drying and smoking, is important in the economic success of this sector which has small profit margins (Birkeland et al. 2004).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6021", "words": "6990", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kanerva, P\u00e4ivi; Sontag-Strohm, Tuula; Brinck, Outi; Salovaara, Hannu", "title": "Improved extraction of prolamins for gluten detection in processed foods", "date": "2011", "keywords": "antibody; barley; extraction; gluten; prolamins; propanol; proteins; rye; samples; wheat", "summary": "These gluten methods are able to detect very low levels of prolamin proteins, and new limits for acceptable gluten contents in gluten-free products have been set by the European Union (Commission regulation (EC) No 41/2009). Prolamin proteins are \u2013 by one definition \u2013 aqueous-alcohol soluble; however, some of them form alcohol-insoluble structures (Shewry and Halford 2002).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6022", "words": "4170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Rajala, Ari; Niskanen, Markku; Isolahti, Mika; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo", "title": "Seed quality effects on seedling emergence, plant stand establishment and grain yield in two-row barley", "date": "2011", "keywords": "fss>2.7; grain; seed; yield", "summary": "Seed lot effect on grain yield (kg ha-1), protein concentration (%), hecto liter weight (HLW, kg) and single grain weight (SGW, mg). Seed lots of CCS and FSS>2.7 mm + dis enhanced seedling emergence rate and increased the number of plants compared with other treatments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6023", "words": "11842", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Salonen, Jukka; Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho; Jalli, Heikki", "title": "Composition of weed flora in spring cereals in Finland - a fourth survey", "date": "2011", "keywords": "cereals; fields; finland; n c; number; species; spring; weed", "summary": "The diversity of weed species was described by species richness. Frequencies (%) of weed species by regions Year / Region Species / Taxon 2007 2008 2009 Average 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2007\u201309 Achillea millefolium L 0 8 0 0 9 20 9 0 2 2 2 8 17 4 8 0 5 Alopecurus geniculatus L. 5 0 0 0 3 5 6 12 2 0 8 7 4 4 8 10 4 Artemisia vulgaris L. 0 10 0 3 0 20 0 0 0 21 0 14 17 4 8 0 6 Brassica rapa L. ssp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6024", "words": "14772", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Pietola, Ky\u00f6sti; Myyr\u00e4, Sami; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo", "title": "Predicting the yield of spring wheat by weather indices in Finland: implications for designing weather index insurances", "date": "2011", "keywords": "c e; c u; e n; gdd; l t; n c; n d; rainfall; t t; weather; yield; yield effect", "summary": "This way we allow for asymmetry in marginal yield effects with respect to the values of 37 the weather measures. This way we allow for asymmetry in marginal yield effects with respect to the values of 37 the weather measures.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6025", "words": "5922", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Hossein-Zadeh, Navid Ghavi", "title": "Estimation of genetic parameters and genetic change for stillbirth in Iranian Holstein cows: a comparison between linear and threshold models", "date": "2011", "keywords": "animal; estimates; linear; models; parity; stillbirth; threshold", "summary": "An observational analysis of twin births, calf stillbirth, calf sex ratio, and abortion in Iranian Holsteins. There was a slightly increasing genetic trend for stillbirth rate in parities 1 and 2 over time with the analysis of linear animal and linear sire models.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6026", "words": "3714", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Turner, T. D.; McNiven, M.A.", "title": "In vitro N degradability and N digestibility of raw, roasted or extruded canola, linseed and soybean", "date": "2011", "keywords": "canola; degradability; digestibility; heat; linseed; oilseeds; soybean", "summary": "The high N digestibility and lower acid detergent insoluble N values of heat treated oilseeds indicated no indigestible complexes were formed. In vitro degradability of heat treated oilseeds 301300 used for determining N digestibility were incubated at 39 \u00b0C for 1 h in pepsin solution (P-7000 solu- tion; 2 mg/ml in 0.1 N HCl, Sigma-Aldrich Ltd., Canada), rinsed and then incubated at 39 \u00b0C for 24 h in pancreatin solution (P-7545, Sigma-Aldrich Ltd., Canada).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6027", "words": "6540", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Lisiewska, Zofia; G\u0119bczy\u0144ski, Piotr; S\u0142upski, Jacek; Kur, Katarzyna", "title": "Effect of processing and cooking on total and soluble oxalate content in frozen root vegetables prepared for consumption", "date": "2011", "keywords": "calcium; consumption; content; cooking; food; oxalates; total; vegetables", "summary": "A further aim was to evaluate oxalate content in vegetables prepared for consumption from frozen products directly after freezing and after 12-month storage at \u221220 oC. Materials and methods Materials The investigated material consisted of four root species: beetroot \u2013 Beta vulgaris L. (Czerwona Kula cv.); carrot \u2013 Daucus carota L. (Koral cv.); celeriac \u2013 Apium graveolens L. (Dukat cv.) and parsnip \u2013 Pastinaca sativa L. (Fagot cv.). The level of dry matter was determined by the method given in AOAC (1990) to allow the calculation of oxalate content per 100 g dry matter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6028", "words": "7039", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Suproniene, Skaidre; Mankeviciene, Audrone; Kadziene, Grazina; Feiziene, Dalia; Feiza, Virginijus; Semaskiene, Roma; Dabkevicius, Zenonas", "title": "The effect of different tillage-fertilization practices on the mycoflora of wheat grains", "date": "2011", "keywords": "et al; fungi; fusarium; grain; species; spring; tillage; wheat; wheat grain; winter", "summary": "Pyr- enophora, Nigrospora, Trichoderma and Ulocla- dium were identified only on spring wheat grains. The fungal contamination of spring wheat grain as influenced by different tillage- fertilization treatments, 2006\u22122008.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6029", "words": "7693", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Mekky, Hattem; Mohamed, Maged; Lazarus, Colin; Power, J. Brian; Davey, Michael R.", "title": "Biosynthesis of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the leafy vegetable chicory", "date": "2011", "keywords": "acid; c e; c u; chicory; et al; fatty; genes; n c; plants", "summary": "Fatty acids were extracted from a non-transformed plant (A), and transgenic plants express- ing the \u03949 gene (B), a transgenic plant with the \u03949 + \u03948 genes (C), and the \u03949 + \u03948, plus \u03945 genes (D). Table 3 and Figure 6 show the concentrations of prostaglandins in transformed plants of the cv.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-60293", "words": "6012", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "S\u00e4rkk\u00e4, Liisa Elina; Jokinen, Kari; Ottosen, Carl-Otto; Kaukoranta, Timo", "title": "Effects of HPS and LED lighting on cucumber leaf photosynthesis, light quality penetration and temperature in the canopy, plant morphology and yield", "date": "2017", "keywords": "cucumber; efficiency; fruit; hps; interlight; leaf; leaves; light; lighting; red; treatments; yield", "summary": "Light production efficien- cy is better in LED than for HPS lights (\u00b5mol PAR J-1 electricity) and their efficiency is increasing in contrast to HPS units (Ouzonis et al. 2015c, Pattison et al. 2016). Heat output relative to light output is higher in HPS than in LED lights and while HPS lights strongly radiate heat downward, most LED armatures lose convective heat upwards even though the light is focused on the plants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6030", "words": "3904", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Salonen, Jukka; Laitinen, Pauliina; Saastamoinen, Marketta; Salopelto, Juha", "title": "The main weed species and their control in oilseed crops in Finland", "date": "2011", "keywords": "fields; oilseed; weed", "summary": "However, the yield levels in weed survey fields, 1 550 \u2013 1 850 kg ha-1, were clearly lower than the above-mentioned potential average yield. However, the results from oilseed crop fields are applicable for comparison of the weed species producing the highest biomass, for example in spring cereals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-60413", "words": "6404", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju", "title": "A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls", "date": "2017", "keywords": "bulls; carcass; cut; feeding; grass; gs3; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage", "summary": "Key words: beef production, bulls, carcass characteristics, feed intake, grass silage, growth Introduction Grass silage is the basic component of diets for growing cattle in Northern Europe. The nutritive value of grass silage depends of the stage of growth at harvesting and the changes in the chemical composition during ensiling (Huhtanen et al. 2007).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-60443", "words": "7762", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Keskinen, Riikka; Saastamoinen, Markku; Nikama, Johanna; S\u00e4rkij\u00e4rvi, Susanna; Myllym\u00e4ki, Marianna; Salo, Tapio; Uusi-K\u00e4mpp\u00e4, Jaana", "title": "Recycling nutrients from horse manure: effects of bedding type and its compostability", "date": "2017", "keywords": "bedding; composting; concentrations; et al; horse; manure; peat; shavings; soil; straw; total; water; wood", "summary": "Statistical analyses An analysis of variance was conducted to test for differences in the N, P and K concentrations and leaching loss- es of N and P under rain simulation between the peat, wood shavings and pelleted straw manures. In the fresh manures, the total N concentration was equal between peat and pelleted straw manure and some- what lower in the wood shavings manure (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-60516", "words": "8166", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "\u0141ozicki, Andrzej; Olech, Wanda; Dymnicka, Maria; Florowski, Tomasz; Adamczak, Lech; Arkuszewska, Ewa; Niemiec, Tomasz", "title": "Nutritive value and meat quality of domestic cattle (Bos taurus), zubron (Bos taurus \u00d7 Bison bonasus) and European bison (Bison bonasus) meat", "date": "2017", "keywords": "acids; beef; bison; bison meat; cattle; composition; content; differences; et al; european bison; fatty; meat; science; value; zubron; zubron meat", "summary": "The shear force of meat was highest for European bison meat and lowest for beef. Key words: beef, zubron meat, European bison meat, nutritive value, meat quality Introduction The development of the European bison (Bison bonasus) population in Europe enables them to be used for semen and crossed with dairy or beef cattle (Bos taurus).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6082", "words": "5310", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Grajales-Lagunes, Alicia; Rivera-Bautista, Cecilia; Ruiz-Cabrera, Miguel; Gonzalez-Garcia, Raul; Ramirez-Telles, Jorge; Abud-Archila, Miguel", "title": "Effect of lactic acid on the meat quality properties and the taste of pork Serratus ventralis muscle", "date": "2012", "keywords": "acid; color; loss; meat; samples; taste; treatment; weight", "summary": "Therefore, lactic acid treatment may be an alternative to extend pork shelf life. Lactic acid treatments were done based on randomized factorial design of two factors (Lactic acid concentration and immersion time) with two levels, 1 and 3% (v v-1), and 1 and 3 minutes, respectively and 3 central points (2% and 2 minutes), one replicate for each experimental condition was used.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6105", "words": "8532", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Tasa, Tea; Starast, Marge; Vool, Ele; Moor, Ulvi; Karp, Kadri", "title": "Influence of soil type on half-highbush blueberry productivity", "date": "2012", "keywords": "aino; blueberry; cultivar; highbush; mineral; mineral soil; northblue; p<0.05; peat; peat soil; plants; soil; soil type; type", "summary": "In peat soil cultivar \u2018Arne\u2019 plants were again the highest as opposed to cultivar \u2018Northblue\u2019 which had the lowest plants. In peat soil cultivar \u2018Arne\u2019 had the lowest number of shoots compared to \u2018Northblue\u2019 and \u2018Alvar\u2019.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-61076", "words": "6423", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Kontturi, Markku; Laine, Antti; Niskanen, Markku; Hurme, Timo; Jauhiainen, Lauri", "title": "Characterizing an outperforming pea cultivar for intercropping with oat at high latitudes", "date": "2017", "keywords": "agricultural; cultivar; hulda; intercrops; leryield; oat; pea; peltonen; perttu; sainio; yield", "summary": "Grain yield of intercropped pea cultivar Karita associated negatively with LERyield (Fig. 4). The higher the GNO per square meter for intercropped pea cultivars Hulda and Karita, while again the lower the GNO for oat intercropped with Hulda pea, the lower was the LERyield (Fig. 5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6249", "words": "8514", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Rastas, Marika; Latvala, Satu; Hannukkala, Asko", "title": "Occurrence of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Finnish turnip rape and oilseed rape fields", "date": "2012", "keywords": "brassicae; c e; clubroot; disease; effect; field; n c; oilseed; plants; soil; symptoms", "summary": "The growth substrate was a mixture of field soil (50% weight) and sterile sand (50% weight). Field soil, sand and fertilizer were carefully mixed in a concrete-mixer.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-63053", "words": "7124", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Manni, Katariina; Rinne, Marketta; Joki-Tokola, Erkki; Huuskonen, Arto", "title": "Effects of different restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered grass silage and barley based diets", "date": "2017", "keywords": "bulls; carcass; et al; experiment; feeding; growing; growth; intake; period; science; silage", "summary": "Similarly, in the present experiment carcass fatness increased numerically with increasing growth rate. The actual restric- tion of silage intake was more severe than targeted in R, I and D.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-63132", "words": "5588", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "J\u00f5udu, Ivi; Henno, Merike; Kaart, Tanel; Veskioja, Andre; Ots, Meelis", "title": "Changes in rheological properties of Edam-type cheese during ripening", "date": "2017", "keywords": "cheese; fat; milk; moisture; properties; protein; ripening; week", "summary": "Results and discussion Cheese composition and dynamics of pH during processing The compositions of cheeses made with DVS and BS (Table 1) were typical for Edam cheese, whereas the mois- ture content was lower for BS cheeses as was expected from the different dynamics of the pH during processing (Table 2). The objectives of this research were to define the linear viscoelastic rheological properties of large scale production Edam-type cheese, to characterize the effect of ripening (from three days to 10 weeks) and to determine the effect of the type of starters, cheese com- position and cheese milk on the rheological properties of Edam-type cheese.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-63156", "words": "8786", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "R\u00f3\u017cy\u0142o, Krzysztof; \u015awieca, Micha\u0142; Gawlik-Dziki, Urszula; Kwieci\u0144ska-Poppe, Ewa; Andruszczak, Sylwia; Kraska, Piotr", "title": "Phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain after three years\u2019 fertilization with biogas digestate and mineral waste", "date": "2017", "keywords": "antioxidant; content; et al; fertilization; grain; ha-1; ms+bd; npk; soil; total; waste; wheat; yield", "summary": "In the third year, the fertilization with MS+BD resulted in a non-significant decrease in wheat grain yield compared to NPK. Due to the required homogenization time of waste with soil, the soil samples for the measurement of heavy metal content were collected in spring (2014 and 2016)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6321", "words": "8598", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho; Luoto, Miska; Uotila, Pertti", "title": "Assessment of weed establishment risk in a changing European climate", "date": "2012", "keywords": "change; climate; distribution; et al; land; models; species; use; weed", "summary": "Previous analyses of the potential effect of land use on species distribution models have indicated that land use information often significantly improves the explanatory power of models at local and regional scales (e.g. Stefa- nescu et al. 2004, Venier et al. 2004). For the present study we selected 25 weed species, rep- resenting species with southern and central European distribution patterns and different statuses as weeds, to assess weed species distribution by climate envelope modelling at European scale.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-63275", "words": "8247", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Rajaniemi, Mari; Jokiniemi, Tapani; Alakukku, Laura; Ahokas, Jukka", "title": "Electric energy consumption of milking process on some Finnish dairy farms", "date": "2017", "keywords": "cooling; energy; energy consumption; farm; heat; heating; milk; milk cooling; milking; process; system; temperature; water", "summary": "Therefore the relative share of energy consumption in milk cooling increases with respect to water heating when the amount of milk produced increases (Peebles et al. 1994). Energy consumption of feeding, as well as the form of energy used (diesel or electricity), varies greatly between farms due to the large number of different available technologies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6334", "words": "17686", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Niemi, Jarkko K.", "title": "Protein crop production at the northern margin of farming: to boost or not to boost", "date": "2012", "keywords": "bean; c e; change; climate; conditions; crop; crop production; cultivation; e n; et al; european; faba; finland; food; n d; niemi; pea; peltonen; production; protein; protein crops; rapeseed; sainio; sainio et; use; yield", "summary": "It is justified to re-enquire whether the extent and inten- sity of protein crop production are optimized, resources are used efficiently and sustainably, cropping systems are built to be resilient and whether ecological services that protein crops provide are utilized appropriately. There is an evident potential to expand protein crop production sustainably to a couple of times its current area.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-63668", "words": "5784", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Piikki, Kristin; Stenberg, Bo", "title": "A modified delta yield approach for estimation of economic optimal nitrogen rate (EONR) for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare\u00a0L.)", "date": "2017", "keywords": "barley; data; eonr; fertilisation; ha-1; models; prediction; rate; trials; wheat; yield", "summary": "For reference, the range of reported errors in earlier studies was added to the plot; e.g. \u00d8vergaard et al. (2013) reported a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1560 kg ha-1 for wheat yield predictions based on hyperspectral measurements in field trials in Norway, while Engstr\u00f6m and Piikki (2016) reported an MAE of 1100\u20131600 kg ha-1 for predictions based on a handheld hyperspectral sensor in Sweden. Moreover, \u2206Y experiments can potentially be used for in-season EONR estimation, in which case the accuracy of the EONR predictions depends also on the uncertainty in yield predictions made at the time of supplementary fertilisation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-63739", "words": "6845", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Dahlin, A Sigrun; Stenberg, Maria", "title": "Effect of wood ash and crushed rock soil amendments on red clover growth and dinitrogen fixation", "date": "2017", "keywords": "ash; clover; concentrations; control; cut; fixation; grass; kg-1; m-2; nutrient; plant; rock; soil; wood", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE A.S. Dahlin & M. Stenberg (2017) 26: 188\u2013197 188 Effect of wood ash and crushed rock soil amendments on red clover growth and dinitrogen fixation A. Sigrun Dahlin1 and Maria Stenberg2 1Soil and Environment, SLU, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden 2Soil and Environment, SLU, P.O. Box 234, SE-532 23 Skara, Sweden e-mail: Sigrun.Dahlin@slu.se The fertiliser effect of adding wood ash or crushed rock to a low-fertility soil, compared with an unamended control, was assessed in a pot experiment with a perennial ryegrass-red clover mixture. Effect of wood ash and crushed rock soil amendments on redclover growth and dinitrogen fixation Introduction Materials and methods Results Soil characteristics Plant growth Plant N concentrations and N fixation Plant element concentrations and offtakes Relations of plant DW and N2 fixation with soil and plant variables Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6387", "words": "5348", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Sabir, Ferhan K.", "title": "Postharvest quality response of broccoli florets to combined application of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging", "date": "2012", "keywords": "acid; broccoli; control; florets; loss; map; mcp; postharvest; quality; storage; total", "summary": "A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E F.K. Sabir (2012) 21: 421\u2013429 421 Postharvest quality response of broccoli florets to combined application of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging Ferhan K. Sabir University of Selcuk, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 42075, Konya, Turkey e-mail: fkbasmaci@selcuk.edu.tr Broccoli is rich in health-promoting compounds such as ascorbic acid and glucosinolates. 1-MCP plus MAP application better performed in maintaining the quality of broccoli florets during 28-day-storage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6389", "words": "6494", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Ylivainio, Kari; Peltovuori, Tommi", "title": "Phosphorus acquisition by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at suboptimal soil temperature", "date": "2012", "keywords": "33p; barley; fertilization; growth; plant; soil; temperature", "summary": "Growth was, how- ever, restored to the level of +P soil with fresh P fertilization; nevertheless, the L-value remained less than half of that found in the +P soil. Thus, the L-value may have been overestimated, because the increase in the L-value equaled the amount of added fertilizer P (49 mg l-1 vs. 50 mg l-1, Table 3), which suggested that 33P may not have reached equilibrium with soil P at the low soil temperature.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-64207", "words": "5270", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Nogalska, Anna; Krzebietke, S\u0142awomir J\u00f3zef; Zalewska, Marta; Nogalski, Zenon", "title": "The effect of meat and bone meal (MBM) on the nitrogen and phosphorus content and pH of soil", "date": "2017", "keywords": "doses; mbm; mineral; soil; year", "summary": "The soil pH decreased with increasing MBM doses. The effect of increasing MBM doses: 0 (no fertilization), 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 Mg ha-1 year-1 (Table 1) was compared with that of NPK fertilizers applied in the control treatment (recommended mineral fertilizer rates for the tested crop species).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6423", "words": "4119", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Nogalska, Anna; Czapla, Jerzy; Nogalski, Zenon; Skwierawska, Malgorzata; Kaszuba, Monika", "title": "The effect of increasing doses of meat and bone meal (MBM) on maize (Zea mays L.) grown for grain", "date": "2012", "keywords": "grain; ha-1; maize; mbm; nitrogen", "summary": "TGW (g) Mean for treatment (g)2010 2011 2010 2011 Control NPK 7.12 5.16 6.14a 265.2 254.5 259.8ab 1.0 t MBM+K 6.25 4.79 5.52b 253.4 253.9 253.7a 1.5 t MBM+K 7.03 5.92 6.48a 263.9 257.8 260.9ab 2.0 t MBM+K 7.55 5.53 6.54a 268.9 258.3 263.6bc 2.5 t MBM+K 7.31 7.54 7.43c 273.4 267.9 270.6c Mean for years 7.05a 5.79b \u2013 265.0a 258.5b \u2013 Over a two-year experimental period, correlations were observed between an increase in MBM doses and an in- crease in maize grain yield and 1000-grain weight, but only the lowest MBM dose decreased grain yield, in com- parison with the control treatment. Increasing MBM doses contributed to an in- crease in maize grain yield and 1000-grain weight.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6428", "words": "3599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "B\u00e5th, Klara; Persson, Karin Neil; Schn\u00fcrer, Johan; Leong, Su-Iin L.", "title": "Microbiota of an unpasteurised cellar-stored goat cheese from northern Sweden", "date": "2012", "keywords": "cellar; cheese; lab; penicillium; rind; species", "summary": "Two novel species were isolated from the inside of cheeses: the arctic yeast, C. statzelliae, has not previously been isolated from cheese, and may have been acquired environ- mentally; likewise, D. nepalensis, which is soil-borne, and a halotolerant spoilage agent (Kumar et al. 2008). Mycotoxins previously detected in cheeses include sterigmatocystin (most common mycotoxin in cheese, produced by Aspergillus versicolor), aflatoxins (Aspergillus flavus / Aspergillus parasiticus), ochratoxin A (Penicillium nordicum), patulin (P. griseofulvum), cyclopiazonic acid (P. camemberti, P. palitans, P. griseofulvum), roquefortine and mycophenolic acid (P. roqueforti)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-64417", "words": "6989", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Ramin, Mohammad; H\u00f6jer, Annika; Hetta, M\u00e5rten", "title": "The effects of legume seeds on the lactation performance of dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets", "date": "2017", "keywords": "cows; dairy; diet; et al; field; heat; milk; production; protein; rapeseed; science", "summary": "This is in contrast to the study of Faldet and Satter (1991) in which reported a depression in milk protein for cows consuming the heated soybean diet compared to the soybean meal diet. The effect of dietary treatments on feed intake and nutrient consumption (kg d-1) of dairy cows Item Ration Contrasts (p) CON RSE PEA UFB TFBH TFBL SEM C vs. O R vs. O UFB vs. PEA UFB vs. TFBL UFB vs. TFBH Total DMI 18.2 19.0 19.0 18.7 18.7 18.6 0.37 0.13 0.33 0.58 0.80 0.98 Silage DMI 10.2 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.5 0.25 0.04 0.37 0.93 0.40 0.50 CP 2.90 3.55 3.44 3.35 3.32 3.15 0.072 <0.01 <0.01 0.33 0.04 0.79 NDF 7.11 7.66 6.94 7.23 7.23 7.26 0.154 0.31 <0.01 0.17 0.90 0.99 iNDF 0.980 1.148 0.828 0.835 0.887 0.953 0.0242 0.13 <0.01 0.21 0.03 0.70 OM 17.0 17.6 17.5 17.3 17.3 17.2 0.34 0.15 0.44 0.53 0.84 0.98 AAT 1.66 1.85 1.78 1.75 1.75 1.71 0.035 <0.01 <0.01 0.51 0.40 0.96 ME, MJ d-1 219 224 231 223 223 222 4.50 0.18 0.98 0.17 0.87 0.97 DMI = dry matter intake; CON = control; RSE = rapeseed expeller; UFB = field bean untreated; TFBH = field bean heat treated high level; TFBL = field bean heat treated low level; SEM = standard error of mean; C vs. O = CON vs. other diets; R vs. O = RSE vs. other diets excluding CON; CP = crude protein; NDF = neutral detergent fibre; iNDF = indigestible NDF; OM = organic matter; AAT = amino acids absorbed in the intestine or metabolizable protein, tabulated values calculated using feed tables (Tuori et al. 1996, Luke 2017); ME = metabolizable energy ECM = energy corrected milk calculated according to Sjaunja (1990); FE = feed efficiency (kg ECM) / (kg DMI); MNE = milk nitrogen efficiency (milk protein yield / 6.38) / (protein intake / 6.25); CON = control; RSE = rapeseed expeller; UFB = field bean untreated; TFBH = field bean heat treated high level; TFBL = field bean heat treated low level; SEM = standard error of mean; C vs. O = CON vs. other diets; R vs. O = RSE vs. other diets excluding CON Table 4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-64945", "words": "11812", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Alho, Eeva", "title": "Assessing the willingness of non-members to invest in new financial products in agricultural producer cooperatives: A choice experiment", "date": "2017", "keywords": "attributes; capital; choice; class; cooperative; economics; experiment; food; instruments; investment; investors; journal; latent; model; new; preferences; respondents; return; risk", "summary": "Preferences elicited in choice experiment studies are conditional on the design of the choice tasks. While caution is needed in the generalization of stated preferences derived from choice experiment studies to eventual outcomes, the hypothetical cooperative investment instruments presented in this study were not rejected outright in our sample of informed investors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6510", "words": "8314", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Uusi-K\u00e4mpp\u00e4, Jaana; N\u00e4rv\u00e4nen, Aaro; Kaseva, Janne; Jansson, H\u00e5kan", "title": "Phosphorus and faecal bacteria in runoff from horse paddocks and their mitigation by the addition of P-sorbing materials", "date": "2012", "keywords": "ca(oh)2; drp; fe2(so4)3; footing; ha-1; rainfall; runoff; sand; study; water; woodchips", "summary": "The samples were kept in rain (deionised water; 21 mm h-1) for 90 min and three bottles (500 ml each) of surface runoff water collected for analysis. In earlier studies, artificial wetlands and the addition of P-sorbing materials to runoff water were tested as methods for purifying paddock runoff (N\u00e4rv\u00e4nen et al. 2008, Kynk\u00e4\u00e4niemi et al. 2010).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6513", "words": "9795", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Uusitalo, Risto; Ekholm, Petri; Lehtoranta, Jouni; Klimeski, Aleksandar; Konstari, Olli; Lehtonen, Riku; Turtola, Eila", "title": "Ca\u2013Fe oxide granules as potential phosphate barrier material for critical source areas: a laboratory study of P retention and release", "date": "2012", "keywords": "feed; g-1; granules; incubation; loss; oxide; phosphate; pre; retention; solution; test; water", "summary": "Results Phosphate retention Effect of contact time on P retention by the granules in batch tests The granules showed a high P retention efficiency and rapid P retention in P solution concentrations of 1 and 10 mg l-1 (Fig. 1). It thus seems that Fe oxide\u2013rich materials may in laboratory tests yield P:Fe ratios well above the molar ratio of 0.1 (up to about 0.3 for biogenic Fe hydroxide studied by Rentz et al. 2009) when fed with P solutions, but a P:Fe value of 0.1 would probably be close to the maximum P saturation that Fe hydroxide\u2013rich materials can realistically achieve in field barriers where the material contacts water occasionally low in soluble P.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-65149", "words": "4138", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Dere\u0144, Katarzyna; Szewczyk, Antoni; Sekutowski, Tomasz Robert; Kowalska-G\u00f3ralska, Monika", "title": "The effect of the type of preparation on the deposit of copper while spraying the winter oilseed rape", "date": "2018", "keywords": "bbch; copper; deposit; fan; mpa; nozzle; plants; pressure; rape", "summary": "The statistical analysis of the results of the study showed a significant effect of the type of liquid used on the value of copper deposit on winter oilseed rape plants. The highest values of copper deposit from the preparation containing nanocollide particles were obtained for winter oilseed rape plants at the BBCH 12 development phase.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6520", "words": "6941", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Pesonen, Maiju; Honkavaara, Markku; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi", "title": "Effect of breed on production, carcass traits and meat quality of Aberdeen Angus, Limousin and Aberdeen Angus\u00d7Limousin bulls offered a grass silage-grain-based diet", "date": "2012", "keywords": "ab\u00d7li; angus; beef; breed; bulls; carcass; et al; fat; limousin; meat; quality; science", "summary": "In accordance with Cuvelier et al. (2006a), meat of Ab bulls had high- er lipid contents and lower protein content than that of Li bulls. In agreement with our findings, R\u00f8dbotten et al. (2002), Chambaz et al. (2006) and Cuvelier et al. (2006b) ob- served no effects on the shear force value between Ab and Li breeds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-65247", "words": "6678", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Liesivaara, Petri; Meuwissen, Miranda; Myyr\u00e4, Sami", "title": "Government spending under alternative yield risk management schemes in Finland", "date": "2017", "keywords": "average; cdc; cdc scheme; crop; farm; government; hectares; insurance; insurance scheme; losses; scheme", "summary": "Distribution of historical annual hectares lost (total and partial lost hectares per 1000 cultivated ha) in the CDC scheme and estimated annual hectares lost (hectares where losses exceed the 30% deductible level per 1000 cultivated ha) under the farm-based insurance scheme CDC scheme Farm-based insurance Mean (SD) Skewness Maximum value Mean (SD) Skewness Maximum value Barley 23.21 (59.07) 3.3684 240.15 71.47 (50.30) 0.6068 175.85 Oats 23.17 (54.61) 2.6436 185.66 90.21 (71.60) 1.3908 305.69 Winter wheat 33.95 (98.49) 3.2536 386.03 73.44 (58.17) 0.5346 184.39 Spring wheat 49.22 (135.96) 3.3706 545.72 86.59 (131.76) 2.0501 543.43 Rye 28.18 (69.86) 2.9747 264.20 83.42 (48.52) 0.3929 163.56 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE P. Liesivaara et al. (2017) 26: 223\u2013232 230 facing, which insurance companies have a good understanding of, the demand for crop insurances may be too low, as farmers\u2019 willingness to pay for crop insurance may be too low from point of view of insurance companies. For example, a lack of viable infrastructure (such as trained loss adjusters and product delivery systems) and sufficient data may cause major obstacles to the development of crop insurance schemes, even in developed countries (Smith and Glauber 2012).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-65392", "words": "6786", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Mattila, Tiina E. A.; Heikkinen, Juha M.; Koivisto, Anu M.; Rautiainen, Risto H.", "title": "Predictors for interest to change from conventional to organic horticultural production", "date": "2018", "keywords": "agriculture; area; et al; farmers; farming; farms; horticulture; interest; model; predictors; production; variables", "summary": "Organic horticulture production faces production and market risks, and seek- ing other income outside farming is one risk management strategy. These results suggest potential to increase organic production could be found particularly among smaller part-time enterprises actively seeking new crops and knowledge.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-65429", "words": "7623", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Gaworski, Marek; Bo\u0107kowski, Micha\u0142", "title": "Method for comparing current versus recommended housing conditions in dairy cattle production", "date": "2018", "keywords": "animal; area; barns; dairy; farms; feeding; housing; itsf; stall; systems; tie; values; welfare", "summary": "Tie stall housing systems on dairy farms. The concept of farm animal welfare is rooted in public concern for how animals are treated and today integrates the interests and concerns of differ- ent stakeholders, including producers, governments, the general public and, of course, the animals themselves.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6632", "words": "17673", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka; Jaakkola, Seija; Nousiainen, Juha", "title": "An overview of silage research in Finland: from ensiling innovation to advances in dairy cow feeding", "date": "2013", "keywords": "acid; animal; concentrate; concentration; cows; dairy; diets; digestibility; effects; et al; feed; fermentation; forage; grass; grass silage; huhtanen et; intake; jaakkola; journal; milk; ndf; omd; p. huhtanen; production; protein; science; science p.; silage", "summary": "Huhtanen et al. (2006b) reported a value of 0.963 for true NDS digestibility for different forages. Indeed, the rumen NDF pool has reduced with increased silage digestibility (Bosch et al. 1992, Rinne et al. 2002) despite increased SDMI.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-66541", "words": "8588", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Stoltz, Eva; Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte; Nadeau, Elisabet", "title": "Functional divergence effects of intercropped faba bean and maize in organic production for forage increase mineral contents and reduces leaf spots", "date": "2018", "keywords": "bean; concentrations; faba; faba bean; intercropping; maize; mineral; nutrients; yield", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Stoltz et al. (2018) 27: 110\u2013123 110 Functional divergence effects of intercropped faba bean and maize in organic production for forage increase mineral contents and reduces leaf spots Eva Stoltz1, Ann-Charlotte Wallenhammar1 and Elisabet Nadeau2, 3 1Research & Development, Rural Economy and Agricultural Society|HS Konsult AB, Box 271, 701 45 \u00d6rebro, Sweden 2Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, 53223 Skara, Sweden 3Research & Development, Rural Economy and Agricultural Society Sjuh\u00e4rad, R\u00e5dde G\u00e5rd, Box 5007, 514 05 L\u00e4nghem, Sweden e-mail: eva.stoltz@hush.se Multispecies cropping systems contribute to sustainable agriculture with multiple ecosystem services. The mineral nutrient LER of intercropped faba bean and maize together with their total LER are shown in Table 9.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-66719", "words": "7211", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Murphy, Brian; Kelly, Alan K; Prendiville, Robert", "title": "Alternative finishing strategies for Holstein-Friesian bulls slaughtered at 15 months of age", "date": "2018", "keywords": "animal; beef; bulls; carcass; concentrate; dairy; et al; fat; finishing; g kg-1; kg-1 molasses; meal; pasture; weight", "summary": "De Smet et al. (2000) demonstrated that increasing the energy density of the finishing ration for beef bulls, through beef tallow supplementation, resulted in greater carcass fat scores while Gillis et al. (2004) and Sutter et al. (2000) reported no difference in fat score for beef heifers and dairy bulls finished with or without RPF supplementation, respectively. Results from the present study showed that carcass fat score and perinephric and retroperitoneal fat were similar for T1 and T2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6673", "words": "8991", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Dewhurst, Richard", "title": "Milk production from silage: comparison of grass, legume and maize silages and their mixtures", "date": "2013", "keywords": "clover; clover silage; dairy; dewhurst; effect; et al; grass; grass silage; intake; maize; milk; production; red; red clover; rumen; science; silage", "summary": "Steinshamn and Thuen (2008) recorded milk yields of 22 kg day-1 when they offered diets based on grass silage with either white clover silage (0.28 of DM) or red clover silage (0.42 of DM) as sole-feed to cows in early lacta- tion (average 74 days in milk). Whilst Vanhatalo et al. (2009) confirmed the increased rumen ammonia-N when feeding red clover silage (in comparison with grass silage), they also observed higher VFA concentrations and a higher molar proportion of acetic acid.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6698", "words": "6250", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Jatkauskas, Jonas; Vrotniakiene, Vilma; Ohlsson, Christer; Lund, Bente", "title": "The effects of three silage inoculants on aerobic stability in grass, clover-grass, lucerne and maize silages", "date": "2013", "keywords": "acid; kg-1; lactic; ryegrass; silage; stability", "summary": "Silage fermentation and aerobic stability Chemical composition, microbial parameters and aerobic stability of the untreated and treated with TA, TB, and TC additives grass and clover-grass silages are presented in Table 3. In the studies in which L.buchneri was used as an in- oculant for silage fermentation, an anaerobic degradation of moderate amounts of lactic acid to acetic acid un- der anaerobic conditions was observed (Driehuis et al. 1999).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6699", "words": "15283", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Driehuis, Frank", "title": "Silage and the safety and quality of dairy foods: a review", "date": "2013", "keywords": "acid; bacillus; bacteria; coli; concentrations; contamination; dairy; don; driehuis; driehuis et; et al; food; grass; growth; journal; maize; maize silage; milk; monocytogenes; mycotoxins; products; science; silage; species; spores", "summary": "The average concentration of butyric acid bacteria spores in maize silage were approximately 0.5 log10 unit lower than in grass silage and maize silages, with a high level of butyric acid bacteria spores almost absent: none of 197 tested maize silages ex- ceeded 105 spores g-1 and only 0.5% exceeded 104 spores g-1 (Table 2). Furthermore, surveys in Europe and United States of America have shown a high inci- dence of DON in maize silages (see next section) and the average and range of DON concentrations are similar in maize silage and unfermented maize products used as feed ingredient (D\u00e4nicke et al. 2000).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6700", "words": "2558", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Latsch, Roy; Sauter, Joachim", "title": "Comparison of methods for determining the density of grass silage", "date": "2013", "keywords": "block; cylinder; density; drilling; silage; silo", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE R. Latsch & J. Sauter (2013) 22: 189\u2013193 189 Comparison of methods for determining the density of grass silage Roy Latsch1 and Joachim Sauter1 1Agroscope Reckenholz-T\u00e4nikon Research Station ART, T\u00e4nikon 1, 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland e-mail: roy.latsch@art.admin.ch In practice the only way to determine the bulk density of grass silage is to measure and weigh silage blocks. Silage blocks cut by a tractor-mounted block cut- ter are used to determine compaction as they are easy to extract, weigh and measure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6702", "words": "11660", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Misselbrook, Tom; Del Prado, Agustin; Chadwick, David", "title": "Opportunities for reducing environmental emissions from forage-based dairy farms", "date": "2013", "keywords": "ammonia; animal; application; dairy; emissions; environmental; et al; farm; fertiliser; grass; grazing; journal; livestock; losses; management; manure; misselbrook; mitigation; n2o; nh3; potential; production; science; slurry; soil; use; water", "summary": "For medium and extensive systems, enteric CH4 was reduced through a higher starch to fibre concentration in the diet (e.g. Beauchemin et al. 2008, Cottle et al. 2011), but soil N2O emissions were increased mainly caused by the replace- ment of grass with forage maize and the changes in manure application rates and timing. Wall et al. (2010) discuss the use of genetic selection tools for breeding schemes with the aims of improving productivity and efficiency and, potentially, selecting for inherently low CH4 emitting animals, although it is important that this selection is on the basis of multiple traits including feed efficiency, particularly for predominantly forage-fed animals, and yield to ensure that gains are realised as reduced emissions per unit product.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6703", "words": "15669", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Pesonen, Maiju; Honkavaara, Markku; K\u00e4m\u00e4r\u00e4inen, Helena; Tolonen, Tiina; Jaakkola, Mari; Virtanen, Vesa; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi", "title": "Effects of concentrate level and rapeseed meal supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and valuable cuts of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered grass silage-barley-based rations", "date": "2013", "keywords": "beef; bulls; carcass; concentrate; effects; et al; fatty; grass; kg-1; level; meat; proportion; rsm; science; silage; supplementation", "summary": "The three feed- ing trials comprised in total 48 purebred Hf bulls (Hf dams sired by Hf bulls) and 48 purebred Ch bulls (Ch dams sired by Ch bulls) in order that there were 32 bulls per trial. The target for average carcass weight in the experiment was 380 kg for Hf bulls and 420 kg for Ch bulls which are nowadays the average slaugh- ter weights for Hf and Ch bulls in Finland (Huuskonen et al. 2012).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6705", "words": "4771", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Orosz, Szilvia; Wilkinson, John Michael; Wigley, Simon; B\u00edr\u00f3, Zsolt; Gall\u00f3, Judit", "title": "Microbial status, aerobic stability and fermentation of maize silage sealed with an oxygen barrier film or standard polyethylene film", "date": "2013", "keywords": "acid; film; maize; oxygen; sealing; silage; silo; stability; system", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE S. Orosz et al. (2013) 22: 182\u2013188 182 Microbial status, aerobic stability and fermentation of maize silage sealed with an oxygen barrier film or standard polyethylene film Szilvia Orosz1, John M. Wilkinson2, Simon Wigley 3, Zsolt B\u00edr\u00f34 and Judit Gall\u00f34 1 Szent Istv\u00e1n University, Department of Nutrition, H-2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, POB 3, Hungary 2 School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK 3 Bruno Rimini Ltd., 309 Ballards Lane, London N12 8NP, UK 4 Szent Istv\u00e1n University, Institute of Wildlife Conservation, H-2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, POB 3, Hungary e-mail: Orosz.Szilvia@mkk.szie.hu An experiment was conducted to compare a bunker silo sealing system comprising an oxygen barrier film (OB: 45\u03bcm thickness) with protective woven polypropylene with one comprising standard black polyethylene film (S, 125\u03bcm thickness) with protective tyres. Key words: maize silage, oxygen barrier film, fermentation, moulds, aerobic stability Introduction Many factors can affect the deterioration and loss of nutrients during the conservation and feed-out of silage, in- cluding crop maturity, the use of additive, particle size, rate of silo filling, packing density, type of plastic sealing and the fermentation profile of the ensiled material (Johnson et al. 2002, Holmes and Bolsen 2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6709", "words": "7822", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Boever, Johan De; Dupon, Elien; Wambacq, Eva; Latr\u00e9, Joos", "title": "The effect of a mixture of Lactobacillus strains on silage quality and nutritive value of grass harvested at four growth stages and ensiled for two periods", "date": "2013", "keywords": "content; control; effect; ensiling; grass; growth; inoculant; ndf; silage; stage", "summary": "The quality of grass silage depends to a large extent on the growth stage of the grass at harvest, the weather conditions during field wilting and the ensiling practices. The objective of this study was to examine if the above-mentioned aims are reached by investigating the effects of the inoculant on the fermentation characteristics, the chemical composition, the in situ rumen degradability and in vitro digestibility of grass silage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6710", "words": "4371", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "McEniry, Joseph; O'Kiely, Padraig", "title": "The estimated nutritive value of three common grassland species at three primary growth harvest dates following ensiling and fractionation of press-cake", "date": "2013", "keywords": "cake; clover; ensiling; fraction; fractionation; harvest; herbage; press; red; species", "summary": "Two of the main management factors affecting herbage quality and nutritive value are herbage species and stage of maturity at harvest. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. McEniry and P. O\u2019Kiely (2013) 22: 194\u2013200 196 Results Harvest date and species (herbage pre-ensiling) On average for the herbage samples pre-ensiling, DMD decreased (p<0.01) with advancing harvest date, with herbage CP concentration being highest (p<0.001) for the early harvest date (Harvest 1, May 12) (Tables 1 and 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6711", "words": "6796", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Wambacq, Eva; Latr\u00e9, Joos Pieter; Haesaert, Geert", "title": "The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri inoculation on the aerobic stability and fermentation characteristics of alfalfa-ryegrass, red clover and maize silage", "date": "2013", "keywords": "acid; alfalfa; buchneri; clover; dosage; maize; red; ryegrass; silage", "summary": "Since L. buchneri is a slow-growing bacterial species, the pH might drop slowly in L. buchneri inoculated silage, allowing enterobacteria more time for protein breakdown, possibly resulting in elevated ammonia levels and higher ammonia nitrogen fraction (Driehuis et al. 2001). Ammonia contents were systematically higher in L. buchneri inoculated silage for all three silage types, but this was confirmed statistically only in the alfalfa-ryegrass silage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6715", "words": "3269", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Koehler, Brigitte; Diepolder, Michael; Ostertag, Johannes; Thurner, Stefan; Spiekers, Hubert", "title": "Dry matter losses of grass, lucerne and maize silages in bunker silos", "date": "2013", "keywords": "feed; grass; losses; maize; silages; silos", "summary": "According to the applied method for determining DM losses on farm scale, a guideline of 8% can be suggested for maximum DM losses in bunker silos for grass and maize silages. The method of determining DM losses was the total-in versus total-out DM mass flow of the silos, including the determination of DM content and other silage parameters via manual sampling.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6717", "words": "5079", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Muck, Richard; Weinberg, Zwi G.; Contreras-Govea, Francisco E.", "title": "Silage extracts used to study the mode of action of silage inoculants in ruminants", "date": "2013", "keywords": "ethanol; extracts; fermentation; lucerne; maize; mby; silage", "summary": "Key words: inoculant, in vitro fermentation, silage, microbial biomass yield, gas production Introduction Microbial silage inoculants are additives used to improve silage fermentation (Muck and Kung 1997). Therefore, three different crops harvested separately were inoculated with a specific strain of LP that has usually shown a positive effect on silage fermentation and animal performance (Kung et al. 2003).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6718", "words": "10337", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Muck, Richard", "title": "Recent advances in silage microbiology", "date": "2013", "keywords": "acid; bacteria; ensiling; et al; fermentation; inoculants; lactic; lactobacillus; maize; microbiology; muck; pcr; science; silage; species; strains; techniques", "summary": "Silage inoculants are widely available, but of greater interest has been research investigating why inoculants are so successful. The survival of silage inoculant lactic acid bacteria in rumen fluid.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6739", "words": "8936", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Gerlach, Katrin; Ro\u00df, Fabian; Wei\u00df, Kirsten; B\u00fcscher, Wolfgang; S\u00fcdekum, Karl-Heinz", "title": "Changes in maize silage fermentation products during aerobic deterioration and effects on dry matter intake by goats", "date": "2013", "keywords": "acid; days; deterioration; dmi; et al; exposure; intake; kg-1; matter; n.d; preference; science; silage; temperature; trials", "summary": "Factors affect- ing the intake of grass silage by cattle and prediction of silage intake. Preference when expressed as DM intake was negatively correlated to silage temperature (as difference to ambient), ethanol and ethyl lactate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-67673", "words": "8006", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Lehtonen, Heikki Sakari; Niemi, Jyrki Sakari", "title": "Effects of reducing EU agricultural support payments on production and farm income in Finland", "date": "2018", "keywords": "beef; cap; farm; finland; lehtonen; milk; model; payments; policy; prices; production; support", "summary": "Boulanger and Philippidis (2015) found very small effects on agricultural production resulting from large EU farm budget cuts (\u201350%) in the EU 28, as well as in several member states. The support should not provide primary incentives for agricultural production and necessary farm investments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-67703", "words": "6898", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Uusitalo, Risto; Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi; Kivij\u00e4rvi, Pirjo; Hurme, Timo", "title": "Yield responses to P fertilisation of onion (Allium cepa L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group L.) in Finland", "date": "2018", "keywords": "applications; cabbage; ha-1; mikkeli; onion; piikki\u00f6; responses; soil; stp; yield", "summary": "Critical soil test P concentra- tions for vegetables should be established to avoid unnecessary build-up of soil P that may be uneconomical and elevate the risk for P losses to waterways. Different STP methods may give very dissimi- lar results and correlate poorly with each other (Neyroud & Lischer 2003), especially when comparing a method that extracts a small fraction of soil P (P intensity-responsive methods, such as water-extractable P or the Finnish PAc method) to one that uses more aggressive extractants (e.g. P quantity-responsive ammonium lactate used in Norway and Sweden).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-67704", "words": "6960", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Pecoraro, Francesco; Giannini, Marta; Beccari, Giovanni; Covarelli, Lorenzo; Filippini, Gianfranco; Pisi, Annamaria; Nipoti, Paola; Prodi, Antonio", "title": "Comparative studies about fungal colonization and deoxynivalenol translocation in barley plants inoculated at the base with Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium pseudograminearum", "date": "2018", "keywords": "barley; base; culmorum; don; et al; fc820; fcr; food; fusarium; graminearum; head; plant; pseudograminearum; segment; stem; wheat", "summary": "DNA species-specific loci were amplified by primers: C51ENDF F (5\u2019-AACTGAATTGATCGCAAGC-3\u2019) and C51ENDF R (5\u2019-CCCTTCTTACGCCAATCTC-3\u2019) (Covarelli et al. 2012) for F. culmorum; Fg16N F (5\u2019-ACAGATGACAAGATTCAG- GCACA-3\u2019) and Fg16N R (5\u2019-CTTTGACATCTGTTCAACCCA-3\u2019 (Nicholson et al. 1998) for F. graminearum; Fptri3e F (5\u2019-CAAGTTTGATCCAGGGTAATCC-3\u2019) and Fptri3e R (5\u2019-GCTGTTTCTCTTAGTCTTCCTCA-3\u2019) Recently, several studies (Mudge et al. 2006, Covarelli et al. 2012, Winter et al. 2013, Moretti et al. 2014, Beccari et al. 2018) investigated the colonization process of different Fusarium species and their possible systemic movement along soft and durum wheat plants after stem base inoculation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6773", "words": "9805", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Jaakkola, Elina; Tattari, Sirkka; Ekholm, Petri; Pietola, Liisa; Posch, Maximilian; B\u00e4rlund, Ilona", "title": "Simulated effects of gypsum amendment on phosphorus losses from agricultural soils", "date": "2012", "keywords": "amendment; et al; field; flow; gypsum; icecream; losses; macropore; model; phosphorus; soil; surface; water", "summary": "Other laboratory experiments have also shown that gypsum affects < 2 \u00b5m sized aggregates, probably by decreas- ing so-called diffuse erosion (see Aura et al. 2006) that may take place when the soil is wet (e.g., when soil frost has melted and released water to the soil) and small clay particles can be transported by Brownian motion from aggregates to soil water. Soil P status (soil test P, or STP) was analysed through extraction of P with a solution of 0.5 M ammonium acetate and 0.5 M acetic acid at pH 4.65 (Vuorinen a M\u00e4kitie 1955).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-67837", "words": "8313", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Sepp\u00e4nen, Mervi M; Ebrahimi, Nashmin; Kontturi, Juha; Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4; Lopez Heras, Isabel; C\u00e1mara, Carmen; Madrid, Yolanda", "title": "Dynamics of selenium uptake and metabolism of organic selenium species in the leaves and seeds of Brassica napus L.", "date": "2018", "keywords": "accumulation; application; brassica; et al; napus; plant; selenium; semet; sevi; smt; soil; soilvi; species", "summary": "The total Se concentration in the shoots found for the SoilVI/LeafIV treatment 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 225000 250000 CP S Time/min 6 hours 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 225000 250000 CP S Time/min 7 days 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 225000 250000 CP S Time/min 14 days a) c) b) Se (VI) SeMet MeSeCys Se (VI) SeMet Se (IV) MeSeCys Se (VI) SeMet Se (IV) Fig. The recovery (R %) was calculated by ratio of the sum of Se species to the total Se obtained by the acid digestion method.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-67840", "words": "10400", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Januskaitiene, Irena; \u017daltauskait\u0117, J\u016brat\u0117; Dik\u0161aityt\u0117, Austra; Sujetovien\u0117, Gintar\u0117; Mi\u0161kelyt\u0117, Diana; Kacien\u0117, Giedr\u0117; Sakalauskien\u0117, Sandra; Miliauskien\u0117, Jurga; Juknys, Romualdas", "title": "Interspecific competition changes photosynthetic and oxidative stress response of barley and barnyard grass to elevated CO2 and temperature", "date": "2018", "keywords": "activity; barley; barley barnyard; barnyard; barnyard grass; climate; climate conditions; co2; competition; conditions; crop; et al; fig; grass; grass barley; interspecific; mix; n.s; p<0.05; plants; science; temperature", "summary": "While in the warmed climate and under competition conditions opposite re- sults were detected: a higher water use efficiency, a higher photosynthetic performance, a lower dissipated energy flux and a lower antioxidant enzymes activity were detected for barnyard grass plants. The increase in photosynthetic rate matched up the increased water use efficiency, higher photosynthetic performance and lower dissipated energy of barnyard grass plants grown under the warmed climate conditions and interspecific competition, compared to the current climate and competition effect (Figs. 2 and 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6830", "words": "6304", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kirkkala, Teija; Ventel\u00e4, Anne-Mari; Tarvainen, Marjo", "title": "Fosfilt filters in an agricultural catchment: a long-term field-scale", "date": "2012", "keywords": "concentrations; filter; fosfilt; removal; water", "summary": "The middle layer of the filter consisted of separate layers of sand and Fosfilt-s. The lowest layer of the filter was made of gravel and included perforated collection pipes, with the goal of percolating water downwards through different types of filter layers. Outflow rate (Q) and concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and nutrients in inflow and outflow of filter F1. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 28 .1 0. 19 95 11 .3 .1 99 7 24 .7 .1 99 8 6. 12 .1 99 9 19 .4 .2 00 1 1. 9. 20 02 14", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6831", "words": "8898", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ekholm, Petri; Valkama, Pasi; Jaakkola, Elina; Kiirikki, Mikko; Lahti, Kirsti; Pietola, Liisa", "title": "Gypsum amendment of soils reduces phosphorus losses in an agricultural catchment", "date": "2012", "keywords": "amendment; catchment; et al; finland; gypsum; gypsum amendment; losses; nummenp\u00e4\u00e4; particulate; runoff; so4; soil; total; turbidity", "summary": "By contrast, soil test P remained at the pre-gypsum level (mean 41 mg l\u22121). In clayey catchments discharging into the sea, gypsum may provide an efficient means to reduce P losses from field cultivation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6832", "words": "14707", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Iho, Antti; Laukkanen, Marita", "title": "Gypsum amendment as a means to reduce agricultural phosphorus loading: an economic appraisal", "date": "2012", "keywords": "amendment; drp t; field; finland; gypsum; gypsum amendment; l t; level; load; loading; phosphorus; s t; soil; stp; t t; x t", "summary": "In addition to its biophysi- cal effects, its impact on farm profits and interaction with another key phosphorus load reduction measure \u2013 the adjustment of fertilizer application and, gradually, soil phosphorus levels to crop need \u2013 should be accounted for when assessing economic feasibility. Hence, these loads can be mitigated by depleting soil phosphorus levels; the process may, however, come at the expense of crop yields and farm income and take decades if initial soil phosphorus levels are high.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6852", "words": "18505", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Keady, Tim; Hanrahan, Seamus; Marley, Christina; Scollan, Nigel David", "title": "Production and utilization of ensiled forages by beef cattle, dairy cows, pregnant ewes and finishing lambs - A review", "date": "2013", "keywords": "animal; beef; cattle; concentrate; d-1; digestibility; effects; ensiling; et al; feed; forage; grass silage; herbage; keady; keady et; kg-1; maize; performance; science; silage; t.w.j; value", "summary": "Conclusions It is concluded that evidence from Ireland and UK show that in relation to grass silage digestibility is the most im- portant factor influencing feed-value and consequently the performance of animals offered grass silage based diets. Digestibility is the most important factor influencing the feed value of grass silage and consequently animal performance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6870", "words": "1038", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Turtola, Eila; Chardon, Wim J.", "title": "Preface", "date": "2012", "keywords": "methods; water", "summary": "Field application of gypsum was further investigated for the economic aspects of its use, as compared with other P mitigation measures, by Iho and Laukkanen. The review of Klimeski et al. presents principles of dissolved P trapping from runoff with dif- ferent types of materials and methodological aspects to be considered while estimating their potential.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-68870", "words": "7046", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Alexandersson, Erik; Kein\u00e4nen, Markku; Chawade, Aakash; Himanen, Kristiina", "title": "Nordic research infrastructures for plant phenotyping", "date": "2018", "keywords": "chambers; climate; crop; data; environment; et al; facilities; field; growth; imaging; phenomics; phenotyping; plant; research; researchers; traits; university", "summary": "The recent establishment of plant facilities has opened new possibilities for collaboration between the Nordic countries but also internationally. Survey results from Nordic plant research facilities collected 2017 Name of facility PhenoDyn: Drought spotter and Planteye Frederiksberg facilities at University of Copenhagen Phenolab Taasterup at University of Copenhagen Greenhouse Taasterup, University of Copenhagen RERAF - Ris\u00f8 Environmental Risk Assessment facility Controlled Environment Facility for Plant Research The Centre for Plant Research in Controlled Climate (SKP) Climate laboratory Holt The biotron at SLU Alnarp UPSC Growth facility DEEP Plant Growth Facility Growing facilities at SLU Uppsala NaPPI small plant unit, in Viikki Plant Growth Facilities NaPPI large plant unit, in ViGoR facilities Host institution Food Science, Aarhus University PLEN, University of Copenhagen PLEN, University of Copenhagen PLEN, University of Copenhagen Inst for Env engineering, Technical University of Denmark Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) UiT The Arctic University of Norway LTV faculty, SLU Alnarp Ume\u00e5 Plant Science Centre Stockholm University NJ faculty, SLU Uppsala University of Helsinki, Finland University of Helsinki, Finland Type of facility Phenotyping and controlled environment Controlled environment in greenhouses Phenotyping and controlled environment Greenhouse with controlled climate Controlled environment Controlled environment Controlled environment, test fields Controlled environment And test fields Controlled environment Phenotyping and controlled environment Phenotyping and controlled environment Phenotyping and controlled environment Small plant phenotyping controlled environment Large plant phenotyping monitored environment Year constructed 2012-2015 1972-1984-1996 2015 2013 1993, upgraded 2003 1973 1995-2017 1978 2016 2002/2008 2015/2016 2010-2012 2016 2016 Type and number of chambers/ units, size of units 6 climate chambers, 6 full scale greenhouse cells 15 chambers 117 fixtures/ plants 12 compartments (50m2) 6 identical chambers are available (4 *6*3.1m) 16 artifical environments (10m2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-68967", "words": "6072", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Nogalska, Anna; Skwierawska, Ma\u0142gorzata; Za\u0142uszniewska, Aleksandra", "title": "Effect of meat and bone meal (MBM) and Bacillus subtilis on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and white mustard biomass", "date": "2018", "keywords": "content; mbm; mustard; rate; soil; subtilis; treatment; white", "summary": "Despite the fact that the highest white mustard yields were achieved in the above treatments, Nmin was not efficiently utilized by white mustard plants. The concentrations of both macronutrients in white mus- tard plants increased with increasing MBM rates.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-69057", "words": "5886", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Dzomba, Emir; Djikic, Mirha; Gadzo, Drena; Cengic-Dzomba, Senada; Loncaric, Zdenko; Singh, Bal Ram", "title": "Effect of different doses and application methods of sodium selenate on selenium status in maize for silage", "date": "2018", "keywords": "agricultural; application; content; et al; foliar; food; ha-1; maize; plants; selenate; selenium; selenium content; soil", "summary": "For these reasons values of selenium plant content, TSeA and RESe in Se20 treatment in 2015 were higher than in 2014 (Tables 4 and 5). Only Se20 treatment in the second year resulted in plants selenium concentrations raising above threshold.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-69096", "words": "6058", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Borawska-Jarmu\u0142owicz, Barbara", "title": "Relationships between different morphological traits of panicles and seeds of Dactylis glomerata L. varieties", "date": "2018", "keywords": "branches; dactylis; glomerata; order; panicle; seed; traits; varieties; weight; year", "summary": "Seed traits were recorded using a binocular and digitized images of seeds were analyzed applying microscopy Soft Imaging System GmbH analysis (Germany). Seed traits", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-69116", "words": "5526", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "M\u00e4e, Andres; Soov\u00e4li, Pille; P\u00f5llumaa, Lee", "title": "Ramularia collo-cygni: a new pathogen spreading in barley fields in Estonia", "date": "2018", "keywords": "barley; collo; cygni; dna; et al; havis; infection; leaves; pcr; ramularia; rcc", "summary": "In summary, the impact and role of external inoculum on distribution of RLS was shown by detecting Rcc DNA on asymptomatic leaves of winter barley plant sown from uninfected seeds. Varying amounts of Rcc DNA (500\u20130.005 pg) were spiked into a fixed amount of plant DNA (100 ng) and the mixture was used as a template in the PCR assay.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-6957", "words": "3491", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Sarria, Patricia; Martens, Siriwan D.", "title": "The voluntary intake in growing pigs of four ensiled forage species", "date": "2013", "keywords": "acid; argentea; consumption; control; diet; forage; kg-1; pigs; silage; ternatea", "summary": "The consumption of the pigs on the Control diet (890 g DM kg-1 FM) was not significantly different from those on the C. argentea and C. ternatea silage diets, which had half of the DM content. In conclusion, C. argentea and C. ternatea silages have the potential to serve as feed supplement in pig diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-69641", "words": "6025", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice, Asta; Tripolskaja, Liudmila; Volungevicius, Jonas; Baksiene, Eugenija", "title": "Impact of land use change on organic carbon sequestration in Arenosol", "date": "2019", "keywords": "accumulation; biomass; carbon; grassland; ha-1; horizon; land; sequestration; site; soc; soil; use; years", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE A. Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice et al. (2019) 28: 9\u201317 9 Impact of land use change on organic carbon sequestration in Arenosol Asta Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice1, Liudmila Tripolskaja1, Jonas Volungevicius2 and Eugenija Baksiene1 1Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Voke Branch, Lithuania 2Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Lithuania e-mail: asta.kaz@gmail.com Conversion of arable soils into other land uses can stabilize and increase accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and in addition prevent deterioration in its properties. Dynamics of soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon in Robina pseudoacacia forests.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-69772", "words": "5233", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kudinov, Andrei A.; Juga, Jarmo; M\u00e4ntysaari, Esa A.; Strand\u00e9n, Ismo; Saksa, Ekaterina I.; Smaragdov, Michael G.; Uimari, Pekka", "title": "Developing a genetic evaluation system for milk traits in Russian black and white dairy cattle", "date": "2018", "keywords": "breeding; cows; data; fat; lactation; milk; protein; records; yield", "summary": "The small observed over estimation of milk yield trend in the FLM model and no difference with fat and protein yield trends in comparison to the MLM model can be caused by model and data limitations. Repeatabili- ties were 0.34 for milk yield and 0.31 for both fat and protein yields.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-69777", "words": "4213", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Smaragdov, Michael Grigorievich; Kudinov, Andrei Andreivich; Uimari, Pekka", "title": "Assessing the genetic differentiation of Holstein cattle herds in the Leningrad region using Fst statistics", "date": "2018", "keywords": "cattle; cows; fst; herds; pairwise; sample; table; values", "summary": "Negative Fst values were reported in our study, and based on Equation 2 and a simple simulation (Table 3) we show that there is a limit value depending on proportion of shared genetics after which negative of Fst values can be expected. The pairwise Hudson\u2019s estimator of Fst values between 13 herds varied from 0.002 to 0.015, which is less than values usually obtained between dairy cattle breeds (> 0.1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-69781", "words": "5029", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Mustonen, Eeva Arja; Tuori, Mikko; Kurki, P\u00e4ivi; Isolahti, Mika; Taponen, Juhani; Vanhatalo, Aila", "title": "Variety, time of harvest and conditions during growing season have impact on red clover isoflavone content", "date": "2018", "keywords": "clover; concentrations; content; et al; food; formononetin; harvest; isoflavone; journal; milk; red; science; varieties; variety; year", "summary": "Red clover varieties differ significantly in isoflavone content, which means that genotype has an impact on isoflavone content (Kallela et al. 1988, Sivesind et al. 2005, Tsao et al. 2006, Saviranta et al. 2008, Bernes et al. 2017). Receptor binding and transactivation activities of red clover isoflavones and their metabolites.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-70030", "words": "138", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "-71", "author": "Puhakainen, Tuula", "title": "Acknowledgements", "date": "2018", "keywords": "food; science", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Puhakainen (2018) 27: 84 84 Heini Ahtiainen Bartolomeu Alvarenga Ky\u00f6sti Arovuori Han Asard Matteo Barbari Ullalena Bostr\u00f6m William Campbell Ilker Celen Adam Figiel Mariusz Florek Bente Foereid Charles Francis Christian Gazzarin Tim Guinee Helena Hansson Trond Haraldsen Jarkko Hellstr\u00f6m Arto Huuskonen Xavier Irz Sirkka Jaakkola Ivan Jauregui Anders Johansen Jukka Kivel\u00e4 Eugen Kokin Maaria Kortesniemi Poppe Krijn Timo Leino Marja Maljanen Esa Manninen Tarja Niemel\u00e4 Graham Matthews Arja Nyk\u00e4nen Edward O\u2019Riordan Antti Pasila Maiju Pesonen Astrid Poelman Cezary Purwin Antonios Rezitis Hugh Riley Marketta Rinne Bengt-Ove Rustas Beata Rutkowska Rune R\u00f8dbotten Peter Scharf Klaus Sieling Timo Sipil\u00e4inen H\u00e5vard Steinshamn J\u00f8rn S\u00f8rensen Barbro Ul\u00e9n Carlos Velasco Acknowledgements Agricultural and Food Science expresses its sincere thanks to the following referees for their constructive critical reviews of one or more manuscripts during the year 2017.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-70074", "words": "6806", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Jarasiunas, Gintaras; Corbelle-Rico, Eduardo J.; Kanianska, Radoslava", "title": "Effective natural handicap criteria application for productive and sustainable agricultural land-use management in Lithuania", "date": "2018", "keywords": "areas; criteria; drainage; et al; farm; land; lfas; lithuania; region; science; soil; texture; variables; yield", "summary": "al. (2018) 27: 206\u2013216 208 Five of the eight possible biophysical criteria for the delimitation of areas facing natural constraints included in Annex III of EC Regulation 1305/2013 have been selected by Lithuanian authorities for the definition of the non- mountainous areas with natural constraints for the new Rural Development period (Art 33.3 of the proposed regulation on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) 2014\u20132020, COM(2011) 627 final/3): temperature, soil texture, soil drainage, chemical properties (soil acidity) and terrain-slope; the three non-selected criteria being dryness, excess soil moisture, and shallow rooting depth. Land productivity in Lithuania is determined by the systematic units of soil typological groups, soil texture, condition of soil reclamation, agrochemical prop- erties (pH value, content of phosphorus and potassium), soil stoniness, soil cover diversity and agro-climatic con- ditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-70110", "words": "4522", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Epie, Kenedy E.; Santanen, Arja; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Pirjo S.A.; Stoddard, Frederick", "title": "Fertilizer and intercropped legumes as nitrogen source for Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tops for bioenergy", "date": "2018", "keywords": "artichoke; biomass; crop; energy; fertilizer; ha-1; helianthus; jerusalem; jerusalem artichoke; legumes; yield", "summary": "In both experiments, Jerusalem artichoke crop yields were highly variable between replicates as well as between treatments, in line with previous studies (Denoroy 1996). Clone precocity and the use of Helianthus tuberosus L. stems for bioethanol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-70291", "words": "6882", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Piechowiak, Tomasz; Antos, Piotr; Kosowski, Patryk; Skrobacz, Karol; J\u00f3zefczyk, Rados\u0142aw; Balawejder, Maciej", "title": "Impact of ozonation process on the microbiological and antioxidant status of raspberry (Rubus ideaeus L.) fruit during storage at room temperature", "date": "2019", "keywords": "antioxidant; content; control; fruit; hours; impact; ozonation; ozone; storage; total; vitamin", "summary": "The procedure of fruit storage in the ozone enriched atmosphere resulted in inhibition of the growth of aerobic bacteria, which is indicated by statistically \ud835\udc34\ud835\udc34\ud835\udc34\ud835\udc34 \u2219 \ud835\udc40\ud835\udc40\ud835\udc40\ud835\udc40\ud835\udc4a\ud835\udc4a\ud835\udc4a\ud835\udc4a \u2219 \ud835\udc37\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc37\ud835\udc37 \u2219 1000 \ud835\udf00\ud835\udf00\ud835\udf00\ud835\udf00 \u2219 \ud835\udc59\ud835\udc59\ud835\udc59\ud835\udc59 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Piechowiak et al. (2019) 28: 35\u201344 39 significant lower count of colony forming units on the ozonated fruit compared to control fruit during the whole period of the storage experiment (p<0.05). [hours] ozone control AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Piechowiak et al. (2019) 28: 35\u201344 42 According to the state-of-the-art, phenolic compounds degradation during fruit storage is a result of enzymatic reactions resulting from the action of oxidoreductase enzymes mainly the polyphenol oxidase.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-70408", "words": "5991", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Epie, Kenedy E; Artigas, Olga M.; Santanen, Arja; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Pirjo S.A.; Stoddard, Frederick L.", "title": "Cultivating forage maize for biomass and bioenergy in a sub-boreal climate", "date": "2018", "keywords": "ash; bioenergy; biomass; composition; content; crop; cultivars; harvest; lignin; maize; plant; production; soil; stalk; yield", "summary": "The cultivar differ- ence in whole plant biomass yield was significant only in the late harvest, perhaps indicating that the sensitivity of cultivars to loss of biomass due to late-season chilling differed. Future research to test the survivability of a wide range of maize cultivars in high latitudes should be encouraged as this study was limited to only eight cultivars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-70460", "words": "5892", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Juozapaitien\u0117, Gintar\u0117; Dik\u0161aityt\u0117, Austra; Sujetovien\u0117, Gintar\u0117; Aleinikovien\u0117, J\u016brat\u0117; Juknys, Romualdas", "title": "Aboveground and below-ground carbon allocation of summer rape under elevated CO2 and air temperature", "date": "2019", "keywords": "ambient; biomass; carbon; climate; co2; conditions; elevated; et al; etc; leaf; p<0.05; plant; soil; soil carbon; temperature", "summary": "While plant stem carbon (r=\u22120.72, p< 0.05), stem biomass (r=\u22120.7, p<0.05), leaf biomass (r=\u22120.74, p<0.05) increased, soil carbon significantly decreased. The differences are certainly critical in the eventual deposition of plant carbon into soil carbon pools and can be used to select crop varie- ties with superior carbon sequestration potential (Mathew et al. 2017).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-70780", "words": "3727", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Khazaei, Hamid; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Pirjo S.A.; Stoddard, Frederick L.", "title": "Ion beam irradiation mutagenesis in rye (Secale cereale L.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.)", "date": "2018", "keywords": "beam; bean; et al; faba; irradiation; mutation; plant; rye", "summary": "We tested ion beam irradiation with nitrogen ions at six different fluencies (5\u00d7105, 1\u00d7106, 5\u00d7106, 1\u00d7107, 5\u00d7107, and 1\u00d7108 N-ion cm-2) on dry grains. We conclude that ion beam irradiation is an effective tool for mutation breeding of diverse crop species when the ap- propriate dose is defined.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-70934", "words": "6632", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Rybarczyk, Artur; Moroch, Robert; Polasik, Daniel", "title": "The effect of DanAvl Duroc and Pulawska boars in crossbred with DanAvl Hybrid on meat quality of finishing pigs", "date": "2018", "keywords": "boars; breed; danavl; duroc; et al; fatteners; meat; pigs; pulawska; quality", "summary": "To sum up, the obtained results indicate that both DanAvl Duroc and Pulawska boars may be used for crossbreeding with DanAvl Hybrid sows when it comes to the production of high quality meat. Poorer quality of Pulawska pigs meat found in these studies may be related to the aforementioned high frequency of T-allele of RYR1 gene in this breed, which is known to be responsible for the formation of poor meat quality - PSE (pale, soft, exudative).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-70971", "words": "4859", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju", "title": "Effects of replacing different proportions of barley grain by rye grain on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls", "date": "2018", "keywords": "bulls; carcass; dairy; experiment; feed; feeding; intake; kg-1; rye; silage", "summary": "It can be concluded that rye grain is a suitable energy supplement with good quality silage for growing dairy bulls. Overall, the present experiment indicate that the addition of 150\u2013450 g kg-1 DM of rye grain to concentrate mixtures for growing and finishing dairy bulls does not influence DM intake or gain compared to barley based concentrate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71165", "words": "2695", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Vainikainen, Viljo ", "title": "Kaarlo Toivo Terho", "date": "1945", "keywords": "alkaen; der; ett\u00e4; hat; huomio; h\u00e4n; jotka; julkaisuja; kaarlo; kun; kuten; lis\u00e4ksi; maatalouskoetoiminnan; oli; olivat; ollut; ovat; perusteella; prof; sek\u00e4; sen; siis; siit\u00e4; sonnien; suomen; terho; toivo; t\u00e4m\u00e4; valtion; varsin", "summary": "Terhoa kohtaan ja kulkee turvallisin ja luottamuksellisin tuntein sit\u00e4 tiet\u00e4, jonka prof. Vaikka sanottu kosketus ja Saksan opintomatka monessa suhteessa avarsikin Terhon n\u00e4kemyst\u00e4 tutkijana, kuten h\u00e4n itse my\u00f6- hemmin monesti my\u00f6nsi, ei h\u00e4n kuitenkaan saanut sielt\u00e4 odotta- maansa tukea yksil\u00f6valinnan tehostamista ja sonnien j\u00e4lkel\u00e4isarvos- telujen tutkimusta koskeville suunnitelmilleen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71166", "words": "2830", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Vainikainen, Viljo ", "title": "On the heritability of supernumerary nipples in Finnish home-bred sheep", "date": "1945", "keywords": "experiments; nipples; supernumerary", "summary": "25- o 10x-8 20 -o -8 25 -o 8 x - 15 25 -o Bx-10 30 -o 20 > -1 25 -o 10 x-8 20 -o -X-8 25 -o Bx-15M 25- o 15x-6 25- o 20x -12 30-o10 x-15 25 -o 10 x - 15 25 -o 12 x - 3 25-o 15X-6 25-o x-12 30-o 10x-15 25-o 10x-15 25 - o 12x-10 25 -o lOx-12 31 -o 23-S 25 - o Lox-10 25 -o 13 X - 3 25 -o -1 25 -o 10 x-12 33 -o Bx-8 25 -o 2x-10 25-023x-4 25 -o -X-4 20 -o 20X-15 23 -o 20x-l 25 -o 25x-10 25-o 14X-13 25 -o 20X-14 20-O 20X-15M 23-o 20 x-125-o 20 x-725-o 14/-13 25-o 20 X - 14 M 20 -o 25X-10 25 -o 15 -4 30 -o 20 -8 25 -o 15X-3 25 - o 15 x - 20 20 -o 25x-10 25 -o l\u00e4x-4 30 -o 4x-8 25- o 12x-3 25 -o 15 x-20 M 30- o lOx-15 30- o 4X-15 30- o 15 > -7 25-o 13 -20 25 - o 15x-10 30-O 10X-15M 30-O 4-15 30-o 15 x-7 25-o 13 - 17 M 2\u00f6-o 20X-15 14 VILJO VAINIKAINEN ON THE HERITABILITY OF SUPERNUMERARY NIPPLES 15 ned further, attention was called to the fact that there was conside- rable variation in the size of the supernumerary nipples, as had been the case also in the preliminary experiments at Selkee. https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=luPRMnxeAbn--315.bXLpDO2b3QSi7T305lKKnA.AJ_cFtb_kdmsciP22iTLaDWLtmTQbgRvx4tnm9r9U9dQBRzYv9xVx6h2XHAsNMGi851qNx6n_AIkxvCdZCr1ERgaEK5DWj5IvrFJSkMZdyuTE7Jhrvucf8herdI_4sIclmW3569XaDl0KrhNeOu8DCS9mEW0OqDxn2907zTLyA 12 VILJO VAINIKAINEN sition to supernumerary nipples decidedly heritable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71167", "words": "600", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Paloheimo, Lauri ", "title": "Determination of total quantity of cell wall constituents in foods and feeds", "date": "1945", "keywords": "cell; method; wall", "summary": "Total of cell wall Cmdefibrconstituents by the Weende > the writer s ~ ~ method) meth\u00b0d ) % of dry matter Spruce wood 90.9 73.8 Birch wood 90.8 59.5 Cork 85.1 22.3 Peat litter 85.1 42.9 Rye straw 82.1 51.1 Oat straw 73.8 47.0 Oat hulls 71.0 34.1 Rye chaff 66.8 34.3 Timothy hay 62.1 32.8 Timothy grass, pasture stage 50.3 22.6 Red clover leaves 30.7 18.2 Wheat bran 21.5 9.1 Spinach 18.0 9.9 Mushrooms (Boletus bulbosus) 17.2 11.5 Cabbage, head, without stem 14.0 12.fi Carrots ' 12.8 10.0 Rutabagas (Br. napus napobrassica), peeled . . The remainder after the treating with acid consists of organic cell wall constituents together with some protein and ash.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71168", "words": "1974", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Viljelyskelpoisen maan levinneisyydest\u00e4 suomessa", "date": "1945", "keywords": "eri; ett\u00e4; land; l\u00e4\u00e4nin; maan; maata; sek\u00e4; suomen; suomessa; suota; viljelyskelpoisen", "summary": "Koska kuitenkin on ollut v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4t\u00f6nt\u00e4 saada ainakin summit- tainen selvitys viljelyskelpoisesta maasta mahdollisimman pian, on vuoden 1944 lopussa ja 1945 alussa eri kunnissa kutsuttu kuntaa tuntevia henkil\u00f6it\u00e4 neuvottelukokouksiin, joissa on koetettu luette- loida kaikki aikaisemmin tutkimuksen ulkopuolelle j\u00e4\u00e4neet kunnan alueella tavattavat viljelyskelpoiset alueet. Silloin voi tietenkin tulla muutoksia puoleen ja toiseen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71169", "words": "3649", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ", "title": "\u00dcber einige \u00f6kologische Eigenschaften von Wiesenschwingelst\u00e4mmen", "date": "1945", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; dass; den; der; des; die; hat; ist; jahren; sind; sval\u00f6f; tabelle; tammisto; und; von; war; wiesenschwingel; wiesenschwingelst\u00e4mme", "summary": "Die Abh\u00e4ngigkeit der Ertragsmenge des Wiesenschwingels von den Feuchtigkeits- verh\u00e4ltnissen des Sommeranfangs. Die untersuchten Wiesenschwingel waren der fr\u00fche und der sp\u00e4te von Sval\u00f6f (Schweden), der von Tammisto (Pflanzenz\u00fcchtungs- anstalt Tammisto der Zentralgenossenschaft Hankkija, Finnland) und Tabelle 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71170", "words": "6269", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "33", "author": "M\u00e4ki, Antti ", "title": "Rehujen jalostusarvolaskelmista", "date": "1945", "keywords": "ainoastaan; antti; der; die; edell\u00e4; eri; ett\u00e4; futtermittel; huomioon; jalostusarvo; jalostusarvolaskelman; jalostushinta; joka; jossa; karjatalouden; kohden; koko; koska; kotoisten; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; k\u00e4ytetty; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; laskea; lasketaan; lypsykarjan; maanviljelysseuran; maatalouden; muiden; mukaan; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4ki; nanneson; niiden; ole; olisi; perusteella; pidett\u00e4v\u00e4; pit\u00e4\u00e4; rakennuksen; rehuille; rehuja; rehujen; saadaan; sek\u00e4; sen; siten; sit\u00e4; suhteessa; tai; tapauksessa; tuloksia; tulosten; tuotosta; und; voidaan; werden", "summary": "48 ANTTI M\u00c4KI Jalostusarvolaskelma voidaan laatia hyvin monella eri tavalk riippuen siit\u00e4, mik\u00e4 asetetaan laskelman tarkoitukseksi, mit\u00e4 tuotto ja kustannuseri\u00e4 laskelmaan sis\u00e4llytet\u00e4\u00e4n ja miten ne k\u00e4sitell\u00e4\u00e4n Erilaisia menetelmi\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en saadaan my\u00f6s erilaiset lopputulokset joita voidaan verrata ainoastaan vastaavalla laskumenetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 saa tuihin tuloksiin ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 ainoastaan laskumenetelm\u00e4n edellytt\u00e4 miin tarkoituksiin. Tosin on jo varhain kiinnitetty huomiota eri rehujen suhteelliseen arvoon ja esitetty vaatimuksia v\u00e4kevyyden ja w.lkuaism\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n huomioon ottamiseksi jalostusarvolaskelmissa (4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71171", "words": "3166", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Juusela, Taneli ", "title": "Einige Beobachtungen \u00fcber das messen der Bodentemperatur bei Anwendung von Thermoelementen", "date": "1945", "keywords": "abweichungen; bei; bodentemperatur; das; dass; den; der; des; die; fehler; ist; kabel; mit; tabelle; temperatur; und; von; werden; wurde", "summary": "= Temperaturunterschied, 1 = Ablesung des Amperemeters und a ein Koeffizient, der die durch einen Temperatur- unterschied von einem Grad verursachte Ablesung angibt. Die Temperaturen (\u00b0C) an den verschiedenen Messpunkten der Versuchsserit mit abgeschnittenem Bleimantel und der von der W\u00e4rme\u00fcbertragung herr\u00fchrende Fehler i |Tiefe Temperatur Fehler Temperatur Fehler Temperatur Fehler Nummer i cm 2. 7. 1941 um 21 Uhr 9. 7. 1941 um 21 Uhr 30.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71172", "words": "6570", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Pihkala, K. U.", "title": "Laskelmia maanviljelyksen taloudellisista edellytyksist\u00e4 sotavuosina", "date": "1945", "keywords": "1940/41; arvioitu; arvo; ett\u00e4; hinta; kg milj; kg mk; kohden; ksi; kuin; kulutus; kuten; k\u00e4ytetty; laskettu; luku; maatalouden; milj; mukaan; mutta; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; ole; oli; otettu; pihkala; price; sek\u00e4; taloudellisista; tuotanto; vain; value; vuoden; vuonna", "summary": "Sokerijuurikkaiden tuotanto on Suomen Raakasokeritehtaan antamien tietojen mukaan ollut v. 1941/42 35 450 to, v. 1942/43 47 491 to, 1943/44 45 678 to ja v. 1944/45 46 500 to. kg ja v. 1943/44 300 milj.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71173", "words": "5074", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kananoja, Paavo", "title": "Ty\u00f6nmenekist\u00e4 lehdesten teossa sek\u00e4 lep\u00e4n ja koivun lehtien kokoomuksesta ja rehuarvosta", "date": "1945", "keywords": "aineen; bunches; ett\u00e4; fodder; haasia; haasioiden; kajanoja; kerppua; kerppujen; kohti; koivun; kokoomus; kuin; kuiva; laalahti; leaf; lehdesten; lehdet; lehdiss\u00e4; lehtien; lehti\u00e4; lepp\u00e4; lep\u00e4n; lis\u00e4ksi; min; mukaan; mustialassa; my\u00f6s; oli; olisi; ollut; ovat; paavo; sek\u00e4; taulukko; teossa; t\u00e4m\u00e4n", "summary": "Taulukossa 4 vertaillaan tehollisen ty\u00f6ajan menekki\u00e4 haasioiden ja kerppujen teossa samaa lehdesm\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 kohti. Haasioiden teossa kului ty\u00f6aikaa vastaavaa lehdesm\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 kohti n. 30 % v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n ja kerppujen latoon vienninkin huomioonottaen n. 40 % v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n kuin kerppujen .teossa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71174", "words": "2831", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ", "title": "\u00dcber das Verh\u00e4ltnis zwischen fr\u00fchreife und Ertragsf\u00e4higkeit beim Hafer", "date": "1945", "keywords": "als; auf; dass; den; der; des; die; eine; ergiebigkeit; guldregn; hafersorten; ist; mit; reifezeit; sind; und; von; zwischen", "summary": "Auf Grund der so erhaltenen Versuchsergebnisse wurde eine Korrelationstabelle aufgestellt, in der die X-Achse die Reifezeit in Intervallen von 3 Oberfl\u00e4cheneinheit auch an der Menge des Kornertrages recht merklich beteiligt sein kann, wobei die Ertrags- menge mehr oder weniger von der Reifezeit der Sorte abh\u00e4ngig bleibt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71175", "words": "2007", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Evert August Malm", "date": "1945", "keywords": "aina; august; der; eritt\u00e4in; erityisesti; ett\u00e4; evert; finnischen; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; lis\u00e4ksi; maanviljelysneuvos; malm; malmin; my\u00f6s; oli; pmy; sek\u00e4; soiden; suomen; suoviljelysyhdistyksen; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; und", "summary": "Varmaankin moni Malmin luokse asialle mennyt muistaa tavanneensa h\u00e4net tutkimassa jotakin \u00e4sken ilmestynytt\u00e4 aikakauskirjaa tai teosta, ja h\u00e4nen ty\u00f6- p\u00f6yd\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4n tiesi aina l\u00f6yt\u00e4v\u00e4ns\u00e4 viimeksi ilmestyneet suoviljelyst\u00e4 koskevat julkaisut. T\u00e4llainen suunnitelma saatiinkin t\u00e4m\u00e4n vuosisadan alussa k\u00e4yntiin, ja sen mukaisesti suoritettiin suotutkimuksia paitsi Kainuussa ja Lapissa my\u00f6s valtakunnan etel\u00e4- ja lounaisosissa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71176", "words": "2386", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Poij\u00e4rvi, Ilmari", "title": "Nuorten emakkojen ja leikkojen lis\u00e4kasvukyky toisiinsa verrattuna", "date": "1945", "keywords": "der; die; el\u00e4imet; emakkojen; eri; ett\u00e4; kokeissa; kuin; kun; leikkojen; niin; ollut; ovat; perusteella; sen; siis; sikakantoja; tulokseen; und; viikon", "summary": "H\u00e4nen esitt\u00e4miens\u00e4 tietojen perusteella voidaan laskea, ett\u00e4 \u00c5storpin koeasemalla on vv. 1923-27 teurastettujen leikkojen keskipaino ollut 93.4 kg ja emakkojen 92.5 kg. El\u00e4imet tulevat koeasemalle tavallisimmin 7\u20149 viikon vanhoina ja 14\u201420 kg:n painoisina.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71177", "words": "3327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Valle, Otto; Mali, Liisa", "title": "\u00d6ljypellavan viljelyn alkutaipaleelta suomessa: Vuonna 1942 tuotetun siemenen laatu", "date": "1945", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; it\u00e4vyys; keskim; kosteus; kuin; kun; kylv\u00f6siemeneksi; mvs; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; oli; olleet; ollut; ovat; paino; puhtaus; siemenen; suomessa; tikkurilan; tuotetun; vain; valle; viljelyn; vuoden; \u00f6ljypellavan", "summary": "Maahamme my\u00f6h\u00e4\u00e4n kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 1941 Petsamon kautta saapuneesta argentiinalaisesta \u00f6ljy- pellavasta, joka oli hankittu varsinaisesti \u00f6ljynpuristukseen, p\u00e4\u00e4tet- tiin varata kev\u00e4\u00e4n 1942 sopimusviljelytoimintaan 300 000 kg, jolla m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ll\u00e4 olisi voitu kylv\u00e4\u00e4 n. 3000 ha. Maamme ollessa parhaillaan sodassa ei \u00f6ljypellavan viljelyn k\u00e4yntiin saattaminen kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 1912 ollut helppoa, ja viljelij\u00f6it\u00e4kin oli vaikea saada, kun aivan uusi viljelyskasvi oli kysymyksess\u00e4. Kun \u00f6ljypellava oli vil- jelyskasvina oloissamme uusi ja kun sotatilanteen takia ty\u00f6voimasta oli ankara puute, ei korjuu- ja puintit\u00f6it\u00e4 sek\u00e4 siemensadon k\u00e4sitte- ly\u00e4 suoritettu aina sellaisella huolella kuin olisi ollut tarpeellista.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71178", "words": "3033", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Martimo, Erik", "title": "Suomalaisen hunajan ominaisuuksista ja alkuper\u00e4st\u00e4", "date": "1945", "keywords": "der; des; die; eritt\u00e4in; ett\u00e4; f\u00fcr; hunajan; keskim; lebensmittel; mukaan; oli; ollut; ominaispaino; sek\u00e4; suomalaisen; und; untersuchung; vesipitoisuus; voidaan; vuoden; zeitschr; \u00fcber", "summary": "Tulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 suomalaisen hunajan pH-arvo on suhteel- lisen alhainen ja ett\u00e4 sen reaktio vaihtelee melko v\u00e4h\u00e4ss\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4rin. Suomalaisen hunajan ominaispaino ja vesipitoisuus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71179", "words": "6203", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Toimittaja, Toimittaja", "title": "Yliopiston maatalouskirjaston uushankinnat v. 1945", "date": "1945", "keywords": "den; der; die; erip; fr\u00e5n; f\u00f6r; hfors; hki; kbhvn; keskusliiton; med; moskva; och; pain; porvoo; sthlm; suomen; svenska; s\u00e4rtr; uppl; uppsala; utg; vuosikirja", "summary": "192 s. 178 Wei ss ber g, E. E., Pamjatka mezdril'sciku. 28 s. 181 Mets\u00e4talous.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71180", "words": "3764", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Salonen, Martti", "title": "Kalkituksen vaikutuksista maaper\u00e4n orgaaniseen ja helppoliukoiseen fosforiin", "date": "1946", "keywords": "aitosavi; clay; eri; ett\u00e4; ferrija; fosforin; harvest; joka; kalkituksen; kasvatus; kasvien; kuin; maan; maata; mutta; my\u00f6s; olisi; orgaanisen; ovat; phosphorus; soil; suuri; table", "summary": "Yleinen k\u00e4sitys n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 olevan, ett\u00e4 kalkituksen liukoista fosforihappoa lis\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4 vaikutus johtuu sen ferri- ja aluminiumfosfaatteja hydrolysoivasta ominai- suudesta. 2 %, ja on syyt\u00e4 arvioida analyysi virheet suuremmiksi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71181", "words": "3089", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Vuorinen, Jouko", "title": "Koekenttien maaper\u00e4n ep\u00e4tasaisuudesta", "date": "1946", "keywords": "eri; esitetty; ett\u00e4; hyvin; jouko; koekent\u00e4n; kuin; maaper\u00e4n; mutta; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; oli; pohjamaan; sato; sek\u00e4; soil; test; vii", "summary": "Luonteenomaista kent\u00e4lle on, ett\u00e4 se kummassakin p\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 (I, II ja VII, VIII) on l\u00f6yh\u00e4\u00e4, hietamaista, mutta keskell\u00e4 (III\u2014VI) tiivist\u00e4 ja kovaa, hiesumaista. Kasvinviljelyskokeiden suorittaminen on niin paljon ty\u00f6t\u00e4 ja kustannuksia vaativaa tutkimustoimintaa ja sen tulokset maanviljelykselle niin t\u00e4rkeit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 tarkan maaper\u00e4tutkimuksen suorittaminen kaikilla koekentill\u00e4 on kasvinviljelys- kokeiden tarkoituksenmukaisuuden ja onnistumisen t\u00e4rkein edellytys.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71182", "words": "6345", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "The significance of potato virus diseases in Finland", "date": "1946", "keywords": "countries; country; cultivation; ett\u00e4; experiment; finland; information; myzodes; ovat; parts; persicae; perunan; plant; potato; potato virus; potatoes; seed; significance; solanum; station; varieties; virus diseases; virustautien", "summary": "Due to the cold climate and short period of growth prevailing in our country the qualifications for the increase of aphids spreading potato virus diseases anywhere in Finland and especially in the central and northern parts of the country are evidently smaller than in the more southern countries, and, accordingly, the possibilities of the spreading of virus diseases are also smaller. At the Department of Plant Pathology potato virus diseases have been cont- inuously observed, and it has been verified that especially in potatoes brought from foreign countries virus diseases occur plentifully, e.g. in 1945, when the Depart- ment carried out experiments with a number of potato varieties obtained from Sweden.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71183", "words": "8186", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Lonka, T.", "title": "Dry period and milk yield", "date": "1946", "keywords": "calving interval; correlation; cows; days; effect; factors; lactation curve; lactation period; lactation yield; lactations; length; milk yield; period", "summary": "When the dry periods are corrected by means of the correction factors given in Table 4 to correspond to the year long calving interval the following mean lengths of dry periods are obtained: Sequence of dry period I II m IV v D. P., days 50.8 66.2 65.0 68.3 64,7 The relation between dry period milk yield among Finnish Ayrshire cattle has been studied in this investigation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71184", "words": "6807", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Vainikainen, Viljo ", "title": "Er\u00e4it\u00e4 n\u00e4k\u00f6kohtia perinn\u00f6llisten tekij\u00e4in vaikutuksesta nautakarjan hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen", "date": "1946", "keywords": "antaneiden; ayrshire; birth; cattle; cows; der; die; east; ett\u00e4; finnish; hedelm\u00e4llisyyteen; i.s.k; ilmenee; jotka; kaksosia; kaksosten; kertaa; kpl; kuin; kun; l.s.k; lehmien; lehmi\u00e4; lis\u00e4ksi; mahoja; mukaan; my\u00f6s; nautakarjan; number; ole; olleet; ollut; ovat; pairs; sek\u00e4; syntyneiden; tai; twins; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; und; vaikutus; viljo; yliaikaisia; \u00fcber", "summary": "% ja 0.09 %. Hammond (12), Fels (9), Zondek (54) ja Butenandt (5) ovat tutkimuksillaan osoittaneet, ett\u00e4 hormonit vaikuttavat hedel- m\u00e4llisyyteen edullisesti.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71185", "words": "4550", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Salonen, Martti", "title": "Suolalis\u00e4yksen vaikutuksesta maan reaktioon", "date": "1946", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; kci; kuin; l\u00e4pi; maan; maata; my\u00f6s; n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n; peat; siit\u00e4; soil; water", "summary": "L\u00e4pi valunut vesim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 on merkitty abskissalle mrmein\u00e4 ja pH on merkitty ordinaatalle. Jatkamalla k\u00e4sittely\u00e4 voidaan saada kaikki H-ionit vaihtu- maan metallikationeihin ja maan neutraaliksi tai em\u00e4ksiseksikin (1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71186", "words": "4893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Pulkki, L. H.; Puutula, K.", "title": "Distribution of thiamin (Vitamin B1) and fat in wheat grain", "date": "1946", "keywords": "ash; ash content; bran; cent; content; fat; flour; grain; thiamin; thiamin content; wheat", "summary": "Analytical data are given of milling products and a series of flours of a commer- cial mill which was obtained by mixing mill streams in an order according to the ascending ash content. On following the mutual relations of the ash, thiamin, and fat contents in Table 111 it is seen that they are not congruent with each other in every phase.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71187", "words": "6250", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "82", "author": "Toimittaja, Toimittaja", "title": "Yliopiston maatalouskirjaston uushankinnat Tammi\u2014Syysk. 1946: Valikoima", "date": "1946", "keywords": "f\u00f6r; hki; kbhvn; london; med; moskva; och; oslo; pain; porvoo; s. a.; s. s; sthlm; suomen; udg; utg", "summary": "s. \u2014\u00bb\u2014- Pastinakk. 2. pain, [Hki] 1946. 29 s. (Monist.) 1 raa e n, A. E., & Storen, Kr., Landbrukets mikrobiologi 2. utg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71188", "words": "5232", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Vuorinen, Jouko", "title": "Maaper\u00e4n humuksen m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4misest\u00e4", "date": "1946", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; humuksen; humus; hyvin; kmno; kuin; kulunut; k\u00e4ytetty; liekill\u00e4; liian; maan; maaper\u00e4n; menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4; min; mukaan; mutta; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; noin; ollut; ovat; pitoisuus; saatu; soil; taulukossa; t\u00e4m\u00e4; vain; vastaa", "summary": "3. 1-n K 2Cr2 07 on liian heikko hapetin, ja sill\u00e4 maaper\u00e4n humusta poltettaessa saadut C-pitoisuudet ovat vain noin 9/10 2-n K 2 Cr2 07 :n antamista. Edell\u00e4mainittu erotus vastaa samansuuruisen 0.1-n bikromaattima\u00e4r\u00e4n kulutusta ja 1 ml sit\u00e4 taas vastaa 0.3 mg hiilt\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71189", "words": "5957", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Pihkala, K. U.", "title": "Maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6lajien luokittelujen ja m\u00e4\u00e4ritelmien yhten\u00e4ist\u00e4misest\u00e4", "date": "1946", "keywords": "ala; alueet; eri; esim; ett\u00e4; jos; jotka; kasvitarha; katsotaan; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; laidun; land; luetaan; luonnonniitty; l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6lajien; mets\u00e4maa; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4ritelmien; niiden; niitty; nimityst\u00e4; ole; oleva; oli; olisi; ovat; pelloksi; pellon; pelto; pinta; puuja; raivattu; ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n; sek\u00e4; sen; siihen; siit\u00e4; suomen; tai; tilastossa; t\u00e4h\u00e4n; varten; viljelty; viljelyskelpoinen; voidaan; vuoksi", "summary": "Pelto on viljelty\u00e4 aluetta, jota s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llisiss\u00e4 oloissa uudistuvasti muokataan ja lannoitetaan ja jossa viljell\u00e4\u00e4n peltokasveja tai tilap\u00e4isesti puutarha- Viljelty maa jakaantuu useaan alaryhm\u00e4\u00e4n (kasvitarha, pelto, niitty, suo- viljelys ja nevaniitty), mutta jakokirjoissa on pinta-alaticdot yhdistetty siten, ett\u00e4 pelto k\u00e4sitt\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s kasvitarhan ja suoviljelyksen ja toisena ryhm\u00e4n\u00e4 on niitty, 1 T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tarkoituksessa m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4si maanmittaushallitus v. 1934 professori Pekka Kokkosen sel- vittelem\u00e4\u00e4n kysymyst\u00e4 tiluslajeista ja niiden jyvitt\u00e4misest\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71190", "words": "1778", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "\u00dcber die Resistenz der in Finnland anzubauenden Getreiderosten gegen Weizensteinbrand und Haferflugbrand", "date": "1946", "keywords": "aurore; bei; den; der; diamant; die; finnland; hopea; und; von", "summary": "Die Versuche umfassten damals auch einige aus der Pflanzenz\u00fcchtungsabteilung der Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchsanstalt in Jokioinen sowie aus der Pflanzenz\u00fcchtungsanstalt Tammisto von Hankkija erhaltene Som- merweizenlinien, von denen sich der Sommerweizen Kimmo (Linie 05910) als beachtlich widerstandsf\u00e4hig gegen Steinbrand erwies. Die Steinbrandversuche mit Sommerweizensorten.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71191", "words": "5769", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Vainikainen, Viljo ", "title": "Cross-breeding Finnish sheep with Schwartzkopf rams", "date": "1946", "keywords": "average; breeding; cross; ewes; finnish; offsprings; production; sheep; wool", "summary": "For this reason as also owing to the present channels of Finnish sheep breeding aimed at fur production, there seems no necessity to continue schwartzkopf-crossings. Except for hereditary qualities, the weak wool-production of Finnish sheep is also due to some outside factors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71192", "words": "6706", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Martimo, Erik", "title": "The shape of the egg and its inheritability", "date": "1946", "keywords": "average; egg; eggs; hens; index; oviduct; production; shape; size; uterus", "summary": "Memoir 31, 1920. (6) Curtis, M. R., A biometrical study of egg production in the domestic fowl IV. F. W., A biometrical study of egg production in the domestic fowl HI.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71193", "words": "5540", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Salonen, Martti", "title": "Eri uuttomenetelmlen vertailua helppoliukoisen fosforihapon esiintymissuhteiden selvitt\u00e4misess\u00e4 etel\u00e4-poh janmaan kasvinviljelyskoeaseman koekent\u00e4ll\u00e4", "date": "1946", "keywords": "acid; clay; die; eri; ett\u00e4; fosfaattien; fosforihapon; hyvin; kevyt; kuin; kun; kuva; layer; light; luvut; maan; menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4; menetelm\u00e4n; method; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n; ole; ovat; pohjam; saadut; sen; siin\u00e4; soil; subsoil; truogin; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; uuttosuhteessa; vuoksi", "summary": "Siin\u00e4 on varrellinen, var- sinainen mittakauha, jonka tilavuus on 10 ml, ja sen p\u00e4\u00e4lle asetettava, suppilolla varustettu ja irroitettava apuholkki. 7. Phosphoric acid dissolved by the asetate buffer method kg/ha P. 85ERI UUTTOMENETELMIEN VERTAILUA FOSFORIHAPON SELVITT\u00c4MISESS\u00c4 MARTTI SALONEN86 muunnos oli seuraava; 5 ml maata (mitattu erityisell\u00e4 mittakauhalla) ja 30 ml 0.025 n. CH3COOH pantiin 100 ml:n pulloon ja ravistettiin hyvin sekaisin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71194", "words": "5912", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Saukko, Pentti", "title": "Viljelyskasvien vedenkest\u00e4miskyvyst\u00e4", "date": "1946", "keywords": "aikana; der; des; die; edell\u00e4; eri; ett\u00e4; havainnot; jolloin; jonkin; jotka; kauran; kes\u00e4kuun; korkeudella; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; mainittakoon; my\u00f6s; ohran; ole; oli; olivat; ollessa; ollut; osoittaa; ovat; pentti; pirttij\u00e4rven; rukiin; saukko; sek\u00e4; siis; suunnilleen; tuhoutumisraja; tulvan; t\u00e4hk\u00e4n; t\u00e4m\u00e4; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; vahinkoraja; vastaa; vastaavat; vedenkest\u00e4miskyvyst\u00e4; verraten; viel\u00e4; viii; viljelyskasvien; voidaan; vrk; vuoksi; yliveden", "summary": "Yliveden sattumisaikaan n\u00e4hden t\u00e4ll\u00f6in tehdyt havainnot t\u00e4ydent\u00e4v\u00e4t varsin sopivasti KAiTERAn ja kirjoittajan aikaisempia tutkimuksia, ja eri tutki- mukset muodostavat kokonaisuutena er\u00e4\u00e4nlaisen havaintosarjan, jonka perus- teella voidaan tehd\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4telmi\u00e4 viljelyskasviemme vedenkest\u00e4miskyvyst\u00e4 ja synty- neen vesivahingon laadusta kasvukauden eri aikoina. korkeudella 138.53 ja Nuasj\u00e4rvell\u00e4 kausty\u00f6t suoritettiin yleisesti aikana 20.\u2014c a (VR piirroksessa 1) oli Pirtti j\u00e4rvell\u00e4 138.13 (vert.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71195", "words": "2579", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Pihkala, Rurik", "title": "Maatalouden tulo Valter Lindbergin tutkimuksessa \"Suomen kansantulo vuosina 1926-1938\"", "date": "1946", "keywords": "arvo; der; ett\u00e4; hevosty\u00f6n; huomioon; joka; jos; kansantaloudellinen; kun; laskettaessa; lindberg; maatalouden; mutta; ole; olisi; ovat; pois; suomen; tri; tulo; tuotto; t\u00e4m\u00e4", "summary": "T\u00e4m\u00e4 kaava voidaan johtaa my\u00f6s sellaiseen muotoon, ett\u00e4 kansantaloudelli- nen tulo (EV) on = palvelusv\u00e4elle maksetut palkat ja yritt\u00e4j\u00e4perheen arvioitu palkka, siis yleens\u00e4 palkat ja t\u00e4h\u00e4n lis\u00e4ttyn\u00e4 verot ja puhdastuotto. \u00bb Maatalouden ja sen sivuelinkeinojen kokonaistuottoa laskettaessa tri Lindberg on laskenut kasvinviljelyn kokonaistuottoa m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4ess\u00e4\u00e4n sadon m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t ja arvot ottaen perustaksi maataloustilaston viralliset sato- ja pinta-alatiedot vuosilta 1926\u20141938, tehden niihin kuitenkin er\u00e4it\u00e4 v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6mi\u00e4 oikaisuja.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71226", "words": "2387", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Kanervo, Veikko", "title": "Yrj\u00f6 Armas Hukkinen", "date": "1947", "keywords": "aikak; als; armas; der; die; esiintymisest\u00e4; finnlands; hukkisen; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; kanssa; kukkinen; maatalous; oli; prof; sek\u00e4; suomen; suoritti; thysanopteren; tiedonantoja; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; und; yhdess\u00e4; yrj\u00f6; \u00fcber", "summary": "Kukkinen ryhtyi tarmokkaisiin toimenpiteisiin, ja tuloksena oli ty\u00f6n- nett\u00e4v\u00e4 \u00bbPuhuri\u00bb-p\u00f6lytin , joka oh entisi\u00e4 k\u00e4si- Tutkimukset tuhoel\u00e4inten esiintymisest\u00e4 ja biologiasta muodostivat vankan pohjan tuholaisten torjuntaa ja kasvinsuojelua koskeville tutkimuksille ja k\u00e4yt\u00e4n- n\u00f6lliselle torjuntaty\u00f6lle, jotka olivat prof.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71227", "words": "2754", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Korkman, Nils", "title": "On the inheritance of female sterility in cattle", "date": "1947", "keywords": "age; cows; differences; groups; herds; sires; sterility; variance", "summary": "For this reason the cows within the separate herds were divided into age groups, cows born in the years 1916\u201418 being referred to one group, those born 1919\u201421 to another etc., always maintaining a range of 3 years. Gregory, Regan and Mead (5) show than in mate- rial investigated by them, sterility is more frequent in cows with a higher inbreeding coefficient than in cows with a lower one, and the same authors (Mead, Gregory and Regan (10)) further establish that by inbreeding to certain sires, the daughters have a greater tendency to sterility than cases in which there was outbreeding.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71228", "words": "6583", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Poij\u00e4rvi, Ilmari", "title": "Die \u00dcbereinstimmung der berechneten und der wirklichen mengen verdaulichen Rohproteins in der F\u00fctterung von Milchk\u00fchen", "date": "1947", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; aus; bei; dass; den; der; des; die; futter; futtermittel; futterration; grund; haferstroh; hat; ist; kg aiv; kg hafer; kg heu; kg turnips; man; menge; nicht; nur; rohproteins; sich; sind; tabelle; timothy; und; verdaulichen; verdauungskoeffizienten; von; \u00f6lkuchengemenge", "summary": "Die Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit der Berechnungsweise , die sich auf die durchschnittlichen Proteingehalte der Futtermittel und auf die durchschnittlichen Verdauungskoeffizienten des Proteins gr\u00fcndet. Derartige Versuche h\u00e4tten die vor- liegende Frage nicht besonders beleuchtet, teils darum, weil namentlich die Ver- daulichkeit von Heu in den verschiedenen F\u00e4llen sehr stark wechselt, teils aus dem Grunde, dass unter den Verh\u00e4ltnissen der Praxis die K\u00fche fast immer mit mehreren Futtermitteln gef\u00fcttert werden.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71229", "words": "1989", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Linnasalmi, Annikki", "title": "On the control of cucumber scab (Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell. & Arth.)", "date": "1947", "keywords": "cladosporium; copper; cucumber; disease; experiments; lime; scab; solution; tikkurila", "summary": "Copper lime sprays and sulphur dusts had a slightly preventing effect on scab. According to the reports annually received by the Department of Plant Pathol- ogy at the Agricultural Experiment Station as well as on the basis of the observ- ations made by the officials of the Department on the garden plantings all over the country Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell. & Arth., the cause of the c u c u m- ber scab, is the most common and injurious pathogenic fungus met in field cultivations of cucumber in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71230", "words": "6394", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Lonka, T.", "title": "Can the relation between fat and protein in milk be changed by selective breeding", "date": "1947", "keywords": "basis; breeding; cows; fat; material; milk; milk protein; milk yield; percentages; production; protein content; protein percentage; results", "summary": "Protein percentage Protein in grams per kg. Milk protein is a valuable, and in some cases a necessary, nutrient for both human beings and animals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71231", "words": "6344", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Hilli, Aarne", "title": "Hormonivalmisteiden vaikutuksesta rikkaruohoihin ja hy\u00f6tykasveihin ", "date": "1947", "keywords": "20\u201440; agroxone; arvense; dow; effect; ett\u00e4; hormone; hormonivalmisteiden; j\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4n; kaksi; kertausruutuja; killer; koe; koeruudut; kokeessa; kuin; litr./ha; my\u00f6s; olivat; osittain; pahoin; pelto; products; rikkaruohoihin; rikkaruohojen; ruiskute; ruuduilla; sek\u00e4; stage; suoritettiin; tehtiin; vaikutuksesta; vaikutus; vulgaris; weed; weedone", "summary": "Agroxone-p\u00f6lytett\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin 1 kg ruudulle (200 kg/ha) ja 0,1 % Dow Weed Killer-ruiskutetta 7,5 litraa ruudulle (1500 litr./ha). On the left side a healthy WildRadish, on the right side a Wild Radish (Raphanus rap h a- nist r u m) withered owing to hormone application. 25HORMONIVALMISTEIDEN VAIKUTUKSESTA RIKKARUOHOIHIN AARNE HI LEI H erne-o h ra- kaura-viha n tarehun rikkaruohojen tor juniako e. Kokeessa selvitettiin hormonivalmisteiden (Agroxone-p\u00f6lyte 200 kg/ha ja ruiskutteiden Baver 2, 4 D, 2% (1200 litr./ha), Bayer 2,4 D, 4% (1200 litr/ha), 2\u20144 Dow Weed Killer (0,1%, 1500 litr./ha)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71232", "words": "6470", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Ekstrand, H.", "title": "Er\u00e4it\u00e4 kasvipatologisia n\u00e4k\u00f6kohtia syysviljojen ja nurmiheinien talvehtimisesta", "date": "1947", "keywords": "att; borealis; ekstrand; ennen; eri; ett\u00e4; f\u00f6r; f\u00f6rs\u00f6k; hos; ibid; jotka; kasvien; kuin; kun; kungs; lajikkeiden; mot; my\u00f6s; m\u00e5ste; nimeksi; och; ole; olika; olivat; oraiden; ovat; ruotsin; sclerotinia; sen; siemen; siemensaastunta; som; syysviljojen; tab; tai; typhula; utg\u00e5ng; vaasa; vastaan; vid; voi; voidaan; vuoksi; \u00e4ven", "summary": "Siemensaastunnan (Fusarium) ja oraiden h\u00e4vi\u00e4misen (\u00bbkylm\u00e4nvahingot\u00bb) v\u00e4linen suhde eri ruiseriss\u00e4 Sval\u00f6fiss\u00e4 1939\u20141940 (peittaamaton siemen). Monissa tapauksissa vaikuttaa maasaastunta lumi- homeen esiintymiseen, ja t\u00e4ll\u00f6in on saastunnan ja viljan taudinkest\u00e4vyyden v\u00e4lill\u00e4 suoranainen korrelaatio.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71233", "words": "3379", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Juusela, Taneli ", "title": "Salaojasyvyyskysymyksen selvittely\u00e4", "date": "1947", "keywords": "als; auch; den; der; des; die; eri; esim; ettei; ett\u00e4; finnland; kuin; kuitenkin; k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n; maan; mukaan; my\u00f6s; niin; nykyisin; n\u00e4in; ole; roudan; ruotsissa; salaojien; sama; schweden; suomessa; vain; yleens\u00e4", "summary": "Saman k\u00e4sityksen ilmaisee my\u00f6s Alml\u00f6f (1, s. 92 ja s. 209) mainiten mm., ett\u00e4 nykyisin ollaan t\u00e4ysin selvill\u00e4 siit\u00e4, ettei ole syyt\u00e4 pel\u00e4t\u00e4 roudan rikkovan matalia ojia, ja Frank (3, s. 33), joka katsoo, ettei ole syyt\u00e4 otaksua putkiston s\u00e4rkyv\u00e4n, vaikkei se olisikaan roudattomassa syvyydess\u00e4. Fredholm huomauttaa lis\u00e4ksi (4, s. 334), ett\u00e4 salaojien tulisi huonosti l\u00e4p\u00e4iseviss\u00e4 ja tiiviiss\u00e4 maissa olla matalampia kuin huokoisissa ja ravintorikkaissa maissa. Alml\u00f6f (1, s. 209) taas mainitsee, ettei salaojan syvyys saisi voimakaskapil- laarisilla mailla alittaa 1 metri\u00e4, mutta ett\u00e4 savimailla on pikemminkin eduksi, jollei tarvitse k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 kuinoo.l.o metrin syvyytt\u00e4, ja ett\u00e4 tarpeen vaatiessa voidaan TANELI JUUSELA62 huoleti menn\u00e4 aina 0.7\u20140.8 m;n syvyyteen asti.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71234", "words": "5645", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Varo, Mikko", "title": "Suomalaisen hevosen vetovoiman kehitt\u00e4misest\u00e4", "date": "1947", "keywords": "1946; correlation; dams; edell\u00e4; emien; eri; ett\u00e4; hevosen; isien; kaikkien; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; mutta; my\u00f6s; niiden; olisi; ollut; oriiden; oriit; ovat; perusteella; poikien; pojat; power; results; sill\u00e4; sires; sons; stallions; steps; tammat; tammojen; tulokset; vaikutus; vain; vetovoiman; voidaan; vuoksi; vuorosuhde; vuotiaiden", "summary": "M x = 8.04 \u00b10.27 ax = \u00b12.47 My = 8.35 \u00b10.09 oy = \u00b10.89 r = +0.17 \u00b1O.lO Taulukko 3. 4-vuotiaiden isien ja poikien, joiden emien veiovarmuus on 6 p., vetokykyjen vuorosuhde- Table 3. Taulukko \u00f6. 4-vuotiaiden isien ja poikien, joiden emien vetovarmuus on 6 p., vetovoimien vuorosuhde Table 5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71235", "words": "2203", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Suomela, Samuli", "title": "Peltojen et\u00e4isyyden vaikutuksesta viljelm\u00e4n kannattavuuteen", "date": "1947", "keywords": "area; distance; eri; ett\u00e4; et\u00e4isyyden; farms; fields; hectares; keskiet\u00e4isyys; meters; peltoala; peltojen; taulukko; viljelm\u00e4n", "summary": "Peltojen et\u00e4isyyden ja viljelm\u00e4n kannattavuuden v\u00e4lisen suhteen perusteelli- seksi selvitt\u00e4miseksi on tutkittava my\u00f6s muihin maatalousalueisiimme ja kaikkiin suuruusluokkiin kuuluvia viljelmi\u00e4. 10\u201420 34 3,4 13 2,2 \u201427 0,4 20\u201440 77 6,1 53 4,7 21 3,1 40\u2014 135 8,6 89 6,5 70 5.9 https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=Ut7Ccrf4oN56PTYu.yFLTvkimStV9luf7emz78w.gxk212gqYm1ssR8kCOnGTNfqADCzMOXC7Y2mRNBrDJpxsd17rW4TRsHtFY9eW_9Zr6QApkcWEkHSVi3aUNnrDk3rGlDMohF42nR1dkVheOb9JA-eGGvTUW7WbVDgqyfcZ7vvX4r1U4r2aJq4AOD001qh79E-McRgVM_KfA SUOMELA84 ViRRi (6) esitt\u00e4\u00e4, ett\u00e4 tuoton suuruuden riippuvuus et\u00e4isyyden muutoksista voidaan likim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isesti ilmaista lausekkeella 1 \u2018 = I+kx \u2019 jossa y=tuotto ja x=et\u00e4isyys.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71236", "words": "3047", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Ollila, Laila", "title": "Tuhosienien merkityksest\u00e4 perunavarastojen turmelijoina Suomessa ", "date": "1947", "keywords": "bakteerit; cylindrocarpon; eri; ett\u00e4; fusarium; julk; kasvitautiosaston; lajikkeiden; maatalouskoelaitoksen; maatalouskoet; mukulat; mukuloita; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; ovat; perunan; perunoiden; perunoista; potato; sek\u00e4; valt; voidaan", "summary": "T\u00e4llaiset mukulat olivat toden- n\u00e4k\u00f6isesti bakteerien ja Fusarium-sienten yhdess\u00e4 turmelemia. Eri lajikkeiden pilaantumisprosentti vaihteli o:sta 23.5:een lajikkeesta ja s\u00e4ilytys- olosuhteista johtuen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71237", "words": "625", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Olsonen, Kaarlo", "title": "Suurima vai suurimo?", "date": "1947", "keywords": "kansan; my\u00f6s; sana; siis; suurima", "summary": "Kaikissa vanhoissa l\u00e4hteiss\u00e4, jotka tunnen, vanha \u00bbryyni\u00e4') merkitsev\u00e4 sana esiintyy asussa suurima, siis a-loppuisena. Sent\u00e4hden kirjoitin Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran kielitoimistolle seuraavanlaisen kyselyn: Snut- it suurimoi On tietysti oikein, ett\u00e4 lainasanojen asemesta aletaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 alkuper\u00e4isi\u00e4 suomenkielisi\u00e4 sanoja Mutta kun kansan kieless\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4 oleva sana otetaan yleiseen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n kirjakieless\u00e4, on se mie lest\u00e4ni otettava siin\u00e4 muodossa, miss\u00e4 se kansan kieless\u00e4 viel\u00e4 el\u00e4\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71250", "words": "2562", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "H\u00e5rdh, H. J. E.", "title": "Talven tuhot hedelm\u00e4puissa ja marjapensaissa vuonna 1947", "date": "1948", "keywords": "1946\u20141947; 1947; bushes; damage; ett\u00e4; fruit; havaittu; hedelm\u00e4puiden; hedelm\u00e4puissa; kuin; marjapensaiden; oli; olivat; ovat; sek\u00e4; suomessa; talven; trees; vuonna", "summary": "astetta normaalia korkeampi ja Varsinais-Suomessa vuorokauden keskil\u00e4mp\u00f6 suuren osan kuukautta l\u00e4hes 10\u00b0 C. Lounais-Suomessa havaittu hedelm\u00e4puiden ja marjapensaiden vahingoittuminen johtui niiden maanp\u00e4\u00e4llisten osien kuivumisesta, joka p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa tapahtui huhti-, touko- ja kes\u00e4kuussa. ja karviaismarjapensaissa ilmeniv\u00e4t talven aiheuttamat vauriot siten, ett\u00e4 lehtisilmut puhkesivat tavallista hitaammin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71251", "words": "11886", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Roine, Paavo", "title": "The amounts and adequacy of food rations in Finland during 1941-46", "date": "1948", "keywords": "bread; butter; children; fats; flour; meat; milk; potatoes; sugar; wheat", "summary": "Although the bulk of the amount obtained has been in readily absorbable form (in milk and in butter), it must be stated that the diets, especially during the winter, have been grossly deficient in vitamin A. Due to greater milk rations and lower requirements, the situation of children has not been so bad as that of the adults. The children\u2019s situation has been better due to larger milk rations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71252", "words": "4906", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Therman-Suomalainen, Eeva", "title": "Heterochromatin and nucleic acid", "date": "1948", "keywords": "acid; caspersson; cell; chromosomes; darlington; heterochromatin; histones; metabolism; parts; proteins; segments; thymonucleic", "summary": "It has, in fact, turned out that heterochromatic chromosome parts do not contain genes in the usual sense and neither do any detectable mutations take place in them. These studies have had the important result of bringing to light the decisive role played by nucleic acids in the organization of the chromosomes as well as in the whole cell metabolism.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71253", "words": "3096", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Hilli, Aarne", "title": "Kanankaalin levinneisyydest\u00e4 ja torjunnasta", "date": "1948", "keywords": "calcium; cyanamide; ett\u00e4; hormotox; jolloin; kanankaalin; kuitenkin; levinneisyydest\u00e4; l\u00e4\u00e4nin; mukaan; mukana; mutta; my\u00f6s; noin; oli; olivat; ovat; sek\u00e4; sen; sit\u00e4; tai; torjunnasta; vaikutus; vain; vuonna; wintercress", "summary": "Ylemm\u00e4t lehdet ovat pitempi\u00e4, pitku- laisia, ruodittomia ja liuskahampaisia. Kunkin kunnan alueella on kanankaalin levinneisyys niinik\u00e4\u00e4n paikallisen luontoista ja sama piirre on havaittavissa viel\u00e4 kylien ja yksityisten tilojenkin viljelyksill\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71254", "words": "2903", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Inkil\u00e4, Oiva", "title": "Hernek\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4isen (Grapholitha nigricana Steph.) peltoherneelle aiheuttamista vahingoista", "date": "1948", "keywords": "damages; eli; eri; ett\u00e4; grapholitha; herneen; hernek\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4isen; kuin; kukinta; lajikkeiden; lajikkeilla; melko; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; sek\u00e4; varsin; vioituksen; vuonna; vuosina", "summary": "Loppup\u00e4\u00e4telm\u00e4t. Hernek\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen (Grapholitha nigricana Steph.) on eritt\u00e4in yleinen tuhohy\u00f6n- teinen maamme herneviljelyksill\u00e4, ja sen toukan aiheuttamat tuhot ovat useina vuosina olleet varsin huomattavat, etenkin maamme varsinaisella herneen viljelys- alueella. Keskikes\u00e4, siis my\u00f6s her- neen kukinta-aika, joka alkoi 7\u201412/VII, oli varsin l\u00e4mmin ja poutainen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71255", "words": "5684", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Vaarama, Antero", "title": "Cytogenetic studies on two rubus arcticus-hybrids", "date": "1948", "keywords": "arcticus; chromosome; colour; fig; hybrid; idaeus; number; r. idaeus; regeneration; species; sterility", "summary": "R. arcticus and R. idaeus differ very conspicuously in regard to the flower colour, the former having bright red, the latter white flowers. A character which is absent in R. arcticus, but which is regarded as characteristic for R. idaeus is the waxy bloom of the shoots.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71256", "words": "7550", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Soveri, U.", "title": "Er\u00e4iden turvelajiemme kemiallisesta kokoomuksesta ja sen vaikutuksesta niiden polttoarvoon", "date": "1948", "keywords": "acid; aineesta; aineet; alkoholiin; ash; bitumen; calorific; content; eetteriin; eri; ers; ett\u00e4; fractions; jotka; kemiallisesta; kkal; kokoomuksesta; kuin; kuiva; kuten; maatumisen; material; my\u00f6s; ovat; peat; p\u00e4\u00e4asiallisesti; sek\u00e4; sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t; soveri; t h; table; taulukko; taulukossa; tuhkan; turpeen; turpeitten; values; veteen; yhteydess\u00e4", "summary": "T\u00e4ll\u00f6in on to- dettu, ett\u00e4 rahkaturpeet ovat yleens\u00e4 tuhka-, typpi-, fosfori-, ja kalsiumk\u00f6yhempi\u00e4 kuin sara- ja mskosammalturpeet ja sekaturpeet (10). Kalorimetriset polttoarvom\u00e4\u00e4ritykset on tehty 300 ml pommissa k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 20 atm:n painetta ja 1\u20141,2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71257", "words": "2312", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Mali, Liisa", "title": "Siementuotantomme kehityksest\u00e4 tuonnin ja viennin valossa", "date": "1948", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; helsinki; kanssa; my\u00f6s; oli; ollut; puna; seeds; siemenen; suomen; tilasto; virall; vuodet; vuoksi; vuosina", "summary": "Varsinkin Tanskassa ja my\u00f6s muissa varsinaisissa siementuotantomaissa siemen- viljely oli sodan aiheuttaman suuren kysynn\u00e4n johdosta laajentunut. ja timoteinsiement\u00e4 vie- tiin sen sijaan jatkuvasti, vaikkakin m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t olivat v\u00e4h\u00e4iset.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71258", "words": "2325", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Paloheimo, Lauri ", "title": "Determination of starch according to the principle of iodine colorimetry", "date": "1948", "keywords": "iodine; solution; standard; starch", "summary": "cc. of iodine solution are added under simultaneous shaking. This is prepa- red by pipetting 5 cc. of iodine solution intoa 500 cc.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71259", "words": "3197", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Therman-Suomalainen, Eeva", "title": "Polyploidian merkityksest\u00e4", "date": "1948", "keywords": "amfiploidin; eiv\u00e4t; eri; esim; ett\u00e4; homologisia; ilmeist\u00e4; joiden; jos; jotka; kaksi; koska; kromosomiston; kromosomit; kuin; kuitenkin; muodostavat; niiden; ole; olla; ovat; per\u00e4isin; polyploidien; sek\u00e4; sen; sit\u00e4; syntyy; toisistaan; t\u00e4m\u00e4; usein; vain; voi; voivat; v\u00e4lill\u00e4", "summary": "Autoploidian kauttahan ei synny mit\u00e4\u00e4n varsinaisesti uutta, ja sen t\u00e4rkein merkitys n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 olevan saman lajin alayksik\u00f6iden v\u00e4listen usein hyvin elinvoimaisten risteytym\u00e4yhdistelmien s\u00e4ilytt\u00e4misess\u00e4. Kehitystapahtnmia, jotka esiintyv\u00e4t vain eriasteisilla risteytymill\u00e4, ovat gee- nien ja kromosomien vaihto erilaisten kromosomiannosten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 sek\u00e4 kokonaisten kromosomistojen yhteenliittyminen amfiploideissa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71260", "words": "6042", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Palva, Ossi", "title": "Lypsyn nopeudesta, j\u00e4lkimaidon m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4st\u00e4 ja maidon puhtaudesta sek\u00e4 lypsetyn maitom\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n suhteesta niihin: Lypsykilpailujen tuloksiin perustuva tilastollinen tutkimus k\u00e4sinlypsyst\u00e4", "date": "1948", "keywords": "aika; auf; cm3; das; der; die; eri; ett\u00e4; gruppe; j\u00e4lkimaidon; keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen; kuin; k\u00e4ytetty; lehmien; lehm\u00e4parien; luokan; lypsyn; lypsyss\u00e4; lyps\u00e4miseen; maidon; maitokilon; maitom\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n; melken; milchmenge; min./kg; ollut; ovat; perusteella; ryhmiss\u00e4; ryhm\u00e4; sen; taulukko; und; von; zeit", "summary": "Eri kilpailuissa joudutaan kuitenkin lyps\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n hyvinkin erilaisen maitom\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n antavia ja eri tavoin muodostettuja lehm\u00e4pareja. Maitokilon lyps\u00e4miseen k\u00e4ytetty keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen aika ja sen riippuvaisuus lehm\u00e4parin kokonaismaitom\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4st\u00e4 k\u00e4y ilmi taulukosta 6.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71261", "words": "5077", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ; Salonen, Arvi", "title": "\u00dcber den Einfluss von Erbse auf die Trockensubstanzerzeugung von Hafer in Erbse-hafer-mischbestand", "date": "1948", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; bei; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; erbse; gewachsenen; hafer; hat; ist; nicht; sich; tabelle; triebe; trockensubstanzertrag; und; von; war; wirkung; wurzeln; zus; zwischen", "summary": "Korner Le- gumi- Hafer Hafer Hafer Hafer nosen g = 100.0 g = 100.0 | = 100.0 Hafer 200 lOO.O lOO.O lOO.O Erbse 200 789\u00b134 85.0 In einigen der oben beschriebenen Versuchsreihen wuchs der Hafer also zwischen Erbse merklich st\u00e4rker als im Reinbestand.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71262", "words": "6832", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Paloheimo, Lauri ; Paloheimo, Irja", "title": "On the estimation of the total of vegetable membrane substances", "date": "1949", "keywords": "acid; boiling; cell; crude; determination; fibre; material; membrane substances; method; paloheimo; protein; residue; substances; vegetable; water", "summary": "This is the partition into 1) cell enclosure substances or, plainly, enclosure substances and 2) cell wall substances or membrane substances. The principle and the general features of our method for determining the total of vegetable cell membrane substances were described in a preliminary report by L. Paloheimo (22, p. 19).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71263", "words": "821", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Paloheimo, Lauri ", "title": "An unusual method for determining the percentage of hulls in oats", "date": "1949", "keywords": "hulls; oats; rats", "summary": "The rats pick up the grain by their front teeth (incisors), hold it tranversely before the mouth with their paws and tear out the inner hull-leaf (palet) by their https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=03AJIHwoBHJLzgIz.i8HDFfe9I9Zos0EDtR_fnw.k1fnzO8PSKhNPOn5hOlf14xinEa6auImCcNi8pAxzsohrUyo7ahwX54EH9I0OH8xcN0of6JGvLjG1pF7sx4uSQoxucpDpvnCAmmNWRmDz88bcFt7wcLGLJb4QsHfN7DHwsT_ecjZzbfhcIvZOk97IrbpUTx87ZWUCyXrJhY The table shows the accuracy of the work of rats in hulling the oats Percentage of hulls when hulled No of sample Variety of oats a) by rats b) by hand 1 Guldregn II 24,64 24,69 2 \u00bb 25,35 25,27 3 \u00bb 24,82 24,69 4 Kyt\u00f6 24.65 24.72 5 \u00bb 25.05 24.40 6 >\u00bb 24.49 24.69 7 Russian import 27.9627.98 8 \u00bb \u00bb 28.6128.29 9 \u00bb \u00bb 28.2428.19 10 Orion II 25,37 25,6[ H \u00bb 25,53 25,52 12 \u00bb 25,38 25,30 13 Tammi 21,78 22,60 14 \u00bb 22,16 22,18 15 \u00bb 22,19 22,63 16 Sisu 20,82 21,21 17 \u00bb 20,76 20,98 18 \u00bb 21,16 21,00 19 Eho 21,59 21,87 20 \u00bb 21,66 21,72 21 \u00bb 21,56 21,83 incisors. During recent years we have used in this laboratory rats for hulling the oats since it was observed that rats eat onl\\ the kernels neglecting the hulls.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71264", "words": "8022", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "Overwintering of gramineae-plants and parasitic fungi: I. sclerotinia borealis Bub\u00e4k & Vleugel.", "date": "1949", "keywords": "a. j.; apukka; borealis; e. a.; ekstrand; experiment; finland; fungi; fungus; plants; rovaniemi; rye; sclerotinia; snow; soil; spring; sta; station; strains; sweden; timothy; winter", "summary": "OVERWINTERING OF GRAMINEAE-PLANTS AND PARASITIC FUNGI 139 In Sweden S. borealis has been met in several years causing injury to winter rye, timothy, cocksfoot and other field grasses. During an excursion made with Mr. H. Ekstrand, Fil. Lic., to the northern and middle Finland in spring 1946 the author noted that S. borealis was in many dist- ricts quite common in winter rye and timothy (14).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71265", "words": "2100", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Paatela, Juhani; Dunham, R. S.", "title": "The effect of 2,4-D and 2M-4K on some oil flax varieties grown under different environmental conditions", "date": "1949", "keywords": "2,4; effect; flax; methoxone", "summary": "North Cent- ral Weed Control Conf., No. 48. 20) Zalik, Saul & Olson, P. J. 1948. 2,4-D 0.1 0.1 Slow growth before spraying Started in cool chamber, transferred to greenhouse 6 oz. methoxone 0.1 0.2 0.1 6 oz.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71266", "words": "5491", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Paatela, Juhani", "title": "Er\u00e4iden ristisiittoisten viljelykasvien jalostuksesta Yhdysvalloissa", "date": "1949", "keywords": "agron; amer; beet; breeding; combining; erip; esim; ett\u00e4; hybrid; ibid; jalostuksesta; jos; jotka; jour; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kylvet\u00e4\u00e4n; linjan; linjoja; linjojen; mutta; my\u00f6s; niiden; ovat; saadaan; sek\u00e4; siement\u00e4; siten; soc; sokerijuurikkaan; sugar; taas; tai; vain; viljelykasvien; voidaan; xxyy; yhdysvalloissa", "summary": "Tanskassa klooniruudustomene- telm\u00e4 on osoittautunut varsin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6kelpoiseksi, ja my\u00f6s Kun kyseinen jalostustapa on melko uusi, ja kun sen tuntemisella todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti on merkityst\u00e4 my\u00f6s meid\u00e4n maassamme, luodaan seuraavassa lyhyt katsaus itsesii- tokseen ja kantojen sopivaan kombinoitumiseen ( combining ability), sek\u00e4 esitet\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00e4hinn\u00e4 maissin, sokerijuurikkaan ja er\u00e4iden nurmikasvien jalostuksessa k\u00e4ytet- t\u00e4vi\u00e4 menetelmi\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71267", "words": "4121", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Brummer, Veikko", "title": "Vesij\u00e4rven ja Tammiston aikaisen suhtautumisesta perunavirooseihin", "date": "1949", "keywords": "aikaisen; brummer; difference; ett\u00e4; harbinger; karila; karilasta; kuten; my\u00f6s; ole; oli; ollut; ovat; potato; station; table; tammiston; tammistossa; taul; tuber; vesij\u00e4rven; virus; yksil\u00f6iden; yksil\u00f6it\u00e4", "summary": "Nimenomaan vertailu Vesij\u00e4rven ja Tammiston Aikaisen kesken on t\u00e4st\u00e4 syyst\u00e4 muodostunut kiintoisaksi. Vesij\u00e4rven ja Tammiston", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71268", "words": "1624", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "H\u00e4nninen, P.", "title": "Ennakkotietoja herneen ja virnan s\u00e4ilyvyydest\u00e4 seosviljoissa Suomessa", "date": "1949", "keywords": "etel\u00e4; ett\u00e4; herneen; kuin; kun; ollut; ovat; seosviljoissa; sinikka; s\u00e4ilyvyys; torstai; tuloksia; virnan", "summary": "On luonnollista, ett\u00e4 maan yleisell\u00e4 kasvukunnolla, kasvinravintoaineilla ja maa- lajilla t\u00e4ytyy olla t\u00e4rke\u00e4 merkitys herneen ja virnan s\u00e4ilyvyyteen seosviljoissa. Tutkimuksessa on k\u00e4sitelty Suomessa suoritettuihin koetuloksiin nojautuen herneen ja virnan s\u00e4ilyvyytt\u00e4 seosviljoissa l\u00e4hinn\u00e4 siemensatojen perusteella.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71269", "words": "12725", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Aaltonen, V. T.; Aarnio, B.; Hyypp\u00e4, Esa; Kaitera, Pentti; Keso, Lauri; Kivinen, Erkki; Kokkonen, P.; Kotilainen, Mauno J.; Sauramo, Matti; Tuorila, Pauli; Vuorinen, Jouko", "title": "Maaper\u00e4sanaston ja maalajien luokituksen tarkistus v. 1949", "date": "1949", "keywords": "aaltonen; acidity; brown; carex; cent; classification; clay; clay soil; colour; cultivation; decomposed; districts; eli; finesand; finland; grains; gravel; grey; happamuus; helsinki; hieno; hieta; humus; hyvin; iron; kuin; layer; luokituksen; maalajien; maan; maaper\u00e4sanaston; matter; mineral; moraine; moraine soil; mould; mud; mutta; ole; ovat; peat; peat soils; plant; remains; sek\u00e4; sen; silt; silt clay; sit\u00e4; soil; sphagnum; substance; suomessa; surface; tai; tarkistus; tavallisesti; type; usein; vain; veden; water; yleens\u00e4", "summary": "N\u00e4m\u00e4 maalajit l\u00e4p\u00e4isev\u00e4t hyvin vett\u00e4 ja veden nousu ja pid\u00e4ttyminen on aivan v\u00e4h\u00e4ist\u00e4. Ruskosammalsaraturve ja sara- turve muodostavat parhaat turvemaamme.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71270", "words": "7087", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Karjanlannan fosforista", "date": "1949", "keywords": "aikana; ep\u00e4orgaanisen; eri; ett\u00e4; fosforin; fosforista; hevosen; kaila; karjanlannan; karjanlannan fosforin; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kg g; koska; kuin; kuiva; kun; lannan; lannassa; manure; mutta; naudan; noin; ole; oli; olkea; orgaanisen; ovat; palamisen; phosphorus; sen; siit\u00e4; sijaan; sonnan; straw; table; tot; vain; voidaan", "summary": "Anaerobisesti palavassa lannassa on orgaanisen aineksen rakentuminen verra- ten v\u00e4h\u00e4ist\u00e4 ja fosforin tarve niin ollen pieni. Tosin on huo- mattava, ett\u00e4 keskin\u00e4ytteen otto niin ep\u00e4homogeenisesta aineksesta kuin olkisilpun sekaisesta lannasta on vaikeaa, ja sen vuoksi on mahdollista, ett\u00e4 kolmannen koe- j\u00e4senen ensimm\u00e4isen kuukauden n\u00e4yte ei ollut edustava.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71271", "words": "1663", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Salonen, Martti", "title": "Muutamia havaintoja juolavehn\u00e4n juurakoista ja juurista", "date": "1949", "keywords": "couch; depth; ett\u00e4; juolavehn\u00e4n; juurakot; juuret; juurien; maa; roots; suurin; syvyys", "summary": "Juolavehn\u00e4n juurakot o\u2014lo0 \u201410 cm \u2014l> juurien suurin syvyys 60 \u00bb Juuristosta otetusta tilavuusn\u00e4ytteest\u00e4 poistettiin muiden kasvien juuret, ja juolavehn\u00e4n juura- koista sek\u00e4 juurista tehtiin orgaanisen kuiva-aineen m\u00e4\u00e4ritykset (5): juurakot o\u2014l7 cm 1.77 g/dm2 (vastaa 1770 kg/ha) juuret o\u2014l70\u201417 \u00bb 2.30 \u00bb \u2014\u00bb \u2014 17\u201455 i) 0.70 \u00bb Pohjois-Savon koeasema Halola, Maaninka, 13/8 1. Juolavehn\u00e4n juurakot o\u2014lo0\u201410 cm \u2014\u00bb\u2014- juurien suurin syvyys 90 \u00bb Juuristosta otetusta tilavuusn\u00e4ytteest\u00e4 poistettiin muiden kasvien juuret, ja juolavehn\u00e4n juura- koista sek\u00e4 juurista tehtiin org.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71272", "words": "7380", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Valle, Otto; Paatela, Juhani; Mukula, Jaakko", "title": "Tekohormonien merkityksest\u00e4 \u00f6ljypellavaviljelyksien rikkaruohontorjunnassa", "date": "1949", "keywords": "2,4; 2m-4k; acodrin; agroxone; average; dust; eiv\u00e4t; ett\u00e4; flax; hormones; hormotox; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kuin; kun; niiden; noin; oil; ole; oli; ovat; p\u00f6lyte; r r; r s; rikkaruohojen; ruiskute; ruiskutteet; s s; sek\u00e4; sen; spray; suolaa; tehoavaa; vain; veith; weeds; \u00f6ljypellavan", "summary": "Tekohormonivalmisteiden vaikutus \u00f6ljypellavan ja rikkaruohojen tuorepainoon suhdeluvuin ilmaistuna. Tekohormonik\u00e4sittelyjen vaikutus \u00f6ljypellavan ja rikkaruohojen tuorepainoihin sek\u00e4 jauhosavikan ja mui- den rikkaruohojen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n erikseen k\u00e4y havainnollisimmin ilmi kuviosta 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71273", "words": "2331", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Saloheimo, Lauri ", "title": "Proteini-aineiden vaihtelusta vaaramorenilla ja mutasuoturpeella kasvaneessa viljassa", "date": "1949", "keywords": "auf; der; die; ertrag; ett\u00e4; kaura; kornertrag; kuin; niederungsmoor; ollut; sato; suolla; taulukko; und; vaara; viljan; viljassa", "summary": "Sen sijaan sekaturpeen hehtaaria kohti sis\u00e4lt\u00e4m\u00e4 typpim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 on VALMARin mukaan noin 2 kertaa ja mutasuoturpeen 3 y 2 kertaa niin suuri kuin kivenn\u00e4ismaan (hiekka- ja hietamaa 1.52 \u00b0/00 , savimaa 1.91 \u00b0/00 , mutasuoturve 24.6 \u00b0/00 ja sekaturve 18.5 \u00b0/00 typpe\u00e4 20 sm syv\u00e4ss\u00e4 maakerroksessa).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71274", "words": "1284", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Aalto, Osmo", "title": "Suomalaisrotuisten maitovarsojen painonlis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisest\u00e4", "date": "1949", "keywords": "der; eli; keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen; kuukauden; lis\u00e4kasvu; oli; syntym\u00e4paino; varsojen; yhteens\u00e4", "summary": "Tammavarsat painoivat synnytty\u00e4\u00e4n keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 53,8 kg ja orivarsat 51,6 kg, joten siis tammavarsojen keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen syntym\u00e4paino oli 2,2 kg suurempi kuin orivarsojen vastaava paino. \u00bb \u00bb \u00bb 196 \u00bb 250 \u00bb 4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71275", "words": "9215", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Mukula, Jaakko", "title": "On eradication of woody plants with herbicides in fields and pastures", "date": "1950", "keywords": "2,4; absorption; alder; branch; branches; concentrations; cut; experiments; hormones; leaves; plants; sodium; solution; sprouts; substance; treatment; trees; water; woody", "summary": "Plant hormones and the analysis of growth. Sprouts of different woody plants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71276", "words": "5466", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Karjanlanta kasvien fosforin l\u00e4hteen\u00e4", "date": "1950", "keywords": "acid; aikana; clay; eiv\u00e4t; ep\u00e4orgaanisen; ett\u00e4; fosforin; fosforista; inorganic; jotka; karjanlannan; kasvien; kuin; kun; lannan; liukenevan; l\u00e4hteen\u00e4; maahan; maan; maassa; manure; mineralization; mutta; ole; oli; orgaanisen; ovat; palaneen; phosphorus; soil; table; tai; tulokset; veteen; v\u00e4kilannoitteiden; water", "summary": "Maan orgaanisen fosforin v\u00e4heneminen ja 4-n rikkihappoon liukenevan ep\u00e4- orgaanisen fosforin lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen er\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 muhituskokeessa selvi\u00e4v\u00e4t seuraavista arvoista. Muhituksen vaikutus lannan fosforin ottoon rypsikokeissa Table 8.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71277", "words": "4931", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Saarinen, P.", "title": "A statistical study of the effect of excessive feeding of calcium and phosphorus supplements on the blood calcium and phosphorus of dairy cows", "date": "1950", "keywords": "blood; calcium; cows; effect; inorganic; milk; p ratio; phosphorus; ratio; study", "summary": "The slightly negative effect of milk yield on blood phosphorus and the slightly positive effect on blood calcium, observed in this study, possibly can be explained by an increased removal of blood phosphate by the mammary gland, followed by an accele- rated mobilization of bone phosphates whereby calcium is mobilized in excess. For this purpose, the coefficients of partial correlation have been calculated for each of these, assuming that blood calcium and inorganic phosphorus are variables depend- ent on the above mentioned independent variables.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71278", "words": "2726", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Vuorinen, Jouko", "title": "Pauli Viktor Tuorila", "date": "1950", "keywords": "agricultural; der; des; die; h\u00e4n; koagulation; lime; oli; pauli; research; sek\u00e4; suomen; tuorila; und; von; vuonna; \u00fcber", "summary": "Toiseksi on pantava JOUKO VUORINEN136 merkille se asiantuntemus, jonka h\u00e4n omasi, ja se varmuus ja rohkeus, mill\u00e4 h\u00e4n toi esiin asioiden hoitoon ratkaisevasti vaikuttaneet mielipiteens\u00e4. H\u00e4nen tutkimuksensa ovat ratkaisevasti edist\u00e4neet kalkituksen ja lannoituksen j\u00e4rkiper\u00e4ist\u00e4mist\u00e4 ja h\u00e4nen toimintansa ja asiantuntemuksensa on suuresti lis\u00e4nnyt kalkin ja lannoitteiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 sek\u00e4 samalla satojen suuruutta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71279", "words": "3958", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Ker\u00e4nen, J.", "title": "Maatalousilmatieteen yleiset teht\u00e4v\u00e4t ja alan tutkimukset Suomessa", "date": "1950", "keywords": "alalla; der; des; die; eri; ett\u00e4; fenn; finnland; franssila; hallan; hom\u00e9n; h\u00e4n; joissa; kasvien; ker\u00e4nen; kuin; kuten; lis\u00e4ksi; luvulla; maan; maassamme; maatalouden; maatalousilmatieteen; mutta; my\u00f6s; niiden; ole; ovat; sadon; sen; suomen; suomessa; teht\u00e4v\u00e4t; tulee; tutkimuksia; t\u00e4ll\u00e4; t\u00e4t\u00e4; und; vaikutus; yleiset; \u00fcber", "summary": "Tutkimuskohteita ovat: 1) kasvien levinneisyys, taudit, ilmastoon sopeutuminen ja viljan tuotto; 2) kotiel\u00e4inten levinneisyys, sairaudet ja ilmastoon sopeutuminen 3) loishy\u00f6nteiset; 4) fenologia; 5) keinolliset vaikutukset s\u00e4\u00e4oloihin 6) maaper\u00e4n muodostuminen, erosio ja s\u00e4ilyminen; 7) kasvipeitteen s\u00e4ilyminen. 1920-luvulla sattui useita suotuisia kasvukausia, mutta kaksi katovuotta vv. 1923 ja 1928.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71280", "words": "4115", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Juusela, Taneli ", "title": "Myyr\u00e4ojituksesta ja sen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6mahdollisuuksista Suomessa", "date": "1950", "keywords": "englannissa; eritt\u00e4in; esim; ett\u00e4; hehtaaria; joka; jossa; kohden; kuin; kun; kuten; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6mahdollisuuksista; lis\u00e4ksi; l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; metri\u00e4; myyr\u00e4ojat; myyr\u00e4ojien; myyr\u00e4ojituksen; myyr\u00e4ojitus; my\u00f6s; niiden; n\u00e4in; ole; oli; ollen; ollut; ovat; ruotsissa; sen; siten; suomessa; tulisi; t\u00e4ll\u00f6in; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; vain; varsin; voidaan; yleens\u00e4", "summary": "Niill\u00e4 ei ole omaa py\u00f6r\u00e4paria kuten useimmilla nykyisill\u00e4 malleilla ja maan pinnan pienten ep\u00e4tasaisuuksien vaikutuksen kumoaa pitk\u00e4 liukuva jalas, johon veitsi ja sen edess\u00e4 oleva kiekkoleikkuri on kiinnitetty. Menettelytapaa voitaneen pit\u00e4\u00e4 ojituksen ja muokkauksen v\u00e4limuotona, sill\u00e4 ojitettaessa aikaansaadaan myyr\u00e4rei\u00e4n ja siit\u00e4 maanpintaan saakka ulottuvan raon lis\u00e4ksi rukoilua ja halkeamia kummallekin puolelle aina https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=1HGOrngJadjiJpeF.ltZ0Fd0lv_J8nI3ds4zmhA.jvGu5kQ4ghumJ15KjYghFqNb4WLQ_kyRlC-PoJalOjVu2WhhdpW0iLlQDN1eyBuMoOrKDvzOxeTs8ZcSYQYuVrKECFE3EFaVl3aBXfJh_9lVQqwhyKii7UvV2mK5qQHXDGrZufAhuDsS6VN1DJO5q-P61aEv5Byr14NO0A MYYR\u00c4OJITUKSESTA JA SEN K\u00c4YTT\u00d6MAHDOLLISUUKSISTA SUOMESSA 153 60\u201490 cm:n p\u00e4\u00e4h\u00e4n itse myyr\u00e4ojasta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71281", "words": "4119", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Pulkki, L. H.; Puutula, K.; Laurila, U.-R.", "title": "Suomalaisessa leivonnassa tapahtuvista tiamiinih\u00e4vi\u00f6ist\u00e4", "date": "1950", "keywords": "baking; bread; content; flour; kuin; leivottu; leiv\u00e4n; loaf; loss; meal; oli; rye; thiamine; vitamin; weight; wheat; yeast", "summary": "26\u201428 i> \u00bb 33\u201435 \u00bb \u00bb 15.0 \u00bb \u00bb 14.8\u201416.5 \u00bb \u00bb 27.5 \u00bb \u00bb 2Q hiivak\u00e4ymis- yeast fermentation 14 biologinen biological 9 hiivak\u00e4ymis- yeast fermentation 6\u201420 tiokromi- thiochrome 13.5\u201455.5 \u00bb Leip\u00e4laatu Tekij\u00e4 AuthorKind of bread Vehn\u00e4leip\u00e4 Wheat bread Brown, Hamm, Harrison 1943 (4) Vehn\u00e4leip\u00e4 (vitaminoitu) Wheat bread (vitaminised) Vehn\u00e4leip\u00e4 Wheat bread Melnick, Mabardie, Bern stein, Oser 1941 (16) Martin 1941 (15)\u00bb Vehn\u00e4leip\u00e4 (85 % jauhotulos) Wheat bread (85 % extraction) Dawson, Martin 1942 (8) 98\u2014100 Golberg, Thorp 1946 (11)80 85 95 t\u00e4ys]yv\u00e4 jauho whole-meal Schultz, Atkin, Frey 1942 (21)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71282", "words": "2843", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Vaarama, Antero", "title": "Alustavia havaintoja amerikkalaisten pensasmustikkalajikkeiden viljelyominaisuuksista", "date": "1950", "keywords": "atlantic; berries; blueberry; burlington; concord; eri; ett\u00e4; jersey; joka; june; koko; kuitenkin; lajike; lajikkeiden; lajikkeista; marjojen; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; ole; oli; ovat; pemberton; rancocas; rubel; stanley; taulukko; varieties", "summary": "ANTERO VAARAMA30 Mielenkiintoisena ilmi\u00f6n\u00e4 on pidett\u00e4v\u00e4 havaintoa, ett\u00e4 lajikkeet Atlantic, Pemberton ja Rancocas esiintyv\u00e4t Suomen olosuhteissa viljelysominaisuuksiltaan erilaisina kuin Yhdysvalloissa. arvio Present estimation American estimation June June Atlantic Rancocas Rancocas Stanley Pemberton Concord Stanley Atlantic Rubel Pemberton Concord Rubel Jersey Jersey Burlington Burlington Concord ja Jersey lajikkeiden asema aikaisuusj\u00e4rjestyksess\u00e4 on hypoteettinen pienen sadon vuoksi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71283", "words": "7650", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Simonen, Seppo", "title": "Significance of co-operation to agriculture in Finland", "date": "1950", "keywords": "agriculture; butter; central; credit; dairies; farmers; finland; movement; operation; pellervo; production; societies; society", "summary": "Already in the early years of the co-operative movement it was clearly apparent that of the numerous forms of co-operative societies tried out abroad, co-operative dairies, credit societies and retail societies were natural to Finnish conditions, and they soon developed into the three principal branches of the movement. The total number of co-operative societies working for the benefit of farmers in Finland in 1948 amounted to 4,715.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71284", "words": "5888", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "M\u00e4ki, Antti", "title": "Maatalouteen liittyvien etuuksien arvioimisesta toista korvauslakia sovellettaessa", "date": "1950", "keywords": "ajan; alueella; alueen; arvioitaessa; arvo; arvoon; edell\u00e4; eritt\u00e4in; esim; ett\u00e4; etuuden; etuuksien; huomioon; joita; joka; jos; korvauslakia; kuin; kun; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; maatalouteen; myyntikelpoisen; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4ritett\u00e4ess\u00e4; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; niiden; ole; olevan; olisi; olla; otettava; perusteella; pinta; puhdas; p\u00e4\u00e4oma; raaka; saadaan; saven; sek\u00e4; sen; siit\u00e4; soran; sovellettaessa; tai; tapauksessa; tilan; toista; tonttialueiden; tuoton; tuotto; value; verrattuna; voidaan; vuotuinen", "summary": "Viel\u00e4p\u00e4 t\u00e4h\u00e4n ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n on luettava sellaisetkin toiseen kiinteist\u00f6\u00f6n kohdistuvat oikeudet, joita isossa- jaossa ja tiloja ositettaessa voidaan perustaa ja joita ovat: Erityisesti on varottava arvioimasta suuria raaka-ainevarastoja niiden kokonaism\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n perusteella ottamatta huomioon varaston myyntiin vaadittavan ajan pituutta ja sen vaikutusta tulevaisuudessa saatavien tulojen nykyarvoon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71285", "words": "1673", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ; Salonen, Arvi", "title": "On the appearance and significance of fungi and bacteria antibiotically affecting the fungus sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss.", "date": "1950", "keywords": "bacteria; clover; fungi; leaves; trifoliorum", "summary": "In these investigations attention was directed to damage caused by 5. trifoliorum to red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.), to the freezing of red clover leaves by autumn frosts, and to the appearance of antibiotic bacteria and fungi on frozen leaves of red clover. 64 ONNI POHJAKALLIO and ARVI SALONEN ON THE APPEARANCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI 6 5 Fungi and bacteria taken from frozen clover leaves and their antibiotic effect on S.trifoliorum. Appearance of fungi and bacteria on Analysis of the antibiotic original samples effect (No. of samples) Fungi and bacteria No. of Samples Antibiotic effect samples investigated Lacking Weak Strong A. Henneberg-Agar Medium 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71286", "words": "6364", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Rautavaara, Toivo", "title": "Asutuskeskuksien orgaanisen j\u00e4tteen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 kasvinviljelyss\u00e4", "date": "1950", "keywords": "aineen; ainetta; asutuskeskuksien; dano; eloyhteis\u00f6n; eri; esim; ett\u00e4; humuksen; humus; joka; jos; j\u00e4te; j\u00e4tteen; j\u00e4tteiden; kasvinviljelyss\u00e4; kaupunkien; koko; kompostia; kuin; kun; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6; maahan; maan; maassa; meill\u00e4; menetelm\u00e4; milj; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; niiden; niin; ole; olla; orgaanisen; ovat; rautavaara; ruokamullan; sek\u00e4; siis; sit\u00e4; soil; suuri; tai; toivo; tulee; tuote; typpe\u00e4; t\u00e4m\u00e4; varsinkin; voidaan; waste; ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4", "summary": "ja huvilakaupunkien ja omakotialueiden tontinomistajat, siirtolapuutarha- ja palstaviljelij\u00e4t ryhtyisi kompostia k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n, kunhan harjoitetaan neuvontaa. Maailmankuulu englantilainen East Mallingin puutarhakoeasema on jo kauan tutkinut maabiologiaa, ja sen viime vuosikirjassa sanotaankin yhteenvetona tutki- muksista maan hedelm\u00e4llisyyden yll\u00e4pit\u00e4misest\u00e4 suomennettuna seuravasti (36): \u00bbOrgaaninen aines on maassa t\u00e4rke\u00e4 monin tavoin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71287", "words": "2963", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Mukula, Jaakko", "title": "S\u00e4ilytysaineiden k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 porkkanan varastoimisessa", "date": "1950", "keywords": "belvitan; carrots; experiment; fusarex; koe; kuin; losses; porkkanan; porkkanoiden; rotting; storage", "summary": "Kokeessa 3, jossa k\u00e4ytettiin melko avonaisia laatikoita ja ver- raten pieni\u00e4 koe-eri\u00e4, on Fusarexin teho ehjiss\u00e4 ja katkaistuissa porkkanoissa ollut lyhytaikainen, ja porkkanak\u00e4rp\u00e4sen toukkien vioittamissa porkkanoissa se ei ole vaikuttanut tuhosieniin lainkaan. Kummal- lakin tarkastuskerralla porkkanat punnittiin ja tuhosienien turmelemat yksil\u00f6t poistettiin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71288", "words": "3248", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Nikkil\u00e4, O. E.", "title": "Antiseptisten huuhtelujen vaikutus kalan bakteeripitoisuuteen", "date": "1950", "keywords": "antiseptisten; bakteereja; bakteeripitoisuuteen; biol; ett\u00e4; fish; flav; huuhtelujen; kalan; lihaskudos; ovat; res; sen; sillin; tarr; vaikutus", "summary": "vnlgatnsen, Cl. spurogenusen, Cl. putrijienmm ja Cl. l\u00e4\u00e4nin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 onkin vaistottu jo varhain, vaikka perusteita ei silloin viel\u00e4 tunnettukaan, ja siten on tultu moniin eri s\u00e4il\u00f6nt\u00e4tapoihin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71289", "words": "1090", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Nikkil\u00e4, O. E.", "title": "Rasvapitoisuuden vaikutus kalan suolaantumiseen", "date": "1950", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; fat; j\u00e4lkeen; kalan; kuin; k\u00e4yr\u00e4; noin; paino; sillin; weight", "summary": "Silli, jonkarasvapitoisuus oli 9.8 %, saavutti alkuper\u00e4isen painonsa (100 %) vasta 2 kk:n kuluttua, ja paino ei noussut en\u00e4\u00e4 sen j\u00e4lkeen. Sillin rasvapitoisuudet 5.7 (k\u00e4yr\u00e4 I) ja 9.8 % (k\u00e4yr\u00e4 II).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71290", "words": "11992", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kaitera, Pentti", "title": "Peltojen salaojituksesta", "date": "1951", "keywords": "aikana; aikoina; avo; drainage; drains; edelleen; edell\u00e4; eri; esimerkiksi; esitetty; ett\u00e4; fig; finland; hehtaaria; helsinki; huomattava; huomioon; huomiota; hyvin; h\u00e4n; ilman; ilmenee; joita; joka; jolloin; jos; jossa; kaitera; keso; kestoaika; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; kuva; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; liian; lis\u00e4ksi; l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; maan; maassa; mahdollisimman; mahdollista; miss\u00e4; mit\u00e4; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; niiden; niin; niinp\u00e4; niiss\u00e4; noin; nykyisist\u00e4; nyt; ojan; ojat; ole; olen; olisi; olla; ollut; osa; ovat; peltojen; pentti; pohjaan; putket; runsaasti; ruotsissa; saadaan; salaojien; salaojituksen; salaojitus; sek\u00e4; siit\u00e4; sill\u00e4; siten; soraa; suhteessa; suomen; suomessa; tai; tapauksessa; tulee; t\u00e4ll\u00e4; t\u00e4m\u00e4; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; usein; vain; veden; viel\u00e4; voidaan; vuoden; vuodessa; vuotta; water; yhteydess\u00e4", "summary": "Esimerkiksi Ruotsissa on Hallgrenui (6, s. 14) mukaan kivisalaojia n. 14 % kaikista salaojituksista, ja Suomessa sis\u00e4- Kuva 11. ja Cleveland-tyyppiset ko- neet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71291", "words": "4038", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Salonen, Martti", "title": "Muokkauskerroksen alla olevien maakerrosten merkityksest\u00e4 kasvinviljelyss\u00e4", "date": "1951", "keywords": "alla; eri; ett\u00e4; hyvin; juuret; kasvaneiden; kasvien; kasvit; kuin; maa; muokkauskerroksen; mutta; my\u00f6s; npk; ole; oli; olivat; ovat; plants; pohjamaahan; pohjamaassa; putkissa; subsoil; tehtiin; vain; vapaasti; voi; voidaan", "summary": "Putkien t\u00e4ytteen\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin hienoa, valkeaa kvartsihiekkaa, joka oli pesty ensin laimealla suolahapolla ja sitten runsaalla vedell\u00e4 ja lopuksi kuivattu ja hehku- tettu. Putket sijoitettiin kunkin koeruudun toiseen puoliskoon, ja muokkauskerroksen maa sullottiin huolellisesti paikoilleen, jolloin sen syvyydeksi j\u00e4rjestettiin tasan 20 cm.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71292", "words": "2168", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Olsonen, K.", "title": "R\u00f6llit (Agrostis Spp.), rikkaruohojako vai hy\u00f6tykasveja?", "date": "1951", "keywords": "agrostis; der; ett\u00e4; hy\u00f6tykasveina; kun; mutta; ovat; pidet\u00e4\u00e4n; rikkaruohoina; rollin; r\u00f6nsyr\u00f6llin; sen; sibth; siemenet; siemeni\u00e4; siementen; stolonifera; timotein", "summary": "Ruotsin siementarkastuslaitos ilmoittaa viel\u00e4, ett\u00e4 amerikkalaisissa r\u00f6nsyr\u00f6llin (Agrostis stolonifera L.) siemeniss\u00e4 esiintyvi\u00e4 Agrostis Ellotiana- ja Agrostis hiemalis-r\u00f6llien siemeni\u00e4 he pit\u00e4v\u00e4t rikkaruohoina. Sill\u00e4 kun rollien siemeni\u00e4 ei en\u00e4\u00e4 ole rikkaruo- hojen siementen joukossa ja niit\u00e4 on tilastomme mukaan ollut timotein siementen joukossa keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin l\u00e4hes puoli prosenttia, on v\u00e4himpi\u00e4 vaatimuksia m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4tt\u00e4ess\u00e4 timotein siemeniss\u00e4 sallittua korkeinta rikkaruohojen siementen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 alennettu puolella prosentilla.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71293", "words": "6407", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Vuorinen, Jouko", "title": "Bernhard Aarnio", "date": "1951", "keywords": "aarnio; abteilung; agrogeol; aikak; als; auch; auf; berlin; bernhard; bodenkundlichen; den; der; des; die; finnland; f\u00fcr; helsinki; h\u00e4n; ibid; int; jahre; jahresbericht; jouko; julk; kanssa; kartta; karttoja; landwirtschaftlichen; maan; mit; my\u00f6s; oli; porvoo; porvoo helsinki; ref; sek\u00e4; soil; summary; suomen; t\u00e4tigkeit; und; untersuchungen; versuchsanstalt; von; wurde; \u00fcber", "summary": "Maaper\u00e4n ja kasvillisuuden suhde ja maan ravinteisuus ja viljavuus on tutki- muksen ja k\u00e4sittelyn aiheena 28;ssa Aarnion julkaisussa (1921\u201443). p. 119\u2014 123.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71294", "words": "4195", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Arnala, Risto", "title": "Sipulin naattihomeen torjunnasta", "date": "1951", "keywords": "+4o; den; der; die; ett\u00e4; falschen; istukassipulin; kuparikalkki; k\u00e4sittely; mehltau; naattihomeen; oli; perenox; pflanzen; rikkikalkki; sen; sijaan; sipulin; tabelle; vaikutus; valko\u00f6ljyemulsio; von; weiss\u00f6lemulsion", "summary": "st/1 % Unbespritzet 534 \u00b19.3 % 77 19.8 79 \u2014i> 0.2 % Perenox + 1 % Kiinnite 506 \u00b14.3 % 74 17.0 67 Vesi i/2 t. \u00b14o\u00b0 \u00b16.9 % 156 72.1 109 \u00bb> 3 o \u00bb 3 \u00bb 2139 \u00b16.3 % 121 58.4 88 Kuiva 3t. \u00b14O\u00b0C \u2014Trocken 3st +4O C 2528 \u00b17.9 % 143 69.5 105 \u00bb 6 \u00bb \u00bb", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71295", "words": "3296", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "H\u00e5rdh, H. J. E.", "title": "Keltamuumiotaudin tarttuvaisuudesta sek\u00e4 sen ehk\u00e4isemisest\u00e4 Paration-valmisteilla", "date": "1951", "keywords": "apples; brown; dipping; eri; ett\u00e4; fructigena; growth; hedelmien; hedelm\u00e4n; hours; kuromia; liotus; nesteess\u00e4; parathion; rot; sek\u00e4; sen; sienen; upotus", "summary": "\u201e \u201e n \u201e\u201e \u201e\u201e Soaking in o.i % Parathion as above ' ' for 48 hours H. J. E. HARDH84 Taulukosta 2. n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n, ett\u00e4 24 tunnin liotus vesijohtovedess\u00e4 aiheutti hedel- miss\u00e4 pinnan halkeilemista, mik\u00e4 johtui nestepaineen lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisest\u00e4 hedelm\u00e4n sis\u00e4ss\u00e4. A. k\u00e4sittelem\u00e4t\u00f6n untreated B. liotus vesijohtovedess\u00e4 24 t. soaking in tap water for 24 h. C. upotus 0.1 % sublimaattiliuokseen dipping in 0.1 % mercuric chloridi D. upotus 0.05% CuS04-liuokseen dipping in 0.0,5% CuSOt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71296", "words": "3672", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Englannin ja Skotlannin soista", "date": "1951", "keywords": "englannin; eriophorum; eritt\u00e4in; ett\u00e4; hyvin; joissa; joka; kuin; molinia; moss; mutta; my\u00f6s; niiden; ollut; ovat; phragmites; runsaasti; scirpus; sek\u00e4; skotlannin; soiden; soilla; soista; suon; tai; tavallisesti; tavataan; turpeen; turpeiden; turve; turvetta; verraten", "summary": "Leimaa-antavia ovat Scirpus ja kanerva ja niiden lis\u00e4k- si tavataan Eriophorum vaginatum, Narthecium ossifragum, Molinia sek\u00e4 er\u00e4it\u00e4 saroja ja Juncus-lajeja.. Kukkula- Sekasoita on hyvin monenlaisia ja niiden kas- villisuus vaihtelevaa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71297", "words": "4432", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Poij\u00e4rvi, Ilmari", "title": "Versuche \u00fcber die Bedeutung von methyl-thiouracil bei der Mastf\u00fctterung von alten Milchk\u00fchen", "date": "1951", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; aus; bei; beiden; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; gewicht; gruppen; hat; ist; kuh; k\u00fche; lebendgewicht; mehr; mit; nach; nicht; nur; sich; sind; thiouracil; thiouracilgruppe; und; versuche; von", "summary": "Die K\u00fche waren in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt, die in Alter und Gewicht m\u00f6glichst gleich waren. Die K\u00fche der einen Gruppe erhielten ausserdem t\u00e4glich je Tier 100 g \u00bbVevoron\u00bb, ein Pr\u00e4parat, das etwa 5 % 4-Methyl-2-Thiouracil enth\u00e4lt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71298", "words": "5023", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Tulander, Majlis", "title": "Luettelo Suomessa julkaistuista juoksevista sarjoista ja aikakauslehdist\u00e4 maatalouden, el\u00e4inl\u00e4\u00e4kinn\u00e4n, mets\u00e4talouden, mets\u00e4styksen ja kalastuksen aloilta", "date": "1951", "keywords": "agricultural; association; central; engl; finland; finn; finnish; forestry; f\u00f6r; hfors; hki; journal; julkaisuja; keskusliitto; publications; report; society; summ; suomen; svenska; swed; vuosikertomus; vuosikirja", "summary": "Stambok \u00f6ver djur av ayrshireras i Finland = Suomen ayrshirekarjan kantakirja. Hki = Helsinki.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71299", "words": "3380", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Jensen, H. L.", "title": "Om jordbundens mikroflora i dens almene forhold til plantev\u00e6ksten: Referat af Foredrag ved Nordiske Jordbrugsforskeres F\u00f6renings finske Afdelings Aarsmode i Helsingfors 1951", "date": "1951", "keywords": "bakterier; den; der; deres; det; har; ikke; jorden; kan; man; med; men; organiske; paa; saaledes; som; stof; stoffer; til", "summary": "Og endelig: Hvis saadanne Stoffer dannes, hvilke er da deres kemiske Karak- ter, og har man Mulighed for at drage Fordel af deres Den Procentdel af det primaert omsatte organiske Stof, der omdannes til Cellemateriale og maa passere herjgennem, for der mineraliseres, varierer efter Omstaendighederne, men synes at kunne naa indtil Halvdelen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71300", "words": "5315", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Salonen, Martti", "title": "Havaintoja muutamien nurmikasvien kehityksest\u00e4 kylv\u00f6kes\u00e4n aikana", "date": "1951", "keywords": "alla; hyvin; juuret; juuria; juurien; kasvaneet; korkeus; lehte\u00e4; l\u00e4pim; mutta; nurmikasvien; oli; osat; ovat; pituus; roots; suojaviljan; suurin; suurin syvyys; syvyys; taimisto; todettu; vain; versoa; viel\u00e4", "summary": "Taimet hyvin pieni\u00e4 ja hentoja, mutta elinvoimaisen n\u00e4k\u00f6isi\u00e4. Taimet ovat hyvin hentoja ja nuutuneen n\u00e4k\u00f6isi\u00e4, eiv\u00e4tk\u00e4 vaikuta elinvoimaisille.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71301", "words": "934", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Nikkil\u00e4, O. E.", "title": "Antibioottisten aineitten k\u00e4ytt\u00f6mahdollisuuksista ruokatavaran s\u00e4ilytyksess\u00e4 ", "date": "1951", "keywords": "aineitten; antibiotics; chem; ett\u00e4; food; my\u00f6s; preservation; ruokatavarain", "summary": "Kuitenkin nelj\u00e4 aerobista ja molemmat anaerobiset, nimitt\u00e4in Clostridium botulinum ja m\u00e4d\u00e4tys- bakteeri N.C.A.No. Andersen ja Michener (1, 2,3) ovat saaneet edellisi\u00e4 parempia tuloksia k\u00e4yt- t\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 antibioottisia aineita liev\u00e4n kuumennuksen ohella.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71302", "words": "1193", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Koivisto, Esko", "title": "Kulutusmaidon kysynn\u00e4n joustavuus", "date": "1951", "keywords": "demand; elasticity; ett\u00e4; hintajoustavuus; hintojen; kulutusmaidon; kysynn\u00e4n; sek\u00e4", "summary": "Viime aikoina on Valtion maitotalouskoelaitoksessa suoritettu kulutusmaidon ja maitotaloustuotteiden kysynn\u00e4n hinta- Kulutuksen muutosten ja toiselta puolen hintojen tai tulojen vaihteluiden v\u00e4linen yhteys ilmaistaan ns.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71303", "words": "2893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ; Ollila, Laila; Paasi, Kerttu", "title": "Investigations into the significance of photosynthesis in resistance to plant diseases", "date": "1951", "keywords": "botrytis; cells; clover; disease; light; photosynthesis; red; resistance", "summary": "Effect of light on the incidence of Pythium damping-off disease in radishes Percentage of light intensity outdoors Total Infection of dead 67 53 46 38 33 30conditions seedlings Dead seedlings (%) % On shooting with continuous additional light. . On the other hand, the experimental results do not show whether the increasing effect of additional light on resistance to diseases was based on intensified photosynthesis alone or whether, alongside that also factors connected with photoperiodic irritation had some in- fluence. Conclusions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71304", "words": "6870", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Keso, Lauri", "title": "Salaojitusmenetelemist\u00e4", "date": "1951", "keywords": "aivan; eik\u00e4; erikoisesti; ettei; ett\u00e4; huomioon; hyvin; joissa; joka; jolloin; jos; j\u00e4lkeen; kaitera; kohden; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; lauri; liian; maa; maissa; meill\u00e4; metri\u00e4; mit\u00e4; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; niin; n\u00e4in; n\u00e4iss\u00e4; ojituksessa; ole; olevan; oli; olisi; olivat; olleet; ollut; onkin; ovat; paljon; prof; putket; putkien; ruotsissa; salaojituksen; salaojitusyhdistys; sek\u00e4; sen; siit\u00e4; syvyytt\u00e4; syv\u00e4n; syv\u00e4ss\u00e4; syyt\u00e4; tai; t\u00e4ll\u00f6in; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; vaan; vain; varsin; veden; viel\u00e4; voidaan; vuoksi; yleens\u00e4", "summary": "Kaitera esitt\u00e4\u00e4, tarvitaan sala- ojaa hehtaarille yleens\u00e4 n. 900 m. K\u00e4ytett\u00e4ess\u00e4 15 m 3 hehtaarille olisi soraa sala- ojissa keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 13 sm leve\u00e4lti ja vahvalti ja 29 m 3 k\u00e4ytett\u00e4ess\u00e4 17 sm leve\u00e4lti ja vahvalti. Hyvin ymm\u00e4rrett\u00e4v\u00e4sti auran antura t\u00e4ll\u00f6in laasteroi kuivumisraot ja juurien ja matojen tekem\u00e4t reij\u00e4t tukkoon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71305", "words": "759", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Nikkil\u00e4, O. E.", "title": "Loss of weight in dry-salting of fish", "date": "1951", "keywords": "fish", "summary": "Fish salted with 30 or 25 kg. of salt per 100 kg. of fish was of good quality. On the basis of these results it is possible to calculate in advance the yield of salted fish (Baltic herring), and to determine when the salting has run to an end.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71306", "words": "2529", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Kaitera, Pentti", "title": "Pekka Aaron Kokkonen", "date": "1951", "keywords": "aaron; aikakauskirja; als; auf; das; den; der; die; havaintoja; helsinki; h\u00e4n; ibid; kokkonen; maan; oli; sen; suomen; und; von; vuosina; war; \u00fcber", "summary": "\u00bbK\u00e4yp\u00e4 hinta\u00bb ja \u00bbj\u00e4rkev\u00e4n ostajan hinta\u00bb. Maanmittausopetuksen uusiminen Teknillisess\u00e4 korkeakoulussa vuonna 1942 ja sen vertailu aikai sempaan.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71307", "words": "7602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Pesola, Vilho A.", "title": "Lantstr\u00e4s\u00e4des- och \u00e4rtsorternas tidigare och nutida utbredning i Finland, deras egenskaper och betydelse f\u00f6r v\u00e4xtf\u00f6r\u00e4dlingen samt tillvaratagningen av desamma", "date": "1951", "keywords": "att; betr\u00e4ffande; del; den; der; dessa; det; detta; die; egenskaper; finland; finska; fr\u00e5n; f\u00f6r; f\u00f6r\u00e4dlingar; har; helsinki; hos; ibid; kan; lantsorter; linjer; maatalouskoet; man; med; men; mycket; n\u00e5gra; och; pesola; resultat; samt; sauli; sig; som; tammisto; tiedonant; utl\u00e4ndska; valt; var; vid; vilka; voro; \u00e4ro; \u00e4ven; \u00e5ren; \u00f6ver", "summary": "Det \u00e5l\u00e4ndska v\u00e5rvetet hade ax av Kolben-typ och \u00e4ven Alavus-vetets ax \u00e4r vitt, glatt och bortsl\u00f6st, men n\u00e5gorlunda kort och t\u00e4tt och p\u00e5minner H\u00f6str\u00e5gen bestod \u00e5r 1928 av 18 lantsorter och av dessa finnes fortfarande 10 kvar (icke desamma som 196 VILHO A. PESOLA 1928).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71308", "words": "4465", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Influence of legumes on microbial activity in soil", "date": "1951", "keywords": "crop; influence; legumes; nitrification; nitrogen; oats; pea; plants; rhizosphere; samples; soil; vetch", "summary": "First an examination of the nitrification of soil nitrogen was performed. Thus the results represent, at least in the main, the nitrification of soil nitrogen, including nitrogen of the excretions, provided such exist, and of the decomposed root matter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71309", "words": "3255", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Virri, T. J.", "title": "Herne-kauran viljelyst\u00e4", "date": "1951", "keywords": "der; die; erbse; esim; ett\u00e4; hafer; herneen; hernekauran; kauran; keskim; kuin; mittel; nurmen; oli", "summary": "Koneellisen niiton estym\u00e4tt\u00e4 voi- daan useissa tapauksissa k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 niinkin suurta herneen ja kauran seos-suhdetta kuin 3:1, viel\u00e4p\u00e4 4:1. ja", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71310", "words": "4698", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Haapanen, Arvo", "title": "Yleisimpien puutarhakasvien suomenkielinen nimist\u00f6", "date": "1951", "keywords": "aito; alba; alpina; alpinum; ananas; artemisia; artisokka; chin\u00e9nsis; chrysanthemum; communis; ett\u00e4; euphorbia; harmaa; hort\u00e9nsis; hybrida; iso; jalo; japanin; jap\u00f6nica; keltainen; komea; kukka; lajeja; lychnis; malva; my\u00f6s; nimist\u00f6n; nimi\u00e4; officinalis; ole; palava; pihlaja; prunus; purpurea; puutarhakasvien; saksan; sativum; sekamuotoineen; sen\u00e9cio; silv\u00e9stris; siperian; spl\u00e9ndens; ssp; tavallinen; toimikunta; vulgaris", "summary": "Artemisia ab- r\u00f6tanum aaroninparta Saxifraga sarmen- t\u00f6sa agaave Ag\u00e5ve ahkeraliisa\u2014 Imp\u00e4tiens-lajeja ajuruoho Thymus akaasia Ac\u00e4cia akankaali \u00c5juga akileija Aquil\u00e9gia alpi Lysim\u00e4chia alppikello Soldan\u00e9lla alppiruusu Rhododendron alppit\u00e4hti Leontop\u00f6dium alvejuuri Dry\u00f6pteris amaryllis (aito) Amaryllis bella- donna Amazonin lilja \u00c9ucharis ampiaisyrtti Dracoc\u00e9phalum ananas Ananas angervo Filip\u00e9ndula; my\u00f6s -+ heisi\u00e4., jaloa., pensasa., pih- laja-a., t\u00f6yht\u00f6\u00e4. kallioinen Erigeron kalliokielo Polyg\u00f6natum kamelia Camellia kangasvuokko Pulsatilla ver- n\u00e4lis kanna C\u00e4nna kannusruoho Linaria ka nukka C\u00f6rnus karhunk\u00f6ynn\u00f6s Calyst\u00e9gia karstaohdake Dipsacus karviainen Ribes \u00fcva-crispa kataja Juniperus katkero Genti\u00e4na katleija Cattl\u00e9ya kaunokainen Bellis kaunokki Centaur\u00e9a kaunosilm\u00e4\u2014 Coreopsis kaurajuuri Tragop\u00f6gon porri- f\u00f6lius keh\u00e4kukka Calendula keijunkukka Heuch\u00e9ra keikarinkukka Gardenia keisarinkmunu Lilium bulbi- ferum kello Campanula; my\u00f6s -*\u25a0 alppik., jalok.,kev\u00e4tk., lumik.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71311", "words": "8226", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Virolainen, Johannes", "title": "Sivuansiotulojen merkityksest\u00e4 Suomen pienviljelij\u00e4v\u00e4est\u00f6n taloudessa", "date": "1952", "keywords": "100,0; alueilla; bruttotulosta; earnings; ensimm\u00e4isen; eri; etel\u00e4; ett\u00e4; farmers; finland; helsinki; income; joiden; kohden; koillisja; koko; kuin; kun; merkitys; mukaan; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; osoittaa; osuus; ovat; peltoalan; pohjois; rahatulojen; saatu; saatujen; sek\u00e4; sivuansioiden; sivuansioista; sivuansiotuloista; sivuansiotulojen; subsidiary; suomen; suomessa; suomi; suuruusluokan; talouden; taulukko; tutkimuksen; viljelmill\u00e4; viljelm\u00e4\u00e4; yleens\u00e4", "summary": "ja kotiel\u00e4intuotevarastojen lis\u00e4ys ja kotiel\u00e4inten arvon lis\u00e4ys. 4. ja uittoty\u00f6l\u00e4iset ja heid\u00e4n palkkansa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71312", "words": "1751", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ", "title": "Kauran nokitaudin ilmenemisest\u00e4 erilaisissa valoisuussuhteissa", "date": "1952", "keywords": "der; die; ett\u00e4; kauran; oli; p\u00e4iv\u00e4n; taulukko; vaikutus; valoisuus; valon; von", "summary": "Saman suuntainen vaikutus kuin p\u00e4iv\u00e4n pituudella on kauran elontoimintaan, mm. kehityksen nopeuteen ja energiatalouteen, on my\u00f6s valon intensiteetill\u00e4 (2,3), ja kauran nopean kasvun on selitetty voivan katkaista nokitauti-infektion kulun (1). Ununterbrochene Belichtung Anfangs io St, danach 24 (%) Si LichtjTg maarm von der __", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71313", "words": "1284", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Pesola, Vilho A.", "title": "Kulttuurikasvupaikkain kasvit Kuusamossa ja Sallassa yli kolme vuosikymment\u00e4 sitten", "date": "1952", "keywords": "+ +; kuolaj\u00e4rvi; ohrapelto; piha; salla; talon; yli", "summary": "Salla, Yli-Kurtti, Soppelan talo, piha ja tunkio 21. Kuusamon ja Sallan kulttuurikasvupaikkain kasvit v. 1917.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71314", "words": "1511", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Poij\u00e4rvi, Ilmari", "title": "Orientierende versuche \u00fcber den Einfluss der Futtergr\u00f6sse auf die Verweildauer der futterbestandteile im magen-darmkanal der Wiederk\u00e4uer", "date": "1952", "keywords": "dass; den; der; die; einer; hammel; heu; ist; kot; und; von", "summary": "Die oben beschriebenen Versuche, bei denen die verschiedenen Versuchstiere in einer Zeit von 20 Tagen aus gleichen Futtermitteln in gleichen gegenseitigen Verh\u00e4ltnissen zusammengesetzte, verschieden grosse Futterrationen, von denen eine durch unverdauliches Cr20 3 gekennzeichnet wurde, erhielten, haben erwiesen, dass die Bestandteile einer gr\u00f6sseren Futterration durchschnittlich k\u00fcrzere Zeit im Magen-Darmkanal von Wiederk\u00e4uern bleiben als die einer kleineren. Die Gr\u00f6sse der Futtergabe ist in dieser Hinsicht von unverkennbarem Einfluss gewesen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71315", "words": "4965", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Kaitera, Pentti", "title": "Iivo Artturi Hallakorpi", "date": "1952", "keywords": "aikakauslehti; als; artturi; auch; auf; bei; das; dem; den; der; des; die; eripainos; f\u00fcr; hallakorpi; helsinki; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; jahre; kobenhavn; landwirtschaftlichen; livo; maatalouden; maatalous; mit; my\u00f6s; nach; oli; pentti; porvoo; professor; seine; sek\u00e4; sich; sowie; suomen; teknillinen; t\u00e4tigkeit; und; von; vuonna; vuosina; war; wurde; zum; \u00fcber", "summary": "ja maanviljelysinsin\u00f6\u00f6ri Pentti Kaiteran v\u00e4it\u00f6skirja \u00bbLumen kev\u00e4tsulamisesta ja sen vaikutuksesta vesi- 44 PENTTI KATTE RA v\u00e4ylien purkautumissuhteisiin Suomessa\u00bb 29.4. H\u00e4n s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llisesti kaipasi aivan viime p\u00e4iviins\u00e4 saakka tiedoituksia siit\u00e4, mit\u00e4 maa- talouden vesirakennuksen alalla, sek\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n t\u00f6iss\u00e4 ett\u00e4 tutkimusty\u00f6ss\u00e4 suori- tettiin, ja vaikka h\u00e4n ei kyennyt en\u00e4\u00e4 hallitsemaan ruumistaan eik\u00e4 saanut puhet- taan kuuluville, niin h\u00e4nen silmiens\u00e4 kirkas loiste osoitti h\u00e4nen hengess\u00e4 olevan viel\u00e4 kaikessa mukana.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71316", "words": "4270", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Hirsj\u00e4rvi, Vilho P.", "title": "\u00dcber die Wasseraufnahmef\u00e4higkeit der samen vom Winterr\u00fcbsen, Brassica rapa f. oleifera subf. Biennis", "date": "1952", "keywords": "abb; auf; bei; dass; den; der; des; die; feuchtigkeit; ist; kurve; luftfeuchtigkeit; relat; samen; sich; tabelle; und; versuche; vom; von; wassergehalt; \u00b10.02; \u00b10.03; \u00b1o.ol", "summary": "Die Versuche wurden im M\u00e4rz\u2014Juni 1951 mit Samen aus der Ernte des Jahres 1950ausgef\u00fchrt, der dem Laboratorium von der Zentralgenossenschaft Hankkija G.m.b.H. zugestellt worden war. Vielleicht ist jedoch der Wassergehalt der Samen in diesem Falle in der Gleichgewichtslage ein wenig zu hoch.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71317", "words": "3345", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Virri, T. J.", "title": "Olkisilppujen k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 kylv\u00f6ksen katteena", "date": "1952", "keywords": "alla; auf; den; der; die; ett\u00e4; hafer; katteen; kuin; kun; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila; maan; my\u00f6s; oli; olkia; olkikatteen; sadon; stroh; syvyydess\u00e4; ton; vaikutus", "summary": "Hein\u00e4n oras j\u00e4i t\u00e4ll\u00f6in samalla tavalla harvaksi ja aukkoiseksi kuin edellisen\u00e4kin vuonna, ja sadon v\u00e4hennys oli ilmeinen, joskaan sen silm\u00e4varaista tarkempaan m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4mi- seen ei ollut seuranneiden sotavuosien aikana tilaisuutta. Kain hernekauran pahnoja ei kuitenkaan analysoitu, ja kun herneen ja kauran oljet ovat eri arvoisia, ei sanottuja normeja voitu k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 n\u00e4ihin n\u00e4hden, vaan arvioitiin sekapahnoja rehuyksikk\u00f6\u00f6n kaikissa tapauksissa 3,7 kg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71318", "words": "1808", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Kaitera, Pentti", "title": "Peltojen salaojituksesta II", "date": "1952", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; h\u00e4n; keso; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; meill\u00e4; ole; ovat; pentti; prof; ruotsissa; salaojituksesta; sen; suomessa; tai; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; vain; viel\u00e4; voidaan", "summary": "Senj\u00e4lkeen kun esitelm\u00e4ni oli pidetty, on Ruotsissa jul- kaistu komiteanmietint\u00f6 koneellisesta salaojituksesta (7), ja siin\u00e4kin on kiinnitetty t\u00e4h\u00e4n seikkaan huomiota sek\u00e4 arvioitu, ett\u00e4 my\u00f6s Ruotsissa olisi t\u00e4h\u00e4nastista suu- remmassa m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 hajaojitusta (behovsdikning) j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4llisen oji- tuksen asemesta. Er\u00e4s nykyisen salaojitustoiminnan heikkouksia on se, ett\u00e4 siin\u00e4 esiintyv\u00e4t ty\u00f6t ovat p\u00e4\u00e4osaltaan ammattity\u00f6voimalla suoritettavia (5) ja siten suurin osa kustannuksista t\u00e4ytyy rahana maksaa maatilalta pois sensijaan, ett\u00e4 maanviljelij\u00e4t voisivat itse ty\u00f6n suorittaa silloin, kun muilta t\u00f6ilt\u00e4\u00e4n joutavat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71319", "words": "3248", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4, Anja-Meri", "title": "Observations on the effect of \u201eFertosan\u201c- and \u201eQR\u201c- preparations upon the humification of straw", "date": "1952", "keywords": "decomposition; experiments; fertilizers; manure; matter; nitrogen; phosphorus; straw", "summary": "A treatment with \u00bbFertosan\u00bb or \u00bbOR\u00bb had no effect on the velocity of the de- composition, since the losses of dry matter in the \u00bbFertosan\u00bb -or \u00bbQR\u00bb-pots were not higher than in the corresponding pots without the preparations. In the series with farm manure 250 gof fresh manure was mixed with dry straw before packing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71320", "words": "8676", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Suomela, Samuli", "title": "Tuloslukujen vaihtelusta maataloudessa", "date": "1952", "keywords": "alueen; bookkeeping; class; eri; esitetty; etel\u00e4; ett\u00e4; farms; finland; joilla; jos; keskiarvon; keskiarvosta; kirjanpitoviljelmill\u00e4; kokonaistuoton; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kysymyksess\u00e4; liikeylij\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4n; maatalouden; mean; my\u00f6s; neli\u00f6hajonta; ole; ollut; operating; ovat; perusteella; results; return; sen; siten; sit\u00e4; size; south; suomen; suurempi; tai; tapauksissa; tilivuonna; tuloslukujen; vaihtelu; vaihtelusta; vain; viljelmien; voidaan; year", "summary": "Tut- kimuksen kohteena ovat olleet maatalousomaisuudessa, ty\u00f6nmenekiss\u00e4, satotulok- sissa, rahatuloissa ja -menoissa, kokonaistuotossa, liikekustannuksessa sek\u00e4 erikseen t\u00e4rkeimmiss\u00e4 tuotto- ja kustannuseriss\u00e4 ja liikeylij\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4ss\u00e4 eri viljelmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ilmenev\u00e4t vaihtelut. Tulosten suhteen on otettava huomioon, ett\u00e4 tutkimuksessa on k\u00e4sitelty ainoas- taan, kuinka suuri tuloslukujen vaihtelu on ollut, ja miss\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4rin on mahdollista vaihtelu ja viljelmien lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 huomioon otettuna saada luotettavia tuloksia kirjanpitoviljelmilt\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71321", "words": "1157", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ", "title": "Suomen paikallisissa lannoituskokeissa esiintyneiden huippusatojen jakautuneisuus eri leveyspiireille", "date": "1952", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; huippusadot; ibid; kuin; lannoituskokeet; paikalliset; peak; suomessa; vuonna; yields", "summary": "Huippusatoraja on ollut niin korkea, ett\u00e4 se on saavutettu vain tapauksissa, joissa kasvualustan kunto, kosteussuhteet ja taudit eiv\u00e4t ole sanot- tavasti rajoittaneet kasvua. The number of local fertilizing experiments and the peak yields Kokeiden luku Huippusatoja (%) Number of experiments Peak yields (%)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71322", "words": "1071", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Olsonen, K.", "title": "Humala- ja apilavieraan siemenet suomessa kasvaneissa timotein ja apilan siemeniss\u00e4", "date": "1952", "keywords": "cuscuta; etel\u00e4; kasvien; oli; ovat; samen; sen; siemenet; siemeni\u00e4; tavattu", "summary": "Siementimoteita korjattaessa n\u00e4m\u00e4 nokkoset loisineen ovat tulleet mukaan ja lm- malavieraan siemenet timotein siementen joukkoon. Oikeastaan n\u00e4m\u00e4 siemenet olisi pit\u00e4nyt viljell\u00e4 ja niist\u00e4 kasvaneista kasveista m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4\u00e4, mink\u00e4 Cuscuta-lajin siemeni\u00e4 ne todella ovat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71323", "words": "3182", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Kivinen, Pertti", "title": "Observations on the effect of organic materila upon aggregation and nitrate-nitrogen content of soil", "date": "1952", "keywords": "clay; days; effect; nitrogen; samples; soil; straw", "summary": "Generally, the degree of immobilization of soil nitrogen seemed largely to depend on the properties of soil and on other environmental conditions, and nitrogen applications, theoretically enough for the needs of microorganisms that decomposed the strawr , could not always prevent an intensive absorption of soil nitrogen. The silt soil used in the former experiment seems to have been richer in mo- bilizable nitrogen than the latter one, the finesand clay sample, since in the former the double amount of nitrogen fertilizers has been enough to maintain the level of nitrate-nitrogen equal to that in the untreated one.ln spite of nitrogen applications, after an incubation of 240 days no mineral nitrogen could be found in the finesand clay sample treated with straw.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71324", "words": "3688", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Salonen, Martti", "title": "Vaihtuvien em\u00e4sten ja vaihtuvan vedyn kokonaism\u00e4\u00e4rien k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 maan kalkintarpeen arvioimisessa", "date": "1952", "keywords": "bases; calcium; em\u00e4sten; eri; ett\u00e4; hydrogen; jos; kalkin; kalkintarpeen; kalkituksen; kuin; kun; liming; maan; mukaan; mutta; saatiin; sill\u00e4; soil; sum; vaihtuvan; vedyn", "summary": "tn ha kalkkikivijauhetta aiheuttamat muutokset vaihtuvien em\u00e4sten kokonaism\u00e4\u00e4riss\u00e4 ja vaihtuvan vedyn m\u00e4\u00e4riss\u00e4 eri maalajeilla. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 yhteydess\u00e4 kiinnostavin on kalkituksen aiheuttama muutos vaihtuvien em\u00e4s- ten ja vaihtuvan vedyn kokonaism\u00e4\u00e4riss\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71325", "words": "3583", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kananoja, Paavo", "title": "Karjantarkkailutoiminnan kustannukset tarkkailuvuosina 1948/49 ja 1949/50", "date": "1952", "keywords": "cost; cows; eri; ett\u00e4; h\u00e4meen; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kohti; koko; kuin; kustannukset; lehm\u00e4\u00e4; l\u00e4\u00e4nin; ovat; recording; suomen; valtion", "summary": "lehm\u00e4\u00e4 kohti sek\u00e4 pro- senttina kokonaiskustannuksista on muodostunut eri yhdistyksiss\u00e4 ja eri alueilla varsin erilaiseksi, kuten taulukko s:n luvuista k\u00e4y selville. 1948/49 608 mk ja tv.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71326", "words": "3532", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Vainikainen, Viljo ; Hakola, Rauha", "title": "Suomalaisen lampaan villasta ja sen tuotantoon vaikuttavista ulkonaisista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4", "date": "1952", "keywords": "aineistoon; als; bei; dass; der; des; die; eri; ett\u00e4; gewesen; hat; ist; kes\u00e4kauden; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kuten; lampaan; lampaiden; mukaan; ole; olleet; ollut; ovat; schafe; sek\u00e4; sind; suomalaisen; talvija; tutkimuksessa; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; und; villan; villasta; von; wolle", "summary": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n mukaan ovat lampaat kes\u00e4kautena 100 p\u00e4iv\u00e4ss\u00e4 tuottaneet keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 966.8+24.0 g villaa sek\u00e4 talvikautena vastaavasti 601 +2l g ja kev\u00e4t- kautena 476.6+23 g. Kes\u00e4kaudella on siis ratkaiseva osuus villantuotannossamme. Edell\u00e4 on toisessa yhteydess\u00e4 jo todettu, ett\u00e4 ep\u00e4edulliset ulkonaiset tekij\u00e4t vaikuttavat haitallisesti talvi- ja kev\u00e4tvillan tuotantom\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n T\u00e4st\u00e4 syyst\u00e4 on seu- 160 VILJO VAINIKAINEN JA RAUHA HAKOLA raavassa villan hienouden ja m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n v\u00e4list\u00e4 vuorosuhdetta laskettaessa k\u00e4ytetty yksinomaan kes\u00e4kauden aineistoa, ja on r:n arvoksi saatu + Mainitusta kertoimesta, joka on lukuarvoltaan merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4n korkea, samalla kun se on mate- maattisesti varma, ilmenee selv\u00e4sti, ett\u00e4 villan muuttuessa karkeammaksi, villa- m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71327", "words": "2016", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Paloheimo, Lauri; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne", "title": "The rate of passage of food in the digestive tract of ruminants", "date": "1952", "keywords": "daily; food; hay; matter; rumen; time; tract", "summary": "The German authors especially express the rate of passage of food residues through the alimentary canal either as the time between the ingestion of a food portion and the first appearance of its residues in the faeces or as the time between ingestion and the last finding of the residues in the faeces. Poij\u00e4rvi in his experiments with wethers using chromium oxide as tracer tested the delay of food residues in the digestive tract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71328", "words": "1910", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Saarinen, P.", "title": "Preliminary study of the relationships between the blood mineral composition of dairy cows and the milk and milk fat yield simultaneously obtained", "date": "1952", "keywords": "blood; calcium; fat; milk; study", "summary": "The amounts of blood minerals are expressed on the axes of abscissas in terms of milligram equivalents per liter of blood. The fluctuations in the amount of blood minerals however may either have direct effects on milk secretion, e.g. by changing the electric charges of colloids, or they may be secondary, e.g. subordinate to variations in the hormonal control.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71329", "words": "1741", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Lonka, T.", "title": "Maidon rasvan ja valkuaisen keskin\u00e4isest\u00e4 suhteesta", "date": "1952", "keywords": "eri; ett\u00e4; fat; kuin; maidon; my\u00f6s; niin; perusteella; rasvaja; rasvan; rasvapitoisuuden; valkuaispitoisuuden; valkuaista", "summary": "Kysymyst\u00e4 k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4t tutkimukset viittaavat siis siihen, ett\u00e4 maidon rasva- ja valkuaispitoisuus periytyv\u00e4t ainakin osaksi itsen\u00e4isesti toisistaan riippumatta. Analyysit on suoritettu Valion Tampereen laboratoriossa ja on valkuaispitoisuus m\u00e4\u00e4ritetty n.s. formaliinititrausta k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en sek\u00e4 maidon rasvapitoisuus Gerber- menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71330", "words": "2937", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Heinonen, Reijo", "title": "Mekaanisesta maa-analyysist\u00e4", "date": "1953", "keywords": "-m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; clay; ett\u00e4; fraktioiden; joka; maa; min; mmm; mutta; paino; sand; sek; seulan; soil; suspension; t\u00e4ll\u00f6in; weight", "summary": "2 mm;n seulan l\u00e4p\u00e4issytt\u00e4 ainesta punnitaan 100 g ja siit\u00e4 seulotaan vedell\u00e4 jakuivana 0.6 mm, 0.2 mm ja 0.06 mm fraktiot. ja 8 t. kuuluvat, saadaan j\u00e4lemp\u00e4n\u00e4 esitetyn asetelman mukaan alifraktioiden laskeutumisajoiksi 50 sek:n asemesta 29 sek.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71331", "words": "2875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Kurkela, Rakel; Korhonen, Eeva; Rossander, Marjatta; Roine, Paavo", "title": "Suomalaisen leiv\u00e4n fytiinihappopitoisuudesta", "date": "1953", "keywords": "acid; bread; content; eri; ett\u00e4; fytiinihapon; fytiinihaposta; fytiinihappopitoisuudesta; helsinki; jauhojen; kuin; leipien; leiv\u00e4n; meal; oli; rye; wheat", "summary": "T\u00e4st\u00e4 liuoksesta pipetoitiin 10 ml ja s\u00e4estet- tiin 2 mhlla FeCl 3-liuosta (pro 20 ml ja 4 ml). M\u00e4\u00e4ritykset suoritettiin kaikkiaan 30 happamasta ja happamattomasta leiv\u00e4st\u00e4, joista 21 n\u00e4ytett\u00e4 oli tehdasvalmisteista, 3 maalaisleip\u00e4\u00e4 ja 6 leip\u00e4\u00e4 valmistettiin itse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71332", "words": "1591", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Oksanen, Erkki H.", "title": "Havaintoja pihatoista kylmill\u00e4 seuduilla", "date": "1953", "keywords": "barns; housing; kuin; kuivikemenekki; lehmien; lehm\u00e4t; loose; mukaan; mutta; pihaton; pihatossa; pihatto; suurempi", "summary": "On my\u00f6s v\u00e4itetty hein\u00e4nkulu- tuksen lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4n suuresti, ja lehmien k\u00e4rsiv\u00e4n kylmyydest\u00e4, tuotannon v\u00e4hene- v\u00e4n jne. laitteet ja karjanhoitot\u00f6iden j\u00e4rjestely.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71333", "words": "4799", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Gyllenberg, Helge; Rossander, Marjatta; Roine, Paavo", "title": "Askorbiinihapon ja dehydroaskorbiinihapon m\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4 maidossa eri k\u00e4sittely- ja s\u00e4ilytysvaiheissa", "date": "1953", "keywords": "acid; ascorbic; ascorbic acid; content; dehydroascorbic; dehydroaskorbiinihapon; effect; ett\u00e4; hand; kokeen; kokonais; kuin; kuitenkin; maidon; maidossa; milk; mutta; my\u00f6s; oli; ovat; reduction; sen; siten; total; t\u00e4t\u00e4; vaikutus; vitamiinin; vitamin; vitamin c", "summary": "N\u00e4iss\u00e4 koe-olosuhteissa on siis askorbiinihappo p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa hapettunut dehydroaskorbiinihapoksi, jota tapah- tumaa ruskea lasi on selv\u00e4sti ehk\u00e4issyt, ja dehydroaskorbiinihapon edelleen muut- tumista on tapahtunut melko v\u00e4h\u00e4isess\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ss\u00e4. Tutkittaessa valon vaikutusta askorbiinihapon ja dehydroaskorbiinihapon m\u00e4\u00e4riin maidossa todettiin varjostetun p\u00e4iv\u00e4nvalon aiheuttavan p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa askor- biinihapon hapettumista dehydroaskorbiinihapoksi, kokonais-C-vitamimipitoisuu- den s\u00e4ilyess\u00e4 l\u00e4hes muuttumattomana.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71334", "words": "7416", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Juusela, Taneli ", "title": "Salaojituskoetoiminnasta Suomessa", "date": "1953", "keywords": "area; avo; clay; depth; distance; drainage; drains; edell\u00e4; eri; esim; ett\u00e4; farms; field; figure; helsinki; juusela; kaikkiaan; koetoiminnan; kuin; kuva; k\u00e4ytetty; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en; lis\u00e4ksi; l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; methods; mukaan; my\u00f6s; nykyisin; oli; ollut; ovat; perusteella; ruotsissa; salaojien; sek\u00e4; selvittely\u00e4; sen; soil; suomessa; syvyys; tai; taneli; trials; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; vain; varsin; varten; vuoden; vuoksi; vuosina; yhteydess\u00e4", "summary": "Salaojien et\u00e4isyydet ja ojam\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 hehtaaria kohden laskettuna ovat etel\u00e4-Suomen olosuhteissa t\u00e4rkeimmill\u00e4 maalajeilla nykyisin seuraavat (9): Kuva 1. 115SALAOJ ITUSKOETOIMINNASTA SUOMESSA 116 TANELI JUUSELA tiivis hietasavi 18 m 600 m/ha tiivis hiesusavi 14 \u00bb 650 \u00bb aitosavi 16 \u00bb 600 \u00bb l\u00f6yh\u00e4 hieta 30 \u00bb 350 \u00bb urpahiesu 40 \u00bb 300 \u00bb urpasavi 80 \u00bb 200 \u00bb muta 30 \u00bb 360 \u00bb rahka 20 \u00bb 500 \u00bb Ojaet\u00e4isyydess\u00e4 viimeisten 20 vuoden kuluessa tapahtuneet t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t muutokset ovat olleet sen lis\u00e4\u00e4minen 1930-luvulla urpasavessa 30 m:sta 80 rnhin ja urpasavi- hiesussa 20 m:sta 40 m;iin sek\u00e4 sen pienent\u00e4minen viime vuosina rahkasoilla 30 m:sta 20 m\u00e4in (13, 14 ja 17).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71335", "words": "3304", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "Suomessa viljeltyjen omenalajikkeiden s\u00e4ilyvyydest\u00e4 varastossa", "date": "1953", "keywords": "antonovka; apples; ett\u00e4; hedelmien; hedelm\u00e4n; herttoniemi; jonathan; kaneli; kokeissa; lind\u00f6; oli; olivat; omenien; osa; punainen; storage; table; tai; taul; tikkurila; varastossa; \u00e5ker\u00f6", "summary": "Koeaineisto varastoitiin lokakuun alussa ja omenien analysointi tapahtui 15. 11, 19. 12, 27. 1, 8. 3 ja 18.4. Toisella sijalla olivat Antonovka ja \u00c5ker\u00f6; viimeksi mainittu pilaantui sangen voimakkaasti Tikkurilassa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71336", "words": "2173", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kivinen, Erkki I.", "title": "The causes of the black stem rust epidemic in Finland in summer 1931", "date": "1953", "keywords": "air; august; epidemic; finland; rust; south; spores; stem; winds", "summary": "In Finland Southwest air currents are general in laste summer. Winds in the upper air calculated with the aid of gradient winds for the Baltic Sea area, August 10\u201414, 1951.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71337", "words": "2366", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Ritvanen, Tyyne", "title": "Vorbereitende versuche zur Anwendung von tetrazoliumchlorid bei Schnellbestimmung der Keimf\u00e4higkeit von timothee", "date": "1953", "keywords": "als; auf; bei; das; dass; den; der; des; die; keimf\u00e4higkeit; man; nach; samen; sich; timothee; und; versuche; von", "summary": "Die Feststellung der Keimf\u00e4higkeit der Spinatsamen nach dem topographischen Tetrazoliumverfahren. Die Erprobung der Reduktionsmethode wurde des weiteren veranlasst durch die Kenntnis dessen, dass der Anteil der Frost-", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71338", "words": "3658", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "S\u00e4k\u00f6, Jaakko", "title": "Siemenperusrunkojen vaikutus omenapuiden satovaihteluihin", "date": "1953", "keywords": "apple; crops; ett\u00e4; kokonaissadot; lajikkeen; lepaan; miron; ole; omenapuiden; ovat; puiden; puun; puut; ruutu; satoa; siemenperusrungoille; snygg; sokeri; total; trees; vartettujen; years", "summary": "Parhaiten s\u00e4ilyiv\u00e4t n\u00e4iden tal- vien yli lajikkeet Lepaan Meloni, Sokeri Miron ja Snygg. Lajike ja puun N:o Variety and no. of tret Kokonaissadot vuosina.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71339", "words": "4552", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Riehm, Dr. H.", "title": "Jordunders\u00f6kningar i Tyskland och deras betydelse f\u00f6r det praktiska jordbruket", "date": "1953", "keywords": "att; bild; den; der; dessa; det; detta; die; endast; ett; fosforsyra; f\u00f6r; genom; g\u00f6dsling; har; icke; jordens; kan; man; med; mycket; och; olika; sig; som; tyskland; und; vid; \u00e4ro; \u00e4ven", "summary": "i regel proven till 20 cm djup, p\u00e5 betesmark d\u00e4remot endast till 10 cm djup, p\u00e5 grund av att rotskiktet d\u00e4r \u00e4r s\u00e5 mycket tunnare. Den ringa anv\u00e4ndningen av handelsg\u00f6dsel i Sydtyskland f\u00f6rorsakas av att g\u00e5r- darna i jordbruken inom detta omr\u00e5de \u00e4ro mindre, och framf\u00f6rallt av den l\u00e5ngt drivna \u00e4gosplittringen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71340", "words": "2570", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Laine, Tauno", "title": "Menetelm\u00e4 laidunnurmen keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ist\u00e4 kasvua kuvaavan k\u00e4yr\u00e4n laatimiseksi", "date": "1953", "keywords": "average; curve; ett\u00e4; growth; kasvu; keskikasvuk\u00e4yr\u00e4; keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ist\u00e4; kuin; kun; k\u00e4yr\u00e4n; merkit\u00e4\u00e4n; mukaan; nurmen; ollut; period; saadaan; sato; sek\u00e4; siemenseoskokeen; voidaan", "summary": "Seuraavassa esitet\u00e4\u00e4n menetelm\u00e4, jossa keski- m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isen kasvun k\u00e4yr\u00e4ll\u00e4 pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n kuvaamaan nurmen kasvua ja sadon suuruutta sek\u00e4 niitett\u00e4vist\u00e4 ett\u00e4 el\u00e4inryhmill\u00e4 laidunnettavista kokeista pit\u00e4en l\u00e4ht\u00f6kohtana Rappeh esitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4 nurmen kasvun kuvaamistapaa. Jotta keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ist\u00e4 kasvua osoittavan k\u00e4yr\u00e4n piirt\u00e4minen saataisiin mahdolli- simman v\u00e4h\u00e4t\u00f6iseksi, on laskumenetelmien suorittamiseen ja k\u00e4yr\u00e4n piirt\u00e4mistek- niikkaan kiinnitett\u00e4v\u00e4 huomiota.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71341", "words": "3582", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Saarinen, Pellervo", "title": "A statistical study of the interrelations between certain mineral constituents of the blood of dairy cows", "date": "1953", "keywords": "blood; calcium; chlorides; excess; sodium", "summary": "The statistical dependence of blood chlorides (x 4) on blood calcium (x 4), sodium (x 2), the cation excess (x 3) and inorganic phosphates in the blood (x 5) is presented in table 4. The positive statistical correlation of blood calcium and sodium, as well as the negative statistical correlation of blood chlorides, and the excess of cations in the blood to the inorganic phosphates will also be observed in this table.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71342", "words": "11445", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Suomela, Samuli", "title": "Karjattoman maanviljelyn taloudellisista edellytyksist\u00e4 Suomessa", "date": "1953", "keywords": "arvioitu; cattle; change; edellytyksist\u00e4; ennen; eri; esitetty; etel\u00e4; ett\u00e4; farming; farms; finland; huomioon; joilla; jotka; j\u00e4lkeen; karjaa; karjattomaan; karjattomaan talouteen; karjattomaksi; karjattomaksi siirtymisen; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kohden; koko; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannusten; laskettu; lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; maanviljelyn; mit\u00e4; muiden; mukaan; muutos; my\u00f6s; ole; olisi; olleet; ollut; osa; osalta; otettu; ovat; perusteella; samuli; sek\u00e4; shssa; siirtymisen; siit\u00e4; size; suomen; suomessa; suuruusluokassa; tai; taloudellisista; talouden; talouteen; tapahtunut; tapauksissa; tuoton; tutkituilla; ty\u00f6ntekij\u00f6iden; vaikka; vain; varsin; viljelmien; viljelmill\u00e4; viljelm\u00e4\u00e4; voidaan; vuoksi; vuosina; v\u00e4heneminen; yhteydess\u00e4", "summary": "Viljelyala % peltoalasta Proportion of cultivated area of the total arable area Alue ja Ruis ja suuruus- 1 juuri- Muut , , , vehn\u00e4 Ohra Kaura Rypsi Peruna J Kesantoluokka J 1 i.-cvif kasvit , Rye and Harley Oats Rape Potatoes ' FallowZone and \\ Koof crops Other crops , wheat \u2022 \u2018 \u2018 size class 1 2 3 12 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 I 2 3 1 2 3 12 3 E-S I 9 12 19 O 4 6 18 29 18 2 6 8 7 7 7 3 3 1 0 Ohran, kauran ja peru- nan hinnat ovat Pellervo-Seuran markkinatutkimuslaitoksen laskemia tilivuodelta 1952\u201453, ja leip\u00e4viljan ja rypsin hinnat syksyll\u00e4 1953 vahvistetuista hinnoista las- kettuja tuottajahintoja.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71343", "words": "3100", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Paloheimo, Lauri", "title": "Some persistent misconceptions concerning the crude fibre and the nitrogen-free extract", "date": "1953", "keywords": "crude; der; die; extract; fibre; lignin; membrane; method; substances; und; weende", "summary": "It is significant that moreover the term Holzfaser, which was later used as a synonym of the term Rohfaser (\u2014\u25a0 crude fibre), in the early eighteen hundreds was taken to mean the whole cell membrane substance (Czapek he.). H. Davy was probably the first to use the term crude fibre (ref.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71344", "words": "4807", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Paatela, Juhani; Eskola, Helvi; Mantere, Martti", "title": "Mahdollisuuksista tuottaa sokerijuurikkaan siement\u00e4 kasvupaikallaan talvehtineista juurikkaista Suomessa", "date": "1953", "keywords": "11\u201420; beet; ett\u00e4; juurikkaat; keskim; kuin; kylv\u00f6; nation; ollut; ovat; overwintering; sato; seed; seeding; siement\u00e4; sokerijuurikkaan; sugar; vyys; weight", "summary": "Huonoon talvehtimiseen on saattanut vaikut- taa paitsi ep\u00e4edulliset s\u00e4\u00e4olot ja juurikkaiden huomattava koko varsinkin 1. Koeruudut ovat olleet 18 m2:n suuruisia (20x0.9 m) ja niit\u00e4 on kylvetty kolme kerrannaista.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71345", "words": "4113", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kaila, Armi; K\u00f6ylij\u00e4rvi, Jaakko; Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Influence of temperature upon the mobilization of nitrogen in peat", "date": "1953", "keywords": "ammonia; losses; matter; nitrogen; peat; samples; temperatures", "summary": "Acidity and losses of dry matter and total nitrogen in peat samples treated by moist heat for two hours SC-peat BC-peat Losses of Losses of Temperature dry , XT dry , , - TpH tot. ISr matter r matter o'o' 0 ' 0 ' ,0 O O ,0 7\u00f6 : 4.53 0 0 4.91 1 0 100- 4.41 1 0 4.85 1 0 120c 4.49 1 0 4.80 3 0 ARMI KAILA, JAAKKO K\u00d6 YLIJ\u00c4RVI AND ERKKI KIVINEN44 Table 6, Acidity and losses of dry matter and total nitrogen in peat samples treated by dry heat for three hours.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71346", "words": "2673", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "Black rust and occurrence of Berberidaceae in Finland", "date": "1953", "keywords": "1952; barberry; finland; rust; wheat", "summary": "However it has not been established that the uredospores of wheat black rust (P. graminis tritici Eriks. & Henn.) In the same year black rust caused great damage also in other Northern Countries, in Sweden (8) and in Denmark (1, 6).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71347", "words": "1749", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ", "title": "Isopropyylifenyylikarbamaatin vaikutuksesta apilam\u00e4t\u00e4sieneen (Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss.)", "date": "1953", "keywords": "apilan; auf; der; des; die; hapon; i.p.c; oli; puna; tabelle; taul; vaikutus", "summary": "My\u00f6s suuremmat Weedar- ja Weedone-annokset vaikuttivat hyvin myrkyllisesti apilam\u00e4t\u00e4sieneen. ja 30.8. 5.7 (3.0\u20148.5)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71348", "words": "5061", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Yhdysvaltain soista", "date": "1953", "keywords": "eritt\u00e4in; erkki; etenkin; ett\u00e4; everglades; floridan; hyvin; jopa; kuin; kuva; k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n; lis\u00e4ksi; michiganissa; milj; muck; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; niiden; niin; ole; olevan; ovat; paikoin; peat; runsaasti; ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n; sek\u00e4; sen; siell\u00e4; soiden; soil; soilla; soita; suon; suot; tai; tavataan; turve; usein; vain; verraten; voidaan; yhdysvaltain", "summary": "1953 Seuraava esitys perustuu osittain niihin havaintoihin, joita kirjoittaja teki syksyll\u00e4 1951 Yhdysvaltain eri puolille suuntautuneen matkansa ohella, osittain ja luonnollisesti suurelta osalta kirjallisuuteen. Suurim- man kannatuksen on saavuttanut termi organic soil ja toiselle sijalle on tullut peat soil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71349", "words": "3032", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Vaarama, Antero", "title": "The effect of aneuploidy upon the progeny of an autotetraploid Ribes nigrum", "date": "1953", "keywords": "chromosome; effect; growth; number; plants; types", "summary": "The rate of growth is one of the characters apt to exhibit differences between even and aneuploid chromosome types. Cryptic polyploidy and variation of chromosome number in Ribes nigrum.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71350", "words": "3569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Paloheimo, Lauri; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne; Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Some observations on the transport of food in the alimentary canal of the rat", "date": "1954", "keywords": "food; hours; intestine; matter; meal; minutes; p.c; stomach; transport", "summary": "Evans 3, p. 838) 1 state that after large meals the emptying time of the stomach is longer in most subjects than after small meals. \u00f6 x= pylorus small intestine", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71351", "words": "1099", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Heinonen, Reijo; Pukkala, Risto", "title": "Seasonal variation in soil structure", "date": "1954", "keywords": "aggregation; moisture; plot; porosity; soil; variation", "summary": "The pH of different plots was as follows; 1. pH 6.9, 2. Some- what parallel changes took place in different plots and horizons.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71352", "words": "3164", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Viita, Pentti", "title": "Maatalous Suomen kansantulolaskelmissa", "date": "1954", "keywords": "agriculture; edell\u00e4; eri; er\u00e4n; esim; ett\u00e4; hy\u00f6dykkeiden; income; joka; kansantulolaskelmissa; kuin; kuitenkin; k\u00e4ytetty; laskelmien; maatalouden; mutta; myynti; my\u00f6s; national; nettokansantuote; ovat; perusteella; saadaan; sek\u00e4; sen; suomen", "summary": "Tuottojen puolella er\u00e4 \u00bbmaataloustuotteiden myynti ja viljelij\u00e4n oma k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00bb on t\u00e4rkein, sill\u00e4 t\u00e4h\u00e4n ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n kuuluvat mm. seuraavat maataloustuotteet; maito, kotivoi ja kotijuusto hedelm\u00e4t, marjat ja hunaja kananmunat, liha, vuodat ja villa kukat ja koristekasvit vilja, peruna ja sokerijuurikas siemenet ja rehut vihannekset turkikset ja kotiel\u00e4inten myynti muille sekto- kehruu- V. 1938 hinnoissa laskettujen bruttotulojen yleinen suunta on tosin ollut v. 1920\u20141926 nouseva, mutta samanaikaisesti kohoaa v\u00e4kilantojen ja ulko- maisten rehujen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 nopeasti.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71353", "words": "3135", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Mantere, Martti", "title": "Sokeri juurikaskantojen aikaisuuden vertailu", "date": "1954", "keywords": "den; der; des; die; eri; ett\u00e4; hyvin; juuren; kuin; mutta; my\u00f6s; naatin; ole; ovat; piirros; pol; p\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4; satoisilla; und; vegetationsperiode; vuoden; vuosina; v\u00e4lill\u00e4", "summary": "Vuosien 1947\u201449 koesarjassa oli 6 j\u00e4sent\u00e4: kaksi hyvin sokeripitoista, El3 ja E 15, kaksi sokeripitoisuudeltaan keskinkertaista parempaa, K 7 ja K 10, sek\u00e4 kaksi pieniprosenttista, satoisaa, EH 120 ja EH 472 (kuva 1). KasAmaikaa koskevia tutkimuksia on kuitenkin suoritettu, ja hyvin sokeri- pitoiset (ZZ-tyyppi) juurikkaat mainitaan aikaisin kypsyviksi ja pieniprosenttiset satoisat (E-tyyppi) my\u00f6h\u00e4isiksi (1, 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71354", "words": "1428", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ", "title": "Er\u00e4it\u00e4 lis\u00e4selvityksi\u00e4 vuoden 1953 perunarutto- [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] epidemian luonteesta", "date": "1954", "keywords": "aquila; blight; jokioisissa; my\u00f6s; oli; perunan; potato; table; taulukko", "summary": "Aquila potato in field experiments at Viik 1949. Aquila peruna Viikin koetilan kokeissa v. 1949 (Rutonarat lajikkeet Aquila-perunan molemmin puolin ovat ruton t\u00e4ysin kulottamia).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71355", "words": "3324", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Hietaranta, Matti; Niemel\u00e4, Kaleva", "title": "Rasva- ja valkuaisainepitoisuuden suhteesta suomalaisessa maidossa", "date": "1954", "keywords": "1945\u201446; casein; eri; ett\u00e4; fat; karjojen; kaseiinipitoisuuden; kuin; lehmien; maidon; maitojen; milk; mukaan; my\u00f6s; perusteella; protein; rasvaja; rasvapitoisuuden; t\u00e4m\u00e4; valkuaisainepitoisuuden; yksityisten", "summary": "Thom\u00e9 (10) on tutki- nut menetelm\u00e4n soveltuvuutta meijerien sekamaidon, karjojen maidon ja yksityis- ten lehmien maidon kaseiinipitoisuuden m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4miseen l\u00e4hinn\u00e4 meijeritekniikassa vaadittavaa tarkkuutta silm\u00e4ll\u00e4pit\u00e4en. Maidon rasva- ja valkuaisainepitoisuuden ja n\u00e4iden suhteen tuntemisella on merkityksens\u00e4 ensinn\u00e4kin maidon jalostusprosessien tarkkailussa, jossa pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n raaka-aineen mahdollisimman tarkkaan hyv\u00e4ksik\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71356", "words": "4776", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Iron as a disturbing factor in the determination of phosphate by the molybdenum blue method", "date": "1954", "keywords": "acid; concentration; effect; ferric; iron; molybdate; phosphorus; ppm; solutions", "summary": "T ISCHER (5) tried to mask ferric iron by potassium cyanide, but this procedure was suitable only for low iron concentrations. An increase in the amount of stannous ions is useful for ferric iron solutions of high phosphorus concentration, but increases the error if the phosphorus concentration is low.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71357", "words": "2984", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Kaarlehto, Paavo", "title": "Kysynn\u00e4n hintajoustavuuden m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4minen ja kysynn\u00e4n kausivaihtelu", "date": "1954", "keywords": "arvot; butter; demand; esim; ett\u00e4; figure; fluctuation; hinnan; hintajoustavuuden; hy\u00f6dykkeen; indices; jos; kausivaihtelun; kuitenkin; kuviossa; kysynn\u00e4n; muutokset; m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4minen; olisi; perusteella; price; quantities; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; varsin; voidaan; voin; vuoden", "summary": "Ajateltakoon esimerkiksi kysynn\u00e4n hintajoustavuuden m\u00e4\u00e4rityst\u00e4 varten ker\u00e4- tyksi tilastoaineistoa tietyn hy\u00f6dykkeen myyntim\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4 ja hinnoista ja n\u00e4m\u00e4 arvot sijoitetuksi hinta-m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 koordinaatistoon kuviossa 1. Maataloustuotteiden piiriss\u00e4 pysyt- t\u00e4ess\u00e4 antanee voin hinnan ja myyntim\u00e4\u00e4rien regressiosuhteen analysointi ehk\u00e4 parhainta selvityst\u00e4 t\u00e4ss\u00e4 suhteessa (vrt. 4, p. 103).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71358", "words": "6170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Pesola, Vilho A.; Veijola, Teemu", "title": "Vehn\u00e4n kvaliteettijalostuksesta ja sen tuloksista Suomessa", "date": "1954", "keywords": "baking; diam; ett\u00e4; hopea; jok; jokioisten; kauppaan; kimmo; kuin; leivontaominaisuuksiltaan; meill\u00e4; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; olympia; ovat; pesola; quality; sek\u00e4; sen; spring; tai; tammiston; taulukko; teemu; timantin; timantti; vakka; varieties; varma; varsin; vehn\u00e4n; veijola; vilho; wheat", "summary": "K\u00e4ytetyist\u00e4 tutkimusmenetelmist\u00e4 mainittakoon vain, ett\u00e4 Pelshenke-mene- telm\u00e4 on l\u00e4hinn\u00e4 kasvinjalostukseen tarkoitettu karkeapiirteinen pikamenetelm\u00e4 ja ett\u00e4 farinografilla saadaan ilmi l\u00e4hinn\u00e4 jauhon vedensitomiskyky sek\u00e4 taikinan kimmoisuus ja kest\u00e4vyys, mitk\u00e4 viimemainitut seikat voidaan tietyin tavoin farino- grammista lukien merkit\u00e4 ns. valorimetri- 1. hyvyyslukuna. Sopu-, Tammi-, Hopea- ja Kimmo-vehnist\u00e4 on rouhe- ja farinografituloksia runsaasti (taul.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71359", "words": "783", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "Ilman l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan mittaamisesta erilaisia s\u00e4teilysuojuksia k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en", "date": "1954", "keywords": "budig; ilman; mittarin; radiation; shield", "summary": "Behind: liquid reservoir provided with Budig shield; below: the same provided with cylindrical radiation shield over the grass field. Budig-suojus Vuorokausi yl\u00e4puolella suojus justa alapuolella Date Budig shield Cylindrical Without Budig shield above shield shield below 6. 5.\u201451 \u20142.0 \u20142.2 \u20142.4 \u20142.8 7. 5.\u201451 \u20145.4 \u20145.8 \u20146.4 -7.0 8.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71360", "words": "4817", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Barkoff, Eugen", "title": "Beitr\u00e4ge zur kalorimetrischen Humusbestimmung im Boden", "date": "1954", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; bei; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; dieser; durch; eine; f\u00fcr; humus; humusbestimmung; ist; man; methoden; min; nach; oxydation; schwefels\u00e4ure; tabelle; und; von; werden; wie; wird", "summary": "7H\u201eO. Das Oxydations-Reduktionspotential f\u00fcr dieses System ist: E = 1.36 + log n \u2022 F rCr+++] 2 Dieses Potential E zeigt die Intensit\u00e4t der Oxydationsf\u00e4higkeit in dem vorlie- genden System, und ihre St\u00e4rke ist bei der bestimmten Chromatkonzentration vor allem von der Aktivit\u00e4t der Wasserstoffionen und der Temperatur des Systems abh\u00e4ngig. werte der Vergleichsl\u00f6sungen, die man zu verschiedener", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71361", "words": "9964", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Varo, Mikko", "title": "Karjojen laadullisista eroista", "date": "1954", "keywords": "10\u201419; als; arvoja; arvojen; arvot; auf; bei; dass; der; des; die; eiv\u00e4t; el\u00e4inten; eri; eroista; eroja; erojen; ett\u00e4; herden; ilmeisesti; jos; j\u00e4lkel\u00e4isten; karjan; karjoissa; karjojen; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; keskituotosten; koko; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; k\u00fche; laadullisista; laadullisten; laadun; laatuerojen; laatuerot; lehm\u00e4n; leistungen; maidon; mittleren; mutta; my\u00f6s; niiden; niin; nyt; n\u00e4in; ole; olisi; osuus; ovat; pieniss\u00e4; qualit\u00e4tsunterschiede; relativen; rodun; saatu; saman; sen; sich; siit\u00e4; sind; sonnien; stand; suhteellisten; suurempi; suurissa; tabelle; tasossa; taulukko; tulokset; tulos; und; vain; voidaan; von; werte; yksil\u00f6iden; yksil\u00f6n", "summary": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n seikan mahdollisen vaikutuksen toteamiseksi verrattiin saman sonnin j\u00e4lke- l\u00e4isten asemaa toisaalta sek\u00e4 korkea- ett\u00e4 matalaprosenttisissa karjoissa ja n\u00e4it\u00e4 alemmassa tai ylemm\u00e4ss\u00e4 tasossa. T\u00e4ydennykseksi mainittakoon, ett\u00e4 kun laskettiin molempien vanhempien ja poikien suhteellisten arvojen korrelaatio ja keskituotosten ja suhteellisten arvojen painotus vaihteli 2:1, 1:1 ja 1:2, saatiin kertointen arvoiksi 0.33, 0.39 ja 0.43.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71362", "words": "1206", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Varo, Mikko", "title": "Sonnien j\u00e4lkel\u00e4isarvostelun tuloksista erilaisessa ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4 ", "date": "1954", "keywords": "der; die; eri; ett\u00e4; karjojen; korrelation; kuin; saatu; sonnien; tulokset; und; vuorosuhde; worden", "summary": "Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass, wenn die Auslese des Bullen auf Grund des Mittelwertes der einen Tochtergruppe geschehen w\u00e4re, die Auslese nach dem hohen Mittelleistungsniveau an der neuen Stelle praktisch gesehen keine besseren Niiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4 vallitsee kohtalaisen kiinte\u00e4 ja varma vuorosuhde, mik\u00e4 viittaa t\u00e4m\u00e4nkaltaisten rakenteellisten taipumusten melko vahvaan periyty- miseen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71363", "words": "4473", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Some observations on the occurrence of azotobacter in Finnish soils", "date": "1954", "keywords": "acid; agar; azotobacter; chroococcum; cultures; method; nitrogen; peat; phosphorus; samples; soil", "summary": "A number of soil samples representing different soil types were collected from various parts of the country and tested for the presence of Azotobacter species. Occurrence of Azotobacter in soil samples The agar plate method was chosen to show the presence or the absence of Azotohacter in the soil samples, because it was thought to offer some advantage as compared with the solution methods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71364", "words": "4179", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Poij\u00e4rvi, Ilmari", "title": "Beitr\u00e4ge zur Wirkung der Dauer der melkpause auf die Intensit\u00e4t der Milchsekretion des Kuheuters", "date": "1954", "keywords": "abendmelken; auf; bei; dass; dauer; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; gruppe; hat; ist; k\u00fche; man; melkenden; melkpause; milchleistung; milchsekretion; mit; nachtpause; nicht; oder; sich; sind; stunden; und; von; wurde; zur", "summary": "Die Versuche f\u00fchrten zu solchen Ergebnissen, dass die im Mittel etwa 16 kg melkenden Versuchsk\u00fche dieselbe Milchleistung gaben, unabh\u00e4ngig davon, ob die Pause zwischen Abend- Abweichungen von dieser Regel, die vorge- kommen sind, beruhen offenbar auf Zufall und sind keinesfalls von der H\u00f6he der Leistung abh\u00e4ngig gewesen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71365", "words": "5987", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Kaarlehto, P. H.", "title": "Maatalousmaan arvioimisesta Yhdysvalloissa", "date": "1954", "keywords": "appraisal; arvioimisesta; arvo; dollaria; edell\u00e4; erikoisesti; esim; esitt\u00e4\u00e4; ettei; ett\u00e4; farm; hintatason; jos; jotka; kauppahintoihin; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kuten; kysynt\u00e4; land; maan; maatalouden; maatalousmaan; mukaan; murray; my\u00f6s; n\u00e4inollen; ole; olisi; ovat; perusteella; pit\u00e4\u00e4; puhdasta; puhtaan; sek\u00e4; sen; siit\u00e4; sill\u00e4; siten; tai; tilan; tilojen; tulevaisuuden; tuoton; tuottoa; tuottoarvon; t\u00e4m\u00e4; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; vaikutus; varsin; voidaan; vuokralle; vuokran; yhdysvalloissa", "summary": "Sen perustana ovat tietyn tilajoukon suhteellisen tarkasti eritellyt ja ryhmitellyt mark- kinahinnat. Texasin valtiossa saatetaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 saman- aikaisesti 5 % ja 8 % korkokantoja.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71366", "words": "7322", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Soini, Sylvi; Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Influence of lime and fertilizers upon the mineralization of peat nitrogen in incubation experiments", "date": "1954", "keywords": "carex; csp; experiment; fen; incubation; mineral nitrogen; nitrogen; nitrogen content; peat nitrogen; peat samples; peats; samples; sphagnum; sphagnum peats", "summary": "According to the figures in Table 1 no marked limits existed between the characteristics of the groups of fen peats (samples I\u20144) and Sphagnum peats (samples 6\u2014B). snmm a r y An attempt has been made to elucidate the influence of lime and fertilizers upon the mineralization of peat nitrogen under laboratory conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71367", "words": "6068", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Ahlberg, Erkki", "title": "Korsiviljojen it\u00e4vyyden pikam\u00e4\u00e4ritys 2.3.5-trifenyltetrazoliumkloridilla", "date": "1954", "keywords": "bei; der; die; ett\u00e4; frostgesch\u00e4digt; fusarium; hallan; it\u00e4miskypsym\u00e4t\u00f6n; it\u00e4vyyden; joissa; keimf\u00e4higkeit; keimunreif; keskim; kohdalla; kuin; mit; mukaan; my\u00f6s; n\u00e4ytteet; n\u00e4ytteiden; olivat; ovat; proben; sandkeimbett; seed; siemen; siit\u00e4; tapauksessa; tetrazolium; tulokset; t\u00e4ysin; und; von", "summary": "81 88 + 7 85 + 4 9 , 1 K\u2018~\u00ab> 4 833 \u00bb 77 85 + 8 84 + 7 6 \u00bb 4 834 \u00bb 77 94 +l7 93 +l6 12 \u00bb 4 864 \u00bb 76 76+0 67 9 0 \u00bb 49 425 \u00bb 36 37 + 1 36 \u00b1 0 2 \u00bb 6 040 \u00bb 88 97 + 9 95 + 7 6 \u00bb Hallaa Frosigesch\u00e4digt 7 283 \u00bb 87 90 + 3 88 + 1 4 \u00bb \u00bb 7 335 \u00bb 86 94 + 8 91+5 5 \u00bb \u00bb 7 125 -> 84 93 + 9 90 + 6 9 ,> \u00bb 6 772 \u00bb 83 86 + 3 83 \u00b10 11 \u00bb \u00bb 5 999 \u00bb 83 91 + 8 89 + 6 7 \u00bb \u00bb 7 339 \u00bb 74 82 + 8 80 + 6 ll \u00bb \u00bb 7 288 \u00bb 72 77 + 5 75 + 3 7 \u00bb \u00bb 6 008 \u00bb 70 76 + 6 73 + 3 7 .1 ,> 6 791 \u25a0> 69 71 + 2 70 + 1 6 \u00bb \u00bb Keskim Durchschn. Fusarium 7 629 * 92 96 + 4 92 + 0 1 It\u00e4miskypsym\u00e4t\u00f6n Keimunreif 7 753 \u00bb 92 97 + 5 88 4 0 \u00bb \u00bb 30 961 -> 92 98 + 6 92 + 0 1 49 907 \u00bb 92 94 + 2 92 + 0 0 It\u00e4miskypsym\u00e4t\u00f6n Keimunreif 6 388 \u00bb 91 97 + 6 94 + 3 0 \u00bb \u00bb 3 565 \u00bb 90 96 + 6 91 + 1 4 368 \u00bb 90 98 + 8 98 + 8 2 137 \u00bb 89 96 + 7 88 1 2 923 \u00bb 88 90 + 2 86 2 5 843 \u00bb 88 96 + 8 78 \u2014lO 0 5 100 \u00bb 87 94 + 7 91 + 4 0 Fusarium 5 842 \u00bb 87 94 + 7 80 7 0 It\u00e4miskypsym\u00e4t\u00f6n Keimunreif 6 669 \u00bb 87 87 + 0 80 7 0 4 659 \u00bb 86 92 + 6 88 + 2 0 7 482 \u00bb 84 83 1 79 5 2 49 900 \u00bb 83 83 \u00b1 0", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71368", "words": "1186", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Suomela, Hilkka; K\u00e4m\u00e4r\u00e4inen, Pentti; Paloheimo, Lauri", "title": "Kokeita ns. Promeca-rehulla", "date": "1954", "keywords": "aikana; annettiin; food; kokeen; oli; promeca; p\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4; rehua; ryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4", "summary": "KOKEITA NS. PROMECA-REHULLA Hilkka Suomela, Pentti K\u00e4m\u00e4r\u00e4inen ja Lauri Paloheimo Koti el\u00e4intieteellinen laitos, Helsingin yliopisto Saapunut 31.3. 1954 Professori V. M. Klemola on hakenut ja saanut patentin1 rehuaineseokselle r joka sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 melassia, kalsiumkloridia ja vehn\u00e4nlesett\u00e4. Kumpaankin kuului 3 t\u00e4ysi- kasvuista tiinett\u00e4 ja 3 vajaan vuoden vanhaa ei-tiinett\u00e4 el\u00e4int\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71369", "words": "1060", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Hintikka, Viljo ", "title": "Lauri Aleksanteri Keso", "date": "1955", "keywords": "als; auch; der; des; die; h\u00e4n; keso; oli; salaojitusyhdistyksen; sek\u00e4; und", "summary": "Pietarsaaren konepajan johtokunnan j\u00e4senen\u00e4 1933 1935, Maatalous- koneiden tutkimuslaitoksen johtokunnan j\u00e4senen\u00e4 ja Keskin\u00e4isen Vakuutusyhti\u00f6 Kalevan hallintoneuvoston j\u00e4senen\u00e4 vuodesta 1947 l\u00e4htien. Keso syventyi koko h\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4isen luonteensa sitkey- dell\u00e4 ja tiedemiehen lahjomattomuudella salaojituskysymyksiin, huomioiden niiss\u00e4 meik\u00e4l\u00e4iset erikoiset olosuhteet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71370", "words": "5557", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kaivola, Aimo", "title": "Sokerijuurikkaan kasvukehitys vuosina 1950-1954 ja sadon arvioiminen kasvukaudella viikkon\u00e4ytteiden perusteella", "date": "1955", "keywords": "1950\u20141954; alussa; der; die; eli; elokuun; eri; ett\u00e4; huomattavasti; juuren; juurikkaan; juurikkaiden; kasvukauden; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; keskipaino; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; lis\u00e4kasvu; lokakuun; menness\u00e4; mukaan; my\u00f6s; naatin; noin; nostoaikana; oli; ollut; ovat; painon; perusteella; saadaan; sek\u00e4; september; sokerijuurikkaan; syyskuun; todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti; turengin; und; viikkon\u00e4ytteiden; voidaan; vuonna; vuosina; wurzel; yleens\u00e4", "summary": "alkanut hiljal- leen laskea yhteytt\u00e4mistoiminnan ollessa hidasta ja juurikkaan imiess\u00e4 vett\u00e4. St. sek\u00e4 todettu lis\u00e4kasvu nostoaikaan menness\u00e4 viiten\u00e4 vuotena keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin ja er\u00e4in\u00e4 eniten poikkeuksellisina vuosina.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71371", "words": "6097", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Virtanen, Oili", "title": "Determination of organic phosphorus in samples of peat soils", "date": "1955", "keywords": "acid; alkali; determination; extraction; method; peat; phosphorus; results; samples; soils; total", "summary": "106 ARMI KAILA and OILI VIRTANEN When new methods for the determination of soil organic phosphorus are repor- ted their superiority to the older procedures is demonstrated by comparing the results obtained by these methods from various soils. Generally the determination of soil organic phosphorus by two methods requires too much work and it is necessary to choose one of the methods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71372", "words": "10918", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Saarinen, Pellervo", "title": "Diet and plasma cholesterol in dairy cows", "date": "1955", "keywords": "barren; blood; cholesterol; cholesterol content; content; cows; crude; dig; energy; fat; intake; level; plasma; plasma cholesterol; ration; results; trials", "summary": "+0.1315 r ]4..,_ =+0.1566 r,...,, -+0.3190 r 16;24 =+0.0993 rl2 ! r 14;236 =+0.1343 r 15;236 +0.5985 r l6; ., :J5 =+0.5847 r 12;356 -\u00b0' 1157 r i3;256 =+o-1668 r 14;256 +0.1788 r 15;246 =+0.6218 r l6; .>45", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71373", "words": "4906", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Lampila, Martti", "title": "Preliminary studies on the variations of pH and volatile fatty acid concentration of the rumen contents of the cow", "date": "1955", "keywords": "acidity; acids; curves; feeding; fig; fodder; measurements; rumen; rumen contents", "summary": "Hours after Sampling pH Difference feeding place jn pp[ un j-t;S in rumen in vivo in vitro Top 5.25 5.40 + 0.15 Bottom 5.95 6.60 + 0.65 Top 5.50 5.70 + 0.20 Bottom 6.25 6.80 + 0.55 Top 5.90 6.15 + 0.25 Rumen digestion in the bovine with some observations on the digestibility of alfalfa ha}'.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71374", "words": "1599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "Pystysuorasta l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan jakaantumisesta maan pinnasta yl\u00f6sp\u00e4in ja sen merkityksest\u00e4 hallantorjunnassa", "date": "1955", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; kuva; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan; maan; oli; ollut; pystysuora; sen; temperature; tuulen", "summary": "Uloss\u00e4teilytyypin vallitessa l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila on taas alhaisin maan rajassa ja nousee yl\u00f6s p\u00e4in. = l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila minimin esiintymis- korkeudella, t 3, tU) ja t, 5 = l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila 3, 10 ja 15 m:n korkeudella minimist\u00e4 yl\u00f6sp\u00e4in.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71375", "words": "5121", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ; Laurila, Kaiho", "title": "Tulvaniittytutkimuksia Helsingin Yliopiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemess\u00e4", "date": "1955", "keywords": "abb; bestand; der; die; ged\u00fcngt; hyvin; joka; kaiho; koetilalla; kuin; kuitenkin; kuva; lannoitettu; lannoituksen; muddusniemen; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; poa; pohjakallio; pratensis; p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa; sadon; sato; sen; taul; taulukko; tulvaniityn; und; vaikutus; vain; veden; vrt; vuosina", "summary": "T\u00e4- m\u00e4n saraikon korkeus ja tiheys oli hyvin vaihtelevaa. Wasser Anfang Juni 19-52 Tutkimusten tulosten tarkastelua Tutkitusta tulvaniittyalueesta oli n. 2/3 vesisaraikkoa, 1/5 korteikkoa, vajaa 1/10 maasaraikkoa ja n. 1/25 hein\u00e4kasviniitty\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71376", "words": "2522", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "H\u00e5rdh, J. E.", "title": "Sokerimaissin viljelyst\u00e4 sek\u00e4 sit\u00e4 haittaavista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4", "date": "1955", "keywords": "alberta; botrytis; cinerea; corn; early; ett\u00e4; fusarium; it\u00e4vyys; maan; oli; ovat; sek\u00e4; sen; sokerimaissin; tikkurilassa; t\u00e4hk\u00e4n; vuonna", "summary": "Kirjallisuudessa esitettyjen tietojen mukaisesti (2) annettiin maissille kumpanakin koevuonna 70 t karjanlantaa, 700 kg Y-lannoitetta (sis. 7% N, 6.5 % P 20 5 , 18.5 % K 2O) ja 100 kg kotkafosfaattiahehtaa- ria kohden. Early Alberta oli v. 1953 kokeilluista sokerimaissilajikkeista satoisin ja aikaisin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71377", "words": "551", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "31", "author": "Juntunen, Martta", "title": "Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6t", "date": "1955", "keywords": "joka; sek\u00e4; seuran; tai; tavalla; toimitetaan; vuosikokouksessa", "summary": "\u00a7\u25a0 Seuran vakinaiset kokoukset pidet\u00e4\u00e4n joka tai joka toinen kuukausi syyskuun ensimm\u00e4isen ja kes\u00e4kuun ensimm\u00e4isen p\u00e4iv\u00e4n v\u00e4lisen\u00e4 aikana. 2 \u00a7\u2022 Tarkoitustaan koettaa seura toteuttaa etup\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 toimittamalla julkaisuja; j\u00e4rjest\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 kokouksia esitelmineen, tiedonantoineen ja keskusteluilleen; toimeenpanemalla tiedusteluja (enqu\u00e9te); avustamalla tutkimuksia ja kokeita sek\u00e4 jakamalla stipendej\u00e4 ja liittym\u00e4ll\u00e4 yhteistoimintaan samanlaisten koti- sek\u00e4 ulkomaisten seurojen kanssa. 3 \u00a7\u2022 Seura kutsuu vakinaiseksi j\u00e4seneksi kotimaisen henkil\u00f6n, joka voi edist\u00e4\u00e4 seuran tarkoitusta; kirjeenvaihtajaj\u00e4seneksi ulkomaisen tutkijan, jonka toiminta on edist\u00e4nyt seu- ran tarkoitusta; kunniaj\u00e4seneksi koti- tai ulkomaisen henkil\u00f6n, jota seura erikoisesti tahtoo kunnioittaa; sek\u00e4 kannattajaj\u00e4seneksi seuran tarkoitusper\u00e4\u00e4 harrastavan henkil\u00f6n, joka sitoutuu kerta kaikkiaan maksamaan v\u00e4hint\u00e4in 2.500 markkaa tai viiden vuoden aikana vuo- sittain v\u00e4hint\u00e4in 500 markkaa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71378", "words": "1614", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Hietaranta, Martti", "title": "Gustaf Adolf Bredenberg", "date": "1955", "keywords": "bredenberg; der; die; ett\u00e4; gustaf; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; jahre; kun; matti; meijeriopin; milchwirtschaft; oli; professor; seine; studien; und; viel\u00e4; von; yliopistossa", "summary": "Bredenbergs wissenschaftliches Schaffen beginnt mit seiner Doktorarbeit, die in die Zeit fiel, in der der Durchbruch der exakten Naturwissenschaften auch auf dem Gebiet der Land- und Milchwirtschaft vor sich ging. opettajana ja meijeriopin lehtorina Kurkijoen ylemm\u00e4ss\u00e4 maanviljelys- koulussa v. 1897\u201498, jonka viimeksi mainitun oppilaitoksen meijerikoulun johta- jana ja ensimm\u00e4isen\u00e4 opettajana h\u00e4n oli nelj\u00e4tt\u00e4 vuotta, siirtyen 1901 Mustialan opiston meijeriopin opettajaksi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71379", "words": "6284", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Ylim\u00e4ki, Aarre", "title": "Perunasy\u00f6v\u00e4n levinneisyys ja torjunta Suomessa", "date": "1955", "keywords": "anzahl; auf; das; der; des; die; eri; ett\u00e4; finnland; helsingin; h\u00e4meen; ist; kartoffelkrebs; kauppala; kaupunki; koko; kuin; kun; kuopion; levinneisyys; l\u00e4n; l\u00e4\u00e4ni; maassamme; mikkelin; mlk; nach; ole; oli; ovat; perunalajikkeiden; perunasy\u00f6v\u00e4n; saastuneiden; sek\u00e4; sen; suomessa; sy\u00f6v\u00e4nkest\u00e4vien; tab; taudin; todettu; torjunta; turun; und; uudenmaan; vaasan; vain; viljelysten; von; vuonna", "summary": "Sit\u00e4 mukaan kuin taudin elintapojen tuntemus lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyi ja sen suoranainen torjunta laajoilla aloilla n\u00e4ytti mahdottomalta, ryhdyttiin maiden sis\u00e4isess\u00e4kin perunasy\u00f6v\u00e4n torjun- nassa soveltamaan lakis\u00e4\u00e4teisi\u00e4 pakkotoimenpiteit\u00e4. viljeltyjen 25 lajikkeen jakaantumisesta sy\u00f6v\u00e4nkest\u00e4viin ja arkoihin sek\u00e4 niiden kunkin osuudesta perunan viljelyalaan eri suuruisilla tiloilla sek\u00e4 keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin koko maassa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71380", "words": "1364", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Paloheimo, Lauri", "title": "Georg Willehad von Wendt", "date": "1955", "keywords": "den; der; die; ett\u00e4; georg; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; menschen; oli; und; von; wendt; wendtin", "summary": "Aber diejenigen, die Gelegenheit gehabt haben, Georg von Wendt kennenzulernen, werden sich seiner als ideenreichen Anregers, unvergleichlichen Lehrers und guten Menschen erinnern. Lauri Paloheimo. Georg von Wendt ei alunperink\u00e4\u00e4n aikonut ruveta ammatilliseksi l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4riksi, vaan halusi pyrki\u00e4 l\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen perustieteiden, anatomien tai fysiologian, opettajaksi yliopistoon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71381", "words": "3004", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Sipil\u00e4, Martti", "title": "Sokerijuurikkaan harvennusty\u00f6n tutkimusmenetelm\u00e4st\u00e4", "date": "1955", "keywords": "eri; ett\u00e4; j\u00e4tettyjen; k\u00e4ytetty; laatu; maan; metres; rivimetri\u00e4; sokerijuurikkaan; study; taimien; time; ty\u00f6h\u00f6n; weeds; work", "summary": "Aineistoa ker\u00e4ttiin kaiken kaik- kiaan 248 kokeesta, kukin kymmenen rivimetri\u00e4, ja ty\u00f6h\u00f6n vaikuttavat tekij\u00e4t kirjattiin koekohtaisesti muistiin ty\u00f6ajan ohella. Tutkimuksessa on k\u00e4ytetty yksikk\u00f6n\u00e4 kymment\u00e4 rivi- metri\u00e4 ja eri tekij\u00e4t on m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4tty t\u00e4t\u00e4 kohti.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71382", "words": "1492", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Saloheimo, Lauri", "title": "Kalvakkanevan viljelysarvosta", "date": "1955", "keywords": "karjanlantaa; ollut; suhdel; taulukko; vuosina", "summary": "Peruslannoituksena sai koko ala 60 kg P 20 5 (thomasf) ja 100 kg K 2O (40 % kalis) ha:lle. 1934\u201435 ollut uudisviljelys- kauteen verrattuna vastaava lis\u00e4ys kuin hein\u00e4ll\u00e4, ja on t\u00e4m\u00e4 johtunut alustaturpeen viljelyskasveille edullisista muutoksista.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71383", "words": "4072", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Nikkil\u00e4, Olavi E.", "title": "\u00dcber die Entwicklung der sterilisierverfahren bei einged\u00f6sten Lebensmitteln", "date": "1955", "keywords": "abb; als; auch; auf; bei; das; dass; dem; der; des; die; dieser; dosen; durch; eine; entwicklung; f\u00fcr; hat; ist; jedoch; lebensmitteln; mit; nicht; oder; r\u00f6ntgenstrahlen; sich; sind; sterilisierung; und; verfahren; von; werden; wird; wurde; zur", "summary": "Die Festlegung von Verfahren Die Probleme, die bei der Sterilisierung von Lebensmitteln durch Bestrahlung ber\u00fccksichtigt werden m\u00fcssen, gelten nicht nur f\u00fcr eine bestimmte Art von Strah- lung.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71384", "words": "10100", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Westermarck, N.; Lindvall, Kaja", "title": "Tutkimus puutarhaviljelyn tuotosta ja kustannuksesta Malminkartanon opetus- ja koetilalla", "date": "1955", "keywords": "alan; avomaan; costs; crop; edell\u00e4; eri; estate; ett\u00e4; fruits; garden; glasshouses; groups; hotbeds; jaettu; jotka; kaja; kasvihuoneet; kasviryhmien; kohden; koristekasvit; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kustannukset; kustannus; kuten; k\u00e4ytetty; labour; labour costs; lavat; liikkeen; malminkartanon; marjatarha; mukaan; my\u00f6s; ole; ollut; ovat; pinta; plants; proportion; puutarhan; puutarhaviljelyn; return; sek\u00e4; sen; small; suhteessa; tilan; total; tuotannonalojen; tuotto; tutkimuksessa; tutkimus; ty\u00f6kustannus; ty\u00f6nmenekki; t\u00e4m\u00e4; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; vegetables; vihannekset; v\u00e4lillinen; westermarck; work", "summary": "Viljelyalan, lannoituksen, kasvinsuojelu- ja hoitotoimenpiteiden suunnittelu ja j\u00e4rjestely. 2) Ty\u00f6v\u00e4en palkkaaminen sek\u00e4 ty\u00f6n suunnittelu ja valvonta. 3) Uudishankintojen suunnittelu ja suorittaminen. omenien ja juurikasvien korjuu ja v\u00e4litt\u00f6m\u00e4sti seuraava lajittelu. 10) Pakkaus-", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71385", "words": "3475", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Saksa, P. J.", "title": "Maamme perunalajikkeiden viljelylaajuus ja viljelyalueet", "date": "1955", "keywords": "alasta; area; eli; ett\u00e4; koko; kuin; lajikkeiden; maan; peruna; perunalajikkeiden; piirros; potato; sen; sit\u00e4; suomessa; tai; taul; varieties; viljell\u00e4\u00e4n; viljelmill\u00e4; viljelyalasta; yli", "summary": "Tammiston aikaisen ja d) Loppup\u00e4\u00e4telm\u00e4t Vuoden 1950 maatalouslaskennan yhteydess\u00e4 suoritettu otantatiedustelu perunalajikkeiden viljelylaajuuksista osoittaa, ett\u00e4 my\u00f6skin Suomessa viljelty perunalajikkeisto on varsin kirjava, ja ett\u00e4 huomattavan suurilla aloilla viel\u00e4 viljel- l\u00e4\u00e4n tuntemattomia, sekalaisia ja maatiaislajikkeita.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71386", "words": "1473", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Gyllenberg, Helge; Lampila, Martti", "title": "Lactate-utilizing Corynebacterium from the rumen of cattle", "date": "1955", "keywords": "experiments; lactate; rumen; strain; type", "summary": "The most interesting problem in this connection is whether organisms which obviously cannot be considered autochthonous rumen bacteria may play some role in fermentations in the rumen. The possible in- crease in cell concentration in the experiments with \u00bbgrowing cultures\u00bb was not determined.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71387", "words": "1851", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Juuramo, Jouko", "title": "A. E. Sandelin", "date": "1955", "keywords": "butter; dairy; ett\u00e4; helsinki; h\u00e4n; oli; research; sandelin; science; studies", "summary": "Sandelin oli mukaansatempaava ja taitava opettaja. ja v. 1938 \u00bbJuustonvalmistus\u00bb (yhdess\u00e4 toht.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71388", "words": "2178", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Franssila, Matti", "title": "\u00c5ngstr\u00f6min hallanennustusmenetelm\u00e4n soveltamisesta Suomen oloihin", "date": "1955", "keywords": "avulla; der; die; ett\u00e4; ilman; jotka; sek\u00e4; sen; tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4; vakioiden; voidaan; yht\u00e4l\u00f6n", "summary": "Ilman staattisen j\u00e4\u00e4htymisen ennustamiseksi kehitetyt menetelm\u00e4t voidaan jakaa kahteen p\u00e4\u00e4tyyppiin: https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=1AvRPW_mS7DmkRYP.p1zGqcJa2xjNvJnapWM9jg.VdeuzSXuWCVi5dZqvsymPGTPTJhhNnoaXaCKaHn4_aeQxaGc863xhpC-QxiOqSUdkjQ0g_i1jTGyO8QFRvzegl-_P4tCjqEJMjaumkHPDRmdNSekLj5j5NlSTaIwaipIin0m7IkHwJMhZGKKJHaFW5nneNeTe98xZ1Njgw8 64 MATTI FRANSSILA 1) menetelmiin, jotka ottavat huomioon efektiivisen uloss\u00e4teilyn ja vaihdon voimakkuuden sek\u00e4 maan fysikaaliset ominaisuudet ja 2) menetelmiin, jotka perustuvat p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa 2 m korkeudessa suoritettuihin l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila- ja kosteusmittauksiin. = Ctt -Cj0 -k olevan lausekkeen, jossa tx on psykrometrin kuivan l\u00e4mp\u00f6mittarin ja t 0 kostean l\u00e4mp\u00f6mittarin lukema sek\u00e4 C, C 0 ja k vakioita, jotka riippuvat pilvisyydest\u00e4 ja paikallisista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4 sek\u00e4 siit\u00e4, min\u00e4 vuoden-", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71389", "words": "3258", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, A.; Salo, M.-L.", "title": "Some quantitative data on the role of the ruminant proventriculi in the digestion and absorption of nitrogen-free organic matter", "date": "1955", "keywords": "digestibility; digestion; hay; lignin; matter; proventriculi; rumen", "summary": "Moreover, the terms used are highly misleading: they still speak of \u00bbrumen digestion coefficients\u00bb However, as a considerable absorption of volatile fatty acids probably occurs in the omasum and as the omasum functions as a filter press, the figures proposed by Gray as rumen digestion coefficients must 2 L. PALOHEIMO, A. M\u00c4KEL\u00c4 and M.-L.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71390", "words": "3006", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne; Oittila, Raija", "title": "Tiineysajan pituus viikin opetus- ja koetilan ayrshirekarjassa", "date": "1955", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; kertaa; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kuin; lehmien; lehm\u00e4n; mukaan; oli; pehu; pituuden; pituus; pituuteen; tiineysaika; tiineysajan; vasikan; vrk", "summary": "ei saattanut todeta vuorosuhdetta tiineysajan ja ummessaoloajan pituuden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Koko aineiston (ilman kaksosvasikkatapauksia) lehmien ja ensikantoisten lehmien tiineysaikojen keski- arvojen erotus oli 0.39", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71391", "words": "5699", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni ; Salonen, Arvi", "title": "Orientoitumisvaiheen tulokset Muddusniemen koetilan nurmikasvitutkimuksissa", "date": "1956", "keywords": "abb; apilan; auf; borealis; den; der; die; eri; ett\u00e4; hyvin; j\u00e4hr; kasvit; kuin; kuitenkin; kuva; mutta; my\u00f6s; nurmi; oli; olivat; ollut; pohjakallio; pratensis; puna; sadon; sato; sen; tammisto; taulukko; und; vaikutus; vain; viikin; von; vuoden; vuosina; wiese", "summary": "Nurmikasvi- lajien ja -kantojen talvehtimisen ja satoisuuden kuvauksessa eri kokeiden tulokset on koottu samoihin taulukoihin (taulukot I\u20144).1 \u20144). ja v. 1951 varsinaisiin nurmikasvien laji-, kanta- ja vil- jelyteknillisiin kokeisiin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71392", "words": "6774", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Phosphorus in various depths of some virgin peat lands", "date": "1956", "keywords": "inorganic; lands; matter; o\u20142; peat; phosphorus; plant; samples", "summary": "Also the fact that the carbon com- pounds in peat and in residues of peat land plants are not easily available tends to decrease the limit value. The total phosphorus was deter- mined from a Kjeldahl-digest; organic phosphorus was estimated by the acid- alkali extraction method and by an ignition procedure and reported as an average of the results of these two methods (4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71393", "words": "1154", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Haavisto, Matti", "title": "Typhula betae Rostr. on winter turnip rape", "date": "1956", "keywords": "betae; typhula", "summary": "Esitetyt tiedot sek\u00e4 kasvitautiosaston taholta suoritetut, syysrypsin talvehtimisvaurioiden syit\u00e4 selvittelev\u00e4t havainnot osoittavat, ett\u00e4 Suomessa esiintyy syysrypsiss\u00e4 yleisen\u00e4 Typhula-sieni\u00e4., ja ett\u00e4 t\u00e4h\u00e4nastisten tietojen perusteella talvehtimisvaurioiden aiheuttajana on laji Typhula betae Rostr. The entire material proved to be of Typhula betae Rostr. species.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71394", "words": "3768", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Saarinen, Pellervo; L\u00f6nnfors, Marita", "title": "A formula for calculating the effects of feeding on the iodine number of milk fat", "date": "1956", "keywords": "acids; effect; fat; feeding; iodine; iodine number; milk; milk fat; number; ration", "summary": "The relationship of stage of lactation, pasturage and environmental temperature to the degree of unsaturation of cow milk fat. It is a well known fact that a very close relationship exists between the iodine number of milk fat and the consistency of butter (19, 39, 33, 32).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71395", "words": "9794", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kivi, Erkki I.", "title": "The epidemic of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici) on spring wheat in South-West Finland in 1951, primarily from the breeder\u2019s point of view", "date": "1956", "keywords": "breeding; diamant; epidemic; finland; grain; material; observations; plant; resistance; south; spring; stem rust; summer; varieties; wheat", "summary": "Black stem rust has reappeared, it is true, but has done little damage and its occurrences have not reached epidemic proportions. Mostly the local occurrences have been associated with the appearance of the Berberis species susceptible to black stem rust.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71396", "words": "12388", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Phosphorus in virgin peat soils", "date": "1956", "keywords": "correlation; degree; group; humification; p content; peat; peat samples; peat soils; phosphorus; samples; total p", "summary": "In addition to this, it can be supposed that the degree of humification could exert some effect upon the accumulation of organic P. Also the relations of N content and organic P content may be noteworthy. This probably can be partly attributed to the difficulties connected with the analyses of peat samples.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71397", "words": "4886", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Missil\u00e4, Hilve", "title": "Accumulation of fertilizer phosphorus in peat soils", "date": "1956", "keywords": "acid; inorganic; peat; phosphate; samples; soils", "summary": "The total P, inorganic P and organic P content of the plots annually dressed with 0, 20, 40 or 60 kg/ha of P 20 5 applied as superphosphate is reported in Table 1. The data in the same paper indicated that during the ten years of an experiment the total content of organic P in a limed lowmoor peat soil increased due to the P fertilizers, and even more intensively than the corresponding content of inorganic P. Jackman (4, 5) has found a rather marked conversion of applied P into organic forms also in mineral soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71398", "words": "2426", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Laurila, Kaiho; Antila, Simo", "title": "Perunan mukulain kuiva-ainepitoisuuden vaihteluista", "date": "1956", "keywords": "ainepitoisuus; aquila; der; des; die; eri; knollen; kuin; kuiva; mukulain; ollut; perunan; piirros; taulukko; trockensubstanzgehalt; und", "summary": "Perunan kasvuaika (taulukko 2) muodostui vuosina 1952 ja 1953 jonkinverran lyhyemm\u00e4ksi kuin muina koevuosina varsiston aikaisemman hallavioituksen takia. Kuiva-ainepitoisuus on ollut keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ist\u00e4 korkeampi (22.46 d: 0.09 % ja 22.51 \u00b1 0.18 %) l\u00e4mpimien ja kuivien kesien 1951 ja 1955, alin (16.53 d; 0.05 %) viile\u00e4n ja kostean kes\u00e4n 1952 mukulasadossa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71399", "words": "3509", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Saarinen, P.; Syrj\u00e4nen, E.; Hyv\u00e4rinen, Vuokko", "title": "Kokeita automaattiruokinnan j\u00e4rjest\u00e4miseksi meijerisikalassa", "date": "1956", "keywords": "carcass; edell\u00e4; ett\u00e4; feed; group; heran; koe; kokeen; kokeessa; kuin; kuitenkin; my\u00f6s; oli; perusrehu; quality; rehun; sikojen; stand; syrj\u00e4nen; taulukossa; voidaan; vuokko; weight", "summary": "Toisessa ruokintakokeessa (11/11 -55\u201430/4 -56) k\u00e4ytettiin aluksi 62 vuoro- kauden ajan samaa perusrehua kuin ensimm\u00e4isess\u00e4 kokeessa ja sen j\u00e4lkeen toista maissivaltaista seosta, johon valkuaispitoisuuden nostamiseksi oli lis\u00e4tty mm. 5 % Vaasan H\u00f6yrymyllyn valmistamaa \u00bbT\u00e4ysivoima\u00bb-nimist\u00e4 sikojen valkuaisv\u00e4kirehu- seosta. kg kg g g/Pv 15\u201420 0.9 117 2.0 1.5 0.5 0.85 120 20\u201425 1.1 2.0 3.5 0.6 1.08 146 US 25\u201430 1.3 1.0 5.0 0.8 1.21 146 30\u201435 1.5 1.0 10.0 0.9 1.65 200 192 35\u201440 1.7 10.0 1.2 1.77 196 40\u201445 1.9 12.5 1.2 1.95 218 220 45\u2014.Vi 2.1 15.0 1.2 2.12 241 50\u201455 2.3 20.0 1.1 2.38 277 250 55\u201460 2.5 20.0 1.l 2.38 277 60\u201465 2.6 23.0 1.1 2.59 304 65\u201470 2.7 23.0 1.1 2.59 304 265 70\u201475 2.8 25(1 1.2 2.82 331 270 7,-,_SO 2.9 25.0 12 2.82 331 80\u2014S5 3.0 27.0 1.3 3.05 357 270 85\u201490 3.1 27.0 1.4 3.14 366 90\u201495 3.2 28.0 1.5 3.30 384 290 95\u2014100 3.3 28.0 1.7 3.4 s 402 197KOKEITA AUTOMAATTIRUOKIN NAN J\u00c4RJEST\u00c4MISEKSI MEIJERISIKALASSA P. SAARINEN, E. SYRJ\u00c4NEN ja VUOKKO HYV\u00c4RINEN198 Koetulokset Eri porsasryhmien kasvun kehitys kokeessa 1 on esitetty kuviossa 1 ja kokeessa 2 kuviossa 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71400", "words": "6423", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Ruokola, Anna-Liisa", "title": "Torajyv\u00e4n viljelykokeista Viikin koetilalla ja er\u00e4ill\u00e4 kasvinviljelyskoeasemilla Suomessa", "date": "1956", "keywords": "alkaloidipitoisuus; als; apukassa; auf; dem; den; der; des; die; ennen; ensi; eri; ett\u00e4; koetilalla; kokeissa; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; liisa; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; ovat; petkus; rukiin; sek\u00e4; sen; sklerootioiden; suoritettiin; taulukko; torajyv\u00e4n; torajyv\u00e4sato; t\u00e4hkist\u00e4; und; vasta; viikin; von; vuosina; \u00fcber", "summary": "ja hermotautien parannus- ja lievitysaineina. Onkin todettu, ett\u00e4 jos t\u00e4hk\u00e4t saastutetaan silloin kun ne juuri ovat vapautuneet tupesta, ja kun rukiin kasvusto on tasaisempaa ja mata- lampaa kuin my\u00f6hemmin, saadaan paras saastuntatulos.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71401", "words": "2213", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kurkki, Lea M.; Wittwer, S. H.", "title": "Thermoperiodity and flower formation in some tomato varieties", "date": "1956", "keywords": "cluster; flower; night; number; temperature; tomato; varieties", "summary": "Night temperatures during the early stage of growth not only affect flower number, but also affect the position on the stem at which the first inflorescence will develop (8, 13, 14, 19). Night temperature Y\u00f6l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila 50\u201455\u00b0 F 65\u201470\u00b0 F No. of flowers in No. of flowers in No. of flowers in No. of flowers in Variety first cluster second cluster first cluster second cluster Lajike Kukkien lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 Kukkien lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 Kukkien lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 Kukkien lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ensim.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71402", "words": "8247", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Determination of the degree of humification in peat samples", "date": "1956", "keywords": "degree; humification; material; o\u20142; peat samples; samples; samples r; volume; volume weight; weight", "summary": "The degree of humification is a valuable characteristic of peat samples, important not only for soil chemists but also for agricultural and industrial purposes. Such a method based on the physical characteristics of peat samples is e.g. Segeberg\u2019s (10) determination of the \u00bbVertorfungszahl\u00bb, the increase in the volume weight of ash-free dry matter expressed as a percentage of the corresponding weight of volume for the sample to be analyzed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71403", "words": "2693", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Barkoff, Eugen", "title": "Ein automatischer Apparat zur Bestimmung der austauschbaren Ionen, insbesondere phosphat-Ionen, im Boden mittels Ionenaustauscher", "date": "1956", "keywords": "apparat; auf; aus; austauschbaren; bei; bodenprobe; das; dem; den; der; des; die; durch; ein; eine; harz; ist; l\u00f6sung; mit; sich; trichter; und; von; wird", "summary": "und Karbonationen in der L\u00f6sung und Dagegen wirkt die Konzentration der Karbonatl\u00f6sungen auf die Verteilung des ausgel\u00f6sten Phosphates zwischen der L\u00f6sung und dem Harz betr\u00e4chtlich ein.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71404", "words": "4406", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Kivek\u00e4s, Jaakko", "title": "Distribution of extractable calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in various depths of some virgin peat soils", "date": "1956", "keywords": "calcium; content; matter; peat; plant; potassium", "summary": "Our information even of the combined effect of all these factors on the nutrient content of various peat layers is rather poor. The authors were interested in the contents of plant available calcium, mag- nesium and potassium in various depths of peat lands.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71405", "words": "2659", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "29", "author": "Oksanen, Erkki H.", "title": "Maataloustraktorien kunnossapitokustannuksesta", "date": "1956", "keywords": "costs; dieseltraktorin; engine; ett\u00e4; kohden; kunnossapitokustannus; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6tuntia; maintenance; medium; my\u00f6s; ovat; paraffin; petrol; prosenttiin; repair; sek\u00e4; tractor; traktoreiden; traktorin; use", "summary": "Edellisiin kuuluvat poisto-, korko-, s\u00e4ilytys-, vakuutus-, vero- ja kunnossapitokustannukset, sek\u00e4 j\u00e4lkimm\u00e4isiin ajajan palkka ja poltto- ja voiteluainekustannukset. ja n. 59 % dieseltraktorin korjauskustannuksista.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71406", "words": "6003", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Rautavaara, Toivo", "title": "Yleisimpien puutarhakasvien suomenkielinen nimist\u00f6", "date": "1956", "keywords": "aito; alba; alpina; alpinum; ananas; angervo; artisokka; canadensis; chin\u00e9nsis; chrysanthemum; communis; euphorbia; ficus; grandifl\u00f6ra; hort\u00e9nsis; hybrida; iso; jalo; japanin; jap\u00f6nica; kanadan; kasvien; kaukasian; kello; keltainen; kiinan; kirjava; kirsikka; komea; kukka; lajeja; liiton; lilja; luettelon; malva; maxima; my\u00f6s; nime\u00e4; officinalis; ohdake; ovat; palava; pendula; pensas; prunus; punainen; purpurea; puutarhakasvien; puutarhaviljelij\u00e4in; saksan; saxifraga; sen\u00e9cio; sibirica; siperian; siro; ssp; tavallinen; valkea; vulgaris", "summary": "hort\u00f6rum - tavallinen p. abies ( exc6lsa ) tavallinen k., damasc\u00e9na - kes\u00e4inen n. _ pelt\u00e5tum - riippup. grandifl\u00f6ra - iso s. H\u00f6rdeum jub\u00e5tum - partaohra J\u00fcglans - jalop\u00e4hkin\u00e4 Grevillea - silkkipensas Hosta - kuunlilja cinerea - Amerikan j. Gyps\u00f6phila - raunikki; harsokukka undul\u00e5ta - kirjava k.\u2014 mandsch\u00fcrica - Mantsuurian j.\u2014 elegans - yksivuotinen harso- H\u00f6wea - kentiapalmu Juniperus - kataja kukka H\u00f6ya b\u00e9lla - siro posliinikukka chin\u00e9nsis - Kiinan k.\u2014 panicul\u00e5ta - morsiamen harso- carn\u00f6sa - posliinikukka communis - tavallinen k. kukka H\u00fcmulus lupulus - humala f. columna - pylv\u00e4sk.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71407", "words": "5119", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Varo, Mikko", "title": "Sonnien j\u00e4lkel\u00e4isarvostelun tuloksista erilaisessa ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4 II", "date": "1956", "keywords": "aineistossa; auf; ayrshirerodulla; bei; bullen; das; den; der; des; die; eri; ett\u00e4; f\u00fcr; joka; j\u00e4lkel\u00e4isarvostelun; j\u00e4lkel\u00e4isten; karjojen; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; keskituotosten; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; luku; my\u00f6s; nyt; oli; ovat; perusteella; rodun; saatu; sich; siit\u00e4; sind; sonnien; suhteellisten; suomenkarjan; tuloksista; tuotosten; und; vain; von; vuorosuhde; vuorosuhteet; worden", "summary": "Koska sonnien valinta yleens\u00e4, ja my\u00f6s keino- siemennystoimintaan, joudutaan useimmiten suorittamaan vanhempien tulosten perusteella, sallii n\u00e4inkin suuri sonnien luku jo melko ankaran valinnan isien j\u00e4lke- l\u00e4isarvostelu] en nojalla. S\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llisyysprosentin vuoro- suhde on jopa negatiivinen, ja my\u00f6s suomenkarjan aineistossa sen arvo on sangen heikko.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71408", "words": "3276", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "The use of fog and smoke in frost defence", "date": "1956", "keywords": "area; defence; differences; fog; frost; radiation; smoke; temperature", "summary": "The objective is thus to find an intermediate form between fog generation and sprinkling by pro- ducing a fog of such droplet size, or otherwise of such properties that it will descend after floating for a certain time. Furthermore a study was made of the influence of natural fog upon the effective outgoing radiation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71409", "words": "3734", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Maijala, Kauko", "title": "Mechanized reclamation of swamplands in Finland", "date": "1956", "keywords": "clearing; fig; finland; labour; land; operations; reclamation; stumps; work", "summary": "Developing the Equipment and Methods Preliminary measures for the starting of mechanized clearing operations were taken in 1940, but owing to the war and the machine acquisitions the actual program was not initiated until 1946; j The tractors of the caterpillar-type have always been bought abroad, mainly in the United States; and they have been mostly Caterpillar and Allis-Chalmers models. Land clearing in a bog with a thick layer of peat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71410", "words": "2935", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Aalto-Set\u00e4l\u00e4, J. E.", "title": "Eemeli Kitunen", "date": "1956", "keywords": "chairman; commerce; eemeli; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; j\u00e4sen; kauran; kitunen; law; member; oli; puheenjohtaja; research; seed; sek\u00e4; siementarkastuslaitoksen; state; station; testing; valtion", "summary": "H\u00e4n oh my\u00f6s Pohjois- maiden maataloustutkijain yhdistyksen Suomen osaston johtokunnan j\u00e4sen, useiden tieteellisten seurojen j\u00e4sen, Rikkihappo- ja ja tutkimusmenetelm\u00e4t tieteellisesti t\u00e4ysin J. E. AALTO-SET\u00c4L\u00c472 p\u00e4teviksi ja kansainv\u00e4lisen mitan t\u00e4ytt\u00e4viksi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71411", "words": "775", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "D. J. Hissink", "date": "1956", "keywords": "eritt\u00e4in; hissink; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; maan; mutta; oli; sen; tutkimuksia", "summary": "Mutta Hissink, huolimatta siit\u00e4 ett\u00e4 h\u00e4n oli 1939 tullut t\u00e4ysin palvelleeksi, ryhtyi sodan p\u00e4\u00e4tytty\u00e4 j\u00e4lleen voimak- kaasti kehitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n yhteistoimintaa, ja jo v. 1950 yli 700 maaper\u00e4ntutkijaa eri puolilta maapalloa kokoontui Amsterdamiin nelj\u00e4nteen kansainv\u00e4liseen kongres- siin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 ty\u00f6 tapahtui hyvin suu- ressa m\u00e4\u00e4rin laajana yhteisty\u00f6n\u00e4 monien saksalaisten ja ranskalaisten tutkijoiden kanssa ja se oli omiaan kehitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n Groningenin maantutkimuslaitoksesta kan- sainv\u00e4lisesti tunnetun tutkimuskeskuksen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71412", "words": "1193", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Eilhard Alfred Mitscherlich", "date": "1956", "keywords": "alfred; eilhard; erityisesti; ett\u00e4; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; kun; maan; mitscherlichin; oli; ovat; paljon; professori; sadon; sek\u00e4; sen", "summary": "Ne joilla on ollut tilaisuus tutustua h\u00e4neen, muistavat aina mielihyvin sen kodikkaan ja vaati- mattoman tavan, jolla t\u00e4m\u00e4 kuuluisa tutkija on ottanut heid\u00e4t laitoksessaan vas- taan, perehdytt\u00e4nyt heid\u00e4t tutkimusmenetelmien yksityiskohtiin ja ollut valmis keskustelemaan kulloinkin ajankohtaisista ammattikysymyksist\u00e4. Mit- scherlichin kasvutekij\u00e4in vaikutuslaki esitet\u00e4\u00e4n matemaattisesti seuraavasti: / =(A \u2014y) -c dx 81EILHARD ALFRED MITSCHERLICH 82 ERKKI KIVINEN Sen mukaan sadon lis\u00e4ys (dy) kasvutekij\u00e4n kohotessa (dxdl\u00e4) on suoraan verran- nollinen kysymyksess\u00e4 olevissa olosuhteissa suurimman sadon (A) ja kasvutekij\u00e4n arvolla x saavutetun sadon (y) v\u00e4liseen erotukseen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71413", "words": "1853", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Korpinen, Elli", "title": "Kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4lajikkeiden tuntomerkeist\u00e4", "date": "1956", "keywords": "fenolik\u00e4sittelyss\u00e4; jyv\u00e4; korren; korressa; kuin; melko; mutta; nukkaa; solmun; solmussa; suuri; t\u00e4hk\u00e4; v\u00e4h\u00e4n; v\u00e4rittyv\u00e4t; yleens\u00e4; yl\u00e4puolella", "summary": "Jyv\u00e4 suuri, paksu, usein jauhomainen; k\u00e4rjen nukkapinta vinossa, nukka melko pitk\u00e4\u00e4 \u00bbKANADALAINEN Kuten edellinen, mutta korren solmussa ja solmun yl\u00e4puolella v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n nukkaa MARQUIS = \u00bbTASKU\u00bb Lehdet melko kapeat. Lehdet ja t\u00e4hk\u00e4 pystymm\u00e4t ja korsi v\u00e4h\u00e4n lyhempi kuin Sopu- HOPEA vehn\u00e4n.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71414", "words": "8633", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "81", "author": "S\u00e4k\u00f6, Jaakko", "title": "Hedelm\u00e4nviljely\u00e4 kohdanneesta tuhosta v. 1955-56", "date": "1957", "keywords": "+ +; alle; alue; antonovka; apple; eri; etel\u00e4; fruit; hibernation; kpl; kuin; maasto; mulloksella; number; omenapuiden; ovat; puiden; puita; puut; region; sek\u00e4; soil; sound; table; talvehtiminen; taulukko; terrain; tietoja; trees; variety; viett\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4; years; \u00e4ker\u00f6", "summary": "ja Taulukoista 3,4, 5, ja 6 joissa kasvupaikan olosuhteita ei ole eritelty, on esitetty yhdistelm\u00e4 (taulukko 7), jossa lajikkeet on alueittain jaettu nelj\u00e4\u00e4n ryh- m\u00e4\u00e4n.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71415", "words": "2236", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Kivek\u00e4s, Jaakko; Virri, Kalevi; Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Studies on the nutrient content of treeless Sphagnum papillosum bogs", "date": "1957", "keywords": "bogs; papillosum; scp h; sphagnum", "summary": "a. Carex lasiocarpa (or Carex rostrata) - Sphagnum papillosum bogs b. Sphagnum papillosum bog 40 Kemij\u00e4rvi 6 LSCp H, LCp H 5 LCp H, The proper Sphagnum papillosum treeless bogs form the main part of this material.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71416", "words": "3023", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Aura, Klaus", "title": "Suomessa viljellyn perunan virustautisuudesta", "date": "1957", "keywords": "eri; ett\u00e4; finland; lis\u00e4ksi; maassamme; meill\u00e4; oli; ovat; perunan; potato; sen; sja; varieties; variety; viroottisia; virus; viruses; virusta; virusten", "summary": "E. A. Jamalaisen aloitteesta tutkimaan serologisesti perunan S- ja X-viruksien yleisyytt\u00e4 ja levin- neisyytt\u00e4 S- ja X-viroottisuus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71417", "words": "2234", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni; Antila, Simo", "title": "Er\u00e4iden soijalajikkeiden fotobiologisista ominaisuuksista", "date": "1957", "keywords": "auf; der; die; ett\u00e4; fiskeby; kuin; oli; pando; siemensadon; soija; tabelle; taulukko; vaikutus; valojakso; valon", "summary": "Fiskeby Fiskeby 846\u20142\u20141 843\u201415\u20144 Pando Pitk\u00e4 Lyhyt Pitk\u00e4 Lyhyt Pitk\u00e4 Lyhyt valojakso valojakso valojakso valojakso valojakso valojakso Lange Kurze Lange Kurze Lange Kurze Photo- Photo- Photo- Photo- Photo- Fiske- byn jalosteisiin valojakson pituuden vaikutus oli kesken\u00e4\u00e4n hyvin samansuuntai- nen, joskin ne muussa suhteessa erosivat toisistaan siten, ett\u00e4 Fiskeby 846\u20142\u2014l kasvoi selv\u00e4sti korkeammaksi ja tuleentui hiukan aikaisemmin kuin Fiskeby 843 15\u20144.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71418", "words": "6103", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Uotila, Irja", "title": "Equisetum palustren esiintymisest\u00e4 luonnontilaisilla soilla Keski- ja Pohjois-Suomessa", "date": "1957", "keywords": "anzahl; anzahl anzahl; auf; bei; den; der; die; eigentliche; eniten; equisetum; eri; eutrofisia; ist; kuin; lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; n\u00e4yteruuduissa; n\u00e4yteruutujen; oli; ollut; ovat; palustre; probefl\u00e4chen; silvaticum; sind; sphagnum; tai; und; varsinaiset; verschiedenen; von; weissmoore; yli; \u00fcber", "summary": "Auf die Hauptmoortypen verteilen sich die Probefl\u00e4chen von E. palustre folgendermassen (Ta- belle 1, S. 123); Br\u00fccher 57.4 %, Reisermoore 26.2 %, Weissmoore 11.0 % und Braunmoore 5.4 %. Taulukoissa on vertailun vuoksi ryhmitetty my\u00f6skin sa- moista kentt\u00e4tutkimuskirjoista poimitut E. fluviatile- ja E. silvaticum- n\u00e4yteruudut eri suotyyppien kesken.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71419", "words": "2264", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Ahlberg, Erkki", "title": "Er\u00e4iden hitaasti it\u00e4vien siemenien it\u00e4vyyden m\u00e4\u00e4rityksest\u00e4 Tetrazolium-menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4", "date": "1957", "keywords": "ajan; der; die; ett\u00e4; it\u00e4vyyden; joiden; j\u00e4lkeen; koesarja; n\u00e4ytteet; oli; pirus; samen; siemenet; siementen; test; vain; voidaan", "summary": "It\u00e4miskykyisiksi katsottiin siemenet, joiden alkio ja siemenvalkuainen olivat kokonaan v\u00e4rj\u00e4ytyneet sek\u00e4 my\u00f6s sellaiset, joiden siemenvalkuaisessa esiintyi v\u00e4h\u00e4isi\u00e4 pinnallisia v\u00e4rj\u00e4ytym\u00e4tt\u00f6mi\u00e4 kohtia. Todenn\u00e4k\u00f6inen syy poikkeamiin on, ett\u00e4 siement\u00e4 ymp\u00e4r\u00f6iv\u00e4\u00e4 luuta rikottaessa oli syntynyt vioit- tumia, jotka j\u00e4iv\u00e4t v\u00e4rj\u00e4ytym\u00e4tt\u00e4 ja siten terveit\u00e4 siemeni\u00e4 joutui lasketuksi kuolleitten ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71420", "words": "4966", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Halonen, Reino; Juusela, Taneli", "title": "Suomen peltojen maalajit, muokkauskerroksen syvyys ja maan happamuus", "date": "1957", "keywords": "clay; fig; hiesusavi; hieta; hiuesavi; koko; kuin; kuva; layer; loam; mip; muokkauskerroksen; peat; sand; soil; syvyys; type", "summary": "T\u00e4llaisesta maalajista, jossa savi-, hiesu- ja hietalajitteita on l\u00e4hes sama m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4, k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n englanninkielisiss\u00e4 maissa nimityst\u00e4 clay loam ja savilajitteen ollessa v\u00e4h\u00e4inen nimityst\u00e4 loam. Kymen, Vaasan ja Tampereen maanviljelysinsin\u00f6\u00f6ripiirien alueilla on savimaita jo huomattavasti v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n, eli 21\u201427 %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71421", "words": "3110", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Valle, Otto", "title": "Die Entwicklung des Finnischen Pflanzenbaus nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg", "date": "1957", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; das; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; finnland; f\u00fcr; hat; ist; jahren; man; mit; nach; sich; sind; sorten; und; von", "summary": "Die am meisten in die Augen fallende und betr\u00fcblichste Entwicklung ist der starke R\u00fcckgang des Brotgetreidebaus, der auf mancherlei Umst\u00e4nde zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist: u.a. die Preispolitik, unvorteilhafte Witterungsverh\u00e4ltnisse mit sp\u00e4ter Aussaat, Frost, Regen w\u00e4hrend der Erntezeit sowie schlechte \u00dcberwinterung des Wintergetreides. Die Nutzung der Ackerfl\u00e4che in Finnland in den Jahren 1939 und 1956.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71422", "words": "3482", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Valle, Otto", "title": "The problem of red clover seed production in Finland", "date": "1957", "keywords": "alberta; clover; finland; production; red; red clover; seed; tammisto; year", "summary": "About 300,000 hectares of grassland are established each year in Finland and the annual demand for red clover seed is about 2 million kilograms. According to official crop estimates, the production of red clover seed has exceeded 2 million kilograms in some years, but these figures are highly approximate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71423", "words": "3992", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Lignin studies I. Investigations concerning lignin determination", "date": "1957", "keywords": "acid; cent; crude; determination; extraction; lignin; method; protein; values; water", "summary": "In des- criptions of lignin determination methods various demands concerning the grade of fineness are prescribed. Review of sulphuric acid methods In the earliest methods used for the determination of lignin, extraction with organic solvents was the only pretreatment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71424", "words": "2875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni; Antila, Simo", "title": "On the effect of day-length on the rate of development of spring cereals", "date": "1957", "keywords": "cereals; day; development; light; rate; spring", "summary": "Besides, both the light intensity and the temperature conditions in South Finland are more favourable for a rapid rate of development of spring cereals than in Lapland. In the following special attention has been paid to the differences in photoperiodic sensitiveness of spring cereals at their different development stages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71425", "words": "2067", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Heinonen, Reijo", "title": "Pohjamaan huokoisuussuhteista Suomen maalajeissa", "date": "1957", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; fig; helsinki; ilmatila; kuin; kun; kuva; maan; mutta; pohjamaan; saakka; suomen; syvyyteen; vain", "summary": "Ensin kaivettiin lapiolla 30 cm:n syvyinen kuoppa ja kuopan pohjaan hakattiin sitten erikoisrakenteinen n\u00e4ytteenottoputki (kuva 1), jolla voi ottaa puhtaita ja ehji\u00e4 60 cm:n pituisia profiilip\u00f6tkyj\u00e4. Lis\u00e4ksi otettiin n\u00e4iden havaintojen t\u00e4ydent\u00e4mi- seksi kuudesta koealasta n\u00e4ytteet vain yhden kerran, valiten sellaisen ajankohdan ja koepaikan, ett\u00e4 maan voitiin olettaa olevan kentt\u00e4kapasiteetissa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71426", "words": "3069", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Lignin studies II. The lignin content and properties of lignin in different materials", "date": "1957", "keywords": "acid; clover; content; lignin; membrane; methoxyl; substances; table", "summary": "Even the usual lignin determination reveals a difference in the behaviour of lignin in different plant materials. According to Freudenberg et ai. (6) in lignin methoxyl must be attached to an aromatic ring in an ether form.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71427", "words": "2036", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Kiiskinen, Auvo", "title": "Sadon riippuvaisuus v\u00e4kilannoituksen ja kes\u00e4n l\u00e4mp\u00f6olojen vaihteluista Suomessa: Regressioanalyyttinen tarkastelu", "date": "1957", "keywords": "elokuun; ett\u00e4; fertilization; helsinki; keskil\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan; kuin; oli; ovat; satoisuuden; siihen; temperature; touko; volume; v\u00e4kilannoituksen; yield", "summary": "Edell\u00e4 viitatuissa ja muissa vastaavanlaisissa selvityksiss\u00e4 (1, 2,5), joissa korrelaatiokertoimilla on kuvattu eri s\u00e4\u00e4tekij\u00e4in vaikutusta satoisuuteen, laskelmat ovat kohdistuneet yksinomaan aikaan, jolloin l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan yleissuunta oli nouseva. Kuviosta n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n, ett\u00e4 vain kahtena vuotena 26 sta todellisen ja lasketun satoisuusluvun poikkeama kohoaa 10 %:n suuruusluokkaan.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71428", "words": "3442", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Ruokola, Anna-Liisa", "title": "Torajyv\u00e4sienen, Claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul.:n sklerotioiden it\u00e4misest\u00e4", "date": "1957", "keywords": "das; der; des; die; ett\u00e4; kaltbehandlung; koesarjassa; kpl; kuin; luku; my\u00f6s; niiden; oli; rukiin; sklerotien; sklerotioiden; tabelle; taulukko; torajyvien; torajyv\u00e4kannan; torajyv\u00e4t; trichothecium; und; von; \u00fcber", "summary": "Kes\u00e4ll\u00e4 1953 tehtiin torajyvien it\u00e4mishavaintoja koekent\u00e4ll\u00e4 (n. 14 m 2), joka edel- lisen\u00e4 vuonna oli ollut Petkus-kev\u00e4trukiin kasvupaikkana, ja jossa ei syyskynt\u00f6\u00e4 oltu suoritettu. Sklerotioiden it\u00e4mist\u00e4 tapahtui vain 1. ja 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71429", "words": "3781", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Soini, Sylvi", "title": "Influence of lime on the accumulation of mineral nitrogen in incubation experiments of peat soils", "date": "1957", "keywords": "incubation; lime; mineral; mineral nitrogen; months; nitrogen; peat; samples", "summary": "Thus it seems that the problem of the effect of liming upon the mineralisation of peat nitrogen is complex, and deserves more study particularly with regard to the different phases of the changes of nitrogen forms in soil. Summary In the present paper the effect of lime on the mobilization of peat nitrogen was studied using incubation experiments under laboratory conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71430", "words": "1821", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "H\u00e5rdh, J. E.", "title": "On the calcium uptake of glasshouse cucumber", "date": "1957", "keywords": "calcium; cucumber; deficiency; leaf; leaves; plants; soil; uptake", "summary": "The chemical nature of the crystals has not been determined, but they are taken to be calcium salts, as on many other plants. The upper leaves of older plants become pale green beginning with the leaf margins, which turn somewhat upwards.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71431", "words": "530", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Heinonen, Reijo", "title": "Suomen maalajien ominaispainosta", "date": "1957", "keywords": "gravity; ominaispainon; piirros; soils; suomen", "summary": "Tutkimusaineisto ker\u00e4ttiin eri puolilta etel\u00e4-Suomea, ja sen savespitoisuuden keskiarvo 40 % lienee l\u00e4hell\u00e4 Suomen viljeltyjen kivenn\u00e4ismaiden pohjamaan keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ist\u00e4 savespitoisuutta. Kun t\u00e4m\u00e4n koko aineis- ton jakautuma on vino, laskettiin viel\u00e4 erikseen 2\u201412 % humusta sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4st\u00e4 aineiston osasta (94 kpl, suunnilleen normaali jakautuma) osittaisregressiolasken- nalla ominaispainon (S) samanaikainen riippuvuus saves- ja humuspitoisuudesta (Xj ja x 2), jolloin saatiin piirroksessa 3 esitetty yht\u00e4l\u00f6.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71432", "words": "7081", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kivek\u00e4s, Jaakko; Kaila, Armi", "title": "Extractable calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium in diefferent peat types", "date": "1957", "keywords": "calcium; content; o\u20142; peat; samples", "summary": "Determination of the degree of humification in peat samples. Calicium, magnesium, potassium and sodium extracted by 1 N ammonium chloride from virgin peat samples.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71433", "words": "4211", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Laurila, Kaiho", "title": "Solanum tuberosum L. ja S. demissum Lindl.-lajien v\u00e4listen risteytysten F1-polvessa ilmenneest\u00e4 kasvullisesta muuntelusta", "date": "1957", "keywords": "1951\u201453; aikainen; antosyaniv\u00e4ri; demissum; den; der; die; ett\u00e4; kloonien; knollen; kuin; kuiva; mukulain; muuntelua; oli; ollut; ovat; sen; solanum; tammiston; taulukko; tuberosum; und; varsiston", "summary": "Helsingin yliopiston kasvipatologian laitoksen perunakokeissa on todettu Solanum tuberosum L. ja Solanum demissum LiNDL.-lajien v\u00e4listen risteytysten Fj-polvessa spontaanista, kasvullista muuntelua tavanomaista runsaammin, joten sen luonteeseen jouduttiin kiinnitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n erityist\u00e4 huomiota. Koeaineiston kasvuaika (taulukko 3) muodostui vv. 1950 ja 1953 eritt\u00e4in pitk\u00e4ksi tavallista my\u00f6hemp\u00e4\u00e4n jatkuneiden l\u00e4mpimien s\u00e4iden vuoksi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71434", "words": "2104", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Rolfes, M.", "title": "Die Betriebswirtschaftliche Beratung in Deutschland", "date": "1957", "keywords": "aber; auch; beratung; betriebswirtschaftliche; das; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; f\u00fcr; ist; mit; nicht; schulung; und; von; werden", "summary": "Aber auch heute gibt es Sonderaufgaben in der Beratung, die ganz spezifisch betriebswirtschaftlicher Art sind und die auch \u00fcber die Arbeitskapa- zit\u00e4t der allgemeinen Beratung hinausgehen. Ich m\u00f6chte die Entwicklung bis zum zweiten Weltkrieg kurz zusammenfassen; Die Beratung, die der grossen Masse der Landwirte zur Verf\u00fcgung stand, war organisatorisch mit dem niederen landwirtschaftlichen Schulwesen eng verbunden.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71435", "words": "3303", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "85", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "Overwintering of Gramineae-plants and parasitic fungi II. On the Typhula sp-.fungi in Finland", "date": "1957", "keywords": "a. j.; e. a.; exp; m. h.; sta", "summary": "M. H. = Matti Haavisto, E. A. J. = E. A. Jamalainen, A. Y. = Aarre Ylim\u00e4ki. Sta., 25. 4. 50; M. H.; 29. 5. 51: E. A. J.; 6. 6. 52: E. A. J Deschampsia sp. Kb Tohmaj\u00e4rvi, Exp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71436", "words": "3507", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Ruokola, Anna-Liisa", "title": "Torajyv\u00e4sienen, Claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul.:n, levi\u00e4misest\u00e4 ja torjunnasta", "date": "1957", "keywords": "den; der; des; die; ensi; ett\u00e4; infizierten; kpl; kuitenkin; mutterk\u00f6rner; oli; roggen; rukiin; saastutetun; tabelle; taulukko; torajyvi\u00e4; torajyv\u00e4sienen; t\u00e4hkien; viikin; von; vrt; vuosina", "summary": "Rukiin jyv\u00e4n suurentumista torajyv\u00e4n korjuun ja rukiin leikkuun v\u00e4lisen\u00e4 aikana ei ollut varmuudella todettavissa. Torajyv\u00e4n viljelykokeista Viikin koetilalla ja er\u00e4ill\u00e4 kasvinviljelyskoe- asemilla Suomessa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71437", "words": "1028", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "On the influence of plant cover upon soil temperature", "date": "1957", "keywords": "maan; plant; soil; temperature", "summary": "As the plant cover has an effect upon soil temperature (v., e.g., 1,6, 7), the presence of plant cover might have disturbed the investigations inasmuch as it would not have been similar in all the years of investigation and on all investigated sites. Soil temperatures at 10 and 20 cm depth. 1955.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71438", "words": "3008", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kivek\u00e4s, Jaakko", "title": "Turven\u00e4ytteiden kuivaamisen ja jauhamisen vaikutuksesta analyysituloksiin", "date": "1958", "keywords": "erotus; ett\u00e4; ilmakuiva; johdosta; kuin; kuivattamisen; n\u00e4ytteiden; n\u00e4ytteiss\u00e4; ole; ovat; sek\u00e4; soil; suoritettujen; tuore", "summary": "Tarkasteltaessa taulukossa 1 ilmoitettuja vesilietteest\u00e4 suoritettujen pH-m\u00e4\u00e4ritysten tuloksia, voidaan havaita, ett\u00e4 kuivattamisen ja jauhamisen j\u00e4l- keen suoritettujen mittauksien tulokset ovat jonkin verran suurempia kuin tuo- reesta materiaalista suoritettujen, ts. Havaitaan, ett\u00e4 kuivattamisen ja jauhamisen j\u00e4lkeen n\u00e4yt- teist\u00e4 on uuttunut huomattavasti enemm\u00e4n ammoniumtyppe\u00e4 kuin tuoreista, ja ett\u00e4 lis\u00e4ykset ovat tilastollisestikin luotettavia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71439", "words": "1403", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "M\u00e4kitie, Osmo", "title": "Viljavuusanalyysin tarkkuudesta", "date": "1958", "keywords": "eri; kun; laboratorioitten; ovat; sek\u00e4; soil; testing; viljavuustutkimuksen", "summary": "Koehenkil\u00f6iden suorittamien rinnakkaism\u00e4\u00e4ritysten vastaava m-% on kevyill\u00e4 mailla \u00b12.14 %, raskailla mailla \u00b10.95 % eli keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin \u00b11.38 % tilavuuspai- nosta (taul. T\u00e4m\u00e4 ero lis\u00e4\u00e4 uuttuneita ravinnem\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4 keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin seuraavasti; Ca ja K \u00b10.95 %, P \u00b10.25 % (1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71440", "words": "2358", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Suvenvuo, K. G.", "title": "Tytt\u00e4rien karjojen tuotantotason vaikutuksesta sonnien maidontuotantoarvoihin", "date": "1958", "keywords": "der; eri; ett\u00e4; karjojen; keskiarvotuotosten; maitotuotosten; my\u00f6s; ole; ovat; perusteella; sen; siis; sonnien; taulukossa; tuotantoluokassa; tuotantotason; tuotosten; tytt\u00e4ret; tytt\u00e4rien", "summary": "Jokaista son- nien tytt\u00e4rien maitotuotosta on verrattu karjansa keskiarvotuotokseen samana tarkkailuvuotena ja tytt\u00e4rien maitotuotosten sek\u00e4 karjojen keskiarvotuotosten keskiarvoista laskettu suhteelliset maidontuotantoarvot. Taulukossa 1 on esitetty tutkittujen sonnien tytt\u00e4rien tuotosten lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t ja maitotuotosten keskiarvot kolmelta ensimm\u00e4iselt\u00e4 tuotantovuodelta, kun aineisto on jaettu karjojen tuotantotason perusteella edell\u00e4 esitetyll\u00e4 tavalla.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71441", "words": "2697", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Hilli, Aarne", "title": "Siemenviljan it\u00e4vyytt\u00e4 alentavista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4", "date": "1958", "keywords": "bei; diagramm; gerste; hallan; it\u00e4vyys; it\u00e4vyytt\u00e4; kaksitahoisella; kauralla; kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4ll\u00e4; kpl; kuin; monitahoisella; n\u00e4ytteiden; ohralla; oli; piirros; proben; rukiilla; sek\u00e4; syysvehn\u00e4ll\u00e4; und", "summary": "i i i r ipl % ja monitahoisella ohralla (piirros 1), kauralla ja kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4ll\u00e4 (piirros 2) sek\u00e4 syysveh- n\u00e4ll\u00e4 ja rukiilla (piirros 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71442", "words": "3421", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Lignin studies III. Lignin as tracer in digestibility investigations", "date": "1958", "keywords": "coefficients; content; crude; digestibility; hay; lignin; method; methoxyl", "summary": "Lignin in organic matter % 7.9 13.4 16.6 11,6 11.9 \u201c 18.3 2LO Crude protein in crude lignin %of 21.3 19,2 18.1 16.2 17.2 16.8 14.0 crude lignin Lignin methoxyl %of lignin 12.9 13.2 12.4 11.8 10.2 11.5 11.5 Losses of lignin methoxyl % \u20142.3 3.9 8.5 20.9 10.9 10.9 Cow 3. Lignin in organic matter % 7.9 14.5 18.1 14.4 12.5 20.9 22.8 Crude protein in crude lignin %of 21.3 20.1 18.6 15.6 16.4 16.9 14.4 crude lignin \u25a0 Lignin methoxyl % of lignin 12.9 11.6 Losses of lignin methoxyl % 10.1 101 excretion of hippuric acid per 100 g lignin of food when less mature hay is fed and suppose the excretion of benzoic acid to indicate a metabolism of lignin in the animal body.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71443", "words": "3495", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Varo, Mikko; Vainikainen, Viljo", "title": "Der f\u00fcr Pferde verschiedenen Gewichts und Alters anzusetzende Zugwiderstand", "date": "1958", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; aus; bei; das; dass; den; der; des; die; eine; f\u00fcr; hat; hengste; ist; lebendgewicht; nach; nicht; pferde; sich; sind; und; von; zugergebnisse; zugf\u00e4higkeit; zugkraft; zwischen", "summary": "Die Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit der auf die Zugergebnisse von Stuten zu gr\u00fcndenden Nachkommenbeurteilung ist ebenfalls f\u00fcr sich vor- zunehmen. Die Gleichung der Regressionsgeraden, nach der der Zugwiderstand der \u00fcbrigen Gewichtsklassen bestimmt wird, lautet y 78.4 0.024 x in der x die Gewichtsklasse bedeutet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71444", "words": "4691", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Effect of superphosphate on the mobilization of nitrogen in a peat soil", "date": "1958", "keywords": "nitrogen; nitrogen content; plots; samples; soil; superphosphate", "summary": "The data for ammonium nitrogen content are of the same mag- nitude in both years, but the nitrate nitrogen content seems to be considerably higher in the latter year. In the plots of the highest treatment with superphosphate both the ammonium and nitrate nitrogen contents as well as their sums are distinctly higher than in the untreated plots.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71445", "words": "3265", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Nikkil\u00e4, Olavi E.; Linko, Reino R.", "title": "Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs: The effect on moulds II", "date": "1958", "keywords": "acid; benzoic; growth; hexamethylenetetramine; medium; preservatives", "summary": "Also the efficiency of hexa- methylenetetramine is slightly lower at pH 7, but ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate and vitamin K 5 are equally effective in neutral and in acid medium. When only the concentrations of the undissociated, microbiostatically active fractions are compared, it is seen that they are lower in neutral than in acid medium, which is in accordance with earlier observations (6).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71446", "words": "4311", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Availability for plants of phosphorus in some virgin peat samples", "date": "1958", "keywords": "acid; csp; inorganic; lcp; peat; phosphorus; pot; samples; scp", "summary": "EuSCp v'i 5.6 0.25 9.8 14000 640 500 78 135 Table 2. Inorganic phosphorus in peat samples (Expressed as mg/1 of soil) Extracted by Sample Total 0.5 N 1 % 0.1 N water acetic acid citric acid HjSOj 1. Changes in the content of inorganic and organic phosphorus in peat samples incubated for four months at 27\u00b0C Inorganic P mg/1 Organic P mg/1 Sample original incubated increase original incubated decrease 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71447", "words": "6599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Manner, Rolf", "title": "Studies on seed-setting in leguminous plants. I. Peas", "date": "1958", "keywords": "length; material; mean; node; number; ovules; percentage; plant; pods; seeds; table; weight", "summary": "The length The breadth Number of Number of Number of Number of Length of Seed of the of the of the ovules fully deve- defective dead peduncle, weight, pod pods, milli- pods, milli- per ovary loped seeds seeds ovules milli- milligrams metres metres metres per pod First 64 11.5 6.5 5.7 0.6 0.2 101 1648 Second 65 11.5 6.8 6.1 0.4 0.3 84 1796 Third 66 11.9 7.0 6.3 0.6 0.1 81 1728 Central 63 11.4 6.5 5.6 0.6 0.3 88 1610 The brea- Number Number Number Number Length Seed of the node of the dth of the of ovules of fully of of of pe- weight, and pod number pods, pods, per developed defective dead duncle, milli- and pod position milli- milli- ovary seeds seeds ovules milli- grams metres metres metres per pod One pod per node Lowest 5 68 11.8 7.0 6.6 0.2 0.2 115 2084 Central 5 64 11.2 7.0 6.6 0.4 80 1886", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71448", "words": "5960", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Manner, Rolf", "title": "Studies on seed-setting in leguminous plants. II. Vetches", "date": "1958", "keywords": "material; number; number number; ovules; peas; plant; pods; seeds", "summary": "The length, The breadth Number Number Number Number Seed of the node n of the of the of of fully of of dead weight and pod pods, pods ovules developed defective ovules milligrams number millimetres millimetres per ovary seeds seeds per pod One pod per node Lowest 11 67 9.9 8.7 7.8 0.9 617 Central 25 68 9.8 8.9 6.6 1.9 0.4 485 Highest 11 63 9.7 8.1 6.7 1.3 0.1 351 Mean 66 9.8 8.7 7.0 1.5 0.2 484 Two podsper node Lowest 40 69 9.8 9.2 8.3 0.6 0.3 661 The figures are as follows: Number of pods Number of Number of Number of Number of per plant ovules per fully developed defective dead ovules plant seeds per plant seeds per plant per plant 6 7 53.4 45.9 6.6 0,9 B\u2014l 2 83.8 70.4 12.1 1.3 13\u201418 122.9 98.7 19.7 4.5 From this it appears that when the number of fully developed seeds is increasing with about 115 per cent the number of defective seeds is increasing with about 200 per cent and the number of dead ovules with 400 per cent.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71449", "words": "3306", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "H\u00e5rdh, J. E.; Sulkinoja, M.", "title": "Alternaria-, Fusarium- ja Venturia-iti\u00f6den runsaus ilmassa", "date": "1958", "keywords": "aikana; air; alternaria; ett\u00e4; fusarium; ilman; ilmassa; iti\u00f6iden; iti\u00f6it\u00e4; jolloin; klo; kpl; kuva; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; oli; sateen; sek\u00e4; sen; spore; trap; vain; venturia; vuorokauden", "summary": "Vuonna 1957, jolloin alkukes\u00e4 oli runsassateinen ja jolloin sateen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 oli suurin 11.6., todettiin Alternaria-iti\u00f6it\u00e4 runsaimmin sanottuna p\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4 (kuva 3). p\u00e4ivin\u00e4 oli vuorokauden keskil\u00e4mp\u00f6 huomattavan korkea Sanot- tuna aikana oli 14 sadep\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4, ja vuorokauden sadem\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 kunakin sadep\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4 alle 5 mm.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71450", "words": "1485", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Varo, Mikko; Vainikainen, Viljo", "title": "\u00dcber die Bedeutung des Maximalergebnisses bei Beurteilung der Zugkraft des Pferdes", "date": "1958", "keywords": "als; bei; das; dass; den; der; des; die; f\u00fcr; ist; nach; und; von; zugkraft", "summary": "Der Zugwiderstand, der bei der ersten Stufe bei einem vierj\u00e4hrigen Pferd 25 % des Lebendgewichtes ausmacht, steigt nach jeder Stufe um f\u00fcnf Prozent des Lebendgewichtes, und als endg\u00fcltiges Zugergebnis wird die Ordnungszahl der letzten einwandfrei gezogenen Stufe, die Stufenzahl, vermerkt. Die Abnahme der Stufen- https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=bpc5lodZsa6U15zH.P9fgzKphZ8Y8R6YTS1vPPg.5JCnilvBcfJlAaLkTZlut34u_nqY5h81vQtSy4HhmBWfgKSTISq9zvp7qAoi3RFxsX2iGZ2bCYZptFK3sfmwM6jjCwd2IDryXmHWQNZzI0pyW5Ll18vmlBiaTX2dM9E8Jwa-6_Uduwt_Pcgy6jYWiyvDQajFlBIA5SZ_wVWAm1ngnU6Ki5GzMIsqLQ8opw 173 zahlen scheint zwar sp\u00e4ter haltgemacht zu haben, aber in Anbetracht der starken Verminderung in der Anzahl der f\u00fcr das Stammbuch angebotenen Hengste scheint es offensichtlich, dass das Interesse, das h\u00f6chste Zugergebnis zu erlangen, infolge der \u00c4nderung der besprochenen Vorschrift merklich abgenommen hat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71451", "words": "3879", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Yl\u00e4nen, Mikko", "title": "Pihatossa saatavan lannan ominaisuuksista", "date": "1958", "keywords": "aikana; der; des; die; edell\u00e4; eri; ett\u00e4; kalia; kertainen; kes\u00e4n; kohdalla; kuiva; lannan; lannassa; mukaan; my\u00f6s; noin; n\u00e4ytteet; oli; ovat; ryhm\u00e4; trsbst; typen; und", "summary": "Lis\u00e4ksi on muodostettu viel\u00e4 kaksi ryhm\u00e4\u00e4, joista toiseen kuuluvat lantakerroksen pohja- osasta ja toiseen pintaosasta otetut n\u00e4ytteet. Ryjm\u00e4t 111 ja IV tuor.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71452", "words": "3767", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Uotila, Irja", "title": "Nautakarjan kivenn\u00e4isaineiden sy\u00f6nnist\u00e4 laitumella. I", "date": "1958", "keywords": "aikana; animal; cows; day; el\u00e4int\u00e4; fodder; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kohti; kokeessa; kuin; lehm\u00e4t; mixture; oli; ruokasuolaa; salt; s\u00f6iv\u00e4t; test", "summary": "Kalsiumia s\u00f6iv\u00e4t el\u00e4imet hiehoa kohti keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 23.2 g/p ja fosforia 10.8 g/p eli siis enemm\u00e4n kuin lehm\u00e4t (ks. koe II). Magnesia-seoksen sis\u00e4lt\u00e4m\u00e4ss\u00e4 magnesiumkarbonaattilis\u00e4ss\u00e4 sai- vat lehm\u00e4t el\u00e4int\u00e4 kohti 0.23 g/p ja luujauhoissa 0.31 g/p magnesiumia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71453", "words": "7162", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Editor, Editor", "title": "Abstracts of papers concerning horticulture, plant pathology and pest investigations of annual meeting of the agricultural research centre in 1958", "date": "1958", "keywords": "cent; cereals; control; depart; effect; experiments; parathion; plants; preparations; results; seed; tikkurila; variety; winter; yield", "summary": "The substances used in control experiments were the same as those used in the control experiments of cabbage and turnips root flies. ln variety experiments during last sum- mer no results were received because of the slightness of damages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71454", "words": "4240", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Effect of various kinds of phosphorus fertilizers on a peat soil", "date": "1958", "keywords": "hay; phosphate; phosphorus; plots; rock; rock phosphate; samples; superphosphate", "summary": "2P rock = 260 kg/ha of ground rock phosphate Basic slag which in 1948 was replaced by rock phosphate was applied in amounts containing citric acid soluble P 20 5 as much as the corresponding amount of super- phosphate contained ammonium citrate soluble P.,0 5, or 20 and 40 kg/ha, respect- ively. The uptake of rock phosphate phosphorus was relatively lower from the higher applications.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71455", "words": "4333", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kivinen, Erkki; Kaila, Armi", "title": "Peat as a source of nitrogen for plants in pot culture", "date": "1958", "keywords": "mineral; mineral nitrogen; nitrogen; peat; peat nitrogen; peat samples; pot; samples", "summary": "An objective of this paper will also be the consideration of the correspondence of the results of incubation experiments and the actual uptake of peat nitrogen by plants. Owing to the air-drying and grinding of the samples, probably a marked mine- ralization of peat nitrogen has already occurred in most of them (cf. 5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71456", "words": "3398", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Niilo", "title": "Salaojien ruostetukkeutumien torjumisesta vesilukkoja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4", "date": "1958", "keywords": "drain; ennen; ett\u00e4; ilman; j\u00e4lkeen; kuin; laskuaukon; laskuaukosta; mg/1; my\u00f6s; ojassa; ojasto; oli; ollut; outlet; ovat; rust; sakan; sediment; sen; sit\u00e4; traps; veden; voidaan; vuoksi; water", "summary": "Mainitut vedet tulisi sen vuoksi johtaa omaa salaojajohtoaan my\u00f6ten joko omaan laskuaukkoonsa tai vasta ojaston laskuaukon ja sen yl\u00e4puolella olevan vesilukon v\u00e4lill\u00e4 yhteiseen lasku- aukkoon. Sakan yleinen v\u00e4ri oli selv\u00e4sti harmaampi kuin ennen koetta avatuissa ojissa 4 ja 5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71457", "words": "2898", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne", "title": "Juomaveden merkityksest\u00e4 varttuneitten vasikoitten ja nuorten hiehojen ruokinnassa", "date": "1958", "keywords": "eri; hiehojen; koejaksoina; kohti; kuin; kuiva; maitoa; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; saivat; vapaasti; vasikoitten; veden; vesim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; vett\u00e4; water", "summary": "p. 198; 12, p. 748; 15, p. 41) mainitsevat kokeista, joitten mukaan hein\u00e4n ja v\u00e4kirehun ja samalla my\u00f6s kuiva-aineen sy\u00f6nti suurenee, jos vasikat maidon lis\u00e4ksi saavat vett\u00e4, vaikka ruokinnassa k\u00e4ytett\u00e4isiin runsaasti kuorittua maitoa. Kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 1951 suoritettiin viidell\u00e4 eri ik\u00e4isell\u00e4 vasikalla alustava koe, miss\u00e4 juomam\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4, johon kuului kuorittua maitoa ja vett\u00e4, lis\u00e4ttiin vain v\u00e4h\u00e4isiss\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4- rin l\u00e4ht\u00f6kohtana tilalla aikaisemmin k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4 ollut verraten v\u00e4h\u00e4inen juoma- m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71458", "words": "5100", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "Experiments on the use of some chloronitrobenzene and organic mercury compounds for the control of low-temperature parasitic fungi on winter cereals", "date": "1958", "keywords": "experiments; fungi; fusarium; mould; pcnb; pma; rye; seed; treatment; winter", "summary": "In tests with winter rye varieties at the North Savo Experiment Station, differences with regard to the amount of Fusarium mould were found between the different varieties and also between the check plots and the plots treated with PCNB (Table 3). Check 60 20 1260 100 PMS, Mercadmine, 4.7 kg/ha, spray 0 0 2360 187 PMS, Merculine, 4.7 kg/ha, spray 0 0 2780 220 PCNB, Avicol, 25 kg/ha, dust 5 + 2040 1625 F-value = 70.065***, m % = 2.79, significant difference = 356 kg 11l Rekola, observation plots on mould soil, Pekka rye variety, plots 14.5 sq.m., one replicate, sown Sept. 5, treatment with PCNB preparation Botrilex 25 kg/ha used at each dusting.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71459", "words": "2862", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Varis, Anna-Liisa", "title": "On the importance of the sowing time of crucifers in preventing the damage caused by cabbage maggots (Hylemyia spp), on the basis of tests made on big-leafed turnip", "date": "1958", "keywords": "cabbage; damage; sowing; time; yields", "summary": "Some differences have occuiTed regarding the damage in different sowing times, but in South-Finland these have varied in different years. When the severity of the damage caused by the cabbage maggots is examined at the dates of examination approximately corresponding to the dates presented above, the following table is obtained: Date of Date of Percentage Average of sowing harvesting of damage damage 15. 5 17. 8.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71460", "words": "1607", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Kurki, Lea", "title": "Gibberellihapon vaikutuksesta er\u00e4isiin puutarhakasveihin", "date": "1958", "keywords": "acid; ett\u00e4; freesia; gibberellihapon; oli; plants", "summary": "Wittwerui ja BuKOVAcin (17) kokeissa saatiin tutki- tuista parsakaali-lajikkeista markkinoitavaa satoa 10\u201415 p\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4 normaalia aikai- semmin, kun niit\u00e4 oli viikottain k\u00e4sitelty gibberellihapolla niin monta kertaa, ett\u00e4 kukin kasviyksil\u00f6 sie- mensadon tuleentumisen ja sadon aikaisuuden kannalta jopa ratkaiseva merkitys.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71461", "words": "2049", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Varis, Anna-Liisa", "title": "On the susceptibility of the different varieties of big-leafed turnip to damage caused by cabbage maggots (Hylemyia spp.)", "date": "1958", "keywords": "average; damage; round; turnip; varieties; years", "summary": "The damage varied considerably in different varieties during different years. The abundance and severity of damage varies in different years, as well as in different species and varieties.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71462", "words": "6562", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne", "title": "Viikin opetus- ja koetilalla noudatettu lehm\u00e4vasikoitten ruokintaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4", "date": "1958", "keywords": "age; calves; ett\u00e4; heini\u00e4; hein\u00e4n; ik\u00e4\u00e4n; i\u00e4ss\u00e4; j\u00e4lkeen; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kg ja; koetilalla; kohti; koska; kuin; kuiva; kun; kuorittua; kuuden; kuukauden; lis\u00e4ksi; maidon; maitoa; menness\u00e4; milk; months; mukaan; my\u00f6s; noin; oli; ovat; paino; saivat; sek\u00e4; standardiruokinnalla; t\u00e4ysimaitoa; vapaasti; vasikat; vasikoilla; vasikoitten; viikon; vuoden; v\u00e4kirehua", "summary": "Edelleen n\u00e4ytti silt\u00e4 kuin vasikoitten ja hiehojen runsas ruokinta saattaisi johtaa hedelm\u00e4llisyyden heikkenemiseen. Ainoastaan kolmelta vasikalta tunnetaan hein\u00e4n kulutus yhden kuukauden i\u00e4ss\u00e4 ja oli kullakin vasikallanoin 100 gramman suuruus- luokkaa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71463", "words": "2440", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Valle, Otto", "title": "Experiences with Canadian Altaswede and Swedish commercial red clover in Finland", "date": "1958", "keywords": "altaswede; clover; commercial; red; tammisto; year", "summary": "Averagewinter winter year year year year 1955 .. origin Ist 2nd Ist 2nd Ist 2ndplanting Averagewinter winter year year year year Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Plant Husbandry, Tikkurila, latit, 60\u00b018' 1952", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71464", "words": "2104", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Aura, Klaus", "title": "Ryv\u00e4ssipulin (Allium cepa L. v. Solaninum alef.) id\u00e4tyksen vaikutuksesta kukintojen kehittymiseen ja sipulin versomiseen varastossa", "date": "1958", "keywords": "days; flower; germination; oli; onions; sipulin; stalks; storage; week", "summary": "Onion germination experiment 15. Left ungerminated onions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71465", "words": "1982", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Vuorinen, Jouko", "title": "On the amounts of minor elements in Finnish soils", "date": "1958", "keywords": "amounts; clay; elements; peat; soils", "summary": "ON THE AMOUNTS OF MINOR ELEMENTS IN FINNISH SOILS Jouko Vuorinen Agricultural Research Centre Department of Soil Science, Helsinki Received December 12, 1957 In agricultural development one of the most certain increasers of productivity is the intensifying of fertilization. A long \u00bbrobbery\u00bb cultivation towards minor elements is a fact in agriculture nowa- days.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71466", "words": "1528", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Vuorinen, Jouko", "title": "Syv\u00e4kastelun ja olkikatteen vaikutuksesta maaveden j\u00e4nnitykseen aitosaven pohjamaassa", "date": "1958", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; fig; maan; maaveden; moisture; noin; oli; pohjamaan; sen; soil; vain", "summary": "ja saavutti vas- taavasti my\u00f6hemmin (17.7.) Sen vuoksi olisi meill\u00e4 varottava kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 maan liiallista kuivumista ja suojeltava ja lis\u00e4tt\u00e4v\u00e4 maan kos-", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71467", "words": "3855", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Vuorinen, Jouko", "title": "Omenapuun juuristosta", "date": "1958", "keywords": "fig; halkaisija; hyvin; juuret; juuristo; juurten; kuin; latvuksen; melko; metrin; mutta; oli; piirr; piirros; puun; root; rungon; rungosta; soil; system; trees; ulottuu; vain", "summary": "Puun ik\u00e4 4 vuotta, latvuksen halkaisija 1.2 m ja puun korkeus 2.2 m sek\u00e4 rungon halkaisia y, metrin korkeudessa 36 mm. Maalaji on hyvin j\u00e4ykk\u00e4 aitosavi ja puun ik\u00e4 noin 18 vuotta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71468", "words": "2528", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Valle, Otto", "title": "Jonni Otto Sauli", "date": "1958", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; aus; den; der; des; die; eine; finnischen; finnland; f\u00fcr; jahre; mit; sauli; sich; tammisto; und; von; war; wurde", "summary": "Die meisten der von ihm entwickelten Zuchtsorten fanden Eingang in die Praxis in den ersten Jahr- zehnten der Selbst\u00e4ndigkeit Finnlands, in einer Zeit, als in der sich intensivierenden Pflanzenerzeugung Finnlands des Landsortenmaterial namentlich in den mittleren und n\u00f6rdlichen Teilen des Landes schnell durch veredelte Sorten zu ersetzen war Einige dieser von Sauli entwickelten Zuchtsorten von Tammisto haben auch heute noch nicht ihre Bedeutung verloren. Sauli war als Pers\u00f6nlichkeit r\u00fccksichtsvoll und angenehm.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71469", "words": "1932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Saarinen, P.; Syrj\u00e4nen, E.; Hyv\u00e4rinen, Vuokko", "title": "Kokeita automaattiruokinnan j\u00e4rjest\u00e4miseksi meijerisikalassa. II", "date": "1958", "keywords": "consumption; ett\u00e4; feed; group; hera; increase; kokeen; kuin; oli; perusrehu; ryhm\u00e4; weight; whey; ynn\u00e4", "summary": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n j\u00e4lkeen alkoi kuivaheraryhm\u00e4 j\u00e4\u00e4d\u00e4 huomattavasti j\u00e4lkeen, ja se oli teuraskuntoinen vasta 4 viikkoa my\u00f6hemmin kuin muut ryhm\u00e4t. points increasek kS % 1 2 3 kesk,rn ' in carcassAvera*e weight.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71470", "words": "5164", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Saarinen, Pellervo", "title": "\u201cCholesterogenic\" dietary factors and milk and milk fat yields in dairy cows", "date": "1959", "keywords": "crude; dig; fat; fat intake; intake; level; milk; protein; results; trials; weight; yield", "summary": "r 13;245 =-0.0345 r 14;235 r12;34g ==-0.0062 r 13;24g =+0.0124 r 14;236 r12;356 24 =-0.1002 rIKM =+0.1285 +0.1921 r 1&;M =-0.4486 r 16;25 =+0.4528 +0.2128 rl5!84 =-0.1755 r l6.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71471", "words": "1449", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kivi, Erkki I.", "title": "Notes on the incidence of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici) at Tammisto in the summer of 1958", "date": "1959", "keywords": "rust; stem; varieties; wheat", "summary": "The resistance of different spring wheat varieties to wheat stem rust at Tammisto in the summer of 1958. It seems that the 1958 occurrence of wheat stem rust must be attributed chiefly to the lateness of growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71472", "words": "1511", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Gyllenberg, Helge; Niemel\u00e4, Seppo", "title": "A selective method for the demonstration of bifid bacteria (Lactobacillus bifidus) in materials tested for faecal contamination", "date": "1959", "keywords": "method; type; water", "summary": "The significance of type Bt in foods and water is still to be assessed accurately, but for the present it can be concluded that the method described here is highly selective for type B x which is a typical intestinal organism, though hitherto not proved as occurring regularly in other environments. The subtype occurring regularly in the faeces of human adults is referred to as type B 1 in tables 1 and 2, and it seems most convenient, therefore, to select this subtype as an indicator in the demonstration of faecal contamination in foods and/or water samples on the basis of the occurrence of bifid bacteria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71473", "words": "1528", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "S\u00e4k\u00f6, Jaakko", "title": "Sahajauhopeitteen k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 omenapuuperusrunkojen suvuttomassa lis\u00e4yksess\u00e4", "date": "1959", "keywords": "cover; hyvin; juurien; kuin; malus; robusta; sawdust; sek\u00e4; shoots; soil; vesoja; vesojen", "summary": "Juurien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ja mittaustulokset hyvin ja keskinkertaisesti juurtuneista Malus robusta N:o 5-vesoista sahajauho- ja multapeitett\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en Tabel 2. ja multapeitteess\u00e4 kasvaneiden Malus robusta N:o 5-vesojen juurien paino Table 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71474", "words": "7327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Puustj\u00e4rvi, Viljo", "title": "On the cation uptake mechanism of Sphagnum mosses", "date": "1959", "keywords": "base; difference; growth; hydrogen; ions; moss; mosses; peat; potential; titration", "summary": "It can be seen that the strength and exchange capacity of the acidoids has gone down slightly under the effect of drying and that the differences have increased with an increasing pH. On the other hand the mutual relations of the moss and peat samples did not undergo any noteworthy changes due to the drying of the samples. Results For the determination of the base equilibrium of mosses and their substrates, about 60 pairs of moss and peat samples were investigated.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71475", "words": "4737", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Effect on a peat soil of application of superphosphate at various rates", "date": "1959", "keywords": "hay; phosphorus; plots; potassium; samples; soil; superphosphate", "summary": "A comparison of these figures with the phosphorus content of the hay yield harvested in 1957 indicates that either the phosphorus uptake of the crop plants has been lower in the previous years, or the plants have been compelled to resort to soil phosphorus in a considerable degree. Soil samples were collected in September 1956 from the ploughing layers of all the plots.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71476", "words": "2504", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "H\u00e5rdh, J. E.", "title": "Pensasmustikan viljely\u00e4 haittaavista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4 Suomessa", "date": "1959", "keywords": "1958; blueberry; cassandrae; ett\u00e4; fig; fusicoccum; godronia; june; kuva; my\u00f6s; ole; oli; ovat; pensasmustikan; piikki\u00f6ss\u00e4; putrefaciens; rancocas; runsaasti; sek\u00e4; sen; tai", "summary": "poistettiin muovi, ja t\u00e4ll\u00f6in oli Piikki\u00f6n sieni- isolaatilla inokuloiduista versoista kolmessa tyypilliset sinert\u00e4v\u00e4t laikut, Kanadasta saadulla sieni-isolaatilla inokuloiduista niinik\u00e4\u00e4n kolmessa, kun taas kontrolliver- soissa oli haava umpeutunut eik\u00e4 laikkua ollut niiss\u00e4 havaittavissa. Puutarhantutkimuslaitoksella suoritettiin v. 1958 lukui- sia eristyksi\u00e4 sairaista lehdist\u00e4, ja t\u00e4ll\u00f6in saatiin puhdas viljelyin\u00e4 Botrytis cinerean kaltaista sient\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71477", "words": "1840", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Haaranen, S.", "title": "Aureomycin (Clortetracycline) feeding test on calves and heifers suffering from indigestion", "date": "1959", "keywords": "control; group; heifers; test", "summary": "Aureomycin test on heifers, with indigestion. AUREOMYCIN {CLORTETRACYCLINE) FEEDING TEST ON CALVES AND HEIFERS SUFFERING FROM INDIGESTION S. Haaranen Institute of Pharmacology , Veterinary College, Helsinki Recevied January 21, 1959 A small addition of certain antibioties to the daily feed often produces a notable improvement in the condition of the test animal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71478", "words": "5513", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Uotila, Irja", "title": "Nautakarjan kivenn\u00e4isaineiden sy\u00f6nnist\u00e4 laitumella. II", "date": "1959", "keywords": "cows; el\u00e4int\u00e4; kohti; kokeessa; kuin; lehmien; lehm\u00e4t; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; oli; phosphate; ruokasuolaa; s\u00f6iv\u00e4t; test", "summary": "V. 1958 suoritetuissa kokeissa ne saivat kokeessa I 74 % Na-sta Na-fosfaa- tista ja kokeessa II 42 %. Seos I sis\u00e4lsi p\u00e4\u00e4osalta dikalsiumfosfaattia ja kalsiumkarbonaattia ja seos II dikal- siumfosfaattia ja ruokasuolaa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71479", "words": "3904", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Linko, Reino R.; Nikkil\u00e4, Olavi E.", "title": "Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs. III Hexamethylenetetramine as mold inhibitor and the antagonistic action of amino acids", "date": "1959", "keywords": "acid; concentration; cysteine; effect; growth; hexamethylenetetramine; medium; respiration; tryptophan", "summary": "The work described below relates to the antagonistic action of amino acids and some other compounds on the inhibition of mold growth by hexamethylene- tetramine. The variation of the respiration ofP.viridatum with increasing cysteine concentration in the presence (curve II) and absence (curve I) of hexamethylenetetramine.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71480", "words": "2161", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; Jahkola, Berit", "title": "Digestibility of brewers\u2019 grains by swine", "date": "1959", "keywords": "brewers; digestibility; grains; matter; substances; table", "summary": "For safety\u2019s sake the samples of faeces for digestibility determinations were taken as late as on the 6th and 7th days. In our experiments the samples were taken in the morning on two consecutive days, and each of these samples was used separately for digestibility determinations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71481", "words": "2933", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Ring, Orvo", "title": "Syysvehn\u00e4n valkuaispitoisuudesta", "date": "1959", "keywords": "der; des; die; eri; ett\u00e4; ist; jyvien; kpl; k\u00f6rner; oli; sorte; tabelle; t\u00e4hk\u00e4n; und; valkuaispitoisuus; varma; vehn\u00e4n", "summary": "Jo yleissilm\u00e4ys * Kasvinviljelyslaitoksen kertomukset v. 1955 ja 1957. P\u00e4\u00e4telm\u00e4t Saman vehn\u00e4lajikkeen eri yksil\u00f6iden ja samankin yksil\u00f6n eri t\u00e4hkien sek\u00e4 eri t\u00e4hk\u00e4n osista kasvaneiden jyvien valkuaispitoisuudet ja painot vaihtelevat hyvin paljon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71482", "words": "931", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Ik\u00e4heimo, Katri", "title": "Ophiobolus graminis sacc. todettu maassamme kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4ss\u00e4", "date": "1959", "keywords": "graminis; oli; olivat; ophiobolus; sacc; spring; wheat", "summary": "Studies on Ophiobolus graminis Sacc. and the take-all disease of wheat. Table on p. 182), a province in South Finland, the presence of Ophiobolus graminis Sacc. has been determined.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71483", "words": "1845", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "S\u00e4k\u00f6, Jaakko", "title": "Urearuiskutusten vaikutus omenapuun lehtien typpipitoisuuteen", "date": "1959", "keywords": "apple; ett\u00e4; kuin; leaves; lehdiss\u00e4; lehtien; nitrogen; oli; omenapuiden; puiden; sprays; trees; urea", "summary": "Runsassateisen loppukes\u00e4n aikana kontrollipuiden lehtien typpipitoisuus kohosi ja oli syyskuun puoliv\u00e4liss\u00e4 selv\u00e4sti suurempi kuin kes\u00e4- omenapuiden lehtien typpi- ja samalla niiden kloro- fyllipitoisuus saada suuremmaksi kuin siin\u00e4 tapauksessa, ett\u00e4 sama typpim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 annetaan maahan.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71484", "words": "2236", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "S\u00e4k\u00f6, Jaakko", "title": "Omenien varastoimisesta alhaisessa l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilassa", "date": "1959", "keywords": "apples; kaneli; kuin; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilassa; mallon; oli; omenat; omenien; omenissa; sen; storage; varaston", "summary": "Niiss\u00e4 todettiin, ettei varaston l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan pit\u00e4minen +s\u00b0 C:ssa aikaansaanut omenien s\u00e4ilymisess\u00e4 selv\u00e4\u00e4 paran- nusta verrattuna tavalliseen tuuletusvarastoon varastoituihin omeniin. Seuraavassa selvitet\u00e4\u00e4n muutamien Suomessa viljeltyjen omenalajikkeiden varastointia alle 0\u00b0 C:n l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilassa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71485", "words": "2725", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni; Halkilahti, Anna Marja; Antila, Simo", "title": "On the effects of the club root fungus (Plasmodiophora brassicae woron) and winter frost on the overwintering of winter turnip rape", "date": "1959", "keywords": "overwintering; plants; rape; root; tap; turnip; winter", "summary": "In two of the experiments the ratio of club root diseased plants was studied in the autumn (Table 1); the number of plants examined was 2770 in 1950 and 1735 in 1952. According to Haavisto (3, 4), Valle (11), Breitenstein (2), Jamalainen (6, 7), and Pohjakallio & Salonen (10) the overwintering of winter turnip rape in Finland is threatenedby low temperaturefungi, winter frost, soil frost, ice scorch and surface water; in addition, the larvae of the cabbage root fly ( Hylemyia brassicae) can reduce its winterhardiness.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71486", "words": "1777", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6; Takala, Mauri", "title": "Some results of measurements at the Leteensuo experimental station relating to the temperatures of air and soil and to the humidity of air in the summer of 1958", "date": "1959", "keywords": "bog; mean; mineral; soil; temperature; thermometers", "summary": "At the Experimental Station of Leteensuo it was found that no sprouting in ear occurred on cultivated bog areas, whereas its occurrence was considerable on mineral soil. According to his in- vestigations, the mean air temperature during the growing period in a thermometer hut at 1.6 m height was largely the same over clay soil and bog soil, and the same applied to an observation height of 0.5 m. The minimum temperatures, on the other hand, were 1.3\u00b0 C lower over cultivated bog areas than over mineral soil (3, p. 11).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71487", "words": "1208", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; Jahkola, Berit", "title": "Digestibility of soybean oil and rape oil by swine", "date": "1959", "keywords": "day; digestibility; oil; pig; rape", "summary": "The digestibility of rape oil appeared to be very slightly inferior to that of soybean oil. Discussion In some rodents the digestibility of rape oil seems to be exceptionally low.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71488", "words": "4724", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Retention of phosphate by peat samples", "date": "1959", "keywords": "aluminum; iron; peat; phosphate; samples; soils", "summary": "Among the few works concerning peat soils the papers by Doughty (1, 2) and Kasakow (6) may be mentioned. Obviously, the retention of phosphate by peat soils may be connected with several factors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71489", "words": "2752", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Editor, Editor", "title": "Abstracts of papers concerning horticulture, plant pathology and pest investigations at the annual meeting of the agricultural research centre in 1959", "date": "1959", "keywords": "conductivity; leaves; plants; rot; varieties; variety; yield", "summary": "The flower buds developed as rapidly on untreated as on treated plants. As a result of the physiological dryness, the conductivity of plant sap and the malonic acid content of the fruits increase.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71490", "words": "2642", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4, Mikko", "title": "The influence of the initial soil moisture content on the degree of water stable aggregation as determined by wet sieving", "date": "1959", "keywords": "aggregate; air; content; field; moisture; results; samples; soil; wetting", "summary": "Air-drying, no doubt, gives a more uniform initial moisture content of soil samples prior to the aggregate analysis even though it may decrease the amount of larger aggregates in favor of smaller ones (1, 3,8, 13). The results of several other investigators concerning the seasonal variation support those achieved by Alderfer when analyzing soil samples at equal initial moisture content (2, 4,5, 6,7).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71491", "words": "2092", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Markkula, Martti; Valle, Otto", "title": "Puna-apilan siementuholaisten esiintyminen ja runsaus Suomessa v. 1936", "date": "1959", "keywords": "apilan; apilanirpun; apion; apricans; assimile; clover; ett\u00e4; kuva; lajin; oli; puna; runsaus", "summary": "Puna-apilan siementuholaisten levinneisyys, runsaus ja tuhoisuus Suomessa sek\u00e4 tuhojen torjunta. Kes\u00e4ll\u00e4 1958 Tuho- cl\u00e4intutkimuslaitokselle hankitussa puna-apilan myker\u00f6n\u00e4yteaineistossa oli erit- t\u00e4in runsaasti apilan siemens\u00e4\u00e4sken toukkia, ja ne olivat n\u00e4ytteiden sis\u00e4lt\u00e4mist\u00e4 Kuva 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71492", "words": "3893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Uotila, Irja", "title": "Herne ja virna lypsylehmien rehuna", "date": "1959", "keywords": "crude; ett\u00e4; fat; fodder; group; herneen; hernett\u00e4; meal; milk; niiden; oli; pea; period; protein; rehujen; ryhm\u00e4; table; tai; test; vetch; virnaa; v\u00e4kirehujen", "summary": "Seosviljelyss\u00e4 (tavallisesti kauran kanssa) lakoutumisen vaara on pienempi, ja herne- ja virna tuleentuvat niiss\u00e4 aikaisemmin, joten niit\u00e4 voidaan viljell\u00e4 nykyist\u00e4 pohjoisempana. Onpa todettu, ett\u00e4 seosviljelyksess\u00e4 tuleentuminen tapahtuu nopeammin, joten se tekee mahdolliseksi herneen ja virnan viljelyn satoja kilometrej\u00e4 niiden nykyisi\u00e4 viljelyrajoja pohjoisempana.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71493", "words": "1212", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6; Takala, Mauri", "title": "The significance of nitrogen mobilization with respect to the development of barley", "date": "1959", "keywords": "development; fen; nitrogen; period; soil; temperature", "summary": "Taulukossa 1 esitet\u00e4\u00e4n ohran eri kehitysvaiheet sek\u00e4 taulukossa 2 ilman ja maan l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila. Selostus; Er\u00e4it\u00e4 ilman ja maan l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilaa sek\u00e4 ilman kosteutta koeskevia mittaustuloksia Leteensuon koeasemalta kes\u00e4ll\u00e4 1958.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71494", "words": "2891", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; Roine, Paavo; Uksila, Erkki; Sirenius, Ritva; Sauri, Helle; Unkila, Hilkka", "title": "A comparative investigation on the use of rapeseed oil and soybean oil in the feeding of swine", "date": "1959", "keywords": "animals; consumption; experiment; feeding; group; oil; water", "summary": "feeding Group Drinking Total Total Drinking Total Total water water water per water water water per F. U. F. U. R 3.82 6.21 3.20 4.55 8.36 2.63 S 3.07 5.55 2.78 4.21 8.80 2.31 Table 7. The weight of the animals in group R varied from 22.4\u201434.8 kg the average being 27.8 kg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71495", "words": "3642", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Effect of superphosphate on the retention of phosphorus by peat soil", "date": "1959", "keywords": "aluminum; content; iron; peat; phosphate; samples; soil; solution", "summary": "In the present paper this problem is treated on the basis of results obtained from the analyses of soil samples originating from a field trial on peat soil to which superphosphate has been continuously applied at different rates for 34 years. According to Ter\u00e4s- vuori, it represents the sesquioxide-bound inorganic phosphorus on which in acid soils the maintaining of the phosphorus concentration in soil solution largely depends.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71496", "words": "6612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kivek\u00e4s, Jaakko; Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Observations on the mobilization of peat nitrogen in incubation experiments", "date": "1959", "keywords": "ammonium nitrogen; incubation; nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen; peat; samples", "summary": "The effect of incubation on the pH Hao of peat samples No before 1 month of 3 months of incubation incubation incubation unlim- lim- unlim- limed ed ed ed Samples of BCp 9 4.9 5.8 6.7 4.9 5.6 1 5.5 4.9 6.6 4.6 6.4 10 5.2 5.7 6.4 6.1 6.8 2 5.2 5.3 6.1 4.8 5.7 3 5.3 5.8 6.4 4.8 5.3 11 5.0 5.6 6.0 5.4 6.2 average 5.2 5.5 6.4 5.1 6.0 L.S.D. 95% 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 Samples of Cp 29 4.6 5.1 5.9 4.8 5.5 44 4.5 5.0 5.2 5.9 6.1 13 4.9 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.9 14 5.1 5.6 6.4 6.0 6.3 25 4.6 5.3 5.8 4.3 4.2 26 4.2 4.8 5.5 4.9 5.2 40 5.8 6.0 6.4 5.1 5.6 43 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.9 6.2 45 4.9 5.2 5.6 5.9 6.1 46 4.1 4.4 5.0 4.9 5.1 51 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.1 4.7 52 4.4 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.6 36 4.9 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.4 55 4.8 5.6 5.9 4.2 5.0 56 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.0 41 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.6 5.2 20 5.4 4.8 5.4 5.7 5.9 4 5.2 5.6 6.1 4.4 4.9 19 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.0 60 4.9 5.5 5.8 5.3 4.9 average 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.2 5.4 L.S.D. 95% 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 Samples of SCp 28 4.6 5.1 5.9 4.8 5.5 12 4.4 5.0 6.2 5.1 5.7 35 4.4 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.4 18 5.5 4.2 5.0 4.4 5.6 24 5.1 5.9 6.3 4.8 5.0 59 5.3 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.3 average 4.9 5.2 5.8 5.1 5.6 L.S.D. 95% 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.1 No before 1 month of 3 months of incubation incubation incubation unlim- limed unlim- limed ed ed Samples of EuSCp 57 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.2 5.7 53 5.3 5.7 6.2 5.2 5.6 47 5.9 6.0 6.6 5.5 6.2 48 5.9 5.8 6.4 5.7 6.2 5 5.4 5.4 6.0 5.0 5.7 average 5.6 5.7 6.2 5.3 5.9 L.S.D. 95% 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Samples of LSC-and LCp 27 4.4 4.9 5.4 4.7 4.7 23 5.0 5.7 6.4 4.1 4.0 30 4.8 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.2 average 4.7 5.2 5.8 4.7 4.6 L.S.D. 95 % 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 Samples of CSp 15 4.4 4.7 5.2 5.5 5.0 16 4.3 4.5 5.1 5.0 4.4 17 4.4 4.5 5.2 4.9 4.7 38 4.6 4.8 5.4 4.3 5.2 49 4.5 4.8 5.5 5.1 4.7 50 4.3 4.4 5.3 5.0 4.8 53 4.6 5.2 4.7 4.4 4.7 54 4.6 5.2 5.6 5.0 5.0 39 4.6 4.8 5.3 4.3 4.7 8 4.6 5.0 5.8 5.8 6.2 33 4.5 4.7 5.5 4.8 5.4 42 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.3 4.8 average 4.4 4.7 5.2 4.9 5.0 L.S.D. 95 % 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Samples of Sp 6 4.5 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.4 21 4.3 4.7 5.6 4.0 4.1 31 4.2 4.2 5.3 4.7 5.3 32 4.4 4.0 5.8 4.7 5.2 34 4.2 4.5 5.7 4.9 5.5 37 4.5 5.0 5.8 4.7 5.5 7 4.6 4.7 5.5 5.6 4.6 22 4.3 4.7 5.6 4.0 4.1 average 4.5 4.6 5.5 4.7 5.0 L.S.D. 95% 0.l 0.1 0.2 0.2 273 ing to 4 tons per hectare. The effect of the incubation on the acidity of peat samples.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71497", "words": "1266", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "Overwintering of Gramineae plants and parasitic fungi III. Isolations of Fusarium nivale from gramineous plants in Finland", "date": "1959", "keywords": "exp; fusarium; sta", "summary": "L. N. Tikkurila, Res. C. 25. 4. 48, 7. 5. 58: E. A. J. Ta. Jokioinen, Res. C., 4. 48: K. Multam\u00e4ki. E. A. J. = E. A. Jamalainen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71498", "words": "3325", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "Mutasuon kalkituskokeiden tuloksia Leteensuolta", "date": "1959", "keywords": "grain; jyvi\u00e4; liming; oats; olkia; roots; straw; test; tops; yields", "summary": "Aikaisemmin ovat n\u00e4it\u00e4 tuloksia k\u00e4sitelleet Tuorila (7) ja Vesikivi (9,10). Average annual grain yields.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71499", "words": "3535", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Koivistoinen, Pekka; Roine, Paavo; Jokela, Kirsti", "title": "Occurrence and disappearance of parathion and malathion residues in vegetables and fruits", "date": "1959", "keywords": "alcohol; benzene; currant; days; jam; malathion; method; parathion; ppm; residues", "summary": "The half-life of malathion residues was I\u201421\u20142 days, i.e. slightly shorter than for parathion 299 this limit more rapidly than with parathion, requiring, at the longest, 4 days for black currant.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71500", "words": "4545", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne", "title": "Havaintoja ja laskelmia lehm\u00e4vasikoitten sek\u00e4 hiehojen kasvusta Viikin koetilan karjassa", "date": "1959", "keywords": "birth; calves; ensimm\u00e4isen\u00e4; ett\u00e4; ik\u00e4\u00e4n; i\u00e4ss\u00e4; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kilon; kuin; kuukauden; lehm\u00e4vasikoitten; mukaan; oli; ovat; painon; sek\u00e4; standardipoikkeama; syntyess\u00e4; syntym\u00e4painon; s\u00e4k\u00e4korkeuden; s\u00e4k\u00e4korkeus; vasikan; vasikoilla; vasikoitten; vuoden; weight; yhden", "summary": "Sensijaan kaksi vasikkaa painoi 6 kuukauden i\u00e4ss\u00e4 vain n. 130 kg, yhden vuoden i\u00e4ss\u00e4 n. 200 kg ja 1 % vuoden i\u00e4ss\u00e4 n. 250 kg. T\u00e4m\u00e4n j\u00e4lkeen sonnivasikoitten kasvu on nopeampi kuin lehm\u00e4vasikoitten, ja kuuden kuukauden i\u00e4ss\u00e4 eroavuutta lis\u00e4kasvussa on jo 10\u201420 kg (11, s. 353; 10, s. 282 ja s. 295).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71501", "words": "2866", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Lampila, Martti; Poij\u00e4rvi, Ilmari", "title": "The formation of volatile fatty acids in the rumen contents of cows in vivo and in vitro", "date": "1959", "keywords": "acid; contents; diet; fatty; fluid; rumen", "summary": "It may also be of prac- tical value in the study of the factors affecting the fat content of the milk since the decrease of acetic acid content is mainly compensated by an increase of butyric acid. % O= 12 Upper part 12.757.84 61.51.67 13.12.58 20.20.45 3.5 Lower anterior part 8.02 5.00 62.3 1.12 14.0 1.48 18.5 0.25 3.1 3 Upper part 15.87 6.52 41.1 2.51 15.8 5.57 35.1 0.97 6.1 Lower anterior part 9.70 4.81 49.6 1.60 16.5 2.60 26.8 0.49 5.1 6 Upper part 15.29 7.69 50.3 1.90 12.4 4.56 29.8 0.92 6.0 Lower anterior part 10.49 5.65 53.9 1.32 12.6 2.81 26.8 0.50 4.8 9 Upper part 15.34 8.53 55.6 2.02 13.2 3.68 24.0 0.87 5.7 Lower anterior part 9.44 4.91 52.0 1.32 14.0 2.63 27.9 0.48 5.1 On this diet the contribution of butyric acid to the acid mixture was exception- ally high.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71502", "words": "2197", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Manner, Rolf", "title": "Studies in F1 and F2 of crosses between winter and summer turnip rape", "date": "1959", "keywords": "mette; plants; seed", "summary": "The differences between the different groups of hybrids in the number of Fj-plants giving seed yields (Table 2) are in most cases significant, namely; Rapido X Mette Sprengel X Mettex* = 22.14xxx , Gruber X Mette Storrybs X Mette z 2 = 4.87 x , Rapido X Mette \u2014Gruber X Mette x 2 = 27.87xxx , Rapido X Mette Storrybs X Mettez2 = 18.76xxx and Storrybs X Mette\u2014Sprengel X Mette z 2 = 7.61 xx . About three-fourths of the F t plants of the cross Rapido X Mette, one half of Fj of the crosses Gruber X Mette and Sprengel X Mette, and only a small part of the crosses Storrybs X Mette gave seed yields.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71503", "words": "2679", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.; Haavisto, Matti", "title": "Syysrypsin talvituhosienien torjuntakokeita k\u00e4sittelem\u00e4ll\u00e4 kasvustot fungisiideilla", "date": "1959", "keywords": "fungi; kokeissa; k\u00e4sittely; oli; pcnb; rape; temperature; tests; treatment; turnip; winter", "summary": "In the autumn of 1956 scores of PCNB treatment tests with winter turnip rape were made in different parts of the country, mostly in S-W Finland. Tests with winter turnip rape made jointly by Kasvi\u00f6ljy Oy and the Department of Plant Pathology in 1955\u2014 56.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71504", "words": "1451", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; Vainio, K. A.", "title": "On the use of ZnCl2 together with HCl in lignin determinations", "date": "1959", "keywords": "lignin; solution; use", "summary": "As for the behaviour of lignin in acid solutions which are used for decomposition of cell wall carbohydrates we refer to a treatise of Salo (1, p. 206). It appeared that water solutions of ZnCl2 as well as solutions of ZnCl2 in diluted HCI decomposed the paper very slowly.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71505", "words": "6163", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Raatikainen, Mikko; Tinnil\u00e4, Aulis", "title": "Viljakaskaan (Calligypona pellucida f.) aiheuttaman kaurantuhon vaikutus kauran viljelyalaan ja satoihin Suomessa", "date": "1959", "keywords": "alueella; area; cereals; damage; farms; fig; kaurantuhon; kirjanpitotilojen; koko; kuin; kuva; mukaan; mvs; oats; oli; ovat; pellucida; plants; pohjanmaan; satakunnan; sek\u00e4; sen; societies; spring; suomen; svenska; table; taulukko; tuhoalueen; tuhon; vuosina; yields; \u00f6sterbottens", "summary": "Syyn\u00e4 t\u00e4llaiseen laskuun voivat olla kes\u00e4n 1956 sek\u00e4 seuraavan talven ja kev\u00e4tkes\u00e4n bioottiset ja abioottiset tekij\u00e4t, mm. talven lumettomuus ja tulvat. Kaman sadut ja viljelyalat tuhoalueella ja sen l\u00e4heisyydess\u00e4 Viljakaskaan aiheuttaman kaurantuhon voimakkuudesta, yleistymisest\u00e4 sek\u00e4 sen viljelykasvialoihin aiheuttamista muutoksista saa tilastollista todistusaineistoa maataloustilastosta (16) sek\u00e4 kirjanpitotilojen vuosikatsauksista.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71506", "words": "4213", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Varo, Mikko", "title": "\u00dcber die M\u00f6glichkeiten der Z\u00fcchtungsarbeit in Laufst\u00e4llen", "date": "1959", "keywords": "als; alter; auch; aus; beim; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; fiir; gewesen; individuen; ist; laufstall; leistungen; mit; nicht; sich; sind; tiere; und; varianz; von; warmstall; worden; zum; zwischen", "summary": "so andersartigen Verh\u00e4ltnissen auf das Gedeihen 74 Tabelle 3. Die Varianz der Einzeltiere beim Warm- und La ufstali. Entwicklung der Durchschnittsleistungen der Herden beim \u00dcbergang zum Laufstall.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71507", "words": "3052", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "S\u00e4k\u00f6, Jaakko", "title": "Omenien putoamisen v\u00e4hent\u00e4misest\u00e4 ennen sadonkorjuuta ja sen aikana", "date": "1959", "keywords": "2,4,5; acid; antonovka; apples; application; days; drop; ennen; ett\u00e4; harvest; kuin; k\u00e4ytett\u00e4ess\u00e4; my\u00f6s; omenien; ppm; sen; tween; vaikutus; varieties", "summary": "Mukana oli seitsem\u00e4n omenapuulajiketta, nimitt\u00e4in Bergius, S\u00e4vstaholm, Melba, Atlas, Wealthy, \u00c4ker\u00f6 ja Antonovka. Samalla verrattiin toisiinsa paine- ja sumuruiskun vaikutusta, jolloin sumuruiskulla annettu liuos oli 2,4,5-TP:n osalta nelj\u00e4 kertaa ja Tween 20:n osalta kaksi kertaa v\u00e4kev\u00e4mp\u00e4\u00e4 kuin paineruiskua k\u00e4ytett\u00e4ess\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71508", "words": "1418", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "The effect of claying carried out in 1923 upon the thermal conditions in cultivated Sphagnum peat soil in the summer of 1959", "date": "1960", "keywords": "claying; o.ool; soil; temperature; test", "summary": "The studies were carried out with the aid of a thermometer specially designed for the measuring of soil temperatures, which has been descriped in detail in a previous publication (10). The results have shown that the claying has caused differences of about I\u00b0C in soil temperature in summer as compared to unclayed soil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71509", "words": "1972", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Heinonen, Reijo", "title": "Das Volumgewicht als Kennzeichen der \u201cnormalen\u201c Bodenstruktur", "date": "1960", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; das; den; der; des; die; eine; ist; man; mit; sich; und; volumgewicht; von", "summary": "Dagegen ging das Volumgewicht der stark humosen Tonb\u00f6den mit zunehmender Menge der wasserstabilen Kr\u00fcmel stark herab. Das Volumgewicht der weniger stark humosen Tonb\u00f6den ( < 4 % org. C) stellte sich auch beim Untersuchen derselben als eigene Gruppe als Funktion der Zusammensetzung, \u00e4hnlich wie im gesamten, alle Bodenarten umfassenden Material, heraus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71510", "words": "3318", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Paatela, Juhani; Heinrichs, Hannes", "title": "Measuring of the nectar yield of red clover heads", "date": "1960", "keywords": "centrifugation; florets; glass; heads; method; nectar; nectar yield; sugar; tube", "summary": "Swanson & Shuel (13) in their experiments on nectar yield used 465 gms centrifugal force and a centrifugation time of 6 minutes. The centrifuge method for measuring nectar yield.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71511", "words": "1839", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Juusela, Taneli", "title": "Maatalousilmatieteellisest\u00e4 tutkimusty\u00f6st\u00e4 Kanadassa", "date": "1960", "keywords": "aikana; canada; esim; ett\u00e4; ilman; jatkuvasti; j\u00e4\u00e4kerros; kanadassa; kuva; maan; my\u00f6s; oli; sek\u00e4; sen; varten", "summary": "Merkinn\u00e4t tarkoittavat: 1 = ilman sis\u00e4\u00e4ntuloaukko 2 = tuuletin moottoreineen 3 = ilman varasis\u00e4\u00e4ntuloaukko 4 = l\u00e4mmityskaapelit 5 = ilman ulosp\u00e4\u00e4syaukko ja sen venttiili 6 = loistevalaisinputkisto 100 101 6\u2014l\u00df. T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi tutkimustoiminta kohdistuu n\u00e4ill\u00e4 alueilla ennen muuta maan vesitalouden j\u00e4rjestelymahdollisuuksien (7) ja tarpeettoman haihtumisen v\u00e4hent\u00e4mismahdollisuuksien selvittelyyn (kuva 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71512", "words": "750", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Teittinen, Pentti", "title": "Apilan lajikekokeiden perustamisen tekniikasta", "date": "1960", "keywords": "apilan; kun; ruudut; ruutujen; ryegrass; toisistaan; v\u00e4liin", "summary": "T\u00e4ll\u00f6in ruutujen v\u00e4liin ei j\u00e4\u00e4 tyhj\u00e4\u00e4 tilaa ja ne erottuvat kumminkin hyvin toisistaan. V\u00e4likasviksi sopii parhaiten pienikasvuinen ja vaatimaton, mutta kest\u00e4v\u00e4 hein\u00e4kasvi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71513", "words": "3843", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "H\u00e4nninen, Pentti; Kaila, Armi", "title": "Field trials on the store dressing with rock phosphate", "date": "1960", "keywords": "dressing; effect; phosphorus; soil; store; superphosphate; trial k", "summary": "Phosphorus uptake by the ley crop of trial KlOl in 1959 In order to get more information about the phosphorus nutrition of the ley plants in the variously treated plots, hay samples were collected from trial K 101 in 1959 and analyzed for phosphorus. No phosphate 2. 1000 kg/ha of hyperphosphate 3. 2000 kg/ha of hyperphosphate The nurse crop in trial K 100 was oats, in trial K 101 it was barley.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71514", "words": "2618", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Yll\u00f6, Leo", "title": "\u00dcber den Zuckergehalt der Futterwurzelfr\u00fcchte", "date": "1960", "keywords": "auf; bei; blatt; den; der; die; r\u00fcben; turnips; und; von; war; waren; wurde; zuckergehalt", "summary": "Die Verl\u00e4ngerung der Wachs- tumszeit vermehrte die Ertragsmenge sehr beachtlich. Wie aus Obigen hervorgeht, enthielten die R\u00fcben bedeutend mehr Zucker.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71515", "words": "1051", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Heinonen, Reijo", "title": "Density, amount, and carbon content of organic matter in soils \u2013 some methodical reflections", "date": "1960", "keywords": "content; density; matter; soil", "summary": "The material consisted of 94 samples of varying texture and organic matter content but of uniform geological origin (glacial sediments). Summary The density of soil organic matter has been derived from an equation represent- ing the regression of soil density on the clay and organic matter contents.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71516", "words": "2880", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hilli, Aarne", "title": "Kev\u00e4tviljojen it\u00e4vyydest\u00e4 kuivan kasvukauden j\u00e4lkeen", "date": "1960", "keywords": "angaben; der; die; ett\u00e4; gerste; it\u00e4vyys; kaksitahoinen; kaksitahoisesta; kaura; kaurasta; kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4; kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4st\u00e4; kpl; monitahoisesta; ohra; ohrasta; oli; proben; sek\u00e4", "summary": "% kpl, % kpl. % kpl.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71517", "words": "4997", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "Fertilization of Sphagnum bogs, on the basis of certain field experiments at Leteensuo", "date": "1960", "keywords": "crop; grain; hay; nitrogen; oats; year; yield", "summary": "Increase .. ,yield yield yield yield Grain yield Straw yield Oats 0 650 1 680 1 000 2 900 350 1 220 PK 700 50 2 440 1 060 60 3 720 360 1 280 NPK 950 300 3 050 1 270 270 4 310 320 1 260 2NPK 1 120 470 3 670 1 460 460 4 940 340 1 270 3NPK 1 330 680 4 150 1 540 540 5 300 210 1 150 Significant differences: Artificial fertilization 41* 55** 75*** Stable manure 65* 88** 119*** Peas and oats 0 860 - 1 660 1 270 2 490 410 830 PK 1 680 820 3 250 1 780 60 3 740 100 490 NPK 1 880 1 020 3 930 2 060 790 3 990 180 60 2NPK 1 920 1 060 4 050 2 030 760 4 230 110 180 3NPK 2 150 1 290 4 500 2 110 840 4 540 -40 40 Significant differences: Artificial fertilization 159* 219** 301*** and Figs. 3 and 4; they, too, have been given separately for the period before and after 1949. Average hay crop yields, kg per hectare and year (17 years).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71518", "words": "1065", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Ruokola, Anna-Liisa", "title": "\u00dcber die durch Pilze verursachte welke an Clarkia", "date": "1960", "keywords": "cinerea; clarkia; dem; der; die; pflanzen; und", "summary": "Ges\u00e4ubert 13 0 3 3.0 2.4 B. cinerea \u2014*\u2014 B. cinerea 12 9 11 1.3 0.5 B. cinerea \u00bb F.poae 11 10 11 1.8 0.0 F.poae In dem von uns untersuchten Fall befielen sowohl B. cinerea als F. poae in Laboratoriumsversuchen, bei denen die Luft unter der Glasglocke feucht blieb, Stengel wie auch", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71519", "words": "1242", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "The effect of claying upon the settling of the soil surface on cultivated Sphagnum bogs", "date": "1960", "keywords": "bog; effect; peat; soil; surface; test", "summary": "Test area This investigation was carried out in connection with a Sphagnum bog liming and claying test, the procedure and results of which have been described in detail in a previous publication (3). According to the results, the effect of the claying during this time has been the settling of the surface of the soil on an average 12.5 cm more than in unclayed bog. REFERENCES; (1) Gerhardt, P. 1924.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71520", "words": "3539", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne", "title": "On the ability of calves to digest hay", "date": "1960", "keywords": "calves; contents; crude; digestibility; experiment; hay; matter; months; rumen", "summary": "The mean digestibility of hay dry matter was 64 per cent and that of cellulose 63 per cent. The share of the reticulo-rumen in the contents of the whole digestive tract varied from 70 to 75 per cent the percentages being of the same magnitude as in older calves and cows.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71521", "words": "2782", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Lampila, Martti", "title": "The effect of silage prepared in different ways upon the ammonia content of the cow\u2019s rumen ingesta", "date": "1960", "keywords": "a.i.v; ammonia; concentration; fodder; protein; rumen; salt; silage", "summary": "As, moreover, the mean ammonia 173 concentrations in the rumen during feeding of the other three types of fodder were closely equal, they can be used as a composite reference group to which the results obtained with A.I.V. salt fodder are compared. This paper presents the results of experiments in which three types of silage fodder prepared by other procedures were employed as comparison fodders.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71522", "words": "641", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Heinonen, Reijo", "title": "A soil core sampler with provision for cutting successive layers", "date": "1960", "keywords": "cylinder; soil", "summary": "The cutting blade is sharpened on its upper side only in order to reduce its tend- ency to curve upwards in compact soil samples. Physical properties of soils as modified by crops and management.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71523", "words": "2219", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Barkoff, Eugen", "title": "\u00dcber die Anwendung von Ultraschall zur Steigerung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und zum dispergieren des Bodens bei bodenanalytischen Arbeiten", "date": "1960", "keywords": "auf; bei; boden; dass; der; die; f\u00fcr; ist; min; mit; sch\u00fctteln; ultraschall; und; von; werden", "summary": "Es kann angenommen werden, dass der von uns benutzte Ultraschall f\u00fcr das Dispergieren des Bodens gut geeignet gewesen ist, da seine Benutzung urspr\u00fcnglich 183 bezweckt hatte, die Oberfl\u00e4chen harter Gegenst\u00e4nde zu reinigen, was sich auf \u00e4hnliche Effektprinzipien wie die obigen gr\u00fcndet. 181 Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 dargestellt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71524", "words": "1262", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Salonen, Arvi", "title": "Das Vorkommen von Botrytis anthophila bond. in Proben von Handelssaatgut Finnischen Rotklees", "date": "1960", "keywords": "anthophila; auf; das; der; die; pilz; sporen; und; von", "summary": "\u00dcber das Vorkommen von B. anthophila in Finnland liegen vorl\u00e4ufig keine Schrifttumsbelege vor. Meier & Krivoduskaja (8) und Aleshina (1) haben vorbereitende Untersuchungen \u00fcber die M\u00f6glichkeiten chemi- scher Bek\u00e4mpfung von B. anthophila ausgef\u00fchrt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71525", "words": "3165", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Westermarck, N.", "title": "Kanatalouden teknillinen ja taloudellinen kehitys siipikarjanhoitajain liiton kirjanpitoiminnan tulosten valossa", "date": "1960", "keywords": "egg; eggs; ett\u00e4; family; feed; hen; income; kanaa; kohti; laskettu; luvulla; luvun; my\u00f6s; ole; oli; ollut; ovat; poultry; price; production; table", "summary": "Kirjanpito on sen j\u00e4lkeen jatkunut, joskin se oli keskeytyksiss\u00e4 sodan aikana ja er\u00e4in\u00e4 muinakin vuosina 1930-luvulla. Kir- janpitovuosina 1933 ja 1938 oli kokonaistuotto huomattavasti alempi, mik\u00e4 joh- tui kuitenkin suurelta osalta silloisesta alemmasta tuotostasosta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71526", "words": "5080", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Manner, Rolf", "title": "Studies in bulk crosses between some beet strains", "date": "1960", "keywords": "crosses; hybrids; matter; parents; percentage; roots; strains; yield", "summary": "Summary In the years 1952\u201456 the present author allowed different beet strains at the Gull\u00e4ker Plant Breeding Institute to hybridize. The hybrids in which more than three strains were involved showed a tendency to give larger root yields than the strains in which only two strains were crossed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71527", "words": "3520", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4, Mikko", "title": "The effect of various cations on the waterstability of soil aggregates", "date": "1960", "keywords": "aggregates; cations; clay; effect; log; soil; solutions; stability; water", "summary": "Results and discussion The results of aggregate analyses after different treatments are given in tables 1 and 3 and the regressions concerning muddy clay soil in table 4 and in Fig. In this respect the influence of HCI differs considerably from that in other clay soils studied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71528", "words": "1822", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, A.", "title": "Further quantitative data on the role of the ruminant proventriculi in the digestion and absorption of nitrogen-free organic matter", "date": "1960", "keywords": "cows; hay; matter; ratio", "summary": "In the Table the animals in each group are enumerated according to the relative consumption of dry matter, beginning from those whose consumption per 100 kg reduced net weight was the smallest. In none of the groups does the amount of dry matter consumed seem to have any influence upon the results.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71529", "words": "2194", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "M\u00e4kitie, Osmo", "title": "Chloroform extraction of trace nutrients as oxinates from soil extracts for spectrographic analysis", "date": "1960", "keywords": "concentration; extraction; soil; solution; trace", "summary": "CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION OF TRACE NUTRIENTS AS OXINATES FROM SOIL EXTRACTS FOR SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS Osmo M\u00e4kitie Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Research Centre, Helsinki Received August 24, 1960 When easily soluble trace elements in soils are to be analysed in soil extracts, a preliminary separation is necessary, as well as concentration of these trace constit- uents. Extraction procedures with oxinates and organic solvents have, however, not been presented earlier, although solvent extrac- tion methods have been used in concentrating the trace elements from soil extracts, e.g., by dithizone extraction (14).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71530", "words": "1999", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Hilli, Aarne", "title": "Kotona viljellyn kev\u00e4tviljan siemenkelpoisuudesta", "date": "1960", "keywords": "die; gerste; hafer; kauralla; keskim; kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4ll\u00e4; kpl; ohralla; ohrassa; oli; samen; schnitt; sek\u00e4; sommerweizen; und; von", "summary": "BeX.d- % keskim. knrne korn Fremde % Reinheit Unkraut- teile im Entspelzte kpl/kg im Durch- im Durch- Sorten \u00dcbrige % samenim- Samen Durch- Samen Samen schnitt , schnitt , Keimf\u00e4higkeit in Keimungsklassen eingeordnet V\u00e4himm\u00e4t kauppa- Siemenlaji It\u00e4vyys luokittain % siemenvaatimukset Samenart Keimf\u00e4higkeitsklassen % t\u00e4ytt\u00e4neit\u00e4 eri\u00e4 Partien , welche die Alle 30 30\u201449 50\u201469 70\u201474 75\u201479 80\u201484 85\u201489 90\u2014100 Unter gef\u00fcllt haben kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % Sl. St. St. St. St. St. St. St. St. Kaura 10 2,0 30 6,2 60 12,3 33 6,2 43 9,4 62 12,7 82 16,9 167 34,3 354 73,3 Hafer Kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4 .. 2 0,9 7 3,1 47 20,7 21 9,3 18 7,9 37", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71531", "words": "3171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "Fen fertilization with potash in the light of tests at Leteensuo experimental station", "date": "1960", "keywords": "crop; grain; hectare; potassium; straw; test; yield", "summary": "K 2 O Unclayed Clayed Grain Increase Straw Increase Grain Increase Straw Increase yield in yield yield in yield yield in yield yield in yield 0 1335 3317 - 2087 4509 30 1883 548 4392 1075 2468 381 5205 696 60 2229 894 5099 1782 2612 525 5701 1192 90 2327 992 5424 2107 2710 623 5739 1230 120 2271 936 5557 2240 2771 684 6044 1535 Grain yield, fertilizing 160* 217** 291 *** claying 103* 140 ** 187 *** Table 7. Crop yield results The weather conditions during the test years have been described in a previous publication (4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71532", "words": "3444", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Talvia, Pentti", "title": "Various species of Gloeosporium in stored apples in Finland", "date": "1960", "keywords": "album; apple; conidia; gloeosporium; perennans; rot; species; varieties", "summary": "Occurrence of Gloeosporium species in apple varieties cultivated in Finland. In storage trials on apples carried out in the years 1952\u20141955 by the Depart- ment of Plant Pathology, the most important cause of losses in the stored fruit was apple rot caused by the fungus Gloeosporium (8).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71533", "words": "4952", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Puustj\u00e4rvi, Viljo", "title": "The luxuriance of a bog in its natural state as an index to the quality of its peat", "date": "1960", "keywords": "base; bogs; class; content; peat; quality; soil; soil quality; trophicity; water", "summary": "The site requirements of bog plants, particularly their relation to the reaction of the substrate (5) and to its nutrient content (4) have been investigated. Samples were taken every time when a change of bog type or soil quality class was encoun- tered.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71534", "words": "4296", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "M\u00e4ki, Antti; Honkanen, Maire; R\u00e4s\u00e4nen, Matti", "title": "Maatilojemme hoidon jatkuvuus ja ns. maaltapako", "date": "1960", "keywords": "alueella; area; cent; children; country; eri; ett\u00e4; ik\u00e4; keskim; koko; kuin; lasten; maa; maassa; mukaan; my\u00f6s; noin; oli; osa; ovat; siirtyneiden; tai; tilan; tutkimuksen; vain; viljelij\u00e4n; viljelij\u00e4perheiden; viljelij\u00f6iden", "summary": "Viljelij\u00f6iden jakaantu- minen ik\u00e4luokkiin koko maassa ja eri alueilla esitet\u00e4\u00e4n seuraavassa asetelmassa. Seuraavassa asetelmassa esitet\u00e4\u00e4n viljelij\u00e4perheiden jakaantuminen lapsiluvun mukaan koko maassa ja eri alueilla.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71535", "words": "5399", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne; Liakka, Liisa", "title": "On the influence of diet on the retention time of food in the digestive tract of cows", "date": "1960", "keywords": "cows; diet; hay; lignin; matter; pulp; retention time; reticulo; rumen", "summary": "This circumstance had, however, no note- worthy influence on the results except on some quotas of retention times. Comparisons of retention times on the different diets The retention time of food in the digestive tract of cows fed on hay -f-sugar beet pulp can be compared with that of cows fed on hay+concentrates only when Fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71536", "words": "4201", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kaila, Armi; H\u00e4nninen, Pentti", "title": "Response of ley plants to rock phosphate and superphosphate", "date": "1960", "keywords": "clover; content; hay; hyperphosphate; phosphate; phosphorus; plants; red; rock; soil; trials", "summary": "A great deal of attention has been paid to the factors affecting the dissolution of rock phosphate phosphorus in soils. Probably also the microorganisms of the rhizosphere, known to be able to solubilise apatite (26) assist in the uptake of rock phosphate phosphorus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71537", "words": "3446", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Ik\u00e4heimo, Katri", "title": "Two cereal virus diseases in Finland", "date": "1960", "keywords": "cereal; disease; dwarf; finland; leafhoppers; leaves; mosaic; oats; pellucida; plants; striate; symptoms; virus; wheat", "summary": "Summary; On plant virus diseases and viruslike diseases in Finland. I am very much obliged to Dr Marion A. Watson for her helpful instruction during the time in 1959 when I studied virus diseases at the Rothamsted Experimental Station in England.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71538", "words": "3415", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni; Karhuvaara, Laura", "title": "Resistance to virus diseases of some F1 clones descended from the species hybridization Solanum demissum x S. tuberosum", "date": "1960", "keywords": "bud; clones; diseased; plants; potato; potato plants; table; tubers; virus", "summary": "The results of core grafting infections Distance from virus- Clone No. of Percentage diseased ear (colour Piece tubers of plants potato plants of tuber) inserted grafted infected m. 1956 purple 15 20 10 \u2014\u00bb\u2014 *\u2014 carrying a bud 20 65 10 \u2014 \u00bb\u2014 \u2014 \u00bb\u2014 no bud 20 65 10 1957 \u2014 \u00bb- 33 36 10 \u2014carrying a bud 22 59 10 no bud 13 62 10 1959 - 50') 24 50 \u2014\u00bb\u2014 \u2014no bud 49 *) 100 50 1956 white 10 0 10 \u2014\u00bb\u2014 * carrying a bud 20 0 10 *\u2014 \u2014no bud 20 0 10 1957 \u2014*- - 21 0 10 * *\u2014 carrying a bud 20 0 10 \u2014 \u00bb\u2014 no bud 21 0 10 1) For setting, the tubers were cultivated in specially isolated plots in 1958, when symptoms of early maturity were observed in one of the 50 plants; this plant was eliminated on August 4. types of potato plants were cultivated at distances of only 1.2 metres from each other, transformation into an earlier maturing type of plant was more frequent than when the plam;s of the original type were cultivated in special isolated plots. Results in 1956 Results in 1957 Results in 1958 Results in 1959 Year of No. of Tubers Year of No. of Tubers Year of No. of Tubers Year of No. of Tubers infect- plants g/plant infect- plants g/plant infect- plants g/plant infect- plants g/plant ion ion ion ion 1952 3 87 1952 3 145 1952 3 119 1952 3 59 1953 3 83 1953 2 256 1953 3 92 1953 3 46 1954 12 170 1954 3 202 1954 3 257 1954 3 86 1955 6 57 1955 7 75 1955 2 66 1955 3 11 1956 5 124 1956 6 257 1956 3 106 1956 5 39 Healthy 28 330 1957 13 536 1957 5 75 1957 9 30 plants Healthy 10 526 1958 16 120 1958 5 55 plants Healthy 11 218 1959 31 247 plants Healthy 3 258 plants 77 considered quite conclusive.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71539", "words": "5398", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Flaig, W.", "title": "Die Wirkung von Humusstoffen auf den pflanzlichen Stoffwechsel", "date": "1961", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; aus; bei; boden; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; durch; eine; einfluss; erh\u00f6ht; flaig; f\u00fcr; humins\u00e4uren; ist; konzentrationen; mit; nach; pflanzen; pflanzenwachstum; sind; substanzen; tagen; thymohydrochinon; und; untersuchungen; von; werden; wird; wirkung; \u00fcber", "summary": "Es wurde weiterhin der Einfluss von Thymohydrochinon auf die Phosphorylie- rung (14) untersucht. 2. Gesamtmenge der von den Pflanzen aufgenommenen N\u00e4hrstoffe in mg;", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71540", "words": "3569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Westermarck, N.; Weckman, K. J.", "title": "Traktoranv\u00e4ndningens utveckling p\u00e5 ett antal bokf\u00f6ringsg\u00e5rdar", "date": "1961", "keywords": "att; den; farms; f\u00f6r; gr\u00f6dan; g\u00e4rdar; och; som; tractors; traktor; use", "summary": "i s\u00e4dd och g\u00f6dselspridning, sk\u00f6tsel av gr\u00f6dan, sk\u00f6rd av gr\u00f6dan och transporter. traktoriseringen av s\u00e4dd och g\u00f6dselspridning, jordbrukets transporter samt sk\u00f6rd av gr\u00f6dan v\u00e4rit.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71541", "words": "4692", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Linko, Reino R.; Nikkil\u00e4, Olavi E.; Laine, Jorma J.", "title": "Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs IV. Prolongation of the keeping guality of fresh fish by antibiotics", "date": "1961", "keywords": "antibiotic; ctc; days; experiments; fish; ice; odor; ppm; storage", "summary": "The antibiotic can be applied to the ice used for fish storage, as a solution in dips or sprays for the whole fish prior to icing or after filleting (7) or by way of addition to the chilled brine or sea water used in place of ice (19, 24). Chemical inhibition of growths of fish spoilage bacteria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71542", "words": "2338", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Takala, Mauri", "title": "Super- ja thomasfosfaatti rahkasuon lannoitteina", "date": "1961", "keywords": "grain; jyvi\u00e4; kuin; oats; psf; ptf; straw; yield", "summary": "ja olkisadot on ilmoitettu ilmakui- vina, jyv\u00e4sadot kuivattuina. Koej\u00e4sen Kauran jyv\u00e4sato Keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen Kauran jyv\u00e4sato kg/lia v. 1948 hein\u00e4sato kg/ha kg/ha, v. 1952 vv. 1949-1951 Treatment Crop of oats Average crop of Crop of oats kg/ha, 1948 hay kg/ha, kg/ha, 1952 1949-1951 0 1700 460 630 Psf 2470 1267 1020 Ptf 2410 1707 1250 2Psl 2810 2263 2030 2Ptf 2480 2683 1990 0 -|- kalkitus liming 1590 913 700 Psf + \u00bb 2400 2310 1170 Ptf + \u00bb 2150 2670 1480 2Psf + \u00bb 2720 4333 1770 2Ptf + \u00bb 2270 4310 2130 1258* 1724** 2375*** Fosfaattilannoiluksen ja kalkituksen yhteisvaikutus Tutkittaessa edell\u00e4 esitettyjen taulukoiden perusteella fosfaattilannoitteiden ja kalkituksen yhteisvaikutusta havaitaan superfosfaatin ja kalkituksen yhteis- vaikutuksen olevan positiivisen, lukuunottamatta kauraa, jolla molempien fosfaat- tilannoitteiden ja kalkituksen yhteisvaikutus on negatiivinen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71543", "words": "3783", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Fertilizer phosphorus in some Finnish soils", "date": "1961", "keywords": "acid; fraction; increase; phosphorus; samples; sei; soil; superphosphate", "summary": "Soil phosphorus fractions in some representive soils. It seems that the fractionation method developed by Chang and for the estimation of discrete forms of soil phosphorus is not quite satisfactory for tracing the fertilizer phosphorus in soils recently dressed with phosphates.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71544", "words": "1560", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Yll\u00f6, Leo", "title": "T\u00e4rkeimpien peltokasvien hehtaarisatojen kehitys Suomessa", "date": "1961", "keywords": "den; der; die; ett\u00e4; hehtaarisatojen; kauran; luvulla; oli; olivat; sadot; satotason; suomessa", "summary": "Suhteellisen eniten oli noussut kauran ja v\u00e4hiten perunan ja rukiin sato. Kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4n vaihte- lukerroin (15 %) oli hieman suurempi kuin rukiin, mutta pienempi kuin ohran (18 %) ja kauran (19 %).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71545", "words": "2717", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Ik\u00e4heimo, Katri; Raatikainen, Mikko", "title": "Calligypona obscurella (Boh.), a new vector of the wheat striate mosaic and oat sterile-dwarf viruses", "date": "1961", "keywords": "dwarf; mosaic; oat; obscurella; pellucida; striate; virus; viruses; wheat", "summary": "C. obscurella and its life cycle C. obscurella differs from C. pellucida in the following features (Fig. 1): C. ob- scurella is smaller and darker; the proximal part of the costa and subcosta of the front wing is dark. The life cycle of C. obscurella is similar to that of C. pellucida.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71546", "words": "1505", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Heinonen, Reijo", "title": "On the pre-treatment of samples of heavy clay soil for determinations by the pressure membrane apparatus", "date": "1961", "keywords": "air; grinding; samples; soil", "summary": "Temperature: + 20\u00b0C Time under pressure: 3 days Size of soil samples: 4\u20147 g Thickness of the soil layer after pressing: I\u20143 mm; in finely ground samples: I\u201421 \u20142 mm Replicates: 3 or more; in different batches Preliminary soaking; 1 day unless otherwise stated. The effect of soaking time and grinding intensity on the 8-bar percentage of Subsoil No. 744. 158 Conclusions The method of pre-treatment of soil samples should be chosen in each case according to the purpose of study, keeping in mind the slow reversibility of the wetting undergone by heavy glacial clay.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71547", "words": "4097", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "H\u00e4nninen, Pentti; Kaila, Armi", "title": "Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone as sources of nitrogen for oats and barley", "date": "1961", "keywords": "ammonium; ammonium nitrate; calcium; calcium nitrate; limestone; nitrate; nitrogen", "summary": "Calcium nitrate plants Ammonium nitrate plants N applied 25 kg/ha 3.49 % 3.55 % \u00bb 50 \u00bb 3.97 % 3.90 % \u00bb 75 I 4.60 % 4.42 % \u00bb 100 \u00bb 5.17 % 4.91 % In spite of the fairly large variation between the replicates, a statistically significant difference at the 5 per cent level exists in the nitrogen content of the plants treated with 100 kg/ha of N. The large variation in the nitrogen content of the samples from various repli- cates may be understood on the basis of the theory presented by Specht (2) of 166 the variation control mechanism. Discussion Since the last century the problem of the value of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen as the nutrient source of plants has been studied and discussed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71548", "words": "6003", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kaila, Armi; H\u00e4nninen, Pentti", "title": "Fertilizer nitrogen in soil", "date": "1961", "keywords": "ammonium; june; l.s.d; nitrate; nitrogen; soil", "summary": "Soil nitrogen. The distribu- tion of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen was followed through two growing periods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71549", "words": "3758", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Effect of incubation and liming on the phosphorus fractions in soil", "date": "1961", "keywords": "acid; fractions; incubation; lime; phosphorus; samples; soil", "summary": "The differences in the various fractions of inorganic phosphorus in the samples treated with superphosphate and in the untreated samples are the following: I' ppm Loam soil Silt soil extracted Original Incubated Incubated Original Incubated Incubated by with lime with lime NH 4 CI 2 3 5 13 5 NH.F 58 58 60 39 40 38 NaOH 43 The corresponding differences in the values for the samples from the plots treated with hyperphosphate and from the untreated plots are the following: P ppm Loam soil Silt soil extracted Original Incubated Incubated Original Incubated Incubated by with lime with lime NH 4 CI 1110 2 1 NH.F 21 37 21 17 21 16 NaOH 23 27 12 25 30 16 H2 SO, 222 204 231 197 171 193 As could be expected, in both soils the hyperphosphate phosphorus is accumu- lated mainly in the acid-soluble fraction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71550", "words": "3901", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Kaarlehto, Paavo", "title": "Tulotason vaikutuksesta elintarvikemenoihin ja kulutusm\u00e4\u00e4riin", "date": "1961", "keywords": "adjustment; aineiston; aineistosta; elasticity; ett\u00e4; food; hedelm\u00e4t; koko; kun; log; ole; perheen; products; sek\u00e4; semilog; tulojen; voidaan", "summary": "Tutkimusteht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n ryhdytt\u00e4ess\u00e4 oli ratkaistava kaksi t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 kysymyst\u00e4: 1) millaista funktiotyyppi\u00e4 olisi k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 tulojen ja kulutuksen vuorosuhdetta tut- kittaessa ja 2) miten kulutustutkimusta varten ker\u00e4tyist\u00e4 tiedoista voitaisiin saada mahdollisimman homogeeninen aineisto tulojoustokertoimien m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4mist\u00e4 varten. Kertoimien bj, ba , b m ja b D estimaatit k\u00e4yv\u00e4t ilmi seuraavasta asetelmasta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71551", "words": "2136", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Barkoff, Eugen", "title": "Masuunikuonan ja hienafosfaatin maata kalkitseva vaikutus pitk\u00e4aikaisen laboratoriokokeen perusteella", "date": "1961", "keywords": "abb; bei; der; des; die; durch; ett\u00e4; kokeen; kuin; kuten; maan; merkit; oli; piirroksessa; und; vaikutus; von", "summary": "Kun on todenn\u00e4k\u00f6ist\u00e4, ett\u00e4 rautateollisuus Suomessa tulee laajenemaan ja siten saadaan ehk\u00e4 paljonkin masuunikuonaa, pantiin Maatalouden tutkimuskes- kuksen maanviljelyskemian ja -fysiikan laitoksessa syksyll\u00e4 1951 alkuun pieni koe laboratoriomittakaavassa masuunikuonan vaikutuksien selvitt\u00e4miseksi. Eniten tuntuu lis\u00e4ys hienossa hiekassa, v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n ja kesken\u00e4\u00e4n suunnil- leen yht\u00e4 paljon hietasavessa ja saraturpeessa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71552", "words": "1621", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Multam\u00e4ki, K.", "title": "Notes on the value of spring rye for cultivation", "date": "1961", "keywords": "jokioinen; rye; spring; wheat; winter", "summary": "In examining the various features of the improved strains it appears from Table 1 that spring rye and spring wheat emerged particularly well and were equal in this respect. Spring wheat proved to have the shortest straw, that of spring rye was distinctly longer, the straw of the winter rye being the longest.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71553", "words": "1907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Jokela, Meri", "title": "Sis\u00e4kk\u00e4isjyvist\u00e4 eri kauralajikkeilla ja niiden vaikutuksesta siementavaran puhtauteen", "date": "1961", "keywords": "eri; ett\u00e4; grains; keskim; kpl/100; kuin; lajikkeilla; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; oli; seed; sis\u00e4kk\u00e4isjyvien", "summary": "teli00.10.096\u20140.09 % ja oli sama tai pienempi kuin irrallisten roskien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4. T\u00e4llaisessa sis\u00e4kk\u00e4is- jyv\u00e4ss\u00e4 on useimmiten ulkojyv\u00e4 tyhj\u00e4, ja sis\u00e4jyv\u00e4 on kehittynyt normaalia sis\u00e4- Foto O. Ulvinen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71554", "words": "2906", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "The ash content of the plough layer of peat lands cultivated by different methods", "date": "1961", "keywords": "ash; content; hectare; peat; soil; test", "summary": "https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=TpHwU0gGRG2Oo8jf.wgAG8v4OkQb39roPdWnwdQ.qjkH7gf9LhK-6ArUSPm38mc42UvGdP-gYpS8lgfAa8QRoGmaCJ4y_R2imxltGsJy6mAYaM3XciiG2o2I8Lm0kTX4veqWz7DJBTaGXSm7gX1LsDLogeR1FN9gn4FiyixkzIiSrIlV9ahjq9xH1uR1zNyWytw5NRTfnkNmh_w 216 Leteensuo Claying and sand addition test on fen land. Uzed kgK2 0 per daye(J addition, m' per .. , per hectare m3per hectare hectare hectare 0 25.2 28.2 0 19.5\u00b1 16 46.8\u00b18.5 0 13.1\u00b18.3 53.1\u00b15.6 0 34.1 \u00b13.4 30.1 \u00b1 4.0 200 Clay 32.6 41.3 30 18.9\u00b12.1 47.4\u00b16.4 1 10.8\u00b13.6 55.3\u00b11.8 200 S 57.0 \u00b12.6 55.6 \u00b1 4.7 200 Sand 44.8 45.4 60 20.6\u00b1 1.9 50.0\u00b12.2 2 8.4\u00b11.8 55.4\u00b12.1 200 Hk 53.3\u00b16.0 56.3\u00b111.5 400 Clay 45.3 48.7 90 20.1 \u00b1 4.7 52.3 \u00b14.7 3 11.5\u00b12.2 55.1\u00b12.9 400 S 63.3 \u00b1B.O 60.1 \u00b1 5.8 400 Sand 54.4 60.3 120 24.3\u00b110.2 50.2\u00b14.5 4 13.2\u00b13.8 53.2\u00b19.0 400 Hk 75.6\u00b14.1 72.5 \u00b1 7.5 600 Clay 51.6 61.0 600 Sand 66.4 68.9 800 Clay 64.7 65.9 800 Sand 68.9 75.3 218 219 Tohmaj\u00e4rvi Claying and sand addition test on fen land.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71555", "words": "3428", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "Results from a soil improvement and fertilizing test on fen land at Leteensuo", "date": "1961", "keywords": "crop; fertilization; hectare; mineral; potassium; soil; test", "summary": "As has been said in the description of the test, soil improving agents were applied twice in this test, namely, in the years 1910 and 1928. A slightly higher quantity is thought to be necessary for the top dress fertilization of hay meadows without soil improving agents.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71556", "words": "2171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4, Mikko", "title": "Soil freezing and thawing as affected by soil moisture content and air temperature", "date": "1961", "keywords": "freezing; moisture; soil; thawing", "summary": "This study was conducted to obtain more information about the relationships between the factors, air temperature and soil moisture content, both of which affect the nature of the soil freezing and thawing phenomena and thus indirectly aggregation and other physical properties of soils. Materials and methods Surface samples of Guelph loam, 60 g in weight and 57.7 ml in volume, were used to study the effects of soil moisture content and air temperature on the time required to freeze or thaw the soil sample.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71557", "words": "3254", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Rintelen, Paul", "title": "Die Zukunft der Familienbetriebe in Europa", "date": "1961", "keywords": "aber; auch; auf; bei; besonders; betriebe; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; familienbetrieb; grossbetrieb; ist; landwirtschaft; mit; nicht; sich; sind; und; von; wenn; werden; wird; zur", "summary": "Zur Zeit ist die wirtschaftliche Lage der b\u00e4uerlichen Familienwirtschaften in den einzelnen L\u00e4ndern stark abh\u00e4ngig von demStand der jeweiligen Volkswirtschaft und von der Aufgabe, die der Landwirtschaft schlechthin gestellt ist. Berufsgruppen vergleichbares Einkommen bei ordnungs- gem\u00e4sser Bewirtschaftung abwirft, fast ausschliesslich mit familieneigenen Arbeits- kr\u00e4ften bearbeitet wird und bei der der Betriebsleiter eigenverantwortlich wirt- schaftet, eigene Verf\u00fcgungsgewalt \u00fcber die Produktionsfaktoren hat sowie das Risiko des Wirtschaftens tr\u00e4gt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71558", "words": "2865", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "The volume weight of the organic matter in the plough layer of peat lands cultivated by different methods", "date": "1961", "keywords": "cultivation; matter; peat; soil; volume; volume weight", "summary": "Mineral soil Volume weight Increase caused Joint addition' Unfertilized Fertilized by soil impro- effect in3 per hectare ving 0 0.367 0.411 0.389 - - 200 clay 0.396 0.425 0.410 + 0.021 - 0.015 200 sand 0.360 0.413 0.386 - 0.003 + 0.009 400 clay 0.394 0.412 0.403 + 0.014 - 0.026 400 sand 0.396 0.406 0.401 + 0.012 - 0.034 600 clay 0.369 0.372 0.370 - 0.019 - 0.041 600 sand 0.412 0.413 0.412 + 0.023 - 0.043 800 clay 0.380 0.410 0.395 + 0.006 - 0.014 800 sand 0.415 0.450 0.432 + 0.043 - 0.009 Mean 0.388 0.412 - F values: Mineral soil 9.9o*** Fertilizing 43.77*** Joint effect 3.61* t-value, Fertilizing 4.478*** Table 2. Mineral soil Volume weight Increase caused addition, TT , .... , _ .... , ~ by soil improvingUnfertilized fertilized Mean ' r m 3 per hectare 0 0.399 0.351 0.375 200 fine sand 0.362 0.340 0.351 - 0.024 200 clay 0.385 0.400 0.392 + 0.017 Rean 0.382 0.364 F values: Mineral soil 0.24\u00b0 Fertilizing o.oB\u00b0 Joint effect 0.15\u00b0 Table 5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71559", "words": "4503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Multam\u00e4ki, K.", "title": "Der Einfluss klimatischer Faktoren auf die Entwicklung von Erbse", "date": "1961", "keywords": "als; auf; bei; dass; den; der; des; die; eine; erbse; faktoren; f\u00fcr; ganzen; hat; ist; jahren; phase; sich; tage; temperatursumme; torsdags; und; von; wachstumsdauer; zweiten; zwischen; \u00fcber", "summary": "Zwischen der Niederschlagssumme und der effektiven Temperatursumme der ganzen Wachstumsdauer ist eine positive Korrelation festgestellt worden. Zwischen der Niederschlagssumme und der effektiven Temperatursumme der Wachstumsdauer zeigte sich eine positive Wechselbeziehung.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71560", "words": "1648", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Heinonen, Reijo", "title": "Boorin niukkuus raudanpuutostaudin aiheuttajana kaurassa rahkasuolla", "date": "1961", "keywords": "alueella; boorin; boron; ett\u00e4; joka; kasvien; kaurassa; kuin; kuparin; mutta; my\u00f6s; oli; puute; puutetta; raudan", "summary": "Niiss\u00e4 oli tihe\u00e4ss\u00e4 lyhyit\u00e4 paksuja haaroja ja kyhmyj\u00e4 ja niiden v\u00e4ri oli kellanruskea, mik\u00e4 erotti ne my\u00f6s v\u00e4rivalokuvissa selv\u00e4sti terveiden kasvien valkeista juurista. Monissa maissa on todettu raudan puutetta rahkasoilla (1, s. 59, 8), mutta sen kytkeytymist\u00e4 boorin puutteeseen ja boorin ratkaisevaa vaikutusta kauran juurien kehitykseen ei liene aikaisemmin havaittu kentt\u00e4olosuhteissa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71561", "words": "3016", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Determination of carbohydrates in animal foods as seven fractions", "date": "1961", "keywords": "carbohydrates; duolite; fructosan; residue; sugars; water", "summary": "The experiments which were made with pure solutions of individual monosac- charides showed that the purification of the solution by ion-exchange resins Duolite A-7 and Duolite C-3 has no effect on the concentration of sugar solutions. If, however, Duolite A-7 has once been used for neutralization and has been regenerated, it concentrates sugar solutions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71562", "words": "4578", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kaila, Armi; H\u00e4nninen, Pentti", "title": "Response of winter rye to hyperphosphate and superphosphate", "date": "1961", "keywords": "phosphorus; plants; plots; rye; soil; superphosphate; trial k; trials", "summary": "In the less acid soil of trial K 105 hyperphosphate phosphorus seems to be found almost completely as calcium bound phosphorus whereas it has also increased in the more acid fine sand soil of trial K 104 some of the test values representing aluminium and iron bound phosphorus. Field trials Trial K 104 was on a fine sand soil, and trial K 105 was on a humus soil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71563", "words": "2736", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; Vainio, K. A.; Kero, M.-L.; Herkola, Eine", "title": "Analyses of plant products in greater detail", "date": "1961", "keywords": "carbohydrates; fraction; hulls; membrane; protein; substances", "summary": "Other membrane substances. The fraction \u00bbother membrane substances\u00bb contains mainly cell wall hemicellu- loses other than pentosans.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71564", "words": "2426", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Takala, Mauri", "title": "Super-, thomas- ja hienofosfaatin vaikutuksesta mutasuolla", "date": "1961", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; kalkitus; liming; psf; ptf; slag; years; yield", "summary": "ja olkisadot kg/ha (4 vuotta). V. 1941 ei fosfaattilannoitusta annettu ollenkaan ja kalilannoituskin oli vain 60 kg/ha K.O. Vuosilta 1943 ja 1944 ei ole koetuloksia k\u00e4ytett\u00e4viss\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71565", "words": "4889", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni; Salonen, Arvi; Antila, Simo", "title": "Kev\u00e4tviljan kehityksest\u00e4 Helsingin yliopiston Viikin (60\u00b0 10'N) ja Muddusniemen (69\u00b05'N) koetiloilla suoritetuissa kentt\u00e4kokeissa", "date": "1961", "keywords": "bis; der; des; die; kaura; kev\u00e4tviljan; kuin; k\u00e4rjen; l\u00e4mp\u00f6asteiden; muddusniemess\u00e4; muddusniemi; ohra; ollut; rispe; r\u00f6yhylle; r\u00f6yhyn; tammi; t\u00e4hk\u00e4lle; t\u00e4hk\u00e4n; t\u00e4ydelle; und; viik; viikiss\u00e4; von; vuosina; \u00e4hre", "summary": "Kultasade I I-kauran kylv\u00f6n ja t\u00e4ydelle r\u00f6yhylle tulon v\u00e4lisen ajan keskil\u00e4mp\u00f6tilojen vuoro- suhde Viikiss\u00e4 ja Muddusniemess\u00e4 vuosina 1949\u20141960. Viikin ja Muddusniemen koe- tilojen l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilanmuutosten keskeist\u00e4 korrelaatiota (r) vuodesta toiseen selvitet- Taulukko 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71566", "words": "2184", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Ik\u00e4heimo, Katri", "title": "A virus disease of oats in Finland similar to oat sterile-dwarf disease", "date": "1961", "keywords": "disease; dwarf; leafhoppers; oat; plants; sterile", "summary": "Thereafter the leafhoppers in these cages were transferred once a week to healthy oat plants. Leafhoppers collected in Sulva parish on the 28th April 1960 transmitted both viruses immediately to healthy oat plants without any acquisition feed in the glasshouse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71567", "words": "4600", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Pohjakallio, Onni; Karhuvaara, Laura; Antila, Simo", "title": "The effect of potato rugose on the yield of some potato varieties", "date": "1961", "keywords": "harbinger; plants; potato; potato plants; potato virus; variety; virus disease", "summary": "Suomessa viljellyn perunan virustaudeista (On potato virus diseases in Finland) Maatal.tiet. aikak. 21; 17 28. (4) Jamalainen, E. A, 1946, The significance of potato virus diseases in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71568", "words": "4042", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Ryyn\u00e4nen, Viljo", "title": "Pellon arvosta Liperin kunnassa vuosina 1956-1960", "date": "1962", "keywords": "arvioitu; arvo; arvoksi; ett\u00e4; field; hectare; hinta; kaupoissa; kohden; kuin; kun; liperin; luokan; maan; maatilojen; maksettu; mukaan; oli; pellon; peltoa; peltohehtaarin; perusteella; price; rakennetun; rakennusten; rakentamattomien; sek\u00e4; value; verohehtaaria", "summary": "ja talousrakennuksin varustettua ja vain talousrakennuksin varustettua verohehtaaria kohden. Talousrakennuksin varustetun verohehtaarin arvoksi tuli tutki- muksen mukaan 134 000 mk ja I luokan pellon arvoksi talousrakennuksineen 174 000 mk/ha.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71569", "words": "2651", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Sepp\u00e4nen, Esko; Huokuna, Erkki", "title": "Upto-perunan merkitys Mikkelin l\u00e4\u00e4nin maanviljelysseuran alueella", "date": "1962", "keywords": "alueella; area; ett\u00e4; jaakko; lajikkeet; lajikkeiden; mutta; oli; ollut; ovat; potato; savon; sen; sit\u00e4; upto; variety; viljelmill\u00e4; vuoden", "summary": "Maatiaisperuna Haalikainen edusti ihanteellista makusuuntaa, sill\u00e4 se sai arvosanaksi 9.8, Upto ja Jaakko saivat vas- taavasti 7.8 ja 7.6 (8 ja 8). Haalikainen n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 jo v. 1950 h\u00e4vinneen 15 ha suuremmilta viljelmilt\u00e4 ja Jaakko on jo v. 1959 syrj\u00e4ytt\u00e4nyt Upton niill\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71570", "words": "1940", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "M\u00e4kitie, Osmo", "title": "On the cobalt/nickel ratio in arable soils", "date": "1962", "keywords": "cobalt; elements; nickel; ratio; soils; trace", "summary": "Quantitative spectrographic determination of minor elements in soil samples. Such relatively low values are observable, for example, in muddy clays, muds and lake muds, and generally in peat soil types, the very soil types in which cobalt deficiency has mostly been found.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71571", "words": "4039", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "H\u00e4ggman, J.; Nikkil\u00e4, O. E.", "title": "Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs. V. The effect of benzoic acid on the sporulation of Bacillus megaterium", "date": "1962", "keywords": "acid; benzoate; benzoic; cells; medium; spores", "summary": "In the present study, based on the observation made in preliminary experiments of the authors (unpublished), that benzoic acid and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid inhibit sporulation much more effectively than the vegetative growth of some Bacillus species (B. megaterium, B. cereus and three unidentified species), attention has been mainly directed to the effect on sporulation of the preservatives mentioned. 98 Results Cultures in nutrient medium The experimental organism reproduced in a medium to which 1 per cent of sodium benzoate had been added (initial concentration 1.1 X 10\u201c4-m undissociated benzoic acid/1; the dissociation constant of benzoic acid used in calculations was 6.3 x 10\u201c5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71572", "words": "3599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Fixation of ammonium in Finnish soils", "date": "1962", "keywords": "ammonium; capacity; clay; content; fixation; fixing; potassium; samples; soil", "summary": "The content of exchangeable potassium varies in the surface soil samples quite markedly, prob- ably owing to the fertilization; yet, the mean value is not far higher than the cor- responding figure for the deeper layers. Ammonium fixation in soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71573", "words": "604", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Teittinen, Pentti", "title": "Viljan kosteuden tasaantumisesta sekoitettaessa", "date": "1962", "keywords": "jyvien; j\u00e4lkeen; koko; moisture", "summary": "Syysvehn\u00e4n kosteudenmuutokset kuivien ja kosteiden jyvien sekoittamisen j\u00e4lkeen Table 1. Kosteus % Moisture % Seos 1 Seos 2 Seos 3 Mixture 1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71574", "words": "2987", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Ruokola, Anna-Liisa", "title": "Lis\u00e4tietoja torajyv\u00e4n viljelykokeista Viikin koetilalla", "date": "1962", "keywords": "conidia; ensi; ergot; ett\u00e4; ilman; kuin; kuromia; kuromien; oli; olivat; rukiin; rye; taulukko; torajyv\u00e4n; vaikutus; vuosina; yield", "summary": "Lannoite levitettiin oraille v. 1959: 13.5., v. 1960: 28.4. ja v. 1961: 4.5. 123 lannoituksena 20 tonnia karjanlantaa, 300 kg superfosfaattia ja 160 kg 50 % kali- suolaa hehtaaria kohti.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71575", "words": "2289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "M\u00fchle, E.", "title": "Zur Grundlegung der Phytomedizin", "date": "1962", "keywords": "als; auch; bei; das; dem; den; der; die; eine; f\u00fcr; ist; patienten; pflanze; phytomedizin; phytopathologie; sich; und; von; werden", "summary": "Zu diesen allen kommt schliesslich entsprechend der Stellung der Pflanze in der Natur das fast un- \u00fcbersehbare Heer der Phytophagen, das vor allem deshalb so gross ist, weil die Pflanze als solche prim\u00e4r einem grossen Teil des Tierreiches und dem Menschen zur Nahrung dient. Und noch gr\u00f6sser als beim Tier wird bei der Pflanze die Zahl der tierischen Parasiten.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71576", "words": "5384", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Uotila, Irja", "title": "Nautakarjan kivenn\u00e4isaineiden sy\u00f6nnist\u00e4 laitumella. III", "date": "1962", "keywords": "aikana; cows; fodder; g g; hiehot; koe; kohti; kokeissa; kuin; lehm\u00e4t; limestone; mixture; oli; phosphate; rehusuolaseos; ruokasuolaa; salt; seosta; s\u00f6iv\u00e4t; total", "summary": "Sama havainto on tehty aikai- semmissakin kokeissa (4 ja s. 144), siis ett\u00e4 hiehot sy\u00f6v\u00e4t enemm\u00e4n kalsiumpitoisia kivenn\u00e4isrehu ja kuin lehm\u00e4t. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 kokeessa on k\u00e4ytetty muutoin samoja kivenn\u00e4isrehuja (ruo- kintakalkki, -dolomiitti, seos IV ja ruokasuola) kuin lehmien kokeessa 111 paitsi karkeampaa ruokasuolaa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71577", "words": "3414", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Halkilahti, Anna-Marja", "title": "The survival of sclerotia of Sclerotinia trifoliorum erikss. on the soil and the occurrence of clover rot in various years", "date": "1962", "keywords": "apothecia; clover; conditions; sclerotia; soil; survival; table; trifoliorum; years", "summary": "It is generally considered at the present time that Sclerotinia trifoliorum sur- vives during the summertime mainly in the form of sclerotia. Thus sclerotia are able to live for many years, although in general they are often rapidly destroyed in the soil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71578", "words": "3009", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne", "title": "On designing the average lactation curve at the ascending phase", "date": "1962", "keywords": "ascending; curve; lactation; peak; phase", "summary": "Absolute peak Method of Kajanoja and Method of the author Silvennoinen-Larpes Duration Duration Duration Peak of the Peak of the Peak of the production ascending production ascending production ascending phase phase phase kg days In order to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks, the author proposes that average lactation curves should be designed in such a way that both productions and times involved in reaching them are averages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71579", "words": "2010", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "The temperature of peat soil at Leteensuo", "date": "1962", "keywords": "conditions; leteensuo; peat; pelsonsuo; soil; temperature", "summary": "At the experimental station Leteensuo of the Society of Peat Cultivation (24.15\u00b0 E, 61.04\u00b0 N) certain investiga- tions concerning soil temperatures have been carried out since 1958. There is a remarkable difference in soil temperature between two bogs of different geographical location, namely, Leteensuo and Pelsonsuo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71580", "words": "1102", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Salonen, Arvi", "title": "Plenodomus meliloti Dearness & Sanford found in Finnish Lappland", "date": "1962", "keywords": "fig; meliloti; pycnidia; sanford", "summary": "On the basis of the culture tests as well as the symptoms observed in the roots of infected clover plants, it was possible to determine this fungus as being Plenodomus meliloti Dearness & Sanford (1. 4). For example, in the red clover sowing time trial (sowing dates 15. 6. 1960 and 15. 7. 1960), all the clover varieties, including the Finnish variety Tammisto, were completely destroyed in the course of the winter, In investigating the cause of the clover destruction, it was found that the fungal growths observed on the roots of dead clover plants were black, hard, slightly flattened spherical formations, s\u2014ll5\u201411 mm in diameter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71581", "words": "7170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne", "title": "The lactation curve of the cow at the ascending phase", "date": "1962", "keywords": "ascending; cows; day; days; feeding; heifer; lactation; peak production; period; phase; sequence; winter", "summary": "Each of these groups has further been divided in two subgroups: the first includes lac- tations of cows at the first lactation and the second includes lactation of older cows. The duration of the ascending phase was in general significantly longer at winter than at pasture feeding in both heifer-cows and older cows treated separately.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71582", "words": "4785", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Determination of total organic phosphorus in samples of mineral soils", "date": "1962", "keywords": "extraction; ignition; method; phosphorus; results; samples; soil", "summary": "Ignition method and extraction method Provided the destruction of organic matter and the extraction of phosphorus are effective enough, the ignition methods usually tend to give somewhat higher values for the organic phosphorus than do the extraction methods (8, 9, 12). These observations do not indicate that the difference between the respective results obtained by the ignition and extraction method would depend on only one or two characteristics of the soil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71583", "words": "3732", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki", "title": "Lyhytp\u00e4iv\u00e4krysanteemin pistokasmonistus- ja taimikasvatuskokeista", "date": "1962", "keywords": "alustalla; average; chrysanthemum; cuttings; eri; ett\u00e4; experiment; halo; hiekka; juuriston; krysanteemin; kuin; media; multa; oli; ovat; penkkiin; pistokkaiden; pituus; propagation; rooting; sen; silvertone; suoraan; taulukko; turvehiekka; verson", "summary": "Hormonik\u00e4sittelyn vaikutus tuli esiin ensisijaisesti juurten lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisess\u00e4, kun sen sijaan juuren pituuskasvuun ja verson kehitykseen sill\u00e4 tuskin oli havaittavaa vaikutusta. SEARLEn ja MACHiNin (18) selostamissa kokeissa eri lajikkeiden havaittiin tarvitsevan tietyn pituisen 199 kasvuajan ennen piment\u00e4misen aloittamista, ja todettiin sen vaihtelevan lajik- keesta riippuen 6:sta 20 vrk:een.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71584", "words": "2803", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Phosphorus test values of fresh and air-dried soil samples", "date": "1962", "keywords": "acid; drying; samples; soil", "summary": "Therefore, the use of fresh soil samples is recommended. It is often emphasized that drying of soil samples affects the solubility of soil phosphorus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71585", "words": "2985", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Multam\u00e4ki, K.", "title": "The effect of seed size and depth of seeding on the emergence of grassland plants", "date": "1962", "keywords": "depth; emergence; grass; seeding; seedlings; size; strains", "summary": "In four of the remaining seven species distinct dependence of total emergence upon seed size was established, too. Further, in five of the eleven strains studied, no significant dependence of total emergence upon seed size was found.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71586", "words": "2082", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Heinonen, Reijo", "title": "J\u00e4ykkien savien pintakerroksen laadusta", "date": "1962", "keywords": "aitosavea; alap\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4; clay; content; ett\u00e4; fields; fig; jankon; koko; kuin; mukaan; multakerroksen; oli; savespitoisuus; subsoil; topsoil", "summary": "Tarkasteltaessa hiilipitoisuuden suhdetta mullan ja jankon savespitoisuuteen pellon yl\u00e4- ja alap\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 ilmeni, ett\u00e4 yl\u00e4p\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 mullan hiili- ja savespitoisuuksien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 on melko voimakas positiivinen korrelaatio (r = o.47***, piirros 6). ja b-pisteille on laskettu yhteinen regressiosuora, mink\u00e4 ohella on viit- teenn\u00e4 pilkkuviiva 45\u00b0;ssa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71587", "words": "2880", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4, Mikko", "title": "Trace elements in Finnish soils as related to soil texture and organic matter content", "date": "1962", "keywords": "contents; elements; log; matter; mineral; soils; trace; trace elements", "summary": "Organic soils have often been found to be low in total trace elements, while relatively high concentrations, of some trace elements may occur in mineral top- soils rich in organic matter (4, 8, 17, 22). The total contents of many trace elements are generally low in Finnish peat soils, and particularly in Sphagnum peats, (20, 21); most of the Cu-deficiency cases, for example, are found in organic soils (18, 19).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71588", "words": "1042", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the humification of the peat in cultivated Sphagnum bogs", "date": "1962", "keywords": "peat; volume; weight", "summary": "As the mobilization of nitrogen is quite minimal in Sphagnum peat, which is the reason why nitrogen fertilization occupies a key position in the cultivation of Sphagnum bogs, for instance, it is to be expected that nitrogen fertilization also has its significance Fertilization Volume weight Increment PK 0.262 NPK 0.288 +0.026 2NPK 0.288 +0.026 3NPK 0.316 +0.054 F-value 5.39* The results of the investigation presented in the accompanying table reveal that the volume weight of the ash-free, dry peat was higher in the treatments with nitrogen fertilization than in the PK treatment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71589", "words": "4496", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "The pH-reaction of the peat in long-term soil improvement and fertilizing trials at the Leteensuo experimental station", "date": "1962", "keywords": "hectare; layer; liming; peat; reaction; soil; sphagnum; trial; value", "summary": "pH Change from the K plot 0 K PK t value 2PK t value 3PK t value pH (H2O) 4.50 4.49 0.09 1.32 0.18 2.12 0.15 1.73 pH (KCI) 4.15 4.15 0.10 0.17 0.14 pH (CaCl2 ) 3.97 3.97 0.07 0.16 0.13 Phosphorus and potassium fertilization. With farmyard manure Without farmyard manure pH t value Artificial pH t value fertilizer , ....fertilizer PK pH (H 2O) 5.08 - PK 4,89 - 3NPK Change 0.23 3.45* NPK 0.12 2.02 6NPK 0.36 4.12* 2NPK 0.19 10.07*** 9NPK 0.63 21.00*** 3NPK 0.34 5.59\u00bb* PK pH (KCI) 4.63 - PK 4.39 - 3NPK Change 0.23 3.07* NPK 0.12 3.38* 6NPK 0.34 5.22** 2NPK 0.22 5.00** 9NPK 0.64 18.80*** 3NPK 0.37 B.9B*** PK pH (CaCI 2 ) 4.40 - PK 4.11 3NPK Change 0.11 1.64 NPK 0.07 1.42 6NPK 0.27 5.02** 2NPK 0.20 4.44* 9NPK 0.62 10.18*** 3NPK 0.32 4.45* 52 Table 10.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71590", "words": "3888", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; Herkola, Eine; Kero, M.-L.", "title": "A method for cellulose determination", "date": "1962", "keywords": "boiling; cellulose; crude; determination; lignin; method; pentosans; preparations; solution; water", "summary": "For the purpose of studying the solubility of cellulose in the alkali treatment used in our method, crude cellulose preparations were made of filter paper, cotton fibre, and linen cloth. The result obtained gives the amount of crude cellulose.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71591", "words": "6579", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Maijala, K.; Vainikainen, V.", "title": "\u00dcber die Ursachen der Variation in der Dicke des R\u00fcckenspeckes an der Versuchsstation f\u00fcr Schweinezucht", "date": "1962", "keywords": "als; anteil; auch; auf; aus; bei; bestehenden; dass; dem; den; der; des; dicke; die; f\u00fcr; geschlechtern; hat; innerhalb; insges; ist; korrelation; material; m\u00fctter; nicht; r\u00fcckenspeckdicke; r\u00fcckenspeckes; schlachtgewicht; sich; sind; tabelle; und; variation; von; v\u00e4ter; werden; zwischen; \u00fcber", "summary": "Gegen\u00fcber den Tabellen 3 und 4 \u00fcber die Dicke des R\u00fcckenspeckes besteht in den Tabellen 5 und 6 \u00fcber die Schlachtgewichte der Unterschied, dass der Anteil der M\u00fctter an der Variation nunmehr etwas gr\u00f6sser als der der V\u00e4ter ist. Der Anteil der V\u00e4ter war etwas gr\u00f6sser als der der M\u00fctter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71592", "words": "8360", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Salmi, Martti", "title": "On the influence of geological factors upon plant nutrient content of peats", "date": "1963", "keywords": "aitoneva; ash; bog; contents; copper; elements; matter; peat; peat ash; phosphorus; ppm; samples; table; values", "summary": "Molybdenum occurs in peat samples from many profiles at Riivij\u00e4nk\u00e4 most often as 10\u2014200 ppm of peat ash, but values less than 10 ppm are fairly frequent. According to P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen (22) antimonite has been observed in the outcrop at this site, and peat samples were taken some 10 m away from a bog by the side of a Table 7.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71593", "words": "3195", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Total content of phosphorus in some Finnish soils", "date": "1963", "keywords": "content; peat; phosphorus; phosphorus content; ppm; soils", "summary": "Total phosphorus content in the virgin peat samples (Expressed as P mg/kg) Surface layer Deeper layers Number Number Kind of peat of Range Mean* of Range Mean* samples samples Sphagnum peat 15 220-970 600 \u00b1 120 17 190-1180 570 \u00b1 120 Carex-Sphagnum peat 13 360 1480 750 \u00b1 200 21 410 1810 830 \u00b1 190 Sphagnum- The total phosphorus content of the humus and peat soils seems to be rela- tively high, but attention must be paid to the fact that in these soils the weight of volume is rather low.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71594", "words": "3152", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Varis, Eero; Manneri, Matti", "title": "The effect of the morphological properties of the ear on the susceptibility of winter wheat to sprouting in the ear", "date": "1963", "keywords": "bald; ear; ears; erect; hairy; method; nutant; sprouting; type", "summary": "The water-retaining capacity of hairy ears was greater than that of bald ears for the relative weight increase in experiment I for hairy ears was 14.2\u201419.4 per cent and in experiment II 20.1\u201430.7 per cent greater than for bald ears. Sprouting ears in moist sand.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71595", "words": "5229", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Fertilizer phosphorus in various fractions of soil phosphorus", "date": "1963", "keywords": "acid; fertilizer phosphorus; fraction; phosphate; phosphorus; sample; sample c; soil; soil phosphorus", "summary": "Then there is the question of the changes in the forms of soil phosphorus during the extraction procedure which may be quite essential when freshly applied phosphorus compounds are included. Fractionation of soil phosphorus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71596", "words": "3773", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Manner, Rolf", "title": "Heterosis in red clover", "date": "1963", "keywords": "bulk; clover; crosses; harvest; kilograms; red; strains; value; year", "summary": "Material and methods The present author found it of practical interest for plant breeding and plant husbandry to undertake experiments to explore the practical possibilities of making bulk crosses and mixtures between red clover strains, and of investigating the possi- bilities of obtaining practically usable strains of crosses by a breeding method for combining ability. In Table 6 are given the average results of separate bulk crosses performed with selected plants of different strains.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71597", "words": "4688", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "H\u00e4ggman, Jarl; Kuusi, Taina", "title": "Retention of the quality of blackcurrant juice in lacquered tinplate cans", "date": "1963", "keywords": "acid; cans; juice; months; storage; unscratched; values", "summary": "Only after storage of 9 months was there a small amount of violet precipitate attached to the walls of scratched cans maintained at 18\u00b0C. In scratched cans, the sites of scratches were progressively enlarged, although only to a minor extent.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71598", "words": "5324", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Phosphorus conditions at various depths in some mineral soils", "date": "1963", "keywords": "aluminium; content; inorganic; layer; phosphorus; soils", "summary": "Soil phosphorus fractions in some representative soils. Fractionation of soil phosphorus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71599", "words": "4500", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kossila, Vappu", "title": "Effects of season and stage of lactation on protein bound iodine and total cholesterol in serum of dairy cows", "date": "1963", "keywords": "cholesterol; cows; dairy; lactation; level; milk; pbi; serum; thyroid; total", "summary": "It is possible that parallel seasonal variations in FBI and cholesterol levels (Fig. 2) may have had a favorable influence in obtaining significant positive cor- relations between X 2 and X 3 in the above-mentioned cases. The average cholesterol level of 177 mg % one month post partum was rela- tively low in regard to milk production compared with cholesterol levels obtained at later stages of lactation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71600", "words": "6155", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Linko, R. R.; Nikkil\u00e4, O. E.", "title": "Behaviour of muscle protein fractions of broilers during freezing and frozen storage", "date": "1963", "keywords": "aging; broilers; changes; chicken; freezing; muscle; myosin; proteins; rigor; solubility; storage", "summary": "Different https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=Zook3UP2Bnmc_6zt.AsR9GB6zIC9iedrY0Dj1pQ.eOaWtspTWZ15W5zuNclL9NN4t_lRZm36hZ5MvLWk0EQGY1ZJ_6a0JGbZ2X5ZrGhjCILSbUUY5BgSkYlxTzekSSpT6YKKWeQEE2NlkwdNIDGLRGA5vXwLd_FUXM-Dg2P1U8fX7dvl6_YIF-Bl0XkK_zIPcPkOa0DLtgmLak1u1wO_gSKJryJ7JQgRFzHTQ8oR 93 authors have assumed that changes in connective tissue, dissociation of the main component of the muscle protein, actomyosin, and a rise in its solubility, an increase in the hydration of muscle proteins, or proteolysis, are responsible (for discussion, see 39). Fractionation of muscle proteins of broilers Methods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71601", "words": "874", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Manner, Rolf", "title": "Er\u00e4iden vehn\u00e4lajien siemenjuurien lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4st\u00e4", "date": "1963", "keywords": "kuin; lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; ollut; siemenjuurien; triticum", "summary": "vulgare Tavallinen vehn\u00e4 15 3.88 \u00b10.06 rum, T. turgidum, T. polonicum ja T. persicum) on ollut huomattavasti enemm\u00e4n siemenjuuria kuin T. dicoccoides- lajissa (t=24.oo***) ja T. dicoccumissa. Suurin siemenjuurien lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 on ollut diploideissa paljasjyv\u00e4isiss\u00e4 viljelyvehniss\u00e4 (Triti- cum persicum, T. durum, T. turgidum ja T. polonicum )", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71602", "words": "5509", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki", "title": "Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 krysanteemin ja joulut\u00e4hden viljelyss\u00e4", "date": "1963", "keywords": "1962; amo; arno; ccc; day; eri; ett\u00e4; growth; kasvien; kasvua; kuin; k\u00e4sittelem\u00e4t\u00f6n; k\u00e4sittely; lehtien; oli; phosfon; phosfon d; pinching; p\u00e4iv\u00e4; rel; taulukko; treatment; untreated; vaikutus; viik", "summary": "CCC ja Arno 1618, hillitsiv\u00e4t krysanteemin kasvua. Arno 1618 15.12. 24. 11, Phosfon D:n ja CCC:n vaikutus kukinnan alkamiseen oli v\u00e4h\u00e4ist\u00e4, mutta sen- sijaan", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71603", "words": "2723", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Ulvinen, Osmo", "title": "Suomessa viljeltyjen ohralajikkeiden systemaattinen asema", "date": "1963", "keywords": "abb; convar; der; die; erectum; hybernum; jyv\u00e4n; kannan; lapakon; meill\u00e4; nimityst\u00e4; nivelten; ohra; ole; ovat; parallelum; sauli; t\u00e4hk\u00e4n; vain; var", "summary": "Eroili (5) toteaa, ett\u00e4 2-tahoisilla ohrilla kaunojen lapaosan koko on selv\u00e4sti riippuvuussuhteessa jyv\u00e4n kannan muodon ja t\u00e4hk\u00e4n tiheyden kanssa. Lmtm-tyypill\u00e4 oli poikittainen vako, spurium-kanta p\u00e4\u00e4ttyi suorasti ilman poikkivakoa ja falsum- kannalla oli sis\u00e4\u00e4npainunut tyvipinta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71604", "words": "1378", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Manner, Rolf", "title": "The influence of seed size on emergence of seedlings and plant development in grain crops with special reference to seeding depth", "date": "1963", "keywords": "depth; seeding; seedlings; seeds; table", "summary": "In each pair of small seeds and large seeds both seed batches were obtained from the same cultivation lot by grading. After preliminary cleaning, the seed was graded to effect a division of each seed lot into three parts: (1) about 10 %, small seeds; (2) about 80 %, \u00bbmedium large\u00bb seeds; and (3) about 10 %, large seeds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71605", "words": "10667", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne", "title": "Parturient and metabolic disturbances in the cow and their influence upon milk production", "date": "1963", "keywords": "calving; cases; cows; curve; days; disease; effect; grass; influence; lactation; milk production; parturient; period; tetany", "summary": "3O % from calving Older cows 55\u201465 % 40 \u20145O % <4O % 1/8 of the Heifer cows 60-70 % 45-55 % <45% ascending phase Older cows 65 \u201475 % 50 \u20146O % <5O % 1/4 of the ascending phase All cows 75\u201485 % 60 70 % <60% 1/2 of the ascending phase All cows 80 \u20149O % 65 \u201475 % <65 % An evaluation of moderate influence of the disturbance corresponds usually to a drop in daily milk yield of 2\u20144 kg in heifer cows and 3\u20145 kg in older cows. According to Garner (7, p. 123) parturient paresis causes large losses in milk production as a result of the decline in yield at the begin- ning phase of lactation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71606", "words": "5986", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Dependence of the phosphate sorption capacity on the aluminium and iron in Finnish soils", "date": "1963", "keywords": "aluminium; clay soils; content; iron; phosphate; samples; sand soils; silt soils; soils", "summary": "Soil samples, mean values and standard deviations for the groups Number AI Fe The contents of both aluminium and iron explain from 49 to 84 per cent of the variance in k, in the various groups of soil samples; for all the samples this part is only 64 per cent.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71607", "words": "5920", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Fractions of inorganic phosphorus in Finnish mineral soils", "date": "1964", "keywords": "clay; inorganic; loam; phosphorus; samples; sand; sand soils; soils; soluble; surface", "summary": "Soil phosphorus fractions in some representative soils. Inorganic soil phosphorus fractions of some Ontario soils as studied using isotopic exchange and solubility criteria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71608", "words": "2026", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Hoffr\u00e9n, L.; Hoffr\u00e9n, V.; Haaranen, S.", "title": "The effect of iron injection at different ages on baby pig haemoglobin", "date": "1964", "keywords": "age; birth; blood; days; haemoglobin; injection; iron; pigs", "summary": "The mean weight gain in test groups during 14 days after iron injection. Day of injection Weight at Weight 14 days Weight gain. after birth injection time, after injection, kg kg kg 2 2.0 4.2 2.2 4 2.7 5.9 3.2 6 2.9 5.6 2.7 8 3.6 5.8 2.2 10 3.3 5.5 2.2 12 4.2 6.9 2.7 14 4.4 6.2 1.8 Variance analysis of the mean weight increases in test groups after injection during 14 days\u2019 observation. The mean haemoglobin alteration before and after iron injection.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71609", "words": "2257", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Raininko, Ky\u00f6sti", "title": "The pea mosaic virus at the experimental farms, Viik and Muddusniemi", "date": "1964", "keywords": "clover; mosaic; pea; plants; red; symptoms; virus", "summary": "No. of plants Aver, fresh weight, g Healthy 30 10.5 Infected 9 5.6 Observations on the overwintering of virotic clover plants were made in a trial in which both healthy plants (120 in number) and virotic plants (30) were transplant- ed in an outdoor trial plot in the spring of 1960. The numbers of virotic clover plants in first-year red clover stands, summer 1960.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71610", "words": "5491", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Halkilahti, Anna-Marja", "title": "The significance of soil microorganisms as a limiting factor in infection of clover by Sclerotinia trifoliorum erikss. at different times of the year", "date": "1964", "keywords": "clover; fallow; field; infection; microorganisms; samples; soil; trifoliorum; year", "summary": "The number of soil microorganisms as well as the percentage of infection of clover in petri dishes by S. trifoliorum in soil samples taken from limed and unlimed fields between April and November (total number of dishes about 190 in 1962, 144 in 1963; cf. The numbers of soil microorganisms and the amount of infection of red clover by S. trifolio- rum in soil samples in trialsperformed outdoors at a temperature of 5 10\u00b0C. 131", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71611", "words": "9977", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Raatikainen, Mikko; Raatikainen, Terttu", "title": "Kev\u00e4tviljapeltojen ja niiden pientareiden kasveista Laihialla", "date": "1964", "keywords": "arvensis; cereal; clay; cover; deschampsia; edges; eri; esiintyy; ett\u00e4; fields; frequency; galeopsis; j\u00e4lkeen; kev\u00e4tviljan; kuin; kuitenkin; lajeja; lajien; lajit; media; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; niiden; nurmen; ole; olevan; ollut; ovat; peat; pelloissa; peltojen; phleum; pientareiden; pientareissa; pratense; repens; rumex; savimaalla; soil; species; spring; stand; stellaria; strips; table; tai; taulukko; trifolium; turvemaalla; vain", "summary": "Jokilaaksoissa vallitsee savi, ja nii- den v\u00e4liset kohoumat ovat moreenia tai hiekkaa. ja hiekka- maalla olevia viljelyksi\u00e4 tutkimusaineistoon ei ole saatu, ja hienot hietamaat on k\u00e4sitelty savimaiden kanssa yhten\u00e4 ryhm\u00e4n\u00e4 nimell\u00e4 savimaat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71612", "words": "8004", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kuusi, Taina", "title": "The effect of freezing-drying, cloudiness and concentration on the keeping quality of various blackcurrant products", "date": "1964", "keywords": "acid; aroma; ascorbic; ascorbic acid; berries; colour; drying; freeze; juice; months; samples; storage; \u00b0 c", "summary": "Summary Experiments have been made in the development of various new black-currant products, such as cloudy juice, juice concentrate and various freeze-dried prepara- tions, along with a study of the effect of these different methods of preparation on the initial quality and storage properties. Cloudy juices The weights of the freeze-dried cloudy juice were checked as above; the find- ings have been expressed as percentages of the original weight.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71613", "words": "2666", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "H\u00e5rdh, J. E.", "title": "Mustaherukan C-vitamiinipitoisuuteen vaikuttavista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4", "date": "1964", "keywords": "berries; black; br\u00f6dtorp; content; eri; ett\u00e4; kuin; marjojen; mean; mustaherukan; oli; sek\u00e4; vaikutusta; vitamiinipitoisuus; vitamin; vuonna; vuosina", "summary": "T\u00e4m\u00e4 johtunee mustaherukalla osittain siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 marjojen C-vitamiinipitoisuus alenee nopeasti marjojen kypsymisen edistyess\u00e4 ja ett\u00e4 on vaikeata saada marjan\u00e4ytteit\u00e4, jotka kypsyysasteeltaan tarkoin vastaisivat toisiaan. Monissa hedelmiss\u00e4 ja marjoissa, kuten omenassa, mansikassa, tomaatissa ja ruusunmarjassa lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyy C-vitamiinipitoisuus hedelm\u00e4n kypsyess\u00e4 (5, 8,9, 10).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71614", "words": "7238", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "St\u00e4hlin, A.", "title": "Neuere Futterpflanzen in der Deutschen Futterproduktion", "date": "1964", "keywords": "aber; alexandriner; als; anbau; arten; auch; auf; aus; bei; bis; bisher; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; deutschland; die; dieser; durch; eine; formen; futterpflanzen; f\u00fcr; giessen; gruppe; hat; ist; jahren; kann; klee; k\u00f6nnen; mehr; mit; mitteleuropa; muss; nach; neuen; nicht; noch; nur; oder; sehr; sich; sie; sind; sorten; trifolium; und; von; vor; wegen; weil; werden; wie; wird; zum; zur; z\u00fcchtung; \u00fcber", "summary": "Wir kennen von ihm 3 Typen, eine fr\u00fchbl\u00fchende und rein generative Form, die in Portugal Interesse gefunden hat und von der Alkaloidgehalt und mit geringer Platzneigung der H\u00fclsen erwartet werden; sie sind von der mittelamerikanischen kleink\u00f6rnigen Ausdauernden Lupine, Lupinus perennis, und der genannten westamerikanischen Waldkultur- pflanze, L. polyphyllus, bereits bekannt (11).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71615", "words": "4690", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "St\u00e4hlin, A.", "title": "\u00dcber die Rolle des Stickstoffs im Futterbau", "date": "1964", "keywords": "aber; als; auch; auf; bei; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; durch; d\u00fcngung; eine; floranid; futterpflanzen; f\u00fcr; ist; k\u00f6nnen; mehr; mit; nach; nicht; noch; nur; sehr; sind; stickstoff; und; von; vor; war; wenn; werden; wird; wirkung; \u00fcber", "summary": "Auch soll der von den h\u00f6heren Pflanzen nicht aufgenommene Floranid-Stickstoff, sobald er gel\u00f6st ist, von Mikroorganismen des Bodens in ihre K\u00f6rpersubstanz eingebaut werden, und zwar so fest, dass die Freigabe an die h\u00f6heren Pflanzen nicht geschieht. Es ist ausdr\u00fccklich darauf hinzuweisen, dass in der jetzigen Zeit mit ihren von der tierischen Leistung her gesteigerten Anforderungen an die pflanzliche Qualit\u00e4t die Rohfaserwerte nicht mehr genug \u00fcber den Futter- wert aussagen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71616", "words": "1838", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "Points to be considered in the establishment of long-term field trials", "date": "1964", "keywords": "area; ash; peat; soil; test", "summary": "The ash contents (per cent), of the tilled layers in soil improvement tests, after cultivation during 37 and 28 years (test No. 1 and No. 2, respectively). Since the soil improvement treatments in test No. 2 were applied by test plots, all plots which received no mineral soil addition are only 6.67 m in length in the direction in which the tilling machines moved.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71617", "words": "4267", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Westermarck, N.", "title": "Human aspects on the re-organization and reallocation of resources on family farms", "date": "1964", "keywords": "ability; adoption; farmers; farming; farms; finland; knowledge; labour; level; production", "summary": "Later adopters can observe the results of new farm practices on other farms and may not require this ability to deal with abstractions. The farmer innovator further refines, modifies and perfects new farm ideas after their original development by others.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71618", "words": "5545", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Forms of newly retained phosphorus in mineral soils", "date": "1964", "keywords": "cent; clay; phosphate; phosphorus; samples; sand; soils; soluble", "summary": "The low acidity of some glacial clay soils of the deeper layers increases the mean pH of the groups of subsoil samples and clay soil samples. Coefficients of determination, r 2, and multiple determination, R 2, for the relation between the rations of sorbed \u00bbAl-P\u00bb/*Fe-P\u00bb and total \u00bbAl-P\u00bb/\u00bbFe-P\u00bb with other soil properties Group of soil samples Sand an<l Loam and Topsoil Subsoil fine sand silt Clay 1 = sorbed \u00bbAl-P\u00bb/\u00bbFe-P\u00bb r 2 1 j Al/Fc 0.43 0.24 0.23 0.19 0.23 R 2 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71619", "words": "2213", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Eggelsmann, Rudolf; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Timo", "title": "Einfluss von Entw\u00e4sserung und landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung auf die Durchl\u00e4ssigkeit des Moorbodens", "date": "1964", "keywords": "1903; abb; auch; den; der; des; die; durchl\u00e4ssigkeit; ist; leteensuo; mit; moor; nach; nicht; tab; und; von; \u00fcber", "summary": "Die sich andeutungs- weise ergebende Sackung-Zeit-Kurve (Abb. 4 oben) ist recht \u00e4hnlich der aus der Moor-Versuchswirtschaft K\u00f6nigsmoor bei Hamburg (5) und der aus anderen Mooren (9, 7). Jahre Oberkrume 2 nicht entw\u00e4ssert 3.7 1 1903 1961 - - - - 3.8 3 1903 1932 1934 300 Ton/Savea 20 9 5.6 4 1903 1930 1932 400 Sand/Hiekkaa 19 12 5.9 5 1903 1921 1923 300 Ton/Savea 21 19 5.7 6 1903 1908 1908 a) Neben einer erneuten H\u00f6henaufnahme zum Vergleich mit der von Malm aus dem Jahre 1903 sind von uns an den", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71620", "words": "5304", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Zeller, Otti", "title": "Entwicklungsrhythmen von Obstgew\u00e4chsen in Finnland I. Entwicklungsrhythmen von f\u00fcnf Kultursorten von Malus communis Poir. und von Prunus padus L.", "date": "1964", "keywords": "abbildung; als; apfelsorten; auch; auf; aus; bei; bl\u00fctendifferenzierung; bl\u00fctenknospen; das; dem; den; der; des; die; einer; entwicklungsstufe; finnland; f\u00fcr; ich; ist; knospen; kuulas; mit; noch; padus; prunus; sariola; sich; sorte; und; valkea; von; \u00e4ker\u00f6", "summary": "Mit den wild wachsenden Arten von Rubus arcticus L. und Rubus chamae- morus L. Der hier vorliegende Teil I berichtet von der Morphogenese der Bl\u00fctenknospen und Embryogenese der Samen einiger in S\u00fcdfinnland angebauten Apfelsorten und von der Bl\u00fctenentwicklung der Traubenkirsche (Prunus padus L.). Infloreszenz von Abb, 9 st\u00e4rker vergr\u00f6ssert. Die Knospen von Prunus padus entwickelten sich also wesentlich rascher als die Knospen der Apfelsorte Sariola, und sie durchliefen die Wintermonate auf einer h\u00f6heren", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71621", "words": "2310", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Leila-Riitta", "title": "Certain parasites of fungal sclerotia", "date": "1965", "keywords": "isolate; minitans; roseus; sclerotia; trifoliorum", "summary": "Materials and methods The sclerotia of S. trifoliorum and S. sclerotiorum were cultivated in the labora- tory at a temperature of about 10\u00b0C on Henneberg agar (lOg peptone, 2 g NH 4H2P0 4, 2 g KN03 , 0.5 g MgS04, 0.1 g CaCl 2, 100 g glucose, 20 g agar, 1000 ml distilled water). The sclerotia of S. trifoliorum and S. sclerotiorum were transferred outdoors in November 1961 and 1962.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71622", "words": "2196", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Yll\u00f6, L.", "title": "Ruudun koko perunan lajikekokeissa", "date": "1965", "keywords": "esim; ett\u00e4; kerranteita; koon; oli; olivat; perunan; plot; ruudun; ruutu; ruutuja; seuraavana; size; suuri; tainta; vuonna", "summary": "Tulosten tarkastelua Lajikkeiden satoisuussuhteista mainittakoon, ett\u00e4 keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen mukulasato oli, huomioonottaen kaikki lajikkeet, v. 1963 32.4 tn/ha ja seuraavana vuonna 29.4 tn/ha. Multakerroksen vahvuus oli n. 30 cm, ja jankko oli liejusavea.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71623", "words": "12113", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Ryyn\u00e4nen, Viljo", "title": "Maatalousrakennusten m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ja arvo sek\u00e4 rakennusten kapasiteetin hyv\u00e4ksik\u00e4ytt\u00f6 er\u00e4iden Pohjois-Karjalan kuntien alueella vuonna 1960", "date": "1965", "keywords": "111; ala; alle; area; arvo; buildings; capacity; class; enemm\u00e4n; eri; esitetty; ett\u00e4; farms; feed; hectare; hyv\u00e4ksik\u00e4ytt\u00f6; j\u00e4lkeen; j\u00e4lleenhankinta; kapasiteetin; keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen; kohti; korsirehuvarastojen; kotiel\u00e4inrakennusten; kotiel\u00e4inten; kuin; kun; k\u00e4ytetty; land; laskettu; livestock; livestock buildings; luku; luokassa; l\u00e4hes; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; noin; ole; oli; olivat; ollut; osa; ovat; peltoalan; peltohehtaaria; peltohehtaaria kohti; pinta; rakennukset; rakennusten; sek\u00e4; size; storages; straw; suuri; suuruusluokan; table; tai; tapauksissa; tarve; taulukko; tutkittujen; tutkituilla; tutkituilla viljelmill\u00e4; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; utilisation; varastot; viljelmien; viljelmill\u00e4; viljelm\u00e4suuruusluokittain; viljelm\u00e4t; vuotta", "summary": "Karjakeitti\u00f6n, maitohuoneen ja muiden aputilojen alan tarvehan riippuu paitsi nautayksik\u00f6iden luvusta my\u00f6s el\u00e4inlajista, tuotantosuunnasta ja hoito- ja ruokintamenetelm\u00e4st\u00e4. Toiseen kuuluvat ne viljelm\u00e4t, joiden kotiel\u00e4inrakennusten ik\u00e4 on ollut alle 20 vuotta ja toiseen ne viljelm\u00e4t, joilla on t\u00e4t\u00e4 vanhemmatkotiel\u00e4inrakennukset.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71624", "words": "4193", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Ryti, Ritva", "title": "On the determination of soil pH", "date": "1965", "keywords": "clay; hours; liquid; samples; soil; suspension; units; values; water", "summary": "Soil samples Sample Soil type Depth Mechanical analysis Org. To examine the magnitude of the suspension effect, soil suspensions were prepared as usual in water and 0.01 M CaCl 2 in ratio 1: 2.5 but doubling usual volumes to facilitate the handling and measuring.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71625", "words": "5249", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "H\u00e5rdh, J. E.; Wallden, Johanna", "title": "Mustaherukan kukankehitys ja marjanmuodostus", "date": "1965", "keywords": "1964; aikana; alkaa; alkoi; br\u00f6dtorp; eri; erilaistuminen; ett\u00e4; kehitys; kuin; kukanaiheet; kukanaiheiden; kukinta; kukkien; kun; lajikkeilla; lepaan; musta; mustaherukan; my\u00f6hemmin; my\u00f6s; oli; ovat; pollination; p\u00f6lytys; sek\u00e4; sit\u00e4; table; taulukko; variety; viik; viikiss\u00e4; wellington; xxx", "summary": "Kukanaiheiden kehitysnopeus riippuu p\u00e4iv\u00e4n pituudesta, ja kehitys n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 alkavan vasta sitten, kun p\u00e4iv\u00e4 on lyhentynyt noin 13 tuntiin. ja lehdenkasvu ja aiheuttaa siten kukanaiheiden heikke- nemist\u00e4 sek\u00e4 marjan varisemista seuraavana vuonna (9).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71626", "words": "2448", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Hackman, Patrick", "title": "Bif\u00f6rtj\u00e4nsternas storlek och struktur p\u00e5 bokf\u00f6ringsg\u00e5rdarna i Finland", "date": "1965", "keywords": "1950/51; att; cash; det; farm; fr\u00e4n; f\u00f6r; g\u00e4rdsbruket; har; inkomster; och; receipts; som; tili", "summary": "framkommit, att de studerade faktorerna, bif\u00f6rtj\u00e4nsternas storlek och art, f\u00f6reter mycket stora variationer mellan olika g\u00e4rdsbruksgrupper f\u00f6r att inte tala om enskilda fall. Detta beror i huvudsak p\u00e4 att sm\u00e4brukens andel av alla bok- f\u00f6ringsg\u00e4rdar v\u00e4rit j\u00e4mf\u00f6relsevis liten och att f\u00f6retagama p\u00e4 dessa g\u00e4rdar hyser speciellt stort intresse f\u00f6r jordbruk (3, 5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71627", "words": "1664", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Leila-Riitta", "title": "The effect of various treatments of culture medium upon the growth of certain fungal antagonists", "date": "1965", "keywords": "effect; fungi; roseus; trifoliorum", "summary": "Oxygen deficiency suppressed the growth of S. trifoliorum, and the growth and the conidia formation of A. roseus I and 11, M. hiemalis and T. viride. Sienien S. trifoliorum, A. roseus I, Gliocladium sp., T. viride ja T. roseum todettim menestyv\u00e4n pH- rajoissa 4\u20149.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71628", "words": "3326", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; Bj\u00f6rkenheim, L. M.; Leivonen, H.", "title": "Studies on the main chemical composition of bones", "date": "1965", "keywords": "bone; cow; cows; fat; femur; protein; table", "summary": "As the number of cows in the referred investigation was rather small, and as we have not found any papers on the same subject, we decided to analyse a somewhat greater number of cow femurs, especially for the purpose of establishing whether there really is a lack of the above mentioned correlation. The composition of cow femurs as volume percentages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71629", "words": "2001", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "Some features in the Finnish climate affecting cereal harvesting", "date": "1965", "keywords": "ear; humidity; sprouting; weather", "summary": "Relative humidity of the air In Fig. In addition, the distribution of-relative humidity by calendar month is shown in Table 1 for some localities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71630", "words": "5312", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "The fate of water-soluble phosphate applied to some mineral soils", "date": "1965", "keywords": "application; fluoride; form; fraction; phosphate; phosphorus; samples; soil", "summary": "Distribution of the applied P in various fractions in soil samples incubated for three months P P c , tj Per cent of recovered P extracted bySample ppm pH ppm applied recovered NH,CI NH,F NaOH H 2SO, 1. Distribution of the applied P in various fractions in soil samples without incubation Per cent Per cent of recovered P extracted by P ppm of P Sample applied retained NH 4 CI NH 4F NaOH H 2SO, 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71631", "words": "5309", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Fixation of potassium in Finnish soils", "date": "1965", "keywords": "cent; clay; content; fixation; potassium; samples; soils; surface", "summary": "About one half of the samples from the surface layer are clay soils, while about two thirds of the subsoil samples contain more than 30 per cent of the fractions finer than 2/u. Total linear correlation coefficients between the amounts of potassium fixed and some soil characteristics Surface Subsoils AU Clay Finesand, soils soils loam and silt soils Number of samples 135 130 265 154 111 r between K fixed and pH 0.16 o.36*** o.36*** o.37*** o.43*** Org.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71632", "words": "3559", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; M\u00e4kinen, Terttu", "title": "On the content of cell-wall constituents in various plant materials", "date": "1965", "keywords": "cell; composition; crude; hemicellulose; plant; stage; wall", "summary": "Crude fibre is regarded as containing only a part of the cell-wall substances, and the composition of this part has been found by many investigators to vary in different plants materials (e.g. 2,6). Furthermore, there were large differences in the solubility of the cell-wall substances of different plant materials in the hydrolysing procedures used in determinations of membrane substances and crude fibre.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71633", "words": "5167", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "The composition of pasture grasses at the university farm Viik", "date": "1965", "keywords": "carbohydrates; cocksfoot; content; crude; fructosan; grass; grasses; meadow; pasture; samples; sugar; water", "summary": "There are some conflicting results, but in general the order of the grasses arranged according t\u00f6 sugar content is as follows: meadow fescue highest, meadow grass intermediate, and cocksfoot lowest. On the other hand, many cultivated ley and pasture grasses con- tain in addition to sugars fructosan, which, like sucrose, is water soluble and hydrolysable by weak acids or invertase (19).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71634", "words": "6590", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Marttila, Ulla", "title": "Exchangeable cations in Finnish soils", "date": "1965", "keywords": "cations; clay; layers; litorina; samples; sand; soils; surface; values", "summary": "The means with their confidence limits at 95 per cent level were the following: Cultivated soils Virgin soils All mineral soils surface layer me/100 g me/100 Thus the material consists of 45 samples of clay soils, 26 samples of loam and silt soils, and 11 samples of sand and fine sand soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71635", "words": "5689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Apparent recovery of fertilizer nitrogen", "date": "1965", "keywords": "cent; crops; experiments; fertilizer; fertilizer nitrogen; nitrate; nitrogen; recovery; soil", "summary": "It is likely that residual effect of nitrogen fertilizers plays its role in the irregular recovery of fertilizer nitrogen by the cereals and in the decrease of the level of the recovery in the third year. The relatively scanty information in the textbooks about the recovery of fertilizer nitrogen by crops is surprisingly conflicting.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71636", "words": "5162", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Some phosphorus test values and fractions of inorganic phosphorus in soils", "date": "1965", "keywords": "acid; acid test; clay soils; fraction; phosphorus; sand; soils; test; test values; variation", "summary": "Some criteria for evaluating soil phosphorus tests for lowland rice soils. Coefficients of determination, r 2, and multiple determination, R 2, for the relation between the test values (1), and the fractions of inorganic P extracted by NH,F (2), by NaOH (3), by NH 4 CI (4), and by HS2 04 (5) Sand and Loam and Test Coefficient finesand silt soils Clay soils All samples soils Bray 1 r 2 i2 0.80 0.94 0.49 0.75 R2 i,23 0.83 0.95 0.54 0.76 R2 i, 234 0.83 0.95 0,70 0.78 R2 i, 2345 0.83 0.95 0.70 0.78 Olsen r 2 i2 0.61 0.81 0.35 0.55 R 2 i,23 0.73 0.92 0.65 0.73 R2 i ,234 0.75 0.93 0.76 0.78 R 2 t, 2345 0.75 0.94 0.76 0.78 Acetate r2 i2 0.46 0.56 0.25 0.38 R 2 i,23 0.62 0.56 0.35 0.41 R 2 i,234 0.67 0,89 0.65 0.75 R 2i, 2345 0.68 0.90 0.69 0.77 Acetic acid r 2 i2 0.39 0.004 0.03 0.01 R 2 i,23 0.52 0.08 0.08 0.01 R 2i,234 0.56 0.18 0.13 0.07 R 2 i,2345 0,62 0.57 0.34 0.44 and 83 per cent of the variation by the variation in this fraction and the fraction of alkali-soluble P. In the loam and silt soils these parts are even higher, 94 per cent and 95 per cent, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71637", "words": "3891", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "On the breakdown of sugars during the drying of plant samples and their subsequent dry storage", "date": "1965", "keywords": "drying; hours; losses; oven; samples; sugar; temperature; vacuum", "summary": "Thus it seems possible that drying even at a temperature as low as 40\u00b0 may cause sugar losses in some materials. A drying temperature exceeding 40\u00b0 caused sugar losses at least in some of the plant materials.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71638", "words": "5673", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Fixation of potassium by soil samples under various conditions", "date": "1965", "keywords": "clay; fixation; potassium; samples; soil", "summary": "The amount of this mainly \u00bbmoderately available\u00bb form of soil potassium appears to be low in the samples of a coarser texture, except in the soil To 1 which is known to be rich in micaceous minerals. The dependence of the fixation of potassium on the lime and potassium status of the soil was studied using soil samples incubated in the laboratory with applica- tions of lime and potassium.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71639", "words": "4681", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Juusela, Taneli", "title": "Pelto-ojituksen nimist\u00f6n kehittyminen vv. 1745-1962", "date": "1965", "keywords": "avo; eli; esim; ett\u00e4; hallakorpi; joka; kaitera; kuin; kun; kuten; k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; laskuoja; lis\u00e4ksi; luvun; maan; mainitaan; mukaan; my\u00f6s; niiden; niin; nimityst\u00e4; niskaojan; oja; ojaa; ojat; ojia; ojien; ojiksi; ojilla; ojituksen; ojitus; oli; ovat; peltojen; poikki; salaojituksessa; sanan; sek\u00e4; sen; siis; tahi; tai; vain; valtaoja; vedet; vesi; veto; viem\u00e4ri; vuonna", "summary": "Soiden \u00bbwalda-ojat\u00bb kehoitettiin kaivamaan 2 kyyn\u00e4r\u00e4n (120 cm) syvyisiksi ja levyisiksi ja \u00bbsyrj\u00e4ojat\u00bb 1 x/2 kyyn\u00e4r\u00e4n (90 cm) syvyisiksi. Avo-ojituksesta siin\u00e4 sanotaan, ett\u00e4 \u00bbojien tulee muodostaa riitt\u00e4v\u00e4n tehokas ja tarkoituksenmukainen j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00bb ja edel- leen: \u00bbavo-ojituksessa tarvitaan tavallisesti viem\u00e4ri.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71640", "words": "4049", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Ravantti, Saija", "title": "Er\u00e4iden Suomen julkisten nurmikoiden perustamis- ja hoitotavoista", "date": "1965", "keywords": "cities; communes; eri; ett\u00e4; ilmoitti; kauppalat; kaupungit; kuin; kuitenkin; k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t; lawns; maalaiskunnat; maataloudelliset; mixtures; muut; my\u00f6s; nurmikkojen; nurmikon; oli; olivat; oppilaitokset; ovat; puutarha; schools; sek\u00e4; seoksissa; taas; tai; tiedustelun; vain; vastaajista", "summary": "Monissa tapauksissa nykyiset nurmik- kojen hoitajat eiv\u00e4t ole niit\u00e4 perustaneet ja t\u00e4ll\u00f6in tiedot perustamistavoista puut- tuvat. Muita hienoja hein\u00e4- lajeja oli k\u00e4ytetty vain kuivien ja kosteiden paikkojen erikoisseoksiin, joten niiden osuus oli pieni (7 \u201410 %).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71641", "words": "1024", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Paavo A. Viding", "date": "1965", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; hyv\u00e4ksi; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; koko; mutta; oli; olivat; ovat; paavo; sen; siirtyi; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; viding", "summary": "H\u00e4nen ty\u00f6ns\u00e4 koko valtakunnan aineellisen kehityksen hyv\u00e4ksi oli eritt\u00e4in monipuolista ja tuloksellista ja sit\u00e4 kannusti l\u00e4mmin is\u00e4nmaan rakkaus. 1899 ja h\u00e4nen ty\u00f6ns\u00e4 kohdistui aluksi nimenomaankotimaakunnan hyv\u00e4ksi, mutta laajeni sittemmin k\u00e4sitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n koko maan, jopa ulottui sen rajojenkin yli.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71642", "words": "3299", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "Onni Pohjakallio", "date": "1965", "keywords": "acta; agric; aikak; antila; apilan; auf; den; der; die; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; ibid; kauran; maatal; oli; plant; pohjakallio; referat; salonen; selostus; tiet; und; vaikutuksesta; von; \u00fcber", "summary": "1961 & Salonen, A. & Antila, S. Kev\u00e4tviljan kehityksest\u00e4 Helsingin Yliopiston Viikin (60\u00b0 10' N) ja Muddusniemen (69\u00b0 5' N) koetiloilla suoritetuissa kentt\u00e4kokeissa. Kasvi- kudoksen energian puutteesta ja kasvikudoksen n\u00e4lk\u00e4kuolemasta Pohjakallio jul- kaisi useampia tutkimuksia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71643", "words": "5409", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Effect of liming on the mobilization of soil phosphorus", "date": "1965", "keywords": "acid; incubation; lime; liming; phosphorus; samples; soil", "summary": "Soil phosphorus fractions in some representative soils. The traditional explanations that liming makes soil phosphorus more available either by intensifying the mineralization of organic phosphorus or by rendering difficultly soluble inorganic forms more easily soluble have not yet been proved by experi- mental evidence under the field conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71644", "words": "2736", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Orko, Ari; Ker\u00e4nen, A. J. A.; Tikka, Jyry", "title": "Piiloit\u00e4vyyteen liittyv\u00e4n entsyymitoiminnan vaikutuksista ohran laatuominaisuuksiin", "date": "1965", "keywords": "activity; aikana; aktiivisuuden; aktiivisuus; barley; entsyymien; germination; huonolaatuisen; hyv\u00e4laatuisen; id\u00e4tyksen; j\u00e4lkeen; kuin; kuva; ohran; ohraseoksen; oli; quality; vrk", "summary": "Hyv\u00e4laatuisen id\u00e4tt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4n ohran proteolyyttinen aktiivisuus oli vajaa puolet huonolaatuisen ohraseoksen aktiivisuudesta, ja id\u00e4tyksen aikana molempien ohran\u00e4ytteiden aktiivisuus lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyi jokseenkin samalla nopeudella. ja it\u00e4miskapasiteetti 97 %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71645", "words": "4009", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kuusi, Taina", "title": "The most important quality criteria of some homegrown black-currant varieties I. Ascorbic acid", "date": "1965", "keywords": "acid; ascorbic; black; br\u00f6dtorp; north; results; values; varieties; wellington; years", "summary": "The degree of north latitude of the locality also seems to exert some effect, probably mainly because a latitude further north means a lowering of the temperature, and consequent retardation of the ripening, which again causes higher ascorbic acid values. Total ascorbic acid Corrected ascorbic acid 1962 1963 1964 Average 1962 1963 1964 Average I. Ascorbic acid mg/100 g fresh weight.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71646", "words": "7799", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kuusi, Taina", "title": "The most important quality criteria of some homegrown black-currant varieties II. Dry matter, pectin, acid content, colour and formol value", "date": "1965", "keywords": "acid; average; black; content; currant; degree; matter; method; pectin; values; varieties; years", "summary": "For the variety Noir de Bourgogne, grown in France, Gouny & Vangheesdaele (10) report dry matter values, arrived at by the same method as here; they found the maximum value (19.6 %) at picking time; subsequently the value diminishes slightly (19.3 % after a week). Acid content averages and standard devia- tions of black-currant varieties, and correspond- ing total ascorbic acid values.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71647", "words": "3206", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; Vainio, K. A.", "title": "Determination of the complex of cell wall substances in plant products", "date": "1965", "keywords": "acid; cell; ethanol; materials; method; residue; substances; wall; water", "summary": "% of total ash % of total cr.protein in in in in in in ethanol water ethanol water extracts extract residue extracts extract residue Oat shoots 48.8 26.4 24.8 41.8 2.6 55.6 Timothy, leaf stage 59.7 17.4 22.9 21.0 2.5 76.5 Lucern grass 62.7 17.0 20.3 36.3 2.3 61.5 Red clover, blooming 61.7 14.7 23.6 26.3 2.3 71.4 Red clover leaves 51.5 22.8 25.6 14.3 2.0 83.7 Red clover heads 49.4 21.6 29.1 36.1 2.4 61.4 Sugar beet tops 69.6 11.7 18.7 33.5 1.6 64.9 Chicken weed 54.7 25.6 19.8 31.9 1.5 66.6 Carex gracilis 55.6 15.1 29.3 20.2 1.2 78.6 Swedes, peeled 70.2 15.3 14.5 69.6 2.4 28.0 Potatoes, peeled 82.8 11.4 5.8 50.2 1.4 48.4 Sugar beet pulp 12.7 14.7 72.5 16.3 3.5 80.2 Brewers'grains 13.8 14.7 71.5 12.5 1.5 86.0 Wheat bran 24.2 22.2 53.6 19.4 3.1 77.424.2 in the final residue. It was proved (7, p. 9) that in materials containing a high percentage of cell wall substances mere boiling with water gives about the same results as the boiling with 0.05 N acid.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71648", "words": "4477", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Voipio, Irma", "title": "Hiilidioksidilannoitus ja sen merkitys taimikasvatuksessa", "date": "1966", "keywords": "-pitoisuuden; -pitoisuudessa; -pitoisuus; :ssa; aikana; air; c02; content; eri; ett\u00e4; greenhouse; hiilidioksidilannoitusta; huoneessa; ilman; ilman c02; kasvihuoneen; kuin; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila; oli; olivat; plants; propaanin; sek\u00e4; suoritettiin; taimet; taimien; tainta", "summary": "Nyt selostettujen taimikasvatus- kokeiden valossa n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 kuitenkin silt\u00e4, ett\u00e4 y\u00f6ll\u00e4 vallitseva korkea C02 -pitoisuus saattaa vaikuttaa haitallisesti kasvien kehittymiseen ja sit\u00e4 paitsi \u00f6iseen aikaan kasvien hengitys ja kasvualustan C02 -tuotto saattavat yhteisesti kohottaa kasvi- huoneilman hiilidioksidipitoisuuden nyky\u00e4\u00e4n soveliaana pidettyyn m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n, 0.1 0.2 %:iin. Ilman C02 -pitoisuus kahdessa neilikkahuoneessa 7. 8. 1963.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71649", "words": "4049", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Voipio, Irma", "title": "Ker\u00e4salaatin varastointi", "date": "1966", "keywords": "days; ennen; ett\u00e4; great; hertta\u00e4ss\u00e4; j\u00e4lkeen; kuin; kunnostetun; lakes; lettuce; muoviin; oli; olivat; paino; painosta; salaatin; sek\u00e4; storage; taulukko; varastoinnin; vedell\u00e4; viikon; weight", "summary": "Salaatin l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila oli ennen j\u00e4\u00e4hdytyst\u00e4 24\u00b0 ja j\u00e4\u00e4hdytyksen j\u00e4lkeen 10\u00b0. Vihanneksien, marjojen ja omenien lajittelu- ja pakkausohjeet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71650", "words": "9923", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Valmari, Arvi; Valmari, Irja", "title": "On the frost resistance of red clover with special attention to seed production", "date": "1966", "keywords": "ability; brown; clover; development; effect; fig; frost; germination; heads; injury; seed; seed weight; temperature; viii; weight", "summary": "Well- ripened seeds tolerate frost quite well as a rule, also seeds of clover (according to the present investigation those borne in dark-brown heads). The estimate can therefore be made that in the region of which Pelso is representative, fields in cultivation for clover seed will rarely be subjected in autumn to frost of greater severity than in the present test, perhaps so rarely indeed that a risk of that magnitude would be taken without hesitation in actual farming.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71651", "words": "4968", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Fixed ammonium in some Finnish soils", "date": "1966", "keywords": "ammonium; cent; clay; content; kjeldahl; nitrogen; samples; soils", "summary": "Soil samples. In this relatively hete- rogeneous material consisting of 44 samples from the surface layer down to 20 cm and 86 samples from the deeper layers, the pH values ranged from 3.3 to 7.5, the contents of clay from 0 to 96 per cent, organic C from 0.03 to 6.6 per cent, and Kjeldahl-N from 0.13 to 4.53 mg/g. In the 46 finesand, loam and silt soil samples, the content of nonexchangeable NH 4-N was, on the average, 90 +3O ppm ranging from oto 190 ppm.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71652", "words": "1569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Roine, K.; Varvikko, T.; Lappalainen, L.; \u00d6string, K.", "title": "The effect of mineral supplements on resorption in the digestive tract of cattle, with special reference to Bolus alba", "date": "1966", "keywords": "alba; bolus; group; phosphorus; values", "summary": "Brune (1, 2,3) has proved in experiments with rats and sheep that Bolus alba does not exert a negative influ- ence on the resorption of fat-soluble vitamins. 62 Discussion The purpose of the present investigation was to find out whether the adsorb- ating qualities of Bolus alba might influence the resorption of phosphorus and carotenes in an unfavourable way.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71653", "words": "7039", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Wickholm, Rita", "title": "Luettelo Suomessa ilmestyvist\u00e4 juoksevista aikakauslehdist\u00e4 ja sarjoista maatalouden, el\u00e4inl\u00e4\u00e4kinn\u00e4n, mets\u00e4talouden, mets\u00e4styksen, kalastuksen ja kotitalouden aloilta", "date": "1966", "keywords": "edelt; ep\u00e4s\u00e4\u00e4nn; finland; f\u00f6r; helsingfors; helsinki; journal; julkaisuja; kantakirja; katso; kertomus; keskusliitto; maanviljelysseura; och; report; research; suomen; svenska; tiedonantoja; valtion; vuosikirja", "summary": "Suomen ratsastajainliitto Finlands ryttarf\u00f6rbund, Pastori Jussi- laisentie 4 A 12, Helsinki. Suomen kennelliitto Finska kennelklubben Bulevardi 14, Helsinki.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71654", "words": "2134", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki", "title": "Pistokkaiden juurrutusajan ja juuriston pituuden vaikutus krysanteemin kehitykseen", "date": "1966", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; juuriston; juurtuneissa; kuin; length; lis\u00e4kasvu; oli; pistokkaiden; pituus; propagation; taimet; taulukko; vaikutus; verson; viikon; vuorokautta", "summary": "Yhteenveto Pistokkaiden juurrutusajan ja juuriston pituuden vaikutusta tutkittiin ko- keessa, joka oli suunniteltu t\u00e4ydent\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n aikaisemmin suoritettuja krysanteemin juurrutus- ja taimikasvatuskokeita (6). Uusimmat viljelyoppaat (2, 7 ja 9) pit\u00e4v\u00e4t pistokkaiden kasvu- kunnon kannalta t\u00e4rke\u00e4n\u00e4 lis\u00e4ksi sit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 pistokkaat juurrutuksen aikana s\u00e4ilyt- t\u00e4v\u00e4t kasvuvoimansa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71655", "words": "2869", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Soininen, Arvo M.", "title": "Suomen maataloushistorian p\u00e4\u00e4linjat", "date": "1966", "keywords": "eri; ett\u00e4; historia; karjatalouden; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; luvulla; luvun; maanviljelyn; maatalouden; maatalous; maatilatalouden; merkitys; mutta; my\u00f6s; niin; n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; ole; oli; ollut; perinn\u00e4isen; sen; suomen; suomessa; taloudellisen; t\u00e4m\u00e4; vaan; vain; viel\u00e4", "summary": "ja 1870 v\u00e4lisin\u00e4 nelj\u00e4n\u00e4 vuosikymmenen\u00e4. Sen sijaan jo 1700-luvun l\u00e4hteist\u00e4 ilmenee, ett\u00e4 peltoviljely It\u00e4-Suomessa oli siirtynyt kolmi- vuoroviljelyn kannalle, ja ett\u00e4 t\u00e4m\u00e4 menetelm\u00e4 oli levi\u00e4m\u00e4ss\u00e4 l\u00e4ntt\u00e4 kohti.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71656", "words": "4976", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Osara, Kirsti", "title": "Raparperin hy\u00f6t\u00f6 ja varastointi", "date": "1966", "keywords": "aikana; ett\u00e4; forcing; hy\u00f6t\u00f6; kasveista; kasvien; kasvit; kpl; kuin; kun; lepokauden; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilassa; mutta; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; pime\u00e4ss\u00e4; plants; raparperin; rhubarb; ruodit; ruotien; sadon; sato; sek\u00e4; sen; soil; stalks; table; taulukko; viikon; yield; yli", "summary": "first second weight length class classplants stalks g No. of g cm yield yield stalks g C. Hy\u00f6t\u00f6 pime\u00e4ss\u00e4 Forcing in darkness 8 35 990 D. Hy\u00f6t\u00f6 valossa 22 680 28 28 21 12 Forcing in light 8 32 680 20 490 20 26 19 4 4 114 Aluksi kaikki kasvit (C ja D) hy\u00f6dettiin pime\u00e4ss\u00e4 (taulukko 2). Er\u00e4iden tietojen mukaan my\u00f6s jaksoittaisella p\u00e4iv\u00e4-(12.8\u201414.4\u00b0 C) ja y\u00f6-(7.8\u00b0 C) l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilojen vaihtelulla on saavutettu hyvi\u00e4 hy\u00f6t\u00f6tuloksia (1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71657", "words": "2504", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "N\u00e4k\u00f6kohtia tilastotieteellisten tutkimusmenetelmien k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 maatalousekonomiassa", "date": "1966", "keywords": "avulla; esimerkiksi; ett\u00e4; jos; koko; kuitenkin; kun; mutta; muuttujien; my\u00f6s; niiden; ole; olla; ovat; sen; siis; sit\u00e4; tai; tekij\u00f6iden; tunnusluvut; vaikka; vain; voidaan", "summary": "Tutkimuksen kohteen ollessa esimerkiksi koko maan tai jonkin alueen kirjanpitotilat, tunnusluvut (useim- miten keskiarvot) saadaan lasketuksi koko aineistosta, ja silloin niiss\u00e4 periaatteessa ei ole satunnaisvirheit\u00e4. Lopuksi esitet\u00e4\u00e4n muutamia n\u00e4k\u00f6kohtia hypoteesien testaamisesta ja kiinnitet\u00e4\u00e4n huomiota ennen muuta siihen, ett\u00e4 vaikka tilastolliset testit osoittavatkin todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyyslakien mukaisia eroja, kyseisten erojen k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6llinen merkitys j\u00e4\u00e4 tutkijan subjektiivisen harkinnan varaan.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71658", "words": "3000", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Sipil\u00e4, Martti", "title": "Die Entwicklung der Rationalisierung der Landwirtschaft in den letzten 15 Jahren in Finnland", "date": "1966", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; betriebe; das; dem; den; der; des; die; ein; entwicklung; f\u00fcr; ist; jahre; landwirtschaft; mit; sich; sind; und; von; zahl", "summary": "Die Mechanisierung der Landwirtschaft ist einer der wesentlichsten Z\u00fcge der Entwicklung der letzten Jahrzehnte. 138 Die Jahre von 1950 bis heute haben, wenigstens in keinem nennenswerten Umfang, eine Steigerung in der Produktivit\u00e4t der Landwirtschaft und offensichtlich auch keine Besserung des wirtschaftlichen Ergebnisses herbeigef\u00fchrt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71659", "words": "3179", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Raininko, Ky\u00f6sti", "title": "My\u00f6h\u00e4isen typpilannoituksen vaikutus kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4n satoon ja leivinominaisuuksiin", "date": "1966", "keywords": "1964; aikaan; grain; jauhon; koe; mcpa; number; oli; oraille; quality; sadon; sitkon; typpilannoituksen; vaikutus; vehn\u00e4n; vuoden; vuosina", "summary": "ja koetoim. Nora ja 10.9.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71660", "words": "4258", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kuusi, Taina", "title": "The most important quality criteria of some home-grown black-currant varieties III. Aroma number, organoleptic evaluation, and degree of ripeness", "date": "1966", "keywords": "aroma; averages; berries; black; degree; points; ripeness; samples; varieties", "summary": "Aroma number, organoleptic evaluation, and degree of ripeness Taina Kuusi The State Institute for Technical Research, Laboratory for Food Research and Technology, Otaniemi Received May 30, 1966 Averages of aroma number assays of black-currant varieties in 1962 1964, and the general averages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71661", "words": "7085", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kuusi, Taina; Siiri\u00e4, Alpo; Kuusi, Terttu", "title": "The most important quality criteria of some home-grown black-currant varieties IV. Gas-chromatographic analysis of aroma", "date": "1966", "keywords": "aroma; berries; black; boiling; comparison; compounds; effect; ethanol; fig; gas; peaks; samples; water", "summary": "As a result separate reports are given on these two groups of aroma compounds. The aim here was that of applying a method for the isolation of aroma compounds such that the secondary changes were as small as possible.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71662", "words": "1019", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Hypp\u00f6l\u00e4, Kalervo", "title": "Interrelationship of zinc and magnesium in cattle", "date": "1966", "keywords": "cattle; cows; magnesium; zinc", "summary": "Total material Cows given niineni] suit with Mg Itching Monitening Difference I telling Nnnitehing Difference cows cows cows cows Number of cows 348 277:1 88 446 Latest estrus in time and the first insemination resulted in pregnancy 43.4 \u00b12.7 % 57.\u00bb Visible symptoms of zinc deficiency are general exhaustion, hairlessness, itch, hair licking and digestive disturbances.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71663", "words": "5628", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Thomas, Edgar", "title": "Agriculture in an industrial framework", "date": "1966", "keywords": "agriculture; britain; farmers; farming; farms; growth; industry; labour; production", "summary": "In general, the finished products of farming are tending more and more to be the outcome of the shared activities of many farmers who divide the long production cycle between them. But with in- flation, escalating land values and mounting working investment many farms may well reach the stage which will bring them within the purview of public company finance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71664", "words": "2812", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Nikkil\u00e4, Olavi E.; Siiri\u00e4, Alpo; Laine, Jorma J.", "title": "Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs VI. The effect of silver ions on microbes, in particular on the flora of fresh fish", "date": "1966", "keywords": "concentrations; experiments; fig; ice; ions; silver; water", "summary": "As regards the use of water containing silver ions in cleaning pipelines in food manufacture, the experiments gave positive results, although the natural mixed culture again appeared more resistant than the tested pure cultures to the microbicidic action of silver ion. Within the range 20 to 100 mA used there was found to be a linear relationship between current intensity and silver ion concentration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71665", "words": "3267", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Niinivaara, Fritz P.; Sihvola, Ritva-Liisa; Laine, Jorma J.", "title": "Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland I. Bacterial spoilage and amino acid composition of fresh rainbow trout during refrigerated storage", "date": "1966", "keywords": "amino; days; fish; ice; storage; trout; vacuum", "summary": "Organoleptic evaluation was made with raw fish and after it had been cooked in fysiological NaCl-solution for 10 minutes at 90\u00b0 C. The evaluation panel consisted of four tasters who gave scores as follows: Appearance (scores from 0 to 4) Structure ( \u00bb \u00bb0 to 4) Color ( \u00bb \u00bb0 to 4) Odor ( \u00bb \u00bb0 to 2) Flavor ( \u00bb \u00bb0 to 6) maximum score 20 Besides these scoring numbers, faults were also noted verbally. The development of micro-organ- isms during the storage of fresh fish is accompanied by decomposition of the muscle carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids; and because of variations in composition of the muscle of different species and the complex nature of the bacterial populations in- volved, no consistent degradative pattern can be expected (8).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71666", "words": "2841", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Uksila, Erkki; Kurkela, Rakel", "title": "The effect of heating in food processing on the nutritional value of some common food fats", "date": "1966", "keywords": "acid; butter; diet; faeces; fats; lard; oil", "summary": "The physiological harmfullness of heated fats has been manifested in experimental animals as growth retaidation (10), intestinal disorders (1, 2,3, 4,6), and as symptoms of avitaminosis- A and -E (1, 9). Carcinogenic activity of heated fats is reported by some research workers (8, 11).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71667", "words": "1012", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Lehtinen, Artturi", "title": "K. T. Jutila", "date": "1967", "keywords": "aikana; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; itsen\u00e4isyyden; jutila; kuin; maatalouden; maatalous; oli; sek\u00e4; suomen", "summary": "ja mets\u00e4talousoloista ja asutuspolitiikasta. H\u00e4n oli vaatimaton, kaikille erotuksetta yst\u00e4v\u00e4llinen ja s\u00e4ilytti vaikeuksissakin optimistisen uskon, ett\u00e4 kaikki lopulta k\u00e4\u00e4n- tyy parhain p\u00e4in.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71668", "words": "3908", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Effect of liming on the fate of applied superphosphate phosphorus in some mineral soils", "date": "1967", "keywords": "clay; liming; loam; phosphorus; samples; soil; soil phosphorus; superphosphate", "summary": "Soil phosphorus forms and their availability to plants. Inorganic soil phosphorus fractions of some Ontario soils as studied using isotopic exchange and solubility criteria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71669", "words": "2929", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Suhonen, Irma", "title": "Kukkakaalin varastoinnista", "date": "1967", "keywords": "aikana; appearance; arvostelu; cauliflower; days; days days; ett\u00e4; haihtumistappio; heads; j\u00e4lkeen; kukinnot; kukintojen; kukkakaalin; lehdet; oli; olivat; storage; varastoinnin; varastointiviikon; viikkoa; vrk", "summary": "Kontrollier\u00e4ss\u00e4 oli haihtumistappio ensimm\u00e4isen varastointiviikon aikana 4.2 %, toisen viikon aikana 2.6 %, kolmannen viikon aikana 2.8 % ja nelj\u00e4nnen viikon aikana 1.1% . Tulokset Vuonna 1963 kukkakaalia varastoitiin 4:n, 6:n ja 10:n viikon pituiset jaksot.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71670", "words": "1747", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Laine, Jorma J.; \u00d6string, Kerttu; Niinivaara, Fritz P.", "title": "Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland II. The effect of different food on the growth of rainbow trout", "date": "1967", "keywords": "fish; food; group; trout; water; weight", "summary": "Fat % Ash % pH Whole fish (June 22) 77.7 15.6 2.9 2.4 Group I (Sept. 15) whole fish 73.1 16.3 7.4 1.9 6.25 gutted fish 73.9 16.9 4.1 3.1 6.30 Group II (Sept. 15) whole fish 70.4 16.7 7.2 3.7 6.40 gutted fish 75.1 16.8 3.4 3.3 6.28 Group 111 (Sept. 15) whole fish 73.2 16.8 6.3 2.6 6.22 gutted fish 76.1 15.8 4.5 2.5 6.20 The greatest differences between the test groups were in feed conversion and weight (Table 1). This country posseses good natural possibilities for fish cultivation, and rainbow trout has already been commercially cultivated.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71671", "words": "4010", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Lasola, Tapani", "title": "On the prospects of farmers on so-called cold settlement farms in 1963", "date": "1967", "keywords": "central; farmers; farms; finland; north; south finland; var", "summary": "fertilizers in 1963 in 1963 1959 63 fert.u./ha. 1959-63 South Finland +variants 9.50 14.14* 2363 122 \u00bb \u2014variants 9.08 15.62* 1683 79 Central Finland +variants 8.35 48.00 1698 73 \u00bb \u2014variants 8.23 50.41 1310 70 North Finland -\u2022 variants 7.69 134.67 1946 171 \u00bb \u2014variants 7.18 138.34 1660 169 \ufffd Some farms have in addition a share in the common forest. The tabulation shows that the average arable area is the largest in South Finland, about one hectare larger than on the study farms of Central Finland, and about 2 hectares larger than on those of North Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71672", "words": "2633", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Kotilainen, Kaija", "title": "Approximate determination of the cell-wall complex of vegetables by enzymatic digestion", "date": "1967", "keywords": "hemicellulose; protein; residue; solution; trypsin; vegetables; wall", "summary": "Since a protein correction was not desired in the procedure, it was decided to investigate which extraction method would be most successful in dissolving as much protein as possible and only a little of the hemicellulose, and further, whether the amounts of dissolved hemicellulose and protein remaining in the residue were approximately equal in magnitude. Determination of the complex of cell wall substances in plant products.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71673", "words": "5739", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Potassium status in different particle size fractions of some Finnish soils", "date": "1967", "keywords": "clay fraction; fixation; fraction; potassium; samples; sand; silt; silt fraction", "summary": "Yet, thisrelationship is, obviously, not connected only with the texture of the soil, since there are clay soil samples (e.g. Le 1 c and Sa 1 c) 48 in which the potassium contents of the clay and silt fractions are equal, and silt soils (e.g. To 1 a and c) with a higher content of potassium in the clay fraction than in the other ones. In the 30 samples of clay and silt fractions and the 28 samples of fine sand the average potassium content (with the confidence limits at the 95 per cent level) and the corresponding minimum and maximum values are the following: Mean Range <", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71674", "words": "3114", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Jaakkola, Antti", "title": "Der Einfluss von Chlorcholinchlorid (CCC) auf Wachstum, Ertrag und N\u00e4hrstoffaufnahme von Sommerweizen in einem Feldversuch", "date": "1967", "keywords": "als; auf; ccc; das; den; der; des; die; mit; stickstoffd\u00fcngung; und; von; wurde", "summary": "Die Steigerung der Stickstoffd\u00fcngung verz\u00f6gerte das Reifen jedoch weniger als es von der CCC-Spritzung beschleunigt wurde. Die ertragvermindernde Wirkung des CCC be- ruhte nur auf der Verkleinerung der Korngr\u00f6sse, die Kornzahl der Fl\u00e4cheneinheit wurde nicht ver\u00e4ndert.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71675", "words": "4585", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Elonen, Paavo; Nieminen, Lasse; Kara, Osmo", "title": "Sprinkler irrigation on clay soils in southern Finland I. Sprinkler irrigation, its technique and effect on soil moisture", "date": "1967", "keywords": "capacity; depth; irrigation; irrigation water; moisture; soil; sprinklers; water", "summary": "Attention must also be paid to the quality of irrigation water. This fairly high amount of irrigation water moistened the top soil to the field capacity and considerably increased the readings of the gypsum blocks also at the depth of 35 cm.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71676", "words": "4165", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Elonen, Paavo; Nieminen, Lasse; Kara, Osmo", "title": "Sprinkler irrigation on clay soils in southern Finland II. Effect on the grain yield of spring yereals", "date": "1967", "keywords": "effect; fertilizer; irrigation; placement; wheat; yield", "summary": "The authors consider, however, that the main reason was a different one: When the clay loam was drying, a fairly compact layer on the boundary between plough layer and subsoil hardened, and the plant roots were not able to penetrate this layer before it was moistened by irrigation water. In the dry growing seasons 1964, 1965 and 1966, irrigation experiments of spring cereals were carried out on clay soils in Southern Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71677", "words": "3891", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Elonen, Paavo; Nieminen, Lasse; Kara, Osmo", "title": "Sprinkler irrigation on clay soils in southern Finland III. Effect on the quality of grain yield", "date": "1967", "keywords": "effect; fertilizers; grain; irrigation; protein; ripening; wheat; yield", "summary": "According to the present results the ripening and quality of grain yield are highly dependent on the date of irrigation. There is a distinct period, before which irrigation will speed up ripening and improve the quality of grains and after which, on the contrary, ripening is retarded and the quality of grain yield impaired by irrigation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71678", "words": "2713", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Suhonen, Irma", "title": "Ruusukaalin s\u00e4ilytys ja sen C-vitamiinipitoisuus", "date": "1967", "keywords": ":ssa; acid; days; ett\u00e4; j\u00e4lkeen; msat; oli; ruusukaalin; silmujen; silmut; sprouts; storage; vrk", "summary": "ja kuiva ainepitoisuus (%) v. 1964 66. Silmujen askorbiinihappopitoisuus aleni s\u00e4ilytysajan pidetess\u00e4 ja sit\u00e4 nopeam- min, mit\u00e4 alhaisempi oli s\u00e4ilytysl\u00e4mp\u00f6tila.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71679", "words": "5947", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Release of nonexchangeable potassium from Finnish mineral soils", "date": "1967", "keywords": "acid; cent; clay; clay soils; content; nonexchangeable; potassium; samples; sand; silt; soils", "summary": "Discussion The \u00bbmore readily available nonexchangeable potassium\u00bb represents a rather indefinite fraction of soil potassium. On the other hand, depletion of available soil potassium by crops may decrease the level of potassium so much that diffusion of nonechangeable potassium to solution will be- come dominant.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71680", "words": "3547", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Ruokola, Anna-Liisa; Salonen, Arvi", "title": "On nematode-destroying fungi in Finland", "date": "1967", "keywords": "agar; conidia; conidiophores; drechsler; fig; fungi; fungus; mycelium; mycol; nematode", "summary": "Olthof and Estey (1963 a) recognized that of four of predacious fungi only D. gephyropaga gave signi- ficant control of rootknot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.). Predacious fungi from rotten wood.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71681", "words": "2645", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Laine, Jorma J.; Varesmaa, Elina; Niinivaara, Fritz P.", "title": "Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland III. Seasonal variations in rainbow trout", "date": "1967", "keywords": "fig; fish; samples; total; water", "summary": "Samples from the dorsal side are considered as gutted fish and those of ventral side as whole fish. I, whole fish X X I, gutted fish \u25a1 \u25a1 11, whole fish \u25a1 \u25a1 11, gutted fish A A 111, whole fish A A 111, gutted fish O O IV, whole fish O O IV, gutted fish 135 136 Fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71682", "words": "2047", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kivi, E. I.; Barkman, J. T. H.", "title": "The recovery of mitotic disturbances in the root systems of gamma-ray irradiated peas", "date": "1967", "keywords": "cells; days; disturbances; frequency; growth; material; mitoses; root", "summary": "This trend reached its maximum during the 3rd and sth days (Table 1, Fig. 2). The numbers of individuals and divisions investigated on different days are seen in Table 1. Results.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71683", "words": "3652", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Aura, Erkki", "title": "Effect of the placement of fertilizer on the development of spring wheat", "date": "1967", "keywords": "depth; dressing; fertilizer; nitrogen; placement; soil; surface", "summary": "Distribution of nutrients in the experimental soil The data in Table 2 show that a great deal of fertilizer nitrogen was found on the 19th of June in the layer of o\u2014s0\u20145 cm in the plot 91 which received surface dressing. A great deal of fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium remained near the surface of the soil receiving surface dressing, and plants were not able to take up nutrients from the dry surface layer.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71684", "words": "5327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Kossila, Vappu; Hintikka, Onerva", "title": "Effect of age and stage of lactation on the simple and partial correlations between the yield and the percentages of fat and protein of cow\u2019s milk", "date": "1967", "keywords": "calvers; content; cows; fat; lactation; milk; milk yield; percentage; protein; table", "summary": "It may be possible that since the first-calvers continue to grow during their first period of lactation, the amino-acids circulating in their blood are intensively taken up by growing body tissues and this process may compete with the synthesis of milk protein in the mammary gland. The correlations between these two milk constituents vary greatly in individual cows (Kliesch et al. 1959) and are affected by age (Piel 1953, Marckmann & Witt 1956) and breed (Gaines & Over- man 1938) of the cows, the season of the year (Kiermeier & Renner 1961, Peltola et ai. 1963), the season of calving and the level of milk yield (Marckmann & Witt 1956), the stage of lactation (Peltola et ai. 1963) as well as by genetic factors (Bonnier & Hansson 1946, Hansson & Bonnier 1949).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71685", "words": "8367", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne; Kotilainen, Kaija", "title": "On the water-solubility of plant minerals", "date": "1967", "keywords": "acid; ash; ash content; calcium; compounds; content; fraction; grains; phosphorus; plants; solubility; stage; total; water", "summary": "Calcium sulphate is common in the sap of the cell (water solubility 0.2 %) whereas gypsum crystals are seldom encountered (Baumeister 1958, p. 517). Even such a difficultly soluble Ca- compound as CaS0 4 (water solubility 0.2 %) occurs in plants in water-soluble form with the exception of a few rare cases.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71686", "words": "3884", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Aarne", "title": "The influence of season on yield increase and lactation yield in the Ayrshire herd of Viik experimental farm", "date": "1967", "keywords": "autumn; autumn calving; calving; calving cows; cows; lactation; production; season; yield", "summary": "Already in the 1920\u2019s the lactation yields of autumn calving cows in Finland, accord- ing to Bruun (1928, p. 35), were generally higher than those of spring calving cows. Several authors have observed that autumn calving cows are more persistent than cows calving during other seasons (Bruun 1928, p. 35, Auriol 1955, p. 195.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71687", "words": "4099", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Luostarinen, Heikki", "title": "Vaaramoreenin lannoitus- ja kalkituskokeen tuloksia", "date": "1967", "keywords": "group; kalkituksen; koej\u00e4senryhm\u00e4; liming; npk; table; taulukko; treatment; vaikutus; years", "summary": "N = 15 kg/ha N kalkkisalpietarina, P = 21.9 kg/ha P super- fosfaattina ja K Rikkakasveista nurmilauhan osuus on pienentynyt kalkituksen ja monipuolisen lannoituksen seurauksena.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71688", "words": "3476", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Forsander, Olof A.; Lampila, Martti; Westerling, Bengt", "title": "The utilization of ethanol by dairy cows", "date": "1967", "keywords": "blood; cows; day; ethanol; experiment; milk; solution; water", "summary": "ethanol consumed; 9 0 blood ethanol; \u25a1 \u25a1 milk ethanol. ethanol consumed; O O blood ethanol; \u25a1 \u25a1 milk ethanol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71689", "words": "4311", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki", "title": "Er\u00e4iden puuvartisten koristekasvien talvehtimisesta Viikiss\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4ss\u00e4, Kauhajoella ja Rovaniemell\u00e4", "date": "1967", "keywords": "aikana; eri; ett\u00e4; jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4ss\u00e4; kasvi; kauhajoella; kpl; kuin; maxim; my\u00f6s; oli; overwintering; plants; rovaniemell\u00e4; spiraea; taimien; talven; taulukko; viikiss\u00e4", "summary": "Kolmannen talven aikana kasveja tuhoutui selv\u00e4sti v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n kuin aikai- sempina talvina, Viikiss\u00e4 ja Kauhajoella yhdest\u00e4 lajikkeesta ja Rovaniemell\u00e4 kah- desta. Niinp\u00e4 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4ss\u00e4 ja Kauhajoella suojaisen istutuspaikan ansiosta paleltu- misia tapahtui v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n kuin etel\u00e4isimm\u00e4ll\u00e4 koepaikalla Viikiss\u00e4, jossa koekentt\u00e4 oli avoin ja tuulinen (taulukot 3\u20145 ja 7).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71690", "words": "3951", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Honkanen, Maire", "title": "Kotitalouden perusk\u00e4sitteist\u00e4 ja terminologiasta", "date": "1967", "keywords": "der; dubberke; economics; edell\u00e4; egner; eri; esim; ett\u00e4; haushalt; helsinki; home; hy\u00f6dykkeiden; kotitalouden; kotitaloudessa; kotitalous; kuitenkin; mukaan; my\u00f6s; niiden; ole; ovat; puitteissa; saurio; sek\u00e4; sen; sijaan; suomen; tai; tarpeiden; toiminnan; varsin; voidaan; vrt; vuoksi; yleens\u00e4", "summary": "Suomen Akatemian Kielitoimis- tossa professori Sadeniemen kanssa k\u00e4ydyn keskustelun perusteella \u2019kodinpito\u2019 voitaisiin ajatella yhteisk\u00e4sitteeksi kotitalouden tuottavaan toimintaan liittyville henkisille ja fyysisille ponnistuksille ja lis\u00e4ksi viel\u00e4 kodin piiriss\u00e4 tapahtuville, per- heenj\u00e4senten keskin\u00e4isten suhteiden hoitamiseen liittyville toiminnoille. \u2019 yleens\u00e4 taloudellisessa toiminnassa, ovat yht\u00e4l\u00e4iset my\u00f6s kotitaloudessa siit\u00e4kin huolimatta, ett\u00e4 liikeyritysten ja kotitalouden p\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t tietyiss\u00e4 kohdin eroavat toisistaan.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71691", "words": "6168", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Honkanen, Maire", "title": "The relationship between household consumption expenditure and various factors", "date": "1967", "keywords": "consumer; consumption; earners; expenditure; expenditure class; farmers; food; household; number; units; wage; xl4; xll", "summary": "Summary The purpose of this study has been to elucidate the relationship between various factors and household consumption expenditure. The most elastic, in relation to the income, were the dwelling expenditure variable for the rural wage earners, and the furniture and household supplies expenditure variable for the farmers and the wage earners.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71692", "words": "1034", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Viitanen, Kai; Rissanen, Sirkka", "title": "Suomen Maataloustieteellinen seura r.y.: S\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6t", "date": "1967", "keywords": "hallituksen; hallitus; julkaisujen; kaksi; kokous; kutsua; puheenjohtaja; p\u00e4\u00e4tet\u00e4\u00e4n; sek\u00e4; seuran; tai; tulee; voidaan", "summary": "Yhdistyksen nimi on Suomen Maataloustieteellinen Seura r.y., ruotsiksi k\u00e4\u00e4nnettyn\u00e4 Lantbruksvetenskapliga Samfundet i Finland r.f., ja sen kotipaikka on Helsingin kaupunki. P\u00f6yt\u00e4kirjat on vuosittain pidet- t\u00e4v\u00e4 numeroj\u00e4rjestyksess\u00e4 ja hallituksen toimesta s\u00e4ilytett\u00e4v\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71693", "words": "6064", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Ryti, Ritva", "title": "Calcium, magnesium and potassium in clay, silt and fine sand fractions of some Finnish soils", "date": "1968", "keywords": "calcium; clay; clay fraction; fraction; magnesium; potassium; sand; silt", "summary": "The total linear correlation coefficients between the respective con- tents of these nutrients in the clay and silt fractions on the one hand, and in the silt and fine sand fractions on the other hand, are the following: 6 between Ca Mg K clay and silt fractions o.B4*** o,B6*** o.79*** o.7o*** 0.66*\u00bb* 0.40*silt and fine sand fractions The variation in the calcium content does not seem to depend on the variation in the magnesium content: only in the clay fraction a low positive correlation with r = 0.52** may be found. The samples were not dried before the acid was added, and it was found by weighing that the ammonium acetate solution left in the samples diluted the acid from 1.0 N to 0.8 N in the samples of clay fraction, and to 0.9 in the other samples, and correspondingly decreased the ratio of extraction, 1 to 10.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71694", "words": "1730", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Linko, Yu-Yen; Linko, Pekka", "title": "Relationship of the moisture content of Finnish wheat flour and relative humidity", "date": "1968", "keywords": "content; flour; humidity; moisture", "summary": "The variation of flour moisture content and net weight during warehouse storage for one year. The variation of flour moisture content and net weight during storage at variable relative humidities for two months.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71695", "words": "2233", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Antila, Pirkko; Varesmaa, Elina; Niinivaara, F. P.", "title": "\u00dcber die jahreszeitlichen Variationen im N\u00e4hrstoffgehalt der Leber", "date": "1968", "keywords": "als; den; der; die; mit; proben; rinderleber; schweineleber; und; vitamin; von; war; wurde", "summary": "Der Thiamingehalt der Rinderleber variierte in den untersuchten Proben von 0.21\u20140.39 mg und der der Schweineleber zwischen 0.28 und 0.36 mg/100 g. Keine jahreszeitlichen Variationen konnten jedoch festgestellt werden, Abb. 2. Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71696", "words": "3707", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Honkanen, Maire", "title": "Maanviljelij\u00e4- ja palkansaajaruokakuntien ravintomenojen riippuvuus er\u00e4ist\u00e4 tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4", "date": "1968", "keywords": "consumer; eri; expenditure; food; industrialisation; lasten; log; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; number; teollistumisaste; time; units", "summary": "My\u00f6s lasten lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n ja er\u00e4iden menoryhmien kesken voidaan todeta tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 riippuvuussuhteita (lasten lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n ja ky-m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n v\u00e4linen korre- laatio on palkansaajaruokakunnissa 0,67 ja viljelij\u00e4ruokakunnissa 0,70). Perheenem\u00e4nn\u00e4n kokop\u00e4iv\u00e4ansioty\u00f6 on aiheuttanut viljelij\u00e4ruokakunnissa v\u00e4hennyst\u00e4 sellaisten raaka-aineiden kuin jauhojen ja suurimoiden k\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4 (b = 5.08), mutta sen sijaan lis\u00e4yst\u00e4 valmiina ostetun ruoka- ja kahvileiv\u00e4n (viljelij\u00e4- perheiss\u00e4 b = 2.36, ja palkansaajaperheiss\u00e4 b = 1.59), lihan (ei merkitsev\u00e4 korre- laatio)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71697", "words": "3409", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Salmi, Marja", "title": "Determination of starch by the amyloglucosidase method", "date": "1968", "keywords": "amyloglucosidase; determination; hours; hydrolysis; materials; method; starch; sugars", "summary": "In Figure 1 examples of the purity of starch hydrolysates are shown. Results from starch preparations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71698", "words": "1664", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Sihvola, Ritva-Liisa; Laine, Jorma J.; Niinivaara, Fritz P.", "title": "Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland VI. Free amino acid composition of refrigerated and frozen rainbow trout", "date": "1968", "keywords": "acid; amino; trout", "summary": "The purpose of this work was to follow the changes of free amino acids in rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland during storage in ice at -f- 4 \u2022\u2022 + 6\u00b0C and at 18\u00b0C. Samples for the determination of free amino acids were prepared as follows: The fish were homogenized in a blender.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71699", "words": "2176", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "M\u00e4kitie, Osmo", "title": "Aluminium, extractable from soil samples by the acid ammonium acetate soil-testing method", "date": "1968", "keywords": "acetate; acid; aluminium; ammonium; soil; solution", "summary": "Several other acetic acid ammonium acetate ex- tractants, from M acetic acid to M ammonium acetate solution were also used for stu- dying the extractability of soil aluminium. Aluminium is the most important soil acidity component in acid soils where the content ofsoluble aluminiumis also considerably high.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71700", "words": "3426", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Vainio, K. A.", "title": "Determination of starch by iodine colorimetry", "date": "1968", "keywords": "boiling; colour; iodine; method; solution; starch; water", "summary": "Brautlecht, 1953, p. 372) reported that the addition of iodine to starch solutions yields a blue coloration. c a 1 sensitiveness wheat starch was weighed and solution AI (cf. of starch solutions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71701", "words": "3399", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki", "title": "Pitk\u00e4aaltoisen uv-valon sek\u00e4 kasvuns\u00e4\u00e4teiden vaikutus krysanteemin kasvuun", "date": "1968", "keywords": "aikana; cycocel; cycocelin; ett\u00e4; growth; ilman; kasveissa; kasvien; kokeessa; kuin; light; oli; period; phosfon; phosfonin; pituuskasvua; plant; vaikutus; valon", "summary": "Pyritt\u00e4ess\u00e4 selitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n miten Cycocel ja Phosfon rajoittavat pituuskasvua eri tavalla kes\u00e4ll\u00e4 ja talvella, kiinnittyy huomio ensiksi valo- Tiivistelm\u00e4 Suoritetuissa kokeissa tutkittiin ultraviolettis\u00e4teilyn (n. 3650 \u00c4) sek\u00e4 Cycocelin ja Phos- fonin vaikutusta krysanteemin pituuskasvuun.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71702", "words": "2397", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Suhonen, Irma", "title": "Kuorihumus kasvualustana: Alustavia kokeita", "date": "1968", "keywords": "bark; growth; humus; kuorihumuksen; kuorihumus; mukaan; oli; peat; peruslannoituksena; sek\u00e4; soil; table; taulukko; tomaatin", "summary": "Tomaatin sato/ruutu (kg) ja I laatuluokan osuus (%). Alustojen kaliumluku oli 250\u2014470 mg/1, ja muutokset analyysiluvuissa olivat samanlaiset.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71703", "words": "3023", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Blomqvist, H. H.; Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "Preliminary tests on winter cereal varieties of resistance to low temperature parasitic fungi in controlled conditions", "date": "1968", "keywords": "fungi; nivale; plants; temperature; varieties; wheat; winter", "summary": "F. nivale, which was more pathogenic to winter rye than to winter wheat varieties (cf. A number of writers have, \u25a0on the basis of field trials, shown differences in the resistance of winter cereal varieties to these parasitic fungi (Ekstrand 1947, 1955, Bruehl et al. 1964, Jamalainen 1964).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71704", "words": "4962", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Suomela, Samuli", "title": "On the concept of productivity", "date": "1968", "keywords": "factors; fodder; input; output; prices; production; productivity; products; units; use", "summary": "It may often be pertinent especially in business economics to use in addition to labour productivity total productivity. Nou and Nilsson (1955) distinguish on the basis of the technical or economic nature of productivity between technical productivity, economic productivity and technical- economic productivity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71705", "words": "1729", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Varo, Mikko", "title": "On the progeny-testing of boars in \u00bbfield conditions\u00bb", "date": "1968", "keywords": "coefficients; fat; field; heritability; progeny; testing; variation; varo; weight", "summary": "Er\u00e4\u00e4t kirjoittajan (Varo 1962 ja Varo ja Partanen 1965) Aineiston keskiarvot ja hajonnat sek\u00e4 rotujen ja sukupuolten keskiarvot on esitetty taulukossa 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71706", "words": "3899", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kyti, Merimaija; Tuomainen, Lauri; Antila, Matti", "title": "Die Zusammensetzung des Finnischen H\u00fchnereies", "date": "1968", "keywords": "aus; betrieb; das; den; der; des; die; eier; eigelb; eigelbes; eiweisses; f\u00fcr; g mg; gehalt; nach; tabelle; und; von; wurde", "summary": "So ist z.B. der Anteil der Schale in der vorliegenden Arbeit im Durchschnitt 11 %, in der Literatur Dagegen ist der Anteil des Eiweisses in den grossen Eiern des Betriebes C etwas kleiner und der Anteil des Eigelbes verh\u00e4ltnism\u00e4ssig etwas gr\u00f6sser, wie aus Ta- belle 9 hervogeht.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71707", "words": "1984", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ettala, Elsi", "title": "Ruohojauhon vaikutus teurassikojen ruokinnassa", "date": "1968", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; fodder; grass; ground; groups; kasvu; kuin; oli; pigs; ruohojauhoa; slaughter; taulukko", "summary": "g ja vertailuryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4 716 g sek\u00e4 rehunkulutus vastaavasti 3.8 ry ja 3.7 ry. Partial regression analysis of the simultane- ous effects of % ground grass and total fodder units on the daily gain gave regression coefficients of 5.767 and 1.116 respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71708", "words": "3770", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Ryti, Ritva", "title": "Effect of application of lime and fertilizers on cultivated peat soil", "date": "1968", "keywords": "content; effect; liming; nitrogen; phosphorus; plots; potassium; samples; soil; trial", "summary": "Soil samples and analytical methods The samples were collected from the plough layer, 0 to 18 cm. Fractionation of soil phosphorus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71709", "words": "880", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Salonen, Arvi; Ruokola, Anna-Liisa", "title": "On nematode-destroying fungi in Finland. II", "date": "1968", "keywords": "conidia; nematoctonus; robustus", "summary": "nov. Trans. Brit. On the other hand, the characteristics of the isolated strains corresponded in many respects with the facts given by Jones (1964) regarding N. robustus, although the hyphae, as is common in the .Nematoctonus-fungi, were thin and arachnoid.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71710", "words": "1266", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Oksanen, Erkki H.", "title": "Test and demonstration carriage for tractor-powered implements", "date": "1968", "keywords": "electric; gear; motor; pto; tractor", "summary": "The PTO speeds of the test and demonstration carriage for tractor-powered implements on different gear combinations. The PTO-speeds on different gear combinations are 30\u2014550 RPM (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71711", "words": "6589", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Zeller, Otti", "title": "Entwicklungsrhythmen von Obstgew\u00e4chsen in Finnland II. Bl\u00fctenentwicklung einiger Kultursorten von Ribes nigrum L. und von R. alpinum L. in verschiedenen geographischen Breiten Finnlands", "date": "1968", "keywords": "abb; abbildung; als; auch; auf; aus; bei; bis; bl\u00fctendifferenzierung; bl\u00fctenknospen; br\u00f6dtorp; das; dem; den; der; des; die; durch; e.st; eine; entwicklungsstadien; f\u00fcr; helsinki; ist; knospen; maaninka; man; mit; musta; noch; ribes; rovaniemi; schwarzen; sehr; sich; und; vom; von; wie; winter", "summary": "Bei den Kultursorten der Gattung Ribes k\u00f6nnen n\u00e4mlich alle Infloreszenz-Typen, von der wenigbl\u00fctigen Traube bis zur Scheinrispe, auftreten, auch mehrere einzelne Bl\u00fcten- trauben in der Knospe sind m\u00f6glich (Lenz 1960, Hughes 1963). sich der apokarpe Narbenabschnitt, der bei der Schwarzen Johannisbeersorte Br\u00f6dtorp, im Gegensatz zu anderen Ribes-Arten mit ausgepr\u00e4gter 2-teiliger Narbe, anf\u00e4nglich deut- lich 5-teilig ist.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71712", "words": "2520", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Luhtala, Antti; Antila, Matti", "title": "Die Lipaseaktivit\u00e4t der Finnischen Milch", "date": "1968", "keywords": "als; auf; bei; dass; der; des; die; ist; k\u00fche; lipaseaktivit\u00e4t; maidon; milch; tabelle; und; verschiedenen; von; wurden", "summary": "Der Unterschied in der Lipaseaktivit\u00e4t der Milch der gleichen K\u00fche im Normalzustand und bei Krankheit oder sonstigen St\u00f6rungen. Die Resultate, welche die Ver\u00e4nderungen in der Lipaseaktivit\u00e4t der Milch bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Aufbewahrungszei- ten zeigen, sind in Tabelle 6 ersichtlich.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71713", "words": "4682", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Honkala, Kauko", "title": "Yhteistoiminta maanviljelij\u00f6iden v\u00e4lill\u00e4", "date": "1968", "keywords": "age; area; cent; cooperation; cooperativeness; distribution; exchange; farmers; jakautuma; joka; koneiden; mukaan; mutta; offarmers; oli; ovat; peltoala; prosenttinen; siis; table; tai; taulukko; tiloilla; tilojen; total; vaihto; viljelij\u00f6iden; v\u00e4lill\u00e4; yht; yhteistoiminnallisuuden; yhteistoiminnan", "summary": "Verrattaessa kolmea yhteistoiminnan muotoa kesken\u00e4\u00e4n j\u00e4\u00e4 vaikutelmaksi se, ett\u00e4 koneiden yhteisomistus esiintyy useamman samankokoisten tilojen, ja ty\u00f6nvaihto ja konei- den vaihto lukuisammin erikokoisten tilojen v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Yleisimm\u00e4t yhdistelm\u00e4t ovat is\u00e4 ja poika, veljekset kesken\u00e4\u00e4n ja veli ja lanko.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71714", "words": "2338", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Laine, Jorma J.", "title": "Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland V. Heat penetration in canned trout products during processing", "date": "1968", "keywords": "heat; minutes; penetration; products; rotation; trout", "summary": "RAINBOW TROUT [SALMO IRIDEUS) PRODUCED IN FINLAND V. Heat penetration in canned trout products during processing Jorma J. Laine University ofHelsinki, Institute ofMeat In solid products rotation had no practical effect on the heating time.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71715", "words": "3947", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Leponiemi, Arvi", "title": "The dependency of the prices of farm estates on arable land and forest land areas in Finland in the years 1961, 1962 and 1966", "date": "1968", "keywords": "area; estates; farm; forest; land; l\u00e4\u00e4ni; price; sales", "summary": "Relatively the grea- test price increase has taken place in farm estates with s\u2014lo5\u201410 hectares, and thereafter in sequence farm estates with 20\u201450 hectares, more than 50 hectares, 2\u20145 hectares and 10\u201420 hectares. It is parti- cularly endeavored to clarify the dependency of the sales price of farm estates on the agricultural land and forest land areas by means of regression analysis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71716", "words": "3512", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Salonen, Martti", "title": "Apatite as a phosphorus fertilizer", "date": "1968", "keywords": "apatite; liming; oats; peat; phosphorus; pine; pot; pots; soil; test", "summary": "Treatments and numbers of test pots: phosphorus fertilization 0 Treatments and numbers of test pots: phosphorus fertilization 0", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71717", "words": "7358", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kyti, Merimaija; Tuomainen, Lauri", "title": "Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Haltbarkeit von Eiern", "date": "1968", "keywords": "als; aminos\u00e4uren; auch; auf; aus; bei; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; eier; eigelb; eine; eiweiss; festgestellt; freien; gelagert; ge\u00f6lt; ist; k\u00fchlschrank; lagerung; monate; nach; sich; sind; tabelle; und; ver\u00e4nderungen; von; werden; zimmertemperatur; zunahme; zwei", "summary": "Zum Beispiel variierte die Jodzahl der Triglyzeride in den frischen Eiern von 72.8\u201486.5 und in allen Lagerungsgruppen von 71.1\u201474.0, die der Mono- und Di- Tabelle 7. Die Ver\u00e4nderungen in den unge\u00f6lten, vier Monate im K\u00fchlschrank aufbewahrten Eiern sind in jeder Betriebsgruppe kleiner als bei den ent- sprechend zwei Monatebei Zimmertemperatur gelagerten Eiern.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71718", "words": "3966", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Paloheimo, L.; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa; Vainio, K. A.", "title": "Studies on the faeces", "date": "1968", "keywords": "ash; cow; ethanol; faeces; sieve", "summary": "It is seen from the figures in Table 4 that the percentage of ethanol extract in faeces of herbivorous animals, swine, rat, and hen varies from about 12 to 23. Ethanol extract of faeces, and some other items.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71719", "words": "578", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Huokuna, Erkki", "title": "August J\u00e4ntti", "date": "1969", "keywords": "h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; j\u00e4ntin; j\u00e4ntti; oli; suomen", "summary": "J\u00e4ntin el\u00e4m\u00e4nty\u00f6n t\u00e4rkeimmiksi saavutuksiksi muodostuivat lyhytik\u00e4isen laidun- nurmen viljelymenetelmien kehitt\u00e4minen, maatilatalouden yleisten peruskorjausten esitt\u00e4- minen sek\u00e4 viimeksi voimaper\u00e4isten laidun- ja s\u00e4il\u00f6rehunurmien viljelyyn ja hyv\u00e4ksik\u00e4yt- t\u00f6\u00f6n liittyv\u00e4t tutkimukset. Nyt osaamme arvostaa h\u00e4nen el\u00e4m\u00e4nty\u00f6t\u00e4\u00e4n ja tun- nemme kaipausta hyv\u00e4n yst\u00e4v\u00e4n l\u00e4hdetty\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71720", "words": "4309", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "Influence of clover content of mixed ley on magnesium and potassium in red clover and timothy", "date": "1969", "keywords": "clover; clover content; content; ley; magnesium; potassium; soil", "summary": "According to the simple correlation coefficients in the 2nd year and older leys, the effect of the clover content on the magnesium and potassium contents and on the ratios of cations in clover was not significant, whereas the influence of the soil properties was more marked. Ley Number Clover Ca Mg K K Ca Ca +Mg of !ey mg/g mg/g mg/g Mt; Mg K + Na samples %", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71721", "words": "5474", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki", "title": "Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden vaikutus pavun taimien kasvuun I. Vaikutuksen riippuvuus k\u00e4sittelytavasta ja y\u00f6l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilasta", "date": "1969", "keywords": "cycocel; dmso; drench; growth; j\u00e4lkeen; kastelu; keskim; kuin; lehtiasteella; lehtien; mean; mutta; oli; phosfon; ruiskutus; spray; ssa; temperature; vaikutus; varhaislehtiasteen; vrk", "summary": "Taulukossa 6 esitet\u00e4\u00e4n koko kasvin ja lehtien tuorepainot ja taulukossa 7 vastaavasti kuivapainot. Cycocelin ja B-ninen vaikutus oli v\u00e4h\u00e4isempi ja riippui k\u00e4sittelytavasta ja l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilasta (vrt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71722", "words": "4606", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki", "title": "Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden vaikutus pavun taimien kasvuun II. Vaikutuksen riippuvuus y\u00f6l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilasta ja kasvualustasta", "date": "1969", "keywords": "1960; cycocel; ett\u00e4; growth; hiekassa; kuin; k\u00e4siteltyjen; lehtien; merkitsev\u00e4sti; mullassa; mutta; oli; phosfon; sen; sijaan; ssa; taimien; turpeessa; vaikutus", "summary": "Cycocel ja Phosfon rajoittavat krysanteemin pituuskasvua eniten hiekassa. a, bj c 0 13mg aj bj Cj a, b, c t 15 \u00bb aj bj c, a, b 0 c, 14 \u00bb Tulosten tarkastelu Suoritetuissa kokeissa B-nine, Cycocel ja Phosfon rajoittivat pavun taimien pituuskas- vua kaikissa k\u00e4sittelyiss\u00e4, mutta m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4llisesti kasvua rajoittava vaikutus riippui alustan laadusta ja y\u00f6l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilasta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71723", "words": "4165", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Suhonen, Irma", "title": "Ker\u00e4salaatin kaasuvarastointi", "date": "1969", "keywords": "aikana; c02; ett\u00e4; gas; great; hertta\u00e4ss\u00e4; iin; ilman; jonka; kaasuvarastossa; koe; kokeessa; kokonaistappio; kuin; kun; kylm\u00e4varastossa; lakes; lettuce; oli; pitoisuuden; pitoisuus; salaatin; storage; tai; varastoinnin", "summary": "Kaappien ilman happipitoisuutta ei tutkimusten aikana mitattu, mutta kirjallisuustietojen perusteella sen laskettiin olevan liki- m\u00e4\u00e4rin 21 C02 % (Kuprianoff 1960). v. 1968 todettiin C02 %:n kasvussa tauko, kun C02-pitoisuus oli noussut 5 %:iin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71724", "words": "3404", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Uusisalmi, Unto", "title": "Vorl\u00e4ufige Ergebnisse \u00fcber das messen der Schlachteigenschaften beim Schwein", "date": "1969", "keywords": "als; auf; bei; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; durch; eine; fett; fiir; fleisch; haut; ist; man; mit; nach; schlachtkorperbewertung; sind; tabelle; teil; und; untersuchung; von; worden", "summary": "Die Gesamtvariation jeder gemessenen Eigenschaft oder jedes gemessenen Zuges wird nach der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate analysiert. Die w\u00e4hlende Regressionsanalyse vermag durch 9 Schritte nur 28 % von der Gesamt- varianz der Muskelfl\u00e4che zu erkl\u00e4ren.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71725", "words": "3322", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4, Mikko; Lakanen, Esko", "title": "Trace element contents of plants as a function of readily soluble soil trace elements", "date": "1969", "keywords": "acetate; acid; ammonium; correlations; elements; groups; material; mineral; plants; soils; takanen; trace", "summary": "Comparisons of soluble major nutrients ofsoils with those absorbed by plants have supported the use of this method in evaluating the availability of major nutrients in acid soils (Ker\u00e4nen, Barkoff and Jokinen 1963, Takanen 1963). In general, the availability of soil Mn is largely dependent on soil pH. In acid soils, like the soils in this study, the available amounts of Mn generally far exceed the require- ments of plants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71726", "words": "1620", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Varesmaa, Elina", "title": "Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland VI. Prolongation of the keeping quality rainbow trout by antioxidants", "date": "1969", "keywords": "bha; fish; rainbow; tba; trout", "summary": "Chemical preservatives have also often proved effective in protecting fresh fish from turning rancid. Studies on preventing oxidation of fish oils and fish products.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71727", "words": "4013", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Raimo; M\u00e4kitie, Osmo", "title": "Studies on the effect of clay and organic matter contents on the determination of cation exchange properties in clay soils by the ammonium acetate and methylene-blue methods", "date": "1969", "keywords": "cec; clay; content; exchange; method; soil; values", "summary": "1 The studies have been continued in the present work, where results of both methods are compared in a soil sample material of clay soils, particularly with respect to the effect of the mineral and humus content in soil on the values of the total cation exchange capacity and on the mutual ratios between the exchangeable metallic cations. Detailed data of sample material grouped on the basis of decreasing clay content are presented in Table 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71728", "words": "3159", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Residual effect of rock phosphate and superphosphate", "date": "1969", "keywords": "phosphate; phosphorus; plots; rock; soil; superphosphate; trial; yield", "summary": "No phosphate Rock phosphate Superphosphate In trial K 104 the increase in the phosphorus yield by rock phosphate appears to be only about 60 per cent of that by superphosphate. In these trials, however, from the third to the sixth test crops, repeated application of equal amounts of phosphorus either as rock phosphate or as superphosphate gave the same response in the dry matter yields, but, at least in the red clover-timothy ley of 1959, the phosphorus content of the hay from the rock phosphate plots was distinctly lower than that from the superphosphate plots, mainly because of the poor uptake ofapatite phosphorus by grasses (Kaila and H\u00e4nninen 1960).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71729", "words": "4654", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "K\u00e4h\u00e4ri, Jorma; Elonen, Paavo", "title": "Effect of placement of fertilizer and sprinkler irrigation on the development of spring cereals on the basis of root investigations", "date": "1969", "keywords": "aerial; depth; fertilizer; june; parts; placement; root; root system; system", "summary": "Placement offertilizer and irrigation are ways by which the growth of root systems can be increased. Root samples were taken at four dates, in total 56 samples June Ist, about one week after sprouting, 8 samples from trial 1, June 20th, about four weeks after sprouting, 8 samples from trial 1 and 8 samples from trial 2, July 10th, immediately after ear emergence, 16 samples from trial 2, August 21st, at harvest stage, 16 samples from trial 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71730", "words": "6159", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Ryyn\u00e4nen, Viljo", "title": "Lammastalouden kannattavuudesta Helsingin yliopiston Malminkartanon tilalla", "date": "1969", "keywords": "arvioitu; average; ett\u00e4; ewe; ewes; hinta; honkasuon; husbandry; jalostusarvo; karitsain; karkean; kohti; kuin; kun; kuukauden; lambs; lammastalouden; lampaiden; laskettu; mukaan; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; noin; number; oli; ollut; ovat; price; rehujen; rehun; return; roughage; sek\u00e4; sheep; table; taulukko; total; uuhien; uuhta; vuosina; yhteens\u00e4", "summary": "Kun lampaiden laiduntaminen on tapahtunut voimaper\u00e4isesti viljellyll\u00e4 peltolaitu- mella, on voitu kiinnitt\u00e4\u00e4 huomiota my\u00f6s laidunrehun tuottamisen tekniikkaan ja laidun- ten sadon talteen ottamiseen. Vuosina 1963 ja 1964, jolloin ensikertaa karitsoi- neiden osuus katraasta oli suhteellisesti suurin, syntyneiden luku oli huomattavasti pienempi kuin vuosina 1965\u201467, jolloin uuhien keski-ik\u00e4 oli lis\u00e4\u00e4ntynyt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71731", "words": "3236", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Ruohom\u00e4ki, Hilkka; Varo, Mikko", "title": "Evaluation of beef characteristics of Ayrshire bulls based on progeny groups", "date": "1969", "keywords": "area; carcass; meat; parts; percentage; sire; total; weight", "summary": "First class meat in the carcass 19.24 +-f- 15.84 + Meat in the carcass 13.10 + 5.23 Bones \u00bb \u00bb \u00bb 20.08 ++ 10.04 HIND QUARTER 15.10 + 31.57 + + + Meat 13.11 + 9.42 Bones 18.79 ++ 9.80 Fat 17.48 + 18.98 + + Meat quantity \u00b0 u of total meat quantity 16.62 + FORE QUARTER 13.85 + 31.59 + + + Meat 13.64 + 3.14 Bones 11.99 + 1.42 Meat quantity % of total meat quantity 16.63 + ROUND WITH HIND SHANK 17.24 + 4.12 Meat 14.72 + 13.37 + Bones 26.04 ++ 15.81 + Fat 18.43 + + 18.56 + + Meat quantity % of total meat quantity 20.27 + + BACK 12.00 + 10.97 Meat 17.27 + SIDE 1.63 9.62 Bones 17.38 + 24.40 + + SHOULDER 11.94 + 9.85 Meat 13.91 + Bones 10.01 12.65 + Meat quantity % of total meat quantity 14.20 + NECK 17.44 + 6.90 Meat 22.35 ++ 2.95 Meat quantity % of total meat quantity 15.80 -f- HIND SHANK 33.41 + + + 7.82 Meat 16.34 + 16.36 + Bones 30.34 + + + 14.60 + FORE SHIN 19.25 ++ 9.48 Bones 19.48 ++ 7.97 2) Significance of between-sire difference. The dressing out percentages are small compared to similar values in foreign studies, which is due to the fact that they were based on the weight of the cold carcass, and that carcass weight does not include inner organs or fats.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71732", "words": "4214", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Effect of heavy store dressing with rock phosphate on a fine sand soil", "date": "1969", "keywords": "content; dressing; phosphate; phosphorus; rock; rock phosphate; soil; superphosphate", "summary": "The differences between the various rates of rock phosphate treatments were not statistically significant, though there was some tend- ency to higher results with larger amounts of rock phosphate. The apparent recovery of rock phosphate phosphorus by the ley crops, calculated as the difference of the amounts harvested from the treated and untreated plots, were in the three years the following, expressed as P kg/ha: 1961 1962 1963 Rock phosphate 4000 kg/ha 2.6 2.8 2.7 \u00bb \u00bb 8000 \u00bb 3.7 3.9 3.7 \u00bb \u00bb 12000 \u00bb 4.2 4.9 4.6", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71733", "words": "2822", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Laakkonen, Eini; Wellington, G. H.; Sherbon, J. W.", "title": "Tenderness of beef as affected by the age of animal", "date": "1969", "keywords": "heating; meat; muscles; tenderness; water; young", "summary": "Comparison of weight losses (%) between muscle samples heated to 60 C at 0.1 C/min and held 4 hr and control samples heated to 80 C at 0.8 C/min and held 1 hr. This kind of information is necessary for improvements in both industrial and home use of meat, especially in countries where old dairy cow meat is commonly used.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71734", "words": "2197", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kossila, Vappu", "title": "On the development of the thyroid weight in the dairy herd of the Viik experimental farm", "date": "1969", "keywords": "cows; group; months; thyroid; weight", "summary": "The difference in thyroid weight between group I and group II was highly significant in young cattle (P < 0.001) (see Table 1), the difference was not significant in growing cows, but it was again significant in full-grown cows (P < 0.001) as well as in all cows (P \u00ab< 0.005). Furthermore, the values in Table 1 show that the thyroid weight has decreased more in full-grown than in growing cows.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71735", "words": "2717", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kossila, Vappu; Heliander, Kaarina", "title": "Simple and partial correlations between the epithelial tissue content of the thyroid, the body weight, age, and level of milk yield in Ayrshire cows", "date": "1969", "keywords": "body; cows; group; milk; thyroid; weight", "summary": "Results in Table 1 show that the body size was postitively correlated with theEg, and that the coefficients of the simple and partial correla- tions in question were more significant between the corrected body weight and the Eg (ri2a etc-) than between the live weight and the Eg (rl2 etc.), and also more significant in groups I -j- II (especially in growing cows) than in group 11. 2a \u20140.2612 0.05* \u20140.2103 \u20140.2384 0.005** \u20140.0535 \u20140.0710 \u20140.0657 1-14.3 \u20140.2051 \u20140.1702 \u20140.1637 \u20140.0381 \u20140.0870 0.0040 r1 4 .22 \u20140.2202 \u20140.1503 \u20140.1889 0.05* \u20140.0495 \u20140.0023 \u20140.0177 i-i4.2as \u20140.2600 0.05* \u20140.2052 \u20140.2378 0.005** \u20140.0691 \u20140.0747 \u20140.0657 157 were significant a) in growing cows when the corrected body weight was one of the inde- pendent variables held constant (r14 .2\u201e), andb) in all cows when the live weight (r14. 2) or the corrected body weight (r14.2 0) was one of the independent variables held constant (Table 1 A).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71736", "words": "2006", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Varesmaa, Elina; Laine, Jorma J.; Niinivaara, F. P.", "title": "Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) produced in Finland VII. Changes in the organoleptic quality and fetty acid composition during frozen storage", "date": "1969", "keywords": "fish; storage; trout", "summary": "It is therefore probable that changes in the proteins during frozen storage are more significant than in the lipids causing a rapid lowering in the quality of frozen rainbow trout. The fatty acid analyses gave comparable results in all instances and probably changes in the proteins during frozen storage are more significant than changes in the lipids and are mostly responsible for the lowering in quality of frozen rainbow trout.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71737", "words": "5098", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki", "title": "Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden vaikutus pavun taimien kasvuun III. Vaikutuksen riippuvuus l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilasta", "date": "1969", "keywords": "cycocel; day; growth; kasvuns\u00e4\u00e4teill\u00e4; kokeissa; kuin; k\u00e4siteltyjen; lehtien; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tiloissa; night; oli; paino; phosfon; p\u00e4iv\u00e4l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila; rel; retardants; ssa; taimien; temperature; vaikutus; verrannekasvien", "summary": "Kaikki kasvuns\u00e4\u00e4teet pienensiv\u00e4t lehtipinta-alaa merkitsev\u00e4sti 24\u00b0 C:ssa, lis\u00e4ksi Cycocel 21\u00b0 C:ssa sek\u00e4 Cycocel ja Phosfon 18\u00b0 C:ssa. Kaikki kasvuns\u00e4\u00e4teet rajoittivat pituuskasvua l\u00e4hes saman verran 12\u00b0 C:ssa, mutta muissa l\u00e4mp\u00f6tiloissa B-nine yleens\u00e4 v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n kuin Cycocel ja Phosfon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71738", "words": "5823", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Kossila, Vappu; Taskinen, Pirkko", "title": "Sources of variation in the birth weight of Ayrshire calves", "date": "1969", "keywords": "birth weight; calf; calves; calving; cows; dam; number; period", "summary": "The following details were listed for each cow: 1) date and 2) number of calving, 3) sex and 4) birth weight of each calf, 5) live weight and 6) degree of fatness of the cow after five days ofeach calving, 7) number of services per the gestation from which the calf was born, 8) number of days dry prior to calving (first calvers excluded), and 9) 4 % fat corrected milk (FCM) yield during the complete lactation period subsequent to the birth of the calf in question. Maximum birth weight of males (39.2 kg) was attained at the sth calving and that of females (36.1 kg) at the 3rd calving.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71739", "words": "8083", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Oksanen, Erkki H.", "title": "Toimintaverkoista ja niiden k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 maatalouden ty\u00f6teknisiss\u00e4 tutkimuksissa", "date": "1969", "keywords": "aikaa; cpm; eli; ennen; eri; esim; esimuokkaus; ett\u00e4; fig; hankkeen; joka; jos; j\u00e4lkeen; koska; kriittisen; kuten; kuva; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en; link; moder; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; network; niiden; ojien; ole; oli; olla; ovat; pert; perusteella; phillips; polun; project; projektin; sek\u00e4; sen; sit\u00e4; table; tai; taulukossa; teht\u00e4vien; teht\u00e4v\u00e4n; toimintaverkko; vain; varten; verkon; viikkoa; voidaan", "summary": "Muille verkon lopputapahtumille LF = TL, ja siten my\u00f6s LS =TL \u2014t=LF t. Jakautumistapahtu- man TL on = pienin ajoista (LS I; LS2, .. ~ LSn), jos siit\u00e4 l\u00e4htee n teht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4, eli siis ko. tapahtumasta l\u00e4htevien teht\u00e4vien my\u00f6h\u00e4isimmist\u00e4 sallituista alkamishetkist\u00e4 valitaan ajallisesti pienin. Kuvasta 1 ja taulukosta 1 ilmenee, ett\u00e4 yhtymiskohtiin p\u00e4\u00e4ttyv\u00e4ll\u00e4 teht\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 tai teht\u00e4- v\u00e4ketjun viimeisell\u00e4 teht\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 voi olla vapaata pelivaraa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71740", "words": "4207", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Kossila, Vappu", "title": "On the thyroid morphology and the level of milk yield among the progeny of goitrous and apparently normal cows", "date": "1969", "keywords": "age; body; body weight; dam; thyroid; thyroid weight; weight; yield", "summary": "The following mean values were obtained for the dams and their daughters: thyroid weight in grams: I 24.17 and 21.07, II 38.13 and 24.51, 111 61.22 and 31.58; thyroid weight in grams per 100 kg corrected body weight (BRT): I 4.55 and 4.18, II 7.42 and 4.92, 111 11.46 and 6.29; absolute amount of epithelial tissue contained per thyroid in grams (Eg); I 4.81 and 4.13, II 5.37 and 4.81, 111 6.96 and 5.61; corrected body weight in kg: I 497 and 474, II 507 and 462, 111 517 and 489; age in months: I 85.6 and 61.8, II 107.7 and 59.8, 111 119,2 and 64.0; mean FCM yield in kg during productional life- time; I 14.64 and 15.06, II 13.93 and 13.78, 111 13.48 and 13.94; FCM yield in kg per 500 kg corrected body weight: I 14.73 and 15.87, II 13.74 and 14.92, 111 13.04 and 14.28. Body weight, age, and milk yield.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71741", "words": "7289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Ylim\u00e4ki, Aarre", "title": "Apilam\u00e4t\u00e4 apilan talvehtimisen heikent\u00e4j\u00e4n\u00e4 Suomessa", "date": "1969", "keywords": "apilam\u00e4d\u00e4n; apilan; autumn; clover; control; erikss; ett\u00e4; fig; increase; kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kuva; maan; my\u00f6s; ovat; overwintering; pcnb; puna; red; rot; sclerotinia; sek\u00e4; selostus; syksyll\u00e4; table; tai; tammisto; taulukko; tikkurilassa; treatment; trifoliorum; voi; yield; ylim\u00e4ki", "summary": "Torjuntakokeiden yhteydess\u00e4 on pyritty selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n apilam\u00e4t\u00e4taudin osuutta apilan talvehtimisvaurioissa nurmissamme yleens\u00e4 ja my\u00f6s sen merkityst\u00e4 apilalajikkeiden talven- kest\u00e4vyydess\u00e4. Niist\u00e4 tulee ilmi apila- m\u00e4d\u00e4n talvehtimista heikent\u00e4v\u00e4 merkitys yleens\u00e4 ja my\u00f6s lajikkeiden erilainen alttius tau- dille (vrt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71742", "words": "2390", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ylim\u00e4ki, Aarre", "title": "Fungicidal effects of some chemicals on Sclerotinia trifoliorum erikss.", "date": "1969", "keywords": "brassicol; effect; growth; mycelia; pcnb; sclerotia; tcnb; trifoliorum", "summary": "In addition to PCNB preparations, TCNB substances very severely restrained the growth of mycelia and the formation of sclerotia of the fungus (Figs. s\u2014B).5\u20148). It seems possible that TCNB and PCNB substances may have effects of more lasting nature on the S. trifoliorum fungus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71743", "words": "2836", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.; Ruotsalainen, Laina", "title": "Carnation wilt diseases caused by fungi in Finland", "date": "1969", "keywords": "carnation; cut; fungi; fusarium; oxysporum; plants; puutarha; wilting", "summary": "The species found in all parts of the plant were Botrytis cinerea, F. arthrosporioides, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Other spesies common were F. arthrospo- rioides, 7.3 %, F. avenaceum, 10.7 %, F. culmorum, 8.5 %, and Alternaria tenuis, 7.9 %, as well as Cladosporium sp., 9.0 %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71744", "words": "5179", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kivi, Erkki I.; Hovinen, Simo", "title": "Lajikkeen ja lannoitustavan vaikutus kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4n viljelyarvoon", "date": "1969", "keywords": "apu; avun; eri; ett\u00e4; explanations; fertilizer; haja; hajalevityksen; kokeet; kokeissa; kuin; lajikkeet; lajikkeiden; lannoituksen; lannoitustasoilla; mutta; my\u00f6s; nikkil\u00e4; oli; ollut; placement; poikkeamana; rivi; rivimultauksen; ruso; sadon; sek\u00e4; sijaan; svenno; table; tammisto; tasosta; taulukko; trials; vaikutus; varieties; v\u00e4lill\u00e4", "summary": "Kun kaikki lajikkeet antoivat hajalevityst\u00e4 k\u00e4ytett\u00e4ess\u00e4 jokseenkin yht\u00e4 runsaat sadot, oli rivimultauksella annetun run- saan lannoituksen tasolla Svenno 13 prosenttia Apua satoisampi ja Ruso sijoittui n\u00e4iden keskiv\u00e4lille. ja Nikkil\u00e4n (Kangasala) koetiloilla v. 1965 ja 1967.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71745", "words": "6030", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Kotilainen, Kaija", "title": "Determination of free and combined plant acids", "date": "1969", "keywords": "acidity; acids; cations; determination; plant; plant acids; results; table; total; water", "summary": "The non- volatile organic acids or plant acids (Ranson 1965), as they are called in the book Plant Biochemistry, are of such abundance in many plant materials that they constitute an important taste factor. Moreover, plant acids are a noteworthy factor in the preparation of silage; the acids, which in the plant occur partly in a free state and partly as salts, form an efficient buffer system (Playne & McDonald 1966, Whittenbury et al. 1967).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71746", "words": "3010", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "The magnesium status of soil and the magnesium content of cultivated plants", "date": "1969", "keywords": "clover; leaves; magnesium; magnesium content; plants; potato; samples; saturation; soil; timothy", "summary": "The quantity of the timothy yield did not depend on the magnesium content of the soil (r = 0.011), but increasing availability of soil magnesium to plants appears to improve the quality of the timothy yield in particular. According to Salmon (1964), the content of exchangeable magnesium in the soil would have to increase fourfold in order to double the magnesium content of the plants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71747", "words": "3039", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki", "title": "Tutkimuksia kasvua hillitsevien aineiden k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 turveviljelyss\u00e4", "date": "1969", "keywords": "cycocel; cycocelin; growth; hiekassa; kuin; oli; peat; phosfon; phosfonin; pituuskasvua; rel; taulukko; turpeen; turpeessa; uute; vaikutus", "summary": "B- nine rajoitti taimien pituuskasvua hiekan ja turpeen seoksessa suhteellisesti yht\u00e4 paljon kuin hiekassa ja enemm\u00e4n kuin turpeessa. N\u00e4iss\u00e4 tutkimuksissa haluttiin selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, 1) mik\u00e4 on syyn\u00e4 Cycocelin ja Phosfonin erilaiseen k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymiseen turpeessa, 2) johtuuko k\u00e4sittelytuloksissa todettu vaihtelu turvelaatujen eroista ja 3) voidaanko kasvua hillitse- vien aineiden tehoa parantaa lis\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 hiekkaa turpeeseen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71749", "words": "1115", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "30", "author": "Pesola, Vilho A.", "title": "Wilhelm Rudorf", "date": "1970", "keywords": "der; erityisesti; h\u00e4nen; kasvinjalostuksen; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; professori; rudorf; rudorfin; tutkimusten; vehn\u00e4n; wilhelm", "summary": "Argentiina oli silloin ja on edelleen huo- mattava vehn\u00e4n vientimaa. ja ohran h\u00e4rm\u00e4sient\u00e4 (Erysiphe) .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71750", "words": "700", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "27", "author": "Pesola, Vilho A.", "title": "Hans Nielsen Frandsen", "date": "1970", "keywords": "brassica; ett\u00e4; frandsen; h\u00e4n; maataloudellisten; oli; tanskan", "summary": "Useat Tanskassa yleisesti viljellyt lanttu-, rehunauris- (tur- nipsi-), rehujuurikas-ja rehusokerijuurikas-, samoinkuin puna-ja valkoapila-, sinimailas-ja rantamaitejalosteet sek\u00e4 timotei-, nurminata-, koiranhein\u00e4-, raihein\u00e4-, kattara-, nurmikka- ym. Valaisevasti h\u00e4n kirjoituksissaan k\u00e4sitteli my\u00f6s kasvinjalostukseen yleisesti liit- tyvi\u00e4 kysymyksi\u00e4 kuten jalosteitten lis\u00e4ysviljely\u00e4 ja myynti\u00e4, jalostajain ja jalosteitten lain- omaista suojelua jne.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71751", "words": "6972", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kossila, Vappu; Niemel\u00e4, Paavo; Koskenkorva, Erkki", "title": "Variations in serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium levels due to stage of lactation, season, and age in Ayrshire cows injected with vitamin D3 prior to calving", "date": "1970", "keywords": "calcium; calving; cows; day; group; level; magnesium; milk; period; phosphorus; serum; table; vitamin", "summary": "According to Muir et al. (1968), vitamin D fed cows recovered faster from hypocalcemia induced by Edta infusion than normal cows or cows with history of milk fever. Even though the serum magnesium level as a whole tended to be lower in lactating than in dry cows, the highest mean value (2.01 mg%) was noted during the days 16\u201430postp., this value being significantly (P < 0.002**) higher than those obtained during other phases after calving (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71752", "words": "4071", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Kotilainen, Kaija", "title": "On the carbohydrate composition and nutritive value of some cereals", "date": "1970", "keywords": "barley; cereal; composition; hemicellulose; hulls; lignin; oat; protein; starch; table; wheat", "summary": "In Table 2 the relative pro- portions of the hemicellulose components have been rounded off to the nearest five per- centage-unit figures; however, it should be mentioned that the uronic acid components in rye straw, oat hulls and barley hulls amounted to 3.6, 4.6 and 5.0 per cent of the dry matter, respectively. It can be noted that the compositions of rye straw, oat hulls and barley hulls bear a close resemblance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71753", "words": "7294", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kuusi, Taina; Kyt\u00f6kangas, Riitta", "title": "On the changes in the main mineral constituents of Baltic herring fillets while standing in saline solutions", "date": "1970", "keywords": "ash; baltic; cation; changes; content; fillets; fish; food; herring; metals; nacl; pyrophosphate; solution; standing; value", "summary": "When standing in pyrophosphate solution alone, a small pro- gressive increase of the cation excess was observable, while when standing in NaCl solution alone, the cation excess first decreased strongly and then partly returned towards the original value. The loss has been greatest in NaCl solution, where the final value after 5 days is 22.6 % of the initial value, whereas in both solutions containing pyrophosphate the loss is much smaller and nearly the same, the final value after 5 days being 82.8\u201484.2 % of the initial value.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71754", "words": "5682", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "Vallens \u00f6vervintring i norra Finland", "date": "1970", "keywords": "apukka; borealis; damage; finland; fungi; f\u00f6r; har; ishikariensis; med; nivale; och; skador; som; sta; temperature; timotej; utvintringssvampar; varieties", "summary": "Vallgr\u00e4sf\u00f6r\u00e4dlingarnas resistens mot utvintringssvampar i norra Finland Enligt sortf\u00f6rs\u00f6k p\u00e4 F\u00f6rs\u00f6ksstationen f\u00f6r nordligaste \u00f6sterbotten i Apukka kan l\u00e4mnas f\u00f6ljande uppgifter ang\u00e4ende skador av utvintringssvampar p\u00e4 arter och f\u00f6r\u00e4dlingar av vall- gr\u00e4s i norra Finland. Samtliga har v\u00e4rit mycket mottagliga f\u00f6r angrepp av S. borealis, och best\u00e4nden har Hera \u00e4r helt g\u00e4tt ut.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71755", "words": "2786", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Lakanen, Esko; Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4, Mikko; Kurki, Martti; Hyv\u00e4rinen, Seppo", "title": "Maan viljavuustekij\u00e4in keskin\u00e4iset vuorosuhteet maalajeittain", "date": "1970", "keywords": "calcium; eri; ett\u00e4; fosforin; funktioina; helppoliukoisen; kalkituksen; kalsiumin; kuitenkin; kuva; lakanen; maalajien; maan; mg/1; my\u00f6s; ovat; phosphorus; potassium; sek\u00e4; soil; tulosten; vaihtuvan", "summary": "Soil pH, however, is the critical factor regulating the amount of readily soluble phosphorus, which remains rather low in acid soil up to pH 6. Vaihtuvan kaliumin ja helppoliukoisen fosforin ja muiden viljavuustekij\u00e4in v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 vuorosuhteita esitt\u00e4v\u00e4t kuvat 3 ja 4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71756", "words": "4092", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki", "title": "Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden vaikutus pavun taimien kasvuun IV. Vaikutusasteen riippuvuus valo-oloista", "date": "1970", "keywords": "cycocel; cycocelin; ett\u00e4; growth; hehkulampun; kasvien; kasvua; kuin; lehden; light; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan; oli; phosfon; phosfonin; pime\u00e4ss\u00e4; pituuskasvua; taimien; vaikutus; valon; valossa", "summary": "Bruinsma (1966) p\u00e4\u00e4tyi kasvuns\u00e4\u00e4teiden vaikutusmekanismia koskevien tutkimusten tarkastelussaan johto- p\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6kseen, ett\u00e4 Cycocel ja Phosfon rajoittavat kasvua est\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 gibberelliinin biosyntee- sin. Cycocelin ja Phosfonin vaikutuksessa todettujen erojen perusteella on my\u00f6s ilmeist\u00e4, ett\u00e4 niiden vai- kutus kasvureaktioihin on osittain erilainen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71757", "words": "489", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "26", "author": "Lampila, Martti", "title": "Ilmari Poij\u00e4rvi", "date": "1970", "keywords": "h\u00e4nen; j\u00e4senen\u00e4; my\u00f6s; oli; professori; sek\u00e4", "summary": "Professori Poij\u00e4rven keskeisimm\u00e4ksi el\u00e4m\u00e4nteht\u00e4v\u00e4ksi muodostui kuitenkin h\u00e4nen johtamansa osaston, nykyisen kotiel\u00e4inhoidon tutkimuslaitoksen, kehitt\u00e4minen ja sen puit- teissa suoritettu laaja ja kaikki t\u00e4rkeimm\u00e4t kotiel\u00e4imet k\u00e4sitt\u00e4v\u00e4 monipuolinen tutkimus- ty\u00f6. 7,1, 1968) h\u00e4n on selostanut monipuolisen tutkimusty\u00f6ns\u00e4 tuloksia antaen ohjeita ja laajaan asiantuntemukseensa pohjautuvia neuvoja k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n karjav\u00e4elle mit\u00e4 moninaisimmissa kysymyksiss\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71758", "words": "6639", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6; Yl\u00e4nen, Mikko; Leskel\u00e4, Auvo", "title": "Klormekvatin (CCC) vaikutuksesta viljakasvien satoon ja kasvutapaan", "date": "1970", "keywords": "arvo; ccc; ett\u00e4; fertilizing; grain; kasvusto; k\u00e4sittely; spring; test; treatment; vaikutus; value; von; wheat; yield", "summary": "Ilman CCC:t\u00e4 Without CCC CCC:n aikaansaama muutos Change caused by CCC *p \u00a3 s \u2022\u00a7 a a uSJSi PCNB ja CCC syysrukiin viljelyss\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71759", "words": "2497", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6; Yl\u00e4nen, Mikko; Savas, O. E.; Nieminen, M.; Leskel\u00e4, Auvo; Syv\u00e4lahti, Jorma", "title": "Syysviljojen talvituhosienien torjunta PCNB:ll\u00e4", "date": "1970", "keywords": "control; disinfectant; pcnb; peitattu; seed; treatment; winter", "summary": "Peittaamaton +PCNB 3 305 118 74.2 26.1 86 88 Control yield + PCNB 2. PCNB PCNB 3 688 195 63 79.3 38.4 F-arvo 32.34 F-value Varma-syysvehn\u00e4 1966\u201467 Varma-winter wheal 1966\u201467 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71760", "words": "3163", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Koskenniemi, Eeva; Gyllenberg, Helge", "title": "Mikrobiologisen selektion matemaattisista perusteista", "date": "1970", "keywords": "aktiivisuuden; aktiivisuus; eri; ett\u00e4; hyv\u00e4ksyttyjen; jos; kantaa; kantoja; kantojen; kun; ovat; perusteella; selektio; siis; suoritetaan; tai; tapauksessa; vaiheen; vaiheessa; voidaan; yleens\u00e4", "summary": "Selektion antaman hy\u00f6dyn (G/ct) riippuvuus satunnaisesta karsinnasta, kun selektiointensiteetti on P ja yhden m\u00e4\u00e4rityksen standardivirheen ja tutkittavan joukon hajonnan suhde on Vv- Kun ennen m\u00e4\u00e4rityksi\u00e4 suoritetaan satunnaiskarsintaa, jonka selektiointensiteetti on P\u2019, on n\u00e4in saadussa joukossa valittava selektiointensiteetiksi P, = P/P\u2019. Jos siis valitaan P\u2019 = 1, j\u00e4\u00e4 j\u00e4ljelle testausalan sopiva jako ja P x :n m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4minen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71761", "words": "3834", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Kossila, Vappu", "title": "Effect of age on the interrelations between certain blood components and milk yield during early lactation period in Ayrshire cows injected with vitamin D3 prior to calving", "date": "1970", "keywords": "blood; cows; level; milk; milk yield; serum; yield", "summary": "Both the absolute (in kg) and the relative (in kg/100 kg corrected body weight) daily milk yields have been considered in this study. Simple and partial correlations among blood hemoglobin (Xj), serum calcium (X 2), magnesium (X 3), inorganic phosphorus (X 4), and daily milk yield in kg (X 6) or daily milk yield inkg per 100 kg body weight corrected for fatness (X6a ) in young (I), old (II), and all (I + 11) cows.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71762", "words": "3438", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Elonen, Paavo", "title": "Influence of irrigation and placement of nitrogen fertilizers on the uptake of nitrogen by spring wheat", "date": "1970", "keywords": "content; irrigation; june; limestone; nitrate; nitrogen; placement; surface", "summary": "Lack of movement into the root zone of even nitrates applied as surface dressing to spring cereals was demonstrated in Finnish field experiments, and placement or working in of nitrogen fertilizers was recommended (Kaila and H\u00e4nninen 1961). Because of the usual dry period in the beginning of the summer in Finland, attention has also been paid to the possibilities of improving the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers by irrigation (Elonen et.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71763", "words": "2165", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Blomqvist, Hans", "title": "Uts\u00e4desbetningen med kvicksilverpreparat i Finland 1953 \u2013 1968", "date": "1970", "keywords": "att; den; fig; finland; med; mot; och; seed; uts\u00e4de", "summary": "Under 1950- och b\u00f6rjan av 1960-taletobserverades i Sverige minskade best\u00e4nd av s\u00e4- v\u00e4l fr\u00f6\u00e4tande f\u00e4glar som vissa rovf\u00e4gelarter. Importen av bet- ningsmedel inneh\u00e4llande alkylkvicksilver f\u00f6rbj\u00f6ds dock i medlet av 1967, och sedan b\u00f6rjan av 1969 r\u00e4der \u00e4ven fbrbud mot f\u00f6rs\u00e4ljning av n\u00e4mnda preparat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71764", "words": "4326", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Kossila, Vappu; Myllymaa, Ritva", "title": "Effect of iodine deficiency on the reproductive performance of female rats and the viability and growth rate of their progeny", "date": "1970", "keywords": "body; dams; days; diet; experiment; growth; iodine; pups; rats; table; thyroid; weight", "summary": "The progeny oftheBx rats kept on commercial dietafter weaning had significantly heavier thyroids (d 13.06 and ? 9.88 mg) than the controls, but significantly smaller thy- roids than those kept on iodine deficient diet respectively (Bx tj 26.49 and ? It was found, however, that iodine deficiency: a) delayed significantly the conception of the second generation females (C 2) (Table 3) but was quite ineffective in the first generation females (Bx, Cx) (Tables 2 & 4), b) did not sig- nificantly affect the number ofpups dropped or their birth weight, c) increased pup mortality during suckling period, d) tended to decrease the weight of the female sex organs ofadult rats (Table 5), e) increased the absolute thyroid weight more rapidly in young growing rats than in old fullgrown rats (Tables 3, 4 & 5),and more rapidly in growing males than females, 144 f) decreased significantly and progressively the PBI level in the serum ofadult females which had pregnancies and lactations, g) obviously adversely affected the milk secretion of Ct rats during their second lactation on iodine deficient diet (Experiment II) as judged from the growth rate of theirpups during o\u2014ls0\u201415 days after birth, h) did not adversely affect the growth rate of the suckling offspring of the dams during their first lactation on iodine deficient diet (Tables 3 & 4), i) did not significantly affect the rate of gain of the young rats from weaning up to 60-days of age.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71765", "words": "2065", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Lallukka, Ulla", "title": "Lajikkeen ja tuleentumisajan vaikutus kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4n jyvien mineraalipitoisuuteen", "date": "1970", "keywords": "contents; eroja; jyvien; keskim; kuin; norr\u00f6na; olivat; ppm; sek\u00e4; timantti; touko; vehniss\u00e4; vehn\u00e4n", "summary": "Poikkeuksena olivat Timantti ja Touko, joissa usei- den mineraalienpitoisuudet olivat kesken\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00e4hes samansuuruisia, mutta poikkesivat merkitsev\u00e4sti muiden lajikkeiden kivenn\u00e4isaineiden m\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4. ja Timantti-vehnille, jotka tunnetaan kest\u00e4vin\u00e4 lajikkeina t\u00e4hk\u00e4id\u00e4nt\u00e4\u00e4 vastaan (Suomela 1968).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71766", "words": "3336", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Korhonen, Irmeli; Lehtonen, Ulla-Riitta", "title": "M\u00e4rk\u00e4kuumennus t\u00e4rkkelyksen entsymaattisen hajoamisen tehostajana I. T\u00e4rkkelyspreparaateilla ja jauhetulla viljalla tehdyt kokeet", "date": "1970", "keywords": "effect; erwin; ett\u00e4; glukoosiksi; hydro; jauhojen; j\u00e4lkeen; kuin; kypsytetty; liian; mik\u00e4; my\u00f6s; noin; ole; oli; ovat; processing; sci; starch; tai; thermal; t\u00e4rkkelyksen; vaikutus; vain; vuoksi; wheat", "summary": "Entsyymiliuokseen ei lis\u00e4tty puskuria ja sen vuoksi t\u00e4rkkelyksen hydrolyysi maltoosiksi tapahtui niin hitaasti, ett\u00e4 kirjoittajain kokemuksen mukaan k\u00e4sittelyss\u00e4 ehti tapahtua t\u00e4rkkelyksen paisumista ja hydrolyysi\u00e4 pelk\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4n hautomisajan vuoksi. Jo noin 20 %:n vedenlis\u00e4ys ja kuumentaminen autoklaavissa 120\u00b0:ssa saa aikaan vehn\u00e4-, ohra- ja kaurajauhossa t\u00e4rkkelyksen l\u00e4hes t\u00e4ydellisen herkistymisen entsyymille, vaikka n\u00e4in pieni vesim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ei aiheuta havaittavaa paisumista t\u00e4rkkelysjyv\u00e4siss\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71767", "words": "2896", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Korhonen, Irmeli; Lehtonen, Ulla-Riitta", "title": "M\u00e4rk\u00e4kuumennus t\u00e4rkkelyksen entsymaattisen hajoamisen tehostajana II. Kotimaisista minkkien viljarehuista", "date": "1970", "keywords": "eri; ett\u00e4; foods; hyvin; ibid; jarl; kuin; melin; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; ovat; rehut; salo; starch; tai; taulukossa; tehtaan; t\u00e4rkkelyksen; t\u00e4rkkelyst\u00e4", "summary": "mukaan minkki sulatti k\u00e4sittelem\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4n maissijauhon t\u00e4rkkelyksest\u00e4 74.0 % ja paineessa keitetyn jauhon t\u00e4rk- kelyksest\u00e4 91.0 %. Toinen hyv\u00e4 kypsytysmenetelm\u00e4 perustuu sekin t\u00e4rkkelysjyv\u00e4sten s\u00e4rkemiseen: kos- tutetut jauhot kypsennet\u00e4\u00e4n kovassa paineessa ja johdetaan v\u00e4litt\u00f6m\u00e4sti ulkoilmaan (Mudd, C. A.& Perry 1969).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71768", "words": "3228", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Kotilainen, Kaija", "title": "Drying of herbage samples for analyses", "date": "1970", "keywords": "crude; drying; layer; lignin; samples; temperature; vacuum", "summary": "Drying procedure Temperature \u00b0G Crude 6.25 x N Crude lignin in cr.lignin fibre Cow faeces I Vacuum at 40\u00b0, 1 cm depth 12.8 5\u00bb \u00bb>\u2022-' \u00bb\u00bb 12.5 50\u00b0, 1 12.9 5 12.5 Cow faeces II Vacuum at 40\u00b0, 1 cm depth Oven at 65\u00b0, 1 \u201e 10.92.4 11.62.6 13.83.5 12.53.0 13.53.7 27.1 27.2 it \u00bb \u00bb it \u201e 100\u00b0, 1 5\u00bb a \u00bb u ti 28.4 26.9 33.9 177 65 \u00b0C the errors are evident particularly in respect of the lignin. Dry matter composition ofcompounds, % Drying procedure Temperature \u00b0C % of dry matter sugars crude lignin", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71769", "words": "3663", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Ellala, Anita; Vanhanen, Lasse; Kurkela, Rakel", "title": "Pestyn perunan s\u00e4ilyvyys neularei'itetyss\u00e4 muovissa", "date": "1970", "keywords": "alfa; arvostelussa; ett\u00e4; hiilidioksidin; jauhoinen; jauhoisuuden; kuin; maku; maun; musta; neularei\u2019itetty; oli; olivat; perunan; pestyn; polyeteeni; potatoes; realta; rekord; sek\u00e4; ssa; varastoinnin; vesih\u00f6yryn; viikkoa; voimapaperi; vrk", "summary": "Painoh\u00e4vi\u00f6t m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin 3 viikkoa varastoinnin j\u00e4lkeen 22\u00b0 C:ssa ja 10 \u00b0C:ssa (kokeet 2\u20143). Pestyn perunan s\u00e4ilymist\u00e4 mukaisen perunan veroisena polyeteeniin pakattuna 10\u00b0 C:ssa ja 22", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71770", "words": "3537", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "81", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6; Yl\u00e4nen, Mikko; Leskel\u00e4, Auvo; Syv\u00e4lahti, Jorma", "title": "Results of tests made with placement fertilization on the Kotkaniemi experimental farm", "date": "1970", "keywords": "fertilizer; grain; placement; test; value", "summary": "\u00bb \u00bb 3 449 146 3 680 156\u00bb 4. \u00bb \u00bb \u00bb 3 526 149 3 782 16050 92.8 O 50.0 32.7 12.5 84.2 F-value of grain yields = B.67***, sx = 5.4 % Placement/broadcasting F-value = 7.30* Svenno-wheat 1967 Falling number 2312 604 100 14 82.3 34.0 3 83.7 36.6 14 82.8 36.1 10 82.8 36.8 47 81.6 34.0 2. broadcasting 2 361 309 5. \u00bb \u00bb \u00bb placement 2 931 38434 80.0 0 61.6 34.7 10.4 63.2 4.7 F-value of grain yields - 21.51***, sx = 8.4 % Placement/broadcasting F-value = 33.74* ** Otra-barley 1968 1 128 100 77.8 0 64.137.3 10.652.5 4.1 85.8 0 64.038.4 10.366.6 4.4 91.3 0 65.439.6 10.172.0 4.4 84.0 4 61.236.9 12.268.1 4.2 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71771", "words": "288", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "21", "author": "Kivi, Erkki", "title": "Otto Valle", "date": "1970", "keywords": "h\u00e4n; otto; valle", "summary": "Professori Vallen asiantuntemusta ja tarmokkuutta k\u00e4ytettiin hyv\u00e4ksi lukuisissa tutki- muksen, maatalouden sek\u00e4 my\u00f6s vapaiden kansalaisj\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen ja yhteiskunnan luotta- musteht\u00e4viss\u00e4. Ne vuosikymmenet, jotka Otto Valle ty\u00f6skenteli aktiivisena maataloustutkijana ja tut- kimusty\u00f6n johtajana, olivat maamme maatalouselinkeinon suurta kehityksen, l\u00e4pimurron aikaa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71772", "words": "4246", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Elonen, Paavo", "title": "Influence of irrigation and supply of available nitrogen on growth and nutrient content of spring wheat", "date": "1970", "keywords": "content; irrigation; june; matter; nitrogen; nitrogen supply; samples; supply", "summary": "In the ears, there is some tend- ency to lower nitrogen content in the irrigated samples, and this is statistically significant in the samples of August 18, except when the nitrogen supply was very low. 212 The grains were not poor in phosphorus, and only with good or very good supply of nitrogen irrigation decreased this content significantly.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71773", "words": "2112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Korkman, Johan", "title": "Leaching of nutrients from mixed fertilizer in some Finnish soils", "date": "1970", "keywords": "clay; distribution; fertilizer; nitrate; nitrogen; potassium; soil", "summary": "In clay soils the leaching ofammoniumnitrogen and potassium is obviously quite insignificant. Soils columns used in the leaching experiment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71774", "words": "5534", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kossila, Vappu; Lehtonen, Ulla-Riitta; Sulkinoja, Maija-Leena; Myllymaa, Ritva", "title": "On the nature and incidence of goitre in Finnish dairy calf population", "date": "1970", "keywords": "activity; areas; carcass; characteristics; control; goitre; mean; study; table; thyroid; weight", "summary": "Thyroid weight correlated very closely with Eg (.86) and fairly closely with histological activity (.37), Ea (.40), E % (.39), and C % (\u2014.40) and to a lesser extent also with FN (\u2014.10) and S % (.20). The data included both Ayrshires (375 <J and 239 $) and Finncattle (276 d and 2349), and was characterized by the following mean and range values: carcass weight 66.6 kg (7\u2014214), thyroid weight 12.95 g (2.1\u2014130.0), E % 26.1 (14.4\u201488.2), C % 70.2 (4.1 85.1), S % 3.7 (0.9\u201414.6), Ep 5.0 (2.2\u201422.5), Eg 3.77 (0.44\u201498.15), FN 21.9 (9.0 84.7), histological activity 3.0 (1 \u20146).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71775", "words": "5093", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Peltola, Ulla; Kotilainen, Kaija", "title": "Diurnal and daily variations in the composition of cow faeces", "date": "1970", "keywords": "ash; composition; content; cow; crude; faeces; lignin; oxide; protein; samples; variations", "summary": "Moreover, large diurnal variations appear during most of the days. Large variations have also been observed in the faecal excretion of Cr203 by pigs (Moore 1957, Horvath et al. 1958) and by poultry (Kivim\u00e4e 1960).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71776", "words": "1878", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Oksanen, H. E.; Sandholm, Markus", "title": "The selenium content of Finnish forage crops", "date": "1970", "keywords": "content; nxs; plants; ppm; samples; selenium", "summary": "Selenium content (p.p.b*) in forage (dry matter). The fluorescence method used in the present study is suitable for determining low selenium contents in biological material (Watkinson 1966), 252 and the use of the Se 75 tracer, to measure the loss ofselenium during the analysis, increases the reliability of the method.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71777", "words": "3656", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Linko, Reino R.", "title": "Irradiation preservation of foods I. Prolongation of the keeping quality of fresh fish by radiation pasteurization", "date": "1970", "keywords": "days; doses; fish; krad; pike; radiation; saithe; storage", "summary": "However, not much is as yet known about the factors influencing the quality of radiation pasteurized fish. In addition to the doses of radiation there are, however, many other factors, especially the temperature and the packaging, that must not be overlooked when the average total shelf lives of irradiated fish are compared.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71778", "words": "4135", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Varo, Mikko; Varo, Hannu", "title": "The milk production of reindeer cows and the share of milk in the growth of reindeer calves", "date": "1971", "keywords": "average; birth; calves; calving; correlations; cows; dams; development; ett\u00e4; fat; growth; milk; months; oli; protein; reindeer; spring; table; varo; vasojen; weight", "summary": "Naarasvasat painoivat keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 5.28 ja urosvasat 5.93 kg. N\u00e4ytteiden keruun suorittivat ylioppilaat H. Kull- berg ja H. Varo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71779", "words": "4722", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Aluminium and acidity in Finnish soils", "date": "1971", "keywords": "acidity; clay; exchange; organic; oxalate; samples; soils; soluble", "summary": "In the mineral soils this part of soil acidity ranges from 0.3 to 27 me/100 g. There is no significant diffe- rence between the mineral soil groups in this respect, though the mean value of clay soils tends to be somewhat higher than the means of the coarser mineral soils. Modern concepts of soil acidity emphasize the role of aluminium.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71780", "words": "2808", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kuusi, Taina; Pajunen, Esko", "title": "Less grown apple varietes in juice production, and the influence of polyphenols and added ascorbic acid on the juice quality", "date": "1971", "keywords": "acid; apple; ascorbic; atlas; dolgo; erstaa; juices; losses", "summary": "The browning of apple juice was influenced not only by the polyphenolase activity and the polyphenol concentration but also by the type of phenolic compounds. Two samples of apple juice were prepared of each variety and to one of these ascorbic acid, 100 mg/100 gof apples, (cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71781", "words": "2911", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa", "title": "Comparative digestibility studies with hens and rats", "date": "1971", "keywords": "bark; cell; digestibility; matter; meal; rats; wall", "summary": "The feeds used in the digestibility trials were wholewheat meal and bark meal. The digestibility of wholewheat meal was studied in hens and rats; the digestibility of bark meal only in rats.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71782", "words": "2014", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Paulam\u00e4ki, Erkki; Luostarinen, Heikki", "title": "Nurmet, Italian raihein\u00e4 ja rehukaali tuorerehukasveina suoviljelyksill\u00e4", "date": "1971", "keywords": "1967\u201469; kuin; leteensuolla; ley; nurminata; oli; olivat; puna; raihein\u00e4; rehukaali", "summary": "Tulokset on saatu Suo- viljelysyhdistyksen Leteensuon ja Italian raihein\u00e4 ja rehukaali ovat monien tutkimusten mukaan arvokkaita yksivuotisia rehukasveja (Anttinen 1965, Iso- talo 1966, Andersson 1968 jne.), jotka menestyv\u00e4t my\u00f6s suoviljelyksill\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71783", "words": "6048", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Uusisalmi, Unto", "title": "The conventional carcass evaluation and the carcass dissection analysis of pigs", "date": "1971", "keywords": "bone; carcass; characteristics; component; fat; meat; skin; weight", "summary": "The correlation coefficient between live weight and half carcass is 0.71, that between carcass weight and half carcass is 0.71, that between carcass weight and half carcass 0.76, and that between carcass weight and the most valuable part of the half carcass 0.72. Concerning the ratios between carcass weight, the half carcass and the most valuable part of the half carcass, it should be remembered that the correlation between the carcass weight and the half carcass (r = 0.76) is only slightly greater than the correlation between the carcass weight and the most valuable part of the half carcass (r = 0.72).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71784", "words": "4498", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Ettala, Elsi", "title": "The performance testing of boars I. Performance testing on Finnish experimental stations and genetic and environmental influences on test results", "date": "1971", "keywords": "age; boars; fat; growth; performance; results; score; test; testing; thickness; weight", "summary": "However, performance test stations are more expensive than a field test, which makes it difficult to obtain room for all boars. Genetic and environmental influences on test results Apart from the genetic quality of the boars, a number of factors can influence the test results.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71785", "words": "3386", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Ellala, Anita; Vanhanen, Lasse; Kurkela, Rakel", "title": "Typpi- ja kalilannoituksen vaikutus ruokaperunan laatuun", "date": "1971", "keywords": "1964; bintje; eri; hietaisella; hietamaalla; kuin; maun; mikkeli; multavalla; oli; perunan; potato; quality; realta; ruokaperunan; tummunut; urpasavella; vaikutus; vehkalahti", "summary": "Noston yhteydess\u00e4 perunat lajiteltiin kolmeen eri kokoluokkaan 25\u201435 mm, 35\u201455 mm ja > 55 mm. Kokeet ja tulokset Keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen ominaispaino ja ominaispainojakau- tum a. Keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4iset ominaispainot on esitetty taulukossa 2 ja ominaispainojakautu- mat kuvassa 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71786", "words": "4984", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6; Yl\u00e4nen, Mikko; Leskel\u00e4, Auvo; Syv\u00e4lahti, Jorma", "title": "Autumn and winter application of nitrogen fertilizers on clay soils", "date": "1971", "keywords": "application; fertilization; fertilizer; nitrogen; spring; test", "summary": "1967 1968 1969 Averages Nitrogen application time Grain yield Grain yield Grain yield kg/ha rel. (When coming into ear another 200 kg/ha calcium ammonium nitrate was given). 1967 1968 1969 Averages of Nitrogen application time Grain yield Grain yield Grain yield all years kg/ha rel.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71787", "words": "3427", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa", "title": "Effect of large doses of zinc bacitracin on voluntary intake, mastication and digestibility of hay in adult ruminants", "date": "1971", "keywords": "bacitracin; cow; day; digestibility; faeces; hay; nopea; period; zinc", "summary": "The amounts of pure zinc bacitracin (g/day) given in the different experimental periods were as follows: period cow Nopea cow limu 1 20 25 2 28 35 3 40 50 Results and discussion Voluntary intake. Zinc Experimental Remaining Remaining Remaining Total Passing through Cow bacitracin period and on 1.0 mm on 0.5 mm on 0.1 mm 0.1 mm g/day day sieve sieve sieve sieve Nopea 0-period, day 14 5.6 12.9 30.7 49.2 50.8 \u00bb 20 1-period, day II 8.7 18.9 26.3 53.9 46.1 \u00bb 28 2-pcriod, day 7 6.1 13.6 32.4 52.1 47.9 \u00bb 40 3-period, day 3 13.3 16.0 21.7 51.0 49.0 limu 0-period, day 14 5.0 12.0 30.6 47.6 52.4 \u00bb 25 1-period, day II 5.9 16.0 27.8 49.7 50.3 \u00bb 35 2-period, day 7", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71788", "words": "4065", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa", "title": "Effects of different sucrose levels on digestibility and mastication of hay and on yield and composition of milk in dairy cow", "date": "1971", "keywords": "cell; cow; digestibility; hay; matter; milk; period; sugar", "summary": "Percentages of water-soluble sugars in dry matter of faeces in the different experimental periods was as follows: period cow Meno cow Mutina 0 0.4 0.4 1 0.5 0.6 2 0.7 0.7 Table 3. The effect of sugar additions on the utilization of the diet is not well known and more experiments are needed in this field.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71789", "words": "3521", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Ettala, Elsi", "title": "The performance testing of boars II. Phenotypic and genetic correlations", "date": "1971", "keywords": "boars; fat; feed; growth; score; testing; weight", "summary": "There is a fairly close correlation between feed efficiency and testing score. On the other hand, when the boars, because of a thin fat layer, obtained many testing points, this led to high testing scores also for the slowly growing individuals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71790", "words": "7023", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Uusisalmi, Unto", "title": "Evaluation of carcass quality of live pigs at weights of 60 kg and 90 kg", "date": "1971", "keywords": "carcass; characteristics; dorsi; evaluation; fat; left; length; measurements; muscle; pigs; table; weight", "summary": "Relationship of live measurements and carcass characteristics of swine. The back fat can be estimated from measurements at live weights of 60 kg (R 2 = 0.53) and 90 kg (R 2 = 0.75).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71791", "words": "4518", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Uusisalmi, Unto", "title": "Ham quality and its relationship to carcass quality I. Ultrasonic and other measurements", "date": "1971", "keywords": "carcass; evaluation; fat; ham; pigs; r r; weight", "summary": "Cumulative Step Characteristics r R R* % 1 Specific weight of ham \u20140.72 0.719 51.7 2 S. o. 1., mm 0.60 0.813 66.1 3 Live weight, kg 0.36 0.840 70.5 4 Back fat (from carcass), mm 0.72 0.859 73.8 5 Specific weight of shoulder \u20140.68 0.877 76.8 6 Rump 12 cm left (fat on live pigs), mm 0.61 0.885 78.3 7 S. o. 1. (dropped from model), mm 0.60 0.884 78.1 8 Carcass weight, kg 0.20 0.886 78.5 9 Hams (points of live pigs) \u20140.16 0.890 79.1 10 Rump 12 cm left (dropped from model) 0.59 0.893 79.7 11 Carcass weight, kg 0.20 0.892 79.6 12 Wither (fat on live pigs), mm 0.52 0 894 80.0 r > 0.20 signif. Cumulative Step Characteristics r R R* % 1 M. long, dorsi, cm* 0.61 0.605 36.6 2 Carcass weight, kg 0.54 0.727 52.9 3 Back fat (from carcass), mm \u20140.46 0.823 67.8 4 Specific weight of ham 0.55 0.846 71.5 5 Hams (points from carcass) 0.25 0.854 73.0 6 Rump 6 cm left (fat on live pigs), mm \u20140.41 0.859 73.8 7 S. o. I. (from carcass), mm \u20140.32 0.865 74.8 r > 0.20 signif.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71792", "words": "3815", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Uusisalmi, Unto", "title": "Ham quality and its relationship to carcass quality II. Spesific weight and dissection analysis of the ham", "date": "1971", "keywords": "bone; carcass; ham; meat; skin", "summary": "Ham most valuable part of carcass 0.67 0.62 0.68 Back most valuable part of carcass 0.67 0.76 0.65 Skin + fat of ham skin + fat of the most valuable part 0.72 0.79 0.700.72 0.79 0.70 Skin + fat of back skin + fat of the most valuable part 0.76 0.89 0.72 Meat + bone of ham meat + bone of the most valuable part 0.83 0.48 0.99 Meat + bone of back meat + bone of the most valuable part 0.66 0.52 0.690.52 0.69 Skin + fat of ham meat + bone of ham \u20140.14 \u2014O.OO \u20140.23 Skin -f- fat of back meat -| \u25a0 bone of back 0.06 0.04 0.07 Skin + fat component meat + bone component (of carcass) (of carcass) 0.06 0.14 0.11 146 Ham Most valuable part of the carcass skin -f- fat meat + bone skin + fat meat + bone Y, Y, Y, Y 4 Specific weight \u20140.79 0.33 \u20140.72 0.55 Puistola of the ham (X) \u20140.27 0.28 \u20140.37 0.34 Pohjanmaa \u20140.50 0.37 \u20140.46 0.30 Total The Table 1 shows that the accuracy of the scales at Pohjanmaa was not sufficient for the determination of the specific weights. at 0.1 % level H 94 06 25 o = 64 09 26 26 49 27 27 143 1 Live weight 2 Live weight 3 Skin % of ham 4 Fat % of ham 5 Skin ofham+shank, g 6 Fat of ham+shank, g 7 Fat % of ham+shank 8 Skin + fat of shoulder, g 9 Skin + fat of ham, g 10 Skin+ fat of most valuable part, g 11 Skin + fat component, 20 Meat +bone component, % of carcass % ofcarcass 12 Meat % of ham 21 Bone % ofham 13 Specific weight ofham 22 Bone of hind shank, g 14 Meat of hind shank, g 23 Bone of ham+shank, g 15 Meat of ham+ shank, g 24 Bone % of ham +shank 16 Meat % of ham+shank 25 Hind shank, g 17 Meat +bone of shoulder, g 26 Ham+ shank, g 18 Meat + bone of ham, g 27 Most valuable p27 Most valuable part of 19 Meat + bone of most carcass, g valuable part, g 28 Most valuable part, % of carcass genotypical correlation coefficients between the dissection results on the back and the most valuable part of the carcass were slightly greater than the genotypical correlation coefficients between the dissection results on the ham and the most valuable part of the carcass.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71793", "words": "4138", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Holopainen, Merimaija", "title": "Kananmunamassan past\u00f6roinnista ja j\u00e4\u00e4dytt\u00e4misest\u00e4", "date": "1971", "keywords": "aikana; egg; ett\u00e4; foam; j\u00e4lkeen; kuluttua; kun; massaa; massasta; min; munamassan; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; ole; oli; olivat; omi; ovat; past\u00f6roitu; raaka; sek\u00e4; sen; ssa; tai; tutkimusten; vaahdon; vrk", "summary": "Tiivistelm\u00e4 Ulkomaisten tutkimusten mukaan munamassan vatkautuvuus huononee ja vaahdon ominaisvolyymi (ml vaahtoa/g massaa) pienenee kun massaa past\u00f6roidaan tai j\u00e4\u00e4dyte- t\u00e4\u00e4n. K\u00e4sill\u00e4 oleva kirjallisuuskatsaus ja tutkimusty\u00f6 pyrkii selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n munamassassa past\u00f6roinnin ja j\u00e4\u00e4dytt\u00e4misen aikana tapahtuvia muutoksia, jotka vaikuttavat massan k\u00e4ytt\u00f6ominaisuuksiin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71794", "words": "3779", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Westermarck, N.", "title": "The importance of capital and labour in animal production", "date": "1971", "keywords": "animal; capital; farms; husbandry; input; investment; labour; pork; production; relation", "summary": "At a given labour input the capital investment in relation to sales is considerably higher in milk production than in pork production, while egg production occupies an intermediate position. Technical development in animal production, as in agricultural production in general has a twofold function.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71795", "words": "2908", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Lallukka, Ulla", "title": "Lajikkeen, korjuuajan ja -menetelm\u00e4n vaikutus kev\u00e4tvehn\u00e4n it\u00e4vyyteen ja it\u00e4miskypsym\u00e4tt\u00f6myyteen", "date": "1971", "keywords": "dormancy; ett\u00e4; germination; harvesting; it\u00e4miskypsym\u00e4tt\u00f6myys; it\u00e4vyys; j\u00e4lkeen; kuin; lajikkeiden; maito; my\u00f6s; norr\u00f6na; oli; olivat; ripening; sen; vaikutus; vuonna; vuosina; wheat", "summary": "ja t\u00e4ystuleentuneena leikatussa ja vasta j\u00e4lkituleentumisen j\u00e4lkeen puidussa vehn\u00e4ss\u00e4 lajikkeiden it\u00e4vyyksien v\u00e4liset erot olivat kohtalaisen v\u00e4h\u00e4iset. Vuonna 1966 oli kasvukauden alkupuoli, kes\u00e4-hein\u00e4kuu, hyvin l\u00e4mmin jakuiva, mutta sen sijaan elo-ja syyskuun l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilat olivat muiden koevuosien vastaavia keskil\u00e4mp\u00f6tiloja alhaisemmat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71796", "words": "3996", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Effective cation-exchange capacity in Finnish mineral soils", "date": "1971", "keywords": "cec; clay; content; organic; samples; soils", "summary": "Results The groups of soil samples are characterized by data in Table 1. There were 100 samples of clay soils with at least 30 % of the fraction < 2 p, 42 samples of loam and silt soils, and 88 samples of sandy soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71797", "words": "4920", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Henriksson, Kurt; Kallela, Kaarlo; Virtamo, Matti; Pf\u00e4ffli, Pirkko", "title": "Vapona-liuskoista haihtuvan DDVP:n myrkyllisyys", "date": "1971", "keywords": "aikana; air; ajan; calves; days; ddvp; ett\u00e4; experiment; koehuoneessa; kokeen; koko; liuskojen; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; number; oli; olivat; pitoisuus; sen; strips; study; vapona; vasikoiden; viikon; vrk; vrk days", "summary": "Hieho, joka kokeen alkaessa oli seitsem\u00e4n kuukauden ik\u00e4inen ja 187 kg;n painoinen, oli koehuoneessa koko tutkimuksen ajan ja on jatkuvasti laitoksella. In experiment room throughout experiment (92 days) Koehuoneessa 6 vrk 50 Vapona-liuskan 20.11.70 2 44.0 (39.0\u201449.0) 132.5 (128.5\u2014137.0) 790 (786\u2014795) v\u00e4kevyydess\u00e4 In experiment room6 days at concentration of 50 Vapona Strips Koehuoneessa 6 vrk 50:n ja 5 vrk 30:n 11. 12. 70 1 43.0 124.0 723 Vapona-liuskan v\u00e4kevyydess\u00e4 In experiment room6 days at concentration of 50 Vapona Strips and 5 days at 30 *) Ik\u00e4 saapuessakeskim. 8 vrk.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71798", "words": "288", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "24", "author": "Varo, Mikko", "title": "Viljo Vainikainen", "date": "1971", "keywords": "h\u00e4n; vainikainen; viljo", "summary": "H\u00e4nen tieteellinen ty\u00f6ns\u00e4 on saanut tunnustusta my\u00f6s luottamus- ja kunniateht\u00e4vin kansainv\u00e4lisess\u00e4 yhteisty\u00f6ss\u00e4. H\u00e4nen tutkimuksensa on tehty p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa kvantitatiivisen genetiikan alalla ja niille on luonteenomaista paneutumi- nen k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n kotiel\u00e4intaloudelle t\u00e4rkeisiin ongelmiin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71799", "words": "3402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Oksanen, Erkki H.", "title": "Peltoviljelykoneiden k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4, kestoi\u00e4st\u00e4 ja poistamissyist\u00e4", "date": "1971", "keywords": "age; eri; ilmoitettiin; koneen; koneiden; koneita; kuin; k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4; levitin; levittimen; maatalouden; machines; my\u00f6s; niittokone; oli; olivat; ploughs; spreaders; tai; tiloilla; tractor; traktorin; use; varatai; vuosina; vuotta; years; yli", "summary": "Peltoalan ja konemallin ristiintaulukoinnista oli todettavissa, ett\u00e4 k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4t aurakoot suurenivat tutkimuskau- della, ja ett\u00e4 suurilla tiloilla k\u00e4ytettiin suurempia auroja kuin pienill\u00e4. Muita sekalaisia syit\u00e4 aina tulipaloa my\u00f6- ten esiintyi vuosina 1964 ja 1969 yhteens\u00e4 kuuden koneen kohdalla.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71800", "words": "2676", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6; Syv\u00e4lahti, Jorma; Leskel\u00e4, Auvo; Yl\u00e4nen, Mikko", "title": "Fertilizing experiments with anhydrous ammonia at Kotkaniemi", "date": "1971", "keywords": "ammonia; nitrogen; soil; test; wheat", "summary": "On barley ammonia gave an 11 % higher yield than calcium ammonium nitrate and urea a 15 % weaker yield than calcium ammonium nitrate. In tests that were arranged at Rikkihappo Oy\u2019s experimental farm Kotkaniemi it was established that anhydrous ammonia given in connection with spring cereal fertilization and autumn cereal earthing is equal to CAN in effect.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71801", "words": "3124", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Pehkonen, Aarne", "title": "Arbetsbehovet och p\u00e5 det p\u00e5verkande faktorer vid radmyllning och kombinerad radmyllning och s\u00e5dd", "date": "1971", "keywords": "arbetsbehovet; att; den; f\u00f6r; har; kombinerad; maskinens; med; medeltal; min; och; s\u00e4dd; time; unders\u00f6kningen; vid", "summary": "Genom f\u00f6rstoring av maskinens l\u00e4dor och genom att g\u00f6ra l\u00e4dorna s\u00e4dana att de motsvarar arbetarnas normala r\u00e4ckvidd, kan man f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra den f\u00f6r hand utf\u00f6rda p\u00e4fyllningens arbetsprestation. 8.3316.7 1.0226.5 + o.Bo*** 10 Kombimaskiner Combine drills Antti 10.0311.0 6.599.0 7.0329.4 6.9916.9 9.017.2 9.289.0 1.2316.4 + 0.84 3 HS-MK-Gombi Juko 0.86 , 11.2 + 0.24 6 0.7026.7 + 0.85** 6 Junnila 0.8019.4 + o.9s*** 6 Nasta-Tumc Pisto 0.877.3 + 0.77 4 0.7616.1 + 0.85** 7 ') Variationskoefficient Variation coefficient vara r\u00e4tt s\u00e4 komplicerade och i vissa fall till sin verkan motsatta (t.ex. k\u00f6rhastighet och f\u00f6rarens anstr\u00e4ngning eller maskinens arbetsbredd och f\u00f6rm\u00e4ga att sv\u00e4nga snabbt).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71802", "words": "2402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Kurkela, Rakel; Ellala, Anita; Vanhanen, Lasse", "title": "Kahdella eri lannoitustasolla viljeltyjen perunalajikkeiden laatu ruokaperunana", "date": "1971", "keywords": "alfa; bintje; eri; milva; moitteettoman; oli; ostara; patrones; realta; rekord; ruokaperunan; siikli; sirtema; tanja; tombola", "summary": "Varhaisperunalajikkeista s\u00e4ilyiv\u00e4t 4\u20145 vrk tum- mumattomina Ostara, Siikli, Sirtema ja Tanja Doren ja Erstelingin s\u00e4ilyess\u00e4 2\u20143 vrk. Poikkeuksena olivat Ostara, Siikli ja Patrones, jotka olivat maultaan ja jauhoisuudeltaan moitteettomia vasta ominais- painosta > 1.085 l\u00e4htien.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71803", "words": "3721", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Oksanen, Erkki H.", "title": "Viljankorjuun ty\u00f6nmenekin kehityksest\u00e4", "date": "1971", "keywords": "arvo; eri; hours; ihmisty\u00f6nmenekin; kuin; mutta; muuttujien; my\u00f6s; ole; ollut; ovat; sek\u00e4; tilalla; tiloilla; tilojen; vain; vuosien; v\u00e4lill\u00e4; yht\u00e4l\u00f6n", "summary": "Kaksisuuntaisella varianssianalyysill\u00e4 on selvitetty tarkemmin tilojen ja vuosien v\u00e4listen vaihteluiden suuruussuhteit\u00e4. Varianssianalyyseill\u00e4 ja t-testeill\u00e4 on tarkasteltu muuttujista tilojen ja vuosien v\u00e4lisen eron voimakkuutta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71804", "words": "5509", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Uusisalmi, Unto", "title": "Simplified dissection as an aid in carcass evaluation on the landrace and Yorkshire breeds", "date": "1972", "keywords": "carcass; component; dissection; ham; meat+bone; meat+bone component; percentage; r r; skin+fat; skin+fat component", "summary": "Landrace {n = 119) Yorkshire (n = 77) x r R R a % x r R R J %y >) fx 2 0.740.74 55 (x 2 0.700.85 71 \u00bb)Jx2 0.81 0.81 66(x 2 0.72 0.88 77 Skin-f-fat component, g \u20140.16 \u20140.16 3 0.11 0 0 Meat+bone component, g 0.15 3 \u20140.07 The most valuable part of carcass, g 0.35 12 0.28 8 0.32 0.38 14 0.28 0.28 8 Skin+fat component, % of carcass 0.70 49 0.78 61 0.64 0.80 64 0.62 0.62 67 The half carcass, g 0.35 12 0.24 6 0.37 0.41 17 0.38 0.35 12 Skin+fat of shoulder+fore back, g 0.28 8 0.410.41 17 0.39 14 0.370.41 17 Skin+fat of back parts, g 0.88 76 0.90 81 0.49 0.88 77 0.51 0.90 81 0.84 71 0.410.84 71 0.86 74 0.390.86 74 Skin+fat of back parts, % of carcass J) fx2 = Skin+ fat of back. An analysis was made of the effects of carcass weight, age and sex on the most valuable part of the carcass and its components.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71805", "words": "2910", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kivi, E. I.; Hovinen, S.", "title": "Response of certain malting barley varieties to nitrogen fertilization", "date": "1972", "keywords": "barley; content; nitrogen; protein; treatment; varieties", "summary": "The effect of nitrogen on the vegetative growth was largely the same as on the grain yield: early nitrogen treatment increased the straw length ofall the varieties (Table 5). On the generative stage of growth, nitrogen treatment had little or no retarding effect.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71806", "words": "3379", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Leila-Riitta", "title": "Growth of weeds in cereal populations", "date": "1972", "keywords": "cereal; effect; nitrogen; rate; seed; weeds; yield", "summary": "Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the sharp decline in weed yield caused by cereal seed rate increments from 25 to 200 and 400 kg/ha. This is in accordance with earlier studies of competition between weeds and cultivated plants, which likewise have demonstrated that dense stands of cultivated crops are effective in reducing weed yields (Winifred and Brenchley 1917, Granstr\u00f6m 1962, Nelson and Nylund 1962, Weber and Staniforth 1957, Wiese et al. 1964).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71807", "words": "3592", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Leila-Riitta", "title": "Kasvuston tiheyden ja l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan vaikutus jauhosavikan (Chenopodium album L.) ja sen sadon kehittymiseen", "date": "1972", "keywords": "album; astiakoehallissa; fytotroneissa; haarojen; harvassa; jauhosavikan; kasvien; kasvustossa; kohti; kuin; kukinta; lai; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilassa; oli; sadon; sen; ssa; taulukko; temperature; tihe\u00e4ss\u00e4; yksil\u00f6\u00e4", "summary": "Juuriston paino yksil\u00f6\u00e4 kohti oli fytotroneissa kasvien samalla kehitysasteella suurempi harvassa kuin tihe\u00e4ss\u00e4 kasvustossa ja my\u00f6s suurempi 12\u00b0 C:n kuin 24\u00b0 G:n l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilassa, kuten oheiset suhdeluvut jauhosavikan kukintavai- heessa osoittavat: Kasvutiheys 256 kpl/m 2 1152 \u201e 24\u00b0 C 6 mg = 100 33 12\u00b0 C 3700 1050 Satok\u00e4yr\u00e4n muotoon vaikuttivat huomattavassa m\u00e4\u00e4rin kasvuston tiheys ja l\u00e4mp\u00f6tila.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71808", "words": "2012", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Ulvinen, Osmo", "title": "Pomo- ja etu-ohrien tunnistaminen", "date": "1972", "keywords": "der; edulla; edun; etu; fig; hyvin; jyv\u00e4n; kuin; kuva; ollut; ovat; pituus; pomo; pomolla; selv\u00e4sti", "summary": "Ero on suurempi kuin muilla moni- tahoisilla lajikkeillamme, mik\u00e4 on laskettava p\u00e4\u00e4osaltaan sen voimakkaan 2-tahoisen perinn\u00f6n ansioksi, mik\u00e4 Pomolla ja Edulla on. Sivuselk\u00e4suonet ovat Pomolla ja Edulla v\u00e4k\u00e4selliset, mik\u00e4 taas on lajikkei- den monitahoisten vanhempien (Pomolla Vega ja Edulla Varde) perua.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71809", "words": "3178", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Syv\u00e4j\u00e4rvi, Jouko; Varo, Mikko", "title": "The ram circle as a progeny testing method", "date": "1972", "keywords": "carcass; characteristics; effect; farms; lambs; progeny; variation", "summary": "Ram circles are used to obtain progeny from sire rams on a number of differ- ent farms in order that the effect of farm on progeny may be equalized and, concurrently, the selection of mate be a random one. ijkl Variation in growth characteristics", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71810", "words": "2758", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Elonen, Paavo; Aho, Liisa; Koivistoinen, Pekka", "title": "Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the amino acid composition of spring wheat", "date": "1972", "keywords": "acid; amino; content; fertilization; flour; irrigation; nitrogen; protein; wheat", "summary": "Amino acid content of foods and biological data on proteins. Amino acid compositions (%) in flour of wheat fertilized by urea (A) or ammonium nitrate limestone (B).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71811", "words": "1931", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Korhonen, Irmeli", "title": "Carbohydrate and acid composition of some apple varieties", "date": "1972", "keywords": "acidity; acids; apples; composition; salo; varieties", "summary": "The purpose was to compare the composition of apple and berries, and at the same time to discover the difference between apple varieties. On the other hand, Norwegian authors reported titratable acid contents equal to or slightly higher than those found in the present study, and figures of the same magni- tude were also published by Wilkinson (1957, 1958) from England.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71812", "words": "3540", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Suomi, Kaija", "title": "Carbohydrate and acid composition of Finnish berries", "date": "1972", "keywords": "acid; acidity; berries; composition; content; matter; seeds; total", "summary": "Whiting (1958) has studied the non-volatile acids of some berries, determining both the titratable acid and total acid content. Kuusi (1969) has published certain parameters of Finnish berries though no carbohydrate values.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71813", "words": "2043", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Sepp\u00e4nen, Esko", "title": "The resistance of some potato varieties to spraing caused by tobacco rattle virus", "date": "1972", "keywords": "potato; rattle; spraing; symptoms; try; tubers; van; varieties; virus", "summary": "According to Calvert and Harrison (1966) there are 2 viruses which cause spraing in potato tubers: tobacco rattle virus (TRY) and potato mop top virus (PMTV). Assesment of spraing caused by tobacco rattle virus in potato tubers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71814", "words": "2830", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Tapio, Eeva", "title": "The appearance of soil-borne viruses in Finnish plant nurseries", "date": "1972", "keywords": "isolates; plants; samples; soil; tnv; tobacco; virus", "summary": "Symptoms produced on test plants by virus isolates examined. In each column, the numerator is the number of virus isolates which infected the plant species examined, the denominator is the number of virus isolates with which the plant species was inoculated.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71815", "words": "1623", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Sepp\u00e4nen, Esko", "title": "The resistance of ten potato varieties to mechanical injury", "date": "1972", "keywords": "fig; injury; record; resistance; size; tubers; varieties", "summary": "Further investigations on tuber damage resistance of different potato varieties. Ottaen huomioon kaikki kuvassa 1 esi- tetyt tulokset ovat Record ja Bintje kest\u00e4vimm\u00e4t, seuraavina ovat Jaakko ja Pito.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71816", "words": "4918", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Nissinen, Oiva; Salonen, Arvi", "title": "Sclerotinia borealis -sienen merkitys nurmiheinien talvehtimisen heikent\u00e4j\u00e4n\u00e4 Helsingin yliopiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemess\u00e4 vuosina 1950-65 I. S\u00e4\u00e4olosuhteiden vaikutus S. borealisen esiintymiseen sek\u00e4 hein\u00e4lajin ja -lajikkeen vaikutus nurmen talvehtimiseen", "date": "1972", "keywords": "1962\u201465; borealis; fescue; grass; hyvin; jamalainen; kauppas; kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4; leys; meadow; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; ovat; piirros; stands; talvehtiminen; tammisto; taulukko; timothy; vuoden; vuosina; wintering; year", "summary": "S 1962\u201465 100 Koemateriaali ja tutkimusmenetelm\u00e4t Vuosina 1950\u201465 tutkitut hein\u00e4lajit ja -lajikkeet on esitetty taulukossa 1. T\u00e4m\u00e4 merkitsee sit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 S. borealis voi kasvaa ja vahingoittaa kasveja k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6llisesti katsoen l\u00e4pi koko talven.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71817", "words": "3538", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Nissinen, Oiva; Salonen, Arvi", "title": "Sclerotinia borealis -sienen merkitys nurmiheinien talvehtimisen heikent\u00e4j\u00e4n\u00e4 Helsingin yliopiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemess\u00e4 vuosina 1950-65 II. Viljelytekniikan vaikutus nurmen talvehtimiseen", "date": "1972", "keywords": "borealis; date; effect; fertilization; kuiva; kvintotseeni; leys; nitrogen; nurmen; oli; olivat; piirros; quintozene; sowing; talvehtimiseen; vaikutus; wintering", "summary": "Seuraavassa tutkimuksessa selvitell\u00e4\u00e4n t\u00e4rkeimpien viljelyteknillisten seikkojen mer- kityst\u00e4 nurmen talvehtimiseen ja S. borealis -sienen esiintymisrunsauteen Helsingin yli- opiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemess\u00e4 vuosina 1957\u201465. Elokuulla kylvetty oras j\u00e4i pieneksi ja oli altis S. borealisen tuhoille.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71818", "words": "4350", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Elonen, Paavo; Kara, Osmo; Autio, Leo", "title": "Sowing of spring cereals in broad bands and the effect of sowing rate, rolling and irrigation on the results", "date": "1972", "keywords": "barley; irrigation; plots; rate; seeding; sowing; wheat; yields", "summary": "With irrigation low seeding rates resulted in fairly good yields, but the best yields were obtained when normal or high seeding rates were used. It seems that a band method with a relatively wide spacing must be considered only as a transitional stage in the development of sowing methods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71819", "words": "3492", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Leila-Riitta", "title": "L\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan ja poutajakson vaikutus jauhosavikan (Chenopodium album L.) ja viljan v\u00e4liseen kilpailuun", "date": "1972", "keywords": "album; c. album; competition; jauhosavikan; kanssa; kasvien; kauran; kokeen; kuin; kun; oats; oli; puhdas; puhtaassa; sato; sekakasvustossa; stage; stand; vehn\u00e4n; weather; weight; wheat", "summary": "L\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan vaikutus jauhosavikan ja kauran sek\u00e4 n\u00e4iden sekakasvuston satoon. T\u00e4t\u00e4 kaavaa k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en laskettiin jauhosavikan ja vehn\u00e4n valtauskertoimet kokeessa 11, jossa yksil\u00f6itten kokonaislukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 astioissa oli yht\u00e4 suuri.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71820", "words": "6664", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Elonen, Paavo; Kara, Osmo", "title": "Sprinkler irrigation on clay soils in southern Finland IV. The effect of repeated applications of water and nitrogen fertilization on spring cereals", "date": "1972", "keywords": "average; barley; effect; irrigation; nitrogen; placement; wheat; yields", "summary": "It therefore looks as if sprinkler irrigation reduces the protein content of wheat more drastically than that of barley. No significant interactions. 1967, wheat 1967, barley 1968, wheat 1968, barley I\u201e 15.412.9 17.214.9 I, 14.412.8 15.914.2 12 14.412.8 14.113.9 13 13.512.1 13.812.8 LSD 0.70.5 1.91.2 N, 13.411.6 14.613.1 N 2 15.413.7 16.014.8 LSD 0.30.2 0.40.4 D\u201e 14.412.7 15.214.0 Dx 14.512.6 15.414.0 LSD 0.20.2 0.30.3 In 1968 the differences in the moisture content of the cereal crops were very great, owing to late tillering, and the sprinkler irrigation had an exceedingly beneficial effect on the ripening of the grain: once sprinkled, the wheat was 5.4 3.3 %-units, and twice sprinkled, 8.3 i 3.3 %-units drier than unirrigated wheat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71821", "words": "3341", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Basic exchangeable cations in Finnish mineral soils", "date": "1972", "keywords": "clay; samples; sand; soils", "summary": "The degree of saturation by basic cations is of particular importance, but also the proportions of various basic cations and their amounts in soil exert marked effect on plant nutrition and, especially, on properties of clay soils. Clay soils, especially their deeper layers appeared to be fairly rich in Mg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71822", "words": "3206", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Suhonen, Irma", "title": "Taimettumisalustassa olevien ravinteiden vaikutuksesta kurkun ja tomaatin sirkkataimien kehittymiseen", "date": "1972", "keywords": "cucumber; days; emergence; ett\u00e4; hoagland; kno; kurkun; oli; seedling; sirkkataimen; taulukko; treatment; vaikutus; vedell\u00e4; vrk; weight", "summary": "Tiivistelm\u00e4 Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin erilaisten ravinneliuosten, liuosten konsentraation, typen ja kaliumin vaikutusta kurkun ja tomaatin taimettumisnopeuteen ja sirkkataimen kehitty- miseen hiekka-alustalla. Taimettumisalustan k\u00e4sittelyn vaikutus kurkun ja tomaatin tuorepainoon jatkokasvatuksen eri vaiheissa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71823", "words": "3315", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Leila-Riitta", "title": "L\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan, valaistuksen ja kasvutiheyden vaikutus jauhosavikan (Chenopodium album L.) satoon", "date": "1972", "keywords": "heikossa; jauhosavikan; kasvuston; koel\u00e4mp\u00f6tiloissa; kuin; kun; kuva; lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyess\u00e4; luxin; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan; mutta; oli; ollessa; pinta; sadon; sato; tiheyden; vaikutus; valaistuksen; valaistuksessa", "summary": "ja jauhosavikan (Ervi\u00f6 1971) Tutkittujen l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilojen vaikutus jauhosavikan satoon ilmeni varsin selv\u00e4n\u00e4, sill\u00e4 kaikki seuraavien satojen v\u00e4liset erot osoittautuivat tilastollisesti merkitseviksi: Sato/astia, suhdeluku 24\u00b0 C 8 24\u00b0\u201414\u00b0 C 16 12\u00b0 C 110 I2\u00b0\u20147\u00b0 C 100 185 Jauhosavikan kuiva-ainesato pinta-alayksik\u00f6lt\u00e4 nousi voimakkaan vegetatiivisen kasvun ja hitaasti tapahtuneen kehityksen vuoksi alhaisissa koel\u00e4mp\u00f6tiloissa moninkertaiseksi kor- keisiin verrattuna.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71824", "words": "2261", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Suhonen, Irma", "title": "Vihre\u00e4n parsan viljely- ja lajikekoe v. 1960-71", "date": "1972", "keywords": "asparagus; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kuin; oli; parsan; sato; sek\u00e4; taulukko; verson; vihre\u00e4n", "summary": "Taimikasvatusta varten parsa kylvettiin avomaalle 17.5. 1960, ja se istutettiin var- sinaiselle kasvupaikalle toukokuun viimeisell\u00e4 viikolla v. 1961 (lohko I) ja v. 1962 (lohko II). Parsa kylvettiin v. 1960 ja istutettiin v. 1961 ja 1962.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71825", "words": "3973", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Rautap\u00e4\u00e4, Jorma; Siltanen, Hilkka; Valta, Anna-Liisa; Mattinen, Veijo", "title": "DDT, lindane and endrin in some agricultural soils in Finland", "date": "1972", "keywords": "acetone; ddt; endrin; hexane; lindane; ppm; samples; soil", "summary": "The DDT-content (o,p\u2019DDT + p,p\u2019DDT + DDE) of soil samples was in average 0.73 ppm (minimum 0, maximum 2.35 ppm). As the use ofDDT, lindane and endrin has been quite common, soil samples were collected in autumn 1969 from areas where these pesticides had been used for a long time.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71826", "words": "3855", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kossila, Vappu; Virtanen, Erkki; Hakatie, Hilkka; Luoma, Esko", "title": "Hevosten karvojen kalsium-, magnesium-, natrium-, kalium-, sinkki-, rauta-, kupari- ja mangaanipitoisuuksien vaihteluista", "date": "1972", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; hair; hevosten; hivenainepitoisuudet; horses; karvojen; kivenn\u00e4isja; kuin; oli; olivat; ovat; peitinkarvojen; pitoisuus; ppm; taulukko; tutkimuksessa; v\u00e4ri", "summary": "ja Mn- ja tuhkapitoisuuksiin. Na;n, K;n, Zn:n, Fe:n ja Cu:n kohdalla v\u00e4rin vaikutus ei k\u00e4y Taulukosta 2 selv\u00e4sti ilmi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71827", "words": "4697", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Kossila, Vappu; Virtanen, Erkki; Maukonen, Johanna", "title": "Hein\u00e4-kaura dieetti ratsuhevosten energian, sulavan raakavalkuaisen sek\u00e4 kivenn\u00e4is- ja hivenaineiden l\u00e4hteen\u00e4", "date": "1972", "keywords": "aikana; heinien; hevoset; hevosilla; hevosten; kcal; keskim; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kokeessa; mukaan; oli; p\u00e4iv\u00e4ss\u00e4; saanti; srv; taulukko; tutkimuksessa; vastaavasti", "summary": "ja hivenaineiden saanti heinist\u00e4 ja kauroista. ja ravinnon- saantitutkimuksia l\u00e4mminverihevosilla oloissamme.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71828", "words": "2059", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Ryti, Ritva", "title": "Mineraalikoostumuksen kuvastuminen kivenn\u00e4ismaan kalsiumin, magnesiumin ja kaliumin pitoisuudessa", "date": "1972", "keywords": "+ +; + =; 14a +; 4c +; kohtalaisesti; la +; my\u00f6s; rllb +; soil; tai", "summary": "Ht Hk Mr Sand and moraine Rl9b + + +++ ++ + + 0.90 0.54 2.30 ViHk ++++ ++ + ++ ++ 1.34 0.43 2.29 R 14a ++ + ++ + ++ (+ ) 1.38 0.63 1.34 R 14b ++ + + + ++ ++ + + 1.36 0.61 1.36 Rlla ++ + + + ++ + (+ ) 1-44 0.40 1.66 Rllb ++ + ++ + ++ ++ ++ 1.55 0.58 1.69 Ra2b ++++ + +++ + + 1.20 0.19 1.98 La la ++ ++ ++ + + +++ 1.32 0.71 1.60 La lc ++ + + ++ + ++ + 1.22 1.15 2.28 -|-4-4- = runsaasti jin abundance ++ = kohtalaisesti /moderately + = niukastl/scanlilily (+ ) = hiukan tai ep\u00e4varmasti /in traces or uncertainly 231 N\u00e4ytteiden kokonais-Ca:n, -Mg:n ja -K;n pitoisuudet m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin soodasulatteesta k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 Ca;n ja Mg:n m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4miseen Viikist\u00e4, noin neli\u00f6kilometrin alalta otetut kolmea eri maalajia edustavat n\u00e4yt- teet Vi AS, Vi US ja Vi Hk ovat my\u00f6s melko yhdenmukaiset savimineraalikoostumuk- seltaan: tosin aitosavin\u00e4ytteess\u00e4 kloriitti on vallitsevana, kun taas urpasavi (hiesusavien ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4) sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 vain v\u00e4h\u00e4n kloriittia ja kohtalaisesti biotiittia ja illiitti\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71829", "words": "6907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Varo, Mikko", "title": "Investigations on the possibilities of reindeer breeding II", "date": "1972", "keywords": "antlers; calves; chest; condition; differences; fall; females; spring; weight; winter", "summary": "Difference (kg) in weights of progeny Time as the parents have been graded by weight measures Birth date 0.41 0.67 Fall 1963 2.75 3.05 Spring 1964 3.52 5.40 Fall 1964 3.90 6.40 Spring 1964 4.06 5.15 The results suggest that the selection of parents according to the measures or the weights leads at least to an equally favorable change in weights of the offspring. In addition to the results from the experimental area ofAska at Pudasj\u00e4rvi, information has also been obtained about the times and birth weights of calves from the experimental group of Kielajoki at Inari (see enclosed map, Figure 1) in 1964 and 1965.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71830", "words": "3833", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kossila, Vappu; Tanhuanp\u00e4\u00e4, Eero; Virtanen, Erkki; Luoma, Esko", "title": "Ratsuhevosten veren hemoglobiini-, glukoosi- ja seerumin kolesteroli-, kivenn\u00e4is- ja hivenainepitoisuuksista I. Erot eri ik\u00e4isten ja eri talleissa pidettyjen hevosten v\u00e4lill\u00e4", "date": "1972", "keywords": "arvot; hevoset; hevosilla; hevosten; kuin; levels; mutta; oli; olivat; tallin; taso; taulukko; veren; veriseerumin", "summary": "ScHRYVERin ja HiNTzin (1972) mukaan runsaasti fosforia sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4 dieetti nostaa seerumin P-tasoa, alentaa Ca-tasoa ja v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 Ca;n ja Mg:n hyv\u00e4ksik\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4. NERTin ja TRAUTMANNin (1965) hevoselle esitt\u00e4m\u00e4t normaaliarvot, K 17 mg % ja Na 310 mg %,", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71831", "words": "3490", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Selenius, Hjalmar", "title": "Nya r\u00f6n om bladanalysens anv\u00e4ndning", "date": "1972", "keywords": "att; ccc; ett; fr\u00e4n; f\u00f6r; f\u00f6rh\u00e4llandet; har; hos; man; med; och; prov; som; tili; vid", "summary": "Material och metoder Sommaren 1969 ins\u00e4ndes prov av tallbarr som \u00e4r klart bl\u00e4gr\u00f6na och av granbarr som \u00e4r m\u00f6rkt gulgr\u00f6na tili torvforskningsinstitutet, Hyryl\u00e4, f\u00f6r att analyseras p\u00e4 kv\u00e4ve och 260 kalium. Det framg\u00e4r av Tabell 2, att det r\u00e4dde en v\u00e4sentlig skillnad i N/K f\u00f6rh\u00e4llandet f\u00f6r tallbarr, 3.20, och f\u00f6r granbarr, 1.38.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71832", "words": "5679", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Valle, Otto; \u00c4yr\u00e4v\u00e4inen, Kirsti; Garrison, C. S.", "title": "Varietal changes in two Finnish alsike clover varieties grown for seed in the USA", "date": "1972", "keywords": "alsike; clover; lots; seed; tammisto; tons; trials; usa", "summary": "Total numbers of plants per seed lot in the threeyears were 256, 176 and 144, respectively. Number of seed lots, harvest year and seed yield kg/ha of Tammisto and Iso alsike clover produced in the USA.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71833", "words": "8505", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Valle, Eero; Valle, Otto; \u00c4yr\u00e4v\u00e4inen, Kirsti; Garrison, C. S.", "title": "Evaluation of the characteristics and agronomic value of Finnish Tammisto meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis huds.) seed grown in the USA", "date": "1972", "keywords": "characteristics; fescue; generation; lots; meadow; plant; production; results; seed; seed lots; seed production; shafter; trials; year", "summary": "The total number of plants per seed lot tested usually varied between 160\u2014192. No. of Prostrate No. of Prostrate seed lots plants seed lots plants Location Generation Prosser 8 74 a 1 9 74 a Shafter 10 64 a 2 12 64 a Tehachapi 10 65 a 3 7 63 a twice as high.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71841", "words": "23017", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Aura, Erkki", "title": "Effects of soil moisture on the germination and emergence of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "air; atm; beet seed; beet seedling; clay soil; diffusion; effects; experiments; figure; germination; oxygen; peg; results; sand soil; seed; seed bed; seed germination; seedling emergence; soil moisture; soil seed; soil water; solution; study; sugar beet; table; value; water air; water content; water diffusivity; water intake; water potential", "summary": "Effect of soil water potential 31 a. Arrangement of experiment 31 b. Effects of soil water potential on seedling emergence 35 4. Hunter and Erickson (1952) have studied the effects of soil water potential on the germination of sugar beet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71842", "words": "21084", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Pohjonen, Veli", "title": "A dynamic model for determining the optimum cutting schedule of Italian ryegrass", "date": "1975", "keywords": "-08; = yield; crop growth; curve; cutting; cutting schedule; development rate; digestibility; dry; dvs; fig; growing; growth rate; height; italian; matter yield; model; optimum; ryegrass; series; stage; sward; temperature; time; total; value", "summary": "Optimization was based on a dynamic growth model which included the concepts crop growth rate, developmentrate and proper growth rate. Proper growth rate (PGR) in the 1973 measurement series, p = primary growth, s = secondary growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71843", "words": "2833", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Varis, Eero", "title": "Lannoitustavan vaikutus perunan ravinteiden saantiin ja mukuloiden kemialliseen koostumukseen ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "ainesadon; fertilizer; kasvukauden; kuiva; k\u00e4ytett\u00e4ess\u00e4; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6; lannoitem\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4; magnesiumin; mukuloiden; oli; perunan; piirros; ravinteiden; syksyll\u00e4", "summary": "Rivilannoitusta k\u00e4ytett\u00e4ess\u00e4 perunan typpi- m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 nousi koko kes\u00e4n ja syksyll\u00e4 selv\u00e4sti suuremmaksi kuin muilla lan- noitustavoilla (CE). Varianssianalyysi lannoitustavan vaikutuksesta perunan ravinteiden saantiin ja mukuloiden kemialliseen koostumukseen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71844", "words": "3886", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Varis, Eero", "title": "Potato yield and quality as a function of the plant density ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "density; number; plant; rate; seed; size; stem; tubers; yield", "summary": "The interaction between seed size and rate was significant (BC) as were the interactions seed size X variety (BD), seed rate X variety (CD) and seed size X seed rate X variety (BCD, Fig. 1). For this reason the definition given above has been adopted, and plant density has been assessed from the capacity of seed tubers to produce stems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71845", "words": "5873", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Elonen, Paavo; Rinne, Sirkka-Liisa; Suomela, Hilkka", "title": "Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and some baking quality characteristics of spring wheat ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "content; effect; farm; fertilization; irrigation; nitrogen; protein; quality; table; trials; value; wheat", "summary": "Nitrogen fertilization slightly retarded ripening every year The falling number of grains tended to be slightly improved by irrigation (from 285 to 321, on an average), but in most trials irrigation and nitrogen fertilization had no signi- ficant influence on the falling number. Thus, irrigation decreased the zeleny value (from 64 to 53 ml), cold viscosity (from 214 to 114 seconds), water absorption (from 66.5 to 64.9 %) and the valorimeter value (from 68 to 60), while these characteristics were improved by nitrogen fertilization.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71846", "words": "8465", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Kaiho", "title": "Occurrence of Septoria species on cereals in Finland in 1971\u20141973 ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "1972; avenae; barley; cereals; fields; finland; fungus; leptosphaeria; nodorum; rye; septoria; species; spring; stage; wheat; winter", "summary": "The occurrence of Septoria avenue f. sp. triticea and S. nodorum on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) by localities in Finland in 1972 and 1973. The occurrence of Septoria avenae f. sp. triticea and 5. nodorum on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) by localities in Finland in 1972 and 1973. 228 Table 3. Frequency of Septoria species on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in the fields researched in 1971 1973.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71847", "words": "12584", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Kaiho", "title": "Occurrence of Helminthosporium species on cereals in Finland in 1971\u20141973 ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "barley; cent; cereals; country; fields; fig; finland; fungi; fungus; gramineum; helminthosporium; leaf; leaves; localities; oats; rye; samples; sativum; seed; species; spring; stage; teres; tritici; wheat; winter", "summary": "The samples Helminthosporium species, %of fields researched researched H. H. H. H. H. Helmin- Cereals Year avenae gra- teres sativum tritici- thospo- i/i , _ ,j> mineum repentis num spp. Ainakin H. gramineum, H. teres ja H. sativum ohralla sek\u00e4 H. avenae kauralla ovat siksi yleisi\u00e4 tautien aiheuttajia kautta maan, ett\u00e4 niiden merkityst\u00e4 ja biologiaa olisi tutkittava edelleen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71848", "words": "6716", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Kaiho", "title": "Viljakasvustoissa esiintyneist\u00e4 sienist\u00e4 vuosina 1971\u20141973 ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "barley; cereals; erysiphe; esiintyi; finland; graminis; helminthosporium; kauralla; kuva; maan; my\u00f6s; ohralla; oli; pelloista; puccinia; rhynchosporium; rukiilla; secalis; sek\u00e4; septoria; species; sprague; ssa; tutkituista; varsinkin; vehn\u00e4ll\u00e4; vuosina; wheat", "summary": "H. grumineum ja H. teres olivat yleisempi\u00e4 moni- Died, ja H. sativumia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71849", "words": "4044", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Varis, Eero; Juuti, Tapio", "title": "Syysvehn\u00e4n typpilannoituksen ajoittamisesta ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "application; baking; eri; eroja; ett\u00e4; fajersson; kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4; kuin; merkitsevi\u00e4; my\u00f6s; nitrogen; oli; olivat; ollut; quality; spring; syksyll\u00e4; taulukko; tutkimuksissa; typpilannoituksen; t\u00e4hk; wheat; zeleny", "summary": "Wa,\u00ae > > a; S A, Lajike \ufffd\ufffd* ns *** *** * *\u2022\u2022 *** \u2022\u2022\u2022 \u00bb*\u2022 Cultivar B. Koej\u00e4sen ns ns * * ns ns ns (*) (\ufffd) Treatment Zeleny-luku Sadon valkuaisen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 ja laatua ilmaiseva Zeleny-testi tehtiin kahdesta kokeesta. Varianssianalyysi typpilannoituksen ja sen ajoittamisen vaikutuksesta syys- vehn\u00e4n satoon ja sadon laatuun.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71850", "words": "43874", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Pihkala, K. U.", "title": "Economics of forest land clearing for agriculture ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "agriculture; alternative; area; average; calculations; capital; cases; cent; classes; costs; data; figures; finland; forest land; forestry; growth; hectare; income; interest; labour; land; land clearing; land rent; land use; method; milk; net; number; period; prices; production; products; rate; results; return; site; size; ssm; stands; study; study areas; study farms; table; timber; total; type; value; wood; years; yield", "summary": "It has been assumed that average study farms manage with type 2, but in the marginal calculations, where extended cultivation is assumed, the cost figures are based on type 1. The data on agricultural production 311 Some figures characterizing the land use and economic size of study farms .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71851", "words": "21820", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Ruohom\u00e4ki, Hilkka", "title": "Estimation of carcass characteristics in young beef cattle", "date": "1975", "keywords": "age; bone; carcass composition; carcass meat; carcass quality; carcass weight; correlations; cutting; experiment; fat; fore; hind; live; measurements; meat; quarters; r r; results; shanks; study; table; width; y =; year olds", "summary": "n = 205 b) Carcass quality scores and carcass weight carcass composition. n= 94 b) Carcass quality scores and carcass weight carcass composition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71852", "words": "3261", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Voho, Kerttu; Varo, Pertti", "title": "Chemical and organoleptic evaluation of some Finnish apple varieties ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "acid; antonovka; apple; atlas; juice; preference; storage; table; varieties; variety", "summary": "Several extensive studies have been made on the chemical composition of apples and apple varieties (Lopetz et al. 1958, Kochan 1968, Bradley and Brown 1969, Holfelder and Eid 1970, Mohr and Adair 1970). Processing qualities of apple varieties and selections.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71853", "words": "2813", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Tyllinen, Hilkka; Karppanen, Eeva; Nurmi, Esko", "title": "Chlorinated hydrocarbons in beef, cow liver and milk products and total mercury in cow liver ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "ddt; liver; mercury; milk; n.d; pcb; samples; table; total", "summary": "Foreign beef and liver samples were obtained in connection with customs clearance of food lots coming from different countries (Table 1). Butter, cheese and milk powder samples were obtained from dairies opera- ting in different parts of Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71854", "words": "2429", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Varo, Mikko", "title": "Nuorten porojen painon ja ruhon koostumuksen vaihtelusta talvikautena ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "-69; age; carcass; differences; eri; erojen; erot; ett\u00e4; kuin; lihan; merkitsevyys; mituschev; month; my\u00f6s; olivat; ovat; porojen; poron; rasvan; ruhon; sex; significance; slaughter", "summary": "Koska n\u00e4iden kudososien yhteism\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t n\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t verraten yhdenmukaisilta jopa vastaavia ik\u00e4luokkia ja sukupuolia vertailtaessa, t\u00e4ytyy erojen syyn\u00e4 olla ilmeisesti luu- ja j\u00e4nnekudosten t\u00e4ysin erilainen erottelu. Valkuaisaineiden, rasvan ja tuhkan v\u00e4hetess\u00e4 vesipitoisuus suurenee.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71855", "words": "4243", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Raimo", "title": "Kyr\u00f6njoen vesist\u00f6alueen rikkipitoiset viljelysmaat ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "1973; alumiinin; arvo; ett\u00e4; gyttja; johtoluku; keskikerroksen; keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4iset; kpl; kyr\u00f6njoen; maan; maat; maiden; mg/1; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; rikin; rikki\u00e4; samples; sek\u00e4; soil; sulphate; taulukko; todettiin; yli", "summary": "Johtoluku ja pH mitattiin maa-vesisuspensiosta (til.suhde 1:2.5). Aerobisen keskikerroksen (50 \u20147O cm) korkeimmat keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4iset rikki-, rauta- ja alumiinipitoisuudet sek\u00e4 korkein johtoluku ja alhaisin pH-arvo to- dettiin lieju- ja liejusaviryhmien maissa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71856", "words": "3246", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Sahal, Devendra", "title": "On the dynamics of farm size distribution in Finland ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "data; distribution; effect; farm; firm; growth; size", "summary": "On the dynamics of farm size distribution in Finland Devendra Sahal Abstract. 1. Introduction Studies of farm size distribution seem to be few presumably because it does not make sense to study \u00bbbusiness concentration\u00bb in an industry char- acterized by many entrepreneurs operating under a relatively competitive market structure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71857", "words": "2102", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Suvitie, Marjatta; N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Kuivatun kanansonnan energia-, valkuais- ja kivenn\u00e4isarvo m\u00e4rehtij\u00f6ill\u00e4 ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "arvo; diet; energia; k.a; kanansonnan; manure; oli; poultry; protein; sen; srv; sulavuus; typen", "summary": "Kokeessa todettiin, ett\u00e4 hivenaineet erittyiv\u00e4t l\u00e4hes kokonaan ja fosfori ja kalsium p\u00e4\u00e4osaltaan sonnassa. Magne- siumista erittyi virtsassa noin 45 % ja natriumista ja kaliumista 70 \u201475 %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71858", "words": "4761", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Stabel-Taucher, Ruth; Nurmi, Esko; Karppanen, Eeva", "title": "Content fo copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and mercury in muscle, liver and kidney of Finnish cattle ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "content; kidney; liver; muscle; n.d; oulu; ppm; sein\u00e4joki; turku", "summary": "Contents of Cu, Zn, Pb. Cd. Sensijaan laskettujen metallipitoisuuksien (Zn, Pb ja Cd) v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei esiinnykorrelaatiota.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71859", "words": "2551", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Nyk\u00e4nen, Anneli; Sormunen, Riitta", "title": "Nurmikasvien koostumus, pepsiini-HCI-liukoisuus ja in vitro-sulavuus eri kasvuasteilla ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "composition; ett\u00e4; growth; hci; kuin; matter; noin; oli; pepsiini; pepsin; puna; stage; taulukko; vitro; vuonna", "summary": "Tulokset ja tarkastelu Kehityksen kulku vuonna 1973 Vuonna 1973 kev\u00e4t oli hyvin suotuisa (taulukko 1), nurmikasvit olivat talvehtineet hyvin ja nurminadan ja timotein kasvu alkoi varhain ja edistyi touko\u2014kes\u00e4kuun vaihteessa nopeasti (kuvat 1 ja 2). Koostumus muuttui vastaavasti hitaammin ja muutokset olivat varsin suoraviivaisia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71860", "words": "2766", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Leila-Riitta", "title": "Seossuhteen ja kylv\u00f6ajankohdan vaikutus ohran ja kev\u00e4trypsin kilpailuun ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "barley; date; kuin; leaf; lehtiaste; my\u00f6hemmin; ohraa; oli; rape; rypsin; sekakasvustossa; sowing; spring; stage; turnip; viikkoa; week", "summary": "Ohraa 100 % \u00bb 75 \u00bb , kev\u00e4trypsi\u00e4 25 % \u00bb 50 \u00bb \u00bb 50 \u00bb \u00bb 25 \u00bb , \u00bb 75 \u00bb Kev\u00e4trypsi\u00e4 100 % Kasvit korjattiin nelj\u00e4ll\u00e4 kehitysasteella: ohran pensomisen alkaessa (rypsi 3\u20145-lehtiasteella), ohran pensoessa (rypsi kukki), ohran ollessa t\u00e4hk\u00e4ll\u00e4 (rypsin kukinta lopullaan) ja ohran ollessa tuleentunut (rypsi tuleentunut). Seossuhteen vaikutus ohran ja rypsin satoon tuleentumisvaiheessa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71861", "words": "931", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Syv\u00e4lahti, J.; Yl\u00e4nen, M.; Leskel\u00e4, A.", "title": "Er\u00e4iden rikkakasvih\u00e4vitteiden teho perunalla ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "control; oli; perunan; rikkakasvien", "summary": "Prometryyni ja syanatsiini eiv\u00e4t ole tehonneet yht\u00e4 hyvin rikkakasveihin ja satotulos on ilmeisesti t\u00e4m\u00e4n takia ollut ep\u00e4tasaisempi. Parhaiten rikkakasveihin tehoavia aineita ovat olleet linuroni ja terbutryyni, sitten prometryyni, syanatsiini ja MCPA.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71862", "words": "4379", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Kiesvaara, Martti", "title": "Kalapuolis\u00e4ilykkeiden s\u00e4ilyvyys ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "acids; aminohappojen; bakteerien; effect; ericksen; ett\u00e4; fish; food; herring; j\u00e4lkeen; kalan; kiesvaara; koska; kuin; kun; l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; marcuse; mikrobien; mikrobit; mutta; muutokset; my\u00f6s; nikkil\u00e4; ovat; preserves; proteiinien; rasvojen; sek\u00e4; semi; sijaan; tai; usein; vaikutusta; varsin", "summary": "Tehokkaimmiksi osoittautuivat d, y ja kun taas s, $ ja a-muodoilla oli heikoin antioksidatiivinen vaikutus. Seuraavasta taulukosta k\u00e4yv\u00e4t ilmi er\u00e4iden aminohappojen silli\u00f6ljyn hapettumista hidastavat vaiku- tukset, kun happojen pitoisuudet ovat 0.001 ja 0.01 M/l. Marcusen mukaan voi aminohapoilla olla my\u00f6s prim\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4 antioksidatii- vista vaikutusta silloin, kun muita prim\u00e4\u00e4risi\u00e4", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71863", "words": "6472", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Varo, Mikko; Per\u00e4l\u00e4, Marjatta; Ojala, Matti; Varo, Hannu", "title": "Experiences in the evaluation of carcass value of live pigs by ultrasonic photography ", "date": "1975", "keywords": "area; carcass; coefficients; correlation; fat; lean; measurements; ratio; table; test; thickness; total; ultrasonic; value", "summary": "Correlation coefficients between ultrasonic and carcass measurements of lean area. Correlation coefficients between ultrasonic and carcass measurements of lean area and amount of lean + bone in half-carcass.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71864", "words": "158128", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Soininen, Arvo M.", "title": "Vanha maataloutemme: Maatalous ja maatalousv\u00e4est\u00f6 Suomessa perinn\u00e4isen maatalouden loppukaudella 1720-luvulta 1870-luvulle ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "1700ja; 1800luvun; 1851; 1855; 1860; 1860ja; 1866; 1870; 1880; 18th; 19th; agriculture; aiheutti; aikaan; aikaisemmin; aikakauden; aikana; aikana ei; aikana suomen; ainakin; ainoastaan; ajalta; ajan; ala oli; alaa; alalla; alanen; alettiin; alkaen; alkoi; alkoivat; alkupuolella ja; alle; alue oli; alueella oli; alueen; alueilla; aluksi; aluksi oli; alussa; ammatissa; annettiin; antaa; antoi; area; arvioida; asema oli; asemaan; asemassa; asia oli; average; avulla; barley; beating; burn; butter; b\u00f6ckerin; century; cereals; crop; cultivation; district; eastern; edelleen; edell\u00e4; edes; edist\u00e4minen oli; ehk\u00e4; ei aina; ei ennen; ei en\u00e4\u00e4; ei juuri; ei kuitenkaan; ei liene; ei n\u00e4yt\u00e4; ei ole; ei ollut; ei suomen; ei tosin; ei viel\u00e4; eik\u00e4; eiv\u00e4t; eli; employment; enemm\u00e4n; enemm\u00e4n ja; enemm\u00e4n kuin; enimm\u00e4kseen; eniten; ennen; ennen kuin; ensimm\u00e4inen; entist\u00e4; eri; ero oli; eroja; er\u00e4s; er\u00e4\u00e4t; esiintyi; esitetty; etel\u00e4isell\u00e4; etel\u00e4isen; etel\u00e4suomalaisen; etenkin; ettei; ett\u00e4; ett\u00e4 it\u00e4; ett\u00e4 kaikki; ett\u00e4 kaskiviljelyn; ett\u00e4 koko; ett\u00e4 my\u00f6s; ett\u00e4 se; ett\u00e4 suomen; ett\u00e4 t\u00e4m\u00e4; exports; farm; fields; finland; forest; gadd; grain; grotenfelt; gyldenin; halkojen; hankinta; harjoitettiin; havaita; havaittavissa; hein\u00e4n; helposti; henke\u00e4; heti; hevosten; hieman; hinnat; hinta oli; hist.tutk; hl ja; https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=iodfayinmoqhfeqj.glqlge_-t2vvilhktw35ia.f86mpu6vtg_g4qiuesuwfvbdbkoee2rgoklqpkokbqxfagykocloeetlnqsvelduchy_7to6x5vw2kp914-ds8ljapebvuhkddj_knpmhlvslrwzhave9l6o9fjoqlhjpawlvggwwpgi3nkzzv2pjrgym0rzvegeo-ckag99; huolimatta; huomattavia; huomioon; huomiota; huuhta; hyvin; hyvinkin; hyv\u00e4ksi; hyv\u00e4t; h\u00e4meess\u00e4; h\u00e4nell\u00e4 oli; h\u00e4nen; iii; ilman; ilmenee; ilmi; irtaimen; isojako ja; isojako oli; isojaon; itse; ja ainakin; ja ala; ja eri; ja etel\u00e4; ja ett\u00e4; ja hamppu; ja heid\u00e4n; ja h\u00e4meen; ja ilmeisesti; ja it\u00e4; ja jopa; ja jossa; ja kahden; ja karjalan; ja karjalassa; ja karjanjalostus; ja kauran; ja keski; ja koko; ja kolmivuoroviljelyn; ja kun; ja kuopion; ja kylvettiin; ja laatokan; ja lienee; ja liitetaul; ja lis\u00e4ksi; ja l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; ja maatalouden; ja meri; ja mets\u00e4talouden; ja muiden; ja muut; ja my\u00f6hemmin; ja niiden; ja niin; ja niist\u00e4; ja niittyjen; ja niityn; ja n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; ja ohra; ja oli; ja olivat; ja olleen; ja oulun; ja per\u00e4; ja pohjois; ja porin; ja sai; ja samalla; ja sen; ja siihen; ja siin\u00e4; ja siis; ja siten; ja sit\u00e4; ja tiedot; ja tilattomien; ja toinen; ja toisaalta; ja torpparien; ja tuli; ja t\u00e4ll\u00f6inkin; ja t\u00e4m\u00e4; ja t\u00e4ten; ja usein; ja vain; ja varsinkin; ja vasta; ja viel\u00e4; ja viipurin; ja viljan; ja yhden; jaettiin; jatkui; jo ennen; johtuen; joiden; joilla oli; joita; joka jo; joka oli; joko; jokseenkin; jolloin; jopa; joskin; joskus; jossa; jossa oli; jossa se; jossain; jota ei; jotka; jotka olivat; joukossa oli; joutui; joutuivat; juuri; j\u00e4i; j\u00e4iv\u00e4t; j\u00e4lkeen; j\u00e4lkeen ja; j\u00e4lkeen oli; j\u00e4\u00e4nyt; kaakkois; kaikesta; kaikki; kaikkialla; kaila; kainuun; kaksivuoroviljelyn; kannalta; kanssa; karjaa oli; karjakannan; karjakanta oli; karjan; karjanhoidon; karjantuotteiden; karjatalouden; karjatalous; kartta; kaskeaminen oli; kaskessa; kaskessa ja; kaskialueen; kaskirukiin ja; kaskiviljely oli; kaskiviljelyn; kasvanut; kasvinviljelyn ja; kasvoi; kasvu ja; kasvu oli; kasvua; katovuosien; kaupunkien; kaura oli; kauran; kehityksen; kehityksest\u00e4; kehitys oli; kehityst\u00e4; kertomukset; kesanto; kesken; keski; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen; kohdalla; kohdalla oli; kohden; kohti; kohti oli; koko; koko it\u00e4; koko maan; koko maatalouden; koko suomen; kokonaan; kokonaisuudessaan; kokotilanviljelij\u00f6iden; kolme; korkeampi kuin; koska; koskevasta; kovin; kruunun; kts; kuin; kuin etel\u00e4; kuin etel\u00e4isell\u00e4; kuin it\u00e4; kuin jo; kuin koko; kuin l\u00e4nsi; kuin miss\u00e4\u00e4n; kuin mit\u00e4; kuin muualla; kuin pohjois; kuin rukiin; kuin sen; kuinka; kuitenkin jo; kuitenkin sen; kuitenkin vain; kuitenkin viel\u00e4; kulutus oli; kun; kun lis\u00e4ksi; kun my\u00f6s; kun oli; kun se; kun suomen; kun taas; kun t\u00e4m\u00e4; kun v.; kun viel\u00e4; kuten jo; kuului; kuuluivat; kuvan; kuvern\u00f6\u00f6rien; kyennyt; kykeni; kylvettiin; kylv\u00f6tiheys; kysymys; kyt\u00f6maat; k\u00e4sitti; k\u00e4ytettiin; k\u00e4ytetty; k\u00e4ytett\u00e4viss\u00e4; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 oli; k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4; k\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4; lainkaan; lannan; lannoitus oli; laskettu; leip\u00e4viljan; lienee; lienee ollut; lienev\u00e4t; liian; liikamaan; likimain; lis\u00e4ksi; lis\u00e4ksi my\u00f6s; lis\u00e4ksi oli; lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyi; lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen; livestock; loppukauden; loppuun; lopulta; luku; luku oli; lukujen; lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 oli; lukuun; luvuilla; luvulla alkoi; luvulla ja; luvulla koko; luvulla my\u00f6s; luvulla niin; luvulla n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; luvulla oli; luvulla olivat; luvulla olleen; luvulla ollut; luvulla se; luvulla selv\u00e4sti; luvulla viel\u00e4; luvulle; luvulta; luvun; luvun alkupuolella; luvun alun; luvun alussa; luvun ja; luvun j\u00e4lkeen; luvun j\u00e4lkipuoliskolla; luvun kuluessa; luvun loppupuolella; luvun lopulla; luvun lopun; luvun puolella; luvun puoliv\u00e4liss\u00e4; luvun tiedot; luvun toisella; luvussa; l\u00e4heisesti; l\u00e4hell\u00e4; l\u00e4hemmin; l\u00e4hes; l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; l\u00e4hteet; l\u00e4htien; l\u00e4nsi; l\u00e4\u00e4ni oli; l\u00e4\u00e4ni province; l\u00e4\u00e4nin; l\u00e4\u00e4nin ja; l\u00e4\u00e4niss\u00e4; maa oli; maahan; maanviljelysseura; maaseudulla; maassa; maata oli; maatalouden; maataloudessa; maatalous oli; maatalousv\u00e4est\u00f6n; maataloutta; maatilatalouden; maatilataloudessa oli; mahdolliseksi; mahdollista; mahdollisuudet; mainittu; manninen; meadows; meinander; melkein; melko; menness\u00e4; merkitsi; merkitys oli; merkityst\u00e4; methods; mets\u00e4n; mets\u00e4ntuotteiden; mikkelin ja; mik\u00e4; mik\u00e4 oli; milj; miss\u00e4; mit\u00e4\u00e4n; muiden; muistitietoker\u00e4elm\u00e4t; mukaan; mukaan ja; mukaan oli; mukana; muodossa; muodostui; mustialan; mutta; mutta ilmeisesti; mutta it\u00e4; mutta koko; mutta kun; mutta my\u00f6s; mutta olivat; mutta sen; mutta sit\u00e4; mutta toisaalta; mutta t\u00e4m\u00e4; mutta vasta; muualla suomessa; muutokset; muutoksia; muutos; muuttui; myynti oli; my\u00f6hemmin; my\u00f6s it\u00e4; my\u00f6s se; my\u00f6s suomen; my\u00f6sk\u00e4\u00e4n; my\u00f6ten; m\u00e4\u00e4rin; m\u00e4\u00e4rin my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 oli; nautakarjan; ne olivat; nelivuoroviljely; nelj\u00e4nneksell\u00e4; niill\u00e4; niin ett\u00e4; niiss\u00e4; niittyalan; niittyjen; niittyj\u00e4; niittyviljelyn; niityt; nimenomaan; noin; nopeammin kuin; nopeasti; northern; nousi; n\u00e4iden; n\u00e4in; n\u00e4ist\u00e4 oli; n\u00e4it\u00e4; n\u00e4kyy; n\u00e4m\u00e4; n\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t; n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 kuitenkin; n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 olleen; oats; och; ohra oli; ohran; ojitus oli; olevan; oli; oli 1700ja; oli aikaisemmin; oli aina; oli ainakin; oli aivan; oli ehditty; oli ehtinyt; oli enemm\u00e4n; oli ennen; oli ensi; oli eritt\u00e4in; oli esill\u00e4; oli etup\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4; oli huomattavasti; oli ilmeisesti; oli itse; oli it\u00e4; oli jaettava; oli jatkuvasti; oli jonkin; oli kaksi; oli koko; oli kokonaan; oli kuitenkin; oli kuten; oli kyll\u00e4; oli kysymys; oli liian; oli luonnollisesti; oli luonteenomaista; oli l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; oli l\u00e4nsi; oli mahdollista; oli my\u00f6s; oli n.; oli niin; oli ollut; oli omiaan; oli ominaista; oli osittain; oli oulun; oli pakko; oli paljon; oli perinn\u00e4isen; oli pienempi; oli puutetta; oli rukiin; oli runsaasti; oli ruotsin; oli saatu; oli samalla; oli sek\u00e4; oli selv\u00e4sti; oli seuran; oli siis; oli siksi; oli sit\u00e4; oli suhteellisesti; oli suunnilleen; oli suuri; oli suurimmillaan; oli tavallisesti; oli tilattoman; oli toinen; oli toisaalta; oli tosin; oli tunnettu; oli turvauduttava; oli tyypillist\u00e4; oli t\u00e4ll\u00e4; oli t\u00e4ll\u00f6in; oli t\u00e4rkein; oli t\u00e4ten; oli usein; oli vaikea; oli vanha; oli varsin; oli varsinkin; oli viel\u00e4; oli voin; oli vv; oli v\u00e4h\u00e4inen; oli v\u00e4h\u00e4ist\u00e4; oli v\u00e4h\u00e4n; oli yleens\u00e4; oli yleist\u00e4; olikin; olisi; olivat; olivat my\u00f6s; olivat niin; olivat p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa; olivat sen; olivat viel\u00e4; olleen; ollut viel\u00e4; oloissa; osa; osa ja; osa oli; osaksi; osalta; osan; osassa; osittain; osoittaa; ostrobothnia; osuus; osuus oli; otettiin; otettu; ottaa; ottamatta; oulun l\u00e4\u00e4nin; ovat; paikoin; paikoitellen; painopiste oli; paitsi; paljoakaan; paljon; paljon ja; paljon kuin; paremmin; parempi; pellava ja; pellavaa; pellon ja; pellossa; peltoalan; peltoalueella; peltoalueen; peltoja; peltojen; peltopinta; peltoviljelyn; perinn\u00e4isen; perinn\u00e4isen maatalouden; perinn\u00e4isess\u00e4; period; perunanviljelyn; perustaminen; perusteella; perustettiin; perustui; per\u00e4; pian; pidettiin; pidetty; pidett\u00e4v\u00e4; pienempi kuin; pieni\u00e4; pieni\u00e4 ja; pietariin; pinta; piti; pitiv\u00e4t; pit\u00e4jiss\u00e4; pit\u00e4\u00e4; pohjanmaalla; pohjanmaalla oli; pohjanmaan; pohjanmaan ja; pohjoissuomalaisen; pois; polton ja; polttopuun; population; production; products; province; puolet; puoliv\u00e4lin; puoliv\u00e4lin j\u00e4lkeen; puoliv\u00e4liss\u00e4 ja; puu oli; puun; puun ja; puuta; puutavaran; pyrittiin; pysyi; p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa; p\u00e4\u00e4osa; p\u00e4\u00e4si; raakapuun; rahdinajo ja; riitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti; rotation; ruis; ruis oli; ruista; rukiin ja; runsaasti; ruotsin; ruotsin suomen; ruotsin vallan; rural; ruvettiin; rye; ryhm\u00e4; saada; saakka; saakka ja; saatavissa; saatettiin; saatiin; saattoi; saattoivat; saatu; sadon; sahapuun; sahatavaran; sahateollisuuden; sai; saimaan; saimaan ja; saivat; sama kuin; samanaikaisesti; samassa; samoin; samoin kuin; sanoa; sanottavasti; satakunnassa; sato; sato oli; savon ja; savossa ja; se alkoi; se ei; se n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; se oli; sek\u00e4; sek\u00e4 sen; sellaisia; selv\u00e4\u00e4; sen eri; sen j\u00e4lkeen; sen mukaan; sen osuus; sen sijaan; sen t\u00e4hden; seuduilla; seurauksena oli; siihen; siirtyi; siirtyminen; siit\u00e4; sijaan oli; siksi; silloin; sill\u00e4; sill\u00e4 se; silti; sitten; sit\u00e4 ei; sivukierto; sks; soininen; suhteellisen; suhteessa; sunila; suo oli; suomen; suomen ammatissatoimiva; suomen historia; suomen ja; suomen kaskialueella; suomen kaskiviljelyalue; suomen maatalouden; suomen peltoalueella; suomen talousseuran; suomen v\u00e4est\u00f6n; suomen v\u00e4lill\u00e4; suomessa; suomessa ja; suomessa my\u00f6s; suomessa oli; suomi oli; suon; suorastaan; suoritettiin; suoviljelyn; suunnilleen; suureksi; suurempi; suurempi kuin; suuressa; suuresti; suuret; suuri ja; suurimmassa; suurin; suurta; svt; syyt\u00e4; s\u00e4ilyneet; s\u00e4ilyneiden; s\u00e4ilynyt; taas oli; table; tai; tai ei; talojen; talollisten; talon; talonpoikien; talonpojat; taloudellinen; talousseura ja; tapaan; tapahtui; tapahtuneen; tapahtunut; tapauksessa; tarkasteltaessa; tarkemmin; tarkoituksena oli; tarpeen; tarve; tarvetta; tarvittiin; taulukko; taulukon; taulukossa; tavalla; tavallisesti; tavallista; tavataan; tehd\u00e4; tehtiin; teki; tekij\u00e4 oli; tekiv\u00e4t; thousands; tiedot; tietoja; tietojen; tietojen mukaan; tilanne oli; tilannetta; tilaston; tilattoman; todellista; todeta; toimeen; toimesta; toiminnassa oli; toiminta; toiminta oli; toinen; torpan; torpparin; torppien; total; tuhatta; tuli; tullut; tulokset; tuloksia; tunnettu; tuntuu; tuntuvasti; tuotannon; tuotanto; tuotiin; tuoton; tuotto oli; turku; turun ja; tynnyri\u00e4; ty\u00f6t\u00e4; ty\u00f6voiman; ty\u00f6v\u00e4en; ty\u00f6v\u00e4ke\u00e4 oli; t\u00e4hden; t\u00e4ll\u00e4; t\u00e4ll\u00f6in; t\u00e4m\u00e4 ei; t\u00e4m\u00e4 oli; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; t\u00e4rke\u00e4; t\u00e4st\u00e4; t\u00e4st\u00e4 oli; t\u00e4ten; t\u00e4ysin; usein; useita; uudellamaalla; uudenmaan ja; uudestaan; uusi; uusien; uusimaa; vaan; vaan oli; vaasan; vaasan ja; vaati; vaihteli; vaikka; vaikuttaa; vaikuttanut; vaikutti; vaikutus; vain; vain joka; vallan; vallan aikana; valtion; vanhaa; vanhan suomen; varassa; varsinainen; varsinais; varsinkin; varsinkin kun; varten; vasta; vasta kun; vasta sen; vastaava; ven\u00e4j\u00e4lle; ven\u00e4j\u00e4n; verran; verraten; verrattain; verrattuna; verrattuna oli; viel\u00e4 se; viennin; viennist\u00e4; vienti; vienti oli; vietiin; viipurin; viipurin l\u00e4\u00e4nin; vilja oli; viljaa; viljanvienti oli; viljeltiin; viljelty; viljelyyn; viranomaisten; voidaan; voidaan kuitenkin; voimakas; voimakkaasti; voin; voinut; voinvienti; voinvienti oli; voita ja; voitaneen; voitiin; voitu; vrt; vuoden; vuodessa; vuonna; vuonna oli; vuosikymmenen; vuosina; vuosisadan; vuoteen; vuotta; v\u00e4est\u00f6 ja; v\u00e4est\u00f6 oli; v\u00e4est\u00f6st\u00e4; v\u00e4est\u00f6st\u00e4 oli; v\u00e4est\u00f6\u00f6n; v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n; v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n kuin; v\u00e4heni; v\u00e4hitellen; v\u00e4h\u00e4n; v\u00e4lill\u00e4; v\u00e4lill\u00e4 oli; wirilander; wood; year; yhteens\u00e4; yhteydess\u00e4; yht\u00e4; yh\u00e4; yksinomaan; yleisesti; yli; yritettiin; zakrevskin", "summary": "Tattari Viljalajeihin luettiin perinn\u00e4isen maatalouden loppukaudella my\u00f6s tattari, jonka p\u00e4hkyl\u00f6it\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin viljan tapaan jauhoiksi ja ryyneiksi ja sanottiin jy- viksi. Viljantuotanto ja viljaomavaraisuus 1700- ja 1800-luvuilla 186 IV.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71865", "words": "1515", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "24", "author": "Kreula, Matti", "title": "Artturi Ilmari Virtanen 1895-1973 ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "deutsche; ett\u00e4; fiir; gesellschaft; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; kannalta; kultainen; my\u00f6s; oli; ovat; ruotsi; sek\u00e4; seura; suomen; virtanen; yliopiston", "summary": "Ruokintakokeet puhdistettujen hiilihydraattien ollessa energian l\u00e4htein\u00e4 ja urean ja ammoniumsuolojen typpil\u00e4htein\u00e4 aloitettiin v. 1961. Virtasen v\u00e4it\u00f6skirjaty\u00f6 oli orgaanisen kemian alalta, mutta aloitettuaan kemistin\u00e4 Valio Meijerien Keskusosuusliikkeen laboratoriossa h\u00e4n opiskeli fysikaalista kemiaa, mikrobiologiaa ja entsyymikemiaa Zurichiss\u00e4 ja Tuk- holmassa saaden t\u00e4ll\u00e4 tavoin biokemiallisen koulutuksen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71866", "words": "1357", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "M\u00e4ki, Antti", "title": "Rurik Jonatan Pihkala 1885-1973 ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "erityisesti; ett\u00e4; helsingin; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; joutui; maanviljelystalouden; maatalouden; my\u00f6s; oli; pihkala; professori; p\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4; rurik; sek\u00e4; sen", "summary": "Rurik Pihkalan oppilaat ja h\u00e4nen kanssaan yhteisty\u00f6ss\u00e4 olleet tulevat aina arvostamaan h\u00e4nen ominaisuuksiaan opettajana sek\u00e4 tutkimusty\u00f6n innoit- tajana, tukijana ja ohjaajana. V\u00e4it\u00f6skirjaty\u00f6ns\u00e4 j\u00e4lkeen ja osittain jo sen ohella Rurik Pihkalan tutki- musty\u00f6 kohdistui voimakkaasti kotiel\u00e4intalouteen, jota h\u00e4n aina oli innok- kaasti harrastanut.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71867", "words": "6297", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "\u00c4yr\u00e4v\u00e4inen, Kirsti; Paatela, Juhani", "title": "The effect of temperature and growth density on the development and yield of two- and multi-rowed barley varieties ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "culms; ear; fig; grain; growth; number; plant; populations; sparse; temperature; varieties; yield", "summary": "Correlations between grain yield and some factors affecting it Grain yield was most affected by total biological yield, number of culms, 1000-grain weight and number of grains per ear, all of which were in a highly significant positive correlation with the grain yield (Table 1). Plants grown at the lower temperature produced much higher total biological yields and grain yields than plants grown at the higher temperature.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71868", "words": "2655", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Varis, Eero", "title": "Varsien poiston ja nostoajan vaikutus Realta-perunan satoon ja mekaanisten vikojen runsauteen ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "effects; harvest; haulm; mukuloiden; mustelmien; mutta; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; nostoaika; nostoajan; nostossa; oli; poistettu; poiston; sadon; time; vaikutus; varsien", "summary": "Varsien poiston ja nostoajan vaikutus t\u00e4rkkelyspitoisuuteen oli merki- tyksett\u00f6m\u00e4n pieni. Varsien poiston ja nostoajan vaikutus t\u00e4rkkelyspitoisuuteen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71869", "words": "1684", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Laakkonen, Eini", "title": "Industrial feeding in Finland in 1970", "date": "1974", "keywords": "canteens; cent; food; meal; milk; workers", "summary": "The number of meal combinations chosen by each worker were calculated as per cent of the total. Meal combinations (per cent of replies) A = vegetables and/or fruit (potatoes excluded) B = bread made of whole grain flour C = warm dish and/or cold cuts D = milk, other milk products, cheese, ice cream, gruel 45 coffee pastries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71870", "words": "789", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "35", "author": "Huunan-Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Antti", "title": "L\u00e4\u00e4ketieteellisi\u00e4 n\u00e4k\u00f6kohtia hivenainetutkimuksesta ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "elements; eri; hivenaineen; my\u00f6s; niiden; tai; trace", "summary": "Esimerkiksi hyperkupremiaa tavataan reumassa ja hypo- x) Valmisteltu puheenvuoro, jonka tohtori Huunan-Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4 piti Suomen Maataloustie- teellisen Seuran symposiumissa 11.12. 1973. Kun p\u00e4\u00e4s- t\u00e4\u00e4n mahdollisimman tarkkaan kokonaiskuvaan eri hivenaineiden kudos- pitoisuuksista ja my\u00f6s niiden aineenvaihdunnallisista ominaisuuksista, voi- daan tarkastella tuloksia kokonaisuutena yht\u00e4 aikaa muilla sektoreilla suori- tettavan (ja suoritetun) tieteellisen ty\u00f6n antamien tulosten kanssa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71871", "words": "3553", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Maijala, Kalle", "title": "Mit\u00e4 mahdollisuuksia on jalostuksella vaikuttaa maidon koostumukseen ja ravintoarvoon?", "date": "1974", "keywords": "ainesosien; contents; eri; ett\u00e4; kuiva; luku; maidon; milk; ovat; pitoisuuksien; rasva; sek\u00e4; snf-%; table; valkuais; yield", "summary": "Valkuaistuo- tosten vuorosuhteet kaikkiin v\u00e4kevyyksiin ja my\u00f6s valkuais/rasva-suhteeseen ovat my\u00f6nteiset, joten valkuaism\u00e4\u00e4riin perustuvan valinnan ei pit\u00e4isi johtaa v\u00e4kevyyden alenemiseen. Rasva-%:n hajonta on n. 1.7 kertaa niin suuri kuin valkuais-%:n ja noin 2-kertainen sokeripitoisuuden tai kaseiinipitoisuuden vaihteluun verrattuna.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71872", "words": "5032", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Varis, Eero", "title": "Kasvuolojen ja lannoituksen vaikutus siemenperunan sadontuottokykyyn ja sadon laatuun ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "capacity; content; crop; effects; laatuun; lannoituksen; lannoitus; mukuloita; my\u00f6s; ns ns; oli; potatoes; quality; sadon; sadontuottokykyyn; seed; siemenperunan; starch; table; taulukko; tubers; vaikutus; vuosi; year; yield", "summary": "Maalajin vaikutus siemenperunan sadontuottokykyyn ja sadon laatuun. Mg-lannoituksen vaikutus siemenperunan sadontuottokykyyn ja sadon laatuun.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71873", "words": "1798", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Varis, Eero; Lannetta, Ilmo", "title": "Istutuksen tasaisuuden merkitys perunan tuotannossa ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "distribution; effects; ett\u00e4; istutuksen; method; oli; planting; potato; systemaattisesti; tasainen; tasaisuuden; taulukko; vaihteleva; yield", "summary": "Ep\u00e4tasaisessa kas- vustossa nimitt\u00e4in normaali positiivinen korrelaatio mukulakoon ja ominais- painon v\u00e4lill\u00e4 murtuu, sill\u00e4 suurista mukuloista suurin osa kasvaa kasvuston harvoissa paikoissa, miss\u00e4 niiden ominaispaino j\u00e4\u00e4 suhteellisen matalaksi. Jar vis ja Palmer 1973).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71874", "words": "3059", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta", "title": "Sokerijuurikkaan naatit ja niist\u00e4 valmistettu s\u00e4il\u00f6rehu: I. Koostumus ja rehuarvo\u00a0", "date": "1974", "keywords": "beet; k.a; kuiva; matter; naattien; naattis\u00e4il\u00f6rehun; oli; silages; silo; sugar; tops; vitro", "summary": "Ero naattien ja naattis\u00e4il\u00f6rehun ja my\u00f6s eri s\u00e4il\u00f6nt\u00e4kerrosten s\u00e4i- l\u00f6rehujen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 oli tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4 (P<0.01). Sokerijuurikkaan naattien ja naattis\u00e4il\u00f6rehun in vitro-sulavuus, % Table 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71875", "words": "2223", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta", "title": "Sokerijuurikkaan naatit ja niist\u00e4 valmistettu s\u00e4il\u00f6rehu: II. Koostumus ja rehuarvo\u00a0", "date": "1974", "keywords": "ainetta; beet; ett\u00e4; kuiva; matter; naattien; newspaper; oli; vitro", "summary": "S\u00e4il\u00f6nn\u00e4n aikana makrokivenn\u00e4isi\u00e4 h\u00e4visi keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 30 \u20145O % ja h\u00e4vikit olivat j\u00e4lleen suurim- mat alimmissa s\u00e4il\u00f6nt\u00e4kerroksissa. ja vaihtelurajat 45 m:n tornisiiloissa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71876", "words": "4805", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Kaiho", "title": "Occurrence of Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) J.J. Davis on spring barley and winter rye in Finland ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "barley; country; fields; finland; fungus; leaf; rhynchosporium; rye; samples; secalis; spots; spring; winter", "summary": "J. J. Davis on spring barley and winter rye in Finland Kaiho M\u00e4kel\u00e4 University of Helsinki, Department of Plant Pathology Received April 18. J. J. Davis occurring on spring barley, winter rye and couch grass (Agropyron repens (L.) PB) in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71877", "words": "2301", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Kossila, Vappu", "title": "Ruokinnan vaikutus maidon koostumukseen ja ravintoarvoon ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "1971; antamalla; cow; dairy; ett\u00e4; kuin; lehm\u00e4lle; lehm\u00e4n; maidon; maidossa; milk; my\u00f6s; sci; tai; vaikuttaa; voidaan", "summary": "P\u00f6tsin haihtuvien rasvahappojen v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 suhteita voidaan muuttaa ruokinnal- lisin keinoin antamalla lehm\u00e4lle esimerkiksi v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n heini\u00e4 ja enemm\u00e4n v\u00e4kirehua tai pellet\u00f6im\u00e4ll\u00e4 tai jauhamalla korsirehu, jolloin p\u00f6tsin etikkahappo- tuotannon suhde propionihappotuotantoon pienenee ja maidon rasvaprosentti alenee. Ruohot sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t runsaasti ja viljat kohtalaisen runsaasti tokoferolia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71878", "words": "2128", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "Maataloustuotannon ennakointi ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "aikav\u00e4lin; aina; ajan; ennusteiden; ennusteita; esimerkiksi; ett\u00e4; kehitys; kuin; kuitenkin; lyhyen; maatalouden; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; niiden; ole; ovat; pitk\u00e4n; production; tai; tuotannon; voidaan", "summary": "Periaatteessa malliin kuuluu paljon erilaisia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4, jotka s\u00e4\u00e4telev\u00e4t ja rajoittavat tuotantoa, ja siten mallien rakentaminen on vaivalloinen ja vaativa teht\u00e4v\u00e4. Tyypillinen esimerkki on lihan tuotannon ja kulutuksen ja tarvittavan ulko- maankaupan (viennin tai tuonnin) ennusteet tavoitehintatason yll\u00e4pit\u00e4miseksi tai saavuttamiseksi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71879", "words": "1587", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "32", "author": "Kivinen, Erkki", "title": "Martti Salonen ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "erityisesti; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; kanssa; kasvinviljelyn; lannoitteiden; maan; maatalouden; martti; my\u00f6hemmin; my\u00f6s; niiden; oli; ollut; ovat; salonen; sek\u00e4; sen", "summary": "My\u00f6s maan fysikaaliset tutkimusmenetelm\u00e4t ovat kehittyneet ja tehostuneet, joten l\u00e4hitulevaisuudessa on mahdol- lista entist\u00e4 tarkemmin seurata viljelystoimenpiteiden sek\u00e4 lannoituksen ja kalkituksen vaikutusta peltomaan rakenteeseen ja erityisesti kosteus- sek\u00e4 ilmavuussuhteisiin. Sen j\u00e4lkeen h\u00e4n yksityisoppilaana suoritti keskikoulun- kurssin Paimiossa ja 1932 ylioppilastutkinnon Turun lyseossa arvosanalla laudatur.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71880", "words": "3819", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Luostarinen, Heikki", "title": "Koetuloksia s\u00e4il\u00f6rehunurmien typpilannoituksesta saraturvesuolla ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "ensimm\u00e4isen; kaliumin; kuin; kuiva; k\u00e4ytett\u00e4ess\u00e4; ley; mutta; my\u00f6s; niitto; nitrogen; nurmi; nurmien; nurmissa; oli; ruohon; saatiin; taulukko; typpilannoituksen; vaikutus; vuoden", "summary": "Yr = 0.720 -(- 0.462 x 0.0521 x 2, miss\u00e4 y = raakavalkuaissato t/ha ja x = lannoitus 100 kg/ha N. Vastaava rajatuotosfunktio on yr \u2019 = 0.462 0.104 x, jolloin typpikilo 1,10 mk/100 kg ja raakavalkuaisen hinta 2,50 reservikaliurain v\u00e4hennykset pystyiv\u00e4t selitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n vain runsaat puolet nurmien ottaman kaliumin kokonaisv\u00e4hennyksest\u00e4, kun typpilannoitus oli 450 kg/ha N ja kalilannoitus kerta-apnoksena kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 annettuna 100 kg/ha K (Joy ym. 1973).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71881", "words": "4939", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Paasikallio, Arja", "title": "Uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients by oats from soils with various clay contents ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "clay; clay content; clay soils; content; effect; finesand; peat; phosphorus; plants; soil; uptake", "summary": "1. Relations between the adsorption and extraction of phosphorus and manganese (y) and soil clay content (x). The effect of soil clay content on phosphorus uptake.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71882", "words": "5112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Persson, Jan", "title": "Humusbalans i odlad jord ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "att; b\u00e4da; carbon; content; del; delen; den; denna; dessa; det; detta; fr\u00e4n; f\u00f6r; f\u00f6rsta; hammarby; har; humushalten; inte; kan; kungs\u00e4ngen; man; med; mellan; mycket; och; olika; prover; skifte; som; talet; tili; uituna; vid; v\u00e4rit", "summary": "Vidare har urvalet av arealer begr\u00e4nsats av att vissa delar bebyggts sedan den f\u00f6rsta provtagningen gjordes p\u00e4 1930-talet. Detta beror p\u00e4 att de uttagna proverna blir mycket heterogena p\u00e4 grund av att r\u00f6tter fr\u00e4n den t\u00e4t\u00e4 v\u00e4xtligheten kommer med i provet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71883", "words": "1905", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Pessi, Yrj\u00f6; Syv\u00e4lahti, Jorma; Saari, Esko; Yl\u00e4nen, Mikko", "title": "Mineral content of grain yield of cereals and the effect of fertilization on it ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "barley; cereals; content; fertilization; minerals; soil", "summary": "Average contents of some minerals in spring wheat on dry weightbasis and yield when grown in clay soil at Kotkaniemi during 1971 and 1972. Average contents of some minerals in barley on dry weight basis and yield when grown in peat soil at Leteensuo during 1972.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71884", "words": "1810", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Puustj\u00e4rvi, Viljo", "title": "Relationship between soil nurient concentration and plant nutrient status ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "efficiency; nutrient; peat; plant; soil", "summary": "By means of a basis peat culture technique, developed in the Peat Research Institute (2), it is possible operationally to meet plant nutrient requirements. What is the relationship between available soil nutrient concentration and the plant nutritional status?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71885", "words": "5527", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Sorteberg , Asbj\u00f8rn", "title": "The effect of some heavy metals on oats in a pot experiment with three different soil types ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "content; lead; liming; metal; nickel; pot; series; soil; straw; yield", "summary": "Soil series and soil types CaCOa g per pot pH after harvesting A B A B I. Clay soil 5.0 25.0 5.50 6.48 V. Sphagnum peat soil . Soil series Cd Ni", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71886", "words": "2753", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "T\u00e4htinen, Hilkka", "title": "The effect of boron fertilization on spring cereals ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "boron; calcium; content; effect; fertilization; soils; water; yield", "summary": "The size of yield when boron was not applied did not depend significantly on the pH, calcium, phosphorus or boron content of the soils. Threshold values of boron contents in Dutch soils in relation to boron deficiency symptoms in beet (heartrot).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71887", "words": "5061", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Uhlen, Gotfred", "title": "The effect of calcium silicate in barley pot experiments ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "barley; calcium; grain; lime; percent; plant; potassium; silicate; silicon; soil; straw; table; year", "summary": "Soil silicon and plant nutrition. In classical Norwegian works (Garder 1930, Seme 1943), and in a number of works referred to by Fidanovski (1968) and others, silica has increased the solubility of soil phosphorus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71888", "words": "4832", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Urvas, Leila; Ervi\u00f6, Raimo", "title": "Mets\u00e4tyypin m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ytyminen maalajin ja maaper\u00e4n kemiallisten ominaisuuksien perusteella ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "cent; cit; eri; ett\u00e4; fenn; finesand; forest; hieta; j\u00e4k\u00e4l\u00e4tyypin; kerros; keskiarvot; kuin; kunkin; k\u00e4enkaali; layer; mets\u00e4tyypin; mg/1; mustikkatyypin; omt; ovat; samples; soil; type", "summary": "Eri mets\u00e4tyyppien keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4iset ravinnearvot ja pH, Table 4. Ainoa merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 eroavuus on se, ett\u00e4 sek\u00e4 k\u00e4enkaali- mustikkatyypin ett\u00e4 mustikkatyypin metsiss\u00e4 savien osuus pinnasta pohja- maahan ment\u00e4ess\u00e4 kasvaa, OMT;ll\u00e4 27 prosentista 46 prosenttiin ja MT:ll\u00e4 3 prosentista 7 prosenttiin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71889", "words": "2981", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Valdmaa, Kalju", "title": "Field experiments with bark humus MoDo-Mylla", "date": "1974", "keywords": "bark; expt; humus; soil; year; yield", "summary": "The yield in the plots treated with bark humus increased considerably and was twice as large in treatment C as the yield in treatment A, without bark humus. 320 Field experiments with bark humus MoDo-Mylla Kalju Valdmaa The Royal Agricultural College of Sweden, S-750 07 Uppsala 7, Sweden Abstract, This preliminary 3-year field experiment with bark humus MoDo-Mylla revealed that an application of 28 tons d.m./ha of bark humus to a sandy soil in- creased the content of organic carbon by about 0.5 % and that application of 56 tons d.m./ha increased the organic content of the topsoil by about 1%.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71890", "words": "4464", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Brummer, Veikko; Aura, Erkki", "title": "Effect of residual nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen on sugar beet production in Finland ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "1973; available; beet; fertilizer; nitrate; nitrogen; soil; sugar; tops; topsoil", "summary": "The effects of fertilizer and accumulated soil nitrogen on the sugar beet quality together with som other experimental data have been statistically analysed. Soil nitrate nitrogen levels as an index of nitrogen fertilizer needs of sugarbeets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71891", "words": "2881", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Varis, Eero; Lannetta, Ilmo", "title": "Lannoitustavan vaikutus perunasadon kehittymiseen ja sadon laatuun ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "application; effects; fertilization; lannoitem\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4; lannoitteiden; lannoituksen; method; mukuloiden; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n; oli; piirros; rate; rivimultaus; sadon; tuber; vaikutus; yield; yklv; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "Sadon kokojakautuma (%), alle 40 mm, 40 \u201455 mm ja yli 55 mm. ns Lehdist\u00f6n paino Lis\u00e4tty lannoitus aiheutti lehdist\u00f6n rehev\u00e4mm\u00e4n kasvun (keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 270 ja 306 g).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71892", "words": "1881", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Toimittaja, Toimittaja", "title": "Professori Martti Salosen julkaisuja 1939\u20141973 ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "agric; fenn; ja koetoim; ja k\u00e4yt; koetoim; k\u00e4yt; salonen; summary", "summary": "ja K\u00e4yt. ja K\u00e4yt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71893", "words": "4334", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Jaakkola, Antti", "title": "Effect of soil moisture on the ability of Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) to reduce an injurious content of nitrate nitrogen in soil", "date": "1974", "keywords": "content; cutting; level; moisture; moisture level; nitrate; nitrogen; nitrogen content; plant; soil", "summary": "The amounts of mobilized and immobilized nitrogen (Table 5) have been calculated by subtraction of mineral nitrogen at the beginning from the sum of soil mineral nitrogen and total nitrogen taken up by plant at the end of the experiment. Nitrate nitrogen contents Table 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71894", "words": "3563", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Effect of liming on basic exchangeable cations of soil ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "clay; liming; samples; soil", "summary": "Essential differences apparently exist between the mechanisms of the retention of Mg and K induced by liming: Significantly lower amounts of Mg was extracted by 0.5 HCI from the limed samples of the heavy clay and muddy clay soil than from the original ones, while the contrary was true with K. The mechanisms connected with the Mg fixation were discussed. Extraction with 0.5 N HCI was employed in order to get some more informa- tion about the effect of liming on the release or fixation of Mg, K, and Na. Results in Table 3 indicate that these acid soluble quantities are higher than the corresponding amounts of exchangeable form, though those of Na in sand and muddy clay soils are not much higher.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71895", "words": "2712", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Kara, Osmo; R\u00e4is\u00e4nen, Lassi", "title": "Sijoituslannoituksen kehityksest\u00e4 ja tutkimustoiminnasta Suomessa ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "agric; drills; elonen; ett\u00e4; fertilizer; finl; joukkoon; kara; kokeissa; lannoitteen; maassamme; my\u00f6s; oli; ovat; placement; seed; sijoituslannoitus; soc; vaikutus", "summary": "Merkillepantavaa on se ripeys, mill\u00e4 kotimainen teollisuus on k\u00e4ytt\u00e4nyt hyv\u00e4kseen tutkimustulokset ja vai- Elonen ja Kara 1972).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71896", "words": "3522", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Ker\u00e4nen, Tuomas", "title": "Tuloksia eri suuruisten kalkkim\u00e4\u00e4rien kokeista kiinteill\u00e4 koekentill\u00e4 vuoteen 1972 saakka ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; experiments; fertilization; increase; kalkituksella; kuin; liming; mean; oli; sadonlis\u00e4ys; sek\u00e4; soils; yield", "summary": "Koska kokeita, joissa kalkitus oli alle 4 tai yli 8 tn/ha, oli v\u00e4h\u00e4n, on tau- lukkoon 3 laskettu maalajeittain ilman kalkitusta saadut sadot ja vain maini- tuilla kalkkim\u00e4\u00e4iill\u00e4 saadut sadonlis\u00e4ykset. Se edustaa vastaavasti 139 ja 182 koesatoa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71897", "words": "5290", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Kivisaari, Simo; Elonen, Paavo", "title": "Irrigation as a method of preventing detrimental late tillering of barley ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "barley; ears; effect; grain; irrigation; number; plants; tillering; yield", "summary": "Grain yields (moisture 15 %). Grain yield of sheaves, g/m2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71898", "words": "1674", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kurki, Martti", "title": "Suomen viljelysmaiden sinkkipitoisuudesta ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "content; eri; helsinki; kuin; ovat; peat; pitoisuudet; pitoisuus; sen; sinkin; sinkkipitoisuus; soils; zinc", "summary": "Tutkimuksen suoritus ja menetelm\u00e4t Vuosina 1971 1973 sinkkim\u00e4\u00e4rityksi\u00e4 tehtiin 629 maan\u00e4ytteest\u00e4, jotka edustavat eri maalajeja ja Suomen eri osia. Kuitenkin on todettu, ett\u00e4 vaihtuva sinkki korreloituu melko hyvin kokonaissinkin kanssa ja t\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi Suomessa viljavuustutkimuksen yhteydess\u00e4 k\u00e4ytetty menetelm\u00e4 puolustaneekin paik- kaansa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71899", "words": "1506", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "K\u00e4h\u00e4ri, Jorma", "title": "Lietelannan kasvinravinnepitosuuksista ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "cattle; contents; lietelannan; lietelannassa; manure; naudan; pig; sian", "summary": "Naudan ja sian lietelannan pH-arvot, vesi- ja ravinnepitoisuudet. Sian ja naudan lietelannan pH-arvot ja vesipitoisuudet olivat keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin l\u00e4hes samansuuruiset.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71900", "words": "11102", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Weckman, Karl", "title": "Maatalouden rakennerationalisoinnin liiketaloudellisista edellytyksist\u00e4 ", "date": "1974", "keywords": "aikana; ainoastaan; alternative; arvot; avulla; capital; carlo; eri; ett\u00e4; farm; fig; grain; huomioon; jotka; keskik; kohti; koko; korkea; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; kuvio; k\u00e4ytetty; k\u00e4ytett\u00e4viss\u00e4; k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4; level level; luonnollisesti; l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; maataloudessa; malleissa; medium; monte; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6s; my\u00f6skin; niin; ole; olisi; ollut; osoittaa; osuus; ovat; paljon; pellon; perusteella; production; p\u00e4\u00e4oman; sek\u00e4; suhteellisen; suurempi; table; tai; taso; tasolla; taulukko; tavalla; techn; tekn; tutkimuksen; tutkimuksessa; ty\u00f6ansio; t\u00e4ll\u00e4; t\u00e4ll\u00f6in; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; varten; voidaan; voitu; vuotuiset; yhteydess\u00e4; yrityksen; yritysten", "summary": "Erityisesti rakennusp\u00e4\u00e4omaa ja my\u00f6skin pelto- ja perusparannusp\u00e4\u00e4omaa tar- 373 vitaan paljon. Torvela (1972) on kirjanpidon pohjalta tutkinut erisuuruisten yritysten ja eri tuotantosuuntien kannatta- vuutta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71901", "words": "4596", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Ettala, Elsi", "title": "Correspondence between phenotype tests of boars and progeny evaluations made on boars and barrows ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "barrows; boars; carcass; fat; growth; progeny; rate; sires", "summary": "Group I Group II Group 111 Characteristics Range Sires Range Sires Range Sires Meat + bone, g boars 16 367-15 596 1, 2,10, 4, 3 15 579-15 005 9,12, 6, 5,11 14 921-14 702 13,14, 7,15, 8 barrows 15 174-14 510 1,4, 2,10, 9 14 479-14 119 6,12, 5,14,11 14 103-12 841 3,13, 7,15, 8 Fat + skin, g boars 4 194 -4606 3,5, 1,12, 2 4 682-4946 10, 9, 7,13, 4 4 989 - 5 298 15, 6, 8,14,11 barrows 5 029- 5 471 5. 3,12, 4, 2 5 577- 5 823 1,10, 9, 6,14 5 858- 6 384 7,13,11, 8,15 Meat + bone, % of carcass boars 49,3-47,3 1,2, 11, 10, 9 47,0-45,8 4, 3. 12, 5, 6 45,5-44,9 13. 14, 7. 15, 8 barrows 46,1-44,3 1,4, 2,10, 5 44,2-43,3 9,12, 6, 3,14 43,3-39,8 11,13, 7,15, 8 Fat + skin, % of carcass boars 12,7-13,9 3, 5, 1, 2,12 14,2-15,1 10, 9, 7. 4,13 15,2-16,8 15. 6 8,14,11 barrows 15,4-16,7 5. 12, 3,2, 4 16,9-17,8 1, 10, 9, 6, 14 18,1-19,6 13, 7, 11, 8, 15 Fat : meat boars 0,27-0,30 3, 1, 5, 2, 10 0,30-0,33 12, 9,4, 7, 13 0,34-0,36 6, 15, 14. 11. 8 barrows 0,35-0,38 5, 1, 4, 2, 12 0,38-0,41 3, 10, 9, 6, 14 0,43-0,48 11, 13, 7, 8, 15 Carcass score boars 629-604 2, 3, 12, 10, 1 602-567 9, 5. 4, 6, 11 544-518 13, 7, 15, 8, 14 barrows 545-523 5, 10, 4, 1, 12 519-489 6,2, 9. 3, 11 475-404 13, 7. 14. 15, 8 Growth boars 861-781 3,11, 8,10, 6 777-734 1, 2,13, 4,5, 731-672 7, 9,15,12,14 barrows 816-756 11, 3, 1, 2, 8 754-717 10, 13, 15, 4, 5 714-692 7, 12, 6, 14, 9 The variation due to differences in carcass weight and breed (see Table 3) was eliminated in calculating the results. Significant phenotypic correlations existed between the ultrasonic fat measurements of the sires and the results of the lean cuts analysis of the most valuable parts of the boar and barrow carcasses (P < 0.05 P < 0.001).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71902", "words": "5634", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "\u00c4yr\u00e4v\u00e4inen, Kirsti", "title": "Yield composition of two-rowed and multi-rowed barleys in drilled and single-plant populations in southern and northern Finnish experiments", "date": "1976", "keywords": "barley; culms; drill; ear; fig; grain; muhos; number; plant; plant trials; trials; varieties; viikki; yield", "summary": "At Viikki grain yields of the two-rowed varieties were significantly larger than those of the multi-rowed varieties. On the other hand, adventitious shoots were more abundant and the ratio of grain yield to biological yield was lower in the single-plant trials than in the drilled trials.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71903", "words": "3332", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Laine, Jorma J.; Raussi, Virve; Koivistoinen, Pekka", "title": "Tutkimus muikun er\u00e4ist\u00e4 elintarviketeknologisista ominaisuuksista ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "albula; coregonus; figures; keitele; kuten; kuvat; lake; muikku; muikun; oli; pyydetyn; ssa; tba", "summary": "ja 1969 5 683 tn (Sutela 1970). Crssa 24 \u201436 tuntia ja +lo\u00b0C:ssa alle 24 tuntia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71904", "words": "13614", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Nevala, Markku", "title": "V\u00e4kilannoitteiden kysynt\u00e4: Jakautuneita viiveit\u00e4 sis\u00e4lt\u00e4vien mallien sovellutuksia Suomen v\u00e4kilannoitteiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6m\u00e4\u00e4rien vaihteluiden selitt\u00e4misess\u00e4 ja ennakoinnissa", "date": "1976", "keywords": "1973/74; aikasarja; almon; analysis; arvo; change; coefficients; consumption; demand; eiv\u00e4t; ennusteet; eri; esitetty; estimaatit; ett\u00e4; ett\u00e4 v\u00e4kilannoitteiden; fertilizer; finland; fosforin; funktio; hehtaaria; hinta; hintojen; jakautuneita; jossa; jotka; kerroin; kertoimet; kohdalla; kohden; koko; kts; kuin; kuitenkin; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6m\u00e4\u00e4rien; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; k\u00e4yt\u00f6n; lag; liite; lis\u00e4ksi; luvun; maatalouden; malleista; malleja; mallien; mallit; mbi; models; muutos; muuttujien; my\u00f6s; neli\u00f6summan; niiden; ole; ollut; ovat; parametrien; peltoalan; perusteella; pienimm\u00e4n; price; sektorin; sek\u00e4; selitt\u00e4vien; sen; siihen; siten; sit\u00e4; suhteen; thi; tuotannontekij\u00f6iden; typen; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; variable; vha; vhi; viiveit\u00e4; viiverakenteen; voidaan; vvol; v\u00e4kilannoitteiden; v\u00e4kilannoitteiden k\u00e4yt\u00f6n", "summary": "Vaikka t\u00e4m\u00e4n ty\u00f6n tarkoituksena olikin vain tuottaa teknisi\u00e4 apuv\u00e4lineit\u00e4 v\u00e4kilannoitteiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6m\u00e4\u00e4rien ennakointiin, jouduttiin tuloksia tarkastel- taessa pohtimaan er\u00e4st\u00e4 koko maatalouden tuotantopolitiikan kannalta kes- keist\u00e4 kysymyst\u00e4 maapohjan ja v\u00e4kilannoitteiden keskin\u00e4isest\u00e4 substituutio- suhteesta. N\u00e4ist\u00e4 havainnoista her\u00e4si ajatus selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 maamme maataloussektorin v\u00e4kilannoitteiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 ja k\u00e4yt\u00f6n m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ytymiseen vaikuttavia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71905", "words": "5841", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Ahokas, Hannu", "title": "Genetic and morphologic characteristics of the gigantic mutant of oats, Avena saliva L ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "68\u20142; gig; hannes; i.ooo; mutant; number; oats; plants; table", "summary": "4. Estimated by D. 1972 1973 1974 Hannes HA 68 2Hannes Fj HA 68 2 Hannes F 2(gig) 3. Silhouettes of oat plants at or shortly after the anthesis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71906", "words": "7021", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta", "title": "Nurmis\u00e4il\u00f6rehukokeita maatilasiiloissa 1. Rehuarvon muutokset ja s\u00e4il\u00f6nt\u00e4tappiot ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "crude; eri; ett\u00e4; grass; hapot; korjuukerran; korjuun; kuin; kuiva; losses; mutta; my\u00f6s; oli; pitoisuus; protein; p\u00e4\u00e4lle; rehussa; ruohon; sen; siiloon; silage; s\u00e4il\u00f6rehun; table; taulukko; value; vitro; v\u00e4lill\u00e4", "summary": "ja 2. korjuukerran ruoho oli laidun- ja s\u00e4il\u00f6rehu- nurmilta, joissa valtakasvina oli nurminata tai timotei. A = 1-2, B = 2-3, C = 1-3. 113 rehuarvoltaan oli vuoden 1970 ruoho, heikointa vuosien 1972 ja 1973.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71907", "words": "3633", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta", "title": "Nurmis\u00e4il\u00f6rehukokeita maatilasiiloissa 2. Kivenn\u00e4ispitoisuuden muutokset ja s\u00e4il\u00f6nt\u00e4tappiot ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; grass; kuin; mineral; oli; olivat; ruohon; taulukko; v\u00e4lill\u00e4", "summary": "Esimerkkin\u00e4 eroista mainit- takoon, ett\u00e4 vuonna 1970 sek\u00e4 kalsiumin ett\u00e4 fosforin tappio oli 25 % ja vuonna 1973 11 ja 10%. Ruohon kivenn\u00e4iskoostumus 1., 2. ja 3. korjuukertana.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71908", "words": "6576", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa; Saloniemi, Hannu; Laalahti, Leena", "title": "Composition and volume of the rumen microbiota of sheep fed on grass silage with different sucrose, starch and cellulose supplements", "date": "1976", "keywords": "carbohydrate; cellulose; cellulose diets; ciliates; diets; rumen; silage; silage diets; starch; starch diets; sucrose; sucrose diets; supplements; total", "summary": "Less attention has been paid to the effect of adding sugars or other readily available carbohydrates as an energy source for rumen microorganisms in silage diets. Diets consisting only of silage Diets also containing carbohydrate supplements AIV X Formic Viher AIV Formic Viher acid solution acid solution Total ciliates 516.74 483.13 532.62 488.84 526.96 535.29 Charon 288.10 251.53 266.72 248.15 250.29 266.63 Entodinium vorax 0.34\u201c 1.30\u00bb 0.28a 0.78 0.90 0.91 E. longinucleatum 3.00 4.08 3.40 3.29 4.56 4.50 E. triacum 2.84* 4.11\u00bb 24.34\u00bb 1.46\u00bb 2.08\u00bb 11.38\u00bb E. caudatum 2.50 1.64 2.63 7.44 6.21 5.46 E. loboso-spinosum 4.42 2.50 4.36 5.36 6.68 4.82 E. nanellum 27.71 31.20 29.19 30.30 36.28 32.57 E. dubardi 160.10 161.82 176.90 166.84 190.06 178.62 Diplodinium dentatum 2.72 2.38 3.00 2.48 2.77 2.03 Eudiplodinium maggii 0.80 1.26 1.51 1.87 1.19 1.39 E. affine 5.99 3.46 5.28 4.79\u00bb 4.35\u00bb 10.10\u00bb E. neglectum 3,67 5.47 1.76 1.88\u00bb 4.77\u00bb 1.14\u00bb Polyplastron multivesiculatum 2.38 1.88 1.64 3.36 3.68 3.08 Enopoplastron triloricatum 12.17 10.50 11.61 10.84 13.14 12.66 Bacteria 35.02 35.14 35.57 33.68 34.45 35.02 Statistical analysis performed separately for diets consisting only of silage and for diets also containing carbohydrate supplements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71909", "words": "1316", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kreula, Matti; Rauramaa, Aino", "title": "Transfer of formaldehyde from feed to milk during the feeding of fresh cut grass treated with formaldehyde-containing preservative ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "formaldehyde; test", "summary": "Formaldehyde contents in faeces (mg/kg) during the test (3/9) and post-test (11/9) periods. Formaldehyde contents in urine (mg/kg) during the pre-test (24/8), test (28/8 and 4/9) and post-test (11/9) periods Cow number 24/8 28/8 4/9 11/9 146 0.7 19 24 1.3 147 0.7 26 22 1.3 151 0.8 23 16 1.2 154 1.3 21 18 1.3 156 0 19 21 1.5 158 1.0 20 26 1.6 We wish to express our best thanks to Dr. Vappu Kossila and the personnel of the Agricultural Research Centre who participated in the study under her direction, for the organisa- tion of the experiment, and also for the data on feed intake and milk yield.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71910", "words": "4033", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Varo, Mikko; Hellman, Tapani", "title": "Perusteluja p\u00e4ssien fenotyyppitestaukselle ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "arvioivat; carcass; ett\u00e4; koska; kuin; lihakkuuden; lihakkuutta; liham\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n; m.l.d; meat; mutta; my\u00f6s; ominaisuudet; ovat; paino; parhaiten; poikkileikkauspinta; points; p\u00e4\u00e4n; ruhon; sek\u00e4; selitysasteet; selk\u00e4lihaksen; selk\u00e4lihas; teuraspaino; thigh; traits; voidaan; weight", "summary": "Samassa tarkoituksessa on tutkittu my\u00f6s teuraspainon, p\u00e4\u00e4n ja sis\u00e4elinten merkityst\u00e4 lihakkuuden ja liham\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n osoittajina. Bo*** ja o.97***.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71911", "words": "2675", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Kaukovirta, Erkki; Murto, Outi", "title": "Ethephonin vaikutus marjojen irtoamiseen ja kypsymiseen er\u00e4iss\u00e4 Suomessa viljellyiss\u00e4 herukkalajikkeissa ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "br\u00f6dtorp; days; effects; ennen; ethephon; fruit; harvest; hort; j\u00e4lkeen; k\u00e4sittelyn; lehtien; marjojen; oli; ppm; taulukko; vaikutus", "summary": "Vaikutus marjojen kypsymiseen Ingram (1973) katsoo ethephonin k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 saatavan mustaherukalla selvim- m\u00e4n hy\u00f6dyn siin\u00e4, ett\u00e4 se edist\u00e4\u00e4 marjojen kypsymist\u00e4 ja mahdollistaa siten aikaisen poiminnan ja v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 raakojen marjojen osuutta. ja punaherukan marjojen irtoamiseen ennen korjuuta (pylv\u00e4\u00e4n alaosa) ja ravitettaessa (pylv\u00e4\u00e4n yl\u00e4osa).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71912", "words": "2809", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Rautap\u00e4\u00e4, Jorma; Myllym\u00e4ki, Arvo; Siltanen, Hilkka; Mattinen, Veijo", "title": "Endrin, DDT and PCB\u2019s in Finnish soils ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "ddt; endrin; pcb; ppm; residues; samples; soil", "summary": "Results The highest residues of endrin in forest soils were 0.2 ppm and 0.13 ppm (samples 11 and 13, Table 1), and in garden soils 0.13 and 0.1 ppm (samples 18 and 20). The highest endrin residue in forest soils, 0.2 ppm in sample 11 (Table 1), is equal to 0.4 kg of endrin in an area of one hectare in a layer of 20 cm (= 2 million kg of soil).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71913", "words": "2998", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Cellulase digestion technique compared with the in vitro digestibility of forages ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "cellulase; clover; couch; digestibility; digestion; grass; mixture; technique", "summary": "Abe et al. (1973) used 4, 8 and 12 hours cellulase digestion periods and found excellent correlations between cellulase digestibility and in vivo digestibility, as teh values r = 99,7, 99.9, 99.7 respectively and p<o.ol show. Raw values of cellulase digestibility and in vitro digestibility (%) of a clover-grass mixture and couch grass at different stages of maturity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71914", "words": "3570", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Jaakkola, Antti; Sir\u00e9n, Matti J.", "title": "Factors affecting the availability to radishes of cadmium added to soil ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "cadmium; carbon; content; material; pot; soil; tops; uptake", "summary": "The cadmium contents of plants have been used for assessing the availability of soil cadmium by John et al. (1972) and Haghiri (1974). The increase in cadmium content (A c) of the radish tops, which increase was regarded here as describing best the availability of added cadmium, varied in the plough layer material from 2.2 to 27.1 mg/kg and in the subsoil material from 4.3 to 94.9 mg/kg Cd on a dry matter basis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71915", "words": "40312", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Roivainen, Osmo", "title": "Transmission of cocoa viruses by mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "aat; acquisition; beans; cocoa; cocoa res; cocoa seedlings; cocoa virus; cssv; cssv 1a; days; experiment; fasting; feeding; food; hours; infection rate; inst; isolate; length; mealybugs; nymphs; p. njalensis; plants; posnette; rep; seedlings; source plants; table; test; test plants; time; uptake; virus; virus source; virus symptoms; virus transmission; viruses", "summary": "Number of nymphs Infection Infection rate, y per test plant rate % \u00b1 error1 ) 1 55/230 23.9 \u00b1 5.7 23.9 2 39/108 36.1 \u00b1 9.5 20.1 3 38/65 58.5 \u00b1 12.7 25.4 4 44/82 53.7 \u00b1 11.4 17.5 5 33/52 63.5 \u00b1 14.0 18.3 6 37/50 74.0 \u00b1 13.2 20.1 7 41/56 73.2 \u00b1 12.5 17.2 8 27/36 75.0 \u00b1 15.5 15.9 9 17/21 81.0 \u00b1 17.0 16.8 10 17/19 89.5 \u00b1 16.4 20.2 J) 95 % confidence limits for a proportion corrected for continuity. 3.9.3 Using each mean value of p* (Table 30, lA\u2014 BD), infection rate estimates were calculated for 1,2, 3,4, 5 and 8 nymphs per test plant as follows: Number of nymphs Infection rate (%) according to p* Range of per test plant A B C D A\u2014D 1 9.9 14,7 23.5 43.6 33,7 2 18.7 27.1 41.2 63.9 45.2 3 26.7 37.5 54.8 74.5 47.8 4 33.9 46.2 65.1 80.9 47.0 5 40.3 53.5 73.0 85.1 44.8 8 56.0 69.4 87.3 91.7 35.7 Assuming that 100 test plants were used in each treatment (IA \u2014 BD), and rounding off the decimals, the following infection rates and chi-squares can be obtained (Table 31).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71916", "words": "3632", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Rinne, Kalle", "title": "Laidunruohon kemiallinen koostumus eri typpilannoitustasoilla ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "300n; chemical; composition; content; crude; eri; etel\u00e4; ett\u00e4; fibre; herbage; h\u00e4meen; koeasemalla; kokeessa; laidunruohon; mutta; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; pitoisuus; pohjois; protein; savon; sen; typpilannoituksella; v\u00e4lill\u00e4", "summary": "Ruohon eri ominaisuuksien v\u00e4liset korrelaatiot (taulukot 2, 3 ja 4) Selvimm\u00e4t korrelaatiot vallitsivat raakavalkuais- ja raakakuitupitoisuuk- sien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 sek\u00e4 raakavalkuaisen ja typett\u00f6mien uuteaineiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. ja elokuussa ja laski taas jonkinverran syyskuussa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71917", "words": "4887", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Hellman, Tapani; Ojala, Matti; Varo, Mikko", "title": "The use of ultrasonics in phenotype testing of rams", "date": "1976", "keywords": "area; fat; group; meat; mld; rams; weight", "summary": "Ad libitum group (n = 51) Trait MLD MLD area depth surface fat area depth surface fat abs. Restricted group Ad libitum group n= 63 n= 55 diff.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71918", "words": "2624", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Mustranta, Antti; Kiesvaara, Martti; Kuusi, Taina", "title": "Avomaakurkkujen pektolyyttisist\u00e4 muutoksista korjuukauden aikana ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "bock; cucumber; eri; kuiva; kurkun; oli; olivat; satokauden; sek\u00e4; size; superb; todettiin; v\u00e4lill\u00e4", "summary": "T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n avomaankurkun pektiini- materiaalin ja pektolyyttisten entsyymien muutoksia kasvun aikana ja nii- den suhdetta konsistenssiin. Satokaudet 1973 ja 1974 poikkesivat ilmastollisesti varsin paljon toisistaan.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71919", "words": "4183", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Jaakkola, Antti; Yl\u00e4ranta, Toivo", "title": "The role of the quality of soil organic matter in cadmium accumulation in plants ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "cadmium; carex; carex clay; clay; experiment; peat; pot; soil; sphagnum; sphagnum clay", "summary": "https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=uurEk0XlQI5Lwwd1.A-S5fApEWmUX81bMp_zAqg.iBPzkhU3mSxfpdjHqdKwEsQbys91CZbAzLtq2ohEa7bvOwE52YLR0to2jDbYxCQBHDNkgHyCpL8I-s2HRKO0BDBJyqDHaY4aScrTbBErwDnEF61k_7Flo_lPrQJQzc5emHyrkKx4m7_rRufcSxlHfw7uyp2TZZvWNFzdvm2mGmMs05LDIU17-rizAXgSOjFXr-8urA 416 to what extent the type of organic matter affects the retention and availability to plants of added cadmium. Percentage of added cadmium extractable with 1 N HCI.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71920", "words": "2195", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hirn, Jorma; Stabel-Taucher, Ruth; Pekkanen, Timo", "title": "The occurrence of bromine in some Finnish and imported vegetables determined by a polarographic method ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "bromide; lettuce; ppm; samples; solution; vegetables; water", "summary": "Number of samples with bromide residues within given ranges Bromide residues Conserved Lettuce Tomato Cucumber Chinese Straw mg/kg* vegetables gabbage berry < 2.00 17 8 2 5 3 4 2.00- 4.99 3 2 4 10 0 5.00- 9.99 0 10 0 0 0 10.00-49.99 0 6 0 0 0 0 550.00 0 3 0 0 0 0 Bromide residues in vegetable crops after soil fumigation with methyl bromide.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71921", "words": "6108", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Ettala, Terttu; Kreula, Matti", "title": "Urinary nitrogen compounds in dairy cows fed urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "contents; cows; creatinine; excretion; feed; nitrogen; total; ulp; urea; urea nitrogen; urine", "summary": "329 330 cant difference between peanut meal and urea as to their effect on the amoun* of urinary nitrogen excretion, and on the nitrogen balance. According to Paque et al. (1973) the amount of urinary nitrogen excretion is also influenced by the amount of digestible dry matter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71922", "words": "1660", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Virri, Kalevi; Sippola, Jouko", "title": "Vaihtuvasta magnesiumista Lounais-Suomen viljellyiss\u00e4 savimaissa ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "clay; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; korrelaatio; lohja; magnesiumin; n\u00e4ytteiden; n\u00e4ytteiss\u00e4; ovat; soil; taulukko; vammala", "summary": "Magnesiumia tulee viljelysmaihin my\u00f6s lan- noitteissa ja kalkitusaineissa ja t\u00e4ten voidaan vaihtuvien kationien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4- suhteisiin vaikuttaa. Magnesiumin osuus vaihtokapasiteetista eli magnesiumkyll\u00e4stysaste on Lohjan alueella keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 20\u201437 % ja Vammalan alueella 15\u201435 %, ollen muokkauskerroksessa alhaisin ja pohjamaassa korkein (taulukko 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71923", "words": "1825", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Varis, Anna-Liisa", "title": "Effect of acidification of insecticide sprays in pest control of sugar beet seedlings ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "beet; solutions; spray; sugar; treatment", "summary": "The interaction pH x treatment was significant in plant weight (F = 3.17*, Table 3), which was higher in formetanate treatment when the spray liquid was neutral than in acidified sprays of the same treatment. The amount of spray solution was 40 ml/m 2 .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71924", "words": "3217", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kivi, E. I.; Hovinen, S.", "title": "A mutation breeding programme for sprouting resistance in bread wheat ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "breeding; lines; mutants; ruso; sprouting; variety", "summary": "The distribution of mutant lines in advanced M generations as affected by the basis for selection in M 3 or M 3. Mutant lines in generation (year) Base of selection M 6 Mg MlO Symbol 1) (1971) (1973) (1975) Morphological deviation m 31 4 1 Nevertheless, in accordance with the initial idea of the breeding programme, most of the attention was focused on the mutants with a similar growing time to that of Ruso wheat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71925", "words": "2423", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kreula, Matti; Ettala, Terttu", "title": "Rehujen rikkipitoisuuksista ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "aineesta; eri; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kuin; kuiva; ollut; ovat; pohjois; rikin; rikki\u00e4; samples; sis\u00e4lt\u00e4neet; suhde; sulphur; s\u00e4il\u00f6rehujen; typen", "summary": "Verrattaessa saatuja rikkipitoisuuksia niihin lukuihin, joita NRC:n ja NJF:n asiantuntijaryhm\u00e4 ovat rikin tarpeesta esitt\u00e4neet, nimitt\u00e4in lypsylehmille 0.20 % ja lihakarjalle ja lampaille 0.10 % kuiva-aineesta, voidaan todeta, ettei- v\u00e4t tutkitut rehut, harvoja yksitt\u00e4isi\u00e4 poikkeuksia lukuunottamatta, ole sis\u00e4lt\u00e4neet rikki\u00e4 suositeltua m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4. S\u00e4il\u00f6rehun\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 on ollut vuodelta 1974 59 ja vuodelta 1975 798 n\u00e4ytett\u00e4, ruohon\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 vastaavasti 28 ja 32 sek\u00e4 hein\u00e4n\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 vuodelta 1975 105 ja vuodelta 1976 20 yhteisn\u00e4ytett\u00e4, joista kukin on sis\u00e4lt\u00e4nyt 20 maatilan hein\u00e4\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71926", "words": "9130", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "T\u00f6rm\u00e4l\u00e4, Timo; Raatikainen, Mikko", "title": "Primary production and seasonal dynamics of the flora and fauna of the field stratum in a reserved field in Middle Finland ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "aboveground; area; biomass; detritus; field; green; maximum; method; production; samples; sampling; species; spp; study; summer; vegetation; vii; viii", "summary": "The standing crops of green vegetation field stratum, herbivores and carnivores were 328, 1.0 and 0.06 g/ma . The total area of reserved fields was 182 211 ha and the area of forested fields was 22 056 ha.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71927", "words": "3445", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "Consumption of agricultural products in Finland in 1985 ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "butter; capita; consumption; forecasts; income; milk; price; products", "summary": "Even though milk consumption is rather price inelastic (Kallio 1974), the rise in real milk price may also lower consumption somewhat. For some years the price ratio has been kept constant but this has not succeeded in preventing the decline of butter consumption.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71928", "words": "41153", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Nevala, Markku", "title": "An Econometric model for the Finnish egg industry ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "coefficients; consumption; egg industry; egg producers; egg production; eggs; equation; equation model; equilibrium price; estimation; estimation period; feed price; government; kk t; model; model building; net; number; period t; periods; policy alternative; policy analyses; policy directions; policy goals; policy makers; policy mix; policy policy; policy simulation; price changes; price level; price policy; price system; producer price; producers; production response; response model; study; t =; target price; time; total; values; variables", "summary": "As to the development of egg prices, the recent trend has been based mainly on the government\u2019s intervention in the egg market in order to regulate the price level. Adopting that policy program has certainly stabilized the fluctuations of egg prices which were typical and frequent before the interven- tion of the government in the egg market (See Kaarlehto 1964, p. 382\u2014390).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71929", "words": "34650", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Mukula, Jaakko; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Anneli", "title": "Ly\u00f6tist\u00e4 Ly\u00f6ttil\u00e4ksi er\u00e4\u00e4n kaakkois-h\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4isen kyl\u00e4n vanhinta asutushistoriaa ", "date": "1976", "keywords": "1/12; aikaan; aikaisemmin; aikana; akselinpojan; alhaisten; alkaen; alue; alueen; aluetta; alunperin; arvid; asui; asutuksen; carolus; eerik; eik\u00e4; eiv\u00e4t; eli; elim\u00e4en; ennen; en\u00e4\u00e4; erkki; er\u00e4\u00e4n; esiintyi; esittiv\u00e4t; ettei; ett\u00e4; fig; halila; haltuunsa; heid\u00e4n; heikki; henrik; historia; hollolan; h\u00e4meen; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; ii koa; ilmeisesti; isoajakoa; isonjaon; is\u00e4nn\u00e4ksi; itse; ja ett\u00e4; ja koa; ja ky\u00f6peril\u00e4n; ja litin; ja oli; ja pappilan; ja sen; ja t\u00e4m\u00e4; ja va; ja vuonna; jaakko; jaalan; jakaantui; jakokunnan; johdolla; joka; joka oli; jossa; jota; juuri; j\u00e4lkeen; kaksi; kanssa; kanta; kantatalojen; kappalainen; kartanon; kauramaan; keltin; kesken; kihlakunnantuomion; kimolan; kimolan ja; kirkkoherra; klmka; koa; koko; kokonaisuudessaan; koska; koukkuluku; koukun; kruunun; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kurjalan; kustaa; kuten; kuulunut; kuva; kymentaustanmaan; kymijoen; kysymys; ky\u00f6peril\u00e4l\u00e4iset; ky\u00f6peril\u00e4n; k\u00e4r\u00e4j\u00e4t; laamannink\u00e4r\u00e4j\u00e4t; lasse; laurinpojan; lienee; lis\u00e4ksi; litin; litin k\u00e4r\u00e4j\u00e4t; litti; lopulla; luettiin; luvulla; luvun; ly\u00f6ttil\u00e4l\u00e4iset; ly\u00f6ttil\u00e4n; ly\u00f6ttil\u00e4n ja; ly\u00f6ttil\u00e4ss\u00e4; maakirjaan; maakirjassa; maanjako; maanmittari; mahdollisesti; mainittu; manttaalia; marjaniemen; martti; maunu; med; merkittiin; merkitty; mha; mukaan; mutta; my\u00f6hemmin; my\u00f6s; n :o; niiden; niin; niityt; nimekseen; nimens\u00e4; nimi; nuutti; nykyisin; nyt; n\u00e4in; n\u00e4ist\u00e4; n\u00e4m\u00e4; och; oikeuden; oikeudessa; oikeus; ole; olevan; oli; oli kuitenkin; oli siis; oli vuonna; olisi; olivat; olla; ollut; oravalan; osa; osan; otti; ovat; paitsi; pappilalle; pappilan; pekanpojan; pekka; perusteella; pietari; pilkanmaan; pilkanmaan ja; porvoo ja; puolestaan; pyh\u00e4j\u00e4rven; pyh\u00e4niemen; radansuun; raja; rajojen; ratsutilan; saakka; saanut; sai; samaan; se oli; sek\u00e4; sen; seuraavan; seuraavasti; siihen; siis; siit\u00e4; sijaan; sijaitsi; sill\u00e4; sitten; som; suomen; syntyi; s\u00e4ilynyt; taas; tai; talo oli; talojen; talon; talosta; tavastin; tili; toinen; toiseen; tontti; tosin; tuli; tuomas; tuomion; tuomiossa; tuomittiin; t\u00e4h\u00e4n; t\u00e4ll\u00e4; t\u00e4ll\u00f6in; t\u00e4m\u00e4; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; t\u00e4t\u00e4; ursinus; uudelleen; uudenkyl\u00e4n; uudenkyl\u00e4n ja; uudenkyl\u00e4n k\u00e4r\u00e4j\u00e4t; uudistila; va hollola; va maanjako; va porvoo; vaan; vain; vanhan; vasta; vastaan; vastasi; verolle; verotalosta; viel\u00e4; viite; viittaa; vrt; vuoden; vuodesta; vuoksi; vuonna; vuosina; vuoteen; vuotta; v\u00e4lill\u00e4; v\u00e4lisen; v\u00e4\u00e4rtin; yhteydess\u00e4; yksi; \u00e4yri\u00e4", "summary": "Radansuuta sek\u00e4 Radansuun ja Keltin v\u00e4lisen ja Ly\u00f6ttil\u00e4n ja Ky\u00f6peril\u00e4n v\u00e4lisen alueen. a. Pappila erotetaan Pappilan ja Ly\u00f6ttil\u00e4n v\u00e4list\u00e4 isojakoprosessia on Aarno Rinnemaa aikai- semmin (1971) selvitt\u00e4nyt yksityiskohtaisesti.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71930", "words": "34519", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Puolanne, Eero", "title": "Der einfluss von verringerten nitrit- und nitratzus\u00e4tzen auf die eigenschaften der rohwurst", "date": "1977", "keywords": "0,3; 1973; aber; allerdings; als; als bei; arbeiten; auch; auf; auf das; auf den; aureus; aus; bakterien; bei den; bei zusatz; beim; bild; bildung; bzw; dann; dass; dass bei; dass der; dass eine; dem; den gdl; den nitrit; den starterkultur; den wiirsten; der; der ph; der zugesetzten; des; die; die wiirste; diese; drei; durch; eigenschaften der; eine; einfluss; einsatz; ergebnisse; ersten; etwa; farbe; festgestellt; fiir; fleischwaren; fox; gdl; haben; hatte; h\u00f6heren; iibrigen; ist; jedoch; keime; kn0; lag; laktobazillen; meat; mehr; menge; mikrokokken; mirna; mit; mit der; mit nitrit; nach; nach der; nan0; nicht; niedrigeren; nitratmenge; nitratzusatz; nitrit; nitrit und; nitritbzw; nitritgehalt; noch; nur; nurmi; oder; ohne; ppm; ppm auf; ppm und; proc; review; rohwurst; sausage; sehr; sich; siehe; signifikant; sind; sowie; starterkultur; stickoxidmyoglobin; tabelle; tag; tage; temperatur; u.a; umr\u00f6tung; und; und auf; und bei; und der; und die; unter; unterschiede; untersuchung; vergleichenden; versuchen; versuchsreihe; vom; von; von der; von gdl; von nitrit; von ph; wachstum; wachstum der; wachstum von; war; waren; werden; wert; wiirste; wird; wirkung; wurde; wurst; wursten; zeigten; zeit; zum; zur; zusatz; zusatz von; zwischen; zwischen den", "summary": "Auf der Basis der von den Standardl\u00f6sungen gelieferten Korrekturfaktoren wurde dann der Nitrat- und Nitritgehalt derProbe berechnet. 50 ppm NaN0 2 und 75 ppm KN0 3 Foto 2, Die Farbe von drei Tage alten Wiirsten.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71931", "words": "21247", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, Esko", "title": "The effect of some gram-negative bacteria on the ripening and quality of dry sausage", "date": "1977", "keywords": "aeromonas; bacteria; consistency; control; control sausages; days; effect; flavour; gram; group; lactobacilli; lactobacillus group; lactobacillus number; lactobacillus sausages; mean; micrococcus; negative; nitrate; number; ripening; s.d.m; samples; sausage group; starter; strains; table; value", "summary": "Keller and Meyer (1954) inoculated dry sausages with 5 Escherichia, 2 Alcaligenes, 1 Pseudomonas and 2 Achromobacter strains and found one Escherichia strain to have an especially favourable effect on the flavour of dry sausage, this being caused by fat breakdown products. The flavour of Aeromonas x + Lactobacillus sausages was better at the 0.05 level than Micrococcus Lactobacillus sausages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71932", "words": "3213", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "K\u00e4\u00e4ntee, Esa", "title": "Suomalaisten l\u00e4mminveristen kilpailukuntoisten ravihevosten veriarvoista ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "arvot; cpk; g/100; hbr; hevosten; oli; olivat; ollessa; ovat; sap; seerumin; sek\u00e4; serum; sgot; stp; suorituskyvyn; values; veter; yhteydess\u00e4", "summary": "Verenpunasolukonsentra- tion nopeat vaihtelut eri tekij\u00f6iden, kuten hermostuneisuuden johdosta aiheut- tavat suuria poikkeamia Hb,-arvoihin, vaikka n\u00e4ytteenotto-olosuhteet ja mene- telm\u00e4t olisivatkin standardisoidut. Rutiinitarkastusten yhteydess\u00e4 paljastuneet useat lannehalvaus- ja tying up-tapaukset selitt\u00e4v\u00e4t aineistossa esiintyneen suuren SGOT-arvojen vaihtelun (80\u20144 500 KU).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71933", "words": "3802", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Juha; Poutiainen, Esko; Luoma, P\u00e4ivi", "title": "Sokeri- ja valkuaislis\u00e4 korkeatuottoisten lypsylehmien v\u00e4kirehussa nurmis\u00e4il\u00f6rehuruokinnalla ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "aikana; grass; groups; j\u00e4lkeen; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kokeen; kuiva; merkitsev\u00e4sti; mg-%; oli; olivat; plasman; poikimisen; poikimisesta; ryhm\u00e4; ryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4; sek\u00e4; sy\u00f6nti; s\u00e4il\u00f6rehun", "summary": "Alhainen rehun sy\u00f6nti, s\u00e4il\u00f6rehun ja kivenn\u00e4isrehun alhainen Mg-pitoisuus (1.5 %), aiheuttivat Mg-vajauksen. Lehmien ruokintanormeina k\u00e4ytettiin tuotantorehun osalta 0.4 ry ja 60 g srv per 4-%:inen maitokilo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71934", "words": "1368", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "The carbohydrate composition and nutritive value of forages ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "composition; digestibility; forages; grasses; hemicellulose", "summary": "On the other hand, the percentage of plant acids mainly malic and glycerolic acids is more than double that of grasses. In sugar content the clovers take second place to the grasses, but at the same time they have a very high content of plant acids, which also may increase the palatability.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71935", "words": "3032", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kreula, M.; Ettala, T.", "title": "Digestibility and nitrogen balance of the feed of dairy cows with urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "cows; day; digestibility; feed; matter; nitrogen", "summary": "In test cow Aino, which preferred cellulose-rich feed, the digestibility percentages were consider- ably lower than in the other cows, that is the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen as well. Digestibility tests on ULP-feed The feed of the ULP-cows contained dried sugar beet pulp, potatoes, oats, dried hemicellulose syrup, 0-fibre, a little straw, fat soluble vitamins and urea to make good the deficiency in protein (Virtanen 1967, 1972; Ettala and Kreula 1976).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71936", "words": "1035", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Rauramaa, Aino; Kreula, Matti", "title": "On the formaldehyde content of the silages prepared with formaldehyde-containing preservative ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "content; formaldehyde; silages", "summary": "Relation between free formaldehyde and lactate contents in silages prepared with Viherliuos in 1975 Formaldehyde mg/kg fresh weight Lactate, % Autumn 1975 Spring 1976 x s n x s n <0.6 195.7 162.0 14 135.0 93.3 11 0.6-1.79 84.4 40.0 18 78.5 182.3 51 1.8-2.19 63.6 39.7 7 38.9 87.9 52 >2.20 62.6 27.4 5 29.3 11.7 27 According to the results it seems that the amount of free formaldehyde is at its highest in unfermented Viherliuos silages; in some it was so high that after feeding these silages there would be the possibility of the transfer of formaldehyde to milk. Relationship between free formaldehyde content and pH in silages preserved with Viherliuos in 1975.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71937", "words": "2483", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Laakso, Elisa", "title": "The digestibility and nutritive value of sugar beet top silage for sows ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "barley; beet; digestibility; matter; protein; silage; tops", "summary": "The digestibility of beet top silage made from tops harvested with a mower chopper was determined with five adult, pregnant sows. Beet top silage is rich in all required minerals except phosphorus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71938", "words": "4864", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "H\u00e5rdh, J. E.", "title": "Raskasmetallit ravintokasveissa ja maassa ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "contents; kg k; korkeimmat; lettuce; maan; maassa; niiden; olivat; oulun; ovat; pitoisuudet; ppm; p\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4; saksassa; salaatin; sek\u00e4; soil; suomessa; tikkurilassa; todettu; vaikutusta", "summary": "Pb ja Cd. Saksassa on 1 km:n et\u00e4isyydell\u00e4 lyijytehtaasta todettu maassa ruokamultakerroksessa 40 ppm Cd ja 3000 ppm Zn sek\u00e4 6 km:n p\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 tehtaasta 1.0 ppm Cd ja 90 ppm Zn (Vetter et ai. 1973).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71939", "words": "12002", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Hokkanen, Heikki; Raatikainen, Mikko", "title": "Yield, vegetation and succession in reserved fields in Central Finland ", "date": "1977", "keywords": ".03; biomass; fields; finland; kht; leys; meadows; phleum; plant; raatikainen; repens; samples; soil; species; spp; succession; tikkurila; total; type; vegetation; years", "summary": "Soil types and test sites, see app. 1 and 2. Koeala Paikkakunta Viljelymaa Mets\u00e4maa Salaatti Pinaatti Porkkana Puolukka Mustikka Sienet Ruoho Plot Locality Cultivated soil Forest soil Lettuce Spinach Carrot Lingonberries Blueberries Mushrooms Grass No x x x x xxxx x 1 Helsinki 21.1 (12.7-29.3) 12.1 (4.1-20.0) 14,6 (7.4-36.6) 4.9 (3.2-6.7) 2 Tikkurila 19,1 (17.4-20.7) 13.0 (12.4-13.6) 6.0 (-) 4.0 (1.1-6.8) 17.1 (-) 3 Tikkurila 29.5 (22.3-36.6) 32.5 (-) 5.8 (5.7-5.9) 4 Tikkurila 22.0 (20.2-23.8) 40.8 (-) 13.8 (-) 5.8 (5.8) 5 Tikkurila 37.3 (30.5-44,0) 28.0 (2.8-53.1) 11.0 (8.3-13.6) 4.1 (3.4-4.7) 6 Tikkurila 47.6 (46.2-49.0) 25.3 (24.2-26.3) 10.8 (10.8) 6.9 (4.8-5.9) 16.2 (-) 11.2 (7.9-14.5) 8 Pertunmaa 17.7 (12.7-22.7) 2.1 (1.3- 2.9) 5.5 (-) 4.0 (2.9-4.9) 5,4 (-) 42.1 (1.2-82,9) 5.4 (4.6- 6.2) 9 Punkasalmi 12.1 (8.6-15,4) 3,8 (2.0- 9.5) 6.6 (1.7-11.4) 8.7 (6.4-11.1) 2.3 (2.3) 10 Puumala 16.0 (14.5-17.4) 12.2 (9.3-15.1) 7.3 (6.2- 8.3) 4.1 (2.7-5.4) 11 Soil types, see appendix 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71940", "words": "4478", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Tiihonen, Paavo; Poutiainen, Esko", "title": "Grass intake and behaviour of young calves fed on pasture or zero-grazing ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "calves; cut; digestibility; fed; grass; herbage; intake; matter; observation; pasture; period; time", "summary": "The digestibility of organic matter of pasture grass was I\u20144 %-units higher than that of cut grass. With the clipping method the average intake of pasture grass was 1355 g DM per animal per day and with the indicator technique 2061 g.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71941", "words": "3120", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Haman, Franti\u0161ek", "title": "Effects of percolating water with graduated acidity upon the leaching of nutrients and the changes in some chemical properties of mineral soils ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "clay; content; soils; solutions; water", "summary": "It should be mentioned that this effect de- pends also upon the clay content of the soil, since in soil A (fine sand) the acidification was more significant than in soils B (loam) and C (clay loam). In soil C (clay loam) there was an apparent tendency for the con- centration of nitrates in extracts to decrease with the increasing acidity of percolating water.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71942", "words": "3079", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Kreula, Matti; Ettala, Terttu", "title": "On the amino acids in the urine of dairy cows fed urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "acids; amino; cows; feed; norp; urine", "summary": "mg amino acid/1 urine Amino O-feed ULP-feed NorP-indoor NorP-pasture acid feed feed n=lon\u2014lo n = 9 n = 9 Cys (03 H) 1.4 ; !; 1.7 2.5 \u00b1 1.0 6.8 \u00b1 2.3 3.3 \u00b1 1.5 Tau 2.7 \u00b1 2.0 5.4 \u00b1 7.9 51.2 \u00b1 16.7 15.9 \u00b1 24.2 Asp 1.6 \u00b1 1.6 2.5 \u00b1 2.2 5.1 \u00b1 3.6 3.9 \u00b1 3.1 Tlir (Asu + Gin) 3.5 \u00b1 3.5 11.3 \u00b1 11.2 23.4 \u00b1 11.7 18.7 \u00b1 9.9 Gin 0 1.0 db 1-4 0 3.4 \u00b1 3.4 Ser 2.0 \u00b1 1.5 6.8 \u00b1 7.1 8.5 \u00b1 4.4 14.4 \u00b1 15.8 Hse 0 0.5 \u00b1 0.9 0 0.8 \u00b1 0.7 Glu 21.3 4; 21.2 23.9 \u00b1 20.5 10.8 \u00b1 12.2 21.9 \u00b1 22.4 Pro 0 0 0.4 \u00b1 1.3 0.6 \u00b1 0.8 Cit 1.7 \u00b1 2.0 1.4 \u00b1 2.9 0 2.4 \u00b1 2.4 Gly 5.2 \u00b1 5.7 15.7 \u00b1 10.1 14.0 \u00b1 10.2 568.1 \u00b1 986.3 Ala 2.2 \u00b1 1.8 10.8 \u00b1 10.3 13.1 \u00b1 7.0 36.6 \u00b1 53.1 Cys 1.7 \u00b1 3.3 1.9 \u00b1 2.2 4.0 \u00b1 2.3 3.1 \u00b1 3.8 Vai 0.6 \u00b1 1.2 0.4 \u00b1 0.6 1.2 \u00b1 1.1 0.9 \u00b1 0.9 Met 1.1 \u00b1 1.6 0 2.5 \u00b1 1.8 0", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71943", "words": "3887", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Matikkala, Eino; Kreula, Matti", "title": "Studies on the sulfur metabolism of cows on protein-free and low-protein feed ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "contents; cows; feed; milk; rumen; sulfate; sulfur; total; ulp", "summary": "Cow and Urinary sulfur, Faecal sulfur, Milk sulfur, number %of excreted %of excreted %of excreted of trial sulfur sulfur sulfur 0-cow Oona: Total sulfur Total sulfate sulfur Feed No. of Milk Blood Plasma Milk Blood Plasma cows mg/g mg/ml mg/ml mg/g mg/ml mg/ml 0 2 0.36 (8) 1.24 (8) 1.06 (6) 0.027 (8) 0.105 (8) 0.278 (6) 0.34-0.39 1.13-1.35 1.03-1.08 0.021-0.032 0.078-0.138 0.255-0.304 ULP 4 0.33 (6) 1.32 (9) 1.11 (6) 0.033 (6) 0.111 (9) 0.310 (6) 0.30-0.36 1.08-1.52 1.05-1.15 0.029-0.036 0.083-0.131 0.294-0.328 NorP 6 1.23 (6) 1.06 (4) 0.116 (6) 0.318 (4) 1.18-1.36 1.03-1.13 0.103-0.130 0.307-0.340 sulfur efficiently.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71944", "words": "2311", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Lindstr\u00f6m, U. B.", "title": "Evaluation of animal and veterinary science teaching at the University of Nairobi ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "instruction; scores; subjects; teaching; year", "summary": "Different Aspects of Teaching In order to get a more detailed picture of the quality of teaching, each subject was viewed from four different aspects. The use and quality of teaching material was generally rated lower than theoretical instruction, as were examinations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71945", "words": "5828", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "Effect of added magnesium, potassium, lime and nitrogen on oats: I. Yields ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "grain; magnesium; magnesium fertilization; nitrogen; potassium; rate; straw; year; yields", "summary": "PH H2 O 4.2 PH KCI 3.9 Density 60 g/dm3 Ignition loss 81 % Exchangeable cations Ca2+ 4.1 me/100 g of air-dry peat Mg2+ 4.1 \u00bb \u00bb \u00bb \u00bb K+ 1.4 \u00bb i) i) \u00bb H+ 139.0 \u2022 l .) i Mgx 28.8 d\u00b0r 35.7\u00ab h 36.8ehi 31.7\u00b0'k 39.1 h| J 41.3'J Mg 2 32.4'k 35.1 W 34.4'e\u00bb 33.6r\u00abh 39.4\u00bb>J 43.7J N a Mg0 14.4\u00b0 5.8\u00bb 0.2\u00bb 5.1\u00bb 1.1\u00bb 0.5\u00bb Mgi 30.2ef ff 52.9 1 m 50.21 30.5\u00b0'* 48.7 kI 61.0\u00b0 Mg 2 30.1\u00b0' 46.9 i 44.6Jk 30.6\u00b0'k 44.5J k 56.9 mn 3rd year Nx Mg0 3.4\u00bb 2.4\u00bb 0.5\u00bb 0.3\u00bb 0.1\u00bb Mg x 17.4\u00b0 20.1\u00bb 9.1 18.9\u00b0 28.4 d 28.7", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71946", "words": "7875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "Effect of added magnesium, potassium, lime and nitrogen on oats: II. Nutrient contents, cation ratios and magnesium uptake ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "grains; magnesium; magnesium content; magnesium fertilization; nitrogen; potassium; potassium content; potassium fertilization; rate; straws; year", "summary": "*o 0.7 a*c Mg x I.3c'Bh I.2def\u00ab 0.904 I.7Uk I.7Hk 1.4'8*1 Mg, 1.58*U I.6*U 1.2dorg 2.1*\u00bb 2.0klm 1.81 N, Mg0 0.7a*\u00b0 0.6a*o 0.5 a* I.2iotg o.9c 2.6* 3.7' 2.9*\u00bb 1.6*0 The results of the same year do not differ statistically sigcificantly if the same index letter appears.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71947", "words": "5863", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Tuori, Mikko; Poutiainen, Esko", "title": "A polyol mixture or molasses treated beet pulp in the silage based diet of dairy cows: I. The effect on the feed utilization, milk yield and blood values", "date": "1977", "keywords": "acid; beet; comparison; control; cows; feed; group; intake; milk; mixture; molasses; period; period period; polyol; pulp; yield", "summary": "In the lower half the corresponding values were 19,1, 54,9, and 6,28 for the polyol group, 17,4, 57,4 and 4,64 for molasses group, and 18,0, 59,2, and 4,62 for the control group. For molasses group digestibility of NFE was 78,5 %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71948", "words": "3276", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "R\u00e4s\u00e4nen, Leena; Niinikangas, Johanna", "title": "Nutrition survey of Finnish rural children: V. Seasonal differences in food consumption and nutrient intakes ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "children; consumption; food; intake; milk; roine; summer; winter", "summary": "Milk 573.5 \u00b1 303.8 618.0 \u00b1 270.7 - Sour milk 111.8 \u00b1 191.0 52.3 \u00b1 120.7 ** Cheese 6.7 \u00b1 17.6 6.3 \u00b1 13.8 Other milk products 50.0 \u00b1 67.0 18.0 \u00b1 49.4 *** Butter, margarine, oils 41.4 \u00b1 27.7 43.3 \u00b1 22.7 Eggs 19.2 \u00b1 26.6 25.4 \u00b1 35.8 - Beef 14.1 \u00b1 35.4 7.4 \u00b1 17.9 * Pork 9.3 \u00b1 38.3 16.0 \u00b1 38.6 - Other meats 12.7 \u00b1 26.5 21.9 \u00b1 37.6 * Inner organs and blood 1.8 \u00b1 8.5 12.3 \u00b1 32.1 *** Sausages and other meat products 71.5 4_: 94.4 65.9 \u00b1 77.6 Fish 18.8 \u00b1 45.8 8.9 \u00b1 27.9 \u2022 Rye 86.2 \u00b1 84.5 71.7 \u00b1 67.6 Wheat 77.2 \u00b1 58.8 98.2 \u00b1 72.2 ** Other cereal products 27.3 \u00b1 40.2 16.3 \u00b1 24.3 ** Potatoes 131.5 \u00b1 114.2 142.8 \u00b1 124.6 Roots 13.3 \u00b1 30.1 16.0 \u00b1 34.0 Legumes and nuts 4.9 \u00b1 21.2 7.7 \u00b1 25.4 Other vegetables 92.7 \u00b1 98.9 35.7 \u00b1 51.2 *\u2022* Fruits and berries 133.4 \u00b1 164.5 230.2 \u00b1 207.3 *** Sugar and candy 41.4 \u00b1 32.3 51.4 \u00b1 48.4 * Beverages 236.4 \u00b1 216.2 137.4 \u00b1 198.4 *** Other foods 3.2 \u00b1 5.0 3.0 \u00b1 4.4 - The differences in the consumption of the various food groups in winter and summer had the same trend in the three age groups. Energy, kcal 2 221 \u00b1823 2 256 \u00b1 686 MJ 9.3 \u00b1 3.4 9.4 \u00b1 2.9 - Protein, g 71.1 \u00b1 25.8 72.1 \u00b1 22.3 Fat, g 102.5 \u00b1 47.9 103.5 \u00b1 38.6 Carbohydrate, g 267.0 \u00b1 103.0 272.5 \u00b1 89.9 Calcium, mg 1095 \u00b1430 1080 \u00b1 406 - Iron, mg 11.2 \u00b1 4.8 13.0 \u00b1 6.8 \u2022\u2022 Vitamin A. ret.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71949", "words": "7219", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu; Rintam\u00e4ki, Olli; Antila, Matti; Tuori, Mikko; Poutiainen, Esko", "title": "A polyol mixture or molasses treated beet pulp in the silage based diet of dairy cows: II. The effect on the lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate content of milk and the udder health ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "activity; cell; content; cows; group; lactoperoxidase; milk; molasses; period; polyol; samples; scn; test; test groups; udder", "summary": "of milk XaTest group . Polyol group Molasses group Control group All groups Factor n = 112 n = 112 n = 112 n 336 LP SCN~ LP", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71950", "words": "11287", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Soininen, Arvo", "title": "Maanosituslains\u00e4\u00e4d\u00e4nt\u00f6 Suomen maatalouden pienviljelyvaltaistumiseen vaikuttavana tekij\u00e4n\u00e4: Vuoden 1895 maanositusasetuksen synty ja vaikutus ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "alakomitean; asetus; assessment; enclosure; ett\u00e4; finland; halkomalla; harvio; holdings; isojaon; ja sen; joka; jolloin; j\u00e4rjestelyn; koko; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; lakija; lohkomalla; luvun; l\u00e4\u00e4ni; l\u00e4\u00e4niss\u00e4; maanmittaushallituksen; mukaan; muodostettu; mutta; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n; niiden; niin; ole; oli; olivat; ollut; osalta; ovat; palstatilan; palstatiloja; pinta; province; saakka; sek\u00e4; selv\u00e4sti; sen; siihen; siit\u00e4; sill\u00e4; suomen; taas; tai; tilat; tilattoman; tiloja; tilojen; total; tuli; t\u00e4m\u00e4; unit; uusien; vaasan; vaikka; vain; viel\u00e4; viipurin; voi; voitiin; v\u00e4est\u00f6n; yhteens\u00e4; yhteydess\u00e4", "summary": "Halkomisen ja lohko- misenkin osalta uusien tilojen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 ei suoraan ilmoiteta, mutta se on lasket- tavissa toimituksissa mukana olleiden tilojen ja muodostettujen tilojen erotuk- sena. Kruunu pyrki est\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n erillisten tiluskappaleiden erottamisen tilasta, ja 1670-luvulta alkaen oli voimassa t\u00e4ydellinen tilojen lohkomiskielto.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71951", "words": "3585", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "Feed efficiency and its development in animal production ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "beef; conversion; feed; production; units; use", "summary": "Theoretical feed conversion coefficients, feed use obtainedfrom farm surveys, commercial production of concentrated feed and the total feed yield formed the basic statistics on which the feed balance sheet was built. The estimates of feed use for different animals as obtained from farm surveys seem to overestimate or underestimate the total feed use.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71952", "words": "2152", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Granberg, Leo", "title": "Sianlihan tuotannon lyhytaikaisia vaihteluja selitt\u00e4v\u00e4 ennustemalli ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "edell\u00e4; eri; esim; ett\u00e4; hinta; kuin; malleissa; mallin; model; mutta; muuttuja; muuttujien; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; ole; oli; ovat; production; sianlihan; tuotannon; varsin", "summary": "talouspoliittisten toimenpiteiden vaikutus ja mallin \u00bbkonservatiivisuus\u00bb, ts. Niinp\u00e4 kummassakin mallissa on selitt\u00e4vin\u00e4 muuttujina per\u00e4ti kolme hintamuuttujaa: sianlihan ja perunan hinta sek\u00e4 rehuviljojen hinta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71953", "words": "6079", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Hokkanen, Heikki; Raatikainen, Mikko", "title": "Faunal communities of the field stratum and their succession in reserved fields ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "apion; aspect; communities; community; fauna; fields; leafhopper; number; raatikainen; samples; species; spp; summer", "summary": "JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND 390 Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 49:390-405, 1977 Faunal communities of the field stratum and their succession in reserved fields Heikki Hokkanen and Mikko Raatikainen University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Department of Biology Yliopistonkatu 9, Research on the flora and fauna of reserved fields was started in the University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 in 1973.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71954", "words": "3947", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Jaakkola, Antti", "title": "Effect of fertilizers, lime and cadmium added to soil on the cadmium content of spring wheat ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "cadmium; content; fertilizer; grain; pot; soil; wheat", "summary": "NPK fertilizer for which Kola apatite was used as phosphorus source, cadmium content of the fertilizer 1.5 mg/kg. 2. NPK fertilizer, made in the pilot plant of Kemira using cadmium con- taining rock phosphate from Taiba, cadmium content of the fertilizer 57 mg/kg. 4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71955", "words": "6349", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Lallukka, Ulla; Mukula, Jaakko", "title": "S\u00e4\u00e4olot ja niiden vaikutus kasvintuotantoon Etel\u00e4-Suomessa 1966\u20141976 ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "1966\u20141976; day; elokuun; eritt\u00e4in; etel\u00e4; ett\u00e4; hyvin; j\u00e4i; kasvien; kasvuajan; kasvukauden; kasvukausi; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kuitenkin; lopulla; mutta; my\u00f6s; normaalia; oli; olivat; sadem\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t; sateet; sek\u00e4; sen; sijaan; suomessa; syysviljojen; table; taulukko; tikkurilassa; toukokuun; vasta; vuoksi; vuosina", "summary": "Tammikuu oli erityisen l\u00e4mmin ja runsassateinen ja siten j\u00e4\u00e4poltteen muodostumiselle otollinen. Auringonpaistetuntien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ja haihtuminen kasvu- kauden eri kuukausina on esitetty taulukossa 4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71956", "words": "5609", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu", "title": "Antimicrobial factors in bovine colostrum ", "date": "1977", "keywords": "1976; antibodies; colostrum; content; lzm; milk; milkings", "summary": "Bullen, J. J. Rogers H. J. and Leigh L. 1972. Dixon, F. J., Weigle, W. O. and Vazquez, J. J. 1961.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71957", "words": "26432", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Pehkonen, Aarne", "title": "Accuracy of timing in some time study methods", "date": "1978", "keywords": "accuracy; deviation; emin; equipment; errors; factors; factors material; material; measurement; measuring; measuring accuracy; measuring error; method; model; results; studies; study equipment; study material; table; test; test persons; test results; time studies; time study; times; timing; training; use; value; variables; watch; work measurement; work study", "summary": "Thus the results obtained with the aid of a work study simulator in laboratory conditions may, with certain reservations, be applied also to corresponding measuring situations in normal time studies. In the accuracy comparison of time study methods the following require- ments were placed on the series of events describing the job adopted as the object of the study: 18 The order and duration of the different elements of the series of events must be changeable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71958", "words": "4808", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "T\u00e4htinen, Hilkka", "title": "Nitrogen and potassium fertilization of potato ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "fertilization; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilization; potassium; potato; rate; trials; tubers; yield", "summary": "In the present trials there was no correlation between the yield increase obtained with various nitrogen rates (50\u2014156 kg/ha N) or various potassium rates (42 179 kg/ha K) and the results of the soil tests. An increase in the rate of nitrogen fertilization increased the fraction of 55 mm (and bigger) tubers and decreased the fraction of small (below 40 mm) tubers in the whole crop.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71959", "words": "3969", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa; Syv\u00e4oja, Eeva-Liisa; Boman, Marjatta", "title": "Utilization of untreated and formaldhyde treated skimmilk powder and skimmilk powder-barley pellets by ruminants", "date": "1978", "keywords": "ammonia; diet; formaldehyde; milk; milk powder; pellet; powder; protein; rumen; syrj\u00e4l\u00e4; total", "summary": "The mean number of ciliate cells (n x 103 ) per ml of rumen content of cows on different diets. 1 = Untreated diet 2 = Formaldehyde treated diet 3 = Pellet diet Fig. pH, ammonia and volatile fat acids in the rumen fluid on different diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71960", "words": "2130", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kreula, M.; Rauramaa, A.; Tegengren, M.", "title": "On the metabolism of benzoic acid by cows on purified protein-free and low-protein feed ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "14c; acid; benzoic; cow; feed; milk", "summary": "The conjugation of feed benzoic acid with glycine is usually quantitative, and it has been observed with rabbits that the reaction 180 rate is independent of the amount of benzoic acid fed (Bray et al. 1951). The capacity of 0-cow Oona to metabolise feed benzoic acid was less complete and slower than that of ULP-cow Euru.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71961", "words": "2289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Salonen, Martti; K\u00e4h\u00e4ri, Jorma", "title": "The nitrogen effect of peat addition in clay soil", "date": "1978", "keywords": "effect; nitrogen; peat; soil", "summary": "% H2O P K Ca Mg Heavy clay 1.23 3.23 - - 6.9 1.5 390 2 520 1 220 Ligno Carex peat 0.46 75.0 2.71 14.7 4.2 2.5 69 1 860 230 The pots were filled with different soils as follows-r Total Clay Peat Portion of peat nitrogen 1 kg 1 kg Soil organic matter and its role in crop production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71962", "words": "2084", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Maijala, Kalle ", "title": "Kotiel\u00e4injalostus kannattaa", "date": "1978", "keywords": "anim; arvo; breeding; eli; esim; ett\u00e4; fmk; huomioon; jalostuksen; jos; kohti; merkityst\u00e4; mutta; my\u00f6s; oli; olisi; prod; voidaan; vuonna; yksityisen", "summary": "Johdanto Kotiel\u00e4inten jalostustiede on teoreettiss\u00e4vyinen mutta k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6nl\u00e4heinen tiede, joka vuorovaikutuksessa k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n kanssa kehitt\u00e4\u00e4 menetelmi\u00e4 tehok- kaaseen kotiel\u00e4intuotantoon soveltuvan el\u00e4inaineksen l\u00f6yt\u00e4miseksi ja paran- tamiseksi. N\u00e4k\u00f6kulman valinta vaikuttaa mm. j\u00e4nne- v\u00e4lin pituuteen ja riskien suuruuteen sek\u00e4 siten kustannusten ja tuottojen arviointiin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71963", "words": "3814", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Persiljan ja porkkanan siemenlevint\u00e4iset sienet Suomessa ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "alternaria; carrot; dauci; lots; oli; persiljan; petroselini; porkkanalla; porkkanan; radicinum; seed; spp; ssa; stemphylium; tiraami", "summary": "Tiivistelm\u00e4 Suomeen tuotavien persiljan ja porkkanan siemenien mukana kulkeutuvien sienien selvitt\u00e4miseksi tutkittiin vuosina 1969\u201475 kaupassa olleista persiljan siemenist\u00e4 36 er\u00e4\u00e4 ja porkkanan siemenist\u00e4 57 er\u00e4\u00e4. ja Stemphylium radicinum-sienien vaikutus persiljan ja porkkanan it\u00e4miseen ja taimien kuolemiseen Jacobsenin id\u00e4tysaltaalla.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71964", "words": "5760", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "M\u00e4lkki, Yrj\u00f6; Nikkil\u00e4, Olavi E.; Aalto, Mauri", "title": "Sipulin koostumus ja aromi sek\u00e4 niihin vaikuttavat tekij\u00e4t ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "acid; allium; aromiaineiden; aromin; content; ett\u00e4; food; hiilihydraattien; j\u00e4lkeen; korkeampi; kuin; kuiva; liukoisten; l\u00e4hes; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilassa; mukaan; muodostuvan; my\u00f6s; ole; oli; ollut; onion; osa; ovat; paloryp\u00e4lehapon; pelkist\u00e4vien; pitoisuuden; pitoisuus; schwimmer; sek\u00e4; sipulin; sokerien; suoritettiin; tai; tapauksissa; tulokset; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; vaikutus; virtanen", "summary": "Paloiteltaessa sipulia kuivausta varten p\u00e4\u00e4see entsyymi kosketuksiin prekursorin kanssa, jonka m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4st\u00e4 t\u00e4ll\u00f6in osa hajoaa v\u00e4litt\u00f6- m\u00e4sti ja syntyneet aromitekij\u00e4t ja paloryp\u00e4lehappo poistuvat suurelta osin kuivattaessa (Schwimmer ym. 1964). Tuleentumisasteen vaikutus Kasvukautena 1969 viljeltiin kantoja P 1, P 5 ja P 8 ulkolavaviljelyn\u00e4 turve- hiekkamultaseoksessa VTT:n elintarvikelaboratoriossa Otaniemess\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71965", "words": "3723", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "M\u00e4lkki, Yrj\u00f6; Heinonen, Sauli", "title": "Voimakasaromisen sipulin pakkaskuivaus ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "acid; aikana; dry; drying; ett\u00e4; fimol; freeze; koska; kuiva; my\u00f6s; noin; odour; oli; onion; pakkaskuivattu; pakkaskuivauksen; paloryp\u00e4lehapon; perusteella; ryv\u00e4ssipuli; sek\u00e4; sipulin; threshold; tuore; vuoden", "summary": "Jokainen esiintuleva maku pyrittiin tunnistamaan ja kunkin maun voimakkuus arvioitiin havaitsemisj\u00e4rjestyksess\u00e4 asteikolla o\u20144, jolla 1 oli heikoin ja 4 voimakkain aistimus. ja t\u00e4st\u00e4 johtuen my\u00f6s aromin profiili ovat erilaisia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71966", "words": "3917", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ettala, Terttu; Kreula, Matti; T\u00e4htinen, Hilkka", "title": "The effect of sulphur deficiency and sulphur fertilisation on the nitrogen compounds of timothy ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "acids; amino; content; fertilisation; nitrogen; protein; sulphur; timothy; trials", "summary": "When nitrogen fertilisation was used without sulphur, the total nitrogen content of timothy increased in all trials, but in spite of this the proportion of protein nitrogen of the total nitrogen in the plants in sulphur-deficient plots decreased. %of total nitrogen %/dm ratio Trial 1 (n = 3) 0 0 1.32 61.4 38.6 8.4 3.1 - 0.10 13.1 48 0 1.59 58.5 41.5 10.1 5.1 0.10 16.0 96 0 1.95 53.8 46.2 11.7 5.0 0.11 18.7 48 34 1.65 61.8 38.2 9.0 3.6 - 0.12 13.7 96 68 1.69 64.5 35.5 8.3 3.3 - 0.13 13.3 Trial 2 (n = 3) 0 0 1.66 50.0 50.0 15.1 6.2 2.3 0.10 17.1 48 0 2.09 39.7 60.3 17.8 7.5 2.3 0.09 17.8 96 0 1.99 42.2 57.8 16.9 6.6 3.4 0.08 24.8 48 34 1.60 63.7 36.3 10.4 3.9 1.9 0.12 13.6 96 68 1.78 61.8 38.2 11.1 4.4 2.8 0.14 12.4 Trials 3 and 4 (n = 3) 0 0 1.22 67.2 32.8 7.3 4.1 6.3 0.13 9.7 48 0 1.37 65.0 35.0 7.4 4.4 2.7 0.12 11.7 96 0 1.69 68.0 32.0 8.5 5.4 2.0 0.14 12.4 48 34 1.48 67.6 32.4 7.8 4.2 2.1 0.13 11.2 96 68 1.65 66.7 33.3 7.4 4.5 2.3 0.14 12.1 141 Table 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71967", "words": "3562", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Syv\u00e4oja, Eeva-Liisa; Kreula, Matti", "title": "The effect of processing treatments on the rumen microbial digestion in vitro of skimmilk powder protein ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "flour; formaldehyde; heat; powder; protein; rumen; skimmilk; solubility; spray", "summary": "The proportion of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) as a percent of the total nitrogen (TN) in in vitro microbial digestion tests with skimmilk powder samples. The microbial degradation of the protein of skimmilk powders manufactured and treated in different ways (high-, medium-, and low-heat spray, instant, roller, formaldehyde-treated spray) and milk powder products (skimmilk powder-wheat flour granules, skimmilk powder-barley flour pellets) was determined in anaerobic, rumen- simulating conditions in vitro.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71968", "words": "3930", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa; Poutiainen, Esko; Koskela, Visa-Heikki", "title": "Untreated and formaldehyde treated skimmilk powder as a protein supplement for dairy cows ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "content; cows; feeds; formaldehyde; group; milk; milk powder; period; powder; protein; table; utilization", "summary": "Protein shortage group 2) Untreated milk powder group 3) Formaldehyde treated milk powder group Over one week the animals were gradually changed to the experimental feeds. The groups were: 1) Protein shortage group, 1) Untreated milk powder group and 3) Formaldehyde treated milk powder group.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71969", "words": "4391", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Savolainen, Helena; Pihakaski, Kaarina", "title": "Effects of a dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop herbicide mixture on the leaves of a barley variety ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "barley; cells; chloroplasts; days; fig; plants; starch; treatment", "summary": "Effects of herbicides on the ultrastructure of plant cell. Cytological studies on the effect of herbicides on plant cells in vivo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71970", "words": "3745", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Relationships between physical and chemical characteristics and calculated metabolizable energy values in barley and oats with highly variable volume weights ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "barley; characteristics; oats; protein; starch; value", "summary": "Relationships between ME values (MJ/kg DM) (y) and three characteristics (x). The variation of crude protein content was the same for both cereals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71971", "words": "1884", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Hehtolitrapainon ja lajikkeen vaikutus ohran rehuarvoon sikojen ruokinnassa ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "agric; barley; differences; energia; eri; ett\u00e4; my\u00f6s; ohran; oli; protein; salo; sulavuus; volume", "summary": "lasketut muuntokelpoisen ja nettoenergian arvot. Ohra- jauho, rehumaitojauhs, kivenn\u00e4isseos ja vitamiiniseos punnittiin kukin erik- seen ja sekoitettiin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71972", "words": "1697", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Vehn\u00e4nrankkijauhon rehuarvo lihasikojen ruokinnassa ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "distillers; ett\u00e4; feed; grains; hiivan; oli; pigs; rehu; solubles; taulukko", "summary": "J\u00e4ljelle j\u00e4\u00e4nyt viljaj\u00e4tteen ja hiivan seos kuivataan rankkirehuksi. Niiden painot olivat kokeen alkaessa keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 72 kg ja p\u00e4\u00e4ttyess\u00e4 81 kg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71973", "words": "2358", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Hemil\u00e4, Kalevi", "title": "Mets\u00e4talouden asema kirjanpitotilojen rahaliikkeess\u00e4 ja investointien rahoituksessa vuosina 1966\u20141975 ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "cash; expenses; farms; forestry; investment; investointeihin; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kuin; kun; kuva; maatalouden; mets\u00e4talouden; noin; ollut; osuus; ovat; rahaylij\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4; vuoden; vuonna", "summary": "Keskiarvolukujen ymp\u00e4rill\u00e4 tapahtuvan tilakohtaisen vaihtelun selvitt\u00e4mi- seksi on vuosilta 1974 ja 1975 koottu tilakohtaiset tiedot mets\u00e4talouden raha- ylij\u00e4\u00e4mist\u00e4 ja investointirahamenoista. Mets\u00e4talouden rahaylij\u00e4\u00e4mien ja investointirahamenojen v\u00e4liset suhteet tiloit- tain vuosina 1974 ja 1975.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71974", "words": "1725", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Puumelassi tuoreviljan s\u00e4il\u00f6nt\u00e4aineena ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; grains; koska; kylm\u00e4ss\u00e4; l\u00e4mpim\u00e4ss\u00e4; molasse; my\u00f6s; niin; noin; oli; puumelassia; sen; varastossa; viljan; wood", "summary": "Kokeet suoritettiin vasta laborato- riomittakaavassa ja ne k\u00e4sittiv\u00e4t jauhetun viljan ja tuoreen m\u00e4skin m\u00e4rk\u00e4- s\u00e4il\u00f6nn\u00e4n ja ohran ja kauran jyv\u00e4s\u00e4il\u00f6nn\u00e4n. ja etikkahappo oli lis\u00e4ksi suurelta osin per\u00e4isin lis\u00e4tyst\u00e4 puumelassista.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71975", "words": "3334", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Kuuppo, Mailis; Koivurinta, Juha; Koivistoinen, Pekka", "title": "Ahvenen ja s\u00e4rjen marinointi ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "aikana; ajan; ennen; eroja; ett\u00e4; fig; j\u00e4lkeen; kalan; kuin; kuukauden; kuva; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilassa; marinoidun; marinointia; mutta; olivat; perch; sek\u00e4; ssa; varastoinnin; v\u00e4lill\u00e4", "summary": "Kun pH sek\u00e4 happo- ja suolapitoisuudet kalassa ja liemess\u00e4 olivat tasoit- tuneet, valmisteen katsottiin olevan kyps\u00e4. Tutkimuskaaviot ahvenen ja s\u00e4rjen osalta on esitetty kuvina 1 ja 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71976", "words": "3529", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kuuppo, Mailis; Laine, Jorma J.; Koivistoinen, Pekka", "title": "Tutkimus pakastuksen soveltuvuudesta muikun ja kirjolohen varastoinnissa ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "albula; coregonus; fig; fileerattu; fillets; fish; glaseerattu; glazed; kirjolohi; kokonainen; muikku; perattu; rainbow; trout; vacuum; vakuumipakattu", "summary": "Kaikkien eri tavoin k\u00e4siteltyjen ja pakattujen muikkujen ja kirjolohien todettiin s\u00e4ilyv\u00e4n sy\u00f6m\u00e4kelpoisina 3 kk \u20143s\u00b0 C:ssa. Kala- lajista riippuen pakastuksen ja pakkasvarastoinnin aikana saattaa tapahtua laatua heikent\u00e4vi\u00e4 muutoksia kalan proteiini- ja lipidifraktioissa, kuten pro- teiinien denaturoitumista ja rasvojen eltaantumista ja hydrolyysi\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71977", "words": "5802", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Westermarck-Rosendahl, Christina; Salovaara, Hannu", "title": "Hydrothermal treatment of sprout-damaged grain: I. Effects on the technological quality of wheat ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "amylase; gluten; grain; lot; number; samples; temperature; treatment; value; water; wheat", "summary": "The processings lasted from 20 to 120 min. After heat treatment of sprouted wheat at temperatures below 50\u00b0 C an activation of amylases was detected. The action of wheat amylases on starch under conditions of time and temperature as they exist during baking.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71978", "words": "4223", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Westermarck-Rosendahl, Christina", "title": "Hydrothermal treatment of sprout-damaged grain: II. Effects on the technological quality of rye ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "1976; baking; grain; heat; processing; rye; sec; treatment; value", "summary": "Also the enzymatic activity of proteases and pentosanases in rye increase on germination. The whole grain was milled to rye meal on a hammer mill of Finnish manufacture (O-IPL, Koneteollisuus).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71979", "words": "2735", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Leaching of plant nutrients from cultivated soils: I Leaching of cations ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "cations; clay; leaching; sand; soil; solution; water", "summary": "On the bottom of each lysimeter was placed 270 g of washed coarse sand and the air dried and crushed, but unsieved, soil samples were added as small portions: 1 900 g of sand soil, 1 600 g of fine sandand 1 900 g of sandy clay. On the basis of a correlation analysis he claims that the bulk of inorganic material in river waters is derived from clay soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71980", "words": "2551", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Leaching of plant nutrients from cultivated soils: II Leaching of anions ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "anions; leaching; nitrate; sample; sand; soil; sulfate", "summary": "The increase of concentration in soil solution may to a certain extent explain the observation that the fertilization decreased the amount of \u00bbbicarbonate\u00bb washed out by water from the columns of sand and fine sand soils. The results of this work are in accordance with the conclusion presented by G\u00e4chter and Furrer (1972) that the liability to leaching diminishes in proportion to the relative amount of finer soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71981", "words": "2765", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Ensiling, preservation losses and effluent binding of sugar beet tops ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "beet; content; effluent; matter; straw; tops", "summary": "Sugar beet tops harvested with a mower chopper make a good silage, without additives, but the losses through effluent are great. Materials and methods The ensiling of sugar beet tops was studied on the Viik Experimental Farm in the years 1971 1974 (Salo and Sormunen 1974, Salo 1975).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71982", "words": "5039", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Aura, Erkki", "title": "Determination of available soil phosphorus by chemical methods ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "exchange; extraction; method; phosphorus; resin; soil; solution; test; uptake; water", "summary": "Also, numerous other factors such as, for exam- ple, the growth of the root system and weather conditions have an effect on the uptake of soil phosphorus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja 305 Vol. 50:705-716, 1978 Determination of available soil phosphorus by chemical methods Erkki Aura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki 71 Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71983", "words": "7383", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Sorteberg, Asbj\u00f8rn", "title": "Effects of some heavy metals on oats in pot experiments with three different soil types", "date": "1978", "keywords": "application; cadmium; content; lead; lime; liming; mercury; series; soil; year", "summary": "Andersson and Nilsson (1975) found in pot experiments great reduc- tion in the cobalt, nickel and cadmium contents at increased liming in spring wheat and rape (pH 4.8, 6.0, 7.2), although they found no deviation in the lead content. The high nickel content in the grain of oats cannot, in any case, be explained by high content in the glumes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71984", "words": "4191", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Aura, Erkki", "title": "Phosphate desorption from soil in anion-exchange resin extraction ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "+ +; desorption; extraction; phosphate; phosphorus; resin; soil; time; water", "summary": "The effect of concentration and moisture content on the counterdiffusion of soil phosphate against chloride ion. A kinetic approach to the description of soil phosphate status.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71985", "words": "6842", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Jaakkola, Antti", "title": "Nitrate, ammonium and urea nitrogen as fertilizers for wheat and rye in a field experiment", "date": "1978", "keywords": "ammonium; fertilizer; grain; nitrate; nitrogen; soil; straw; urea; wheat", "summary": "Placement vs. broadcasting, application time and rate of fertilizer nitrogen were also investigated. However, the main part of fertilizer nitrogen, about 75 per cent, is given in multinutrient fertilizers to- gether with phosphorus, potassium, and in some of them, also other nutrients.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71986", "words": "4623", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kuuppo, Mailis; Koivurinta, Juha; Koivistoinen, Pekka", "title": "On the suitability of roach, perch, vendace and whitefish for canning in small scale canning stations ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "brine; fish; minutes; perch; processing; products; roach; vendace; whitefish", "summary": "The roach, vendace and whitefish preserves were of the types \u00bbcanned fish in to- mato sauce\u00bb and \u00bbcanned fish in oil and its own juice\u00bb and the perch preserves of the type \u00bbcanned fish in brine\u00bb. For canned products in oil, table or peanut oil was added into the cans.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71987", "words": "2720", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kreula, M.; Rauramaa, A.; Ettala, T.", "title": "The effect of feeding on the hippuric acid content of cow\u2019s urine", "date": "1978", "keywords": "acid; benzoic; cows; feed; hippuric; urinary; urine", "summary": "Introduction In the urine of herbivorous animals, particularly ruminants, hippuric acid, a metabolic product of benzoic acid and its derivatives, is excreted. No statistically significant rise was observed when the supplement of benzoic acid was raised to B\u2014lo g. When 2 g tyrosine was first fed in addition to benzoic acid the excretion of hippuric acid was at its lowest.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71988", "words": "5611", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "The development of agricultural production in Finland 1975\u201485 ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "agricultural; consumption; development; forecasts; milk; mill; production", "summary": "Production forecasts may be made based on the consumption forecast and the export ceiling (or about 110% self-sufficiency). Milk production is predicted to drop to 2 910 mill, litres, beef production to 105 mill.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71989", "words": "2220", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Vaisto, Tarja; Heikonen, Matti; Kreula, Matti; Linko, Matti", "title": "The use of cellulases for increasing the sugar content of AIV-silage ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "cellulase; content; enzyme; glucose; silage; sugar; vtt", "summary": "The content of reducing sugars in silage with Cellulase S V. Hemicel- lulolytic complex B Maxazyme A. Meicelase A. and VTT cellulase \u25a1 . 394 Combinations of enzymes The silage was made on June 15 and July 26. In addition to VTT cellulase, Onozuka (by weight 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 June 15; 1.5:1, 3:1 and 6:1 July 26) and Hemicellulolytic complex (1:1 June 15; 1.5:1, 3:1 and 6:1 July 26) were used.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71990", "words": "15702", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Sir\u00e9n, Jouko", "title": "An econometric model of beef production for optimization purposes", "date": "1978", "keywords": "animal; ayrshire; beef; content; crude; energy; energy content; f.u; feed; feed intake; function; gain; growth; intake; level; matter; maximum; model; production; profit; protein; rearing; time; weight; weight gain", "summary": "The increase in the protein content above this level has a decreasing effect on the productivity of feed energy. Live weight gain estimates and average and marginal feed use given by the model as a function of feed unit quantity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71991", "words": "3716", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Lindstr\u00f6m, U. B.", "title": "Selection intensity for milk yield in 1970\u20141977 in the Finnish Ayrshire ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "bull; generation; milk; progeny; selection; sires; years; yield", "summary": "Genetic selection differentials and generation intervals for bull sires. In recent years a limited number of bull sires from abroad, 8 from the Norwegian Red Cattle and 6 from North American and English Ayrshires, have been used on our Finnish Ayrshire cows for production of bull calves.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71992", "words": "5030", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Ruokola, Anna-Liisa; Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "Fungus diseases of field bean in Finland during 1975\u20141977 ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "bean; botrytis; cinerea; fabae; field; fungi; fungus; fusarium; mikko; samples; seeds", "summary": "B. fabae fungi were also found in the leaf and pod samples taken from sites at Tuusula where field beans were under cultivation. Hardly any A. fabae or B. fabae fungi were found in the sample lots from Viikki in 1976 and 1977 (Table 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71993", "words": "17933", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Jamalainen, E. A.", "title": "Peltokasvien talvehtiminen Suomessa ", "date": "1978", "keywords": "agric; aikana; apilan; borealis; clover; damage; ett\u00e4; exp; finland; frost; fungi; huonosti; hyvin; h\u00e4meen; joissa; jolloin; jos; kasvien; kasvitautien; keski; kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4; kjl; koeasemalla; kokeet; kokeissa; kokeita; kuin; kun; kuva; kvl; kym; lajikekokeissa; lapin; lumen; lumettomana; lumi; lumihomeen; lunta; maa; my\u00f6s; ole; oli; olivat; ollut; oraiden; oraita; ovat; pakkasen; parhaiten; pidetty; plot; pohjanmaan; pohjois; pohjolan; poistettu; psa; puna; runsaasti; rye; sclerotinia; sek\u00e4; sen; sienet; silloin; snow; soil; sta; suomen; suomessa; syksyll\u00e4; syysrukiin; syysvehn\u00e4n; syysviljojen; table; tai; talvehtiminen; talvehtivat; taulukko; temperature; tests; tikkurilassa; timotei; typhula; usein; variety; vaurioita; vuoden; vuoksi; v\u00e4h\u00e4n; water; wheat; winter; wintering; yli", "summary": "N\u00e4m\u00e4 arviot voidaan suorittaa visuaalisesti tai laskemalla pienikokoisilta ruuduilta terveiden ja vaurioitu- neiden kasvien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4. ja silloin oli viel\u00e4 pakkasta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71994", "words": "4866", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kivi, Erkki", "title": "Z\u00fcchterische Aspekte der einheimischen Eiweissversorgung im Norden ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "abb; ackerbohne; als; anbau; auch; auf; bei; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; erbse; fiir; finnland; haben; hat; ist; kivi; man; mit; nach; nicht; nur; oder; samen; schon; sehr; sich; sie; sind; sorten; und; unter; von; wegen; wie; wir; ziichtung", "summary": "Dies hat zur Folge gehabt, dass die Verbesserung der Eiweisseigensschaften der einheimischen Kulturen sowohl in der Praxis als auch in der Forschung der Mittelpunkt der Anstrengungen geworden ist. Bei uns bleibt Rondo oft zu kurz wegen der Vorsommertrockenheit, und darum hat man, wie auch in Schweden (Binge- fors 1978), die Ziichtungsarbeit auf die morphologisch neuen Typen der soge- nannten halbhohen Erbse gerichtet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71995", "words": "2067", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Jaakkola, Antti; Korkman, Johan ; Juvankoski, Tuomo", "title": "The effect of cadmium contained in fertilizers on the cadmium content of vegetables ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "cadmium; content; fertilizer", "summary": "Fertilizers are one possible source of cadmium, for the metallic element is known to be present in certain raw materials of fertilizer phosphorus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja 158 Vol. 51:158-162, 1979 The effect of cadmium contained in fertilizers on the cadmium content of vegetables Antti Jaakkola Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Physics, 01300 Vantaa 30 Johan Korkman and Tuomo Juvankoski Kemira Oy, Malminkatu 30, 00100 Helsinki 10 Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71996", "words": "2340", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Yl\u00e4talo, Marja", "title": "Alppiruusun pistokkaiden juurtumiseen vaikuttavia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4 ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "-lajin; brachycarpum; cuttings; iba; kahden; kuluttua; kuukauden; nelj\u00e4n; oli; pistokkaat; pistokkaiden; pist\u00e4misest\u00e4; rhododendron; rooting; ssp; tigerstedti; vaikutus", "summary": "ja Rh. Havainnot juurtumisesta tehtiin kahden ja nelj\u00e4n kuukauden kuluttua pist\u00e4misest\u00e4, jolloin juuriston laatu arvotettiin seuraavan asteikon mukaisesti: 1. yksitt\u00e4isi\u00e4 juuria enint\u00e4\u00e4n 5 kpl, 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71997", "words": "6683", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "T\u00f6rm\u00e4l\u00e4, Timo", "title": "Numbers and biomass of soil invertebrates in a reserved field in central Finland ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "acari; animals; biomass; enchytraeidae; field; groups; july; nr2; numbers; oribatei; sampling; soil; study; total", "summary": "Introduction During the last fifteen years far more quantitative studies of soil animals have been published than earlier. The main reason for this is, in addition to the better understanding of the importance of soil animals in litter break-down processes, in the rapid developement and evaluation of extraction methods (e.g. Phillipson 1971).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71998", "words": "3506", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Saastamoinen, Marketta; Tigerstedt, P. M. A.", "title": "Application of a semi-automatic micro-DBC analyzer system for screening basic amino acids in single grains ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "barley; content; dbc; dye; fp-9; grains; method; protein; seed; system", "summary": "Studies on inter- and intraplant variation in seed protein content of rice. Gene for improved nutri tional value in barley seed protein.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-71999", "words": "4988", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Pulli, Seppo; Tigerstedt, P. M. A.; Kara, Osmo", "title": "Adaptation of silage maize varieties under extreme northern growing condions in Finland ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "days; growing; maize; table; tons; varieties; yields", "summary": "Ears ACG 201 50.9\u00bb\u00bb 8.04\u00bb .38\u00bb\u00bb 15.8\u00bb\u00bb 4.7 12.9 Forla 47.4\u00bb\u00bb 7.78\u00bb\u00bb .49\u00bb\u00bb 16.4\u00bb 6.3 25.0 LG 11 47.2\u00bb\u00bb 7.51\u00bb\u00bb .50\u00bb\u00bb 15.9\u00bb\u00bb 6.7 8.4 CP 170 48.5\u00bb\u00bb 7.28\u00bb\u00bb .47\u00bb\u00bb 15.0\u00bb 6.4 16.4 ACG 185 47.6\u00bb\u00bb 7.28\u00bb\u00bb .48\u00bb\u00bb 15.6\u00bb\u00bb 6.6 16.2 LG 9 46.9\u00bb\u00bb 7.15\u00bb\u00bb .47\u00bb\u00bb 15.3\u00bb\u00bb 6.5 10.3 Rubis 9 43.5 ab 6.86\u00bb\u00bb ,38a \u00bb 15.7\u00bb\u00bb 5.6 19.3 ACG 189 45.8a\u00bb 6.77\u00bb\u00bb .47\u00bb\u00bb 14.8\u00bb 6.9 19.3 ACG 167 45.8a \u00bb 6.69\u00bb\u00bb .54\u00bb 14.6ab 8.1 19.9 Hansa 41.7a \u00bb 6.65\u00bb\u00bb ,35ab 16.8c<i 5.3 23.1 Blizzard 40,6 ab 6.58\u00bb ,38 ab 14.6ab 0/ O, 0/ cm'o 0 '0 LG 11 43.7\u00bb 6.93\u00bb .64\u00bb CP 170 42.3\u00bb 6.72\u00bb .62\u00bb LG 9 41.8\u00bb 6.66\u00bb .60\u00bb\u00bb Rubis 9 38.5\u00bb\u00bb 6.40\u00bb\u00bb .56\u00bb\u00bb Prior 43.1\u00bb 6.30\u00bb\u00bb .58\u00bb\u00bb HIT 39.1\u00bb\u00bb 6.26\u00bb\u00bb .60\u00bb\u00bb Hansa 36.5\u00bb 6.12\u00bb\u00bb .55\u00bb\u00bb LG 7 40.1\u00bb 6.07\u00bb\u00bb .58\u00bb\u00bb LG 5 38.2\u00bb\u00bb 6.00\u00bb\u00bb .58\u00bb\u00bb Flash 36.7\u00bb 5.80\u00bb .52\u00bb EDO 33.8\u00bb 5.54\u00bb .52\u00bb ACG 200 .... 38.0\u00bb\u00bb 5.54\u00bb .55\u00bb\u00bb 15.8\u00bb 9.3\u00bb\u00bb 5.2\u00bb 218\u00bb 16.1\u00bb 9.4\u00bb\u00bb 7.9\u00bb 226\u00bb 16.1\u00bb 9.4\u00bb\u00bb 5.1\u00bb 228\u00bb 16.7\u00b0 8.9\u00bb 10.0\u00bb 220\u00bb 14.6\u00bb 9,5\u00bb\u00bb 7.5\u00bb 222\u00bb 16.0\u00bb 9.5\u00bb\u00bb 13.3\u00bb\u00b0 216\u00bb\u00bb 17.1\u00bb 9.1\u00bb\u00bb 12.5\u00bb\u00bb 223\u00bb 15.1\u00bb\u00bb 9.4\u00bb\u00bb 8.6\u00bb\u00bb 216\u00bb\u00bb 15.8\u00bb 9.8\u00bb 7.1\u00bb 218\u00bb 15.8\u00bb 9.0\u00bb\u00bb 9.7\u00bb\u00bb 214\u00bb 16.4\u00bb\u00bb 9.5\u00bb\u00bb 15.4\u00bb 205\u00bb 14.6\u00bb 9.8\u00bb 9.2\u00bb\u00bb 214\u00bb Avg. 39.3 6.20 .58 15.8 9.4 9.3 218 LSD .05 6.0 .93 .09 .9 .9 4.8 12 Table 8.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72000", "words": "3711", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Pulli, Seppo; Kara, Osmo; Tigerstedt, P. M. A.", "title": "Management techniques of maize crop in the marginal growing area in Finland ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "avg; days; maize; plant; seeding", "summary": "in 1976 Yields tons/ha Seeding time Variety Fresh DM Protein 14/5 Flash 36.84\u00bb 6.17\u00bb 0.61\u00bb\u00bb LG 5 34.88\u00bb 5.54\u00bb 0,59\u00bb ACG 200 38.81\u00bb 6.27\u00bb 0.71\u00bb Avg. 36.84 B 6.00 B 0.64 B 21/5 Flash 36.56\u00bb 5.80\u00bb 0.61\u00bb LG 5 36.97\u00bb 6.14\u00bb 0.63\u00bb ACG 200 39.56\u00bb 5.69\u00bb 0,64\u00bb Avg. 37.64 B 5.87 B 0.63 B 2/6 Flash 25.79\u00bb 3.98\u00bb 0.42\u00bb LG 5 28.47\u00bb\u00bb 4.54\u00bb\u00bb 0.54\u00bb ACG 200 30.87\u00bb 5.06\u00bb 0.55\u00bb Avg. May 23 \u00bb \u00bb 111 May 30 Sub-plot Seeding depth cm 3 \u00bb \u00bb \u00bb 5 \u00bb * * 7 The dry matter determinations were made by using 2 X 200 gr samples and drying the samples overnight at 100\u00b0 C.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72001", "words": "2680", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, J.; Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, J.; Pulli, S.; Poutiainen, E.", "title": "Preliminary studies on the conservation of whole sorghum and corn plant and sugar corn stover for silage ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "corn; corn stover; fermentation; silages; sorghum; stover; sugar; urea; weeks", "summary": "Corn silage Sugar corn stover silage after after after after 6 weeks 15 weeks 6 weeks 15 weeks Sugars, % in dry matter 16.05\u201c 4.83\u00b0 18.8\u201c 9.11 d Fermentation losses % in raw material wet weight 7.75\u201c 5.85\u00b0 9.60 s 9.87d dry matter 4.05\u201c 16.82 d 15.51 s 19.49 d organic matter 3.25\u201c 18.75d 15.49s 22.52 d P < 0.01 a\u2014b after 6 weeks of fermentation between corn and sugar corn stover silages. According to Zimmer (1976) the content of alcohols is usually small in corn silages, but after an intensive fermentation alcohols could exist in the silages and also they could have reduced the palatability of the silages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72002", "words": "3008", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, J.; Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, J.; Pulli, S.; Poutiainen, E.", "title": "Maize for silage: I. Conservation of whole maize plant for silage with treatment of preservatives and urea before ensiling ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "acid; content; fermentation; silages; urea", "summary": "This growth stage is considered early for making corn silage, because there is always a danger of a faulty fermen- tation producing acetic acid and alcohols and because the fermentation losses could be very high (Nehring and Hoffmann 1960, Becker and Nehring 1969, Giardini et al. 1976). In corn silage the fermentation takes place mostly during the first ten days after ensiling.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72003", "words": "35979", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kivisaari, Simo", "title": "Effect of moisture and freezing on some physical properties of clay soils from plough layer ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "air; bar; clay aggregates; clay samples; clay soil; drying; effect; field; freezing; increase; pore; potentials; results; s \u00b0; samples c; silty clay; soil aggregates; soil cylinders; soil freezing; soil frost; soil moisture; soil samples; soil sci; soil structure; soil surface; soil temperature; soil volume; soil water; soils; table; temperature; total; volume; water content; water movement; water potential; water retention; wet; \u00b0 c", "summary": "In the same Wollny\u2019s annal, Ulrich (1897/98) points out the significance of salt concentration on the freezing point of soil water, and notes that different salts affect the soil differently. Thus, he wonders what the real effects of salt concentrations on the subcooling of soil water are.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72004", "words": "19043", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Seed-borne fungi on cruciferous cultivated plants in Finland and their importance in seedling raising ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "alternaria; borne; brassicicola; cabbage; cabbage seed; cauliflower; content; damage; effect; fig; fungi; fungus; lingam; neergaard; peat; plants; radish; rape; red; seed; seed lots; seedlings; species; substrate; table; temperature; turnip; white; white cabbage", "summary": "Occurance of Sclerotinia stalk rot in cabbage seed plants in Skagit County, Washington, in 1948. R. solani is carried as mycelia on the surface of the seed, as sclerotia or mycelia under the seed coat or even deep down inside the seed (Baker 1947), but remains viable in cabbage seeds for less than ten months (Neer- gaard 1969).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72005", "words": "3007", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "K\u00e4pyl\u00e4, Markku; Niemel\u00e4, Paavo", "title": "Flowers visited by honey bee in southern Finland", "date": "1979", "keywords": "bees; finland; flowering; honey; observations; pollen; species", "summary": "Origanum vulgare 4 4 - + 4- + - Oxalis acetosella 1 1 -++ + - Papaver croceum 4 + + + + - Parthenocissus inserta 5 5 \u2014\u2014++ + Paslinaca saliva 1 -++ + - PIantago media 1 + + + + Polemonium coeruleum 1 1 + + + + - Polygonatum odoratum -f + Geranium sylvaticum 5 + + Continued Frequency in foragingSpecies Flowering time N P 4 5 6 7 8 9 Geum rivals 2 2 + + + - Glechoma hederacea 1 -+ + - Gynanchum vincetoxicum 1 + + + + - Hepatica nobilis 1 4-4-4- Heracleum spondylium 1 -++ + + - Hieracium pilosella 1 + + + H. umbellatum 1 -++++- Isatis tinctoria 2 2 + + + Lamium purpureum 5 \u2014\u2014++++ + + + + + Lathyrus odoratus 1 \u2014++ + - L. pratensis 1 + +(+)(+)(+)- Ledum palustre 5 5 -+ + - Leontodon autumnalis 4 1 -++ + + + Linaria vulgaris 1 1 - 4-", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72006", "words": "13666", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Valtonen, Maija", "title": "Renal responses of reindeer to high and low protein diet and sodium supplement", "date": "1979", "keywords": "animals; clearance; diet; gfr; intake; kidney; lichen; lp diet; min; nitrogen; plasma urea; protein; protein diet; rates; reindeer; sheep; sodium; urea; urea concentrations; urea excretion; urine; water", "summary": "In any case reindeer diet, consisting of lush green vegetation in the summer and mineral deficient lichen in the winter, may contain over 70 per cent water (Persson 1969). Effects of insufficient energy supply in the presence of low protein diet 403 5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72007", "words": "3778", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Injury to currants during mechanical harvesting and subsequent fungal infection ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "bark; botrytis; branches; bushes; cinerea; dieback; finland; fungus; harvesting; injuries; wounds; year", "summary": "Baton Mechanical picking harvesting harvesting 1976 1976 19761976 1976 Relative yield (kg/bush) in 1977 Blackcurrant \u00d6jebyn, South-Finland 100 (2.1) 63 66 Blackcurrant Erkheikki, North Finland 100 (1.4) 91 Redcurrant Rondom, East Finland 100 (1.7) 72 61 Redcurrant Red Dutch, East Finland 100 (1.5) 63 Table 6. Table 1, Proportions of Botrytis cinerea in mechanical harvesting injuries in 1976 and 1977' Year of harvest 1976 1977 B. cinerea % in injuries 11 months after picking Redcurrant .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72008", "words": "14218", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Raatikainen, Mikko; Raatikainen, Terttu", "title": "Syysrukiin perustaminen, hoito ja rikkaruohojen ekologia ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "agropyron; agrostis; album; alueella; arvensis; aviculare; cereal; cheiranthoides; chenopodium; communis; difference; ero; erysimum; ett\u00e4; fields; finland; finland finland; galeopsis; galeopsis spp; j\u00e4lkeen; koko; kuin; kuitenkin; lajit; lat; lohkoilla; lohkon; lounais; luokkamuuttujat; maalaji; matricaria; media; mukula; mutta; myosotis; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; number; nurmien; oli; olivat; peittaus; poa; polygonum; pratensis; raatikainen; ranunculus; regressiomuuttujat; repens; rikkaruohojen; rukiin; rye; s. lat; sen; spp; stellaria; suomen; suomen alueella; suomessa; suomi; table; tai; taulukko; uliginosum; vain; viola; v\u00e4li; weed; winter", "summary": "N\u00e4in suuria m\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4 kuitenkin vain harvat k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t, ja 100 kg typpe\u00e4 oli Luostarisen ja Laasosen (1973) mukaan kannattavan lannoituksen yl\u00e4raja kaikkina vuosina. Ongelman ratkaisemiseksi typen levityst\u00e4 on kokeiltu syys- ja talvikautena ja todettu, ett\u00e4 v\u00e4h\u00e4sateisena kev\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4 typen talvilevitys saattaa antaa suuremman jyv\u00e4sadon kuin kev\u00e4tlevitys (Pessi 1969, 1970).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72009", "words": "1391", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Taimikasvatusl\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan vaikutus kukkakaalisadon valmistumiseen ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "cauliflower; oli; sadon; taulukko; und; vaikutus; viikon; yield", "summary": "~ \u00bb v Treatment Growing time (days) Sato kg/ kasvi halkaisija, mm No 20\u00b0 C ja 8\u00b0 C Yield kg/plant Diameter of and growing point, mm I 28 14 0.640.59 II 32 10 0.750.64 111 35 7 0.860.47 IV 21 14 0.580.18 V 25 10 0.620.23 VI 28 7 0.720.22 VII 21 0 0.580.18 VIII 28 0 0.730.26 LS DtQ.QS L\u00e4mp\u00f6isess\u00e4 tehdyn taimikasvatuksen p\u00e4\u00e4tteeksi annetut kylm\u00e4k\u00e4sittelyt eiv\u00e4t alentaneet satoja (taulukko 2 ja 3). L\u00e4mp\u00f6isess\u00e4 kasva- tetuilla 3 ja 4 viikon ik\u00e4isill\u00e4 taimilla oli lyhin sadonkorjuuaika.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72010", "words": "4052", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kreula, Matti; Rauramaa, Aino", "title": "Aspects of the metabolism of 14C-labelled compounds by cows on a protein-free feed with urea and ammonium salts as the sole source of nitrogen", "date": "1979", "keywords": "14c; acid; amino; cows; fat; feed; milk; protein", "summary": "Introduction Professor A. I. Virtanen started to study the synthesis of milk proteins at the Biochemical Research Institute as early as 1958. In the same way as the synthesis of the amino acids of milk proteins from ammonia was followed by using urea and ammonium salts labelled with nitrogen-15, the synthesis of the carbon framework of protein, fat, lactose and citric acid from different energy sources by using preparations labelled with 14C was followed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72011", "words": "4447", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Syv\u00e4oja, Eeva-Liisa; Kreula, Matti", "title": "Incorporation of 15N and 14C into amino acids of bacterial and protozoal protein in the rumen of the cow on urea-rich feed ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "acids; amino; amino acids; bacteria; cows; feed; labelling; milk; nitrogen; protein; protozoa; rumen; urea", "summary": "A ikakauskirja 497 Vol. 51:497- 505, 1979 Incorporation of I\u2019N and 14C into amino acids of bacterial and protozoal protein in the rumen of the cow on urea-rich feed Eeva-Liisa Syv\u00e4oja and Matti Kreula Biochemical Research Institute, Kalevankatu 56 b, SF-00180 Helsinki 18, Finland Abstract. By studying the labelling of the protozoa and bacteria and the amino acids isolated from them at intervals up to 48 hours afterwards, it was found that the bacteria synthesized amino acids from non- protein nitrogen much more rapidly and effectively than the protozoa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72012", "words": "3386", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Ettala, Terttu; Kreula, Matti", "title": "Studies on the nitrogen compounds of the faeces of dairy cows fed urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "acid; amino; cows; faeces; feed; nitrogen", "summary": "O-covfs ULP-cows NorP-cows n = 52 n = 19 n = 9 Dry matter % 18.1 d= 3.319.0 \u00b1 2.915.6 \u00b1 1.6 2.5 \u00b1 0.72.4 \u00b1 0.42.3 \u00b1 0.6Total N, % of dry matter N soluble in 70 % ethanol, % of tot. N 82.3 \u00b1 7.285.4 \u00b1 5.082.3 \u00b1 7.2 62.8 \u00b1 8.561.6 \u00b1 10.759.0 \u00b1 13.9 *) P < 0.05 509 Table 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72013", "words": "2029", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Uoti, Juhani", "title": "The effect of mercury, quintozene and thiophanate-methyl on the yield of winter rye at the Kotkaniemi experimental farm during the years 1972\u20141978 ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "quintozene; seeddressing; spraying; thiophanate", "summary": "Year Seeddressing trials Seedling spraying trials Density Snowmould Density Snowmould 1972 93 + 1973 98 - 100 1974 73 + 72 + 1975 98 - 100 1976 92 - 94 1977 48 ++ 9 + + + 1978 69 Seedling spraying trials in 1973 \u20141.978.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72014", "words": "2289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Uoti, Juhani; Juvankoski, Tuomo", "title": "Chemical weed control in winter wheat: Efficiency and economic return", "date": "1979", "keywords": "increase; moisture; summation; weeds; yield", "summary": "Studies showing the importance of weed control are generally limited to indicating the decrease of weeds and the increase of crop yield. The Actril-type herbicide is known to be gentle to the crop and yet very effective in weed control (Robinson and Fenster 1973, Gummesson 1978).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72015", "words": "3061", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Tuori, Mikko", "title": "A polyol mixture and molasses-treated beed pulp in the silage based diet of dairy cows: III The effect on the utilization of minerals ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "absorption; beet; calcium; cows; group; intake; molasses; polyols; pulp; utilization", "summary": "DM, % 28.3 78.7 88.3 87.1 88.3 Crude protein, g/kg DM 216 98 118 136 136 Crude fibre, \u00bb 250 340 87 91 71 Sugars, \u00bb 14 67 45 93 38 Polyols 1) \u00bb 73 -- Feed units 2) /kg The apparent digestibility, retention and utilization of minerals (% of the mineral intake).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72016", "words": "4506", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Hokkanen, Heikki", "title": "Pakettipellot, niiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 ja hoito Keski-Suomessa vuonna 1974 ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "ala; anon; area; contact; ett\u00e4; farm; fields; keski; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kuin; kyll\u00e4; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6; my\u00f6s; nurmi; oli; ovat; palstan; palstoista; palstojen; raatikainen; sek\u00e4; suomen; tai; tekij\u00e4t; tilan; tiloista; xxx", "summary": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on ollut selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 miten ja miss\u00e4 laa- juudessa pakettipeltoja Keski-Suomessa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n ja hoidetaan, ja miten ne suhtautuvat toisaalta annettuihin m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4yksiin ja toisaalta pelloilla tapahtu- vaan ekologiseen suksessioon. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on melko l\u00e4hell\u00e4 pohjoisen Keski-Suomen peltopalstojen keskikokoa, mutta v\u00e4- hemm\u00e4n kuin puolet Laukaan arvosta (5.5 ha) (Anon. 1972 ja 1974).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72017", "words": "4357", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Saastamoinen, Marketta", "title": "On the DBC protein content and on the amino acid contents in F5 lines of the barley line Hiproly ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "barley; content; dbc; dbc protein; high; hiproly; hja; lines; lysine; protein", "summary": "The lysine contents of protein in the lines with high DBC protein content are 3.54 %. Thus high lysine and high protein lines are screened from other lines (Mossberg 1969).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72018", "words": "3038", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Korkman, Johan; Virta, Pirkko", "title": "The leaching and retention of copper lignosulphonate, copper sulphate and copper-EDTA in soil ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "copper; edta; form; soil; solution", "summary": "In peat soil, the different copper compounds behaved in nearly the same way. A ikakauskirja 51 Voi. 51:51-58, 1979 The leaching and retention of copper lignosulphonate, copper sulphate and copper-EDTA in soil Johan Korkman Kemira Oy, P. O. Box 330, 00101 Helsinki 10, Finland Pirkko Virta Kemira Oy, P. 0.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72019", "words": "3118", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa; Poutiainen, Esko", "title": "Untreated and formaldehyde treated protein concentrate mixture in the feeds of bulls ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "bulls; control; effect; formaldehyde; gain; group; protein; rumen; treatment; weight", "summary": "The proportion of treated protein was 45 % of the total protein in the diet. 62 In previous investigations, where formaldehyde protected protein has been used in the diets of growing animals, there have been contradictory results.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72020", "words": "5020", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Syv\u00e4oja, Eeva-Liisa; Kreula, Matti", "title": "The in vitro determination of the protein quality of rumen microorganisms of cows on urea-rich feed ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "acid; amino; amino acid; bacteria; cows; digestibility; protein; protozoa; rumen", "summary": "Effect of ration on the nutritive quality of rumen microbial protein. Digestibility of rumen bacterial cell proteins in buffaloes and goats.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72021", "words": "27332", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Dried poultry manure as a feed ingredient for dairy cows ", "date": "1979", "keywords": "1971; 1975; 1976; acid; anim; composition; cows; crude; dairy; diets; dpm; energy; et al; expt; fed; feeding; groups; litter; milk; nitrogen; plasma; poultry; poultry manure; production; protein; rumen; s.d; sbm; sci; total; urea; value; waste", "summary": "g of urea 95.71 d 2.40 94.42d 2.00 4.33 1.06\u00bb 0.03 1,06\u00bb 0.02 0,05 11.9\u00bb 0.3 11.8\u00bb 0.2 0.24 124\u00bb 0,1 125\u00bb 0.04 5.6 16.6\u00bb 1.2 16.8\u00bb 1.0 1.00 5.8 d 0.05 5.2\u00bb\u00bb 0.06 0.32 1.06 0.08 1.75 0.11 273 53 DPM2Experiment 2 FU/100 kg DM 81.82\u00bb 0.49 kg DM/FU 1.22d 0.01 DCP, % in DM 9.1\u00bb 0.09 DCP, g/FU Groups DPMI SEMI UREAI S.D. x S.D. xExperiment 1 S.D.x n 42 Hemoglobin, g/1 100.2\u00bb PCV, % 33.5\u00bb Plasma glucose, mmol/1 2.50\u00bb\u00ae Plasma urea-N, mmol/1 2.93\u00ae Plasma proteins, g/1 72.3\u00bb Plasma uric-acid, /rmol/l 50\u00bb Inorg. phosphorus, mmol/1 1.73\u00bb Calcium, mmol/1 1.86\u00bb Magnesium, mmol/1 0.80\u00bb Sodium, mmol/1 115.5\u00bb\u00bb Potassium, mmol/1 4.37\u00bb de Iron, jumol/1 30.8\u00bb\u00ae Copper, jumol/l 11.4\u00bb Zinc, jumol/1 10.7d 35 42 10.3 98.1\u00bb 8.6 98.8\u00bb 8.5 2.5 32.3\u00bb 2.6 33.0\u00bb 2.8 0.39 2.59\u00bb' 0.39 2.57\u00bb 0.32 0.55 2.55 d 0.93 3.59' 1.32 9.3 69.0\u00bb 9.9 68.8\u00bb 8.4 11 45\u00bb 6 43\u00bb 8 0.33 1.52\u00bb 0.37 1.68\u00bb\u00bb 0.23 0.21 1.78\u00bb 0.31 1.88\u00bb 0.38 0.10 0.74\u00bb 0.16 0.78\u00bb 0.10 19.6 112.7\u00bbd 20.2 122.5\u00ae 22.3 0.52 4.33\u00bb d 0.62 4.44\u00ae\u00ae 0.50 12.7 25.9\u00bb d 8.6 28.5\u00bb d\u00ae 8.9 4.1 11.2\u00bb 2.2 11.1\u00bb 2.0 6.3 12.0\u00ae 11.1 13.4' 10.4 Experiment 2 DPM2 SBM2 UREA2 n 48 Hemoglobin, g/1 103.9\u00bb PCV, % 34.3\u00bb Plasma glucose, mmol/1 3.23\u00bb Plasma urea N, mmol/1 3.10 d Plasma proteins, g/1 75.3\u00bb Plasma uric acid, /<mol/l 44\u00bb Inorg. phosphorus, mmol/1 1.88\u00bb Calcium, mmol/1 1.92\u00bbb Magnesium, mmol 0.91\u00bb d Sodium, mmol/1 138.8\u00bb Potassium, mraol/1 4.28be Iron, /rmol/1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72022", "words": "3425", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Yl\u00e4ranta, Maritta; Ryyn\u00e4nen, Viljo", "title": "Kasvihuonetomaatin viljelyn ty\u00f6nmenekki", "date": "1979", "keywords": "culture; eri; ett\u00e4; labour; o o; oli; pitk\u00e4ss\u00e4; sek\u00e4; time; tuntia; ty\u00f6nmenekin; viljelyss\u00e4; working", "summary": "Norjalaisen Repstadui (1965) mukaan lehtien ja versojen poistoon kuluu 24 % ja sadonkorjuuseen ja lajitteluun 30 % ty\u00f6ajasta. Vakinaisten ty\u00f6ntekij\u00f6iden lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ja ty\u00f6nmenekki olivat positiivisessa korrelaatiossa (0.55).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72023", "words": "44333", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Nutritive value of full-fat rapeseeds for growing pigs ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "1978; age; average; cases; clinical; connection; correlation; cows; cowsheds; dairy; effect; end; et al; factors; farms; herd b; herds; incidence; increase; index; information; injury; level; machines; mastitis; mastitis cases; mastitis control; material; mean; milk; milking; number; occurrence; results; skin; stall; study; table; teat; teat end; udder; udder health; vacuum; vet; years", "summary": "The cell count method with joint samples of cow milk has been in progress in Finland since the beginning of 1978, as far as herds subjected to milk recording are concerned. Quantitative errors consist of poorly composed diet or overfeeding; change of feed of freshly cut roughage with excessive quantities of concentrates feed consisting of legumes possibly with high contents of oestrogens feeding excessive amounts of protein to heifers in calf feeding excessive amounts of protein to milking cows", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72024", "words": "4190", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, J.; Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, J. ; Pirinen, S.; Poutiainen, E.; Pulli, S.", "title": "Maize for silage II. The effect of urea and acid as preservative treament on rumen fermentations and on feeding values of silages", "date": "1980", "keywords": "acid; feeding; rumen; silage; table; urea; values; vfa", "summary": "Because of the low content of crude protein, maize silage should be supplemented at least by a protein concentrate. x s.d. x s.d. x s.d. x s.d. x s.d. Digestibility, % Dry matter 63.8 2.13 64.1 2.48 64.4 2.69 64.9 1.59 62.3 2.57 NS - Organic matter 67.4 2.04 68.4 1.50 65.1 2.61 66.1 1.98 65.8 1.91 NS - I Crude protein 62.4 3.74 64.3 2.05 61.9 4.93 58.9 2.50 63.1 2.86 NS Crude fibre 62.0 1.02 61.5 2.82 60.4 3.22 63.3 2.93 60.4 1.83 NS - Crude fat 80.6 4.51 75.0 4 20 71.5 5.67 76.3 4.66 76.9 4.40 A-B, C D N-free extracts 67.1 1.75 64.1 4.42 61.8 1.61 72.6 3.20 68.7 2.71 D-B, C - fu./kg silage1 ) 0.13 0.002 0.12 0.005 0.12 0.002 0.14 0.001 0.13 0.001 NS - kg silage DM/fu 1.48 0.021 1.53 0.019 1.53 0.037 0.38 0.020 1.44 0.008 NS - DCP, % in DM 2.11 0.41 2.85 0.14 1.92 0.31 1.25 0.13 1.28 0.01 A, C-D, E B-A, C, D, E g DCP/fu 181 10 221 18 171 12 91 7 97 8 A, C-D, E B-A, C, D, E The use of urea as a preservative can increase the apparent digestibilities of crude protein and crude fat in maize silage (Polan et al. 1969 and Kabuga et al. 1973).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72025", "words": "2565", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Varis, Anna-Liisa; Dalman, Pirjo", "title": "The efficacy of lindane and dimethoate against cabbage maggots in Finland ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "brassicae; cabbage; dimethoate; finland; floralis; insecticides; resistance; root; strains", "summary": "Reports concerning resistance of the turnip root fly Delia floralis arc considerably fewer owing to the fact that D. floralis is univoltine while D. brassicae usually has more than one generation in the area where it occurs. The testing time had, however, to be lengthened for D. floralis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72026", "words": "4145", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "J\u00e4rvinen, Ritva; Savonen, Raija; Ahlstr\u00f6m, Antti; Alaviuhkola, Timo", "title": "Physiological effects of Pekilo single cell protein on pigs ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "acid; allantoin; animals; blood; control; diet; feed; group; pekilo; pigs; protein; sows; urine; weight", "summary": "Pekilo protein in the nutrition of growing-finishing pigs. The carbohydrate composition and solubility of Pekilo protein and two yeasts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72027", "words": "3267", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Yl\u00e4ranta, Maritta; Ryyn\u00e4nen, Viljo", "title": "Kasvihuonekurkun viljelyn ty\u00f6nmenekki ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "culture; eri; ett\u00e4; hours; kasvukauden; keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen; kuin; kurkun; labour; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; sek\u00e4; sq.m; time; tuntia; ty\u00f6nmenekin; ty\u00f6t\u00e4; viljelmien; viljelm\u00e4ll\u00e4; viljelyn; viljelyss\u00e4; working", "summary": "Johdanto Tavoitteena oli tutkia kasvihuonekurkun ty\u00f6nmenekki\u00e4 ja ty\u00f6nmenekin vaihtelua eri pituisina viljelykausina. Kokonaisty\u00f6ntuotos oli lyhyess\u00e4 viljelyss\u00e4 27,6 kg, keskipitk\u00e4ss\u00e4 viljelyss\u00e4 20,4 kg ja pitk\u00e4ss\u00e4 viljelyss\u00e4 25,2 kg. Sadon- korjuun keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen ty\u00f6ntuotos oli 154,2 kg/h ja vaihteluv\u00e4li 58,6 212,8 kg/h. Lajittelussa ja pakkauksessa keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen tjmntuotos oli 229,1 kg/h ja vaihteluv\u00e4li 99,0 339,7 kg/h.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72028", "words": "5229", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Aura, Erkki", "title": "Oxygen as an exchangeable ligand in soil ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "adsorption; anion; ligand; oxides; oxygen; phosphate; soil; solution", "summary": "Anion adsorption by goethite and gibbsite. Anion adsorption by goethite and gibbsite.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72029", "words": "1994", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Nutritive value of rapeseed meal from two Brassica campestris varieties for growing pigs ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "candle; meal; pigs; rapeseed; span; torch", "summary": "To achieve a more exact comparison, energy values based on a 1.5 % fat content were calculated for Candle meal. When the results are compared with those given in the Feed Tables for pigs, the digestibility of Span-Torch meal is found to be somewhat lower, and that of Candle meal a little higher (Breirem and Home 1970, Nehring et al. 1970, Eriksson et al. 1972).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72030", "words": "3793", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti; Alaviuhkola, Timo", "title": "Polyol mixture supplementation in the diet of breeding sows and piglets ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "colostrum; control; feed; group; milk; piglets; polyol; s.d; sows", "summary": "The polyol feeding did not raise the lactoperoxidase content of sow milk (M\u00e4kinen et ai. 1979 b). The four groups were as follows: Group 1 Control sows, control piglets, 5 litters Group 2 Control sows, polyol piglets, 5 litters Group 3 Polyol sows, control piglets, 5 litters Group 4 Polyol sows, polyol piglets, 5 litters The creep feed for piglets was supplemented with either 5 % of polyol mixture or 2.5 % of a mixture of glucose and fructose.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72031", "words": "3770", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Ettala, T.; Seuranen, A.; Kreula, M.", "title": "The composition of the faecal microbial flora of milking cows on feeds containing urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "acid; bacteria; counts; cows; enterococci; faeces; feed; gram; ulp", "summary": "\u00bbPropionic acid bacteria\u00bb counts were 4 7 with both 0- and ULP cows, lactobacilli 3\u2014B in 0 cows and 4\u2014B in ULP cows, and micrococci 2\u20147 in both groups. Enterococci were 2\u20146 in 0 cows and 37 in ULP cows, and coliforms 3\u20146 and 2\u20146 respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72032", "words": "2524", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Syv\u00e4oja, Eeva-Liisa; Kreula, Matti", "title": "Incorporation of radioactive carbon from [14C] alanine in the rumen of a cow given feed containing urea as the sole source of nitrogen", "date": "1980", "keywords": "acids; activity; alanine; amino; feed; protein; rumen", "summary": "Lewis and Emery (1962) studied the degradation of amino acids in rumen fluid in vitro and found that they form three groups according to their rate of deamination. He further observed that there was a complete loss of amino acids from casein hydrolysate, Cys and Arg in the rumen in 15 https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=AinnGaPCWjSlUrRt.0A9DQMIL_ZU69IBQ2WFEjQ.s7Zcj0n3Ty-4EPQBpOODy6Dl3E_RvKCOaTocKQJtHMn5_5HoRZYS6hO9GOaw9FexS7FeuwiiSALZpJIs7BbKx288E8mqhaJAuoKGMXioegXZPqyDIWDBBFYFGlJz0GHUu3ygcSiK85PEDISMoepB--62lDX9M50ku1fw47Tnh-PhmZ_yRmnwsJe3hVNUutR4oNADP6ax 70 minutes, and of Asp, Ser, Thr, Gly, Ala, Met, Tyr, Phe and His in 30 minutes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72033", "words": "44333", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Saloniemi, Hannu", "title": "Udder diseases in dairy cows \u2014 field observations on incidence, somatic and environmental factors, and control ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "1978; age; average; cases; clinical; connection; correlation; cows; cowsheds; dairy; effect; end; et al; factors; farms; herd b; herds; incidence; increase; index; information; injury; level; machines; mastitis; mastitis cases; mastitis control; material; mean; milk; milking; number; occurrence; results; skin; stall; study; table; teat; teat end; udder; udder health; vacuum; vet; years", "summary": "The cell count method with joint samples of cow milk has been in progress in Finland since the beginning of 1978, as far as herds subjected to milk recording are concerned. Quantitative errors consist of poorly composed diet or overfeeding; change of feed of freshly cut roughage with excessive quantities of concentrates feed consisting of legumes possibly with high contents of oestrogens feeding excessive amounts of protein to heifers in calf feeding excessive amounts of protein to milking cows", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72034", "words": "10150", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Pulli, Seppo", "title": "T\u00e4rkeimpien kasvutekij\u00f6iden ja k\u00e4ytetyn viljelytekniikan suhteet nurmen kasvurytmiin ja sadonmuodostukseen ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "1964; 1968; agric; aineen; apilan; competition; crop; cutting; der; effect; ensimm\u00e4isen; eri; eritt\u00e4in; ett\u00e4; factors; fenn; finland; grassl; growth; ja kuiva; kasvien; kasvukauden; kasvun; kasvuston; kasvutekij\u00f6iden; koetoim; kuin; kuiva; kuten; lai; lannoitus; l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilasumman; mukaan; my\u00f6s; niiton; niitossa; niittosysteemiss\u00e4; nurmen; oli; olivat; ovat; plant; puna; sadon; sek\u00e4; soc; suomen; tai; taulukko; tutkimuksissa; vaikutus; valikoivassa; yield", "summary": "Keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen hein\u00e4sato 3 800 kg ha 1 edustaa n. 1 500 rehuyksikk\u00f6\u00e4 ja 340kg raakavalkuaista hehtaarilta. S\u00e4il\u00f6rehunurmilta tuotettiin samana ajan- kohtana tuoresatoa keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 17 620 kg ha 1 , mik\u00e4 vastaa n. 2 500 ry ja 560 kg raakavalkuaista hehtaarilta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72035", "words": "24287", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a clover-grass stand ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "clover; cut; cut system; cuts; cutting; digestibility; fescue; grass stand; growing; growth; growth factors; matter; matter content; matter yield; meadow; plant; precipitation; protein content; protein yield; red; regression; spring; stand; sum; table; temperature; time; timothy; yield", "summary": "Yield distribution of clover-grass stand measured in % cut per total yield with three first cutting dates in 4-cut, 3-cut and 2-cut systems. previous cut) .83*** ,88*** .33 NS DM kg ha-1 (previous cut) \u2014.3B* .54* .91*** 223 224 The highest coefficient of determination, 85.7 %, for the second cut\u2019s dry-matter yield was given by the following regression model: Y = 850.4 + 54.25 Xj + 252.48 X 2 + 83.90 X 3 - 211.24 X 4 (F = 32.94***) where: R 2 X 2 = precipitation during a week before previous cut (E mm) 69.0 X, = total radiation sum (E Wh cm' 2) 74.074.0", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72036", "words": "17793", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Growth factors and management technique used in relation to the developmental rhythm and yield formation pattern of a pure grass stand", "date": "1980", "keywords": "content; cut; cutting; days; density; development; digestibility; fig; growth; lai; matter; matter content; matter yield; nitrogen; protein; protein content; rate; seeding; spring; stand; system; temperature; year; yield", "summary": "The regression model for dry matter yield was Y = 3198.031 + 115.3085 Xr - 6.1056 X 2 + 1.8524 X 3 + 16.0215 X 4 (R 2 = 99.9 %, F-value = 1245.13***) where X 4 = growing days X 2 = nitrogen fertilization for the cut (kg N ha 1) LAI and dry matter yield had extremely statistically significant corre- lations with spring, summer and fall growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72037", "words": "2759", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Botrytis porri Buchw. on leek as an important storage fungus in Finland ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "botrytis; fig; fungus; harvesting; leeks; porri; storage", "summary": "B. porri was usually found only on leeks which had been stored, but in 1977 and 1978 the disease was already apparent in October on the upper parts of leek plants growing in the field. Serious spoilage on stored leeks caused by Botrytis porri.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72038", "words": "4504", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Kuusi, Taina; Virtanen, Tuija; Kleemola, Kaija", "title": "Tutkimuksia salaatin, tomaatin ja porkkanan sis\u00e4isest\u00e4 laadusta markkinoinnin aikana", "date": "1980", "keywords": "aineen; eri; ett\u00e4; kasviksien; keskiarvo; kuiva; laadun; laatua; liukoisen; mean; my\u00f6s; ole; oli; olivat; ollut; ovat; quality; salaatin; sek\u00e4; storage; table; taulukko; tomaatin; tomatoes; tulokset; varastoinnin; vitamiinin; vrk", "summary": "Piirros 3 esitt\u00e4\u00e4 h\u00e4vikin ja varastoinnin l\u00e4mp\u00f6summien korrelaatiota. Korrelaatio painoh\u00e4vi\u00f6iden ja varastoinnin l\u00e4mp\u00f6summien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 tomaattia varastoitaessa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72039", "words": "4465", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "K\u00e4\u00e4ntee, E.; Kurkela, P.", "title": "Comparative effects of barley feed and sodium selenite on selenium levels in hen eggs and tissues ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "concentration; content; selenite; selenium; sodium; yolk", "summary": "The analysed Se concentrations of the barley, oats and concentrate in the feed supplied to the test groups; the amounts of sodium selenite supplement; the calculated and analysed feed Se content. I 285 \u00b1 54 390 \u00b1 78 297 \u00b1 73 II 567 \u00b1 48 813 \u00b1 79 828 \u00b1 328 111 1113 \u00b1 110 1797 \u00b1 161 1540 \u00b1 168 IV 1240 \u00b1 290 2022 \u00b1 444 1608 \u00b1 275 V 675 \u00b1 44 978 \u00b1 138 1323 \u00b1 310 VI 745 \u00b1 63 888 \u00b1 86 1442 \u00b1 280 The observed variation in egg Se levels was uniform to the extent that grain Se caused increases in the Se concentration of both yolk and white whereas sodium selenite mainly affected only the yolk Se level.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72040", "words": "8219", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Development and productivity of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "development; finland; growth; lai; matter; nokka; plant; production; protein; tammisto; tarmo; timothy; timothy varieties; varieties; variety; yield", "summary": "Changes occur in the productivity of timothy varieties as the crop ages. Shoot-root ratio: The shoot-root ratio of timothy varieties provides a clear picture of plant development after seeding (Fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72041", "words": "3076", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Mannila, Tauno", "title": "Lunar and planetary periodicity of failure years in Finland and in Sweden ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "average; failure; finland; period; scale; years", "summary": "393 JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 52: 595-402, 1980 Lunar and planetary periodicity of failure years in Finland and in Sweden Tauno Mannila Myllytie 3 The lunar scale has been used first of all in the study of the appearance of failure years.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72042", "words": "7207", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Seeding year alfalfa population development as influenced by weed competition and density of establishment ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "alfalfa; competition; conditions; control; density; importance; plant; rate; seeding; seeding rate; species; values; weeds; yield", "summary": "Root and top weights of an individual alfalfa and weed plant The calculated theoretical maximum seeding year spring yields of an invidual alfalfa and weed top and root are presented in Table 4. The negative correlation between the alfalfa and weed yields can be observed when the population density of alfalfa is increased.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72043", "words": "5037", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Linko, Reino; Kaitaranta, Jukka; Vuorela, Riitta", "title": "Composition of perch roe and keeping quality of roe products during cold- and frozen-storage ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "composition; eggs; fatty; lipids; perch; perch roe; products; quality; roc; roe; roe products; storage; whitefish", "summary": "In perch roe products (Table 6) the TMA values remained very low during the storage period. Hydrolysis of lipids in perch roe products during the storage was followed by successive determinations of the acid value (Fig. 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72044", "words": "2496", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Alaviuhkola, Timo", "title": "Normal and light weight oats as feed for growing pigs ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "digestibility; feed; light; oats; pigs; protein; trial; value", "summary": "Oats rich in hulls have a lower digestibi- lity of NFE, because the NFE of such oats contains less starch and more hemicellu- lose and lignin. No significant difference between light and good oats appeared in the crude protein digestibility, or in the nitrogen balances (Table 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72045", "words": "4447", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "Food and agriculture model for Finland", "date": "1980", "keywords": "agriculture; commodity; consumption; development; feed; finnish; function; model; policy; price; production; use", "summary": "It describes the linkage part of the model which can be used as such or supplemented by the agricultural sub-model which is described in the latter part of the article. The model is mainly recursive and only the version which is linked to the lIA- SA\u2019s system includes optimization sub-models.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72046", "words": "4898", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Hassinen, Seppo; Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "Simulation model for the structure of Finnish agriculture ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "agricultural; animal; distribution; farms; model; number; population; production; size", "summary": "VARIABLES ACN = the average herd size A ACN = the annual change of average herd size AH = the egg yield per hen AAH = the annual change of average egg yield ASF = the average farm size ASH = the average poultry farm size A ASH = the annual change of average poultry farm size ASP = the average piggery size A ASP = the annual change of average piggery size AW = the agricultural population AW (%) = the share of the agricultural population AY the milk yield per cow AAY = the annual change of average milk yield FARMS = the number of farms GDP = Gross Domestic Product MF = the number of dairy farms NAF = the number of non-animal farms NC = the number of dairy cows NH = the number of hens NP = the number of pigs PH = the number of pig farms Qc = egg production Qm Table I Agricultural population, number of farms, average farm size and total acreage in the period 1975 1990.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72047", "words": "3906", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "K\u00e4\u00e4ntee, Esa; Kurkela, Paavo", "title": "The effects of trace element supplements on blood levels of horses ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "blood; content; feed; horses; serum; trace", "summary": "Horses\u2019 daily feed Sc intake and blood Se content on completion of the feeding period. Concepts of normal blood Se level differ greatly because of both variations in feed Se contents and inaccuracies in analytical methods employed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72048", "words": "5503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Growth factors and management technique in relation to the developmental rhythm yield formation pattern of a seeding year lucerne stand ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "avg; cut; development; growth; lucerne; season; seeding; stand; system; temperature; year", "summary": "Seeding year LAI development and yields tons/ha DM in individual cuts with different seeding rates in 1973 Fig. Seeding year LAI development and yields tons/ha DM in individual cuts with different seeding rates 488 Spring growth: y = \u20141.33 + 0.135 x (r = .85xxx ) Summer growth: y - \u20144.43 + 0.331 x (r = .S?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72049", "words": "4194", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Korkman, Johan", "title": "The effect of selenium fertilizers on the selenium content of barley, spring wheat and potatoes ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "barley; content; fertilizer; potatoes; selenium; selenium content; soil", "summary": "fertilizer grain selenium content Se*) fl g/kg Sc content limed unlimcd 1979 1978 kernel middle husk kernel middle husk mean 1 0.00%5e 0.00 %Se 60 55 75 60 65 75 65 a 2a 0.00%5c 0.01 % barley grain Se content 11 g/kg dry matter 1978 spraying residual effect in 1979 1. untreated 10 10 2 0.1 kg/ha", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72050", "words": "30038", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Schulman, Axel", "title": "Exertional myopathy in Finnish Landrace pigs a survey of the situation and evaluation of different control methods ", "date": "1980", "keywords": "1976; 1978; activity; animals; bickhardt; blood; blood group; breeding; carcase; ck activity; ck test; et al; factor; finnish; frequency; gene; group; h blood; hal+ pigs; haln; halothane; halothane test; index; jensen; landrace; landrace pigs; meat; meat colour; meat quality; muscle; percentage; phi; pigs; points; proc; pse meat; results; samples; serum; sires; stress; study; table; test; test pigs; testing; type; webb", "summary": "ELDIK (1975) stated that the feeding of test pigs ad libidum or with a restricted diet did not affect the results of the test. Test pigs have been transported over short and long dis- tances and for different lengths of time in different temperatures, and have also been exercised on tread mills.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72051", "words": "6264", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Sorteberg, Asbj\u00f8rn", "title": "Effects of sewage sludge application on the yield of different crops and the uptake of some heavy metals", "date": "1981", "keywords": "application; barley; content; crops; effect; experiment; grain; metals; oats; pot; sewage sludge; sludge; soil; straw; year", "summary": "The rates arc given in dry matter per pot of 5 litres (per hectare in brac- -kets): a. Without sewage sludge b. 50 g sewage sludge (20 tons) c. 200 g \u201d \u201d (80 tons) Three replicates. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND 1 Maatalouslieleellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 11:1-11, 1981 Effects of sewage sludge application on the yield of different crops and the uptake of some heavy metals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72052", "words": "4563", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Effect of decreasing acidity on the extractability of inorganic soil phosphorus ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "acid; desorption; extraction; koh; liming; phosphate; phosphorus; resin; results; samples; soil; water", "summary": "https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=9cKDcXFD4a6ZW0FX.4_lgcX7zfWGYuz5ffKRn7Q.n59cwjbG2F1GdyRIX8Z73chyBGcxadgJ2zJIo3eduKcKB1w7DfNpchKTqEkZk9yKemZQ-Gf3lERR3HPsMdNcnuz602XgieKCf9UhF3pU47uldZ2vuFPZ79Hgt6p_UkxhmTQRYqwMzAO91iUG8wPx5L8iafddTOsmIN4ota-2VSNzPRIq3Q 17 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acidity on the extracta- bility of soil phosphorus. Reactions of soil phosphorus were investigated by a modified CHANG and JACKSON (1957) fractionation Table 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72053", "words": "6035", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Storage fungi of onion and their control", "date": "1981", "keywords": "allii; botrytis; effect; experiments; fungi; fungus; fusarium; infection; onions; oxysporum; plants; sets; spraying; storage", "summary": "Fungal determinations carried out on the onion sets The fungi present on onion sets intended for field trials, as well as the degree of infection, were determined by incubating bisected onion sets, which had first been surface sterilised in 1 % sodium hypochlorite, on filter paper in petri dishes (o=l4 cm) for 10 days. No storage studies have been carried out since onion sets came into com- mon use.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72054", "words": "3271", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri; Heikkil\u00e4, Tuomo; Jaakkola, Antti", "title": "Fertilizer effect and a model for forecasting yields ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "development; experimental; fertilizer; function; model; use; yield", "summary": "The graphs of some estimated functions 46 47 5. Application for forecasting yield for the whole country In Chapter 2 the function 2.4. was derived which can be applied for long term forecasting. A para- bolic function is applied to represent the fertilizer effect on yields.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72055", "words": "2148", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Pekkarinen, Eeva", "title": "Nutritive value for growing pigs of pekilo protein and torula yeast grown in spent sulphite liquour ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "crude; digestibility; ether; fat; pekilo; pigs; protein; torula; values", "summary": "Energy values when crude fat is determined as ether extract (1), and as HCI-ether extract (2), and DCP values. In respect to barley there is no difference in energy value between these two fat determination methods: the HCI -method shows a higher fat content, and lower digestibility correspondingly.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72056", "words": "2986", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti; Alaviuhkola, Timo", "title": "Polyol mixture supplementation as a sweetener and/or feed additive in the diet of piglets ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "feed; groups; mixture; olaquindox; piglets; polyol; weaning", "summary": "Ingredients, % Creep feed 1 Sugar 2 Sugar + 3 Polyol 4 Polyol + Lactation Olaquindox2 Olaquindox2 diet Skim milk powder 0.50.5 0.50.5 1.6 Whole milk powder 3.53.5 3.53.5 Fish meal 6.06.0 6.06.0 5.4 Meat and bone meal 1.8 Dried grass 1.4 Rape seed meal 3.03.0 3.03.0 Soybean meal 14.014.0 14.014.0 3.4 Yeast 1.01.0 1.01.0 1.1 Oats 9.59.5 9.59.5 20.0 Barley 30.030.0 30.030.0 62.0 Oatmeal 20.020.0 20.020.0 Sucrose 4.04.0 - - - Sugar alcohol 8.08.0 Water 4.04.0 - - - Mineral and vitamin 1 4.54.5 4.54.5 3.2 Supplements 1 Provided per kg creep feed: NaCl sg, CaHP0 4 20 g, Zn 100 mg, Mn 47 In dry matter Creep feed Lactation 12 3 4 diet Sugar Sugar 4- Polyol Polyol + Olaquindox Olaquindox Dry matter, % 84.684.9 84.084.9 87.6 Ash,% 6.96.8 7.37.5 6.0 Crude protein, % 22.722.7 22.022.8 19.1 True protein, % 21.020.8 20.321.3 16.9 Ether extract, % 4.54.6 5.04.6 3.5 Crude fibre, % 5.05.1 5.15.5 6.2 NFE,% 60.960.8 60.659.6 6 5.2 Calcium g/kg 10.5810.39 10.8011.62 9.84 Phosphorus g/kg 7.677.64 7.497.36 6.84 Magnesium g/kg 1.611.68 1.761.64 1.78 Sodium g/kg 3.854.33 4.614.34 3.28 Potassium g/kg 7.687.31 7.537.18 5.39 Ironmg/kg 436 370 335 359 313 Coppermg/kg 144 139 155 112 10 Zincmg/kg 194 191 191 229 150 Manganese mg/kg 103 106 129 108 71 The dry matter percentage of the polyol mixture was 51.6 %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72057", "words": "3824", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kara, Osmo; Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Rehumaissin typpilannoituksesta ja sadetuksesta ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "application; avg; fertilization; fertilizer; keskim; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; kuiva; lannoitus; maissin; maize; mukaan; placement; protein; silage; taulukko; yields", "summary": "PAINin (1978) mukaan riitt\u00e4v\u00e4 N-lannoitus takaa runsaan lehtialan mahdollisimman aikaisin kev\u00e4\u00e4l- l\u00e4 ja voimistaa lehtialan kest\u00e4vyytt\u00e4 l\u00e4pi kasvukauden maksimi yhteytt\u00e4mistehok- kuuden kehitt\u00e4miseksi. ja 9.8. 20.7.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72058", "words": "3009", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Yl\u00e4ranta, Maritta; Ryyn\u00e4nen, Viljo", "title": "Consumption of working time in strawberry production ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "cultivation; picking; planting; plastic; time; working", "summary": "The consumption of working time (h/ha) in strawberry cultivation during the fallow period and the summer of planting. The consumption of working time (h/ha) and the yield (kg/ha) in strawberry cultivation during the first fruiting year.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72059", "words": "1856", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Ruokola, Anna-Liisa", "title": "Fungus diseases of cultivated arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) in Finland ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "arcticus; bramble; fungi; phoma; sacc; spp", "summary": "Samples were taken from all vegetative parts of R. arcticus clones, from lightly diseased to almost completely damaged ones, in an exceptional case also from the soil around the roots of a withering clone. At the present time, the experimental cultivation of R. arcticus has been centralized at the South Savo Experimental Station near Mikkeli and at the Institute of Horticulture at Piikki\u00f6, both belonging to the Agricultural Research Centre.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72060", "words": "3498", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Makkonen, Olli", "title": "Maatalousteknologian kehityksen historiallisia p\u00e4\u00e4linjoja", "date": "1981", "keywords": "andra; att; bild; den; det; efter; ett; europa; fr\u00e4n; f\u00f6r; f\u00f6re; f\u00f6rsta; har; hon; inte; kristus; kunde; man; med; m\u00e4nniskan; och; ocks\u00e4; redan; sig; sin; som; tid; tili; utveckling; var; vid; \u00e4nnu", "summary": "Att m\u00e4nniskan klev ner fr\u00e4n tr\u00e4den och till\u00e4gnade sig en uppr\u00e4tt st\u00e4llning, som m\u00f6jliggjorde anv\u00e4ndning av slagvapen och verktyg, var det f\u00f6rsta steget mot v\u00e4rldsherrav\u00e4lde, men en \u00e4nnu mera avg\u00f6rande faktor var eldens ibruktagande. Medelhavsl\u00e4ndernas folk anv\u00e4nde fortfarande en plogtyp som h\u00e4rstammade fr\u00e4n den torra zonens hydraulsamh\u00e4llen, och med vars hj\u00e4lp man blott kunde s\u00f6ndra jordytan.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72061", "words": "3016", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Rauramaa, Aino", "title": "The effect of ADD-H preservative (ammonium propionate) on the quality and feedingvalue of baled hay ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "add; farm; hay", "summary": "Treatments A and B were baled on 2 July, after a total of 17 mm rain; hay DM at baling was 78 %. The beneficial effect of ADD-H on the feeding value of baled hay was small; further study on this aspect is required.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72062", "words": "1425", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kivi, Erkki", "title": "The response of the mutation frequency of barley in M2 to the M1 harvesting method", "date": "1981", "keywords": "barley; ear; grain; harvesting; mutation", "summary": "The results demonstrate that one-grain-one-ear\u201d harvesting in M, produced higher frequencies of both albinas and xanthas in M 2 compared with an M 2 originating from whole ear harvesting of M|. The difference over an M 2 from whole ears of M, was positive both albinas and xanthas, and significant in the case of albinas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72063", "words": "4931", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Oksanen, H. E.; Nikander, S.", "title": "The epidemiology of ostertagiasis in cattle in Finland ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "abomasal; animals; cattle; fig; finland; infection; larvae; number; ostertagia; ostertagiasis; pasture; pepsinogen; samples; veter; westerkulla", "summary": "However, the degree of infection of grazing animals depends on the stocking rate of the pasture as well as on the number of L 3 in the pasture areas. Inhibited development in Ostertagia ostertagi infections a diapause phenomenon in a nematode.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72064", "words": "5672", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "Effect of liming on the magnesium status of some mineral soils and on the fate of fertilizer magnesium ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "acetate; ammonium; ammonium acetate; clay; content; extractable; fincsand; liming; magnesium; magnesium content; silty; soils", "summary": "The absolute decrease in soil magnesium content caused by liming was greatest in sandy clay (7) 3,6 mg/100 g and heavy clay 4,4 mg/100 g. Magnesium fertilization seemed to cover the decrease in soil magnesium content caused by liming in these soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72065", "words": "2600", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa", "title": "Pasture feeding of lambs with and without supplements in the conditions of Lapland ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "concentrate; experiments; feeding; grass; group; lambs; pasture; weight", "summary": "139 JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen Aikakaus\\tr] Vo/. )): 1)9-14}, 1981 Pasture feeding of lambs with and without supplements in the conditions of Lapland LIISA SYRJ\u00c4L\u00c4 Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki 71 Abstract. The need for feeding supplements to lambs on pasture was studied in 1977\u20141979 in northern Lapland at 69\u00b0 40\u2019 N and 27\u00b0 05\u2019 E, where the pasture period lasts from mid June to mid September.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72066", "words": "2164", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa", "title": "Raising lambs on natural and cultivated pastures in the conditions of Lapland ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "august; day; group; growth; lambs; leaves; pasture", "summary": "The lambs were divided into three similar groups, which were fed as follows: Group 1: Kept throughout the experiment on natural pasture Group 2: Kept throughout the experiment on cultivated pasture Group 3: Kept on natural pasture until 12.8. 1980 and after that on cultivated pasture. The corresponding gain of the lambs kept first on natural pasture and later on cultivated pasture (group 3) was 127 g/day, and that of the animals kept throughout on natural pasture (group 1) was 101 g/day.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72067", "words": "4396", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Uptake of soil P, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg and Ca by Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) induced by synthetic chelating agent ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "aluminium; chelating; clay; edta; iron; phosphorus; plants; soil; solution; uptake; yields", "summary": "The chemical analysis of the root matter would have elucidated the reactions of soil aluminium induced by chelation. The results of the present study are in accordance with the conception that under certain circumstances the complexation reactions may be of significance in improving the availability of soil phosphorus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72068", "words": "3375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti; Pohjonen, Veli", "title": "Green fodder from energy forest farming ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "composition; content; crude; leaves; matter; protein; willow", "summary": "The content of tannins was 4.1 % in willow leaves and 3.4 % in alder leaves. Crude fibre content of alder leaves was higher compared to willow leaves.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72069", "words": "15633", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Soini, Sylvi", "title": "Agriculture in northern Namibia, Owambo and Kawango 1965\u20141970", "date": "1981", "keywords": "animals; area; contents; crop; cultivation; east; farming; fields; fig; good; government; humus; kawango; methods; owambo; plants; ploughing; results; samples; sand; season; soils; south; table; trees; upland; use; valley; valley soils; virgin; water; west; work", "summary": "Soil conservation efforts, conservation of soil water for the cultivated plants and also in the underground reserves by preventing run-offs and limiting evaporation are very important and there are opportunities to work in many ways on both the small and large scale. Valleys with high plant nutrient soils will offer good pastures if overflow waters are stored in storage dams and better grass species are planted, instead of hard oshana- grass.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72070", "words": "6571", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Storage fungi of cabbage and their control", "date": "1981", "keywords": "cabbage; cinerea; control; effect; experiments; fig; fungus; losses; months; storage; stores; viikki; white", "summary": "1. Correlation between the merchantability and trimming losses of white cabbages stored at 1\u00b0 C in different years. A: y = -0.932 x + 94.08, r = 0.96 xxx B: y = -1.014 x + 94.53, r = 0.95 xxx C: y = -0.897 x + 89.60, r = O^?10\u2122 214 215 Temperature experiments The growth of Botryth cinerea, Plenodomus lingam and Whetyelinta sclerotiorum on white cabbages was tested in 1976 at temperatures of O\u00b0C, + 5\u00b0C and +2O\u00b0C.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72071", "words": "3133", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo; Hovinen, Simo", "title": "Variation in protein content of peas under Finnish conditions ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "content; correlations; factors; peas; protein; protein content; seed; seed yield; variation; yield", "summary": "Protein % Protein yield kg/ha 228 JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Voi. 1): 228-2)8, 1981 Variation in protein content of peas under Finnish conditions REIJO KARJALAINEN Department ofPlant Breeding, University ofHelsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki 71, Finland SIMO HOVINEN Hankkija Plant Breeding Institute, SF-04300 Hyryl\u00e4, Finland Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72072", "words": "15025", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "Requirement for magnesium fertilization in Finland", "date": "1981", "keywords": "acetate; agric; ammonium; amounts; calcium; effect; experiments; extractable; fertilizer magnesium; fertilizers; finland; increase; jokinen; level; liming; magnesium; magnesium content; magnesium fertilization; magnesium uptake; mineral; nitrogen; plants; potassium; soil; soil magnesium; year; yield", "summary": "When the experiments were carried out using coarse mineral soils, the magnesium uptake and magnesium content of the plants decreased during the second and third year as the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased. The increase in magnesium content of 260 grasses brought about by magnesium fertilization may be less than that for dicotyledenous plants (McNAUGHT et al. 1968).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72073", "words": "2290", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Tuori, Mikko; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa", "title": "Monensin feeding trial with young growing bulls", "date": "1981", "keywords": "anim; concentrate; control; feed; groups; monensin; silage", "summary": "Feed intake and live weight during the experiment. The effect of monensin on growth and feed utilization was studied in male calves of milk breeds, mainly Ayrshire.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72074", "words": "4790", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Pietinen, Pirjo", "title": "Sources of sodium in the Finnish diet ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "catering; consumption; daily; diet; food; industry; intake; nacl; salt; sodium; total", "summary": "This means the share of salt intake which is under the consumer\u2019s own control, the rest being nondiscretionary and out of his direct control. A community-based intervetion study on the feasibility and effects of the reduction of salt intake in North Karelia, Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72075", "words": "4060", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "Objectives and means in Finnish agricultural policy", "date": "1981", "keywords": "agricultural; farm; income; level; policy; price; production; self; sufficiency", "summary": "Production policy The functional task of production policy is generally speaking to achieve the desired production goals to increase and/or control production. Characteristics and main goals of agricultural price policy in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72076", "words": "3599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "R\u00e4s\u00e4nen, Leena; Nuurtamo, Marja", "title": "Intakes of twenty-four mineral elements by Finnish rural children ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "children; elements; energy; food; intakes; mean; mineral; mineral elements", "summary": "The intakes of essentia) mineral elements would increase if the share of refined foods such as dietary fats, sugar and candy were to be decreased in the children s diet. Introduction The need to obtain information about the dietary intakes of mineral elements in various populations has become topical, since many trace elements previously considered non-essential have been shown, during the 1970\u20195, to be essential for animals and man (UNDERWOOD 1977).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72077", "words": "1908", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa", "title": "Mineral and trace element supply of sheep on grass silage based feeding ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "element; mineral; silage; trace", "summary": "P Mg K Na Fe Cu Zn % % of DM Mn Grass 17.2 10.6 6.3 3.3 1.9 34.6 04 0.42 0.01 0.07 AIV I silage 18 5 10.6 6.0 4.3 2.0 31.0 0.3 0.45 0.01 0.03 Formic acid silage 19.0 10.1 6.1 4.1 2.1 32.0 0.3 0.31 0.01 0.03 Vihcr-solution silage 18.3 10.7 6.5 3.9 2.2 32.0 0.2 0.40 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 Table 2. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND 302 Maataloustieteellinen A il(ak,ausk.irja Vo/. SJ .JO2\u2014JO6, 1981 Mineral and trace element supply of sheep on grass silage based feeding LIISA SYRJ\u00c4L\u00c4-QVIST Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki 71 Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72078", "words": "2543", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; Tuori, Mikko", "title": "Field peas as a protein source for high-production dairy cows on grass silage and hay based feeding ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "group; milk; pea; peas; period; production; protein; soybean", "summary": "Pea bean pea bean pea DM intake, kg/d Hay 1.65 1.57 1.34 4.15 3.89 4.02 Silage 7.19 7.23 7.36 6.00 5.83 5.97 Concentrate 7.71 7.36 7.75 7.16 6.75 7.06 Total 16.55 16.16 16.46 17.30 16.47 17.05 f.u. intake 14.11 13.71 14.09 14.13 13.49 14.08 DCP intake, g/d 1883 1826 1899 1968 1855 1908 Liveweight, kg 519 542 520 526 539 532 Liveweight change, kg/d +0.20 +0.07 +0.13 FCM, kg/day 26.9 26.8 28.1 23.4 23.4 23.0 Milk fat% 4.77 4.58 4.70 4.74 4.59 4.64 protein % 3.17 2.99 3.03 3.47 3.21 3.42 DM% 13.41 12.99 13.12 13.63 13.15 13.49 Milk fat,g/day 1152 1127 1197 1000 983 970 protein, g/day . At higher milk production levels protein concentrates are necessary, because of difficulties caused by the bulk of the diet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72079", "words": "3472", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Saloniemi, Hannu; Tuori, Mikko; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Puolanne, Eero", "title": "Production environment of beef cattle farms in relation to the incidence of DFD meat ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "animals; area; dfd meat; farms; hygiene; incidence; level; pens; slaughterhouse", "summary": "Housing practice in slaughterhouses Hygiene level om farms individual pen group pen orstanding DFD % n DFD % n good 1.7 229 4.4 68 poor 6J| 147 33J 157 z 2 = 6.38, P< 0.02 =21.17, P< 0.001 Table 5. The occurrence of DFD meat (%) in relation to management practices in the areas of three slaughterhouses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72080", "words": "2285", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Yl\u00e4ranta, Maritta; Ryyn\u00e4nen, Viljo", "title": "Labour consumption in blackcurrant production ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "consumption; cultivation; harvesting; hours; labour", "summary": "Task Method A Method B Man Tractor Man Tractor hours hours hours hours 1. The total area of blackcurrant cultivation included in the study was 1 36,7 ha.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72081", "words": "4518", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Pulli, Seppo; Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "Genetic and management adaptation of field bean (Vicia faba L.) in Finland ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "bean; days; field; mikko; plant; seeding; time; variety", "summary": "The main objectives were to study the effects of seeding time and population density on the quantity and quality of the yield and the vegetative features in the development of two different types of field bean varieties. Field bean seed weight decreased as seeding date was delayed or seeding rate increased (Table 5) as shown also by CHRISTENSEN (1972).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72082", "words": "20442", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi", "title": "The interaction of microorganisms and the herbicides chlorthiamid and dichlobenil ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "1970; 2,6; acid; bacteria; carbon; chlorthiamid; cleavage; compound; cultures; days; dechlorination; degradation; dichlobenil; dichlorobenzamide; effects; fig; growth; herbicides; incubation; medium; metabolism; microbial; microorganisms; ring; soil; source; strains; test; value; weeks", "summary": "Characteriiation of microorganisms isolated Twelve strains growing on acid medium A and 56 on medium B were isolated for further examination. In gas-chromatographic analyses the ether extracts of pH 11 of five weeks old cultures of Arthrohacter strains 57, 58 and 59 contained dichlobenil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72083", "words": "53680", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "M\u00e4ntylahti, V\u00e4in\u00f6", "title": "Determination of plant-available manganese in Finnish soils ", "date": "1981", "keywords": "= 0,05; acid; acid soil; air; ascorbic; carbon content; chloride; clay content; contents; effect; et al; exchangeable; experiment; extractable; extraction; hydroquinone; hydroxylammonium; iron content; j. soil; kg soil; layer; layer samples; manganese content; manganese extractable; manganese manganese; manganese mn; manganese oxides; manganese uptake; matter content; method; mineral soil; oxidation; p =; plant manganese; plough; potential; reducible; resin; results; ryegrass yield; soil groups; soil manganese; soil material; soil moisture; soil ph; soil properties; soil redox; soil samples; soil sci; soil soil; soil solution; soil suspension; soil variables; soil x; soils; table; total; trivalent manganese; variation; water; yield", "summary": "The Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Research Centre, Tikkurila, has provided me with the opportunity to carry out the experiment concerning effects of microbiological activity and organic matter on the extractability of soil manganese. A cation exchange resin method was developed for extracting soil manganese.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72084", "words": "3178", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Kanniainen, Vesa; Volk, Raija", "title": "Hintas\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6stely, subventiot ja kuluttajan ylij\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4: Sovellutus maataloustuotteiden kysynt\u00e4\u00e4n ja tarjontaan ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; fig; hinta; hintas\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6stelyn; joka; jos; kohden; kuin; kuluttajan; kuva; kuvassa; maataloustuotteiden; my\u00f6s; nyt; olisi; ovat; sen; siten; sit\u00e4; subvention; tuotannon; tuotantoyksik\u00f6n; tuottajien; t\u00e4m\u00e4; vaikutus; vallitessa; ylij\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4", "summary": "N\u00e4m\u00e4 eiv\u00e4t kuiten- kaan kokonaan voi kompensoida lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneit\u00e4 menoja, koska ylituotanto on markkinoitava maailmanmarkkinoilla, joilla esiintyy monia muita markki- noijia ja hinta on suhteellisen alhainen. Niinp\u00e4 k\u00e4sityksemme on, ett\u00e4 sellaisten politiikkav\u00e4lineiden kuten tuonti- rajoitusten, hintas\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6stelyn ja tuotanto- ja pinta-alasubventioiden vaiku- tukset tuotantoon ja hintoihin tai vaikkapa inflaation, verotuksen ja poisto- s\u00e4\u00e4d\u00f6sten vaikutukset p\u00e4\u00e4omakustannukseen ovat kysymyksi\u00e4,", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72085", "words": "3982", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa", "title": "The degradation and utilization of formaldehyde-treated urea by rumen microbes in vitro ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "ammonia; hcho; incubation; protein; rumen; synthesis; treatment; urea", "summary": "The low protein synthesis with F lO urea was rather unexpected, because the amount of fermented organic matter was highest when this urea was used. Since the ammonia release from F lO urea was also high, it is possible that the reaction between urea and HCHO was not properly balanced.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72086", "words": "2827", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa", "title": "Effect of the crude protein level on the utilization of untreated and formaldehyde-treated urea in vitro ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "amino; ammonia; level; protein; rumen; synthesis; urea", "summary": "Effect of crude protein level and added urea on the amino acid composition of the bacterial mass, when untreated (F 0) and treated (F,_ s) urea were used. Effect of crude protein level on microbial protein yield (mg/hr/40 mg fermentor contents), when untreated or formaldehyde-treated urea was used.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72087", "words": "3964", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa", "title": "Effect of formaldehyde-treated urea on rumen fermentation, ration digestibility and nitrogen utilization ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "exp; formaldehyde; nitrogen; protein; protozoa; rumen; table; treatment; urea", "summary": "Pid\u00e4ttyneen typen osuudet sy\u00f6dyn typen kokonaism\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4st\u00e4 olivat F 0 -, FLO FJjO -jaF s 0 -ruokinnalla (koe 1) sek\u00e4 F 0 F, 0 - ja F l s - ruokinnalla (koe 2) vastaavasti 15.0, 10.8, 13.2 ja 12.2 sek\u00e4 20.5, 20.2 ja 21.2 prosenttia. Rumen ammonia levels be- fore and 1-4 hours after feeding.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72088", "words": "4178", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa", "title": "Untreated and formaldehyde-treated urea as nitrogen sources for lactating dairy cows ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "cows; formaldehyde; group; milk; nitrogen; period; protein; test; urea", "summary": "Milk yield and composition The cows receiving HCHO-urea produced more 4 % milk during the test period than the group given untreated urea but the difference was not statistically significant (Fig. 1). Among the cows producing less than 15kg of 4 % milk/day, the group given treated urea had a significantly (P< 0.05) higher milk fatcontent.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72089", "words": "3774", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Aspila, Pentti", "title": "Untreated and formaldehyde-treated urea as nitrogen sources for young growing bulls ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "animals; groups; nitrogen; period; protein; qvist; rumen; set\u00e4l\u00e4; syrj\u00e4l\u00e4; urea; utilization", "summary": "According to the results of SET\u00c4L\u00c4 and SYRJ\u00c4L\u00c4-QVIST (1982 a, b, d), this could also have been expected in this experiment, because the crude protein level of the total ration was within the range suggested as optimal for the utilization of treated urea in a diet of this kind. and it received more amino acids totally than the group given treated urea.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72090", "words": "1711", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko", "title": "Formaldehyde content of milk: 1. Cows fed on protein concentrates treated with different amounts of formaldehyde ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "formaldehyde; milk; protein", "summary": "According to FOGERTY and JOHN- SON (1980), milk and some other foods contain at least small amounts of formaldehyde, generally less than 10 mg/kg, but not necessarily in the form of free formaldehyde. However, somewhat varying results have been obtained especially as regards the occurrence of formaldehyde in milk.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72091", "words": "3208", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko", "title": "Formaldehyde content of milk: 2.Cows fed on grass silage preserved with formaldehyde-containing additive and on formaldehyde-treated urea ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "content; cows; exp; formaldehyde; hcho; milk; silage; urea", "summary": "Cows fed on grass silage preserved with formaldehyde-containing additive and on formaldehyde-treated urea LIISA SYRJ\u00c4L\u00c4-QVIST and JOUKO SET\u00c4L\u00c4 Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki 71 Abstract. 1975.Live-weight gain, feed intake and wool growth of lambs on different grass silages and sucrose and starch supplements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72092", "words": "5447", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "Effect of liming on the value of magnesium sulphate and two dolomitic limestones as magnesium sources for ryegrass ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "ammonium; calcium; content; extractable; limestone; magnesium; magnesium sulphate; pot; ryegrass; soil", "summary": "JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja 77 Voi. S4: 77-88, 1982 Effect of liming on the value of magnesium sulphate and two dolomitic limestones as magnesium sources for rye- grass RAILI JOKINEN University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, SF-00710 Helsinki 71, Finland. On an acid soil the dolomitic limestones used were a more effective source of magnesium than magnesium sulphate, though on almost neutral soil there was little difference between the two, despite the large difference in the amount of magnesium applied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72093", "words": "4565", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Watersoluble phosphorus in Finnish mineral soils and its dependence on soil properties ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "clay; heavy; naoh; phosphate; phosphorus; soil; soluble; water", "summary": "Also in the present investigation there existed only slight, if any, dependence between water soluble P and soil pH. According to common knowledge, the availability of soil P improves with decreasing soil acidity. The nature of P bonding seemed to be of major importance in controlling the extractability of soil P into water.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72094", "words": "4356", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Ruokola, Anna-Liisa", "title": "Fungus diseases of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in Finland ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "applanata; blight; cane; fungi; fungus; muskoka; ottawa; raspberry; sacc; samples", "summary": "In raspberry cane samples kept moist and at a low temperature of about 10\u00b0 - + 10\u00b0C during the winter pseudothecia of D. applanata, developed slightly. The peak of pycnospore release on raspberry canes was in July 1981.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72095", "words": "2140", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "K\u00e4\u00e4ntee, Esa; Kurkela, Paavo; Jaakkola, Kaarlo", "title": "Effects of dietary organic selenium content on fowls, chicks and eggs ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "eggs; selenium", "summary": "Dietary levels Egg yolk White of egg Whole egg ug Se/kg DM ug Se/kg fresh yolk ug Se/kg fresh ug Se/kg fresh white contents The chicks and egg contents were investigated clinically after hatching.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72096", "words": "2988", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa", "title": "Comparison of grass silage utilization by reindeer and sheep: 1. Palatability, feeding values and nutrient supply ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "day; digestibility; feeding; protein; reindeer; sheep; silage; syrj\u00e4l\u00e4", "summary": "Live-weight gain, feed intake and wool growth of lambs on different grass silages and sucrose and starch supplements. This was also the case with reindeer in an experiment where different silages were compared (SYRJ\u00c4L\u00c4 and VALMARI 1977); an increase in the amount of fermentation products decreased the intake of silage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72097", "words": "3213", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa", "title": "Comparison of grass silage utilization by reindeer and sheep: 2. Rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "feeding; reindeer; rumen; sheep; silage; syrj\u00e4l\u00e4; values", "summary": "Rumen samples were taken before feeding, and 2'/i and 5/i hours after the beginning of feeding. Rumen samples were taken three times in each of the last two days of every experimental period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72098", "words": "2280", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Huida, Lea", "title": "Gas chromatographic determination of water and ethanol in silage by internal standard method ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "ethanol; gas; silage; standard; water", "summary": "Water analysis Ethanol analysis Columns Chromosorb 101, 80/100 mesh same lenght 1.5 m, i.d. 2 mm Oven temperature 140\u00b0C same Detectors Thermal conductivity 250\u00b0C Hydrogen flame ionization 300\u00b0C Injector temperature 250\u00b0C same Carrier gas flow rate helium 30 ml/min helium 22 ml/min Injection volume about 2 p\\ about 1 /j.\\ Hewlett Packard integrators After a pause of one hour between sample runs, the RWR was checked by injecting water standard solution.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72099", "words": "2850", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Tuori, Mikko; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko", "title": "Rapeseed meal as a protein source for high-production dairy cows on grass silage-and hay-based feeding ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "cows; groups; meal; milk; period; protein; rapeseed", "summary": "Substitution of rapeseed meal for soybean meal as a source of protein for lactating cows. Twenty-four dairy cows were used in an experiment in which 1) soybean meal, 2) rapeseed meal and 3) rapeseed meal plus urea were compared for feeding value, when given as protein sources in grass silage- and hay-based feeding.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72100", "words": "2976", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Lallukka, Ulla; Varis, Eero; Repo, Ritva", "title": "The effect of the source of nitrogen on protein fractions and their proportions in barley grains ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "application; barley; crop; field; fractions; nitrogen; prolamin; protein; total", "summary": "The preceeding leguminous crops, pea and field bean, increased the nitrogen content in barley as well as the proportion of prolamin N. The share of prolamin N in barley following leguminous plants was higher than in barley following oats, where the similar total N content was due to fertilizer nitrogen. In this case there was no clear difference in the proportions of prolamin N between the treatments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72101", "words": "22444", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Hemil\u00e4, Kalevi", "title": "Measuring technological change in agriculture: an application based on the ces production function ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "agriculture; capital; capital inputs; change; elasticity; farms; fig; finland; growth; inputs; labour; measuring; method; output; parameter; price; production; production function; productivity; research; results; returns; scale; study; substitution; technology; values; year", "summary": "Technological change 173 1.1. Characteristics of technological change 175 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72102", "words": "6252", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz; Tahvonen, Risto; Raininko, Ky\u00f6sti; Nuormala, Nils", "title": "Damping-off of sugar beet in Finland: I. Causal agents and some factors affecting the disease ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "beet; betae; debaryanum; disease; emergence; fig; fungi; fungus; number; phoma; plants; pythium; samples; seedlings; soil; sugar; sugar beet", "summary": "Sugar beet diseases and their control. Sugar beet diseases in Ireland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72103", "words": "2348", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Relationship between phosphorus intensity and capacity parameters in Finnish mineral soils: I Interpretation and application of phosphorus sorption-desorption isotherms", "date": "1982", "keywords": "concentration; desorption; isotherm; phosphate; soil; solution", "summary": "The interpretation and application of two types of P isotherms were elucidated by means of sorption-desorption graphs of two surface soil samples. The relationship between the intensity and capacity parameters can be studied by P isotherms of various types.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72104", "words": "5751", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Relationship between phosphorus intensity and capacity parameters in Finnish mineral soils: II Sorption-desorption isotherms and their relation to soil characteristics ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "concentration; isotherm; phosphate; soil; solution; sorption; values; water", "summary": "In the isotherms A, expressing the retention or removal of P as a function of Pin the initial solution, the absolute values of the constants aa describe the solubility of soil P in pure water. As expected on the basis of the associations stated above, the EBS (=EPC) values correlated moderately with the soil characteristics found by HAR- TIKAINEN (1982 a) to regulate the extractability of soil P into water (Table 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72105", "words": "2579", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Nutritive value of Eurolysine bacterial protein and Pekilo protein for growing pigs ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "crude; eurolysine; meal; pekilo; pigs; protein; soybean", "summary": "Digestibility and balance trials were performed with six growing pigs, to evaluate the nutritive value and protein utilization of Eurolysine bacterial protein and Pekilo protein used to replace 50 % or 100 % of soybean supplement in a barley-based diet. In the present metabolic experiment Eurolysine bacterial protein and Pekilo protein were used as supplements in diets for growing pigs, and their value as protein sources was compared with that of soybean meal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72106", "words": "3117", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Performance of laying hens on diets containing Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "diets; eurolysine; feed; hens; meal; pekilo; protein; supplement", "summary": "The investigation was made to determine to what extent soybean meal and fish meal protein in the diet of laying hens can be replaced by Eurolysine bacterial protein, a by-product of lysine fermentation, or with Pekilo protein. The results of this study suggest that Eurolysine bacterial protein and Pekilo protein can be used as protein sources for laying hens, and can compose up to 50 % of the protein supplement in the diet, provided account is taken of the requirements for sulphur-containing amino acids. Acknowledgements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72107", "words": "2299", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti; Huida, Lea", "title": "Digestibility of amino acids in pig diets containing Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein, with special reference to a gas chromatographic method used in amino acid determination ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "acid; amino; diet; digestibilities; eurolysine; pekilo; protein", "summary": "JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja 279 Vol. 54:279-285, 1982 Digestibility of amino acids in pig diets containing Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein, with spe- cial reference to a gas chromatographic method used in amino acid determination MATTI N\u00c4SI 1 AND LEA HUIDA 2 1 Department ofAnimal Husbandry, University ofHelsinki, 00710 Helsinki 71 2 Institute of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural Research Centre, 36100 Jokioinen Abstract. The apparent faecal digestibilities of amino acids were determined in growing pigs on diets in which 50 % or 100 % soybean meal supplement was replaced by Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72108", "words": "4644", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4; Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Chloride and sulphate solutions as extractants for soil P: I Effect of ionic species and ionic strength on P desorption\u00a0", "date": "1982", "keywords": "kci; salt; soil; soluble; solutions; strength; sulphate; water", "summary": "JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OFFINLAND Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja 287 Vol. 54:287-296, 1982 Chloride and sulphate solutions as extractants for soil P I Effect of ionic species and ionic strength on P desorp- tion HELIN\u00c4 HARTIKAINEN and MARKKU YLI-HALLA Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki 71 Abstract. The effect of Cl and SO 2 ', anions as well as that of the ionic strength on the desorption of soil P were studied in 102 mineral soil samples by extracting them with KCI and K2 SO, solutions at ionic strengths of 0.025 and 0.1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72109", "words": "3348", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4; Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Chloride and sulphate solutions as extractants for soil P: II Dependence of the relative extraction power of chloride and sulphate solutions on some soil properties\u00a0", "date": "1982", "keywords": "chloride; ratio; soil; sulphate", "summary": "When comparing their solutions as extractants for soil P or supporting media for P adsorption, the choice of electrolyte concentration has been based on the molarity (MATTSON et al. 1950) or normality (KURTZ et al. 1946, LEHR and WESEMAEL 1952) of the salts, or on the same cationic concentration of the solutions (ST\u00c4HLBERG 1980). The purpose of the \u25a0present study was to investigate the influence of soil properties on the relative extractability power of chloride and sulphate anions as well as to get further information about sulphate solutions as extractants for soil P, a method recently presented by ST\u00c4HLBERG (1980).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72110", "words": "3078", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Nutritive value of rapeseed meals and cakes for pigs and sheep ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "cakes; digestibility; meal; pigs; protein; rapeseed; rsm; span; torch", "summary": "Nutritive value of rapeseed meals and cakes for pigs and sheep MAIJA-LIISA SALO Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki 71, Finland Abstract. Digestibility and nutritive value for growing pigs, liveweight 40-70 kg, were determined for high glucosinolate (HG) Span and Torch (Brassica campestris) rapeseed meals (RSM) and cakes (RSC), and for low glucosinolate (LG) Regent (B. napus) RSM and DF-15 (B. campestris)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72111", "words": "6390", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Varis, Anna-Liisa; Helenius, Juha; Koivulehto, Kari", "title": "Pollen spectrum of Finnish honey\u00a0", "date": "1982", "keywords": "average; bees; brassicaceae; brassicaceae pollen; counts; fig; grains; honey; number; plants; pollen; pollen types; samples; spp; total; types", "summary": "Discussion Number of pollen types The number of honey samples studied was sufficient to reveal the commonest types of pollen in Finnish honey. The factors considered were: intercorrelations between pollen types, annual variation, regional variation, and variation connected with the bee race.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72112", "words": "3401", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Rapeseed meal as a protein source for growing pigs", "date": "1982", "keywords": "control; diet; feed; meal; pigs; protein; rapeseed; rsm", "summary": "Diet 1 contained Span rapeseed meal (RSM) 17 % and pea 5 %, diet 2 RSM 8 % and fish meal 4 %, and diet 3 (control) soybean meal (SBM) 5.5 % and fish meal 4 %. Some cultivars of rape (Brassica campestris mainly) thrive well, and rapeseed meal (RSM) is finding increased acceptance as a protein source for livestock.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72113", "words": "3169", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Kuitum\u00e4\u00e4rityksen merkitys kotiel\u00e4inten ruokinnassa ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "agric; digestibility; eli; eri; ett\u00e4; fibre; hemiselluloosa; hyvin; jos; koska; kuidun; kuin; ligniini; liian; lis\u00e4ksi; menetelm\u00e4t; mutta; my\u00f6s; ole; oli; ovat; raakakuitu; rehun; salo; sek\u00e4; selluloosa; sen; van; v\u00e4h\u00e4n", "summary": "Ep\u00e4loogi- sen sulavuustiedon selitys lienee siin\u00e4, ett\u00e4 kokeessa on perusrehuna ollut ohra, joka sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 sulavaa kuitua hyvin v\u00e4h\u00e4n, ja metodiset ja muut virheet ovat tulleet rouheen osalle. ja ammoniakki- k\u00e4sittely ei n\u00e4y kuituprosentissa, vaikka sulavuus paranisi 10-20 prosenttiyk- sikk\u00f6\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72114", "words": "5092", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Mett\u00e4l\u00e4, Aila; Koponen, Maarit; Pirinen, Heikki; Korkman, Johan", "title": "The effect of fertilization and crop rotation on soil chemical and biological properties. Field trials on a clay soil in Southern Finland", "date": "1982", "keywords": "activity; content; crop; effect; fertilization; level; ley; monoculture; nitrogen; plots; rotation; soil", "summary": "Since the total amounts of nitrogen (0.3 %) did not differ appreciably, it appears that neither nitrogen fertilizer application nor the clover-timothy ley had a long-term effect on nitrogen content in the soil in question. While the nitrogen content of the soil may vary according to the proportion of legumes in the ley (CLEMENT 1961), the cultivation of legumes does not necessarily increase nitrogen content, although it always results in activation of the soil nitrogen (LYON 1930).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72115", "words": "4345", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "The suppressiveness of Finnish light coloured Sphagnum peat ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "effect; growing; lots; new; peat; plants; spp; streptomyces; viride", "summary": "Effect of peat lots from different sources on damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Plenodomus lingam on caulif- lower after the seedlings had been grow- ing for 3 weeks. Almost all the seeds growing in steam-sterilised peat and in peat lots with a weaker suppressiveness died (Fig. 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72116", "words": "4315", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Preliminary experiments into the use of Streptomyces spp. isolated from peat in the biological control of soil and seed-borne diseases in peat culture\u00a0", "date": "1982", "keywords": "control; culmorum; isolates; peat; seeds; soil; spp; stock; streptomyces; suspension; treatment", "summary": "Effect of Streptomyces suspensions homogenised in the nutrient solution and in the original growing solution when carrying out soil treatment on the incidence of seed-borne foot rot caused by Fusarium culmorum on barley. Streptomyces Seed treatment Soil treatment isolate No. emergence-%", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72117", "words": "5962", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "The efficiency of dolomitic limestone, basic slag and peat ash as liming agents, and as calcium and magnesium sources for turnip rape ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "agents; ash; content; dolomite; experiment; incubation; lime; liming; pot; sand; slag; soils; table", "summary": "Incubation and pot experiments were carried out on muddy fine sand and fine sand soils to determine the efficiency of dolomitic limestone and of industrial by-products, basic slag and peat ash, as liming agents. The proportion of non-exchangeable Ca at pH 7 of the amount added in 2.4 g liming agents was for calcitic limestone 14 and 23 %, for dolomitic limestone 42 and 52 %, for peat ash 27 and 51 %, and for basic slag 59 and 64 %, in the muddy fine sand and fine sand soils, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72118", "words": "4352", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Jaakkola, Antti; Syv\u00e4lahti, Jorma; Saari, Esko", "title": "Contents of mineral elements in Finnish cereal straw ", "date": "1982", "keywords": "contents; d.m; elements; grain; mineral; range; straw", "summary": "3240 1170-6290 Phosphorus (P), g/kg D.M. 3.54 2.1 - 4.4 1.48 0.15- 3.9 Potassium (K), g/kg D.M. 5.0 3.8 - 7.2 20.5 8 -32 Calcium (Ca), g/kg D.M. 0.66 0.4 - 1.0 2.31 1.3 - 5.1 Magnesium (Mg), g/kg D.M. 1.24 0.9 1.5 1.46 0.7 2.6 Manganese (Mn), mg/kg D.M. 78 30 -190 191 20 -560 Copper (Cu), mg/kg D.M, 3.0 0.2 - 5.6 3.9 1.5 - 7 Zinc (Zn), mg/kg D.M. 40 26 -63 40 8.7 -94 Boron (B), mg/kg D.M. 1.0 0.6 - 2.5 3.1 1.7 - 7.3 Molybdenum (Mo), mg/kg D.M. 0.35 0.1 - 0.6 0.56 0.1 - 1.2 Selenium (Se), mg/kg D.M. 0.00 0.00- 0.02 0.01 0.00- 0.04 Cadmium (Cd), mg/kg D.M. 0.10 0.00- 0.55 0.14 0.04 0.35 most pronounced differences were the higher contents of boron and espe- cially manganese in barley straw. The samples of barley straw were taken from 26 plot pairs: the Kymen- laakso Experimental Station (1), the Central Finland Experimental Station, Laukaa (3), the Central-Pohjanmaa Experimental Station, Toholampi (5), the Kainuu Experimental Station, Vaala (5), the Karjala Experimental Station, Tohmaj\u00e4rvi (8) and from private farms in Utaj\u00e4rvi (2) and Vaala (2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72119", "words": "2736", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti; Ikonen, Matti; Antila, Matti", "title": "Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) whey product as protein source for growing pigs\u00a0", "date": "1982", "keywords": "cmc; content; milk; pigs; product; protein; skim; whey", "summary": "Protein supplement Skim milk 100 % Skim milk 50 % CMC whey 100 % CMC whey 50 % x SD x SD x SD PCV, % 37.9 4.4 39.5 3.2 39.9 5.3 Hb, g/1 124.8 10.7 127.2 12.6 128.2 16.3 Plasma glucose, mmol/1 5.7 0.5 5.3 0.2 5.5 0.5 Urea, mmol/1 3.1 0.5 2.4 0.6 2.1 0.9 Total protein, g/1 66 4 66 4 66 4 Albumin, g/1 43 4 42 3 43 4 Creatinine, /imol/1 173 19 172 17 161 13 Cholesterol, mmol/1 2.9 0.1 3.0 0.2 2.9 0.3 Total bilirubin, p.mol/1 1.4 0.4 1.1 0.2 1.3 0.5 P, mmol/1 2.7 0.1 2.7 0.1 2.7 0.1 Ca, mmol/1 3.0 0.2 2.9 0.1 3.0 0.3 Mg, mmol 0.90 0.03 0.83 0.05 0.79 0.07 AP, p.kat/1 12.6 2.6 12.7 2.0 12.9 1.9 ALAT, Atkat/1 0.54 0.10 0.52 0.06 0.45 0.08 ASAT, ju.kat/1 0.62 0.19 0.64 0.10 0.62 0.22 CK, p.kat/1 30.0 3.6 25.3 13.6 26.1 10.9 Y-GT, hkat/1 0.77 0.85 0.54 0.29 0.72 0.55 LDH, p.kat/1 25.4 6.4 24.7 5.6 26.2 9.9 The effect of CMC whey on clinicalchemical blood parameters was also investigated.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72120", "words": "32549", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko", "title": "The nylon bag technique in the determination of ruminal feed protein degradation", "date": "1983", "keywords": "1977; 1978; ammonia; animals; bags; barley; concentrates; crude; degradability; diet; differences; effect; et al; feed; feed protein; feeding; grass; hay; hours; incubation; matter; meal; period; protein; protein degradation; rapeseed; rate; results; roughage; rumen; sample; sci; sheep; silage; solubility; soybean; table; time; vitro", "summary": "ORSKOV and FRASER (1973) and TAMMINGA et al. (1979) pointed out that the feeding level can also have an influence on feed protein degradation measured using duodenal cannulated animals. ELIMAM and ORSKOV (1982a, b) have suggested that, as the feeding level increases, the outflow of feed particles from the rumen also increases, thus allowing rumen microbes a shorter time to degrade feed protein. Feed protein degradation in the rumen 9 2.1.1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72121", "words": "3105", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Puna- ja mustaherukan kantojen sienet ja lahoisuus vuoden kuluttua leikkauksesta ja leikkausajan vaikutus mustaherukan kasvuun ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "cinerea; currant; kankerdood; kantojen; kuin; mustaherukalla; mustaherukan; oli; pruning; sienet; spp; stumps; taulukko; time; vuoden", "summary": "Vuoden kuluttua leikkauk- sesta pensaisiin j\u00e4\u00e4neetkannot poistettiin ja niiden lahoisuus ja sienet m\u00e4\u00e4ri- tettiin. HERKO-tutkimus (LISKOLA ym. 1980), ja osa kokeista oli jo perustettu 1974 Viikkiin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72122", "words": "5150", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Aura, Erkki", "title": "Soil compaction by the tractor in spring and its effect on soil porosity\u00a0", "date": "1983", "keywords": "compaction; espoo; field; pores; porosity; soil; sowing; time; volume; water", "summary": "The pore diameter corresponding to the water potential was calculated using the formula (e.g. CZERATZKI 1958): d - T- where d = pore diameter in cm h = absolute value of capillary potential of soil water expressed as height of water column in cm Results a. Effect of soil compaction on the porosity conditions The results for the profile samples are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 5. Soil compaction by the tractor in spring and its effect on soil porosity ERKKI AURA Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Physics, 31600 Jokioinen Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72123", "words": "4071", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "Variability of topsoil properties at the southern coast of Finland and the number of \u00a0soil samples needed for the estimation of soil properties", "date": "1983", "keywords": "clay; content; determination; field; number; properties; range; samples; soil; variation", "summary": "SS: 109-117, 1983 Variability of topsoil properties at the southern coast of Finland and the number of soil samples needed for the estimation of soil properties RAILI JOKINEN University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sf-00710 Helsinki 71, KAILA and RYTI (1951) studied soil samples taken at distances of 2 metres and distances of 25 centimetres, concluding that it is difficult to obtain really representative samples for the estimation of soil properties.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72124", "words": "3295", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Sundqvist, Christer; Gustafsson, Margaretha", "title": "Sperm test - a useful tool in breeding work of mink\u00a0", "date": "1983", "keywords": "breeding; farm; fig; males; mink; number; sperm; test; tubules", "summary": "One method of checking the fertility of mink males is a sperm test conducted on females after interrupted mating (VENGE, 1950; WILLEMS, 1961; ONSTAD, 1967; KANGAS, 1972; ADAMS & RIETVELD, 1981; ELOFSON, 1981,1). Figure 8 shows the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes per area in the three categories of mink males.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72125", "words": "4490", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Virtanen, Erkki", "title": "Influence of weather conditions during swath drying on the nutritive value of hay ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "changes; content; days; drying; grass; hay; losses; protein; rain; value; weather", "summary": "Hay Drying Rain Moisture D-value F.u./ 1 \u2019 DCP time mm of hay % 100 g/ days % of DM kg Changes in the composition and solubility of hay during swath drying: C) rain commencing when hay dry Days Number Rain Moisture %of dry matter Dieestib.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72126", "words": "5893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Extraction of leaf protein from green crops. Chemical composition and nutritive value of products of fractionation\u00a0", "date": "1983", "keywords": "clover; composition; content; crop; grass; juice; leaf; leaf protein; lpc; mean; protein", "summary": "% % of DM % % of DM % % of DM % % of DM Grass 1 7.34 1.77 24.1 1.34 19.0 0.59 8.1 2.92 39.8 Grass 2 3.45 1.00 29.0 0.68 19.6 0.34 9.8 0.65 18.9 Grass 3 6.85 1.35 19.7 1.27 18.5 0.40 5.8 3.18 46.4 Grass 4 5.30 1.42 26.8 1.26 23.8 0.31 5.9 1.70 32.0 Clover 1 7.24 1.44 19.9 1.27 17.5 0.86 11.8 1.69 23.3 Clover 2 7.72 1.78 23.1 1.40 18.3 0.74 9.7 1.75 22.7 Clover 3 7.41 1.55 20.9 1.60 21.6 0.94 12.7 1.87 25.3 Clover 4 6.98 1.34 19.2 1.58 22.6 0.91 13.0 2.00 28.6 CloverS 7.89 1.53 19.4 1.68 21.3 1.04 13.2 2.26 28.7 Clover 6 7.14 1.30 18.2 1.26 17.7 0.74 10.4 2.51 35.1 Pea 4.56 0.94 20.6 1.69 37.1 0.79 17.3 1.29 28.3 % % of DM % % of DM % % of DM Grass (5) mean 4.42 1.22 28.5 0.76 17.2 0.22 4.7 1.46 30.2 Clover (10) mean 5.87 1.43 24.3 0.76 12.9 0.21 3.6 1.66 28.4 Heat prec.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72127", "words": "3212", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Leaf protein production from energy willow leaves ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "aquatica; juice; leaf; leaves; protein", "summary": "% %in DM % %in DM % %in DM % %in DM S. cv. % protein protein soluble carbo- hydrates Fresh 5.3 - 18.7 24.2 22.0 17.7 No preservative 5.3 4.6 17.8 29.3 27.1 3.9 12.7 Formic acid 1.0 v/w % 3.5 3.5 18.9 24.8 22.7 19.3 1.1 HCI 0.5 % v/w 3.9 3.9 16.0 29.2 25.2 2.3 14.3 HCI 0.5 % v/w + Viher solution 0.2 % v/w 3.9 3.9 15.8 29.2 25.2 2.3 15.1 HCI 0.5 % v/w + Viher solution 0.4 % v/w 3.8 3.9 16.0 28.8 26.1 3.1 15.0 HCI 0.5 % v/w + Viher solution 0.6 % v/w 3.8 3.9 17.9 24.9 21.9 17.4 1.9 of methionine 1.3-1.7 g, corresponding to the values for grain.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72128", "words": "6905", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Saarela, Into", "title": "Response of timothy to increasing rates of potassium", "date": "1983", "keywords": "2nd; cut; fertilization; ist; nitrogen; plant; potassium; soils; trial; year", "summary": "When the apparent recovery in yield is nearly 100 %, as it was at most of the sites, the effect on soil potassium content is necessarily small. The over 100 % aparent recovery, which was significant in trial 9, is not impossible, as the more vigorous plants stimulated by applied potassium takes also soil potassium more efficiently.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72129", "words": "39613", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kurppa, Aarne", "title": "Potato viruses in Finland and their identification", "date": "1983", "keywords": "absorbance; antisera; days; diffusion test; elisa test; fig; identification; infected; leaf test; leaves; lesions; method; mosaic; necrosis; phytopath; plant; potato cultivars; potato cv; potato j.; potato leaf; potato tubers; potato virus; potatoes; properties; pvm; pvs; pvx; pvy; pvy isolates; reaction; samples; sap; seed; strain; symptoms; table; test; test plants; titers; tubers; values; virus concentration; virus identification; virus isolates; virus m; virus particles; virus purification; virus y; viruses", "summary": "The occurrence of potato viruses in Finland and alternative methods for their identifica- tion are reported in this study. Also the agar gel double diffusion test was found to be too insensitive for the identification of potato viruses but the single diffusion test could be used in certain cases.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72130", "words": "1733", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Botrytis allii Munn -sienen infektoituminen sipuliin kasvukaudella ja sadonkorjuun aikana\u00a0", "date": "1983", "keywords": "allii; benomyl; botrytis; harvesting; munn; oli; onion; sipuleita; sipulin; tahvonen; taulukko", "summary": "Table I. Infection of onions by Botrytis allii in soil contaminated every year with onion debris. T\u00e4lle voimakkaasti saastutetulle alueelle ja samalle peltolohkolle 100\u2014200 m p\u00e4\u00e4h\u00e4n, jossa ei aikaisemmin oltu kasvatettu sipulia, istutettiin k\u00e4sittelem\u00e4tt\u00f6mi\u00e4 ja 15 min. 0.1 %:ssa beno- myyliss\u00e4 liotettuja \u2019Stuttgarter Riesen\u2019 sipulin pikkuistukkaita.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72131", "words": "2046", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "Short-term, parallel storage in the prediction of storage losses caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers ex Fr. on cabbage ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "cabbages; cinerea; months; storage; weeks", "summary": "As the correlation between the merchantability and B. cinerea content of cabbages stored for a long time was extremely clear, the merchantability of cabbages to be stored for a long time could be predicted very reliably on the basis of the B. cinerea content of cabbages from the same lot kept in parallel storage (Fig. 2). One disadvantage in this study was that no observations were obtained about B. cinerea contents over the range 40\u201480 %, which would have been essential for determining the more important damage threshold values.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72132", "words": "5127", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo; Laitinen, Aino; Juuti, Tapio", "title": "Susceptibility of spring wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Septoria nodorum Berk.", "date": "1983", "keywords": "breeding; cultivars; disease; fig; nodorum; plant; resistance; scott; screening; septoria; severity; wheat", "summary": "BR\u00d6NNIMANN (1968 b, 1982) has used the loss of 1000 grain weight as a measure of tolerance of wheat cultivars to S. nodorum. In England, SCOTT and BENEDIKZ (1977) have evaluated methods for screening wheat cultivars to S. nodorum at the mature plant stage by using small artificially inoculated plots that were kept damp with the use of plastic bags and repeated irrigation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72133", "words": "4223", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo; Laitinen, Aino ; Juuti, Tapio", "title": "Effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on yield and yield components of spring wheat", "date": "1983", "keywords": "disease; ear; grain; nodorum; number; plots; septoria; weight; wheat; yield", "summary": "Multiple regression of accounting for wheat yield reduction by Septoria nodorum and other pathogens. The conclusion that can be drawn from the above arguments is that a comparison between inoculated and untreated control plots may be a rather reliable way to evaluate the effects of Septoria on wheat yield and this type of 341 comparison may have applications to the field situation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72134", "words": "4097", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Effect of liming on phosphorus in two soils of different organic matter content: I Changes of native and applied phosphorus in incubation experiment\u00a0", "date": "1983", "keywords": "content; liming; matter; sand; sand soil; soil; water", "summary": "This held true also of added P. The changes in CHANG and jACKSON\u2019s P fractions did not alone satisfactorily explain the dissimilar response of soil P to lime treatments. Introduction Liming affects the reactions of soil P in many ways.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72135", "words": "3645", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Effect of liming on phosphorus in two soils of different organic matter content: II Changes in the availability of phosphorus to turnip rape (Brassica campestris)\u00a0", "date": "1983", "keywords": "effect; hartikainen; liming; sand; sand soil; soil; water", "summary": "Further, as stated above, the salt concentration in the soil solution decreased simultaneously, which in most soils is known to enhance the extractability of soil P into water. In spite of increased harvests and P uptake, the final intensity of native P in the limed muddy fine sand soils was not lower than in the unlimed ones, which suggests liming to have rendered native soil P better available to turnip rape.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72136", "words": "2873", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4; Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Chloride and sulphate solutions as extractants for soil P: III Effect of increasing sulphate concentration on P desorption\u00a0", "date": "1983", "keywords": "concentration; desorption; effect; soil; solutions; strength; sulphate", "summary": "The effect of increasing sulphate concentration on P desorption was studied in 102 mineral soil samples with; a) solutions of a constant ionic strength I=o.l adjusted withKCI and b) 0.1 M and 0.033 M sulphate solutions of different ionic strengths. Their analyses of soil solution showed that in spring, after fertilization, the concentration of cations and anions at field capacity was 91\u201497 mmol/1, at wilting point as high as 211 \u2014307 mmol/1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72137", "words": "3170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kotimaa, Marjut; Mustonen, Mirja; Husman, Kaj", "title": "The effect of ADD-H preservative (ammonium propionate) on the molding of baled hay\u00a0", "date": "1983", "keywords": "+ +; add; bales; concentration; hay; molds; spores", "summary": "The concentration of thermotolerant mold spores when baled hay treated with different doses of ADD-H was handled. The amount of mesophilic mold spores was statistically significantly greater in non-treated bales than in treated bales (p < 0,05, p < 0,005, p < 0,005).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72138", "words": "11654", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Raatikainen, Mikko; Raatikainen, Terttu", "title": "Syysvehn\u00e4n viljelyst\u00e4 ja sen vaikutuksesta rikkaruohoihin Suomessa ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "agric; agropyron; arvensis; cereal; density; esikasvi; esim; ett\u00e4; fields; finland; galeopsis; ja t.; j\u00e4lkeen; koetoim; kuin; kuitenkin; kylv\u00f6aika; k\u00e4yt; lajien; lajit; lohkon; luokkamuuttujat; maalaji; maaper\u00e4n; matricaria; mik\u00e4; mukaan; mukula; mutta; myosotis; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; niiden; noin; number; oli; olisi; olivat; ovat; paljon; peittaus; peitt\u00e4vyys; peltona; polygonum; raatikainen; raatikainen ja; regressiomuuttujat; repens; rikkaruohojen; rikkaruohoruiskutusten; sen; spp; spring; suomessa; syysvehn\u00e4n; syysvehn\u00e4ss\u00e4; syysviljojen; table; tai; taulukko; todettu; torjunta; vain; viljan; vrt; weed; wheat; winter; years; yleens\u00e4", "summary": "Seuraavilla sijoilla olivat v. 1963 kauppaan laskettu Elo, v. 1966 kauppaan laskettu Nisu ja v. 1965 kauppaan laskettu Linna, joita viljeltiin muussa osassa Suomea, mutta joista kuitenkin Elon viljely keskittyi etel\u00e4- ja kaakkoisosaan ja Nisun luoteisosaan. Tutkimustuloksia on selostettu ja sovellettu v\u00e4litt\u00e4jille ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4jille mm.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72139", "words": "2496", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo", "title": "Inheritance of leaf resistance to Septoria nodorum Berk. in two crosses of spring wheat ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "crosses; heritability; nodorum; resistance; septoria; variation; wheat", "summary": "Recent studies on the genetic control of wheat resistance to S. nodorum throw some light on practical resistance breeding. The experiment conducted by MULLANEY et al. (1982) substantiate this, since the authors have found that wheat crosses exhibit a strong genotype-environment interaction in relation to disease expression.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72140", "words": "7048", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz; Tahvonen, Risto; Raininko, Ky\u00f6sti; Nuormala, Nils", "title": "Damping-off of sugar beet in Finland: II. Disease control\u00a0", "date": "1983", "keywords": "beet; damping; effect; experiment; hymexazol; meter; plants; row; seed; spraying; sugar; table; thiram; treatment", "summary": "In recent years, seed treatment with iprodione, metalaxyl or hymexazol has proved effective against soil borne pathogens (DUNNING & HEIJBROEK 1981). The effect of seed treatment with hymexazol and thiram on emergence and percentage of healthy beet plants at the end of the experiment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72141", "words": "4125", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Varis, Anna-Liisa; Helenius, Juha; Koivulehto, Kari", "title": "Composition and properties of Finnish honey and their dependence on the season, region, bee race and botanical origin ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "composition; content; count; crystallization; fructose; glucose; honey; oligosaccharides; pollen; proportion; rape", "summary": "Rape honey Finnish honey containing Brassicaceae pollen mostly originates from turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. The honey containing Brassicaceae pollen will here be called rape honey.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72142", "words": "4877", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Preservation of grass juice and wet leaf protein concentrate for animal feeds ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "acid; aiv; juice; protein; solution; viher", "summary": "Anaerobic fermentation for coagulation of plant juice protein and preserva- tion of the protein and fibrous residues. % % mg/1 acid acid of DM of TP ratio storage", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72143", "words": "2667", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "30", "author": "Maijala, Kalle", "title": "Professori Mikko Varo 70-vuotias ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "erityisesti; eroja; ett\u00e4; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; j\u00e4senen\u00e4; kotiel\u00e4injalostuksen; kotiel\u00e4inten; kun; luvun; l\u00e4hes; merkitys; my\u00f6s; oli; olisi; olivat; ollut; ominaisuuksien; porojen; sai; sek\u00e4; sen; sonnien; suomen; totesi; tutki; tytt\u00e4rien; varo; vuonna; vuotta; yliopiston", "summary": "N\u00e4it\u00e4 tehdess\u00e4\u00e4n h\u00e4n saattoi k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 hyv\u00e4kseen 20-vuotista tutkijan- ja opettajankokemustaan ja siten v\u00e4ltt\u00e4\u00e4 hapuiluvaiheen. H\u00e4n edusti kotiel\u00e4intieteit\u00e4 valtion maatalous-mets\u00e4tieteellisess\u00e4 toimikunnassa 1969-70 ja maataloustutkimuksen neuvottelukunnassa 1972-76.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72144", "words": "2745", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Bar-Anan, R.", "title": "Continuous progeny testing, use and selection of proven bulls in Israel ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "bulls; direct; ecm; effects; heifer; sires; table; yield", "summary": "Results and Discussion The standard deviation (SD) between sires for PD of ECM yields were absolutely and percentage-wise larger in 2nd lactations than in first ones (Table 2). 491 among proven sires may change after 2nd lactation tests.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72145", "words": "3348", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Lindstr\u00f6m, U. B.; Von Bonsdorff, Marcus; Syv\u00e4j\u00e4rvi, Jouko", "title": "Factors affecting bovine ketosis and its association with non-return rate", "date": "1983", "keywords": "cows; effect; feeding; herds; incidence; ketosis; milk; study", "summary": "504 Heritability The heritabilities for ketosis incidence were 0.18 \u00b1 2.02 % (all cows) and 0.48 \u00b1 3.55 % (recorded cows) and thus not significantly different from zero. Ketosis incidence was determined from the milk by a commercial keto test reagent by AI technicians in connection with the ordinary first insemination of a particular cow.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72146", "words": "4510", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Ettala, Elsi", "title": "Comparison between Ayrshire, Friesian and Finnish cattle dairy cows on home - produced feeds ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "ayrshire; friesian; group; hay; lactation; silage; table; urea", "summary": "Silage Hay kg/day per cow group group - 15 0,24 0.32 20 0,26 0,34 25 0,28 0,36 30 - 0,30 0,38 510 Ayrshire Friesian Finnish cattle Age, days 51 53 50 Live weight, kg 54 57 48 511 The grain ration is programmed into a computer and it changes stepless according to the milk yield, also taking into account the amount of milk the previous days. Because some of the bulls had two daughters they were put into different feeding groups.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72147", "words": "6608", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Syv\u00e4j\u00e4rvi, Jouko; Ojala, Matti; Hellman, Tapani", "title": "Application of the direct sire comparison method to the Finnish dairy cattle population", "date": "1983", "keywords": "breed; breeding; bulls; cows; dairy; effect; finnish; herd; index; model; number; records; sire; table; year", "summary": "Joint use of bull groups and relationships among males (model 1) tended to underevaluate the youngest bulls and overevaluate the oldest bulls belonging to previous generations. it seems that joint use of bull groups and relationships among males is difficult to justify under the Finnish breeding structure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72148", "words": "1526", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Puonti, Matti", "title": "Production of piglets as related to slaughter and growth traits ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "farrowing; fertility; litter; size; traits", "summary": "Farrowing interval and litter size showed a positive phenotypic correlation. The pig breeding programme (Herd book rules) used in Finland has minimum requirements for litter size.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72149", "words": "2849", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Vilva, Veijo; Lindstr\u00f6m, U. B.", "title": "Breeding for milk and beef in cattle - designing an overall strategy", "date": "1983", "keywords": "beef; conversion; feed; gain; milk; production; selection; stage; test", "summary": "A stage 3 selection based on an index of progeny test for both milk yield and feed conversion in milk production (set 8) was also considered. The relatively small economic contribution of the beef performance test of bulls indicates that the test stations set up for this purpose might be more efficiently utilised by concentrating on measurement of feed conversion of bulls\u2019 daughters for milk production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72150", "words": "5046", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kentt\u00e4mies, Hilkka", "title": "Genetical and environmental factors affecting slaughter traits in beef production experiments in field ", "date": "1983", "keywords": "age; animals; breed; bulls; carcass; differencies; farms; feeding; growth; net; rearing; time; weight", "summary": "Keinosiemennysyhdistysten Liitto ry:n vuosikertomukset vuosilta 1970 ja 1976. Periytyvyysasteiden arvot olivat Aydl\u00e4 ja (Frdl\u00e4) teuraspainossa .23 (.61), nettokasvussa .39 (.77), teurasarvosteluluokassa .14 (.15)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72151", "words": "2944", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Lovett, J. V. ; Jokinen, Kari", "title": "A modified stairstep apparatus for studies of allelopathy and other phytotoxic effects ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "allelopathy; apparatus; repens; run; solution; species; test; weight", "summary": "Effect of position of test pots on height or barley shoots (means of four replicates). Run 3 Control 39.69 32.78 29.36 Decay 39.94 30.86 29.02 Live 39.34 30.64 27.38 p N.S. < 0.05 < 0.01 LSD (t) p < 0.05 1.66 1.21 p < 0.01 2.27 1.66 Coefficient of Variation (%) 5.58 5.02 4.02 The Viikki apparatus does not exclude the possibility of autotoxicity, however, output from the incubation trays is filtered through two series of test pots before recycling, reduc- ing the possibility of its occurring.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72152", "words": "2931", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kurppa, Aarne; Korhonen, Kirsi", "title": "ELISA reagents for potato virus Y strains with significantly low non-specific reactions ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "absorbance; elisa; potato; pvy; samples; test; values; virus", "summary": "The aim of this study was to pre- pare polyclonal immunoglobulin reagents to potato virus Y strains Y\u00b0 and Y to be used in the ELISA method with high virus-speci- Index words: virus identification, ELISA test, potato viruses, PVY strains 89 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=ysxYRHjpcrUuGo50.s5BBwKU9NteAF3vKhkZUlw.2r8IM0_6ip8E0xupAC-agzy_Z-JFua3pfbPP1WmLJiY1K1Ey5iu6fV5jqBRWP2Jof4PvbPS6JQuQGqlZx8kQ6ll7W_aoriuwJ26nzSz2zeMGTfWG1Tyw9SObJ7Br3p1GpghMclEH_A-ZmdoNdGKljU1FY1uahnIUBlY https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=r7nNTbBKJj9mzQ1Z.OD1HKBpf4-wntaXwsQ0auw.lRBZieD1byD4f8RV-1F3Vi-w6uQsxNGt_ooVQDxUt58jyQNrLQxQrQ3LPNybCeqSu6TwQjvuKstvl_NMDFL3o9YEUooQPkfCpRoLuhad8-xbGllG2NiL_O-UI3pptN5EeDPMQ8scl0WeAbOJHbAVoj5tdha7dn9-6agv3gnmgfzd98OFI9694Rm7 ficity but without too high strain or isolate specificity. Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 56: 89\u201495, 1984 ELISA reagents for potato virus Y strains with significantly low non-specific reactions AARNE KURPPA Department of Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI 71, Finland KIRSI KORHONEN Labsystems Ltd, Puit title 8-11, SF-00810 HELSINKI 81.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72153", "words": "2098", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "Effects of different ammonium nitrate levels on the amounts of exchangeable soil magnesium and applied magnesium in eight mineral soils ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "ammonium; clay; nitrate; soils", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 56: 97\u2014100, 1984 RESEARCH NOTE Effects of different ammonium nitrate levels on the amounts of exchangeable soil magnesium and applied magnesium in eight mineral soils RAILI JOKINEN University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract; Eight mineral soils (pH(CaCl 2) 4.6\u20146.1, clay 4\u201465 %, org. One of the soils, muddy silt (4), was not included in this study because of the too small amount of soil available.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72154", "words": "5910", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kuusi, Taina; H\u00e5rdh, Kirsti; Kanon, Helena", "title": "Experiments on the cultivation of dandelion for salad use: l Study of cultivation methods and their influence on yield and sensory quality ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "agamospecies; bark; bitterness; covering; cultivation; dandelion; film; humus; rosettes; varieties; yield", "summary": "Tutkituista kannoista soveltuvat vaalentamatta viljel- t\u00e4viksi parhaiten T. hemicyclum, T. lanyphyllum, \u2018Voll- herziger, verbesserter\u2019 ja \u2018Vert de Montmagny\u2019, vaalen- tamalla viljelt\u00e4viksi taas \u2018Vert de Montmagny\u2019, T. hemi- cyclum ja T. pallidipes. Yields of different dandelion agamospecies and varieties (fresh weight of the rosette, g, and yield calcula- ted as kg/a), and the effect of the different methods of cultivation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72155", "words": "4639", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kuusi, Taina; H\u00e5rdh, Kirsti; Kanon, Helena", "title": "Experiments on the cultivation of dandelion for salad use: II The nutritive value and intrinsic quality of dandelion leaves ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "agamospecies; content; covering; cultivation; dandelion; leaves; matter; methods; mg/100; values; vitamin", "summary": "High vitamin C values have been reported for leaves of wild dandelions (Franke and Kensbock 1981, Erkama 1946). Where the covering effectively eliminated light, i.e. when black film, black fibre cloth or thick bark humus layer was used, the dry matter, soluble so- lids, mineral content and vitamin C values were decreased and the nitrate values increased.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72156", "words": "2134", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kankare, Veikko; Antila, Veijo", "title": "The effect of feed grains of the fatty acid composition of milk fat ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "barley; fat; milk; oats; phase", "summary": "Methods Experimental Feeding Scheme A comparative study of silage and feed concentrates was being carried out at the In- stitute of Animal Husbandry of the Agricul- tural Research Centre in the late winter of 1983, from which milk samples were obtain- ed for the present study of the effect of oats and barley on milk fat composition. On the basis of the initial experiments, it would appear that the feed concentrates used, particularly their grain component, have a effect on the composition of milk fat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72157", "words": "3404", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Varo, Pertti; Laine, Raili; Veijalainen, Kirsti; Pero, Kristiina; Koivistoinen, Pekka", "title": "Dietary fibre and available carbohydrates in Finnish cereal products ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "fibre; flour; ncp; sugars; w.i.s; wheat", "summary": "A method for the analysis and chemical charac- terisation of total dietary fibre. Dietary fibre and available carbohydrates in Finnish cereal products PERTTI VARO, RAILI LAINE, KIRSTI VEIJALAINEN, KRISTIINA PERO and PEKKA KOIVISTOINEN Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72158", "words": "3056", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Varo, Pertti; Laine, Raili; Veijalainen, Kirsti; Espo, Aila; Wetterhoff, Anne; Koivistoinen, Pekka", "title": "Dietary fibre and available carbohydrates in Finnish vegetables and fruits ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "fibre; ncp; sugars; w.i.s; w.s", "summary": "The estimated average daily intakes of carbohydrates received from this category of foods were: total soluble sugars 23.7 g, starch 30.6 g and dietary fibre 7.2 g (energy level 10 MJ). This is a Index words: food composition, dietary intake, sugars, starch, dietary fibre 49 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=BfDphzXDFXKqqPX3.uqUt8lIxCT2TLJSOrA40pQ.endHQzQ4dWQFL7KSRY-s7CL0NYl9YgZgPYHIMhhAf6axRgEiIaHSt34xOs5yIavz-tfFbBsDjXL4XrD8whpRHoNCccq3D6wDV_WyCUh7EEAGFilvZ5Qw1eeEeQE9TSRgG2c0Ya8Xq0MnHGP-5huYcHlGG_MxVOG41p6GYcp0Z8MkJEIZjVohLQQ34SdjAyHioBbzyCFwRppEjYjRdfBrm7hAFLa_DYU9KfzkDfNjCQc2hkUNSsEueo2L2sjFumWGqBjrVXT3EBz8QNXlMQ 50 Table 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72159", "words": "4225", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kurkela, P.; K\u00e4\u00e4ntee, E.", "title": "Effects of barley-bound organic selenium compared with inorganic selenite on selenium concentration and structure of tissues in pig ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "content; feed; fig; kg dm; level; muscle; pigs; selenite; selenium", "summary": "Variance analysis showed the selenium levels in the blood samples to be highly signi- ficantly dependent (p 8 0.001) on the feed se- lenium content, but in the regression analysis the dependence of blood selenium level on feed selenium content was only suggestive (90 %, regression coefficient 1.4). Selenium content of foods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72160", "words": "5536", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Poutiainen, Esko", "title": "Feeding of high producing dairy cows according to rumen undegradable protein requirements in grass silage based diet ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "comparison; cows; dcp; diet; group; meal; milk; period; protein; requirements; udp; weeks", "summary": "Significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) the highest yields of FCM and milk protein were recorded for Group 2 (G2) in which the cows received protein supplementaccording to their UDP requirements. Using a factorial approach, conversion of protein absorbable in the small intestine to milk protein was calculated to be 66.5 \u00b1 0.8 % when all the cows in three groups were taken into account.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72161", "words": "2083", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Aspila, Pentti", "title": "Rapeseed fat in dairy cow feeding ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "fat; fatty; meal; milk; rapeseed; test", "summary": "= rapeseed meal + rapeseed oil \u00bb 3 = rapeseed meal + crushed rapeseed \u00bb 4 = protected fatty rapeseed meal 85 reason is probably that the animals received only small amounts of rapeseed fat. The total daily supply of crude fat on diets 2, 3 and 4 averaged 572 g/cow, rapeseed fat con- tributing about 11 %, or 62 g/cow.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72162", "words": "14733", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Ollila, Petri", "title": "Member influence in cooperatives: Contributions of Scandinavian studies to the research conducted in the United States ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "conflicts; cooperative; countries; decision; democracy; factors; farmers; influence; interest; level; making; management; market; member; member influence; organization; participation; research; rules; scandinavian; states; system", "summary": "In large cooperatives, the direct participation of members in the decision making system has become impossible and most decisions must be made through elected representatives. He states that the hired manage- ment has a lot of power in the small and in- termediate, as well as large cooperatives.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72163", "words": "1855", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Pekkarinen, Eeva; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko", "title": "Ruminal degradation and in vivo digestibility of processed rapeseed meal", "date": "1984", "keywords": "digestibility; heat; meal; protein; rapeseed; rumen; urea", "summary": "The digestibility and nutritive value of rapeseed meal processed in different ways were studied with adult rams fed on alkali-treated straw. The results showed that in this case, when the level of feeding was set at about main- tenance, heat treatment did not improve the utilization of rapeseed meal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72164", "words": "2015", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Tuori, Mikko", "title": "Rapeseed meal and urea as a protein source for growing bulls on alkali-treated straw-based feeding ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "group; meal; rapeseed; straw; urea; weight", "summary": "Treated straw was the only roughage received by the animals from the age of 6 months. The intake of treated straw varied widely between the animals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72165", "words": "5312", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto; Hollo, Jukka; Hannukkala, Asko", "title": "Rhizoctonia solani damping-off on spring turnip rape and spring rape (Brassica spp.) in Finland ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "damping; fields; fusarium; plants; rape; seedlings; solani; spring; spring rape; spring turnip; turnip rape", "summary": "4. Fungal isolations from plants suffering from damping-off The fungus most frequently isolated from spring turnip rape and spring rape plants suf- fering from damping-off was Rhizoctonia solaniKiitin (Table 4). The mean number of seedlings suffering from damping-off in spring turnip rape fields was 9.5 %, and in spring rape fields 12 %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72166", "words": "3467", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; V\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4inen, Hanna; Ettala, Terttu", "title": "In vitro evaluation of protein digestibility in the abomasum and small intestine of ruminants ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "digestibility; hci; hours; incubations; pepsin; protein", "summary": "In vitro evaluation of protein digestibility in the abomasum and small intestine of ruminants JOUKO SET\u00c4L\u00c4, HANNA V\u00c4\u00c4T\u00c4INEN 1 and TERTTU ETTALA Valio Finnish Co-operative Dairies\u2019 Association, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 176, SF-00181 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Introduction In vitro tests of protein digestibility have mainly been used for non-ruminants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72167", "words": "5981", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Nutritive value and metabolic effects of whey protein concentrate and hydrolysed lactose for growing pigs ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "diets; lactose; pigs; protein; s.d; supplements; whey; wpc", "summary": "Recent technological developments, such as enzymic hydrolysis of lactose, ultrafiltration and re- verse osmosis, allow concentration of the protein and reduction of the lactose and mineral contents, thus eliminating the prob- lems encountered when large amounts of whey are used in pig diets (Harju 1984). Use of dried whey in pig diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72168", "words": "5369", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "Long term supply elasticities: a case study for Finland", "date": "1984", "keywords": "elasticities; feed; grain; milk; model; pork; price; production; supply; table", "summary": "Long term supply elasticities for basic agricultural products are needed for forecasting and planning of agricultural production. Despite many econometric studies on supply elasticities in Finland, so far no coherent analysis covering all products has been made.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72169", "words": "2695", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kurppa, Aarne", "title": "Bipolaris sorokiniana on barley seed in Finland", "date": "1984", "keywords": "barley; bipolaris; finland; fungus; incidence; infection; samples; seed; sorokiniana", "summary": "Results The incidences of Bipolaris sorokiniana in spring barley seed varied marketly during the Fig. Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 56: 175\u2014182, 1984 Bipolaris sorokiniana on barley seed in Finland AARNE KURPPA Department of Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI 71, Finland Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72170", "words": "3877", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Pekkarinen, Eeva; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko", "title": "Effect of red clover/timothy ratio on the protein feeding value and the quality of silage", "date": "1984", "keywords": "clover; herbage; protein; red; red clover; silage; timothy", "summary": "During ensiling the decrease in the proportion of true protein in crude protein and the increase in the proportion of water- soluble N in total N were smaller in red clover than in timothy silage. Samples of the raw materials and different silages were subjected to the standard feed analyses and analysed for the properties used as criteria of the quality of silage, especially those of silage protein.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72171", "words": "2359", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Pekkarinen, Eeva; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko", "title": "Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the protein quality of timothy grass and silage ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "fertilization; grass; protein; silage", "summary": "These re- sults confirm the earlier findings (Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4- Qvist et al. 1984) that the higher is the pro- portion of true protein in crude protein and the lower the proportion of watersoluble N in total silage N, the slower is the degrada- tion of crude protein in the rumen. An increase in the rumen degra- dability of grass protein with an increasing N fertilization level has also been noted in another experiment (M\u00f6ller 1981 ref.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72172", "words": "2014", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi; Mett\u00e4l\u00e4, Aila; Silvo, Riitta", "title": "Measuring methods for soil microbial activity and biomass", "date": "1984", "keywords": "activity; cells; measuring; methods; micro; organisms; soil", "summary": "Measuring methods for soil microbial activity and biomass 1 HELVI HEINONEN-TANSKI, AILA METT\u00c4L\u00c4 and RIITTA SILVO Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. The effect of a pesticide programme for sugar beet on soil microbial activity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72173", "words": "3833", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Evaluation of various types of forest biomass and wood processing residues as feed for ruminants ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "biomass; digestibility; energy; fibre; forest; leaf; pulp; values; wood", "summary": "Hydrolysed wood pulp had poor digestibility, 38 % for OM, but the digesti- bility of dissolving pulp was comparable to that of good quality roughage, 75 \u00ae7o . In this study hydrolysed wood pulp had rather a low digestibility.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72174", "words": "3566", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Distillers dried by-products from barley as protein source for ruminants ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "barley; bddg; distillers; grains; products; protein", "summary": "Chemical composition of barley dried distillers grain (BDDG), barley dried distillers grain with solubles (BDDGS) and hay used in digestibility experiments. Digestibility coefficients of the diets including dried barley distillers grain (BDDG) or dried barley distil- lers grain with solubles (BDDGS) at two levels, 33 and 67 % diet of dry matter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72175", "words": "2743", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Evaluation of barley distillers dried grains with soluble, and condensed distillers solubles in the diet of growing pigs ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "barley; diet; distillers; products; protein; solubles; values; wds", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 56: 221\u2014226, 1984 Evaluation of barley distillers dried grains with soluble, and condensed distillers solubles in the diet of growing pigs MATTI N\u00c4SI University of Helsinki, Department of Animal Husbandry, SF-00710 HELSINKI 71, Finland Abstract. Enzyme supplementation of barley diets for broilers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72176", "words": "2205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kallio, Heikki; Rousku, Raila; Salminen, Aarne", "title": "Diurnal variations in nitrate content of red beets ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "beets; content; nitrate; nitrogen; red; roots; soil", "summary": "2. Diurnal variation in nitrate content of red beet roots analyzed by biopsies in late fall. Effect of nitrapyrin on nitrapyrin residues and nitrate content in red beet roots fertilised with urea.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72177", "words": "2305", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Helenius, Juha; Tomminen, Jyrki; Bj\u00f6rkbacka, Reijo", "title": "Orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (G\u00e9hin) (Dipt., Cecidomyidae), on wheat in Finland", "date": "1984", "keywords": "aug; ears; finland; infestation; july; larvae; mosellana; station; wheat", "summary": "Distribution of finds of S. mosellana eggs and larvae on wheat ears during the sampling period. The purpose of the present study was to find out whether wheat midges were in fact responsible for the damage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72178", "words": "5415", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "Comparison of and correlation between the characteristics of agricultural topsoil and subsoil at the southern coast of Finland ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "clay; content; litorina; organic; soils; subsoil; topsoil", "summary": "In clay soils, the dependences on clay content were lower than in non-clay soils. Clay soils (30 \u201460 % clay) accounted equally commonly in the topsoil and subsoil materials.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72179", "words": "4372", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley: 1. Preservation and digestibility in pig ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "acid; aivb; barley; content; exp; moisture; molasses; wmbi2; wood", "summary": "Thomke and Tiden (1973), on the other hand, re- ported significantly lower digestibilities for acid treated barley than for dried barley. Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 56: 255\u2014263, 1984 Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72180", "words": "4690", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley: 2. Ration digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "acid; barley; corn; diets; exp; molasses; pab; protein; rumen; wood", "summary": "Molar per cent of propionic acid was higher (P < 0.01) on DP and PAB diets than on ensiled barley diets, and molar per cent of butyric acid lower (P < 0.05) on DB than on AIVB or WMBI2 diets. The high proportion of butyric acid on ensiled barley diets may partly be explained by higher sugar content of ensiled barley than of dried barley.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72181", "words": "4398", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley: 3. Feeding value for growing cattle ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "animals; barley; exp; feed; molasses; protein; sci; wood", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 56: 275\u2014282, 1984 Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley. Huhtanen, P. 1984 a. Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72182", "words": "2886", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "Damping-off of sugar beet in Finland: III Effect of temperature and disease forecasting ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "beet; disease; emergence; field; soil; sugar; temperature", "summary": "According to these workers, at soil temperatures above 15\u00b0C Pythium damping-offrapidly increases in aggressiveness. Table 3 shows that in most cases the corre- lation for field soils between damping-off in the field and in the greenhouse is not signifi- cant, especially when the temperature in the greenhouse was held at B\u00b0C.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72183", "words": "4406", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Peat ash and basic slag as substitutes for lime with reference to phosphorus uptake by turnip rape ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "agents; ash; calcite; dolomite; incubation; liming; peat; sand; slag; soil", "summary": "Although the withdrawal of soil P was intensified in the muddy fine sand soil by various liming materials, the residual water- Table 4. In the present study, however, its beneficial effect seemed to be attributable to an increased availability of soil P due to the silicate addition, as re- ported by Semb (1943), Ganssmann (1961), etc.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72184", "words": "4421", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Tuori, Mikko", "title": "Xylitol, polyol molasses and glucose in the diet of newborn calves: I. Effect on growth and some blood values ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "blood; calves; glucose; group; milk; molasses; plasma; polyol; week; weight; xylitol", "summary": "In a feeding trial with 18 calves, three carbohydrate additions were compared in a liquid milk replacer diet: glucose, xylitol and polyol molasses (PM). The average con- sumption of substrates was 41, 42 and 48 g dry matter of glucose, xylitol or polyol molasses per day.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72185", "words": "6857", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu; Alasaari, Eija; Antila, Matti; Tuori, Mikko; Poutiainen, Esko", "title": "Xylitol, polyol molasses and glucose in the diet of newborn calves: II. Content of antimicrobial factors in blood and saliva, bacteria in faeces and health status ", "date": "1984", "keywords": "calf; calves; colostrum; concentrations; feeding; group; level; milk; plasma; saliva", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 56: 309\u2014323, 1984 Xylitol, polyol molasses and glucose in the diet of newborn calves 11. The concentrations of various antimicrobial factors in the saliva and plasma of newborn calves with special reference to possible effects of a diet supplemented with dif- ferent sugar alcohols were studied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72186", "words": "25810", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo", "title": "Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum with reference to resistance breeding ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "ann; breeding; cell; conditions; control; crop; cultivars; data; development; disease; disease resistance; effects; et al; fig; gene; grain; host; infection; inoculation; interactions; karjalainen; leaf; leaves; new; nodorum; pathogen; penetration; plant; plant breeding; press; resistance; resistance breeding; s. nodorum; scharen; seedling; septoria nodorum; soc; spring; stage; studies; study; variation; wheat; wheat breeding; yield; york", "summary": "Genetics and epidemiological model- ing of breakdown of plant disease resistance. There are some reports which suggest that wheat resistance to S. nodorum is positively associated with late maturation time (Scott 1973, Eyal 1981, Scott et al. 1982, Karja- lainen et al. 1983) and tallness (Hope 1957, Br\u00f6nnimann 1969, Scott et al. 1982).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72187", "words": "4159", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka; Poutiainen, Esko", "title": "Effect of full-fat rapeseed on digestibility and rumen fermentation in cattle ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "diets; digestibility; effect; et al; fat; rapeseed; rumen; sutton", "summary": "The lower concentration of ammonia N in the rumen on rapeseed diets in spite of the higher crude protein intake agrees with the results of Kowalczyk et al. (1977) and Igwuegbu and Sutton (1982). The digestibility of ether extract was higher (P < 0.05) and that ofNFE lower (P < 0.01) on rapeseed diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72188", "words": "5290", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka; Poutiainen, Esko; Mikkola, Timo", "title": "The effect of supplementation of grass silage with rapeseed meal or Gasol-treated barley on the performance of growing cattle ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "acid; barley; diets; effect; meal; protein; rsm; rumen; silage", "summary": "Degradability of silage crude protein was 84 %, much higher than values reported for formic acid silage in duodenum cannu- lated animals (Thomas et al. Thomas et al. (1980) did not observe any effect of barley supplement on the efficiency of microbial synthesis on formic acid silage diet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72189", "words": "5555", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kurppa, Aarne", "title": "Reaction of spring barley cultivars grown in Finland to soil-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana and to its toxic metabolites ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "barley; barley cultivars; cultivars; experiments; fungus; infection; metabolites; root; rot; seedlings; soil; sorokiniana; symptoms; table", "summary": "Significant differences between barley cultivars and fun- gus isolates were found. Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 57: 85\u201496, 1985 Reaction of spring barley cultivars grown in Finland to soil-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana and to its toxic metabolites AARNE KURPPA Department of Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki* SF-00710 HELSINKI 71, Finland Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72190", "words": "4371", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kurppa, Aarne", "title": "The response of some spring barley cultivars grown in Finland to air-borne secondary infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "barley; bipolaris; cultivars; experiments; fungus; grain; heading; incidence; infection; leaf; seed; sorokiniana; spraying; stage; yield", "summary": "Infec- tion incidence as well as fungal invasion of the internal cell leyers of the grains varied signifi- cantly among barley cultivars. Results Foliar symptom incidence and severity due to secondary infection of Bipolaris soroki- niana varied depending on the fungus isolate and barley cultivar.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72191", "words": "3890", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kurppa, Aarne", "title": "The pathogenicity and importance of seed-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana on barley in Finland ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "barley; experiments; grain; infection; levels; organomercury; seed; seed infection; seed treatment; sorokiniana; treatment; yield", "summary": "Seed-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana decreased the percentage germi- nation of barley seeds and the emergence of seedlings. Emergence of barley seed infected with Bipolaris sorokiniana, with and without seed treatment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72192", "words": "3504", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti; Kiiskinen, Tuomo", "title": "Leaf protein from green pulse crops and nutritive value of legume protein concentrates for poultry ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "clover; crop; crude; field; goat; leaf; lpc; pea; protein; values", "summary": "Nutritive value of lupin-seed protein and leaf- mentation have improved the biological va- lue of LPC lucerne protein in a study with chicks (Hanczakowski et al. 1981). The true digestibility and biological value of the leaf protein con- centrates (LPC) obtained from some green crops have been found to be high when the Index words: Leaf protein, protein supplement, poultry nutrition, digestibility and metabolizable energy value 117 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=NhA2S_fOvznyzl5B.X7uIFkm9Y_IitwnZGTGyfw.hTBo0A8gWZoYHY6yCdimnHLgZpCHg5Ug2wdTrdx-5RxLq-qwOI4isIVg8clxz_bSgftdOm3WELK8T9T2TWgPs8jJcLupI5ZUcGfa-pMDQpKEKTP9pcj_UJI7ibClzaDotcRaAaF_QWLy17CGDwvxOhInm6SHAeHVZMYh2EacXZ0VRBG9CFC3wahoahw LPC was prepared under optimal conditions (Morris 1977, Pirie 1978).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72193", "words": "3209", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Roos, Yrj\u00f6; Laine, Jorma J.", "title": "Freeze-drying and its application to some Finnish agricultural products ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "aroma; changes; drying; food; freeze; moisture; products; temperature", "summary": "To, E.C. & Funk, J.M. 1978 a. \u00bbCollapse\u00bb a structural transition in freeze dried carbohydrates. sition in freeze dried carbohydrates.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72194", "words": "2982", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Huopalahti, Rainer; Kes\u00e4lahti, Eila; Linko, Reino", "title": "Effect of hot air and freeze drying on the volatile compounds of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) herb ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "air; aroma; compounds; dill; drying; freeze; herb; table", "summary": "how neophytadiene is one of the main com- ponents in addition to a-phellandrene in the volatiles of air dried dill products. Volatile compounds of fresh, hot air dried and freeze dried dill (Anethum graveolens L.) herb were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72195", "words": "3514", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; Tesfa, Alem; Rauramaa, Aino; Poutiainen, Esko", "title": "Factors affecting in sacco degradation of dry matter and crude protein in grass silage ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "content; crude; degradability; grass; matter; protein; silage", "summary": "Degradability-% of silage DM, N-free DM, and crude protein in sacco (96 silages). Factors affecting the energy and protein value of grass silage have intensively been studied in many countries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72196", "words": "2524", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Sontag, Tuula; Salovaara, Hannu; Ulvinen, Osmo", "title": "PAG electrophoregrams of six Finnish potato cultivars ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "cultivars; electrophoregrams; gel; hankkijan; potato; protein; puikula; tuomas", "summary": "The PAGE procedure used in the present study yielded reproducible protein separation and good resolution of protein bands for iden- tifying purposes of Finnish potato cultivars. Samples studied had specific soluble protein and esterase PAGE patterns, indicating that electrophoregrams can be used for identifying Finnish potato cultivars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72197", "words": "4034", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kurppa, Sirpa", "title": "Root parasitic nematodes in nursery plants imported to Finland in 1980 ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "finland; infections; l. sp; material; meloidogyne; nematodes; plant; pratylenchus; root; species; spp; stocks", "summary": "Lonkero tatarica S. vulgaris L. Paeonia L. sp. L. sp. Rosa sp. Convallaria majalis L. Cornus alba", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72198", "words": "1441", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa", "title": "Development of chemical composition of grain during growth and ripening ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "content; grains; starch; value; yellow", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Voi 57: 163\u2014165, 1985 Development of chemical composition of grain during growth and ripening MAIJA-LIISA SALO Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI. Introduction Cereals are usually harvested at a stage of full-ripeness, when the moisture content has decreased, and the preparation of grain for storage is thereby cheaper.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72199", "words": "6050", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Tapio, Eeva", "title": "The appearance of soil-borne viruses in Finnish plant nurseries II ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "lsr; nematodes; nurseries; plants; ring; roots; samples; soil; table; tbrv; tnv; tobacco; trv; virus; viruses", "summary": "R 2 Rumex acetosella L. L R L R 3 LS L R R. crispus L. L R L R LS LSR L Senecio vulgaris L. R L LS R LSR LSR Sonchus arvensis L. R SR Spergula arvensis L. \u2014(S)R R \u2014(S) \u2014 R R Stellaria media (L.) Vili. The vector in TNV, Olpidium brassicae, was found in the samples of 12 nurseries by examining micro- scopically either the roots of sample plants, or the roots of tobacco or lettuce which were grown as bait plants on soil samples.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72200", "words": "6105", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Niskanen, Raina; Jaakkola, Antti", "title": "Comparison of analytical methods in testing soil fertility ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "acid; acid ammonium; ammonium; ammonium acetate; clay; content; samples; soil", "summary": "The clay content of two samples was under 30 %, thereby these sam- ples were not clay soils. These samples should be classified as clay soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72201", "words": "5331", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Karppanen, Eeva; Rizzo, Aldo; Berg, Seija; Lindfors, Erja; Aho, Riitta", "title": "Fusarium mycotoxins as a problem in Finnish feeds and cereals ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "animals; das; don; feed; fusarium; ht-2; mycotoxins; results; samples; scab; t-2; table; test; trichothecenes", "summary": "Menetelmien k\u00e4yt\u00f6n soveltuvuuteen ja luotettavuuteen on kiinnitetty huomiota. Menetelm\u00e4n herkkyys deoksinivalenolille, ni- valenolille ja fusarenon-X:lle on 1 ug/kg ja diasetoksis- kirpenolille, HT-2- jaT-2-toksiineille 7\u201420 ug/kg rehua tai viljaa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72202", "words": "1408", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Jaakkola, Antti", "title": "Erkki Kivinen 1903\u20141985", "date": "1985", "keywords": "agricultural; erkki; helsinki; h\u00e4n; h\u00e4nen; kivinen; oli; university; vuonna", "summary": "H\u00e4nen siirtyess\u00e4\u00e4n el\u00e4kkeelle yst\u00e4v\u00e4t, ty\u00f6toverit ja oppilaat jul- kaisivat h\u00e4nen kunniakseen juhlakirjan, jos- sa on yli 20 asiantuntija-artikkelia soista ja ki- venn\u00e4ismaista. Tiettyihin maalajeihin ja maannoksiin suuntautuneen erityisen perehtyneisyyden ohella h\u00e4n hahmotti jo varhain kuvan siit\u00e4, miten paljon ja miss\u00e4 meill\u00e4 on viljelykelpois- ta maata.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72203", "words": "2828", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Sontag, Tuula; Salovaara, Hannu", "title": "PAG electrophoregrams of wheat cultivars grown in Finland ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "band; cultivars; electrophoresis; finland; gel; gliadin; identification; marquis; wheat", "summary": "Although a part of the functional quality of wheat proteins is associated with gliadins, evidence for a systematic relationship has not been found between the breadmaking quality of wheat cultivars and the electrophoretic pat- tern of gliadins. 5 Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 57: 271\u2014277, 1985 PAG electrophoregrams of wheat cultivars grown in Finland TUULA SONTAG and HANNU SALOVAARA Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72204", "words": "2188", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Acid-neutralizing capacity of Finnish mineral soils ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "acid; anc; capacity; clay; organic; soil", "summary": "Addition of H+ ions to the edaphic system generally, but not always, de- creases soil pH; any alterations depend on the buffering properties of the respective soil. With the exception of heavy clay soils, oxalate-soluble Al significantly explained the variation in ANC38 , suggesting that dissolution of Al hydrox- ides acted as a sink for H + ions and contributed to the neutralizing capacity at the reference pH of 3.8.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72205", "words": "3027", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka; Hissa, Kari; Jaakkola, Seija", "title": "Enzymes as silage additive. Effect on fermentation quality, digestibility in sheep, degradability in sacco and performance in growing cattle ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "acid; cellulase; effect; enzyme; exp; formic; lactic; silage", "summary": "There was a significant (P<0.01) interaction between the silage and protein supplementation: FM clear- ly improved the digestibility of enzyme treated silage, but had a slightly negative effect with formic acid silage. Enzyme treatment reduced significantly (P <0.001) the digestibility of crude fibre and improved (P< 0.001) that of the ether extract compared with formic acid treated silage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72206", "words": "793", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Ryyn\u00e4nen, Viljo", "title": "Antti M\u00e4ki 1904\u20141985 ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "antti; ett\u00e4; h\u00e4n; maatalouden; my\u00f6s; m\u00e4en; m\u00e4ki; oli; sek\u00e4; toimi", "summary": "Antti M\u00e4ki toimi 1953\u20141954 ja aika- kauskirjan toimituskuntaan h\u00e4n kuului 1956\u20141971. Antti M\u00e4ki 1904\u20141985 Antti M\u00e4ki syntyi maanviljelij\u00e4n poikana Ruovedell\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72207", "words": "4569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Jokinen, Raili", "title": "Effect of liming and N fertilization on growth, macronutrient content and uptake by mixed stands of three clovers and timothy ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "clover; content; cuts; fertilization; lime; red; soil; timothy; uptake; yield", "summary": "The influence of clover content of mixed ley on magnesium and potassium in red clover and timothy. The amounts of Mg added were adequate since the content of exchangeable Mg in red clover soils de- creased only slightly at the Cao level.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72208", "words": "3844", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "Experiments on direct isolation of Pythium spp. from Finnish sugar beet soils ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "agar; fungi; growth; isolation; martin; media; medium; method; ppm; pythium; soil; spp", "summary": "2 Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 57: 223\u2014230, 1985 Experiments on direct isolation of Pythium spp. Pythium spp. were successfully isolated directly from sugar beet soils by the method of Ricci et al. (1976).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72209", "words": "3425", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "H\u00e4lv\u00e4, Seija", "title": "Consumption and production of herbs in Finland ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "caraway; dill; finland; hectares; herbs; import; mustard; parsley; production; total", "summary": "Features of herb production The herbs are cultivated mostly in unde- veloped countries where the labour costs are relatively low. Therefore herb production has less importance as an alternative use of land.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72210", "words": "2726", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Alaviuhkola, Timo; N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Gasol-treated barley for pigs ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "acid; barley; feed; gasol; pigs; protein", "summary": "The vola- tile fatty acids of Gasol barley were deter- mined by gas-liquid chromatography. Nitrogen balance, protein utilization and amino acid apparent digestibilities of diets in which dried barley (DB) was replaced with Gasol preserved barley (GB).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72211", "words": "4296", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Replacing protein supplements in barley-based diets for growing pigs with free lysine and methionine ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "acid; amino; diet; feed; lysine; pigs; protein", "summary": "The amino acid requirements pre- sented for growing pigs are 0.85\u20140.9 % for lysine, 0.55\u20140.6 % for SAA and 0.5 % for threonine (Salo et ai. 1982). Increased response of SAA in growing pig diets up to 0.60 % in feed have been found when one third originated from synthetic methionine (Berende and Bertram 1983).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72212", "words": "3778", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Distillers feeds from various grains as protein sources for pigs ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "barley; bddg; diets; distillers; products; protein", "summary": "The crude protein digestibilities of BDDG and WDDGS (73 \u201476 %) are quite promising and close to the value of barley protein (78 %). Digestibility coefficients of nutrients of barley diets containing distillery products and soybean meal as protein sources.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72213", "words": "3640", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Suomi, Kaija", "title": "Rapeseed meal of low- and high-glucosinolate type fed to growing-finishing pigs ", "date": "1985", "keywords": "digestibility; heat; lgrsm; meal; pigs; protein; rapeseed; rsm; sigga", "summary": "In the RSM\u2019s originating from B. cam- pestris the crude protein content was 7 % units lower and the fat left in solvetizing was 10 \u00b07o, the process thus differing between the various RSM\u2019s (Table 1). Heat- treated RSM had a reduced lysine content, the available lysine being especially low, 2.6 g/16 g N vs. 4.1\u20144.2 in the other RSM\u2019s.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72214", "words": "3677", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Niskanen, Raina; Jaakkola, Antti", "title": "Estimation of cation-exchange capacity in routine soil testing ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "acetate; ammonium; clay; content; range; soils", "summary": "All soils (n = 430) Clay soils (n = 230) x s range x s range Coarser soils (n = 200) Ca Mg 83 10 0\u201494 10 7 0\u201454 7 9 0.4\u2014100 80 10 26\u201494 11 7 3\u201437 9 10 0.4\u201463 x s range Acidity 85 9 0\u201495 10 6 0\u201454 5 8 0.6\u2014100 5.20.6 4.0\u20146.8 5.50.5 4.5\u20146.8 5.70.5 4.2\u20147.1 6.00.5 4.8\u20147.1 5.92.2 2.5\u201414.4 4.42.0 1,8\u201414.6 41 6 30\u201465 19 6 6\u201430 of exchangeable acidity averaged 7.5 % in clay soils (range 0.3\u201455 %) and 3.9 % in coarser soils (range 0.5\u201452 %). Results The effective CECI averaged 150 mval/kg soil in clay soils (range 74\u2014250 mval/kg soil) and 108 mval/kg soil in coarser soils (range 43\u2014288 mval/kg soil) (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72215", "words": "4084", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Niskanen, Raina; Eklund, Eva", "title": "Extracellular protease-producing actinomycetes and other bacteria in cultivated soil ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "actinomycetes; activity; pasture; pasture soil; peat; proteolytic; samples; soil; strains", "summary": "Index words: soil proteases, soil phenoloxidases, soil oxidases, humus polymerization Introduction Transformation of organic matter in soil is partially catalyzed by enzymes found outside the living soil organisms (SkujinS 1967). A greater number ofproteolytic strains originated from pasture soil than from the other soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72216", "words": "3061", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Rantala, Olli", "title": "Efficiency and profitability in pork production ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "farms; feed; margin; production; rate; region; variation", "summary": "I = < 400 pigs II = > 400 pigs Type of the feed VT = Grain +purchased protein concentrate TR=Commercial feed mixture Conclusions On average pig farms are managed quite ef- ficiently. Financial results The average gross margin in SOT farms was 68 Fmk per pig and the gross margin per- centage 11.5 % in 1975\u20141977 (Table 4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72217", "words": "3056", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Howard, L. R. ; Uusi-Rauva, A. ; Laine, J. J.", "title": "45Ca mobility and distribution during ripening and maturation of Rutgers and RIN tomatoes", "date": "1986", "keywords": "45ca; calcium; fruit; levels; rin; ripening; rutgers; tissue; tomato; tomatoes", "summary": "In this study, we utilized the radioistope 45Ca as a trace in or- der to follow calcium solubilization and dis- tribution in RIN and Rutgers tomato fruit. I. Levels of bound and soluble 45 Ca during ripen- ing of Rutgers and aging of RIN tomato fruits.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72218", "words": "4763", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo", "title": "Spring wheat mixtures in northern crop production: ability of mixtures to buffer disease development and yield loss caused by Septoria nodorum ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "cultivars; data; disease; kadett; mixtures; nodorum; t\u00e4hti; wheat; yield", "summary": "Index words: spring wheat, cultivar mixtures, yield stability, disease resistance, Seploria nodorum introduction Considerable theoretical and practical inter- est has been focused in recent years on the evaluation of genotypic mixtures in cereal crop production, and there is some evidence to support the idea that mixtures have several advantages over monocultures, such as greater stability of performance across diverse en- vironments (Jensen 1952, Simmonds 1962, Trenbath 1974) and more diverse and stable resistance to diseases (Jensen 1952, Borlaug 1958, Suneson 1960, Browning and Frey 1969). Therefore, the question arises whether cultivar mixtures can be used to reduce dis- ease progress and the yield losses caused by S. nodorum.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72219", "words": "2070", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Base-neutralizing capacity of Finnish mineral soils ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "acidity; base; clay; soil", "summary": "As expected, it tended to increase with decreasing soil pH, the correlation of log BNC 7 vs. pHCaC ,2 being r = \u2014o.B4*** (n = 0.83). + 0.31 Al0 54.43 pH + 311.74 R 2 = o.9l***, S = 16.87 The relative importance of various variables affecting the BNC, values may be compared on the basis of the /3-coefficients: pH Corg Al0 clay Heavy clays \u20140.52 0.31 0.31 Coarser clays \u20140.61 0.23 0.29 0.15 Non-clay soils \u20140.68 0.30 0.19 BNC, seems to depend most markedly on soil pH CaCl2, followed by organic C in the non-clay soils and by oxalate soluble A 1 in the coarser clay soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72220", "words": "2246", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Niskanen, Raina", "title": "Number of extractionsin determination of effective cation-exchange capacity ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "exchangeable; kci; soil; treatment", "summary": "The proportion of acid cations was lowest in soil No. 2 the pH of which was 5.3. The degree of saturation by exchangeable Ca and Mg in soils No. 2 and 4 was of the same order as in the material of Kaila (1972): 60\u201480 % and 10\u201430 % for Ca and Mg, respectively (Table 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72221", "words": "3946", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Ulvinen, Osmo", "title": "Havaintoja Pohjoismaiden Geenipankin Suomesta ker\u00e4\u00e4mist\u00e4 ohran\u00e4ytteist\u00e4 ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "cultivar; kuva; lajiketai; my\u00f6s; n\u00e4yte; n\u00e4ytteiden; ohra; oli; otra; samples; table; tahoisia; taulukko; type; tyyppikoostumus; varsin", "summary": "Ohrassa 58/10 sivuselk\u00e4suonien v\u00e4k\u00e4set olivat varsin heikko- ja. ja", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72222", "words": "6752", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Augustin, Arja; Tulisalo, Unto; Korpela, Seppo", "title": "Flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Halticinae) on rapeseed and sugarbeet in Finland ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "control; field; finland; flea beetles; host; june; numbers; plants; radish; rapeseed; seed; species; sugarbeet", "summary": "Surveys of the incidence of flea beetles on sugarbeet and rapeseed were carried out in eight localities in southern and central Finland in 1972 and 1980\u201483. The incidence of flea beetles fluctuated greatly on the cultivation, as the flea beetles moved only short distances and showed thus very local occurrence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72223", "words": "9433", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Varis, Eero", "title": "Goat\u2019s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.), a potential pasture legume for temperate conditions ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "clover; content; crude; cut; cutting; goat; nitrogen; plant; protein; raig; rue; silage; table; year; yield", "summary": "High ground water and flooding are harmful, but goat\u2019s rue can withstand spring floods reasonably well for up to 12\u201418 days (Raig 1980). It can be concluded that a mixture of goat\u2019s rue and timothy in which the proportion of goat\u2019s rue is more than half can produce high dry matter yields even without nitrogen applications.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72224", "words": "15619", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Laakso, Into", "title": "An analytical and breeding study on fatty acids in summer turnip rape (Brassica campestris L. var. annua)", "date": "1986", "keywords": "acid; acid content; analysis; breeding; chromatogr; chromatography; column; content; erucic; erucic acid; fatty; fatty acid; gas; high; injection; linoleic; method; new; oil; oils; precision; rapeseed; selection; split; technique; turnip; variation", "summary": "An analytical and breeding study on fatty acids in summer turnip rape (Brassica campestris L. var. annua ) The analytical error with PTV for most of the compounds represented less than 1 % of the variation found for fatty acids within a turnip rape variety.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72225", "words": "4621", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "Self-sufficiency of agriculture in Finland in 1970\u20141983 ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "agriculture; consumption; crisis; energy; food; production; self; sufficiency; total", "summary": "Energy crises have meant, however, that our agriculture is threat- ened mainly by the shortage of inputs. Wheat is also used for some indus- trial purposes which increases the need for domestic production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72226", "words": "3261", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Sontag, Tuula; Salovaara, Hannu; Payne, Peter I ", "title": "The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit compositions of wheat varieties bred in Finland ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "cultivars; glutenin; payne; subunits; wheat", "summary": "The 35 cultivars contain 17 different per- mutations of HMW glutenin subunits (Table 4). The limited number of combinations of HMW glutenin subunits amongst Finnish wheats causes SDS-PAGE to be of little value in varietal identification.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72227", "words": "2502", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "H\u00e4lv\u00e4, S.; Hirvi, T.; M\u00e4kinen, S.", "title": "Yield and glucosinolates in mustard seeds and volatile oils in caraway seeds and coriander fruit: I Yield and glucosinolate contents of mustard (Sinapis sp., Brassica sp.) seeds ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "brown; growth; helsinki; mustard; seeds; sinigrine; varieties; yield", "summary": "Seed yields of brown mustard varieties compared with \u2018Blaze\u2019 during 1984\u201485 at two locations 161 Kangasala. Figure I. Seed yield of yellow mustard varieties compared with Trico\u2019 during 1983\u201485 at two locations 159 Table 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72228", "words": "2132", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "H\u00e4lv\u00e4, S.; Hirvi, T.; M\u00e4kinen, S.", "title": "Yield and glucosinolate of mustard seeds and volatile oils of caraway seeds and coriander fruit: II Yield and volatile oils of caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.) ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "caraway; carvone; finland; helsinki; ml/100; oil; seeds; varieties", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 58: 163\u2014167, 1986 Yield and glucosinolate of mustard seeds and volatile oils of caraway seeds and coriander fruit. II Yield and volatile oils of caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.) H\u00c4LY\u00c4, S. 1 , HIRVI, T.2*, M\u00c4KINEN, S. 3 and HONKANEN, E.2 1 Dept of Horticulture, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland 2 VTT, Food Research Laboratory, SF-02150 ESPOO, Finland 3 Dept of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72229", "words": "2110", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "H\u00e4lv\u00e4, S.; Hirvi, T.; M\u00e4kinen, S.", "title": "Yield and glucosinolate of mustard seeds and volatile oils of caraway seeds and coriander fruit: lll \u00a0Yield and volatile oils of coriander fruit (Coriandrum sativum L.)\u00a0", "date": "1986", "keywords": "coriander; finland; fruit; helsinki; oils; seeds; varieties", "summary": "11l Yield and volatile oils of coriander fruit (Conundrum sativum L.) H\u00c4LY\u00c4, S. 1, HIRVI, T.2*, M\u00c4KINEN, S. 3 and HONKANEN, E.2 ' Dept of Horticulture, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland 2 VTT, Food Research Laboratory, SF-02150 ESPOO, Finland Dept of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract. The amount of volatile oils (ml/100 g) in coriander fruit in 1983\u201485 at two locations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72230", "words": "2613", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Korva, J.; Tuori, M.", "title": "Nurmirehun sulavuuden arvioiminen raakakuitu- ja raakavalkuaispitoisuuden perusteella ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "aineen; cpd; digestibility; esim; kivim\u00e4e; kuin; kuva; omd; orgaanisen; protein; raakavalkuaisen; salo; sulavuus", "summary": "Jo 1950-luvulla esitettiin kai- kille m\u00e4rehtij\u00f6iden rehuille k\u00e4yr\u00e4viivainen lo- garitminen riippuvuus raakavalkuaispitoisuu- den ja CPD:n v\u00e4lill\u00e4 (Glover ym. 1957). ja raakavalkuaispitoisuuksia vastaavat orgaanisen aineen ja raakavalkuaisen sulavuudet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72231", "words": "3376", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Tenhovuori, Markku", "title": "The influence of soil water potential and soil temperature on the seedling emergence of wheat and barley ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "barley; curve; emergence; matric; potential; soil; temperature; water; wheat", "summary": "The influence of soil water potential and soil temperature on the seedling emergence of wheat and barley MARKKU TENHOVUORI Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering SF-02150 ESPOO, Finland Abstract. The present paper is dealing with the effect of soil matric potential and soil temperature on the seedling emergence of wheat and bar- ley.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72232", "words": "1624", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Finne, \u00c5ke", "title": "Micropropagation of Rubus spp. ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "bap; evergreen; medium; mg/1; satin; thornless", "summary": "Rapid micropropagation of \u2018Black Satin\u2019, \u2018Thornless Evergreen\u2019 and \u2018Bedford Giant\u2019 was achieved by culturing shoot tips in a 1/1 MS. For \u2018Thornless Evergreen\u2019 this was a real problem, because almost half of the plants on multiplication medium were in avery bad con- dition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72233", "words": "5744", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Hannukkala, Asko; Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "Urea treatment of barley grain. Effect on storage properties and fungal growth ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "ammonia; barley; content; effect; fungi; fusarium; grain; level; moisture; scopulariopsis; seeds; ssp; storage; treatment; urea", "summary": "Similar DM losses in urea treated grain have Table I. Effect of urea level on chemical composition (g/kg DM), pH and dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) recoveries. In conclusion, the results of the present study show that urea is an effective and cheap preservative of high moisture grain.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72234", "words": "2353", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Lahtinen, Seppo", "title": "Transformation of the rheological properties of a soya oil-in-water emulsion as a result of the addition of salt substitutes ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "alginate; emulsion; nacl; properties; salt; sodium; water", "summary": "Index words: emulsions, rheological properties, sodium chloride, salt substitutes, alginates, xanthan gum Introduction Few systematical studies exist concerning the influences of inorganic salts on macromo- lecular compounds in an emulsion system. The same pH value and salt con- centration as above were used in this latter type of emulsion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72235", "words": "3023", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Erjala, Matti", "title": "Control of manganese deficiency in sugar beet by placement of a manganated compound fertilizer ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "beet; compound; deficiency; fertilizer; foliage; manganese; placement; soil; sugar", "summary": "Addition of manganese fertilizer in the soil also involves some problems, because manga- nese rapidly becomes inavailable to plants when mixed into a well limed and tilled soil. Effect of the treatments on the quantity and quality of sugar beet yield.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72236", "words": "6767", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Tulisalo, Unto; Wuori, Tuomo", "title": "Blossom beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) as a yield factor in turnip rape (Brassica campestris L.) ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "beetles; blossom; blossom beetles; control; fig; flowering; number; plants; rape; seed; spring; stage; turnip; winter; yield", "summary": "226 The abundance and population growth of blossom beetles Blossom beetles feed on the pollen of many different plant species (Pruffer 1958), but in Fig. Blossom beetle numbers observed on winter and spring rapes during the summer of 1977.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72237", "words": "22113", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Tammisola, Jussi", "title": "Populations in clonal plants ", "date": "1986", "keywords": "breeding; clonal; clonality; clones; community; degree; dispersal; distribution; diversity; growth; harper; indices; levin; new; number; parent; plants; pollen; population; ramets; reproduction; seed; self; size; species; variance; variation", "summary": "In clonal plant populations, there is usual- ly a certain degree of sexual reproduction as well. Plant populations show hierarchy at two levels: ramets and genets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72238", "words": "4205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo; Kortet, Salme", "title": "Environmental and genetic variation in protein content of peas under northern growing conditions and breeding implications ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "content; h\u00e4m; july; kjo; kvo; kym; lou; protein; protein content; variation", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 59: I\u20149, 1987 Environmental and genetic variation in protein content of peas under northern growing conditions and breeding implications REIJO KARJALAINEN and \u00bbSALME KORTET Departments of Plant Pathology and Plant Breeding, University of Helsinki SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland *Department of Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, SF-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Abstract. Association of protein content in peas with climatic factors was studied on data based on official cultivar trials at six locations in southern Finland in 1978\u20141985.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72239", "words": "2728", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kangas, Juhani; Louhelainen, Ky\u00f6sti; Husman, Kaj", "title": "Gaseous health hazards in livestock confinement buildings ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "ammonia; buildings; cmvm3; concentrations; confinement; hydrogen; piggeries; poultry; sulfide; yards", "summary": "Gas concentrations were measured on 16 farms (eight cattle farms, five piggeries, three poultry yards) mainly during wintertime. There is, however, little in- formation on occupational hygiene measure- ments of gas concentrations in different live- stock buildings.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72240", "words": "2723", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "H\u00e4lv\u00e4, S.; Puukka, L.", "title": "Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): I Herb yield of dill and basil affected by fertilization", "date": "1987", "keywords": "basil; dill; fertilization; herb; kg/100; yield", "summary": "Estimating the yield by the amount of N fertilizer indicated that dill yield would increase up to the fertilizing rate of 1.15 and basil yield up to 1.0 (in 1985) or 1.50(in 1984)kg N/100 m 2 after which the herb yields will decrease. Response of dill yield to basic fertilization in 1984 (yl, observations marked with x) and 1985 (y2, observations with o).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72241", "words": "2830", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "H\u00e4lv\u00e4, S.; Huopalahti, R.; M\u00e4kinen, S.", "title": "Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): II Oil yield of dill affected by fertilization", "date": "1987", "keywords": "aroma; content; dill; fertilization; herb; oil; yield", "summary": "The small nitrogen doses (30 \u201440 kg N/ha) gave also good results in respect to oil yield and the amount of 3,6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran, the most important aroma compound in the dill herb. The results of this study clearly point out that the optimum dill herb in respect to the herb and oil yield, and the amount of 3,6- dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran, the character impact compound in dill herb, is reached by a rather low nitrogen supply (30 \u201440 kg N/ha).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72242", "words": "2355", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "H\u00e4lv\u00e4, S.", "title": "Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) lll Oil yield of basil affected by fertilization ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "aroma; basil; content; fenotype; fertilization; herb; oil; plants", "summary": "Influence of soil salinity on produc- tion of seeds and essential oil content of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Response of N and P on yield and essential oil content of dill in non-saline alkali soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72243", "words": "2508", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "H\u00e4lv\u00e4, S.", "title": "Studies on production techniques of some herb plants: I Effect of Agryl P17 mulching on herb yield and volatile oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "agryl; basil; content; herb; marjoram; oil; yield", "summary": "These results confirm with those of H\u00e4rdh and H\u00e4rdh (1972) and H\u00e4rdh (1978), who found higher oil content in marjoram grown in a greenhouse than outdoors. Agryl Pl 7 mulching increased basil yield at all locations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72244", "words": "1385", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "H\u00e4lv\u00e4, S.", "title": "Studies on production techniques of some herb plants: II Row spacing and cutting height of dill herb (anethum graveolens L.)", "date": "1987", "keywords": "dill; dry; herb; leaves; row", "summary": "Index words: cutting, dill, herb yield, row spacing Introduction Many studies have been carried out to determine the optimum plant density for hor- ticultural crops, however, only few of those are for herb plants. RESEARCH NOTE Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 59: 37\u201440, 1987 STUDIES ON PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES OF SOME HERB PLANTS II Row spacing and cutting height of dill herb (Anethum graveolens L.) H\u00c4LY\u00c4, S. Dept, of Horticulture, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72245", "words": "3008", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Sulphate sorption by Finnish mineral soils ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "index; phosphate; phosphorus; soil; sorption; sulphate; sulphur", "summary": "This is reflected in the values of water-soluble phos- phorus (Hartikainen 1982) which might be used as an estimate of phosphorus concen- tration in soil solution (Amarasiri and Olsen 1973). Water ligands are more easily displaced by sulphate than hydroxyls (Rajan 1978), and therefore Al compounds offer in Finnish soils within normal pH range more easily accessible sites for sorption of sulphate than do Fe com- pounds as was observed in the present study.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72246", "words": "2195", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Westermarck, Hakon W.", "title": "Selenium in long term feeding and the frequency of White Muscle Disease in cattle in Finland during the years 1978\u20141985 ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "area; cattle; finland; heifers; selenium; wmd", "summary": "The decrease of WMD cases reflects a better Se status in cattle as a whole, and has also contributed to an increase in the Se content in animal products. The effect of Se supplementation The amount of Se fed to animals in the after a summer with a rainfall of 137.8 mm/ month in the interior, there was a lower fre- quency of WMD than in the coastal area where therainfall was only 103,8 mm/month.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72247", "words": "1865", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Salovaara, H.; Karjalainen, R.", "title": "Spring wheat mixtures in northern crop production: Quality characteristics ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "characteristics; components; disease; kadett; mixtures; quality; t\u00e4hti; wheat", "summary": "In the present study we have grown mix- tures of two or three spring wheat cultivars over two years in small scale field trials in order to obtain an idea of the potential of mixed cropping with respect to wheat quality. Flowever, our recent studies (Karjalainen and Salovaara 1986) suggest that Septoria nodorum can af- fect wheat quality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72248", "words": "1589", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Niskanen, Raina; M\u00e4ntylahti, V\u00e4in\u00f6", "title": "Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: I Drying of soil samples ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "drying; soil", "summary": "Drying Drying H 2O %of dry soil method time Soi] , Soi , 2 Sojl 3 50\u00b0C 4 h 1.25b 2.02b 2.95 8 h 1.34b 1.90b 3.1 l d 70\u00b0C 4 h 1.58- 2.35 3.90'* 8 h 2.01 r* 2.49 d 3.64 105\u00b0C 4 h 1.96* 2.94 s 4,17 8 h 2.06 s 2.88's 4.74 k H 2S0 4 8 h 0.87\u00bb 1.43\u00bb 2.06\u00bb 3 d 1.68\u201c* 2.50cd 3.73 7 d 1,78d 2.64 dc 3.97* 10 d 1.77d 2.64 dc 3.978 17 d 1.88* 2.77\u00ab 4.13 21 d 1,85 dcf8 2.70 4.05*' P 20 5 8 h 1.00\u00bb 1.52\u00bb 2.22b 3 d 1,73dc 2.50 d 3.75 7 d 1.89* 2.65 dc 3.97* 10 d 1.89d8 2.64 dc 3.97e h 14 d 1,92d8 2.70 4.03*' 24 d 2.03* 2.83r* 4.21' 28 d 1.99'* 2.73 4,10 Soils tested separately 64 The non-colloidal particles have a small quantity of adsorbed water which is easily removed from their surfaces by heating (Gardner 1965). Thermodynamics of soil water: IV.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72249", "words": "2805", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Niskanen, Raina; M\u00e4ntylahti, V\u00e4in\u00f6", "title": "Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: II Dependence of soil specific surface area on clay and organic carbon content ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "area; clay; content; soil; surface; water", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 59: 67\u201472, 1987 Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption II Dependence of soil specific surface area on clay and organic carbon content Despite various uncertainties involved in the measurement of surface area, we still agree with Hillel(1971) who claims that the mea- surement of soil specific surface area may eventually prove a more significant and per- tinent index for characterizing a soil than the particle-size distribution.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72250", "words": "2682", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku; Palko, Jukka", "title": "Mineral element content of oats (Avena sativa L.) in an acid sulphate soil area of Tupos village, northern Finland ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "acid; content; oats; soils; sulphate; tupos", "summary": "Tupos soils have previously been character- ized in detail by Ervi\u00f6 and Palko (1984). As for Zn, its solubility in Tupos soils proved to be dependent on soil pH (Palko and Yli-Halla 1987), but the variation in the Zn content of the oats seemed not to be affected by this re- lationship.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72251", "words": "3266", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Juga, J.; Syv\u00e4j\u00e4rvi, J.; Vilva, V.", "title": "A simulation study for optimizing the use of dairy bulls in breeding programs ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "breeding; bulls; fertility; genetic; milk; number; production; response; selection", "summary": "number of number of number of young bulls daughters in tested bulls progeny test 1: 132 180 24 2: 132 180 12 3: 238 100 24 4: 238 100 12 5: 477 50 24 Weights that were used in overall selection index. /year proportions of bulls used for inseminations: 60 % with young bulls 34 % with tested bulls 6 % with beef bulls inseminations required: 1.7 inseminations/pregnancy young bulls; 10.7 inseminations/lactation record tested bulls: 3.6 inseminations/lactation record (37 % of Ist lactation records were made by daughters of young bulls 63 % of Ist lactation records were made by daughters of tested bulls) 6 bull sires/year tested bulls were used for 3 years generation interval in sire to son path was 8 years heritabilities: milk production 0.25 fertility 0.05 seminated with tested bull semen or with young bull semen were fixed (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72252", "words": "6535", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "The effect of preceding crops on damping-off of sugar beet and some ecological properties of the fungus Pythium Pringsh ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "beet; crops; density; emergence; experiment; growing; inoculum; number; pythium; soil; sugar; sugar beet", "summary": "A. GROWING PERIOD 4 Sugar beet in rotation Emergence, % Post-emergence damping-off, \u00b07o Peat Very fine Sandy Peat Very fine Sandy Preceding crops % soil sand soil clay Mean soil sand soil clay Mean S-S-S 100 77.0 55.0 83.0 71.7 47.2 35.6 4.1 29.0 ( =0) ( =0) ( =0) ( =0) ( = 0) ( =0) Fb-Fb-S 33 + 19.0 +2.3 +1.3 79.2 \u201421.8 \u201413.0 + 1.1 17.7 Fb-S-Fb 33 +14.7 +16.7 \u201412.0 78.1 \u201423.6 \u201412.9 + 12.9 21.1 B-B-S 33 +20.3 +33.3 + 15.7 94.8 \u201435.2 \u20141.3 \u20142.5 16.0 B-S-B 33 +20.3 +42.3 \u20143.0 91.5 \u201423.1 \u201413.3 \u20142.7 15.9 G-S-G 33 +8.7 +30.7 +2.7 85.7 +3.9 +5.5 \u20140.7 31.9 G-G-G 0 +9.0 +26.7 + 11.7 87.5 \u20144.6 \u201417.5 \u20143.1 20.6 F-value 1.391.04 1.83 2.84* 0.920.74 LSDtoos 18.9 B. GROWING PERIOD 8 Sugar beet ' Emergence, % Post-emergence damping-off, % in rotation peat Very fine Sandy Peat Very fine Sandy Preceding crops % soil sand soil clay Mean soil sand soil clay Mean S-S-S-S-F-S-S 86 60.3 55.7 59.7 58.6 29.0 38.4 37.0 34.8 ( =0) ( =0) ( =0) ( =0) ( = 0) ( =0) Fb-Fb-S-S-F-Fb-Fb 29 +1.4 \u201415.7 \u20149.4 51.0 \u20149.3 \u201428.4 \u201424.7 14.0 Fb-S-Fb-S-F-Fb-S 43 +5.0 \u201423.4 +7.1 54.9 \u20141.7 \u201430.8 +0.3 24.1 B-B-S-S-F-B-B 29 +3.4 \u201412.4 \u201413.0 51.2 \u201419.3 \u20145.8 \u201428.7 16.9 B-S-B-S-F-B-S 43 + 15.7 \u2014B.O + 10.6 64.7 \u20142.0 \u201413.8 \u20144.7 28.0 G-S-G-S-F-G-S 43 +6.0 +7.4 + 10.3 66.2 \u201413.7 \u20146.4 \u201412.7 23.9 G-G-G-S-F-G-G 14 \u2014ll.O +4.4 +8.3 59.2 \u201413.0 \u20140.4 \u201425.3 21.9 F-value LSDt0 os 1.33 3.07* 1.12 0.89 0.79 4.82** 23.8 20.5 Key: S =Sugar beet Fb =Field bean B =Barley G = Grass F =Fallow the peat soil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72253", "words": "11962", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "The effect of dietary inclusion of barley, unmolassed sugar beet pulp and molasses on milk production, digestibility and digesta passage in dairy cows given silage based diet ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "barley; cows; dairy; diets; digestibility; effect; energy; fat; intake; milk; molasses; protein; sbp; sbp diets; silage; supplements; yield", "summary": "Statistical significance of effectTreatmentFatty acid SEM A B C D E 24 df AB v. AD v. AE v. C. v. DE BE BD other 4:0 3.65 3.60 3.60 3.34 3.47 0.07 ** NS NS NS 6:0 to 14:1 24.2 24.1 23.8 24.6 23.4 0.73 NS NS NS NS 16:0 to 16:1 35.2 34.9 34.4 32.8 33.2 0.64 *\u00bb NS NS NS 18:0 10.2 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.8 0.25 NS NS NS NS 18:1 19.7 20.0 20.3 20.6 22.0 0.96 NS NS NS NS 18:2 2.36 2.32 2.39 2.59 2.46 0.06 ** NS NS NS 18:3 0.58 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.03 NS NS NS NS All unsaturated fatty acids 26.0 26.4 26.4 27.1 28.7 1.10 NS NS NS NS Fatty acids with odd number of C 3.54 3.42 3.45 3.98 3.66 0.10 ** * NS NS For significance: see Table 3. Statistical significance of effectTreatment SEM A B C D E 24 df AB v. AD v. AE v. C. v. DE BE BD other Milk yield (kg/d) 23.3 21.9 24.0 24.4 23.0 0.37 ** **\u2022 NS \u00bb FCM yield (kg/d) 26.5 24.8 27.0 26.4 25.1 0.43 NS \u2022* NS \u2022 Fat yield (g/d) 1146 1069 1159 1109 1064 20 NS ** NS \u20221146 1069 1159 1109 1064 20 NS \u2022* NS \u2022 Protein yield (g/d) 715 682 757 755 706 13 \u2022 \u2022\u2022 NS Milk composition Fat (g/kg) 49.1 49.0 48.2 45.5 46.4 0.60 *** NS NS NS Protein (g/kg) 30.6 31.0 31.4 30.8 30.8 0.42 NS NS NS NS Live weight Mean (kg) 512 511 518 514 512 2.2 NS NS NS NS Change (kg/d) 0.16 0.15 \u20140.19 \u20140.06 0.20 0.14 NS NS NS NS Feed conversion FFU/kg FCM 1 0.383 0.358 0.366 0.359 0.351 0.013 NS NS NS NS kg DM/kg FCM 0.617 0.616 0.580 0.592 0.625 0.009 NS NS NS ** DCP g/kg FCM 2 60.6 59.9 55.7 56.7 60.7 1.00 NS NS NS *\u2022 Production feed units; intake corrected for maintenance and live weight change 2 Production DCP; intake corrected for maintenance For significance: see Table 3. (Table 5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72254", "words": "4704", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Tegel, Satu", "title": "Clone selection in the Lonicera tatarica complex ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "bella; berries; clones; flowers; hybrids; red; tatarica", "summary": "The aim was to register L. tatarica clones and to col- lect beautiful, healthy and hardy ones. Valituista kannoista 7 oli aitoja rusokuusa- mia (L. latarica L.), nelj\u00e4 punakukkaista ja kolme val- kokukkaista.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72255", "words": "4041", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku; Viikari, Esko; Palonen, Juha", "title": "Quantity and quality of potato yield as influenced by unbalanced and excessive fertilization ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "content; fertilization; fertilizer; flavour; mealiness; potato; soil; table", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 59: 131\u2014139, 1987 Quantity and quality of potato yield as influenced by unbalanced and excessive fertilization MARKKU YLI-HALLA, ESKO VIIKARI and JUHA PALONEN Kemira Oy, Espoo Research Centre, Luoteisrinne 2 SF-02270 ESPOO. Total potato yields (t/ha) and percentages of various tuber size fractions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72256", "words": "2400", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Niskanen, Raina", "title": "Release of phosphorus, aluminium and iron in fractionation of inorganic soil phosphorus ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "aluminium; iron; oxalate; phosphate; phosphorus; soil", "summary": "Pro- portions of P extracted by 0.5 M NH 4F (0.2\u201410.4 mmol/kg soil) and 0.1 M NaOH (0.1\u2014 9.8 mmol/kg soil) were related to the molar ratio of oxalate-extractable iron and aluminium. Al extracted by 0.1 M NaOH (7 \u2014174 mmol/kg soil) and 0.25 M H 2 S04 (17 \u2014112 mmol/kg soil) amounted to 55\u201494 % and 16\u2014245 \u00b07o of oxalate-extractable Al, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72257", "words": "1306", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo", "title": "Professori Eeva Tapio 60-vuotias ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "eeva; h\u00e4n; pathology; plant; professor; research; tapio; vuonna", "summary": "Erityisesti molekyylibiologiset ja geenitekno- logiset menetelm\u00e4t ovat jo tulleet hyvin kes- keisiksi kasvipatologiassa, ja jo nyt voidaan sanoa, ett\u00e4 n\u00e4iden uusien menetelmien avul- la kasvitautien torjuntaa voidaan l\u00e4hitulevai- suudessa oleellisesti tehostaa. H\u00e4n ymm\u00e4rsi my\u00f6s jo var- hain ryhm\u00e4ty\u00f6n ja tieteidenv\u00e4lisen yhteisty\u00f6n merkityksen, mik\u00e4 heijastuu my\u00f6s kasvipato- logian laitoksen nykyisess\u00e4 tutkimustoimin- nassa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72258", "words": "10897", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Thordal-Christensen, Hans; Gregersen, Per L.; Andersen, Jan B.; Smedegaars-Petersen, Viggo", "title": "Induction of defence reactions in plants ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "barley; barley powdery; cell; elicitors; et al; host; inducer; infection; inoculation; mildew; pathogen; petersen; plant; powdery; powdery mildew; race; resistance; response; virulent", "summary": "Our results of induced resistance up to 10 hours after inoculation are in agreement with the findings that resistance elicitors are often non-specific (Ayers et al. 1976, Bostock et al. 1981, Rohwer et al. 1987). Induced resistance was mainly localized to the epidermal cells attacked by the inducer, but an effect was also present in the surrounding epidermal cells.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72259", "words": "3597", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Sepp\u00e4nen, Esko", "title": "Bacterial and fungal diseases of potatoes in Finland ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "agric; blight; control; diseases; fenn; finland; koetoim; potato; potatoes; resistance; sepp\u00e4nen", "summary": "Va- rietal resistance of potato tubers to someFusarium spe- cies. b. Fusariums of the potato in Finland V. Fur- ther investigations on the growth optima of Fusarium species in potato tubers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72260", "words": "3764", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Bremer, Katri", "title": "Virus diseases of berry plants in Finland ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "black; bremer; currants; diseases; finland; plants; raspberry; ring; seed; strawberry; virus; virus diseases; viruses", "summary": "They often show symptoms of virus diseases (Jamalainen 1957) as well as virus-like yellow fleck symptoms caused by the mite Eriophyes gracilis (Lindroth (Tiro) 1902). According to Tapio (1961), several virus diseases occur in Finland, e.g. red raspberry mosaic, raspberry vein chlorosis, raspberry vein banding, rasp- berry yellows, raspberry leaf mottle, and rasp- berry leaf curl, but they have not been de- scribed in more detail.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72261", "words": "5270", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kurppa, Aarne; Vuento, Matti", "title": "A simple kit for rapid field diagnosis of potato virus Y by latex serological test ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "agglutination; card; detection; elisa; latex; latex test; leaf; potato; potato virus; pvy; samples; sprouts; test; virus; viruses", "summary": "Index words: virus detection, serology, latex test, ELISA, potato virus Y, PVY Introduction Serological diagnosis of plant viruses has developed drastically during the past decade, particularly with the introduction of labelled antibody techniques, especially the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Clark and Adams 1977). Test latexes pre- Table 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72262", "words": "7039", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo; Rouhiainen, Leo; S\u00f6derlund, Hans", "title": "Diagnosis of plant viruses by nucleic acid hybridization ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "1984; 1985; acid; cdna; detection; dna; et al; hybridization; plant; potato; probes; pvx; rna; sensitivity; virus; viruses", "summary": "Index words; virus detection, cDNA probes, potato virus X (PVX), spot hybridization, sandwich hybridization 179 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=DjZpFvVO8uY2ig7J.plBsf58FTrthtEGT3tutMA.xMVE7-ZscQ6WTZCbwV2S3-LEOftKqYJAy3-gYyszGgRNTOcQ0mq0LIz6XC8CwCo5TNvLanMwiSmZxjiKBO1byla6mcy7FZHNJrHHa25OzZsZrrk4AnFfZcELoZhN2nhk-eVJ-bN2aCWjsY168WcboboR0eLbmDXLUz3-Ik63rpyMk8cfAnPfkJOoZGRAN_Bg-oe2d8n3OZ87r7r-9navboEjw3o Introduction Crop losses caused by plant viruses are cur- Use of RNA pro- bes to detect plant RNA viruses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72263", "words": "2433", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Oxelfelt, Per; Tomenius, Karin", "title": "Immunogold cytochemistry in plant virus research, A review", "date": "1987", "keywords": "antibodies; cells; gold; langenberg; mosaic; plant; protein; virus", "summary": "Applications The first reports on the use of immunogold cytochemistry in the study of plant viruses ap- peared in 1983. After applying the gold-IgG complex they found strong uniform specific labelling over crystal- line aggregates of virus particles.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72264", "words": "3689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto; Avikainen, Hanna", "title": "The biological control of seed-borne Alternaria brassicicola of cruciferous plants with a powdery preparation of Streptomyces sp. ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "alternaria; brassicicola; control; dressing; effectiveness; fig; lots; peat; preparation; seed; streptomyces", "summary": "The effectiveness of the Streptomyces pow- der remained unchanged on dressed seed stored for a period of 4\u20146 weeks. The treatment was still effective on dressed seed stored for as long as 18 weeks, although less effective than after a short storage period (Figs. 1 and 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72265", "words": "2510", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Sundheim, Leif", "title": "Cloning and conjugational transfer of chitinase encoding genes ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "chitinase; cloning; fig; gene; marcescens; plant; plasmid; transposon", "summary": "A Tn 3 LacZ transposon made by Stachel et al. (1985) serves both as a transposon mutagen and generates gene fusions that can be exploited to study gene expression. A Tn 3 lacZ transposon for the random generation of ff-galactosida.se gene fusion: application to the analysis of gene expression in Agrobacleriuin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72266", "words": "8553", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Brishammer, Sture", "title": "Critical aspects of phytoalexins in potato ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "activity; cells; et al; fungus; host; infection; infestans; pathogens; phytoalexins; plant; potato; rishitin; sesquiterpenes; substances; tissues; tubers", "summary": "Added rishitin can probably be metabolized by cells in which all metabolic pathways are activated as in photosynthesizing cells or tuber cells with an activated citric acid cycle (Kahl 1974). In pathogens inducing phytoalexin synthesis in host cells the course of infection will vary, depending on pathogen type.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72267", "words": "48099", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Sumelius, John", "title": "The Returns to Investment in Agricultural Research in Finland 1950\u20141984 ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "aggregate; agricultural; change; estimate; extension; fim; inputs; labour; lag; lags; level; production; production function; productivity; public; rate; regression; research; research benefits; research capital; research coefficient; research costs; research elasticity; research expenditures; research flow; research input; research production; research research; research results; research stock; research variable; respect; return; study; table; total; value; variables", "summary": "If for a moment we forget the doubts about the reliability of the parameter estimate of research, which is equal to the marginal product, and assume it is 0.016 for public research, which is the smallest pa- rameter estimate of public research, and 0.022 for total research estimate, as indicated by regressions (2) and (6), we can calculate an elasticity with respect to research input. According to the definiti- on of elasticity, it shows the percentage change in production when research input is changed by 1 %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72268", "words": "2599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Ty\u00f6pp\u00f6nen, Jouko; Berg, Hans; Valtonen, Maija", "title": "Effects of dietary supplement of methionine and lysine on blood parameters and fur quality in blue fox during low-protein feeding ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "control; fur; groups; methionine; plasma; protein; table; ty\u00f6pp\u00f6nen", "summary": "The present paper describes an experiment where the possible beneficial effects of supplemental 355 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=hmi9RWLuw_GAxKBc._SqVlbi9eILyAZ-3GiPF3Q.eJ49LeJ5auHXXr-pojRhKmqi5yiLJPLwbXagQM2icfqG0YVBdt3lgbvOUgQLz2IL-VBxz9Jx9fWVUyH0BxRJOjp-TeKdcECNmk_rUWa15fF6KsQMYC-lqhu6vDq4h1PZ4FRb6hglcgihrM2oQELn7AiAY_PvhR4fj0RVMXWXjlWX-pu6DN8r2W3SigkR5QojgDF9RKpcCDS2lG_VMhFs67ilzR1fbg methionine and lysine were studied in blue fox fed with diets of low protein content. This is probably due to metabolic adapta- tion to lowered dietary protein content as previously shown to occur in rats (Das & Waterlow 1974).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72269", "words": "4146", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Rauramaa, Aino; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; Moisio, Tauno; Heikkil\u00e4, Terttu; Lampila, Martti", "title": "The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage: I Biochemical changes in the silages ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "acid; aiv; cellulase; fermentation; grass; preservation; silage", "summary": "Assess- ment of the quality of AIV silage. Effect of inoculants, grain and formic acid on silage fermentation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72270", "words": "2918", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Rauramaa, Aino; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko; Moisio, Tauno; Sivel\u00e4, Seppo; Heikkil\u00e4, Terttu; Lampila, Martti", "title": "The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage: II Microbiological changes in the silages ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "acid; additives; bacteria; cellulase; contents; silages", "summary": "The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage. The effects of formicand propionic acids in the aerobic deterioration of grass silage in laboratory units.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72271", "words": "3292", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Laurema, Seppo; Varis, Anna-Liisa", "title": "The fluoride content of Finnish honey ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "concentrations; content; finland; fluoride; groundwater; helsinki; honey; samples", "summary": "The aim of the present study was to determine fluoride in honey samples collected from different areas of Finland, and to compare the results with thefluoride content of the groundwater. The concentrations were lowest in eastern and northern Finland, where the amount of fluoride in the soil is small, and higher on the coast and areas where more fluoride occurs in the groundwater and bed- rock.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72272", "words": "4802", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Roivainen, P\u00e4ivi", "title": "The in vivo growth and development of micropropagated Elatior begonias (Begonia x hiemalis): I. Study on the effect of lighting and substrate ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "afrodite; cultivar; elatior; lamps; lighting; peat; perlite; plants; substrate; treatment", "summary": "The following Elatior begonia cultivars were studied: \u2019Afrodite\u2019, \u2019Afrodite Special\u2019, 'Afrodite Rosa\u2019, \u2019Man- dela\u2019, \u2019Barbara\u2019, \u2019Connie\u2019, \u2019Marja\u2019 and \u2019Sirene\u2019. Viljelytekniikan vaikutuksen selvitt\u00e4miseksi j\u00e4rjestet- tiin kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 1987 valotus-ja kasvualustakoe seuraavilla mikrolis\u00e4tyill\u00e4 pauliinabegonialajikkeilla: \u2019Afrodite\u2019, \u2019Afrodite Special\u2019, \u2019Afrodite Rosa\u2019, \u2019Mandela\u2019, \u2019Barba- ra\u2019, \u2019Connie\u2019, \u2019Marja\u2019 ja \u2019Sirene\u2019, Kokeessa oli mukana nelj\u00e4 eri lampputyyppi\u00e4: suurpainenatriumlamput (Airam SNaKd 330 W), suurpaine-elohopealamput (Airam HgLX 400 W), monimetallilamput (Philips HPI/T 375 W) sek\u00e4 kontrollina hehkulamput 100 W. Kokeessa mukana ol- leet kasvualustaseokset olivat 82-turve, 82-turve (3 osaa) plus perliitti (1 osa) sek\u00e4 82-turve (2 osaa) plus perliitti (2 osaa).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72273", "words": "2706", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Roivainen, P\u00e4ivi", "title": "The in vivo growth and development of micropropagated Elatior begonias (Begonia x hiemalis): II. Study on the effect of chlormequat and ancymidol", "date": "1987", "keywords": "ancymidol; begonia; chlormequat; elatior; flower; growth; plants; ppm", "summary": "Plants of the best quality, and thus the greatest proportions of saleable plants, were obtained by spraying once with 500 or 1000 ppm chlormequat or not using growth retar- dants at all. The greatest proportions of saleable plants were obtained by spraying once with 500 or 1000ppm chlormequat or leaving the plants untreated.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72274", "words": "10180", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "The effects of intraruminal infusions of sucrose and xylose on nitrogen and fibre digestion in the rumen and intestines of cattle receiving diets of grass silage and barley ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "ammonia; concentration; digestion; duodenum; effect; infusions; level; rumen; silage; sugar; sugar level", "summary": "Sugar I cvcl SEM Statistical signifi- W ~0 \u00ab\u00d6 W ~s r cance of effect Sugar Level' OM 12 h 420 447 460 412 428 15.4 18.8 NS NS 24 h 599 603 616 598 587 8.9 10.9 NS NS 48 h 699 707 717 701 691 4.6 5.7 NS \u2022\u2022 Nitrogen 12 h 741 753 753 730 758 12.4 15.2 NS NS 24 h 850 850 845 843 862 5.0 6.1 NS NS 48 h 877 882 875 876 887 4.4 5.3 NS NS N-free Om 12 h 351 382 398 345 357 16.5 20.2 NS NS 24 h 545 550 568 546 529 10.0 12.3 NS NS 48 h 664 670 684 663 649 5.0 6.1 NS \u2022*\u2022 Resid.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72275", "words": "2427", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ahonen, Seija; Kuokkanen, Iris; Penttil\u00e4, Pirjo-Liisa", "title": "The nitrate concentration of domestic vegetables on Helsinki market in summer and autumn 1984 ", "date": "1987", "keywords": "cabbage; concentration; lettuce; nitrate; samples", "summary": "Flowever, also among these samples there were some with high nitrate concentration. Nitrate concentration of some domestic vegetables at Helsinki district market was studied during the summer and autumn months of the year 1984.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72276", "words": "31060", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Hovinen, Simo", "title": "Breeding of a protein pea ideotype for Finnish conditions ", "date": "1988", "keywords": "afila; application; breeding; characteristics; correlation; crop; fig; filby; growing; height; high; hja; leafed; lines; lodging; material; nitrogen; nodes; number; pea; pea varieties; pea yield; peas; plant; proco; protein content; protein pea; protein yield; seed yield; seeds; size; stand; stem; table; tammi; time; total; trials; varieties; variety; yield yield; yields", "summary": "The results of the present study indicate that abundant nitrogen application does not, on the average, increase the yield of pea varieties. Yield capacity of pea varieties compared with species mean at different yield levels by regression analysis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72277", "words": "2897", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Niskanen, Raina; M\u00e4ntylahti, V\u00e4in\u00f6", "title": "Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: III Comparison of surface areas determined by water vapor and nitrogen gas adsorption ", "date": "1988", "keywords": "adsorption; area; bet; soil; surface; vapor; water", "summary": "The previous study (Nis- kanen and M\u00e4ntylahti 1987 a) showed that soil surface areas determined by water vapor adsorption at p/p0 20 % were closely related to soil clay and organic carbon content. Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 60: 73\u201479, 1988 Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption 111 Comparison of surface areas determined by water vapor and nitrogen gas adsorption RAINA NISKANEN' and V\u00c4IN\u00d6 M\u00c4NTYLAHTI 2 1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland 2 Viljavuuspalvelu Oy (Soil Analysis Service Ltd.), Vellikellontie 4, SF-00410 Helsinki, Finland Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72278", "words": "2861", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Klen, Tapio", "title": "Additional costs to Finnish dairy farms due to occupational safety and health ", "date": "1988", "keywords": "cost; farm; fim; health; labor; machines; safety; value", "summary": "The aim of this study is not to estimate the cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness relationship of labor protection costs, but only roughly to describe the size class of labor protection costs on typical Finnish dairy farms according to prevailing safety norms and general require- ments in Finland. In many cases it was difficult to separate labor protection costs from other production investments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72279", "words": "2666", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Pietil\u00e4, Leena; Jokela, Paula", "title": "Cultivation of minor tuber crops in Peru and Bolivia ", "date": "1988", "keywords": "ahu; crops; fields; oca; peru; potato; tuber; ulluco", "summary": "In ulluco fields, like in any other field, the peasants work with hoes (e.g. chaquitaclla) and ploughs drawn by men or animals as was done hundreds of years ago. So, the characteristics of ulluco fields are valid for po- tato and cereal fields, too.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72280", "words": "3653", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "H\u00e4lv\u00e4, S.; Huopalahti, R.; Franz, CH.", "title": "Herb yield and essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) at different locations", "date": "1988", "keywords": "aroma; compounds; content; dill; herb; huopalahti; locations; oil", "summary": "These components are, however, of minor im- portance in dill herb oil. Index words: anethofuran, essential oil, dill herb, growing site, 3,6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran Introduction Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is one of the most important herb plants in the Nordic countries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72281", "words": "2838", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Ahonen, Seija; Lamminsivu, Helena", "title": "Growing techniques of potato from true seed in Finland ", "date": "1988", "keywords": "explorer; method; mulch; potato; production; seed; tubers; yield", "summary": "Discussion The use of floating mulch did not increase tuber yield of true seed potato. Techniques for successful field seed- ing of true potato seed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72282", "words": "4926", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Nevala, Markku; Ojaniemi, Yrj\u00f6", "title": "Tuloerot ja taloudellisen tuloksen vaihtelu kirjanpitotiloilla poikkileikkaus- ja aikasarja-analyysin valossa vuosina 1976\u201483 ", "date": "1988", "keywords": "1976\u201483; ajanjakson; alimmassa; coefficient; distribution; eri; ett\u00e4; family; farms; income; kaikkina; keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen; koko; kuin; maatalouden; maatalousylij\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4n; my\u00f6s; nelj\u00e4nneksen; nelj\u00e4nneksess\u00e4; oli; ovat; profitability; sek\u00e4; suomen; tilat; tiloista; tiloja; tilojen; t\u00e4m\u00e4; varsin; vastaavasti; vuonna; vuosien; vuosina", "summary": "N\u00e4it\u00e4 t\u00e4rke\u00e4m- pi on kuitenkin fraktiilitarkastelu, jolla voi- daan paremmin tutkia jakaumaa ja eri tyyp- pisten tilojen sijoittumista jakaumassa. Painopiste on jakau- mien muodon ja sis\u00e4ll\u00f6n analysoinnissa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72283", "words": "4599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Sorvari, Seppo", "title": "Single seed analysis of fatty acids and glucosinolates combined with meristem rescue in Brassica campestris L. ", "date": "1988", "keywords": "0,4; acid; analysis; concentration; fatty; glucose; glucosinolate; hours; method; outer; pmol; seed", "summary": "Single seed analysis offatty acids by gas chromatography Fatty acid analyses were performed with modifications of the method described by Thies (1968). Preparation of single seed samples for glucosinolate analysis was carried out with modified methods of Appelqvist & Josefsson (1967), Lein & Sch\u00f6n (1969), Jurges & Thies (1980), Heaney & Fenwick (1981) and Daun & McGregor (1981).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72284", "words": "7465", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Evers, Aino-Maija", "title": "Effects of different fertilization practices on the growth, yield and dry matter content of carrot ", "date": "1988", "keywords": "broadcast; carrot; content; fertilization; matter; npk; placement; root; shoot; soil; treatments; yield", "summary": "Dragland (1978) has reported that an early drought period from the two true leaf stage onwards resulted in higher carrot root yield. Fertilization In placement fertilization treatments (Ta- ble 1) the granular NPK fertilizer (10-4-17 with microelements) was placed 8 cm deep in the soil, and the fertilizer rows were marked.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72285", "words": "11891", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Vestberg, M.", "title": "Damping-off of sugar beet with special reference to the fungus Pythium Pringsheim", "date": "1988", "keywords": "beet seedlings; betae; borne; conditions; control; debaryanum; disease; effect; emergence; experiments; field; finland; fungi; fusarium; hymexazol; inoculum; phoma; phytopath; plant; pythium; seedlings; soil; species; study; sugar beet; table; temperature", "summary": "Applications The method yielded 4 types of soil borne Pythium species from sugar beet soils includ- ing the pathogenic type (IV, Fig. 1). In this study, however, the species of Pythium found very commonly in Finnish sugar beet soils is named P. debaryanum after Waterhouse (1967).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72286", "words": "612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Kivi, E. I.", "title": "75 years of agricultural plant breeding ", "date": "1988", "keywords": "breeding; plant; varieties", "summary": "Each writer works on the northern frontier of his crop species, and is seeking solutions for breeding plants with high adaptibility to the extremityof the growing environment. Domestic plant breeding has played a deci- sive role in agricultural development.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72287", "words": "5091", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Ruuth, Per", "title": "Resistance of cruciferous crops to turnip root fly", "date": "1988", "keywords": "cabbage; cultivars; field; fly; plants; rape; resistance; root; root fly; turnip; turnip root", "summary": "Cultivar Haparanda Ume\u00e4 Surviving Pupae Surviving Pupae plants % per plant plants % per plant Brassica oleracea Cauliflower with low root damage index (Diana line) 17 18 60 10 Cauliflower with high root damage index (Igloo line) 13 22 50 20 Kale cv. From pupae collect- ed in field plots one year the ratio of turnip to cabbage root fly was 7 : 1 at Haparanda and 9 : 1 at Ume\u00e4 (Alborn et al. 1985).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72288", "words": "4268", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Juuti, Tapio", "title": "Targets in the breeding of spring wheat", "date": "1988", "keywords": "breeding; conditions; content; cultivars; finland; protein; quality; spring; spring wheat; varieties; wheat", "summary": "It has not been possible to increase the earliness of spring wheat varieties from that of the local varieties cultivated before breeded varieties. It was not until in the 1930 s that purposeful research into spring wheat quality and breed- ing to improve it started at Finnish plant breeding institutes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72289", "words": "6307", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Aikasalo, Reino", "title": "The results of six-row barley breeding and the genetic origin of varieties released", "date": "1988", "keywords": "barley; breeding; earliness; finland; hankkijan; kivi; landraces; olli; otra; pirkka; plant; row; straw; tammi; type; varieties; variety", "summary": "Six- row varieties dominate today, the share of two-row varieties being approx. Secondly, the to- tal number of barley varieties grown in Fin- land has increased during the last 10 years, resulting in a smaller acreage per variety.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72290", "words": "5916", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Rekunen, Matti", "title": "Advances in the breeding of oats Comparative trials with historical varieties in 1977\u201487", "date": "1988", "keywords": "breeding; cent; content; cross; grains; oat; siemenjulkaisu; time; trial; varieties; variety; weight; yield", "summary": "From 1977 to 1987, variety trials were conducted at two test sites in order to determine the agronomic value of old oat varieties as compared to that of the varieties presently grown. The development of the yielding capacity of oat varieties during six decades is revealed clearly.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72291", "words": "4929", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Rognli, Odd Arne", "title": "Species aspects of breeding herbage varieties for northern marginal regions", "date": "1988", "keywords": "breeding; cultivars; growth; herbage; northern; plant; poa; pratensis; production; regions; seed; species; timothy", "summary": "60: 181\u2014189, 1988 Species aspects of breeding herbage varieties for northern marginal regions ODD ARNE ROGNLI Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural University of Norway, N-1432 \u00c4s-NLH, Norway Abstract. Northern marginal regions are very heterogeneous as regards environmental con- ditions for plant growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72292", "words": "3276", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Helgad\u00f3ttir , \u00c1slaug", "title": "Testing grass species and varieties for land reclamation in Iceland", "date": "1988", "keywords": "areas; fig; grass; grazing; iceland; reclamation; soil; trials; varieties", "summary": "Grass variety trials for reclamation The search for suitable species and varie- ties for reclamation purposes began over 40 years ago (Sigurjonsson 1958). Grass variety trials for reclamation and ero- sion control.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72293", "words": "6786", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Adaptation of red clover to the long day environment", "date": "1988", "keywords": "acid; bjursele; clover; cut; daylength; development; flowering; harvest; plant; red; red clover; strains; table; varieties", "summary": "The aim of this study was to survey, for the purposes of breeding, certain adaptation characters of five red clover varieties and five local red clover strains grown in Finland. Leaf area cmVplant and individual leaflet of red clover varieties (V) grown 60 days at 12, 16 and 20 h daylengths (D).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72294", "words": "3511", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Kobylyanskij, V. D.", "title": "Initial material for solving the main problems encountered in breeding winter rye in the northwestern zone of the USSR", "date": "1988", "keywords": "breeding; content; grain; protein; resistance; rust; rye; straw; varieties; winter", "summary": "In recent years, based on short-strawed ana- logues of rye varieties and forms, reliable sources of resistance to grain germination in the ear were created. Short-strawed analogues of winter rye varieties best for grain quality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72295", "words": "6985", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hiirsalmi, Heimo", "title": "Small fruit breeding in Finland", "date": "1988", "keywords": "arctic; berries; blueberry; bramble; breeding; crossing; cultivation; department; finland; horticulture; raspberry; species; varieties; variety", "summary": "Variety trials with the highbush blue- berry in Finland. Variety trials with blackcurrant conducted in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72296", "words": "7384", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Uosukainen, M.; Tigerstedt, P. M. A.", "title": "Breeding of frosthardy rhododendrons", "date": "1988", "keywords": "arboretum; brachycarpum; breeding; crosses; finland; hardiness; helsinki; hybrids; mustila; number; plants; program; rhododendron; selection; species; subsp; total; trials; years", "summary": "Mui- ta keskeisi\u00e4 lajeja ohjelmassa olivat R. calawbiense, R. mellernichii, R. smirnowii ja R. yakushimanum. In fact, R. brachycarpum has been the only introduced rhododendron species able to reproduce generatively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72297", "words": "2199", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Dedio, Walter", "title": "Breeding sunflower cultivars for the northern latitudes", "date": "1988", "keywords": "hybrids; krasnodarets; lines; maturity; restorer; sunflower", "summary": "Index words: sunflower, early hybrids, male-sterile forms, restorer lines, dwarf hybrid Introduction The sunflower crop (Helianthus ammus L.) is rather late maturing, usually requiring over 120 days to reach physiological maturity. Private breeders have also been involved in breeding of early maturity sunflower hybrids.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72298", "words": "3480", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Hovinen, Simo", "title": "Breeding of field bean (Vicia faba L.) with early maturity", "date": "1988", "keywords": "bean; breeding; field; growing; lines; mikko; protein; seed; ukko; varieties; variety", "summary": "The production of field bean seeds was considered a means of substituting for imported protein feed sources. High seed yield is the prerequisite for high protein yield, the amount of which is the measure of protein productivity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72299", "words": "62433", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Tammisola, Jussi", "title": "Incompatibility classes and fruit set in natural populations of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) in Finland", "date": "1988", "keywords": "addition; app; arctic; arcticus; association; average; basis; bees; berries; bramble; cases; choice; classification; clones; correlation; crosses; crossing; density; differences; distance; distribution; equivalence classes; expression; false; field; fig; finland; flowers; fruit; fruit number; fruiting; function; hypothesis; incompatibility; incompatibility classes; information; log; maximum; method; new; number; number class; ones; order; partner; plant; pollen; population; probability; procedure; proportion; ramets; regard; results; risk; rubus; sample; seed; seed number; self; set; shoots; similarity; small; species; study; system; tab; time; type; value; variables", "summary": "In relevant data (where uniclassic populations have been removed), the areal extent of an equivalence class (EEq) showed neither differences between fruit number classes nor a correlation with fruit number class but at a high risk probability. For in- stance, if the i lh element of the vector 6is five, ie. s(i) = 5, this means that equivalence class number five will be identified on the ilh crossing cycle.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72300", "words": "2876", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Maijala, K.", "title": "History, recent development and uses of Finnsheep", "date": "1988", "keywords": "ewes; finland; finnish; flocks; meat; sheep; wool", "summary": "Since the sheep flocks were small and serving mainly home needs of wool, mar- kets of sheep meat were not developed at the time there were more animals. The decrease in numbers in the 1950\u201460\u2019s did not stimu- late slaughter houses and meat processors to develop products and markets for the ur- banized human population, which thus be- came alienated from sheep meat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72301", "words": "2136", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "\u00c5dn\u00f8y, T.", "title": "Selection for prolificacy in Finnsheep and in Norwegian sheep", "date": "1988", "keywords": "group; year", "summary": "Number of lambs per lambing Through the five-year period (1982 \u201486) 4263 lambings were recorded. Data for LS at birth were analysed using a general least square procedure including these explanatory variables: breed group; age of ewe in years as a deviation from 3 years to the power of 1, 2 and 3 (regression); an effect of station and year; and an effect of breed group and year (to describe changes through years of the same breed group). The weights were analysed with a model ac- counting for sex, breed group, age of lamb, age of dam, age of dam squared (regr.), sta- tion, year (regr.), age of lamb x breed group, year x breed group, year x station.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72302", "words": "3390", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Puntila, M. -L.", "title": "Many-sided performance testing of Finnsheep rams", "date": "1988", "keywords": "adg; age; feed; performance; rams; test; weight", "summary": "At the end of test rams were ultrasonically meas- ured behind the last rib. Analysis of variance for the effects of non-genetic factors on the most important traits in performance test.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72303", "words": "1847", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Mansour, H.; Aboul-Naga, A. M.", "title": "Prediction of the performance of synthetic sheep strains utilizing Finnsheep and native sheep breeds in Egypt", "date": "1988", "keywords": "age; individual; number; performance", "summary": "A note on the effect of interbreedingamong backcrosses of sheep breeds. Reproduction performance traits studied were number of ewes conceived (ECJ), number of lambs born (LBJ), number of lambs at four months of age (L4J), kilograms born (KBJ) and kilograms at four months of age (K4J), all being per ewe joined, and number of lambs born (LBL), number of lambs at four months of age (L4L), kilograms born (KBL) and kilo- grams at four months of age (K4L), all being per ewe lambed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72304", "words": "1974", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Niznikowski, R.; Tyszka, Z. J.; Janikowski, W.", "title": "Meat, wool and milk utilization together with comparison of F1 coming from Finnsheep rams with F1 coming from other prolific breeds", "date": "1988", "keywords": "group; lambs", "summary": "The CxF group was charac- terized by the highest concentration of milk ingredients in comparison to other groups; \u2022 decrease of wool quantity and increase of fibre thickness in crosses among which ex- treme values of those parameters were ob- served in C X W group; \u2022 increase in the fattening period and decrease in the content of valuable cuts in the car- case in the C x W group; The best fleshed and the lowest fatness of loin was observed in C X EF group. Among all experimental groups C X F group was characterized by the best reproductive parameters, high level of milk production and a small decrease of quality and quantity of produced wool, and also a good quality of produced carcases.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72305", "words": "846", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Jankowski, S.; Niznikowski, R.; Tyszka, Z. ", "title": "Preliminary results from breeding experiments with Finnsheep in Poland", "date": "1988", "keywords": "line; polish", "summary": "Line 66 excelled line 88 in lamb survival, while line 77 was a little inferior to it. Line 66 was inferior to line 77 also in lit- ter size, but it excelled line 88. 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72306", "words": "2064", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Osikowski, M.; Borys, B.; Osikowski, M. A.", "title": "Performance of crossbreds of Polish Merino dams with F1 rams: Finnsheep X Polish Merino. A. Semi-intensive fattening of ram-lambs up to 40\u201445 kg ", "date": "1988", "keywords": "experiment; fattening; fxpmxpm; lambs", "summary": "Index words: Finnsheep, Polish Merino, crossbreeding, fattening, semi-intensive, carcass quality, prolificacy, slaughter value Introduction Studies on two-stage commercial cross- breeding of Polish Merino (PM) using Finn- sheep (F) rams showed (6), in the first stage, that F, ewes had a much higher prolificacy (by about 50 %), but their wool production was lower than that of purebred PM (by 5.5 % clean yield), and F, ram lambs had a lower fattening ability and poorer slaughter value than purebred ram lambs. The positive effect of crossbreeding with F on prolificacy and negative on F, ram lambs slaughter value was also found by other authors (1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72307", "words": "1254", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Osikowski, M.; Borys, B.; Osikowski, M. A.", "title": "Performance of crossbreds of Polish Merino dams with F1 rams: Finnsheep x Polish Merino. B. Wool production of ewes", "date": "1988", "keywords": "ewes; wool", "summary": "Greasy and clean wool production, length and diameter of fibres as well as wool character evaluated by subjective appraisal were recorded. There was no difference between ewes born in differ- ent years in wool character, except for even- ness of assortment which was 8.0 % higher in ewes born in 1984.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72308", "words": "1551", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Osikowski, M.; Borys, B.; Osikowski, M. A.", "title": "Performance of crossbreds of Polish Merino dams with F1 rams: Finnsheep x Polish Merino. C. Preliminary results of reproductive performance of ewes", "date": "1988", "keywords": "cycles; ewes", "summary": "Starting with cycle II both groups of ewes entered the system of 3 matings in 2 years (i.e. every Bth months). Lambs were weaned in cycle I at 100 days, and in cycles II and 111 at 56 days.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72310", "words": "1093", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Reklewska, B.; Tyszka, Z. J.; Niznikowski, R.", "title": "Plasma progesterone concentration during oestrus cycle and pregnancy in Finnsheep and other prolific sheep breeds", "date": "1988", "keywords": "cycle; pregnancy", "summary": "PP concentrations were determined in Finnsheep (n = 16), Polish Heath (n = 13), Friesian (n = 10), Zelazna (n = 12) and Karakul (n = 14). However, it is still not clear whether there is a possibility to predict the litter size (LS) on the basis of PP concentration either dur- ing oestrus cycle or during pregnancy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72311", "words": "352", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Wojcikowska-Soroczynska, M.; Sztych, D.; Swiderek, A.", "title": "Studies on the structure of hair-forming groups in Finnsheep", "date": "1988", "keywords": "groups", "summary": "The value of the nS/nP ratio in particular groups was as follows: the highest ratio was for the triple group (6.0), in the double group it amounted to 5.8, in quadruple group to 5.6 and in the hexal group to 5.3. The share of quadruple groups was 11.4 %, of double groups 8.6 % and of hexal groups 5.1 %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72312", "words": "10335", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Baker, R. L.", "title": "Finnsheep and their utilization experiences in temperate conditions", "date": "1988", "keywords": "anim; average; breeds; carcass; crosses; economic; ewes; lambs; n.z; performance; production; sheep; study; suffolk; table; wool", "summary": "Some exceptions have been reported includ- ing slightly lower age at first oestrus in Dor- set crosses than F-crosses (10) and a 3-week earlier age at conception in ewe lambs in Romanov crosses than F crosses (64). Two recent reports evaluated growth and carcass attributes of F crosses in intensive feeding systems in Canada.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72313", "words": "4463", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Ricordeau, G.; Tchamitchian, L.; Poivey, J. P.", "title": "Performance, development and use of Romanov in France", "date": "1988", "keywords": "des; ewes; lambs; ricordeau; romanov", "summary": "Variation in the plasma levels of gonadotrophin and testosteroneand in Leydig and Sertoli cell populationsbetween birth and adulthood in Romanov lambs born in spring or autumn. R lambs seem to be susceptible to caseous lymphadenitis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72314", "words": "4702", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Lahlou-Kassi, A.; Benlamlih, S.; Boukliq, R.", "title": "Reproduction and adaptation characteristics in D\u2019man sheep", "date": "1988", "keywords": "breeds; d\u2019man; ewes; growth; rate; sardi; sheep; table", "summary": "These results suggest that D breed is less sen- sitive to photoperiod. On the other hand, estrogen negative feed- back is more marked in T than in D ewes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72315", "words": "5056", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Zervas, N. P.; Hatjiminaoglou, J.; Georgoudis, A.", "title": "Characteristics and experiences of Chios breed", "date": "1988", "keywords": "chios; cyprus; ewes; island; lambs; milk; production; sheep; station; weight", "summary": "Genetic parameters of milk yield The repeatability of milk production based on earlier Island data was found to be 0.40. Initial calcu- lations of heritability of milk production from the Island have given the values of 0.74 +0.34, 0.31 \u00b10.15 and 0.40\u00b10.12, respectively for the first, second and third and more lactations (38).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72316", "words": "2441", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Owen, J. B.; Dewi, I. AP", "title": "The Cambridge sheep \u2014 its exploitation for increased efficiency of lamb production", "date": "1988", "keywords": "crossbred; ewes; gene; lambs", "summary": "Variation and repeatabilityof ovulation rate of Cambridge ewes. The paper describes the performance of pure C stock, evidence for the genetic basis of the prolificacy achieved and the transmis- sion of prolificacy to maximise lamb produc- tion efficiency in crossbred ewes kept under commercial conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72317", "words": "2636", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Veress, L.; Horek, F.; Komlosi, T.", "title": "Breeding possibilities of Booroola Merino in East-Europe", "date": "1988", "keywords": "booroola; ewes; fleece; lambing; merino; rams", "summary": "Pigment spots on the face and on the end of the legs were found more frequent in the case of the Hungarian daughters of BM rams than in that of Hungarian M. Fig. The lambs of imported BM rams weigh 4\u20147 % less, at the age of 30 days they lag be- hind by 5\u20147 % and when they were 100 days old they weighed 6\u201424 % less than the HM (15).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72318", "words": "774", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Radomska, M. J.; Martyniuk, E.; Klewiec, J.", "title": "Inheritance of high prolificacy of the Olkuska sheep (preliminary results)", "date": "1988", "keywords": "ewes; litter; size", "summary": "Index words: Olkuska, Polish Merino, ovulation rate, litter size, inheritance Introduction The LS of dams, fullsisters and pure O daughters was based on data from at least 3 first lambings at the age of I\u201431 \u20143 years.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72319", "words": "1439", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Bourfia, M.; Touchberry, R. W.", "title": "Litter live weight at birth with varying levels of D\u2019Man germplasm", "date": "1988", "keywords": "additive; breed; dam; effects", "summary": "The ranking of maternal additive breed effects for LLWB was D\u2019Man, Sardi, and Beni Guil in descending order. Be- cause of dependencies among breed additive effects, maternal additive breed effects for G and S were computed as deviations from D. Both models included environmental effects as age of dam with two levels, i.e. 2 and 3 year old dams.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72320", "words": "317", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Bradford, G. E.; Berger, Y. M.", "title": "Variation in ovulation rate and litter size", "date": "1988", "keywords": "variation", "summary": "Among breeds where high prolificacy appears tobe inherited quantita- tively, there are differences in variability, with Romanov quite uniform, Finnsheep intermedi- ate, and D\u2019Man more variable. Index words: ovulation rate, litter size, variation, Romanov, Booroola Merino, Finnsheep, D\u2019Man, major gene 602 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=YsTLWtoreVOgb4Jy.FXGWC0um0cR0X0jJht24Og.lTIvEkkdoxwijfHxK0uJ_V8bSxf0kCtVjS82bVtagZ1laMIUSwVViy7ie4ArGKRV-8Y-evB7ECfHeCVPAkdZqc2VRC_a3yN3Fmg1SCwTcbuTTg10QKYYtYJOekc2KJT15m98IFRY3bZq8oFVNjlWoqUiGsvQ5OE10LG8dblV3nxv8LZjIMnQiSDQJhkX", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72321", "words": "2188", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Boylan, W. J.; Sakul, H.", "title": "Milk production in Finnsheep and Romanov breeds", "date": "1988", "keywords": "breeds; ewes; milk; production", "summary": "The Finn, Romanov and several U.S. sheep breeds were machine milked to ob- tain information on several measures of milk production and milk composition. The level of milk production for a 130 day lactation period for the breeds evalu- ated was generally low compared to traditional European dairy breeds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72322", "words": "6373", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Maijala, K.; Kyle, B.", "title": "Possibilities of developing sheep which suckle from several teats", "date": "1988", "keywords": "data; ewes; lambs; length; milk; number; sheep; supernumerary; table; teats", "summary": "20 mm (range I\u2014so1 \u201450mm); the length and separation of teat pairs were correlated, although this was not the case in several flocks studied in Ireland, Index words: supernumerary leats, teat length, teat distance, suckling behaviour, teat damage, functional teats, herita- bility 1. FE = Old data from 1940, using teat length and distance measurements of the 80 ewes in Vainikainen\u2019s (16) report.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72323", "words": "4170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Aboul-Naga, A. M.", "title": "Finnsheep and their crosses under subtropical conditions", "date": "1988", "keywords": "breeds; conditions; crosses; emoa; ewes; performance; sheep; trials", "summary": "Sc, Egypt (ENAS) Suf. or Ile-de-France Ministry of Agric. & 1972 6M,22 F Pure F and xwith 2 local breed Agroti (1976) Nat. Ministry of Agricul- 1979 15 M, 175 F Pure F and xwith Hamadani F. Dessouki ture, Iraq (IMOA) native sheep (P. Comm.)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72324", "words": "966", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Davies, D. A. R.", "title": "Breeding sheep with 4 teats in a flock in Devon, England", "date": "1988", "keywords": "ewes; teats", "summary": "Index words: functional extra teats, teat length, teat distance, teat number, milk production Introduction The presence of extra teats may result in higher yields, but in Britain the main interest is in having ewes with four functional teats so that triplet lambs can suck on the ewe simul- taneously and thereby reduce theproblems of uneven growth and teat damage. The signifi- cant differencesbetween A and B lamb groups (X 2 for 4 and 2 teat ewe matings =6.4 and 33.1 respectively) suggest teat number was un- der the control of two or more genes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72325", "words": "1348", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Charon, K. M.", "title": "Changes in the content of milk components during lactation and their influence on lamb rearing of Finnsheep", "date": "1988", "keywords": "content; milk", "summary": "The analysis of milk component content determined by Milkoscan apparatus was carried out on 59 ewes of Finnsheep (a total of 880 records for each component). Milk component contents in 10-day periods of lactation while the variability of F content within lac- tation in Finnsheep depended on the number of lactation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72326", "words": "1181", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Tyszka, Z. J.; Kramarz, M.", "title": "Somatic cell count in milk of Finnsheep ewes and relation with production results", "date": "1988", "keywords": "lambs; milk; scc", "summary": "Correlation coefficients between LSCC and traits tested were; F % 0.07, P % \u20140.02, L % 0.53, wool yield 0.09, number of weaned lambs 0.01, weight of weaned lambs 0.00. For all observations LSCC was 2.16 and milk composition as follows: F % 5.38, P % 5.42 and L % 4.74.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72327", "words": "287", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Editor, Editor", "title": "Summary of the discussion on July 2nd at Jokioinen", "date": "1988", "keywords": "finnsheep", "summary": "* Relationships of major fertility genes found in different breeds (Booroola, Javanese, Cambridge, Icelandic, others?). * Utilization of Finnsheep genes in practical sheep production (systematic crossbreed- ing or use in synthetics).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72328", "words": "4267", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Fahmy, M. H.", "title": "The accumulative effect of Finnsheep breeding in crossbreeding schemes", "date": "1988", "keywords": "crosses; dls; ewes; lambs; weight", "summary": "Preweaning mortality rate was highest in F ewes. At weaning, the heaviest litters were those raised by 4/8 F ewes (31.7 kg) followed by 7/8 F (30.8 kg), while the lightest were from those raised by DLS and 483 2/8 F. Preweaning ADG ranged from 182 g for lambs from F ewes to 217 g for those raised by 4/8 and 1/8F ewes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72329", "words": "4552", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Young, L. D.; Dickerson, G. E.", "title": "Performance of Booroola Merino and Finnsheep crossbred lambs and ewes", "date": "1988", "keywords": "breed; dam; ewes; rams; sire", "summary": "F ewes were mated to B and F rams. Linear combinations of the least-squares means were made to estimate the average performance of F ewes (mated to B and F rams) and B-F ewes (mated to B, F and B-F rams).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72330", "words": "2073", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Greeff, J. C.; Hofmeyr, J. H.", "title": "Finnsheep and their utilization in crosses with the Merino under range conditions of South-Africa", "date": "1988", "keywords": "ewes; merino", "summary": "Fecundity was 118 % for F x M and 102 % for M. Survival rate of lambs: No significant differences of survival rate occurred between groups in the case of single born lambs, but the survival rate from birth to weaning was significantly (P < 0,05) better for lambs born as multiples to F X M ewes (Table 1). Multiple lambs of F x M ewes had better survival rates than those of M ewes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72331", "words": "2605", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Jakubec, V.; K\u0159i\u017eek, J.", "title": "Breeding and exploitation of prolific breeds in Czechoslovakia", "date": "1988", "keywords": "breeds; characters; production; sire; wool", "summary": "For wool production characters in purebreeding F is better than R. For wool production characters in crossbreds both sire breeds are virtually equal. The purebred prolific breeds were kept together with the individuals of M. With the exception of milk production characters, heterosis effects are estimated for all charac- ters in crossbreds on the basis of M and pro- lific breeds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72332", "words": "1786", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Bittante, G.; Pastore, E.", "title": "Effect of Finnsheep crossbreeding on Lamon sheep performance: in vivo traits", "date": "1988", "keywords": "lambs", "summary": "Results and discussion At birth F X L lambs showed a high live weight, not significantly lower than that of purebred L lambs (table 2). F x L lambs grew slightly more than L lambs (197 vs 176 g/d; P < .1) during the suckling period but not during the fatteningperiod (207 vs 203 g/d; n.s.), reaching a slightly higher slaughter weight (36.9 vs 35.5 kg; n.s.).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72333", "words": "1093", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Bonsembiante, M.; Andrighetto, I.; Cozzi, G.", "title": "Effect of Finnsheep crossbreeding on Lamon sheep performance: post-mortem traits", "date": "1988", "keywords": "carcass; crossbreeding; lambs", "summary": "Hind quarter % 45.3 43.8\u00bb 1.01 Total lean meat % 63.6 65.1 2.84 Total separable fat % 12.9 12.1 4.87 Bone and tendons % 23.5 22.8 6.00 a, b: P < .05 Table 3. Meat samples from the FxL carcasses showed higher redness and saturation values than meat samples from L lambs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72334", "words": "12456", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Ilola, Ari; Elomaa, Esko; Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Testing of a Danish growth model for barley, turnip rape and timothy in Finnish conditions", "date": "1988", "keywords": "area; barley; crop; depth; gai; growth; matter; model; plant; production; radiation; rape; root; soil; table; temperature; timothy; turnip; water", "summary": "Potential crop production is ment, but the actual crop production is entire- ly dependent on water, in the soil, available to the plant and on root depth growth. In 1986 and 1987, root depth growth was measured from emergence to the time when a root depth of 60 cm was attained.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72335", "words": "3960", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kiljunen-Siirola, R. ; Pajunen, A.", "title": "Production of container-grown nursery plants on capillary sand beds", "date": "1988", "keywords": "base; dressing; effect; fertilizer; growth; irrigation; nursery; nutricote(7o; peat; plants; release; root", "summary": "In particular, the spread of gardening centers has increased both the de- mand for and sales of potted nursery plants, because potted plants are more easily stored and handled than pre-packed and bare root plants. Index words: Container-grown nursery plants, capillary irrigation, irrigation control device, slow-release fertilizer, Nutricote(7o), growth media, prevention of rooting through, Gloquat C. 661 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=iffCibXgQ5IbtUcI.JZJlmdLmFcFgS5Cb1sZkLA.qdZ5WHgx6SRVeh9dlCNsDei7e9nZkA4KPYLj-IsdFmGuOZiimPB8fGerUMrTB3Wf5IlJFZXOheTsW8Zsd9N6-ZX8Z0535cPeHtQ09cs2eCHoJzijk5SavdtnBxShOBsE5xRMCYGJn0H9BIUtApVis4e5QhCnbPCQepbXpgb2J0dBU5LD7hFbkOhOKUyi-w Introduction", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72336", "words": "5686", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Inborr, J.; Suomi, K.", "title": "Industrial amino acids in diets for piglets and growing pigs", "date": "1988", "keywords": "acids; amino; content; diets; feed; lysine; performance; piglets; pigs; protein; treatment; trial", "summary": "Equal performance of growing pigs has also been reported by Easter and Baker (1983), Russell et al. (1983) and Hanrahan (1987) when low protein diets were fortified with syn- thetic amino acids to achieve levels equivalent to those in the corresponding high protein control diets. The response of early weaned pigs to suboptimal protein diets supplementedwith synthetic lysine.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72337", "words": "8035", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Inborr, J.; N\u00e4si, M.; Suomi, K.", "title": "The effect of enzyme treatment of cooked barley and supplementation of piglet diets on the digestibility of barley and piglet performance", "date": "1988", "keywords": "barley; content; diets; digestibility; enzyme; feed; performance; piglets; pigs; protein; table; treatment; trial; values", "summary": "The effect of enzyme treatment of cooked barley and supplementation of piglet diets on the digestibility of barley and piglet performance J. INBORR M. N\u00c4SI 2 and K. SUOMI\u2019 1 Finnish Sugar Co. Ltd., Finnfeeds Ltd., Forum House, Brighton Road, Redhill, Surrey RHI 6YS, England University of Helsinki, Department of Animal Husbandry, Viikki, 07100 Helsinki, Finland 3 Agricultural Research Centre, Swine Research Station, SF-05840 Hyvink\u00e4\u00e4, Finland Abstract. In performance trials, enzyme supplementa- tion of barley based diets have improved the feeding value of the diets for pigs (Collier and Hardy, 1986; Newman, 1983).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72338", "words": "4066", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Evaluating barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch production in diets of ruminants", "date": "1988", "keywords": "barley; ethanol; feed; fibre; fractions; hulls; molasses; process; production; protein; starch", "summary": "Evaluating barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch production in diets of ruminants MATTI N\u00c4SI University of Helsinki, Department of Animal Husbandry, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Index words: barley, starch-ethanol production, barley feed fractions, digestibility, ruminant Introduction Conventional distillers\u2019 feeds are products resulting from the yeast fermentationof whole cereal grains.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72339", "words": "5765", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka; Ala-Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Hannele; N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Response of silage intake and milk production to replacement of barley by barley fibre derived from integrated starch-ethanol process", "date": "1988", "keywords": "barley; barley fibre; cows; effect; energy; fibre; intake; milk; silage", "summary": "As the proportion of barley fibre in the diet increased there was a linear (P<0.001) in- crease in silage DM intake. Results Feed intake Replacement of barley with gradually in- creasing levels of barley fibre led to a linear increase (P< 0.001) in silage DM intake (Ta- ble 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72340", "words": "5503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Ala-Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Hannele; Huhtanen, Pekka; N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Silage intake and milk production in cows given barley or barley fibre with or without dried distillers solubles", "date": "1988", "keywords": "barley; cows; dds; diets; effect; fibre; intake; milk; protein; silage; yield", "summary": "Prediction of energy value of cows milk. F diets were also associated with a lower (P <0.05) protein concentration in milk, but because of the higher yield, milk protein yield was 8.3 % (P<0.001) higher than in B diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72341", "words": "581", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Tapio, Eeva", "title": "The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland 80 Years the 2nd December, 1989", "date": "1989", "keywords": "finland; society", "summary": "Earlier the Society participated in arrange- ments of the annual Agricultural Weeks start- ed in the twenties. The events in the course of history have vio- lently shaken both our country and its people in 1917, when Finland became an independent republic and in the following 80 years as well, and this has been reflected in the activities of our Society.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72342", "words": "6415", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Mukula, Jaakko", "title": "Plant Production Research in Finland in the 1970s and 1980s", "date": "1989", "keywords": "area; breeding; crops; department; finland; plant; production; research; soil; varieties; winter; yield", "summary": "Plant production research is carried out in Finland by several institutes and regional ex- perimental stations, most of them belonging to the two governmental organizations, the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland (ARC) and the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of Helsinki University (HU). The objectives of plant production research in Finland have been to secure domestic sup- ply of food and fodder, taking into considera- tion both the nutritionaland technical quality of products.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72343", "words": "2930", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Poutiainen, Esko; N\u00e4si, Matti; M\u00e4ki-Tanila, Asko", "title": "Finnish animal production research during the past 20 years", "date": "1989", "keywords": "animal; breeding; dairy; feeding; production; protein; research; silage", "summary": "In Finland, animal breeding research and development work is done in close co- operation between research and extension or- ganisations, industry also provides some pro- ject funding. Of a total productive area of 2.2 million hectares, around 1.0 million hectares are used for feed grain production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72344", "words": "2526", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Oksanen, Erkki H.", "title": "Technology to boost agricultural efficiency", "date": "1989", "keywords": "crop; finnish; machinery; method; research; technology; work", "summary": "The research objectives may have included achieving a reduction in human labour utilization and ex- penditure, improving the quality and accura- cy of agricultural work and making it less strenuous, promoting work safety and the at- tractiveness of the work, energy conservation and environmental protection. Soil compaction is a serious prob- lem, especially in the spring when liquid ma- nure should, according to research findings, be distributed in the fields by a trailer.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72345", "words": "4618", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Ryyn\u00e4nen, Viljo", "title": "Research on the agricultural economics in the 1970s and 1980s", "date": "1989", "keywords": "agriculture; development; economics; finland; julk; lait; production; research; tai; tutk", "summary": "Consequently, giving a systematic picture of agricultural economic research is highly de- pendent on the choice of taxonomy and terms. Pioneering work in this field was made by Sumelius (1987) in his doctoral dis- sertation, in which he concluded that the resources invested in agricultural research and extension services have yielded a fair- ly high percentage of returns, significantly higher than the percentage of returns that could be given by the resources invested in the production itself.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72346", "words": "2909", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Evaluation of water and ammonium acetate tests as indices for available P in limed soils", "date": "1989", "keywords": "acetate; extraction; liming; soil; table; uptake; water", "summary": "Results and discussion The extractability of soil P and its changes due to incubation for 4 mo with nutrient salts and various liming agents are given in Table 2. An increase in ionic strength has, however, been proved to result in an enhanced P sorpt- Table 2. pH and soil P (mg kg-1) extracted by acetate and water in unincubated and incubated samples.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72347", "words": "3404", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Evers, Aino-Maija", "title": "Effects of different fertilization practices on the carotene content of carrot", "date": "1989", "keywords": "carotene; carotene content; carrots; content; fertilization; fertirrigations; npk; placement; sowing; treatments", "summary": "In some studies, increasing amounts of potassium had no significant in- fluence on carotene content (Gallagher 1966, Habben 1973), whereas others (Sout- hards & Miller 1962) reported that high potassium and magnesium levels increased the amount of carotene in carrots. Selec- tion of carrots for carotene content.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72348", "words": "9810", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Helenius, Juha; Ronni, P\u00e4ivi", "title": "Yield, its components and pest incidence in mixed intercropping of oats (Avena sativa) and field beans (Vicia faba)", "date": "1989", "keywords": "aphids; beans; cereal; cropping; density; df=; experiment; intercropping; mean; mixture; monocrop; numbers; oats; padi; pest; seed; spraying; yield", "summary": "Mixed intercropping slightly but signifi- cantly increased the total nitrogen content of the oat (F = 6.3*, df = 2,10) and bean seeds (F = 9.6**, df = 2,10). 6. Total nitrogen content (%) in oat seeds not sprayed (open bars) or sprayed against cereal aphids (dotted bars), and in bean seeds in the monocrops and mixtures (Experiment II).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72349", "words": "2917", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kangasj\u00e4rvi, Jaakko; Oksanen, Jari", "title": "Pollinator behaviour in cultivated and wild Arctic Bramble (Rubus arcticus L.)", "date": "1989", "keywords": "arctic; bees; bramble; field; flowers; plants; pollen; pollinators", "summary": "Therefore it would be 36 reasonable to try to improve the arctic bram- ble\u2019s ability to compete by cultivating it away from other flowering field plants attractive to the pollinators and by controlling the flower- ing weeds. The study of plant pollination can be fraught with methodological problems (Richards 1986).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72350", "words": "3035", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi", "title": "The degradation of linuron in sandy soil", "date": "1989", "keywords": "degradation; flow; liming; linuron; rate; soil; walker; water", "summary": "Lime accelerates the degradation of linuron so clearly that liming could be recommended in acid soils, for instance, after spills or ac- cidental overdoses of linuron or if linuron has been used for many years in the same plot, or perhaps after unfavourable growing sea- sons (cold, short, very rainy or very dry), like summer 1987 in Northern Europe. The disappearance of linuron from soil oc- curs mainly by microbial cometabolic degra- dation (Glad et al. 1981; Walker & Zimdahl 1981; Stepp et al. 1985; Wang et al. 1985).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72351", "words": "4330", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi; Simojoki, Paavo; Raininko, Ky\u00f6sti; Nuormala, Nils; Silvo, Riitta", "title": "Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields", "date": "1989", "keywords": "beet; degradation; effects; finland; laukaa; metamitron; microorganisms; perni\u00f6; pesticide; plots; sampling; soil; sugar; yields", "summary": "According to this result overdoses of sugar beet pesticides, especially herbicides, should be avoided. Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 61: 45\u201453, 1989 Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields HELVI HEINONEN-TANSKIPAAVO SIMOJOKI 2 , KY\u00d6STI PAININKO 3 , NILS NUORMALA 3 and RIITTA SILVO 4 1 University of Kuopio, Department of Environmental Engineering, POB 6, SF-70211 Kuopio, Finland 2 Agricultural Research Centre, Central Finland Research Station, SF-41340 Laukaa, Finland 3 Sugar Beet Research Centre, SF-25170 Kotalato, Finland 4 Water Protection Association of Saimaa Region, Hietakallionkatu 2, SF-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland Abstract.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72352", "words": "2463", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Effect of cumulative fertilizer dressings on the phosphorus status of mineral soils I Changes in inorganic phosphorus fractions", "date": "1989", "keywords": "changes; fractions; kaila; soils", "summary": "P fractions in experimental soils (kg ha-1 ) and the changes in them during seven years of cul- tivation. H 2 S04 -soluble P decreased in seven soils by 16\u201434 kg ha -1 .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72353", "words": "3311", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Effect of cumulative fertilizer dressings on the phosphorus status of mineral soils II Comparison of two phosphorus testing methods", "date": "1989", "keywords": "aac; extraction; samples; soils; test; values; water", "summary": "Clay soils Coarser soils Poor 1.4 1.9 Rather poor 1.5\u20142.9 2.0\u20144.9 Fair 3.0 5.9 5.0 9.9 Satisfactory 6.0\u201411.9 10.0\u201419.9 Good 12.0\u201429.9 20.0\u201439.9 High 30.0\u201469.9 40.0\u201469.9 In fact, the paired t-statistics revealed that the estimates for soil P obtained by NH4OAc extraction and those by water extraction differed significantly in the clay soils, where- as in the coarser ones the differences remained statistically insignificant. A similar variation in the reactivi- ty of soil P with respect to these extractants can be seen in the data published by Sippola and Jaakkola (1980).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72354", "words": "2689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Niskanen, Raina", "title": "Effect of extractant pH on the release of soil phosphorus, aluminium and iron by ammonium fluoride", "date": "1989", "keywords": "aluminium; fluoride; iron; phosphate; soil", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 61: 67\u201472, 1989 Effect of extractant pH on the release of soil phosphorus, aluminium and iron by ammonium fluoride RAINA NISKANEN University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Fractionation of soil phosphorus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72355", "words": "2349", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Niskanen, Raina", "title": "Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: I Dependence of extractability on the pH of oxalate, pyrophosphate and EDTA extractants", "date": "1989", "keywords": "aluminium; extractability; iron; oxalate; soil", "summary": "The extractability of manganese in fine sand soil by EDTA decreased as the pH increased, whereas no manganese was ex- tracted from sand soil (Fig. 3). The extraction methods for soil aluminium, iron and manganese are given in Table 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72356", "words": "4008", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Niskanen, Raina", "title": "Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: II Extractability by oxalate and pyrophosphate", "date": "1989", "keywords": "iron; mmol; oxalate; soil", "summary": "29- 8\u00bb 2\u00bb 4\u00bb 2a 49' 1 51 d 38' 28 23\u00bb 2b ll 1' 12 5\u00bb 4\u00bb 4\u00bb 3a 1 04-' 92 70 52b 44 3b 63' 68d 27\u00bb 30\u00bb 26\u00bb 4a 55' 51 b ' 41\u00bb 47\u00bbb 41\u00bb 4b 81b 82 h 58\u00bb 81 b 79 h 5a 34 35 23\u00bb 23\u00bb 22\u00bb 5b 58' 61' 40\u00bb 46 h 44\u00bb b 6a 53d 54d 37' 28 21\u00bb 6b 52' 54' 34b 15\u00bb 11\u00bb 7a 79' 1 74' 1 66' 37 31\u00bb 7b 76d 68' 64' 23\u00bb 16\u00bb 8a 23' 24 19h 15\u00bb 15\u00bb 8b 21' 23' 15h 10\u00bb 10\u00bb 9a 59h 69' 54 h 46\u00bb 46\u00bb 9b 104 92 110 54\u00bb 56\u00bb 10a 67' 1 65' 1 57' 46 35\u00bb 11 a 80d 76d 64' 42b 29\u00bb 12a 186' 161 158h 92\u00bb 82\u00bb 13a 159'' 134' 115\u00bb' 108 74\u00bb 14a 78' 73d 53' 40 30\u00bb x 67 64 51 38 33 s 42 34 37 27 23 range 11 186 12\u2014161 5\u2014158 2\u2014loB 4\u201482 * 596 1 01 l h ' 3 559' 837 1 661 b 173\u00bb 137\u00bb 242b 824' 346\u00bb 513 3 164' 482\u00bb 728b 1 734' 164\u00bb 242\u00bb 303' 69\u00bb 242b 173 87\u00bb 152 433b, l 90a 274\u00bb 260' 82\u00bb 137 910 b- 301\u00bb 637\u00bbb 433' 100\u00bb 137\u00bb 1 300\u00bb 1 984 b 1 255\u00bb 3 553' 1 766 b 1 183\u00bb 2 254 b 2 276b 1 664\u00bb 2 340d 1 I83b 698\u00bb 7 055' 1 693\u00bb 1 365\u00bb 1 385 574 604 1 664 697 502 87\u20147 055 36\u20142 276 122\u20141664 Oxalate-extractable metals were not related to soil pH or organic carbon content.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72357", "words": "4717", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Niskanen, Raina", "title": "Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: III Comparison of extraction methods", "date": "1989", "keywords": "aluminium; carbon; clay; content; extractable; iron; organic; silt; soils", "summary": "Surface soils 53 26 11 1\u201459 18 14 4\u201471 66 38 12\u2014222 Subsoils 49 23 13 2\u201472 15 14 1\u201459 55 37 6 190 lation coefficients for the relation between the EDTA-extractable Fe (2), the clay content (3) and the organic carbon content (4) were; r23.4 r24.3 0.37** o.6o*** In clay and silt soils, the EDTA-extractable manganese correlated weakly with soil pH (r = 0.39*) and in coarse soils with the clay content (r = o.4s***). The purpose of this paper was to compare the release of soil aluminium, iron and manganese by different extraction methods and to study the relationship of metals to soil particle-size distribution, organic carbon content and pH. 89 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=GhQhgGjWFZkjPwdi.S3AM28Tc5B1_ZEd5CzUd0w.MOp_cHdqL19XZXhjxkxwhfemJ3IUAw6gTvaPmjMT2u3Rf1Ow0kdLXQlLtGt1cLE9JkNw-zbHdI3oveAX0NSZf4HkvYolRSgYeYSEN0U9cCfgkYIlf6LeghiGMINxopZ9H-Km3-xRXlAQB_2sKeEegqXprKrIJbFYH2D14w Material and methods The material of 102 mineral soil samples was collected in 15 localities mainly in south- ern Finland (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72358", "words": "5580", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Evers, Aino-Maija", "title": "Effects of different fertilization practices on the N03-N, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, ash and dietary fibre contents of carrot", "date": "1989", "keywords": "application; carrot; content; fertilization; fertirrigations; fibre; npk; placement; roots; shoots; table", "summary": "Study of dietary fibre content and fibre com- ponents of carrots. They also found a relatively high N recovery percentage by the fertirrigated crop, especially at a lower level of N fertilization.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72359", "words": "4231", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Evers, Aino-Maija", "title": "Effects of different fertilization practices on the glucose, fructose, sucrose, taste and texture of carrot", "date": "1989", "keywords": "carrots; content; fertilization; fertirrigations; fructose; glucose; placement; sucrose; sugar; taste; total; treatments", "summary": "Correlations between parameters The glucose and fructose contents, and the sucrose and total sugar contents, correlated positively in both years (Table 3). Thus the glucose, fructose and total sugar contents seemed to be higher in the unfavourable year of 1985 and in un- fertilized treatments as compared to the more favourable year of 1986 and to fertilized treat- ments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72360", "words": "4231", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Evers, Aino-Maija", "title": "Effects of different fertilization practices on the quality of stored carrot", "date": "1989", "keywords": "carrots; content; fertilization; fertirrigations; fructose; glucose; placement; sucrose; sugar; taste; total; treatments", "summary": "Correlations between parameters The glucose and fructose contents, and the sucrose and total sugar contents, correlated positively in both years (Table 3). Thus the glucose, fructose and total sugar contents seemed to be higher in the unfavourable year of 1985 and in un- fertilized treatments as compared to the more favourable year of 1986 and to fertilized treat- ments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72361", "words": "97622", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Ollila, Petri", "title": "Coordination of supply and demand in the dairy marketing system \u2013 with special emphasis on the potential role of farmer cooperatives as coordinating institutions", "date": "1989", "keywords": "agricultural; alternative; analysis; assets; average; balancing; behavior; butter; cent; change; cheese; consumer; consumption; consumption milk; coordination; costs; dairy cooperatives; dairy cows; dairy farmers; dairy industry; dairy marketing; dairy plants; dairy processing; dairy producers; dairy production; dairy subsector; dairy system; decisions; decrease; demand; development; e.g.; economics; effect; exchange; exit; farms; fat; figure; finland; finnish; firm; fmk; food; incentives; increase; information; level; liquid; making; marketing system; markets; means; members; michigan; michigan dairy; milk components; milk fat; milk marketing; milk powder; milk price; milk processing; milk producers; milk production; milk protein; milk supply; new; number; order; organization; performance; preferences; present; price; pricing; problem; producer price; production costs; products; property; protein; quota; retail; situation; skim milk; structure; system; time; total; transaction; transaction costs; trc; uncertainty; use; valio; value; voice; way; williamson; year", "summary": "In this study, it is assumed that the main objectives are self-sufficiency in milk products and maintaining the rural areas of the coun- try populated by using dairy policy as a means, and that total price discrimination in the short run is not possible or acceptable. In milk products, a differ- ence of only 1 per cent between the average actual and target price already requires action by the committee.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72362", "words": "17162", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Evers, Aino-Maija", "title": "The role of fertilization practices in the yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.)", "date": "1989", "keywords": "application; broadcast; broadcast fertilization; carotene; carotene content; carrot; content; effects; fertilization; fertilization practices; fertilizer; fertirrigations; fibre; growth; matter; nitrogen; npk; npk fertirrigations; phosphorus; placement fertilization; quality; results; root; soil; storage; sucrose; sugar; table; taste; treatments; vs.; yield", "summary": "Reports of the influence of fertilization on carrot sugar contents in the literatureare con- tradictory. These contradictory results can be partly explained by genotypes, because it has been confirmed that genotype has a strong influence on carrot sugar contents as compared to the effect of climate or soil influences (Simon et al. 1982).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72363", "words": "5210", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Effect of different rates of P fertilization on the yield and P status of the soil in two long-term field experiments", "date": "1989", "keywords": "cereal; experiment; fertilization; phosphorus; plots; soil; table; years; yields", "summary": "The year of harvest kg P/ha until 1982 and 0, 16, 32, 56 and 72 kg P/ha in 1983\u201485. The average difference between the maximum yields and the ones ob- tained without P fertilization was 470 kg/ha (12 %) in 1974\u201480, but during the last four years the difference increased to I 360 kg/ha (40 %), owing to the depletion of P in the plots not fertilized with P. Also in the other experiment, in which the maximum yield of cereal grains (4 790 kg/ha) was obtained at the P rate of 26/32 kg/ha, the response to P fertilization in- creased towards the end of the trial, the mean response during the last three years being 570 kg/ha (12 %).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72364", "words": "5510", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch process in diets of pigs", "date": "1989", "keywords": "barley; barley fibre; barley protein; diets; digestibility; expt; feed; fibre; fractions; pigs; protein", "summary": "Carcass quality was inferior (P<0.05) in pigs fed barley protein but higher in pigs receiving barley fibre diets. The products examined were barley protein, (375 g CP/kg), barley fibre (166 CP and 653 NDF), barley molasses (298 CP) and distillers solubles (333 CP); their respec- tive digestibilities for OM were 0.895, 0.633, 0.864 and 0.834 and for CP 0.910, 0.577, 0.809 and 0.851.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72365", "words": "6496", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka; N\u00e4si, Matti; Khalili, Hannele", "title": "By-products from integrated starch-ethanol production from barley in the diets of growing cattle", "date": "1989", "keywords": "barley; barley protein; cattle; diet; energy; experiment; fibre; gain; meal; protein; silage", "summary": "High per- formance on barley fibre diets in spite of reduced estimated energy intake may be the result of improved forage digestibility, changes in the rumen fermentation pattern or nutrient partitioning. Higher molar proportion of propionate of rumen VFA with barley fibre diets than with barley diets (Huhtanen, unpublished) may have provided more precursors (NADPH 2 and glycerol phosphate) for the conversion of ace- tate to fatty acids, which could explain the higher efficiency of utilization of ME with barley fibre diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72366", "words": "4704", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Miettinen, Harri; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko", "title": "Design and development of a continuous culture system for studying rumen fermentation", "date": "1989", "keywords": "ammonia; concentration; culture; days; effluent; fermentation; fermentors; microbial; rumen; system; vfa", "summary": "The plateau values for the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, the molar proportions of individual VFAs, and the ammonia concentrations were found to be within the accepted range in the rumen of animals given similar diets or in other artificial rumen systems. The plateau valuefor the ammonia concen- tration (5 mM) is in the same range that in other artificial rumen systems (Crawford et al. 1980 b, Merry et al. 1987) and near the optimal range (3.5 mM) suggested by Satter and Slyter (1974) for optimal synthesis of microbial protein.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72367", "words": "3041", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Kuisma, Paavo", "title": "The effect of foliar application of seaweed extract on potato", "date": "1989", "keywords": "application; cytokinins; extract; foliar; growth; potato; seaweed; seaweed extract", "summary": "The effect of foliar application of seaweed extract on potato PAAVO KUISMA Potato Research Institute, SF-16900 Lammi, Finland Abstract. In particular, carbohydrate stor- age crops, such as a sugar beet, benefit remarkably from the use of seaweed extract (Blunden et al. 1974).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72368", "words": "2527", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Peltonen, Pirjo; Karjalainen, Sinikka; Karjalainen, Reijo", "title": "Reactions of winter wheat cultivars to Septoria nodorum Berk.", "date": "1989", "keywords": "cultivars; karjalainen; leaf; nodorum; plant; resistance; seedling; wheat", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Voi. 61: 379\u2014385, 1989 Reactions of winter wheat cultivars to Septoria nodorum Berk. PIRJO PELTONEN, 1 SINIKKA KARJALAINEN 2 & REIJO KARJALAINEN 2 1 Department of Crop husbandry, University of Helsinki SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Index words: winter wheat cultivars, Septoria nodorum Inlrodiidion Septoria nodorum Berk., the cause of glume and leaf blotch of wheat, occurs world- wide in wheat growing areas (King et al. 1983).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72369", "words": "3140", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Galambosi, B.; Holm, Y.", "title": "The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Herb Yield of Dragonhead", "date": "1989", "keywords": "dragonhead; fertilization; harvesting; herb; nitrate; nitrogen; plants; proportion; weight; yield", "summary": "Nitrogen fertilization explained 80 to 99 % of the increase in plant height and weight (Ta- ble 1). Response of dragonhead individual plant weight (fresh) to N fertilization (transplanted plants).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72370", "words": "3518", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "39", "author": "Pohjalainen, Kirsi; Knuth, Sisko; Pehu, Tuula; Gyllenberg, Helge", "title": "Er\u00e4it\u00e4 uuden kasvibiotekniikan keksint\u00f6j\u00e4 vuosina 1979\u20141986 j\u00e4tetyiss\u00e4 patenttihakemuksissa", "date": "1989", "keywords": "avulla; dna; documents; eri; ett\u00e4; euroopan; european; gene; inventions; kasveja; kasvien; kasvissa; keksinn\u00f6n; keksint\u00f6; mukaan; my\u00f6s; office; ole; oli; patent; plant; protection; tai; transfer; upov; vain", "summary": "Jalostettaessa geenin- siirron avulla uusia, entist\u00e4 parempia kasve- ja on tarkoituksenmukaista testata siirretyn vieraan geenin toiminta ja ilmentyminen re- generoidussa kasvissa. Vaikka yleisess\u00e4 kuvaukses- sa saatettiin selostaa kasvien regenerointi, esi- merkkien avulla ei selv\u00e4sti osoitettu kavien re- generoimia tai keksinn\u00f6n toimintaa k\u00e4yt\u00e4n- n\u00f6ss\u00e4, esimerkiksi vieraan geenin ilmentymist\u00e4 regeneroidussa kasvissa (EP-A-145 338, EP- A-174 166 ja EP-A-203 790).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72371", "words": "5233", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Vanhala, P. T.; Pehu, T.; Gyllenberg, H. G.", "title": "Legal protection of plant biotechnological inventions", "date": "1989", "keywords": "breeder; breeding; patent; patent protection; patenting; plant; plant varieties; protection; rights; seed; varieties; variety", "summary": "Plant variety The rule of excluding plant varieties from patent protection conforms with the prereq- uisites of patentability, because the concept of plant variety lacks a precise definition. The UPOV Convention When the inapplicability of patenting for plant variety protection was recognized, a new protection procedure was created for that pur- pose.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72372", "words": "4477", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Honkavaara, Markku", "title": "Influence of selection phase, fasting and transport on porcine stress and on the development of PSE pork", "date": "1989", "keywords": "lactate; meat; muscle; pigs; selection; serum; stress; transport", "summary": "Furthermore, it was not recommended to fast pigs for 17\u201427 h due to overnight hold- ing which had a negative effect on muscle lac- tate and glycogen content. During transport, pigs were under greatest stress if they were loaded just before feeding period, or if they were transported in warm weather (over 10\u00b0C).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72373", "words": "4066", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Honkavaara, Markku", "title": "Influence of lairage on blood composition of pig and on the development of PSE pork", "date": "1989", "keywords": "carcass; humidity; lairage; muscle; pigs; temperature", "summary": "The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lairage temperature, humidity and time on blood composition and on the development of PSE meat (pH,<5.B). The higher was lairage temperature the higher carcass temperature(P < 0.001) and log creatine kinase (CK) value (P<0.05) at slaughter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72374", "words": "3817", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Honkavaara, Markku", "title": "Influence of carcass temperature, glycogenolysis and glycolysis 45 min postmortem on the development of PSE pork", "date": "1989", "keywords": "carcass; chilling; glycogen; lactate; min; muscle; p.m.; scalding; temperature", "summary": "pmol of lactate (ML) formed per 100 g of wet tissue in one minute = ML 45 min p.m. (pmol/100 g) \u2014 ML 0 min p.m. (pmol/100 g) (ime elapsed from exsanguination to chilling (min) Variables The following 34 variables were used in statistical analyses: loading timeof day, trans- port temperature and duration (TD), lairage time, temperature of lairage (TL), humidity of lairage, stunning time of day (ST), fasting duration (FD), scalding temperature (STE) and time (STI), temperature on line at split- ting and that before chilling (TEC), humidity on line at splitting and that before chilling, time elapsed from stunning to splitting (TS) and that elapsed from splitting to chilling (TC); blood creatine kinase (CK) activity on farm, during unloading and at exsanguination (CKE); serum glucose (SG), glycerol, lactate and pH; carcass temperature 0 The most contributing components of the increase in carcass temperature during scald- ing were carcass temperature 0", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72394", "words": "32361", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Aspila, Pentti", "title": "Metabolism of selenite, selenomethionine and feed-incorporated selenium in lactating goats and dairy cows", "date": "1991", "keywords": "75se; absorption; activity; blood; cows; days; dietary; dose; dosing; erythrocyte; erythrocyte se; et al; excretion; experiment; faeces; fed; goats; gsh; inorganic; level; mg se; milk; milk se; period; plasma; plasma se; plasma selenium; rat; se content; se intake; se level; selenite; selenium; selenium absorption; selenium content; selenium metabolism; selenomethionine; urine", "summary": "Milk Se content was positively related to plasma (r: 0.78, p<0.001) and erythrocyte Se content (r: 0.83, p<0.001) and to milk pro- tein content (r: 0.23, p<0.01). Period Group 12 3 4 MSe FSe MSe FSe MSe FSe MSe FSe II 0.005 0.069 0.103 0.083 0.005 0.219 0.102 0.183 111 0.005 0.064 0.349 0.098 0.005 0.449 0,381 0.503 IV 0.006 0.056 0.701 0.074 0.005 1.168 0.615 1.242 V 0.005 0.024 0,108 0.033 0.007 0.116 0.096 0.099 VI 0.006 0.035 0.005 0.034 0,005 0.036 0,007 0.031 Mineral selenium includes Se from commercial mineral mixture and selenium preparation, and feed selenium Se from the rest of the feeds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72395", "words": "4298", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Phosphorus supplying capacities of soils previously fertilized with different rates of P", "date": "1991", "keywords": "experiment; fertilization; field; pot; soils; unlimed; uptake", "summary": "P uptake by pot-grown grass from soils fertilized with increasing rates of P in the field cor- responded to 30, 72, 100 and 112 kg larger quantities of P per hectare, compared to the soil not receiving P in the field experiment. 2. Relationships between P uptake by pot-grown ryegrass and the quantities of P extracted with water (P w) and acid ammonium acetate (P AAAc) and the quantities of reversibly adsorbed P (P,) in limed and unlimed soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72396", "words": "3574", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Mohammadi, Oili; Yli-Halla, Markku; M\u00e4ntylahti, V\u00e4in\u00f6", "title": "Determination of plant-available manganese from soils by acid ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction", "date": "1991", "keywords": "aaac; content; correction; edta; indices; plant; reducible; soil", "summary": "Index words: exchangeable manganese, reducible manganese, total manganese Introduction The supply of soil Mn to plants is of interest may arise. For the current study, soil Mn was ex- tracted for 60 min by AAAc-EDTA (0.5 M CH 3COOH, 0.5 M CH 3 COONH4, 0.02 M Na2 -EDTA, pH 4.65) at the soil to solution ratio of 1 : 10 (v/v) (Lakanen and Ervi\u00f6 1971).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72397", "words": "2554", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Mohammadi, Oili; Ristim\u00e4ki, Leena; Vermeulen, Stephan; Viikari, Esko", "title": "Nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat in spring in Finland: comparison of calcium ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate, and the effect of split application", "date": "1991", "keywords": "application; content; wheat; winter", "summary": "Grain yield (kg ha -') and protein content (%) of grains of winter wheat fertilized with CAN and CN. Grain yields of winter wheat fertilized by single and split N dressing in seven (1 \u20147) field trials. Fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72398", "words": "6333", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Raininko, Ky\u00f6sti; Erjala, Matti", "title": "The effect of method of fertilizer application on sugar beet yield, yield quality and fertilization requirement in Finland", "date": "1991", "keywords": "application; beet; broadcasting; fertilizer; fertilizer placement; increase; placement; seed; sugar; trials; yield", "summary": "The yield increase from fertilizer placement correlated negatively with the sugar beet yield level. The nutritional status and humus content of soil, and soil type did not affect the yield increase from fertilizer placement.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72399", "words": "7209", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Halinen, P\u00e4ivi; Raatikainen, Mikko", "title": "Seasonal dynamics and primary production of the flora in a winter rye field in Finland", "date": "1991", "keywords": "biomass; fig; ground; maximum; number; production; raatikainen; repens; rye; seeds; species; total; weed; winter", "summary": "Number of seeds in the soil Research into the amounts of weed seeds in arable soils has mainly employed germination and washing flotation methods, and the differences between the methods used make comparison difficult. The result was lower than that reported by Paatela and Ervi\u00f6 (1971) in a spring cereal field or the proportion of weed seeds emerging in spring cereal fields and numbers of individuals reported by Mukula et ai.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72400", "words": "1722", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Peltonen, Jari; Salovaara, Hannu", "title": "Experiences of an automatic small-scale 'home bakery' in test bakings of six spring wheat varieties", "date": "1991", "keywords": "baking; flour; loaf; quality; test; volume", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 63: 131\u2014135, 1991 Experiences of an automatic small-scale 'home bakery' in test bakings of six spring wheat varieties JARI PELTONEN* and HANNU SALOVAARA** * Department of Crop Husbandry and ** Department of Food Chemistry and Technology SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. However, test baking is a labori- ous procedure, and often constitutes a bottle- neck in studies of the baking quality of wheat lots.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72401", "words": "3125", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Roivainen, P\u00e4ivi", "title": "The effect of cytokinins in vitro on the growth and development of Elatior begonias (Begonia Elatior-hybr.)", "date": "1991", "keywords": "elatior; ipa; kinetin; mg/1; number; plants; shoots; variation", "summary": "The survival rate after transfer in vivo was highest among big shoots (97 %) and lowest among small shoots (65 %). In commercial propa- gation, a great number of shoots per explant would be desirable, but small shoots (or rather buds) cannot be utilized for propagation un- less a method to enhance their growth can be developed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72402", "words": "52812", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Yl\u00e4talo, Matti", "title": "Determination of the capitalized and market values of supplementary arable land in southern Finland, 1972\u20141986", "date": "1991", "keywords": "agriculture; average; board; bookkeeping farms; buildings; capital; cattle farms; costs; cultivation; data; determination; economic; effect; factors; farm land; farms; figure; fim; finland; function; grain farms; hand; increase; interest; labour; land; land acquisition; land area; land demand; land improvements; land land; land market; land price; land purchases; land quality; land surveying; land transactions; land use; land value; market price; market value; national; national board; period; price development; price level; price register; prices; production; rate; research; results; return; size; southern; study; table; value product; values; variables; years; yield", "summary": "Nositschka (1973) and Wentrup (1978) es- timated the effect of a number of variables influencing the variation of land prices, al- though the effect of any single variable on land price proved mostly to be weak. In the Department of Agricultural Eco- nomics of the University of Helsinki, aca- demic theses have examined arable land prices using these data.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72403", "words": "15648", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Jokinen, Kari", "title": "Competition and yield advantage in barley-barley and barley-oats mixtures", "date": "1991", "keywords": "barley; competition; components; crop; density; genotype; grain; grain yield; growth; mixtures; model; nitrogen; oats; oats mixtures; plant; regression; resources; results; stand; total; varietal; yield; yield advantage; yield total", "summary": "In trying to combine the two spe- cies so that there was less mutual competition at critical stages, Syme and Bremner (1968) found that mixture yields did not exceed the better component and were usually similar to mid-component. Yield and competition in barley variety mixtures.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72404", "words": "8867", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Jokinen, Kari", "title": "Yield and competition in barley variety mixtures", "date": "1991", "keywords": "agneta; arra; average; barley; competition; grain; mixtures; nitrogen; ratio; row; table; varieties; variety; variety mixtures; yield", "summary": "Lang, R.W., Holmes, J.C., Taylor, B.R. & Waterson, H.A. 1975.The performance of barley variety mixtures. Also growing of variety mixtures, multi- lines or bulk hybrids instead of pure line var- ieties has been proposed as a means of obtain- ing higher and more stable yields.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72405", "words": "7131", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Jokinen, Kari", "title": "Assessment of competition and yield advantage in addition series of barley variety mixtures", "date": "1991", "keywords": "arra; average; barley; competition; density; fertilization; grain; mixtures; nitrogen; plant; varieties; variety; yield", "summary": "Trenbath (1974) showed that there is the tendency for actual mixture yields to lie above expected combined with the closeness of RYT\u2019s to uni- ty. The influence of nitrogen fertilization, density and the composition of the mixture on the relative yield to- tals (RYT) and land equivalent ratio (LER) of barley variety mixtures.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72406", "words": "8302", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Jokinen, Kari", "title": "Competition and yield performance in mixtures of oats and barley - nitrogen fertilization, density and proportion of the components", "date": "1991", "keywords": "agneta; average; barley; competition; density; mixture; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilization; oats; proportion; veli; yield", "summary": "In trying to combine the two species so that there was less mutual com- petition at critical stages, Syme and Bremner (1968) found that mixture yields did not ex- ceed the better component and were usually similar to mid-component. Syme and Bremner (1968) and Fejer et al. (1982) found that mixture yields did not exceed those of the better component.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72407", "words": "5512", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Jokinen, Kari", "title": "Influence of different barley varieties on competition and yield performance in barley-oats mixtures at two levels of nitrogen fertilization", "date": "1991", "keywords": "aapo; agneta; average; barley; fertilization; grain; mixture; nitrogen; oats; protein; relative; veli; yield", "summary": "Plant relative yields (PRY) and plant relative yield components of barley (Agneta, Ida and Aapo) and oats (Veli). Grain yield", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72408", "words": "3442", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Jokinen, Kari", "title": "The effect of site on competition and yield advantages of mixtures of barley and oats", "date": "1991", "keywords": "barley; grain; jokinen; mixture; oats; protein; yield", "summary": "Grain yield means within site rows, grain yield means in the average column and grain yield means in the average row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5 % level (HSD test). In other studies of barley-oats mixtures (Syme and Bremner 1968, Jokinen 1991 b) it was shown that the number of ears per plant and the number of grains per ear varied more than grain weight in circumstances where differences in monoculture and mixture yields were ob- served.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72409", "words": "3560", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Phosphate adsorption characteristics of two soils responding differently to P fertilization", "date": "1991", "keywords": "adsorption; fertilization; soil; solution", "summary": "Also the quantities of reversibly adsorbed P were smaller in the subsamples of soil I as compared to those of soil II receiving the same fertilization. As an example, when the solution of 0.5 mg P/l was added (P addition of 25 mg P/kg), the subsamples of soil II not fertilized with P adsorbed 14.8 mg/kg (59 %) while as much as 20.2 mg/kg (81 %) was adsorbed by the corrensponding subsample of soil I. From the same addition, 61 % and 27 \u00b07o was adsorbed by the subsamples fertilized with the highest P rate in soils I and 11, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72410", "words": "4810", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka; Khalili, Hannele; N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "A comparison of untreated and formaldehyde-treated barley distiller\u2019s solubles and rapeseed meal as protein supplements in dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum", "date": "1991", "keywords": "barley; cows; dds; diet; milk; protein; rsm; silage; yield", "summary": "Milk protein content and milk protein yield were significantly (P < 0.05; PcO.Ol) higher for cows given protein sup- plements. Among the three protein supple- ments, the best response in milk protein yield was obtained with RSM; the difference be- tween RSM and the mean value of the DOS diets was significant (P<0.01).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72411", "words": "5260", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Digestibility and protein utilization responses of soybean and rape seed meal to physical and enzymatic treatments in diets for growing pigs", "date": "1991", "keywords": "diets; digestibility; enzyme; feed; meals; pigs; processing; protein; sbm; soybean", "summary": "Index words: soybean meal, rapeseed meal, processing, enzymes, digestibility, pig Introduction Protein supplementation in pig diets is mainly based on oilseed meals while the use of fish meal is avoided due to its negative ef- fects on meat quality. Proper processing is of great importance in order to ensure the nutri- tional value of soybean meal (SBM) and rape seed meal (RSM) for pig diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72412", "words": "4436", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka", "title": "Effects of thermal processing on digestibility and protein utilization of rapeseed meal of medium and low glucosinolate type in diets for growing pigs", "date": "1991", "keywords": "digestibility; meal; opex; pigs; protein; rapeseed; rsm", "summary": "The GL-reduction treatment used removed 0.68 of the original GL, while Opex treated RSM\u2019s had 0.33 to 0.45 lower total GL- content than untreated RSM\u2019s. 2. RSM\u2019s treated for ru- minant escape protein had the same or better digestibility than untreated RSM\u2019s; pooled average values being 0.669 vs. 0.680 for OM and 0.746 vs. 0.757 for CP, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72413", "words": "4916", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Saastamoinen, M. T.", "title": "Some factors of the time of breaking and training affecting racing performance in young trotters", "date": "1991", "keywords": "age; breaking; class; performance; racing; standardbred; training; trotters; year", "summary": "F-test for Standardbred trotter Finnhorse trotter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Trait and age Trait and age Best time Best time 3 ** *\u2022 ** ** NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS * NS 6 NS NS \u2022 NS \u2022 NS NS Number of starts Number of starts 3 * NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS \u00bb\u2022 NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS \u2022** NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 6 NS NS NS NS * NS NS (Earnings)I''* 1''* (Earnings)\u2019 7* 3 NS * NS NS NS * NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS \u2022\u2022 NS 5 *\u2022 NS ** NS NS NS NS 5 \u2022\u2022\u2022 NS NS NS NS NS NS 6 NS NS NS NS \u00bb NS NS Logit (first placings) Logit (first placings) 3 NS NS NS NS NS \u2022 NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS \u2022 NS NS 5 ** NS NS NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS \ufffd* NS NS 6 NS NS NS NS NS NS Logit (first-to-third-placings) Logit (first-to-third placings) 3 NS NS NS NS NS \u2022 NS 4 NS NS \ufffd NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS ** NS NS 5 NS NS * NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS * NS 6 *\ufffd NS NS NS NS NS NS Logit (disqualified races) Logit (disqualified races) 3 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 6 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Levels of statitical significance: *\u2022* p<o.ool, ** pcO.Ol, * p<0.05, NS non-significant 488 also include poor durability and unsoundness occurring during the training period. Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 63: 483\u2014492, 1991", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72414", "words": "3681", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Sumelius, John", "title": "Farm level and budgetary calculations on production of turnip rapeseed oil-methyl-ester (RME) for fuel of diesel engines", "date": "1991", "keywords": "dieseloljyn; etta; ham; kevyen; kohti; kuin; kustannus; mukaan; noin; olisi; osuus; p/1; polttooljyn; production; raaka; rme; rmem; rypsin; tuki; tuotantokustannukset; tuottajahinta", "summary": "Tiedot tarvittavista koneista ja poltto- ja voiteluaineiden maarista perustuvat Tydtehoseuralta saatuhin tietoihin. Jaljelle jaava koneiden poisto ja kunnossapito (3 % jalleenhankinta- arvosta) on jaettu peltoalan mukaan rypsin ja viljan kesken.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72415", "words": "4579", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kuhmonen, Tuomas; Strijker, Dirk", "title": "The EC-Scandinavian agricultural trade changes - causes and consequences", "date": "1991", "keywords": "agro; countries; exports; food; imports; index; policy; products; trade", "summary": "The RTP-index can be used to describe sys- tematically the degree of pressure transmitted from the EC to Scandinavian countries through changes in mutual trade. In terms of the development of production, 508 509 self-sufficiency ratios and international damental pressure to change of its policy critizism, the position of the EC was not very different from that of Scandinavian countries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72416", "words": "3401", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Pauk, J\u00e1nos; Fekete, S\u00e1ndor; Vilkki, Juha; Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Protoplast culture and plant regeneration of different agronomically important Brassica species and varieties", "date": "1991", "keywords": "agarose; brassica; culture; liquid; medium; plant; protoplast; regeneration", "summary": "Our results confirmed the applicability of the embedded protoplast culture technique (directly or on the 2nd day of subculturing) which produced the same division results as the liquid culture method (basic culture meth- od) published for Brassica protoplast culture (Bidney et al. 1983, Glimelius 1984, Jourdan et al. 1989, Loudon et al. 1989). Protoplast cultures were prepared from 6-day-old hypocotyls of six spring, sev- en winter cultivars of Brassica napus L. and one line of Brassica campeslris L.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72417", "words": "4612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, P.", "title": "Effect of moderate and severe drought stress on the pre-anthesis development and yield formation of oats", "date": "1991", "keywords": "deficit; drought; florets; number; panicle; puhti; stage; stress; virma; water; yield; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "Moderate water deficit and severe drought stress did not affect the developmental rate of the panicle, but the pre-anthesis and post-anthesis architecture changed considerably; leaves unrolled later, the number of green leaves was lower, the internodes lengthenedless, and the inflorescence was shorter as a consequence of water deficit. As the oats pollinated, these three treat- ments were divided into the following treat- ments: 4) continuously well-watered (pF 2) 5) continuously moderate water deficit (pF <3.5) 6) continuously severe water deficit (pF <4) 7) well-watered at pre-anthesis stage (pF 2), moderately drought stressed after pollina- tion (pF 8) moderate pre-anthesis water deficit (pF well-watered after pollination (pF 2) 9) severe pre-anthesis water deficit (pF well-watered after pollination (pF 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72418", "words": "5070", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Virkaj\u00e4rvi, Perttu; Varis, Eero", "title": "The effect of cutting times on goat\u2019s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) leys", "date": "1991", "keywords": "autumn; autumn cut; content; cutting time; goat; protein; rue; spring; spring cut; yield", "summary": "When cutting was done in the beginning of September (second cutting time), the crude protein yield was highest. However, in 1988 and 1989, the lack of rainfall after second cutting time in spring was the reason for the small yields of the recommended cut- ting system (Fig. 4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72419", "words": "3214", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Galambosi, B.; Szebeni-Galambosi, ZS.; Repcak, M.; Cernaj, P.", "title": "Variation in the yield and essential oil of four chamomile varieties grown in Finland in 1985\u20141988", "date": "1991", "keywords": "chamomile; conditions; content; finland; flower; harvest; oil; varieties; yield", "summary": "The purpose of this work was to study the variation of flower yield and essential oil of four chamomile varieties during a longer peri- od under normal field conditions in Finland. Index words: chamomile, varieties, flower yield, essential oil Introduction Chamomile {Matricaria recutita L.) is a na- tive plant of the Finnish flora, but it occurs quite rarely due to the widespread use of her- bicides in agriculture and on roadsides.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72420", "words": "1441", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Varis, Anna-Liisa", "title": "Effect of intercropping carrots and onions on damage caused by the carrot fly, Psila rosae (F.) (Dipt., Psilidae)", "date": "1991", "keywords": "carrot; damage; fly; onions; psila; rosae; rows", "summary": "Heidema (1923) reported observations made by carrot grow- ers that carrot flies can be controlled by grow- ing onions among carrots. In small-scale field experiments carried out in southern Finland in seven succes- sive years, rows of carrots were grown a) between carrot rows, b) between a carrot and an onion row, and c) between onion rows.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72421", "words": "8495", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Linnasalmi, Annikki; Toiviainen, Anneli", "title": "Occurrence of clubroot and Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. races in Finland", "date": "1991", "keywords": "brassicae; brassicae races; cabbage; cauliflower; clubroot; code; differential; ecd; faales; finland; host; isolates; material; occurrence; plant; plasmodiophora; races; samples; species; test; williams", "summary": "Samples of galls from the various cultivars affected withclubroot were taken for the anal- ysis of P. brassicae races. A preliminary report on the occurrence of P. brassicae races determined in the present study was presented at the Brassica conference 1981 (Linnasalmi and Toiviainen 1981).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72422", "words": "2569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Tapio, Eeva; Pohto-Lahdenper\u00e4, Arja", "title": "Scanning electron microscopy of hyphal interaction between Streptomyces griseoviridis and some plant pathogenic fungi", "date": "1991", "keywords": "fig; fungi; griseoviridis; hyphae; pythium; solani; streptomyces; tahvonen", "summary": "S. griseoviridis hyphae are growing from the right towards Mycocentrospora acerina hyphae, which are col- lapsing and disintegrating. Later on, Streptomyces hyphae seemed to be close- ly associated with the collapsed host hyphae (Fig. 9).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72423", "words": "5907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "Effects of yeast culture supplement on digestion of nutrients and rumen fermentation in cattle fed on grass silage barley diet", "date": "1991", "keywords": "acid; culture; diet; digestion; effect; et al; fermentation; rumen; total; yeast", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 63: 443\u2014453, 1991 Effects of yeast culture supplement on digestion of nutrients and rumen fermentation in cattle fed on grass silage barley diet PEKKA HUHTANEN Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Supplementation of the diet with YC had virtually no effect on rumen fermentation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72424", "words": "4862", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kola, Jukka; Marttila, Juha; Niemi, Jyrki", "title": "Finnish agriculture in European integration: A firm level approach", "date": "1992", "keywords": "adjustment; agriculture; average; costs; farms; feed; fim; finland; finnish; level; milk; pig; price; production", "summary": "The key factor in the adaptation process would be the overall structural adjustment in terms of production costs, development of farm size, internal and external comparative advantage, and regional reallocation of resources. However, the application of the CAP would be difficult due to the high level of producer prices and production costs in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72425", "words": "3157", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Valaja, Jarmo; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Suomi, Kaija; Immonen, Irma", "title": "Compensatory growth after feed restriction during the rearing period in pigs", "date": "1992", "keywords": "et al; feed; growth; period; pigs; restriction; weight", "summary": "Compensatory growth after feed restriction during the rearing period in pigs Jarmo Valaja, Timo Alaviuhkola, Kaija Suomi and Irma Immonen Valaja, J., Alaviuhkola, T., Suomi, K. & Immonen, I. 1992. Compensatory growth after feed restriction during the rearing period in pigs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72426", "words": "3111", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Valaja, Jarmo; Suomi, Kaija; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Immonen, Irma", "title": "Effect of dietary fish meal on the palatability and fatty acid composition of pork", "date": "1992", "keywords": "acid; c22:6; content; diet; fatty; fish; meal; pigs; pork; trial", "summary": "Test diets contained fish meal 0, 2.7, 6.5 and 13 %in trial 1 and 0, 2,5 and 10 % in trial 2. In trial 2, diets containing 5 or 10 % of fish meal were divided into four different treatments, where fish meal was withdrawn from the diet 7,5, 3 or 0 weeks before slaughter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72427", "words": "4905", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Puhakainen, Marketta; Yl\u00e4ranta, Toivo", "title": "Uptake of radionuclides by spring wheat and barley from cultivated soils supplemented by contaminated sewage sludge", "date": "1992", "keywords": "clay; grain; loam; sludge; soil; spring; straw; wheat", "summary": "After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in April 1986, large amounts of fallout radionuclides originating from Chernobyl were measured in sewage sludge in Finland. Key words: l37Cs, 134Cs, sewage sludge, spring wheat, barley Introduction After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in April 1986, large amounts of fallout radionuclides originating from Chernobyl were measured in sewage sludge in Finland (Puha- kainen et al. 1987).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72428", "words": "8314", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Braunschweiler, Hannu", "title": "The fate of some pesticides in Finnish cultivated soils", "date": "1992", "keywords": "carbofuran; clay; clay soil; concentration; degradation; fenitrothion; fenvalerate; field; finesand; finesand soil; furathiocarb; iprodione; layer; methabenzthiazuron; n.d; soil; study; trifluralin", "summary": "This may be due to extremely quick leaching in finesand soils or transportation through cracks in clay soils, or also to contamination of the samples from the overlying soil layers. Methahenzthiazuron Soil type c(1 d) T50 (ld) c (30 d) T 5O (30 d) c(l32d) Clay soil 0-5 cm 3.0 21 0.95 180 0.42 5-15 cm n.d. n.d. 0.007 n.d. 0.015 15 -25 cm n.d. n.d.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72429", "words": "5296", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Laurila, Leena; Karvonen, Tuomo; Hiivola, Sirkka-Liisa", "title": "A dynamic model for predicting the falling number of rye grains in Finnish (Ostrobothnian) conditions", "date": "1992", "keywords": "air; days; decrease; dormancy; maximum; model; number; precipitation; ripening; rye; temperature; varieties; variety", "summary": "Key words: rye, falling number, amylase activity, mathematical model, weather Introduction Due to unfavourable weather conditions at harvest time, ear-sprouting and low falling numbers are common for rye in Finland. In her experiments the end of dormancy, measured by the drop in falling number, was close to the date of yellow ripening.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72430", "words": "4469", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Roininen, Janne; Nissil\u00e4, Eero; Puolimatka, Matti; Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Identification of barley cultivars using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis", "date": "1992", "keywords": "barley; cultivars; extraction; genotypes; groups; hordein; identification; method; patterns; variation", "summary": "Identification of barley cultivars using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Janne Roininen, Eero Nissil\u00e4, Matti Puolimatka ja SeppoPulli Roininen, J., Nissil\u00e4, E., Puolimatka, M. & Pulli, S. 1992. Introduction The correct identification of barley cultivars is important to plant breeders for protection of their proprietary rights on cultivars and to crop users for the determination of grain suitability for different end-uses, especially malting.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72431", "words": "4552", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Tuovinen, Tuomo", "title": "Effect of weather on the abundance of winter eggs of the European red spider mite on apple", "date": "1992", "keywords": "effect; eggs; erm; erm winter; mite; numbers; orchards; samples; sprays; weather; winter", "summary": "The numbers of ERM winter eggs varied in commercial, sprayed orchards depending on the orchards and cultivars, with quite a wide range of ERM winter egg numbers (Fig. 4). To exclude the effect of orchards and cultivars in weather analyses, re- gression analyses were made using the relative change in ERM winter egg numbers in two subsequent years from the same orchards and cultivars as a dependent variable, and weather parameters were calculated as relative changes between the same years.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72432", "words": "4380", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "The effect of growth substrate and fertilizer on the growth and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection of three hosts", "date": "1992", "keywords": "effect; fertilizer; growth; infection; maize; mycorrhizal; plant; sand; strawberry; substrate; vam", "summary": "The most outstanding effect of VA mycorrhiza on plant growth is the enhanced phosphorus uptake in soils or growth substrates of low phosphorus availability (Mosse 1986, Cooper 1982, Fitter 1988, Dunne and Fitter 1989). The effect of growth substrate and fertilizer on the growth and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection of three hosts MauritzVestberg Vestberg, M. 1992.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72433", "words": "7332", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Vanhatalo, Aila; Varvikko, Tuomo; Aronen, Ilmo", "title": "The effect of type of additive on rumen fermentation and digestion of grass silage in cattle", "date": "1992", "keywords": "acid; additives; agric; degradability; fermentation; grass; lfa; microbial; rumen; silage", "summary": "The molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was significantly higher (PcO.OOl) and the proportion of propionate significantly lower (PcO.OOl) with acid silages than with E and NA silages. In total N (g/kg) Ammonia N 47 18 45 55 Soluble N 541 432 467 499 22 For silage additives, see text.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72434", "words": "4197", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Kankare, Veikko; Antila, Veijo; Miettinen, Harri; Set\u00e4l\u00e4, Jouko", "title": "Effects of feed fat on the composition and technological properties of milk and milk fat", "date": "1992", "keywords": "composition; content; dairy; fat; feed; feeding; milk; period; protein; research; test", "summary": "Key words: dairy cow, fatty acid composition, milk yield, proteincomposition, quality of butter, quality of cheese, rapeseed oil Introduction Especially during the winter, milk fat produced in Finland is extremely saturated and hard. As a result, and because of the large amounts of myristic (C |4 saturated) and palmitic acid (C ]6 saturated) it contains, milk fat is considered an atherogenic fat which fails to meet the technological demands of the processing industry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72435", "words": "3884", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Varvikko, Tuomo; Khalili, Hannele; Crosse, Seamus", "title": "Supplementation of native grass hay with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) hay, wilted leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) forage, wilted tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) forage or a wheat middling for young Friesian x Zebu (Boran) crossbred steers", "date": "1992", "keywords": "cowpea; diet; feed; forage; hay; leucaena; middling; protein; tagasaste; weight; wheat", "summary": "Grass hay diets were unsupplemented (H) or supplemented with wheat middling (W), cowpea hay (C), wilted leucaena forage (L) or wilted tagasaste forage (T). A 100-day experiment ofa randomized block design was conducted with forty Friesian x Zebu (Boran) crossbred growing steers to compare the value of wheat middling, an agro-industrial by-product (diet W), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) hay (diet C), and wilted forages of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala, diet L) and tagasaste (Chamaecy- tisus palmensis, diet T) as cattle feed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72436", "words": "6691", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Aronen, Ilmo; Vanhatalo, Aila", "title": "Effect of concentrate supplementation to grass silage diets on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in growing heifers", "date": "1992", "keywords": "agric; barley; concentrates; diet; digestibility; digestion; effect; feed; grass; grass silage; meal; protein; rumen; silage", "summary": "In feed 101.7 105.2 105.2 110.4 3.05 NS N S NS At duodenum Total N 105.2 81.4 89.3 90.2 8.41 NS NS NS Ammonia N 3.6 2.4 2.9 2.3 0.39 o NS NS NAN 101.6 79.0 86.4 87.9 8.30 NS NS NS Microbial N 50.2 43.3 45.6 45.0 6.88 NS NS NS Feed N 2l 44.1 28.3 33.4 35.6 4.06 * NS NS In faeces 27.4 25.6 29.4 29.2 1.66 NS NS NS Apparent digestibility 0.729 0.750 0.716 0.732 0.0130 NS NS NS DegradabilityoffeedN 56.1 72.3 68.9 67.2 0.039 * NS NS Microbial N kg ' OMADR33\u00bb 27.9 23.2 23.1 22.4 4.55 NS NS NS Microbial N kg ' OMTDR3) 21.2 17.9 18.1 17.8 2.96 NS NS NS Microbial N kg ' DCHO41 25.3 20.2 21.1 20.5 3.28 NS NS NS Liquid dilution rate (l/h) 0.114 0.055 0.071 0.063 0.0086 Effect of concentrate supplementation to grass silage diets on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in growing heifers IlmoAronen and Aila Vanhatalo Aronen, I. & Vanhatalo, A. 1992.Effect of concentrate supplementation to grass silage diets on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in growing heifers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72437", "words": "3367", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Sormunen-Cristian, Riitta", "title": "The effect of drying and partial neutralization of grass silage on voluntary intake by sheep", "date": "1992", "keywords": "bicarbonate; content; effect; intake; sheep; silage; sodium; water", "summary": "Key words: sodium bicarbonate, drying, silage intake, sheep Introduction Grass silage is - in addition to hay - an important roughage for sheep during the indoor feeding period. The average daily intake for animals on dried silage was 71.4 g DM/kgW0-75 , on the 16 g neutralization level 62.7 g DM/kgW 075 , on the 8 g neutral- ization level 53.4 g DM/kgW0 75 and on untreated silage 52.4 g DM/kgW0 75.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72438", "words": "3905", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Greeff, J C; Hofmeyer, J H; Lourens, D J; Wyma, G A; Maijala, K", "title": "Performance of Finnsheep in South Africa", "date": "1992", "keywords": "age; average; birth; ewes; finnsheep; lambing; lambs; mass; months; percentage; table; weaning", "summary": "Seasonal oestrus pattern of Finnsheep ewe lambs (n =26). For singletons, twins, triplets, quadruplets and quintuplets the least squares means of birth mass was 2.5 \u00b1 0.06; 2.2 \u00b10.05; 2.0 \u00b10.05; 1.8 \u00b1 0.06 and 1.7\u00b1 0.10, weaning mass was 19.0\u00b1 0.47; 16.8 \u00b1 0.37; 16.8 \u00b10.36; 16.2 \u00b10.45 and 16.4 \u00b1 0.94, and", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72439", "words": "3975", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kiiskinen, Tuomo", "title": "The nutritive value of industrial by-products for poultry", "date": "1992", "keywords": "barley; diets; energy; protein; starch; table; values", "summary": "Metabolizable energy values and digestibility of some protein sources for poultry. Dried barley protein (BP 1, CP 38 %), oats protein (CP 44 %) and distillers\u2019 solids (CP 58 %) from the integrated ethanol starch process, as well as dehulled barley and oats proved to be excellent energy feeds containing AMEn 14.9, 18.6, 15.0, 14.2 and 14.6 MJ/kg DM, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72440", "words": "2005", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Suomi, Kaija; Alaviuhkola, Timo", "title": "Responses to organic and inorganic selenium in the performance and blood selenium content of growing pigs", "date": "1992", "keywords": "content; inorganic; selenium", "summary": "Key words: growing pig, organic Se, inorganic Se Introduction The effects of organic and inorganic Se on pigs have been studied widely (Cary et al. 1973, Mahan and Moxon 1978, Goehringet al. 1984 a, Kurkela and K\u00e4\u00e4ntee 1984). If the Se content of the feed exceeded 0.1 mg, theretention of organic Se by tis- sues was higher compared to the retention of inor- ganic Se.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72441", "words": "4548", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Protein utilization responses of growing pigs to supplemental lysine as liquid versus crystalline form in barley-barley protein diet", "date": "1992", "keywords": "amino; barley; diets; liquid; lysine; pigs; protein; retention; supplementation", "summary": "Hankahan (1989) found the plateau region of lysine response as high as the 11 g/kg increment when daily gain and feed con- version were the criteria. The responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine, as free lysine hydrochloride or in soy-bean meal, and the influence of food intake.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72442", "words": "4132", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Saastamoinen, Markku; Manninen, Merja; Rantanen, Asko", "title": "Compounded pelleted fibre feed and hay pellets as substitutes for hay in horse feeding", "date": "1992", "keywords": "agric; blood; crude; feed; feeding; fibre; glucose; group; hay; horses; pellets", "summary": "This feeding experiment was conducted to study the use of compounded pelleted fibre-rich feed, and ground pelleted hay as substitutes for long hay in horse diets, and to determine their influence on health, haematology, faecal microflora and weight change. Compounded pelleted fibre feed and hay pellets as substitutes for hay in horse feeding.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72443", "words": "3509", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Bredbacka, Peter; Peippo, Jaana", "title": "Sex diagnosis of ovine and bovine embryos by enzymatic amplification and digestion of DNA from the ZFY/ZFX locus", "date": "1992", "keywords": "amplification; bovine; dna; embryos; pcr; samples; sexing; sheep; zfx; zfy", "summary": "Although the method of choice wouldbe the separation of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm prior to AI, the only application that can be used in practical condi- tions at present is to sex embryos in connection with embryo transfer. The greater speed has made it possible to sex embryos on the same day as embryo recovery and transfer are carried out.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72444", "words": "6536", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Tesfa, Alem Tsehai; Tuori, Mikko; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa; Kaustell, Kaisa", "title": "Effects of partial replacement of barley with rapeseed oil or birch wood in comparison to barley and oats on the performance and blood metabolites of lactating cows", "date": "1992", "keywords": "barley; composition; content; cows; fat; fatty; fed; feeding; milk; oats; oil; oli; protein; rso; silage; wood; yield", "summary": "Finl. 1 (1992) Milk fat fatty acids There was no significant (P>0.10) difference between diets on certain fatty acids such as C 4 C6:o\u2019 C 10:l\u2019 C 12;0 C.4:P C 18:3 alld C20:0 (Table 8)' Concentrations of Cl2 C ]4.o and C l 6 0 decreased on oats and RSO feeding, but no apparent difference was observed between barley, W 1 and W 2 feeding on these fatty acids. RSO diet slightly increased milk and FCM yield and sustained milk protein yield but decreased milk fat and protein contents compared to barley.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72445", "words": "4332", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Salo, Tapio; Pietola, Liisa; Jokinen, Raili", "title": "The effect of chloride and nitrogen on nitrate accumulation and yield in beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva)", "date": "1992", "keywords": "agric; chloride; content; days; experiment; fertilization; nitrate; nitrogen; pot; soil; sowing; yield", "summary": "Effect of different fertilization treatments on soil EC, and nitrate content, yield and dry mattercontent ofbeetroot in the pot experiment. The difference in soil nitrate contents between two nitrogen treat- ments was almost double until October.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72446", "words": "2901", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Peltonen, Jari", "title": "A perspective for setting the research priorities for the productivity of future crop production in Finland", "date": "1992", "keywords": "agric; crop; finland; oats; peltonen; production; productivity; protein; yield", "summary": "Chemical composition, yield productivity (grams ofbiomass per gram ofphotosynthate), and nitrogen requirements (milligrams ofN per gram ofphotosynthate) for crop yield of 19 crop species. The author proposes that future research work on crop production should concentrate on alleviating the problems associated with overwintering and frost, early summer drought and rainy autumn in order to enhance the competitiveness of field crop pro- duction in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72447", "words": "6679", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Tesfa, Alem Tsehai; Tuori, Mikko; Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4-Qvist, Liisa", "title": "The influence of partial replacement of barley with dietary fat sources on growth and feed conversion efficiency of growing bulls", "date": "1992", "keywords": "acid; animal; bulls; casfa; composition; control; effect; fat; fatty; fed; feed; intake; rso; weight", "summary": "Major differences in fatty acid composition due to fat sources were: decreased palmitic acid (C 16. 0), in- creased stearic (C lg0 ), oleic acid (C lgl) and trans- isomer of oleic acid on RSO and TS diets. The only difference was that animals fed with animal fat had more saturatedfatty acids than sun- flower oil fed animals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72448", "words": "6645", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka; Miettinen, Harri", "title": "Milk production and concentrations of blood metabolites as influenced by the level of wet distiller\u2019s solubles in dairy cows receiving grass silage-based diet", "date": "1992", "keywords": "barley; blood; cows; diet; huhtanen; intake; milk; plasma; protein; sci; silage; wds; yield", "summary": "Cubic Acetoacetate (mmol/1) 0.155 0.138 0.119 0.121 0.0021 NS NS NS B-hydroxybutyrate (mmol/1) 1.37 1.18 1.13 1.09 0.0157 NS NS NS VFA (pmol/1) Acetate 1079 985 1105 984 105.2 NS NS NS Propionate 22.2 28.0 30.9 27.4 3.51 NS NS NS Isobutyrate 6.6 7.7 8.1 7.2 0,89 NS NS NS Butyrate 42.9 52.3 53.4 54.4 4.03 o NS NS Isovalerate 4.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.59 NS NS NS Glucose (mmol/1) 3.35 3.46 3.56 3.55 0.080 o NS NS Insulin (mU/1) 1 27,9 30.9 32.7 29.7 1.79 NS NS NS NEFA (pmol/1) 92 93 99 103 3.87 * NS NS Urea (mmol/1) 3.58 3.86 4.72 5.08 0.214 *** NS NS \u25a0The biological activity of the bovine insulin standards used was approximately 27 IU/mg 285 Agric. Cubic Milk yield (kg/d) 23.6 24.5 24.4 24.4 0.25 * NS NS FCM yield (kg/d) 25.4 25.8 25.8 25.8 0.27 NS NS NS Milk composition (g/kg)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72449", "words": "5503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti; Aimonen, Erkki", "title": "Evaluation of undehydrated barley feed fractions and dried oat feed fractions from integrated starch-ethanol process in diets of growing pigs", "date": "1992", "keywords": "barley; diet; digestibility; feed; fibre; fractions; oat; pigs; process; protein", "summary": "BP showed higher protein digestibility than DS (0.931 vs. 0.857) and pigs on BP-diet retained more N than on DS-diet. BP showed higher protein digestibility than DS but organic matter and ether extract digest- ibilities were quite similar in both protein sources.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72450", "words": "2105", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kentt\u00e4mies, Hilkka; K\u00e4yhk\u00f6, Harri", "title": "Repeatability of subjective grading in fur animals I. Grading of live foxes (Vulpes vulpes)", "date": "1992", "keywords": "appearance; body; colour; foxes; grading; sample; size", "summary": "Colour tended to be easier to judge than body size or general appearance. The coefficients of repeatability were 0.74 for colour, 0.55 for body size and 0.57 for general appearance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72451", "words": "2567", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Kentt\u00e4mies, Hilkka; Smeds, Kerstin", "title": "Repeatability of subjective grading in fur animals II. Grading of mink and blue fox pelts", "date": "1992", "keywords": "foxes; grading; judges; minks; pelt; traits", "summary": "Mink pelts appeared to be more difficult to grade than blue fox pelts. Repeatabilities of grading It appeared to be more difficult to grade mink pelts than blue fox pelts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72452", "words": "3926", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kentt\u00e4mies, Hilkka; Smeds, Kerstin", "title": "Repeatability of subjective grading in fur animals III. Grading of live blue foxes in different environmental conditions", "date": "1992", "keywords": "cages; daylight; density; foxes; grading; judge; traits", "summary": "Therefore it can be stated that not even a trained judge is capable of evaluating live blue fox fur as reliably as theirpelts. Grading of live blue foxes in different environmental conditions Hilkka Kentt\u00e4mies and Kerstin Smeds Kentt\u00e4mies, H. & Smeds, K. 1992.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72453", "words": "10602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Jain, S. Mohan; Oker-Blom, Christian; Pehu, Eija; Newton, R. J.", "title": "Genetic engineering: An additional tool for plant improvement", "date": "1992", "keywords": "agrobacterium; antisense; appi; biol; biotech; cell; crop; dna; et al; expression; gene; insect; markers; mol; pcr; plant; protein; resistance; rflp; rna; sci; theor; tobacco; transfer; transformation; transgenic; virus", "summary": "1985,Shah et al. 1986, Stalker et al. 1988; Stre- ber and Willmitzer 1989,D\u2019Halluin et al. 1992), isopentyl transferase (Smigocki and Owens 1988), insect resistance from B. thuringiensis (Vaeck et al. 1987,Delannay et al. 1989,Perlak et al. 1990, Cheng et al. 1992), insect pest resistance due to cowpea trypsin inhibitors coding for proteinase inhibitors (Hilder et al. 1987, 1989), fungal pro- tection (Logemann et al. 1992), virus coat protein (Beachy et al. 1990, Powell et al. 1986, 1989, 1990, Kawchuk et al. 1990, Kallerhoff et al. 1990,Ehlers et al. 1991, Gielen et al. 1991), pol- len development (Mariani et al. 1990), phaseolin gene (Chee et al. 1986, Sengupta-Gopalan et al. 1985), methionine-rich seed protein from Brazil nut (Altenbach et al. 1992), yeast ornithine de- carboxylase gene for increasing plant secondary product nicotine (Hamill et al. 1990 a), chalcone synthase gene (Doernhr et al. 1990) and cold res- istance (Kurkela and Franck 1990). Potential for exploiting plant genes to genetically engineer insect resistance, exemplified by the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72454", "words": "4319", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Ahokas, Hannu; Erkkil\u00e4, Maria J.", "title": "Barley \u03b2-amylase and \u03b2-glucanase activities at germination in vulgare-type lines from backcrosses of wild, spontaneum strains with cv. Adorra", "date": "1992", "keywords": "activity; agric; ahokas; amylase; barley; glucanase; grain; protein; spontaneum", "summary": "The high protein contents of wild barleys seemingly lower the activities when calculated for protein and compared with domesticated barley which has some 50% of the protein content of wild barley (Table 1). Formation of proteinase inhibitors in deve- loping barley grain.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72455", "words": "38356", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Tuori, Mikko", "title": "Rapeseed meal as a supplementary protein for dairy cows on grass silage-based diet, with the emphasis on the Nordic AAT-PBV feed protein evaluation system", "date": "1992", "keywords": "aat; acid; agric; amino; anim; bag; concentrate; cows; crude; dairy; dairy cows; degradation; diet; digestibility; effect; energy; et al; experiment; feed protein; feeding; feeds; finl; glucosinolates; goitrin; grass; hay; heat; intake; low; microbial; milk; milk production; milk protein; milk yield; nitrogen; oil; pbv; production; protein; protein content; protein yield; rapeseed; rapeseed meal; rsm; rumen; sbm; sci; sei; silage; system; table; total; treatment; utilization; value; yield", "summary": "The change in milk protein content was 0.07 g/kg per 1 MJ ME. Rapeseed protein 380 2.1.2.4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72456", "words": "9807", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Aronen, Ilmo; Toivonen, Vesa; Ketoja, Elise; \u00d6fversten, Jukka", "title": "Beef production as influenced by stage of maturity of grass for silage and level and type of supplementary concentrates", "date": "1992", "keywords": "brsm; bulls; concentrate; cut; diet; digestibility; effect; experiment; feeding; grass; grass silage; intake; level; protein; silage; stage", "summary": "This difference dimin- ished in the course of the experiment (p<o.ool for stage of cut * period interaction), which reflects the changes in grass silage intake as well as the changes in chemical composition and digestibility of the silages. The difference in grass silage intake between the animals receiving silages cut at different stages of maturity decreased during the experiment, which was obviously related to the changes in digestibility and fermentation quality of the two grass silages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72457", "words": "3830", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth and root colonization of ten strawberry cultivars", "date": "1992", "keywords": "colonization; cultivars; growth; infection; mycorrhizal; plant; root; strawberry; vam", "summary": "Key words: VAM, strawberry cultivar, growth response, colonization, mycorrhizal dependency Introduction The variation in response of different plant species to vesicuiar-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infec- tion is well documented (Powell 1986). However, the MD of a host can be altered by a number offactors such as soil type, soil phosphorus content, mycorrhizal species, etc. (MENGEetaI. 1978,Azcon & Ocampo 1981).This was also demonstrated in the present study, where the MD index for strawberry cultivars varied con- siderably when calculated for the most or for the least efficient VAM strain.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72458", "words": "4810", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Effects of grinding, pelleting and expanding on nutritive value of barley in pig diets", "date": "1992", "keywords": "barley; digestibility; effect; feed; grinding; hammer; pelleting; pigs; protein", "summary": "In contrast to this, the daily gain was slightly inferior in pigs fed expanded barley compared to untreated ones. Effects of grinding, pelleting and expanding on nutritive value of barley in pig diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72459", "words": "2394", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Alaviuhkola, Timo; Suomi, Kaija; Schulman, Axel", "title": "Effect of dietary vitamin A level on performance, vitamin A content in the liver and leg weakness of growing finishing pigs", "date": "1992", "keywords": "content; feed; level; liver; piglets; pigs; vitamin", "summary": "The same basic mixture, consisting of barley and commercial protein concentrate with all minerals and vitamins except vitamin A, was used in feeding ofall the piglets. A histological examination of leg joints did not reveal an increased fre- quency of osteochondrosis in pigs fed with a high level ofvitamin A. Growing finishing pigs, having adequate liver stores of vitamin A at 25 kg of live weight, grew without showing any visible signs of deficiency up to 100 kg weight with no vitaminA additions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72460", "words": "3234", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Saastamoinen, Markku; Juusela, Johanna", "title": "Influence of dietary supplementation on serum vitamin A and D concentrations and their seasonal variation in horses", "date": "1992", "keywords": "concentrations; horses; retinol; serum; supplementation; vitamin", "summary": "Vitamin D 3 is synthetized in the skin (Webb and Holick 1988). The synthesis of vitamin D 3 in the skin depends on season of the year, geographical latitude and intensity of sunlight (Nutrition Reviews 1989).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72461", "words": "3925", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Rouvinen, Kirsti; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Jaakko; Kiiskinen, Tuomo; Nummela, Seppo", "title": "Accumulation of dietary fish fatty acids in the body fat reserves of some carnivorous fur-bearing animals", "date": "1992", "keywords": "acids; animals; composition; diet; fat; fatty; fish; heart; liver; mink; o.ool; oil; raccoon; rouvinen", "summary": "In blue and silver foxes, feeding an abundance of fish fat is known to cause prominent accumulation of the typical fish fatty acids, i.e. cetoleic (C22: Icol 1), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5c03) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22:6c03) acids, in their subcutaneous fat, liver tissue and 483 Agric. differences between the individual fish fatty acids in their affinity to certain fat depots in different species were observed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72462", "words": "2976", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Tedla, Abate; Airaksinen, Helena; Mohamed-Saleem, M. A. ", "title": "Effect of seedbed methods and time of harvest on the yield and nutritive value of some forage crops grown on Vertisol at Debre Zeit, Ethiopia", "date": "1992", "keywords": "bbf; crops; forage; lablab; matter; season; seedbed; unguiculata; vigna; yield", "summary": "Dry matter yield of forage crops also increased with advance in stage of maturity or subsequent harvests. On both improved and traditional flat seedbed methods, the chemical analysis of forage crops showed similar declines in crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) levels as the maturity of forage crops progressed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72463", "words": "3967", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Peltonen, Jari; Sontag-Strohm, Tuula", "title": "Genotypic differences of storage proteins in four Scandinavian spring wheat cultivars during seed development", "date": "1992", "keywords": "agric; cultivars; ear; filling; grain; hmwg; kadett; protein; quality; weight; wheat; yield", "summary": "Analysis by revers- ed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of changes in high molecural weight subunit composition of wheat storage proteins during germination. Therefore, synthesis and accumulation of the HMWG component is obviously requlated by genes which are associated with the quantity of grain protein concentration (Law and Payne 1983).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72464", "words": "5214", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Peltonen, Jari", "title": "Plant tissue tests for predicting nitrogen fertilizer requirements in spring wheat", "date": "1992", "keywords": "concentration; et al; fertilizer; grain; nitrogen; plant; protein; sci; soil; tissue; wheat; yield", "summary": "This review article examined whether the technique of tissue N testing can provide a useful method for optimizing wheat grain yields and pro- tein concentration. Critical N concentrations recommended at anthesis are: 12 g ofN kg' 1 in DM of the whole plant and 23 g of N kg' 1 in DM of the leaves (Peltonen 1992).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72465", "words": "3153", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Heikkil\u00e4, Jari; Tiilikkala, Kari", "title": "Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Behrens (Tylenchida, Heteroderidae), the only potato cyst nematode species found in Finland", "date": "1992", "keywords": "cyst; finland; focusing; globodera; identification; isoelectric; nematode; pallida; potato; rostochiensis; samples; species", "summary": "About 10 000 soil samples, 519 thereof infected with potato cyst nematode (PCN), were studied during 1984-1988. Identification ofpatho- types of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) collected from infected private gardens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72466", "words": "3431", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Pyykk\u00f6nen, Markus", "title": "The use of heated models to describe the thermal environment in shelters for farm animals", "date": "1992", "keywords": "air; air temperature; animal; environment; heat; heat loss; house; loss; model; temperature", "summary": "Key words: heat dissipating model, heat loss, sensible heat loss, dry bulb air temperature Introduction Mathematical animal heat loss models are used in converting the heat loss data obtained in feeding experiments into design values for ventilation engi- neers. The heat loss from animals has been simulated by heat dissipating models.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72467", "words": "6610", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Partanen, Kirsi; Alaviuhkola, Timo; N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Ensiled slaughter offal as a protein source for growing pig", "date": "1992", "keywords": "acid; amino; content; diets; digestibility; eso; meal; offal; pigs; protein; slaughter", "summary": "in urine, g/d 14.8 16,4 18.3 21.2 13,9 16.1 18.3 18.8 0.44 * *** NS NS NS N retained, g/d 10.7 15.2 16.4 22.6 10.3 14.8 19.8 23.2 0.89 NS *** NS NS NS -ofintake 0.310 0.373 0.361 0.411 0.317 0.366 0.417 0.432 0.0139 NS *** NS NS NS -ofabsorbed 0.420 0.480 0.463 0.517 0.424 0.479 0.521 0.548 0.0178 NS *** NS NS NS -g/kgW0' 75 0.52 0.75 0.79 1.13 0.52 0.73 0.97 1.12 0.05 NS *** NS NS NS Urea-N, g/d 11,2 14.6 14.5 17.9 12.9 12.6 15.8 19.4 1.46 NS *** NS NS NS -g/kgW075 0.54 0.72 0.72 0.89 0.65 0.62 0.78 0.97 0.08 NS *** NS NS NS Biological value 0.552 0.584 0.557 0.591 0.558 0.583 0.606 0.623 0.0153 NS*** NS NS NS Weight gain, g/d 464 597 771 758 628 636 957 1007 79.3 * *** NS NS NS ESO = ensiled slaughter offal, Diet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Statistical significance Protein supplement ESO-O ESO-20 ESO-40 ESO-60 SBM-0 SBM-20 SBM-40 SBM-60 SEM Cl C 2 C 3 C 5 C6 CP, g/kg DM 105 125 145 165 105 125 145 165 Dry matter, g/d 2077 2077 1961 2152 1978 2066 2109 2080 56.4 NS NS NS NS NS Organic matter 1978 1971 1855 2029 1884 1963 2000 1971 53.2 NS NS NS NS NS Ash 99 106 106 123 94 103 110 113 3.2 NS *** NS NS NS Crude protein 215 254 277 344 202 252 297 333 8.8 NS *** NS NS NS Crude fat 60 114 155 221 56 63 70 73 7.3 *** *** NS *** NS Crude fibre 85 86 83 92 81 89 96 99 2.3 * *** NS ** NS Nitrogen-free extract 1618 1518 1340 1371 1545 1559 1537 1466 37.6 * *** NS * NS Amino acids, g/d Lysine 8.1 10.0 11.2 14.2 7.6 10.5 13.1 15.4 0.36 * *** NS *NS Methionine 3.6 4.3 4.6 5.7 3.4 4.2 4.9 5.4 0.15 NS *** NS NS NS Cystine 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.8 4.4 5.2 5.9 6.5 0.14 ** *** NS **", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72468", "words": "4936", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Valaja, Jarmo", "title": "The effect of supplementation of liquid and crystalline lysine to barley-distillers solids diet on the performance and carcass quality of pigs", "date": "1992", "keywords": "barley; crystalline; diets; distillers; feed; liquid; lysine; performance; pigs; protein; solids", "summary": "The eye muscle area of the high lysine pigs was significant- ly larger than that of low lysine pigs (p<0.001). There- fore it took on average 9.1 days longer for the pigs on low lysine diets to reach the final weight of 95 kg compared to the pigs on high lysine diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72469", "words": "2808", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Uusi-K\u00e4mpp\u00e4, Jaana; Yl\u00e4ranta, Toivo", "title": "Reduction of sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen transport on vegetated buffer strips", "date": "1992", "keywords": "buffer; nitrogen; phosphorus; plots; solids; spring; strips; vbs", "summary": "Research Note Reduction of sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen transport on vegetated buffer strips Jaana Uusi-K\u00e4mpp\u00e4 and Toivo Yl\u00e4ranta Uusi-K\u00e4mpp\u00e4 J. & Yl\u00e4ranta, T. 1992. Reduction of sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen transport on vegetated buffer strips.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72470", "words": "4875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Soil response to acid input in a titration experiment", "date": "1992", "keywords": "acid; acidification; buffering; cations; complexed; exchange; meq; soil; solution; titration", "summary": "The role of organic matter in regulating the acid- derived changes in soil cations was dependent on the soil pH. In both soils, the acid loading resulted in replacement of the complexed Ca by Al3+ or H + . Aluminum organic matter in acid soils:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72471", "words": "4605", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Koponen, Hilkka; Avikainen, Hanna; Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "The effect of disinfectants on fungi in pure culture and on different surface materials", "date": "1992", "keywords": "desinfektol; disinfectants; forte; fungi; menno; min; ter", "summary": "The easiest fungi to disinfest were Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, B. cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, Mycocentrospora acerina and Phoma foveata. Easily eradicated fungi were Pythium sp., P. foveata, D. bryoniae, B. cine- rea andR. solani, whereasF. oxysporum, P. sclero- tioides and V. dahliae were difficult to eradicate (Table 6).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72472", "words": "2639", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Koponen, Hilkka; Manninen, Merja; Harju, Pirkko; Avikainen, Hanna; Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "The effect of disinfectants on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica on different surface materials", "date": "1992", "keywords": "atroseptica; carotovora subsp; disinfectants; michiganensis subsp; sepedonicus; subsp; surfaces", "summary": "Many chemicals have been recommended for the disinfection of storages, equipment and other sur- faces contamined by C. michiganensis subsp. Secondary infection of C. michiganensis subsp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72606", "words": "3608", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Valaja, Jarmo; N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Nutritive value of wet distillers' solubles for pigs", "date": "1995", "keywords": "agricultural; barley; diets; digestibility; distillers; dsb; pigs; protein; sbm", "summary": "Cl = protein source (DSB diets vs. SBM diets), C 2 = protein level (131 vs. 162 g CP kg ' DM) and C 3 = interaction Cl * C2. intake of the experimental diets was 2406 g/day, being higher for the pigs on SBM diets than for those on DSB diets (pcO.OI; 2435 and 2377 g/ day, respectively), because the number ofobser- vations on the diets was unequal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72607", "words": "3932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Lass\u00e9n, T. Mikael", "title": "Evaluation of conditions for fermentation of fish offal", "date": "1995", "keywords": "acid; bacteria; dextrose; fermentation; inoculum; offal; potential; redox; size", "summary": "Lactic acid production decreased when 10% dextrose was used as a carbohydrate source, which again may be caused by initial suppres- sion of the growth of lactic acid bacteria owing to high osmotic pressure in the raw material (Hassan and Heath 1986).The decline in the lac- tic acid content of samples prepared with less than 10% dextrose, and also in that of samples with a pH below 4.2, in which growth of spoil- age bacteria could be considered to have ceased, may be explained by hydrolysis of fish bone, which neutralizes the silage. Lactic acid fermentation of animal by-prod- ucts can be achieved by adding LAB and fer- mentable carbohydrates to minced animal by- products.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72608", "words": "4171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Lass\u00e9n, T. Mikael", "title": "Lactic acid fermentation of fish offal and chicken by-product with different starter cultures", "date": "1995", "keywords": "acid; chicken; dextrose; fermentation; fish; herring; offal; potential; redox; science", "summary": "Hansen's Lab., A/S, Hprsholm, Den- mark, for providing the starter cultures and for her valua- ble suggestions on which cultures touse, to Mr Matti Laiti- nen of Cultor Ltd, Helsinki, Finland and to Mr Karl-Erik Forsman of FinnEwos Agri, Vaasa, Finland, for assistance with chicken offal fermentation, to Associate Professor Anne-Helene Tauson for constructive criticism, and for her skilful help with statistical analysis, and to Associate Pro- fessor Niels Enggaard Hansen forvaluable suggestions and comments. LA production from 5% dextrose for different LAB cultures (10* colony forming units/g) in silage made from herring and from 5% dextrose and 12% extruded wheatmeal:feathers (2:1)) in silage made from chicken of- fal at 25\u00b0C. 23 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND Lass\u00e9n, T. M.: Lactic acid fermentation offish offal and chicken by-product with different starter cultures also inhibit further growth ofLAB (Baird-Park- er 1980).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72609", "words": "3747", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Lass\u00e9n, T. Mikael", "title": "Biological quality of fermented fish offal and chicken by-products", "date": "1995", "keywords": "acids; amines; amino; biogenic; offal; pmol; quality; storage", "summary": "Biogenic amines were formed from free amino acids by autolytic decarboxylation or decarboxylation by microbi- al enzymes and removed by oxidative deamina- tion or other unidentified pathways. Fast initial and continuous stable fermentation for four weeks resulted in low concentrations of biogenic amines and high concentrations of free amino acids and consequently a high QI.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72610", "words": "6820", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Yl\u00e4ranta, Toivo", "title": "Effect of road traffic on heavy metal concentrations of plants", "date": "1995", "keywords": "cadmium; concentrations; copper; deposition; finland; lead; metal; nickel; plants; plots; road; soil; traffic; yield; zinc", "summary": "Mean dry matter yield (g/plot or pot) and heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg of dry matter) of lettuce at various distances from the roads at Nurmij\u00e4rvi and Jokioinen in 1987. Mean dry matter yield (g/plot or pot) and heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg of dry matter) of spring wheat grain and straw at various distances from the roads at Nurmij\u00e4rvi and Jokioinen in 1987.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72611", "words": "41654", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Pietola, Liisa", "title": "Effect of soil compactness on the growth and quality of carrot", "date": "1995", "keywords": "1989; area; bulk; carrot; clay soil; cm cm; compacted; conditions; content; das; density; depth; dry; effect; field; fig; fine; finland; g cm; growth; irrigation; loosening; mechanical; mull soil; n.s; passes; plant; quality; root; root growth; root length; sampling; sand; size; soil; soil air; soil compaction; soil compactness; soil conditions; soil depth; soil moisture; soil science; soil soil; soil water; surface; tap root; tractor; treatments; weight; wheel", "summary": "These results imply high wetness in soil profiles, especially for the clay and fine sand soils, when treated, which was cru- cial for maximum and more uniform soil com- pressibility. In 1991, after a very cool May and July, the season was warm and carotenes in mull soil carrots almost reached the level report- ed for fine sand.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72612", "words": "64415", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Haapala, Hannu E. S.", "title": "Position Dependent Control (PDC) of plant production", "date": "1995", "keywords": "accuracy; agricultural; areas; changes; control; control system; coordinate; crop; cross; data; dgps; differential; direction; distance; edge; effect; error; et al; fig; finland; function; gps; haapala; information; input; length; level; line; location; management; map; measurement; meters; methods; model; navigation; need; optimum; output; pdc; plant; pls; point; positioning; positioning accuracy; positioning system; production; production system; receiver; reference; requirements; research; resolution; results; sample; sampling; satellite; science; setpoints; simulation; soil; specific; system; table; targeting; test; time; transfer; use; values; variable; variation; vehicle; vol; working; world; yield", "summary": "Besides these there are local satellite positioning systems, e.g. Starfix that operates in the U.S. continent (Ott 1988). Larsson (1990, 79) thinks that sensor development is crucial for the development of crop production systems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72613", "words": "5717", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu; Niemel\u00e4, Paavo", "title": "Comparison of production results between blue foxes housed with and without platforms", "date": "1995", "keywords": "animals; cage; foxes; fur; group; korhonen; mesh; niemel\u00e4; platform; quality; type; use; wire", "summary": "Weight gain from weaning to pelting There were no significant differences in body weight development between groups (Exp. 2), nor did the final body weights (December 21) of the control (N=6o) and platform groups (N=2ol) differ significantly from each other (7.2 \u00b1 0.7 kg vs. 7.2 \u00b1 0.6 kg; mean \u00b1 SD). The more limited space in platform cages may play a role, but at least the present, conventional-sized cages withplat- forms were large enough to provide normal weight development.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72614", "words": "5543", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kemppainen, Erkki", "title": "Leaching and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus from cow slurry and fox manure in a lysimeter trial", "date": "1995", "keywords": "barley; cow; fox; leaching; manure; nitrogen; peat; peat soil; phosphorus; runoff; sand; slurry; soil; total", "summary": "Barley grain yield, kg/haTreatment 1990 1991 1992 Peat soil 8000 6460 4950 Fine sand soil 5750 5020 4130 HSD (P =0.05) 1800 2350 1190 Cow slurry 4720 5230 4290 Fox manure 9030 6250 4800 HSD (P =0.05) 980 1040 90 September 6990 5740 4430 September+Didin 7770 5740 4180 December 5310 5830 4630 May 7440 5660 4930 HSD (P = 0.05) 1130 1060 600 Significant interactions - soil x manure *** manure x spreading ** * Peat Unfert. 1830 5230 4090 NPK 6970 6010 6000 Fine Unfert. 1280 4390 3930 sand NPK 4680 4220 3800 Calculated proportion of manure nitrogen in yield and runoff Substantially higher amounts of manure nitro- gen were found in barley (grain+straw) from peat soil than from fine sand soil (Fig. 6). The proportion of manure nitrogen and phosphorus in the yield and runoff was calculated by first subtracting the Table 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72615", "words": "3650", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ekholm, P\u00e4ivi; Ylinen, Maija; Koivistoinen, Pekka; Varo, Pertti", "title": "Selenium concentration of Finnish foods: Effects of reducing the amount of selenate in fertilizers", "date": "1995", "keywords": "concentrations; fertilizers; finland; intake; level; milk; selenium", "summary": "Although the range of Se concentrations in foodstuffs had re- \u00a9 Agricultural Science in Finland Manuscript received December 1994 377 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN EINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=AJqBMdrDlSCU1Onn.MuNVaLEgz_gm3SqBoCSt9Q.otroVkcuMvAKkemSgmdmgf5-zzeijn6u17A43AatHJpfe970Pni3pXtp6kBC9WqjRvW9rwuGnlRrX9sRneA0B09iwzuxJGDlU8sXU3HLI7c8Y-ovOyRquVhWT5Y41scnpXxOSgAM-5gfwXZaeCMCMYjOSu9e6a6WOziFZ88NtXH5LvDbzMnfIOwvSQpy2mjZf60dAOIb3iZiN6bKD0wd4wMeaQOWUQSSLngTzlxJ-YBk3KFukeeF8rcE-23wvCBMz-fuDtyUMwYigw11XiTNEb2X6Kc8GJeciYqcJb1K7O_PlR4WAq3Q8qG_v6mXFCcocJwMCAo_5OoYAQ Ekholm, P. et al.: Se concentrations have declined in all Finn- ish agricultural products since 1991.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72616", "words": "5896", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "H\u00e4kkinen, Sari; Kokko, Harri; K\u00e4renlampi, Sirpa; Paasisalo, Sirpa", "title": "Sugars and organic acids in clones and cultivars of arctic bramble and hybrid. Sensory evaluation of juices and jellies", "date": "1995", "keywords": "acid; arctic; arcticus; berries; bramble; clones; cultivars; finland; g/100; juices; rubus; sucrose; sugars", "summary": "The sums of malic and citric acid contents (Table 1) were highest in arctic bramble clones 057 (2.4 g/100 g) and 096 (2.1 g/100 g), and low- est in clone 212 (1.0 g/100 g). In our study, organic acid con- tents in arctic bramble cultivars and clones ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 g/100 g, and these results agree well with those ofKallio et", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72617", "words": "4504", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Virkaj\u00e4rvi, Perttu; Matilainen, Kaisa", "title": "Predicting herbage mass of Phleum pratense L. pastures with a disk meter", "date": "1995", "keywords": "disk; grazing; growth; height; herbage; mass; meter", "summary": "A number of studies have indicated good relationship between HM and disk meter readings (e.g. Powell 1974, Castle 1976, Bransby et al. 1977, Griggs and Stringer 1988, Mould 1990). Accuracy of the light disk meter In terms of accuracy of the method or residual deviation, the variation in HM was adequately described as a linear function of DH, although the residuals tended to increase as DH increased (Fig. 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72618", "words": "5936", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Tuomi, Tapani; Rosenqvist, Heikki", "title": "Annual variations in the microflora of some varieties of Finnish malting barley", "date": "1995", "keywords": "bacteria; barley; counts; cultivars; finland; fungi; grain; kymppi; laa; malting; plant; science; species", "summary": "Analysis of lAA The lAA content of barley grain was analysed according to the method described by Tuomi and Rosenqvist (1995). Microbes on barley grains.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72619", "words": "4199", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Tahvonen, Risto; Hannukkala, Asko; Avikainen, Hanna", "title": "Effect of seed dressing treatment of Streptomyces griseoviridis on barley and spring wheat in field experiments", "date": "1995", "keywords": "barley; control; crop; experiments; finland; root; seed; soil; streptomyces; treatment; wheat; yield", "summary": "In experi- ments in which seed naturally infested with Fusarium spp. was used, seed treatment with 5. griseo- viridis increased yields of wheat but not those of barley. Biocontrol agent and seed treatments The S. griseoviridis used as a biocontrol agent in all studies was originally isolated from Finn- ish peat (Tahvonen 1982).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72620", "words": "6201", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Leila; Jalli, Heikki; Kontturi, Markku; Hakkola, Heikki; Kangas, Arjo; Simojoki, Paavo", "title": "Benefit of using plant growth regulators in fodder barley", "date": "1995", "keywords": "1985; agricultural; barley; ccc; ethephon; finland; growth; lodging; mepiquat; plant; treatments; yield", "summary": "The objectives of this study were to develop a method for predicting lodging at early stages of barley growth, to examine the effect of PGRs on preventing lodging, and on yield and yield components of early spring barley cultivars in different environments. Profitability of using PGRs The profitability of growth regulator treatments depended on the amount, quality and price of the grain yield and the price of the PGR used.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72621", "words": "7582", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Alakukku, Laura; Elonen, Paavo", "title": "Cumulative compaction of a clay loam soil by annually repeated field traffic in autumn", "date": "1995", "keywords": "agricultural; autumn; axle; clay; compaction; depth; kpa; loading; pressure; soil; subsoil; traffic; trailer; tyres; yield", "summary": "On average, soil compaction reduced barley yield by 5% and nitrogen uptake by 7%. Repeated field traffic does not, how- ever, always increase soil compaction cumula- tively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72622", "words": "5069", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Uimari, Pekka; M\u00e4ntysaari, Esa A.", "title": "Relationship between bull dam herd characteristics and bias in estimated breeding value of bull", "date": "1995", "keywords": "bias; bull; dam; ebv; herd; lactation; pedigree; production; year", "summary": "However, the correlation less than 1.00 between EBVs of bull dams indicates that the reduction in bull dam EBVs has not been con- stant for all bull dams. Size of the herd and the standard deviation of production in the herd when bull dam produced its third lactation were correlated with the empirical bias in pedigree index.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72623", "words": "3054", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Varis, Anna-Liisa", "title": "Abundance, species composition and daily pattern of bees visiting field bean, goat\u2019s rue and turnip rape in southern Finland", "date": "1995", "keywords": "bean; field; finland; goat; honeybees; rape; rue; turnip", "summary": "Abundance, species composition and daily pattern of bees visiting field bean, goat\u2019s rue and turnip rape in southern Finland Anna-Liisa Varis Department ofApplied Zoology, P.0.80x 27, FIN-00014 University ofHelsinki, Finland Visits of honeybees(Apis mellifera L.) and bumblebees (Bombas spp.) to flowers of field bean (Vida faba L.), goat\u2019s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72624", "words": "8516", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Nissinen, Oiva; Hakkola, Heikki", "title": "Effects of plant species and harvesting system on grassland production in northern Finland", "date": "1995", "keywords": "clover; fescue; grass; meadow; meadow fescue; pasture; plant; protein; red; rovaniemi; ruukki; silage; species; swards; timothy; yields", "summary": "Meadow grass, too endures many harvests dur- ing the growing period better than timothy (Gr\u00f6nner\u00f6d 1972, Landstr\u00f6m 1978). The yield of meadow grass has not markedly decreased with an increase in age (Landstr\u00f6m 1978, Hagsand and Landstr\u00f6m 1984).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72625", "words": "3906", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Peltonen, Jari; Virtanen, Ari; Helenius, Jaakko; Suopelto, Juha; Kiltil\u00e4, Kari; Eloranta, Esko", "title": "Determination of barley nitrogen status with chlorophyll meter for high \u03b2-amylase in grains", "date": "1995", "keywords": "activity; amylase; amylase activity; barley; chlorophyll; concentration; grain; protein; spad; values; yield", "summary": "According to the res- ults of this study it can be stated that the critical SPAD values at pollination (i.e. pollen grains on well-developed stigmatic hairs, GS 52-58) are 37 SPAD units for grain yield and 41 SPAD units for P-amylase activity. Key words: P-amylase activity, grain protein concentration, grain yield, chlorophyll content, plant tissue N status ntroduction P-amylase is an importantbarley (Hordeum vul- g\u00e4re L.) protein, determining the technical qual- ity of starch used for various industrial process- es in Finland (Helenius 1992).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72626", "words": "4640", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Yao, Yingmou", "title": "Micropropagation of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)", "date": "1995", "keywords": "bap; buckthorn; culture; hippophae; media; medium; multiplication; sea; shoot; wpm", "summary": "Effects of BAP(6-benzylaminopurine) concentra- tion on multiplication of sea buckthorn shoot tip cultures in WPM (woody plant medium) medium during the multi- plication stage (N=2l, results after 30 days of culture). Crushed root nodules collected from sea buckthorn plants were diluted with tap wa- ter and mixed withpeat before the plantlets were transferred to secure fast and even root nodula- tion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72627", "words": "3081", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Guo, Yang-Dong; Pulli, Seppo", "title": "In vitro pollen culture and the regeneration of Brassica campestris L. plants", "date": "1995", "keywords": "brassica; campestris; charcoal; culture; embryos; microspore; plants; pollen", "summary": "Plant cell culture. Pollen culture techniques for haploid production have been developed, but B. campestris is relatively recalcitrant in pollen culture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72635", "words": "3835", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Suomi, Kaija; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Valaja, Jarmo; Kankare, Veikko; Kemppinen, Asmo", "title": "Effects of milk fat, unhydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on fat metabolism of growing pigs: I. Growth, feed utilization and carcass quality in pigs fed different fats and oils", "date": "1993", "keywords": "acid; fat; fats; fatty; hso; oil; pigs; sunflower; vegetable", "summary": "The inclusion of high levels of animal fat (technical pig fat) into the diets also increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid and linoleic acid in the body fat (Madsen 1983). Finl. 2 (1993) https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=KGDpmAuZWrrRg85N.gVqR2nSeOnYOqKuCwwDegA.4FmHN75PRtsvlOvsEWVjVLBmfs3zAq1q0IyJEwXiFiWo3cy7Ka6a-uCNczdcgzwGy0ZquxP-_u3JWPaaVFdrBZ-62y7AeWtk9c6cB-GQmEzgDgdNsOUQmPYBCHnhXP2--crGI5mOTn2J6X_09xmWryJtdylXiD9ZSXW32pbCOxM9wKIB6jlKVF-sEo-Yq1FtoBsht1jGXdkrf4I1KRM1t8RV13SYs00hhWo6P2F-KIS_Hj3F_YD7eBUQVpc-Zzv7hAAv5gAYelOPFQhb_VUYqCxRdsNVB-AtUCZebF-c5dnHRJZr5Uvz-RINm3a9Yio2NiL5E2cRPSH4oyTj9nuoTrLseiw without the addition of dietary fat on a barley based diet because of the 2% fat content of barley, 60% is in the form of linoleic acid (Madsen 1983).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72636", "words": "4526", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kemppinen, Asmo; Jauhiainen, Matti; Kankare, Veikko; Valaja, Jarmo; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Aro, Antti; Antila, Pirkko", "title": "Effects of milk fat, unhydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on fat metabolism of growing pigs: II. Changes in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels", "date": "1993", "keywords": "cholesterol; fat; fats; fatty; levels; oil; pigs; serum; sunflower", "summary": "In the experiments carried out by Hartog et al. (1987) with lard, and by Faidley et al. (1990) with tallow as the feed fat showed no increase in total cholesterol levels. However, the elevations of total cholesterol levels induced by milk fat were moderate compared to the findings ofKim et al. (1989), which was obviously due to the lower dietary cholesterol intake used in our study.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72637", "words": "4400", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Saastamoinen, Markku", "title": "Feed, energy and protein intakes of horses - A review of Finnish feeding trials ", "date": "1993", "keywords": "energy; et al; ffu; horses; intake; riding; saastamoinen; work", "summary": "The energy consumption for one hour of work by Finnhorse riding horses was about 25% lower than the energy required by Finnhorse trotters. Riding horses were used mainly in education or they were trained for low-level competitions (e.g. dressage in ele- mentary classes: 100-110 cm obstacles).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72638", "words": "4055", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Valkonen, Jari; M\u00e4k\u00e4r\u00e4inen, Eerik", "title": "Symptom expression and accumulation of potato virus Y (PVYO) and potato leaf roll virus in thirteen potato cultivars", "date": "1993", "keywords": "cultivars; hjan; leaf; plants; plrv; potato; pvy; resistance; siikli; symptoms; virus", "summary": "Symptom expression and accumulation of potato virus Y (PVY\u00b0) and potato leaf roll virus in thirteen potato cultivars JariValkonen and Eerik M\u00e4k\u00e4r\u00e4inen Valkonen, J. & M\u00e4k\u00e4r\u00e4inen, E. 1993. Symptom expression and accumulation of potato virus Y (PVY\u00b0) and potato leaf roll virus in thirteen potato cultivars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72639", "words": "4035", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Valkonen, Jari P. T.", "title": "Three strains of bean yellow mosaic virus: symptoms and accumulation in eight pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L.)", "date": "1993", "keywords": "bean; bymv; cultivars; isolates; mosaic; pea; plants; symptoms; virus; yellow", "summary": "On the other hand, BYMV-G differed from the other two BYMV isolates by its milder symptoms in most of the test plant species, and also serologically, as has been reported previously for other BYMV isolates (JONES and Diachun 1977). The concentration of BYMV-G was clearly increased, whereas the concentrationofBYMV-Ps was slightly depressed, in pea plants grown in the higher glasshouse tempe- ratures compared to plants grown in the cool screenhouse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72640", "words": "4202", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Valaja, Jarmo; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Suomi, Kaija", "title": "Reducing crude protein content with supplementation of synthetic lysine and threonine in barley - rapeseed meal - pea diets for growing pigs", "date": "1993", "keywords": "acids; amino; carcass; content; diets; lysine; nitrogen; pigs; protein", "summary": "Reducing crude protein content with supplementation of synthetic lysine and threonine in barley - rapeseed meal - pea diets for growing pigs Jarmo Valaja, Timo Alaviuhkola and Kaija Suomi Valaja, J., Alaviuhkola, T. & Suomi, K. 1993. Reducing crude protein content with supplementation of synthetic lysine and threonine in barley - rapeseed meal - pea diets for growing pigs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72641", "words": "3538", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Inborr, Johan; Gr\u00f6nlund, Anne", "title": "Stability of feed enzymes in physiological conditions assayed by in vitro methods", "date": "1993", "keywords": "activity; enzyme; feed; gluten; incubation; pepsin; xylanase; xylosidase", "summary": "Incubation with pancreatin tended to further reduce enzyme activity, except the activity of P-xylosidase when gluten was added. p-glucanase activity of Avizyme SX\u00ae decreased to 42% (P<0.05) of the initial valueafter incubation in pepsin with pH kept at 2.5 by addition of hydro- chloric acid and was further reduced to 36% after incubation in pancreatin (Table 2). Research Note Stability of feed enzymes in physiological conditions assayed by in vitro methods Johan Inborr and Anne Gr\u00f6nlund Inborr, J. & Gr\u00f6nlund, A. 1993.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72642", "words": "2901", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Pihlanto-Lepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Anne; Pahkala, Eero; Kahala, Minna; Antila, Veijo", "title": "Hydrolysis of \u03b1s2-casein in solution by chymosin, plasmin, trypsin and Lactobacillus-proteinases", "date": "1993", "keywords": "casein; hydrolysis; pahkala; peptides; plasmin; trypsin", "summary": "2. Peptide profile of Os2-casein after hydrolysis by plas- min(E:S = 1:200) for4 (A) and 24 (B) hours. Proteinases in normal bovine milk and their action on caseins.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72643", "words": "3960", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Raimo; Sippola, Jouko", "title": "Micronutrient concentration of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) grown on different soils in a pot experiment", "date": "1993", "keywords": "clay; cobalt; concentration; copper; correlation; extractable; harvest; micronutrient; molybdenum; ryegrass; silt; soil", "summary": "Molybdenum The molybdenum concentration of ryegrass correl- ated highly significantly with soil concentrations in the groups of clay and organic soils, but no correla- tion was observed in groups of finesand and silt soils in the first harvest. Manganese The manganese concentration of ryegrass correl- ated with soil extractable concentrations in all soil groups exept for silt soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72644", "words": "6269", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kurppa, Sirpa; Ollula, Antti", "title": "Optimizing insect pest control and nitrogen fertilizing of the summer turnip rape (Brassica campestris sutiva)", "date": "1993", "keywords": "beetle; blossom; fertilizer; jokioinen; nitrogen; plant; rape; site; summer; trial; turnip", "summary": "Daebeler 1986, Vietinghoff and Daebeler 1986), but the difference is mainly due to varying growth densities of summer turnip rape plant stands. Discussion Current guidelines for cultivating turnip rape in- clude a recommendation for relatively high levels of nitrogen fertilizer, compared with the results obtained in summer rape trials in Denmark (cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72645", "words": "4203", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Avikainen, Hanna; Koponen, Hilkka; Meinander, Beata; Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "The phytotoxicity of disinfectants and their effect at different temperatures", "date": "1993", "keywords": "cucumber; damage; disinfectants; disinfection; growth; lettuce; menno; peat; phytotoxicity; seedlings", "summary": "The effect of disinfection ofplastic growth pots on the fresh weight of cucumber seedlings grown on peat substrate. The results of temperature trials were calculated as efficiency percentages, i.e. as the proportion of healthy pieces of all pieces.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72646", "words": "4758", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Koponen, Hilkka; Avikainen, Hanna; Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "The effect of disinfectants on fungal diseases of potato and vegetables", "date": "1993", "keywords": "disinfectants; disinfection; effect; formaline; forte; lobac; menno; min; peat; solani; ter; virkon; water", "summary": "In this and other studies (Sundheim 1991), for- maline was effective against Rhizoctonia solani mixed in peat after a treatment of 60 min. Also Virkon S was effective against the fungus and it was equal to formaline in disinfecting R. solani from peat but in disinfecting plastic pots Virkon S was ineffective against R. solani. Tut- kittavat valmisteet olivat formaliini (formaldehydi), lobac P (jodi), Ipasept, Menno-Ter-forte ja Sanisept ja Taloset (kvar- taarisia ammoniumyhdisteit\u00e4), Korsolin (glutaraldehydi), nat- riumhypokloriitti (aktiivinen kloori) jaVirkon S (kaliumper- oksisulfaatti).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72647", "words": "4648", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Avikainen, Hanna; Koponen, Hilkka; Tahvonen, Risto", "title": "The effect of disinfectants on fungal diseases of cucumber", "date": "1993", "keywords": "dahliae; disinfectants; effect; formaline; forte; menno; peat; pythium; ter; trial; virkon", "summary": "Formaline, lobac P, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Korsolin and Menno-Ter-forte were effective disinfectants in the control of damping-off (Pythium sp.) from peat substrate. The effect of concentration and disinfection time on Pythium sp. in peat debris.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72648", "words": "2696", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Lemmetty, Anne; Lindqvist, Isa", "title": "Thrips tabaci (Lind.) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), another vector for tomato spotted wilt virus in Finland", "date": "1993", "keywords": "absorbance; asters; cage; china; tabaci; thrips; tomato; tswv; virus", "summary": "2. TSWV absorbance values of china asters after exposure to TSWV transmission by T. tabaci for 25 days (cage 1) and 24 days (cages 2 and 3). Values were recorded after plants had been exposed to TSWV transmission by T. tabaci for 19 and 25 days.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72649", "words": "48094", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Plant-availability of soil and fertilizer zinc in cultivated soils of Finland", "date": "1993", "keywords": "acid; agric; carex; clay; clay soils; content; crop; edta; effect; experiments; extraction; field; fine; j. soil; matter; mean; mg dm; mg kg; mg soil; mg zn; mineral soils; mull; n.d; npk; organic; peat soils; plant zn; pot; pyrophosphate; results; sand; sei; soil class; soil ph; soil samples; soil sci; soil zn; soils; table; zinc; zn application; zn concentration; zn content; zn fertilization; zn fertilizers; zn ha; zn ox; zn rates; zn reserves; zn uptake; znac; znpy; znpy zn; zntot", "summary": "Therefore, this method was applied also to the present surface soil material, and relationships between Zn extracted by AAAc-EDTA (ZnAc) and chemically more specific fractions of soil Zn were investigated. 1 Soil Zn\u201e Zn AAAc Zn Ac Zn DTPA HSD00, 18 Zn+ 1.42 3.74' 9.40\u00bb 5.82b 0.47 Zn- 0.29' 0.68 2.07\u00bb 0.91 b 0.35 Difference 1.13 (12%) 3.06 (34%) 7.33 (81%) 4.91 (54%) 34 Zn+ 7.26' 8.37 10.65\u00bb 8.04' 0.97 Zn- 1.90b 1.99 2.95\u00bb 1.93 0.29 Difference 5.36 (59%) 6.38 (70%) 7.70 (85%) 6.11 (67%) 78 Zn+ 4.04' 4.65' 11.75\u00bb 8.29b 1.06 Zn- 0.94' I.oB' 3.46\u00bb 1.79 0.48 Difference 3.10 (34%) 3.57 (39%) 8.29 (92%) 6.50 (72%) 104 Zn+ 4.76 4.18 b 10.66\u00bb 10.42\u00bb 0.83 Zn- 1.00 0.95b 3.34\u00bb 3.70\u00bb 0.54 Difference 3.76 (42%) 3.24 (36%) 7.32 (81%) 6.72 (74%) 1 In each soil, the results of the samples incubated with and without added Zn were tested separately for each extraction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72650", "words": "4093", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Posch, Maximilian; Rekolainen, Seppo", "title": "Erosivity factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation estimated from Finnish rainfall data", "date": "1993", "keywords": "data; erosivity; fig; finland; loss; parameters; rainfall; soil; stations; values", "summary": "Since breakpoint rainfall data is not always avail- able, Lombardi (1979) (see also Richardson et al. 1983) presented a simple power-law linking daily precipitation amount z and rainfall erosivity El: (5) EI =azb In the USLE El has to be in units of (100 ft- tonsf/acre)(in/h), and values of a=B.o and b= 1.51 were derived by regression analysis from 2700 data points from the United States, and these values are also coded in the CREAMS model. Continuous rainfall data recorded for many years at 8 stations in Finland were used to estimate rainfall erosivity, a quantity needed for soil loss predictions with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72651", "words": "5447", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Yl\u00e4ranta, Toivo; Uusi-K\u00e4mpp\u00e4, Jaana; Jaakkola, Antti", "title": "Leaching of nitrogen in barley, grass ley and fallow lysimeters", "date": "1993", "keywords": "barley; experiment; fallow; fertilizer; grass; leaching; lysimeters; nitrate; nitrogen; peat; soil; water", "summary": "Crops decreased effectively nitrogen leaching, grass more than barley. The mechanism of nitrogen leaching seems to be complicated, because only a minor part of leached nitrogen comes from the fertilizer.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72652", "words": "5143", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Galambosi, Bertalan; Svoboda, Katerina P.; Deans, Stanley G.; Hethelyi, Eva", "title": "Agronomical and phytochemical investigation of Hyssopus officinalis", "date": "1993", "keywords": "blue; finland; hyssop; hyssopus; officinalis; oil; plants; seed; table; varieties; weight; white; year; yield", "summary": "Azob hyssop hyssop hyssop hyssop hyssop Total fresh (kg/m! ) 1 year old 1.12 1.57 0.51 1.24 1.94 2 year old 1.58 1.73 1.14 2.16 2.77 3 year old 2.23 2.22 1.37 2.52 3.24 Dry leaf (kg/m2 ) 1 year old 0.16 0.18 0.06 0.14 0.26 2 year old 0.21 0.19 0.16 0.22 0.30 3 year old 0.26 0.25 0.19 0.25 0.36 Herb yield The results of the plant weights presented in Table 2 show significant variability between the sources. These facts could partially explain the variability of individual oil components Table 8, Antibacterial properties of hyssop volatile oil (inhibition zone diameter in mm; diameter of well, 4 mm, included).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72653", "words": "3543", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Tanhuanp\u00e4\u00e4, Pirjo; Vilkki, Johanna; Vilkki, Juha; Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Genetic polymorphism at RAPD loci in spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera)", "date": "1993", "keywords": "cultivars; dna; fragments; individuals; markers; method; polymorphism; primer; rapd; samples", "summary": "It was concluded that RAPD markers provide a fast and reliable method for analyzing individuals and cultivars of turnip rape. Key words: RAPD markers, PCR, cultivar identification Introduction Polymorphism is expressed at different taxonomic levels ranging from individuals to cultivars and species, and is exploited widely in plant breeding.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72654", "words": "9667", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "H\u00f6mm\u00f6, Leena; Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Winterhardiness of some winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), rye (Secale cereale), triticale (x Triticosecale) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars tested at six locations in Finland", "date": "1993", "keywords": "differences; finland; group; growth; jokioinen; mould; results; rye; snow; survival; table; trials; triticale; varieties; winter; winter barley; winter survival; winter wheat", "summary": "The negative but not significant correlation be- tween survival percentage and growth habit, and the highly significant positive correlation between amount of snow mould damage and erect growth habit of winter wheat varieties indicates that pros- trate growth habit might be more beneficial for the winter survival of winter wheat (Table 5). The variation was greater among winter wheat and winter barley varieties than among the rye and triticale varieties (Fig. 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72655", "words": "3055", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pekkala, Tiina", "title": "Numeric codes for developmental stages of oat apex in the growing conditions of Southern Finland", "date": "1993", "keywords": "agric; apex; barley; cdd; codes; development; finland; oat; oats; stages", "summary": "Numeric codes for developmental stages of oat apex in the growing conditions of Southern Finland Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio and Tiina Pekkala Peltonen-Sainio, P. & Pekkala, T. 1993.Numeric codes for developmental stages of oat apex in the growing conditions of Southern Finland. Daylength markedly affects the rate of apex organogenesis and, hence, numeric codes for developmental stages of apices introduced for lower latitudes cannot be used in Finland without modifying them into a ratio scale.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72656", "words": "4004", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4-Kurtto, Ritva; Ervi\u00f6, Raimo; Sippola, Jouko", "title": "Macro- and microelement concentrations of Finnish timothy in 1974 and 1987", "date": "1993", "keywords": "agric; concentrations; ervi\u00f6; finland; mean; mineral; plants; samples; soils; timothy", "summary": "Means and ranges of mineral element concentrations of timothy samples (n = 403) in 1987 and mean differences from 1974. Harmful elements Between 1974 and 1987, there were no changes in the mean A 1 and Ni concentrations of timothy samples (Table 2) or soil samples (Ervi\u00f6 et al. 1990).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72657", "words": "4001", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Harju, Pirkko; Kankila, Jyrki", "title": "Erwinia carotovora contamination of Finnish seed potatoes and the prevalence of bacterial subspecies and serogroups", "date": "1993", "keywords": "blackleg; carotovora; contamination; eca; erwinia; finland; isolates; potato; seed; serogroup; stem; stocks", "summary": "Serogroups of Erwinia carotovora potato strains determined with dif- fusible somatic antigens. I 1983 281 312 90 1984 597 650 92 1985 193 346 56 1987 102 111 92 1988 74 85 87 33 45 73 Total 1054 1158 91.0 226 391 57.8 Discussion Recontamination of healthy seed potato stocks with E. carotovora occurred typically during the second field propagation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72658", "words": "1495", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Peltonen, Jari", "title": "Partitioning of injuries caused by winter, fungal diseases and viral infections in cereals", "date": "1993", "keywords": "grain; nelson; spring; wheat; winter; yield", "summary": "Grain yield ofa cultivar was expressed as a yield percentage (Yj/Ymax x 100) where Yi stands for actual grain yields of a cultivar obtained in 1982-88 and Ymax is the highest grain yield of a cultivar obtained in 1982-1988. However, foliar diseases like Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici had a deleterious effect on grain yield of spring wheat and the prognoses on yield with the dynamic model failed (Teittinen et al. 1993).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72659", "words": "4123", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Lucey, J. A.; Gorry, C.; Fox, P. F.", "title": "Rennet coagulation properties of heated milk", "date": "1993", "keywords": "coagulation; dairy; heated; milk; rennet", "summary": "Van Hooydonk et al. (1987) found that acidifi- cation of heated milk to pH values > 5.5, followed immediately by neutralization, had little effect on therenneting properties of heated milks but storage of milk samples for 24 h at pH 5.5 before neutral- ization improved rennet coagulability. Acidification to pH values < 6.2 or addition of low concentrations of CaCh greatly improved the rennet coagulation properties of heated milk.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72660", "words": "5112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Kiiskinen, Tuomo; Hakatie, Hilkka", "title": "Effects of a short laying rest on postrest egg production and egg quality", "date": "1993", "keywords": "egg; eggs; hens; laying; period; production; quality; rest; shell; trial", "summary": "[^C H * * NS NS NS NS NS NS T x H NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS \u00bb See Table 2. [\\jg 78.7 1.0753 2.65 7.5 76.9 1.0793 2.60 7.5 61.6 1.0804 2.79 6.7 72.4 1.0783 2.68 7.2 0.88 0.00062 0.043 0.66 IB Mean SEM Significance of F-value T H ** NS \u2022* NS *\u2022* *** NS NS \u00bb NS NS NS *** *** NS NS NS NS * NST x H NS NS NS Significances: NS = non-significant, * = P < 0.05, ** C = control, WB = whole-grain barley, F = fast P<o.ol, = P< 0.001 442 Agric.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72661", "words": "3099", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Salminen, Kari", "title": "The fall of the traditional lipid hypothesis", "date": "1993", "keywords": "acids; blood; chd; cholesterol; fatty; finnish; mortality; recommendation", "summary": "The curve illustrating the relationship between blood serum cholesterol level and mortality is U-shaped (Fig. 1). The authors of the SII Mobile Clinic Survey write about blood serum cholesterol levels in the Finns as follows: Optimum values in men appeared to be roughly between 5 and 7 mmol/1, and in women between 6 and 9 mmol/1. One-sided Finnish recommendation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72662", "words": "3778", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Haque, Zahur U.; Antila, Pirkko", "title": "Milk peptides; effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of sodium caseinate", "date": "1993", "keywords": "activity; cas; casein; cheese; dairy; effect; enzyme; milk; neu; peptides; protein", "summary": "Influence of milk peptides in determining the func- tionality of milk priteins: Areview. Emulsifying properties of food proteins: effect of milk peptides on the emulsifying activ- ity of delipidated milk proteins and -lactoglobulin Milchwissenschaft 43: 236. & Mozaffar, Z. 1992a.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72663", "words": "2831", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Kahala, Minna; Pahkala, Eero; Pihlanto-Lepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Anne", "title": "Peptides in fermented Finnish milk products", "date": "1993", "keywords": "lactis; milk; peptide; products; ssp", "summary": "Key words: fermented milk products, proteolysis, peptides Introduction The enzymatic degradation of milk proteins yields amino acids and peptides of varying size. The starters of fermented milk products contain proteolytic enzymes, which cause proteolysis dur- ing manufacture and storage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72664", "words": "3143", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kankare, Veikko; Alkio, Martti", "title": "Removal of cholesterol during milk fat fractionation by supercritical carbon dioxide", "date": "1993", "keywords": "cholesterol; column; extraction; fat; fatty; kankare; milk", "summary": "This should enable select- ive cholesterol extraction from fat by using con- tinuous countercurrent CO2 extraction and a low extraction pressure. Removal of cholesterol during milk fat fractionation by supercritical carbon dioxide Veikko Kankare and Martti Alkio Kankare, V. & Alkio, M. 1993.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72665", "words": "3033", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Yang, Zhennai; Pahkala, Eero; Tupasela, Tuomo", "title": "Lactose hydrolysis by free and fibre-entrapped \u03b2-galactosidase from Streptococcus thermophilus", "date": "1993", "keywords": "buffer; casein; enzyme; galactosidase; hydrolysis; lactose; milk", "summary": "Lactose hydrolysis in milk products by the fibre-entrapped enzyme Treating 15 ml skim milk, whole milk or whey with 1.0gof fibre-entrapped enzyme for 3 hours at 50\u00b0C or 53\u00b0C resulted in lactose hydrolysis of about 70%, 65% and 27%, respectively (Figure 7). Hydrolysis of lactose at 55\u00b0C in buffer B , 10 ONPG units of enzyme activity were added per ml of buffer B. Fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72666", "words": "4650", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Maijala, Riitta; Eerola, Susanna; Hill, Pauli; Nurmi, Esko", "title": "The influence of some starter cultures and GDL on the formation of biogenic amines in dry sausages", "date": "1993", "keywords": "acid; addition; amines; broth; cultures; gdl; histamine; mrs; n.d; sausages; tyramine", "summary": "The influence of some starter cultures and GDL on the formation ofbiogenic amines in dry sausages. The influence of five common starter cultures and glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) on the formation of histamine, tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine, spermine and spermidine in dry sausages was studied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72667", "words": "5122", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, Esko; Puolanne, Eero", "title": "Cooked meat products made of coarsely ground pork: the main bacterial strains of bacterial flora, their heat resistance and effect on spoilage", "date": "1993", "keywords": "apt; coarsely; core; ground; heating; log; pork; products; strains", "summary": "This study was conducted to investigate the bacterial flora of the surface layer and the core of meat products made of coarsely ground pork at the moment of spoilage when stored at 7\u00b0C or 4\u00b0C. Cooked meat products made of coarsely ground pork: the main bacterial strains of bacterial flora, their heat resistance and effect on spoilage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72668", "words": "3981", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Taha, Fawzy; Puhan, Zdenko", "title": "Milk protein polymorphism in Swiss dairy cattle", "date": "1993", "keywords": "brown; dairy; frequencies; milk; swiss", "summary": "Effects of milk protein genetic variants on milk yield and composition. The main results were that there are favourable milk protein variants which are associated with the technological proper- ties of milk: as |-Cn C is associated with firmer curd, ()-Cn B with shorter coagulation times, (J-Lg B with high casein numberand K-Cn B with shorter renneting time (DAVIES and Law 1977, KROEKER etal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72669", "words": "2536", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Velmala, Riikka; M\u00e4ntysaari, Esa A.; M\u00e4ki-Tanila, Asko", "title": "Molecular genetic polymorphism at the \u03ba-casein and \u03b2-lactoglobulin loci in Finnish dairy hulls", "date": "1993", "keywords": "bulls; casein; cask; finnish; lactoglobulin; pcr", "summary": "Several studies have investigated the associa- tion between milk protein variants and various economically important milk traits, including manufacturing properties (e.g. AALTONEN and AN- TILA 1987, Ng-Kwai-Hang et al. 1990). Effects of milk protein variants and lactation stage on renneting properties of bovine milk, 43rd", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72670", "words": "6313", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Miettinen, Asko", "title": "The effectiveness and feasibility of economic incentives of input control in the mitigation of agricultural water pollution", "date": "1993", "keywords": "agric; barley; costs; econ; farm; function; input; level; measures; nitrogen; nutrient; pollution; price; production; profit; tax; use", "summary": "An optimal solution can be found by differentiating Jti with respect to x (first order condition): arc, df(x,) 5f (x,) w(3) 3 = O\u00abP3 w = 0\u00ab-3 = - ox dx dx p which shows us that, in order to maximize profit, marginal product (MR) with respect to input use should equal the price relation between input price and product price. Product tax, input tax and input quota for control- ling input use were evaluated in this study.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72671", "words": "4978", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Raatikainen, Olavi; Tuomisto, Jouko; Tahvonen, Risto; Rosenqvist, Heikki", "title": "Polyene production of antagonistic Streptomyces species isolated from Sphagnum peat", "date": "1993", "keywords": "activity; agar; agric; antibiotic; components; finland; heptaene; hplc; isolates; polyene; production; streptomyces; suppressive", "summary": "Finl. 2 (1993) Culture conditions and extraction procedures for HPLC Eight suppressive and four non-suppressive isolates were grown at 28\u00b0C for 96 h in 10 ml test tubes containing 2 ml YMG medium (yeast extract:malt extracl:glucose, 1% each, pH 7.4) for the assess- ment of the production of heptaene polyene. Chemical characterization of heptaenes The UV spectrum of the antibiotic was typical of heptaene polyenes, showing characteristic absorp- tion maxima at approximately 360,380 and400 nm (Fig. 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72672", "words": "7975", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Sumelius, John", "title": "A response analysis of wheat and barley to nitrogen in Finland", "date": "1993", "keywords": "clay; fertilizer; form; function; hypothesis; level; mitscherlich; nitrogen; production; profit; quadratic; response; root; square; wheat", "summary": "The type of crop response function Mitscherlich sug- gested in 1909is an exponential nonlinear function of type (12) y = m(l-ke Px )eBl ' D| eO2 ' 02 gSn, D n gSt, Di where y = yield level, kg/ha x = nitrogen fertilization m = asymptotic plateau Di = annual dummies (i = I ..n) Dt = technology dummy k, (J, si, 6t = parameters The yield level approaches asymptotically a pla- teau I evel, m, when x\u2014> \u00ab>. Results The results for the estimated Mitscherlich function (12) as well as the square root functional form (9) and quadratic functional form (8) for wheat and barley yield on two different soil types are pre- sented in tables 2,3, 4 and 5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72673", "words": "3205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Alaviuhkola, Timo; Hautala, Marja; Suomi, Kaija; Vuorenmaa, Juhani", "title": "Effect of barley grinding method and sodium polyacrylate supplement in the diet on the performance and stomach ulcer development of growing finishing pigs", "date": "1993", "keywords": "barley; effect; grinding; hammer; lesions; pigs; spa; stomach", "summary": "Nielsen, E.K. 1990.The influence of feeding on the develop- ment and health of slaughter pig stomachs and on appe- tite. Two different grinding methods - rolling and hammer milling - as well as polyacrylate supplement in the diet were studied to evaluate their effect on the performance of pigs and the incidence of gastric lesions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72674", "words": "3709", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Pihlanto-Lepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Anne; Pahkala, Eero; Antila, Veijo", "title": "Hydrolysis of \u03ba-casein in solution by chymosin, plasmin, trypsin and Lactobacillus -proteinases", "date": "1993", "keywords": "bonds; casein; chymosin; hours; hydrolysis; peptides; plasmin; trypsin", "summary": "Analogy between fibrinogen and casein. Characteristics of macropeptide fraction isolated from whole casein and purified -casein.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72675", "words": "5061", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Yao, Yingmou", "title": "Effects of temperature sum on vitamin C concentration and yield of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) fruit: optimal time of fruit harvest", "date": "1993", "keywords": "buckthorn; d.d; fruit; maturity; sum; temperature; time; vitamin; yield", "summary": "Relationships among vitamin C concentration, fruit yield, vitamin C yield and fruit maturity From the results (Figs. 4. Relationships among vitamin C concentration (V c ), fruit yield (Yf), fruit maturity (Mp ) and vitaminC yield (Vy).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72676", "words": "4520", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Peltonen, Jari; Juutti, Tapio; Suopelto, Juha", "title": "The bread making quality of Finnish spring wheats - a proposal for classification", "date": "1993", "keywords": "baking; bread; class; classes; control; cultivar; dough; fpc; fvalo; quality; table; volume; wheat", "summary": "Reversion cm Loaf resilience (LR) 2.0 0 2.1 -2.3 0.51.0 2.4 - 2.6 1.5 -2.0 Classification ofwheat cultivars 2.7 - 2.9 2.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 3.2 3.5 - 4.0 The German classification system of wheat quality (Weizensorten und Backqualit\u00e4t 1990) was applied to classify the quality ofFinnish spring wheat culti- vars. Finl. 2 (1993) https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=3EQQWdjzIpoocB3_.60wEFBeJYZC8JaK64p3d3w.cIgkcEq_wnPhJndqOGM96T3u5UJTa4ppd7czGSf0aBVJa2dE_H_15rf6Glhgu_i0tNGebvQ_JTZczfuYzdRQ3Ji3f-YjYL40DbkytOwnC4JM-Zb2duIWuyZSgTqAaj66upJslzDRiMOe0P6DLVMHlq3zcahf4DB-QXhuvB0dartVagwzfhua2jrtJ3vBI6qyDZXpPuktL0Wh4fsvKvr0uIIFkv1V6_tGdSVjqYls841hp0jm6ESuuihbjvRljHFbI4yY7twDcgkoUQ7pFMawiNFMghRJDF77mAqJOlMjv2W8nTTs tion, some requirements ofgood quality wheat flour such as protein and gluten content, and dough qual- ity have been suggested (Kulhom\u00e4ki and Sa- lovaara 1985, Laukkanen 1991).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72677", "words": "4152", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Saloniemi, Hannu; Kallela, Kaarlo; Saastamoinen, Ilkka", "title": "Study of the phytoestrogen content of goat\u2019s rue (Galega orientalis), alfalfa (Medicago sutiva) and white clover (Trifolium repens)", "date": "1993", "keywords": "alfalfa; clover; coumestrol; effect; phytoestrogens; research; samples; studies; white", "summary": "A biological study of the efficacy of the estro- genic effect of white clover varieties was only con- ducted from the clover samples grown at the South Savo Research Station. Study of the phytoestrogen content of goat\u2019s rue (Galega orientalis ), alfalfa (Medicago sutiva) and white clover (Trifolium repens) Hannu Saloniemi, Kaarlo Kallela and Ilkka Saastamoinen Saloniemi, H., Kallela, K. & Saastamoinen, 1.1993.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72678", "words": "5543", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Salonen, Jukka", "title": "Weed infestation and factors affecting weed incidence in spring cereals in Finland - a multivariate approach", "date": "1993", "keywords": "agric; analysis; biomass; cca; crop; data; factors; fields; fig; finland; ordination; soil; species; spp; weed; weed species", "summary": "Detailed information of the sur- vey and the occurrence of weed species has been given by Ervi\u00f6 and Salonen (1987). Key to abbreviations Weed species: ACHSS = Achillea spp., AGRRE = Elymus repens, AVEFA = Avena falua, BRSSS = Brassica spp., BRSRO = Brassica rapa ssp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72679", "words": "5752", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Salonen, Jukka", "title": "Performance of reduced herbicide doses in spring cereals", "date": "1993", "keywords": "application; barley; biomass; control; crop; doses; efficacy; fields; herbicide; mcpa; plots; proc; spring; weed; wheat; yield", "summary": "Fluroxypyr was introduced into the official screening trials in Finland in 1982 as a new herbi- cide for weed control in cereal crops, with particu- lar effect on Galium aparine L. (Paul et al. 1985). Cost-effectiveness of weed control in cereals - systems based on thresholds and reduced rates.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72680", "words": "49416", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Tuovinen, Tuomo", "title": "Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Gamasina) in Finnish apple plantations with reference to integrated control of phytophagous mites", "date": "1993", "keywords": "acari; acaricides; agric; amblyseius; apple orchards; apple trees; bushes; chant; clofentezine; control; densities; density; dichlofluanid; dithianon; dorsal; effect; eggs; entomol; erm; et al; field; fig; finlandicus; flubenzimine; hexythiazox; host; karg; laboratory; larvae; leaf; leaves; macropilis; numbers; orchards; p. ulmi; pairs; paraseiulus; pesticides; phytoseiid mites; phytoseiid species; phytoseiidae; plants; pores; predatory; present; prey; pyri; resistance; results; samples; setae; shield; soleiger; species; spider mites; sprays; study; table; tests; treatments; triforine; tuovinen; typhlodromus; unsprayed; vegetation; winter", "summary": "Integrated control of apple mites. 122: 5-14. \u2014, MacRAE, I.V. & Currans, K.G. 1992.Factors affecting biological control of apple mites by mixedpopulations of Metaseiulus occidentalis and Typhlodromus pyri.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72681", "words": "43642", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Salonen, Jukka", "title": "Reducing herbicide use in spring cereal production", "date": "1993", "keywords": "agric; analysis; application; arvensis; average; barley; cereals; changes; chemical weed; composition; conf; crop; crop yield; data; der; dose; effect; efficacy; ervi\u00f6; ewrs; experiments; factors; fields; fig; finland; fluroxypyr; growth; herbicide; herbicide application; herbicide doses; herbicide use; low; mcpa; mecoprop; number; ordination; plots; proc; production; prot; rates; research; results; salonen; sei; soil; spp; spraying; spring; spring barley; spring cereals; spring wheat; table; total; trials; use; weed; weed biomass; weed communities; weed control; weed densities; weed density; weed flora; weed growth; weed infestation; weed management; weed populations; weed res; weed research; weed seedlings; weed species; weed survey; weed vegetation; wheat; years; yield", "summary": "The average reduction of weed biomassby herbicide treatmentwas 75%. Even lower herbicide doses were often adequate, depending on the herbicide, weed species and the crop.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72683", "words": "7688", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Kola, Jukka; Sihvola, Sanna", "title": "Leisure and farmers\u2019 welfare in changing conditions", "date": "1994", "keywords": "days; demand; farmers; fim; finland; holiday; income; leisure; price; relief; relief services; services; state; supply; system; welfare", "summary": "When the number of farms decreases and diver- sity in the needs for relief services increases, a local, multipurpose enterprise could be the most efficient and flexible in meeting the changing de- mand offarmers for relief services. Quantities of relief services demanded and supplied and changes in surpluses of farmers and service suppliers at different price levels in the system of reformed relief services.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72684", "words": "5508", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Aronen, Ilmo; Lampila, Martti; Hepola, Helena", "title": "Comparison of diets based on grass silage, hay or oat straw supplemented with four levels of concentrates in the feeding of growing Ayrshire bulls", "date": "1994", "keywords": "carcass; concentrates; effect; feeding; gain; grass; hay; intake; protein; silage; straw", "summary": "On grass silage feeding, the first kg of concen- trates decreased grass silage intake by 0.25 kg DM/kg of concentrate DM, the second by 0.70 kg and the third by 0.56kg. Daily supplements of concentrates were 0,1, 2 or 3 kg on grass silage feeding, 1,2, 3 or 4 kg on hay feeding and 2,3, 4 or 5 kg on straw feeding.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72685", "words": "7798", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Helander, Eija; N\u00e4si, Matti; Partanen, Kirsi", "title": "Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs I. Effects on nutrient digestibility and mineral balances in finishing pigs", "date": "1994", "keywords": "bran; diets; digestibility; phosphorus; phytase; pigs; retention; wheat", "summary": "Treatment HP MP LP SHM Statistical significance WB- WB+ WB- WB+ WB- WB + Cl C 2 C 3 C 4 C5 N intake, g/d 80.6 77.7 85.2 78.2 80.7 76.5 0.41 *** NS *** NS \u2022\u2022\u2022 N excretion in faeces, g/d 13.1 11.6 12.8 12.6 12.6 12.5 0.26 * NS NS \u2022 NS N digested, g/d 67.5 66.1 72.4 65.6 68.0 64.0 0.59 *** NS *** \u2022** -of intake 0.836 0.851 0.850 0.839 0.843 0.836 0.0040 NS NS NS \u2022NS -of intake (corrected by N intake) 0.831 0.865 0.814 0.850 0.837 0.858 0.0030 ** NS * o NS N excretion in urine, g/d 31.9 32.7 37.1 33.1 36.0 31.3 1.26 * NS o * NS N retained, g/d 35.6 33.4 35.3 32.4 32.0 32.6 1.16 NS o NS NS NS -of intake 0.446 0.432 0.417 0.418 0.400 0.428 0.0142 NS NS NS NS NS -of digested 0.535 0.508 0.491 0.498 0.475 0.514 0.0174 NS NS NS o NS -g/W7 Vd 1.158 1.091 1.154 1.065 1.041 1.088 0.0377 NS NS NS NS NS Urea N, g/d 24.8 27.1 28.8 27.2 30.8 27.5 1.22 NS * NS * NS Urea N, g/W07Vd 0.769 0.862 0.905 0.857 0.970 0.868 0.0399 NS * NS * NS Biological value 0.602 0.577 0.556 0.568 0.545 0.584 0.0167 NS NS NS o NS HP = high phosphorus (P), MP = medium P, LP = low P, WB- = no wheat bran, WB+ = 100 g wheat bran/kg diet. ** *\u00bb\u2022 Ca supply in water, g/d 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.005 NS NS NS NS NS Ca excretion in faeces, g/d 14.34 15.05 15.10 14.66 15.30 14,66 0.546 NS NS NS NS NS", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72686", "words": "5241", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Helander, Eija; Partanen, Kirsi", "title": "Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs II. Performance and bone mineralization in growing-finishing pigs", "date": "1994", "keywords": "bone; content; diets; feed; phosphorus; phytase; pigs", "summary": "MPWB+ LPWB- LPWB+ SEM 2 CP C 2 C 3 C 4 C5 No of observa- tions4 6 6 6 6 Initial weight, kg 31.231.4 31.229.9 Final weight, kg 101.0101.8 100.2 99,0 Weight gain, kg 69.8 70.4 69.0 69.1 Daily gain, g/d 865 906 885 846 Days in experiment 81.3 78.8 78.4 81.3 Feed, FU/pig 194.7 191.5 188.5 194.0 FU/pig/d 2.40 2.40 2.39 2.37 FCR 6 , FU/kg gain 2.79 2.66 2.71 2.81 Carcass weight, kg 75.3 75.1 75,9 75.2 Loss at slaughter, kg 24.7 25.3 24.0 24.7 Loss at slaughter, % 24.7 24.8 24.1 24.8 Quality grade 7 8.6 8.4 8.6 8.7 6 6 30.631.0 0.4655 NS NS NS NS NS 99.498.4 1.37\u2019 NS * NS NS NS 68.867.4 1.32\u2019 NS * NS NS NS 835 812 19.6\u2019 NS NS \u2022 o 82.683.5 0.86 NS o NS NS o 201.9197.3 3.53 NS o NS NS NS 2.322.37 0.026 NS \u2022 NS NS NS 2.942.93 0.051 NS \u2022\u2022\u2022 NS NS o 75.474.6 0.36\u2019 NS * NS NS NS 24.625.4 0.36\u2019 NS NS NS NS NS 24.6 25.4 0.363 NS NS NS NS NS 8.5 8.8 0.12 NS NS NS NS NS 1 HP = high P, MP = medium P, LP = low P, WB- = no wheat bran, WB+ = 100 g wheat bran in the diet. MPWB+ LPWB- LPWB+ SEM Cl2 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 Tibia weight, g 199.4 210.1 208.5 208.7 195.4 201.8 5.04 NS NS NS NS NS Tibia density, g/cm 3 1.321 1.281 1.331 1.303 1.342 1.331 0.0182 NS o NS NS NS Fibula weight, g 31.1 32.5 32.8 30.4 29.1 30.2 1.10 NS o NS NS o Fibula density, g/cm 3 1.258 1.302 1.324 1.296 1.280 1.208 0.0367 NS NS NS NS NS Ash, % of bone dry matter (fibula) 62.9 62.2 62.7 60.6 60.4 60.5 1.62 NS ** NS NS NS Calcium, g/kg ash (fibula) 373.4 377.6 381.3 380.6 371.5 362.5 2.39 NS ** \ufffd** * NS Phosphorus, g/kg ash (fibula) 170.8 170.1 175.8 175.7 170.3 170.6 0.68 NS NS \ufffd** NS NS Breaking strenght, kg (tibia) 108.3 73.8 71.8 71.7 80.6 100.0 8.34 NS NS * *\u2022 NS 1 Eight tibia and fibula bones per treatment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72687", "words": "5117", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu; Alasuutari, Sakari", "title": "Social relationships and reproductive performance in group-living arctic blue foxes", "date": "1994", "keywords": "arctic; behaviour; breeding; enclosure; f-2; females; foxes; group; kits", "summary": "The aim of the present work was to study social relationships and reproductivity in captive arctic blue fox groups of different genetic origin. MacDonald (1979b) performed a comprehen- sive study on the social regulation of reproductive performance among red fox groups in captivity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72688", "words": "4390", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Salo, Simo; Posch, Maximilian; Rekolainen, Seppo", "title": "Testing the modified CREAMS/GLEAMS model for pesticide concentration in soil", "date": "1994", "keywords": "adsorption; concentration; days; finland; layer; model; pesticide; runoff; soil; water", "summary": "Testing the modified CREAMS/ GLEAMS model for pesticide concentration in soil. In the top Icm layer, which solely contributes to runoff, the concentration for low Koc values is close to zero already after a few months due to the first major runoff events and infiltration to lower soil layers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72689", "words": "5182", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Sims, Eric N.", "title": "The rate of technical change in Finnish agriculture, 1960 to 1990", "date": "1994", "keywords": "agriculture; change; cost; finland; function; index; input; output; production; total", "summary": "The rate of technical change in Finnish agriculture, 1960 to 1990 Eric N. Sims Sims, E. N. 1994. The rate of technical change in Finnish agriculture, 1960 to 1990.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72690", "words": "3834", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Saastamoinen, Markku T.", "title": "Propionic acid treated grain (oats) in the diet of horses", "date": "1994", "keywords": "acid; blood; feeding; glucose; grain; horses; journal; oats; propionate; science", "summary": "Use of oats treated with propionic acid in horse feeding was investigated in a 48- day feeding trial. Propionic acid treated grain (oats) in the diet of horses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72691", "words": "4121", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kantanen, Juha; Ojala, Matti", "title": "Blood group and protein polymorphism in the Finnish native cattle populations", "date": "1994", "keywords": "blood; cattle; efc; finnish; group; nfc; populations; systems; wfc", "summary": "East- and North- Finnish cattle differed the most. The B pheno- group Y2D\u2019G\u2019, typical of WFc in this study, had not been observed in other native cattle popula- tions in the Nordic countries (Maijala and Lind- str\u00f6m 1966).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72692", "words": "7098", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Evers, Aino-Maija", "title": "The influence of fertilization and environment on some nutritionally important quality criteria in vegetables - a review of research in the Nordic countries", "date": "1994", "keywords": "acid; ascorbic; carotene; carotene content; carrot; content; effects; fertilization; fibre; finland; matter; nitrate; nitrogen; plant; research; science; vegetables; vitamin", "summary": "The dry matter and vitamin C contents were higher in biodynamically cultivated potatoes than in conventionally cultivated potatoes (Petters- son 1982). It is obvious that yield, dry mat- ter content and vitamin C content are interrelated and they should be considered together.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72693", "words": "3090", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Lassus, Carola; Voipio, Irma", "title": "Micropropagation of rhubarb with special reference to weaning stage and subsequent growth", "date": "1994", "keywords": "experiment; medium; multiplication; plant; propagule; rooting; size", "summary": "Effect of rooting method and propagule size on plant size after a 7-week growing period in Experiment 4 with clone AF. Propagule size affected plant size, but not weaning survival or further growth in the field.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72694", "words": "1632", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo", "title": "Growth duration and above-ground dry-matter partitioning in oats", "date": "1994", "keywords": "dvs; filling; finland; grain; growth; panicle; period", "summary": "Key words: Avena saliva L., development, grain yield, phytomass, harvest index Introduction A short growing season and the consequent de- mand for early maturing cultivars are the main factors limiting productivity of annual small grains grown in Finland. The results from this study indicated that cul- tivars that have a short grain-filling period had high rates of panicle and grain filling, which re- sulted in increased HI (Table 1) but had no effect on grain yield.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72695", "words": "3307", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Jenes, Barnabas; Puolimatka, Matti; Bittencourt, Pedro; Pulli, Seppo", "title": "Time saving method for protoplast isolation, transformation and transient gene expression assay in barley", "date": "1994", "keywords": "barley; cell; culture; expression; gene; plant; protoplasts; suspension; transformation", "summary": "It can therefore be a limiting factor in applying barley protoplasts to transient gene ex- pression studies. Further refinary of this method to isolate barley protoplasts directly from mature embryo-scutellum complexes is need- ed to improve the yield of protoplasts and the induction level of cell divisions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72696", "words": "2503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Vihanen-Rantanen, Maija; Sironen, Reijo; Vuento, Matti", "title": "Mapping antigenic epitopes of potato virus Y with antibodies affinity-purified by using overlapping synthetic peptides", "date": "1994", "keywords": "antibodies; binding; epitopes; peptides; pvy", "summary": "On the other hand, the present experiments identified as epitopic several peptides not detect- ed by the standard method of testing binding of anti-PVY antibodies to peptides. In its standard form, this technique involves synthesis of a number of peptides on acrylic-coated polyethyl- ene pins and testing of these peptides for binding of anti-viral antibodies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72697", "words": "5047", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Kurppa, Sirpa; Pihlava, Juha-Matti", "title": "Effects of fenvalerate and permethrin on soil arthropods and on residues in and decomposition of barley straw", "date": "1994", "keywords": "control; decomposition; fenvalerate; finland; insecticide; permethrin; plots; residues; samples; science; soil; straw; treatment", "summary": "The rate of decomposition was slightly higher in sandy soil than in organic soil, but the same on tilled and non-tilled plots. No fenvalerate and permethrin residues were detected in soil samples taken after harvest.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72698", "words": "2760", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Hooker, John E.; Gianinazzi, Silvio; Vestberg, Mauritz; Barea, Jose M.; Atkinson, David", "title": "The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to micropropagation systems: an opportunity to reduce chemical inputs", "date": "1994", "keywords": "amf; gianinazzi; micropropagation; mycorrhizal; plant; root", "summary": "However, research has now demonstrated significant effects of colonisation on the structur- al morphology of plant roots (eg Berta et al. 1990, Shellenbaum et al. 1991, Hooker et al. 1992) usually resulting in root systems which are more branched and therefore likely to have a high- er capacity for the uptake of nutrients and water. This success means that it is now possible to micropropagate in vitro a wide range of plant species including annual and per- ennial ornamentals, timber trees, ferns and sever- al important crop plants such as banana, pineap- ple, avocado and potato.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72699", "words": "2492", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Arines, Justo; Vilari\u0148o, Antonio; Palma, Jos\u00e9 M.", "title": "Involvement of the superoxide dismutase enzyme in the mycorrhization process", "date": "1994", "keywords": "cuzn; plants; sod; sods; stress; superoxide", "summary": "Insight is provided into the generation of superoxide radicals (SORs) and the detoxification role of SOD isozymes. An increase in SOD activity has been detected in susceptible and resistant plants, with selective stimulation of SOD activity taking place: the man- ganese-enzyme in the susceptible cultivar and the cuprozinc-enzyme in the hypersensitive cultivars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72700", "words": "2337", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Morte, Maria Asunci\u00f3n; Cano, Antonio; Honrubia, Mario; Torres, Pilar", "title": "In vitro mycorrhization of micropropagated Helianthemum almeriense plantlets with Terfezia claveryi (desert truffle)", "date": "1994", "keywords": "almeriense; claveryi; medium; mmn; plantlets; rooting; vitro", "summary": "We report here the first in vitro mycorrhiza- lion of micropropagated H. almeriense plantlets with Terfezia claveryi. In vitro system for inoculating micropropagated H. almeriense plantlets with T. cla veryi, on a modified MMN medium.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72701", "words": "4300", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Walker, Christopher; Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "A simple and inexpensive method for producing and maintaining closed pot cultures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "date": "1994", "keywords": "cultures; finland; fungi; growth; mycorrhizal; pot; pots; sand; spore; substrate; water", "summary": "In one, pot culture substrate was mixed throughout the new substrate in the pot, or placed in a layer beneath the point of sowing or seedling trans- plantation. The inoculum consisted of pot culture substrate con- taining colonised strawberry roots, spores, and hyphae.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72702", "words": "4848", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Guillemin, Jean-Philippe; Gianinazzi, Silvio; Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne; Marchal, Jean", "title": "Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizas to biological protection of micropropagated pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) against Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands", "date": "1994", "keywords": "cinnamomi; endomycorrhizal; mass; pathogen; phytophthora; pineapple; plants; root; shoot; variety", "summary": "Soil application of element sulphur as a control of Phytophthora cinnamomi root and heart rot of pineapple. Key words: arbuscular endomycorrhizal infection, bioprotection agent, pathogen fungus, pineapple microplant, plant growth Introduction In soil, plant roots develop in the presence of micro-organisms, some of which can have a pos- itive (e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)) or negative (e.g. pathogen fungi) impact on plant growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72703", "words": "4701", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Guillemin, Jean-Philippe; Gianinazzi, Silvio; Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne; Marchal, Jean", "title": "Control by arbuscular endomycorrhizae of Pratylenchus brachyurus in pineapple microplants", "date": "1994", "keywords": "control; endomycorrhizal; growth; nematode; pineapple; plants; queen; root; tahiti; varieties; variety", "summary": "Key words: Ananas comosus, endomycorrhizal infection, v/froplant, pathogen nem- atode, interactions, integrated control Introduction Arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soilborne pathogens occur together in the rhizo- sphere around plant roots. Population dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes in Queenland pineapple fields and the effects of these nematodes on pineapple production.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72704", "words": "2768", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Estaun, Victoria; Calvet, Cinta; Camprubi, Amelia", "title": "Arbuscular mycorrhizae and growth enhancement of micropropagated Prunus rootstock in different soilless potting mixes", "date": "1994", "keywords": "colonisation; fungi; glomus; growth; mixes; mycorrhizal; plant", "summary": "The receptivity of the organ- ic substrates used in the potting mixes to the AMF and the effects of the inoculation on plant growth have been little studied. This work has studied the receptivity of two different peat based mixes, without added soil, to four AM fungi and the effects of the inoculation on plant growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72705", "words": "6315", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Uosukainen, Marjatta; Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizas on rooting, weaning and subsequent growth of micropropagated Malus (L.) Moench", "date": "1994", "keywords": "amf; apple; effect; experiment; growth; hanna; inoculation; microcuttings; plants; rooting; soil; weaning; weeks", "summary": "Quantification of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots. Also a higher rate of uninoculated plants lapsed into arrest of growth than inoculated plants, even- tually (Table 1).At 18 weeks, 22% of uninoculated and 18 %of inoculated plants were growing vigor- ously, being >5 cm high.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72706", "words": "3034", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Azc\u00f3n-Aguilar, Concepcion; Encina, C.L.; Azc\u00f3n, R.; Barea, Jose Miguel", "title": "Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth and development of micropropagated Annona cherimola plants", "date": "1994", "keywords": "acclimatization; azc\u00f6n; cherimola; glomus; growth; inoculation; mycorrhizal; period; plants", "summary": "Plant growth and development profited re- markably from mycorrhiza establishment. The greatest effects of AMF on plant growth were observed when they were introduced after the acclimatization period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72707", "words": "2338", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz; Palmujoki, Hanna; Parikka, P\u00e4ivi; Uosukainen, Marjatta", "title": "Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas on crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum) in micropropagated strawberry plants", "date": "1994", "keywords": "almeriense; claveryi; medium; mmn; plantlets; rooting; vitro", "summary": "We report here the first in vitro mycorrhiza- lion of micropropagated H. almeriense plantlets with Terfezia claveryi. In vitro system for inoculating micropropagated H. almeriense plantlets with T. cla veryi, on a modified MMN medium.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72708", "words": "2772", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Lovato, Paulo E.; Hammat, Neil; Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne; Gianinazzi, Silvio", "title": "Mycorrhization of micropropagated mature wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) and common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)", "date": "1994", "keywords": "ash; cherry; gianinazzi; glomus; growth; mycorrhizal; plants; substratum", "summary": "In a third experiment, interactions between in- oculation, substratum and fertiliser level were evaluated on wild cherry plants inoculated with G. intraradices. At 9 weeks, however, the differences diminished, and plant growth was similar in all treatments at 13 weeks (Fig 2 a, b).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72709", "words": "60037", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Laurila, Ilkka P.", "title": "Demand for food products in Finland: A demand system approach", "date": "1994", "keywords": "agricultural; aids; alcoholic; analysis; away; budget; butter; carcase; change; consumer; consumption; consumption expenditure; dairy; data; demand; demand analysis; demand elasticities; demand functions; demand system; drinks; example; expenditure; expenditure elasticity; expenditure function; finland; fish; food; food consumption; food demand; food products; good; group; group expenditure; group price; home; increase; level; meat; meat demand; meat products; milk; model; number; parameters; period; price; price change; price elasticities; price option; products; science; separability; share; study; table; test; time; total; utility; values; variables; year", "summary": "Category Price change related to group Price change related to general price index price index (price of Private Consumption) Price option Price option 1960-91 1980-91 Structural 1960-91 1980-91 Structural trend trend change trend trend change Food-at-Home -4 Since food prices are strongly affected by ag- ricultural and tradepolicies and taxation, the anal- ysis of price effects can be seen as a policy anal- ysis, where the estimated demand system was used as an instrument to gather information on the effects of policy changes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72710", "words": "4382", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Nousiainen, Juha; Korhonen, Hannu; Syv\u00e4oja, Eeva-Liisa; Savolainen, Sami; Saloniemi, Hannu; Jalonen, Harry", "title": "The effect of colostral immunoglobulin supplement on the passive immunity, growth and health of neonatal calves", "date": "1994", "keywords": "absorption; calves; colostrum; days; igm; intake; science; serum", "summary": "Hancock (1985) reported an increased risk of mortality in calves with serum Ig levels below 2.5 g/1, but the occurence of diarrhoea may already increase at levels below 10 g/1. This study was designed to evaluate the ef- fect of a commercial Ig preparation (Ig-C) given to supplement low-quality colostrum on the ab- sorption of immunoglobulins, serum Ig level, growth and the occurrence of diarrhoea in neona- tal calves.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72711", "words": "3621", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Ervi\u00f6, Raimio; Hyv\u00e4rinen, Seppo; Ervi\u00f6, Leila-Riitta; Salonen, Jukka", "title": "Soil properties affecting weed distribution in spring cereal and vegetable fields", "date": "1994", "keywords": "arvensis; fields; finland; soil; species; spp; weed", "summary": "Key words: Finnish fields, soil type, soil pH, soil organic matter content, soil extractable calcium Introduction A study was carried out in 1982 - 1984 to deter- mine the occurrence of weeds in Finnish spring cereals (Ervi\u00f6 and Salonen 1987) and vegetable fields. mineral soils soils mineral soils soils soils soils Chenopodium album L. 1 18 26 8 56 74 14 2.32 6.2* 2.1b 8.4* 4.8* 1.6b Elymus repens (L.) Gould 18 2 8 23 7 6 1.6* 0.5 b 1.2\u00bb 2.5\u00bb 0.8b 0.7 b Erysium cheiranthoides L. 16 4 9 9 3 2 I.l* 0.7 b 0.9*b 1.7* 1.0*b 0.9b Fallopio convolvulus (L.) Love 3 7 2 4 13 0.9 b 1.7* 0.8 b 0.6 b 0.5 b 1.5\u00bb Galeopsis spp, L. 8 17 25 5 4 12 2.0b 3.6\u201c 3.4* l.0b 0.9b 2.0* Galium spp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72712", "words": "4199", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Savikurki, Riitta", "title": "The effect of increasing nitrogen dose, growth regulator and variety on seed and stalk yields, and some quality aspects of fibre flax", "date": "1994", "keywords": "flax; growth; nitrogen; regulator; seed; stalk; variety; yield", "summary": "Treat- ment with growth regulator reduced seed yield significantly, by 120 kg DM/ha. Growth regulator treatment increased stalk yield when the nitrogen supply was further increased from 30 kg/ha to 60 kg/ha.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72713", "words": "2093", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Raatikainen, Mikko; Raatikainen, Terttu; Vasarainen, Arja", "title": "Effect of feeding by Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber)(Homoptera, Delphacidae) on barley", "date": "1994", "keywords": "feeding; grain; length; plant; weight", "summary": "The combined ef- feet of the number of nymphs and the length of their feeding period on the length of barley plants was significant 22 days after sowing. The number of M. propinqua nymphs and the length of their feeding period on barley did not have any major effects on the barley plants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72714", "words": "5376", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Valaja, Jarmo", "title": "Comparison of different protein evaluation systems for growing pigs: Digestible crude protein, and total, faecal digestible and ileal digestible amino acid intakes as performance response predictors", "date": "1994", "keywords": "acid; amino; digestibility; ileal; intakes; lysine; meal; performance; pigs; protein; total", "summary": "Digestible crude protein 0.190 0.431\u2019 Total amino acids -0.085 0.188 -0.093 0.150 lysine 0.808\u2018 -0.302 -0.68V -0.564 0.612 0.606 methionine 0.683\u2019\u201d -0.065 -0.418\u2019 -0.272 0.321 0.384 threonine 0.571\u201d 0.038 -0.214 0.120 -0.079 -0.143 Faecal digestible amino acids' lysine 0.812* -0.263 -0.626 -0.490* 0.574 0.606 methionine 0.687* -0.095 -0.414* -0.274 0.324 0.373\u00b0 threonine 0.671* -0.035 -0.316 0.016 0.072 0.018 Ileal digestible amino acids 2 lysine 0.867' -0.505' -0.731' -0.700' 0.646 0.627 methionine 0.731' -0.265 -0.500' -0.445' 0.385\u00b0 0.407\u00b0 threonine 0.706' -0.151 -0.341 -0.088 The feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05), and the thick- ness of back (BF) (p < 0.001) and side fat (SF) (p < 0.001) correlated highly with ileal digestible lysine intake.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72715", "words": "6501", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Helander, Eija", "title": "Effects of microbial phytase supplementation of a barley-soybean meal diet on the performance and bone mineralization of growing-finishing pigs", "date": "1994", "keywords": "animal; bone; diet; feed; inorganic; phosphorus; phytase; pigs; science; supplementation; weight", "summary": "A sex*diet interaction was found in fibula weights and ash content (p < 0.05) and a tendency also in P content (p < 0.1): the bone characteristics of castrates seemed to react to lower P contents of the diets and to phytase addition more strongly than gilts, perhaps due to their better daily weight gain. In Finland and in many other areas the main cereal in pig diets is barley, the phytate and phytase contents of which differ from maize (Cromwell 1992).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72716", "words": "4251", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Partanen, Kirsi; N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Nutritive value of meat and bone meal for growing pigs", "date": "1994", "keywords": "bone; digestibility; mbm; meal; meat; pigs", "summary": "The digestibility of protein, the amino acid content and their availability, in particular, can vary considerably between different meat and bone meals (Batterham et al. 1986,Knabe et al. 1989). Finnish feed tables (Salo et al. 1990)give a some- what lower fat content (90 g CF/kg DM) for meat and bone meal than that measured in the present experiment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72717", "words": "5648", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Koskinen, Tuomo; Piironen, Jari; Hakonen, Tiina", "title": "Effects of supplemental microbial phytase on performance of broiler chickens", "date": "1994", "keywords": "diets; feed; mineral; phosphorus; phytase; science; table; tibia; trial; utilization", "summary": "In Trial 1, or- thogonal polynomials were used to investigate the trends over levels of phytase when the level of mineral P was 0.05%. In groups where the mineral P concentration was 0.05% the linear and quadratic trends over phytase levels were tested; when phytase was 0 PU/g the linear and quadratic trends over the levels of mineral P were tested.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72718", "words": "3016", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu; Niemel\u00e4, Paavo", "title": "Preferences of farmed blue foxes for platforms, nestbox and cage floor", "date": "1994", "keywords": "cage; foxes; platform; preference; test; use", "summary": "The results showed that platform use was low since the test foxes preferred the cage floor. Key words: platform use, farmed fox, environmental enrichment, welfare Introduction The Standing Committee of the European Con- vention on the Protection of Animals Kept for Farming Purposes has issued a recommendation that each weaned fox shall have a whole-year shelter, either a resting platform or nestbox, but preferably both available (European Convention 1991).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72719", "words": "3487", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Tupasela, Tuomo; Koskinen, Heikki; Antila, Pirkko", "title": "Whey pretreatments before ultrafiltration", "date": "1994", "keywords": "heat; microfiltration; permeate; protein; trials; ultrafiltration; whey", "summary": "I. MF trials with differently treated edam wheys. Industrial fractionation of main whey proteins.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72720", "words": "2862", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Mikkonen, Anneli; Tummavuori, Jouni", "title": "Desorption of phosphate from three Finnish mineral soil samples during adsorption of vanadate, molybdate and tungstate", "date": "1994", "keywords": "adsorption; samples; science; soil", "summary": "When different anions are present in soil solution or in the solution in contact with adsorbent, competi- tive adsorption may occur (Murali and Aylmore 1983, Roy et al. 1986a,b, Goldberg and Traina 1987, Roy et al. 1989, Barrow 1989, Mikkonen and Tummavuori 1993a). P-release from untreated soils and differences in means of desorbed P from soil samples with a Mo, V, or W application compared to means of amounts desorbed from blank samples.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72721", "words": "5697", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Copper in cultivated soils of Finland", "date": "1994", "keywords": "clay; edta; finland; fractions; mineral; soils", "summary": "1 Soil class and Bulk density 2 Cu Cu Cu Cu Cuc\u201e_.J tot py ox res EDTAnumber of samples kg dnr\u2019 489 Agricultural Science in Finland 3 (1994) Table 3, Copper extracted with pyrophosphate (Cu py ) and oxalate (Cu ox) as well as residual Cu (Cu res ) as percent- ages of total Cu. 1 CuSoil class Cu Cu resPV % of total Cu Clay mean", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72722", "words": "56899", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Ryh\u00e4nen, Matti", "title": "Input substitution and technological development on Finnish dairy farms for 1965-1991: Empirical application on bookkeeping dairy farms", "date": "1994", "keywords": "adjustment cost; agriculture; approach; average; capital; case; change; cost flexibility; cost function; cost share; cost theory; costs; dairy farms; data; demand; demand elasticities; development; economics; elasticities; elasticity; equation; farm data; farm size; feed; fertilizers; finland; function study; functions; group; input prices; input substitution; inputs; items; labour; level; means; milk production; model; number; output; panel data; parameters; period; price; price elasticities; production economics; production function; production inputs; production possibility; production technology; profit function; representative; research; research period; results; run; scale; science; series; set; shares; size; studies; study; substitution; technical; time; translog cost; use; values", "summary": "Note, that as elasticities of cost function with respect to input prices we can write dlnQw.yVdlnw, = 3C(w,y)wj/dw JC(w,y) - W|Xj(w,y)/C(w,y) = S,(w,y). Cost function studies Binswanger (1974) estimated the elasticities of input demand and elasticities of substitution in agriculture in the United States, utilizing the trans- log cost function.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72723", "words": "58449", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "H\u00f6mm\u00f6, Leena Maarit", "title": "Resistance of winter cereals to various winter stress factors - inter- and intraspecific variation and the role of cold acclimation", "date": "1994", "keywords": "ability; acclimation; acid; apollo; barley cultivars; canadian; changes; cold; conditions; conductivity; content; correlation; cultivars; damage; differences; et al; field; field trials; finland; fowler; freezing; frost; frost resistance; growth; hardening; hardiness; injury; jokioinen; journal; leaf; leaves; linna; membrane; method; mould resistance; nivale; period; plants; plasma; resistance; results; rye cultivars; rye varieties; snow mould; species; study; table; temperature; test; tolerance; trials; triticale; varieties; wheat cultivars; wheat varieties; winter barley; winter cereals; winter conditions; winter hardiness; winter period; winter rye; winter stress; winter survival; winter wheat; winterhardiness", "summary": "Huner et al. (1989) and Hurry et al. (1993b) also reported that winter wheat cultivars developed a greater resistance to photoinhibition 9 Agric. According to Fedulov et al. (1990), winter wheat cultivars differed from each other in their timing of gene action promoting freezing resistance in the course of the winter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72724", "words": "39500", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Inborr, Johan", "title": "Supplementation of pig starter diets with carbohydrate-degrading enzymes - stability, activity and mode of action", "date": "1994", "keywords": "activities; activity; animal; assay; barley; bedford; broiler; chickens; concentration; conditioning; conditions; content; control; diets; digesta; digesta viscosity; digestibility; digestion; effect; enzyme; enzyme activity; enzyme supplementation; et al; experiment; fed; feed; feed enzyme; feeding; fibre; gain; glucanase; graham; high; hours; inborr; intestine; low; matter; method; nutrient; nutrition; pelleting; performance; pigs; protein; results; samples; science; stability; standard; starch; stomach; substrate; table; technology; temperature; time; total; tract; treatment; values; viscosity; weight; wheat; xylanase", "summary": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1 Stability and activity of supplementary enzymes Based on the p-glucanase assay of the pelleted feed samples, enzyme activity decreased with increasing conditioning times and temperatures (Figure 1, I). If intestinal amylases are added to this a 20% reduction in enzyme activity may repre- sent approximately 2 g protein or 5 per cent of the daily protein retention of pigs during the post- weaning period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72726", "words": "5380", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu; Niemel\u00e4, Paavo", "title": "Seasonal changes in platform use by adult farmbred silver foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) ", "date": "1996", "keywords": "females; foxes; korhonen; niemel\u00e4; platform; platform use; science; silver; use; vulpes", "summary": "The present study sought to; (1) determine to what extent the use and function of platforms vary seasonally in farmed silver foxes, (2) elu- cidate sex differences in platform use, (3) cla- rify what purposes platforms are used for and, (4) quantify the extent of circadian variation in seasonal platform use. Seasonal changes in platform use by adult farmbred silver foxes (Vulpes ) Hannu Korhonen and Paavo Niemel\u00e4 Agricultural Research Centre ofFinland, Fur Farming Research Station, FIN-69100 Kannus, Finland Seasonal changes in platform use (Wooden U-type platform, area 3090 cm 2) were studied during one year in adult farmbred silver foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) by daytime scan sampling observations and 24-h videorecordings.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72727", "words": "3339", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "M\u00e4ntysaari, P\u00e4ivi", "title": "Predicting body weight from body measurements of pre-pubertal Ayrshire heifers", "date": "1996", "keywords": "body; feeding; girth; heart; heifers; weight; wither", "summary": "Predicting body weight from body measurements of pre-pubertal Ayrshire heifers P\u00e4ivi M\u00e4ntysaari Agricultural Research Centre ofFinland, Institute ofAnimalProduction, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland The relationship between heart girth, wither height, body length and body weight in 3- to 9.5-month- old pre-pubertal Finnish Ayrshire heifers gaining 600-650 g/d was analysed (experiment I). i and protein source j, T, the Ith1 th measuring time, and e jjk| the residual associated with observation of the kth heifer on the i ,h feed- ing level and jth protein source at time 1. Results and discussion Regression of body weight on different body measurements The increase with age in the BW, heart girth, wither height and body length of the heifers in experiment I is presented in Figure 1. Correla- tions between BW and body measurements were high (r > 0.93).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72728", "words": "7594", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Hakala, Kaija; Mela, Timo; Laurila, Heikki; Kaukoranta, Timo", "title": "Arrangement of experiments for simulating the effects of elevated temperatures and elevated CO2 levels on field-sown crops in Finland", "date": "1996", "keywords": "agricultural; air; ambient; c02; chambers; field; finland; food; greenhouse; levels; otc; science; temperatures", "summary": "The temperature of the other part of the field (open field) was not elevated, but the field was covered with the same plastic film as the greenhouse to achieve radiation and rainfall conditions comparable to those in the greenhouse. Effective temperature sum (ETS) vs. days after sowing (DAS) of spring cereals at elevated temperatures (green- house) and at ambient temperatures (open field) in 1992.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72729", "words": "3342", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Papinaho, Petri A.; Fletcher, Daniel L.; Rita, Hannu J.", "title": "Relationship of breast fillet deboning time to shear force, pH, cooking loss and color in broilers stunned by high electrical current", "date": "1996", "keywords": "breast; broiler; force; meat; mortem; post; shear; tenderness; time", "summary": "Allo-Kramer shear force for broiler breast muscles. On the basis of this study, similarrecommenda- tions to those ofGoodwin (1984), Shelton (1985) and Stadelman et al. (1988) can be given for broiler breast muscle deboning times, when high voltage stunning and air chilling are used.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72730", "words": "3330", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Valkonen, Jari P. T.; Palohuhta, Jukka P.", "title": "Resistance to potato virus A and potato virus Y in potato cultivars grown in Finland", "date": "1996", "keywords": "cultivars; finland; graft; potato; pva; pvy; resistance; virus", "summary": "The strains of PVA infecting potatoes in Finland have not been systematically grouped according to the strain group concept for PVA (Valkonen et al. 1995). Resistance to potato virus A and potato virus Y in potato cultivars grown in Finland Jari RT.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72731", "words": "5613", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Valaja, Jarmo; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Rantanen, Asko", "title": "Lysine supplementation of barley wet distillers\u2019 solids diets for growing-finishing pigs", "date": "1996", "keywords": "diets; distillers; lysine; pigs; protein; sbm; science; valaja; wds", "summary": "The side fat thickness of the pigs on SBM diet was larger than that of the pigs on WDS diet containing lysine 9.2 g/FU (p < 0.05) and the area of the longissimus dorsi muscle was smaller than that of the pigs on WDS diets con- taining lysine 9.2 or 10.7 g/FU (p < 0.05). SBM WDS WDS WDS Linear Quadr.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72732", "words": "4919", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Kiiskinen, Tuomo", "title": "Feeding whole grain with pelleted diets to growing broiler chickens", "date": "1996", "keywords": "balancer; diet; feed; feeding; grain; group; trial; wheat", "summary": "1.95b 1.90b 2.05b 0.046 *** Abdominal fat g (females) 31.3 28.8 28.4 28.0 1.11 NS % 2.01 1.95 1.87 1,84 0.064 NS Litter dry matter % 36.3 34.5 34.8 35.2 0.33 NS \u201d BAW = balancer + whole wheat, BAWBI = balancer + whole grain (wheat: barley 70:30), BAWB2 = balancer + whole grain (W:B 50:50)) 2) see Table 4 31 FCR =feed conversion ratio h see Table 4 Table 7. This implies that whole wheat feeding has a beneficial effect on the digestion, appar- ently due to the enlargement of the gizzard.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72733", "words": "3413", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu; Niemel\u00e4, Paavo", "title": "Comparison between the use of open and walled platforms by juvenile blue foxes (Alopex lagopus)", "date": "1996", "keywords": "females; foxes; niemel\u00e4; open; platforms; science; use", "summary": "Platform use of blue foxes by daytime scanning observations (% of observations of foxes on plat- forms) and 24-h video recordings (min/24 h). Effect of environmental and social enrichment on some welfare variables in farm blue foxes (Alopex lagopus).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72734", "words": "4511", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kettunen, Anne; M\u00e4ntysaari, Esa A.", "title": "Estimation of genetic parameters for test-day milk production at different stages of lactation of Finnish Ayrshire heifers", "date": "1996", "keywords": "calving; curve; day; days; effect; herd; lactation; milk; model; production; test; yield", "summary": "The effect of test day models on the estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values for dairy yield traits. Test day models in the analysis of dairy pro- duction data - a review.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72735", "words": "5072", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku; Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Release of soil phosphorus during runoff as affected by ionic strength and temperature", "date": "1996", "keywords": "concentration; desorption; ratio; soil; solution; water", "summary": "However, for Jokioinen soil, the graphs intersected the x-axis close to the ori- gin and the desorption remained very small at the solution-to-soil ratio of 50 1 kg' 1 at which the Q/I plots were determined. As for ionic strength, the soil extracts obtained with 0.0005 M CaCl 2 were similar to the surface 199 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Yli-Halla, M. & Hartikainen, H.: Phosphorus desorption to runoff water runoff waters of the Jokioinen and Aurajoki fields (Yli-Halla et al. 1995), and those obtained with 0.005 M CaCl2 corresponded to soil solu- tion (Wiklander and Andersson 1974).As for the solution-to-soil ratio, it was observed in an ear- lier study that the average DRP concentration in the surface runoff in these particular fields was the same as that of soil extracts obtained at the solution-to-soil ratio between 250 and 500 1 kg 1 (Yli-Halla et al. 1995)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72736", "words": "1881", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Miettinen, Pasi; Echegoyen, Plutarco E.", "title": "The effect of two pesticides (Vitavax-300 and Gaucho) on rhizobia and on the nodulation of four legumes", "date": "1996", "keywords": "gaucho; growth; legumes; pesticides; rhizobia; root; seeds; vitavax-300", "summary": "Legume Total dry weight (g) Dry weight of root nodules (g) Pesticide- In the present study, high concentrations of Gaucho insecticide (imidacloprid) and Vitavax-300 fungicide (carbox- in and captan) clearly inhibited the growth of root nodule bacterium under laboratory conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72737", "words": "4507", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Tanhuanp\u00e4\u00e4, Pirjo K.; Vilkki, Juha P.; Vilkki, H. Johanna", "title": "A linkage map of spring turnip rape based on RFLP and HARD markers", "date": "1996", "keywords": "1994; b.rapa; brassica; data; dna; linkage; loci; map; markers; rapd; rflp; viikki", "summary": "Goodness-of-fit to the expected F 2 segrega- tion at marker loci was tested by chi-square ana- lysis. A disadvantage is that the dominant nature of RAPD markers can cause problems if an F 2 intercross popula- tion is used.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72738", "words": "921", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Laurila, Ilkka P.", "title": "Horticultural economics research needs more resources", "date": "1996", "keywords": "economics; prices; research; support", "summary": "In the of- ficial statistics, horticultural enterprises are grouped in no more than one or two categories despite the fact that the enterprises differ con- siderably from each other. This makes the inter- pretation of the statistics difficult, and it also makes the data about horticultural enterprises less useful.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72739", "words": "3030", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Mela, Timo J. N.", "title": "Northern agriculture: constraints and responses to global climate change", "date": "1996", "keywords": "agriculture; climate; crops; finland; increase; northern; season; temperature; zone", "summary": "In North America, fields extend to about 55\u00b0N, In Asia, there are few fields north of 60\u00b0N. Finland is the most northern agricultural country in the world, with all its field area, about 2.5 million hectares, located north of latitude 60\u00b0N. Changes in the climate and atmospheric C0 2 predicted for the future are likely to have a strong influence, either beneficial or disadvantageous, on the conditions for growth in northern areas where the annual mean temperature is 5\u00b0C or less. Changes in climate Predicted changes in climate as a result of the increasing content of so-called greenhouse gas- es, carbon dioxide (C02 ), methane (CH4 ), nitrous oxide (N,O), tropospheric ozone (O,) and halo- carbons could have an important influence on the conditions for growth in northern areas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72740", "words": "6411", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Brklacich, Michael; Curran, Patrick; Brunt, Douglas", "title": "The application of agricultural land rating and crop models to CO2 and climate change issues in Northern regions: the Mackenzie Basin case study", "date": "1996", "keywords": "agriculture; basin; canada; change; climate; climate change; crop; data; impacts; land; mackenzie; potential; soil; wheat", "summary": "Climate change impacts on agro-climate potential The current average frost-free period for the Basin of 132 days (Figure 4) represents a sub- stantial constraint to the commercial production of crops. Climate change impacts on agricultural land suitability Figure 5 illustrates the estimated impacts of the CCC and GFDLclimate change scenarios on the agricultural land suitability throughout the Mac- kenzie Basin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72741", "words": "4444", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Akiyama, Tsuyoshi; Inoue, Y.; Shibayama, M.; Awaya, Y.; Tanaka, N.", "title": "Monitoring and predicting crop growth and analysing agricultural ecosystems by remote sensing", "date": "1996", "keywords": "akiyama; arctic; crop; data; finland; japan; landsat; rice; satellite; science; sensing; vegetation; yield", "summary": "Creation of cropping map using Landsat TM data. Estimation of organic matter contents of upland soils with Landsat TM data.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72742", "words": "5436", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kettunen, Lauri", "title": "Potential economic effects of climate change on Finnish agriculture", "date": "1996", "keywords": "change; climate; costs; economic; effects; finland; increase; level; prices; production; yield", "summary": "From the economic point of view an increase in yield level is highly significant, because the increase in costs remains quite small, A 10% increase in the yield level raises the farm income by about 6%. These results can be easily applied for any specific scenario which may be available after further studies on yield levels.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72743", "words": "7795", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Carter, Timothy R.", "title": "Developing scenarios of atmosphere, weather and climate for northern regions", "date": "1996", "keywords": "agricultural; change; climate; climate change; estimates; finland; forcing; future; gcms; mean; model; precipitation; scenarios; silmu; temperature", "summary": "Applying scenarios in impact assessment Several alternative methods exist for applying climate change scenarios in impact studies. Key words', climate change, temperature, precipitation, carbon dioxide, sea-level, uncertainty, base- line, Finland ntroduction One of the major constraints on agriculture in northern high latitude regions is climate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72744", "words": "6343", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Junttila, Olavi", "title": "Plant adaptation to temperature and photoperiod", "date": "1996", "keywords": "1994; adaptation; conditions; flowering; growth; photoperiod; plant; processes; responses; species; temperature", "summary": "However, many of the basic characteristics that are important for plant growth and development and for plant yield, such as numbers of meristems, numbers of various organs, rates of division and expan- sion, show high plasticity (see also Trewavas 1986). Plant growth arises from the production of dry matter through energy metabolism and mor- phological development.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72745", "words": "5829", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Bowes, George; Vu, Joseph C. V.; Hussain, Mian W.; Pennanen, Arja H.; Allen, L. Hartwell", "title": "An overview of how rubisco and carbohydrate metabolism may be regulated at elevated atmospheric [CO2] and temperature", "date": "1996", "keywords": "acclimation; atmospheric; bowes; c02; effects; growth; photosynthesis; plant; rice; rubisco; soybean; species; temperature", "summary": "The initial, linear phase of the A/C curve is a measure of carboxylation 263 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Bowes, G. et ai: Metabolic regulation under high C02 and temperature efficiency, because photosynthesis is limited by the amount of active rubisco. This concept is consistent with our findings 265 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Bowes, G. et ai: Metabolic regulation under high C02 and temperature Table 2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72746", "words": "7001", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Jones, Michael B.; Jongen, Marjan", "title": "Sensitivity of temperate grassland species to elevated atmospheric CO2 and the interaction with temperature and water stress", "date": "1996", "keywords": "c02; carbon; change; climate; effects; grassland; growth; jones; plant; response; species; temperature; water", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Jones, M.B. & Jongen, M.: Effects ofelevated CO2 on temperate grasses lowground biomass to elevated C02 (Jongen et al. 1995), with a much larger proportion of the extra dry matter produced at elevated C02 being allocated to the roots (Figure 2). There are, unfortunately, few other examples of long-term exposure of temperate plant com- munities to elevated C02, but the picture emerg- ing from these studies is of rather complex re- sponses which depend on interactions with oth- er climatic conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72747", "words": "7731", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Hakala, Kaija; Mela, Timo", "title": "The effects of prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures and elevated CO2 levels on the growth, yield and dry matter partitioning of field-sown meadow fescue", "date": "1996", "keywords": "ambient; biomass; c02; experiment; grass; greenhouse; growth; nitrogen; season; soil; temperatures; yield", "summary": "Dur- ing the second growing season, however, the growth rate in ambient C02 increased markedly relative to that in elevated C02 after the second cut, resulting in an equal total yield in both C02 treatments. Soluble carbohydrate content of shoots and roots The soluble carbohydrate content of meadow fescue above-ground biomass was 5-48% high- er in elevated than in ambient C02 most of the measuring times during summer, but there was no effect of elevated C02 on the carbohydrate content in the autumn (Table 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72748", "words": "5796", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kleemola, Jouko; Karvonen, Tuomo", "title": "Modelling growth and nitrogen balance of barley under ambient and future conditions", "date": "1996", "keywords": "conditions; crop; data; fertilization; finland; growth; increase; model; nitrogen; present; snow; soil; temperature; water", "summary": "Model simulations of soil temperature and of snow accumulation and melting were also studied. The cali- bration and validation results showed that the model performed well in simulating snow dynamics, soil temperature, the growth of barley, and the response of crop growth to N fertilization under present conditions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72749", "words": "7533", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kaukoranta, Timo", "title": "Impact of global warming on potato late blight: risk, yield loss and control", "date": "1996", "keywords": "agricultural; blight; days; emergence; finland; growth; matter; model; outbreak; potato; science; temperature; warming; yield", "summary": "The impact of climate warming on yield losses caused by potato late blight and on the need for disease control was studied by constructing models for timing late blight epidemics and a model of potato growth constrained by late blight. In this study, robust models have been de- veloped to estimate the impact of global warm- ing on yield losses caused by potato late blight and to time the planting and emergence of pota- to and the outbreak of the epidemic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72750", "words": "9797", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Carter, Timothy R.; Saarikko, Riitta A.; Niemi, Kai J.", "title": "Assessing the risks and uncertainties of regional crop potential under a changing climate in Finland", "date": "1996", "keywords": "agricultural; baseline; carter; change; climate; crop; data; figure; finland; food; growth; model; potential; scenario; science; silmu; soil; temperature; yields", "summary": "We demonstrate, for the first time, the application of crop models over a reg- ulargrid to evaluate changes not only in the mean but also the variability of regional crop poten- tial. Climate change impact on crop yield potentials and water use.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72751", "words": "5636", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Lidauer, Martin; M\u00e4ntysaari, Esa", "title": "Detection of bias in animal model pedigree indices of heifers", "date": "1996", "keywords": "bias; bull; daughters; ebv; milk; model; pis; regression; sires; yield", "summary": "All the earlier Finnish studies have centred on young sire Pis and correspond- ing EBVs. In the group of daughters ofyoung sires, none of the coefficients in the models (4), (5) and (6) were statistically significant for the protein yield.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72752", "words": "8370", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka; Heikkil\u00e4, Terttu", "title": "Effects of physical treatment of barley and rapeseed meal in dairy cows given grass silage-based diets", "date": "1996", "keywords": "barley; cows; effect; intake; milk; protein; rsm; silage; supplementation; treatment", "summary": "Control Untreated RSM Treated RSM Significance of effect 1 UB TB UB TB UB TB SEM B R RT BxRBxRT Milk energy (ME/d) 89.2 83.6 93.0 91.8 93.8 92.0 0.98 *** *** NS * NS Maintenance (MJ/d) 54.4 54.3 54.7 55.0 55.0 55.1 0.16 NS *** NS NS NS Utilization of ME2 0.533 0.539 0.555 0.552 0.537 0.562 0.007 o * NS NS o Utilization of ME\u2019 0.616 0.638 0.617 0,619 0.591 0.634 0,006 ** NS NS NS * AAT requirement 1625 1545 1680 1665 1693 1668 13.9 ** *** NS ** NS Utilization ofAAT4 0.610 0.636 0.627 0.628 0.585 0.615 0.006 *** o *** NS * Utilization ofAAT5 0.616 0.664 0.617 0.633 0.600 0,647 0,006 *** ** NS NS * 1 Significance of orthogonal contrasts: B = effect of barley treatment, R = effect of RSM supplementation, RT = effect of RSM treatment, B x R = interaction between barley treatment and RSM supplementation and B x RT = interaction between barley treatment and RSM treatment, o P < 0.10, * P<0.05, ** P<o.ol, ***P< 0.001. 144.3143.9 144.3143.1 147.8142.7 1.28 * NS NS NS NS Cu., 20.119.7 20.120.5 20.520.5 0.39 NS NS NS NS NS C 4 C, 4 | total 355.5355.5", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72753", "words": "3833", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti; Partanen, Kirsi; Laurinen, Pasi", "title": "Effects of expanding on the nutritive value of wheat bran in pig diets", "date": "1996", "keywords": "bran; diets; digestibility; expanding; pigs; wheat; wheat bran", "summary": "Nutrient digestibilities of wheat bran and expanded wheat bran computed by regression were 0.64, 0.67 for OM; 0.70, 0,70 for CP; 0.47, 0.63 for EE; 0.35, 0.40 for NDF and 0.01, 0,16 for ADF, respectively. The digestibilities of some nutrients calcu- lated by the regression equation were slightly higher in expanded wheat bran than in untreated bran, 2.6 %-units for OM, contributing to the enhancements of the constituents of EE 16.2, NDF 4 and ADF 15 %-units (Table 3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72754", "words": "4982", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Koizumi, Hiroshi; Kontturi, Markku; Mariko, Shigeru; Mela, Timo", "title": "Carbon dioxide evolution from snow-covered agricultural ecosystems in Finland", "date": "1996", "keywords": "agricultural; air; c02; carbon; evolution; finland; method; snow; soil; winter", "summary": "These results suggest that the snow insulates the soil thermally, allowing C0 2 production to continue at soil temperatures slightly above freezing in the winter. Budgets assume that microorgan- isms and plant roots in snow-covered soils stop respiring and so there is no evolution of C02 from the snow surface when soil temperatures drop to around O\u00b0C (Steudler et al. 1989, Bouw- Carbon dioxide is the primary gas involved in the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received June 1996 421 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=x4X3QP-MKCkL--gw.yATl03h3s2X2siiDkFCztw.qX1ziFPiDQ0KQPHG7MBF8COcniN4e_sqYgcGQwSLg-kGdl_JwXrmuEXMrv933MywdDB0kmO7WHnP2WSp5WFi0JgKmw512k10W5NZndV-XTui0y0DhPs4re4SIFRmN_3zx_idLoEsF-JNhGShVFmdy4lyuwEg3Q_7o7-3XIQNUzDDac6v7TgYYlyGZyS1LKpb3nKpdKvz0YSPDXoCVnd_XMizgSnf5IE0w8O6ayodWufXItmRXGbEvwL3QcXXL1Ss6wXRWrjQCCVqP-llHHbD9P6uhZYBc1J66-0aLEwb2pZT-_mKRY4OEiMEIvCVLeUc6IA Koizumi,", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72755", "words": "8574", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Yl\u00e4ranta, Toivo", "title": "Uptake of heavy metals by plants from airborne deposition and polluted soils", "date": "1996", "keywords": "concentrations; copper; deposition; harjavalta; lead; nickel; plants; pot; soil; tam; yield", "summary": "The soil at Harjavalta was found to have been pol- luted since 1945 by emissions from various in- dustrial processes, mainly from the smelter, whereas pot soils were not polluted (Table 2). The addition of 200 mg of Cu and 1000 mg of Ni per pot increased the amounts of soluble salts in pot soils (Table 10).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72756", "words": "5431", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Rokka, Veli-Matti; Xu, Yong-Sheng; Tanhuanp\u00e4\u00e4, Pirjo; Pietil\u00e4, Leena; Pehu, Eija", "title": "Electrofusion of protoplasts of anther-derived dihaploid lines of commercial potato cultivars", "date": "1996", "keywords": "dihaploid; dna; fusion; gogh; hybrids; lines; pito; potato; protoplasts; solanum; tetraploid; tuberosum; van", "summary": "Somatic hybrids must be distinguished from unfused material or fusion products resulting from homokaryon fusions. Identification of somatic hybrids using RAPDs Polymorphisms between parental dihaploids were tested with several primers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72757", "words": "6487", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kunelius, H. Tapani; P\u00e4rssinen, Pertti; Pullli, Seppo K.", "title": "Yields, plant characteristics, total N and fibre composition of timothy cultivars grown at two latitudes", "date": "1996", "keywords": "charlottetown; cultivars; cut; difference; jokioinen; matter; northern; science; table; timothy; year; yields", "summary": "Yields, plant characteristics, total N and fibre composition of timothy cultivars grown at two latitudes H. Tapani Kunelius Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Nutritional quality of timothy cultivars varied among the sites and the significance of differenc- es in NDF and ADF in relation to animal performance require further study.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72758", "words": "3985", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Valkonen, Jari P. T.; Koponen, Hilkka", "title": "Yield reduction caused by a soil-borne disease of naked, dwarf, and conventional oat in Finland", "date": "1996", "keywords": "disease; dwarf; finland; grain; oat; pal; plants; salomon; symptoms; yield", "summary": "Therefore, it is concluded that the ob- served growth reduction and death of oat plants 480 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Vol. 5 (1996): 475^183. d ' mgd' Salomon C 2.69 1.63 1.06 39.4 23.5 45 36.0 0.81 F 2.39 1.42 0.97 40.3 24.2 40 31.4 0.78 Pai C 2.01 0.96 1.06 52.6 31.2 34 42.0 1.24 F 1.68 0.83 0.85 50.4 31.3 27 31.3 1.15 Conventional C 2.34 1.23 1.11 47.7 28.5 39 41.1 1.06 F 1.91 0.96 0.95 49.0 29.6 32 32.6 1.03 \u00b1.E. C 0.08 0.06 0.03 1.3 0.8 1 1.5 0.04 F 0.08 0.06 0.03 1.1 0.8 1 1.2 0.03 # C, control; F, experiment with severe Fusarium infection was primarily due to the root and foot disease caused by soil-borne Fusarium , and the foliar symptoms were attributed to other fungi which were capable of infecting oat plants stressed due to the root and foot damage caused by Fusari- um.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72759", "words": "1929", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "M\u00e4ki-Tanila, Asko; M\u00e4ntysaari, Esa A.", "title": "Embryo transfer technology and its use in enhancing dairy cattle breeding", "date": "1996", "keywords": "bredbacka; breeding; cattle; embryo; finland; science", "summary": "The use of embryo transfer (ET) to improve the rate of female reproduction is not a recent innovation. Compiling the figures we can approximate that the MOET (multiple ovulation and embryo transfer) operation could yield an average of 10-15 conceptions or 5 to 7 female calves per selected donor per year.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72760", "words": "5986", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "M\u00e4ntysaari, Esa A.; Thuneberg-Selonen, Terhi; Hypp\u00e4nen, Kaija; Juga, Jarmo", "title": "Finnish embryo transfer breeding program \u201cASMO\u201d description of the goals and a summary of the results of initial selection", "date": "1996", "keywords": "asmo; breeding; bulls; cows; embryos; fat; finland; finnish; index; milk; nucleus; protein; scheme; selection", "summary": "The relative weights of traits were such that equal importance was assigned to protein % and protein yield. Their mean estimated breeding values (EBVs) were +0.13 for protein % and -0.18 for fat % compared with the genetic base of progeny tested sires born in 1986-1988, and the protein yield EBVs were 12 kg above the genetic base.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72761", "words": "3083", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Bredbacka, Kristiina; Bredbacka, Peter", "title": "Effect of glycine and alanine supplementation on development of cattle embryos cultured in CRlaa medium with or without cumulus cells", "date": "1996", "keywords": "alanine; blastocysts; bovine; culture; development; embryos; glycine; medium; morulae", "summary": "After 144 h of embryo culture (Day 7 after insemination) the embryos were examined for appearance and stage of development. Glycine and alanine supplementation of culture medium enhances develop- ment of in vitro matured and fertilized cattle embryos.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72762", "words": "2873", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Bredbacka, Kristiina; Bredbacka, Peter", "title": "In vitro production of cattle blastocysts in chemically defined medium with or without insulin supplementation", "date": "1996", "keywords": "blastocysts; bovine; culture; development; embryos; insulin; medium", "summary": "As culture medium we used CRI-PVP, a modification of CRlaa medium with bovine serum albumin replaced by polyvinylpyrrolidone. Key words', bovine, embryo culture, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cell number, Hoechst 33258 ntroduction Currently the in vitro production (IVP) of bo- vine embryos is most efficiently carried out us- ing serum- supplemented culture media and with co-culture with somatic cells (for review, see Brackett and Zuelke 1993).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72763", "words": "3164", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Peippo, Jaana; Bredbacka, Peter", "title": "A simple culture system for time-lapse video recording of bovine embryos", "date": "1996", "keywords": "bovine; cell; culture; development; embryos; lapse; recording; stage; time; video", "summary": "Continuous observation of embryo culture produces considerably more information than the end point approach. The traditional approach in performing embryo culture experiments in- cludes an end point, say, 7 days after insemina- tion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72764", "words": "3707", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Bredbacka, Peter; Jaakma, \u00dclle; M\u00fc\u00fcrsepp, Ilmar", "title": "Production of calves following nonsurgical transfer of fresh and refrigerated bovine demi-embryos", "date": "1996", "keywords": "demi; embryos; experiment; pregnancy; quality; storage; transfer", "summary": "Combining the results of both experiments yields an overall pregnancy rate of 35.7% for refrigerated demi-embryos, which is significant- ly lower than the 65.3%pregnancy rate achieved with the transfer of fresh demi-embryos (P=o.ol, 5C 2-test). Although the transfer of demi-embryos stored overnight at 4\u00b0C results in decreased pregnancy rates, refrigeration of demi- embryos may be useful in certain practical situations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72765", "words": "2965", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Bredbacka, Peter", "title": "A mouse model for improving cell survival of bisected cattle embryos", "date": "1996", "keywords": "bisection; bredbacka; cell; cytochalasin; embryos; medium; mouse; splitting; sucrose", "summary": "The observations made here with mouse morulae are essentially identical to the results obtained with cattle embryos (Bredbacka 1995), suggesting that mouse embryos might be useful 532 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Vol. 5 (1996): 529-534. for developing splitting techniques in cattle. The use of mouse embryo bisection as a mod- el for improving the cattle embryo splitting pro- tocol has several advantages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72766", "words": "3320", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Huhtinen, Mirja; Bredbacka, Peter", "title": "Non-surgical transfer of 4\u2019,6\u2019-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained equine embryos", "date": "1996", "keywords": "cells; dapi; days; embryos; equine; staining; transfer; viability", "summary": "However, this particular recipient mare had a uterine inflammation as shown by examination in the oestrus following embryo transfer. Transrectal ultrasonography 6-20 days after embryo transfer revealed that 9of 11 DAPl- stained embryos produced embryonic vesicles and the heartbeat was observed in eight of them before the inductionof abortion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72767", "words": "3165", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Peippo, Jaana; Bredbacka, Peter", "title": "Detection of bovine foetal DNA from amniotic fluid using the polymerase chain reaction", "date": "1996", "keywords": "amniotic; casein; cells; diagnosis; dna; fluid; n.a; pcr; samples; sex", "summary": "Rapid determination of fetal sex using amniotic fluid cells and the polymerase chain reaction. If abortion may be a conse- quence of testing amniotic fluid samples, one should also consider alternative approaches, such as preimplantation diagnosis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72768", "words": "5361", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "M\u00e4kinen, Markku; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka", "title": "Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in wet wheat protein and soya bean meal for growing pigs", "date": "1996", "keywords": "acids; amino; diets; digestibility; pigs; protein; sbm; science; starch; wheat", "summary": "Apparent ileal digestibility, % Total tract digestibility, % WP diet SBM diet SEM Significance WP diet SBM diet SEM Significance Dry matter 83.3 83.3 2.12 NS 91.1 92.4 0.64 NS Organic matter 85.0 85.5 2.07 NS 92.6 94.2 0.65 NS Dprulfr HkflMinnncauiu aim uuv,uw Ul Chemical composition As compared with SBM, WP protein was rela- lively poor in lysine and threonine but rich in sulphur-containing amino acids (Table 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72769", "words": "5510", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Valaja, Jarmo; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka; M\u00e4kinen, Markku", "title": "Effects of feed processing on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in pig diets containing wheat bran or wheat middlings", "date": "1996", "keywords": "acids; amino; bran; diets; digestibility; et al; feed; ileal; pigs; processing; wheat", "summary": "Effect of feed processing on total tract digestibility of crude protein and apparent ileal digestibility of crudeprotein and amino acids in diets containing wheat bran or wheat middlings (LS means). For ileal digestibility, the SEM of diet I and 6 is table value multiplied by 1.10, the SEM of diet 3 table value multiplied by 1.31 and the SEM of diet 2 and 5 table value multiplied by 1.87.For total tract digestibility the SEM of diets 1,3,4and 5 is table value multiplied by 1.17, and the SEM of diet 2 is table value multiplied by 1.44.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72770", "words": "4401", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ruuska, Riitta; Helenius, Juha", "title": "GIS analysis of change in an agriculture landscape in Central Finland", "date": "1996", "keywords": "analysis; area; change; diversity; elements; field; finland; landscape; linear; period; size; study; use", "summary": "At the same time, the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity of agricultural landscape elements dropped from 0.37 to 0.24. The decrease in the length ofopen field ditch- es in relation to field area was 426 m/ha in the study area.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72771", "words": "7267", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Paasikallio, Arja; Sormunen-Cristian, Riitta", "title": "The transfer of 137Cs through the soil-plant-sheep food chain in different pasture ecosystems", "date": "1996", "keywords": "137cs; activity; aside; concentration; field; finland; food; forest; meat; pasture; plant; science; semi; set; sheep; soil; table; transfer", "summary": "Half of it was forest pasture (natural pasture) with Table 1. Natural pasture refers to forest pasture and serai-natural pas- ture to set-aside field pasture, the latter having been under cultivation about 15 years ago.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72772", "words": "3845", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Ruusunen, Marita; Sevon-Aimonen, Marja-Liisa; Puolanne, Eero", "title": "Composition and cross-sectional area of muscle fibre types in relation to daily gain and lean and fat content of carcass in Landrace and Yorkshire pigs", "date": "1996", "keywords": "area; carcass; csa; fibres; muscle; pigs; type; weight; yorkshire", "summary": "The percentages of muscle fibre types ofanimals within both breeds varied, however, more than did those between the breeds on average. The number of muscle fibres in longissimus per whole loin area (Numfjbre ) was calculated as the loin area (at last rib) (CSA |ojn ) divided by the average fibre cross-sectional area (CSA fibre ).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72773", "words": "4436", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Tuomola, Elina; Rita, Hannu; Kuisma, Paavo; Somersalo, Susanne; Pehu, Eija; Jokinen, Kari; Valkonen, Jari P. T.", "title": "Occurrence of common scab in potato tubers after foliar treatment with glycinebetaine under glasshouse conditions", "date": "1996", "keywords": "finland; incidence; matilda; plants; potato; sabina; scab; treatment; tubers", "summary": "p. Doering-Saad, C., K\u00e4mpfer, P., Manulis, S., Kritzman, G., Schneider, J., Zakrzewska - Czerwinska, J., Schrempf, H. & Barash, 1. 1992.Diversity among Strep- tomyces strains causing potato scab. Influence of soil moisture and acidity on the development of potato scab.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72774", "words": "5438", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "S\u00e9von-Aimonen, Marja-Liisa; Sternberg, Kristina; Ojala, Matti", "title": "Genetic parameters for growth traits in pigs estimated using third degree polynomial functions", "date": "1997", "keywords": "age; average; curve; gain; growth; inflection; pigs; point; polynomial; science; weight", "summary": "An approach to pig growth mod- elling. Live weight growth is that it is traditionally viewed as a continuous process that results in a single, smooth, S-shaped growth curve with an inflection point at about 30% of the mature weight (Brody 1945).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72775", "words": "4162", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "P\u00f6s\u00f6, Jukka; Ojala, Matti", "title": "Estimates of genetic parameters of trotting performance traits for repeated annual records", "date": "1997", "keywords": "age; correlations; estimates; logit; number; performance; records; time; traits; trotters", "summary": "Vol. 6 (1997): 11-18. Estimates of genetic parameters of trotting performance traits for repeated annual records Jukka P\u00f6s\u00f6 Agricultural Research Centre ofFinland, Institute ofAnimal Production, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. e-mail: jukka.poso@mtt.fi Matti Ojala Department ofAnimal Science, P.O. Box 28, FIN-00014 University ofHelsinki, Finland. The heritability and repeatability of trotting performance traits and genetic and phenotypic correla- tions among these traits were estimated from repeated annual records of 6934 Finnhorse and 5298 Standardbred trotters.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72776", "words": "2985", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Dalman, Pirjo; Hiirsalmi, Heimo; Hietaranta, Tarja; Linna, Minna-Maria", "title": "Jenkka and Jatsi, two new red raspberry cultivars", "date": "1997", "keywords": "cultivars; finland; fruit; jatsi; jenkka; kuin; muskoka; ottawa; raspberry; ville", "summary": "SELOSTUS Uudet suomalaiset vadelmalajikkeet Jenkka ja Jatsi Pirjo Dalman, Heimo Hiirsalmi, Tarja Hietaranta ja Minna-Maria Linna Maatalouden tutkimuskeskus Kaksi uutta vadelmalajiketta Jenkka ja Jatsi on las- kettu viljelyyn Maatalouden tutkimuskeskuksen mar- jakasvien jalostusohjelman tuloksena. Verrannelajikkeina olivat Muskoka, Heisa ja Ville sek\u00e4 vuodesta 1990 l\u00e4htien my\u00f6s Ottava.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72777", "words": "6111", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Yli-Mattila, Tapani; Mironenko, Nina V.; Alekhina, Irina A.; Hannukkala, Asko; Bulat, Sergey A.", "title": "Universally primed polymerase chain reaction analysis of Fusarium avenaceum isolated from wheat and barley in Finland", "date": "1997", "keywords": "analysis; avenaceum; barley; finland; fusarium; isolates; mattila; pcr; primers; rapd; root; wheat; yli", "summary": "No clear correlation was found between the groups and host plant preference or the geographic origin of F. avenaceum isolates. Pathogenicity tests showed differences between F. avenaceum isolates, but two isolates, one from wheat and the other from bar- ley, were the most aggressive in wheat and barley.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72778", "words": "4941", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "B\u00e4ckman, Stefan T.; Vermeulen, S.; Taavitsainen, V.-M.", "title": "Long-term fertilizer field trials: comparison of three mathematical response models", "date": "1997", "keywords": "barley; exponential; fertilizer; function; lrp; model; oats; quadratic; response; wheat; yield", "summary": "Quadratic model LRP model Exponential model f -b X = X i\u201e (_E*E_) X=X= * 2c c Economic analysis Making marginal cost equal to marginal reve- nue gives us the maximal economic return. Note that the intercepts (parameter a, LRP and quadratic model) for oats and barley are higher than those for wheat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72779", "words": "7025", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Rinne, Marketta; Jaakkola, Seija; J\u00e4rvi, Matti; Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "Effects of gradual replacement of rapeseed cake with linseed cake in a grass silage-based diet for dairy cows", "date": "1997", "keywords": "acid; cake; composition; content; cows; diet; linseed; milk; production; protein; rapeseed; rumen; science; silage", "summary": "Milk fat content increased (P<0.05) by 3.4 g/kg but milk protein content tended to decrease (P<(). Linseed protein has been found to degrade rapidly in the rumen (Ber- tilsson et al. 1994, Moss and Givens 1994), a conclusion we also reached.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72780", "words": "5426", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Sormunen-Cristian, Riitta; Mannerkorpi, P\u00e4ivi", "title": "Feeding value of grass ensiled with absorbents assessed in growing lambs", "date": "1997", "keywords": "absorbent; acid; beet; effluent; formic; grass; grfa; msbs; sbs; shreds; silage; sugar", "summary": "The digestibility of SBS silage was, however, improved by grFA as an additive. Digestibility of SBS silage was, however, increased when grFA was used as an additive (p=0.0003) owing to the nutrient absorp- tion capacity of the grFA product.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72781", "words": "5234", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Mononen, Jaakko; Harri, Mikko; Ahola, Leena", "title": "Effects of cage size and obstructed view from cage on use of resting platforms by farmed silver foxes", "date": "1997", "keywords": "cage; floor; foxes; period; platform; resting; silver; time; type; use; view", "summary": "Thereafter they were housed sin- gly in standard fox cages (105 x 115 x 70 cm, WxLxH) without any platforms or nest boxes. The effects of cage types (i.e. cage size and platform type), advancing time(i.e.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72782", "words": "2583", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Tupasela, Tuomo; Koskela, Petri; Pahkala, Eero; Kankare, Veikko", "title": "Optimization of centrifugal separation of \u03b1-lactalbumin and \u03b2-lactoglobulin", "date": "1997", "keywords": "concentration; content; dry; min; whey", "summary": "3. (3-lg contents (%) in supernatant versus whey dry matter content ( %) and protein content (%, protein in dry matter). The effects of pH, con- centration factor, dry matter content, heat treat- ment and centrifugation were studied.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72783", "words": "3107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "M\u00e4kel\u00e4, Pirjo; V\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4l\u00e4, Leena; Rajalahti, Riikka; Rajala, Ari; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo", "title": "Drought response of modern and old oat lines in greenhouse and long-term field trials", "date": "1997", "keywords": "drought; experiments; field; finland; grain; greenhouse; lines; oat; response; trials", "summary": "Old oat lines tended to be least able to maintain high water content during early stages ofdrought, but according to discriminant analy- sis there were no differences between modern and old lines subsequently (see exps 1 and 2 in Fig. 2). This study compares the response of old (released before 19705) and modern oat lines to pre-anthesis pre- cipitation in long-term field trials and to pre- and post-anthesis drought simulated in the green- house.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72784", "words": "6569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Louhelainen, Ky\u00f6sti; Kangas, Juhani; Reiman, Marjut; Kalliokoski, Pentti", "title": "Farmers\u2019 exposure to dusts and gases in modern Finnish cubicle cow houses", "date": "1997", "keywords": "ammonia; concentrations; cow; dust; et al; exposure; farmers; feeding; finland; fungi; houses; mean; milking; parlors; sampling; total", "summary": "Thermophilic actin- omycetes, which have been considered to be causative agents of farmer\u2019s lung, were found on only a few occasions and in low concentrations compared withearlier findings on Finnish farms (Kotimaa et al. 1984). Total concentrations of dust in the air during farm work.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72785", "words": "5011", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Lappalainen, Saana; Pasanen, Anna-Liisa; Pasanen, Pentti; Kalliokoski, Pentti", "title": "Production of fungal volatile organic compounds in bedding materials", "date": "1997", "keywords": "compounds; concentrations; materials; mvoc; nd nd; peat; shavings; stable", "summary": "Key words', agricultural environment, microbial metabolites, microbial volatile organic compounds, peat, total volatile organic compounds, wood shavings Introduction Many reports on levels of volatile organic com- pounds in houses and offices have recently been published. Production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) has been observed to depend on microbial fun- gal and bacterial species and growth conditions (Kaminski et al. 1974, B\u00f6rjesson et al. 1989, 1993).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72786", "words": "6494", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Torp-Donner, Heidi; Juga, Jarmo", "title": "Sustainability - a challenge to animal production and breeding", "date": "1997", "keywords": "animal; aspects; breeding; breeds; conservation; costs; finland; food; goals; livestock; population; production; science; selection; sustainability; traits", "summary": "In: Biological basis of sustainable animal production. In: Biological basis of sustainable animal production. EAAP Publication No. 67.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72787", "words": "2112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Antonius, Kristiina; Werlemark, Gun; Nybom, Hilde", "title": "DNA fingerprinting demonstrates extremely low levels of genetic variation among blackberry cultivars grown in Finland", "date": "1997", "keywords": "accessions; antonius; blackberry; cultivars; dna; fingerprints; finland; majest\u00e4t; nybom; rubus", "summary": "Minisatellite DNA \u201cfingerprints\u201d can distinguish Rubus cultivars and estimate their degree of relatedness. This level of inter-cultivar differentiation is of the same magnitude as that previously re- ported among blackberry cultivars (Nybom et al. 1989, Nybom and Hall 1991).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72788", "words": "6255", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Classification of acid sulphate soils of Finland according to Soil Taxonomy and the FAO/Unesco legend", "date": "1997", "keywords": "a.s; acid; fao; finland; horizon; laitila; liminka; pedon; soil; sulfuric; sulphate; unesco", "summary": "Key words: FAO/Unesco Soil Map of the World, pedogenesis, soil morphology, soil pH, soil survey, Soil Taxonomy, sulphur content ntroduction Acid sulphate soils (a.s. soils) are soils in which, \u201cas a result of processes of soil formation, sul- phuric acid either will be produced, is being pro- duced or has been produced in amounts that have a lasting effect on main soil characteristics\u201d (Pons 1973).A more quantitative criterion, need- ed for soil classification, has been presented, e.g. by van Mensvoort and Dent (1997): In a.s. soils, enough sulphuric acid is produced to bring soil pH below 4. Classification of acid sulphate soils of Finland according to Soil Taxonomy and the FAO/Unesco legend Markku Yli-Halla Agricultural Research Centre ofFinland, Institute ofResource Management, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: markku.yli-halla@mtt.fi In order to place acid sulphate soils (a.s. soils) of Finland in an international context, five pedons from cultivated a.s. soils from Liminka, Ylistaro and Laitila on the western coast of Finland were analyzed and classified according to Soil Taxonomy and the revised legend of the FAO/Unesco Soil Map of the World.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72789", "words": "5656", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Peltovuori, Tommi; Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Influence of sodium and potassium fertilization on the sodium concentration of timothy", "date": "1997", "keywords": "application; clay; concentration; exchange; experiment; fertilization; loam; sodium; soil; timothy", "summary": "Potassium fertilization suppressed the effect of Na application substantially and Na concentration was elevated remarkably only when the K concentra- tion of the plants fell to or below the deficiency level (approximately 15 g kg-1). A tenfold increase in Na concentration from the Na0 level with an equivalent decrease in K concentration would theoretically lower the K concentration by only about 4 g kg\u2019 1 at the most.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72790", "words": "7010", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Virkaj\u00e4rvi, Perttu; Huhta, Harri; Tuuri, Hannu", "title": "Effect of nitrogen fertilization, grass species and cultivar on sod production on Valkeasuo peat bog - a case study", "date": "1997", "keywords": "analysis; cover; cultivar; effect; fertilization; finland; mixture; nitrogen; peat; production; sod; species; values", "summary": "\u2018Conni\u2019 and \u2018Rasti\u2019, which had high green cover values al- ready with low N, reacted only weakly or not at all to the increased N. On the contrary, \u2018Cyn- thia\u2019 and \u2018N\u00e4ps\u00e4\u2019, which had a low green cover at low N, increased their green cover highly with increasing N levels. Rep- lication was considered a random effect where- as N fertilization as well as species/cultivar were considered fixed effects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72791", "words": "6224", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Ikonen, Tiina; Ojala, Matti; Syv\u00e4oja, Eeva-Liisa", "title": "Effects of composite casein and \u03b2-lactoglobulin genotypes on renneting properties and composition of bovine milk by assuming an animal model", "date": "1997", "keywords": "casein; composition; cows; effect; fay; ffr; finnish; genotypes; milk; properties; protein; renneting", "summary": "Various models have been applied for esti- mating milk protein genotype effects. The effects of milk protein genotypes on ren- neting properties have been estimated by a least squares method (e.g., Tervala et al. 1985, Pag- nacco and Caroli 1987,Davoli et al. 1990,", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72792", "words": "5348", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Valaja, Jarmo; Suomi, Kaija; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Mela, Timo", "title": "Effects of variety, soil type and nitrogen fertilizer supply on the nutritive value of barley for growing pigs", "date": "1997", "keywords": "arra; barley; content; diets; digestibility; pigs; protein; soil; value", "summary": "Fuller et al. (1989) found higher apparent ileal ami- no acid digestibilities in high protein than in low protein barley varieties. However, the quality of barley protein is not optimal for pigs since the content ofessential amino acids, lysine and thre- onine in particular, is very low.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72793", "words": "3824", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu; Niemel\u00e4, Paavo", "title": "Effect of feeding level during autumn and winter on breeding weight and result in single and pair-housed minks", "date": "1997", "keywords": "animals; body; breeding; feeding; females; korhonen; mink; ration; standard; weight", "summary": "e-mail: hannu.t.korhonen@mll.fi The effect of feeding intensity (standard vs. restricted ration) and housing system (males and females kept singly vs. animals kept in male-female pairs) on breeding body condition and whelping was studied in farm standard mink ( Mustela vison). Key words', breeding performance, farm mink, feeding regulation, grouping, obesity ntroduction After weaning, farm-raised mink kits (Mustela vison ) are fed an energy-rich diet because high feeding intensity is usually considered necessary if they are to produce large furs of good pelt quality (Berg 1986).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72794", "words": "4570", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Jaakkola, Antti; Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4; Lemola, Riitta", "title": "Effect of fertilization on soil phosphorus in a long-term field experiment in southern Finland", "date": "1997", "keywords": "experiment; fertilization; finland; hartikainen; phosphorus; science; soil; treatments; yield", "summary": "To study the response of soil P to differentfertilization regimes in more detail, the changes in the various inorganic P fractions were investigated. The corrected annual P balances shouldbe 7 and 44 kg ha\u2019 1 as compared with changes in soil P reserves of -3 and 13 kg ha\u2019 1 a\u2019 1 for P ( and P2K, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72795", "words": "8356", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Tapio, Eeva; Bremer, Katri; Valkonen, Jari P. T.", "title": "Viruses and their significance in agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland", "date": "1997", "keywords": "agricultural; annales; aphids; bremer; crops; diseases; fenniae; finland; finnish; kurppa; mosaic; plant; potato; science; table; tapio; vector; virus; viruses", "summary": "Significance of plant virus diseases in Finland The occurrence of plant virus diseases in Fin- land has been known for over 60 years (Liro 327 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND 1930, Rainio 1941,Brummer 1946, Jumalainen 1943, 1946). On plant virus diseases and viruslike diseas- es in Finland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72796", "words": "1125", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Robinson, Jonathan", "title": "First report of Diuraphis (Holcaphis) frequens as a pest of wheat in Finland", "date": "1997", "keywords": "aphid; diuraphis; finland; frequens; wheat", "summary": "Identification and characterization of resistance to Russian wheat aphid in small-grain cereals: investigationsat CIMMYT, 1990-1992. Vioitusoireet, pitkitt\u00e4iset kloroottiset juovat vahvasti kiertyneiss\u00e4 lehdiss\u00e4, muistuttavat toisen vehn\u00e4\u00e4 vioittavan kirvan, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvil- ko), \u2018Russian wheat aphid\u2019, aiheuttamia oireita.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72797", "words": "3848", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kortemaa, Hanna; Haahtela, Kielo; Smolander, Aino", "title": "Effect of soil-spraying time on root-colonization ability of antagonistic Streptomyces griseoviridis", "date": "1997", "keywords": "colonization; griseoviridis; population; rhizosphere; root; sand; soil; suspension", "summary": "In sterile sand, S. griseoviridis invaribly colonized the rhizosphere of turnip rape after each of the two applications. The rhizosphere ofturnip rape was effectively colonized by S. griseoviridis in sterile sand.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72798", "words": "7566", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Khalili, Hannele; Varvikko, Tuomo; Toivonen, Vesa; Hissa, Kari; Suvitie, Marjatta", "title": "The effects of added glycerol or unprotected free fatty acids or a combination of the two on silage intake, milk production, rumen fermentation and diet digestibility in cows given grass silage based diets", "date": "1997", "keywords": "acids; composition; cows; diets; effects; fatty; fatty acids; glycerol; intake; milk; mixture; rumen; science; silage; yield", "summary": "Silage 10.18 10.06 9.94 9.74 0.108 NS ** NS Supplement 6.09 6.01 6.11 6.15 0.058 Total intake 16.27 16.06 16.05 15.89 0.115 NS NS NS Silage+suppl. g/W075 148 146 147 146 1.1 NS NS NS ME intake (MJ) 187 185 189 188 1.3 NS NS NS ECM 1 yield (kg day 1)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72799", "words": "3629", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Taivalmaa, Sanna-Liisa; Talvitie, Heikki", "title": "The effects of ridging, row-spacing and seeding rate on carrot yield", "date": "1997", "keywords": "carrots; mean; rate; ridges; root; row; seeding; soil; sowing; yield", "summary": "The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ridging (flat bed, narrow ridge and broad ridge), seeding rate (target plant densities 40, 50, 60 and 70 roots/m2 ) and sowing system (single row, double row and band) on the quantity and external quality of carrot yield. The effects of ridging, row-spacing and seeding rate on carrot yield in general, the effect of seeding rate on yields was small, being significant only in 1990.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72800", "words": "4403", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Aflatuni, Abbas; Kemppainen, Riitta; Heinonen, Alpo; Hakonen, Tiina", "title": "The effects of a non-woven cover in combination with different soil mulches in strawberry cultivation", "date": "1997", "keywords": "berries; black; cover; film; harvest; mulches; rovaniemi; soil; spring; strawberry; yield", "summary": "re- ported that non-woven covers have, however, certain disadvantages, e.g. a slightly poorer crop quality and a large percentage of small berries (less than 1.5 cm in diameter), both of which reduce the quantity of the marketableyield. Statistically significant effects of non-woven cover and mulch on timing of harvest, marketable yield, amount of mouldy berries, proportion of small berries and total yield at Sotkamo and Rovaniemi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72801", "words": "3185", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Hartikainen, Helin\u00e4; Ekholm, P\u00e4ivi; Piironen, Vieno; Xue, Tailin; Koivu, Terhi; Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Quality of the ryegrass and lettuce yields as affected by selenium fertilization", "date": "1997", "keywords": "finland; gsh; lettuce; plants; ryegrass; science; selenium; sod", "summary": "The rest of the ground plant material was used to study the allocation of added Se into various compounds. In both plants, the utilization of added Se diminished at the highest fertiliza- tion level.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72802", "words": "4847", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Manninen, Outi", "title": "Optimizing anther culture for barley breeding", "date": "1997", "keywords": "anther; barley; culture; effect; genotype; medium; mms; plant; pretreatment; production; response", "summary": "Much of the work with barley anther culture was done with one highly responsive model cultivar, Igri. Cho and Kasha (1989) studied ethylene production and the effect of ethylene inhibitors and promotors in barley anther culture and con- cluded that an optimum level of ethylene may be required for embryogenesis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72803", "words": "5131", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Robinson, Jonathan; Jalli, Marja", "title": "Grain yield, net blotch and scald of barley in Finnish official variety trials", "date": "1997", "keywords": "barley; blotch; data; disease; finland; genotypes; mean; net; scald; severity; terminal; yield", "summary": "The effect of climatic factors on net blotch severity were also investigated. The genotype by site interac- tion for net blotch severity was not statistically significant, but that for yield was.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72804", "words": "2169", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Varis, Anna-Liisa", "title": "Seasonal occurrence of Lygus bugs on field crops in Finland", "date": "1997", "keywords": "adults; bugs; crops; finland; lygus; numbers; species", "summary": "Seasonal occurrence of Lygus bugs on field crops in Finland Anna-Liisa Varis Department ofApplied Zoology, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland A long term survey ofLygus populations (Heteroptera, Miridae) was carried out on eight arable crops in southern Finland. Key words: cultivated plants, growing seasons, Heteroptera, Lygus rugulipennis, Miridae ntroduction Lygus bugs occur on numerous crop and weed plants throughout the world (Graham et al. 1984).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72850", "words": "5929", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Partanen, Kirsi; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka; Alaviuhkola, Timo; van Gilse van der Pals, Nina", "title": "Utilisation of reactive lysine from meat and bone meals of different ash content by growing-finishing pigs", "date": "1998", "keywords": "acid; ash; bone; bone meal; content; diets; fat; lysine; meal; meat; pigs; protein; sbm; science", "summary": "Avail- ability of lysine in meat meal, meat and bone meal and blood meal as determined by the slope-ratio as- say with growing pigs, rats and chicks and by chem- ical techniques. Meat meal in the diet of the early-weaned pig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72851", "words": "4048", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Rekil\u00e4, Teppo; Ahola, Leena; Mononen, Jaakko; Harri, Mikko", "title": "Effect of the environment inside and outside the cage on the activity and behaviour test performance of silver foxes", "date": "1998", "keywords": "activity; behaviour; box; cage; foxes; nest; silver", "summary": "In each of the two rows, the dif- ferent cage types were in the sequence: nest box cage, platform cage, empty cage, nest box cage, etc. (see Rekil\u00e4 et al. 1996). Silver fox cubs (43) of both sexes from 14 lit- ters were housed singly in standard fox cages (1.15 m x 1.05 m x 0.70m, LxWxH) in an unheat- ed animal barn with eight rows of cages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72852", "words": "4372", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu; Niemel\u00e4, Paavo", "title": "Seasonal and circadian changes in activity rates of adult farm blue foxes", "date": "1998", "keywords": "activity; arctic; blue; farm; females; foxes; korhonen; males; min/24; rates; wild", "summary": "A crucial problem when comparing activities of farm foxes to their wildrelatives is that activ- 27 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Korhonen, H. & Niemel\u00e4, P. Activity rates offarm blue foxes ity results gained from wild animals often con- centrates on total active time,which does not dis- criminate behaviours such as standing, sitting, eating, self-grooming, defecation, and occasional short rest periods. Key words: behaviour, daily active time, farm foxes, fur farming, yearly variations ntroduction The farm-life history of the blue fox, a colour mutation of the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus), is over 70 years old.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72853", "words": "3530", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Rokka, Veli-Matti; Lapitan, Nora L. V.; Knudson, Dennis L.; Pehu, Eija", "title": "Fluorescence in situ hybridization of potato somatohaploids and their somatic hybrid donors using two Solanum brevidens specific sequences", "date": "1998", "keywords": "brevidens; chromosomes; dna; et al; hybridization; hybrids; rokka; situ; tuberosum", "summary": "The two S. brevidens specific repeated se- quences, pSBI and pSB7, were previously shown to hybridize in situ to S. brevidens chromosomes, but not to chromosomes of S. tuberosum (Rokka et al. 1998). This is possible because some S. brevidens chromosomes can pair and recom- bine with S. tuberosum chromosomes as earlier reported by Williams et al. (1993) and McGrath et al. (1996).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72854", "words": "6484", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Skjelv\u00e5g, Arne Oddvar", "title": "Climatic conditions for crop production in Nordic countries", "date": "1998", "keywords": "agricultural; conditions; countries; crop; finland; growth; moisture; norway; production; radiation; season; soil; temperature", "summary": "However, when we consider the total production potential as ex- pressed by GI, soil moisture conditions modify the above picture considerably. If we assume that the official performance test- ing of cultivars is an objective way of screening suitable plant material, these statistics clearly show the need for locally adapted plant material in marginal crop production areas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72855", "words": "9388", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Sharpley, Andrew; Gburek, William; Heathwaite, Louise", "title": "Agricultural phosphorus and water quality: sources, transport and management", "date": "1998", "keywords": "areas; catchment; finland; flow; food; loss; management; manure; phosphorus; runoff; science; segment; soil; soil p; source; surface; surface runoff; transport; water", "summary": "5. Effect of soil P on dissolved P concentration of surface runoff from several pasture catchments (adapted from Sharpley et al. 1996) and subsurface drainage from arable Broadbalk fields at Rothamsted, UK (adapted from Heckrath et al. 1995). With this approach, accounting for the interactions among soil P, land use and hy- drological characteristics of the catchment, it is possible to better target remedial programs to critical P source areas of the catchment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72856", "words": "5719", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Luostarinen, Matti", "title": "Integrated environmental research and networking of economy and information in rural areas of Finland", "date": "1998", "keywords": "agriculture; areas; development; economy; fig; finland; food; information; interest; knowledge; luostarinen; network; new; planning; process; projects; research; science; systems", "summary": "p. ja Yhteiskunnan oma suunnitteluideologia ja ideolo- gian historiallinen kehitysvaihe vaikuttavat ehk\u00e4 mer- kitt\u00e4vimmin integroituun tutkimukseen ja sen yhteyk- siin verkostotalouden teoriaan.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72857", "words": "8281", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Carter, Timothy R.", "title": "Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future", "date": "1998", "keywords": "agricultural; century; change; climate; finland; food; lengthening; mean; period; scenarios; science; season; sites; spring; temperature; year", "summary": "First, the GSS, GSE, GSL (growing season length) and ETS were plotted at all sites and statistical anal- ysis was applied to the common period 1890- 1995 to determine possible trends in the data. This study is concerned with century-scale variations in growing season duration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72858", "words": "9295", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Kola, Jukka", "title": "Reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy and agriculture in Finland", "date": "1998", "keywords": "agenda; agricultural; budget; cap; commission; european; family; farm; finland; food; future; market; member; payments; policy; production; proposals; reform; scenario; science; states; support", "summary": "Uudistusvaihtoehtoja, joita ovat Agenda 2000:n mukainen uudistus ja CAP:n kansal- listaminen, tarkastellaan Suomen n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta. Explaining U.S. farm policy in 1996 and beyond; changes in party control and changing market conditions: discussion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72859", "words": "4443", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Fitzhugh, Hank", "title": "Contribution of livestock to food production in developing countries", "date": "1998", "keywords": "consumption; countries; crop; food; livestock; meat; production; products; regions; research; systems", "summary": "There- fore, ILRI gives priority to strengthening capac- ity for livestock research through training and information services. On average, the proportional contribution of livestock product to dietary calories and protein in developed countries is double that for developing countries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72860", "words": "6621", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Juga, Jarmo; Voutilainen, Ulla", "title": "The key elements for genetic response in Finnish dairy cattle breeding", "date": "1998", "keywords": "animal; breeding; cattle; countries; dairy; data; evaluation; finland; genetic; milk; production; response; science; selection; traits; values", "summary": "Multiple trait genetic evaluation of dairy cattle within and across country. A new era in dairy cattle genetic evaluation is the across country comparison, which gives more accura- cy to the import and export of superior semen, embryos and live animals and to joint breeding programmes between countries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72861", "words": "19502", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "Supply of nutrients and productive responses in dairy cows given diets based on restrictively fermented silage", "date": "1998", "keywords": "amino; concentrate; cows; dairy; day; diets; digestibility; effects; energy; et al; fermentation; finland; grass silage; huhtanen; intake; milk; production; protein; responses; rumen; science; silage; silage dm; supplementation; supply; yield", "summary": "Although restricting grass in silo fermentation improves silage protein value, limited supply of glucose may limit the utilisation of amino acids. Silage DM intake is positively related to digest- ibility, although this relationship is not always so clear as with dried forages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72862", "words": "8544", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Daly, Charles; Davis, Ruth", "title": "The biotechnology of lactic acid bacteria with emphasis on applications in food safety and human health", "date": "1998", "keywords": "acid; acid bacteria; bacteria; bacteriocins; eds; food; health; lab; lactic; microbiology; new; nisin; potential; products; research; salminen; science; strains", "summary": "Requirements forclinical studies of probiotic foods for functional and clinical use. The biotechnology of lactic add bacteria with emphasis on applications in food safety and human health Charles Daly and Ruth Davis Department ofMicrobiology and National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland, e-mail: Dean.food@ucc.ie Fermentalion of various foodsluffs by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is one of the oldest forms of bio- preservation practised by mankind.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72863", "words": "9133", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Palva, Airi", "title": "Contribution of modern biotechnology of lactic acid bacteria to development of health-promoting foods", "date": "1998", "keywords": "acid; activity; bacteria; brevis; delbrueckii; et al; expression; food; gene; helveticus; lab; lactis; lactobacillus; palva; protein; sequence; slpa; subsp", "summary": "In L. brevis, in contrast only one sip gene is present (Palva et al. 1992). L. brevis is a hetero- fermentative lactic acid bacterium commonly found in vegetable fermentations, sour dough, silage and the intestine of humans and animals (Wood 1992).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72864", "words": "8971", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Korhonen, Hannu; Pihlanto-Lepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Anne; Rantam\u00e4ki, Pirjo; Tupasela, Tuomo", "title": "The functional and biological properties of whey proteins: prospects for the development of functional foods", "date": "1998", "keywords": "bovine; colostrum; dairy; et al; finland; food; idf; journal; milk; peptides; processing; products; properties; proteins; science; whey; whey proteins", "summary": "Biologically functional peptides from food proteins: New Opioid peptides from milk proteins. Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins are also discussed in some detail.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72865", "words": "8692", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Heikkil\u00e4, Terttu; Toivonen, Vesa; Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "Effects of and interactions between the extent of silage fermentation and protein supplementation in lactating dairy cows", "date": "1998", "keywords": "acid; content; cows; et al; fermentation; intake; milk; protein; science; silage; supplementation", "summary": "60 SEM Silage FA I FA I FA I Silage FMlin Silage x Silage x FM, FM .Iin quad C 4 57 55 55 51 57 C 6 31 31 31 30 31 C 8 17 18 18 18 18 ClO 37 41 40 42 38 Cl 2 42 47 46 49 44 C 133 141 141 143 13514 C , 18 19 18 19 1814:1 C 4 C l 4 | total 335 352 349 352 338 Cl 6 322 314 295 317 313322 314 295 317 313 Cl6;| 24 24 25 24 24 Clgo 106 102 106 100 101 Clg:1 180 176 184 170 182 C 18;2 23 22 24 22 24 54 1.2 * NS * NS NS 31 0.6 NS NS NS NS NS 18 0.4 NS NS NS NS NS 44 1.3 ** NS NS NS NS 52 1.6 *** NS NS NS NS 149 2.3 *** NS NS NS o 19 0.3 ** NS NS NS NS 368 6.1 ** NS NS NS o 306 7.0 NS NS NS NS * 25 0.5 NS NS NS NS NS 90 2.7 * * NS NS NS 169 5.4 * NS NS NS NS 22 0.7 ** NS NS NS NS 1 Significance: NS (P>0.10), o (P<0.10), * (P<0.05), ** (P<0.01), *** (PcO.OOl) Silage fermentation acids have limit- ed value as an energy source for rumen microbes (Chamberlain 1987),and increased fermentation in the silo has resulted in a reduced efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (Jaakkola et al. 1991, 1993, Robertson et al. 1993).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72866", "words": "5822", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Shingfield, Kevin J.; Offer, Nicholas W.", "title": "Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion in lactating dairy cows", "date": "1998", "keywords": "collection; cows; creatinine; daily; excretion; mean; protein; pseudouridine; ratios; sampling; science; spot; urine", "summary": "Daily mean Ps/c ratios could account for only half of the variation in daily urinary pseudouridine excretion largely due to between-cow variations in creatinine excre- tion. Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion in lactating dairy cows Kevin J. Shingfield Grassland and Ruminant Science Department, SAC Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 SHW, United Kingdom , Current address: Agricultural Research Centre ofFinland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: kevin.shingfield@mtt.fi Nicholas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72867", "words": "6080", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Root, Tarja; Huhtanen, Pekka", "title": "Barley fibre and wet distillers\u2019 solubles in the diet of growing cattle", "date": "1998", "keywords": "barley; barley fibre; cattle; distillers; energy; fibre; huhtanen; intake; protein; silage; solubles", "summary": "Current address: Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Twenty-eight bulls were used in a 3 x 2 factorial design to study the effects of two by-products from the integrated starch-ethanol process, barley fibre and distillers\u2019 solubles, as supplements for grass silage. The three energy supplements were barley (B), a mixture (1:1 on a dry matter (DM) basis) of barley and barley fibre (BF), and barley fibre (F), fed without (DS-) or with (DS+) wet distillers\u2019 solubles (200 g kg' 1 concentrate on DM basis).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72868", "words": "7406", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Manninen, Merja; Aaronen, Ilmo; Puntila, Marja-Leena; Heikkil\u00e4, Reijo; Jaakkola, Seija", "title": "Effect of type of forage offered and breed on performance of crossbred suckler heifers and their calves", "date": "1998", "keywords": "breed; calf; calves; calving; cows; day; diet; feeding; hay; heifers; hfay; liay; milk; production; silage; weight", "summary": "The lower con- ception rate of LiAy heifers may reflect their slightly younger age and later maturity. Key words', beef heifers, calf performance, calving difficulty, feed requirement, milk production \u00a9 Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received June 1997 367 Vol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72869", "words": "5232", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Valaja, Jarmo; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka", "title": "Effect of dietary crude protein and energy content on nitrogen utilisation, water intake and urinary output in growing pigs", "date": "1998", "keywords": "amino; content; diets; energy; excretion; intake; pigs; protein; science; water", "summary": "The mean CP con- tent of high protein diets was 37 g/kg DM high- er than that of low protein diets. CP contents of the low protein (Diets 1 and 3) and high protein diets (Diets 2 and 4) were very close to each other (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72870", "words": "4325", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Palonen, Pauliina; Uosukainen, Marjatta; Laurinen, Eeva; Parikka, P\u00e4ivi; Kankila, Jyri", "title": "The Nordic Gene Bank\u2019s Prunus clone archive in Finland: I Local races of sour cherry", "date": "1998", "keywords": "amarelle; archive; cherries; cherry; clone; finland; fruit; prunus; races; self; set; type", "summary": "In comparison with sour cherries from other Nordic countries, native sour cherries in Finland have relatively small fruits. Discussion Evaluation of sour cherry fruits is greatly affect- ed by their degree of maturity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72871", "words": "3829", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Palonen, Pauliina; Uosukainen, Marjatta; Laurinen, Eeva", "title": "The Nordic Gene Bank\u2019s Prunus clone archive in Finland: II Local races of plum", "date": "1998", "keywords": "finland; fruit; group; plum; prunus; races; red; self; victoria", "summary": "Red plums Yellow plums Victoriatype plums la) lb) 1c) 2a) Beginning in early August, especially with the local races ofred plum types, leaves became greyish, developed some brown spots and then abscissed prematurely.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72872", "words": "7171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kiviharju, Elina; Puolimatka, Matti; Saastamoinen, Marketta; Hovinen, Simo; Pehu, Eija", "title": "The effect of genotype on anther culture response of cultivated and wild oats", "date": "1998", "keywords": "2,4; anther; culture; embryo; genotypes; induction; medium; oat; plant; sterilis; wild", "summary": "Callus or embryoid induction from oat anther culture was reported also by Chung (1980) and Polsoni (1991), but no plants were regenerated. Two albino plants from the intraspecific cross, and almost all of the albinos regenerated from wild oat ma- terial, were initiated on induction medium con- taining auxin, indicating a possible albino pro- duction enhacing effect of 2,4-D. Nevertheless, three oat genotypes produced a few calli only on medium with 2,4-D, indicating the complex hormonal regulation of oat anther culture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72905", "words": "3208", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Korva, J.; Varis, E.", "title": "Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia II: Crop growth and yield", "date": "1990", "keywords": "barley; cropping; farm; farming; fig; plant; suitia; systems; yields", "summary": "3.2.3 Cropping systems within groups Differences between organic systems with- in the same crop were minor. There were four conventional and four organic systems: conventional cropping systems for barley monocul- ture, cereal production, diverse plant production, or a cattle farm, and organic cropping sys- tems either for plant production with or without composting, or for cattle farms with or with- out composting.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72906", "words": "4546", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi", "title": "Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia III: Microbial activity in soils", "date": "1990", "keywords": "activities; activity; barley; cattle; dehydrogenase; farm; ley; phase; plant; plots; soil", "summary": "In many cases, soil microbial activity was still increased two to three years after the leys. This shows very well the importance of plants, especially plants with large, long-growing roots, on soil microbial activity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72907", "words": "3386", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kauppila, Raimo", "title": "Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia IV: weeds", "date": "1990", "keywords": "barley; cropping; number; species; weeds; wheat", "summary": "Weed control In conventional cropping weeds were con- trolled with herbicides, while no chemicals were used in organic cropping. In organic cropping, the number of most weeds in weed species increased from the level for 1982.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72908", "words": "4296", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Hannukkala, Asko O.; Tapio, Eeva", "title": "Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia V: Cereal diseases", "date": "1990", "keywords": "barley; conventional; cropping; cropping systems; diseases; foot; fusarium; graminis; plants; root; rot; seed; sorokiniana; systems; wheat", "summary": "On winter wheat, powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) and leaf blotch (Septoria nodorum) were more prevalent in conventional than in organic cropping systems. In organic cropping systems, the percent- age of normally germinated seed was consider- ably lower in 1985 and 1988, which indicates high infestation of seed with B. sorokiniana (Table 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72909", "words": "3523", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Helenius, Juha", "title": "Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia VI: Insect populations in barley", "date": "1990", "keywords": "aphid; barley; bembidion; catch; cropping; densities; density; june; numbers; organic; padi; spp; systems", "summary": "There were no significant differences in aphid densities between the systems in con- ventional cropping, or between the systems in organic cropping. Observations on the number of cereal aphids on the soil in relation to aphid density in winter wheat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72910", "words": "5765", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Nuutinen, Visa; Haukka, Jari", "title": "Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia VII: Earthworms", "date": "1990", "keywords": "abundance; caliginosa; cropping; cropping systems; earthworms; field; formalin; number; replicate; sampling; soil; systems; total", "summary": "The differences between conventional and organic farming are potential effectors of earthworm abundance. Winter mortality of earthworms is known to be high in North- ern Scandinavia (Bostr\u00f6m 1988), and a simi- lar reduction in earthworm abundance on arable land was observed elsewhere in South- ern Finland during the same period (personal observations).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72911", "words": "6789", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Riihonen, L.; Laine, J.; Linko, P.", "title": "Mechanically deboned meat", "date": "1990", "keywords": "bones; calcium; content; fat; field; hand; j.food; lipid; marrow; mdm; meat; oxidation; quality; sci; storage", "summary": "The origin of bone has a noticeable ef- fect on the quality of deboned meat. Djujic et al. (11) published one of the most extensive reports on the mineral content of mechanically and hand deboned meat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72912", "words": "5965", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Riihonen, L.; Laine, J.; K\u00e4rkk\u00e4inen, T.", "title": "Storage properties and quality of meats deboned by different methods", "date": "1990", "keywords": "beef; content; deboner; meat; pork; poss; samples; storage", "summary": "The colour intensity of the samples, which was measured by a diffusion method, ranged in beef samples between 20.0and 25.0 and in pork samples between 16.3 and 25.3. The changes of the pH values in pork samples were very similar to those in beef samples.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72913", "words": "3408", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Riihonen, L.; H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen, K.; V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen, E.", "title": "Applications of mechanically deboned meat in sausage mass", "date": "1990", "keywords": "inject; mdm; meat; poss; samples; sausages; star; test", "summary": "Test sausages containing the same amounts of meat recovered by the Inject Star and Poss deboners were surprisingly similar in colour. It was, however, observed that test sausages containing the same amount of meat and reco- vered in the Inject Star or Poss machines were surprisingly similar in colour (Figure 2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72914", "words": "3031", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Riihonen, L.; Linko, P.", "title": "Effect of thawing on the quality of frozen mechanically deboned meat", "date": "1990", "keywords": "meat; microwave; packaging; samples; storage; thawing; vacuum", "summary": "Although microorganisms do not grow faster on thawed meat than on fresh meat, the product is very perishable as soon as the sur- face temperature increases above O\u00b0C. It is often stated that thawed meat is more perishable than fresh meat that has never been frozen, because of the drip exuded from thawed meat, which is a good medium for microbial growth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72915", "words": "2583", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Juga, Jarmo", "title": "Selection for milk constituents in dairy cattle", "date": "1990", "keywords": "content; fat; milk; protein; selection; yield", "summary": "Index words: breeding goal, milk, protein, protein-%, selection index Introduction The breeding program in Finnish dairy cat- tle has produced a moderate improvement in milk yield and milk fat content. If selection was solely on milk yield (alter- native II), that is the case in many countries, the response in milk yield would be approxi- mately 100 kg more per generation than when selection is for protein yield (I).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72916", "words": "5508", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Distillers feeds and feed fractions of barley in the diets of laying hens", "date": "1990", "keywords": "barley; ddgs; diets; distillers; egg; eggs; feed; fibre; hens; lysine; performance; production; protein", "summary": "In the present study only methionine was added in barley DDGS diets and only lysine in the wheat DDGS diet which had lower lysine content in oder to obtain con- tents of the layers requirements. Egg yolk colour was significantly lighter in hens fed barley protein compared to control and also in enzyme-treated group com- pared to untreated (PcO.Ol).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72917", "words": "4182", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "N\u00e4si, Matti", "title": "Microbial phytase supplementation for improving availability of plant phosphorus in the diet of the growing pigs", "date": "1990", "keywords": "absorption; diets; digestibility; exp; intake; phosphorus; phytase; pigs; retention", "summary": "There are no previous reports of successful addition of microbial phytase to pig diets. P digestibility in maize-based diets has been improved by treatments other than microbial phytase supplementation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72918", "words": "3800", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Niskanen, Raina", "title": "Sorption capacity of phosphate in mineral soils: I Estimation of sorption capacity by means of sorption isotherms", "date": "1990", "keywords": "equation; langmuir; maximum; mmol; phosphate; sci; soil; sorption", "summary": "With the addition of 200 mmol/kg soil, the sorption on soil 6 was 66 mmol/kg soil (3 d, 20\u00b0C); on soil 7 it was 121 mmol/kg soil (7 d, 20\u00b0C). C time, d sorption constant mmol/kg soil kx 10!", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72919", "words": "3758", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Niskanen, Raina", "title": "Sorption capacity of phosphate in mineral soils: II Dependence of sorption capacity on soil properties", "date": "1990", "keywords": "capacity; clay; content; extractable; indicator; soil; sorption", "summary": "In the study of Kaila (1963), oxalate-extractable Al and Fe explained nearly 80 % of the variation of the Freundlich constant k in clay soils and about 60 % in coarse soils. The partial corre- lationcoefficient for the relationship between k and Al was o.7B*** (n= 151) in clay soils and o.63*** (n= 109) in coarse soils, and for the relationship between k and Fe o.46*** in clay soils and o.3o*** in coarse soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72920", "words": "1900", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Niskanen, Raina", "title": "Temperature dependence of phosphate sorption in mineral soils", "date": "1990", "keywords": "phosphate; soil; sorption", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 62: 17\u201420, 1990 RESEARCH NOTE Temperature dependence of phosphate sorption in mineral soils RAINA NISKANEN University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Because the soil material in the above studies was limited and the results were contradictory, the aim of this paper was to study in a larger soil material the effect of temperature on phosphate sorption from a low P concentration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72921", "words": "5770", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Helenius, Juha", "title": "Plant size, nutrient composition and biomass productivity of oats and faba bean in intercropping, and the effect of controlling Rhopalosiphum padi (Hom., Aphididae) on these properties", "date": "1990", "keywords": "bean; content; experiment; faba; g.s; growth; height; intercropping; mixture; monocrop; nitrogen; oats; pest; plant; stems", "summary": "Discussion In mixtures with faba bean, oats may grow taller than in the monocrops, whereas bean usually remains shorter; this is due to the dom- inance of oats in the competition (Vullioud 1969, Kortesmaa 1982, Hovinen 1983). The stand types were monocrops and replacement series of mixtures with 2/3 and 1/3 or 1/3 and 2/3 of oats (Avena saliva) and faba bean (Vida faba), respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72922", "words": "5362", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kurppa, Sirpa; Suonp\u00e4\u00e4, Marja", "title": "Infestations and distribution of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) on different varieties of barley and oats, effect of nitrogen fertilization and chemical control", "date": "1990", "keywords": "aphids; barley; base; mean; nitrogen; number; oats; padi; plant; varieties", "summary": "In the open field in 1988, significant differ- ences were found in aphid numbers per plant between varieties Pomo, Agneta and Ida at the lowest level of nitrogen fertilization (Fig. 3). Distribution of Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) on spring barley plants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72923", "words": "2329", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Varis, Anna-Liisa; Brax, Raija", "title": "Effect of bee pollination on yield and yield components of field bean (Vicia faba L.)", "date": "1990", "keywords": "bean; bees; field; plants; plots; pollination; pollinators; seeds; year", "summary": "Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 62: 45\u201449, 1990 Effect of bee pollination on yield and yield components of field bean (Vicia faba L.) ANNA-LIISA VARIS & RAIJA BRAX 1 Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. The effect of bees on the yield of field bean (Vidafaba L.) was studied in cage experiments in southern Finland during two successive years.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72924", "words": "6900", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Jaakkola, Seija", "title": "The effect of cell wall degrading enzymes on the preservation of grass and on the silage intake and digestibility in sheep", "date": "1990", "keywords": "acid; content; digestibility; effect; enzyme; exp; fermentation; grass; level; silage", "summary": "Solub. acid acid acid acid acids N Experiment 1 Unwilted grass 57 336 Formic acid 4.06 15 63 18 0.8 0 82 3.5 63 605 Wilted grass 85 325 Untreated 4.40 2 93 30 0.7 0 124 3.1 113 704 Formic acid 3.98 36 64 14 0 0 78 4.6 52 589 Enzyme A 3.95 8 133 23 0 0 156 5.8 72 679 Enzyme B 3.96 9 131 23 0 0 154 5.7 72 669 Experiment 11 Unwilted grass 65 419 Untreated 4.81 1 8 61 12.8 0.1 81 0.1 148 736 Formic acid 3.98 41 52 12 0.4 0 64 4.3 57 670 E2OO 4.15 5 92 34 4.1 0 130 2.7 119 720 E4OO 3.96 9 111 28 2.2 0 141 4.0 116 717 EBOO 3.93 17 111 20 0.9 0 132 5.6 87 676 Table 3, In-silo dry matter (DM) losses (g/kg) and the amount and DM content of effluent (g/kg) from the silages treated with different additives. The FA silages were also well preserved (pH 4.0, ammonia N 57) with more restricted fermen- tation than enzyme silages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72925", "words": "6283", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Akinola, J. O.; Addo, A. A.; Olufokunbi, K. C.", "title": "Improvement of annual forage and seed production in the sub-humid zone of Nigeria through supplement irrigation", "date": "1990", "keywords": "acc; cajan; irrigation; legumes; max; production; rainfed; species; total; yields", "summary": "While grass CP yields relied heavily on high DM yields, legume CP yields would be ob- served to have been strongly influenced by high CP contents. Average annual irrigated legume CP yield was 1.0 % more, and grass CP yield 2.9 % less, than the respective rainfed CP yields.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72926", "words": "48643", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "M\u00e4kinen, Paavo", "title": "Suomen maatalouden rakennemuutos: Tutkimus Markovin ketjujen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6mahdollisuuksista rakennekehityksen ennustamisessa ja teoreettinen analyysi rakennemuutokseen vaikuttaneista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4", "date": "1990", "keywords": ".0000; 1969; 1977\u201480; 1983\u201486; agriculture; aikana; aikav\u00e4lill\u00e4; aikav\u00e4lin; ainakin; ajan; alkioiden; alueen; alueiden; alueilla; alueittain; analysis; anon; area; atv; avulla; buckwell; chains; change; classes; costs; country; dairy; data; development; distribution; econ; edelleen; edell\u00e4; ei ole; eiv\u00e4t; eli; enemm\u00e4n; ennusteet; eri; erityisesti; esimerkiksi; esitetty; etel\u00e4; ett\u00e4; ett\u00e4 maatalouden; factors; farms; field; figure; finland; forecasts; hehtaarin; herd; huomattavasti; huomioon; hyvin; hyv\u00e4ksi; ihamuotila; ilman; income; ja ei; ja etel\u00e4; ja ett\u00e4; ja koko; ja maatalouden; ja niiden; ja sen; ja siihen; ja sit\u00e4; johtuu; joiden; joilla; joita; joka; joko; jolloin; jossa; joudutaan; j\u00e4lkeen; kaikilla; kaikki; kaksi; kannalta; kanssa; kasvaa; kaudella; kehitykseen; kehitys; kehityst\u00e4; koko; kokoluokissa; kokoluokka; kokorakenteen; koon; koska; kotiel\u00e4inten; kuin; kuinka; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; kustannusten; kuten; kuvaa; kuvio; kuviossa; k\u00e4ytetty; k\u00e4ytett\u00e4viss\u00e4; k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4; k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4; k\u00e4yt\u00f6n; laskee; lis\u00e4ksi; lrac; lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 eri; luokka; luvulla; luvun; luvussa; lyhyell\u00e4; lyhyen; lypsykarjojen; l\u00e4hde; l\u00e4hes; l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; maan; maatalouden; maataloustuotteiden; maatalousyritysten; maatilojen; maatilojen lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; mahdollista; makroaineistosta; mallin; markovin; measures; micro; mik\u00e4; model; muiden; mukaan; mutta; muuttujien; mvp; my\u00f6s; niiden; niin; noin; nollaluokan; northern; number; nyt; n\u00e4in; objectives; oikealle; ole; oletetaan; olevan; olevien; oli; olisi; olivat; olla; olleet; ollut; osalta; osittain; osuus; ovat; pellon; peltoalan; perusteella; pienempi; pienimm\u00e4n; pinta; pitk\u00e4ll\u00e4; pitk\u00e4n; pohjanmaa; pohjois; policies; policy; poultry; price; probabilities; production; prosessin; puolestaan; rakennekehityksen; rakenteen; rakenteeseen; region; saattaa; samalla; samoin; sek\u00e4; selv\u00e4sti; sen; seuraavassa; share; siihen; siin\u00e4; siirtym\u00e4todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyyksien; siirtyy; sis\u00e4; siten; sit\u00e4; size; source; southern; structure; study; suhde; suhteellisen; suhteen; suhteessa; suomen; suomessa; suomessa ja; suomi; support; suurempi; suurin; tai; tapahtuu; tapauksessa; tarkastellaan; tarkastelu; taulukko; tavoitteiden; tehd\u00e4; tilan; tilasta; todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti; toimenpiteet; toimenpiteiden; toiminnan; toinen; toisaalta; toiseen; toiseksi; tosin; transition; tuen; tukea; tuki; tulee; tuotannon; tuotannon ja; tuotannontekij\u00e4n; tuotannontekij\u00f6iden; tuotantoa; tuotteiden; ty\u00f6n; ty\u00f6voiman; t\u00e4ll\u00e4; t\u00e4ll\u00f6in; t\u00e4m\u00e4; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; t\u00e4t\u00e4; ulkopuolelle; usein; vaan; vaikka; vaikuttaa; vaikutuksia; vaikutus; vain; varsin; varsinkin; vastaa; vastaavasti; verrattuna; viel\u00e4; voidaan; vuodelle; vuoden; vuodesta; vuoksi; vuonna; vuosien; vuosina; vuoteen; year; yhden; yhteydess\u00e4; yht\u00e4; yleens\u00e4; yli; yll\u00e4; yritt\u00e4j\u00e4n; yrityksen; yritysten", "summary": "Historiaan kuuluvat kansallisen yhteis\u00f6n syntyminen ja sen yhteis- kuntaj\u00e4rjestyksen ja erityisesti sen maaomis- tusolojen kehittyminen. Keinot, joilla maatilat saadaan siiretyksi seuraavalle sukupolvelle, ja k\u00e4ytettyjen kei- nojen vaikutukset kyseisiin maatalousyrityk- siin ja koko maatalouteenpaikallisesti, alueel- lisesti ja koko maan osalta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72927", "words": "3512", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Yli-Halla, Markku", "title": "Comparison of a bioassay and three chemical methods for determination of plant-available P in cultivated soils of Finland", "date": "1990", "keywords": "experiment; methods; plant; pot; soil; uptake", "summary": "Also in Finnish soils, water and resin extractions have proved successful in predicting the uptake of soil P by plants in pot experiments (Aura 1978, Sippola& Jaak- kola 1980). The study showed that the plants were able to utilize only a small fraction of soil P. This suggests that the bulk of soil P is proba- bly of no practical significance in P nutrition of plants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72928", "words": "2844", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Varis, E.; Peltola, U.; Kauppila, R.", "title": "Seed yield and seed quality of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in growing conditions of Finland", "date": "1990", "keywords": "clover; conditions; dormancy; seeds; subterranean; varieties; yield", "summary": "The germinability and dormancy characteristics of subterranean clover seeds in 1986. The germinability and dormancy characteristics of subterranean clover seeds in 1987.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72929", "words": "3271", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Peltonen, Jari; Karvonen, Tuomo; Kivi, Erkki", "title": "The effect of climatic factors on production of spring wheat quantity to quality ratio in southern Finland", "date": "1990", "keywords": "content; grain; nitrogen; protein; quality; temperature; wheat; yield", "summary": "There was lit- tle annual variation in protein content of wheat grain before 1974 (Suomela et ai. 1977), however since 1974 there has been a de- crease in the protein content. According to Kramer (1979), with- in a wheat genotype the correlation between grain yield and grain protein content can be either close to zero, positive, or negative, de- pending on the level of fertilization.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72930", "words": "4082", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Suhonen, Irma; Kokkonen, Leena", "title": "The effect of planting date on growth, seed stalk development and yield of sweet fennel", "date": "1990", "keywords": "bulb; fino; harvest; height; july; planting; stem; width; zefa", "summary": "The ratio between the height of stem inside the bulb and bulb height increased fastest in the lot planted under cover in May and in the lot planted out in June; at the fourth harvest the relationship was 0.8. The yield quality of \u2018ZEFA-Tardo\u2019 was low because of elongated bulbs and great variation in bulb height.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72931", "words": "4642", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo", "title": "Yield reduction of spring barley in relation to disease development caused by Rhynchosporium secalis", "date": "1990", "keywords": "barley; development; disease; finland; grain; leaf; pokko; rhynchosporium; scald; secalis; weight; yield", "summary": "In the past twenty years, barley scald disease has become increasingly common in Finland. Quantifica- tion of barley yield losses caused by Rhynchospo- rium secalis using visual versus remote sensing assess- ment methods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72932", "words": "4134", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Karjalainen, Reijo; Karjalainen, Sinikka", "title": "Yield reduction of spring wheat in relation to disease development caused by Septoria nodorum", "date": "1990", "keywords": "cultivars; development; disease; grain; infection; kadett; leaf; nodorum; septoria; spring; t\u00e4hti; wheat; yield", "summary": "Our results in 1986 showed that even un- der unsuitable dry conditions S. nodorum can reduce wheat yield by s\u2014lo5\u201410 %. Integrated control of Septoria disease of wheat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72933", "words": "3762", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, P.; Karjalainen, R.", "title": "Yield reduction of oat cultivars in relation to disease development caused by barley yellow dwarf virus", "date": "1990", "keywords": "aphids; barley; bydv; disease; dwarf; grain; infection; oat; virus; yellow; yield", "summary": "The effects of barley yellow dwarf virus on the development, grain yield and yield components of oat cultivar Veli and breeding lines Hankkija 78152 and 78033 were studied in two years. Index words: barley yellow dwarf virus, yield loss, epidemiology Introduction Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), the type member of the plant luteovirus group, is trans- mitted in a persistent circulative manner by aphids (Oswald and Houston 1951).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72934", "words": "4261", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Vestberg, Mauritz", "title": "Occurrence and pathogenicity of Pythium spp. in seedling roots of winter rye", "date": "1990", "keywords": "barley; pieces; pythium; roots; rye; seedlings; species; spp; spring; water; wheat; winter", "summary": "Barley adaptation in relation to Pythium root rot. Observations on Pythium root rot ofwheat and barley.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72935", "words": "3697", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kotimaa, Marjut", "title": "Spore exposure arising from stored hay, grain and straw", "date": "1990", "keywords": "exposure; grain; hay; lung; straw", "summary": "Thirtythree farms were included in the study and hay samples were taken from baled hay, grain samples from grain which had been dried with un- heated forced air and straw samples from baled straw. Straw samples (n =5) liberated significantly higher amounts of spores (3.7 x 106 cfu/m 3 air) in comparison to hay samples (n=33) and grain samples (n=2), which liberated 0.6x10s cfu/m 3 and 0.2xl06 cfu/m 3 , respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72936", "words": "6162", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Hannukkala, Asko O.; Korva, Jukka; Tapio, Eeva", "title": "Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia I: Experimental design and summaries", "date": "1990", "keywords": "barley; clover; compost; cropping; cropping systems; experiment; farm; field; mixture; plant; seed; slurry; soil; systems; wheat; winter", "summary": "To provide manure for crops in 1984 and 1985, composts for system Cl were prepared 300 Table 2, Organic manures and other ingredientsapplied in organic cropping systems in crop sequence phases a and b in 1982\u20141988. Raw materials, N, P and K contents of the composts used in organic cropping systems in 1982\u20141988.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72937", "words": "4897", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "38", "author": "Punttila, Marja-Leena", "title": "Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran toiminnasta vuosina 1909\u20141972", "date": "1973", "keywords": "1946; acta; agralia; aikana; eri; ett\u00e4; fennica; finland; julkaisuja; kannalta; kokouksissa; kuin; kuitenkin; luvun; maassamme; maatalouden; maataloustieteellisen; maisteri; meill\u00e4; my\u00f6s; oli; olisi; olivat; ollut; ovat; pidettiin; prof; professori; ruotsi; sek\u00e4; seuran; siit\u00e4; society; suomen; toiminnan; toiminta; tri; tuli; t\u00e4m\u00e4; viime; vuoden; vuonna; vuosina; vuotta; yhteens\u00e4", "summary": "Tutkimusaiheiden todettiin lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneen mm. kemian alalla, ja erilaisten Er\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 mielenkiintoisessa esitelm\u00e4ss\u00e4\u00e4n professori Nils Westermarck sel- vitti maataloustutkimuksen asemaa ja laajuutta Suomessa muihin pohjois- maihin verrattuna.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72938", "words": "41043", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Ettala, Elsi", "title": "Boars for breeding: A study of methods of evaluation used at testing stations", "date": "1973", "keywords": "age; area; average; barrows; boars; bone; carcass; carcass characteristics; characteristics; correlations; cuts; day; differences; efficiency; evaluation; fat; feed; group; group b; growth; half; ham; leg; loin; longissimus; mean; measurement; meat; midback; muscle; phenotype; points; progeny; progeny boars; rate; results; sires; sol; sub; table; test; test boars; test points; testing; thickness; ultrasonic; weight", "summary": "Composition of feed of boar progeny 1969\u20147l. Least squares analysis of the effects of initial weight, initial age and sires on the growth of boar progeny.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72939", "words": "37409", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Korkman, Johan", "title": "Sulphur status in Finnish cultivated soils", "date": "1973", "keywords": "analysis; atmosphere; cent; clay; conditions; determination; effect; experiments; extraction; finesand; finland; material; method; mg s; nitrogen; organic; peat; phosphorus; plant; pot; precipitation; results; soil; soil extracts; soil samples; soil sci; soil sulphur; sulphate sulphur; sulphur; sulphur balance; sulphur compounds; sulphur content; sulphur deficiency; sulphur dioxide; sulphur extractable; sulphur fallout; sulphur fertilization; sulphur quantities; sulphur situation; sulphur supply; sulphur uptake; table; total; water; yield", "summary": "Determination of various criteria of soil sulphur available to plants 143 a. Determination of the sulphur extractable with 1 % NaCl 144 1. Determination of various criteria of soil sulphur available to plants Great efforts have been made to provide a chemical method of estimating the sulphur reserves of the soil which are available to plants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72940", "words": "3090", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Uusisalmi, U.; Kallio, M.; Klautschek, G.; Varo, M.", "title": "Aufzucht und Spermaproduktion bei Jungbullen unter Stationsbedingungen in Finnland", "date": "1973", "keywords": "aufzucht; bei; bullen; den; der; die; eine; jungbullen; masse; mit; pro; production; semen; sperma; spermaproduktion; tage; und; von; zwischen", "summary": "Ph\u00e4notypische Korrelation zwischen der K\u00f6rpergr\u00f6sse der Bullen und ihrer Sperma- produktion. Die Bullen der Finnischen Rasse wurden in Maunula auf ihre Eigenleistung gepriift.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72941", "words": "2712", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Kaila, Armi; Kettunen, Helin\u00e4", "title": "Magnesium-supplying power of some Finnish mineral soils", "date": "1973", "keywords": "clay; content; hci; sand; shoots; silty; soil", "summary": "Total yields of rye grass shoots and of Mg harvested in the shoots Number of Shoots g/pot* Mg in shoots mg/pot* Soil harvests without Mg Mg applied without Mg Mg applied 1. Mg Exchangeable Mg in soils \u00bbReleased from harvested nonexchangeable\u00bb in shoots original at the end difference Mg K 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72942", "words": "3212", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Laalahti, Risto", "title": "L-Iysiinill\u00e4 rikastettu kasvivalkuainen kalajauhon korvaajana lihasian rehuseoksessa", "date": "1973", "keywords": "crude; ett\u00e4; feed; group; kokeen; kuin; lysine; meal; my\u00f6s; ohra; oli; olivat; pigs; protein; rehujen; rehun; ruhon; ryhmien; sen; sikojen; vegetable; voidaan", "summary": "P\u00e4ivitt\u00e4in k\u00e4ytetyt rehum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t k\u00e4yv\u00e4t ilmi taulukosta 2, ry-m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t ja rehun raakavalkuais- Koe jouduttiin aloittamaan liian suurilla porsailla ja sen vuoksi melkein v\u00e4litt\u00f6m\u00e4sti rehun vaihdon j\u00e4lkeen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72943", "words": "2955", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Uusisalmi, U.; Klautschek, G.", "title": "Ein Beitrag zur Bewertung der Schlachtk\u00f6rperzusammensetzung an lebenden Jungsauen mit Hilfe der Ultraschall-Messmethode", "date": "1973", "keywords": "dem; den; der; die; fett; fiir; fleisch; haut; knochen; messpunkte; mit; schlachtk\u00f6rper; tabelle; ultraschall; und; vom; von; zwischen", "summary": "Riicken kg 2.87 0.41 Anted Fleisch und Knochen am Riicken % 21.08 1.34O/- Anted Haut und Fett am Riicken % 8.39 1.310//O Fleich und Knochen von der Schulter kg 2.94 0.24 Haut und Fett von der Schulter kg 0.88 0.16 Fl\u00e4che des m. long, dorsi cm2 30.77 3.30 Fett-Fleich-Verhaltnis 110.32 24.37 Punkte fiir Rilckenspeck 12.62 1.17 Riicken g ** 0.080.00 * 0.08 Fleisch und Knochen von der Schulter g * 0.06 \u2022* 0.08 * 0.12 Haut und Fett von der Schulter g *\u2022* 0.120.04 *\u2022 0.14 Ultraschall-Messpunkt 7 * 0.060.01 0.06 Ultraschall-Messpunkt 14 ** 0.080.02 * 0.11 Ergebnissen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72944", "words": "2833", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Klautschek, G.; Uusisalmi, U.", "title": "Aufzucht, Spermaproduktion und Befruchtungserfolg bei Ayrshirebullen in der Besamungsstation Salpausselk\u00e4", "date": "1973", "keywords": "bei; bullen; bulls; den; der; des; die; fiir; lebendmasse; mit; pro; rate; spermaproduktion; spermas; tag; und; von; werden; zwischen", "summary": "Korrelationen zwischen der Aufzucht, der Spermaproduktion und der non-return Rate bei Zuchtbullen. Das zeigen auch die, von Maijala (1967) fiir die finnischen Ayrshire errechneten Heritabilit\u00e4ts- werte der non-return Rate von 0,36 bis 0,47.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72945", "words": "3691", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Kaila, Armi", "title": "Calcium, magnesium and potassium in mineral soils from the southern half of Finland", "date": "1973", "keywords": "clay; samples; sand; soils; total", "summary": "In tire 95 samples of clay soils the average Ca content is %, in the 115 non-clay samples it tends to be somewhat higher, 1.13\u00b10.05 %. The mean content of total Mg in clay soils, %, is distinctly higher than that in the non-clay soils, %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72946", "words": "2823", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Varis, Eero", "title": "Pakkausmateriaalin, pakkauskoon ja s\u00e4ilytystavan vaikutus ruokaperunan laatuun", "date": "1973", "keywords": "bags; ett\u00e4; kuin; l\u00e4pin\u00e4kyv\u00e4; muovi; oli; paper; perunoiden; plastic; potatoes", "summary": "ja 7.3 %: Perunoiden kostuminen eri pakkausmateriaaleissa oli keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin: pape- rit 4,6, ja 5, muovit 15 ja 39 %.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72947", "words": "3627", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Ik\u00e4heimo, Esa; Rouhiainen, Juhani", "title": "Siipikarjanlihan tarjonnasta ja kysynn\u00e4st\u00e4 Suomessa vv. 1966\u201468", "date": "1973", "keywords": "broilerin; capita; ett\u00e4; hinnan; hinta; kananlihan; koko; koska; kuin; kulutuksen; kulutus; k\u00e4ytettiin; my\u00f6s; ole; oli; olisi; ollut; ovat; poultry; price; sbi; siipikarjanlihan; tilastollisesti; tulojousto; tuotannon; tuotanto; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; voidaan", "summary": "ennusteen mukaan siipikarjanlihan kokonaistuotos ja kulutus olisi maassamme v. 1985 25 milj. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen ensisijaisena tarkoituksena on ollut 274 selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 siipikarjanlihan tarjontaan ja kulutukseen vaikuttavia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72948", "words": "4268", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Immonen, Matti; Suomi, Kaija", "title": "Puunjalostusteollisuuden j\u00e4teliemipulveri m\u00e4rehtij\u00e4in rehuna", "date": "1973", "keywords": "aineesta; crude; dieetin; diet; digestibility; eri; ett\u00e4; j\u00e4tekoe; j\u00e4teliemipulverin; koe; kun; level; liquor; matter; mutta; my\u00f6s; noin; oli; olivat; sek\u00e4; sen; sit\u00e4; sswl; sulavuus; tasolla; trial; vain; waste", "summary": "Taulukossa 2 esitet\u00e4\u00e4n ravintoarvon kannalta t\u00e4rkeimpien aineiden pitoi- suudet nelj\u00e4st\u00e4 sulavuuskokeella tutkitusta j\u00e4teliemipulverist\u00e4 tai -siirapista ja vertailun vuoksi my\u00f6s painemenetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 saadusta USA:sta per\u00e4isin ole- vasta hemiselluloosasiirapista ja Turengin sokerijuurikasmelassista. Lehm\u00e4t olivat edell\u00e4 olleet ruokintakokeessa, miss\u00e4 niiden sjmnti, mait\u00f6tuotos ja veri- arvot oli kontrolloitu.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72949", "words": "7681", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Varis, Eero", "title": "The effects of tuber size and chitting method on the growth and yield of Amyla and Barima potatoes", "date": "1973", "keywords": "amyla; barima; chitting; method; ns ns; number; seed; seed size; size; sprouts; tubers; weight; yield", "summary": "Tuber yield per hill, g. Averages of three liftings Autumn lifting Chitting method Large seed Small seed Average Large seed Small seed Average Not chitted 497 421 459 779 694 736 Stem weight per hillChitting method Large seed Small seed Average Notchitted 395 306 350 In dark 352 277 315 In light 358 262 310 In plastic bags 327 264 295 Average 358 277 318 LSD 5 % Seed size 18 Chitting 26 The weight of the haulms of Amyla was considerably greater than that of Barima (423 and 212 g).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72950", "words": "43101", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Pihkala, K. U.; Lasola, Tapani", "title": "Kainuulaisen uudistilan edullisin suuruus ja tuotantosuunta", "date": "1973", "keywords": "1959; 1959\u201463; 1969; acta; aikana; aiv; alle; alueella; alueen; area; arvioida; arvioitu; arvo; asetettu; aver; average; barley; beef; calculations; calves; cost; cows; edelleen; edellisen; edellytetty; edell\u00e4; edullisin; ehk\u00e4; ei ole; eiv\u00e4t; eli; enemm\u00e4n; eri; erityisesti; esiintyy; esim; esitetty; esitet\u00e4\u00e4n; etenkin; ett\u00e4; evt; family; farms; fenn; finland; forest; forestry; group; growth; hay; hehtaaria; hein\u00e4n; helsinki; hevosen; hinta; horse; hours; huomioon; ik\u00e4\u00e4n; ilman; ilvessalon; income; ja eri; ja ett\u00e4; joiden; joilla; joissa; joita; joka; jopa; jos; julk; j\u00e4lkeen; kainuun; kaksi; kannalta; kanssa; kasvu; katetuotto; katsotaan; katsottu; keskim; keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin; keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen; kg ja; kivenn\u00e4ismailla; koealoilla; kohdalta; kohden; koko; koska; koskevat; kuin; kuitenkin; kuiva; kun; kustannukset; kustannus; kuten; k\u00e4ytetty; k\u00e4ytett\u00e4viss\u00e4; k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en; k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6; k\u00e4yt\u00f6n; labour; laidunkauden; laidunkausi; land; laskelmat; laskelmien; laskelmissa; laskettu; lehm\u00e4\u00e4; lienee; lis\u00e4ksi; logs; lukuja; luvut; l\u00e4hinn\u00e4; maan; maata; maatalouden; mahdollista; maidon; maidontuotannon; margin; metsien; mets\u00e4n; mets\u00e4nhoitolautakunnan; mets\u00e4talouden; mik\u00e4; milk; mineral; mukaan; muodossa; muodostuu; mutta; muuhun; muuttuvat; my\u00f6s; my\u00f6skin; m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4; niiden; niin; niist\u00e4; noin; nurmenviljelyn; n\u00e4in; n\u00e4m\u00e4; ohra; ole; olevan; olevien; oli; olisi; olla; olleet; ollessa; ollut; olosuhteissa; osaksi; osalta; otetaan; otettu; ovat; pasture; peat; perheen; period; perunan; perusteella; per\u00e4; petterson; pine; pohjois; pohjolan; pois; price; production; puitteissa; puun; puuston; quality; rehun; results; ry ja; saadaan; saattaa; saatu; sadon; samoinkuin; sato; satoja; sek\u00e4; selvi\u00e4\u00e4; siihen; siis; siit\u00e4; silage; sis\u00e4ruokintakauden; siten; sit\u00e4vastoin; soils; study; suhteellisesti; summary; suomen; suomessa; suomussalmen; suuruudesta; syyt\u00e4; s\u00e4il\u00f6rehun; taas; table; tai; tapauksessa; taulukko; taulukossa; tavalla; tehty; tekn; tekniikka; tietoja; tilat; toisaalta; total; tulokset; tuloksiin; tuotantoprosessien; turvemaan; turvemaiden; tutkimuksen; tutkimuksessa; tutkimusalueen; tutkimustiloilla; tutkimustilojen; ty\u00f6t\u00e4; t\u00e4ll\u00e4; t\u00e4ll\u00f6in; t\u00e4m\u00e4n; t\u00e4ss\u00e4; t\u00e4t\u00e4; use; uudistilan; vaikutus; vain; valtion; value; varsin; varten; vastaavasti; verraten; viel\u00e4; voidaan; voitu; vrt; vuoden; vuodessa; vuoksi; vuosina; v\u00e4lill\u00e4; wood; work; years; yhteens\u00e4; yield; yleens\u00e4; yli", "summary": "Suomussalmi study farms T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tutkimustiloilla ovat kantohinnat olleet samoina jak- soina vastaavasti 0:65/j3 ja 0;76/j 3 ja kuusi- ja m\u00e4ntypinotavaralla keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 4:67/p-m 3 ja 5:29/p-m3 , koivuhalkojen 0:85/p-m3 . Heikurainen (1959, p. 96\u2014100) on tarkastellut ojitettujen soiden juoksevan vuotuisen kuutiokasvun suhdetta leveysasteittain ja my\u00f6s it\u00e4- ja l\u00e4nsisuunnassa, ja vaikka kangasmetsien kasvueroja ei h\u00e4nen mukaansa ole syyt\u00e4 rinnastaa h\u00e4nen esitt\u00e4miins\u00e4 tuloksiin, osoittavat ne suuntaa ja ovat sopusoinnussa aikaisempien viimeksimainittuja metsi\u00e4 koskevien tutkimus- tulosten kanssa.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72951", "words": "2479", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Nissinen, Oiva", "title": "Effect of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici) on spring wheat in Finland", "date": "1973", "keywords": "grain; hja; mildew; resistance; varieties; wheat; yield", "summary": "From the plant breeder\u2019s point of view, choosing field resistant lines is, however, no solution to breeding mildew resistant varieties. According to Fajersson and Lundin (1969), combining a gene for mildew resistance into the field resis- tance variety Ring increases the grain yield in the new variety Rang in many cases by 10\u201415%.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72952", "words": "5174", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Varis, Eero", "title": "NPK-lannoituksen vaikutus Pito-perunan ravinteiden ottoon", "date": "1973", "keywords": "aikana; aineen; effect; ett\u00e4; figure; fosforin; kasvukauden; kuiva; k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n; lannoituksen; mukuloiden; my\u00f6s; ns ns; oli; perunan; piirros; pito; potato; typen; uptake; vaikutus; varsiston; yhdysvaikutus; \ufffd \ufffd", "summary": "/o /o matter ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha kg/ha in D.M. in D.M. in D.M. in D.M. in D.M. AI) **\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd **\ufffd B2)\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd * * *\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd * \ufffd *** Q3j \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd *\ufffd* \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdN P K \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd * \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd o \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd *** ns \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd **ns ns ns ns *\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns \\B *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ** AC *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** AN \ufffd** ** **\ufffd \ufffd** *** \ufffd** *** *** * ns *** AP ns (*) ** *** ns ns ns * * ns (*) Typpilannoitus lis\u00e4si p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa varsiston kaliumm\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 ja my\u00f6s sen ka- liumpitoisuutta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72953", "words": "2595", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Lindstr\u00f6m, Ulf; Maijala, Kalle; Varo, Mikko", "title": "Dairy progeny testing in Finland", "date": "1973", "keywords": "daughters; fat; month; production; progeny; test; year", "summary": "No. of daughters in 1967 No. of bulls Correlation to 1968 pro- progeny test geny test, % g 20 59 48.2 21 - 30 67 47.9 31 - 40 59 69.1 41 - 50 40 77.6 51 - 70 62 50.9 71 - 100 43 77,1 lOO 43 65.2 The most effective way of improving the overall accuracy would probably be to calculate corrected herd averages. Use of progeny test results The most important task of the progeny tests is to provide a basis for the selection of bull sires and \u00bbordinary\u00bb sires for production of female replace- ments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72954", "words": "3820", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Varis, Eero", "title": "NPK-lannoituksen vaikutus perunoiden kemialliseen koostumukseen", "date": "1973", "keywords": "aineen; contents; kasvukauden; kuiva; matter; mg/100; mukuloiden; my\u00f6s; ns ns; oli; perunoiden; piirros; pitoisuus; potatoes; taulukko; vaikutus", "summary": "Mukuloiden P-pitoisuus Mukuloiden kuiva-aineen keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen fosforipitoisuus vaihteli koe- vuosina 0.154\u20140.240 % ja tuoreiden mukuloiden fosfori-pitoisuus 31\u201450 mg/100 g. Fosforipitoisuudet alenivat kasvukauden aikana ja nousivat syk- syll\u00e4 jonkin verran (0.214-0.175-0.162-0.184 ja 37-36-38-44) (vrt. ja 13.9.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72955", "words": "1965", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Huida, Lea", "title": "Haihtuvien rasvahappojen kvantitatiivinen m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4minen p\u00f6tsinesteest\u00e4 ja s\u00e4il\u00f6rehusta kaasu-nestekromatograafisesti", "date": "1973", "keywords": "1961; acid; chromatography; fatty; gas; koska; k\u00e4ytettiin; min; my\u00f6s; oli; olivat; rasvahappojen; rumen; tutkimuksessa", "summary": "Etikkahappo ja propionihappo, samoin kuin voihappo ja isovaleriaana- happo eiv\u00e4t aivan t\u00e4ydellisesti eronneet toisistaan (kuva 1). Ep\u00e4t\u00e4ydellisesti saostunut proteiini ai- heutti kuitenkin perusviivavaikeuksia kromatografoinnin aikana ja piikit oli mitattava k\u00e4sin integraattorin asemesta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72956", "words": "2902", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Varis, Eero", "title": "NPK-lannoituksen vaikutus Pito-perunan satotekij\u00f6ihin ", "date": "1973", "keywords": "ett\u00e4; mukuloiden; my\u00f6s; ns ns; oli; perunan; piirros; pito; potato; rates; typpilannoitus; vaikutus; yhdysvaikutus; yield", "summary": "N, P- ja K-lannoituksen vaikutus versojen ja mukuloiden lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n Table 2. The effect of increased N rates on the tuber size of Pito potato 498 noituksen satoa lis\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4 vaikutus oli lievempi, mutta jatkuva, ja se suuntautui tasaisemmin varsiston ja mukuloiden osalle (vrt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72957", "words": "3667", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Ettala, Elsi", "title": "Crossbreeding experiment with mixed semen of boars of different breeds ", "date": "1973", "keywords": "crossbreds; litters; piglets; purebreds; semen; weight; yorkshire", "summary": "Purebred and crossbred progeny were identified by blood group testing. The effects of variation in initial weight, initial age and final weight upon growth during the experimental period, and the effect of carcass weight upon carcass characteristics were eliminated by least squares variance analysis (Harvey 1966) using linear regressions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72958", "words": "2505", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Orakoski, Harri; Suomi, Kaija", "title": "Sokeri- ja t\u00e4rkkelyslis\u00e4yksen vaikutus s\u00e4il\u00f6rehun sulavuuteen ja typen pid\u00e4ttymiseen p\u00e4sseill\u00e4", "date": "1973", "keywords": "digestibility; effect; ett\u00e4; oli; ollut; sci; sheep; starch; sucrose; sulavuuteen; s\u00e4il\u00f6rehun; trial", "summary": "512 Sokeri- ja t\u00e4rkkelyslis\u00e4yksen vaikutus s\u00e4il\u00f6rehun sulavuu- teen ja typen pid\u00e4ttymiseen p\u00e4sseill\u00e4 Maija-Liisa Salo, Harri Orakoski ja Kaija Suomi Yliopiston kotiel\u00e4intieteen laitos, Helsinki Saapunut 18. To- dellisen sulavuuden laskemisessa k\u00e4ytettiin Maynard ja LoosLYn (1989) m\u00e4- rehtij\u00f6ille ilmoittamaa lukua, 0.5 g metabolista typpe\u00e4 pro 100 g sy\u00f6ty\u00e4 kuiva- ainetta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72959", "words": "2609", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Salo, Maija-Liisa; Immonen, Matti; Luomaj\u00e4rvi, Ulla", "title": "Rehuyhdistelm\u00e4n sokeripitoisuuden vaikutus lehmien maidontuotantoon ja veriarvoihin ", "date": "1973", "keywords": "cows; ett\u00e4; group; koko; milk; noin; olivat; ryhm\u00e4; ryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4; sci; sokeria; sugar; viikon", "summary": "ja srv-arvon lis\u00e4ksi so- keripitoisuuteen. ja kasvutarve v\u00e4hennettiin.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72960", "words": "2787", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Szab\u00f3, G\u00e1bor ", "title": "Main trends in Hungarian agriculture", "date": "1973", "keywords": "agriculture; cent; farms; household; plots; production; scale", "summary": "The significance of household plot farms is best reflected in the figures showing their proportion in agricultural production. https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=mQFz2Wo166-xSnLW.c0BpcJwIu_M3lD0nI2WWAg.K05UPkiklWUbHI9QajBNC9KYCwXPEesnOxoIB3kP0kbpVwhFXuZ_I8_kurFEi2eZQ1Dwk8LJq3RXoyRShCDQP4eICaNyOnt9sWsVUaklA_55ydrqYL8L_lmh7aS-v3Aeir4Ydz8UJfq0m0P__doukdb6bqE_5DCx2wMddQcnur1uU3Y 529 could be Utilized and thus to start raising agricultural production and the living standard of the peasantry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-72961", "words": "3280", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Liisa; Kossila, Vappu; Sipil\u00e4, Helena", "title": "A study of nutritional status of Finnish reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus L.) in differents months:\u00a0I. Composition and volume of the rumen microbiota", "date": "1973", "keywords": "cells; ciliate; december; march; reindeer; rumen; total; volume", "summary": "The volume coefficients for rumen ciliates obtained by Westerling (1970) and that for rumen bacteria obtained by Warner (1962) were used to obtain an indication of the volume of the rumen microbe mass in reindeer. These values are of about the same mag- nitude as those obtained for other ruminants (Warner 1965), but are lower 540 than the values for rumen ciliates alone reported for reindeer by Westerling (1970).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-73149", "words": "7901", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Ylinen, Vappu; Pylkk\u00f6, P\u00e4ivi; Peura, Jussi; Tuomola, Essi; Valaja, Jarmo", "title": "Performance in blue fox (Vulpes lagopus) fed low-protein diets supplemented with DL-methionine and L-histidine", "date": "2018", "keywords": "amino; dcp; diets; p20; pelt; protein; trial", "summary": "Effects of replacing rapeseed meal with fava bean at 2 concentrate crude protein levels on feed intake, nutrient digestion, and milk production in cows fed grass silage\u2013based diets. Key words: fur animal, protein level, amino acids, growth, pelt size, pelt quality Introduction", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-73282", "words": "5723", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Staniak, Mariola", "title": "Changes in yield and nutritive value of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress", "date": "2019", "keywords": "braunii; content; drought; n.s; pratense; soil; stress; water; yield", "summary": "Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Dry matter yield (DMY) of Trifolium pratense and Festulolium braunii grown in pure stand (PS) and in mixture (MX) under optimal and drought stress conditions (g pot-1) I regrowth II regrowth III regrowth IV regrowth Treatment soil moisture conditions optimum stress optimum stress optimum stress optimum stress 2012 T. pratense PS1 37.1 \u00b1 1.39 22.9 \u00b1 2.64 21.3 \u00b1 2.54 14.0 \u00b1 0.27 12.0 \u00b1 2.29 9.0 \u00b1 0.31 - - F. braunii PS 17.9 \u00b1 1.24 21.3 \u00b1 2.40 15.7 \u00b1 0.50 16.7 \u00b1 1.20 12.2 \u00b1 0.58 10.6 \u00b1 0.42 - - T. pratense+ F. braunii MX 23.9 \u00b1 1.73 23.5 \u00b1 1.37 19.1 \u00b1 1.53 16.0 \u00b1 1.47 11.5 \u00b1 0.51 9.4 \u00b1 0.72 - - LSD0.05 2.93 2.64 n.s.3 ANOVA summary", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7354", "words": "6500", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Para\u0111ikovi\u0107, Nada; Vinkovic, Tomislav; Vinkovi\u0107 Vr\u010dek, Ivana; Tkalec, Monika", "title": "Natural biostimulants reduce the incidence of BER in sweet yellow pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)", "date": "2013", "keywords": "ber; biostimulants; c b; c en; fruits; lc c; pepper; plants; t c; yield", "summary": "Fast growth of pepper, particularly of that grown in glasshouse, correlates with lower Ca absorption from substrates and its low concentration in pepper fruits (Marcelis and Ho 1999), along with induction of BER. Application of biostimulants significantly increased the Fe content in pepper fruits in both years (Fig. 5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7355", "words": "6708", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Saastamoinen, Marketta; Pihlava, Juha-Matti; Eurola, Merja; Klemola, Ari; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hietaniemi, Veli", "title": "Yield, SDG lignan, cadmium, lead, oil and protein contents of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivated in trials and at different farm conditions in the south-western part of Finland", "date": "2013", "keywords": "cadmium; contents; finland; food; lead; lignan; linseed; oil; protein; sdg; soil; table; varieties", "summary": "Kym\u00e4l\u00e4inen and Sj\u00f6berg (2006) have reported, however, almost equally as high cadmium contents, 1.3 mg kg-1 in linseed from Si- untio, in Finlands\u2019 Uusimaa province. The differences in cadmium content between varieties were not high and no significant dif- ferences between varieties were found (Table 3 and 4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-74369", "words": "7503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kokkonen, Tuomo; Salin, Siru; Jaakkola, Seija; Taponen, Juhani; Elo, Kari; Vanhatalo, Aila", "title": "Effects of dietary energy allowance in grass silage-based diets during the dry period on production responses and utilization of body reserves in dairy cows", "date": "2018", "keywords": "calving; con; cows; d-1; dairy; effect; energy; et al; hei; intake; period; prepartum; requirements; science; weeks", "summary": "HEI cows tended to have lighter calves than CON cows, which may have masked some of the difference in maternal weight gain. Effects of dry period energy intake on insulin resistance, metabolic adaptation, and production responses in transition dairy cows on grass silage-based diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-74372", "words": "9200", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "\u015amieci\u0144ska, Katarzyna; Daszkiewicz, Tomasz; Kubiak, Dorota; Piaskowska, Natalia; \u0141ojewska, Sylwia", "title": "Quality of meat from young crossbred bulls frozen after 14 days of modified atmosphere storage", "date": "2018", "keywords": "beef; color; days; et al; freezing; loss; meat; meat samples; meat science; quality; samples; science; storage; values", "summary": "According to Zakrys-Waliwander et al. (2012), meat storage in MA with high O2 content contributes to greater drip loss, which is associated with increased susceptibility of pro- teins to oxidation. Sensory properties and shear force values The rate and extent of changes in the sensory quality of meat are determined by meat handling before packag- ing, the composition of gas mixture in MA packaging, and the time and method of meat storage (Brewer and No- vakofski 2008, Zakrys et al. 2009, Zhou et al. 2010, Resconi et al. 2012, Vitale et al. 2014).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7448", "words": "10808", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Valkama, Elena; Salo, Tapio; Esala, Martti; Turtola, Eila", "title": "Grain quality and N uptake of spring cereals as affected by nitrogen fertilization in northern conditions: a meta-analysis", "date": "2013", "keywords": "barley; content; fertilizer; grain; ha-1; protein; rates; response; test; uptake; weight; wheat; yield", "summary": "The magnitude of N uptake responses depended strongly on N rates as indicated by the weighted meta-regres- sions; it increased more steeply in SA than in MA (Fig. 4). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on grain protein content, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, in relation to estimated moisture supply.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-74582", "words": "7874", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; R\u00e4m\u00f6, Sari; Pesonen, Maiju", "title": "Effects of primary growth compared to regrowth grass silage on feed intake, growth performance and carcass traits of growing bulls", "date": "2018", "keywords": "agricultural; bulls; carcass; cut; et al; experiment; feed; grass; grass silage; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage", "summary": "The relative intake potential of silage DM (SDMI index) was calcu- lated as described by Huhtanen et al. (2007). Earlier, Steen et al. (1998) examined factors affecting grass silage intake by growing beef steers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7498", "words": "8028", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "B\u00f8en, Anne; Haraldsen, Trond Knapp", "title": "Meat and bone meal and biosolids as slow-release phosphorus fertilizers", "date": "2013", "keywords": "application; biosolids; bone; dbs; ha-1; lime; loam; mbm; meat; season; soil; uptake", "summary": "Soil P tests are used for planning the next year\u2019s fertilization and must therefore have a reasonable correlation to P uptake in the following year. The objectives of this study were therefore to evaluate three chemically precipitated biosol- ids and two types of meat and bone meal with regard to: 1) their effects as slow-release P fertilizers; 2) their sec- ond and third season effects on extractable soil P (POlsen and PAL); and 3) the three-year P balance in different soils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7500", "words": "7410", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Rankinen, Katri; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Granlund, Kirsti; Ojanen, Hannu; Laapas, Mikko; Hakala, Kaija; Sippel, Kalle; Helenius, Juha; Forsius, Martin", "title": "Climate change adaptation in arable land use, and impact on nitrogen load at catchment scale in northern agriculture", "date": "2013", "keywords": "catchment; change; climate; crop; et al; finland; future; land; nutrient; production; rankinen; sediment; spring; use; winter", "summary": "Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland. 2. Monthly mean temperatures at Leps\u00e4m\u00e4njoki catchment in the baseline period 1971-2000 and in 2055, based on interpolated projections for the study area from climate change scenarios, calculated as averages of 19 climate models and emission scenarios B1, A1B and A2 (Nakicemovic et al. 2000).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-75125", "words": "3109", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Iso-Touru, Terhi; Pesonen, Maiju; Fischer, Daniel; Huuskonen, Arto; Sironen, Anu", "title": "The effect of CAPN1 and CAST gene variations on meat quality traits in Finnish Aberdeen Angus and Nordic Red Cattle populations", "date": "2018", "keywords": "capn1; cast; cattle; meat; nrc; quality; traits; variations", "summary": "=heterozygote for allele A; BB=homozygote for allele B; sd =standard error; IMF = marbling score; a = redness; b = yellowness AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Iso-Touru et al. (2018) 27: 227\u2013231 230 Conclusions In conclusion, there were differences in NRC in various meat quality traits depending on the genotype individual had for CAST or CAPN1 gene variations, which indicates a possible selection tool for meat quality in this popula- tion. In this study we identified statistical differences between genotypes of CAST and CAPN1 gene variants with meat quality traits in a dairy breed (Nordic Red Cattle) and compared the results with beef breed (Aberdeen Angus).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-75600", "words": "6936", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Li, Honghong; Penttinen, Petri; Mikkola, Hannu; Lindstr\u00f6m, Kristina", "title": "Advantages of grass-legume mixture for improvement of crop growth and reducing potential nitrogen loss in a boreal climate", "date": "2019", "keywords": "clover; content; crop; dna; et al; fertilizer; mixture; no3; plots; red; soil; time; timothy; treatment", "summary": "Soil N content decreased during the second and third periods (Fig. For example, in a timot- hy-red clover mixture, the grass relies on soil N, whereas the legume is using biologically fixed N, and the uptake of rhizosphere N by the grass stimulates BNF of the legume (Nyfeler et al. 2011).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7629", "words": "7670", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Burgun, Christophe; Lacour, Stephanie; Delacroix, Alain; Descombes, Georges; Doyen, Val\u00e9rie", "title": "Computing time and energy requirements to assess tractor operational efficiency : application to a plowing operation", "date": "2013", "keywords": "consumption; efficiency; engine; engine speed; field; line; power; speed; time; tractor; working", "summary": "Either for the engine or for the trans- mission, each test is based on a set of different running points defined by associating engine speed and torque, -respectively- tractor speed and draft. Whereas engine speed NE and fuel consumption Ch are directly given in engineering units ([RPM], re- spectively [l/h]), the engine torque is expressed in engine load LE", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7676", "words": "5042", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Lola-Luz, Theodora; Hennequart, Franck; Gaffney, Michael", "title": "Enhancement of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) following application of commercial seaweed extracts of the brown seaweed, (Ascophyllum nodosum)", "date": "2013", "keywords": "application; cabbage; content; et al; extracts; ha-1; increase; nodosum; plants; seaweed; total; yield", "summary": "Effects of foliar spraying with marine plant Ascophyllum nodosum extract and nano iron chelate fertiliser on fruit yield and several attributes of eggplant (Solanum melongela L.). There are a number of studies indicating that application of seaweed extracts increases yield of vegetable and fruit crops.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-76822", "words": "5793", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Maante-Kuljus, Mariana; Vool, Ele; Mainla, Leila; Starast, Marge; Karp, Kadri ", "title": "Berry quality of hybrid grapevine (Vitis) cultivars grown in the field and in a polytunnel", "date": "2019", "keywords": "berry; cluster; content; cultivars; effect; field; hasanski; sladki; tunnel; weight; zilga", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Maante-Kuljus et al. (2019) 28: 137\u2013144 143 Conclusion Until now, in Estonia, table grape cultivars have been cultivated in tunnels and wine cultivars in the field. Indices of sugar-acidity as ripeness criteria for wine grapes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-77222", "words": "5264", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Olszewska, Marzenna; Grzegorczyk, Stefan; Ba\u0142uch-Ma\u0142ecka, Anna", "title": "The effect of different proportions of Medicago media Pers. in mixtures with Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus on the yield and feed value of green fodder", "date": "2019", "keywords": "alfalfa; content; cut; festulolium; mixtures; protein; sown; wsc; yield", "summary": "The share of alfalfa in the yields of mixtures with various proportions of alfalfa (30%, 50%,70%) AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Olszewska et al. (2019) 28: 18\u201326 21 In the second year of full utilization, mixture yields were determined in the range of 10.78\u201311.58 Mg ha-1 and were approximately 47% higher relative to the yield of pure-sown Festulolium (Table 2). The mixtures with alfalfa were characterized by high and stable dry matter yields and high protein content, where- as Festulolium significantly increased the content of WSC and improved the WSC:CP ratio.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-77257", "words": "6789", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Heinmaa, Lagle; P\u00f5ldma, Priit; Mirmajlessi, Seyed Mahyar; Kaldm\u00e4e, Hedi; Vangdal, Eivind; Kidmose, Ulla; Bertelsen, Marianne; Lo Scalzo, Roberto; Fibiani, Marta; Moor, Ulvi", "title": "Occurrence of mycotoxin patulin and polyphenol profile of Nordic apple juices in relation to apple cultivation system and pre-processing storage temperature ", "date": "2019", "keywords": "apples; content; et al; food; juice; krameri; organic; patulin; polyphenols; storage; talvenauding; temperature; tuvi\u00f5un", "summary": "Based on our results from the year 2015, a similar trend was noticed: 46% of organic apple juices and 33% of conventional apple juices contained patulin. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE L. Heinmaa et al. (2019) 28: 126\u2013136 126 Occurrence of mycotoxin patulin and polyphenol profile of Nordic apple juices in relation to apple cultivation system and pre- processing storage temperature Lagle Heinmaa1, Priit P\u00f5ldma1, Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi2, Hedi Kaldm\u00e4e3, Eivind Vangdal4, Ulla Kidmose5, Marianne Bertelsen5, Roberto Lo Scalzo6, Marta Fibiani6 and Ulvi Moor1 1Chair of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia 2Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium 3Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Polli, Horticultural Research Centre, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Polli, 69108 Mulgi parish, Viljandi county, Estonia 4Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO Ullensvang, NO-5781 Lofthus, Norway 5Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 \u00c5rslev, Denmark 6Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center of Agro-Industrial and Processing Technologies, (CREA-IAA), via Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy e-mail: lagle.heinmaa@student.emu.ee The aims of this study were to find out if organic apple juice (AJ) contained higher contents of polyphenols or patu- lin compared to conventional AJ, and if higher storage temperature before processing increases patulin content in juice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-77398", "words": "8410", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kaukoranta, Timo; Juhanoja, Sirkka; Tuhkanen, Eeva-Maria; Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho", "title": "Invasion potential of herbaceous ornamental perennials in northern climate conditions", "date": "2019", "keywords": "alien; clones; emergence; et al; experiment; field; finland; gardens; greenhouse; invasive; moisture; plant; production; seedling; species", "summary": "A multi-species experiment in their native range indicates pre- adaptation of invasive alien plant species. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Kaukoranta et al. (2019) 28: 45\u201357 45 Manuscript received December 2018 Invasion potential of herbaceous ornamental perennials in northern climate conditions Timo Kaukoranta1, Sirkka Juhanoja2, Eeva-Maria Tuhkanen2 and Terho Hyv\u00f6nen1 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), It\u00e4inen pitk\u00e4katu 4 A, 20520 Turku, Finland e-mail: terho.hyvonen@luke.fi Ornamental plants comprise a great share of alien plant species worldwide.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7754", "words": "11655", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": null, "title": "afs-7754", "date": null, "keywords": "agricultural; capital; cent; change; gdp; land; lfa; lfa land; model; national; percentage; poland; polish; polterm; real; regional; regions; row; supply; support; table", "summary": "The user-price of LFA land must fall (row 26) to induce land users to absorb the increase in LFA land supply. We obtained data delineating LFA land by NUTS2 region in Poland from IUNG (Institute of Soil Science and Land Cultivation) (MARD 2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7781", "words": "7603", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju; K\u00e4m\u00e4r\u00e4inen, Hilkka; Kauppinen, Risto", "title": "A comparison of purebred Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian \u00d7 beef breed bulls for beef production and carcass traits", "date": "2013", "keywords": "beef; breed; bulls; carcass; fat; hol", "summary": "However, increasing carcass weight with the present breed distribution is not desirable, as beef carcasses are al- ready adequately fat or over-fat at existing carcass weights (Herva et al. 2011). However, the current situation is complicated because fatness generally increases with higher carcass weight (Keane and Allen 1998) and, on the other hand, market demand in Scandinavia concerning carcass fat is different from those beef markets where marbled beef is favoured (Herva et al. 2011).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7799", "words": "1112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Vanhatalo, Aila", "title": "Preface", "date": "2013", "keywords": "dairy; issue; research; silage", "summary": "Therefore, the paper on silage microbiology is followed by a comprehensive review of Frank Driehuis summarizing current knowledge about silage and the safety and quality of dairy foods. The Special issue begins with a review of Richard Muck focusing on recent advances in silage microbiology.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-78169", "words": "6065", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Kowalska, Iwona; Konieczny, Anna", "title": "Effect of mycorrhiza on yield and quality of lettuce grown on medium with different levels of phosphorus and selenium", "date": "2019", "keywords": "amf; concentration; content; dm-3; effect; lettuce; mycorrhizal; n.s; phosphorus; plants; selenium; substrate", "summary": "The experiment was conducted in three-factor sys- tem and the experimental factors were as follows: inoculation of plant roots with AMF or lack of it (+AMF/\u2013AMF), content of P in the substrate (140 mg dm-3, the optimal level, or 70 mg dm-3) and content of Se (0, 6 or 12 mg dm3). The experiment involving cultivation of red clover demonstrated that sequestration of orobranchol, a sesquiterpene compound, by plant roots was regu- lated by the concentration of P in the root zone and increased under conditions of decreasing concentration of this macroelement in the root zone (Yoneyama et al. 2007).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7887", "words": "3518", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kettunen, Riitta; Saarnio, Sanna", "title": "Biochar can restrict N2O emissions and the risk of nitrogen leaching from an agricultural soil during the freeze-thaw period", "date": "2013", "keywords": "biochar; mesocosms; n2o; nh4; soil; water", "summary": "We found that soil amended biochar can significantly diminish the burst of N2O after the soil FT event (by 61% just after FT event) and substantially reduce the risk of NO3-N and NH4 +-N leaching from the agricultural soil. Soil water content and freezing temperature affect freeze-thaw related N2O production in organic soil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7897", "words": "7228", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Olle, Margit; Vir\u0161ile, Akvile", "title": "The effects of light-emitting diode lighting on greenhouse plant growth and quality", "date": "2013", "keywords": "blue; et al; green; growth; leaf; leds; lettuce; light; lighting; m-2; red; s-1; supplemental; \u00b5mol", "summary": "It was offered to enrich red LED light with the spectra of blue fluorescent light (Bula et al. 1991, Yorio et al. 2001, Yorio et al. 2011), how- ever the apparent era of LED researches started, when blue LEDs were introduced to the market. Similar results were obtained, when red LED light was supplemented with blue light form blue fluorescent lamps (Yorio et al. 2001, Yorio et al. 2011).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-79329", "words": "8094", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Keskinen, Riikka; R\u00e4ty, Mari; Kaseva, Janne; Hyv\u00e4luoma, Jari", "title": "Variations in near-saturated hydraulic conductivity of arable mineral topsoils in south-western and central-eastern Finland", "date": "2019", "keywords": "conductivity; et al; field; flow; head; hydraulic; infiltration; k(h; measurements; moisture; pressure; science; soil; supply; tillage; water", "summary": "Soil hydraulic conductivity is dynamic by nature, so the spatial and especially temporal variation in measured val- ues may be one order of magnitude or even greater (Elrick and Reynolds 1992, Messing and Jarvis 1993, Hu et al. 2009, Bodner et al. 2013). Soil hydraulic conductivities and their spatial and temporal variations in a Ver- tisol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-79458", "words": "5294", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Vi\u0161kelis, Jonas; Uselis, Nobertas; Liaudanskas, Mindaugas; Lanauskas, Juozas; Bielicki, Pawel; Univer, Toivo; Lepsis, Janis; Kviklys, Darius", "title": "Location effects across northeastern Europe on bioactive compounds in apple fruit", "date": "2019", "keywords": "apple; compounds; estonia; food; phenolic; poland", "summary": "However, studies that measure the influence of apple tree growing location on the internal quality of the fruit (secondary metabolites, phytochemical composition) have not yet been performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the geographical apple-tree growing location on the accumulation of dominant bioactive compounds in apple fruits: phenolics and triterpenes as the most valuable substances for human health.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-79500", "words": "9205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Eriksson, Taina; Halla, Hilkka; Heikkil\u00e4, Marikka; Kalliom\u00e4ki, Helka", "title": "Bridging entrepreneurial competencies and business model innovation: insights on business renewal in the small horticulture businesses in Finland", "date": "2019", "keywords": "bm innovation; business; competencies; competency; entrepreneurs; et al; family; firm; industry; innovation; management; model; new; research; study", "summary": "Entrepreneurial competencies have been recognized to have a connection to the venture performance (Chandler and Jansen 1992, Pukkinen 2018). The framework brings together the stands of literature focusing on entrepreneurial competencies and BM innovation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-79829", "words": "6594", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia; Jalava, Taina; J\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4, Eila; Kahala, Minna; Blasco, Lucia; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka; Kuoppala, Kaisa", "title": "Carrot by-product fermentation quality and aerobic spoilage could be modified with silage additives", "date": "2019", "keywords": "acid; carrot; control; ensiling; feed; fermentation; food; lab; products", "summary": "By-products such as carrot derived feed materials may also have positive effects in feeding of livestock as it is read- ily consumed and is rich in e.g. carotene. Type of raw material and additive effects on the composition and quality of ensiled carrot by-products in Experiment 2 (10 kg fresh matter per bucket) after 21 days in room temperature Carrot with pieces Carrot without pieces SEM p-value Control LAB1 FA Control LAB1 FA R C LAB1 C FA LAB1 FA DM, g kg-1 60 61 75 60 64 75 0.9 0.46 0.17 <0.01 <0.01 Chemical composition, g kg-1 DM Ash 88 87 67 79 78 66 0.7 <0.01 0.47 <0.01 <0.01 CP 72 73 78 71 71 82 0.6 0.95 0.62 <0.01 <0.01 WSC 10 11 394 6 6 245 1.7 <0.01 0.89 <0.01 <0.01 pH 3.60 3.58 3.80 3.73 3.77 3.78 0.012 <0.01 0.73 <0.01 <0.01 Ammonia N, g kg-1 N 29 28 150a 29 28 165a 6.1 0.51 0.82 <0.01 <0.01 Fermentation acids, g kg-1 DM Lactic acid 192 190 2 139 141 6 3.0 <0.01 0.98 <0.01 <0.01 Acetic acid 53.1 52.3 5.9 33.6 35.7 6.4 0.70 <0.01 0.61 <0.01 <0.01 Propionic acid 4.7 4.5 0.9 4.0 4.2 0.9 0.09 0.03 0.92 <0.01 <0.01 Butyric acid 0.34 0.33 0.27 0.33 0.31 0.27 <0.01 0.41 0.14 <0.01 <0.01 Weight loss, % 0.21 0.63 0.25 0.38 0.46 0.13 0.094 0.65 0.03 0.30 <0.01 Yeast1), cfu g-1 <1.0\u00d7103 4.8\u00d7103 6.1\u00d7103 2.8\u00d7103 <1.0\u00d7103 <1.0\u00d7103 1.2\u00d7103 0.05 0.42 0.20 0.59 Lactic acid bacteria, cfu g-1 2.0\u00d7108 2.2\u00d7108 1.8\u00d7104 1.5\u00d7108 1.1\u00d7108 3.1\u00d7105 2.7\u00d7107 0.06 0.77 <0.01 <0.01 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Rinne et al. (2019) 28: 59\u201369 67 Discussion The composition of the carrot by-product raw materials was rather well comparable to the reference values for whole carrots (Luke 2019).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-7991", "words": "4051", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Sev\u00f3n-Aimonen, Marja-Liisa; Uimari, Pekka", "title": "Heritability of sow longevity and lifetime prolificacy in Finnish Yorkshire and Landrace pigs", "date": "2013", "keywords": "finnish; landrace; lpl; number; piglets; traits; yorkshire", "summary": "The heritability estimates obtained for sow longevity traits in Finnish Yorkshire and Finnish Landrace were similar to those for the reproductive traits, indicating that there is sufficient genetic variation for selection in both breeds. Further, no genetic correlation was found between LPL or TBA and backfat thickness at 100 kg of live weight, which means that backfat thickness cannot be used as an indicator trait of sow longevity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8007", "words": "8929", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Lehtonen, Heikki Sakari; Irz, Xavier", "title": "Impacts of reducing red meat consumption on agricultural production in Finland", "date": "2013", "keywords": "beef; changes; consumption; demand; emissions; finland; food; meat; meatm1; model; production; products; red", "summary": "In fact, the simulated change in domestic GHG emissions due to reduced red meat production is even slightly positive (+1%; Fig. 10). AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE H. Lehtonen & X. Irz (2013) 22: 356\u2013370 356 Impacts of reducing red meat consumption on agricultural production in Finland Heikki Lehtonen1 and Xavier Irz1 1)MTT Agrifood Research Finland/Economic Research, Latokartanonkaari 9 00790 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: heikki.lehtonen@mtt.fi This paper summarises the simulated effects on Finnish agricultural production and trade of a 20% decrease in Finn- ish demand for red meat (beef, pork, lamb).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8095", "words": "12086", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Anders, Elena; Watzinger, Andrea; Rempt, Franziska; Kitzler, Barbara; Wimmer, Bernhard; Zehetner, Franz; Stahr, Karl; Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie; Soja, Gerhard", "title": "Biochar affects the structure rather than the total biomass of microbial communities in temperate soils", "date": "2013", "keywords": "biochar; biomass; content; day; eschenau; et al; experiment; field; greenhouse; kaindorf; nitrogen; plfas; science; soil; traismauer; treatments", "summary": "Nutrient dynamics, microbial growth and weed emergence in biochar amended soil are influenced by time since application and reapplication rate. Key words: biochar, PLFAs, soil microbial communities, temperate soil Introduction Biochar is the solid residue obtained after the pyrolysis of organic material under the exclusion of oxygen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8147", "words": "9624", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "M\u00e4kinen, Heikki", "title": "Farmers\u2019 managerial thinking and management process effectiveness as factors of financial success on Finnish dairy farms", "date": "2013", "keywords": "construct; farm; farmer; farming; management; margin; model; operating; performance; process; profitability; success; thinking; variables", "summary": "McBride and Johnson (2006) and Solano et al. (2006) conclude that it is difficult to characterize farm management by basic characteristics of farm operator or proxies like efficiency of financing, solidity of the farm, and success in cattle breeding. Textbooks about farm management focus heavily on production and cost theory to answer questions about resource allocation and optimal input and output mixes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8153", "words": "6688", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Niemi, Jarkko K.; Hakala, Kaija; Sipil\u00e4inen, Timo", "title": "Do farmers rapidly adapt to past growing conditions by sowing different proportions of early and late maturing cereals and cultivars?", "date": "2013", "keywords": "area; barley; changes; cultivars; cultivation; finland; peltonen; sainio; wheat; year", "summary": "For example, increase in late summer precipita- tion in the preceding year (generally represented as a challenge to harvests of late maturing crops) coincided with increased area of spring barley cultivation in the following year (Fig. 7b) and use of wheat cultivars that matured slightly earlier (r= \u22120.54, p=0.05). Hakala et al. (2012) demonstrated variability in barley cultivars adapted to northern Euro- pean growing conditions in their response to climatic constraints during different phenological phases.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8155", "words": "9769", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Karer, Jasmin; Wimmer, Bernhard; Zehetner, Franz; Kloss, Stefanie; Soja, Gerhard", "title": "Biochar application to temperate soils: effects on nutrient uptake and crop yield under field conditions", "date": "2013", "keywords": "application; bc application; biochar; effects; et al; ha-1; ha-1 bc; kg ha-1; maize; nutrient; plant; soil; study; t ha-1; uptake; water; yield", "summary": "The particular effects of BC application on soil and plant yield, however, are not only dependent on the quality of the BC, but also on the specific soil characteristics (e.g. soil texture, SOM, pH). In their study, maize yield was within the current average yields of this region and hence, G\u00fcere\u00f1a et al. (2013) suggest that specific soil productivity constraints have to be identified before BC application.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8160", "words": "4450", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Rajala, Ari; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo", "title": "Slow-release fertilizer to increase grain N content in spring wheat", "date": "2013", "keywords": "fertilizer; grain; nitrogen; peltonen; release; sainio; wheat; yield", "summary": "However, in the literature, various results have been reported for slow- release N fertilizer response; reduced yield, grain N and N uptake (McKenzie et al. 2007), increased yield and re- duced grain N (Beres et al. 2010), and no yield effect, but increased grain N and N recovery (Haderlein et al. 2001). Lower N availability had a relatively small effect on grain yield, but a marked effect on grain N and consequently the potential end-use of the grain lot.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8161", "words": "3660", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Hickey, Mary Clare; French, Padraig; Moloney, Aidan", "title": "The effect of housing on the diurnal behavioural profile of beef heifers", "date": "2014", "keywords": "animals; behaviour; day; grazing; housing; lying; time", "summary": "The second objective of this study was to determine if the altered behaviour observed during housing would revert to that of grazing animals post turnout. Animal behaviour was recorded manually outdoors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8195", "words": "7105", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m, Mats; Isendahl, Christian; Eriksson, Jan; Ara\u00fajo, Suzana Romeiro; Rebellato, Lilian; Schaan, Denise Pahl; Stenborg, Per", "title": "Using proximal soil sensors and fuzzy classification for mapping Amazonian Dark Earths", "date": "2013", "keywords": "ade; area; class; data; eca; field; gamma; horizon; mapping; msa; properties; sensor; soil; values", "summary": "Interpolated maps of soil properties normally used as indicators of ADE soils. ADE soils are rich in archaeological artefacts, nutrients, organic matter and carbon in the very stable form of pyrogenic carbon, also referred to as black carbon or biochar.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8230", "words": "4745", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Svecnjak, Zlatko; Jenel, Marina; Bujan, Marija; Vitali, Dubravka; Vedrina Dragojevi\u0107, Irena", "title": "Trace element concentrations in the grain of wheat cultivars as affected by nitrogen fertilization", "date": "2013", "keywords": "concentrations; cultivars; elements; fertilization; grain; table; trace; wheat", "summary": "Nutritional quality of wheat grain, including its trace element status is of interest for both agronomists and nutritionists. Concentrations of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in wheat grain have received particular attention due to the widespread deficiency of these trace elements in humans (Welch & Graham 2004).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-82721", "words": "6654", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Kowalska, Jolanta; Lenart, Andrzej; Roszkowska, Sylwia ; Kowalska, Hanna", "title": "The influence of chokeberry juice and inulin as osmotic-enriching agents in pre-treatment on polyphenols content and sensory quality of dried strawberries", "date": "2019", "keywords": "chokeberry; content; drying; food; fruit; inulin; juice; microwave; polyphenols; samples; solution; strawberries", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. Kowalska et al. (2019) 28: 190\u2013199 190 The influence of chokeberry juice and inulin as osmotic-enriching agents in pre-treatment on polyphenols content and sensory quality of dried strawberries Jolanta Kowalska1,3, Andrzej Lenart2,3, Sylwia Roszkowska1,3 and Hanna Kowalska2,3 1Department of Technology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland 2Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland 3Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland e-mail: jolanta_kowalska@sggw.pl The objective of this study was to explain the effect of osmotic dehydration pre-treatment (chokeberry juice or inu- lin) and drying method (microwave-convective drying or freeze-drying) on polyphenols content, antioxidant activity and sensory properties of dried strawberries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-82788", "words": "8394", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Hakala, Kaija", "title": "Climate change and its effects on agricultural production in Finland \u2013 research efforts during the past 50 years", "date": "2020", "keywords": "adaptation; agriculture; climate change; co2; effects; environment; finland; finnish; food; hakala; ipcc; production; research; science; working", "summary": "The majority of the scientific articles concerning climate change effects on agriculture in Finland were published by the research projects ILMASOPU (Adaptation of Finnish agro-food sector to climate change) led by Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, ADACAPA (Enhancement of adaptive capacity of Finnish agricultural and food sector) led by Helena Kahiluoto and TUPOLEV (Alien pest species in agriculture and horticulture in Finland) led by Terho Hyv\u00f6nen. The first scientific publications on the effects of climate change on agriculture and forestry in Finland appeared in the early 1980\u00b4s.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-83308", "words": "6197", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte E; Stoltz, Eva", "title": "Influence of seed treatment with mineral nutrient products on emergence and growth in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)", "date": "2019", "keywords": "bff; emergence; field; growth; mineral; norotec; nutrients; products; seed; table; treatments; yara", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Stoltz & A.-C. Wallenhammar (2019) 28: 145\u2013154 145 Influence of seed treatment with mineral nutrient products on emergence and growth in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Eva Stoltz1 and Ann-Charlotte Wallenhammar1,2 1Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, PO Box 271, SE 701 45 \u00d6rebro, Sweden 2Swedish Agricultural University, Department of Crop Production Ecology, PO Box 7043, SE-751 07 Uppsala, Sweden e-mail: Ann-Charlotte.Wallenhammar@hushallningssallskapet.se Seed treatment with mineral nutrients in spring oilseed rape (SOR) under cold climatic conditions has the potential to improve the outcome of production. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of mineral nutri- ents applied as seed treatment on germination and growth of roots and biomass in SOR.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-83337", "words": "7243", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Romaneckas, Kestutis; Kimbirauskien\u0117, Rasa; Adamavi\u010dien\u0117, Aida; Buragiene, Sidona; Sinkevi\u010dien\u0117, Au\u0161ra; Sarauskis, Egidijus; Jasinskas, Algirdas; Minajeva, Aleksandra", "title": "Impact of sustainable tillage on biophysical properties of Planosol and on faba bean yield", "date": "2019", "keywords": "bean; crop; cultivation; et al; faba; penetration; plots; resistance; romaneckas; soil; tillage", "summary": "Prior to soil tillage in spring and after sowing, the highest soil penetration resistance was observed in NT plots (Fig. Soil physical properties and earthworms as affected by soil tillage systems, straw and green manure management.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-83441", "words": "7879", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Kolberg, Dorothee; B\u00f8rresen, Trond; Riley, Hugh", "title": "Timeliness and traffic intensity in spring fieldwork in Norway: Importance of soil physical properties, persistence of soil degradation, and consequences for cereal yield", "date": "2020", "keywords": "effects; et al; fieldwork; intensity; penetration; resistance; soil; sowing; spring; timing; traffic; yield", "summary": "In addition, soil penetration resistance was significantly affected by the experimental treatments in July and September. Manuscript received June 2019 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE D. Kolberg et al. (2020) 29: 154\u2013165 155 Earlier studies on effects of traffic intensity on soil physical properties and crop yield in Norway often represented traffic by wheeling under wet conditions in early spring.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-83442", "words": "7208", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Ferris, Conrad Peter; Jiao, Haopeng; Murray, Stephen; Gordon, Alan; Laidlaw, Scott", "title": "Effect of dairy cow genotype and concentrate feed level on cow performance and enteric methane emissions during grazing", "date": "2020", "keywords": "ch4; concentrate; cows; crossbred; dairy; emissions; et al; holstein; milk; production; science", "summary": "This study was funded by the government of the United Kingdom (UK) as part of a project designed to help im- prove the UK GHG inventory, and was designed to contribute information on emissions from grazing dairy cows, and from dairy cows of different genotypes. Effect of concentrate feed level and cow genotype on methane (CH4) emissions from grazing dairy cows (mean of the three CH4 measurement periods)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-83737", "words": "7205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Romaneckas, Kestutis; Avizienyte, Dovile ; Adamaviciene, Aida; Buragiene, Sidona; Kriauciuniene, Zita; Sarauskis, Egidijus; Kriauciuniene, Zita", "title": "The impact of five long-term contrasting tillage systems on maize productivity parameters", "date": "2020", "keywords": "average; canopy; conditions; crop; et al; grain; maize; plots; ploughing; shallow; soil; table; tillage; yield", "summary": "Assessing the effect of soil tillage on crop growth A meta- regression analysis on European crop yields under conservation agriculture. Thus, the future of conservation agriculture (including conservation soil tillage) in Europe, based on the yield response, is optimistic (Kert\u00e9sz and Madar\u00e1sz 2014).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8411", "words": "6626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Hanczakowska, Ewa; Swiatkiewicz, Malgorzata", "title": "Legume seeds and rapeseed press cake as substitutes for soybean meal in sow and piglet feed", "date": "2013", "keywords": "content; day; feed; group; lupine; piglets; protein; rapeseed; sows", "summary": "An adverse effect of pea in piglet feed was found also by Valencia et al. (2008). In yellow lupine we found high protein content (398 g kg-1), higher than that found by Sudzinova et al. (2009), 313 g kg-1 or Martinez-Villaluenga et al. (2006), 370 g kg-1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8431", "words": "8091", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Xie, Zhichun; Fan, Jinshuan; Charlebois, Denis; Roussel, Dominique; Dub\u00e9, Claudine; Charles, Marie Th\u00e9r\u00e8se; Khanizadeh, Shahrokh", "title": "Agronomic characteristics and phytochemical profiles of advanced June-bearing strawberry lines for the northern Canadian climate", "date": "2014", "keywords": "acid; antioxidant; capacity; chemistry; compounds; content; et al; food; fruits; g\u22121; journal; phenolic; strawberry; total", "summary": "Effect of storage temperatures on antioxidant capacity and aroma compounds in strawberry fruit. Cultivar based selection and genetic analysis of strawberry fruits with high levels of health promoting compounds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-84737", "words": "7592", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Arja; Rinne, Marketta; Huuskonen, Arto; Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, Arja", "title": "Efficacy of different additives in ensiling faba bean and field pea based whole crop silages ", "date": "2019", "keywords": "acid; concentration; crop; ensiling; et al; fbw; fermentation; kg-1; quality; science; sepp\u00e4l\u00e4; silage; stability", "summary": "Heating of high DM silage is a more commonly mentioned risk among farmers than heating of low DM silages. Reasons for that are higher porosity, difficulty to compact sufficiently and higher final temperature of high DM silage compared to low DM si- lage (Wilkinson and Davies 2013).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-84790", "words": "11858", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Schmidt, Christoph Stephan; Mrnka, Libor; Frant\u00edk, Tom\u00e1\u0161; B\u00e1rnet, Martin; Vos\u00e1tka, Miroslav; Baldassarre \u0160vecov\u00e1, Eva; Baldassarre \u0160vecov\u00e1, Eva", "title": "Impact of protein hydrolysate biostimulants on growth of barley and wheat and their interaction with symbionts and pathogens", "date": "2020", "keywords": "amf; application; barley; bbch; disease; effect; et al; experiment; field; growth; hydrolysate; level; low; n.s; plant; pot; severity; table; treatments; wheat", "summary": "n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. - - wheat n.s.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-85089", "words": "8189", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Savonen, Outi; Kairenius, Piia ; M\u00e4ntysaari, P\u00e4ivi; Stefanski, Tomasz; Pakkasmaa, Juhana ; Rinne, Marketta; Savonen, Outi", "title": "The effects of microcrystalline cellulose as a dietary component for lactating dairy cows", "date": "2020", "keywords": "cellulose; cows; diet; digestibility; et al; feed; inclusion; intake; mcc; milk; production", "summary": "g MCC kg DM-1; 1Significance of linear and quadratic (Quad) effects of MCC inclusion in the diet; 2METAB = metabolizable energy based on tabulated feed values according to Luke (2020); Digestibility of conventional cel- lulose pulp (Saarinen et al. 1959) and dissolving pulp (N\u00e4si 1984) have been found to be high, but information of MCC digestibility in vivo in ruminants was lacking.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-85114", "words": "6472", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "K\u00f6nig, Walter; K\u00f6nig, Emilia; Elo, Kari; Vanhatalo, Aila; Jaakkola, Seija", "title": "Effects of sodium nitrite treatment on the fermentation quality of red clover-grass silage harvested at two dry matter concentrations and inoculated with clostridia", "date": "2019", "keywords": "acid; clostridia; content; fermentation; herbage; kg-1; k\u00f6nig; ldm; matter; nitrite; quality; silage; sodium; wsc", "summary": "The restrictive effect of formic acid on silage lactic acid fermentation and the resulting mi- nor influence on osmolality might explain butyric acid fermentation in FA treated silages. In LDM silage butyric acid was detected only in formic acid-treated silage, and the number of clostridia copies was higher in formic acid-treated than in sodium nitrite treated silage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-85141", "words": "8852", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Niemel\u00e4inen, Oiva; Hannukkala, Antti; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hakala, Kaija; Niskanen, Markku; Laine, Antti; Niemel\u00e4inen, Oiva", "title": "Increase in perennial forage yields driven by climate change, at Apukka Research Station, Rovaniemi, 1980-2017", "date": "2020", "keywords": "climate; cut; fescue; meadow; period; study; timothy; year; yield", "summary": "However, during P1 timothy trials were cut slightly later (at hay stage) than the meadow fescue trials (at silage stage). Number of results for the first, second and third year stands of timothy, meadow fescue and tall fescues during study periods P1, P2, P3 and P4 are presented in Table 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-85221", "words": "7637", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Keres, Indrek; Alaru, Maarika; Eremeev, Viacheslav ; Talgre, Liina; Luik, Anne; Loit, Evelin; KERES, INDREK", "title": "Long-term effect of farming systems on the yield of crop rotation and soil nutrient content", "date": "2020", "keywords": "conventional; crop; farming; org; plant; soil; system; term; total; treatments; winter; years; yield", "summary": "This article discusses the long-term effects of organic and mineral fertilisers on soil P, K and pH level dynamics in organic and conventional farming sys- tems over 10 years. PK-balance in the soil of different treatments Since cover crops and red clover biomass and straw of other crops were not removed from the field, the values of these data were not accounted for in the balance calculation of soil P and K (Table 4 and 5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8542", "words": "12013", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Haapala, Tapani; Palonen, Pauliina; Korpela, Antti; Ahokas, Jukka", "title": "Feasibility of paper mulches in crop production \u2014a review", "date": "2014", "keywords": "black; brown; et al; kraft; kraft paper; m-2; materials; mulch; mulches; mulching; paper; paper mulch; plastic; polyethylene; production; soil; use; weed; yield", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Haapala et al. (2014) 23: 60\u201379 60 Feasibility of paper mulches in crop production: a review Tapani Haapala1, Pauliina Palonen1, Antti Korpela2 and Jukka Ahokas1 1University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 62, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: tapani.haapala@helsinki.fi Mulching has become an important practice in modern field production. This article reviews the published research on paper mulches and discusses the opportunity that they offer for solving the problems of the immense use of plastics in agriculture and the associated environmental threat.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8558", "words": "8129", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi", "title": "Performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley silage with or without protein supplementation relative to a grass silage-based diet", "date": "2013", "keywords": "barley; barley silage; bulls; carcass; crop; crop barley; diets; grass; grass silage; huuskonen; protein; science; silage; supplementation", "summary": "Effects of replacing grass silage with barley silage in dairy cow diets. In addition, recent advances in plant breeding, agronomic practices and forage conservation technologies are expanding opportunities for these alternative crops (Wallsten 2008) and nowadays small-grain cereals are widely used as whole crop silages for animal feed in temperate climates.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8576", "words": "6782", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Hasperue, Joaquin; Lemoine, Mar\u00eda; Chaves, Alicia; Mart\u00ednez, Gustavo Adolfo", "title": "Effect of time of day for harvest and postharvest treatments on the sugar metabolism of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)", "date": "2014", "keywords": "activity; broccoli; chlorophyll; day; et al; mcp; postharvest; samples; senescence; starch; storage; sucrose; treatments", "summary": "Several reports have shown that treatments that delay the sugar loss (Carlin et al. 1990, Costa et al.2005, Lemoine et al. 2007) or treatments that feed with glucose or sucrose (Nishikawa et al. 2005, Hasperu\u00e9 et al. 2011) can delay postharvest senescence. In- vertases also have been associated with a role as a regulator of the amount of sucrose during senescence (Hurst et al. 1996, Coupe et al. 2003a, McKenzie et al. 2004, Eason et al. 2007).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8577", "words": "7436", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Tomovic, Vladimir Milo; Zlender, Bozidar Anton; Jokanovi\u0107, Marija Radomir; Tomovic, Mila Svetozar; Sojic, Branislav Vladimir; Skaljac, Snezana Branko; Tasic, Tatjana Aleksandar; Ikonic, Predrag Mirko; Soso, Milena Mladen; Hromis, Nevena Miroslav", "title": "Technological quality and composition of the M. semimembranosus and M. longissimus dorsi from Large White and Landrace Pigs", "date": "2014", "keywords": "breed; colour; et al; exudative; meat; muscles; pork; quality; science; value", "summary": "The results of this study are in accordance with the conclusion of Bendall and Swatland (1988), van Laack et al. (1994), Joo et al. (1999) and Joo et al. (2000a 2000b) that the initial and ultimate pH values were not always a reli- able predictor for ultimate pork quality and its relation to both color and WHC of pork muscle should be more care- fully investigated, although it is evident that pH values are significantly related to both colour and WHC (Table 2). Moreover, other param- eters like: electrical conductivity (Joo et al. 2000a, Lee et al. 2000) or impedance (Swatland 1995) help to identify defects in pork meat quality (Bendall and Swatland 1988, Honikel 1999).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-85830", "words": "14617", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Ollikainen, Markku; Lankoski, Jussi; L\u00f6tj\u00f6nen , Sanna; Ollikainen, Markku", "title": "Climate change mitigation and agriculture: measures, costs and policies \u2013 A literature review", "date": "2020", "keywords": "abatement; agriculture; carbon; change; climate; cost; crop; emissions; et al; fertilizer; food; ghg; ghg emissions; instruments; land; livestock; manure; measures; mitigation; policies; policy; potential; production; sequestration; soil; tax; use", "summary": "GHG emission tax, GHG abatement subsidy and GHG emissions trading A GHG tax (carbon tax) and emissions trading impose a price on GHG emissions, while a GHG abatement subsidy provides a reward for a unit of abatement \u2013 also providing an efficient price for emissions. J. et al. 2014.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8587", "words": "9986", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kivel\u00e4, Jukka; Chen, Lin; Muurinen, Susanna; Kivij\u00e4rvi, Pirjo; Hintikainen, Veikko; Helenius, Juha", "title": "Effects of meat bone meal as fertilizer on yield and quality of sugar beet and carrot", "date": "2015", "keywords": "acc; beet; carrot; content; fertilization; fertilizer; good; ha-1; mbm; mineral; root; soil; sugar; table; yield", "summary": "MBM fertilizers and nutrient analyses of MBM were obtained from the rendering plant Honkajoki Ltd and nutrient analyses of mineral fertilizers from Yara Ltd in Finland. Nitrate content in carrot fertilized by conventional mineral (Conv.) or by MBM fertilizers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-86811", "words": "23930", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Tiainen, Juha; Hyv\u00f6nen, Terho; Hagner, Marleena; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Louhi, Pauliina; Miettinen, Antti; Nieminen, Tiina; Paloj\u00e4rvi, Ansa; Seimola, Tuomas; Taimisto, Pauliina; Virkaj\u00e4rvi, Perttu; Tiainen, Juha", "title": "Biodiversity in intensive and extensive grasslands in Finland: the impacts of spatial and temporal changes of agricultural land use", "date": "2020", "keywords": "abundance; agricultural; beetles; biodiversity; cattle; changes; communities; community; dairy; dung; ecosystem; effects; et al; farming; farmland; farms; fauna; field; finland; finnish; food; grasslands; grazing; habitat; impact; leys; management; natural; number; pastures; plant; production; raatikainen; science; science j.; soil; species; study; tiainen; tiainen et; use; vegetation; virkaj\u00e4rvi", "summary": "The long-term changes since the 1930s of the skylark Alauda arvensis follow the availability of grass, either as leys or fallows (Tiainen et al. 2001, Piha et al. 2003, 2007a). AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. Tiainen et al. (2020) 29: 68\u201397 68 Biodiversity in intensive and extensive grasslands in Finland: the impacts of spatial and temporal changes of agricultural land use Juha Tiainen1,2, Terho Hyv\u00f6nen3, Marleena Hagner3,4, Erja Huusela-Veistola3, Pauliina Louhi5, Antti Miettinen6, Tiina M. Nieminen1, Ansa Paloj\u00e4rvi7, Tuomas Seimola1, Pauliina Taimisto8 and Perttu Virkaj\u00e4rvi8 1 Natural Resources Institute Finland, PL 2, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland 2 Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland 3 Natural Resources Institute Finland, Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 4 Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, FI-15140", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8682", "words": "9069", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kaukoranta, Timo; N\u00e4kkil\u00e4, Juha; S\u00e4rkk\u00e4, Liisa; Jokinen, Kari", "title": "Effects of lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on energy use and CO2 emissions in high latitude cucumber growing", "date": "2014", "keywords": "co2; compartment; emissions; energy; greenhouse; heating; kg-1; lighting; m-2; production; summer; use", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Kaukoranta et al. (2014) 23: 220\u2013235 220 Effects of lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on energy use and CO2 emissions in high latitude cucumber growing Timo Kaukoranta, Juha N\u00e4kkil\u00e4, Liisa S\u00e4rkk\u00e4 and Kari Jokinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Toivonlinnantie 518, 21500 Piikki\u00f6, Finland e-mail: timo.kaukoranta@mtt.fi Effects of supplemental lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on weekly to seasonal heat and electricity use and CO2 emissions in cucumber growing were estimated in Finland. The study provides seasonal information on the effect of technologies used for raising productivity: lighting solutions and intensities, substrates and semi-closed greenhouse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-86937", "words": "10536", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Morfi, Chrysa; Morfi, Chrysa", "title": "The Wizards of Sval\u00f6f : Intellectual property rights and consolidation in the plant breeding industry", "date": "2020", "keywords": "agricultural; breeding; chain; companies; company; crops; food; industry; iprs; market; plant; plant breeding; property; rights; science; seed; sweden; swedish; value; varieties; weibull", "summary": "Conclusions The aim of the article is to map the evolution of plant breeding industry in Sweden and to provide an assessment of the use of cultivars that have been bred domestically over foreign bred cultivars. The ratio of local varieties in relation to imported varieties is of special significance to Sweden, which has a long history of plant breeding and a challenging climate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-87078", "words": "7767", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Fellenberg, Mar\u00eda Ang\u00e9lica; Carlos, F\u00e9lix ; Pe\u00f1a, Iv\u00e1n; Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez , Rodrigo A. ; Vargas-Bello-P\u00e9rez, Einar; Vargas-Bello-P\u00e9rez, Einar", "title": "Oxidative quality and color variation during refrigeration (4 \u00b0C) of rainbow trout fillets marinated with different natural antioxidants from oregano, quillaia and rosemary", "date": "2020", "keywords": "antioxidant; color; control; et al; extract; fillets; food; lipid; oregano; oxidation; quillaia; refrigeration; rosemary; synthetic; treatment", "summary": "TBARS values (\u00b5g MDA g-1 of fresh tissue), obtained with equivalent dose and with 4% absorption of marinating in the belly flap region (average \u00b1 standard error of the mean) Refrigeration time (d) Antioxidants Control Quillay Oregano Romero Synthetic Basal lipid-oxidation 0 0.0755 \u00b1 0.007 0.0719 \u00b1 0.007 0.0827 \u00b1 0.006 0.0611\u00b1 0.008 0.0680 \u00b1 0.07 1 0.1222 \u00b1 0.012 0.1186 \u00b1 0.013 0.0970 \u00b1 0.011 0.1114 \u00b1 0.012 0.0755 \u00b1 0.011 2 0.1617 \u00b1 0.015 0.1437 \u00b1 0.014 0.1150 \u00b1 0.015 0.1042 \u00b1 0.015 0.1078 \u00b1 0.014 3 0.1941 \u00b1 0.016a 0.1905 \u00b1 0.017a 0.1402 \u00b1 0.016ab 0.1150 \u00b1 0.015b 0.1402 \u00b1 0.015ab 4 0.2767 \u00b1 0.031a 0.2480 \u00b1 0.030ab 0.2264 \u00b1 0.029ab 0.1473 \u00b1 0.030b 0.1330 \u00b1 0.030b 5 0.3055 \u00b1 0.037a 0.2552 \u00b1 0.035ab 0.2156 \u00b1 0.036ab 0.1468 \u00b1 0.0032b 0.1320 \u00b1 0.036b 6 0.1294 \u00b1 0.040 0.2192 \u00b1 0.038 0.1437 \u00b1 0.41 0.1402 \u00b1 0.043 0.0539 \u00b1 0.042 Lipid-oxidation at an incubation of 37 \u00b0C for 30 minutes 0 0.1545 \u00b1 0.006 0.1581 \u00b1 0.008 0.1151 \u00b1 0.007 0.0970 \u00b1 0.007 0.1006 \u00b1 0.008 1 0.3198 \u00b1 0.011a 0.2156 \u00b1 0.012ab 0.1545 \u00b1 0.012ab 0.1330 \u00b1 0.013b 0.1186 \u00b1 0.012b 2 0.5822 \u00b1 0.014a 0.3486 \u00b1 0.012ab 0.2120 \u00b1 0.013b 0.2192 \u00b1 0.012b 0.1150 \u00b1 0.015b 3 0.4708 \u00b1 0.015a 0.5462 \u00b1 0.014a 0.2480 \u00b1 0.014b 0.3162 \u00b1 0.015ab 0.1258 \u00b1 0.015b 4 0.6001 \u00b1 0.030a 0.5534 \u00b1 0.032a 0.4241 \u00b1 0.032ab 0.3701 \u00b1 0.030ab 0.1581 \u00b1 0.030b 5 0.8697 \u00b1 0.035a 0.7259 \u00b1 0.034ab 0.4456 \u00b1 0.033bc 0.3773 \u00b1 0.33bc 0.1366 \u00b1 0.035c 6 0.3306 \u00b1 0.040 0.3773 \u00b1 0.039 0.2839 \u00b1 0.038 0.3162 \u00b1 0.040 0.1437 \u00b1 0.041 Lipid-oxidation at an incubation of 37 \u00b0C for 30 minutes with Fe 0 0.8733 \u00b1 0.007a 0.6037 \u00b1 0.007b 0.6289 \u00b1 0.008ab 0.2408 \u00b1 0.007c 0.1006 \u00b1 0.007c 1 1.4878 \u00b1 0.011a 1.4195 \u00b1 0.013a 0.6505 \u00b1 0.012ab 0.3773 \u00b1 0.012b 0.1689 \u00b1 0.011b 2 1.9226 \u00b1 0.013a 1.4626 \u00b1 0.012ab 0.7044 \u00b1 0.012ab 0.5786 \u00b1 0.011ab 0.1150 \u00b1 TBARS values (\u00b5g MDA g-1 of tissue) obtained with equivalent dose and with 4% absorption of marinade measured in the NQC region (average \u00b1 standard error of the mean) Refrigeration time (d) Antioxidants Control Quillay Oregano Romero Synthetic Basal lipid-oxidation 0 0.0647 \u00b1 0.003ab 0.0719 \u00b1 0.004a 0.0722 \u00b1 0.003a 0.0575 \u00b1 0.03b 0.0649 \u00b1 0.004ab 1 0.1078 \u00b1 0.011 0.1222 \u00b1 0.010 0.1294 \u00b1 0.012 0.0970 \u00b1 0.011 0.0975 \u00b1 0.010 2 0.2120 \u00b1 0.025a 0.1725 \u00b1 0.024ab 0.1330 \u00b1 0.025ab 0.1617 \u00b1 0.024ab 0.0755 \u00b1 0.024b 3 0.3019 \u00b1 0.043a 0.2552 \u00b1 0.040ab 0.2336 \u00b1 0.042ab 0.2048 \u00b1 0.044ab 0.1222 \u00b1 0.043b 4 0.4564 \u00b1 0.066 0.3989 \u00b1 0.065 0.2264 \u00b1 0.065 0.2270 \u00b1 0.066 0.1186 \u00b1 0.065 5 0.4564 \u00b1 0.083", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-88098", "words": "7687", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Popova, Teodora Lyudmilova; Petkov, Evgeni; Ignatova, Maya; Popova, Teodora Lyudmilova", "title": "Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) meals on the meat quality in broilers", "date": "2020", "keywords": "acid; breast; broilers; bsf; bsf meal; composition; diet; et al; fatty; fed; group; meal; meat; quality; science; thigh; thigh meat", "summary": "On the other hand, Schiavone et al. (2017) did not find any significant changes in the colour of broiler breast meat either fresh or subjected to 9 days of retail display that were due to the dietary intake of BSF fat. The proximate composition of broiler meat remained unaffected by the inclusion of BSF larvae (Cullere et al. 2019b) or other insect sources such as Tenebrio molitor (Bovera et al. 2016, Dabbou et al. 2019).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-88257", "words": "6446", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Zabolotnyy, Serhiy; Sipil\u00e4inen, Timo; Zabolotnyy, Serhiy", "title": "A comparison of strategies for working capital management of listed food companies from Northern Europe", "date": "2020", "keywords": "assets; capital management; companies; food; food companies; indicator; liabilities; liquidity; strategies; working", "summary": "Indicators of working capital management strategy of a business entity Variable Construction Sub-indicator Impact X1 Current Assets/Total Assets A1 Positive X2 Inventory/Current Assets A1 Negative X3 Accounts receivable/Current Assets A1 Negative X4 Cash and Equivalents/Current Assets A1 Positive X5 Current Liabilities/Total Assets A2 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Zabolotnyy & T. Sipil\u00e4inen (2020) 29: 239\u2013249 241 where rij = \u00b5 (X), i = 1,2,\u2026.,8 variables and j = 1,2,\u2026,n \u2013 objects. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE S. Zabolotnyy & T. Sipil\u00e4inen (2020) 29: 239\u2013249 239 A comparison of strategies for working capital management of listed food companies from Northern Europe Serhiy Zabolotnyy1 and Timo Sipil\u00e4inen2 1Department of Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences \u2013 SGGW, Poland 2Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, Finland e-mail: serhiy_zabolotnyy@sggw.pl The research presents the application of fuzzy logic for synthetic evaluation of strategies for working capital manage- ment of twelve food companies from Northern Europe in 2005\u20132015.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8832", "words": "5549", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Lola-Luz, Theodora; Hennequart, Franck; Gaffney, Michael", "title": "Effect on yield, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total isothiocyanate content of two broccoli cultivars (Brassica oleraceae var italica) following the application of a commercial brown seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum)", "date": "2014", "keywords": "application; broccoli; content; effect; et al; extracts; food; ha-1; increase; plants; seaweed; total; yield", "summary": "There are a number of studies indicating that application of seaweed extracts increases yield in a variety of crops. Seaweed extracts are mainly applied to crops as root dips, soil drenches or foliar sprays.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-8841", "words": "5383", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Nogalska, Anna; Chen, Lin; Sienkiewicz, Stanis\u0142aw; Nogalski, Zenon", "title": "Meat and bone meal as nitrogen and phosphorus supplier to cereals and oilseed rape", "date": "2014", "keywords": "bone; effect; ha-1; mbm; meal; meat; rape; winter; yield", "summary": "In the treatments, the inputs of N and P depended on MBM rate directly. Every two years 2.0 t MBM+K 4.02a 3.97b 5.40 20.2ab 3.0 t MBM+K 3.70a 4.15b 6.49 22.7b 4.0 t MBM+K 4.03a 3.71ab 6.07 19.0ab 5.0 t MBM+K 4.33a 3.74b 6.74 21.5ab Grain yield of winter wheat was rather good (ranged from 4.08 to 6.74 t ha-1) and increased along with the increase of MBM rate, however, the difference was not significant (p<0.05).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-88781", "words": "7725", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Nesheim, Lars; Synnes, Olav Martin ; Steen, Arvid ; Langerud, Anne ; Bakken, Anne Kjersti ; Nesheim, Lars", "title": "Controlling dietary cation-anion differences in forages by chloride fertilisation", "date": "2020", "keywords": "chloride; concentration; dcad; fertilisation; grass; ha-1; kg-1; year", "summary": "The timing of Cl application was not important for the effects on Cl concentration and DCAD in grasses at the first cut (Table 4). It was concluded that Cl fertilisation is a more efficient means of controlling DCAD than sward species composition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-88902", "words": "8002", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Ollikainen, Markku; Kosenius, Anna-Kaisa; Punttila, Eliisa; Ala-Harja, Venla; Puroila, Samuli; Iho, Antti; Ekholm, Petri; Ollikainen, Markku", "title": "Gypsum amendment of arable fields as a water protection measure \u2013 farmers\u2019 experience, phosphorus reduction potential and associated costs drawn from a large scale pilot", "date": "2020", "keywords": "amendment; area; farmers; fields; gypsum; gypsum amendment; phosphorus; pilot; reduction; sea; spreading; water", "summary": "Farmers\u2019 observations of effects of gypsum amendment on yield, soil and water quality (2017: n=46, 2018: n=43) Effect of gypsum % farmers involved 2017/2018 % farmers providing assessment 2017/2018 % positive effect (out of those who assessed) 2017/2018 Self-estimated assessment experience (mean) * Yield Autumn crops 32.6 / 15.9 32.6 / 11.4 6.7 / 20.0 0.85 Spring crops 84.8 / 81.8 71.7 / 47.7 21.2 / 14.3 1.54 Oil plants 13.0 / 15.9 6.5 / 11.4 33.3 / 20.0 0.74 Legumes 15.2 / 20.5 10.9 / 6.8 20.0 / 0.0 0.58 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Ollikainen et al. (2020) 29: 383\u2013394 383 Gypsum amendment of arable fields as a water protection measure \u2013 farmers\u2019 experience, phosphorus reduction potential and associated costs drawn from a large scale pilot 1Markku Ollikainen, 1Anna-Kaisa Kosenius, 1Eliisa Punttila, 1Venla Ala-Harja, 1Samuli Puroila, 2Antti Iho and 3Petri Ekholm 1Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute (Luke), Helsinki, Finland 3Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland e-mail: markku.ollikainen@helsinki.fi We organized a large-scale pilot on gypsum amendment of arable fields in southwest Finland, along the River Savijoki to examine its effects on phosphorus loads and aquatic environment, and to assess its feasibility as a water protection measure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-88904", "words": "8162", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Pignata, Giuseppe; Ertani, Andrea; Casale, Manuela; Piano, Serenella; Nicola, Silvana; Ertani, Andrea", "title": "Mixing fresh-cut baby green and red leaf lettuce from soilless cultivation preserves phytochemical content and safety ", "date": "2020", "keywords": "acid; content; cut; et al; food; g-1; harvest; leaf; lettuce; life; quality; results", "summary": "In recent years, the use of red leaf lettuce in fresh cut mixes has increased because the consumers consider the pigmentation a positive characteristic (Mart\u00ednez S\u00e1nchez et al. 2012). Total phenolic content Total phenolic (TP) content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, method, with some modifications (Zhan et al. 2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-89101", "words": "2689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Ritvanen, Tiina; Pastell, Helena; Welling, Annikki; Raatikainen, Marja; Ritvanen, Tiina", "title": "The nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of two cricket species - Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus", "date": "2020", "keywords": "conversion; food; nitrogen; protein", "summary": "n=18, except n=9 for cysteine, methionine, tyrosine and tryptophan House cricket Field cricket g 100g-1 mg g-1 protein g 100g-1 mg g-1 protein Alanine 1.35 \u00b1 0.17 83 1.93 \u00b1 0.31 90 Arginine 0.89 \u00b1 0.10 54 1.14 \u00b1 0.10 53 Asparagine + Aspartic acid 1.37 \u00b1 0.17 84 1.97 \u00b1 0.32 92 Cysteine 0.15 \u00b1 0.02 8.9 0.16 \u00b1 0.03 7.4 Glutamine + Glutamic acid 1.98 \u00b1 0.20 120 2.44 \u00b1 0.29 114 Glycine 0.93 \u00b1 0.10 57 1.24 \u00b1 0.18 58 Histidine 0.38 \u00b1 0.04 23 0.52 \u00b1 0.05 24 Isoleucine 0.69 \u00b1 0.07 42 0.92 \u00b1 0.08 43 Leucine 1.22 \u00b1 0.13 75 1.65 \u00b1 0.14 77 Lysine 0.97 \u00b1 0.13 59 1.14 \u00b1 0.15 53 Methionine 0.30 \u00b1 0.03 18 0.35 \u00b1 0.03 16 Phenylalanine 0.63 \u00b1 0.06 39 0.74 \u00b1 0.10 34 Proline 1.00 \u00b1 0.09 61 1.25 \u00b1 0.09 58 Serine 0.68 \u00b1 0.06 42 1.05 \u00b1 0.26 49 High variation of protein content in Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets and closely related insects) is also seen in the reviews by Rumbold and Schl\u00fcter (2013) and Kou\u0159imsk\u00e1 and Ad\u00e1mkov\u00e1 (2016).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-89171", "words": "7184", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Orina, Aleksandra; Gavrilova, Olga P.; Gagkaeva, Tatiana; Burkin , Aleksey ; Kononenko, Galina ; Gagkaeva, Tatiana", "title": "The contamination of Fabaceae plants with fungi and mycotoxins ", "date": "2020", "keywords": "alternaria; average; cladosporium; content; dna; effect; et al; fungi; fusarium; legumes; mycotoxins; oblast; plants; samples; species; tri", "summary": "2. Fungal DNA and mycotoxins contents in legume plant samples with different stem growths. 3. Fungal DNA content in legume plant samples with different (A) life cycles and (B) melliferous capacity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-89440", "words": "5511", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Reilas, Tiina; Katila, Terttu; Kosola, Mikko; Virtala, Anna-Maija; Reilas, Tiina", "title": "A registry-based study of declined foaling rates in Finnhorses", "date": "2020", "keywords": "book; foaling; mares; mating; period; rates", "summary": "Models were performed separately for different book size groups in both periods and adjusted for mare age and mare status group. The proportion of the most fertile mare groups, 2\u20139-year-olds and foaled mares, decreased by 8.2 and 7.1 percentage points, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-89559", "words": "6456", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Saarnio, Sanna; Kettunen, Riitta; Saarnio, Sanna", "title": "Biochar addition affected nutrient leaching and litter decomposition rates in boreal sandy soils", "date": "2020", "keywords": "biochar; leaching; litter; nutrient; sandy; soil; total; water", "summary": "Thus, we hypothesised that biochar addition 1) decreases nutrient (N, P) leaching, especially from soils with low organic matter content, 2) decreases the decomposition rate of new organic litter (just added in soil) and 3) increases soil moisture content albeit with a smaller increase in soils with finer texture and better initial water holding capacity. 2. Mean (+ standard error of mean) mass loss of cellulose, Phleum pratense shoots grown on the control soil and P. pratense shoots grown on biochar amended sandy till (upper, n = 6) and medium fine sand soils (lower, n = 5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-89726", "words": "6795", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Voor, Ivo; Alaru, Maarika ; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Loit, Evelin; Voor, Ivo", "title": "The aftereffect of winter wheat on pea yield, nitrogen surplus and nitrogen use efficiency in different cropping systems", "date": "2020", "keywords": "catch; cropping; crops; field; ha-1; mineral; pea; soil; systems; winter", "summary": "Organic nitrogen storage in mineral soil: Implications for policy and management. The NUE of mineral N treatments (N100 and N150) was 77\u201378%, which was lower compared with a range 84\u201390% for the four treatments where mineral fertiliser was not applied .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-89813", "words": "9990", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Jaakkola, Seija; Manni, Katariina; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi", "title": "Intake, gain and carcass traits of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered diets based on triticale, barley and grass silages", "date": "2020", "keywords": "barley; bulls; carcass; crop; dmi; et al; feeding; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage", "summary": "Replacing primary growth GS with whole crop silage affected silage DMI quadratically so that the intake of the mixture of GS and whole crop silages was higher than the mean intake of either forage fed alone (Huhtanen et al. 2007). In meta-analyses, small LWG responses to feed MP indicated that microbial protein and rumen-undegraded protein from high quality forages and energy supplements met the protein re- quirements when growing cattle are fed GS or whole crop silage based diets supplemented with grain (Huuskonen et al. 2014, Huuskonen and Huhtanen 2015).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-90013", "words": "8599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Klepeckas, Martynas; Janu\u0161kaitien\u0117, Irena ; Vagusevi\u010dien\u0117, Ilona ; Juknys, Romualdas; Klepeckas, Martynas", "title": "Effects of different sowing time to phenology and yield of winter wheat", "date": "2020", "keywords": "bir\u017eai; crop; data; date; days; et al; grain; kaunas; maturity; model; september; sowing; temperature; time; wheat; winter; yield", "summary": "Winter wheat yields in the UK: uncertainties in climate and management impacts. The impact of variation in grain number and individual grain weight on winter wheat yield in the high yield potential environment of Ireland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-90523", "words": "12411", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Pokharel, Kisun; Peippo, Jaana; Li, Meng-Hua; Kantanen, Juha; Pokharel, Kisun", "title": "Functional profiling of the endometrium transcriptome during preimplantation development in Finnsheep, Texel and their F1 crosses", "date": "2020", "keywords": "ag c; aggg c; agggg t; c c; c cg; c oxidase; c t; cg t; conceptus; cwt t; cytochrome c; endometrium; et al; expression; g ag; g c; genes; gg c; kerv t; pregnancy; protein; r t; sheep; spencer; t ag; t cell; t g; t gg; t k; t rg; t t; t y; t yg", "summary": "A A A T A A A T T T G C T T T T A A A T A A A T T T G C T T T T", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-90687", "words": "4220", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "S\u00e4rkk\u00e4, Liisa; Tahvonen, Risto; S\u00e4rkk\u00e4, Liisa", "title": "Control of liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) growth in nursery plants with mulches of Sphagnum moss and blackcurrant stem pieces", "date": "2020", "keywords": "blackcurrant; blueberry; control; growth; liverwort; moss; plants; pot; sphagnum; surface", "summary": "Sphagnum 10\u201320 mm 2.7 \u00b1 4.3 a 5.6 \u00b1 4.4 a Sphagnum 20\u201340 mm 1.7 \u00b1 4.2 a 2.4 \u00b1 4.3 a Control 51.8 \u00b1 4.5 b 42.8 \u00b1 4.6 b AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE L.E. S\u00e4rkk\u00e4 & R. Tahvonen (2020) 29: 250\u2013256 254 A pilot test in 2019 with blackcurrant stem pieces showed that 26% of control pot surfaces in August were covered with liverwort. The prevention rate of liverwort growth in blueberry in July\u2013August was 95\u201399%, and in October 78\u201390%, depending on weather conditions; in rhododendron and blackcurrant, it was 90\u201395%.The control effect was diminished in more decomposed moss.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-90757", "words": "5549", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kviklys, Darius; Viskelis, Jonas; Lanauskas, Juozas; Uselis, Nobertas; Liaudanskas, Mindaugas; Janulis, Valdimaras; Darius", "title": "Effects of growth control on yield and fruit quality of the apple cultivar \u2018Rubin\u2019", "date": "2020", "keywords": "apple; content; control; fruit; growth; ha-1; pruning; root; tree", "summary": "Root pruning is a common practice to reduce fruit tree growth. Fruit tree growth and development.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-90955", "words": "7287", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Stranden, Ismo; M\u00e4ntysaari, Esa A.; Stranden, Ismo", "title": "Bpop: an efficient program for estimating base population allele frequencies in single and multiple group structured populations", "date": "2020", "keywords": "a22; animals; approach; base; computing; matrix; memory; number; pedigree; population", "summary": "In the analysis of our data sets, the number of non-zero elements in A11 matrix was 0.97 million, 2.62 million, 3.52 million, and 4.14 million, for the cases of 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 million geno- typed animals, respectively. The required dense matrix products involving (A22 ) -1v were implemented ef- ficiently using sparse submatrices of A-1, where A and A22 are pedigree relationship matrices for all and genotyped animals, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-91504", "words": "6977", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Krasova, Nina; Ozherelieva, Zoya; Galasheva, Anna; Krasova, Nina", "title": "Evaluation of Finnish apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)", "date": "2020", "keywords": "antonovka; apple; average; cultivars; damage; fruits; level; melba; temperature; winter; \u00b0 c", "summary": "Nina Krasova, Zoya Ozherelieva and Anna Galasheva Laboratory of apple cultivars investigation and agronomic practice, Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), 302530, Zhilina, Orel region, Russia e-mail: krasovang@vniispk.ru The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piikki\u00f6, Finland) in order to have good candidates for breeding within the central zone of Russia. Grouping of apple cultivars by fruit size (average fruit weight) was carried out according to the following grada- tion (taking into account the international methodology UPOV Tg/14/5): small = 41\u201370 g below average = 71\u2013110 g average = 111\u2013150 g above average = 151\u2013200 g large = 201\u2013250 g The appearance and taste of the fruit were evaluated on a 5-point scale and carried out at the time of optimal fruit maturity by a tasting Committee consisting of 7 people.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-91704", "words": "7339", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Baykalir, Yasin; Simsek, Ulku Gulcihan; Yilmaz, Okkes; Baykalir, Yasin", "title": "Age-related changes in egg yolk composition between conventional and organic table eggs", "date": "2020", "keywords": "acid; age; cholesterol; composition; eggs; et al; fatty; food; g-1; hens; levels; rearing; science; system; vitamin; weeks", "summary": "Total levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3, and ome- ga-6 are higher in organic eggs produced by younger hens. Vitamin K2 levels were higher in the organic eggs (0.23 mg g-1) than in eggs conventionally produced (0.17 mg g-1); however, \u03b1-tocopherol was higher in eggs produced conventionally (0.17 mg g-1) than in organic eggs (0.12 mg g-1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-91706", "words": "7421", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Stenberg, Elin; Karlsson, Anders ; \u00d6ghren, Camilla ; Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina; Stenberg, Elin", "title": "Carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes in lambs reared indoors, on cultivated pasture, or on semi-natural pasture", "date": "2020", "keywords": "carcass; differences; et al; feeding; group; lambs; meat; pasture; production; quality; slaughter; study; weight", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Stenberg et al. (2020) 29: 432\u2013441 432 Carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes in lambs reared indoors, on cultivated pasture, or on semi-natural pasture Elin Stenberg1, Anders H. Karlsson1, Camilla \u00d6hgren2 and Katarina Arvidsson-Segerkvist1 1Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 234, SE-53223 Skara, Sweden 2RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, P.O. Box 5401, SE-40229 Gothenburg, Sweden. e-mail: elin.stenberg@slu.se This study evaluated the effects of different lamb production systems on live weight gain (LWG), carcass quality and meat quality. It has also been shown that feedstuffs and feeding regime can also affect lamb meat quality (Watkins et al. 2013).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-92150", "words": "7146", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Rimkus, Egidijus; Maciulyte, Viktorija ; Stonevicius, Edvinas ; Valiukas, Donatas ; Rimkus, Egidijus", "title": "A revised agricultural drought index in Lithuania", "date": "2020", "keywords": "air; drought; htc; index; indices; lithuania; precipitation; soil; temperature; tpi", "summary": "In most cases, drought indices are categorized according to the impact they are associated with. For this purpose, analysis of drought indices and their suitability to the climatic conditions of Lithuania was carried out.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-9328", "words": "1178", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Kammann, Claudia I.", "title": "Moving forward from \u201cbiochar revolution\u201d to \u201cbiochar evolution\u201d: Shaping a promising mitigation tool demands future research efforts", "date": "2013", "keywords": "biochar; research; soil", "summary": "Lately the \u201cbiochar idea\u201d gathered speed, attracting considerable research attention: It seems so logical and at- tractive to first withdraw CO2 from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, then to transfer the biomass-C into a re- calcitrant form by pyrolysis (using the products heat and bio-oil), and finally to improve soil fertility and reduce the GHG \u201ccosts\u201d of agricultural production by amending soils with biochar (Lehmann 2007, Woolf et al. 2010). However, biochars can be tremendously different, and temperate or boreal soils may respond completely differ- ent compared to tropical soils where the majority of biochar research has been conducted until recently.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-9334", "words": "11775", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Manevska-Tasevska, Gordana; Hansson, Helena; Rabinowicz, Ewa", "title": "Input saving possibilities and practices contributing to more efficient beef production in Sweden", "date": "2014", "keywords": "agricultural; analysis; beef; beef production; cattle; costs; efficiency; et al; farms; grazing; input; livestock; manevska; production; region; swedish; tasevska; use", "summary": "Key words: beef farms, distance functions, efficiency, farm accounting data network, Sweden Introduction The beef sector in Sweden is facing challenges to its development. Review of related research and hypotheses about factors associated with the efficiency potential of beef farms Based on the existing literature, the factors influencing the economics of beef systems may be generally classified as: farm structure, capital use and regionalization.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-9373", "words": "6301", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Bojnec, \u0160tefan; Fert\u0151, Imre", "title": "Meat export competitiveness of European Union countries on global markets", "date": "2014", "keywords": "advantage; chain; competitiveness; eu-27; export; indices; markets; meat; member; member states; products; rca>1; states; trade", "summary": "This indi- cates that EU member states can be or cannot be competitors on global meat product chain markets, depending on the diversification segments of the meat product chain. The improved information system and the new knowledge gained can contribute to better understanding of meat product export competitiveness as essential for decision-making processes in order to improve performance on global markets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-94478", "words": "384", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Heikkil\u00e4, Anna-Maija", "title": "Preface", "date": "2020", "keywords": "climate", "summary": "In this special issue, we look at northern agriculture and climate change through articles addressing the following themes: the methane emissions of dairy cows, challenges to arable farming caused by increasing precipitation, biodiversity degradation interconnected with land use and climate change, an increase in perennial forage yields driven by climate change, measures, costs and policies to mitigate climate change in agriculture, and research on the effects of climate change on agricultural production in Finland. Climate change mitigation efforts should also support other environ- mental aspects, such as reducing nutrient leaches, increasing biodiversity, and the promotion of animal welfare.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-9489", "words": "7294", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Morgenstern, Anne; Ekholm, Anders; Scheewe, Petra; Rumpunen, Kimmo", "title": "Changes in content of major phenolic compounds during leaf development of sea buckthorn (Hippopha\u00eb rhamnoides L.)", "date": "2014", "keywords": "analysis; buckthorn; compounds; content; july; leaves; phenolic; sampling; sea; total", "summary": "Manuscript received January 2014 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE A. Morgenstern et al. (2014) 23: 207\u2013219 208 In addition to fruits, also sea buckthorn leaves have potential beneficial effects. In animal models an aqueous ex- tract of sea buckthorn leaves has shown adaptogenic properties (Saggu et al. 2007, Saggu and Kumar 2008) and has proven especially efficient for wound healing (Upadhyay et al. 2011), an effect that in part may be attributed to extractable polyphenols (Upadhyay et al. 2010).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-94993", "words": "7058", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Perttil\u00e4, Sini; Jalava, Taina; Rinne, Marketta; Da Silva Viana, Gabriel; Valaja, Jarmo; Perttil\u00e4, Sini", "title": "Apparent and standardised ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in wheat, soybean meal and rapeseed meal for broilers", "date": "2021", "keywords": "acids; aid; amino; amino acid; digestibility; et al; feed; ileal; meal; protein; rapeseed meal; science; sid; soybean meal; wheat", "summary": "Key words: poultry, digestibility, ingredient, endogenous secretion Introduction Feed formulation based on the ileal digestibility of amino acids is preferred compared to the apparent total di- gestibility of amino acids (Ravindran et al. 1999, Kadim et al. 2002). In this regard, digestibility of amino acids should be measured at the end of ileum where amino acids from feeds have been completely absorbed (Ten Doeschate et al. 1993, Ravindran et al. 1999).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-95282", "words": "7361", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Kaljonen, Minna; Knuuttila, Marja; Niemi, Jyrki ; Saarinen, Merja; Huan-Niemi, Ellen", "title": "The impacts of dietary change in Finland: food system approach", "date": "2020", "keywords": "change; climate; consumption; diets; finland; food; food products; industry; meat; output; policy; production; products; system", "summary": "The consumption of different food products changes in the alternative diets; and the calculation of economic im- pacts in Finland are based on changes in the volumes of food products consumed in each diet. Hence, the changes in food consumption represented in euros correspond to the physical changes in the catego- ries of food products consumed in the alternative diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-95408", "words": "6880", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "de Santiago, Ana ; Garcia-Lopez, Ana Maria; Recena, Ramiro; Moreno, Maria Teresa; Carmona, Eusebio; Delgado, Antonio; Garcia-Lopez, Ana Maria", "title": "Adsorption of humic substances on ferrihydrite affects its use as iron source by plants", "date": "2020", "keywords": "et al; fe oxides; humic; iron; lupin; oxides; plant; rate; santiago; soil; uptake; wheat", "summary": "Effect of different amounts of humic substances adsorbed on ferrihydrite on the chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD), dry matter (DM) yields, Fe concentration in aerial parts and roots, and the total amount of Fe in aerial parts and roots of lupins and wheat grown on a calcareous growing medium Lupin Wheat Rate\u2020 mg C g\u20131 Fe concentration Total Fe Fe concentration Total Fe SPAD DM aerial parts DM roots Aerial parts Roots Aerial parts Roots SPAD DM aerial parts DM roots Aerial parts Roots Aerial parts Roots Arbitrary units Arbitrary unitsg plant\u20131 mg kg\u20131 \u00b5g plant\u20131 g plant\u20131 mg kg\u20131 g kg\u20131 \u00b5g plant\u20131 mg plant\u20131 0 48.25 1.24 0.67 111 848 138 579 39.50 2.03 1.32 189 3.27 b 391 4.16 b 16 44.00 1.17 0.52 77 756 88 387 40.75 1.89 1.22 170 2.21 b 339 2.77 b 60 47.50 1.32 0.70 131 811 174 596 38.50 1.94 1.04 121 3.42b 226 4.02 b 97 52.25 1.15 0.67 301 1235 306 860 38.25 2.06 1.28 189 7.93 a 390 10.21 a ANOVA NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * NS * Fig. The effect of the highest rate of HS increasing Fe oxides mobilization with lupin was not only ascribed to poorly crystalline Fe oxides since the significant decrease in extractable Fe was only observed with CBD, which is sup- posed to dissolve poorly crystalline and crystalline Fe oxides.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-95432", "words": "9369", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Jokiniemi, Tapani; Mikkola, Hannu; Hakoj\u00e4rvi, Mikko; Alakukku, Laura; Jokiniemi, Tapani", "title": "Comprehensive model for predicting the fuel consumption in various harvesting methods of grass silage", "date": "2021", "keywords": "cbw; energy; energy consumption; field; forage; forage harvesting; fuel consumption; harvesting; mass; methods; model; slfw; spfh; tpfh; transportation; width; working", "summary": "Key words: fuel consumption, energy efficiency, forage harvesting, windrowing, forage transportation Introduction Energy consumption and energy efficiency have become essential topics in all industry sectors during the recent decades. Fuel consumption in SLFW and CBW methods was measured on the farm 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-9552", "words": "7597", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Sinclair, Grant; Charest, Christiane; Dalp\u00e9, Yolande; Khanizadeh, Shahrokh", "title": "Influence of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on three strawberry cultivars under salty conditions", "date": "2014", "keywords": "amf; cultivars; growth; mass; mycorrhizal; plant; root; salinity; salt; species; ssc; strawberry", "summary": "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts that colonize plant roots and modulate plant growth, while obtaining photosynthetically fixed carbon from their host plants to ensure their own survival. SE < 5%. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE G. Sinclair et al. (2014) 23: 146\u2013158 153 The AMF increased root growth overall (Table 4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-95600", "words": "7991", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kinnula, Sari; Toivonen, Marjaana; Soinne, Helena; Joona, Juuso; Kivel\u00e4, Jukka; Kinnula, Sari", "title": "Effects of mixed pulp mill sludges on crop yields and quality", "date": "2020", "keywords": "cpms; effects; et al; fertilisation; grain; lpms; mill; mill sludges; mineral; paper; pulp; pulp mill; science; sludges; soil; treatment; yields", "summary": "Pulp mill sludges (PMS) could provide a means to replace fertilisers made using non- renewable resources while adding slowly decomposing organic material to the soil and utilising nutrients from the forest industry. The first hypothesis was that part of the fertilisation could be replaced by pulp mill sludges (PMS) with- out compromising the yield quantity or quality.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-95603", "words": "8198", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Frondelius, Lilli; Lindeberg, Heli; Pastell, Matti; Frondelius, Lilli", "title": "Recycled manure solids as a bedding material: Udder health, cleanliness and integument alterations of dairy cows in mattress stalls", "date": "2020", "keywords": "animal; bedding; cows; dairy; et al; group; mastitis; milk; peat; rms; samples; scc; science; study", "summary": "With RMS bedding cows had less severe integument alterations in tarsal joints (p=0.0031) and their udders were cleaner (p=0.0109) compared to peat. Factor Hind legs Hind quarters Udder \u03b2 SE p-value \u03b2 SE p-value \u03b2 SE p-value Bedding NS NS 0.0109 RMS RMS RMS 0.196 0.375 Peat Peat Peat Ref Study period NS 0.008 1 1 \u22120.273 0.521 1 2 2 Ref 2 \u03b2 =generalized linear regression coefficient; Ref = reference AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE L. Frondelius et al. (2020) 29: 420\u2013431 426 the milk samples taken had less than 150000 cells ml-1; 45.4% of the samples in RMS bedding and 43.5% in peat bedding had less than 50000 cells ml-1, and 29.9% and 34.3% 50000\u2013149000 cells ml-1, respectively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-95617", "words": "6200", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Ben Zaabza, Hafedh; M\u00e4ntysaari, Esa A. ; Strand\u00e9n, Ismo ; Ben Zaabza, Hafedh", "title": "Snp_blup_rel: software for calculating individual animal SNP-BLUP model reliabilities", "date": "2020", "keywords": "blup; file; genomic; matrix; model; number; option; snp", "summary": "When both the marker and the pedigree information influence the genomic relationship matrix Gw, it can be written Gw=(1-w)ZZ\u00b4+wA22, where w is the RPG proportion, Z is an n by m marker matrix of centered and scaled genotypes, and A22 is the pedigree relationship matrix among the gen- otyped animals. We use MC samples y=1n\u00b5+uG+e, \u03c3u 2 \u03c3e 2 1 sk \ufffd1-2pk\ufffd 1 sk \ufffd0-2pk\ufffd 1 sk \ufffd2-2pk\ufffd sk=\ufffd\ufffd2pl\ufffd1-pl\ufffd m l=1 sk=\ufffdm2pk\ufffd1-pk\ufffd y=1n\u00b5+Wu+e, \ufffd1n ' R-11n 1n ' R-1W W'R-11n W'R-1W+\u03bb\u03a9-1\ufffd \ufffd \u00b5\ufffd u\ufffd\ufffd = \ufffd1n ' R-1y W'R-1y \ufffd, ri 2=1-\u03bb wiCuuwi ' {Gw}ii , y=1n\u00b5+Sv+e, S=\ufffd\ufffd(1-w)Z \u221awU\ufffd v'=\ufffdg' gp ' \ufffd W=[\ufffd(1-w)Z \u221awIn] g~N(0, Im\u03c3u 2) a~N(0, A22\u03c3u 2) \u03bb= \u03c3e 2 \u03c3u 2 \u03a9= \ufffdIm 0 0", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-95620", "words": "6511", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Grigoriev, Sergei; Illarionova, Ksenia ; Shelenga, Tatiana; Grigorev, Sergei", "title": "Hempseeds (Cannabis spp.) as a source of functional food ingredients, prebiotics and phytosterols", "date": "2020", "keywords": "accessions; acid; content; dual; feral; fibre; food; hemp; oil; phytol; polysaccharides; ppm; russia; seed", "summary": "In Europe, the area cultivated with industrial hemp (dual-purpose production: seed and stem) increased from 15700 ha in 2013 to 33000 ha in 2016, with a further increase expected, mainly driven by the rising demand for hemp seed (Baldini et al. 2020). Hemp seeds and oil have started to be used in a vari- ety of food products.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-95778", "words": "7839", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Persson, Tomas ; Szulc, Wieslaw; Rutkowska, Beata; H\u00f6glind, Mats; Hanslin, Hans Martin; S\u00e6b\u00f8, Arne; Persson, Tomas", "title": "Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production under different soil conditions ", "date": "2020", "keywords": "amendments; biochar; biomass; content; effects; et al; manure; matter; plant; sand; science; soil; species; s\u00e6rheim; yield", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Persson et al. (2020) 29: 482\u2013493 482 Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production under different soil conditions 1Tomas Persson, 2 Wieslaw Szulc, 2Beata Rutkowska, 1Mats H\u00f6glind, 1Hans Martin Hanslin and 1Arne S\u00e6b\u00f8 1Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), S\u00e6rheim, Norway 2Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: tomas.persson@nibio.no Organic amendments can improve grassland productivity. https://doi.org/10.4141/S98-074 Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production underdifferent soil conditions Introduction Materials and methods Experimental locations, and stand establishment and management Organic amendment characteristics and application Soil water-holding capacity Cutting regimes and dry-matter determination Statistical analysis Results Species differences Amendment effects on biomass Soil nutrients and water-holding capacity Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-96041", "words": "6370", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Ylinen, Vappu; Mohaibes, Maarit; Peura, Jussi; Valaja, Jarmo; Ylinen, Vappu", "title": "Effects of feed energy and protein level on growth and pelt parameters in blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the late growing-furring period", "date": "2020", "keywords": "bcs; body; energy; et al; fat; feed; foxes; pelt; protein; quality; size", "summary": "AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE V. Ylinen et al. (2020) 29: 442\u2013450 442 Effects of feed energy and protein level on growth and pelt parameters in blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the late growing- furring period Vappu Ylinen1, Maarit Mohaibes2, Jussi Peura3 and Jarmo Valaja1 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, Koetilantie 5, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2Kannus Research Farm Luova Oy, Turkistie 6, 69100 Kannus, Finland 3Finnish Fur Breeders Association, Martinkyl\u00e4ntie 48, 01601 Vantaa, Finland e-mail: vappu.ylinen@helsinki.fi The aim of the present study was to determine whether a decrease in feed energy content would prevent extreme body weight (BW) gain and fatness in blue foxes in the late growing-furring period, without compromising pelt qual- ity or pelt size. Key words: fur animal, fatness, pelt size, pelt quality Introduction Finland is the largest producer of blue fox pelt in Europe and one of the largest in the world, with blue fox pelt being the main product of the Finnish fur industry (FiFur 2018).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-97267", "words": "11404", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Bia\u0142ek, Ma\u0142gorzata; Czauderna, Marian; Zaworski, Kamil; Czauderna, Marian", "title": "Diets enriched in fish and rapeseed oils, carnosic acid, and different chemical forms of selenium affect fatty acid profile in the periintestinal fat and indices of nutritional properties of selected tissues of lambs", "date": "2020", "keywords": "acid; animal; bia\u0142ek; contents; control; control diet; czauderna; czauderna et; dietary; diets; et al; fatty; index; lambs; pif; science; sfa; table; tissues; tocopherols; vise; yse", "summary": "The concentrations (\u00b5g g-1 PIF) of total cholesterol (TCh), tocopherols and MDA (ng g-1 PIF)1 and values of the PUFA peroxidation index (MDAindex) in the periintestinal fat (PIF) of lambs fed the control and experimental diets Item Additive \u2013 CA YSe + CA VISe + CA SEM p-value Group Control CA YSe-CA VISe-CA TCh 72.3c 42.7a 71.8c 53.9b 0.2 0.04 \u03b4-tocopherol (\u03b4\u03a4) 1.48b 1.38b 1.17a 1.17a 0.01 0.02 \u03b3-tocopherol (\u03b3\u03a4) 1.17b 1.17b 0.97a 0.95a 0.01 0.02 \u03b1-tocopherol (\u03b1\u03a4) 2.38a 2.45ab 3.20c 2.51b 0.02 0.03 \u03b1-tocopheryl acetate (\u03b1\u03a4Ac) 3.47a 4.50c 4.04b 3.81b 0.02 0.02 \u03a3(\u03b1\u03a4+\u03b1\u03a4Ac) 2 5.85a 6.95c 7.24c 6.32b 0.02 0.01 \u03a3Ts 3 8.52a 9.48b 9.38b 8.42a 0.05 0.04 MDA, 5.08d 1.74a 4.50c 3.17b 0.04 0.02 MDAindex 4 0.106c 0.036a 0.080b 0.077b 0.002 0.03 Table 8. The experimental diets with YSe or VISe reduced sums of long-chain polyunsaturated FA in the PIF compared to the control and CA diets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-97338", "words": "7544", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Demirok Soncu, Eda; Demirok Soncu, Eda", "title": "Protein oxidation and subsequent changes in chicken breast and thigh meats during long-term frozen storage", "date": "2020", "keywords": "breast; chicken; et al; meat; month; oxidation; protein; sample; storage; thigh", "summary": "Effect of thawing and cold storage on frozen chicken thigh meat quality by high-voltage electrostatic field. Results and discussion Evaluating the protein oxidation in chicken breast meat and chicken thigh meat The main pathway for protein carbonylation in meat is known as metal ion-catalyzed oxidation of side chains of some sensitive amino acids such as lysine, threonine, arginine and proline.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-98024", "words": "7088", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Pietarinen, Jaakko; M\u00e4ki-Tanila, Asko; Pietarinen, Jaakko", "title": "The efficiency of multi-generation selection on maternal traits, with implications for reindeer", "date": "2020", "keywords": "effects; index; response; selection; \ufffd \ufffd; \ufffd \ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61; \ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39 \ufffd; \ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b \ufffd; 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\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61 2 = \ufffd 1 2 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e2 + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a2 + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a \ufffd (\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121) + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61 2 + ( 1 2 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e0 2 + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61 2 )/(\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5b \u2212 1) \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc46\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61 2 = 1 4 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121)\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60 2 + 1 \ud835\udc53\ud835\udc53\ud835\udc53\ud835\udc53 \u2212 1 \ufffd 1 4 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121)\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 2 + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121)\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 2 + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121)\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc502\ufffd + 1 (\ud835\udc53\ud835\udc53\ud835\udc53\ud835\udc53 \u2212 1)\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5b \ufffd 1 2 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e0 2 + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc522\ufffd \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 = \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 = 1 2 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121) + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121) \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d = 1 4\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121)\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60 2 + 1 4\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121)\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 2 + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121)\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 2 + \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121)\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd = 1 4 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121)\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60 2 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60 = \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60 = \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc60 = 1 2\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121) (1 \u2212 \ud835\udc58\ud835\udc58\ud835\udc58\ud835\udc58\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51) \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c(\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc61\u22121) 2 \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c 2 = \ud835\udc83\ud835\udc83\ud835\udc83\ud835\udc83\u2032\ud835\udc77\ud835\udc77\ud835\udc77\ud835\udc77\ud835\udc83\ud835\udc83\ud835\udc83\ud835\udc83. \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ufffd\u0305\ufffd\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 = \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ufffd\u0305\ufffd\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 = \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ufffd\u0305\ufffd\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 = 0 ,\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ufffd\u0305\ufffd\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51 2 = (1 \u2212 \ud835\udc58\ud835\udc58\ud835\udc58\ud835\udc58\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc51) \ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c\ud835\udc3c 2/(\ud835\udc53\ud835\udc53\ud835\udc53\ud835\udc53 \u2212 1) and 0.627 Maternal response 2 \u20130.146 \u20130.138 0.016 0.041 0.152 0.174 0.275 0.290 20 \u20130.174 \u20130.162 \u20130.002 0.026 0.144 0.164 0.279 0.290 Direct response = 0.1, = 0.3 2 \u20130.006 \u20130.069 0.129 0.105 0.215 0.212 0.286 0.293 20 \u20130.073 \u20130.128 0.14 0.105 0.235 0.229 0.302 0.309 Maternal response 2 0.169 0.311 0.251 0.344 0.362 0.419 0.474 0.506 20 0.250 0.384 0.241 0.344 0.350 0.405 0.481 0.509 \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ,\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ,\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd, \ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56 \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd, \ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56 \ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc39\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ud835\udc3b\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd, \ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc56 \u210e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e2 = 0.3,\u210e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a2 = 0.1 \u210e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e2 = 0.1,\u210e\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5a2 = 0.3 \u210e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4e2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-99191", "words": "5304", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Shalavina, Ekaterina; Briukhanov, Aleksandr; Luostarinen, Sari; Trifanov, Alexey; Kozlova, Natalia; Vasilev, Eduard; Subbotin, Igor; Shalavina, Ekaterina", "title": "Revision of the total nitrogen and phosphorus content in a cattle manure-based organic fertiliser in North-West Russia", "date": "2021", "keywords": "animal; cattle; content; data; fertiliser; housing; manure; norms; russian; total", "summary": "Key words: excretion, animal manure, organic waste, ecology, treatment, nutrients Introduction Cattle manure is a mixture of animal manure, bedding material, and different waters from animal housing, such as washing of feed troughs and manure channels and cleaning of premises. This underlines the need to update the established Rus- sian norms for manure nutrient content according to the current findings.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-99202", "words": "6582", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Regina, Kristiina; K\u00e4nk\u00e4nen, Hannu; Singh, Pooja; Regina, Kristiina", "title": "Impacts of green manure on crop yield, nitrogen leaching and nitrous oxide emissions in sandy and clay soil lysimeters", "date": "2021", "keywords": "clover; crop; fertilizer; green; leaching; manure; mineral; soil; spring; treatments; wheat; winter", "summary": "The effect of delaying autumn incorporation of green manure crop on N mineralization and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) performance. Timing incorporation of different green manure crops to minimize the risk of nitrogen leaching.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "afs-99409", "words": "7099", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Omer, Zahra Saad; Nadeau, Elisabet ; Stoltz, Eva ; Edin, Eva ; Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte; Omer, Zahra Saad", "title": "Effects of sulphur fertilization in organically cultivated faba bean ", "date": "2020", "keywords": "bean; content; faba; gypsum; ha-1; kieserite; sulphur; yield", "summary": "(% DM) Total S uptake (kg ha-1) N:S ratio 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 Location (county) \u00d6G 0.97 a 0.22 b 0.19 b 0.12 bc 18.0 a 2.6 b 30 a 46 a SK \u2013 0.37 a 0.18 b 0.11 c \u2013 a 4.0 a 17 b 30 b VG 0.14 c 0.17 c 0.18 b 0.13 b 2.6 c 2.3 b 26 a 21 c \u00d6R 0.52 b 0.25 b 0.29 a 0.17 a 14.9 b 4.3 a 18 b 25 c p-value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Treatment Untreated 0.57 0.26 0.18 c 0.12 b 11.6 3.0 b 22 33 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 0.53 0.25 0.20 b 0.13 ab 11.4 3.4 b 21 31 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 0.58 0.23 0.22 ab 0.13 ab 13.1 3.1 b 22 29 Kieserite 20 kg S ha-1 0.54 0.24 0.21 ab 0.13 ab 11.9 3.1 b 24 32 Kieserite 40 kg S ha-1 0.50 0.26 0.23 a 0.15 a 11.3 3.7 a 23 28 p-value ns ns <0.001 <0.001 ns < 0.05 ns ns Different letters indicate significant differences between means within a column for the effects of location and treatment according to Tukey\u2019s HSD test (p < 0.05). Protein yield (kg ha-1) DM bean (%) Location (county) \u00d6G-17 5531a 30.7c 1697a 70.9d SK-17 4451b 33.0a 1467b 85.9b VG-17 3943c 31.1bc 957d 75.4c \u00d6R-17 3080d 31.9b 1256c 87.5a p-value 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Treatment Untreated 4333 31.5 1365 80.0 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 4308 31.6 1358 79.9 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 4227 31.7 1339 79.9 Kieserite 20 kg S ha-1 4265 31.7 1350 79.9 Kieserite 40 kg S ha-1 4122 31.8 1308 80.0 p-value ns ns ns ns Location \u00d7 Treatment \u00d6G-17 Untreated 5676a 31.0 1760a 71.1 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 5651a 30.5 1725ab 70.9 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 5265ab 30.5 1605abc 71.0 Kieserite 20 kg S ha-1 5795a 30.7 1777a 70.7 Kieserite 40 kg S ha-1 5266ab 30.7 1615abc 70.7 SK-17 Untreated 4814bc 32.6 1567abcd 85.8 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 4490bcd 33.1 1484bcde 85.8 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 4480bcd 33.1 1482bcde 85.7 Kieserite 20 kg S", "mime": "application/pdf"}]