item: #1 of 2310 id: afs-100693 author: Manni, Katariina; Lötjönen, Timo; Huuskonen, Arto; Manni, Katariina title: Comparing spring triticale varieties to barley and wheat varieties when harvested as whole crop date: 2021 words: 8163 flesch: 63 summary: Production costs were calculated for whole crop barley silage, triticale silage, faba bean-wheat silage, and clo- ver-timothy silage. For example, barley whole crop silage has a different value for dairy feeding than high quality grass silage. keywords: barley; barley varieties; costs; crop; fertilizer; kg-1; p<0.05; production; rate; seed; silage; triticale; varieties; variety; wheat; yield cache: afs-100693.pdf plain text: afs-100693.txt item: #2 of 2310 id: afs-101280 author: Żarczyński, Piotr; Sienkiewicz, Stanisław; Wierzbowska, Jadwiga; Krzebietke, Sławomir Józef; Krzebietke, Sławomir Józef title: Response of winter oilseed rape to differentiated foliar fertilisation date: 2021 words: 4806 flesch: 59 summary: In their experiment, the cited authors noted a considerable increase in the content of zinc, manganese and iron in roots of oilseed rape at BBCH 30 stage after sowing winter oilseed rape seeds together with a fertiliser in the form of microgranules containing macro- and micronutrients (Physiostart®). In our trials, the application of AgravitaActive caused a rise in the content of magnesium in winter oilseed rape seeds. keywords: aa48; autumn; bbch; content; ha-1; oilseed; oilseed rape; rape; winter; yield cache: afs-101280.pdf plain text: afs-101280.txt item: #3 of 2310 id: afs-101446 author: Degefu, Yeshitila; Degefu, Yeshitila title: Co-occurrence of latent Dickeya and Pectobacterium species in potato seed tuber samples from northern Finland: Co-colonization of latent Dickeya and Pectobacterium species in potato seed lots date: 2021 words: 4595 flesch: 50 summary: nov. and Dickeya zeae sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolution- ary Microbiology 55: 1415–1427. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02791-0 Sarfras, S., Riaz, K., Oulghazi, S., Cigna, J., Sahi, S.T., Khan, S.H. & Faure, D. 2018. Brenner et al. 1973 and Brenneria paradisiaca to the genus Dickeya gen. nov. keywords: blackleg; dickeya; et al; finland; pectobacterium; plant; potato; solani; species cache: afs-101446.pdf plain text: afs-101446.txt item: #4 of 2310 id: afs-101833 author: Sairanen, Auvo; Kajava, Sari ; Palmio, Annu; Rinne, Marketta; Sairanen, Auvo title: A comparison of grass silages harvested at first, second and third cut on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows date: 2021 words: 7300 flesch: 60 summary: A comparison of grass silages harvested at first, second and third cut on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows Auvo Sairanen1, Sari Kajava1, Annu Palmio1 and Marketta Rinne2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: auvo.sairanen@luke.fi The objective of this study was to compare the milk production potential of subsequent first, second and third cuts of grass silage from the same sward in Northern latitudes. Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a revision of the rela- tive silage dry-matter intake index. keywords: content; cut; exp; experiment; grass; intake; milk; production; silages cache: afs-101833.pdf plain text: afs-101833.txt item: #5 of 2310 id: afs-103062 author: Hansson, Helena; Simon, Katalin; Kristensen, Iryna; Hansson, Helena title: Land Acquisition Regulation through the lens of expert stakeholders’ mental models - what are the implications for business development among Swedish farmers? date: 2021 words: 7642 flesch: 43 summary: Findings presented here have implications for policy related to agricultural land regulation and the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. For instance, focusing on price drivers, Lehn and Bahrs (2018) found urban sprawl and livestock production to be the most important factors driving the price of agricultural land in Germany and suggested a focus on regulation that underlines these factors instead of new land price related regulations if society is seeking a reduction in land prices. keywords: development; farmers; farms; forestry; forestry land; forestry owners; laa; land; market; models; owners; regulation; respondents cache: afs-103062.pdf plain text: afs-103062.txt item: #6 of 2310 id: afs-103422 author: Blomquist, Jens Erik; Berglund, Kerstin; Blomquist, Jens Erik title: Timing and conditions modify the effect of structure liming on clay soil date: 2021 words: 7678 flesch: 54 summary: Rå- belöv site also showed significantly increased Tot-P concentrations at early liming date, without turbidity show- ing significant differences between the treatments. This was supported by the fact that concentrations in lysimeter leachate of all phosphorus fractions were 6–7 times higher for Krapperup than for Kornheddinge at early liming date. keywords: aggregate; date; early; lime; liming; liming date; phosphorus; sites; size; soil; stability; structure; tillage; turbidity cache: afs-103422.pdf plain text: afs-103422.txt item: #7 of 2310 id: afs-107580 author: Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Knuuttila, Marja; Vatanen, Eero; Niemi, Jyrki; Huan-Niemi, Ellen title: Dependency of domestic food sectors on imported inputs with Finland as a case study date: 2021 words: 7147 flesch: 50 summary: There is national interest in Finland to discover and study country-specific complexities within the food sectors due to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on domestic food production. The rate for import dependency of domestic food production has been examined in Finland since 2008 because detailed input-output data for the period 2008–2016 (Statistics Finland 2020a) is avail- able for analysis. keywords: dependency; energy; finland; food; goods; imports; industries; industry; inputs; output; production; products; sectors; services; supply cache: afs-107580.pdf plain text: afs-107580.txt item: #8 of 2310 id: afs-107898 author: Rotola-Pukkila, Minna; Välimaa, Anna-Liisa; Suomela, Jukka-Pekka; Yang, Baoru; Karhu, Saila; Hopia, Anu; Rotola-Pukkila, Minna title: Effect of daily light integral treatments on free amino acids and sugars contributing flavor and acrylamide formation in potato tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. date: 2021 words: 7726 flesch: 59 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 85–95 85 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.107898 Effect of daily light integral treatments on free amino acids and sugars contributing flavor and acrylamide formation in potato tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. Minna K. Rotola-Pukkila1,3, Anna-Liisa Välimaa2, Jukka-Pekka Suomela3, Baoru Yang3, Saila Karhu4 and Anu I. Hopia1 1University of Turku, Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, FI-20014 Turku, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland 3University of Turku, Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development, FI-20014 Turku, Finland 4Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland e-mail: minna.rotola-pukkila@utu.fi To study the effect of photoperiodic conditions on the chemical composition of potato tubers, seven cultivars, grown under controlled conditions, were evaluated for the content of free amino acids (FAA) and sugars. In this research, we study the effects of high latitude light conditions during the growing season on the quality of potato tubers. keywords: acid; amino; analysis; concentration; conditions; cultivars; day; faas; food; glucose; light; potato; sugars; tubers cache: afs-107898.pdf plain text: afs-107898.txt item: #9 of 2310 id: afs-107978 author: Pokrzywa, Piotr; Surma, Magdalena; Pokrzywa, Piotr title: Assessment of the patulin contamination level in selected apple-based products available in retail in Poland date: 2022 words: 4820 flesch: 62 summary: The determined levels of contamination were significantly lower than a maximum acceptable level specified in the provisions of the food law at the level of 50.0 μg kg-1 for apple juice. When considering the value of the average daily consumption of apple juice in Poland, the PAT daily intake from apple juice did not exceed the tolerable daily intake in any of the examined samples and amounted to a maximum of 1.6% of PMTDI. keywords: apple; children; food; juice; kg-1; level; pat; products; samples cache: afs-107978.pdf plain text: afs-107978.txt item: #10 of 2310 id: afs-108983 author: Kann, Liina; Koppel, Mati ; Kaart, Tanel ; Islamov, Bulat; Sooväli, Pille ; Mäe, Andres ; Kann, Liina title: Resistance developments in Estonia’s population of pollen beetles (Brassicogethes aeneus) date: 2021 words: 206 flesch: 68 summary: Pollen beetle mortality rates at different thiacloprid dosages depending upon the year, both in fields containing spring oilseed rape (SOSR) and winter oilseed rape (WOSR). L. Kann et al. keywords: fields cache: afs-108983.pdf plain text: afs-108983.txt item: #11 of 2310 id: afs-109657 author: Prusinski, Janusz; Prusinski, Janusz title: Effect of the interrow width and plant density on the yielding of white lupin date: 2021 words: 5285 flesch: 64 summary: Average 4-year plant population of white lupin plants depending on row spacing and plant density Factors Year Mean 2016 2017 2018 2019 Row spacing (RS) cm 16 67.3 63.7 63.4 65.3 64.9 32 66.3 66.7 66.8 68.1 67.0 Plant density (PD) 60 56.6 c 56.4 b 56.0 b 56.2 c 56.3 b 75 68.2 b 67.2 a 68.3 a 67.4 b 67.8 a 90 75.5 a 72.1 a 70.9 a 76.4 a 73.7 a Mean 66.8 65.2 65.1 66.3 65.9 ANOVA RS ns ns ns ns ns PD ** ** ** ** ** RS x PD ns * ns * ns Janusz Prusiński 161 The mean white lupin seed yield in 2016–2019 was 3.95 t ha-1 (Table 4). Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) for total rainfall in different months, for the entire vegetation period and seed yield white lupin Month April May June July August June–August April–August R 0.537 ns 0.019 ns 0.622 ns 0.758 ns 0.937 ns 0.930 ns 0.961 * * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ns = not significant b a c c 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 2016 2017 2018 2019 t. h a-1 b a c c 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2016 2017 2018 2019 kg .h a-1 (a) (b) Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 158–165 162 On average for the research years, the number of pods per white lupin plant was 7.03 (Table 6). keywords: density; et al; lupin; plant; plant density; row; seed; white; years; yield cache: afs-109657.pdf plain text: afs-109657.txt item: #12 of 2310 id: afs-110877 author: Śmiecińska, Katarzyna; Sobotka, Wiesław ; Fiedorowicz-Szatkowska, Elwira ; Śmiecińska, Katarzyna title: Carcass and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with plant-based protein sources alternative to genetically modified soybean meal date: 2021 words: 8738 flesch: 57 summary: (Effect of genetically modified soybean and ‘’00’’ rapeseed meals on pig fattening performance and technological and sensory prop- erties of pig meat). Legume seeds, including yellow lupin (YL) and faba bean (FB) seeds, are another source of protein in pig diets. keywords: animal; carcass; content; corn; diets; et al; meal; meat; pigs; points; protein; quality; rsm; sbm; science; seeds cache: afs-110877.pdf plain text: afs-110877.txt item: #13 of 2310 id: afs-111107 author: Räty, Mari; Keskinen, Riikka; Yli-Halla, Markku; Hyvönen, Juha; Soinne, Helena; Räty, Mari title: Estimating cation exchange capacity and clay content from agricultural soil testing data date: 2021 words: 9934 flesch: 62 summary: Organic soils Peat 0.20 ± 0.14 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.17 0.24 0.42 0.59 Mull 0.14 ± 0.14 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.21 0.70 Mineral soils Heavy Clay 0.16 ± 0.07 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.20 0.40 Clay 0.13 ± 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.21 0.77 Medium 0.14 ± 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.10 0.12 0.17 1.80 Coarse 0.09 ± 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.36 Agricultural and Food Science (2021) 30: 131–145 137 The mean contents of exchangeable K+ approached an average of 0.70 cmol(+) kg-1 in clay soils, while it averaged 0.36 cmol(+) kg-1 among other soil types. The acquired data was used to 1) calculate reference values for the CEC and its components in different soil types, 2) develop pedotransfer functions for predicting the CEC and its components from soil organic C (SOC) and clay contents, pH, and Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ extracted in standard agronomic soil testing, and 3) develop pedotransfer functions for soil clay and FINES content using the above-mentioned characteristics as explanatory variables. keywords: cec; clay; cmol(+; content; data; finland; kg-1; mineral; soc; soils; table cache: afs-111107.pdf plain text: afs-111107.txt item: #14 of 2310 id: afs-111665 author: Koskela, Olli; Benitez Pereira, Leonardo Santiago; Pölönen, Ilpo; Aronen, Ilmo; Kunttu, Iivari; Koskela, Olli title: Deep learning image recognition of cow behavior and an open data set acquired near an automatic milking robot date: 2022 words: 8638 flesch: 57 summary: Previously, aggression has been detected with an accuracy rate of 98% and a recall rate of 98% (Chen et al. 2019); interaction or non-interaction with an accuracy rate of approximately 60% and a recall rate of 100% (Ardo et al. 2017); feeding or non-feeding with an accuracy rate of 92% and a recall rate of 88% (Porto et al. 2015), accuracy rate of 97% (Achour et al. 2020) or 99.4% in a pig study (Alameer et al. 2020); and mounting or non-mounting with an accuracy rate of 91% and a recall rate of 95% (Li et al. 2019). Computer vision approaches employing video cam- eras are scalable and low-cost solutions (Banhazi and Tscharke 2016) and have been successfully used to monitor physiological and behavioral parameters related to pre-slaughter stress (Jorquera-Chavez et al. 2019); to detect hoof disease (Gu et al. 2017); to track gait and identify lameness (Gardenier et al. 2018, Jiang et al. 2019a, Kang et al. 2022), to analyze health problems through calculating body condition scores (Zin et al. 2018b, Huang et al. 2019), body structure (Jiang et al. 2019 b, Liu et al. 2020) and faecal monitoring (Atkinson et al. 2020); and to de- tect aggressive behaviors (Chen et al. 2019). keywords: activation; class; classes; cow; cows; dairy; data; et al; image; interaction; network; precision; rate; set; video cache: afs-111665.pdf plain text: afs-111665.txt item: #15 of 2310 id: afs-112241 author: Aleksandrova, Olha; Zhmykhova, Tetiana; Viira, Ants-Hannes ; Aleksandrova, Olha title: The role of subsidies in stabilising farm income: Evidence from Estonia date: 2022 words: 8586 flesch: 58 summary: The role of subsidies in stabilising farm income: Evidence from Estonia Olha Aleksandrova1, Tetiana Zhmykhova2 and Ants-Hannes Viira1 1Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia 2Donbas National Academy of Building Engineering and Architecture, Department of Higher and Applied Mathematics, Derzhavin str., 2, Makeyevka, Ukraine email: olha.aleksandrova@emu.ee This study examines the role of agricultural subsidies in the farm income (FI) variation in Estonia in the period 2006– 2019 using data from a balanced panel of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) farms. In this study, FI is defined as: (1) where FI is farm income as given by FADN variable gross farm income (FADN code SE410). keywords: farms; income; level; livestock; pse; quartile; size; subsidies; total; variability cache: afs-112241.pdf plain text: afs-112241.txt item: #16 of 2310 id: afs-112827 author: Räsänen, Kati; Hannukkala, Asko; Kurppa, Sirpa; Aaltonen, Marja; Rahkonen, Anne; Kukkonen, Jussi; Vänninen, Irene; Räsänen, Kati title: The use of chemical plant protection products in field vegetable farms in a central industrial vegetable growing area in Finland: PPP use in vegetables in Finland date: 2022 words: 9319 flesch: 59 summary: Forecasts for late blight are not com- monly used in Finland because the time window to treat potato crops is very narrow, due to the shortness of the growing season. The results of this study form a basis for analyzing ecotoxicological risks of PPP use in the studied crops because usage and spray fre- quencies alone do not convey the risk levels accurately. keywords: apetit; carrot; crops; data; field; finland; ha-1; institute; number; pea; potato; ppps; resistance; slope; swede; use cache: afs-112827.pdf plain text: afs-112827.txt item: #17 of 2310 id: afs-113471 author: Sairanen, Auvo; Juutinen, Elina; Rinne, Marketta; Rinne, Marketta title: The effect of grass silage harvesting strategy and concentrate level on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production of dairy cows date: 2022 words: 9575 flesch: 54 summary: Otherwise, silage harvest effects on milk composition were minor except for a low- er (p< 0.01) protein concentration when second rather than first harvest was fed. The model in Exp 2 included period, block, grass silage harvest, the amount of con- centrate and the interaction between the amount of concentrate and harvest as fixed-class variables, and cow was used as a random variable. keywords: concentrate; cows; dairy; digestibility; et al; exp; grass; harvest; intake; level; milk; production; silage cache: afs-113471.pdf plain text: afs-113471.txt item: #18 of 2310 id: afs-113476 author: Sobkowicz, Piotr; Tendziagolska, Ewa; Tendziagolska, Ewa title: The effect of timing and intensity of weed harrowing in triticale-lupin mixture on weeds and crops date: 2022 words: 8306 flesch: 61 summary: According to Coleman et al. (2019), the total energy requirements for weed harrowing are much lower than those for herbicide use or for a thermal method or mulching. Being the whole-surface method, weed harrowing is known for its low selectivity (i.e., weed control/crop dam- age relationship). keywords: control; density; grain; harrowing; leaf; lupin; mixture; plant; research; tillering; triticale; weed; yield cache: afs-113476.pdf plain text: afs-113476.txt item: #19 of 2310 id: afs-113478 author: Marković, Jordan; Lazarević, Đorđe; Bekčić, Filip; Prijović, Mladen; Vasić, Tanja; Živković, Sanja; Štrbanović, Ratibor; Marković, Jordan title: Protein and carbohydrate profiles of a diploid and a tetraploid red clover cultivar date: 2022 words: 6973 flesch: 57 summary: Red clover cultivars vary in quality based on the stage of development at harvest and on whether they are diploid or tetraploid. Red clover cultivar and stage of development, as well as their interactions were added as fixed effects in the mod- el. keywords: cho; clover; cultivar; development; drcc; kg-1; protein; red; stage; trcc cache: afs-113478.pdf plain text: afs-113478.txt item: #20 of 2310 id: afs-113503 author: Stadler, Christina; Stadler, Christina title: Importance of light source position in exposure sequence for optimization of coloration and yield of red winter lettuce date: 2022 words: 6397 flesch: 59 summary: How- ever, with increasing duration under LED lights growth, FW and DW was reduced, whereas the electricity con- sumption was better transferred into yield. The present study examined the effect of different light sources and their position in exposure sequence on the yield and quality of red winter lettuce plants grown under, otherwise, the same environmental conditions. keywords: growth; hps; leds; lettuce; light; lighting; period; plants; red; temperature; weeks cache: afs-113503.pdf plain text: afs-113503.txt item: #21 of 2310 id: afs-113752 author: Huhtanen, Pekka; Astaptsev, Aleksi; Nousiainen, Juha; Huhtanen, Pekka title: Methane production inventory between 1960–2020 in the Finnish dairy sector and the future mitigation scenarios date: 2022 words: 7102 flesch: 59 summary: In comparison to current maintenance requirement of 0.515 MJ kg-1 MBW using a value of 0.60 MJ kg-1 MBW increased required DM intake 5% and increased CH4 production by about 3%. The to- tal milk and CH4 production peaked in 1965 being 3650 and 110 million kg per year and decreased to 2300 and 48 million kg per year in 2020, respectively. keywords: ch4; cows; dairy; ecm; efficiency; feed; intensity; kg-1; methane; milk; production; yield cache: afs-113752.pdf plain text: afs-113752.txt item: #22 of 2310 id: afs-113911 author: Hansen, Bjørn Gunnar; Jenssen, Maria Natalie; Larsson, Ingrid Melstveit ; Hansen, Bjørn Gunnar title: Loose housing-nothing to lose? Exploring the on-farm profitability, risk and agricultural policy consequences associated with a tie-stall ban on dairy farms date: 2022 words: 8819 flesch: 61 summary: Today, more than 56 percent of the milk produced in Norway comes from dairy farms with AMS, and the percentage is increasing (Mikalsen et al. 2021). A rapid structural change is on- going, and in the period 2014 to 2019 the number of dairy farms decreased by 6.9 percent annually (IFCN 2020). keywords: agriculture; average; cows; dairy; farmers; farmland; farms; housing; investment; milk; norway; number; stalls; tie; vestland cache: afs-113911.pdf plain text: afs-113911.txt item: #23 of 2310 id: afs-115262 author: Martens, Siriwan; Wildner, Vicki; Schulze, Johanna; Richardt, Wolfram; Greef, Jörg M.; Zeyner, Annette; Steinhöfel, Olaf; Martens, Siriwan title: Chemical treatment of straw for ruminant feeding with NaOH or urea – investigative steps via practical application under current European Union conditions date: 2022 words: 12245 flesch: 66 summary: [g kg-1 DM] *** o *** *** *** *** ** * n.s. *** Ether extract [g kg-1 DM] n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. aNDFom n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Calculated forage quality TDN keywords: adl; andfom; ash; chemical; detergent; digestibility; dm kg-1; g dm; g kg-1; g urea; kg-1; n.s; naoh; ndfd30h; o n.s; storage; straw; table; treatments; trial; urea; urea kg-1 cache: afs-115262.pdf plain text: afs-115262.txt item: #24 of 2310 id: afs-115275 author: Taha, Vahel Jaladet; Huntington , James ; Wilkinson, Robert ; Davies, Dave ; Taha, Vahel Jaladet title: The effect of supplemented chestnut tannin to grass silage either at ensiling or at feeding on lamb performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality date: 2022 words: 8465 flesch: 56 summary: Meat colour and rancidity In the current study, three groups of lambs were fed ryegrass silage treated with tannin either at ensiling or prior to feeding, however, tannin supplementation (both methods of inclusion) did not have any significant effect on meat colour or lipid oxidation. The molar concentration or the pro- portion of the total or individual VFA of the rumen fluid was not affected by feeding lambs ryegrass silage treated with chestnut HT either at ensiling or at feeding (Table 3). keywords: animal; chestnut; chestnut ht; ensiling; feeding; kg-1; lambs; meat; protein; ryegrass; silage; tannin cache: afs-115275.pdf plain text: afs-115275.txt item: #25 of 2310 id: afs-115313 author: Blomquist, Jens Erik; Englund, Jan-Eric; Berglund, Kerstin; Blomquist, Jens Erik title: Site characteristics determine the duration of structure liming effects on clay soil date: 2022 words: 7996 flesch: 55 summary: Soil pH also plays a role, with soil structure being positively influenced on acid soils by an increase in base saturation through cation exchange and a decrease in distances between clay particles leading to aggregation (Wiklander, 1963). Effect of large lime quantities on soil structure, nutrient balance and crop yields. keywords: aggregate; clay; content; effect; lime; liming; soil; stability; structure; trials cache: afs-115313.pdf plain text: afs-115313.txt item: #26 of 2310 id: afs-115327 author: Salonen, Jukka; Niemi, Mari; Haavisto, Minna; Juvonen, Eeva-Liisa ; Salonen, Jukka title: Effect of annually repeated weed harrowing against Chenopodium album (L.) in organically grown spring cereals date: 2022 words: 5952 flesch: 59 summary: The sowing day in 2020 was one week later and the time between sowing and post-emergence weed harrowing was two weeks longer than in 2019, indicating the differences between an- nual growth conditions and the need for frequent field observations to adjust timing of weed harrowing. Weed harrowing is highly feasible for organic cropping but could also be applied as an integrated weed management (IWM) option in conventional farming. keywords: album; biomass; cereals; control; crop; density; emergence; post; spring; weed cache: afs-115327.pdf plain text: afs-115327.txt item: #27 of 2310 id: afs-115347 author: Uusitalo, Risto; Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi; Uusitalo, Risto title: Yield response of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa Capitata group) to phosphorus fertilisation in a boreal soil date: 2022 words: 5853 flesch: 58 summary: Soil sampling and soil P analyses Soil samples, composed of 15 subsamples, were taken from the (0–20 cm) plough layer of each plot prior to the fertilisation. The used extraction reflects the readily soluble P concentration in soil and extracts about the same amount of soil P as water at 1:50 w/vol ratio (Yli-Halla 1989). keywords: fertilisation; fertiliser; ha-1; lettuce; maximum; phosphorus; plantings; science; soil; spring; yield cache: afs-115347.pdf plain text: afs-115347.txt item: #28 of 2310 id: afs-115381 author: Jatkauskas, Jonas; Vrotniakiene, Vilma; Eisner, Ivan; Witt, Kristian K. ; Copani, Giuseppe; Jatkauskas, Jonas title: Effect of inoculants of different composition on the quality of rye silages harvested at different stages of maturity date: 2022 words: 8082 flesch: 55 summary: Although the addition of homofermentative LAB strains was effective in reducing fermentation losses, it impaired the aerobic stability of rye silages. The results of our experiment show that rye silages inoculated with a blend of hetero- and homofermentative LAB (L. buchneri and L. lactis, T3) had the highest values of aerobic stability and LAB counts, the lowest fresh weight loss, and the lowest number of yeasts and moulds at mini-silo opening and at the end of aerobic exposure at all three vegetations stages. keywords: acid; cfu; cfu g-1; crop; g-1 l.; l. buchneri; lab; rye; silage cache: afs-115381.pdf plain text: afs-115381.txt item: #29 of 2310 id: afs-115415 author: Pouta, Eija; Liski, Eero; Tienhaara, Annika; Lankia, Tuija; Niemi, Jyrki; Pouta, Eija title: Contingent allocation of the agri-food budget: comparison of farmer and non-farmer preferences date: 2022 words: 11098 flesch: 49 summary: We were also able to explain the allocation with citizen characteristics to provide informa- tion on which population groups might benefit or suffer from the shifts in agricultural budget allocation. Key words: agricultural policy, budget allocation, compositional data analysis, budget size Introduction Agricultural production faces versatile and often conflicting expectations. keywords: agriculture; allocation; analysis; budget; budget allocation; citizens; cluster; data; et al; farmers; food; model; policy; preferences; production; respondents; support cache: afs-115415.pdf plain text: afs-115415.txt item: #30 of 2310 id: afs-115968 author: Martens, Siriwan; Jilg, Annette; Schneider, Mariana; Misthilger, Barbara; Ohl, Susanne; Steinhöfel, Olaf; Martens, Siriwan title: Testing the aerobic stability of silage-based mixed rations using a multiple indicator approach date: 2022 words: 8899 flesch: 63 summary: Example of normalized radar plots with aerobic stability indicators sorted by the occurrence of no yeasts + molds, only yeasts, only molds and yeasts + molds in (a) pressed beet pulp, (b) Total Mixed Rations. Silage Science and Technology. keywords: acid; fig; institute; losses; n.a; science; silage; stability; table; temperature; test; tmr; trial cache: afs-115968.pdf plain text: afs-115968.txt item: #31 of 2310 id: afs-116081 author: Iso-Touru, Terhi; Uimari, Pekka ; Elo, Kari; Sevon-Aimonen, Marja-Liisa; Sironen, Anu; Sironen, Anu title: Identification of copy number variations and candidate genes for reproduction traits in Finnish pig populations date: 2022 words: 5482 flesch: 57 summary: Copy number variations regions (CNVRs) were defined by merging overlapping CNVs to CNVRs using bedtools (Quinlan and Hall 2010). All shared segments were copy number losses. keywords: analysis; association; finnish; genome; gwas; landrace; loss; number; regions; reproduction; snp; traits; variant; yorkshire cache: afs-116081.pdf plain text: afs-116081.txt item: #32 of 2310 id: afs-116192 author: Bartosz, Grzegorz; Baran, Sabina; Grzesik-Pietrasiewicz, Michalina; Sadowska-Bartosz, Izabela; Sadowska-Bartosz, izabela title: Antioxidant capacity and hydrogen peroxide formation by black and orange carrots: Black and orange carrots date: 2022 words: 4709 flesch: 46 summary: Black carrots owe their colour to the high anthocyanin content. Black carrots generated much more hydrogen peroxide than orange carrots (55.0 ± 2.6 µM vs 6.0 ± 2.1 µM in phosphate buffer, 8.7 ± 1.2 vs 0.3 ± 0.1 µM in water, in 1:5 (w/v) homogenates. keywords: anthocyanin; antioxidant; buffer; carrots; et al; food; hydrogen; orange; peroxide cache: afs-116192.pdf plain text: afs-116192.txt item: #33 of 2310 id: afs-119416 author: Liu, Yanbing ; Xue, Jiacheng ; Che, Gongheng ; Guo, Liping; Tang, Juan ; Guo, Liping title: Effects of blue light on physiological and biochemical changes in germinating cabbage sprouts date: 2022 words: 6918 flesch: 57 summary: Blue light could better retain glucosinolate content in cabbage sprouts than the dark- ness. More isothiocyanates formation was observed from cabbage sprouts under blue light, which was a result of the promoted myrosinase activity and higher glucosinolate content. keywords: acid; activity; ascorbic; cabbage; cabbage sprouts; content; darkness; et al; fig; food; germination; glucosinolates; light; myrosinase; sprouts cache: afs-119416.pdf plain text: afs-119416.txt item: #34 of 2310 id: afs-119804 author: Kuusela, Eeva; Okker, Laura; Kopra, Juho; Kuusela, Eeva title: Increasing selenium concentration in Finnish organic milk using participatory action approach date: 2023 words: 5760 flesch: 55 summary: Globally, milk Se concentration has been reported to vary in the range of 2–60 µg l-1 (Knowles et al. 2006). To our knowledge, the effect of SS/SY mixture on milk Se concentration has rarely been studied. keywords: concentration; dairy; effect; farms; feed; kg-1; milk; organic; selenium; study cache: afs-119804.pdf plain text: afs-119804.txt item: #35 of 2310 id: afs-119927 author: Heikkilä, Anna-Maija; Niemi, Riitta E.; Rajala-Schultz, Päivi J.; Heikkilä, Anna-Maija title: Economic perspectives on blanket and selective dry cow therapy date: 2022 words: 7416 flesch: 56 summary: Quartiles of annual margin for the fixed costs per dairy cow in herds implementing selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) and blanket dry cow therapy (BDCT) by herd size and milking system (probability of post-calving intramammary infection in parentheses). Descriptive statistics of an annual margin for the fixed costs per dairy cow in herds implementing selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) and blanket dry cow therapy (BDCT) by herd size and milking system (probability of post-calving intramammary infection in parentheses). keywords: antibiotic; bdct; costs; cows; dairy; et al; farms; herds; imi; milk; milking; model; therapy cache: afs-119927.pdf plain text: afs-119927.txt item: #36 of 2310 id: afs-120423 author: Palonen, Pauliina; Lettojärvi, Iiris; Koivisto, Anu; Raatikainen, Arja; Palonen, Pauliina title: Repeated runner removal after harvest and floating row cover during fall affect carbohydrate status and yield potential of strawberry cvs. Polka and Wendy in the Northern climate date: 2022 words: 7262 flesch: 57 summary: Soluble carbohydrates on the other hand are crucial for frost hardening and successful overwinter- ing of strawberry plants (Gagnon et al. 1990). Soluble carbohydrates are crucial for frost hardening and their concentration is related to the level of frost hardiness in strawberry plants (Paquin et al. 1989, Gagnon et al. 1990). keywords: carbohydrates; cover; development; fall; flower; plants; removal; row; runner; strawberry; yield cache: afs-120423.pdf plain text: afs-120423.txt item: #37 of 2310 id: afs-120743 author: Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Huttunen, Suvi; Paloviita, Ari; Puupponen, Antti; Lehtonen, Heikki; Niemi, Jyrki; Huan-Niemi, Ellen title: Action-oriented knowledge for sustainable management of organic soils in Finnish agriculture date: 2023 words: 9527 flesch: 45 summary: Therefore, agriculture is a contributing force to climate change due to unsustainable changes in land use with the usage of peatlands for food production in Finland and agricultural peatlands emitting 9 million tonnes of CO2 eq. Even with the scenario that allows food production on agricultural peatlands, a huge amount of land (120 000 ha) would need to be restored and a lot of agricultural peatlands would be under the measure of wet grasslands farming (120 000 ha). keywords: afforestation; emissions; farmers; finland; finnish; food; ghg; ghg emissions; management; measures; method; peatlands; policy; production; qualitative; soils; system cache: afs-120743.pdf plain text: afs-120743.txt item: #38 of 2310 id: afs-121256 author: Ko, Chan Seop; Lee, Joo Sun; Seo, Yong Weon; Seo, Yong Weon title: Various temperature effects on spikelet growth in hulless oat during grain-filling stage date: 2022 words: 9207 flesch: 54 summary: The middle portions of flag leaves on the main tillers (which were tagged earlier) of the ten plants that were subjected to high temperature stress were measured in triplicates on 0, 5, 12, 16, 20, 24, 26, 29, and 33 days after treatment (DAT) at 09:00. Key words: Avena nuda, temperature stress, physiological measurement, proteome analysis, stress tolerance, grain development Introduction Oat (Avena sativa L.), a crop that grows well under poor soil and adverse environmental conditions, is primarily cultivated in countries such as Russia, Canada, and Europe (Schnitzenbaumer and Arendt 2014). keywords: analysis; components; conditions; content; dat; development; fig; filling; grain; oat; parameters; plants; protein; seed; stage; stress; temperature; temperature conditions; temperature stress; weight; yield; ° c cache: afs-121256.pdf plain text: afs-121256.txt item: #39 of 2310 id: afs-121501 author: Jerez-Timaure, Nancy; Brinckmann, Gaspar; Berkhoff, Maureen; Ramírez-Reveco, Alfredo; Strobel, Pablo; Jerez Timaure, Nancy title: Variations of early postmortem pH in carcasses of grass-fed steers and its relationship with glycolytic potential and meat quality traits date: 2022 words: 8165 flesch: 53 summary: https://doi:10.1016/S0309-1740(03)00140-2 Variations of early postmortem pH in carcasses of grass-fed steersand its relationship with glycolytic potential and meat qualitytraits Introduction Materials and methods Animals, slaughter, carcass handling, and sampling Glycogen, glucose, lactate contents and glycolytic potential Meat quality traits Statistical analysis Results Glycolytic potential and its components in LL muscles from carcasses grouped by pH3h Effects of early pH on meat quality traits Canonical correlation and bivariate correlation Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgement References Postmortem glycolytic potential allows to measure the potential lactate formation and it has been recognized to be highly correlated with ultimate pH (Wulf et al. 2002, England et al. 2016). keywords: carcasses; correlation; et al; glycogen; meat; muscle; ph3h; postmortem; potential; quality; science; traits cache: afs-121501.pdf plain text: afs-121501.txt item: #40 of 2310 id: afs-122220 author: Autio, Sari; Laitala, Emilia; Kallio-Mannila, Kaija; Autio, Sari title: Evaluation of the Finnish action plan for the sustainable use of pesticides 2018–2022 date: 2023 words: 9093 flesch: 49 summary: • Exposure of tractor drivers during spraying • Revising of PPP product labels to better serve users • Reforming the PPP Register and implementing a Swedish language version of the Register • Biological control in glasshouses – exposure, allergies and prevention thereof • Monitoring of impacts on human health and the environment Inspection of spraying equipment (Article 8) • Regular checks and calibration of sprayers • Control of application equipment inspection activities Aerial spraying (Article 9) • Aerial spraying of PPPs using drones Informing the public of PPP treatments (Article 10) • Buffer distance to neighbours • Guidelines on informing bystanders Specific measures to protect the aquatic environment and drinking water (Article 11) • Use of PPPs in surface and groundwater areas used for the abstraction of drinking water • Buffer distances to wells and springs • Reducing the use of PPPs in specific areas with a high risk of run-off into surface or groundwater • Evaluation of the appropriateness of environmental restrictions • Setting of environmental quality standards for all active substances Reduction of PPP use or risks in specific areas (Article 12) • Use of PPPs in nature conservation (Natura) areas • Recommendation on the reduction of PPP use in specific areas • Communication on re-entry periods • Sensitising substances Handling and storage of PPPs and treatment of their packaging and remnants (Article 13) • Revision of the PPE instructions • Biobeds • Promoting the collection of PPP waste • Measures to inform operators of the sale and use periods for expired products will be taken when a product’s authorization is withdrawn. Inspection of spraying equipment and aerial spraying (Art. 8 – 9) All experts were unanimous that regular testing of spray equipment works well and has a concrete impact on reducing the risks of PPP uses. keywords: 2022; criterion; finnish; information; nap; plant; ppps; products; protection; respondents; risk; substances; training; use cache: afs-122220.pdf plain text: afs-122220.txt item: #41 of 2310 id: afs-125326 author: Lehtilä, Anniina; Sairanen, Auvo; Jaakkola, Seija; Kokkonen, Tuomo; Kuoppala, Kaisa; Jokiniemi, Tapani; Wasonga, Daniel; Mäkelä, Pirjo; Lehtilä, Anniina title: Response of forage maize yield and quality to mulch film and harvest time in Northern Europe date: 2023 words: 9262 flesch: 64 summary: The use of mulch film has been shown to increase forage maize DM yield and starch content in Western Europe (van der Werf 1993, Easson and Fearnehough 2000, Keane et al. 2003, Farrell and Gilliland 2011). Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 22–35 32 Mulch film can be used to increase forage maize DM yield, although the use of oxo-(bio)degradable films, such as the mulch film used in this study, became banned in the European Union (EU) countries starting from 2021 (Directive (EU) 2019/904). keywords: content; dm yield; ear; et al; finland; forage; harvest; harvest time; helsinki; maaninka; maize; mulch; mulch film; starch; time; yield cache: afs-125326.pdf plain text: afs-125326.txt item: #42 of 2310 id: afs-125385 author: Huttunen, Inese; Huttunen, Markus; Salo, Tapio; Mattila, Pasi; Maanavilja, Liisa; Silfver, Tarja; Huttunen, Inese title: National-scale nitrogen loading from the Finnish agricultural fields has decreased since the 1990s date: 2023 words: 9330 flesch: 53 summary: Mann-Kendall trend tests for simulated agricultural TN loading for different Baltic Sea sub-basins, mean annual leached N fraction and the runoff for mineral fertilizers, and the total N input to soil. Effects of differentiated applications of fertilizer N on leaching losses and distribution of inorganic N in the soil. keywords: a-1; agricultural; atnl; catchments; data; denitrification; fertilizer; field; finland; finnish; icecream; input; leaching; loading; manure; mineral; model; scale; soil; total cache: afs-125385.pdf plain text: afs-125385.txt item: #43 of 2310 id: afs-125767 author: Alakukku, Laura; Virkajärvi, Perttu; Kykkänen, Sanna; Pietola, Liisa; Alakukku, Laura title: Root growth dynamics and biomass input of four over-wintering herbaceous crops in boreal conditions date: 2024 words: 9466 flesch: 61 summary: Kätterer et al. (1993) reported that 30% of winter cereal root biomass was located below the depth of 25 cm. At anthesis, root biomass and morphological parameters were measured by destructive soil sampling and image analysis of washed roots. keywords: biomass; carbon; cereals; clover; crops; depth; doy; et al; growth; layer; red; root; root biomass; soil; spring; timothy; wheat; winter cache: afs-125767.pdf plain text: afs-125767.txt item: #44 of 2310 id: afs-127253 author: Sairanen, Auvo; Kajava, Sari; Palmio, Annu; Rinne, Marketta; Rinne, Marketta title: Shortened first regrowth interval of grass silage as a harvesting strategy to improve nutrient supply for dairy cows: a case study date: 2023 words: 7535 flesch: 60 summary: Different harvesting strategies and cultivar mixtures for grass silage production in Finland. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 94–103 94 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.127253 Shortened first regrowth interval of grass silage as a harvesting strategy to improve nutrient supply for dairy cows: a case study Auvo Sairanen1, Sari Kajava1, Annu Palmio1 and Marketta Rinne2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: auvo.sairanen@luke.fi Dairy cows have a highly valuable ability to convert grass into milk. keywords: cows; exp; grass; harvest; intake; kg-1; milk; production; regrowth; silage; yield cache: afs-127253.pdf plain text: afs-127253.txt item: #45 of 2310 id: afs-127935 author: Hellton, Kristoffer H.; Amdahl, Helga; Thorarinsdottir, Thordis; Alsheikh, Muath; Aamlid, Trygve; Jørgensen, Marit; Dalmannsdottir, Sigiridur; Rognli, Odd Arne; Hellton, Kristoffer H. title: Yield predictions of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in Norway under future climate scenarios date: 2023 words: 8934 flesch: 56 summary: Several simulation or process-based models have been developed to predict timothy yield (Korhonen et al. 2018), simulating in detail the distinct phases of crop growth and development. In this study, we built a statistical prediction model for timothy yield based on agro-climatic predictors, in particular temperature and precipitation, using data available from Norwegian variety testing of timothy. keywords: climate; data; days; dmy; gdd; july; locations; model; norway; precipitation; predictors; table; temperature; timothy; year; yield cache: afs-127935.pdf plain text: afs-127935.txt item: #46 of 2310 id: afs-128680 author: Blix Germundsson, Lisa; Ljung, Magnus; Blix Germundsson, Lisa title: Collective agency as a leverage point in multi-actor innovation: Two case studies from Swedish horticulture date: 2023 words: 8474 flesch: 54 summary: Results This section presents the two case studies of multi-actor innovation collaboration. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 166–178 166 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.128680 Collective agency as a leverage point in multi-actor innovation: Two case studies from Swedish horticulture Lisa Blix Germundsson1and Magnus Ljung2 1Department of People and Society, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden 2Department of People and Society, National Competence Centre for Advisory Services, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, 532 31 Skara, Sweden e-mail: lisa.germundsson@slu.se keywords: actors; agency; agricultural; case; farmers; firms; ideas; innovation; knowledge; learning; leverage; new; points; project; researchers cache: afs-128680.pdf plain text: afs-128680.txt item: #47 of 2310 id: afs-130009 author: Salonen, Jukka; Jalli, Heikki; Muotila, Anne; Niemi, Mari; Ojanen, Hannu; Ruuttunen, Pentti; Hyvönen, Terho; Salonen, Jukka title: Fifth survey on weed flora in spring cereals in Finland date: 2023 words: 9296 flesch: 64 summary: The frequency of occurrence over studied fields (hereafter ‘frequency’) refers to the proportion of fields where a species was found indicating distribution of weed species. Frequency of weed species The occurrence of the 40 most frequent weed species in the small 0.1 m2 sample quadrats is presented by region (Tables 3 and 5) and the remaining species observed from the larger 1.0 m2 quadrats are listed by region (Appendix). keywords: biomass; diversity; fields; production; repens; salonen; species; spring; survey; systems; total; weed cache: afs-130009.pdf plain text: afs-130009.txt item: #48 of 2310 id: afs-130086 author: Maljanen, Marja Elisa; Marttila, Emilia; Bhattarai, Hem Raj; Maljanen, Marja Elisa title: Greenhouse gas and reactive N-gas emissions from a horse paddock – relationship to physicochemical properties of soil date: 2023 words: 7205 flesch: 59 summary: Soil respiration (CO2 emission) was highest in horse paddock soil and decreased from May to July. Discussion Based on the results, we can say that horse paddock soils can be significant but local sources for the studied gases. keywords: ch4; emissions; et al; gas; hono; horse; july; n2o; paddock; samples; sampling; soil cache: afs-130086.pdf plain text: afs-130086.txt item: #49 of 2310 id: afs-130131 author: Doniec, Joanna; Pierzchalska, Małgorzata; Mickowska, Barbara; Grabacka, Maja; Grabacka, Maja title: The in vitro digestates from Brussels sprouts processed with various hydrothermal treatments affect the intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, mitochondrial polarization and glutathione level date: 2023 words: 7720 flesch: 45 summary: Cysteine and methionine contents were the highest in the digestates from raw Brussels sprouts, which corresponds with high GSH levels in HepG2 cells (Fig. 3 B). The in vitro digestates from raw Brussels sprouts had stronger positive effect on the enterocyte marker enzymes in the Caco-2 cultures as compared to the digestates from the hydrothermally processed vegetables (boiled, steamed and sous- vide). keywords: activity; amino; brussels; brussels sprouts; caco-2; cells; digestates; fig; food; gsh; hydrothermal; processing; raw; sous; sprouts; usa; vegetables; vide cache: afs-130131.pdf plain text: afs-130131.txt item: #50 of 2310 id: afs-130323 author: Aykın Dinçer, Elif; Erbaş, Mustafa; Aykın Dinçer, Elif title: A Quality assessment of cold dried chicken slices during storage in different packages and temperatures: The storage of cold dried chicken slices date: 2023 words: 7658 flesch: 61 summary: 6.57a ± 0.30 Significance NS ** ** ** Time (day, n=4) 0 10.62e ± 0.40 10.69f ± 0.79 4.88c ± 0.14 5.03f ± 0.14 15 16.31d ± 0.64 48.68e ± 2.79 4.72c ± 0.09 5.22f ± 0.10 30 19.75c ± 1.34 57.38d ± 8.49 5.19b ± 0.49 5.48e ± 0.50 45 20.22c ± 0.68 65.75c ± 3.04 4.89c ± 0.07 7.48a ± 0.47 60 30.96b ± 1.59 69.82b ± 2.55 5.61a ± 0.49 5.71d ± 0.30 75 35.29a ± 2.79 70.74b ± 4.49 5.69a ± 0.32 6.70c ± 0.21 90 37.32a ± 1.49 76.93a ± 2.16 5.33b ± 0.08 7.00b ± 0.36 Significance ** ** ** ** MAP = Modified atmosphere packaging; AP = Atmospheric packaging. 0.910a ± 0.001 0.903a ± 0.010 6.10 ± 0.04 6.09e ± 0.03 15 0.906a ± 0.002 0.893a ± 0.004 6.07 ± 0.04 6.09e ± 0.03 30 0.906a ± 0.004 0.850b ± 0.027 6.08 ± 0.02 6.18d ± 0.02 45 0.901ab ± 0.005 0.840b ± 0.023 6.11 ± 0.02 keywords: chicken; map; meat; packaging; samples; slices; storage; temperature; type; value cache: afs-130323.pdf plain text: afs-130323.txt item: #51 of 2310 id: afs-130404 author: Nissinen, Anne; Latvala, Satu; Lindqvist, Isa; Parikka, Päivi; Kumpula, Raija; Rikala, Kati; Blande, James; Nissinen, Anne title: First observations of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) suggest that it is a transient species in Finland date: 2023 words: 5571 flesch: 62 summary: Tun- nel entries and a killing agent uncover the importance of fly retention in Drosophila suzukii traps. Identification of D. suzukii specimens was confirmed with PCR and sequencing of the COI region, and four SWD haplotypes were found. keywords: berries; drosophila; et al; farm; field; finland; pest; samples; suzukii; swd; traps cache: afs-130404.pdf plain text: afs-130404.txt item: #52 of 2310 id: afs-130983 author: Olsson Nyström, Åsa; Blomquist, Jens; Persson, Lars; Gunnarsson, Anita; Berglund, Kerstin; Olsson Nyström, Åsa title: Long-term effects of liming on crop yield, plant diseases, soil structure and risk of phosphorus leaching date: 2023 words: 10585 flesch: 63 summary: Key words: structure lime, ground limestone, aggregate stability, phosphorus, sugar beet, soil-borne disease Introduction Liming has multiple effects on soil, influencing e.g. soil structure, plant nutrition and soil-borne diseases (Holland et al. 2018). Soil structure 1.5–2 years after liming, crop yield and plant nutrition in barley under four different fertilisation strategies in the 13 trials have been reported in an earlier paper by Gunnarsson et al. (2022). keywords: beet; lime; liming; ns p; soil; structure; sugar; treatment; trials; yield cache: afs-130983.pdf plain text: afs-130983.txt item: #53 of 2310 id: afs-131550 author: Yli-Halla, Markku; Taskinen, Antti; Ekholm, Petri; Yli-Halla, Markku title: Gypsum amendment influences soil and plant chemical composition temporarily date: 2023 words: 8893 flesch: 64 summary: There were bigger differences in soil P concentration between the years in fields that had a high soil test P level, Agricultural and Food Science (2023) 32: 195–206 201 usually associated with a larger difference between the two replicates. Soil concentrations of Mg did not decrease upon gypsum application, suggesting no major leaching of Mg as a response to the amendment. keywords: application; clay; coarse; concentration; fields; finland; gypsum; gypsum application; mineral; plant; soil; table cache: afs-131550.pdf plain text: afs-131550.txt item: #54 of 2310 id: afs-131638 author: Mäkinen, Joonas; Himanen, Sari; Kivijärvi, Pirjo; Saussure, Stéphanie; Kaseva, Janne; Blande, James; Mäkinen, Joonas title: Can strip cropping reduce pest activity density and damage while increasing yield? A case study of organic cabbage and faba bean date: 2023 words: 10284 flesch: 59 summary: In our study we used different cultivars to those used in the study by Shanmugam et al. (2022), our field design used crop strips instead of rows, and the geographical locations were different. Treatment (cabbage (CB), faba bean (FB), and strip crop (SC), year (2018 and 2019) and timepoint (T1, T2 and T3), and all their interactions were used as fixed effects. keywords: activity; average; bean; cabbage; crop; cropping; damage; density; faba; faba bean; monocrop; pest; phyllotreta; plot; spp; strip; strip cropping; study; xylostella; yield cache: afs-131638.pdf plain text: afs-131638.txt item: #55 of 2310 id: afs-131722 author: Mousavi, Hesam; Cottis, Thomas; Solberg, Svein Øivind; Mousavi, Hesam title: Nitrogen Enriched Organic fertilizer (NEO) elevates nitrification rates shortly after application but has no lasting effect on nitrification in agricultural soils date: 2023 words: 9520 flesch: 48 summary: In this study, we investigated the impact of NEO derived from cattle slurry and biogas digestate on soil nitrification, which involves the conversion of NH4 + to NO2 - and NO3 - by aerobic autotrophic bacteria and archaea. Consequently, NEO indicates its potential as an environmentally benign fertilizer without adversely affecting soil nitrification. keywords: cereal; et al; fertilization; fertilizer; field; field soil; g-1; grass; lab; neo; nitrification; nitrogen; potential; rates; raw; slurries; slurry; soil; soil nitrification cache: afs-131722.pdf plain text: afs-131722.txt item: #56 of 2310 id: afs-135986 author: Rybacki, Piotr; Sawinska, Zuzanna; Kačániová, Miroslava; Kowalczewski, Przemysław Ł.; Osuch, Andrzej; Durczak, Karol; Rybacki, Piotr title: Convolutional neural network model for the qualitative evaluation of geometric shape of carrot root date: 2024 words: 8513 flesch: 51 summary: Considering the file number (carrot root image), the example algorithm automatically sorted them in terms of diameter and length and copied them to the appropriate catalogue, from which they were subsequently collected by the CNN model algorithm. Balanced accuracy ensures that all classes contribute equally to the overall accuracy calcu- lation, even if the number of carrot roots images in the classes is unequal. keywords: accuracy; analysis; carrot; carrot root; class; classification; cnn; data; diameter; et al; food; image; learning; model; number; photographs; quality; root; shape cache: afs-135986.pdf plain text: afs-135986.txt item: #57 of 2310 id: afs-136008 author: Axelsson, Louise; Arvidsson – Segerkvist, Katarina; Pálsdóttir, Anna María; Ljung, Magnus; Axelsson, Louise title: The meaning of animal well-being for farmers and dairy farm employees date: 2024 words: 7239 flesch: 49 summary: This is because increased employee job satisfaction contributes to the functioning of the employee group and, thus, to the farmer’s sense of peace at work. A working environment characterised by openness and consideration promotes employee communication, although practical conditions are also required for effective communication. keywords: animal; change; communication; dairy; employees; farmers; farms; importance; job; milk; production; satisfaction; work cache: afs-136008.pdf plain text: afs-136008.txt item: #58 of 2310 id: afs-137136 author: Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia; Manni, Katariina; Huuskonen, Arto; Rinne, Marketta title: Evaluating the effects of wilting, mixing with timothy and silage additive application on red clover silage quality date: 2023 words: 8456 flesch: 57 summary: Low DM silages were poorly preserved with high pH, elevated acetic acid concentrations and proportions of ammo- nia-N in total N, as well as depleted water soluble carbohydrate levels. It is well established that LAB inoculants are not suitable for low DM silages, and most commercial brands recom- mend their use for biomass with a DM content above 250–300 g kg-1 DM. keywords: acid; additive; clover; con; et al; fermentation; grass; low; quality; red; red clover; rinne; science; silage; timothy cache: afs-137136.pdf plain text: afs-137136.txt item: #59 of 2310 id: afs-137608 author: Hansen, Kristian; Koesling, Matthias; Steinshamn, Håvard; Hansen, Bjørn Gunnar; Dalgaard, Tomm; Hansen, Sissel; Hansen, Kristian title: A Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nitrogen Intensity, Gross Margin, and Land Use Occupation between Comparable Conventional and Organic Managed Dairy Farms date: 2024 words: 11197 flesch: 53 summary: Differences in soil carbon contents and carbon sequestration between organically and conventionally managed farms are not factored into total farm emissions in FARMnor, assuming that soil carbon is stable for dairy farms in this region. Furthermore, conventionally managed farms showed lower gross margins both in terms of NOK per 2.78 MJ edible energy delivered (5.8 vs 6.5 NOK) and per milking cow unit (30 100 vs 34 400 NOK), and they used less land (2.9 vs 3.6 m² per 2.78 MJ edible energy delivered) compared to organic farms. keywords: dairy; dairy farms; emissions; energy; et al; farms; ghg; groups; land; margin; matching; mean; meat; milk; nitrogen; production; study; use cache: afs-137608.pdf plain text: afs-137608.txt item: #60 of 2310 id: afs-137721 author: Tommila, Tero; Palonen, Pauliina; Tommila, Tero title: The effect of relative humidity and the use of algae-based biostimulants on fruit set, yield and fruit size of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) date: 2024 words: 8782 flesch: 62 summary: There was also a sta- tistically non-significant trend towards higher fruit weight in lower RH. As for Hypothesis 4, an increase in arctic bramble fruit weight was observed when the plants were treated with Kriss in a greenhouse, and with the series of nine repeated treatments of both Kriss and Alginamin in a high tunnel. keywords: arctic; bramble; drupelets; exp; fruit; fruit set; fruit weight; n.s; number; set; spoilage; treatments; yield cache: afs-137721.pdf plain text: afs-137721.txt item: #61 of 2310 id: afs-137722 author: Guraya, María Angeles; Andrín, María Nieves; Batres, Rocío; Torresi , Pablo Antonio; Reinheimer, Maria Agustina; Godoy, Ezequiel; Guraya, María Angeles title: Protein recovery from yellow peas (Pisum sativum L.) for enhanced processing sustainability and functional properties date: 2024 words: 10268 flesch: 46 summary: (10) Protein profiles by SDS-PAGE Protein fractions of pea protein products were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis. As many authors reported for pea protein products (Shand et al. 2007, Adebiyi and Aluko 2011, Ladjal-Ettoumi 2015), the alkaline-soluble proteins (i.e. the ones recovered through the pH-shifting process) exhibit a typical bell-shaped curve, with a minimum solubility index around the isoelectric point (4.5–5.0) and maximum values under alkaline (pH 8) and very acidic (pH 2) conditions. keywords: acid; bacteria; capacity; content; et al; extraction; food; hcl; pea; pea protein; peas; process; properties; protein; protein products; protein recovery; value; water cache: afs-137722.pdf plain text: afs-137722.txt item: #62 of 2310 id: afs-137790 author: Tienhaara, Annika; Niemi, Jyrki; Vainio, Annukka; Pouta, Eija; Pouta, Eija title: The future of agriculture and agricultural policy: perceptions of non-farmers and farmers: Future images date: 2024 words: 9225 flesch: 46 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2024) 33: 1–14 1 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.137790 The future of agriculture and agricultural policy: perceptions of non-farmers and farmers Tienhaara Annika1, Niemi Jyrki1, Vainio Annukka2 and Pouta Eija1 1Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland 2University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00790 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: annika.tienhaara@luke.fi We examined the views of Finnish non-farmers and farmers on the desirable future developments of agriculture and agricultural policy using principal component and cluster analysis by focusing on three key themes: the structure of agricultural production, agri-environmental issues, and the funding of agriculture. A significant number of respondents supported the idea that climate and other environmental issues should be better considered in agricultural policy. keywords: agriculture; citizens; cluster; et al; farmers; farming; food; future; non; perceptions; policy; preferences; production; respondents; support cache: afs-137790.pdf plain text: afs-137790.txt item: #63 of 2310 id: afs-142012 author: Kinnula, Sari; Kanerva, Sanna; Soinne, Helena; Toivonen, Marjaana; Joona, Juuso; Tuulos, Antti; Parviainen, Tuure; Kinnunen, Ossi; Kivelä, Jukka; Kinnula, Sari title: Pulp mill sludges as a solution for reducing the risk of mineral nitrogen leaching from agriculture date: 2024 words: 11293 flesch: 59 summary: Besides N leaching, PMS additions have been shown to increase soil organic C content (Phillips et al. 1997, Rantala et al. 1999, Zibilske et al. 2000, Foley and Cooperband 2002, Chow et al. 2003). Relationships between soil organic matter content and soil erosion severity in Albeluvisols of the Zemaiciai Uplands. keywords: concentration; cpms; experiment; fertiliser; incubation; lpms; mill; mineral; no3; no3 --n; pmss; pulp; sludge; soil; soil no3; spring; treatment cache: afs-142012.pdf plain text: afs-142012.txt item: #64 of 2310 id: afs-142601 author: Yigit, Furkan; Rantamäki-Lahtinen, Leena; Sipiläinen, Timo; Yigit, Furkan title: What Causes Finnish Family Farmers Feel Successful? The Role of Resources and Entrepreneurial Characteristics date: 2024 words: 9295 flesch: 44 summary: Family farm resources are mostly evaluated by farmers at the same level as their competitors. ‘Family resources’ reflecting resources uniquely to family farms are subjected to has effect on perceived success. keywords: business; entrepreneurship; family; family business; family farmers; farmers; farms; journal; management; orientation; research; resources; skills; study; success; variables cache: afs-142601.pdf plain text: afs-142601.txt item: #65 of 2310 id: afs-142929 author: Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia; Kuoppala, Kaisa; Jalava, Taina; Stefanski, Tomasz; Kokkonen, Tuomo; Rinne, Marketta title: Effects of harvest date and additives on maize silage quality under boreal conditions date: 2024 words: 8091 flesch: 55 summary: The average outdoor temperatures in Finland for October, November, December, January, February, March and April are 2.9. –2.1, –5.6, –8.3, –8.5, –4.4 and 1.4 °C (average for years 1990–2020, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland), respectively, so that it might be needed to evaluate the effects of low temperatures on maize silage fermentation. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2024) 33: 127–138 127 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.142929 Effects of harvest date and additives on maize silage quality under boreal conditions Marketta Rinne1, Marcia Franco1, Kaisa Kuoppala1, Taina Jalava1, Tomasz Stefański1 and Tuomo Kokkonen2 1Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland 2University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Helsinki, Finland e-mail: marketta.rinne@luke.fi keywords: acid; additives; concentration; conditions; et al; fermentation; finland; harvest; kg-1; maize; maize silage; quality; rinne; silage; stability; starch cache: afs-142929.pdf plain text: afs-142929.txt item: #66 of 2310 id: afs-143565 author: Engström, Lena; Delin, Sofia; Wetterlind, Johanna; Jonsson, Anders; Syed Rehmat Ullah, Shah; Engström, Lena title: Optimum N-rate and effect of split N fertilization timing on yield and quality in spring oat varieties date: 2024 words: 7577 flesch: 59 summary: Belinda had higher yield and N yield than the other varieties. The results showed that a second application of N to oats can be performed at GS32, GS45, or GS55 without significantly affecting grain yield, but that earlier application may be more consistent in producing high yield (Table 1). keywords: application; content; grain; ha-1; optn; protein; split; varieties; yield cache: afs-143565.pdf plain text: afs-143565.txt item: #67 of 2310 id: afs-143577 author: Ollikainen, Markku; Lötjönen, Sanna; Tikkanen, Tommi; Ala-Harja, Venla; Uusitalo, Risto; Ekholm, Petri; Ollikainen, Markku title: Gypsum and structure lime amendments in boreal agricultural clay soils: Do climate emissions compromise water quality benefits? date: 2024 words: 17245 flesch: 60 summary: Agricultural and Food Science (2024) 33: 90–115 94 Overall, experimental periods have been too short to provide a concise estimate of the duration of the impact of structure lime amendment and the application rate (Norberg and Aronsson 2022). The Finnish studies on structure lime amendments are of more recent origin and largely not yet published in scientific journals. keywords: amendments; benefits; cost; drp; effectiveness; emissions; et al; finnish; ghg; ghg emissions; gypsum; ha-1; kgco2e; loading; materials; phosphorus; reduction; soil; soil amendments; soil p; structure lime; table; use; water; year cache: afs-143577.pdf plain text: afs-143577.txt item: #68 of 2310 id: afs-143844 author: Rätsep, Reelika; Maante-Kuljus, Mariana; Karp, Kadri; Kaldmäe, Hedi; Põldma, Priit; Koort, Angela; Mainla, Leila; Moor, Ulvi; Rätsep, Reelika title: Polyphenol composition and antioxidant activity of wine raw materials and pomace from hybrid grapes, aronia, and Japanese quince date: 2024 words: 6343 flesch: 56 summary: Antioxidant activity The AA varied across the experimental years, being 631 and 584 mg AAE 100 g-1 for aronia fruits, 342 and 282 mg AAE 100 g-1 for Japanese quince fruits, with significantly lower AA observed in 2022 (Fig. 5). Similarly, the content of epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and procyanidin C1 in Japanese quince pomace was significantly re- duced compared to the fruit. keywords: activity; antioxidant; aronia; content; fruits; g-1; grape; japanese; polyphenols; pomace; quince; wine cache: afs-143844.pdf plain text: afs-143844.txt item: #69 of 2310 id: afs-144532 author: Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi; Koivisto, Anu; Liski, Eero; Jaakkonen, Anna-Kaisa; Mattila, Tiina; Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi title: Time trends of field vegetable yields and yield gaps in northern latitudes using a Bayesian approach date: 2024 words: 7253 flesch: 56 summary: The concept of yield gap is commonly used in studies dealing with food security, biodiversity, land use, and climate change (see Rattalino Edreira et al. 2021). Yield gap is defined as the difference between the potential and actual yield (van Ittersum and Rabbinge 1997, van Ittersum et al. 2013). keywords: cabbage; carrot; data; farms; finland; gap; onion; production; regions; time; trends; white; yield; yield gap cache: afs-144532.pdf plain text: afs-144532.txt item: #70 of 2310 id: afs-144578 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju; Manni, Katariina; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi title: Intake, gain and carcass traits of Hereford and Simmental bulls offered total mixed rations based on red clover and whole-crop barley silages date: 2024 words: 8564 flesch: 60 summary: The relative intake potential of silage DM (SDMI index) was calculated as described by Huhtanen et al. (2007). In a meta-analysis of dairy cow feeding experiments the maximum silage DM intake (DMI) was obtained when the proportion of the whole crop silage was 0.48 of total silage DM (Huhtanen et. keywords: barley; breed; bulls; carcass; clover; et al; feeding; growth; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage cache: afs-144578.pdf plain text: afs-144578.txt item: #71 of 2310 id: afs-144747 author: Rämö, Janne; Tzemi, Domna; Lehtonen, Heikki; Palosuo, Taru; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Rämö, Janne title: Improving a dynamic farm level model by coupling empirically estimated pre-crop values with crop rotation optimization date: 2024 words: 8267 flesch: 58 summary: Parameters of the input use effects on crop yields are based on empirical estimations. Ac- counting for the effects of crop rotation on crop yields, simultaneously with input use effects, is an important economic issue at the farm level. keywords: barley; constraints; crop; effects; et al; farm; land; lehtonen; model; pre; purola; rotation; use; values; wheat; yield cache: afs-144747.pdf plain text: afs-144747.txt item: #72 of 2310 id: afs-145198 author: Shaat, Ihab Mostafa; Alhamadani , Alaa; Al-Shargi, Khafan; Al-Habsi , Rashid; Al-Sedeiri , Talal; Al Naabi, Asila; Maki-Tanila, Asko; Shaat, Ihab Mostafa title: Statistical modelling of growth curve for longitudinal data on a feeding trial in goat breeds  date: 2024 words: 7075 flesch: 59 summary: Software The actual mixed model analyses were performed with publicly available R software (R Core Team 2021) using gls procedure for fixed effect model with both ML and REML, lme procedure of the nlme package (https://cran.r-pro- ject.org/web/packages/nlme/nlme.pdf) for mixed models with REML. The fixed effect cubic regres- sion with linear random effect model fitted into the data. keywords: age; breed; concentrate; curve; effect; feeding; goats; growth; kids; level; model; weaning; weight cache: afs-145198.pdf plain text: afs-145198.txt item: #73 of 2310 id: afs-145290 author: Guraya, María Angeles; Iguti, Antonia Miwa; Triboli , Edison Paulo De Ros; Ribeiro, Eliana Paula; Accoroni, Cecilia; Espósito, María Andrea; Torresi, Pablo Antonio; Reinheimer, María Agustina; Godoy, Ezequiel; Guraya, María Angeles title: Effects of Spray Drying and Lactic Acid Fermentation on the Technological Characteristics of Yellow and Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Protein Products date: 2024 words: 10530 flesch: 49 summary: Nonetheless, in contrast to animal proteins, pea proteins typically exhibit a diminished biological value owing to their reduced content of sulfur-containing amino acids. Pea protein presents several advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, hypoallergenic properties, and positive consumer percep- tion (Lam et al. 2018). keywords: 2020; acid; agent; content; density; drying; encapsulant; et al; extraction; fine; food; green; pea; pea protein; peas; properties; protein; protein content; protein products; spray; values; water cache: afs-145290.pdf plain text: afs-145290.txt item: #74 of 2310 id: afs-145308 author: Rybarczyk, Artur; Haraf, Gabriela; Tokarczyk, Grzegorz; Teleszko, Mirosława; Tobolska, Izabella; Bienkiewicz, Grzegorz; Rybarczyk, Artur title: Effect of distillers yeast in feed on texture, fatty acid profile and antioxidant properties of breast muscle of broiler chickens: Effect of yeast on composition and meat quality of broiler chicken date: 2024 words: 8216 flesch: 55 summary: In comparison, high doses of DDGS (5–25%) in broiler chicken feed resulted in a significant increase in MDA content in breast muscle at 20% DDGS addition (Min et al. 2012). A, B = p ≤ 0.01; a, b and x, y = p ≤ 0.05; means in columns and rows and denoted using different letters differ statistically significantly; SEM = standard error of the mean A. Rybarczyk et al. 148 proportion of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in the feed from 5 to 25% affected the fatty acid profile of broiler chicken breasts and thighs by increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, a finding confirmed by Corzo et al. (2009). keywords: acid; addition; breast; broiler; broiler chickens; chickens; diet; distillers yeast; et al; fatty; feed; group; muscles; yeast cache: afs-145308.pdf plain text: afs-145308.txt item: #75 of 2310 id: afs-145477 author: Domínguez Carrasco, María D. R.; Salo, Tapio; Keskinen, Riikka; Suomi, Johanna; Suomi, Johanna title: Comparison of the effects of bio-based and mineral fertiliser use on heavy metals dietary exposure in six European countries date: 2025 words: 8799 flesch: 56 summary: Sch (re- sults in Table 3s) was further multiplied by current HM occurrence and dietary exposure data to estimate changes in content and foodborne exposure respectively in LexCountry´s crops and population. Calculation of HM content change factor induced by fertilisers use To assess the effects of BBFs on the crop HM content and further on current dietary exposure, we conducted 100- year mass balance modelling for several crops in conditions of Spain, Denmark, Hungary, Finland, Germany and France (Salo et al. 2025). keywords: adults; bbfs; content; crops; data; dietary; efsa; exposure; finnish; food; occurrence; table cache: afs-145477.pdf plain text: afs-145477.txt item: #76 of 2310 id: afs-145642 author: Kiiski, Eveliina; Hyytiäinen, Kari; Kiiaki, Eveliina title: Trade-offs between carbon conservation and profitability in crop cultivation: unlocking potential through diversifying crop allocations regionally date: 2024 words: 8031 flesch: 51 summary: Key words: diversifying crop production, crop rotations, linear programming, optimization, regional analysis Introduction Yield-related uncertainties of farming are expected to increase due to climate change (Rötter et al. 2012). Careful planning of crop rotations can create multiple benefits including improved soil fertility (Volsi et al. 2022), fewer yield related risks (Angus et al. 2015) and reduced fertilizer usage (Rodriguez et al. 2021). keywords: 2020; allocation; balance; carbon; climate; crop; emissions; finland; grass; ha-1; manure; nitrogen; profit; rotations; soil; spring; yield; yr-1 cache: afs-145642.pdf plain text: afs-145642.txt item: #77 of 2310 id: afs-146579 author: Iivonen, Sari; Niemeläinen, Oiva; Kokkinen, Mirva; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Iivonen, Sari title: Yield variation and yield potential of organic arable crops in Finland derived from statistical data date: 2024 words: 7082 flesch: 53 summary: The second aim was to compare organic yields with conventional ones in different regions and to analyse underlying factors that explained the variation in organic crop yields in Finland. When comparing median yields per ha, organic yields were on average 65% of conventional yields. keywords: average; cereals; conditions; crops; farming; farms; finland; potential; production; silage; systems; variation; yield cache: afs-146579.pdf plain text: afs-146579.txt item: #78 of 2310 id: afs-146766 author: Salo, Tapio; Keskinen, Riikka; del Rosario Dominguez Carrasco, Maria; Suomi, Johanna; Ylivainio, Kari; Salo, Tapio title: Substituting fossil-based mineral fertilizers with bio-based products – impacts on potentially toxic elements in soil and crops date: 2025 words: 8759 flesch: 58 summary: In agreement with the current results, Sterckeman et al. (2018) found crop rotations to have less influence on the Cd balance than fertilizer Cd content. Effects of fertilizer use on PTE fluxes The estimates of soil PTE contents, atmospheric deposition, and rates of runoff and erosion presented in Table 1 and Supplementary material (Appendix 2) and used in the mass-balance model in assessing the BBF-induced changes in the PTE contents and fluxes, were derived from small and often local datasets and may even contain point values. keywords: balance; bbfh; bbfl; contents; et al; fertilizers; fluxes; ha-1; kg-1; maximum; mineral; mpf; products; pte; ptes; soil cache: afs-146766.pdf plain text: afs-146766.txt item: #79 of 2310 id: afs-146831 author: Börjesson, Thomas; Persson, Kristin; Lindgren, Anders; Börjesson, Thomas title: Spatial dynamics of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in Swedish oats date: 2024 words: 6480 flesch: 60 summary: There was a statistically significant spatial variation structure (Moran’s I; p< 0.05) in two of the years, and high T2+HT2 content was positively related to high content the previous year (p< 0.001). Precipitation showed negative correlations with the prevalence of high T2+HT2 content for many time-windows throughout the season, but when the three years were combined there was no statistically significant correlation. keywords: 2022; content; don; kg-1; levels; oats; samples; sweden; t2+ht2; weather; years cache: afs-146831.pdf plain text: afs-146831.txt item: #80 of 2310 id: afs-146997 author: Hynni, Antti; Käyhkö, Jukka; Kuhmonen, Tuomas; Hynni, Antti title: Factors explaining the differences in the adoption of circular economy measures among farms in Southwest Finland date: 2025 words: 11972 flesch: 47 summary: 12–37 20 The type of farm production significantly affected the change in mineral fertilizer use from 2018 to 2022. Younger farmers and those on organic farms were more open to adjust- ing the amounts. keywords: areas; economy; education; farmers; farming; farms; fertilizers; finland; income; method; production; reference category; regression; survey; use; variables cache: afs-146997.pdf plain text: afs-146997.txt item: #81 of 2310 id: afs-147755 author: Knicky, Martin; Zamaratskaia, Galia; Fogelberg, Fredrik; Knicky, Martin title: Yield and protein composition in seeds of four buckwheat (Fagopyrum sp.) cultivars cropped in Sweden date: 2024 words: 5381 flesch: 60 summary: One-way ANOVA was used to estimate the differences between the cultivars of common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat. Cultivations parameters of four cultivars of common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat in 2021–2022 Parameter Year Tartary Buckwheat LSD** Smuga Panda Kora Darja* Germination, % 2021 97.5 98.8 97.5 97.5 96.3 6.3 2022 93.8 100 100 100 2.0 Plants m-2 2021 192.8 187.5 186.8 188.5 192.8 10.6 2022 192.8 206.5 208.5 203.8 14.2 Days from sowing to seed maturity 2021 110b 104d 108c 93e 151a 1.33 2022 133a 129c 131b 127d 1.0 Moisture, % 2021 30.2a 28.6a 29.6a 29.4a 42.1b 2.0 2022 32.7a keywords: buckwheat; cultivars; et al; food; ha-1; protein; seeds; sweden; tartary; yield cache: afs-147755.pdf plain text: afs-147755.txt item: #82 of 2310 id: afs-147802 author: Pihu, Silvia; Mäe, Andres; Kennedy, Hannah Joy Vivian; Hamouzova, Katerina; Pihu, Silvia title: The first recorded case of herbicide resistance in Estonia: common chickweed (Stellaria media) resistant to sulfonylureas date: 2025 words: 5612 flesch: 48 summary: The first recorded case of herbicide resistance in Estonia: common chickweed (Stellaria media) resistant to sulfonylureas Silvia Pihu1, Andres Mäe1, Hannah Joy Vivian Kennedy1 and Katerina Hamouzova2 1Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge (METK), Estonia 2Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic e-mail: silvia.pihu@metk.agri.ee Herbicide resistance has been insufficiently studied in the Baltic countries. However, herbicide resistance in arable weeds is increasing rapidly worldwide, becoming one of the greatest chal- lenges to crop production and food security (Ziska 2020). keywords: als; biotypes; dose; estonia; herbicide; mechanisms; media; resistance; site; sme14; target; weed cache: afs-147802.pdf plain text: afs-147802.txt item: #83 of 2310 id: afs-148486 author: Heikkinen, Jaakko; Keskinen, Riikka; Ylivainio, Kari; Heikkinen, Jaakko title: Defining critical SOC/clay thresholds for soil health in boreal croplands using satellite-based NDVI proxies for productivity and resilience date: 2025 words: 5201 flesch: 56 summary: They discovered a notable positive linear correlation between the SOC/clay ratio and both grain yield and net nitrogen mineralization specifically in clay soils. In this study, we used the satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a proxy for soil productivity (Moges et al. 2005, Tenreiro et al. 2021). keywords: clay; clay ratio; data; et al; ndvi; nsm; plots; ratio; soc; soil; study cache: afs-148486.pdf plain text: afs-148486.txt item: #84 of 2310 id: afs-149470 author: Krizsan, Sophie Julie; Franco, Marcia; Rinne, Marketta; Ramin, Mohammad; Fatehi, Farhang; Krizsan, Sophie Julie title: In vitro evaluation of agro-industrial by-products in diets for cattle date: 2025 words: 10612 flesch: 55 summary: Many by-products from the agricultural and food industries can be used in dairy cow diets. Further, in vivo production experiments are needed to fully assess the potential of inclusions of in vitro evaluated by-products as widely applicable alternative feeds in beef cattle and dairy cow diets. keywords: barley; dairy; ddg; diets; et al; experiment; kg-1; production; products; protein; sbm; sbp; science; silage; vitro cache: afs-149470.pdf plain text: afs-149470.txt item: #85 of 2310 id: afs-153239 author: Lenartowicz, Tomasz; Bujak, Henryk; Przystalski, Marcin; Nowosad, Kamila; Jończyk, Krzysztof; Feledyn-Szewczyk, Beata; LENARTOWICZ, TOMASZ title: Comparison of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L) varieties grown in organic trials: lodging and plant height date: 2025 words: 6645 flesch: 60 summary: Variety height means, ecovalence stability coefficients (Wj, j = 1, ... , J), values of the simultaneous selection index and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPVG) stability index. Yield reduction due to diseases and lodging and impact of input intensity on yield in variety trials in five cereal crops. keywords: environments; farmer; height; lodging; means; model; plant; stability; study; trials; varieties; variety cache: afs-153239.pdf plain text: afs-153239.txt item: #86 of 2310 id: afs-154813 author: Zamaratskaia, Galia; Mousa, Nariman; Fogelberg, Fredrik; Kravchenko, Oksana; Langton, Maud; Zamaratskaia, Galia title: Textural properties of faba bean-based Camembert analogue date: 2025 words: 5806 flesch: 55 summary: Relationship between instrumental and sensory measurements of cheese texture. TPA offers several advantages in the evaluation of cheese and cheese analogue tex- ture. keywords: analogues; camembert; cheese; coconut; content; dairy; et al; faba; fat; food; oil; plant; texture cache: afs-154813.pdf plain text: afs-154813.txt item: #87 of 2310 id: afs-154949 author: Stenberg, Elin; Olsson, Viktoria; Karlsson, Anders H; Wendin, Karin; Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina; Stenberg, Elin title: Influence of different production systems on the sensory attributes, fatty acid composition and vitamin E concentration in meat from intact male lambs date: 2025 words: 5963 flesch: 51 summary: Meat from lambs reared on semi-natural pasture tended to have stronger hay odour (p= 0.052) and leafy flavour (p= 0.078) than lamb meat from the production systems involving cultivated pasture and indoor feeding. Many different factors from farm to fork, such as breed, feed components, slaughter method and cooking method, affect the eating quality of lamb meat (Sañudo et al. 1998). keywords: acid; composition; concentrate; fatty; flavour; lambs; meat; odour; pasture; vitamin cache: afs-154949.pdf plain text: afs-154949.txt item: #88 of 2310 id: afs-155733 author: Derejko, Adriana; Studnicki, Marcin; Wójcik-Gront, Elzbieta; DEREJKO, ADRIANA title: Impact of genotype-environment interactions on wheat yield and quality: Evidence from multilocation trials date: 2025 words: 6350 flesch: 46 summary: Genotype × environment interaction and genetic gain for grain yield and grain quality traits in Turkish spring wheat released between 1964 and 2010. Analysis of ge- netic control and QTL mapping of essential wheat grain quality traits in a recombinant inbred population. keywords: content; cultivars; environment; food; genotype; gpc; grain; protein; quality; science; wheat; yield cache: afs-155733.pdf plain text: afs-155733.txt item: #89 of 2310 id: afs-156426 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Katariina, Manni; Huhtanen, Pekka; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi title: Modelling effects of different milk production intensities on methane production and nitrogen excretion when targeted amounts of milk and beef are produced date: 2025 words: 8109 flesch: 59 summary: It should also be noted that the effects of forage-based systems on the soil C stock are more permanent than the effects of increased milk production on CH4 that is biogenic recyclable C (Liu et al. 2021). Environmental life cycle assessment of Finnish beef - cradle-to-farm gate analysis of dairy and beef breed beef production. keywords: beef; beef production; ch4; ch4 production; cows; dairy; emissions; milk; milk production; production; total; year-1; yield cache: afs-156426.pdf plain text: afs-156426.txt item: #90 of 2310 id: afs-156983 author: Franco, Marcia; Manni, Katariina; Huuskonen, Arto; Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia title: Management factors affecting preservation quality of grass silage: laboratory evaluation and on-farm case study date: 2025 words: 7689 flesch: 48 summary: The use of chemical additives and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants has been widely studied to improve silage fermentation quality and preservation (Wilkinson and Rinne 2018). Salt-based additives have typically had minimal effects of silage fermentation quality (Franco et al. 2022a, 2022b, Franco and Rinne 2023), but in the current experiment, SA increased acetic acid concentration compared to control. keywords: acid; additive; compaction; farm; fermentation; grass; kg-1; laboratory; quality; silage; silo; stability; temperature cache: afs-156983.pdf plain text: afs-156983.txt item: #91 of 2310 id: afs-157520 author: Hautsalo, Juho; Jalli, Marja; Heinonen, Ulla; Latvala, Satu; Hautsalo, Juho title: Pathogenicity of different Fusarium species on six arable crop species in Finland date: 2025 words: 8584 flesch: 60 summary: Two separate greenhouse experiments were also conducted to compare the impact of different Fusarium species and to assess variation in pathogenicity within Fusarium species on the same crops. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14070574 Hautsalo.pdf Pathogenicity of different Fusarium species on six arable cropspecies in Finland Introduction Material and methods Plant seed material Field experiments and sampling Identification of Fusarium species from field samples Fusarium isolates used in greenhouse experiments Statistical analysis Results Fusarium species associated with root and stem symptoms in the field Comparison of Fusarium species based on growth in vitro, and plant germination andsymptom development in greenhouse Comparison of isolate aggressiveness Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References keywords: avenaceum; bean; crop; culmorum; faba; field; fusarium; fusarium species; germination; hemp; isolates; maize; pea; plant; seeds; species; symptoms; wheat cache: afs-157520.pdf plain text: afs-157520.txt item: #92 of 2310 id: afs-159817 author: Sobkowicz, Piotr; Tendziagolska, Ewa; Cwanek, Grzegorz; Dróżdż, Bartłomiej; Gisman, Joanna; Hawryluk, Aneta; Sobkowicz, Piotr title: Timing and intensity of weed harrowing in spring barley date: 2025 words: 8616 flesch: 62 summary: Key words: mechanical weed control, spring-tine harrow, seeding rate, herbicide application, weed density, barley density Introduction There is a growing need for replacing the chemical method of weed control with more environmentally friendly alternatives that can be used by farmers. The advantage of chemical weeding over weed harrowing does not always translates into an increase in crop yield, in particular when weed density is low and their competition with the crop is not intense (Garcia-Martin et al. 2007, Pardo et al. 2008, Lacroix at al. 2025). keywords: barley; control; crop; density; et al; grain; harrow; leaf; plants; soil; spring; stage; weed; yield cache: afs-159817.pdf plain text: afs-159817.txt item: #93 of 2310 id: afs-159890 author: Heinola, Katriina; Kaseva, Janne; Latvala, Terhi; Niemi, Jarkko Kristian; Heinola, Katriina title: Citizens’ attitudes, concern and familiarity with animal production explaining the purchase intention for animal-welfare-labeled pork date: 2025 words: 11244 flesch: 47 summary: In the context of consuming high animal welfare (high AW) products, self-identity relates to the extent to which an indi- vidual perceives themselves as someone who engages in actions that promote animal welfare (Holt et al. 2018). This behavior highlights the role of ethics in consumption, especially regarding animal welfare products, thus providing a deeper understanding of consumer intentions and actions. keywords: animal; animal welfare; attitude; behavior; buying; concern; consumer; consumption; et al; familiarity; food; identity; intention; pay; pork; products; purchase; respondents; self; theory; welfare cache: afs-159890.pdf plain text: afs-159890.txt item: #94 of 2310 id: afs-159955 author: Hyvönen, Terho; Hautsalo, Juho; Hiltunen, Lea; Huusela, Erja; Jalli, Marja; Nissinen, Anne; Rastas, Marika; Ruuttunen, Pentti; Vänninen, Irene; Hyvönen, Terho title: A revision of emergent pests in major agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland date: 2025 words: 12761 flesch: 51 summary: Amaranthus retroflexus has not extended its distribution area or infestation level in crop species. The major focus in the reviews was to predict the potential for the range expansion and establishment of permanent populations with respect to increased immigration pressure, changing climate and introduction of new crop species. keywords: alien; cereals; change; climate; crops; emergent; establishment; et al; europe; field; finland; finnish; food; growing; hyvönen; observations; pathogens; pests; plant; potato; production; risk; science; species; spring; virus; weed; wheat cache: afs-159955.pdf plain text: afs-159955.txt item: #95 of 2310 id: afs-160985 author: Rätsep, Reelika; Maante-Kuljus, Mariana; Karp, Kadri; Põldma, Priit; Koort, Angela; Mainla, Leila; Moor, Ulvi; Rätsep, Reelika title: Assessing Estonia’s viticultural potential based on the compositional analysis of sugars and acids of wine grape cultivars date: 2025 words: 6439 flesch: 59 summary: The fructose content (g l-1) in grape cultivars for the years 2023 and 2024 (A), and as the two- year average (B). The glucose content (g l-1) in grape cultivars for the years 2023 and 2024 (A), and as the two- year average (B). keywords: acid; content; cultivars; grape; hasansky; l-1; marquette; regent; rondo; sladky; solaris; wine; years; zilga cache: afs-160985.pdf plain text: afs-160985.txt item: #96 of 2310 id: afs-161088 author: Elofsson , Katarina; Gebru, Bahre; Andersson, Hans; Elofsson , Katarina title: Impacts of climate change on agricultural yield and the economic feasibility of adaptation in Sweden date: 2025 words: 9655 flesch: 55 summary: For spring wheat, oats, and spring barley, there is a significant negative linear relation- ship between second growing season precipitation and yield, while the quadratic term is insignificant, see columns 3, 5, and 7. We acknowledge that the impact of precipitation on crop yield varies across crops and throughout the early and main growing seasons as well as the harvest season. keywords: agriculture; change; climate; county; crop; data; effects; irrigation; mean; precipitation; season; spring; swedish; weather; wheat; winter; yes; yield cache: afs-161088.pdf plain text: afs-161088.txt item: #97 of 2310 id: afs-161586 author: Lehto, Marja; Kymäläinen, Hanna-Riitta; Kahala, Minna M.; Järvenpää, Eila P.; Kymäläinen, Hanna-Riitta title: Valorization of carrot, cabbage, and red beet by-products – A review date: 2025 words: 15440 flesch: 50 summary: Red beet pomace has been found to have antibacterial (Vulić et al. 2013, Salamatullah et al. 2021), antiradical and hepatoprotective (Vulić et al. 2014), and anticandidal properties (Salamatullah et al. 2021). Studies focusing on other treatments or active components for soil improvement were few: polymer gel from cabbage waste (Zhang et al. 2021) and lime mud from red beet juice production (Ławińska et al. 2020) showed potential, while carrot acid extracts did not (Suzuki et al. 2001) (Table 7). keywords: animal; antioxidant; applications; beet; beetroot; biochar; biomass; cabbage; cabbage waste; carrot; compounds; environmental; et al; feed; fiber; food; food science; food waste; journal; leaves; materials; peel; pomace; potential; processing; production; products; properties; red; soil; studies; technology; use; utilization; valorization; vegetable; waste; xxx cache: afs-161586.pdf plain text: afs-161586.txt item: #98 of 2310 id: afs-161593 author: Taha, Vahel Jaladet; Huntington, James A.; Wilkinson, Robert R.; Davies, Dave; Taha, Vahel Jaladet title: Chestnut tannin supplementation at ensiling: Effects on composition, degradability, and fermentation of forage silages date: 2025 words: 11067 flesch: 54 summary: Sinclair et al. (2009) found that high tannin level pea silage had a significantly lower CP fraction a-term compared to low tannin level pea silage. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Agricultural and Food Science (2025) 34: 154–168 154 https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.161593 Chestnut tannin supplementation at ensiling: Effects on composition, degradability, and fermentation of forage silages Vahel J. Taha1, James A. Huntington2, Robert G. Wilkinson2 and Dave Davies3 1College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 2Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK 3Silage Solution Co., Aberystwyth, Wales, UK e-mail: vahel.taha@uod.ac Tannins are plant secondary compounds capable of forming pH-dependent reversible bonds with proteins, there- by reducing protein degradation in the silo and rumen. keywords: bean; degradability; et al; fermentation; forages; fraction; grass; kg-1; pea; protein; rumen; science; silage; tannin cache: afs-161593.pdf plain text: afs-161593.txt item: #99 of 2310 id: afs-162643 author: Malin, Eliisa; Sorvali, Jaana; Kaseva, Janne; Jalli, Marja; Malin, Eliisa title: Socio-psychological factors influencing decision-making and implementation of IPM methods among Finnish farmers date: 2025 words: 8797 flesch: 45 summary: Our research investigates the socio-psychological factors influencing the decision-making and implementation of IPM methods among Finnish farmers. Discussion This study is the first to examine the views of Finnish farmers on the adoption of IPM within the framework of the EU Green Deal. keywords: adoption; behaviour; control; et al; factors; farmers; food; intention; ipm; journal; knowledge; management; methods; norms; pest; research; science; theory; use; xxx cache: afs-162643.pdf plain text: afs-162643.txt item: #100 of 2310 id: afs-163581 author: Ritvanen, Tiina; Raatikainen, Marja; Järvinen, Janne; Pastell, Helena; Ritvanen, Tiina title: Chemical composition and nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor for honey bee drone brood –pupae of Apis mellifera L. date: 2025 words: 6058 flesch: 61 summary: Accordingly, there have been a growing number of studies on amino acid contents and protein conversion factors for variable insects (e.g. Janssen et al. 2017, Boulos et al. 2020, Ritvanen et al. 2020). Protein content is commonly determined as nitrogen content which is calculated to protein using a protein conver- sion factor, usually set at 6.25. keywords: acid; amino; bee; brood; content; drone; et al; food; honey; insects; protein; pupae cache: afs-163581.pdf plain text: afs-163581.txt item: #101 of 2310 id: afs-163895 author: Quisth, Ida; Ulfsparre, Isabella; Müller, Bettina; Passoth, Volkmar; Solberg, Svein Øivind; Martín, Carlos; Romero-Soto, Luis Alejandro; Pent, Mari; Mousavi, Hesam; Mousavi, Hesam title: Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) as a Sustainable Soil Amendment and Biofertilizer:: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges in Agricultural and Horticultural Systems date: 2025 words: 10714 flesch: 40 summary: Wang et al. 2020; Mahato et al. 2024; Kumar and Chugh 2022; Hernández et al. 2021; Postinguel et al. 2025 Environmental Benefits Substitutes for peat and synthetic fertilizers; reduces GHG emissions and environmental degradation; enhances ecosystem resilience, water retention, and erosion control. Composition also varies by mushroom species, substrate, and composting, complicating standardization and regulation (Velusami et al. 2021, Wang et al. 2024). keywords: 2022; activity; agricultural; amendment; application; composting; crop; et al; food; growth; journal; mushroom; mushroom substrate; nutrient; peat; plant; potential; research; science; sms; soil; substrate; systems; use; waste; water; xxx cache: afs-163895.pdf plain text: afs-163895.txt item: #102 of 2310 id: afs-40879 author: Uimari, Pekka title: Preface date: 2014 words: 406 flesch: 43 summary: The number of published articles was 34 thus the acceptance rate was around 6%. Also, global demand for safe and nutritious food and increased demand for ani- mal products in developing countries give opportunities and poses responsibilities for food production in North- ern hemisphere especially in boreal region where available water is not a limiting factor for food production. keywords: food cache: afs-40879.pdf plain text: afs-40879.txt item: #103 of 2310 id: afs-40936 author: Moor, Ulvi; Moor, Argo; Põldma, Priit; Heinmaa, Lagle title: Consumer preferences of apples in Estonia and changes in attitudes over five years date: 2014 words: 6825 flesch: 60 summary: Also in Switzerland, apple consumers between 30 and 60 years old considered organic as being more important, compared to perceptions of young people (below 30 years) (Péneau et al. 2006). Despite the fact that organic apple preference had decreased over the five years from 2007 to 2012, 59.6 % of the Estonian consumers would still prefer organic apples (definitely and probably prefer added). keywords: age; apples; consumers; education; estonian; et al; food; people; preference; respondents; taste; years cache: afs-40936.pdf plain text: afs-40936.txt item: #104 of 2310 id: afs-40938 author: Hakojärvi, Mikko; Hautala, Mikko; Alakukku, Laura title: Testing the use of an analytical and mechanistic C3 - biomass accumulation model for precision fertilization date: 2014 words: 11383 flesch: 58 summary: The amount of water available for crop growth is calculated from crop root growth, soil properties and rainfall (Hautala and Hakojärvi 2011). Firstly, the models do not sufficiently consider spatial processes (Sadler et al. 2000). keywords: area; basso; basso et; biomass; conditions; crop; crop growth; et al; experiment; fig; growth; hakojärvi; leaf; model; nitrogen; precipitation; radiation; soil; table; values; water; yield cache: afs-40938.pdf plain text: afs-40938.txt item: #105 of 2310 id: afs-41179 author: Seppälä, Arja; Albarran, Yolanda Madrid; Miettinen, Harri; Siguero, Maria Palomo; Juutinen, Elina; Rinne, Marketta title: Selenium supplementation by addition of sodium selenate with silage additive date: 2014 words: 5188 flesch: 48 summary: Selenium content and selenium forms in the silages Selenium dosed within the additive was evenly sprayed into the silage with the acid-based additive as indicated by the total selenium content of the silages being close to the theoretical concentration (Table 3). Expected and analysed selenium content in the silages. keywords: acid; additive; content; et al; grass; kg-1; selenate; selenium; silage; sodium cache: afs-41179.pdf plain text: afs-41179.txt item: #106 of 2310 id: afs-41192 author: Taverniers, Isabel; De Meyer, Laurens; Van Droogenbroeck, Bart; Messens, Kathy; De Loose, Marc title: Influence of plant developmental stage on DNA yield and extractability in MON810 maize date: 2015 words: 6731 flesch: 63 summary: 4. Expected GM percentage, provided that there is perfect (100%) cross-pollination with GM maize, on three different sampling stages for different maize usages. When a conventional maize kernel is fertilized by a MON810 pollen, the percentage GM DNA of the grain can be calculated at different development stages by this formula: GM DNA ratio = 1/3 F + 1/2 (1-F) = 0,5 – 0,167 F where F is the endosperm DNA content between 0 and 1, relative to the total kernel DNA and 1-F is the embryo DNA content relative to the total kernel DNA. keywords: cob; content; dna; embryo; endosperm; kernel; maize; percentage; plant; sampling; stage cache: afs-41192.pdf plain text: afs-41192.txt item: #107 of 2310 id: afs-41195 author: Järvenranta, Kirsi; Virkajärvi, Perttu; Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi title: The flows and balances of P, K, Ca and Mg on intensively managed Boreal high input grass and low input grass-clover pastures date: 2014 words: 8190 flesch: 63 summary: Instead, the total amount of the PO4-P (kg ha-1) in surface runoff was strongly depen- dent on soil P concentration (Fig. 1). These factors could explain the correlation between the amounts of P in surface runoff and soil P, as the amount of snow-melt water in spring was probably high enough every year to extract most of the soluble P from the soil. keywords: concentration; grass; nutrient; runoff; soil; surface; treatment; year cache: afs-41195.pdf plain text: afs-41195.txt item: #108 of 2310 id: afs-41306 author: Lehto, Marja; Sipilä, Ilkka; Alakukku, Laura; Kymäläinen, Hanna-Riitta title: Water consumption and wastewaters in fresh-cut vegetable production date: 2014 words: 7317 flesch: 60 summary: Precipitation chemicals The efficiencies of three precipitation chemicals to precipitate solid and organic matter from vegetable washing waters (A) and vegetable processing waters (C) were tested in a laboratory. The levels of coliform bacteria, faecal coliforms and enterococci were somewhat higher in washing water of lettuce (D3) than in wash waters of root vegetables and waters from a carrot peeling machine (Table 2). keywords: basin; consumption; food; lettuce; peeling; plant; processing; quality; total; use; vegetable; washing; wastewater; water cache: afs-41306.pdf plain text: afs-41306.txt item: #109 of 2310 id: afs-41329 author: Koivunen, Erja; Tuunainen, Petra; Valkonen, Eija; Rossow, Laila; Valaja, Jarmo title: Use of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) in diets of laying hens date: 2014 words: 6292 flesch: 68 summary: (2014) 23: 165‒172 167 rated into four orthogonal contrasts as follows: Effect of FB, control (SBM) treatment vs. FB treatments; Effect of processing (P), unprocessed FB vs. processed FB; Effect of FB inclusion level (L), FB content of 50 g kg-1 feed vs. FB content of 100 g kg-1 feed; and the interaction of processing and FB inclusion level (P × L). Faba bean inclusion (control vs. FB diets) had no effect on the egg produc- tion rate, egg mass production, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio, but it decreased egg weight (p<0.05). keywords: egg; et al; faba; feed; hens; inclusion; kg-1 cache: afs-41329.pdf plain text: afs-41329.txt item: #110 of 2310 id: afs-41385 author: Ugrinovic, Milan; Mijatovic, Mirjana; Zdravkovic, Jasmina; Girek, Zdenka; Kuzmanovic, Djordje; Rasulic, Natasa; Josic, Dragana title: Intercropped red beet and radish with green bean affected microbial communities and nodulation by indigenous rhizobia date: 2014 words: 8229 flesch: 56 summary: Fenotyping of bacteria from green bean nodules At the flowering stage nodules from green bean roots from 6 variants: K, N, C, P, R and F were taken for sampling. The impact of intercropping green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with red beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. rubra) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), two non-legume plants, on the plants’ yields, as well as the effect on occurrence and enu- meration of microorganisms in the rhizosphere was studied. keywords: bean; beet; diversity; et al; green; intercropping; isolates; nodules; number; patterns; plants; radish; red; rhizobia; rhizosphere; soil; variants cache: afs-41385.pdf plain text: afs-41385.txt item: #111 of 2310 id: afs-41454 author: Slikova, Svetlana; Gavurníková, Soňa; Mináriková, Martina; Gregová, Edita; Šudyová, Valéria title: Mycotoxin survey of wheat samples graded according to their technological quality date: 2014 words: 5346 flesch: 60 summary: Previous studies have analysed flour from wheat grain samples obtained from experiments that had artificially infected grain with Fusarium spp. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE S. Šliková et al. (2014) 23: 186–193 186 Mycotoxin survey of wheat samples graded according to their technological quality Svetlana Šliková1, Soňa Gavurníková1, Martina Mináriková2, Edita Gregová1, Valéria Šudyová1 1National Agriculture and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovak Republic 2Department of Theoretical Geodesy, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovak Republic e-mail: slikova@vurv.sk Wheat grain samples from 108 fields in Slovakia were analysed for their technological quality parameters and deox- ynivalenol (DON) content. keywords: consumption; contamination; content; don; et al; food; fusarium; grain; quality; samples; wheat cache: afs-41454.pdf plain text: afs-41454.txt item: #112 of 2310 id: afs-41471 author: Vestberg, Mauritz Vilhelm; Kukkonen, Sanna; Parikka, Päivi; Yu, Dan; Romantschuk, Martin title: Reproducibility of suppression of Pythium wilt of cucumber by compost date: 2014 words: 6834 flesch: 59 summary: Weekly measurement of plant height indicated different curves for suppressive composts than for non-suppressive ones (Fig 1). Suppressive composts: Microbial ecology links between abiotic environments and healthy plants. keywords: compost; control; disease; et al; manure; peat; plant; pythium; soil; suppressive; suppressiveness cache: afs-41471.pdf plain text: afs-41471.txt item: #113 of 2310 id: afs-41530 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pahkala, Katri; Mikkola, Hannu; Jauhiainen, Lauri title: Seed loss and volunteer seedling establishment of rapeseed in the northernmost European conditions: potential for weed infestation and GM risks date: 2014 words: 8423 flesch: 61 summary: Sleepers in the soil ‒ Vertical distiribution by tillage and long-term survival of oilseed rape seeds compared with plastic pellets. Key words: dormancy, GM, oilseed rape, seedling soil seed bank, spring sown crop, turnip rape, weed Introduction In the northernmost European growing conditions, represented by Finland, turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) and oil- seed rape (B. napus L.) (hereafter referred to as rapeseed) are grown for oil and protein production. keywords: et al; harvest; losses; oilseed; peltonen; rape; rapeseed; sainio; science; seed; seedlings; soil; volunteer cache: afs-41530.pdf plain text: afs-41530.txt item: #114 of 2310 id: afs-45222 author: Ollila, Petri; Nilsson, Jerker; Hess, Sebastian title: Farmers' reactions to the internationalisation of cooperatives date: 2014 words: 10074 flesch: 44 summary: This study examined the extent to which farmer cooperatives enjoy social capital within their memberships as they become internationalised. The aim of this study was to explore to which extent farmer cooperatives enjoy different kinds of social capital with- in their memberships as these cooperatives are developing towards more internationalised business operations. keywords: capital; characteristics; cooperative; farmers; food; internationalisation; members; membership; model; number; ollila; opinions; respondents; variables cache: afs-45222.pdf plain text: afs-45222.txt item: #115 of 2310 id: afs-45374 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi title: A comparison of Nordic Red, Holstein-Friesian and Finnish native cattle bulls for beef production and carcass traits date: 2014 words: 4091 flesch: 64 summary: Raw slaughter data for each animal included individual animal identification number on ear tag, date of birth, date of slaughter, sex, carcass weight, carcass conformation score and carcass fat score. Less differences were observed in valu- able cuttings as might be inferred based on the differences in carcass conformation scores. keywords: breeds; bulls; carcass; hol; huuskonen; musculus; weight cache: afs-45374.pdf plain text: afs-45374.txt item: #116 of 2310 id: afs-46422 author: Alaru, Maarika; Talgre, Liina; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Tein, Berit; Luik, Anne; Nemvalts, Anu; Loit, Evelin title: Crop yields and supply of nitrogen compared in conventional and organic farming systems date: 2014 words: 6491 flesch: 63 summary: The organic fertiliser with faster mineralisation rate and splitting the application of organic N during crop cycle period would be more appropriate to supply sufficient quantities of N during rapid plant growth and to obtain higher crop yields in organic farming systems. To increase the crops DM yield in organic treatments, the organic fertiliser with faster mineralisation rate and split- ting the application of organic N in crop cycle period would be more appropriate to supply sufficient quantities of N during rapid plant growth. keywords: crop; cycle; manure; period; soil; treatments; winter; yield cache: afs-46422.pdf plain text: afs-46422.txt item: #117 of 2310 id: afs-46423 author: Hansen, Bjørn Gunnar; Greve, Arent title: Dairy farmers’ values and how their values affect their decision date: 2014 words: 8692 flesch: 61 summary: Categorizing farming values as economic, conservation and lifestyle. Farmers have different values which are often combined in complex and subtle ways. keywords: dairy; decision; farmers; farming; food; goals; production; services; terminal; values; work cache: afs-46423.pdf plain text: afs-46423.txt item: #118 of 2310 id: afs-46431 author: McNamee, Andrew; Keane, Michael Gerard; Kenny, David; O'Riordan, Edward; Dunne, Peter Gerard; Moloney, Aidan title: Colour of subcutaneous adipose tissue and colour and tenderness of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from Holstein–Friesian, Norwegian RedxHolstein–Friesian and JerseyxHolstein-Friesian cattle slaughtered at two live weights as bulls or steers date: 2014 words: 10216 flesch: 68 summary: From the few data available however, differences in WBSF, where they exist are small and unlikely to be of commercial importance (Miller et al. 2001). The main breed-related finding with respect to meat quality that adipose tissue from JE-sired cattle was more yel- low, is consistent with the literature on this topic (Morgan et al. 1969, Barton et al. 1994, Pitchford et al. 2002). keywords: animals; beef; bulls; colour; et al; muscle; science; slaughter; steers; tissue; value; weight cache: afs-46431.pdf plain text: afs-46431.txt item: #119 of 2310 id: afs-46460 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju; Joki-Tokola, Erkki title: Effects of supplementary concentrate level and separate or total mixed ration feeding on performance of growing dairy bulls date: 2014 words: 6354 flesch: 60 summary: Increasing concentrate level led to significantly decreased DMD, OMD and NDFD (Table 2). Carcass gain improved more with separate feeding than with TMR feeding as a consequence of increased concentrate level (Table 3). keywords: bulls; carcass; concentrate; et al; feeding; huuskonen; kg-1; level; science; silage; tmr cache: afs-46460.pdf plain text: afs-46460.txt item: #120 of 2310 id: afs-46502 author: Rinne, Marketta; Kautto, Outi; Kuoppala, Kaisa; Ahvenjärvi, Seppo; Kitunen, Veikko; Ilvesniemi, Hannu; Wilför, Stefan; Sormunen-Cristian, Riitta title: Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by in vitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep date: 2016 words: 5888 flesch: 54 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Rinne et al. (2016) 25: 13–21 13 Manuscript received August 2014 Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by in vitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep Marketta Rinnea, Outi Kauttoa, Kaisa Kuoppalaa, Seppo Ahvenjärvia, Veikko Kitunenb, Hannu Ilvesniemib, Stefan Willförc, Riitta Sormunen-Cristiana a Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Green Technology, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland b Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bio-based Business and Industry, FI-01370 Vantaa, Finland c Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, FI-20500 Turku, Finland e-mail: marketta.rinne@luke.fi The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of pressurized hot water extracted hemicellulose fractions from various wood species as feeds for ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 71: 2297–2302. Digestion of wood-based hemicellulose extracts as screened by invitro gas production method and verified in vivo using sheep Introduction Materials and methods In vitro gas production measurements of hemicellulose extracts (Exp. 1) keywords: digestibility; et al; exp; gas; ggm4; hemicellulose; kg-1; method; production; science; vivo; wood cache: afs-46502.pdf plain text: afs-46502.txt item: #121 of 2310 id: afs-46504 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Laurila, Heikki; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Alakukku, Laura title: Proximity of waterways to Finnish farmlands and associated characteristics of regional land use date: 2015 words: 7802 flesch: 55 summary: Origin of irrigation water (%) in 2010 according production sector and regions (surface water from the farm or from a waterway that extends beyond the farm, groundwater from the farm, tap water from outside the farm and other source of water). In the future studies on field water management, irrigation systems should be considered together with drainage systems to assess the opportunities to gain from water collection systems and/or temporary storage (e.g. constructed wetlands). keywords: agricultural; et al; fields; fig; finland; food; irrigation; peltonen; regions; sainio; science; use; water; waterways cache: afs-46504.pdf plain text: afs-46504.txt item: #122 of 2310 id: afs-46512 author: Pokharel, Kisun; Peippo, Jaana; Andersson, Göran; Li, Meng-Hua; Kantanen, Juha title: Transcriptome profiling of Finnsheep ovaries during out-of-season breeding period date: 2015 words: 4748 flesch: 55 summary: We annotated unknown transcripts, i.e. all transcripts that did not match to sheep genes, by implementing BLAST search and InterPro query in Blast2GO. Identification of sheep ovary genes potentially associated with off-season reproduction. keywords: breeding; candidate; data; et al; finnsheep; genes; genome; science; season; sheep; transcriptome; transcripts cache: afs-46512.pdf plain text: afs-46512.txt item: #123 of 2310 id: afs-47204 author: Kowalska, Iwona; Konieczny, Anna; Gąstoł, Maciej; Sady, Włodzimierz; Hanus-Fajerska, Ewa title: Effect of mycorrhiza and phosphorus content in nutrient solution on the yield and nutritional status of tomato plants grown on rockwool or coconut coir date: 2015 words: 7942 flesch: 55 summary: Conclusions In conclusion it can be stated that in soilless cultures the colonization of tomato plant roots by AMF is more ef- ficient if the P content in the nutrient solution is low, i.e. 15 mg dm-3. These discrepancies are probably caused by the degree of colonization of plant roots by AMF in hydroponic cultures, which is likely limited by the presence of high P concentrations in the root zone of plants (Ryan and Graham 2002, Cwala et al. 2010, Maboko et al. 2013), especially since P is in easily absorbable forms. keywords: amf; colonization; content; et al; fungi; level; mycorrhizal; n.s; nutrient; nutrient solution; phosphorus; plants; roots; solution; tomato cache: afs-47204.pdf plain text: afs-47204.txt item: #124 of 2310 id: afs-47220 author: Haapala, Tapani; Palonen, Pauliina; Tamminen, Antti; Ahokas, Jukka title: Effects of different paper mulches on soil temperature and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the temperate zone date: 2015 words: 4713 flesch: 64 summary: The aim of our study carried out in southern Finland was to examine the effects of different paper mulches on the yield of cucumber, the soil temperature, and weed emergence, and to assess whether paper mulches could substitute biodegradable film mulch in cucumber production. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Haapala et al. (2015) 24: 52–58 52 Effects of different paper mulches on soil temperature and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the temperate zone Tapani Haapala, Pauliina Palonen, Antti Tamminen and Jukka Ahokas Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 62, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland e-mail: tapani.haapala@helsinki.fi The effect of different paper mulches and two different biodegradable plastic mulches on the yield of field-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was examined. keywords: black; cucumber; film; kraft; mulches; paper; soil; temperature; yield cache: afs-47220.pdf plain text: afs-47220.txt item: #125 of 2310 id: afs-4727 author: Gamel, Tamer; Abdel-Aal, El-Sayed M title: Phenolic acids and antioxidant properties of barley wholegrain and pearling fractions date: 2012 words: 7567 flesch: 56 summary: Key words: barley, phenolic acids, LDL oxidation, DPPH, ABTS. For the separation of phenolic acids from barley extracts, 20 μl was injected and a gra- dient system was applied starting with a solvent ratio 100:0 of 6% formic acid and acidified acetonitrile. keywords: abdel; acids; antioxidant; barley; capacity; cultivars; ferulic; food; fraction; oxidation; phenolic; wholegrain cache: afs-4727.pdf plain text: afs-4727.txt item: #126 of 2310 id: afs-4765 author: Fan, Li; Roux, Valentine; Dubé, Claudine; Charlebois, Dennis; Tao, Shutian; Khanizadeh, Shahrokh title: Effect of mulching systems on fruit quality and phytochemical composition of newly developed strawberry lines date: 2012 words: 4985 flesch: 63 summary: A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E L. Fan et al. (2012) 21: 132-140 133 These benefits have stimulated research on the phenolic composition and total antioxidant capacity of strawberry fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PM and PMRC, versus the conventional MRS, on total yield, yield per plant, average fruit weight, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), firmness and AC measured as ORAC, in selected strawberry fruits, at different harvest times during the growing season. keywords: et al; fruit; pmrc; strawberry; systems; yield cache: afs-4765.pdf plain text: afs-4765.txt item: #127 of 2310 id: afs-47985 author: Pasqualone, Antonella; Delvecchio, Laura Nunzia; Mangini, Giacomo; Taranto, Francesca; Blanco, Antonio title: Variability of total soluble phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in a collection of tetraploid wheat date: 2014 words: 6756 flesch: 60 summary: In a previous research, a collection composed of a large set of tetraploid wheat samples including durum wheat cultivars, landraces, and wild accessions of different Triticum turgidum subspecies, has been assembled and screened for genetic diversity by molecular markers and pedigree data (Laidò et al. 2013). The few reports available focused only on durum wheat cultivars (Lempere- ur et al. keywords: activity; antioxidant; compounds; cultivars; et al; food; phenolic; ssp; tspc; wheat cache: afs-47985.pdf plain text: afs-47985.txt item: #128 of 2310 id: afs-48012 author: Rajaniemi, Mari; Ahokas, Jukka title: Direct energy consumption and CO2 emissions in a Finnish broiler house – a case study date: 2015 words: 7120 flesch: 63 summary: Manuscript received October 2014 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Rajaniemi & J. Ahokas (2015) 24: 10–23 11 Climate, bird mass, house type and insulation greatly affect heating energy consumption. Direct energy consumption includes electricity and heating energy consumption. keywords: broiler; co2; consumption; electricity; electricity consumption; emissions; energy; energy consumption; flock; heating; house; production; rearing; ventilation cache: afs-48012.pdf plain text: afs-48012.txt item: #129 of 2310 id: afs-4806 author: Klimeski, Aleksandar; Chardon, Wim J.; Turtola, Eila; Uusitalo, Risto title: Potential and limitations of phosphate retention media in water protection: A process-based review of laboratory and field-scale tests date: 2012 words: 14877 flesch: 60 summary: Several potential materials are available in the countries surrounding the Bal- tic Sea, however, because only a limited number of field studies have explored this topic thus far, few have used P retention materials to mitigate eutrophication in the Baltic Sea catchment area. This review aims to promote research on P retention materials by conducting a comprehensive survey and com- piling a summary of the physical and chemical parameters that influence retention of P in solid media. keywords: c e; capacity; concentration; et al; filter; flow; g-1; laboratory; material; phosphorus; removal; retention; solution; sorption; tests; water cache: afs-4806.pdf plain text: afs-4806.txt item: #130 of 2310 id: afs-4811 author: Purcell, Peter James; Boland, Tommy M.; O'Brien, Martin; O'Kiely, Pádraig title: In vitro rumen methane output of forb species sampled in spring and summer date: 2012 words: 4443 flesch: 55 summary: Although R. repens (spring) and C. arvense (spring) had lower CH4 output than GS when expressed relative to tVFA and TGP, respectively, these outcomes were not congruent with the more methanogenic in vitro rumen VFA profile of the GS versus the forbs, namely its higher A:P and NGGR. Thus, further study is required to determine whether these forb species would reduce CH4 output relative to animal product if assessed in vivo. keywords: ch4; p<0.05; rumen; species; spring; summer cache: afs-4811.pdf plain text: afs-4811.txt item: #131 of 2310 id: afs-48223 author: Zoric, Lana; Mikic, Aleksandar; Antanasovic, Svetlana; Karanovic, Dunja; Cupina, Branko; Lukovic, Jadranka title: Stem anatomy of annual legume intercropping components: white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), narbonne (Vicia narbonensis L.) and common (Vicia sativa L.) vetches date: 2015 words: 5684 flesch: 51 summary: Cross-sections of L. albus middle stem segments: (a) Cross-section of L. albus stem with superimposed point grid test system consisting of 588 test points; (b) L. albus grown as sole stand; L. albus intercropped with (c) V. sativa and (d) V. narbonensis a b c d a b Fig. The data on structural characteristics of intercropped legume species are currently limited. keywords: forage; intercropping; legume; plants; sativa; stem; tissues cache: afs-48223.pdf plain text: afs-48223.txt item: #132 of 2310 id: afs-48346 author: Ebrahimi, Nashmin; Hartikainen, Helinä; Simojoki, Asko; Hajiboland, Roghieh; Seppänen, Mervi M title: Dynamics of dry matter and selenium accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in response to organic and inorganic selenium treatments date: 2015 words: 9633 flesch: 61 summary: Conductivity indices and pH of soil treated with inorganic Se (0, 7 and 140 µg kg-1 soil), organic Se (leaf and stem residue, 0 and 7 µg Se kg-1 soil) and autoclaved soil with inorganic Se (0 and 7 µg kg-1 soil) at the different growth stages Se added (µg kg-1soil) Rosette Bolting Flowering Seed filling pH Conductivity index pH Conductivity index pH Conductivity index pH Conductivity index Inorganic Se 0 5.83 b 3.36 abcd 5.79 c 1.77 bc 5.67 d 1.18 a 5.38 ab 0.75 bcd 7 5.94 ab 1.93 c 5.84 bc 0.58 Se concentration (µg g-1 DM) in roots and shoots of B. napus L. plants grown in soil that had been treated with inorganic Se (0, 7 and 140 µg kg-1 soil), organic Se (leaf and stem residues, 0 and 7 µg kg-1 soil) and in autoclaved soil with inorganic Se (0 and 7 µg kg-1 soil) at the rosette stage Se added (µg kg-1soil) keywords: autoclaved; et al; growth; inorganic; kg-1; plant; selenium; soil; stage; stem cache: afs-48346.pdf plain text: afs-48346.txt item: #133 of 2310 id: afs-48421 author: Koivunen, Erja; Tuunainen, Petra; Valkonen, Eija; Valaja, Jarmo title: Use of semi-leafless peas (Pisum sativum L) in laying hen diets date: 2015 words: 5043 flesch: 62 summary: Gatel (1994) stated that pea protein is as rich in lysine as SBM protein. There are several other studies showing that SBM protein can be replaced by pea protein (Castanon and Perez-Lanzac 1990, Perez-Maldonado et al. 1999, Fru-Nji et al. 2007). keywords: age; diets; egg; et al; feed; peas; weeks cache: afs-48421.pdf plain text: afs-48421.txt item: #134 of 2310 id: afs-48472 author: Marinova-Todorova, Mariela; Ranta, Jukka; Hannunen, Salla title: The suitability of Finnish climate for fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) epidemics on apple date: 2015 words: 4176 flesch: 62 summary: In this study the suitability of the Finnish climate for apple blossom blight infections by Erwinia amylovora was evalu- ated with the epidemiological model MaryblytTM. Manuscript received January 2015 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Marinova-Todorova et al. (2015) 24: 59–66 60 The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the Finnish climate for apple blossom blight infections by Erwinia amylovora with epidemiological modelling. keywords: apple; blight; days; finland; fire; infection; locations cache: afs-48472.pdf plain text: afs-48472.txt item: #135 of 2310 id: afs-4855 author: Uusitalo, Risto; Ylivainio, Kari; Hyväluoma, Jari; Rasa, Kimmo; Kaseva, Janne; Nylund, Pauliina; Pietola, Liisa; Turtola, Eila title: The effects of gypsum on the transfer of phosphorus and other nutrients through clay soil monoliths date: 2012 words: 12611 flesch: 59 summary: Nevertheless, gypsum amendments seems to be a promising technique for erosion control and retention of soil P in annually tilled clay soils, even though the cost of the treatment likely restricts its use for small areas that have an unproportionally large effect on surface water quality. We interpret this as a result of differences in soil test P concentrations (PAc 13–15 for Field 1 vs. 8–9 mg l-1 for Field 2). keywords: amendment; concentrations; ctrl; et al; field; gypsum; l-1; lime; months; n c; n.a; rainfall; samples; soil; study; water cache: afs-4855.pdf plain text: afs-4855.txt item: #136 of 2310 id: afs-48629 author: Solberg, Svein Oivind; Breian, Line title: Commercial cultivars and farmers’ access to crop diversity: A case study from the Nordic region date: 2015 words: 10142 flesch: 63 summary: Measures to promote Nordic plant breeding – A proposal for increased Nordic collaboration in pre-breeding. The name and number of breeding enterprises and the number of listed cultivars are key measures in this overview. keywords: agricultural; area; beet; breeding; countries; crops; cultivars; cultivation; enterprises; farmers; food; list; national; number; plant; science; seed; sweden; swedish; varieties; variety cache: afs-48629.pdf plain text: afs-48629.txt item: #137 of 2310 id: afs-4931 author: Salonen, Anneli; Julkunen-Tiitto, Riitta title: Characterisation of two unique unifloral honeys from the boreal coniferous zone: lingonberry and mire honeys date: 2012 words: 5622 flesch: 62 summary: In our study lingonberry and mire honeys were characterized. Lingonberry honey was reddish and had a flavour of toffee, whereas mire honey had very strong aroma and reddish colour. keywords: acid; finnish; honey; lingonberry; mire; phenolic; pollen; salonen; samples cache: afs-4931.pdf plain text: afs-4931.txt item: #138 of 2310 id: afs-49331 author: Andersson, Staffan C; Ekholm, Anders; Johansson, Eva; Olsson, Marie E; Sjöholm, Ingegerd; Nyberg, Lena; Nilsson, Annika; Rumpunen, Kimmo title: Effect of storage time and temperature on stability of bioactive compounds in aseptically packed beverages prepared from rose hips and sea buckthorn berries date: 2015 words: 13668 flesch: 65 summary: C in header indicates significant difference between blend beverages RS and RSO (p < 0.05). Analysis of ascorbic acid For ascorbic acid analysis samples were thawed, placed in ultrasonic bath for 10 min., and centrifuged for 10 min. at 8500 rpm (Centronic, USA). keywords: acid; beverages; carotenoids; compounds; food; oil; rso; storage cache: afs-49331.pdf plain text: afs-49331.txt item: #139 of 2310 id: afs-49446 author: Soteriades, Andreas Diomedes; Faverdin, Philippe; March, Margaret; Stott, Alistair William title: Improving efficiency assessments using additive data envelopment analysis models: an application to contrasting dairy farming systems date: 2015 words: 9243 flesch: 58 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE A. D. Soteriades et al. (2015) 24: 235–248 235 Manuscript received February 2015 Improving efficiency assessments using additive data envelopment analysis models: an application to contrasting dairy farming systems Andreas D. Soteriades1, Philippe Faverdin2,3, Margaret March1 and Alistair W. Stott1 1Scotland’s Rural College, Future Farming Systems Group, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 2INRA, UMR 1348 PEGASE, F-35590 St-Gilles, France, 3Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France e-mail: andreas.soteriades@sruc.ac.uk Applying holistic indicators to assess dairy farm efficiency is essential for sustainable milk production. The same is true for studies aiming to achieve dairy farm efficiency through an increase in desirable outputs (e.g. milk) and a decrease in undesirable outputs. keywords: dairy; data; dea; efficiency; et al; farm; feed; forage; input; lfc; models; outputs; savings; systems; use cache: afs-49446.pdf plain text: afs-49446.txt item: #140 of 2310 id: afs-49511 author: Kwiecień, Małgorzata; Winiarska-Mieczan, Anna; Piedra, Jose Valverde; Bujanowicz-Haraś, Barbara; Chałabis-Mazurek, Agnieszka title: Effects of copper glycine chelate on liver and faecal mineral concentrations, and blood parameters in broilers date: 2015 words: 9279 flesch: 59 summary: Also, later studies by Makarski et al. (2009b) suggest that adding 50 mg·dm-3 of Cu chelate to water resulted in a statistically significant increase in Cu concentration and a slightly higher concentration of Ca, Zn and Fe in the birds’ livers. In the experiment Cu was added to the premix in the form of CuSO4 (16 mg, 8 mg Cu), and in the form of Cu glycine chelate (16 mg, 8 mg, 4 mg Cu). keywords: acid; addition; blood; chelate; chickens; content; copper; cuso4; et al; form; gly; level; mg cu cache: afs-49511.pdf plain text: afs-49511.txt item: #141 of 2310 id: afs-49532 author: Garcia-Lopez, Ana Maria; Aviles, Manuel; Delgado, Antonio title: Plant uptake of phosphorus from sparingly available P- sources as affected by Trichoderma asperellum T34 date: 2015 words: 8898 flesch: 57 summary: For accurate assessment of their use to improve plant nutrition, it is required: (i) more direct evidences of the effect of microorganisms on plant P uptake from specific P forms present in soil, (ii) a deeper knowledge about mechanisms involved in P mobilization in plant growth me- dia, and (iii) how these mechanisms interact with P-mobilizing mechanisms of plants. In spite of the effects described by Altomare et al. (1999) or Rudresh et al. (2005), little information about contribution of Trichoderma to P uptake by plants is available. keywords: activity; et al; growth; ins6p; media; plant; soil; t34; table; total; uptake cache: afs-49532.pdf plain text: afs-49532.txt item: #142 of 2310 id: afs-49570 author: Pasqualone, Antonella; Piarulli, Luciana; Mangini, Giacomo; Gadaleta, Agata; Blanco, Antonio; Simeone, Rosanna title: Quality characteristics of parental lines of wheat mapping populations date: 2015 words: 7410 flesch: 62 summary: Multi scale analysis of the factors influencing wheat quality as determined by Gluten In- dex. The analysis of variance carried out on GPC, quali-quantitative characteristics of gluten, SDS-SW, KW, and color indices of parental lines of wheat mapping populations revealed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) among genotypes for all the traits (Table 4). GPC and gluten quality of wheat are the most important factors affecting pasta consistency and resistance to over- cooking (D’Egidio et al. 1990) and bread volume (Goesaert et al. 2005). keywords: cultivars; durum; et al; gluten; gpc; index; latino; quality; science; wheat cache: afs-49570.pdf plain text: afs-49570.txt item: #143 of 2310 id: afs-49729 author: Branković, Gordana; Dragičević, Vesna; Dodig, Dejan; Knežević, Desimir; Kandić, Vesna; Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana; Sečanski, Mile title: Phytic acid, inorganic phosphorus, antioxidants in bread and durum wheat and their associations with agronomic traits date: 2015 words: 9541 flesch: 61 summary: Branković et al. (2015) found that a major source of variation for the PA content was a geno- type × environment interaction (GEI), followed by genotype (G) and then environment (E) for bread wheat, and the E, GEI, and G, in descending order, for durum wheat. Significant, negative, medium correlations were revealed for PA and YP in two environments, Pp/Pi and WSPH in single environment in bread wheat (Supplementary Table 3), and also for PA and WSPH in two environments in durum wheat (Supplementary Table 4). keywords: acid; bread; bread wheat; content; durum; durum wheat; et al; food; g-1; genotypes; journal; phosphorus; psh; science; table; wheat; wsph cache: afs-49729.pdf plain text: afs-49729.txt item: #144 of 2310 id: afs-4982 author: Rantamäki-Lahtinen, Leena; Väre, Minna Katriina title: Strategic objectives and development plans of beginning farmers date: 2012 words: 5337 flesch: 61 summary: The result contradicts earlier findings of Gasson and Errington (1993) by which farm families with a successor have a pressing incentive to develop their farms. However, the early phase farmers group had invested significantly more than the others and in addition their liabilities per turnover rate were higher. keywords: farmers; farms; objectives; phase; production cache: afs-4982.pdf plain text: afs-4982.txt item: #145 of 2310 id: afs-4994 author: Gavito, Mayra E.; Azcón–Aguilar, Concepción title: Temperature stress in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: a test for adaptation to soil temperature in three isolates of Funneliformis mosseae from different climates date: 2012 words: 5420 flesch: 51 summary: A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E M. Gavito & C. Azcón-Aguilar (2012) 21: 2-11 2 Manuscript received June 2011 Temperature stress in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: a test for adap- tation to soil temperature in three isolates of Funneliformis mosseae from different climates Mayra E. Gavito1 and Concepción Azcón–Aguilar2 1Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Very little is known, however, about its initial development and functioning when soil temperature is either low (<10 oC) or high (>30 oC) for long periods in the growing season. keywords: development; gavito; isolates; mycorrhizal; root; soil; temperature cache: afs-4994.pdf plain text: afs-4994.txt item: #146 of 2310 id: afs-4996 author: Vestberg, Mauritz; Palojärvi, Ansa; Pitkänen, Timo; Kaipainen, Saara; Puolakka, Elina; Keskitalo, Marjo title: Neutral lipid fatty acid analysis is a sensitive marker for quantitative estimation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soil with crops of different mycotrophy date: 2012 words: 9074 flesch: 64 summary: In our study, the ratio followed closely the results of soil AMF propagule numbers and NLFA 16:1ω5 values. It can be concluded that crop mycothrophy has a strong impact on soil AMF content, which is an important factor to consider when designing crop rotations in cereal based agriculture beneficial for soil quality. keywords: 16:1ω5; acid; amf; barley; bulk; crops; et al; fatty; flax; levels; mpn; mycorrhizal; nlfa; plfa; soil cache: afs-4996.pdf plain text: afs-4996.txt item: #147 of 2310 id: afs-4997 author: Lowe, Aiofe; Rafferty-McArdle, Susan M.; Cassells, Alan C. title: Effects of AMF- and PGPR-root inoculation and a foliar chitosan spray in single and combined treatments on powdery mildew disease in strawberry date: 2012 words: 5541 flesch: 57 summary: The treatments were applied singly and in combinations, on strawberry plants grown out of season in a greenhouse. A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E A. Lowe et al. (2012) 21: 28-38 31 Results Mycorrhizal colonization of strawberry plants All inoculated plants analysed were found to be colonized by AMF using the grid line intersect method (Giovannetti and Mosse 1980). keywords: amf; control; disease; et al; inoculants; pgpr; plant; powdery; resistance; strawberry; symptom; treatments cache: afs-4997.pdf plain text: afs-4997.txt item: #148 of 2310 id: afs-4999 author: Sampò, Simonetta; Massa, Nadia; D’Agostino, Umberto; Bosco, Domenico; Marzachì, Cristina; Berta, Graziella title: Effects of two AM fungi on phytoplasma infection in the model plant Chrysanthemum carinatum date: 2012 words: 6972 flesch: 59 summary: Do interactions between plant roots and the rhizo- A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E S. Sampo et al. (2012) 21: 39-51 50 sphere affect parasitoid behaviour? Gm or Gi were in 3 and 4 class and 40% of CY plants were dead (5 class) (Fig. 1). keywords: dpi; et al; fungi; gmcy; infection; mosseae; mycorrhizal; phytoplasma; plants; root cache: afs-4999.pdf plain text: afs-4999.txt item: #149 of 2310 id: afs-5000 author: Vestberg, Mauritz title: Preface date: 2012 words: 494 flesch: 43 summary: The main objective of COST Action 870 was to take a multidisciplinary ap- proach to increase the knowledge needed for implementation of AMF in agricultural systems, in order to reduce agricultural inputs and reduce losses to the environment. COST is based on networks, called COST Actions, centred around research projects in fields that are of interest to at least five COST countries. keywords: amf; cost cache: afs-5000.pdf plain text: afs-5000.txt item: #150 of 2310 id: afs-5005 author: Csima, Gergely; Hernádi, Ildikó; Posta, Katalin title: Effects of pre- and post-transplant inoculation with commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on pelargonium (Pelargonium hortorum) and its microorganism community date: 2012 words: 5139 flesch: 50 summary: Our results suggest that mycorrhizal inoculation not only has an effect on plant growth and uptake of elements but it also influences directly or indirectly the bacterial community of the rhizosphere, which in turn might also play a role in the growth and nutrient uptake of the host plant. There are only very few data concerning the role of microorganisms in association with mycorrhizal fungi in how mycorrhizae affect plant growth. keywords: am1; experiment; fungi; growth; inoculation; mycorrhizal; nutrient; pelargonium; plants cache: afs-5005.pdf plain text: afs-5005.txt item: #151 of 2310 id: afs-5006 author: Maček, Irena; Kastelec, Damijana; Vodnik, Dominik title: Root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) concentration in hypoxic soils in natural CO2 springs date: 2012 words: 4858 flesch: 61 summary: For Plot 1 soil and root samples were taken in September 2003 in a regular sampling grid of 58 sampling points (1 m resolution) using a soil probe (Ø = 10 cm, 10 cm depth) in an area around a CO2 vent (mofette) with soil CO2 concentrations ranging from high CO2 (max 37% CO2) to ambient (control). Samples were taken following soil air gas measurements for each sampling point in December 2003 by using a soil probe (Ø = 2 cm, in two soil depths 0–5cm and 5–10 cm) in a range of soil CO2 concentrations from the control (< 3%) to the max (76%) (Fig.3). keywords: co2; concentrations; et al; grsp; mofette; root; soil; vodnik cache: afs-5006.pdf plain text: afs-5006.txt item: #152 of 2310 id: afs-5007 author: Nogales, Amaia; Cortés, Amparo; Velianos, Konstantinos; Camprubí, Amelia; Estaún, Victoria; Calvet, Cinta title: Plantago lanceolata growth and Cr uptake after mycorrhizal inoculation in a Cr amended substrate date: 2012 words: 4631 flesch: 59 summary: Effect of AMF inoculation on plant growth in a substrate amended with Cr In the highest Cr (III) concentration treatment, 400 mg kg-1, P. lanceolata plants non-inoculated with AMF and P. lanceolata plants inoculated with the AMF consortia from zone A did not survive until the end of the experiment. The use of mycorrhizal plants as a tool in phytoremediation strategies needs further research to understand the mechanisms involved in the plant’s protection against metal toxicity. keywords: amf; chromium; iii; lanceolata; metal; mycorrhizal; plants; soil; zone cache: afs-5007.pdf plain text: afs-5007.txt item: #153 of 2310 id: afs-5016 author: Maljanen, Marja Elisa; Virkajärvi, Perttu; Martikainen, Pertti J. title: Dairy cow excreta patches change the boreal grass swards from sink to source of methane date: 2012 words: 5240 flesch: 66 summary: CH4 emissions originated mainly from the fresh dung pats. Our hypothesis is that the dairy cow excreta (urine and dung) will change the conditions in grass sward ecosystem and increase the risk for CH4 emissions. keywords: application; ch4; clover; dung; emissions; et al; grass; methane; patches; soil; urine cache: afs-5016.pdf plain text: afs-5016.txt item: #154 of 2310 id: afs-50881 author: Jansik, Csaba; Irz, Xavier title: Competitiveness of Dairy Farms In Northern Europe: A Cross-Country analysis date: 2015 words: 7582 flesch: 53 summary: Over that pe- riod, Finland had the second highest TFP growth rate, with farm productivity growing faster only in Denmark. Cross-country differences in farm labour productivity are driven primarily by differences in labour requirements per cow, while differences in milk yields account for a much smaller share of the difference. keywords: countries; dairy; denmark; farms; finland; germany; growth; labour; milk; productivity; sweden; tfp cache: afs-50881.pdf plain text: afs-50881.txt item: #155 of 2310 id: afs-50930 author: Pesonen, Maiju; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi title: Production, carcass characteristics and valuable cuts of beef breed bulls and heifers in Finnish beef cattle population date: 2015 words: 6978 flesch: 65 summary: One approach to increase beef carcass weights without a subse- quent increase in fatness is through a change in breed distribution. The second objective was to evaluate carcass fat score in relation to carcass weight in different breed groups. keywords: beef; breeds; bulls; carcass; fat; heifers; science; score cache: afs-50930.pdf plain text: afs-50930.txt item: #156 of 2310 id: afs-50936 author: Šalomskienė, Joana; Abraitienė, Asta; Jonkuviene, Dovile; Mačionienė, Irena; Repečkienė, Jūratė; Stankienė, Jūratė; Vaičiulytė-Funk, Lina title: Changes in antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria induced by their response to technological factors date: 2015 words: 7028 flesch: 45 summary: LAB antifungal activity was significantly decreased only against A. versicolor in some cases of the tested chemical preservatives except sorbic acid (Table 4). The contradicting information about the changes in LAB antifungal activity due to variation in the chemical envi- ronment was observed. keywords: acid; activity; bacteria; chemical; effect; food; lab; lactis; lactobacillus; preservatives; strains cache: afs-50936.pdf plain text: afs-50936.txt item: #157 of 2310 id: afs-50953 author: Kwiatkowski, Cezary A; Haliniarz, Małgorzata; Tomczyńska-Mleko, Marta; Mleko, Stanisław; Kawecka-Radomska, Małgorzata title: The content of dietary fiber, amino acids, dihydroxyphenols and some macro- and micronutrients in grain of conventionally and organically grown common wheat, spelt wheat and proso millet date: 2015 words: 8187 flesch: 58 summary: Organic farming resulted in a 4 times increase in the Se content in spring wheat grain and a 1.4 times increase in the Se content in winter wheat grain. Both under conventional and organic farming, significantly the lowest TDF content was found in winter wheat and spelt wheat grain, whereas it was highest in proso millet. keywords: amino; cereal; content; farming; grain; kg-1; millet; proso; spelt; spelt wheat; system; wheat cache: afs-50953.pdf plain text: afs-50953.txt item: #158 of 2310 id: afs-5097 author: Laurila, Heikki; Mäkelä, Pirjo; Kleemola, Jouko; Peltonen, Jari title: A comparative ideotype, yield component and cultivation value analysis for spring wheat adaptation in Finland date: 2012 words: 15045 flesch: 58 summary: HiL vs. MidE high yielding ideotype profiles Combined dataset VIII,IX Modeling results Phase IIIc: Path models (Eq. 2-7) Phase IIIb: Correlation analysis Phase IIIa: PCA Principal Components IV HiL high yielding ideotype profile Path py coefficients for HiL yield components Path pv coefficients for HiL vegetation components Correlation coefficients for Path model ra, rb,rc .. rx Signifcant Factor loadings py, pv py pv MidE high yielding ideotype profile py(HiL) Phase Iva: Tables 6-9 pv(HiL) Phase IIId: Tables 7,8 Phase IIIe: Tables 7,9 Dataset VIII Dataset IX HiL spring wheat yield component and quality factor dataset. Dataset VI provided the averaged yield levels for rye and HiL spring wheat genotypes with organic and ecological cultivation practices (1989−1993) from the MTT Satakunta Research station (Aula and Talvitie 1995). keywords: analysis; baseline; cultivation; et al; finland; genotypes; grain; ha-1; hil; ideotype; laurila; leaf; mide; model; path; phase; results; spring; table; value; wheat; yield cache: afs-5097.pdf plain text: afs-5097.txt item: #159 of 2310 id: afs-51080 author: Lehtonen, Heikki Sakari title: Evaluating adaptation and the production development of Finnish agriculture in climate and global change date: 2015 words: 11474 flesch: 52 summary: If crop prices increase, farmers in each region increase fer- tilization as long as the value of increased crop yield is higher than the value of increased fertilizing. This, in turn, results in smaller profits per ha from increased yields than suggested by increased crop yields as such, and increasing N balances. keywords: adaptation; cereals; change; climate; crop; crop prices; crop yields; farm; finland; increase; level; model; prices; production; scenario; use; yields cache: afs-51080.pdf plain text: afs-51080.txt item: #160 of 2310 id: afs-51116 author: Tuomisto, Leena; Mononen, Jaakko; Martiskainen, Paula; Ahola, Leena; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi title: Time budgets of finishing bulls housed in an uninsulated barn or at pasture date: 2015 words: 8412 flesch: 64 summary: In total, the foraging time was longer for PAS bulls than for UB bulls. While instantaneous sampling results revealed no differences between the groups of bulls in social licking and oth- er social behaviour (e.g. sniffing another animal and sexual behaviour), one-zero sampling observations indicated that social licking was performed more by UB bulls than by PAS bulls, and that mounting was performed more by PAS bulls than by UB bulls. keywords: animal; barn; behaviour; bulls; et al; exp; housing; licking; observations; pas; pas bulls; pasture; science; time cache: afs-51116.pdf plain text: afs-51116.txt item: #161 of 2310 id: afs-5136 author: Jauni, Miia; Helenius, Juha; Hyvönen, Terho title: Changes in the invasion level, and impact of alien plants in Finnish semi-natural agricultural habitats date: 2012 words: 8582 flesch: 55 summary: Miia Jauni1, Juha Helenius1 and Terho Hyvönen2 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, 2MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: miia.jauni@helsinki.fi Using dataset of 508 transects of 50 m2, we assessed changes in the invasion level of alien plant species in semi-natural agricultural habitats in three study years (2001, 2005 and 2010) in four geographical re- gions of Finland. A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E M. Jauni et al. (2012) 21: 100-117 101 Among agricultural habitats, arable land is considered highly susceptible to invasions, whereas semi- natural habitats, such as grasslands, are less frequently invaded by alien plant species (e.g. Chytrý et al. 2008, Pyšek et al. 2009). keywords: alien; diversity; et al; finland; habitats; invasion; jauni; neophytes; plant; richness; species cache: afs-5136.pdf plain text: afs-5136.txt item: #162 of 2310 id: afs-5138 author: Voutilainen, Olli; Muilu, Toivo; Wuori, Olli title: Structural development and regional concentration of agriculture in Finland in 1975–2008 date: 2012 words: 7292 flesch: 54 summary: In addition, as the values of the slopes in Figure 5 indicate, regional concentration development in all industries together, both in terms of jobs and value added, has been faster than regional concentration development of agriculture. Regional specialisation of Finnish agriculture began already in the Middle Ages (Orrman 2003). keywords: agriculture; concentration; development; finland; finnish; gini; jobs; number; production; regions; research; terms; value cache: afs-5138.pdf plain text: afs-5138.txt item: #163 of 2310 id: afs-5144 author: Tamminen, Marja Tuulikki; Ouwehand, Arthur C.; Mäki, Maarit; Joutsjoki, Tiina; Sjöblom, Marietta; Nissinen, Kaija; Ryhänen, Eeva-Liisa title: Viability of Lactobacillus paraplantarum DSM 14485 in human gastrointestinal tract and its molecular and biochemical identification after fermented vegetable consumption date: 2012 words: 5863 flesch: 59 summary: TNO96111, 80 TNO9611, DSM 20174 and Pho 9, Lb. pentosus Vegstart 60 and Vegstart 10 (Chr Hansen A/S, Hørsholm Denmark) and Lb. plantarum strains isolated from fermented cucumbers (investigation of MTT, Food Research) and Lactobacillus brevis DSM 20054 –strain. Lb. plantarum used as starter in cabbage juice was able to survive at 4 ºC and pH 3.6 for four weeks at a level of 107 cfu mL-1 (Yoon et al. 2006). keywords: dsm; et al; isolates; lab; lactobacillus; paraplantarum; pcr; strains cache: afs-5144.pdf plain text: afs-5144.txt item: #164 of 2310 id: afs-51446 author: Ariva, Jelena; Viira, Ants Hannes; Põldaru, Reet; Roots, Jüri title: Medium-run projections for greenhouse gas emissions arising from agriculture: the case of milk production in Estonia date: 2015 words: 9085 flesch: 58 summary: Due to the significant decline in agricultural GHG emissions, and agriculture’s relatively low (6.9%) contribution to total GHG emissions in Estonia (Estonian CRF 2014), the EU target to curb GHG emissions by 20% by 2020, com- pared to 1990, are perceived as attainable. The FAPRI-GOLD type market model of Estonian agriculture, which is used for projections of agricultural production, was supplemented with a module that helps project GHG emissions. keywords: ch4; cows; dairy; emissions; estonian; et al; ghg; ghg emissions; management; manure; milk; model; n2o; production; systems cache: afs-51446.pdf plain text: afs-51446.txt item: #165 of 2310 id: afs-51465 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pirinen, Pentti; Mäkelä, Hanna M; Hyvärinen, Otto; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Ojanen, Hannu; Venäläinen, Ari title: Spatial and temporal variation in weather events critical for boreal agriculture: I Elevated temperatures date: 2016 words: 5855 flesch: 57 summary: Interestingly, the particularly detrimental short periods with high temperature elevation were more common than lon- ger periods with a more reasonable increase in daily mean temperatures (Figs. 1a to 3b). This phenomenon was found throughout the prime agricultural region of Finland (Fig. 1a), but with some regional differences in like- lihoods for high temperature elevation. keywords: et al; finland; july; peltonen; sainio; sainio et; science; temperatures cache: afs-51465.pdf plain text: afs-51465.txt item: #166 of 2310 id: afs-51466 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pirinen, Pentti; Mäkelä, Hanna M.; Ojanen, Hannu; Venäläinen, Ari title: Spatial and temporal variation in weather events critical for boreal agriculture: II Precipitation date: 2016 words: 5797 flesch: 57 summary: Due to high variation during sowing time (Peltonen-Sainio and Jauhiainen 2014), drought taking place e.g. by mid-May, may in one year facilitate sowings in the case of late soil drying, while in another year it may, together with elevated temperatures (see Peltonen-Sainio et al. 2016b) cause too fast a soil drying, uneven seedling emergence and plant stand establishment (Mukula and Rantanen 1987, 1989, Pahkala et al. 1994, Hakala et al. 2012). Hence, even slight increases in precipitation are likely to favour crop growth when occurring during the yield determination phase (Peltonen-Sainio et al. 2011, Hakala et al. 2012). keywords: drought; et al; peltonen; precipitation; rains; sainio; sainio et; season; soil cache: afs-51466.pdf plain text: afs-51466.txt item: #167 of 2310 id: afs-51467 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Pirinen, Pentti; Laapas, Mikko; Mäkelä, Hanna M.; Ojanen, Hannu; Venäläinen, Ari title: Spatial and temporal variation in weather events critical for boreal agriculture: III Frost and winter time fluctuation date: 2016 words: 6629 flesch: 62 summary: This sub-paper is the third one of the trilogy on climatic variability in Finland, and it concentrates on presenting the variation in spring soil frost, spring snow cover and the risk of night frost for the period from early March to late September. Likelihood (%) for soil frost (≤ 0 °C at 20 cm soil depth) at nine weather stations, and late snow cover (> 1 cm) (10 km × 10 km grid) were estimated for late spring. keywords: et al; finland; frost; night; peltonen; sainio; soil; sowing; winter cache: afs-51467.pdf plain text: afs-51467.txt item: #168 of 2310 id: afs-51469 author: Linse, Lisbeth; Dahlin, A. Sigrun; Nadeau, Elisabet; Forkman, Johannes; Öborn, Ingrid title: Boron fertilisation of organically managed grass-clover swards on coarse-textured soils: effects on botanical and element composition date: 2015 words: 8630 flesch: 62 summary: Sweden 2 Soil and Environment, SLU, Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden 3Animal Environment and Health, SLU, Box 234, SE- 532 23 Skara, Sweden 4The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society Sjuhärad, Box 5007, 51405 Länghem, Sweden 5 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677-00100 Nairobi, Kenya e-mail: Lisbeth.Linse@slu.se Three trials were performed on two organic farms with dairy and suckler cows and using home-produced forage and feed crops, predominantly grass-clover ley, in order to determine whether boron (B) is a limiting factor for legumes on coarse-textured soils in an area predisposed to low B soil concentrations. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE L. Linse et al. (2015) vol 24: 261–272 266 In the analysis of plant B concentrations, there were significant interactions between (i) trial and treatment (p = 0.022), (ii) plant types and treatment (p < 0.001) and (iii) plant types and trial (p < 0.001), but the three-way interaction was not significant (p = 0.857). keywords: boron; borrarp; clover; concentrations; forage; grass; mixtures; plant; red; rådde; soil; treatment; trials; white cache: afs-51469.pdf plain text: afs-51469.txt item: #169 of 2310 id: afs-5159 author: Brod, Eva; Haraldsen, Trond Knapp; Breland, Tor Arvid title: Fertilization effects of organic waste resources and bottom wood ash: results from a pot experiment date: 2012 words: 11362 flesch: 61 summary: Due to low N:P ratios (< 2–3, Jeng et al. 2004, 2006, Ylivainio et al. 2008, Jeng and Vagstad 2009), it has previously been recommended that MBM fertilizer rates should be adjusted to the plants’ P demands and to the long term P fertilization effect of the material, rather than to N contents (Jeng et al. 2006). P fertilization effects of waste resources Even though initial contents of plant-available P in the soil were estimated to be low (P-AL, Table 5, Krogstad et al. 2008), the soil still supplied plants with sufficient P. Therefore, P fertilization effects of waste residues did not become visible in biomass production or as P uptake during the present experiment. keywords: biomass; bwa; cfs; dynea; effects; et al; fertilization; fertilizer; ha–1; mbm; plant; resources; soil; table; treatments; waste cache: afs-5159.pdf plain text: afs-5159.txt item: #170 of 2310 id: afs-52299 author: Tuunainen, Petra; Koivunen, Erja; Valaja, Jarmo; Valkonen, Eija; Hiidenhovi, Jaakko; Tupasela, Tuomo title: Effects of dietary rapeseed meal and peas on the performance and meat quality of broilers date: 2016 words: 8789 flesch: 61 summary: There were no differences in the proportional weight of the thyroid glands between control group and the birds fed with rapeseed meal diet. These variables correlate with body weight, which also was lower in rapeseed meal diets than in control diet. keywords: birds; diet; effect; et al; meal protein; pea; peas; protein; r100; rapeseed meal; soybean meal; treatments cache: afs-52299.pdf plain text: afs-52299.txt item: #171 of 2310 id: afs-52311 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju; Honkavaara, Markku title: Performance and meat quality of Nordic Red and Aberdeen Angus bulls offered faba bean or field pea based whole crop legume-cereal silages date: 2016 words: 9885 flesch: 61 summary: Crude protein, NDF and starch intakes were higher (p < 0.001) with whole crop legume silage based diets compared to GSB. The pH-value of the loin was slightly lower with whole crop legume silage based diets compared to GSB (p < 0.01). keywords: bulls; carcass; crop; et al; fatty; grass; huuskonen; meat; quality; science; silage; wheat cache: afs-52311.pdf plain text: afs-52311.txt item: #172 of 2310 id: afs-52313 author: Kononenko, Galina; Burkin, Alexey; Gavrilova, Olga; Gagkaeva, Tatiana title: Fungal species and multiple mycotoxin contamination of cultivated forage crops date: 2015 words: 5502 flesch: 60 summary: There was a sharp increase in type II forage contamination with FUM while T-2 and DON detection frequency changed only slightly, but DAS and ZEN were not found at all. The results of mycological analysis were presented as incidence, i.e., the ratio of the number of samples in which the taxon was detected (n+) to the total number of analysed sam- ples (n), and quantity, i.e., the number of CFU in 1 g of plant tissue (CFU g-1) for the positive samples of forage types. keywords: clover; forage; fungi; grasses; mixtures; mowing; mycotoxins; samples; spp; type cache: afs-52313.pdf plain text: afs-52313.txt item: #173 of 2310 id: afs-52792 author: Conesa, Encarnación; Fernández, Juan A.; Niñirola, Diana; Egea-Gilabert, Catalina title: Nutrient solution aeration and growing cycles affect quality and yield of fresh-cut baby leaf red lettuce date: 2015 words: 6945 flesch: 56 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Conesa et al. (2015) 24: 313–322 313 Manuscript received October 2015 Nutrient solution aeration and growing cycles affect quality and yield of fresh-cut baby leaf red lettuce Encarnación Conesaa, Juan A. Fernándeza,b, Diana Niñirolaa, Catalina Egea-Gilabertb,c* aProducción Vegetal, E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, C/Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain bInstituto de Biotecnología Vegetal. [LA] or high aeration [HA]) and growing cycle (autumn, winter and summer) on the yield, quality, and shelf life of red lettuce as a fresh-cut product grown in a floating system. keywords: aeration; autumn; conditions; content; cycle; et al; lettuce; nitrate; nutrient; solution; storage; summer; winter cache: afs-52792.pdf plain text: afs-52792.txt item: #174 of 2310 id: afs-52811 author: Teleszko, Mirosława; Nowicka, Paulina; Wojdyło, Aneta title: Chemical, enzymatic and physical characteristic of cloudy apple juices date: 2016 words: 7304 flesch: 61 summary: nf = not found AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Teleszko et al. (2016) 25: 34–43 38 Among the flavan-3-ols, one trimeric compound was identified in apple juices. However, some of the studies show, that the quantitative proportions between these compounds in apples and apple juices can be quite reversed. keywords: acid; activity; alwa; apple; content; et al; food; fruit; gloster; juices; l-1; pinova; pme cache: afs-52811.pdf plain text: afs-52811.txt item: #175 of 2310 id: afs-53182 author: Manevska-Tasevska, Gordana; Rabinowicz, Ewa; Surry, Yves title: Pure and compensated efficiency of Swedish dairy farms date: 2016 words: 9235 flesch: 43 summary: In the literature during the past decade, diversification of farm activities has regularly been related to positive economic results in terms of farm efficiency (Hadley 2006, Hansson 2007, Barnes and Revoredo-Giha 2011) and farm viability (Barnes et al. 2015). The main objective of this study was thus to examine whether the environmental agricultural support provided within the Pillar II framework has succeeded in eliminating the influence of regional differences in potential for agriculture and output-reducing farm management practices on farm efficiency. keywords: agricultural; capital; cte; density; efficiency; farm; farming; livestock; output; period; production; pte; region; revenue; support cache: afs-53182.pdf plain text: afs-53182.txt item: #176 of 2310 id: afs-53275 author: Niemi, Jyrki; Liu, Xing title: Empirical “first-filter” test for the existence of buyer power in the Finnish food supply chain date: 2016 words: 6234 flesch: 55 summary:    1 ' AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. Niemi & X. Liu (2016) 25: 177–186 182 Data We apply the test method of Lloyd et al. (2009) to assess whether we can reject perfect competition in Finnish food supply chain using the best available market-level data on food price indices at retail (R) and producer (P) levels. The functioning of the food supply chain and its effect on food prices in the European Union. keywords: agricultural; buyer; chain; food; market; power; price; producer; retail; supply; test cache: afs-53275.pdf plain text: afs-53275.txt item: #177 of 2310 id: afs-53381 author: Kviklys, Darius; Čeidaitė, Alina; Lanauskas, Juozas; Uselis, Nobertas; Samuolienė, Giedrė title: The effect of rootstock on apple tree bearing stability in a cooler climate date: 2016 words: 4134 flesch: 68 summary: On the average of both cultivars according to tree growth control, apple rootstocks are divided into the follow- ing groups: super-dwarfing – PB.4, P 61, P 59, P 22 and Pure 1, dwarfing – M.9, B.396, P 62, P 66 and P 67, and Breeding of apple rootstocks in Po- land – the latest results. keywords: abi; apple; average; bearing; rootstocks; yield cache: afs-53381.pdf plain text: afs-53381.txt item: #178 of 2310 id: afs-53632 author: Święch, Ewa; Raj, Stanislawa; Pastuszewska, Barbara; Taciak, Marcin; Bartkowiak-Broda, Iwona; Smulikowska, Stefania title: Nutritional value of yellow-seeded winter rapeseed cakes for growing pigs date: 2016 words: 8015 flesch: 59 summary: r = correlation coefficient AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Święch et al. (2016) 25: 99–110 108 In the present study, ATTD of protein did not differ between diets containing rapeseed cakes and the control diet containing SBM, or among rapeseed cake diets themselves. × 100 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Święch et al. (2016) 25: 99–110 103 Additionally, the mean values of AID of protein and AA in the diets were further used for calculation of the AID of protein and AA of rapeseed cakes by the difference method using the following formula: AIDRC – apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of rapeseed cake AIDRCD – apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of the rapeseed cake diet AIDW – apparent ileal digestibility of protein/AA of wheat CP/AAW – contribution level of protein/AA in rapeseed cake diet originating from wheat CP/AARC – contribution level of protein/AA in rapeseed cake diet originating from rapeseed cake The SID of protein and AA were estimated from the AID of protein and AA using tabulated values of basal endog- enous AA losses (Jansman et al., 2002) according to the following formula: SIDRC – standardized ileal digestibility of protein/AA in rapeseed cake AIDRC – apparent ileal digestibility of protein in rapeseed cake bEPL/bEAAL – basal endogenous protein/AA losses CP/AARC – content of CP/AA in rapeseed cake The calculation of ATTD of nutrients and fibre fractions in the diets was based on the chromium content in diets and faeces using the following formula: ATTDD – apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients/fibre fractions in the diet CrD – chromium concentration in the diet CrF – chromium concentration in the faeces ND – nutrient/fibre fractions concentration in the diet NF – nutrient/fibre fractions concentration in the faeces The ME of diets was calculated based on the content of digestible nutrients using the following formula according to GfE (2008): ME (MJ kg-1 DM) = 0.0205 x dP (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0398 dF (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0173 x St (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0160 x Su (g kg-1 DM) + 0.0147 x (dOM – dP – dF – St – Su) (g kg-1 DM) dOM – digestible organic matter dP – digestible protein dF – digestible fat St – starch Su – sugar The results were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the GLM procedure of STATISTICA 10 software (StatSoft 2011). keywords: brc; cake; content; diets; digestibility; fibre; pigs; protein; rapeseed; yellow; yrc cache: afs-53632.pdf plain text: afs-53632.txt item: #179 of 2310 id: afs-55533 author: Lötjönen, Timo; Salonen, Jukka title: Intensifying bare fallow strategies to control Elymus repens in organic soils date: 2016 words: 7382 flesch: 65 summary: 1) were not effective enough against E. repens. In the late summer fallow after ley (exp. 2), the Kvick-Finn weed-cultivator destroyed E. repens very effectively; on average 5% of E. repens remained alive in the barley crop in the autumn of the following year. keywords: autumn; barley; control; cultivator; experiment; fallow; ploughing; repens; spring; treatments cache: afs-55533.pdf plain text: afs-55533.txt item: #180 of 2310 id: afs-55534 author: Konieczny, Anna; Kowalska, Iwona title: The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in zinc uptake by lettuce grown at two phosphorus levels in the substrate date: 2016 words: 9107 flesch: 62 summary: Zn n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. P The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of two AMF, i.e., Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices on Zn uptake by lettuce plants grown at two P levels and elevated concentrations of Zn in a peat substrate. keywords: amf; concentration; content; effect; intraradices; lettuce; mg zn; mosseae; mycorrhizal; n.s; n.s n.s; plants; substrate; uptake; zn n.s cache: afs-55534.pdf plain text: afs-55534.txt item: #181 of 2310 id: afs-55539 author: Guo, Zhiqing; Pfohl, Katharina; Karlovsky, Petr; Dehne, Heinz-Wilhelm; Altincicek, Boran title: Fumonisin B1 and beauvericin accumulation in wheat kernels after seed-borne infection with Fusarium proliferatum date: 2016 words: 4669 flesch: 54 summary: Recently, F. proliferatum and its mycotox- in fumonisin were found in wheat grains. F. proliferatum strains originating from different hosts were able to infect wheat via seeds. keywords: beauvericin; dna; et al; fumonisin; fusarium; kernels; maize; plants; proliferatum; strains; wheat cache: afs-55539.pdf plain text: afs-55539.txt item: #182 of 2310 id: afs-5605 author: KAUSTELL, K.; MÄNTYSAARI, E.; HUHTANEN, P. title: Concentrate feeding and milk yield based on the field data of milk recorded herds date: 1998 words: 8588 flesch: 68 summary: Also the CP content of concentrates increased with increasing concentrate intake. In short term feeding experiments increase in concentrate intake have resulted in smaller responses in milk yield than in longer complete lactation experiments (Wiktorsson 1979). keywords: concentrates; feeding; intake; milk; n c; n d cache: afs-5605.pdf plain text: afs-5605.txt item: #183 of 2310 id: afs-5606 author: YLI-HALLA, M.; MOKMA, D. title: Soil temperature regimes in Finland date: 1998 words: 3464 flesch: 63 summary: Also the build-up and decomposition of organic matter is influ- enced by soil temperature. Even though this relationship holds in most of the USA, it does not hold for exam- ple in Alaska and the Great Lakes States, where soil temperature is substantially higher than that predicted from air temperature, owing to insula- tion by snow (Smith 1986). keywords: air; finland; mean; soil; temperature cache: afs-5606.pdf plain text: afs-5606.txt item: #184 of 2310 id: afs-5607 author: SORMUNEN-CRISTIAN, R.; TAPONEN, S.; SAASTAMOINEN, I. title: Yellow-flowered lucerne: Properties and influence on performance and reproduction of ewes date: 1998 words: 5986 flesch: 68 summary: On pasture G ewes increased their weight by 5.0 kg and L ewes on average by 2.5 kg. L ewes received lucerne silage and G ewes timothy-fescue silage ad libitum. keywords: coumestrol; e n; ewes; feeding; grass; lucerne; mating; n c; n d; plant; silage cache: afs-5607.pdf plain text: afs-5607.txt item: #185 of 2310 id: afs-5608 author: PIRINEN, H.; DALMAN, P.; KÄRENLAMPI, S. title: Description of three new arctic bramble cultivars and proposal for cultivar identification date: 1998 words: 6946 flesch: 72 summary: Descriptions of arctic bramble cultivars On the basis of yield and morphological charac- ters, three arctic bramble strains have been re- leased for cultivation under the cultivar names Marika, Muuruska and Elpee. Description of arctic bramble cultivars The second best cropper was strain 4, i.e. ‘Marika’, the best yield being 2.4 times that of ‘Pima’. keywords: arctic; bramble; cultivars; e n; n c; n d; pima; strains cache: afs-5608.pdf plain text: afs-5608.txt item: #186 of 2310 id: afs-5609 author: KORPELA, S. title: Pest status and incidence of the honey bee tracheal mite in Finland date: 1998 words: 4296 flesch: 70 summary: This increase may be partly explained by tracheal mite infestations found in commercial queen-rearing apiaries. The purpose of my study was to investigate the incidence of the tracheal mite in Finland and to evaluate the damage caused to wintering bees by mite infestations. keywords: bee; bees; colonies; finland; honey; mite; n c; n d; samples; tracheal cache: afs-5609.pdf plain text: afs-5609.txt item: #187 of 2310 id: afs-5610 author: SUOJALA, T.; SALO, T.; PESSALA, R. title: Effects of fertilisation and irrigation practices on yield, maturity and storability of onions date: 1998 words: 6316 flesch: 70 summary: The yield benefit from increasing N fertilisation from 50 to 100 kg/ha was only 5.5%. The timing of N fertilisation is crucial: in Brewster’s study (1990b) delaying N fertilisa- tion until 2 August resulted in a significant de- lay in maturity compared to fertilisation before sowing. keywords: fertilisation; irrigation; n c; n d; onions; storage cache: afs-5610.pdf plain text: afs-5610.txt item: #188 of 2310 id: afs-5611 author: NÄRHINEN, M.; NISSINEN, A.; PENTTILÄ, P.-L. title: Salt content labelling of foods in supermarkets in Finland date: 1998 words: 3651 flesch: 71 summary: The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which lightly salted food products are included in the assortments of Finnish supermarkets and prominently placed on shelves. Salt content labelling of foods in supermarkets in Finland Maria Närhinen Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Finland. keywords: finland; food; health; n c; n d; products; salt cache: afs-5611.pdf plain text: afs-5611.txt item: #189 of 2310 id: afs-5612 author: JAAKKOLA, A.; SIMOJOKI, A. title: Effect of soil wetness on air composition and nitrous oxide emission in a loam soil date: 1998 words: 5939 flesch: 70 summary: Low O 2 concentration in soil air has been shown to retard plant growth independently of soil wet- ness in experiments where soil air composition is artificially regulated (e.g. Jaakkola et al. 1990). Cropping and irrigation lowered O 2 (minimum 3–7%) and raised CO 2 (maximum 9%) in soil air, but fertilization had no effect. keywords: air; concentration; effect; irrigation; n c; n d; soil cache: afs-5612.pdf plain text: afs-5612.txt item: #190 of 2310 id: afs-56122 author: Koivunen, Erja; Talvio, Eija; Valkonen, Eija; Tupasela, Tuomo; Tuunainen, Petra; Valaja, Jarmo title: Use of semi-leafless peas (Pisum sativum L) with enzyme addition in diets for broilers date: 2016 words: 7020 flesch: 62 summary: Dietary pea inclusion improved FCR of the birds from the control to level of 150 g kg-1, but declined with levels of 300 and 450 g kg-1 (cubic effect of pea inclusion, p ≤ 0,001). AMS (Brenes et al. 2003) or PRT (Igbasan and Guenter 1996) into pea diets have not produced positive response in the growth of birds or the positive effects have been depending on the pea cultivar used. keywords: diets; inclusion; kg-1; pea; peas; science cache: afs-56122.pdf plain text: afs-56122.txt item: #191 of 2310 id: afs-5613 author: KÄNKÄNEN, H.; KANGAS, A.; MELA, T. title: Timing incorporation of different green manure crops to minimize the risk of nitrogen leaching date: 1998 words: 8848 flesch: 67 summary: The decomposition rate could be influenced by soil mineral N content, as shown in the experiment by Mary et al. (1996), where low soil mineral N slowed down the de- composition rate of wheat straw residues. Discussion The N content of incorporated plant material had a crucial effect on mineral soil N content after incorporation, as shown also in earlier experi- ments (Smith and Sharpley 1990, Marstorp and Kirchmann 1991, Vinther 1994). keywords: autumn; barley; content; crop; effect; green; incorporation; n c; n d; ploughing; soil; spring; trials cache: afs-5613.pdf plain text: afs-5613.txt item: #192 of 2310 id: afs-5614 author: TURTOLA, E.; KEMPPAINEN, E. title: Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in surface runoff and drainage water after application of slurry and mineral fertilizer to perennial grass ley date: 1998 words: 7663 flesch: 68 summary: Surface runoff averaged 40–52% of the annual total runoff (Table 5), the proportion of surface runoff being in autumn, winter-spring and summer 11–30%, 95–96% and 73–88%, respectively. Surface runoff losses of phosphorus and oth- er nutrient elements from fertilized grassland. keywords: application; autumn; drainage; ley; losses; n c; n d; runoff; slurry; soil; surface; water cache: afs-5614.pdf plain text: afs-5614.txt item: #193 of 2310 id: afs-5615 author: KIISKINEN, T.; HELANDER, E. title: Effects of restricted methionine and energy intake on egg weight and shell quality : research note date: 1998 words: 4642 flesch: 70 summary: Research Note Effects of restricted methionine and energy intake on egg weight and shell quality Tuomo Kiiskinen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Eija Helander Suomen Rehu Oy, PO Box 105, FIN-00241 Helsinki, Finland An experiment involving two laying hen hybrids and four dietary treatments was conducted to study the effects of dietary methionine restriction (MR) (3,05 g/kg, MR 100; 2,65 g/kg, MR 87; 2,25 g/kg, MR 74) and energy restriction (ER) on egg production assessed as egg weight, egg weight classification and shell quality of eggs during the later laying phase from 46 to 70 wk of age. keywords: egg; methionine; n c; n d; restriction; weight cache: afs-5615.pdf plain text: afs-5615.txt item: #194 of 2310 id: afs-5616 author: TAURIAINEN, S.; SANKARI, S.; PYÖRÄLÄ, S. title: Effect of anionic salts in concentrate mixture and calcium intake on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and feed intake of dry pregnant cows on grass silage based feeding date: 1998 words: 6546 flesch: 69 summary: Effect of anionic salts on dry cows I metabolic acidosis increases ionised Ca [Ca2+] in the blood (Bushinsky et al. 1985). Effect of anionic salts on dry cows I Cows were housed and fed in individual tie stalls with free access to drinking water. keywords: cows; dcab; e n; high; low; n c; n d cache: afs-5616.pdf plain text: afs-5616.txt item: #195 of 2310 id: afs-5617 author: TAURIAINEN, S.; SANKARI, S.; PYÖRÄLÄ, S. title: Effect of anionic salts in concentrate mixture and magnesium intake on some blood and urine minerals and acid-base balance of dry pregnant cows on grass silage based feeding date: 1998 words: 5467 flesch: 69 summary: According to Finnish feeding standards for dairy cows (Tuori et al. 1995), the recommen- dation for dietary Mg intake is 17 g Mg/d dur- ing the dry period. Effect of anionic salts on dry cows II ber et al. 1983, Braak, van de et al. 1987a, Sam- son et al. 1983). keywords: cows; dcab; high; n c; n d cache: afs-5617.pdf plain text: afs-5617.txt item: #196 of 2310 id: afs-5618 author: MÄKELÄ, P.; ARCHIBOLD, W. O.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. title: Wild rice - a potential new crop for Finland date: 1998 words: 9205 flesch: 70 summary: Wild rice in Finnish crop production date synchrony in wild rice. Wild rice (Zizania palustris L.), an aquatic grass that grows naturally in lakes and slowly flowing rivers in North America, has been used as a food for thousands of years by some aboriginal tribes. keywords: archibold; c e; canada; canadian; crop; e n; extension; finland; journal; minnesota; n c; n d; oelke; palustris; plant; production; rice; seeds; water; wild; zizania cache: afs-5618.pdf plain text: afs-5618.txt item: #197 of 2310 id: afs-5619 author: TAURIAINEN, S.; SANKARI, S.; SYRJÄLÄ-QVIST, L. title: Effect of anionic salts in concentrate mixture on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and feed intake of dry pregnant cows on grass silage based feeding with high calcium intake date: 1998 words: 4768 flesch: 67 summary: Experimental diets were: Diet 1; high DCAB (control), Diet 2; low DCAB. High DCAB 8.57 8.62 8.66 8.55 8.51 8.51 8.58 Low DCAB 8.57 7.19 7.25 7.60 7.84 8.55 8.47 sem 0.058 0.324 0.367 0.278 0.214 0.035 0.043 DCAB ** DCAB * 1) sem = standard error of means 2) Ca/creatinine, mmol/mmol 3) DCAB = high DCAB vs low DCAB 4) P < 0.05 *, P < 0.01 **, P < 0.001 *** 5) keywords: cows; dcab; high; low; n d cache: afs-5619.pdf plain text: afs-5619.txt item: #198 of 2310 id: afs-5620 author: HARRI, M.; MONONEN, J.; REKILÄ, T. title: Comparison of two breeding systems for timing of whelpings in farmed silver foxes (Research Note) date: 1999 words: 3098 flesch: 64 summary: Present and future use of artificial insemination in fox breeding in Fin- land. Key words: fur farming, housing, mating system, vixens Introduction At the earliest stage of fox farming it was a com- mon practice to keep silver foxes in a large com- munal enclosure. keywords: breeding; kuopio; n d; vixens cache: afs-5620.pdf plain text: afs-5620.txt item: #199 of 2310 id: afs-5621 author: SUOMI, K.; PARTANEN, K.; ALAVIUHKOLA, T. title: Effect of supplemental vitamin E on the performance of growing-finishing pigs fed stored versus freshly harvested barley and on the storage stability and eating quality of frozen pork date: 1999 words: 6236 flesch: 62 summary: Pigs were fed isoenergetic barley-soybean meal diets and vitamin E was rationed on the top of feed, a 2-d dose at a time. Stored and freshly harvested barley contained 33.5 and 31.2 mg/kg of vitamin E in the beginning and 33.0 and 38.7 mg/kg at the end of the study, respectively. keywords: barley; content; n d; pigs; supplementation; vitamin; vitamin e cache: afs-5621.pdf plain text: afs-5621.txt item: #200 of 2310 id: afs-5622 author: PÄÄKKÖNEN, K.; HAVENTO, J.; GALAMBOSI, B. title: Infrared drying of herbs (Research Note) date: 1999 words: 4254 flesch: 70 summary: Conclusions The original fresh material was the essential fac- tor determining the quality of dried herbs. Consequently, a combined infrared-convec- tion process is a potentially useful method for drying herbs, giving high drying rates at low dry- ing temperatures. keywords: drying; e n; infrared; n c; n d; temperature cache: afs-5622.pdf plain text: afs-5622.txt item: #201 of 2310 id: afs-5623 author: HARALDSEN, T.K. title: Effects of cattle slurry and cultivation on air exchange in sandy and silty soils from northern Norway date: 1999 words: 8982 flesch: 67 summary: N 2 O, CO 2 and O 2 con- centrations in soil air influenced by organic and inor- ganic fertilizers and soil compaction. Although soil air permeability per se is not a particularly important aeration parameter, it does reflect the soil’s water permeability (McAfee et al. 1989). keywords: air; diffusivity; e n; gas; n c; n d; pasvik; porosity; slurry; soil; tana; virgin; water cache: afs-5623.pdf plain text: afs-5623.txt item: #202 of 2310 id: afs-5624 author: SALO, T. title: Effects of band placement and nitrogen rate on dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen uptake of cabbage, carrot and onion date: 1999 words: 39283 flesch: 72 summary: High N rates often resulted in high N concentrations and N uptakes, but growth was not necessarily increased. Towards harvest differences between application methods de- creased, although in 1993, placement of N still led to 6% lower cabbage yields than broadcasting of N. In 1993, high N rates increased cabbage dry weight and N uptake towards harvest, and this effect was more pronounced when N was broadcast. keywords: application; band; broadcast; c e; c u; cabbage; carrot; concentration; crop; dap; e n; fertilizer; g r; growth; harvest; kg ha-1; l t; matter; mean; method; n =; n c; n d; n rate; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilizer; onion; placement; plant; planting; rates; roots; sampling; soil; table; treatments; u l; uptake; yield cache: afs-5624.pdf plain text: afs-5624.txt item: #203 of 2310 id: afs-5625 author: BREDBACKA, P.; KOSKINEN, M.T. title: Microsatellite panels suggested for parentage testing in cattle: informativeness revealed in Finnish Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian populations (Research Note) date: 1999 words: 2711 flesch: 58 summary: Key words: animal identification, bovine, exclusion probability, microsatellite Introduction Correct assignment of livestock pedigrees is par- ticularly important when artificial insemination is widely used, as for example in cattle: errors have a direct effect to the genetic response (Aren- donk et al. 1998). Microsatell i tes BM2113, ETH3 and TGLA227 exhibited very high polymorphism with exclusion probabilities exceeding 52% in both breeds. keywords: n d cache: afs-5625.pdf plain text: afs-5625.txt item: #204 of 2310 id: afs-5626 author: KHALILI, H.; KUUSELA, E.; SAARISALO, E. title: Use of rapeseed and pea grain protein supplements for organic milk production date: 1999 words: 8020 flesch: 67 summary: Milk protein content was higher (P<0.05) with RSM than with organic protein supplements. Addition of oil/ fatty acids has decreased milk protein content (Mohamed et al. 1988, Tesfa 1992, Khalili et al. 1997) as was observed also with RCSO diet. keywords: diet; fat; intake; kg-1; milk; n c; n d; production; protein; rapeseed; rsm; silage cache: afs-5626.pdf plain text: afs-5626.txt item: #205 of 2310 id: afs-5627 author: KORHONEN, H.T.; JAUHIAINEN, L.; NIEMELÄ, P. title: Effect of enlarged cage space and access to earthen floor on locomotor and digging activity of blue foxes date: 1999 words: 6953 flesch: 71 summary: The first argument for this is that blue foxes are expected to have difficulties to exercising adequetly on wire-mesh flooring. In a choice experiment in which a wire-mesh floor cage was equipped with a tran- sit tunnel allowing free access to an earthen pen, blue foxes used both sections quite frequently for locomotion, but preferred wire-mesh floor for resting (Korhonen and Niemelä 1997). keywords: activity; behaviour; cage; digging; e n; floor; foxes; mesh; n c; n d; wire cache: afs-5627.pdf plain text: afs-5627.txt item: #206 of 2310 id: afs-5628 author: YLI-VIIKARI, A. title: Indicators for sustainable agriculture - a theoretical framework for classifying and assessing indicators date: 1999 words: 11942 flesch: 52 summary: Environmental indicators. Environmental indicators for agriculture. keywords: agriculture; c e; c u; data; development; e n; environment; indicators; information; landscape; methods; n c; n d; oecd; quality; soil; sustainability; u l; use cache: afs-5628.pdf plain text: afs-5628.txt item: #207 of 2310 id: afs-5629 author: KÄNKÄNEN, H.; KANGAS, A.; MELA, T. title: The effect of incorporation time of different crops on the residual effect on spring cereals date: 1999 words: 8325 flesch: 67 summary: Grain yields pre- sented below are calculated as the means over N fertilization levels, because N fertilization nor- mally increased the grain yield in spite of other treatments. Statistical significances of the main effects of the treatments and their interactions on grain yield of 1st year test crop (spring barley) and 2nd year test crop (oats). keywords: autumn; crop; effect; grain; grain yield; incorporation; n c; n d; ploughing; precrop; spring; test; year; yield cache: afs-5629.pdf plain text: afs-5629.txt item: #208 of 2310 id: afs-5630 author: VESTBERG, M.; CARDOSO, M.; MÅRTENSSON, A. title: Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different cropping systems at Cochabamba, Bolivia (Research Note) date: 1999 words: 5248 flesch: 64 summary: Key words: AMF spore densities, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, cropping systems, diversity index, Glomales Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are amongst the most commonly occurring soil fun- gi (Gerdemann 1968) and are associated with about 80% of terrestrial plants in most vegeta- tion types (Gianinazzi and Gianinazzi-Pearson 1986). The mycorrhizal diversity measured with the Shannon- Wiener index did however not differ very much between cropping systems. keywords: cropping; e n; fungi; glomus; mycorrhizal; n c; n d; soil; species; spore; systems cache: afs-5630.pdf plain text: afs-5630.txt item: #209 of 2310 id: afs-5631 author: PELTOVUORI, T. title: Precision of commercial soil testing practice for phosphorus fertilizer recommendations in Finland date: 1999 words: 5594 flesch: 58 summary: According to the anal- Fig. 2. Soil texture and contours of soil P test results (mg dm-3) of the test field used for sampling simulation. Errors in soil texture and OM determinations are common and they are likely to lead to errors in soil P clas- sification and in P input planning. keywords: 3–5.9; n c; n d; results; sampling; sand; soil; test cache: afs-5631.pdf plain text: afs-5631.txt item: #210 of 2310 id: afs-5632 author: OLLILAINEN, V.-M. title: HPLC analysis of vitamin B6 in foods date: 1999 words: 58259 flesch: 58 summary: I N L A N D Ollilainen, V. HPLC analysis of vitamin B 6 in foods 2.1 Chemical and physical prop- erties of vitamin B 6 compounds 2.1.1 Nomenclature and chemical structures Free and phosphorylated vitamers Vitamin B 6 compounds can be classified as de- rivatives of 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (Fig. 1). I N L A N D Ollilainen, V. HPLC analysis of vitamin B 6 in foods neous determination of vitamins B 2 (riboflavin) and B6 (pyridoxine) in infant formula products by reversed phase liquid chromatography. keywords: acid; acid extraction; activity; analysis; beef; buffer; c e; c u; chemical; chemistry; chromatography; column; compounds; content; d vol; data; determination; distribution; e n; enzyme; et al; extraction; fig; flour; fluorescence; food; food analysis; forms; fraction; free; g r; glucoside; gregory; hplc; hydrolysis; journal; l t; liquid; method; milk; mobile; n c; n d; nutrition; ollilainen; peak; perchloric; performance; phase; phosphate; plant; plp; pmp; present; procedure; pyridoxal; pyridoxine; pyridoxine glucoside; results; retention; sample; separation; solution; standard; studies; study; table; u l; usa; values; vitamers; vitamin analysis; vitamin b; wheat; ° c cache: afs-5632.pdf plain text: afs-5632.txt item: #211 of 2310 id: afs-5633 author: LANKOSKI, J.; OLLIKAINEN, M. title: The environmental effectiveness of alternative agri-environmental policy reforms: theoretical and empirical analysis date: 1999 words: 5987 flesch: 54 summary: However, an environmental policy reform which compensates for the increase in the fertilizer tax by higher buffer zone subsidy had the strongest reductive effect on nutrient runoff since the fertilizer tax and buffer zone subsidy reinforced each other. The environmental effectiveness of alternative agri-environmental policy reforms: theoretical and empirical analysis Jussi Lankoski Agricultural Economics Research Institute, PO Box 3, FIN-00411 Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: jussi.lankoski@mttl.fi Markku Ollikainen Department of Economics, PO Box 54, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland This paper analyzes alternative agri-environmental policy reforms to reduce nutrient runoff when the government has price support, fertilizer tax, buffer zone subsidy and acreage subsidy as available instruments. keywords: buffer; environmental; fertilizer; n c; n d; nitrogen; policy; subsidy; zone cache: afs-5633.pdf plain text: afs-5633.txt item: #212 of 2310 id: afs-5634 author: ALAKUKKU, L. title: Subsoil compaction due to wheel traffic. date: 1999 words: 11664 flesch: 68 summary: Although Hadas (1994) argues that subsoil compaction constitutes a problem with- in the realm of soil compaction in general and should not be a special field of research, some important differences between topsoil and sub- soil compaction nevertheless exist. The machinery traffic that causes soil compaction, which may be defined as an increase in bulk density, also causes non- volumetric changes in soil structure. keywords: axle; clay; compaction; contact; crop; e n; effects; field; ground; load; n c; n d; research; soil; stress; subsoil; subsoil compaction; tillage; traffic; wheel cache: afs-5634.pdf plain text: afs-5634.txt item: #213 of 2310 id: afs-5635 author: THUNEBERG-SELONEN, T.; PÖSÖ, J.; MÄNTYSAARI, E. title: Use of individual race results in the estimation of genetic parameters of trotting performance for Finnhorse and Standardbred trotters date: 1999 words: 5368 flesch: 61 summary: Influence of age, gait and sex upon number of races, money won and race times. In a few studies individual race records have been used as a basis of breeding value esti- mation and the factors affecting single race events have been taken into account. keywords: c e; c u; e n; effect; n c; n d; race; time; trotters; year cache: afs-5635.pdf plain text: afs-5635.txt item: #214 of 2310 id: afs-5636 author: SHINGFIELD, K.J.; JOKELA, M.; KAUSTELL, K. title: Association between protein feeding and reproductive efficiency in the dairy cow: specific emphasis on protein feeding in Finland date: 1999 words: 17152 flesch: 56 summary: Effects of dietary protein concentration on lactating cows. Kaim et al. (1983) reported that pregnancy rates were lower in cows with a PUC of 360 mg/l com- pared to cows with a PUC of 193 mg/l. A urea concentration in blood exceeding 429 mg/l has also been reported to be associated with reduced conception rates (Ferguson et al. 1988, 1993). keywords: c e; concentrations; conception; content; cows; dairy; dairy cows; e n; efficiency; energy; et al; feeding; herds; journal; milk; n c; n d; production; protein; protein feeding; rumen; science; u l; urea cache: afs-5636.pdf plain text: afs-5636.txt item: #215 of 2310 id: afs-5637 author: RISKU-NORJA, H. title: The total material requirement -concept applied to agriculture: a case study from Finland date: 1999 words: 10594 flesch: 60 summary: When assessing the volumes of material flows, the use of natural resources caused by the domestic consumption abroad must also be accounted for. Material flows of the Finnish agriculture in 1970–1997 The present level and development trends in use of natural resources are described as a time se- ries extending from 1970 to 1997. keywords: accounting; agriculture; c e; c u; consumption; development; e n; ecoefficiency; economy; energy; finland; flows; material; material flows; mfa; n c; n d; production; resources; tmr; u l; use cache: afs-5637.pdf plain text: afs-5637.txt item: #216 of 2310 id: afs-5638 author: IKONEN, T.; RUOTTINEN, O.; SYVÄOJA, E.-L. title: Effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on yield and composition of Emmental cheese date: 1999 words: 7052 flesch: 69 summary: Effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on yield and composition of Emmental cheese Tiina Ikonen, Outi Ruottinen Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: tiina.ikonen@helsinki.fi Eeva-Liisa Syväoja, Kimmo Saarinen Valio Ltd., Research and Development, PO Box 10, FIN-00039 Valio, Finland Eero Pahkala Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Food Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Matti Ojala Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland The effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on cheese yield, and on composition of cheese and cheese whey was estimated using milks that were collected from two herd groups each consisting of 4 herds. The herd groups differed from one another in milk coagulation properties. keywords: cheese; coagulation; content; group; herds; milk; n d; properties; yield cache: afs-5638.pdf plain text: afs-5638.txt item: #217 of 2310 id: afs-5639 author: PIETOLA, L.; TANNI, R.; ELONEN, P. title: Responses of yield and N use of spring sown crops to N fertilization, with special reference to the use of plant growth regulators date: 1999 words: 9045 flesch: 75 summary: PGR use showed negative response to N yields (3 to 12 kg ha-1) at N rates of 30–120 kg ha-1 in 1995, with the grain yield decrease. PGR use increased N yields only at the N rate of 120 kg ha-1, in 1994 (i.e., 3 kg ha-1 ) keywords: c e; c u; e n; fertilization; ha-1; n c; n d; pgr+; rates; u l; yield cache: afs-5639.pdf plain text: afs-5639.txt item: #218 of 2310 id: afs-5640 author: HAKALA, K.; HELIÖ, R.; TUHKANEN, E.-M. title: Photosynthesis and Rubisco kinetics in spring wheat and meadow fescue under conditions of simulated climate change with elevated CO2 and increased temperatures date: 1999 words: 8788 flesch: 62 summary: The substomatal cavi- ty concentration of CO 2 in wheat flag leaves was on average 75% (ambient temperatures) to 82% (elevated temperatures) and that of meadow fes- cue leaves 62% higher in eCO 2 than in aCO 2 (Fig. 4). The total activity of Rubisco in wheat flag leaves varied between 90 and 120 µmol CO 2 m-2s-1. keywords: ambient; e n; fescue; leaves; meadow; n c; n d; photosynthesis; rubisco; wheat cache: afs-5640.pdf plain text: afs-5640.txt item: #219 of 2310 id: afs-5641 author: LINDÉN, L.; SEPPÄNEN, M.; VÄINÖLÄ, A. title: Cold hardiness research on agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland date: 1999 words: 12188 flesch: 64 summary: Many have been lost due to cold winters and poor adaptation during subsequent years. The apple breeding program at MTT aimed at developing winter hardy cultivars, and five cultivars were released (Säkö 1985a). keywords: acclimation; agricultural; breeding; c e; c u; cultivars; e n; field; finland; freezing; frost; hardiness; injury; n c; n d; plants; species; survival; tolerance; u l; winter cache: afs-5641.pdf plain text: afs-5641.txt item: #220 of 2310 id: afs-5642 author: PELTONEN, S. title: Induced defence responses of cereals to pathogen attack date: 1999 words: 14716 flesch: 63 summary: It is by no means a phenomenon limited or specific to transgenic plants express- ing resistance to PVY but is dealt with in this review because it provides a new and most like- ly broadly applicable concept for understanding the function of transgenic virus resistance and also natural, induced resistance to viruses in plants. Homology-dependent resistance: transgenic virus resistance in plants related to ho- mology-dependent gene-silencing. keywords: cell; e n; et al; expression; gene; infection; journal; mosaic; n c; n d; plants; potato; potato virus; protein; ptgs; pvy; pvyo; resistance; rna; silencing; tobacco; transgenic; transgenic plants; virology; virus; virus resistance; viruses cache: afs-5642.pdf plain text: afs-5642.txt item: #221 of 2310 id: afs-5643 author: MÄKI-VALKAMA, T.; VALKONEN, J.P.T title: Pathogen derived resistance to Potato virus Y: mechanisms and risks date: 1999 words: 14716 flesch: 63 summary: It is by no means a phenomenon limited or specific to transgenic plants express- ing resistance to PVY but is dealt with in this review because it provides a new and most like- ly broadly applicable concept for understanding the function of transgenic virus resistance and also natural, induced resistance to viruses in plants. Homology-dependent resistance: transgenic virus resistance in plants related to ho- mology-dependent gene-silencing. keywords: cell; e n; et al; expression; gene; infection; journal; mosaic; n c; n d; plants; potato; potato virus; protein; ptgs; pvy; pvyo; resistance; rna; silencing; tobacco; transgenic; transgenic plants; virology; virus; virus resistance; viruses cache: afs-5643.pdf plain text: afs-5643.txt item: #222 of 2310 id: afs-5644 author: MANNINEN, M.; ARONEN, I.; HUHTA, H. title: Effect of feeding level and diet type on the performance of crossbred suckler cows and their calves date: 2000 words: 8777 flesch: 69 summary: Cow diet, feeding level or sex of the calf had no affect on the incidence of calving diffi- culty (Table 4). Urea-treated straw proved to be a suitable winter feed for spring calving suckler cows. keywords: calf; calving; cows; diet; e n; effect; feeding; feeding level; level; n c; n d; performance; straw; urea cache: afs-5644.pdf plain text: afs-5644.txt item: #223 of 2310 id: afs-5645 author: SANKARI, H. title: Bast fibre content, fibre yield and fibre quality of different linseed genotypes date: 2000 words: 5356 flesch: 71 summary: At the moment, only a limited amount of in- formation is available concerning the physical properties and processing of linseed fibres (Rei- jonen 1998). Use of linseed fibre is being considered for several products, but as yet our knowledge of the physical properties of linseed fibre is inade- quate. keywords: bast; bor; content; fibre; flax; genotypes; helmi; linseed; stem; yield cache: afs-5645.pdf plain text: afs-5645.txt item: #224 of 2310 id: afs-5646 author: SUOJALA, T. title: Growth of and partitioning between shoot and storage root of carrot in a northern climate date: 2000 words: 4582 flesch: 70 summary: Cultivars Hole et al. (1987) reported that cultivars with a high root yield tend to have high shoot weights. It would seem that partitioning to leaf production at an early stage, resulting in a high- er shoot to root ratio, ensures a potential for high biomass production and high root weight (Hole et al. 1987). keywords: e n; growth; leaf; n c; n d; root; shoot; weight cache: afs-5646.pdf plain text: afs-5646.txt item: #225 of 2310 id: afs-5647 author: UUSITALO, R.; TUHKANEN, H.-R. title: Phosphorus saturation of Finnish soils: evaluating an easy oxalate extraction method date: 2000 words: 5202 flesch: 65 summary: Even though AER cannot extract all P from Al and Fe oxide surfaces at low P saturation, P sorption by Al- QS and Fe-QS shaken in solutions containing 250 ppm P suggested fairly similar α values for the soils studied: Al Fe P(250) sorption α ——————mmol/kg——————— Al-QS 165 0 18.6 0.11 Fe-QS 0 62 8.4 0.14 There was no exchangeable or dissolved Ca present when Al-QS and Fe-QS were shaken in P solution. Soil inorganic P was characterised by sequentially extracting P from the fractions assumed to be connected to Al and Fe compounds and present as the stable apatitic form. keywords: n c; n d; soils; sorption cache: afs-5647.pdf plain text: afs-5647.txt item: #226 of 2310 id: afs-5648 author: SIPPOLA, J. title: Estimation of soil nitrate in the spring as a basis for adjustment of nitrogen fertiliser rates date: 2000 words: 3019 flesch: 58 summary: Computer simu- lation of changes in soil nitrogen during under a crop of winter wheat. In Central Europe the so called Nmin-method is used to analyse soil mineral nitrogen and to adjust ni- trogen fertilisation accordingly (Wehrman and Scharpf 1979). keywords: n c; n d; nitrate; nitrogen; soil; values cache: afs-5648.pdf plain text: afs-5648.txt item: #227 of 2310 id: afs-5649 author: AALTONEN, M.-L.; HAGELIN, R. title: Web-based reference databases and subject gateways to locate current research information in agricultural and food sciences - a Finnish perspective date: 2000 words: 2613 flesch: 36 summary: Web technology databases have recently launched a further service that allows full text documents to be directly accessed from refer- ence lists. Key words: agricultural research, food research, publications, databases, current research informa- tion systems, subject gateways, Internet, information resources, Finland Current research information systems There has been considerable increase in the current research information systems (publica- tion, project and expert databases) in Finland during the last few years. keywords: database; finland; finnish; food; information; n d; research cache: afs-5649.pdf plain text: afs-5649.txt item: #228 of 2310 id: afs-5650 author: TANADA-PALMU, P.; HELÉN, H.; HYVÖNEN, L. title: Preparation, properties and applications of wheat gluten edible films date: 2000 words: 5677 flesch: 66 summary: Key words: edible film, edible coatings, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, wheat gluten Introduction There has been considerable recent interest in edible films for foods (Kester and Fennema 1986, Guilbert 1986, Guilbert and Biquet 1989). Preparation, properties and applications of wheat gluten edible films Patricia Tanada-Palmu Department of Food Technology, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. keywords: e n; films; gluten; gly; n c; n d; water; wheat cache: afs-5650.pdf plain text: afs-5650.txt item: #229 of 2310 id: afs-5651 author: PETÄJÄ, E.; MYLLYNIEMI, P.; PETÄJÄ, P. title: Use of inoculated lactic acid bacteria in fermenting sour cabbage date: 2000 words: 6041 flesch: 72 summary: The nutrient broth culture count was 6.8 log cfu/ml; the aim count in the vegetable mixture was 3 log cfu/g. Grouping of sour cabbages The purpose was to examine how L. alimentar- ius and P. pentosaceus strain POHK ferment sour cabbage and the effect of these bacteria on the growth of yeast in sour cabbage. The pH value of experimental sour cabbage groups (1–6) during fermentation (0, 10 and 21 days) and storage (2, 3 and 5 months). keywords: acid; cabbage; days; fermentation; n c; n d; strain; yeast cache: afs-5651.pdf plain text: afs-5651.txt item: #230 of 2310 id: afs-5652 author: JEPPSON, N.; XIANGQUN, G. title: Changes in the contents of kaempherol, quercetin and L-ascorbic acid in sea buckthorn berries during maturation date: 2000 words: 3564 flesch: 67 summary: Thus, the decrease in ascorbic acid content in sea buckthorn berries during ripening could be a prerequisite for the ripening process. In addition, sea buckthorn fruits contain the flavonols isorhamnetin, kaempherol and quercetin (Hörhammer et al. 1966). keywords: acid; ascorbic; content; cultivars; n d; quercetin cache: afs-5652.pdf plain text: afs-5652.txt item: #231 of 2310 id: afs-5653 author: HUHTANEN, P.; AHVENJÄRVI, S.; HEIKKILÄ, T. title: Effects of sodium sulphate and potassium chloride fertilizers on the nutritive value of timothy grown on different soils date: 2000 words: 9580 flesch: 66 summary: N Na K Ca Mg P S Gas volume –0.57** –0.48* 0.28 –0.38* –0.40* –0.27* –0.45* Rate (fast) –0.64*** –0.30 0.69*** –0.72*** –0.73*** –0.38* –0.71*** Rate (slow) 0.09 0.35o –0.10 –0.04 0.12 –0.04 0.07 Lag (fast) 0.71*** 0.51** –0.37o 0.47* 0.47* 0.50** 0.61*** Lag (slow) 0.15 0.29 –0.21 0.04 0.19 0.08 0.18 In situ pDMD 0.02 –0.08 0.25 –0.05 –0.19 –0.22 –0.06 In situ pNDFD 0.38* 0.13 –0.12 0.36o 0.20 0.36o 0.31 RDPDM1 –0.19 0.06 0.13 –0.18 –0.11 –0.29 –0.22 TRDMD2 –0.20 0.05 0.17 –0.16 –0.13 –0.32 –0.20 Significance of correlations: o (P<0.10), * (P<0.05), ** (P<0.01),*** (P<0.001) 1 RDPDM = rumen digestibility of potentially digestible DM 2 TRDMD = true rumen DM digestibility 114 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E I N F Na application had only marginal, but statisti- cally significant quadratic effects (P<0.01) on timothy K concentration. keywords: e n; effects; n c; n d cache: afs-5653.pdf plain text: afs-5653.txt item: #232 of 2310 id: afs-5654 author: RINNE, M.; NYKÄNEN, A. title: Timing of primary growth harvest affects the yield and nutritive value of timothy-red clover mixtures date: 2000 words: 7743 flesch: 67 summary: Timing of primary growth harvest affects the yield and nutritive value of timothy-red clover mixtures Marketta Rinne Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: marketta.rinne@mtt.fi Arja Nykänen Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Resource Management Research, FIN-51900 Juva, Finland, e-mail: arja.nykanen@mtt.fi The effects of partition of growth time between primary growth and regrowth of perennial organically grown mixed (mainly timothy and red clover) leys were studied over two years in Juva, Finland. If the aim of forage production is to produce feed for intensive animal production, primary growths should be harvested early, because the poor qual- ity of primary growth influenced the quality of forage harvested across both growth periods. keywords: clover; e n; growth; n c; n d; production; red; timothy; yield cache: afs-5654.pdf plain text: afs-5654.txt item: #233 of 2310 id: afs-5655 author: PAASIKALLIO, A.; SORMUNEN-CRISTIAN, R.; JAAKKOLA, S. title: The effect of ammonium ferric hexacyanoferrate on reducing radiocaesium transfer from grass silage to sheep date: 2000 words: 5767 flesch: 62 summary: Silage AFCF contents, as high as 500 mg kg-1, would not exceed recom- mended AFCF daily doses in sheep fed that si- lage 3 kg d-1. In experiment 2, linear and quadratic effects of AFCF treatment were studied. keywords: 134cs; afcf; e n; effect; experiment; n c; n d; radiocaesium; sheep; silage; transfer cache: afs-5655.pdf plain text: afs-5655.txt item: #234 of 2310 id: afs-5656 author: HANSEN, C.P.B; JEPPESEN, L.L title: Short term behavioural consequences of denied access to environmental facilities in mink date: 2000 words: 4118 flesch: 70 summary: Most stereotypies were found in the group in small cages with a dry basin. Layout of cage units. keywords: access; cage; mink; n c; n d; water cache: afs-5656.pdf plain text: afs-5656.txt item: #235 of 2310 id: afs-5657 author: HANSEN, C.P.B; JEPPESEN, L.L title: Effects of blocking farm mink's feed access with open water date: 2000 words: 4179 flesch: 72 summary: The experiment then became a 2x2 experiment with two groups, dry (D) and water (W) and two access routes, tunnel (T) and middle cage (M), the latter being dry for the D group and containing the water filled basin for the W group. Half of the animals grew up with free access to swimming water in a basin, the other half to an empty middle cage. keywords: access; cage; group; middle; mink; n d; tunnel; water cache: afs-5657.pdf plain text: afs-5657.txt item: #236 of 2310 id: afs-5658 author: TUORILA, H. title: Pressure to change and resistance against it: consumer perceptions and acceptance of nutritionally modified foods date: 2000 words: 6039 flesch: 61 summary: Moreover, consumer acceptance work may focus on con- textual factors in food acceptance, such as the effect of product information or the momentary hunger or satiety of an individual. The present review addresses sensory and hedonic characteristics in such foods, focus- ing on Finnish research around the issue. keywords: acceptance; consumer; e n; fat; foods; information; n c; n d; tuorila cache: afs-5658.pdf plain text: afs-5658.txt item: #237 of 2310 id: afs-5659 author: XUE, T.; HARTIKAINEN, H. title: Association of antioxidative enzymes with the synergistic effect of selenium and UV irradiation in enhancing plant growth date: 2000 words: 5440 flesch: 59 summary: Results As expected, the effect of added Se and UV irra- diation on FW yields (Table 1) followed the same patterns reported previously for DW (Har- tikainen and Xue 1999). Without added Se, UV ir- radiation did not affect the growth of ryegrass but diminished the lettuce yield. keywords: cat; effect; gsh; irradiation; light; n d; plant cache: afs-5659.pdf plain text: afs-5659.txt item: #238 of 2310 id: afs-5660 author: SORMUNEN-CRISTIAN, R.; JAUHIAINEN, L. title: Feeding levels during the growing phase affect the production of primiparous Finnish Landrace ewes date: 2000 words: 8226 flesch: 72 summary: Excluding ewe lambs on L diet, mating was successful. In several studies, ewe lambs reared on a low level showed delayed onset of oestrus or totally failed to exhibit oestrus in the first year mailto:riitta.sormunen-cristian@mtt.fi 188 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E I N F I N keywords: diet; e n; ewe; ewes; lambs; milk; n c; n d; protein cache: afs-5660.pdf plain text: afs-5660.txt item: #239 of 2310 id: afs-5661 author: LEMOLA, R.; TURTOLA, E.; ERIKSSON, C. title: Undersowing Italian ryegrass diminishes nitrogen leaching from spring barley date: 2000 words: 8312 flesch: 71 summary: Soil type Treatment N uptake Tot-N leaching kg ha-1y-1 kg ha-1y-1 Grain Straw Ryegrass Total Clay U 0 75.7 20.6 96.3 12.1 U 1 71.2 19.4 10.3 100.9 5.7 U 0 –U 1 4.5 1.2 -4.6 6.4 Silt U 0 78.3 20.3 98.5 7.0 U 1 72.4 18.0 15.6 106.1 4.5 U 0 –U 1 5.9 2.3 -7.6 2.5 Sand U 0 77.2 20.3 97.5 25.6 U1 73.9 18.6 18.6 111.1 9.1 U 0 –U 1 3.3 1.7 -13.6 16.5 Peat U 0 104.6 29.7 134.2 30.8 U1 94.8 26.0 24.7 145.6 22.0 U 0 –U 1 9.8 3.7 -11.4 8.8 211 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C In the present experi- ment, the after-effect period was too short to al- low discovery of long-term effects of undersow- ing on N leaching. keywords: barley; catch; clay; crop; leaching; n c; n d; ryegrass; sand; soil; spring; tillage; undersowing cache: afs-5661.pdf plain text: afs-5661.txt item: #240 of 2310 id: afs-5662 author: JANSSON, H.; MÄNTYLAHTI, V.; NÄRVÄNEN, A. title: Phosphorus content of ditch sediments as indicator of critical source areas (Research Note) date: 2000 words: 2406 flesch: 66 summary: We compared the extractable P in ditch sediment with the P concentration in ditch water during high flow periods in areas of different land use by assuming that the sediment gradually equili- brates with the water running in the ditch. Dissolved reactive P in ditch water as a function of phos- phorus extracted with ammonium acetate in ditch sediments. keywords: n d; sediment; water cache: afs-5662.pdf plain text: afs-5662.txt item: #241 of 2310 id: afs-5663 author: SIMOJOKI, A. title: Calibration of a desktop scanner and digital image analysis procedure for quantification of root morphology date: 2000 words: 3616 flesch: 67 summary: When the scanned images of root samples were later ex- amined by eye, it was noticed that staining ob- viously did not make the roots opaque, as at high brightness the roots were not completely digi- tized. Dry mass of root samples before and after preserva- tion in ethanol solution (an outlier is denoted with +). keywords: analysis; length; n c; n d; roots cache: afs-5663.pdf plain text: afs-5663.txt item: #242 of 2310 id: afs-5664 author: GUO, Y.-D.; NIEMELÄ, T.; TULISALO, U. title: Maintenance of male sterile germplasm in Brassica rapa by in vitro propagation date: 2000 words: 4159 flesch: 67 summary: Maintenance of male sterile germplasm in Brassica rapa by in vitro propagation Yang-Dong Guo Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland, e-mail: yaguo@utu.fi Tarja Niemelä, Unto Tulisalo Mildola Ltd, Anttila Research Farm, Anttilantie 30, FIN-04300 Tuusula, Finland Seppo Pulli Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland An efficient tissue culture system for plant regeneration, from mature cut branches, was established to maintain male sterile material in Brassica rapa L. The immature pods gave the best re- sults for callus induction and plant regeneration. keywords: brassica; callus; explants; l-1; male; n d; shoot cache: afs-5664.pdf plain text: afs-5664.txt item: #243 of 2310 id: afs-5665 author: SAHRAMAA, M.; HÖMMÖ, L. title: Seed production characters and germination performance of reed canary grass in Finland date: 2000 words: 7432 flesch: 71 summary: In an additional experiment, the effect of storage temperature and storage time on seed germination were investigated for ‘Venture’. I N L A N D Vol. 9 (2000): 239–251. high thousand seed weight (0.93–1.04 g) and seed germination (74–91%). keywords: canary; e n; germination; grass; n c; n d; production; reed; seed; yield cache: afs-5665.pdf plain text: afs-5665.txt item: #244 of 2310 id: afs-5666 author: VARIS, A.-L. title: Influence of changes in crop cultivation areas on pollen contents of honey (Research Note) date: 2000 words: 2534 flesch: 70 summary: The most common pollen type was Brassicaceae pollen, which was represented by 60% of the grains counted. In 1937 Brassica oilseed crops were not grown in Finland, and Brassicaceae pollen was not found in honey. keywords: crops; finland; honey; n d; pollen cache: afs-5666.pdf plain text: afs-5666.txt item: #245 of 2310 id: afs-5667 author: KYMÄLÄINEN, H.-R.; PASILA, A. title: Equilibrium moisture content of flax/linseed and fibre hemp straw fractions date: 2000 words: 4552 flesch: 70 summary: Equilibrium moisture content of flax/linseed and fibre hemp straw fractions Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen and Antti Pasila Department of Agricultural Engineering and Household Technology, PO Box 27 (Viikki F), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: hanna-riitta.kymalainen@helsinki.fi This preliminary study of the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of bast fibre plants (Linum usita- tissimum L. and Cannabis sativa L.) examines three fractions, fibre, fine shive and coarse shive. sample replicate moisture content % (d.b.) keywords: air; e n; moisture; n c; n d; shive cache: afs-5667.pdf plain text: afs-5667.txt item: #246 of 2310 id: afs-5668 author: LÖTJÖNEN, T.; MIKKOLA, H. J. title: Three mechanical weed control techniques in spring cereals date: 2000 words: 4845 flesch: 75 summary: Although inter-row hoeing seems to be a fairly effective method for weed control, it may be difficult to compensate for the yield loss due to the increase in row spacing. Weed control 12.5 Non-weeded 12.5 Chemical control 12.5 Spring tine harrow 12.5 Rotary hoe 18 Row hoe 25 Non-weeded 25 Row hoe Table 2. keywords: control; hoeing; n c; n d; row; soil; weed cache: afs-5668.pdf plain text: afs-5668.txt item: #247 of 2310 id: afs-5669 author: BARTISH, G.I.; JEPPSSON, N.; BARTISH, I.V. title: Assessment of genetic diversity using RAPD analysis in a germplasm collection of sea buckthorn date: 2000 words: 5284 flesch: 56 summary: We used this new matrix as an input distance matrix for an Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMO- VA), as in Excoffier et al. (1992) and Huff et al. (1993), for partitioning the genetic variance into components within and among plant groups and for testing the significance of the estimates ob- tained. In addition, a representative sample of all pres- ently recognized taxa in the genus Hippophae has been subjected to a phenetic analysis using RAPD markers (Bartish et al. 2000). keywords: cultivar; e n; mongolica; n c; n d; rapd; rhamnoides; russia; ssp cache: afs-5669.pdf plain text: afs-5669.txt item: #248 of 2310 id: afs-5670 author: MOKMA, D.L.; YLI-HALLA, M.; HARTIKAINEN, H. title: Soils in a young landscape on the coast of southern Finland date: 2000 words: 6890 flesch: 70 summary: The occurrence of soils formally meeting the crite- ria of Mollisols has not been systematically sur- veyed in Finland but mollic epipedons seem to occur mostly in cultivated soils which have sandy plow layers (Yli-Halla et al. 2000). Particularly on the basis of the results of citric acid extractable P in the subsoil of the non-cultivated pedon 8, we can assume that citric acid also dissolves native P and may not be suitable for identifying anthropogenic P inputs in soils rich in apatitic P. Furthermore, when the fields of the research farm had been tested in 1999, the P concentrations extracted from the Ap horizons with an acid ammonium acetate solution ranged from 10.1 to 17.0 mg dm-3 of soil in samples collected around pedons 2, 4, 6, and 7 (the field around pedon 3 was not tested). keywords: 10yr; 7.5yr; c2p; e n; fao; finland; helsinki; n c; n d; pedons; soil cache: afs-5670.pdf plain text: afs-5670.txt item: #249 of 2310 id: afs-5671 author: SIMOJOKI, A. title: Responses of soil respiration and barley growth to modified supply of oxygen in the soil date: 2000 words: 8405 flesch: 69 summary: Responses of soil respiration and barley growth to modified supply of oxygen in the soil Asko Simojoki Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: asko.simojoki@helsinki.fi Roots of dry-land plants are supplied with oxygen mainly by molecular diffusion from soil air. The strong correlation between ODR measurements and plant performance (Glinski and Stépniewski 1985) emphasizes the impor- tance of an adequate diffusive flux of oxygen from soil air to plant roots. keywords: air; e n; growth; n c; n d; oxygen; plant; roots; soil; soil air; water cache: afs-5671.pdf plain text: afs-5671.txt item: #250 of 2310 id: afs-5672 author: PIETOLA, L.; SALO, T. title: Response of P, K, Mg and NO 3 -N contents of carrots to irrigation, soil compaction, and nitrogen fertilisation date: 2000 words: 6598 flesch: 70 summary: In loam (pH H2O 6.8), soil P content, analysed in acid ammonium acetate (pH 4.65) (Vuorinen and Mäkitie 1955), was very high (80 mg dm-3) in 0– 25 cm soil depth and 20 mg dm-3 in 25–50 cm, decreasing to 70 and 6 mg dm-3, respectively, by the end of the experiment. Soil N contents were not de- termined. keywords: compaction; contents; ha-1; irrigation; n d; soil cache: afs-5672.pdf plain text: afs-5672.txt item: #251 of 2310 id: afs-5673 author: ERSTAD, K.-J.; KONOVALOV, N.Y.; PUTRO, J. title: Reactivity of silicate liming materials from Northern Europe assessed by Soil Incubation and two pH Stat methods date: 2000 words: 8778 flesch: 68 summary: The method was an automatic potentiometric titration, where each sample of liming material was leached for 24 hours in a water suspension, while pH was constantly kept at 5.0 by adding 0.4 M nitric acid (HNO 3 ) into the titration vessel, as soon as the pH of the solution tended to rise. The pro- cedure SUMMARY was used to calculate the conversion factors (convf n ) fraction by fraction applying different methods to determine the re- activity of liming materials. keywords: bof; c e; calcite; e n; liming; materials; merox; method; n c; n d; rauta; slags; soil cache: afs-5673.pdf plain text: afs-5673.txt item: #252 of 2310 id: afs-5674 author: MANNINEN, M.; HUHTA, H. title: Influence of pre partum and post partum plane of nutrition on the performance of crossbred suckler cows and their progeny date: 2001 words: 9286 flesch: 69 summary: On feeding level M cows had a daily intake of 9.1 and 10.4 kg DM during periods P1 and P2, respectively. During indoor feeding cows receiving a lower level of feeding lost more (P<0.05) condition (–0.67 vs.–0.09 for L and M, respectively). keywords: calf; calving; cows; e n; feeding; level; milk; n c; n d; partum; performance; post; pre; production cache: afs-5674.pdf plain text: afs-5674.txt item: #253 of 2310 id: afs-5675 author: VALAJA, J.; PERTTILÄ, S.; PARTANEN, K. title: Effect of two microbial phytase preparations on phosphorus utilisation in broilers fed maize-soybean meal based diets date: 2001 words: 4803 flesch: 59 summary: Four dietary treatments consisted of a positive control supplemented with dicalcium phosphate (17 g/kg), a negative control without inorganic P, basal diet without inorganic P supplemented with Aspergillus niger phytase (2.6 g/kg) and basal diet without inorganic P supple- mented with Trichoderma reesei phytase (0.13 g/kg). The experiment was conducted as a ran- domised block design with four experimental treatments: 1. maize-soybean meal diet supple- mented with dicalcium phosphate (positive con- trol), 2. maize-soybean meal diet without inor- ganic P supplementation (negative control), 3. maize-soybean meal diet without inorganic P supplemented with Aspergillus niger phytase (750 PU (phytase units)/kg feed) and 4. maize- soybean meal diet with inorganic P supplement- ed with Trichoderma reesei phytase (750 PU/kg feed). keywords: aspergillus; diet; digestibility; et al; meal; phytase; soybean cache: afs-5675.pdf plain text: afs-5675.txt item: #254 of 2310 id: afs-5676 author: RUUSUNEN, M.; SÄRKKÄ-TIRKKONEN, M.; PUOLANNE, E. title: Saltiness of coarsely ground cooked ham with reduced salt content date: 2001 words: 3450 flesch: 73 summary: Saltiness of coarsely ground cooked ham with reduced salt content Marita Ruusunen Department of Food Technology, PO Box 27 (Viikki E), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: marita.ruusunen@helsinki.fi Marjo Särkkä-Tirkkonen Mikkeli Institute for Rural Research and Training, Lönnrotinkatu 3–5, FIN-50100 Mikkeli, Finland Eero Puolanne Department of Food Technology, PO Box 27 (Viikki E), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland The aim of this study was to examine how much the salt content of cooked ham can be reduced without a significant effect on sensory saltiness. keywords: content; food; hams; meat; nacl; salt; saltiness cache: afs-5676.pdf plain text: afs-5676.txt item: #255 of 2310 id: afs-5677 author: YLI-HALLA, M.; MOKMA, D. L. title: Soils in an agricultural landscape of Jokioinen, south-western Finland date: 2001 words: 5719 flesch: 70 summary: Clayey soils The clayey lacustrine sediments dominate the cultivated land. Owing to the absence of the gleyic color pattern in clayey soils, it can be concluded that these cultivated soils would have cambic horizons even if there were no hu- man influence, as opposed to the clayey soils in Helsinki (Mokma et al. 2000) which are young- er and have a lower topographic position. keywords: 10yr; e n; fao; horizon; jokioinen; n c; n d; soil; system cache: afs-5677.pdf plain text: afs-5677.txt item: #256 of 2310 id: afs-5678 author: SIMOJOKI, A. title: Morphological responses of barley roots to soil compaction and modified supply of oxygen date: 2001 words: 4698 flesch: 66 summary: In the open pots on the contrary, root growth was unimped- ed, and thus the greater proportion of thick ad- ventitious roots in the uppermost soil layer may explain why no differences in root width between the soil depths were observed (Fig. 1, Table 2). However, in loose moist soil hypoxia prevented root growth, but did not change root morphology. keywords: barley; compaction; growth; n c; n d; roots; soil cache: afs-5678.pdf plain text: afs-5678.txt item: #257 of 2310 id: afs-5679 author: HARTIKAINEN, H.; PIETOLA, L.; SIMOJOKI, A. title: Quantification of fine root responses to selenium toxicity date: 2001 words: 3252 flesch: 70 summary: As lettuce roots in soil without Se addition (control) became older, their width increased whereas their specific length, specific surface area and specific volume decreased. Ryegrass roots were not as sensitive to added Se as lettuce roots; a lower dosage stimulated root growth but a higher one reduced it. keywords: length; lettuce; root; ryegrass cache: afs-5679.pdf plain text: afs-5679.txt item: #258 of 2310 id: afs-5680 author: DONCHEVA, S.; VASSILEVA, V.; IGNATOV, G. title: Influence of nitrogen deficiency on photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure of pepper plants (Research Note) date: 2001 words: 3091 flesch: 62 summary: Total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, the chlorophyll a/b ratio and the photosynthetic efficiency, indicated by the rate of CO 2 assimilation, were significantly lower in leaves of nitrogen deficient plants compared with the control (Table 1). Morphometric analysis showed that the cross sectional area of the con- trol plant chloroplasts was smaller, but the chlo- roplast length, the number of grana per chloro- plast and the number of thylakoids per granum were higher with respect to N-deficient plant chloroplasts (Table 1).The proportion of stroma matrix of the chloroplasts cross section occupied by starch inclusions and plastoglobules was in- creased in nitrogen deficient plants (Table 1). keywords: chloroplast; leaf; nitrogen; plants cache: afs-5680.pdf plain text: afs-5680.txt item: #259 of 2310 id: afs-5681 author: CZEMBOR, J.H. title: Resistance to powdery mildew in selections from barley landraces collected in Greece date: 2001 words: 3640 flesch: 56 summary: Saponification with 60% KOH released root ergosterol in free form, which was then extracted with pentane. Roots were excavated from 0–20 centimetres depth with a small scoop, highbush blueberry roots being collected only from the part of the plant that faces south. keywords: e n; ergosterol; mycorrhizal; n c; n d; roots cache: afs-5681.pdf plain text: afs-5681.txt item: #260 of 2310 id: afs-5682 author: SLAFER, G. A.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. title: Yield trends of temperate cereals in high latitude countries from 1940 to 1998 date: 2001 words: 6201 flesch: 65 summary: Yield gains in absolute and relative terms were calculated for comparison among countries and cereals. Wheat also showed a bilinear trend with only limited yield gains until the 1960s, followed by a more than 3-fold increase in rate of yield gain from then on (16 and 40 kg ha–1 y–1, respectively). keywords: cereals; e n; gains; n c; n d; slafer; trends; wheat; yield cache: afs-5682.pdf plain text: afs-5682.txt item: #261 of 2310 id: afs-5683 author: KASURINEN, A.; HOLOPAINEN, T.; ANTTONEN, S. title: Mycorrhizal colonisation of highbush blueberry and its native relatives in central Finland date: 2001 words: 3640 flesch: 56 summary: Saponification with 60% KOH released root ergosterol in free form, which was then extracted with pentane. Roots were excavated from 0–20 centimetres depth with a small scoop, highbush blueberry roots being collected only from the part of the plant that faces south. keywords: e n; ergosterol; mycorrhizal; n c; n d; roots cache: afs-5683.pdf plain text: afs-5683.txt item: #262 of 2310 id: afs-5684 author: RANKINEN, K.; TATTARI, S.; REKOLAINEN, S. title: Modelling of vegetative filter strips in catchment scale erosion control date: 2001 words: 6752 flesch: 69 summary: Typically, on broad fields (with a large erodible area) and on narrower but very steep fields the filter strips were “highly necessary”, whereas on moderately steep, easily erodible or flooded fields filter strips were classified as “nec- essary”. The results of this study dem- onstrated that vegetative filter strips may be ef- fective in erosion control in catchments, but that the greatest advantage can be achieved in areas with a high proportion of erosion risk areas, such as high-slope fields neighbouring open ditches and rivers. keywords: areas; catchment; e n; erosion; field; filter; model; n c; n d; soil; strips; vfs cache: afs-5684.pdf plain text: afs-5684.txt item: #263 of 2310 id: afs-5685 author: KORHOHEN, H.; NIEMELÄ, P.; SIIRILÄ, P. title: Temperament and reproductive performance in farmed sable date: 2001 words: 4267 flesch: 71 summary: Whelping result was poorer in aggres- sive (0.2 ± 0.2 kits per breeding female; 2.5 ± 0.5 kits per whelped female) than in curious (1.2 ± 0.2; 3.1 ± 0.2) and fearful females (1.0 ± 0.3; 3.5 ±0.4). Breedings of fearful females were completed first, i.e. during week 6. keywords: females; mink; n c; n d; sable; temperament cache: afs-5685.pdf plain text: afs-5685.txt item: #264 of 2310 id: afs-5686 author: KOSUTIC, S.; FILIPOVIC, D.; GOSPODARIC, Z. title: Maize and winter wheat production with different soil tillage systems on silty loam date: 2001 words: 5563 flesch: 62 summary: Soil tillage systems in maize and winter wheat production sity of the soil engagement and inversion of the soil with a mouldboard plough as characteristic implement. Soil tillage systems in maize and winter wheat production form for whole experimental field in both ex- perimental years. keywords: ha–1; maize; n d; soil; system; tillage; wheat; winter; yield cache: afs-5686.pdf plain text: afs-5686.txt item: #265 of 2310 id: afs-56862 author: Garcia-Lopez, Ana Maria; Delgado, Antonio title: Effect of Bacillus subtilis on phosphorus uptake by cucumber as affected by iron oxides and the solubility of the phosphorus source date: 2016 words: 7481 flesch: 61 summary: Overall, QST713 increased P uptake by 40 %, the effect being independent of the presence of ferrihydrite and P source. Significant interactions between ferrihydrite enrichment and P source were observed for total P content in shoots, P uptake, and total Fe and total dry matter in shoots (Table 1). keywords: bacillus; delgado; et al; growth; medium; phosphorus; plants; soil; subtilis; total; uptake cache: afs-56862.pdf plain text: afs-56862.txt item: #266 of 2310 id: afs-56867 author: Del Bubba, Massimo; Giordani, Edgardo; Ancillotti, Claudia; Petrucci, William Antonio; Ciofi, Lorenzo; Morelli, Daniele; Marinelli, Cristian; Checchini, Leonardo; Furlanetto, Sandra title: Morphological, nutraceutical and sensorial properties of cultivated Fragaria vesca L. berries: influence of genotype, plant age, fertilization treatment on the overall fruit quality date: 2016 words: 11771 flesch: 60 summary: Mean concentrations of citric acid determined in F. vesca berries resulted similar or higher than those found for Fragaria x ananassa fruits (Perez et al. 1997, Basson et al. 2010, Crespo et al. 2010, Doumett et al. 2011); a similar trend was also ob- served for malic acid (Perez et al. Conversely, total vitamin C in F. vesca was found to be 30–70% lower than in Fragaria x ananassa (Aaby et al. 2007, Corral-Aguayo et al. 2008, Basson et al. 2010, Crespo et al. 2010, Doumett et al. 2011). keywords: 2013; acid; alp; berries; del; doumett; emt; et al; food; fragaria; fruits; n.d; plant; quality; rdv; samples; tft; values; vesca cache: afs-56867.pdf plain text: afs-56867.txt item: #267 of 2310 id: afs-5687 author: JALONOJA, K.; PIETOLA, K. title: Whole sales market for fresh potatoes in Finland date: 2001 words: 5497 flesch: 66 summary: Within a marketing season, the volatility of potato prices is expected to increase with time because the supply for potatoes is expected to get more inelastic towards the end of the mar- keting season (Fig. 2). The econometric model Conditional mean The conditional mean process is constructed as an autoregressive, AR(k), model for logarithms of potato producer prices (ln p t ) with k denoting the number of lagged prices in the model. keywords: e n; market; marketing; n c; n d; potato; price cache: afs-5687.pdf plain text: afs-5687.txt item: #268 of 2310 id: afs-5688 author: KESKITALO, M. title: Can protoplast production from in vitro cultured shoots of Tanacetum vary during the season? date: 2001 words: 3938 flesch: 62 summary: However, there have been relatively few studies on the effects of light on donor tissues used for protoplast isolation (Zhao et al. 1995, Geng-Guang 1996). Previous results indicated that even if the procedure during protoplast isolation was the same, the number of isolated protoplasts varied considerably. keywords: light; n d; plant; protoplasts; pyrethrum; tanacetum; tansy cache: afs-5688.pdf plain text: afs-5688.txt item: #269 of 2310 id: afs-5689 author: SALONEN, J.; HYVÖNEN, T.; JALLI, H. title: Weed flora in organically grown spring cereals in Finland date: 2001 words: 6654 flesch: 70 summary: A common observation is that organic farming preserves biodiversity since the number of weed species, weed density and the biomass production of weeds are higher than in conven- tionally cropped fields, which are typically treat- ed with herbicides. Frequencies (%) of weed species by region. keywords: crop; e n; fields; finland; n c; n d; species; weed cache: afs-5689.pdf plain text: afs-5689.txt item: #270 of 2310 id: afs-5690 author: SEPPÄNEN, M.M.; NISSINEN, O.; PERÄLÄ, S. title: Freezing and low temperature photoinhibition tolerance in cultivated potato and potato hybrids date: 2001 words: 6397 flesch: 63 summary: In field experiments the mechanism of frost injury varied according to the severity of night frosts. As a result, frost injury developed slowly, indicating that damage occurred to the photosynthetic apparatus. keywords: freezing; frost; injury; light; n c; n d; potato; temperature; tolerance cache: afs-5690.pdf plain text: afs-5690.txt item: #271 of 2310 id: afs-5691 author: PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; RAJALA, A. title: Chlormequat chloride and ethephon affect growth and yield formation of conventional, naked and dwarf oat date: 2001 words: 6538 flesch: 71 summary: Increased grain yield attributable to CCC application resulted from more panicles per square meter and higher contribution of tillers to grain yield. No lodging occurred and the recorded increase in grain yield of CCC treated plants was not therefore due to prevention of lodging. keywords: c c; ccc; grain; growth; n c; n d; oat; peltonen; plant; yield cache: afs-5691.pdf plain text: afs-5691.txt item: #272 of 2310 id: afs-5692 author: LAURILA, H. title: Simulation of spring wheat responses to elevated CO2 and temperature by using CERES-wheat crop model date: 2001 words: 12731 flesch: 63 summary: CO 2 = CO 2 concentration (ppm), D TEMP = temperature change (°C), SOW = earlier sowing (d) before reference sowing date (15 May), O YIELD = observed mean grain yield (t ha–1), PO YIELD = observed grain yield change (%) from the observed mean reference, S YIELD = simulated grain yield estimate (t ha–1), PS YIELD = simulated grain yield change (%) from the simulated mean reference, D YIELD = difference between observed and simulated yield (t ha–1), D DIF = simulated grain yield difference (%) from the observed, SE = standard error of the mean (1992–1994). CO 2 = CO 2 concentration (ppm), D TEMP = temperature change (°C), SE = standard error of the mean in observed and simulated values (1992–1994), O YIELD = grain yield change (%) from the observed mean reference (350 ppm/0°C), SP YIELD = grain yield change (%) from the simulated mean reference (potential), DP YIELD = difference (t ha–1) between observed and simulated grain yield (potential), PP YIELD = simulated grain yield difference (%) from the observed (potential), SN YIELD = grain yield change (%) from the simulated mean reference (non-potential), DN YIELD = difference (t ha–1) between observed and simulated grain yield (non-potential), NP YIELD = simulated grain yield difference (%) from the observed (non-potential). keywords: ambient; conditions; grain; grain yield; ha–1; mean; model; n c; n d; potential; sowing; temperature; wheat; yield cache: afs-5692.pdf plain text: afs-5692.txt item: #273 of 2310 id: afs-5693 author: KÄNKÄNEN, H.; ERIKSSON, C.; RÄKKÖLÄINEN, M. title: Effect of annually repeated undersowing on cereal grain yields date: 2001 words: 7668 flesch: 68 summary: The residual effect of undersowing wester- wold ryegrass on crop yields was negligible in both successive years. Effect of annually repeated undersowing on cereal grain yields Hannu Känkänen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: hannu.kankanen@mtt.fi Christian Eriksson MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Data and Information Services, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Mauri Räkköläinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Laukaa Research and Elite Plant Station, FIN-41330 Vihtavuori, Finland Martti Vuorinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Häme Research Station, FIN-36600 Pälkäne, Finland Cover crops can be used to reduce leaching and erosion, introduce variability into crop rotation and fix nitrogen (N) for use by the main crops. keywords: cereal; clover; crop; effect; grain; ha–1; n d; red; ryegrass; soil; undersowing; yield cache: afs-5693.pdf plain text: afs-5693.txt item: #274 of 2310 id: afs-5694 author: PAHKALA, K.; SANKARI, H. title: Seed loss as a result of pod shatter in spring rape and spring turnip rape in Finland date: 2001 words: 3545 flesch: 74 summary: The greatest number of spring turnip rape seeds was shed in 1988. In 1989, only 3.1 kg turnip rape seeds ha–1 (0.1% of total seed yield of 2110 kg ha–1) was lost before the optimal harvest date (11 Septem- ber) (Fig. 2). keywords: n d; rape; seeds; spring; turnip cache: afs-5694.pdf plain text: afs-5694.txt item: #275 of 2310 id: afs-5695 author: HANNUKKALA, A. title: The effect of storage ageing and spring sprouting of seed tubers on the yield of three potato varieties in the Finnish Lapland date: 2001 words: 2313 flesch: 77 summary: The effect of storage ageing on the emergence, stem and tuber number and tuber yield of potato at the MTT Lapland Research Station in Rovaniemi 1996–1997. Variety Sprouting Storage ageing Emergence 50 % Stem number/ Research Note The effect of storage ageing and spring sprouting of seed tubers on the yield of three potato varieties in the Finnish Lapland Antti Hannukkala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Lapland Research Station, Tutkijantie 28, FIN-96900 Saarenkylä, Finland, e-mail: antti.hannukkala@mtt.fi The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of storage ageing on the emergence, stem and tuber number and yield of potato grown at the MTT Lapland Research Station in Rovaniemi in the Arctic Circle (66°35’N). keywords: ageing cache: afs-5695.pdf plain text: afs-5695.txt item: #276 of 2310 id: afs-5696 author: KIRKKARI, A-M.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; RITA, H. title: Reducing grain damage in naked oat through gentle harvesting date: 2001 words: 3849 flesch: 67 summary: In the United Kingdom, it is advised that na- ked oat be threshed at grain moisture contents of less than 20% to prevent damage (Hayes 1992). To guarantee variation in grain moisture content, several rounds of threshing were carried out, including both morning threshing (aiming at the highest possible moisture content after night) and afternoon threshing (aiming at the lowest possi- ble moisture content). keywords: content; germination; grain; moisture; n d; oat cache: afs-5696.pdf plain text: afs-5696.txt item: #277 of 2310 id: afs-5697 author: IBRAHIM, M.A.; KAINULAINEN, P.; AFLATUNI, A. title: Insecticidal, repellent, antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity of essential oils: With special reference to limonene and its suitability for control of insect pests date: 2001 words: 11411 flesch: 65 summary: Our preliminary ob- servations suggest that cabbage and carrot seed- lings are sensitive to limonene at the concentra- tion of 9% (Ibrahim et al., unpublished results). Acute toxicity of 34 naturally oc- curring monoterpenes were evaluated against T. urticae and most of the monoterpenes were lethal to the mite at high concentrations; carvo- menthenol and terpinen-4-ol were especially ef- fective (Lee et al. 1997). keywords: activity; c e; c u; chemical; compounds; control; e n; ecology; effects; et al; insect; journal; l t; limonene; monoterpenes; n c; n d; oil; oils; pest; pine; plant; u l cache: afs-5697.pdf plain text: afs-5697.txt item: #278 of 2310 id: afs-5698 author: HOLOPAINEN, J.K.; RAISKIO, S.; WULFF, A. title: Blue sticky traps are more efficient for the monitoring of Lygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera: Miridae) than yellow sticky traps date: 2001 words: 3845 flesch: 68 summary: Asterisks above blue trap catches indicate significant (P < 0.05) difference from yellow trap catches. Blue sticky traps are more efficient for the monitoring of Lygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera, Miridae) than yellow sticky traps Jarmo K. Holopainen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Plant Protection, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. keywords: blue; lygus; n d; rugulipennis; traps cache: afs-5698.pdf plain text: afs-5698.txt item: #279 of 2310 id: afs-5699 author: HELENIUS, J.K.; HOLOPAINEN, J.K.; HUUSELA-VEISTOLA, E. title: Ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) diversity in Finnish arable land date: 2001 words: 10419 flesch: 70 summary: (SD standard deviation) Sub-set of data field crop E(S) Shannon-Wiener H’ diversity index was typically around 2.5 and expected species number rarefied to 600 trapped individuals was typically around 30 species. keywords: c e; c u; data; diversity; e n; fields; finland; helenius; n c; n d; sets; species; u l; viikki cache: afs-5699.pdf plain text: afs-5699.txt item: #280 of 2310 id: afs-5701 author: PARTANEN, K.; VALAJA, J.; JALAVA, T. title: Composition, ileal amino acid digestibility and nutritive value of organically grown legume seeds and conventional rapeseed cakes for pigs date: 2001 words: 9374 flesch: 69 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received April 2001 Composition, ileal amino acid digestibility and nutritive value of organically grown legume seeds and conventional rapeseed cakes for pigs Kirsi Partanen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Pigs, Tervamäentie 179, FIN-05840 Hyvinkää, Finland, e-mail: kirsi.partanen@mtt.fi Jarmo Valaja, Taina Jalava MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Animal Nutrition, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Hilkka Siljander-Rasi MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Pigs, Tervamäentie 179, FIN-05840 Hyvinkää, Finland Eight white-flowered pea (Pisum sativum) and two white-flowered field bean (Vicia faba) cultivars grown organically were analysed for proximate composition and amino acid content. The greatest differences in ileal amino acid digestibility oc- curred for methionine and cystine. keywords: acid; amino; beans; content; cultivars; digestibility; field; ileal; n c; n d; peas; protein; rapeseed; seeds cache: afs-5701.pdf plain text: afs-5701.txt item: #281 of 2310 id: afs-5702 author: NIEMELÄINEN, O.; KONTTURI, M.; JAUHIAINEN, L. title: Estimated metabolizable energy yields of perennial and annual grass swards compared with those of spring barley and oat date: 2001 words: 7417 flesch: 69 summary: This difference, which inflates cereal yields by 9% in comparison with grass yields, is based on the observation that grasses can com- pletely utilize the 0.25 m space between plots while the erect cereals can only partially utilize the space. Perennial grass sward was the most productive of the studied crops in metabolizable energy production for ruminants. keywords: barley; feed; grain; grass; mey; n d; oat; production; silage; study; wccs; yield cache: afs-5702.pdf plain text: afs-5702.txt item: #282 of 2310 id: afs-5703 author: NIEMI, J.K.; PIETOLA, K. title: Land use response to agricultural policy and market movement on Finnish dairy-farms date: 2001 words: 5963 flesch: 63 summary: Under the quota system, milk prices are not sufficient instruments to control for milk sup- ply. Milk price is the farm gate price such that it includes all price subsi- dies and other price adjustments affecting the price paid for farmers. keywords: area; concentrates; farm; feed; land; milk; n d; price; subsidy; supply cache: afs-5703.pdf plain text: afs-5703.txt item: #283 of 2310 id: afs-5704 author: SUOJALA, T. title: Effect of harvest time on storage loss and sprouting in onion date: 2001 words: 5851 flesch: 74 summary: Statistical analysis Response variables were the percentages of weight loss, total storage loss, rooted onions and diseased onions during cold storage and in shelf life tests and the percentage of sprouted onions in shelf life tests at each time of analysis. This paper presents only the test results for total storage loss and total loss and sprouted onions in shelf life tests, since they contain the most important information given by the data. keywords: harvest; loss; n d; onions; sprouting; storage; time; total cache: afs-5704.pdf plain text: afs-5704.txt item: #284 of 2310 id: afs-5705 author: SALONEN, J.; HYVÖNEN, T.; JALLI, H. title: Weeds in spring cereal fields in Finland - a third survey date: 2001 words: 13269 flesch: 67 summary: Frequencies (%) of weed species by region. The diversity of weed species was described by species richness and evenness. keywords: arvensis; average; biomass; cereal; e n; fields; finland; n c; n d; number; production; regions; repens; species; spp; spring; survey; table; total; weed; weed species cache: afs-5705.pdf plain text: afs-5705.txt item: #285 of 2310 id: afs-5706 author: YRJÖLÄ, T.; KOLA, J. title: Cost-benefit analysis of multifunctional agriculture in Finland date: 2001 words: 7770 flesch: 55 summary: The effects of the decline in agricultural support on multi- functional characteristics of agriculture in Finland are estimated using the cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Apparently, there is a need to find new reasoning and con- tents for agricultural support, preferably based on widely approved objectives. keywords: agriculture; analysis; benefit; costs; e n; finland; n c; n d; price; production; support; welfare cache: afs-5706.pdf plain text: afs-5706.txt item: #286 of 2310 id: afs-5707 author: SAIJONKARI-PAHKALA, K. title: Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper date: 2001 words: 49520 flesch: 73 summary: Non-wood plant fibres can be divided into several groups depending on the location of the fibres in the plant. Non-wood plant fibres, will there be a comeback in paper-making? keywords: application; application rate; biomass; c e; c u; canary grass; clay; content; crop; crude; d vol; dm content; dm yield; e n; effect; et al; fertilizer; fertilizer application; fescue; fibre; fibre content; g r; grass pulp; ha-1; harvest; harvest timing; jokioinen; june; l t; leaf; material; matter; means; mineral; mineral content; n c; n d; n rate; number; pahkala; paper; plant; plant material; production; proportion; pulp; pulp yield; pulping; reed canary; row; seed; soil; spacing; species; spring; spring harvest; stems; table; u l; wood; year; yield cache: afs-5707.pdf plain text: afs-5707.txt item: #287 of 2310 id: afs-5708 author: PIHAMAA, P.; PIETOLA, K. title: Optimal beef cattle management under agricultural policy reforms in Finland date: 2002 words: 5497 flesch: 69 summary: The goal of the third simulation is to get information on how animal subsidies could be used in strength- ening the supply for domestic beef and how ef- ficient they are in increasing farmer income. The performance of the subsidy programs combined with low beef prices and high forage production costs raises at least two important questions. keywords: beef; c e; e n; n c; n d; silage; subsidy; weight cache: afs-5708.pdf plain text: afs-5708.txt item: #288 of 2310 id: afs-5709 author: RICKERTSEN, K.; GUSTAVSEN, G.V title: Fluid milk consumption and demand response to advertising for non-alcoholic beverages date: 2002 words: 6553 flesch: 64 summary: If substitution is important, the effects of milk advertising are better studied in a model incorporating advertising for other close substitutes. As argued above, the consumer price is set by the government and fixed and there are no induced price effects of milk advertising. keywords: advertising; beverages; demand; milk; n c; n d cache: afs-5709.pdf plain text: afs-5709.txt item: #289 of 2310 id: afs-5710 author: AHOLA, L.; HARRI, M.; MONONEN, J. title: Effects of group size and early handling on some behavioural and physiological welfare parameters in farmed blue foxes date: 2002 words: 6689 flesch: 69 summary: It can be concluded that group housing, pos- sibly even without intensive early handling of the animals, might be considered as an alterna- tive way of housing farmed blue fox cubs. Development of the body mass (kg) in blue fox cubs in four experimental groups. keywords: animal; behaviour; blue; cubs; foxes; group; handling; n c; n d; size cache: afs-5710.pdf plain text: afs-5710.txt item: #290 of 2310 id: afs-5711 author: KOSKIAHO, J.; KIVISAARI, S.; VERMEULEN, S. title: Reduced tillage: Influence on erosion and nutrient losses in a clayey field in southern date: 2002 words: 7501 flesch: 69 summary: Year Drainage flow Surface runoff PF NPF PF NPF 1991 27 29 09 11 1992 18 17 05 04 1993 07 06 08 08 1994 11 12 03 03 1995 16 17 01 01 Ab- stract: Effect of soil tillage on surface erosion and nutrient transport. keywords: drainage; erosion; field; flow; ha–1; losses; n c; n d; npf; runoff; soil; surface; tillage cache: afs-5711.pdf plain text: afs-5711.txt item: #291 of 2310 id: afs-5712 author: MOLDES, A.B.; CRUZ, J.M.; DOMÍNIQUEZ, J.M. title: Production of a cellulosic substrate susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis from prehydrolyzed barley husks date: 2002 words: 3756 flesch: 48 summary: Experimental design and statistical analysis In the alkaline stage of barley husk processing, an incomplete 33 factorial design (Box et al. 1978) was used to study the influence of tem- perature, reaction time and NaOH concentration on both the composition of the solid substrates from treatments and their susceptibility to enzy- matic hydrolysis. When low-temperature delignification was combined with either prolonged reaction times (such as in experiment 6) or high NaOH concentrations (such in experiment 10), the cellulose conver- sion increased significantly (y4 up to 86.5– 86.8%). keywords: cellulose; n d; naoh; samples cache: afs-5712.pdf plain text: afs-5712.txt item: #292 of 2310 id: afs-5713 author: KUISMA, P. title: Efficiency of split nitrogen fertilization with adjusted irrigation on potato date: 2002 words: 7501 flesch: 69 summary: I N L A N D Vol. 11 (2002): 59–74. dle of bed on plots of nitrogen fertilization 80 kg ha–1. The effects of nitrogen fertilization varied during the growing period and were dependent on year and variety. keywords: e n; fertilization; ha–1; irrigation; n c; n d; nitrogen; planting; potato; split; tuber; yield cache: afs-5713.pdf plain text: afs-5713.txt item: #293 of 2310 id: afs-5714 author: PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; RAJALA, A.; MUURINEN, S. title: Yield formation of spring rye at high latitudes with reference to seeding rate and plant growth regulation date: 2002 words: 5303 flesch: 74 summary: CCC increased grain yield by about 200 kg ha-1compared with the control. Thus, grain yield was maximum (ca. 5200 kg ha-1 in 1997) when rainfall was minimum. keywords: ccc; grain; head; n d; rate; rye; seeding; shoot; spring; table; yield cache: afs-5714.pdf plain text: afs-5714.txt item: #294 of 2310 id: afs-5715 author: PAASIKALLIO, A.; SORMUNEN-CRISTIAN RIITTA, R. title: Harvesting strategy and N fertilization influence 134 Cs uptake by forage plants date: 2002 words: 5416 flesch: 67 summary: On biotite soils, plant 134Cs decreased markedly with number of cuts, especially at higher soil N lev- els. Ammonium and potassium salts are known to be the fertilizers most effective in influencing plant uptake of radiocaesium. keywords: 134cs; biotite; concentration; cut; n d; plants; ryegrass; soil; uptake cache: afs-5715.pdf plain text: afs-5715.txt item: #295 of 2310 id: afs-5716 author: VITOROVIC, G.; SLAVATA, B.; STOSIC, K. title: The effect of clinoptilolite on 137 Cs binding in broiler chickens date: 2002 words: 2957 flesch: 58 summary: Material and methods In the in vitro experiment, natural clinoptilolite from Zlatokop mine was used. The hydrated samples of natural clinoptilolite were treated with 3M NH4Cl and 3M NaCl solu- tions to prepare the mono-ionic forms of clinop- tilolite. keywords: 137cs; activity; clinoptilolite; n d; radiocaesium cache: afs-5716.pdf plain text: afs-5716.txt item: #296 of 2310 id: afs-5717 author: TARMI, S.; TUURI, H.; HELENIUS, J. title: Plant communities of field boundaries in Finnish farmland date: 2002 words: 10733 flesch: 72 summary: I J. filiformis L. O V. serpyllifolia L. This study provides a basis for further planning of more analytical studies of field boundary plant communities, and ani- mals dependent on the vegetation. keywords: agricultural; boundaries; boundary; c e; c u; cluster; data; distance; diversity; e n; elymus; field; finland; l. o; mean; n c; n d; plant; regions; richness; species; vegetation cache: afs-5717.pdf plain text: afs-5717.txt item: #297 of 2310 id: afs-5718 author: PARTANEN, K.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.; SUOMI, K. title: Dietary preferences of weaned piglets offered diets containing organic acids date: 2002 words: 7373 flesch: 65 summary: In gener- al, dietary organic acids appear to improve the growth and feed-to-gain ratio of weaned piglets, but these responses can vary greatly depending on the type and amount of acid used, diet com- position, weaning age, and the animals’ health status (Ravindran and Kornegay 1993). The frequency of post-weaning diarrhoea was highest in piglets fed diets supplemented with calcium formate and lowest in piglets fed diets supplemented with formic acid. keywords: acid; benzoate; calcium; diets; e n; feed; formate; formic; lactic; n c; n d; piglets; sodium; weaning cache: afs-5718.pdf plain text: afs-5718.txt item: #298 of 2310 id: afs-5719 author: PERTTILÄ, S.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.; PARTANEN, K. title: Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and the nutritive value of the triticale cultivars Moreno and Ulrika for growing-finishing pigs date: 2002 words: 8098 flesch: 72 summary: Pens were randomly allotted to seven die- tary treatments differing in the proportions of triticale cultivars and barley. Differences between treatments were tested with the following orthogonal contrasts: 1) bar- ley vs. triticale cultivars Moreno and Ulrika and 2) cv. keywords: barley; cultivars; e n; et al; kg-1; moreno; n c; n d; pigs; triticale; ulrika cache: afs-5719.pdf plain text: afs-5719.txt item: #299 of 2310 id: afs-5720 author: CHOI, C.-W.; VANHATALO, A.; HUHTANEN, P. title: Concentration and estimated flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen entering the omasum of dairy cows as influenced by different protein supplements date: 2002 words: 7578 flesch: 61 summary: Soluble protein N concentration was very low and remained relatively constant throughout the feeding cycle. Approximately 0.80 of SNAN flow into the omasum was in the form of peptides, while free AA and protein N accounted for pro- portionately of 0.19 and 0.02 SNAN, respective- ly. keywords: barley; grass; meal; omasal; protein; silage; snan cache: afs-5720.pdf plain text: afs-5720.txt item: #300 of 2310 id: afs-5721 author: RAJALA, A.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. title: Timing applications of growth regulators to alter spring cereal development at high latitudes date: 2002 words: 7154 flesch: 76 summary: Grain Head weight Grain number SGW yield Main head Tiller head Main head Tiller head DF P P P P P P SR 3 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.003 PGR 2 0.004 0.27 0.06 0.33 0.19 < 0.001 TRIAL 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 SR × PGR 6 0.59 0.58 0.92 0.47 0.90 0.84 SR × TRIAL 3 0.46 0.01 0.11 0.07 0.09 0.86 PGR × TRIAL 2 0.73 0.86 0.17 0.99 0.29 0.42 SR × PGR × TRIAL 6 0.84 0.46 0.12 0.73 0.30 0.12 SR, seeding rate; PGR, plant growth regulator treatment In exp 1, three sub-experiments, one for each species, were ar- ranged in completely randomised split-plot de- signs, for which the cultivars were the main plots and PGR treatments were split across them. keywords: barley; ccc; grain; growth; head; n d; oat; pgr; plant; tiller; weight; wheat; yield cache: afs-5721.pdf plain text: afs-5721.txt item: #301 of 2310 id: afs-5722 author: MYYRÄ, S.; PIETOLA, K. title: Economic importance of parcel structure on Finnish farms date: 2002 words: 6133 flesch: 64 summary: The elasticity estimates suggest that the choice of line of production responds in-elasti- cally to farm size and parcel distance, whereas likelihood of specialisation in grain cultivation increases elastically with parcel size (Table 4). Therefore, the current trend for farm sizes to increase while parcel size remains constant, is predicted to in- crease welfare losses (e.g. costs) caused by the fragmented parcel structure. keywords: e n; farms; grain; grass; land; n c; n d; parcel; price; production; profit; size cache: afs-5722.pdf plain text: afs-5722.txt item: #302 of 2310 id: afs-5723 author: JACYNO, E.; KAWECKA, M.; KAMYCZEK, M. title: Influence of inorganic Se + vitamin E and organic Se + vitamin E on reproductive performance of young boars date: 2002 words: 5984 flesch: 59 summary: I–II Se Se Se Se – Inorganic Se Number of animals 20 20 20 20 Body weight, kg – at 70th day of life 21.3 20.8 22.5 20.6 0.33 –1.2 –0.4 NS – at 180th day of life 108 107 120 110 0.81 –4.8** –7.8** ** Daily gain (70–180 day of life), g 734 736 836 768 6.09 –30** –66** ** Feed conversion, kg/kg 2.99 3.05 2.76 2.91 0.024 0.11* 0.21** ** Meatiness, % 59.3 58.3 58.1 58.5 0.21 –0.2 0.6 NS Selection index, pts 120 117 127 121 1.1 –4.3** –4.9** ** Statistical significance: NS non – significant, * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01 SEM – Standard error of means Interaction group × season SEM 180 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I–II Se Se Se Se – Inorganic Se Number of animals 20 20 20 20 Volume of both testes, cm3 – at 70th day of life 17.8 17.3 16.5 12.7 0.78 –2.2 3.0 NS – at 180th day of life 577 595 564 594 16.8 24.5 8.3 NS Time mounting upon phantom, s 331 372 281 170 19.0 –39.2 128** ** Number of mounts 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.07 0.16 0.06 NS Time of ejaculation, s 155 162 205 229 4.9 16.8 –58.7** NS Ejaculate volume, cm3 104 103 105 109 1.0 1.1 –3.3 NS Motile spermatozoa, % 71.9 74.0 72.1 73.3 0.61 1.7 0.2 NS Concentration of sperma- tozoa, n × 106/cm3 175 202 191 246 12.4 41.7* –31.2 NS Total number of sperma- tozoa, n × 109 18.1 20.6 19.8 26.8 1.29 4.8* –4.2 * Spermatozoa with major defects, % 16.1 13.1 28.2 10.0 1.79 –10.4** –4.0* ** Spermatozoa with minor defects, % 14.0 9.1 18.6 13.4 1.16 –4.9** –4.2* * Spermatozoa with normal acrosome, % 71.7 74.8 85.7 85.0 1.47 1.4 –12.2** ** Osmotic resistance test-ORT, % 58.9 70.7 63.4 77.3 2.20 12.8** –5.5 ** AspAT, U/109 spermatozoa 0.112 0.068 0.157 0.083 0.010 –0.053* –0.029 * Se in the semen plasma, µg/mL 0.036 0.035 0.056 0.055 0.002 0.001 –0.002** ** GSH-Px in the semen plasma, U/mL 0.605 0.490 0.457 0.368 0.061 –0.095* 0.132* * Se in the blood plasma, µg/mL 0.345 0.359 0.383 0.371 0.007 0.006 –0.027* NS GSH-Px in the blood plasma U/mL 8.98 10.10 6.52 6.49 0.404 0.700 3.02** ** Statistical significance: NS non – significant, * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01 SEM – Standard error of means Interaction group × season SEM 181 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C keywords: boars; inorganic; organic; season; selenium; vitamin; vitamin e cache: afs-5723.pdf plain text: afs-5723.txt item: #303 of 2310 id: afs-5724 author: AHOLA, L.; MONONEN, J.; PYYKKÖNEN, T. title: Effects of group size and space allocation on physiological, behavioural and production-related welfare parameters in farmed silver fox cubs date: 2002 words: 9123 flesch: 69 summary: I N L A N D Vol. 11 (2002): 185–197. Effects of group size and space allocation on physiological, behavioural and production-related welfare parameters in farmed silver fox cubs Leena Ahola, Jaakko Mononen, Teija Pyykönen, Maarit Mohaibes Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland, e-mail: leena.ahola@uku.fi Teppo Rekilä MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-69100 Kannus, Finland Traditionally farmed silver fox cubs are raised after weaning either in pairs or singly in a traditional fox cage (1.2 m2). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different social and spatial conditions on the welfare of silver fox cubs. keywords: animal; cage; cubs; foxes; group; housing; n d; space cache: afs-5724.pdf plain text: afs-5724.txt item: #304 of 2310 id: afs-5725 author: RUUSUNEN, M.; NIEMISTÖ, M.; PUOLANNE, E. title: Sodium reduction in cooked meat products by using commercial potassium phosphate mixtures date: 2002 words: 5233 flesch: 69 summary: In addition to salt (NaCl), sodium phosphate also increases the sodium content of meat products. Thus, the effects of replacing sodium phosphate with potassium phosphate on sodium content and properties of low-salt cooked bologna-type sausage and cooked ham were studied. keywords: content; ham; hams; meat; nacl; phosphate; salt; sausage; sodium cache: afs-5725.pdf plain text: afs-5725.txt item: #305 of 2310 id: afs-5726 author: PÄÄKKÖNEN, K. title: A combined infrared/heat pump drying technology applied to a rotary dryer date: 2002 words: 4822 flesch: 64 summary: Consequently the short drying time and low drying temperature are the factors which make this procedure suitable for drying such heat-sensitive materials as herbs and vegetables. Pack- aging and storage effects on microbiological quality of dried herbs. keywords: air; drum; dryer; drying; n c; n d; product; temperature cache: afs-5726.pdf plain text: afs-5726.txt item: #306 of 2310 id: afs-5727 author: VOLDEN, B.; SVEISTRUP, T.; JØRGENSEN, M. title: Effects of traffic and fertilization levels on grass yields in northern Norway date: 2002 words: 7047 flesch: 71 summary: Soil compaction and drainage systems of peat soils in northern Norway. Ås, Norway Experiments with various traffic regimes in grassland (no traffic, light and medium tractor with two mechanisation lines; forage harvester and two-step harvesting) and three fertilization levels (N 120, 180, 240 kg ha–1) were carried out in five fields on sandy soils and peat soils in Bodø, northern Norway. keywords: compaction; ha–1; n c; n d; peat; soils; tractor; traffic; yield cache: afs-5727.pdf plain text: afs-5727.txt item: #307 of 2310 id: afs-5728 author: MARIN, M.; YBARRA, M.; FÉ, A. title: Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and pesticides on Cynara cardunculus growth date: 2002 words: 4099 flesch: 60 summary: A nursery trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation on the biomass yield of wild cardoon seedlings and the effect of the pesticides fosetyl-Al, folpet and propamocarb, as fungi- cides, and isofenphos, phoxim and oxamyl, as insecticides, on cardoon plant growth and the mycor- rhization. After 8 weeks of culture, cardoon plants were harvested. keywords: amf; cardoon; colonisation; fungi; fungicides; mycorrhizal; pesticides; plants; seedlings cache: afs-5728.pdf plain text: afs-5728.txt item: #308 of 2310 id: afs-5729 author: SAARELA, I. title: Phosphorus in Finnish soils in the 1900s with particular reference to the acid ammonium acetate soil test date: 2002 words: 10189 flesch: 63 summary: Subsequent targets were the chemical fractions of soil P and the sorption of phosphate in relation to the contents of extractable Al and Fe in soils (Salonen 1941) and the amount and characteris- tics of the organic forms of soil P (Kaila 1948). Total P, mg kg–1 Chemical fractions of soil P, mg kg–1 (mean) Mean Range Organic “Al-P” “Fe-P” “Ca-P” P-satur. keywords: acetate; acid; ammonium; e n; fertilisation; finland; finnish; kaila; method; mineral; n c; n d; peat; phosphorus; saarela; soils; total; values cache: afs-5729.pdf plain text: afs-5729.txt item: #309 of 2310 id: afs-5730 author: None title: afs-5730 date: None words: 7107 flesch: 71 summary: Key words: cultivated soil, heavy metals, macronutrients, trace elements, soil monitoring, soil testing © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received April 2002 Introduction The quality of cultivated soils is of a great agri- cultural, nutritional and environmental impor- tance to society. In 1998, soil Cd was at the same level as it had been in 1987 (Table 1). keywords: fertilisers; finland; finnish; ha–1; monitoring; n d; sippola; soil cache: afs-5730.pdf plain text: afs-5730.txt item: #310 of 2310 id: afs-5731 author: MÄNTYLAHTI, V.; LAAKSO, P. title: Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils in South Savo province date: 2002 words: 10207 flesch: 74 summary: The enrichment of elements (e.g. arsenic, cad- mium, and lead) in topsoil (Aichberger et al. 1982, Kabata-Pendias and Adriano 1995) and the use of agrochemicals (e.g. Mäkelä-Kurtto 1998) explained the higher concentrations of cadmi- um, copper and mercury in organogenic soils because the chemicals were spread in units of grams (or kilograms) per hectare and the results of the soil analysis were calculated in units of mg kg–1 soil. Details and origin of soil samples taken from farms in South Savo province, Finland, in 2000. keywords: arsenic; concentrations; kg–1; l–1; mineral; n c; n d; results; samples; soil; values cache: afs-5731.pdf plain text: afs-5731.txt item: #311 of 2310 id: afs-5732 author: NISKANEN, R. title: Nutritional status in commercial currant fields date: 2002 words: 5488 flesch: 69 summary: High soil P values were found in a part of currant fields. Then low soil nutrient values have led to high fertili- zation recommendations and possibly to use of superfluous high fertilizer doses. Acknowledgements. keywords: analysis; black; currant; fields; leaf; n d; niskanen; red; soil; values; white cache: afs-5732.pdf plain text: afs-5732.txt item: #312 of 2310 id: afs-5733 author: VESTBERG, M.; KUKKONEN, S.; SAARI, K. title: Cropping system impact on soil quality determinants date: 2002 words: 10579 flesch: 68 summary: Key words: liming, soil property, soil quality indicator, soil resilience A number of biological soil properties have been reported to respond to changes in agricul- tural practices, thus having a potential to be used as specific indicators of soil quality. © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received March 2002 Cropping system impact on soil quality determinants Mauritz Vestberg, Sanna Kukkonen, Kaisa Saari, Marjatta Uosukainen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Laukaa Research and Elite Plant Station, Antinniementie 1, FIN-41330 Vihtavuori, Finland, e-mail: mauritz.vestberg@mtt.fi Ansa Palojärvi MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Environmental Research, Soils and Environment, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Tuomo Tuovinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Plant Protection, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Milja Vepsäläinen and Maarit Niemi Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland Worldwide interest in soil quality evaluation has increased rapidly throughout the past decade, prompt- ing us to evaluate the long-term impact of four cropping systems on several biological, chemical and physical determinants of soil quality. keywords: barley; c e; e n; n c; n d; organic; plots; quality; rotation; soil cache: afs-5733.pdf plain text: afs-5733.txt item: #313 of 2310 id: afs-5734 author: UUSITALO, R.; JANSSON, H. title: Dissolved reactive phosphorus in runoff assessed by soil extraction with an acetate buffer date: 2002 words: 6623 flesch: 63 summary: Concentration of dissolved reactive P (DRP) in sur- face runoff at the L. Rehtijärvi catchment as a function of soil test P concentration (AAAc-P) in phough-layer (n = 18). Concentration of dissolved reactive P (DRP) in sub- surface drainage water at the L. Rehtijärvi catchment as a function of soil test P concentration (AAAc-P) in phough- layer (n = 36). keywords: aaac; catchment; concentration; drp; l–1; n c; n d; phosphorus; rehtijärvi; runoff; soil; water cache: afs-5734.pdf plain text: afs-5734.txt item: #314 of 2310 id: afs-57343 author: Seppä, Laila; Tahvonen, Risto; Tuorila, Hely title: Annual variation in sensory characteristics of seventeen apple cultivars date: 2016 words: 9299 flesch: 65 summary: Apple cultivars included in the study with their breed, characteristics and DD5, the requirement for cumulative base temperature over 5°C during growing season (Tahvonen 2007, Krannila and Paalo 2008) Seasonal category Cultivar DD5 Parentage Origin of cultivar Available in Finland since Maturation in storage Storage life/ weeks Summer Pirja 972 Huvitus x Melba LUKE a) 1980 no 2 Vuokko 1100 Melba x Huvitus LUKE 1999 no 4-6 Petteri 1120 Flavour and texture changes in apple cultivars during storage. keywords: apple; attributes; cultivars; et al; flavour; food; harvest; lobo; quality; red; science; season; seppä; texture; year cache: afs-57343.pdf plain text: afs-57343.txt item: #315 of 2310 id: afs-5735 author: UUSI-KÄMPPÄ, J. title: Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from a feedlot for suckler cows date: 2002 words: 8601 flesch: 76 summary: In this area, the concentrations of NH4-N and TN in percolation water were as high as those which Yang and Lorimor (2000) report- ed in surface runoff from an American concrete feedlot (380 beef animals per 2.3 ha): 108 mg NH4-N l–1 and 177 mg TN l–1. Soil sampling and analyses Soil samples were taken to measure nitrogen leaching into deeper soil layers and to analyse phosphorus content in the soil surface. keywords: e n; feedlot; l–1; n c; n d; nh4; nitrogen; no3; pens; soil; water cache: afs-5735.pdf plain text: afs-5735.txt item: #316 of 2310 id: afs-5736 author: PELTOVUORI, T. title: Phosphorus extractability in surface soil samples as affected by mixing with subsoil date: 2002 words: 4873 flesch: 57 summary: Despite the importance of sampling as part of soil P management, few studies have dealt with possible errors induced by improper sampling or bulking of original sam- ples to composite samples. Decreasing the area of high P content soils would be important in protecting the surface waters because the concentration of PO4-P in runoff waters is primarily controlled by the P status of surface soils (Yli-Halla et al. 1995). keywords: horizon; n c; n d; phosphorus; results; samples; soil; surface cache: afs-5736.pdf plain text: afs-5736.txt item: #317 of 2310 id: afs-5737 author: PALOJÄRVI, A.; NUUTINEN, V. title: The soil quality concept and its importance in the study of Finnish arable soils date: 2002 words: 8723 flesch: 56 summary: In contrast, follow-up of the physical and biological soil components, which are increasingly seen as important features of soil quality, is rudi- mentary. It is clear that more basic re- search is needed to provide scientists and advisors with a solid basis for transmitting reliable infor- mation on soil quality. keywords: assessment; concept; doran; e n; earthworms; finland; indicators; management; monitoring; n c; n d; nuutinen; properties; quality; quality indicators; soil; soil quality; use cache: afs-5737.pdf plain text: afs-5737.txt item: #318 of 2310 id: afs-5738 author: TALKKARI, A.; JAUHIAINEN, L.; YLI-HALLA, M. title: Geostatistical prediction of clay percentage based on soil survey data date: 2002 words: 4849 flesch: 63 summary: Key words: clay soils, geostatistics, kriging, sampling, soil types, spatial variation Introduction In precision farming fertilizers are applied to meet the needs of the crop and, on the other hand, to avoid excessive applications with the associ- ated environmental implications. Responding to soil variation at any scale requires suitable systems for processing the data and gen- erating from it information to assist in making decisions (Lark and Bolam1997). keywords: clay; content; data; model; n c; n d; soil; variation cache: afs-5738.pdf plain text: afs-5738.txt item: #319 of 2310 id: afs-5739 author: KAVCIC, S.; ERJAVEC, E.; MERGOS, G. title: EU enlargement and the Common Agricultural Policy: The case of Slovenia date: 2003 words: 10148 flesch: 58 summary: Agricultural policy analysis model for Slovenian agri- culture. In the liter- ature, multi-commodity partial equilibrium econometric models are still the basic tool for agricultural policy analyses (Tongeren et al. 2000). keywords: accession; agricultural; analysis; e n; european; income; model; n c; n d; policy; price; production; scenario; slovenia cache: afs-5739.pdf plain text: afs-5739.txt item: #320 of 2310 id: afs-5740 author: VIRKAJÄRVI, P.; SAIRANEN, A.; NOUSIAINEN, J.I. title: Sward and milk production response to early turnout of dairy cows to pasture in Finland date: 2003 words: 9183 flesch: 71 summary: The TE and TN turnout dates were 1 June and 6 June, respectively. Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 SEM P value TE TN TE TN TE TN Period Turnout Period × Turnout Pre-grazing Sward height (cm) 28.7 43.0 28.5 31.8 24.6 29.8 (1.6) (2.5) (1.2) (1.0) (1.1) (1.3) HM (kg ha–1) 1680 3100 1760 1990 1420 1880 (145) (238) (96) (65) (84) (105) keywords: date; effect; grazing; n c; n d; period; production; tillers; trial; turnout cache: afs-5740.pdf plain text: afs-5740.txt item: #321 of 2310 id: afs-5741 author: HELLQVIST, S.; FINELL, M.; LANDSTRÖM, S. title: Reed canary grass observations of effects on crop stand and fibre quality caused by infestation of Epicalamus phalaridis date: 2003 words: 5173 flesch: 70 summary: Correlation coefficients were calculated to test whether the length of fertile shoots was related to the number of midge infested internodes. Year Percentage Infested Average Examined Percentage Infested Examined infested internodes shoot shoots, total infested internodes shoots, total /shoot, nr length, cm number /shoot, nr number V1 1996 100.2 (±0)2. 2.44 keywords: crop; field; internodes; midge; shoots cache: afs-5741.pdf plain text: afs-5741.txt item: #322 of 2310 id: afs-57413 author: Jankowski, Krzysztof Józef; Sokólski, Mateusz; Dubis, Bogdan; Krzebietke, Sławomir; Żarczyński, Piotr; Hulanicki, Paweł; Hulanicki, Piotr Stanisław title: Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds in response to foliar application of boron date: 2016 words: 8867 flesch: 60 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE K. Jankowski et al. (2016) 25: 164–176 164 Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds in response to foliar application of boron Krzysztof J. Jankowski1, Mateusz Sokólski1, Bogdan Dubis1, Sławomir Krzebietke2, Piotr Żarczyński2, Paweł Hulanicki1, Piotr S. Hulanicki3, 1Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Production Management and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland 2Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland 3Kazgod Ltd, Wierzbowa 7, 05-870 Błonie, Poland email: krzysztof.jankowski@uwm.edu.pl This paper presents the results of a 3-year field experiment conducted on soil with moderate levels of boron (B) in north-eastern Poland to determine the influence of foliar application of B (0, 150 and 300 g ha-1) on the yield components, yield, mineral composition, nutritional value and feed value of winter oilseed rape seeds. The observed increase in the yield of winter oilseed rape seeds in response to foliar application of B can be attributed to this micronutrient’s positive influence on seed production in siliques. keywords: application; boron; content; et al; fertilization; foliar; ha-1; oilseed; oilseed rape; rape; seeds; winter; winter oilseed; yield cache: afs-57413.pdf plain text: afs-57413.txt item: #323 of 2310 id: afs-5742 author: PARTANEN, K.; ALAVIUHKOLA, T.; SILJANDER-RASI, H. title: Faba beans in diets for growing-finishing pigs date: 2003 words: 8171 flesch: 68 summary: Faba beans have been shown to influence carbohydrate metabolism; lower plas- ma glucose concentrations have been measured in rats offered faba bean diets compared to those offered diets with peas or soya beans (Fernán- dez-Quintela et al. 1998). Faba beans are known to contain various an- tinutritive factors, e.g. tannins, lectins, and trypsin inhibitors, which may have contributed to the decreased performance results observed with high faba bean diets. keywords: barley; bean; bean meal; diets; faba; faba beans; feed; meal; meat; n c; n d; pigs; rapeseed; rapeseed meal; soya cache: afs-5742.pdf plain text: afs-5742.txt item: #324 of 2310 id: afs-5743 author: HEIKKILÄ, J.; PELTOLA, J. title: Conceptualising the economics of plant health protection against invasive pests date: 2003 words: 9034 flesch: 63 summary: First, there are changes in producer surplus due to price changes, pest control costs and the value of lost production, caused by control not being perfect- ly effective and/or interim damage occurring before control is applied. Given that so far we do not have data for reactive control costs in Finland, it is comforting to observe that it is not a critical variable here. keywords: c e; c u; case; control; costs; damage; e n; invasion; magnitude; n c; n d; price; protection; reactive; strategy cache: afs-5743.pdf plain text: afs-5743.txt item: #325 of 2310 id: afs-5744 author: TAURIAINEN, S.; SANKARI, S.; PYÖRÄLÄ, S. title: Effect of anionic salts on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and udder oedema of dry pregnant cows date: 2003 words: 5799 flesch: 65 summary: Effect of anionic salts on dry cows charged cations Effect of anionic salts on dry cows of clinical milk fever. keywords: blood; cows; dcab; e n; n c; n d; oedema; udder cache: afs-5744.pdf plain text: afs-5744.txt item: #326 of 2310 id: afs-5745 author: SUOJALA, T. title: Yield potential of chive: Effects of cultivar, plastic mulch and fertilisation date: 2003 words: 5842 flesch: 68 summary: Some hybrid cultivars have been bred which have higher plants, larger leaves and higher yield than open- pollinated cultivars (Tatlioglu and Wricke 1980). Otherwise, the double nitrogen dose increased yield in all harvests in the second and third years, and NPK fertiliser produced higher yield than nitrogen alone in the fourth harvest in 2001 and in the third and fourth harvests in 2002. keywords: e n; n c; n d; yield cache: afs-5745.pdf plain text: afs-5745.txt item: #327 of 2310 id: afs-5746 author: AFLATUNI, A.; UUSITALO, J.; EK, S. title: Effect of liming on yield and quality of peppermint and Sachalin mint in fine sand soil of Northern Finland date: 2003 words: 4843 flesch: 73 summary: Soil pH profoundly affects the growth and nutrient uptake by crops. Matusiewicz (1972) studied pep- permint of the Mitcham variety for three years in five combinations of soil pH, ranging from 4.7 to 6.9. keywords: e n; liming; mint; n c; n d; soil; yield cache: afs-5746.pdf plain text: afs-5746.txt item: #328 of 2310 id: afs-5747 author: SAARELA, I.; JÄRVI, A.; HAKKOLA, H. title: Phosphorus status of diverse soils in Finland as influenced by long-term P fertilisation I.Native and previously applied P at 24 experimental sites date: 2003 words: 10158 flesch: 69 summary: Results and discussion Total and acid-extractable P Total concentrations of soil P at the start of the experiment (Table 3) agreed well with the earli- er results for Finnish soils (Kaila 1963), as the somewhat higher minimum and mean values re- flect the continuous accumulation of fertiliser P over the intervening years. Over the years, the availability of soil P has gradually improved as a result of balance sur- pluses, and note needs to be taken of this so that heavy P applications are not continued for an unnecessarily long time. keywords: e n; finland; finnish; mineral; n c; n d; phosphorus; saarela; soils; stp; values cache: afs-5747.pdf plain text: afs-5747.txt item: #329 of 2310 id: afs-5748 author: VANHALA, P.; PIETOLA, L. title: Effect of conservation tillage and peat application on weed infestation on a clay soil date: 2003 words: 6722 flesch: 70 summary: – – – X X – X X X X Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill X X X X X – X X – – Myosurus minimus L. – – – – – X – – – – Polygonum aviculare L. X X X – X X X X X X Polygonum convolvulus L. X X – – X X X X X X Polygonum lapathifolium L. – – – – – X – X X X Polygonum persicaria L – – – – – X – X X X Senecio vulgaris L. – X – – – – X – – – Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers X X X X X X X X X X Thlaspi arvense L. X X X X X X X X X X Trifolium L. spp. – X X X X – X X – – Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) C.H.Schultz X X X X X X X X X X Tussilago farfara L. – – – – – – – – X – Vicia L. spp. – – X – – – – – – – Viola arvensis Murr. No peat applied Peat applied MP SC 1 SC 2 DC 1 DC 2 MP SC 1 SC 2 DC 1 DC 2 Chenopodium album L. X X X X X X X X X X Fumaria officinalis L. X X X X X X X X X X Galium spurium L. X X X X X X X X X X Lamium purpureum L. X X X X X X X X X X Stellaria media (L.) Vill./Cyr. X X X X X X X X X X Bistorta vivipara (L.) Gray – – – – – X – X – X Brassica rapa L. ssp. keywords: cultivation; e n; n c; n d; peat; soil; tillage; weed cache: afs-5748.pdf plain text: afs-5748.txt item: #330 of 2310 id: afs-5749 author: SAHRAMAA, M.; IHAMÄKI, H.; JAUHIAINEN, L. title: Variation in biomass related variables of reed canary grass date: 2003 words: 7293 flesch: 67 summary: Three factors established accounted for 45% of the variance and they were defined as “high biomass yield”, “leaf-shoot relationship” and “fast devel- opment”. +0.49 Panicle number (m-2) +0.50 Shoot number (per stem) –0.58 +0.45 Node number (per stem) +0.43 Plant height (cm) +0.41 Leaf area index (per surface) –0.48 –0.48 Seed ripening (days of degree) –0.69 Overwintering (%) +0.54 Straw fraction (%) +0.59 Leaf and leaf sheath fraction (%) –0.76 Shoot fraction (%) –0.74 +0.44 Node fraction (%) +0.54 termed “high biomass yield”, “leaf-shoot rela- tionship” and “fast development” and they ac- counted 45% of the variance. keywords: biomass; breeding; canary; e n; finland; fraction; grass; lai; leaf; n c; n d; number; plant; yield cache: afs-5749.pdf plain text: afs-5749.txt item: #331 of 2310 id: afs-5750 author: KÄNKÄNEN, H.; ERIKSSON, C.; RÄKKÖLÄINEN, M. title: Soil nitrate N as influenced by annually undersown cover crops in spring cereals date: 2003 words: 7751 flesch: 69 summary: Besides N leaching risk on the grounds of soil nitrate N content before winter, timing of the release of cover crop N was studied. Furthermore, N ferti- lisation and its effect on the growth of both the main and undersown crop are also influencing when the effect of undersown crops on soil N is measured. keywords: clover; content; crop; effect; ha-1; leaching; n d; no3; red; ryegrass; soil; undersowing cache: afs-5750.pdf plain text: afs-5750.txt item: #332 of 2310 id: afs-5751 author: SAHRAMAA, M. title: Evaluation of reed canary grass for different end-uses and in breeding date: 2003 words: 11519 flesch: 72 summary: A few populations had both high seed pro- duction and high non-food indices. Populations with high seed production index and high forage in- dex were local populations RH13 (Lemu), RH27 (Tammela), RH47 (Jalasjärvi) and RH87 (Vöyri), breeding line Jo0510 and cultivars Motterwitzer and Pervenets. keywords: biomass; breeding; food; forage; n d; populations; production; r h; seed; yield cache: afs-5751.pdf plain text: afs-5751.txt item: #333 of 2310 id: afs-5752 author: MELA, T. title: Red clover grown in a mixture with grasses : yield, persistence and dynamics of quality characteristics date: 2003 words: 10105 flesch: 73 summary: Dry matter yields (kg ha-1) of red clover grass mixture as influenced by number of cuts and N-fertilization in Jokioinen in 1990–1992. N, No. of cuts kg ha-1 1990 1991 1992 2 3 4–5 mean 2 3 4–5 mean mean 0 10370 9640 8270 9430a 4160 3440 3240 3610a 1990a 30 9940 9340 8070 9120a 4890 3670 3320 3960a 2150a 60 11200 9500 7980 9560a 6650 3840 3580 4690b 2560b 90 10400 9640 8150 9400a 6570 3950 3710 4740b 2740b mean 10480a 9530ab 8120b 5570a 3730b 3460b (1992) 2960a 2180b 1940b Statistical significancies: The different letters indicate significant difference at P ≤ 0.05 1990 A***, B*, C***, AxB***, AxC***, BxC NS, AxBxC* 1991 Dry matter yields (kg ha-1) of red clover grass mixture as influenced by number of cuts and N-fertilization in Jokioinen in 1992–1995. N, No. of cuts kg ha-1 1992 1993 1994 1995 mean 2 3 4 mean 2 3 4 mean 2 3 4 mean 0 4110a 6730 4900 3430 5020a 3790 3040 2390 3070a 3900 2630 2070 2870a 30 4460ab 7290 5220 3790 5430ab 5830 4630 3080 4510b 4110 3150 2550 3270b 60 4980bc 8440 5600 4000 6010bc 6910 5020 3530 5150c 4370 3620 2380 3460b 90 5430c 8710 6130 4410 6420c 7410 5780 4080 5760d 5060 3840 2830 3910c mean 7790a 5460b 3910b 5990a 4620b 3270c 4360a 3310b 2460c Statistical significancies: The different letters indicate significant difference at P ≤ 0.05 1992 B***, C***, BxC NS 1993 A***, B***, C***, AxB***, AxC NS, BxC NS, AxBxC NS 1994 A***, B***, C***, AxB***, AxC**, BxC**, AxBxC*** 1995 A***, B***, C NS, AxB***, AxC***, BxC NS, AxBxC NS A = number of cuts, B = N-fertilization, C = row distance strated by generation of statistically significant A*B interaction effects. keywords: c e; c u; clover; content; cut; e n; fertilization; finland; grass; jokioinen; n c; n d; red; red clover; regrowth; sward cache: afs-5752.pdf plain text: afs-5752.txt item: #334 of 2310 id: afs-5753 author: HUAN-NIEMI, E. title: The impact of further tariff reduction on the EU sugar sector in the forthcoming multilateral round date: 2003 words: 4744 flesch: 60 summary: The linear reduction formulas of the Uruguay Round and Harbinson proposal are applied directly to the specific tar- iff rate for EU raw sugar in 2004/2005. Howev- er, the specific tariff rate for EU raw sugar is converted into ad-valorem equivalent for further tariff reduction under the Swiss formula. keywords: euro; price; reduction; round; sugar; tariff; world cache: afs-5753.pdf plain text: afs-5753.txt item: #335 of 2310 id: afs-5754 author: SIMOJOKI, A.; XUE, T.; LUKKARI, K. title: Allocation of added selenium in lettuce and its impact on roots date: 2003 words: 5823 flesch: 62 summary: The second component accounted for the in- crease in plant Se content accompanied by thick- ening and shortening of lateral and basal roots, 160 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Dry mass of shoots Se content in rootsa Lateral roots Basal roots Hypocotyl Lateral roots Basal roots Hypocotyl Dry mass 0.90*** 0.73*** 0.66*** 0.04 –0.22 –0.40 Width –0.08 0.36 0.70*** 0.55** 0.21 –0.11 Specific length –0.27 –0.42* –0.74*** –0.27 –0.10 0.15 Specific surface area –0.49* –0.54** –0.79*** 0.18 0.04 0.30 Specific volume –0.41* –0.52** 0.29 0.53** 0.47* 0.18 n = 24; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 a Average including all root types (lateral, basal, hypocotyl) pocotyl, and negatively with the specific length of hypocotyl and the specific surface areas of all root classes (Table 4). keywords: content; growth; lettuce; n d; plant; roots; selenium cache: afs-5754.pdf plain text: afs-5754.txt item: #336 of 2310 id: afs-5755 author: VIRKAJÄRVI, P. title: Effects of defoliation height on regrowth of timothy and meadow fescue in the generative and vegetative phases of growth date: 2003 words: 9965 flesch: 71 summary: I N L A N D Vol. 12 (2003): 177–193. Effects of defoliation height on regrowth of timothy and meadow fescue in the generative and vegetative phases of growth Perttu Virkajärvi MTT Agrifood Research Finland, North Savo Research Station, FIN-71750 Maaninka, Finland, e-mail: perttu.virkajarvi@mtt.fi Post-defoliation carbohydrate stores, leaf area and the number of active meristems are important factors affecting the subsequent regrowth of grasses. Defoliation height affects the magnitude of all these factors. keywords: august; defoliation; defoliation height; fescue; height; june; meadow; n c; n d; regrowth; tillers; timothy cache: afs-5755.pdf plain text: afs-5755.txt item: #337 of 2310 id: afs-5756 author: NIEMI, J. title: Cointegration and error correction modelling of agricultural commodity trade: The case of ASEAN agricultural exports to the EU date: 2003 words: 74240 flesch: 61 summary: Variable Variable description Sources Md EU total quantity of imports in the EU EUROSTAT Mva EU total value of imports in the EU in euros EUROSTAT Xd IN quantity of export from Indonesia to the EU EUROSTAT Xd MA quantity of export from Malaysia to the EU EUROSTAT Xd PH quantity of export from Philippines to the EU EUROSTAT Xd TH quantity of export from Thailand to the EU EUROSTAT Xva IN value of export from Indonesia to the EU in euros EUROSTAT Xva MA value of export from Malaysia to the EU in euros EUROSTAT Xva PH value of export from Philippines to the EU in euros EUROSTAT Xva TH value of export from Thailand to the EU in euros EUROSTAT P W world market price of the commodity calculated P EU import price of the EU, P EU = Mva EU /Md EU calculated P IN export price of Indonesia to the EU, P IN = Xva IN /Xd IN calculated P MA export price of Malaysia to the EU, P MA = Xva MA /Xd MA calculated P PH export price of Philippines to the EU, P PH = Xva PH /Xd PH calculated P TH export price of Thailand to the EU, P TH = Xva TH /Xd TH calculated Y EU Gross domestic product index of the EU IMF D EU Consumer price index in the EU EUROSTAT D IN Consumer price index in Indonesia IMF D MA Consumer price index in Malaysia IMF D PH Consumer price index in the Philippines IMF D TH Consumer price index in Thailand IMF ER IN Exchange rate of euro in terms of Indonesian rupiah IMF ER MA Exchange rate of euro in terms of Malaysian ringgit IMF ER PH Exchange rate of euro in terms of Philippine peso IMF ER TH Exchange rate of euro in terms of Thai baht IMF P EU /D EU real import price of the EU calculated P⊗ IN /D IN real export price of Indonesia to the EU, P⊗ IN = P IN * ER IN calculated P⊗ MA /D MA real export price of Malaysia to the EU, P⊗ MA = P MA * ER MA calculated P⊗ PH /D PH real export price of Philippines to the EU P⊗ PH = P PH * ER PH calculated P⊗ TH /D TH real export price of Thailand to the EU P⊗ TH = P TH * ER TH calculated 63 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C The relationship between export supply and export price in prima- ry commodity trade is often characterised by long lags, since the effects of price changes usually take many years to obtain the benefits of expand- ed acreage (Lord 1991). keywords: analysis; asean; c e; c u; changes; cointegration; commodities; commodity exports; commodity trade; correction; countries; country; d niemi; d vol; e n; economic; equation; error; eu import; eu market; eu trade; exchange; export; export demand; export price; export subsidy; export supply; g r; import; indonesia; international; l t; level; market; market price; model; modelling; n c; n d; oil; p eu; price; price elasticity; products; rate; run; series; test; time; trade flows; trade policies; trade policy; u l; variables; world; y eu; � � cache: afs-5756.pdf plain text: afs-5756.txt item: #338 of 2310 id: afs-5757 author: HOLLINS, P. D.; KETTLEWELL, P.S.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. title: Relationships between climate and winter cereal grain quality in Finland and their potential for forecasting date: 2004 words: 6655 flesch: 57 summary: In contrast, less work has been carried out examining the relationships between cereal grain quality and the weather. Scatter plots between annual national trial mean cereal growth time (number of days from sowing to harvest) and annual national survey mean cereal hectolitre weights (kg hl–1) for a) rye and b) winter wheat cereal growth regions. keywords: cereal; data; finland; grain; growth; hectolitre; mean; n c; national; quality; rye; weight; wheat; winter cache: afs-5757.pdf plain text: afs-5757.txt item: #339 of 2310 id: afs-5758 author: MIETTINEN, A.; LEHTONEN, H.; HIETALA-KOIVU, R. title: On diversity effects of alternative agricultural policy reforms in Finland: an agricultural sector modelling approach date: 2004 words: 9882 flesch: 57 summary: Diversity of agricultural land use is measured by Shan- non’s diversity index. This will decrease the diversity of agricultural land use at landscape level, but may not be harmful at species level since green fallow has some positive effects, especially on the densities and abundance of farmland birds. keywords: 2004; agenda; agriculture; area; c u; cap; diversity; effects; finland; level; model; n c; policy; production; reform; scenario; sector; support; use; � � cache: afs-5758.pdf plain text: afs-5758.txt item: #340 of 2310 id: afs-5759 author: KHALILI, H.; RINNE, M.; ASPILA, P. title: The effect of free or restricted acidified milk feeding of Finnish Ayrshire bull calves on the subsequent fattening and slaughter performance date: 2004 words: 4256 flesch: 68 summary: These studies were conducted using beef breed animals with considerably longer milk feeding periods, and therefore these results may not be directly com- parable to the present situation. The effect of free or restricted acidified milk feeding of Finnish Ayrshire bull calves on the subsequent fattening and slaughter performance Hannele Khalili, Marketta Rinne MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: hannele.khalili@mtt.fi Pentti Aspila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Ilmo Aronen Raisio Nutrition Ltd., PO Box 101, FI-21201 Raisio, Finland keywords: average; calves; feeding; group; intake; milk; phase cache: afs-5759.pdf plain text: afs-5759.txt item: #341 of 2310 id: afs-5760 author: MOOR, U.; KARP, K.; PÕLDMA, P. title: Effect of mulching and fertilization on the quality of strawberries date: 2004 words: 6493 flesch: 66 summary: The aim of the present research was to study the influence of mulch (plastic and straw), fertilization and the age of plants (two, three and four years) on the quality of strawberry fruits. The aim of the present research was to find out whether it is possible to avoid a considera- ble decrease in fruit size by injecting fertilizers under the plastic mulch in a four-year-old plan- tation, and to study the influence of different mulches, fertilization, and plantation age on sev- eral quality characteristics of strawberry fruits. keywords: average; content; effect; fertilization; fruits; mulch; plantation; plastic; strawberry; vitamin cache: afs-5760.pdf plain text: afs-5760.txt item: #342 of 2310 id: afs-5761 author: JENG, A.; HARALDSEN, T.; VAGSTAD, N. title: Meat and bone meal as nitrogen fertilizer to cereals in Norway date: 2004 words: 4573 flesch: 62 summary: Calculated RNUE was as high as 91% for treatment C. For Treatment G (N 100 kg N ha-1, equal amounts of total N from MBM and mineral N), NUE was somewhat lower than for Treatment C. RNUE for Treat- ment G was calculated to be 81%, i.e. lower than for MBM alone as N supplier. The best N-fertilizer response of MBM was found at Treatment 8, which represented the highest lev- els of MBM and mineral N, and also had the highest yield. keywords: experiment; fertilizer; field; ha-1; mbm; mineral; nitrogen; soil; treatments cache: afs-5761.pdf plain text: afs-5761.txt item: #343 of 2310 id: afs-5762 author: SAARELA, I.; JÄRVI, A.; HAKKOLA, H. title: Phosphorus status of diverse soils in Finland as influenced by long-term P fertilisation 2.Changes of soil test values in relation to P balance with references to incorporation depth of residual and freshly applied P date: 2004 words: 11187 flesch: 62 summary: The total pool of soil P was also influenced by leaching and erosion. The higher percentages of applied P previously recovered by Barkoff (1959) in the chemical fractionation of soil P may be explained at least in part by the infrequent tillage operations, as typical for the old ley-dom- inated crop rotation. keywords: c e; c u; et al; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; initial; n c; pac; phosphorus; saarela; soil; status; values cache: afs-5762.pdf plain text: afs-5762.txt item: #344 of 2310 id: afs-5763 author: KUUSELA, E. title: Annual and seasonal changes in production and composition of grazed clover-grass mixtures in organic farming date: 2004 words: 9260 flesch: 65 summary: 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 Alsike clover mixture Red clover mixture White clover mixture White-alsike clover mixture Grass mixture 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 315 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C Proportion of grasses in pre-grazing herbage dry matter Proportion of clovers in pre-grazing herbage dry matter Proportion of weeds in pre-grazing herbage dry matter 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 96/1 96/2 96/3 96/4 96/5 97/1 97/2 97/3 97/4 97/5 98/1 98/2 98/3 98/4 98/5 White-alsike clover mixture Grass mixture Alsike clover mixture Red clover mixture White clover mixture 318 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C keywords: c e; clover; content; grass; grazing; herbage; mixtures; post; pre; production; proportion; seed; sward; white cache: afs-5763.pdf plain text: afs-5763.txt item: #345 of 2310 id: afs-5764 author: MUSTONEN, L. title: Yield formation and quality characteristics of early potatoes during a short growing period date: 2004 words: 6226 flesch: 65 summary: At fi rst early harvest dry matter content of tubers was very low (13.8–17.2%) and the high ni- trogen application produced the lowest dry matter content (13.8%) in cultivar Timo (Table 5). Accumulated day-degrees as a measure of physiological age and the relationships with growth and yield in early potato cultivars. keywords: application; content; cultivar; harvest; matter; nitrate; nitrogen; potato; timo; tubers; yield cache: afs-5764.pdf plain text: afs-5764.txt item: #346 of 2310 id: afs-5765 author: LEHTINEN, A.; HANNUKKALA, A. title: Oospores of Phytphthora infestans in soil provide an important new source of primary inoculum in Finland date: 2004 words: 7212 flesch: 67 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2003 Oospores of P hytophthora infestans in soil provide an important new source of primary inoculum in Finland Ari Lehtinen and Asko Hannukkala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Plant Protection, FI- 31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: ari.lehtinen@mtt.fi and asko.hannukkala@mtt.fi There have been numerous indications since the 1990s that oospore-derived primary infections play an in- creasing role in the epidemiology of potato late blight. Key words: potatoes, Solanum tuberosum, potato late blight, Phytophthora infestans, epidemiology, oospores, mating type, sexual reproduction, soil borne inoculum Introduction Potato late blight, which is caused by the oomyc- ete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is a worldwide devastating disease of potatoes. keywords: blight; epidemics; finland; foci; infestans; mating; oospores; phytophthora; potato; soil; type cache: afs-5765.pdf plain text: afs-5765.txt item: #347 of 2310 id: afs-5766 author: VAHLSTEN, T.; MÄNTYSAARI, E.; STRANDÉN, I. title: Coefficients of relationship and inbreeding among Finnish Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian date: 2004 words: 5598 flesch: 66 summary: The mean coeffi cient of relation- ship of Ayrshire bulls increased 2.22 %-units per generation and inbreeding increased 0.20 %-units per generation during the years studied. However, especially the coeffi cients of relationship of Ayrshire bulls are high in some age classes and this may lead into faster increase in coeffi cients of inbreeding. keywords: average; ayrshire; bulls; cient; coeffi; coeffi cient; cows; finnish; friesian; generation; holstein; inbreeding; relationship cache: afs-5766.pdf plain text: afs-5766.txt item: #348 of 2310 id: afs-5767 author: MANNINEN, M.; SAARIJÄRVI, K.; HUHTA, H. title: Effects of winter feeding strategies with alternative feeds on the performance of mature suckler cows and their progeny date: 2004 words: 9988 flesch: 68 summary: Suckler cow feeding strategies. The effects of treatments on cow feed intake, diet digestibility (Exp2), live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), milk production (Exp1), incidence of dystocia and calf performances are discussed in this paper. keywords: c e; calving; cows; days; diet; energy; exp1; exp2; experiment; feeding; grazing; manninen; milk; performance; period; production; silage; strategy; straw cache: afs-5767.pdf plain text: afs-5767.txt item: #349 of 2310 id: afs-5768 author: SLÅNBERG, L.; HYLANDER, L. title: Appropriate classification of three Swedish soils for agrarian and environmental management date: 2004 words: 9640 flesch: 70 summary: Key words: nutrient leakage, phosphorus sorption, soil classifi cation, Soil Taxonomy, World Reference Base for Soil Resources Introduction The European Parliament decided in 2002 to give soil quality the same status as water and air in or- der to protect the soils from further degradation and to safeguard the fertility and agronomic value of agricultural land (Commission of the European Communities 2002, p. 8). A basic system of soil classifi cation for making and interpreting soil sur- veys. keywords: bjärröd; cation; classifi; classifi cation; götala; horizon; site; soil; sweden; swedish; taxonomy; wrb cache: afs-5768.pdf plain text: afs-5768.txt item: #350 of 2310 id: afs-5769 author: KOIVULA, M.; KYMÄLÄINEN, H-R.; VANNE, L. title: Microbial quality of linseed and fibre hemp plants during growing and harvest seasons date: 2004 words: 6776 flesch: 68 summary: Microbial quality of linseed and fi bre hemp plants Ta bl e 1. T he a m ou nt o f ba ct er ia in th e fi e ld s am pl es f ro m S iu nt io , F in la nd d ur in g th e ha rv es tin g pe ri od s an d fr os t- re tti ng . Microbial quality of linseed and fi bre hemp plants cfu g-1, and the amount of bacteria should be be- low 105 cfu g-1 in building materials (STM 2003). keywords: bre; hemp; linseed; plants; quality; season cache: afs-5769.pdf plain text: afs-5769.txt item: #351 of 2310 id: afs-5770 author: MA, R.; PULLI, S. title: Factors influencing somatic embryogenesis and regeneration ability in somatic tissue culture of spring and winter rye date: 2004 words: 8395 flesch: 58 summary: Plant materials, which were used for immature embryo culture and in- fl orescence culture, were grown in a greenhouse (18/16ºC, day/night temperature, 16-h photoperiod at about 200 µmol m-2s-1). Effects of ecotypes, genotypes and cold pre-treatment on somatic embryogenesis (embryogenic calli per 100 em- bryos) in immature embryo culture of rye. keywords: culture; embryogenesis; embryogenic; embryos; genotypes; immature; infl; medium; plant; plant regeneration; regeneration; rye; tissue cache: afs-5770.pdf plain text: afs-5770.txt item: #352 of 2310 id: afs-5771 author: PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; KONTTURI, M.; RAJALA, A. title: Impact dehulling oat grain to improve quality of on-farm produced feed : 1.Hullability and associated changes in nutritive value and energy content date: 2004 words: 5932 flesch: 66 summary: Impact dehulling proved to be a potentially useful method to increase ener- gy content of oat grains on-farm. For these reasons, high hull content of oat grain is the major determinant of decreas- ing nutritional quality, which is important if oat is used for feed. keywords: content; dehulling; energy; grain; groat; hulls; impact; moisture; oat; rotation; yield cache: afs-5771.pdf plain text: afs-5771.txt item: #353 of 2310 id: afs-5772 author: PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; LEHTINEN, P.; KONTTURI, M. title: Impact dehulling oat grain to improve quality of on-farm produced feed : 2.Groat breakage and storability date: 2004 words: 5224 flesch: 65 summary: Storability of dehulled oat groats (Experiment 3) Groat yield from Experiment 1 was stored in sealed boxes at 10, 20 and 30˚C for five months. A laboratory model of an impact oat dehuller, similar to a commercial device, was used to study the effects of rotation speed and grain moisture content on groat breakage and the storage life of oat groats. keywords: breakage; content; dehulling; grain; groat; impact; min-1; rotation; speed; storage cache: afs-5772.pdf plain text: afs-5772.txt item: #354 of 2310 id: afs-5773 author: KEMPE, R.; SAASTAMOINEN, M.; HYYPPÄ, S. title: Composition, digestibility and nutritive value of cereals for dogs date: 2004 words: 8352 flesch: 65 summary: Using dry food where oat groats is the main cereal component, may also promote con- tinual recovery (in addition of post-exercise sup- plements) of protein and glycogen stores after exercise due to an enhanced glucose and insulin responses of oat groats diet. Acknowledgements. Any of the cereals test- ed can be used in dog diets without major nega- tive effects on digestion. keywords: barley; basal; cereals; content; corn; crude; diet; digestibility; dogs; energy; fat; fibre; groats; nutrient; oat; oat groats; protein; rice; wheat cache: afs-5773.pdf plain text: afs-5773.txt item: #355 of 2310 id: afs-5774 author: LOPONEN, J. title: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides in Finnish cereals: a database survey date: 2004 words: 3659 flesch: 59 summary: Characterization of inhibition and stability of soy-protein-derived angiotensin I-convert- ing enzyme inhibitory peptides. Candidate peptides were selected based on following criteria: keywords: ace; angiotensin; cereal; enzyme; et al; peptides; proteins; wheat cache: afs-5774.pdf plain text: afs-5774.txt item: #356 of 2310 id: afs-5775 author: EUROLA, M.; HIETANIEMI, V.; KONTTURI, M. title: Selenium content of Finnish oats in 1997-1999: effect of cultivars and cultivation techniques date: 2004 words: 4309 flesch: 65 summary: Organic cultivation resulted in signifi- cantly (P = 0.006, confidence interval –4.1 to –1.0) lower Se contents than conventional culti- vation. The effect of culti- var on Se contents in organic cultivation variety trials could not be analysed, since over 80% of the Se concentrations were below the detection 0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 Veli 1998 keywords: contents; cultivars; cultivation; finland; kg-1; oats; selenium; soils; trials cache: afs-5775.pdf plain text: afs-5775.txt item: #357 of 2310 id: afs-5776 author: SAASTAMOINEN, M.; HIETANIEMI, V.; PIHLAVA, J-M. title: ß-Glucan contents of groats of different oat cultivars in official variety, in organic cultivation, and in nitrogen fertilization trials in Finland date: 2004 words: 7264 flesch: 70 summary: Ma- nipulation of oat β-glucan content using foliar urea. Year, location and cultivar significantly affected the variation in β-glucan content of oats (Table 5), as did the year x location and year x cultivar interactions (Table 5). keywords: contents; cultivars; cultivation; fertilization; glucan; glucan contents; oat; table; trials; variety; year cache: afs-5776.pdf plain text: afs-5776.txt item: #358 of 2310 id: afs-5777 author: ANTTILA, H.; SONTAG-STROHM, T.; SALOVAARA, H. title: Viscosity of beta-glucan in oat products date: 2004 words: 4831 flesch: 64 summary: Extraction of oat gum from oat bran: Effects of process on yield, molecular weight distribution, viscosity and (1–3)(1– 4)-β-D-glucan content of the gum. Gastrointestinal effects of oat bran and oat gum. keywords: beta; bran; cereal; cholesterol; et al; fibre; food; glucan; oat; products; viscosity; weight; wood cache: afs-5777.pdf plain text: afs-5777.txt item: #359 of 2310 id: afs-5778 author: LEHTINEN, P.; LAAKSO, S. title: Role of lipid reactions in quality of oat products date: 2004 words: 6807 flesch: 54 summary: During various process- es, cereal lipids may also be exposed to micro- bial lipase and the role of microbial enzymes in cereal lipid reactions is a controversial subject (O’Connor et al. 1992). Effect of malting on oat lipids. keywords: acid; activity; cereal; et al; fatty; food; hydrolysis; hydroperoxide; journal; lipase; lipid; oat; oxidation; processing; products; reactions cache: afs-5778.pdf plain text: afs-5778.txt item: #360 of 2310 id: afs-5779 author: KAUKOVIRTA-NORJA, A.; WIHELMSON, A.; POUTANEN, K. title: Germination: a means to improve the functionality of oat date: 2004 words: 8668 flesch: 63 summary: Dalby and Tsai (1976) and Wu (1983) observed an increase in albumin content (rich in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophane) during oat germination, and a subsequent decrease in globulin and prolamine contents (poor in lysine) leading to increased nutritional value of germinated oat. It can be concluded that the research results on lipolysis in oat germination are to some extent contradictionary and further research is needed in this area. keywords: acid; activity; barley; cereal; chemistry; compounds; content; et al; food; germination; journal; lipids; malting; oat; oats; products; science cache: afs-5779.pdf plain text: afs-5779.txt item: #361 of 2310 id: afs-5780 author: GATES, F. K.; DOBRASZCZYK, B. title: Mechanical properties of oats and oat products date: 2004 words: 7418 flesch: 68 summary: This serves as a good example of the difficulty of relating sensory properties with material properties. Howev- er, the same word may be used to refer to differ- ent attributes and a single term is often assigned to a sensory perception that results from a number of material properties. keywords: cereal; dobraszczyk; food; fracture; grain; hardness; journal; material; oat; oats; properties; science; structure cache: afs-5780.pdf plain text: afs-5780.txt item: #362 of 2310 id: afs-5781 author: SALMENKALLIO-MARTTILA, M.; HEINIÖ, R-L.; MYLLYMÄKI, O. title: Relating microstructure, sensory and instrumental texture of processed oat date: 2004 words: 6409 flesch: 68 summary: Relationships of selected physical, chemi- cal, and sensory parameters in oat grain, rolled oats, and cooked oatmeal – A three-year study with eight cultivars. Effect of germination and drying process on sensory quality of oat cultivars Lisbeth and Veli. keywords: autoclaved; cereal; flavour; grains; lisbeth; native; oat; samples; starch; texture; veli cache: afs-5781.pdf plain text: afs-5781.txt item: #363 of 2310 id: afs-5782 author: SALMENKALLIO-MARTTILA, M.; ROININEN, K.; AUTIO, K. title: Effects of gluten and transglutaminase on microstructure, sensory characteristics and instrumental texture of oat bread date: 2004 words: 6459 flesch: 68 summary: Key words: baking, oat bread, microstructure, gluten, transglutaminase, descriptive sensory analysis Introduction Whole grains are important sources of dietary fiber and other compounds of interest in disease prevention (Slavin et al. 1999). Five different recipes with different water, transglutaminase, and gluten contents were used to bake oat breads (Table 1). keywords: bread; gluten; granules; oat; oat bread; protein; samples; starch; transglutaminase; water; wheat cache: afs-5782.pdf plain text: afs-5782.txt item: #364 of 2310 id: afs-5783 author: KIVIHARJU, E.; LAURILA, J.; LEHTONEN, M. title: Anther culture properties of oat x wild red oat progenies and a search for RAPD markers associated with anther culture ability date: 2004 words: 7217 flesch: 67 summary: The segregation of four of the five mark- ers (OPX-11870, OPC-14520, OPC-14630 and OPY- 03890) associated with anther culture traits did not fit the expected segregation ratio of alleles in the F2 progeny (3:1 ratio, χ2-test, P ≤ 0.05), which is very common in anther culture derived DH-progenies (Manninen 2000). The number of anther culture derived embryo-like structures was highest in acc. keywords: acc; anther; anther culture; cav; culture; dna; et al; green; markers; oat; plants; puhti; rapd; regeneration; response; traits cache: afs-5783.pdf plain text: afs-5783.txt item: #365 of 2310 id: afs-5784 author: RAJALA, A.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. title: Intra-plant variation for progress of cell division in developing oat grains: a preliminary study date: 2004 words: 3776 flesch: 63 summary: Research note Intra-plant variation for progress of cell division in developing oat grains: a preliminary study Ari Rajala and Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: ari.rajala@mtt.fi Development of an oat panicle proceeds from the uppermost terminal spikelet downward to the base of the panicle. I E N C E Rajala, A. & Peltonen-Sainio, P. Intra-plant variation in developing oat grains restricted (Table 1), as also noted by Tibelius and Klinck (1987). keywords: cell; floret; grain; number; oat; panicle; pollination; spikelet; variation; weight cache: afs-5784.pdf plain text: afs-5784.txt item: #366 of 2310 id: afs-5785 author: MÄKELÄ, P.; MUURINEN, S.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. title: Alterations in growth and canopy architecture among dwarf, semidwarf and tall oat lines grown under northern conditions date: 2004 words: 9327 flesch: 76 summary: Miralles and Slafer (1997) studied light interception at pre- and post-anthesis and noted that D lines have more persistent RUE at post-anthesis, which was attributed to high sink demand generated by high grain number. Yield components, leaf characteristics and straw traits were measured from six oat lines (D lines Pal and Grane, SD lines Hja 76416 and Salo, and T lines Veli and Jalostettu maatiainen) separately on the main shoot and tillers. keywords: anthesis; grain; leaf; lines; number; oat; plant; tillers; weight; yield cache: afs-5785.pdf plain text: afs-5785.txt item: #367 of 2310 id: afs-5786 author: RAJALA, A. title: Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands date: 2004 words: 7812 flesch: 67 summary: Plant growth regu- lator effects on spring cereal root and shoot growth. Key words: Avena sativa L., oat, plant growth regulator, plant stand structure, yield potential Introduction Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used in high- input cereal management to shorten the stem and thereby reduce lodging susceptibility. keywords: barley; ccc; elongation; et al; grain; growth; journal; oat; peltonen; pgr; plant; rajala; sainio; stem; wheat; yield cache: afs-5786.pdf plain text: afs-5786.txt item: #368 of 2310 id: afs-5787 author: KIRKKARI, A-M.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; LEHTINEN, P. title: Dehulling capacity and storability of naked oat date: 2004 words: 6894 flesch: 70 summary: Grain moisture content at threshing had contrary effects on hull content and degree of hull retention in different years. Grain moisture content at threshing did not affect protein content of naked cultivars, but some differences in fatty acid com- position were recorded. keywords: bullion; content; cultivars; degree; grain; hull; lisbeth; moisture; oat; threshing cache: afs-5787.pdf plain text: afs-5787.txt item: #369 of 2310 id: afs-5788 author: PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; KIRKKARI, A-M.; JAUHIAINEN, L. title: Characterising strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in producing naked oat as a novel crop for northern growing conditions date: 2004 words: 10141 flesch: 60 summary: However, sensitivity of naked oat grains to mechanical damage induced by high grain mois- 215 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C The only exception with respect to the cor- responding quality in dehulled oat versus naked oat groat quality is that naked oat grain is likely to have less β-glucan (Givens et al. 2000). keywords: conditions; crop; damage; energy; et al; feed; finland; food; grain; oat; oats; peltonen; production; quality; sainio; sainio et; science; swot cache: afs-5788.pdf plain text: afs-5788.txt item: #370 of 2310 id: afs-5789 author: HIETANIEMI, V.; KONTTURI, M.; RÄMÖ, S. title: Contents of trichothecenes in oats during official variety, organic cultivation and nitrogen fertilization trials in Finland date: 2004 words: 7035 flesch: 64 summary: Figure 2 shows DON contents of six oat Table 1. The results also showed that no distinct differences were found in DON contents of var- ious varieties. keywords: concentrations; contents; don; et al; finland; food; fusarium; kg-1; mycotoxins; oats; samples; trials; trichothecenes; variety cache: afs-5789.pdf plain text: afs-5789.txt item: #371 of 2310 id: afs-5790 author: FORSMAN, S. title: How do small rural food-processing firms compete?A resource-based approach to competitive strategies date: 2004 words: 82922 flesch: 58 summary: Industry-based approach Resource-based view Analogy with the SWOT framework Opportunities and threats Strengths and weaknesses View of the firm As a bundle of strategic activities As a bundle of resources Unit of analysis Industries, firms, products Firms, resources Role of industry structure Exogenous Endogenous Characteristic to resources Identical, high mobility Heterogeneity, immobility Nature of strategies Generic Unique Time line of strategy Ex ante Ex post Determinants in the choice of Attractiveness of industries, a firm’s Internal firm factors competitive strategy relative position within the industry Source of rents Profits from product market Unique firm-specific resources and positioning capabilities Nature of rents Monopoly-type rents Ricardian rents 27 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C The extent to which differentiation impacts on de- mand depends on three aspects: a firm’s ability to differentiate its products, the competitive na- ture of the market environment and consumers’ commitment to the products of competitive firms. keywords: addition; advantage; advantage advantage; analysis; average; barney; business; c e; c u; capabilities; case; cluster; competence; competitors; customer; data; development; differentiation; e forsman; e n; environment; et al; factor; firms; firms firms; following; food; food industry; forsman; g r; group; industry; journal; l t; level; management; market; marketing; model; n c; n d; new; number; performance; performing; position; price; processing firms; production; production resources; products; quality; question; rbv; research; resources; resources business; results; sample firms; scale; strategies; strategy; study; success; table; terms; types; u l; value; variables; view cache: afs-5790.pdf plain text: afs-5790.txt item: #372 of 2310 id: afs-5791 author: ÅSTRÖM, M.; SUNDSTRÖM, R.; HOLMBERG, M. title: pH of streams in western Finland - a perspective from the Middle Ages into the mid 21st century date: 2005 words: 6152 flesch: 66 summary: The results show that among several potentially acidifying activities, reclamation of mires for farmland (19th and 20th centuries) and subsurface drainage of acid sulphate soils (post-war times) are the major causes of the pH decline. Export of acidity in drainage water from acid sulphate soils. keywords: acid; area; drainage; finland; forest; soils; streams; sulphate; water cache: afs-5791.pdf plain text: afs-5791.txt item: #373 of 2310 id: afs-5792 author: ÅSTRÖM, M.; RÖNNBACK, K. title: Concentration levels and spatial distribution of sulphur and metals in fine-grained sediments in western Finland date: 2005 words: 4631 flesch: 61 summary: The focus on these particular metals is due to the fact that they are both agriculturally and environmentally important, and that among them the mobility upon sediment oxidation (i.e. AS soil development) is highly variable: cobalt (Co), cop- per (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) are mobile and abundantly leached while chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and vana- dium (V) are not (Lahermo et al. 1996, Åström and Åström 1997, Åström and Spiro 2000). It is however not directly related to the till geochemis- try, since metal concentrations in nearby samples of fine-grained sediments and till were low (rS = 0.19–0.47, Table 2). keywords: concentrations; finland; metals; samples; sediments; soils; åström cache: afs-5792.pdf plain text: afs-5792.txt item: #374 of 2310 id: afs-5793 author: ROOS, M.; ÅSTRÖM, M. title: Hydrochemistry of rivers in an acid sulphate soil hotspot area in western Finland date: 2005 words: 5703 flesch: 65 summary: Acid sulphate soils are ex- pected to occupy large areas under the agricultural land (up to 50% according to Palko 1994), but their precise location and distribution is unknown. Mobility of Al, P and alkali and alkaline earth metals in acid sulphate soils in Finland. keywords: acid; concentrations; finland; group; l-1; land; river; soils; åström cache: afs-5793.pdf plain text: afs-5793.txt item: #375 of 2310 id: afs-5794 author: ÅSTRÖM, M.; SPIRO, B. title: Sources of acidity and metals in a stream draining acid sulphate soil, till and peat, western Finland, revealed by a hydrochemical and sulphur isotope study date: 2005 words: 5150 flesch: 62 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2004 Sources of acidity and metals in a stream draining acid sulphate soil, till and peat, western Finland, revealed by a hydrochemical and sulphur isotope study Mats Åström Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar University, SE–39182 Kalmar, Sweden, e-mail: mats.astrom@hik.se Baruch Spiro Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom Key words: acid sulphate soil, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, sulphur, ditching, sulphur isotopes, land use, catchment area 35 A G R keywords: acid; concentrations; fig; finland; so4; soil; stream; sulphate; water; åström cache: afs-5794.pdf plain text: afs-5794.txt item: #376 of 2310 id: afs-5795 author: ÖSTERHOLM, P.; ÅSTRÖM, M.; SUNDSTRÖM, R. title: Assessment of aquatic pollution, remedial measures and juridical obligations of an acid sulphate soil area in western Finland date: 2005 words: 8749 flesch: 65 summary: The use of the traditional open ditches instead of subsurface drainage on AS soil areas would have a significant positive effect on the water qual- ity (Palko and Yli-Halla 1993), but due to several agricultural drawbacks and the fact that most of the Rintala area is already drained by subsurface pipes, it can not be considered as a potential meth- od for Rintala. Furthermore, as this study shows, the Rintala streams are in most parts diluted by non-AS soil drain waters which further increases the amounts of waters that would have to be han- dled. keywords: acid; area; concentrations; drainage; finland; quality; rintala; soil; stream; sulphate; water; åström cache: afs-5795.pdf plain text: afs-5795.txt item: #377 of 2310 id: afs-5796 author: PAASONEN-KIVEKÄS, M.; YLI-HALLA, M. title: A comparison of nitrogen and carbon reserves in acid sulphate and non acid sulphate soils in western Finland date: 2005 words: 8351 flesch: 71 summary: However, in acid soils (pH < 4), production of NO3 --N has been reported to occur probably due to heterotrophic ni- trifiers (Paul and Clark 1989). Results Soil profiles The three studied profiles in Area A had sulfidic materials in the subsoil, which started at the depth of 140 cm to 200 cm and had its average upper boundary at 170 cm, see Table 1. keywords: acid; area; depth; field; finland; ha-1; halla; nmin; soil; sulphate; yli cache: afs-5796.pdf plain text: afs-5796.txt item: #378 of 2310 id: afs-5797 author: Backlund, Krister; Boman, Anton; Fröjdö, Sören; Åström, Mats title: An analytical procedure for determination of sulphur species and isotopes in boreal acid sulphate soils and sediments date: 2005 words: 8171 flesch: 62 summary: Determination of sulphur species in acid sulphate soils but still effective in preventing Fe3+ interference (Hsieh et al. 2002), is proposed as the preferable reagent to use when analysing AS soil samples. © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2004 An analytical procedure for determination of sulphur species and isotopes in boreal acid sulphate soils and sediments Krister Backlund, Anton Boman Åbo Akademi University, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, FI-20500 Turku, Finland, e-mail: krister.backlund@abo.fi, anton.boman@abo.fi Sören Fröjdö Åbo Akademi University, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, FI-20500 Turku, Finland Mats Åström Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden An analytical scheme suitable for boreal acid sulphate (AS) soils and sediments was developed on the basis of existing methods. keywords: acid; avs; sediments; soils; species; sulphate; sulphur cache: afs-5797.pdf plain text: afs-5797.txt item: #379 of 2310 id: afs-5798 author: LAX, K. title: Stream plant chemistry as indicator of acid sulphate soils in Sweden date: 2005 words: 8463 flesch: 69 summary: Key words: acid sulphate soils, water, biogeochemistry, metals, mapping Introduction Fine-grained sediments of marine/lacustrine origin occur below the highest shoreline in Sweden and Finland. Isostatic land uplift is a natural process, and ranges from 0 to 9 mm per year in 84 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Lax, K. Stream plant chemistry as indicator of acid sulphate soils Sweden (Fredén 1994). keywords: area; concentrations; elements; kg-1; samples; sediments; soils; sweden cache: afs-5798.pdf plain text: afs-5798.txt item: #380 of 2310 id: afs-5799 author: KUSTULA, V.; WITICK, A.; MERILÄINEN, J. title: Successive alkalinity producing system for the treatment of acid sulphate soil runoff: preliminary results of a field trial date: 2005 words: 6017 flesch: 67 summary: Sizing of treatment cells Cell 1 (limestone cell) Therefore, to increase the alkalinity production of SAPS cells, the system will be modified to increase the contact time of water with limestone. keywords: acid; alkalinity; cells; concentrations; date; finland; l-1; limestone; saps; sulphate; system; treatment; water cache: afs-5799.pdf plain text: afs-5799.txt item: #381 of 2310 id: afs-5800 author: BÄRLUND, I.; TATTARI, S.; YLI-HALLA, M. title: Measured and simulated effects of sophisticated drainage techniques on groundwater level and runoff hydrochemistry in areas of boreal acid sulphate soils date: 2005 words: 7211 flesch: 66 summary: Absolute change in drainage water pH due to meth- ods applied when compared with the reference field: com- bined lime filter and control drainage (LFD + CD), lime filter drainage (LFD) and control drainage (CD) in Ilma- joki for the years 1998–2002. Fig. 4. Relation between drainage water acidity and (a) total aluminium, (b) sulphate sulphur and (c) total manga- nese concentrations for the reference fields in Ilmajoki and Mustasaari in the years 1998–2002. keywords: acidity; drainage; field; fig; groundwater; ilmajoki; l-1; lfd; model; mustasaari; n.a; soils; total; water cache: afs-5800.pdf plain text: afs-5800.txt item: #382 of 2310 id: afs-5801 author: YLI-HALLA, M. title: Editorial date: 2005 words: 579 flesch: 55 summary: These improvements make our ar- ticles available practically at all relevant libraries, universities and research institutes, since this journal is included in the package of a large number of scientific e-journals of our field delivered by Ingenta, irrespec- tive of the distribution of the hard copies. The technological advances make Agricultural and Food Science (34 published articles in 2004) equally available as larger journals. keywords: food; journal cache: afs-5801.pdf plain text: afs-5801.txt item: #383 of 2310 id: afs-5802 author: ÅSTRÖM, M. title: Preface date: 2005 words: 773 flesch: 35 summary: The main reasons for this are that (1) the acid sulphate soil leaching has a diffuse character, i.e., the discharge occurs via hundreds of thousands of small, mostly uni- dentified ditches in coastal areas (mainly in Pohjanmaa (Ostrobothnia), Västerbotten, Norrbotten, and south-western Finland), (2) the acid sulphate soil leaching is complex, i.e., the source of the acids and met- als consists of natural sediments, but the mechanisms mobilizing these compounds are triggered by human activities, (3) the leaching from acid sulphate soils is mainly from agricultural fields, i.e., it is farmland drainage that results in acid sulphate soil development and since agriculture is already experiencing eco- nomic problems, there are political difficulties associated with attempts to highlight the problem. Unfortunately, there are a number of exceptions, and one of these is constituted by acid sulphate soils. keywords: acid; sulphate cache: afs-5802.pdf plain text: afs-5802.txt item: #384 of 2310 id: afs-5803 author: LIU, X.; PIETOLA, K. title: Forward hedging under price and production risk of wheat date: 2005 words: 6639 flesch: 66 summary: 22835_01_Liu.indd 126 12.10.2005 14:08:43 127 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 14 (2005): 123–133. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 €/tonne actual price intervention price s s s s s s s Fig. Hedging price risk in the presence of crop yield and revenue insurance. keywords: correlation; forward; harvest; hedge; hedging; model; price; risk; wheat; yield cache: afs-5803.pdf plain text: afs-5803.txt item: #385 of 2310 id: afs-5804 author: RUUNANIEMI, J.; HAUTALA, M.; AHOKAS, J. title: Physical properties of synthetic bedding materials for free-stall dairy cow date: 2005 words: 5326 flesch: 67 summary: Key words: cows, synthetic bed, mats, bedding materials, physical properties Introduction The use of unheated cubicles for housing dairy cat- tle has increased in Finland since the 1990s. Bedding material has to be chosen according to the conditions in the build- ing. keywords: bedding; conditions; cow; cows; dairy; flux; force; friction; heat; material; properties; softness; time; � � cache: afs-5804.pdf plain text: afs-5804.txt item: #386 of 2310 id: afs-5805 author: HUHTANEN, P.; NOUSIAINEN, J.; RINNE, M. title: Prediction of silage composition and organic matter digestibility from herbage composition and pepsin-cellulase solubility date: 2005 words: 7797 flesch: 61 summary: Accurate and precise predictions of digest- ibility at harvesting time are essential in manage- ment of milk production systems based on a large proportion of grass silage in the diet. The data are derived from digestibility experiments conducted in MTT Agrifood Research Finland in order to develop meteorological D-value model and to study laboratory techniques in predicting feeding value of grass silages. keywords: content; digestibility; grass; growth; herbage; model; ndf; omd; oms; silage cache: afs-5805.pdf plain text: afs-5805.txt item: #387 of 2310 id: afs-5806 author: VIRTANEN, H.; NOUSIAINEN, J. title: Nitrogen and phosphorus balances on Finnish dairy farms date: 2005 words: 10042 flesch: 65 summary: Studies examining the environmental impacts of milk products throughout their whole life cycle have shown that a major part of the effects arises from raw milk production on dairy farms (Høgaas Eide 2002, Voutilainen et al. 2003). Published research on WFB for N and P (N- WFB and P-WFB) on dairy farms in Finland is still limited and the datasets are based on results from a few farms or from a specific area (e.g. Väisänen 1996, Poikela 2000). keywords: dairy; farm; feed; ha-1; import; milk; nutrient; production; total; wfb cache: afs-5806.pdf plain text: afs-5806.txt item: #388 of 2310 id: afs-5807 author: SOINNE, H.; PELTOVUORI, T. title: Extractability of slurry and fertilizer phosphorus in soil after repeated freezing date: 2005 words: 4826 flesch: 62 summary: Incubation experiment The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on soil P in the organic and mineral soils amended with pig slurry or NPK fertilizer was investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment. Below, H2SO4-soluble P after ignition is referred to as total soil P (TP). keywords: effects; freezing; incubation; mineral; npk; phosphorus; results; slurry; soil; water cache: afs-5807.pdf plain text: afs-5807.txt item: #389 of 2310 id: afs-5808 author: SALONEN, J.; HYVÖNEN, T.; JALLI, H. title: Weed flora and weed management of field peas in Finland date: 2005 words: 7242 flesch: 62 summary: Discussion The total number of weed species (76) recorded in pea fields illustrates the species richness of arable fields. 22835_07_Salonen.indd 189 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 14 (2005): 189–201. © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received December 2004 Weed flora and weed management of field peas in Finland Jukka Salonen, Terho Hyvönen and Heikki Jalli keywords: analysis; control; crop; cropping; fields; finland; flora; pea; salonen; species; table; variables; variation; weed cache: afs-5808.pdf plain text: afs-5808.txt item: #390 of 2310 id: afs-5809 author: KYMÄLÄINEN, H-R.; NYKTER, M.; HAUTALA, M. title: Hygienic quality of stem fractions of mechanically processed fibre hemp and linseed date: 2005 words: 6632 flesch: 73 summary: Key words: hygienic quality, microbes, ash, bast fibres, linseed, fibre hemp, Linum usitatissimum, Cannabis sativa Introduction Recent research of bast fibre plants has been fo- cused on non-textile applications. Two plant species, fibre hemp and linseed were studied. keywords: ash; fibre; fractions; frost; hemp; linseed; spring; stems cache: afs-5809.pdf plain text: afs-5809.txt item: #391 of 2310 id: afs-5810 author: BÄCKMAN, S.; LANSINK, A. title: Crop and soil specific N and P efficiency and productivity in Finland date: 2005 words: 6407 flesch: 59 summary: I E N C E Appendix 1 276 Crop and soil specific N and P efficiency andproductivity in Finland Introduction Measurement of soil specificmineral efficiency Soil specific mineral efficiency Empirical model Data and estimation Results Discussion Conclusions References Appendix 1 Soil specific efficiency for Nitro- gen and Phosphorous (ES) are consistent with equation (2). keywords: data; efficiency; frontier; mineral; production; productivity; soil cache: afs-5810.pdf plain text: afs-5810.txt item: #392 of 2310 id: afs-5811 author: IHO, A. title: Does scale matter?Cost-effectiveness of agricultural nutrient abatement when target level varies date: 2005 words: 9725 flesch: 61 summary: 21 Lowering the maximum abatement affects the whole range of wetland abatement cost function. Sensitivity analysis For the sensitivity analysis we varied input and output prices, land allocation changes, parameter values for crop yield and P-loss functions, and phosphorus abatement cost functions for wetlands and buffer strips (i.e. the parameters of initial, op- erations and maintenance cost, abatement and yield functions). keywords: abatement; buffer; contribution; cost; effectiveness; fertilizer; levels; loss; measures; model; phosphorus; reduction; target; total; use; wetlands cache: afs-5811.pdf plain text: afs-5811.txt item: #393 of 2310 id: afs-5812 author: SIPILÄINEN, T.; RYHÄNEN, M. title: Technical change in Finnish grass silage production date: 2005 words: 8806 flesch: 59 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received May 2004 Technical change in Finnish grass silage production Timo Sipiläinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: timo.sipilainen@mtt.fi Matti Ryhänen Seinäjoki Polytechnic, School of Agriculture and Forestry, Ilmajoentie 525, FI-60800 Ilmajoki, Finland, e-mail: matti.ryhanen@seamk.fi Stochastic production frontier analysis is applied in decomposing output growth of grass silage production to technical change, technical efficiency change, scale effect and input growth. Table 6 shows the annual tech- nical change, technical efficiency change and scale effect calculated on the basis of Model 7. keywords: area; change; efficiency; factors; farms; frontier; grass; growth; input; model; output; production; productivity; silage; technical; time cache: afs-5812.pdf plain text: afs-5812.txt item: #394 of 2310 id: afs-5813 author: BOJNEC, S.; PETER, G. title: Vertical market integration and competition : the meat sector in Slovenia date: 2005 words: 8430 flesch: 63 summary: Data Due to problems constructing data series of higher frequency (e.g. weekly) for Slovenia, monthly farm-gate and retail beef and pork prices are used in this analysis (January 1990 to August 2000). The period 1990–1992 in- cludes a shock, which followed the secession from the former Yugoslavia, when farm-gate beef and pork prices and retail beef and pork prices sharply increased. keywords: august; beef; farm; gate; integration; margin; market; meat; pork; price; retail; tests cache: afs-5813.pdf plain text: afs-5813.txt item: #395 of 2310 id: afs-5814 author: NIEMI, J. title: The static welfare effects of the accession to the European Union on the Finnish agricultural markets date: 2005 words: 7249 flesch: 57 summary: Static calculations are used to illus- trate how adopting EU price levels have affected producer and consumer surpluses. Comparison of market prices and per-unit subsidies received by producers before the EU accession in 1994 and after the entry in 2003 (EUR/kg). 1994 2003 Market Direct Per-unit Market Direct Per-unit Commodity price payment gross return price payment gross return Wheat 0.36 0.03 0.39 0.12 0.23 0.35 Barley 0.26 0.05 0.31 0.11 0.19 0.30 Oats 0.25 0.05 0.30 0.09 0.19 0.28 Beef 3.78 2.00 5.78 1.86 1.68 3.54 Pork 2.65 0.10 2.75 1.15 0.88 2.03 Poultry 2.00 0.09 2.09 1.17 0.77 1.94 Eggs 1.88 0.14 2.02 0.80 0.98 1.78 Milk 0.35 0.22 0.57 0.34 0.19 0.53 Source: MTT Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland. keywords: accession; analysis; consumption; demand; effects; entry; eur; finland; policy; price; producers; production; welfare cache: afs-5814.pdf plain text: afs-5814.txt item: #396 of 2310 id: afs-5815 author: RIKKONEN, P. title: Scenarios for future agriculture in Finland: a Delphi study among agri-food sector stakeholders date: 2005 words: 11816 flesch: 60 summary: These opinions can be convert- ed as alternative future scenarios that are present- ing future views in desirability, probability and importance points of view. In this article, the main purpose is to present alternative future scenarios for Finnish agriculture. keywords: agriculture; c u; delphi; expert; finland; food; future; images; importance; n c; panel; policy; process; production; round; scenarios; study cache: afs-5815.pdf plain text: afs-5815.txt item: #397 of 2310 id: afs-5816 author: SUMELIUS, J.; MESIC, M.; GRGIC, Z. title: Marginal abatement costs for reducing leaching of nitrates in Croatian agriculture date: 2005 words: 11133 flesch: 63 summary: Marginal abatement costs for reducing leaching of nitrates in agriculture Introduction Non-point-source pollution involving nitrogen (N) from agriculture is widely recognised to be a major cause of water-quality problems. N, in the form of NO3, is easily soluble and transported in runoff, in tile drainage, and with leachate. keywords: abatement; fertiliser; function; ha-1; leaching; levels; mac; maize; n c; no3; production; profit; tax cache: afs-5816.pdf plain text: afs-5816.txt item: #398 of 2310 id: afs-5817 author: PIETOLA, K.; LANKOSKI, J. title: Preface date: 2005 words: 623 flesch: 41 summary: The paper by Bojnec and Peter is very topical in the context of integrating the new member states into European single market, because the welfare benefits gained by expanding the European Union crucially hinge on market efficiency. Agricultural policy reforms, brought in by accession to the EU have resulted in signifi- cant welfare gains for Finnish society. keywords: food cache: afs-5817.pdf plain text: afs-5817.txt item: #399 of 2310 id: afs-5818 author: PARTANEN, K.; JALAVA, T. title: Effects of some organic acids and salts on microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets estimated using an in vitro gas production technique date: 2005 words: 10520 flesch: 63 summary: In con- clusion, organic acids and salts were found to differ in their ability to modulate microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets. Key words: pigs, fermentation, organic acids, organic salts 312 A G R keywords: acid; benzoate; d 0; effects; fermentation; formic; gas; production; sorbate cache: afs-5818.pdf plain text: afs-5818.txt item: #400 of 2310 id: afs-5819 author: PERTTILÄ, S.; VALAJA, J.; JALAVA, T. title: Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers date: 2005 words: 6217 flesch: 66 summary: Amino acid digestibility in non-ruminants – a review. © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received July 2005 Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers Sini Perttilä, Jarmo Valaja and Taina Jalava MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: sini.perttila@mtt.fi Using ileal digestible amino acids in feed optimising will intensify feed protein utilizing and decrease nit- rogen excretion to the environment. keywords: acids; amino; barley; content; digestibility; grains; ileal; maize; oats; poultry; science; triticale; values; wheat cache: afs-5819.pdf plain text: afs-5819.txt item: #401 of 2310 id: afs-5820 author: UUSITALO, R.; AURA, E. title: A rainfall simulation study on the relationships between soil test P versus dissolved and potentially bioavailable particulate phosphorus forms in runoff date: 2005 words: 6759 flesch: 59 summary: Results and discussion Agronomic P status and P saturation of the soils Ammonium acetate is a weak extract for soil P, the amounts of soil P extractable in the acetate buffer 340 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Uusitalo, R. & Aura, E. Relationships between P pools in runoff versus soil test P (in 1:10 soil-to-solution ratio) being approximately the same as those solubilized in 1:60 soil-to-water suspension (Yli-Halla 1989, Saarela et al. 2003). Whilst the relationship between soil P satura- tion and the DRP concentration in runoff (Fig. 3) has a shape similar to many of the published curves between soil P and runoff DRP concentration (e.g. Heckrath et al. 1995, McDowell and Sharpley 2001), the contents of AER-PP and BD-PP in eroded sediment were in our material linearly re- lated with DPSM3 (Fig. 3). keywords: aer; concentrations; drp; extractable; forms; pac; phosphorus; runoff; soil; tss; uusitalo cache: afs-5820.pdf plain text: afs-5820.txt item: #402 of 2310 id: afs-5821 author: SALOVUO, H.; RONKAINEN, P.; HEINO, A. title: Introduction of automatic milking system in Finland effect on milk quality date: 2005 words: 4861 flesch: 69 summary: As can be seen in Table 2, counts over 100 cfu ml-1 are more frequent in AMS milk than in conventional milk. Key words: automatic milking, milk quality, somatic cell count, total bacteria count Introduction keywords: ams; bacteria; introduction; milk; milking; ml-1; quality; system cache: afs-5821.pdf plain text: afs-5821.txt item: #403 of 2310 id: afs-5822 author: MARTÍNEZ, J.; CHIESTA, A.; TOVAR, F. title: Respiration rate and ethylene production of fresh cut lettuce as affected by cutting grade date: 2005 words: 4723 flesch: 70 summary: Respiration rate and ethylene production of fresh cut lettuce 10 and 15 in the greatest. Moreover, it was found that the increase of RR in fresh cut lettuce was highest in the thinnest grade (Fig. keywords: artés; co2; cutting; ethylene; grade; lettuce cache: afs-5822.pdf plain text: afs-5822.txt item: #404 of 2310 id: afs-5823 author: HAUKKAPÄÄ, A-L.; JUNNILA, S.; ERIKSSON, C. title: Efficacy of imazamox in imidazolinone-resistant spring oilseed rape in Finland date: 2005 words: 6632 flesch: 70 summary: Numbers in italic refer to the percentage of weed number or dry weight compared to control. Numbers in italic refer to the percentage of weed number or dry weight compared to control. keywords: effect; exp; ha-1+s; herbicide; imazamox; oilseed; rape; weeds cache: afs-5823.pdf plain text: afs-5823.txt item: #405 of 2310 id: afs-5824 author: SERENIUS, M.; HUUSELA-VEISTOLA, E.; AVIKAINEN, H. title: Effects of sowing time on pink snow mould, leaf rust and winter damage in winter rye varieties in Finland date: 2005 words: 8658 flesch: 70 summary: © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2004 Effects of sowing time on pink snow mould, leaf rust and winter damage in winter rye varieties in Finland Marjo Serenius, Erja Huusela-Veistola, Hanna Avikainen, Katri Pahkala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: erja.huusela-veistola@mtt.fi Antti Laine MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Southwest Finland Research Station, FI-23120 Mietoinen, Finland Disease infection in relation to sowing time of winter rye (Secale cereale) was studied in southern Finland in order to compare overwintering capacity of modern rye varieties and to give recommendations for rye cultivation. Key words: snow mould, Microdochium nivale, Puccinia recondita, overwintering, winter rye, Secale cere- ale, frit fly, winter hardening Introduction Cultivated rye in Finland has changed from native landraces, which were common before the 1930s, to population varieties after the 1960s (Paatela 1953, Pessi 1965). keywords: autumn; damage; finland; infection; leaf; location; mietoinen; mould; rust; rye; snow; sowing; sowing time; time; varieties; variety; winter cache: afs-5824.pdf plain text: afs-5824.txt item: #406 of 2310 id: afs-5825 author: HUUSELA-VEISTOLA, E.; JALLI, H.; SALONEN, J. title: Sowing time affects the abundance of pests and weeds in winter rye date: 2006 words: 10414 flesch: 72 summary: Discussion Insect pests The risk of frit fly problems was clearly highest in early sown winter rye although in small trial plots damage can be overestimated. In particular years, when early sown winter rye has been heavily damaged by frit fly, yields were only 49–70% of those from rye sown at the normal time (Linnomäki 1958). keywords: autumn; c u; finland; fly; frit; jokioinen; location; mietoinen; n c; oct; pälkäne; rye; sowing; sowing time; sown; spring; time; variety; weed; winter cache: afs-5825.pdf plain text: afs-5825.txt item: #407 of 2310 id: afs-5826 author: KUUSELA, E. title: Annual and seasonal changes in mineral contents (Ca, Mg, P, K and Na) of grazed clover-grass mixtures in organic farming date: 2006 words: 8161 flesch: 65 summary: In this study the effect of seed mixture (alsike clover, red clover, white clover, white and alsike clover or grass mixture), year (1997, 1998) and grazing period (5 per grazing season) on the herbage calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) phosphorous (P) and sodium (Na) contents was assessed and the relationships between botanical proportions and herbage mineral contents were studied. The relationship between botanical proportions and herbage mineral content was as- sessed using Spearman correlation. keywords: 2004; clover; concentrations; content; grass; grazing; herbage; kg-1; kuusela; mineral; mixture; ratio; seed cache: afs-5826.pdf plain text: afs-5826.txt item: #408 of 2310 id: afs-5827 author: KYMÄLÄINEN, H-R.; SJÖBERG, A-M. title: Cadmium content of Finnish linseed and estimated consumer intake date: 2006 words: 5061 flesch: 67 summary: I E N C E Kymäläinen, H.-R. & Sjöberg, A.-M. Cadmium content of linseed of Cd content in the grain of linseed has been measured in various international studies (Table 1). Examined linseed samples Cd content, mg kg-1 Reference Yellow mean 0.23 Klein & Weigert 1987 Brown mean 0.38 Klein & Weigert 1987 118 seed samples and 16 genotypes 0.10–1.70 (dw) Marquard et al. 1990 14 commercial varieties 0.02–0.10 (fw) Li et al. keywords: cadmium; content; crush; daily; intake; kg-1; linseed; samples; study cache: afs-5827.pdf plain text: afs-5827.txt item: #409 of 2310 id: afs-5828 author: SERENIUS, M.; MANNINEN, O. title: Prochloraz tolerance of Pyrenophora teres population in Finland date: 2006 words: 4061 flesch: 56 summary: P. teres isolates were tested in two successive experiments, both having two replicates per isolate for each treatment. In spite of the effect of experiment, results indicated that field origin of P. teres isolates had an effect on radial growth in vitro. keywords: field; fungicide; growth; isolates; medium; ml-1; mtt; prochloraz; teres cache: afs-5828.pdf plain text: afs-5828.txt item: #410 of 2310 id: afs-5829 author: VEROMANN, E.; TARANG, T.; KEVVÄI, R. title: Insect pests and their natural enemies on spring oilseed rape in Estonia : impact of cropping systems date: 2006 words: 6631 flesch: 67 summary: In oilseed rape fields, the dominant predators are carabids, these having the greatest biomass in comparison with rove beetles and spi- ders (Goltermann 1994). Insect pest of oilseed rape crops. keywords: aeneus; bbch; estonia; field; min; oilseed; oilseed rape; parasitoids; pests; rape; stn cache: afs-5829.pdf plain text: afs-5829.txt item: #411 of 2310 id: afs-5830 author: YLI-HALLA, M.; MOKMA, D. L.; WILDING, L. P. title: Formation of a cultivated spodosol in east-central Finland date: 2006 words: 6518 flesch: 65 summary: (a) organic particles and uncoated sand grains in Ap horizon, (b) uncoated sand grains in E horizon, (c) sand grains cemented by complexes in Bhsm horizon, (d) cracked coatings bridging sand grains in Bhsm horizon, (e) thin coatings on sand grains in Bs horizon, and (f) relatively unweathered and uncoated sand grains and plenty of biotite (brown) in BCg horizon. The smectite found in E horizons of other Spodosols in Finland was identi��ed as dioctahedral (Righi et al. keywords: + +; bhsm; et al; finland; horizon; mokma; pedon; sand; soil cache: afs-5830.pdf plain text: afs-5830.txt item: #412 of 2310 id: afs-5831 author: YLI-HALLA, M. title: Editorial date: 2006 words: 690 flesch: 62 summary: Even today, printed journals may still be the most reliable way to guarantee this continuity for further generations. These numbers show that electronic use of scientific papers has become very widespread. keywords: journal; research cache: afs-5831.pdf plain text: afs-5831.txt item: #413 of 2310 id: afs-5832 author: RIESINGER, P.; HYVÖNEN, T. title: Weed occurrence in Finnish coastal regions: a survey of organically cropped spring cereals date: 2006 words: 10377 flesch: 64 summary: In the first national weed survey carried out in Finland, Mukula et al. (1969) attributed geographi- cal differences of frequency of occurrence and abundance of weed species to differences in climate and soil properties. Another measure that has a selective impact on weed species is seed cleaning (Svensson and Wigren 1986). keywords: arvensis; crop; density; et al; finland; mukula; n c; northwest; number; regions; salonen; south; species; spp; spring; weed; weed species; weight cache: afs-5832.pdf plain text: afs-5832.txt item: #414 of 2310 id: afs-5833 author: ASTOVER, A.; ROOSTALU, H.; MÕTTE, M. title: Decision support system for agricultural land use and fertilisation optimisation: a case study on barley production in Estonia date: 2006 words: 7010 flesch: 56 summary: Average field soil quality in study area is 37 points. The aim of the present study was to analyse the application of different agro-economic models in a computer-based decision support system, developed for optimisation of agricultural land use and fertilisa- tion, on the example of barley production of Kullamaa rural municipality in Estonia. keywords: barley; decision; fertiliser; field; gis; land; models; production; soil; use cache: afs-5833.pdf plain text: afs-5833.txt item: #415 of 2310 id: afs-5834 author: PARTANEN, K.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.; ALAVIUHKOLA, T. title: Feeding weaned piglets and growing-finishing pigs with diets based on mainly home-grown organic feedstuffs date: 2006 words: 11116 flesch: 64 summary: In Experiment 2, we studied the replacement (0, 33, or 67%) of rapeseed cake with blue lupins in fattening pig diets. According to van Barneveld (1999), blue lupins can be included in pig diets at high lev- els without having negative effects on feed intake or growth performance. keywords: carcass; diets; faba; feed; feeding; g kg-1; kg-1; organic; performance; piglets; pigs; protein; treatments; weight cache: afs-5834.pdf plain text: afs-5834.txt item: #416 of 2310 id: afs-5835 author: SAARELA, I.; SALO, Y.; VUORINEN, M. title: Effects of repeated phosphorus fertilisation on field crops in Finland 1.Yield responses on clay and loam soils relation to soil test P values date: 2006 words: 12864 flesch: 70 summary: extract- ed little P from most Finnish mineral soils indicat- ing a low content of dissolved phosphate in soil solution, or a low intensity of soil P, in agreement with Pw. The P values determined by the Finnish acid (pH 4.65) ammonium acetate method (PAc) used since the 1950s, have predicted the availability of soil P fairly well in moderately and weakly acid soils (Keränen et al. 1963, Saarela 2002). keywords: bar; clay; crops; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; loam; pac; saarela; soil; table; values; years; yield cache: afs-5835.pdf plain text: afs-5835.txt item: #417 of 2310 id: afs-5836 author: MATTILA, P. K. title: Spring barley yield and nitrogen recovery after application of peat manure and pig slurry date: 2006 words: 8445 flesch: 59 summary: However, both slurry and peat manure should be incorporated to improve and ensure the utilization of manure N. Soil mois‑ ture deficit in spring and early summer limited the availability of manure N and lowered barley yield and its quality. Post‑ ponement of manure application until spring may raise the utilization of manure N by crops several times higher (Kemppainen 1989) and prevents leaching losses of manure N that may occur in winter and during snowmelt (Kemppainen 1995, Turtola and Kemppainen 1998). keywords: application; barley; fertilizer; inc; inorganic; irrigation; manure; peat; peat manure; recovery; slurry; soil; surface; yield cache: afs-5836.pdf plain text: afs-5836.txt item: #418 of 2310 id: afs-5837 author: MATTILA, P. K. title: Ammonia volatilization, nitrogen in soil, and growth of barley after application of peat manure and pig slurry date: 2006 words: 8306 flesch: 61 summary: The low volatilization was due to the adsorption of manure ammoniacal N by peat, and the infiltration of slurry into harrowed, moist clay soil. As with surface applied peat manure in Experi- ment 2, Dendooven et al. (1998) observed a three- day rise in pH of a soil amended with pig slurry. keywords: ammonia; application; barley; concentration; experiment; manure; nh3; peat; peat manure; slurry; soil; surface; volatilization cache: afs-5837.pdf plain text: afs-5837.txt item: #419 of 2310 id: afs-5838 author: PELTONEN-SAINIO, P.; KÄNKÄNEN, H.; PAHKALA, K. title: Polymer coated turnip rape seed did not facilitate early broadcast sowing under Finnish growing conditions date: 2006 words: 9203 flesch: 66 summary: The original objectives of the investigations were: 1) to identify a seed coating material that re- sists too early imbibition of turnip rape seed when sown in early winter or spring, 2) to monitor cost- efficient management practices that sustain early and even crop establishment, and 3) to compare the development and growth of early sown turnip rape with that of a conventional May-sown crop. Rape seeds are known to persist in soil for up to 10 years (Schlink 1998), but seed predation 158 A G R I C U L T U R A L   A N D   F O O D   S C keywords: coating; control; germination; polymer; rape; seeds; sowing; spring; turnip cache: afs-5838.pdf plain text: afs-5838.txt item: #420 of 2310 id: afs-5839 author: SAARISALO, E.; JALAVA, T.; SKYTTÄ, E. title: Effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculants, formic acid, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of wilted grass silage date: 2006 words: 9417 flesch: 60 summary: �issertation, ��nchen, Germany.�issertation, ��nchen, Germany. In��uence of lactic acid starterIn��uence of lactic acid starter cultures on the quality of malt and beer. keywords: acid; additives; e76; et al; experiment; fermentation; kg-1; nab; silage; sodium; stability cache: afs-5839.pdf plain text: afs-5839.txt item: #421 of 2310 id: afs-5840 author: JAAKKOLA, S.; RINNE, M.; HEIKKILÄ, T. title: Effects of restriction of silage fermentation with formic acid on milk production date: 2006 words: 13182 flesch: 65 summary: Effects of restriction of silage fermentation withformic acid on milk production Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Rapeseed meal increased milk yield irrespective of the extent of silage fermentation, but the magnitude of response was variable. keywords: acid; c e; concentration; e n; effects; fermentation; milk; n c; n d; protein; silage cache: afs-5840.pdf plain text: afs-5840.txt item: #422 of 2310 id: afs-5841 author: TUORI, M.; RINNE, M.; VANHATALO, A. title: Omasal sampling technique in estimation of the site and extent of mineral absorption in dairy cows fed rapeseed and soybean expellers date: 2006 words: 11925 flesch: 67 summary: ���e�t�� o� nitro�en an�� ��ul�hur on ��i�e��tion an�� nutritive quality o� war� ��ea��on �ra���� hay�� �or �attle an�� ��hee�. Sul�hur �erti‑ li��ation o� �ool ��ea��on �ra����e�� an�� e��e�t on utili��ation o� �ineral��, nitro�en an�� fibre by ��teer��. keywords: ab �; ele �; ho �; la �; o �; pho �; pre �; ra �; ro �; ru �; s �; u �; � al; � e; � ee; � ent; � h; � horu; � ow; � ri; � t; � ta; � tion; � water; � y; � � cache: afs-5841.pdf plain text: afs-5841.txt item: #423 of 2310 id: afs-5842 author: PURSIAINEN, P.; TUORI, M. title: Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow date: 2006 words: 11379 flesch: 65 summary: Effects of cultivars on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition, and ruminal degradability of pea silage. Whole-crop cereal silage has been recently studied as an alternative to or in combination with grass silage in dairy cow feeding (Jaakkola et al. 2001, 2003) as it offers several benefits for the farms which are specialized in grass production. keywords: acid; barley; barley silage; content; cows; dairy; digestibility; et al; grass silage; intake; intercrop; kg-1; milk; pbs; pea; silage; silage dm cache: afs-5842.pdf plain text: afs-5842.txt item: #424 of 2310 id: afs-5843 author: VANHATALO, A.; GÄDDNÄS, T.; HEIKKILÄ, T. title: Microbial protein synthesis, digestion and lactation responses of cows to grass or grass-red clover silage diet supplemented with barley or oats date: 2006 words: 10153 flesch: 62 summary: Furthermore, grass-red clover diets in comparison to grass silage diets increased milk lactose concentration and yields of milk, protein and lactose. Sig- nificant interaction (P < 0.001) between the sam- pling time and experimental diet was found for rumen pH and VFA concentrations owing to the lower pH and higher VFA concentrations during the latter part of the feeding interval (4 to 10 h after morning feeding) obtained for grass-red clover rather than grass silage diets (Fig. 1). keywords: barley; clover diets; clover silage; cows; diets; et al; fat; grass; grass silage; milk; oats; production; protein; red clover; rumen; silage diets cache: afs-5843.pdf plain text: afs-5843.txt item: #425 of 2310 id: afs-5844 author: KHALILI, H.; MÄNTYSAARI, P.; SARIOLA, J. title: Effect of concentrate feeding strategy on the performance of dairy cows fed total mixed rations date: 2006 words: 7197 flesch: 61 summary: Key words: dairy cows, concentrates, grass silage, total mixed ration, milk yield, feed intake Introduction  During the EU membership since 1995 the number of Finnish farms has fallen, but the aver- age size has increased (Niemi and Ahlstedt 2003). Thus the objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in the feed intake and milk production of dairy cows fed ei- ther sole TMR (fixed proportion of concentrate 0.51) representing simplified feeding or TMR (fixed proportion of concentrate 0.45) combined with a decreasing amount of additional adjustable concentrate. keywords: concentrate; cows; feeding; intake; kg-1; lactation; milk; multiparous; primiparous; tmr1; tmr2c; total cache: afs-5844.pdf plain text: afs-5844.txt item: #426 of 2310 id: afs-5845 author: SAIRANEN, A.; KHALILI, H.; VIRKAJÄRVI, P. title: Comparison of part-time grazing and indoor silage feeding on milk production date: 2006 words: 7880 flesch: 65 summary: Rapeseed meal supple- mentation increased milk protein yield (P < 0.01) more on silage feeding group (81 g d-1) compared with day-time grazed group (45 g d-1). Ensiling of herbage per se had little effect on overall animal performance (Cushnahan and Mayne 1995), but ensiling degrades the grass protein extensively and decreases the rumen mi- crobial protein synthesis, reducing the protein value of grass silage compared with fresh grass (Verbi vc et al. 1999, Givens and Rulquin 2004). keywords: cows; day; experiment; feeding; grass; grazing; group; intake; milk; pasture; production; protein; silage; time cache: afs-5845.pdf plain text: afs-5845.txt item: #427 of 2310 id: afs-5846 author: HUHTANEN, P.; NOUSIAINEN, J.; RINNE, M. title: Recent developments in forage evaluation with special reference to practical applications date: 2006 words: 21185 flesch: 61 summary: A theo� reti�ally�base�� �o��el ��or pre��i�ting total ��igestible nu� trients o�� ��orages an�� �on�entrates. �evelope�� ��ro� the 4th International Con��eren�e on Near In��rare�� Spe�tros�opy, Aber��een, S�otlan��, 19–23 August 1991. keywords: esti �; forage; indf; kg-1; lignin; o �; pre �; prediction; refle �; ru �; silage �; spe �; � .r; � al; � e; � ee; � ell; � en; � eri; � es; � eter; � f; � fibre; � grass; � igestibility; � igestion; � opy; � rare; � ro; � s.; � tion; � tros; � u; � � cache: afs-5846.pdf plain text: afs-5846.txt item: #428 of 2310 id: afs-5847 author: PARTANEN, K.; KARHAPÄÄ, M.; SILJANDER-RASI, H. title: Performance, carcass quality, and gastric alterations in fattening pigs fed additives containing formic acid either coated with sorbate or mixed with lactic acid date: 2006 words: 10735 flesch: 63 summary: � �0.5 9.5 �0.4 Methionine 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.8 Cystine 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.6 Threonine 6.9 7.5 7.7 7.3 6.9 7. � �.3 2.� �.4 �.4 2.7 3.� 0.5 0.74 Diarrhoea indexb, c �.3 �.3 2.3 �.6 �.6 2.9 3.5 0.7 0.86 a In pens with normal faeces, all the daily faecal scores were 0 during the whole observation period. keywords: acid; blend; control; diets; fattening; feed; formic; grower; growth; kg-; lactic; performance; pigs; sorbate; � � cache: afs-5847.pdf plain text: afs-5847.txt item: #429 of 2310 id: afs-58477 author: Tanhuanpää, Pirjo; Isolahti, Mika; Oiva, Nissinen; Manninen, Outi title: DNA markers for Typhula resistance in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) date: 2016 words: 4538 flesch: 58 summary: Statistical analyses Data from resistance test were analyzed statistically using the Proc MIXED function in SAS 6.11 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA) and the association of each marker with Typhula resistance was evaluated by regression analysis using Proc REG in SAS 9.3. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE P. Tanhuanpää et al. (2016) 25: 146–152 146 DNA markers for Typhula resistance in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) Pirjo Tanhuanpää1, Mika Isolahti2, Oiva Nissinen3, Outi Manninen2 1Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 2Boreal Plant Breeding Ltd, Myllytie 10, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 3MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Eteläranta 55, 96300 Rovaniemi, Finland email: pirjo.tanhuanpaa@luke.fi The objective of the study was to find DNA markers associated with resistance to Typhula ishikariensis in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) using bulked-segregant analysis. keywords: dna; index; individuals; markers; resistance; survival; tanhuanpää; timothy; typhula cache: afs-58477.pdf plain text: afs-58477.txt item: #430 of 2310 id: afs-5848 author: KENTTÄMIES, H.; NIKKILÄ, M.; MIETTINEN, M. title: Phenotypic and genetic parameters and responses in temperament of silver fox cubs in a selection experiment for confident behaviour date: 2006 words: 6213 flesch: 62 summary: The main objectives of the present study with silver fox cubs was to discover if selection for CB towards humans produces selection response, and if change in CB coincides with changes in AG and ease of capture (EC). Estimates of heritability (h2) and litter effect (c2) with standard errors (SE), additive genetic (σ2 a), litter (σ2 l) and environmental variances (σ2 e) for confidence of silver fox cubs in all data, selection line and control line. keywords: animal; behaviour; confidence; cubs; et al; foxes; line; selection; silver; year cache: afs-5848.pdf plain text: afs-5848.txt item: #431 of 2310 id: afs-5849 author: VANHATALO, A. title: Foreword date: 2006 words: 1115 flesch: 47 summary: Professor Poutiainen started his scientific career as a research scientist at MTT Agrifood Research Finland (previously Agricultural Research Centre of Finland) in 1962. Professor Poutiainen held the professorship until he became appointed Director General of MTT in 1984. keywords: animal; research; science cache: afs-5849.pdf plain text: afs-5849.txt item: #432 of 2310 id: afs-5850 author: VANHALA, P.; LÖTJÖNEN, T.; HURME, T. title: Managing Sonchus arvensis using mechanical and cultural methods date: 2006 words: 9104 flesch: 69 summary: In terms of biomass, the main species were Stachys �alustris, Cirsiu� ar�ense, Ely�us re�ens, Stel- laria �edia (L.) Vill., Cheno�odiu� albu� L., Fallo�ia © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received December 2004 Managing Sonchus arvensis using mechanical and  cultural methods Petri Vanhala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Protection, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-�ail: �etri.�anhala��tt.��e-�ail: �etri.�anhala��tt. keywords: biomass; cer; cereal; control; crop; cultivation; ensis; hemp; hoeing; ley; s. ar; stubble; treatments; weed cache: afs-5850.pdf plain text: afs-5850.txt item: #433 of 2310 id: afs-5851 author: HELIN, J.; LAUKKANEN, M.; KOIKKALAINEN, K. title: Abatement costs for agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus loads: a case study of crop farming in south-western Finland date: 2006 words: 17987 flesch: 70 summary: N j k j k j k B j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k p f N p N j k j k j k B j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k p f N p keywords: abatement; agricultural; b b; b c; b j; crop j; d j; e n; j j; j k; j ke; k b; k d; k f; k l; k n; k s; k x; k xμ; n b; n c; n d; n j; nitrogen; p n; s j; tillage k; − − cache: afs-5851.pdf plain text: afs-5851.txt item: #434 of 2310 id: afs-5852 author: POUTA, E.; OVASKAINEN, V. title: Assessing the recreational demand for agricultural land in Finland date: 2006 words: 8030 flesch: 54 summary: Assessing the recreational demand for  agricultural land in Finland Eija Pouta MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: eija.pouta@mtt.fi Ville Ovaskainen Finnish Forest Research Institute, �nioninkatu 40 A, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland, �nioninkatu 40 A, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland It is widely assumed that the scenic attractiveness and other public good aspects of agricultural land can be utilized as a source of livelihood in rural areas in the form of recreation and tourism. We first analyse the choice of recreation site type based on a model that aggregates sites using the presence of agricultural land as an aggregation variable. keywords: agriculture; areas; benefits; data; day; demand; destination; environment; finland; land; model; recreation; site; tourism; trips; use; value cache: afs-5852.pdf plain text: afs-5852.txt item: #435 of 2310 id: afs-5853 author: SAARELA, I.; HUHTA, H.; VIRKAJÄRVI, P. title: Effects of repeated phosphorus fertilisation on field crops in Finland 2.Sufficient phosphorus application rates on silty and sandy soils date: 2006 words: 14783 flesch: 68 summary: After the rapid build-up of soil P re- serves and the introduction of the placement ferti- lisation technique in the 1960s and early 1970s, earlier field experiments were no longer consid- ered adequate for estimating P fertilisation needs. The CaCl2 meth- od introduced by Houba et al. (1990) extracted lit- tle P from most Finnish mineral soils, indicating a low content of dissolved P in soil solution, or a low intensity of soil P, in agreement with Pw. keywords: bar bar; clay; crops; dm-3; et al; fertilisation; finland; ha-1; loam; pac; phosphorus; saarela; silty; soils; test; values; yield cache: afs-5853.pdf plain text: afs-5853.txt item: #436 of 2310 id: afs-5854 author: GONZÁLEZ-FANDOS, E.; SIMON JIMENES, A.; TOBAR PARDO, V. title: Quality and shelf life of packaged fresh sliced mushrooms stored at two different temperatures date: 2006 words: 5236 flesch: 62 summary: Influence of bacterial populations on postharvest deterioration of fresh mushrooms. Is modified at- mosphere packaging beneficial for fresh mushrooms? keywords: 3ºc; 9ºc; mushrooms; non; pvc; storage; � � cache: afs-5854.pdf plain text: afs-5854.txt item: #437 of 2310 id: afs-5855 author: NIEMI, J. K. title: A dynamic programming model for optimising feeding and slaughter decisions regarding fattening pigs date: 2006 words: 67133 flesch: 62 summary: The approach is justified because pig meat producer prices in Finland are quite sta- ble in the short run when compared to most other EU countries, and because slaughterhouses that buy slaughter pigs and trade piglets in Finland pro- vide also price lists that remain in effect until a specified delivery date. As the amount of annually produced pig meat then increases, an increase in the price of pig meat price emphasises the volume of production. keywords: animal; barley; benchmark; c e; c u; capacity; capacity unit; carcass weight; control; days; decreases; e n; energy; et al; fattening; feeding; feeding patterns; feeding technology; function; g r; growth; income; increases; kg slaughter; l t; meal; meat price; meat value; model; n c; n d; period; pig growth; pig meat; pig production; pigs; price; producer; production; protein; quality; rate; results; scenario; share; slaughter decisions; slaughter patterns; slaughter pigs; slaughter premium; slaughter weight; soy; state; time; timing; tissue; u l; unit; value; value function; weight gain cache: afs-5855.pdf plain text: afs-5855.txt item: #438 of 2310 id: afs-5856 author: NYKTER, M.; KYMÄLÄINEN, H-R.; GATES, F. title: Quality characteristics of edible linseed oil date: 2006 words: 8191 flesch: 64 summary: Linseed oil has a favourable fatty acid composition with a high linolenic acid content. Linseed oil contains nearly 60% α-linolenic acid, compared with 25% for plant oils generally. keywords: acid; composition; content; et al; fatty; fatty acid; food; linolenic; linolenic acid; linseed; linseed oil; oil; oils; oxidation; quality; study; value cache: afs-5856.pdf plain text: afs-5856.txt item: #439 of 2310 id: afs-5857 author: JÖNSSON, Å.; NYBOM, H. title: Consumer evaluation of scab-resistant apple cultivars in Sweden date: 2006 words: 8219 flesch: 66 summary: I E N C E Vol. 15 (2006): 388–401. itively linked, and to contribute (especially crispi- ness) to the liking of apple cultivars (Hampson et al. 2000, King et al. 2001). Comparison of mean scores and R-indices for consumer preferences of apple cultivars. keywords: apples; consumers; cultivars; impression; red; scores; taste; texture cache: afs-5857.pdf plain text: afs-5857.txt item: #440 of 2310 id: afs-5858 author: TUOMISTO, J. title: Contract production as a method to reduce welfare loss caused by market uncertainty of seed potato date: 2007 words: 6938 flesch: 60 summary: Seed potato producers working with fixed-price advancement trade can sell seed potato at a price 13 percent lower than without the agreement – without decreasing the profitability of seed potato production. The yield of the potato crop has a strong impact on the price of food potato and on the demand of seed potato. keywords: agreement; contract; farm; food potato; market; potato market; potato price; potato producer; potato production; price; principal; producers; production; seed potato; transaction cache: afs-5858.pdf plain text: afs-5858.txt item: #441 of 2310 id: afs-5859 author: VRANIC, M.; KNEZEVIC, M.; BOSNJAK, K. title: Feeding value of low quality grass silage supplemented with maize silage for sheep date: 2007 words: 5143 flesch: 60 summary: As sheep prefer maize to grass silage diet (O’Doherty et al. 1997) and the GS in this study was of low quality, the combination of GS and MS was offered under the hypothesis that feeding a mixture of these supple- ments would have positive associative effects on food intake, digestibility and N retention in sheep. I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Feeding value of low quality grass silage supplemented with maize silage for sheep Marina Vranić, Mladen Knežević, Krešimir Bošnjak, Josip Leto, Goran Perćulija Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Department of Field Crop Production, Grassland Management Centre, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, e-mail: mpavlak@agr.hr The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of interactions between low quality grass silage (GS) dominated by orchardgrass and maize silage (MS) on ad libitum intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in wether sheep. keywords: digestibility; grass; intake; kg–1; maize; silage cache: afs-5859.pdf plain text: afs-5859.txt item: #442 of 2310 id: afs-5860 author: PROKKOLA, S.; KIVIJÄRVI, P. title: Effect of biological sprays on the incidence of grey mould, fruit yield and fruit quality in organic strawberry production date: 2007 words: 5096 flesch: 65 summary: ** *** *** NS NS NS Treatmet x year NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS a-b Means within the same column and year or treatment not sharing a common letter differ significantly (Tukey, P = 0.05) 2.3 3.2 2.2 ab 7.0 8.7 Garlic extract 498 385 13.5 2.6 3.5 1.3 b 6.3 8.9 F-test Treatment NS NS NS NS NS * NS NS Location * ** ** NS NS *** NS * Treatment x location NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Table 1. keywords: berries; compost; control; experiment; extract; grey; incidence; mould; plant; strawberry; treatments; yield cache: afs-5860.pdf plain text: afs-5860.txt item: #443 of 2310 id: afs-5861 author: STARAST, M.; KARP, K.; VOOL, E. title: Effect of NPK fertilization and elemental sulphur on growth and yield of lowbush blueberry date: 2007 words: 7327 flesch: 68 summary: In order to find the solution to the previously discussed problem, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of elemental sulphur and acidi- fying NPK fertilizers on blueberry plants grown in former arable land with a pH initially too high pH for blueberry. Plant yield and growth The first significant yield was picked on 10 Aug 2003, when the yields per blueberry plant and fruit weight were determined. keywords: blueberry; content; control; kärla; n s; npk; plant; soil; vasula; yield cache: afs-5861.pdf plain text: afs-5861.txt item: #444 of 2310 id: afs-5862 author: SKUPIEN, K.; OSZMIANSKI, J. title: The effect of mineral fertilization on nutritive value and biological activity of chokeberry fruit date: 2007 words: 6497 flesch: 54 summary: On the other hand, all the fertilizer treatments applied in this experiment caused the increase of total acid content in the fruits. The contribution of both unidentified phenolic acids in total phenolic acid content in these berries was 38%. keywords: acid; alkalin; aronia; berries; chokeberry; content; control; fruit; min; treatment cache: afs-5862.pdf plain text: afs-5862.txt item: #445 of 2310 id: afs-5863 author: NUNES, C.; USALL, J.; TEIXIDÓ, N. title: Biocontrol of postharvest decay using a new strain of Pseudomonas syringae CPA-5 in different cultivars of pome fruits date: 2007 words: 6373 flesch: 63 summary: Pilot tests of Candida sake (CPA-1) applications to control postharvest blue mould on apple fruit. To be an effective biocontrol agent the antago- nist should meet certain criteria, such as the ability to rapidly colonize wounds and the capacity to be effective against a wide range of pathogens and on different fruits (Wilson and Wisniewski 1989). keywords: b b; control; fruits; pear; postharvest; syringae cache: afs-5863.pdf plain text: afs-5863.txt item: #446 of 2310 id: afs-5864 author: MARJAMÄKI, T.; PIETOLA, L. title: Root growth dynamics in golf greens with different compression intensities and winter survival date: 2007 words: 6159 flesch: 67 summary: Current address: Kemira GrowHow Ltd., Research Center, PO Box 2, FI-02271 Espoo, Finland, e-mail: liisa.pietola@kemira-growhow.com The aim of this study was to measure root growth dynamics under Nordic putting green conditions in order to estimate the sensitivity of root growth to winter damages and compression. Wetted conditions with winter injury followed by excessive trampling may restrict root growth and hence nutrient use efficiency. keywords: center; depth; edge; fig; golf; greens; growth; root; season; soil; surface; water; winter cache: afs-5864.pdf plain text: afs-5864.txt item: #447 of 2310 id: afs-5865 author: YLI-HALLA, M. title: Editorial date: 2007 words: 638 flesch: 53 summary: Some of the readers may wonder how this distribution of published papers agrees with “publication of papers of international interest but featuring a northern perspective”, as stated in the Instructions to authors (www.mtt.fi/afs/about. html and www.mtt.fi/afs/instructions.html). The geographical distribution of papers published reflects the development in the submitted manuscripts, which increasingly come from countries other than Finland and even outside the Baltic region. keywords: journal; papers cache: afs-5865.pdf plain text: afs-5865.txt item: #448 of 2310 id: afs-5866 author: SERENIUS, T.; MUHONEN, P.; STALDER, K. title: Economic values of pork production related traits in Finland date: 2007 words: 6485 flesch: 58 summary: Agricultural and Food Sience, Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 79 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received January 2007 Economic values of pork production related traits in Finland Timo Serenius, Päivi Muhonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: timo.serenius@mtt.fi Kenneth Stalder Iowa State University, Department of Animal Science, Ames, IA50011, USA The objective of the present study was to estimate economic values for sow efficiency and meat produc- tion traits in the Finnish pork production system including the consideration for subsidies. Economic values for pig traits 82 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 79-88 83 Calculation of economic values Calculation of economic values was based on the change in economic efficiency with one unit change of a trait under consideration. keywords: c u; feed; meat; n c; piglet; production; quality; traits; values cache: afs-5866.pdf plain text: afs-5866.txt item: #449 of 2310 id: afs-5867 author: NEGUSSIE, E.; STRANDÉN, I.; MÄNTYSAARI, E. title: Genetic analysis of clinical mastitis during different risk periods in Finnish Ayrshire date: 2007 words: 5765 flesch: 61 summary: This and the magnitude (less than 1.0) of genetic correlations between CM traits suggest that a multitrait model considering CM from the different risk periods would be appropriate for CM sire evaluation. Heringstad et al. (2001a) divided first lactation from 15 days before calving to 210 days into 8 periods to assess the effect of sampling period on the heritability and genetic associations between CM traits using a linear sire model. keywords: data; mastitis cache: afs-5867.pdf plain text: afs-5867.txt item: #450 of 2310 id: afs-5868 author: TAPIO, M.; OZEROV, M.; VIINALASS, H. title: Molecular genetic variation in sheep of the central Volga area inhabited by Finno-Ugric peoples date: 2007 words: 8233 flesch: 60 summary: Genetic relationships and admixture among sheep breeds from Northern Spain assessed using microsatellites. Four sheep populations from the central Volga region were genotyped for 20 microsatellites and compared with geographically proximate breeds (Estonian Whitehead and Blackhead, the Finnsheep and an exported and a native population of Russian Romanov) and with local populations in Estonia, Finland and Russian Karelia. keywords: c e; c u; e n; n c; populations; russian; sheep; u l cache: afs-5868.pdf plain text: afs-5868.txt item: #451 of 2310 id: afs-5869 author: SCHULMAN, N.F.; VIITALA, S.M.; VILKKI, J.H. title: Quantitative trait loci for udder conformation and other udder traits in Finnish Ayrshire cattle date: 2007 words: 4321 flesch: 66 summary: Udder trait QTL in Finnish Ayrshire 172 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 170-176 173 A granddaughter design with 12 sire families was used in this study except for BTA20 where only 11 families were genotyped. Udder trait QTL in Finnish Ayrshire 172 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 170-176 173 QTL were detected: ST on BTA14 and 23, UB on BTA23, RUH on BTA11, and CL on BTA23. keywords: conformation; dairy; loci; qtl; traits; udder cache: afs-5869.pdf plain text: afs-5869.txt item: #452 of 2310 id: afs-5870 author: SEVÓN-AIMONEN, M-L.; HONKAVAARA, M.; SERENIUS, T. title: Genetic variation of loin and ham quality in Finnish Landrace and Large White pigs date: 2007 words: 9245 flesch: 74 summary: Genetic parameters of pig meat quality traits in a halothane negative population. Repeat- ability of taste panel tenderness scores and their relation- ship to objective pig meat quality traits. keywords: c u; drip; meat; muscles; n c; phu; quality; slaughter; traits; u l cache: afs-5870.pdf plain text: afs-5870.txt item: #453 of 2310 id: afs-5871 author: LIDAUER, M.; MÄNTYSAARI, E.A. title: Bias in genetic evaluation using random regression test-day model date: 2007 words: 10269 flesch: 67 summary: Repeatability and bias of estimated breeding values for dairy bulls and bull dams calculated from animal model evaluations. The bias in PI was studied for first lactation protein yield, later lactation protein yield, and for the combined protein yield, calculated as an average of first and later lactation protein yield. keywords: bias; model cache: afs-5871.pdf plain text: afs-5871.txt item: #454 of 2310 id: afs-5872 author: PUNTILA, M-L.; MÄKI, K.; NYLANDER, A. title: Genetic parameters for wool traits in Finnsheep lambs date: 2007 words: 7680 flesch: 68 summary: I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 124-135 125 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received January 2007 Genetic parameters for wool traits in Finnsheep lambs Marja-Leena Puntila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland e-mail: marja-leena.puntila@surffi.net Katariina Mäki Department of Animal Science, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Anne Nylander and Onerva Rintala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Genetic parameters were estimated for wool characteristics of white and coloured Finnsheep. The inclusion of wool traits completes the current selection profile which is focussed on meat pro- duction traits. keywords: c e; c u; e n; finnsheep; fleece; lambs; n c; n d; traits; u l; weight; wool cache: afs-5872.pdf plain text: afs-5872.txt item: #455 of 2310 id: afs-5873 author: PEURA, J.; STRANDÉN, I.; MÄNTYSAARI, E.A. title: Genetic parameters for Finnish blue fox population: litter size, age at first insemination and pelt size date: 2007 words: 6054 flesch: 66 summary: Consequently, average PS has increased considerably during the last 10–15 years. Although the unfavorable genetic correlation be- tween PS and LS seemed low, the high selection weight on PS has prevented genetic improvement in LS. keywords: c u; n c; size cache: afs-5873.pdf plain text: afs-5873.txt item: #456 of 2310 id: afs-5874 author: STRANDÉN, I.; PEURA, J. title: Inbreeding and relationship coefficients in the Finnish blue fox population date: 2007 words: 5612 flesch: 59 summary: Inbreeding and relationships Increase in average inbreeding coefficient was moderate or even low in the groups of all and breed- ing animals (Table 2). It appears that inbreeding is not a great problem in general, as about 68% of the farms had lower than 1% average inbreeding coefficient, while on 5 farms average inbreeding coefficient was above 3%. keywords: animals; c u; coefficient; inbreeding; n c cache: afs-5874.pdf plain text: afs-5874.txt item: #457 of 2310 id: afs-5875 author: HONKATUKIA, M.; TUISKULA-HAAVISTO, M.; VILKKI, J. title: Chromosome regions affecting body weight in egg layers date: 2007 words: 7143 flesch: 65 summary: The locations of body weight QTL with mater- nal expression on GGA1 for BW16, BW20, BW24 co-located with the QTL for BW40 observed pre- viously (Tuiskula-Haavisto et al. 2004). I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 177-187 185 In the following we discuss our new results on body weight QTL with parent-of-origin ef- fects, with special emphasis on the co-location of the observed parent-of-origin effects, clustering of chicken orthologues of mammalian imprinted genes and asynchronously replicating regions in chicken. keywords: body; c u; chromosome; et al; n c; qtl; weeks; weight cache: afs-5875.pdf plain text: afs-5875.txt item: #458 of 2310 id: afs-5876 author: MÄKI-TANILA, A. title: An overview on quantitative and genomic tools for utilising dominance genetic variation in improving animal production date: 2007 words: 7790 flesch: 53 summary: ad e 2v .F2 a+ v d ( ) ( )F F F1 1a d 2 2 2+ + - +v v vd A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Mäki-Tanila, A. An overview on quantitative and genomic tools for utilising dominance genetic variation 192 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 188-198 193 Estimation of in practice In predicting dominance genetic deviations or in quantifying the components of genetic varia- tion, the inversion of the dominance relationship matrix is needed. I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 188-198 189 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received May 2007 An overview on quantitative and genomic tools for utilising dominance genetic variation in improving animal production Asko Mäki-Tanila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: asko.maki-tanila@mtt.fi keywords: c u; dominance; effects; genetics; inbreeding; mäki; n c; populations; selection; tanila; u l; variation cache: afs-5876.pdf plain text: afs-5876.txt item: #459 of 2310 id: afs-5877 author: MÄKI-TANILA, A. title: Foreword - Special issue dedicated to Professor emeritus Kalle Maijala date: 2007 words: 1239 flesch: 53 summary: Kalle’s father in science is Ivar Johansson, professor of animal breeding in Uppsala in 1933-58. Foreword A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E 1 Foreword Asko Mäki-Tanila Biotechnology and Food Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland Professor Kalle Maijala is an eminent scientist in animal breeding with distinguished research career spanning from the mid-1950’s to retirement in 1990 – and in many respect until present – reflected in over 600 articles ranging from scientific to applied subjects. keywords: animal; breeding; kalle; research cache: afs-5877.pdf plain text: afs-5877.txt item: #460 of 2310 id: afs-5878 author: HUUSKONEN, A.; KHALILI, H.; JOKI-TOKOLA, E. title: Effects of replacing different proportions of barley grain by barley fibre on performance of dairy bulls date: 2007 words: 8863 flesch: 65 summary: At stage 2 (450 kg live weight to slaughter) the concentrate in BF25 included barley grain (750 g kg–1 DM) and barley fibre (250), in BF50 barley grain (500), barley fibre (500) and in BF75 barley grain (250), barley fibre (750). At stage 2 (450 kg live weight to slaughter) the concentrate in BF25 included barley grain (750 g kg–1 DM) and barley fibre (250), in BF50 barley grain (500), barley fibre (500) and in BF75 barley grain (250), barley fibre (750). keywords: barley; barley grain; c e; c u; fibre; grain; kg–1; n c cache: afs-5878.pdf plain text: afs-5878.txt item: #461 of 2310 id: afs-5879 author: JÕUDU, I.; HENNO, M.; VÄRV, S. title: Milk protein genotypes and milk coagulation properties of Estonian Native cattle date: 2007 words: 6468 flesch: 59 summary: Milk protein genotypes and milk coagulation properties of EN cattle 224 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C Milk protein genotypes and milk coagulation properties of EN cattle 224 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C keywords: c e; c u; coagulation; milk; n c cache: afs-5879.pdf plain text: afs-5879.txt item: #462 of 2310 id: afs-5880 author: LARSÉN, K.; SKARGREN, P.; LAGERKVIST, C.J. title: Optimal share contracts between pig producers date: 2007 words: 8561 flesch: 61 summary: Optimal share contracts between pig producers 210 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 199-211 211 and ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( , ) f p f f p f f p f f p f f p f f p f Cov P G G E P G G E P G E G E P E G G E P E G E G E P Cov G G = − = − =  =   2 2 2 ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ar( ) f f f f f f f f f f f f f f Cov P G G E P G E P G E G E P E G E P E G E P V G = − − =  =   ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( , ) p f f f p f p f f f p f f p f − =    ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ov( ) f f p f p f f f p f p f f f p f f p Cov P G P E P P G E P G E P E P P E G E P E G E P E G C P P = − = − =    2 2 2 ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ar( ) f f f f f f f f f f f f f f Cov P G G E P G E P G E G E P E G E P E G E P V G = − − =  =   A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Larsén, K. et al. keywords: c e; e n; e p; f e; f f; f p; g e; g g; g r; p g; p p cache: afs-5880.pdf plain text: afs-5880.txt item: #463 of 2310 id: afs-5881 author: PARTANEN, K.; SILJANDER-RASI, H.; HONKAVAARA, M. title: Effects of finishing diet and pre-slaughter fasting time on meat quality in crossbred pigs date: 2007 words: 8780 flesch: 65 summary: Finishing diet Control diet Fibrous diet Probability Fasting time 25 h 41 h 25 h 41 h SEM Diet Fasting Diet × fasting No. of samples 6 4 5 5 Intramuscular fat, % 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.9 0.3 0.24 0.92 0.90 Tenderness 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.7 0.3 0.72 0.56 0.64 Juiciness 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.8 0.2 0.56 0.52 0.97 Taste 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 0.1 0.82 0.94 0.33 Acceptabilitya 14.5 13.8 14.5 14.4 0.6 0.64 0.56 0.63 aSum of tenderness, juiciness and taste scores. I E N C E Vol. 16 (2007): 245-258 249 Early- Finishing diet Growing diet finishing diet Control Fibrous Ingredients, % Barley 78.95 81.81 87.56 57.86 Barley fibre - - - 12.00 Faba beans - - - 15.00 Soybean meal 17.86 15.34 9.81 - Rapeseed cake, cold-pressed - - - 12.77 Mineral and vitamin premixa 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 Calcium carbonate 0.83 0.76 0.71 0.63 Monocalcium phosphate 0.66 0.49 0.37 0.28 L-Lysine HCl 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.12 DL-Methionine 0.05 0.02 - 0.03 L-Threonine 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.01 Calculated nutritive value Net energy, MJ kg-1 8.65 8.74 8.74 8.74 Net energy distribution, % Protein 17 16 14 14 Fat 5 5 4 13 Carbohydrates 78 79 82 73 Apparent ileal digestible amino acids, g kg-1 Lysine 8.8 8.0 6.6 6.6 Methionine+cystine 5.2 4.7 4.0 3.9 Threonine 5.3 4.8 3.9 3.9 Calcium, g kg-1 7.5 7.0 6.4 6.4 Digestible phosphorus, g kg-1 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.4 Analysed nutrient contents Dry matter, g kg-1 880 878 879 892 Ash, g kg-1 53 50 46 49 Crude protein, g kg-1 182 166 144 155 Crude fat, g kg-1 22 18 15 40 Sugars, g kg-1 38 34 31 36 Starch, g kg-1 409 435 465 361 Total dietary fibreb, g kg-1 176 175 177 250 Neutral detergent fibre, g kg-1 164 163 161 229 Acid detergent fibre, g kg-1 55 54 52 93 Lignin, g kg-1 9 11 7 16 Hemicellulose, g kg-1 108 109 109 137 Cellulose, g kg-1 47 44 46 77 aPer kilogram of feed, the premix contained Ca, 2.3 g; P, 0.8 g; Mg, 0.5 g; NaCl, 3.3 g, Fe, 103 mg; Cu, 22 mg; Zn, 91 mg; Mn, 23 mg; keywords: c e; c u; diet; e n; et al; fasting; finishing; meat; n c; n d; pigs; quality; u l cache: afs-5881.pdf plain text: afs-5881.txt item: #464 of 2310 id: afs-5882 author: PÄRNA, E.; KIIMAN, H.; VALLAS, M. title: Development of a breeding objective for Estonian Holstein cattle date: 2007 words: 6144 flesch: 61 summary: The economic weights for milk production traits and functional traits were expressed per unit change of each trait and also per standard female unit (one cow place occupied during an entire year). The general approach when deriving eco- nomic values for milk production traits in a quota situation has been to reduce the number of cows at the farm (Gibson 1989, Groen 1989, Vargas et al 2002). keywords: c u; milk; n c; traits cache: afs-5882.pdf plain text: afs-5882.txt item: #465 of 2310 id: afs-5883 author: RASA, K.; HORN, R.; RÄTY, M. title: Water repellency of clay, sand and organic soils in Finland date: 2007 words: 7011 flesch: 65 summary: These results show that soil WR also reduces water infiltration at the prevalent field moisture regime in the soils of boreal climate. However, snow cover during the winter (around 75 days), the wet spring and autumn periods and rather dry periods in sum- mer suggest high fluctuations on soil WR. keywords: c e; c u; clay; n c; n d; sand; soil; u l; water cache: afs-5883.pdf plain text: afs-5883.txt item: #466 of 2310 id: afs-5884 author: RUUSUNEN, M.; PUOLANNE, E.; PARTANEN, K. title: Heart size and mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area related to birth weight in pigs date: 2007 words: 5212 flesch: 72 summary: The cross sectional area of muscle fibres in M. longissimus dorsi (P < 0.05), M. semimembranosus (P < 0.10), and M. gluteus superficialis (P < 0.05) was larger in those pigs with low birth weight compared to those found in pigs with high birth weight. Therefore, for pigs with about the same carcass leanness and live weight at slaughter, the cross- sectional area of muscle fibres should be larger in those pigs with low birth weight than in those with high birth weight. keywords: area; birth; birth weight; heart; muscle; pigs; weight cache: afs-5884.pdf plain text: afs-5884.txt item: #467 of 2310 id: afs-5885 author: TURTOLA, E. title: Preface date: 2007 words: 1456 flesch: 43 summary: Although the decrease in the bal- ance values indicates a decreased potential for nutrient losses to the environment, the actual trend in the losses also depends on many other factors, such as changes in the proportion of annual and perennial crops, changes with time in the content of soil organic matter and in soil structure, and fluctuations in climatic conditions. There have been only minor efforts in AEP to promote improvement of soil structure or proper drainage of fields. keywords: finnish; production cache: afs-5885.pdf plain text: afs-5885.txt item: #468 of 2310 id: afs-5886 author: EKHOLM, P.; GRANLUND, K.; KAUPPILA, P. title: Influence of EU policy on agricultural nutrient losses and the state of receiving surface waters in Finland date: 2007 words: 10669 flesch: 59 summary: Agricultural lakes in Finland – Current water quality and trends. This is in accordance with the results of other pa- leolimnological studies on long-term water quality trends in Finnish agricultural lakes (Kauppi et al. 1990, Räsänen et al. 2006). keywords: agriculture; catchments; data; environmental; et al; finland; lakes; losses; nutrient; period; rivers; runoff; surface; total; trends; water cache: afs-5886.pdf plain text: afs-5886.txt item: #469 of 2310 id: afs-5887 author: UUSITALO, R.; TURTOLA, E.; GRÖNROOS, J. title: Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus date: 2007 words: 28 flesch: 18 summary: Agricultural and food science, vol. 16 (2007): 199-211 Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus Introduction Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS keywords: phosphorus cache: afs-5887.pdf plain text: afs-5887.txt item: #470 of 2310 id: afs-5888 author: UUSITALO, R.; YLIVAINIO, K.; TURTOLA, E. title: Accumulation and translocation of sparingly soluble manure phosphorus in different types of soils after long-term excessive inputs date: 2007 words: 37 flesch: 18 summary: 16(2007): 317-331 Accumulation and translocation of sp aringly soluble manure phosphorus in different types of soils after long-term excessive inputs Introduction Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Agricultural and Food Science, vol. keywords: vol cache: afs-5888.pdf plain text: afs-5888.txt item: #471 of 2310 id: afs-5889 author: TURTOLA, E.; ALAKUKKU, L.; UUSITALO, R. title: Surface runoff, subsurface drainflow and soil erosion as affected by tillage in a clayey Finnish soil date: 2007 words: 32 flesch: 34 summary: 16(2007):332-351 Surface runoff, subsurface drainflow and soil erosion as affected by tillage in a clayey Finnish soil Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Agricultural and Food Science, vol. keywords: soil cache: afs-5889.pdf plain text: afs-5889.txt item: #472 of 2310 id: afs-5890 author: UUSITALO, R.; TURTOLA, E.; LEMOLA, R. title: Phosphorus losses from a subdrained clayey soil as affected by cultivation practices date: 2007 words: 31 flesch: 14 summary: Agricultural and Food Sience, vol. 16 (2007): 352-365 Phosphorus losses from a subdrained clayey soil as affected by cultivation practices Introduction Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS keywords: vol cache: afs-5890.pdf plain text: afs-5890.txt item: #473 of 2310 id: afs-5891 author: SALO, T.; LEMOLA, R.; ESALA, M. title: National and regional net nitrogen balances in Finland in 1990 2005 date: 2007 words: 6652 flesch: 64 summary: In addition to national N balances, calculation of N balances for different agricultural regions is also recommended. The information represented by N balances is needed to analyse the interactions between agriculture and the environment and to evaluate the impact of changes in agricultural policy on the environment. keywords: agriculture; balance; centres; environment; finland; finnish; ha–1; manure; n.a; national; net; nitrogen; production cache: afs-5891.pdf plain text: afs-5891.txt item: #474 of 2310 id: afs-5892 author: GRANLUND, K.; BÄRLUND, I.; SALO, T. title: The effect of decreasing fertilization on agricultural nitrogen leaching: a model study date: 2007 words: 29 flesch: 5 summary: 16(2007): 376-386 The effect of decreasing fertilization on agricultural nitrogen leaching: a model study Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS Agricultural and Food Science, vol. keywords: vol cache: afs-5892.pdf plain text: afs-5892.txt item: #475 of 2310 id: afs-5893 author: RANKINEN, K.; SALO, T.; GRANLUND, K. title: Simulated nitrogen leaching, nitrogen mass field balances and their correlation on four farms in south-western Finland during the period 2000 2005 date: 2007 words: 10811 flesch: 58 summary: The main aims were to evaluate 1) the effect of different application rates of N fertiliz- ers on the field N balance and N leaching, 2) the usefulness of the field N balance as an indicator of N leaching, and 3) the N leaching risks related to different production types. Cumulative inclusion of precipitation, N mineralization rate and either plant N uptake or N fertilization had only a small influence on the effect of N balance on N leaching, at least when compared to the 256% increase in the value of the regression coefficient that took place when both N uptake and N fertilization were further added into the model (Table 8). keywords: balance; cereal; crop; farm; fertilization; field; ha–1yr–1; inorganic; leaching; manure; mineralization; n c; nitrogen; pig; production; soil; uptake cache: afs-5893.pdf plain text: afs-5893.txt item: #476 of 2310 id: afs-58936 author: Maslak, Katarzyna; Nimmermark, Sven title: Thermal energy use for dehumidification of a tomato greenhouse by natural ventilation and a system with an air-to-air heat exchanger date: 2017 words: 7125 flesch: 54 summary: Mixing air coming from the heat exchanger with greenhouse air is a possibility if preheating is to be avoided, but such a system working properly may be hard to design. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE K. Maslak & S. Nimmermark (2017) 26: 56–66 58 A natural gas boiler was used to provide heat energy to the greenhouse. keywords: air; dehumidification; energy; energy use; exchanger; greenhouse; heat; heat exchanger; humidity; lai; m-2; temperature; ventilation cache: afs-58936.pdf plain text: afs-58936.txt item: #477 of 2310 id: afs-5894 author: SALO, T.; ESKELINEN, J.; JAUHIAINEN, L. title: Reduced fertiliser use and changes in cereal grain weight, test weight and protein content in Finland in 1990-2005 date: 2007 words: 7891 flesch: 66 summary: Reduced fertiliser use and changes in cereal grain weight, test weight and protein content in Finland in 1990–2005 Introduction Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions References SELOSTUS The distribution of P fertiliser application rates was skewed and logarithmic transformation was done to normalise the data. keywords: application; barley; fertiliser; grain; spring; weight; wheat; winter cache: afs-5894.pdf plain text: afs-5894.txt item: #478 of 2310 id: afs-5895 author: LEHTONEN, H.; LANKOSKI, J.; KOIKKALAINEN, K. title: Economic and environmental performance of alternative policy measures to reduce nutrient surpluses in Finnish agriculture date: 2007 words: 11981 flesch: 51 summary: Environmental performance of agri-environmental policy measures may be significantly reduced, if they are implemented jointly with production coupled income support policies. Keeping national supports production linked but paying agri-environmental support only if nutrient surpluses are clearly reduced (BAL), is a policy alternative that would be the most effective in decreasing overall N surplus, but relatively less effective in reducing P surplus than full decou- pling of national supports. keywords: agri; agriculture; base; cap; decoupling; farm; finland; income; level; measures; milk; model; nutrient; payments; policy; prices; production; scenario; support; surpluses; tax cache: afs-5895.pdf plain text: afs-5895.txt item: #479 of 2310 id: afs-58960 author: Fernández, Juan A.; Niñirola, Diana; Ochoa, Jesús; Orsini, Francesco; Pennisi, Giuseppina; Gianquinto, Giorgio; Egea-Gilabert, Catalina title: Root adaptation and ion selectivity affects the nutritional value of salt-stressed hydroponically grown baby-leaf Nasturtium officinale and Lactuca sativa date: 2016 words: 6216 flesch: 56 summary: Several studies have reported the beneficial effects to human health of consuming watercress; these include anticancer effects (Verhoeven et al. 1997), reduced lymphocyte DNA damage and alterations of the blood antioxidant status in healthy adults (Gill et al. 2007), as well a well-documented AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. A. Fernández et al. (2016) 25: 230–239 231 diabetes prevention effect (Shahrokhi et al. 2009). Strange colour Browning Dehydration Strange aromas Strange taste Visual appearance Global quality Lettuce 2.5 1.71 – 2.00 – 2.57 – 1.14 – 1.57 – 6.42 – 6.71 – 5 2.14 – 1.85 – 2.57 – 1.57 – 1.85 – 6.42 – 6.57 – 10 2.57 – 2.14 – 2.00 – 1.28 – 2.00 – 5.71 – 5.85 – Watercress 2.5 1.16 – 1.00 – 1.66 – 1.16 – 1.16 b 7.33 – 7.66 – 5 1.00 – 1.20 – 1.60 – 1.00 – 1.20 ab 7.00 – 7.20 – 10 1.33 – 1.16 – 1.66 – 1.16 – 2.33 a 7.00 – 6.50 – AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. A. Fernández et al. (2016) 25: 230–239 237 Quality of baby-leaf vegetables exposed to salt stress Salinity caused a rise in the leaf concentrations of sodium of up to 1800 and 3000 mg kg–1 in lettuce and water- cress, respectively (Fig. 3). keywords: et al; fig; food; lettuce; m–1; nitrate; plants; quality; salinity; science; spring; watercress; winter cache: afs-58960.pdf plain text: afs-58960.txt item: #480 of 2310 id: afs-5897 author: GELAN, A.; SCHWARZ, G. title: The effect of single farm payments on less favoured areas agriculture in Scotland: a CGE analysis date: 2008 words: 10255 flesch: 48 summary: 17 Since these commodity groups constitute a large proportion of LFA farm outputs, these farm types have shown larger activity declines than non-LFA farm types. Whilst the last two are classified as LFA farm types, the first three are classified as non-LFA farms. keywords: agricultural; c e; c u; cap; decoupling; e n; farm; impacts; lfa; n c; n d; output; policy; scottish; u l cache: afs-5897.pdf plain text: afs-5897.txt item: #481 of 2310 id: afs-5898 author: MATTILA, T.; MANNINEN, M.; RIKKONEN, P. title: Management of investment processes on Finnish farms date: 2008 words: 8400 flesch: 59 summary: This study confirmed that models devel- oped for industrial buying behaviour are valuable tools also for studying farm processes. Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 18-30 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 18-30. 18 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 18-30. 19 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received March 2007 Management of investment processes on Finnish farms Timo Mattila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, present address: Valtra Inc. FI-44200 Suolahti, Finland email: timo.mattila@valtra.com Marja Manninen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, present address: ProAgria Farma, Artturinkatu 2, FI-20200 Turku, Finland Pasi Rikkonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland Hanna-Riitta Kymäläinen University of Helsinki, Department of Agrotechnology, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Structural change in agriculture means a continuous need for investing in farm production. keywords: c e; c u; e n; farmers; farms; information; investment; n c; n d; u l cache: afs-5898.pdf plain text: afs-5898.txt item: #482 of 2310 id: afs-5899 author: VASILIEV, N.; ASTOVER, A.; MÕTTE, M. title: Efficiency of Estonian grain farms in 2000 2004 date: 2008 words: 6240 flesch: 58 summary: Gorton and Davidova (2004) suggest two explana- tions for the variations in farm efficiency: (i) the internal structure and agency factors and (ii) the inter-organisational arrangements. Thiele and Brodersen (1999) discovered that the variance of farm efficiencies was higher in the former East Germany than in West Germany in 1995–1997 and argued that this was due to the greater inconsist- ency of management skills in the east during the transition period. keywords: c u; efficiency; farms; grain; n c; n d; scale cache: afs-5899.pdf plain text: afs-5899.txt item: #483 of 2310 id: afs-5900 author: MONONEN, J.; MOHAIBES, M.; SAVOLAINEN, S. title: Water baths for farmed mink: intra-individual consistency and inter-individual variation in swimming behaviour, and effects on stereotyped behaviour date: 2008 words: 7868 flesch: 64 summary: Other demand studies have not confirmed these findings, but it has been found that mink value swimming water and run- ning wheels equally (as measured by the demand elasticity, Hansen and Jensen 2006). Instead, we found that the juvenile mink housed with swimming baths had less stereotypies than those housed without baths, indicating that the baths may have alleviated frustration. keywords: bath; behaviour; c e; c u; mink; n c; n d; swimming; water cache: afs-5900.pdf plain text: afs-5900.txt item: #484 of 2310 id: afs-5901 author: LEITO, A.; TRUU, J.; ÕUNSAAR, M. title: The impact of agriculture on autumn staging Eurasian Cranes (Grus grus) in Estonia date: 2008 words: 5811 flesch: 67 summary: The Eurasian Crane breeding populations and the numbers of autumn staging cranes increased simultaneously up to the 1980s; after that the rise in staging crane numbers stopped, although the breeding population has continued to grow up to the present day (Leito et al. 2003, 2006). We found a significant positive correlation be- tween the number of staging cranes and the crop- ping area of winter rye, winter wheat, summer wheat and all cereals combined, and a negative correlation between crane numbers and the crop- ping area of potato (Table 1). keywords: area; cranes; estonia; n c; staging cache: afs-5901.pdf plain text: afs-5901.txt item: #485 of 2310 id: afs-5902 author: JAUHIAINEN, L.; ÖFVERSTEN, J.; KANGAS, A. title: Recommendable block sizes: a case study on Finnish official variety trials of barley cultivars date: 2008 words: 5907 flesch: 64 summary: Differences between cultivars were analysed using the following traditional mixed model for incomplete block design: yijk= µ + rj + bk(rj ) + αi + εijk (4) where yijk is the yield of the ith cultivar from the jth replication and the kth block, µ is the intercept, αi is the effect of the ith cultivar, rj is the effect of the jth replication, bk(rj) is the effect of the kth incom- plete block nested within the jth replication and εijk is the residual error. Table 2: Parameter estimates for the spatial mixed model and effectiveness of the model compared to the analysis based on incomplete block designs. keywords: block; c e; c u; e n; n c; trials; u l cache: afs-5902.pdf plain text: afs-5902.txt item: #486 of 2310 id: afs-5903 author: NYKÄNEN, A.; GRANSTEDT, A.; JAUHIAINEN, L. title: Residual effect of clover-rich leys on soil nitrogen and successive grain crops date: 2008 words: 9815 flesch: 69 summary: In Juva 1 trial, the cereal yields were higher after higher ley yields and BNF-N and N amount incorporated into the soil. Ley yields, total nitrogen (N) and N from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF-N) (kg ha-1) incor- porated into the soil and C:N of ley yields before cereals in trials 1 and 2 in Juva and Mietoinen. keywords: c e; c u; e n; juva; ley; leys; mietoinen; n c; n d; soil; spring; trial; u l cache: afs-5903.pdf plain text: afs-5903.txt item: #487 of 2310 id: afs-5904 author: VESTBERG, M.; KUKKONEN, S.; KURU, H. title: Effect of cropping system and peat amendment on strawberry growth and yield date: 2008 words: 9168 flesch: 68 summary: The cropping system affected total fruit yield significantly, but peat amendment did not (Table 3). The peat amendment, but not the cropping system, decreased the percentage of strawberry plants suffering from or killed by winter damage. keywords: c e; c u; cropping; e n; n c; n d; n s; s f; strawberry; system; u l; yield cache: afs-5904.pdf plain text: afs-5904.txt item: #488 of 2310 id: afs-5905 author: HIETARANTA, T.; PARIKKA, P. title: 'Suvetar' and 'Valotar' - new strawberry cultivars (Research Note) date: 2008 words: 4200 flesch: 72 summary: Key-words: breeding, Fragaria × ananassa, fruit firmness, powdery mildew resistance, crown rot resistance Introduction Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is the most im- portant cultivated soft fruit in Finland, and almost all of the production is for the fresh market. U. Braun & S. Takam) and fruit firmness. keywords: fruit; jonsok; polka; suvetar; valotar cache: afs-5905.pdf plain text: afs-5905.txt item: #489 of 2310 id: afs-5906 author: HUUSKONEN, A.; KHALILI, H.; JOKI-TOKOLA, E. title: Need for protein supplementation in the diet of growing dairy bulls fed total mixed ration based on moderate digestible grass silage and barley date: 2008 words: 8271 flesch: 66 summary: Albeit the LWG of the bulls fed BPWDS diet tended to be higher compared with the bulls fed C diet, none of the protein sup- plements had any significant effect on carcass gain or feed conversion in the present experiment. Rumen fermentation, diet digestion and microbial protein synthesis in grow- ing heifers fed grass silage diets with or without con- centrate supplementation. keywords: barley; bpwds; bulls; c diet; c e; c u; diet; grass; n c; protein; silage cache: afs-5906.pdf plain text: afs-5906.txt item: #490 of 2310 id: afs-5907 author: MARTISKAINEN, P.; TUOMISTO, L.; HUUSKONEN, A. title: Training dairy bull calves to stay within light-built electric fences (Research Note) date: 2008 words: 3585 flesch: 67 summary: Training dairy bull calves to stay within electric fences 122 A G R Training dairy bull calves to stay within electric fences 122 A G R keywords: animals; calves; dairy; fence; training cache: afs-5907.pdf plain text: afs-5907.txt item: #491 of 2310 id: afs-5908 author: RISKU-NORJA, H.; HIETALA, R.; VIRTANEN, H. title: Localisation of primary food production in Finland: production potential and environmental impacts of food consumption patterns date: 2008 words: 12500 flesch: 63 summary: Organic farming for local food production resulted in higher greenhouse gas emissions. Key-words: food production, food consumption, conventional and organic local production, dietary changes, production potential, environmental impacts A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C keywords: agriculture; animal; area; c e; c u; consumption; diet; e n; emissions; et al; finland; food; food consumption; food production; g r; impacts; l t; n c; n d; option; production; u l cache: afs-5908.pdf plain text: afs-5908.txt item: #492 of 2310 id: afs-5909 author: REINTAM, E.; TRÜKMANN, K.; KUHT, J. title: Effect of Cirsium arvense L. on soil physical properties and crop growth date: 2008 words: 7067 flesch: 71 summary: Results Field survey The field survey on Estonian arable land affected by C. arvense, which have been abandoned for four years and than re-cultivated, revealed the loosen- ing effect of C. arvense roots on compacted soil. The results in the field experiment confirm the hypothesis that C. arvense roots are able to penetrate and loosen compacted soil. keywords: arvense; c e; c u; compacted; e n; n c; n d; soil; u l cache: afs-5909.pdf plain text: afs-5909.txt item: #493 of 2310 id: afs-5910 author: KAUKORANTA, T.; HAKALA, K. title: Impact of spring warming on sowing times of cereal, potato and sugar beet in Finland date: 2008 words: 6703 flesch: 67 summary: The A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Kaukoranta, T. and Hakala, K. Time of sowing affected by spring warming 166 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 165–176. 167 enhanced greenhouse effect, warming of the earth’s surface due to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, is expected to raise winter temperatures by 1.2 to 5°C by 2010–2039 relative to the average for 1961–1990, spring temperatures by 1.1 to 4.2°C and summer temperatures (June–August) by 0.6 to 1.6°C (Jylhä et al. 2004). Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 165-176 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 165–176. 165 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received February 2006 Impact of spring warming on sowing times of cereal, potato and sugar beet in Finland Timo Kaukoranta and Kaija Hakala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: timo.kaukoranta@mtt.fi Historical data were used to determine if the warm springs experienced in recent decades have influenced time of sowing of spring cereals (barley, wheat and oats), potato and sugar beet in Finland. keywords: c u; n c; n d; sowing; spring cache: afs-5910.pdf plain text: afs-5910.txt item: #494 of 2310 id: afs-5911 author: HAJIBOLAND, R.; AMJAD, L. title: The effects of selenate and sulphate supply on the accumulation and volatilization of Se by cabbage, kohlrabi and alfalfa plants grown hydroponically date: 2008 words: 8469 flesch: 66 summary: Se uptake, transport and volatilization Se uptake increased with increasing Se concentration in the medium. 183 S (mM) Se (μM) Cabbage Kohlrabi Alfalfa S Se S Se S keywords: alfalfa; brassica; c e; c u; e n; n c; n d; plants; u l cache: afs-5911.pdf plain text: afs-5911.txt item: #495 of 2310 id: afs-5912 author: KOLA, J. title: Foreword date: 2008 words: 1204 flesch: 50 summary: Simojoki et al. analyse the intensification of mechanical agriculture and its impacts on soil quality in their study of macro- and micro-scale gaseous diffusion in a Stagnic Luvisol as affected by compaction and reduced tillage. As one way to improve the potato’s competitiveness, Turakainen et al. investigate the effect of selenium enrichment on the growth of sprouts and the growth vigour of seed potatoes. keywords: agriculture; faculty; food; forestry cache: afs-5912.pdf plain text: afs-5912.txt item: #496 of 2310 id: afs-5913 author: OLLIKAINEN, M.; LANKOSKI, J.; NUUTINEN, S. title: Policy-related transaction costs of agricultural policies in Finland date: 2008 words: 10087 flesch: 54 summary: An investiga- tion of policy administrative costs using panel data for the English Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Framework and overview of policy measures In this section, we describe the conceptual frame- work for identifying relevant elements of PRTCs and present some typical hypotheses that affect the size of the costs. keywords: agri; c e; c u; costs; e n; measures; n c; n d; policy; prtcs; support; transaction; u l cache: afs-5913.pdf plain text: afs-5913.txt item: #497 of 2310 id: afs-5914 author: MÄÄTTÄ, J.; KYMÄLÄINEN, H-R.; HELLSTEDT, M. title: Properties and cleanability of new and traditional agricultural surface materials date: 2008 words: 10174 flesch: 63 summary: However, when evaluating surface materials used in animal houses it should be remembered that surfaces which are too smooth may be slippery for animals and personnel, and cause injuries. Qualitative SEM micrographs of different types of surface materials are presented in Fig. 4 and 5. keywords: atp; c e; c u; cleanability; cleaning; e n; g r; l t; materials; model; n c; n d; radiochemical; soil; surface; u l cache: afs-5914.pdf plain text: afs-5914.txt item: #498 of 2310 id: afs-5915 author: KUISMA, R.; KYMÄLÄINEN, H-R.; HELLSTEDT, M. title: Properties and cleanability of new and traditional surface materials in cattle barns - a field study date: 2008 words: 7198 flesch: 66 summary: SEM micrographs of the mechanically worn surface materials on the feeding table (a-f), magnification 500×. The codes of surface materials are given in Table 3. g) Concrete, oil-based SE biomassa (Co6) Fig. The codes of surface materials are given in Table 3. keywords: c e; c u; concrete; e n; materials; n c; study; surface; table; u l cache: afs-5915.pdf plain text: afs-5915.txt item: #499 of 2310 id: afs-5916 author: TUOMISTO, H. L.; HELENIUS, J. title: Comparison of energy and greenhouse gas balances of biogas with other transport biofuel options based on domestic agricultural biomass in Finland date: 2008 words: 7066 flesch: 60 summary: Another benefit of biogas production is that wide ranged organic materials, including manure, crops, weeds, sewage sludge and industrial and municipal biowaste, can be used as raw material. Biogas production can also improve the econ- omy and efficiency of organic crop farms. keywords: biogas; c e; c u; e n; emissions; energy; ghg; input; n c; n d; production; u l cache: afs-5916.pdf plain text: afs-5916.txt item: #500 of 2310 id: afs-5917 author: SIMOJOKI, A.; FAZEKAS-BECKER, O.; HORN, R. title: Macro- and microscale gaseous diffusion in a Stagnic Luvisol as affected by compaction and reduced tillage date: 2008 words: 8699 flesch: 59 summary: Parameters of water retention curves for soil samples as related to the experimental treatments and soil depth. 255 each of 236 cm3 soil sample, and using plotwise averaged data at a given matric water potential for the smaller samples for each treatment and depth in the field. keywords: air; c e; c u; compaction; data; diffusion; diffusivity; e n; n c; n d; samples; soil; tillage; u l; water cache: afs-5917.pdf plain text: afs-5917.txt item: #501 of 2310 id: afs-5918 author: SOINNE, H.; SAARIJÄRVI, K.; KARPPINEN, M. title: Sensitivity of soil phosphorus tests in predicting the potential risk of phosphorus loss from pasture soil date: 2008 words: 7834 flesch: 68 summary: When the effect of urine on soil P was meas- ured, the two P tests gave dissimilar outcomes. Urine additions immediately increased soil pH and MRPw, but no such response was observed in PAc extraction due to the low pH (4.65) of the extractant enhancing the resorption of P. The PAc responded to the dung- induced increase in soil total P similarly as did Pw, which suggests that both tests can serve to detect areas of high P concentration. keywords: c e; c u; control; dung; e n; n c; n d; pac; soil; u l; urine cache: afs-5918.pdf plain text: afs-5918.txt item: #502 of 2310 id: afs-5919 author: TURAKAINEN, M.; HARTIKAINEN, H.; SARJALA, T. title: Impact of selenium enrichment on seed potato tubers date: 2008 words: 6663 flesch: 67 summary: 278 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 278–288. 279 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received June 2007 Impact of selenium enrichment on seed potato tubers Marja Turakainen1*, Helinä Hartikainen2, Tytti Sarjala3 and Mervi M. Seppänen1 1Department of Applied Biology, PO Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Impact of selenium enrichment on seed potato tubers 280 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 278–288. 281 2005), whereas at higher concentrations it acts as a pro-oxidant inducing oxidative stress and reduc- ing the yields (Hartikainen et al. 2000, Cartes et al. 2005). keywords: c e; c u; e n; growth; months; n c; n d; potato; seed; seed tubers; tubers cache: afs-5919.pdf plain text: afs-5919.txt item: #503 of 2310 id: afs-5920 author: MÄKELÄ, P.; MUURINEN, S.; PELTONEN-SAINIO, P. title: Spring Cereals: From Dynamic Ideotypes to Cultivars in Northern Latitudes date: 2008 words: 13986 flesch: 66 summary: On the other hand, Slafer and Savin (1994) demonstrated a sink limitation of wheat yield. Genetic progress in wheat yield and nitro- gen use efficiency under four nitrogen rates. keywords: barley; c e; c u; cereals; crop; cultivars; e n; efficiency; et al; grain; growth; journal; n c; n d; nitrogen; plant; science; spring; u l; use; water; wheat; yield cache: afs-5920.pdf plain text: afs-5920.txt item: #504 of 2310 id: afs-5921 author: ELOMAA, P.; JOENSUU, J.J.; KORPELAINEN, H. title: Plant biotechnology for deeper understanding, wider use and further development of agricultural and horticultural crops date: 2008 words: 13371 flesch: 55 summary: A novel gene family in moss (Physcomitrella patens) shows sequence homol- ogy and a phylogenetic relationship with the TIR-NBS class of plant disease resistance genes. Development of SCAR markers to the PVY resistance gene Ryadg based on a common feature of plant disease resistance genes. keywords: biotechnology; c e; c u; development; e n; elomaa; et al; gene; gerbera; j.p.t; n c; n d; plant; plant biotechnology; potato; production; protein; research; resistance; species; teeri; u l; valkonen; virus cache: afs-5921.pdf plain text: afs-5921.txt item: #505 of 2310 id: afs-5922 author: AUTIO, E.; SIHTO, U.; MONONEN, J. title: Energy intake and growth of weanling horses in a cold loose housing system date: 2008 words: 8498 flesch: 68 summary: 338 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 338–350. 339 information relating to the nutrition and feeding management of growing horses in a cold environ- ment has grown with the popularity of cold loose housing in northern countries. Average daily digestible en- ergy (DE) intakes were 33 % higher than mainte- nance energy requirement in growing horses housed outdoors in Canadian winter weather (Cymbaluk and Christison 1989a), and were increased by more than 50 % in horses in severely cold conditions (< –25 ºC) (Cymbaluk and Christison 1990). keywords: c e; c u; energy; horses; intake; n c; study; u l cache: afs-5922.pdf plain text: afs-5922.txt item: #506 of 2310 id: afs-5923 author: HANSSON, H. title: Are larger farms more efficient?A farm level study of the relationships between efficiency and size on specialized dairy farms in Sweden date: 2008 words: 8679 flesch: 64 summary: Nevertheless, the effect of farm size on dairy farm efficiency is not clear, and consequently it is unsure whether the out- come of a farm enlargement will be a more efficient farm. The paper concludes by suggesting that farm efficiency can be increased both by focusing on increasing the knowledge about how inputs can be more optimally combined and by growth of the farms. keywords: c e; c u; dairy; efficiency; farms; n c; scale; size cache: afs-5923.pdf plain text: afs-5923.txt item: #507 of 2310 id: afs-5924 author: KLEWICKI, R.; UCZCIWEK, M. title: Effect of osmotic dehydration in fructose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharide solutions on the content of saccharides in plums and apples and their energy value date: 2008 words: 5013 flesch: 62 summary: Thus, replacing sucrose with fructooligosaccharides in osmotic solutions may be beneficial to human health. 367 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received March 2007 Effect of osmotic dehydration in fructose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharide solutions on the content of saccharides in plums and apples and their energy value Robert Klewicki* and Małgorzata Uczciwek Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, 4/10 Stefanowskiego Street, Poland, *e-mail: robertkl@p.lodz.pl Plums (Najbolia and Stanley) and apples (Idared) were subjected to osmotic dehydration in 50% solutions of fructose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) at 22, 40 and 60 °C for 24 hours. keywords: content cache: afs-5924.pdf plain text: afs-5924.txt item: #508 of 2310 id: afs-5925 author: RIESINGER, P.; HERZON, I. title: Variability of herbage production in mixed leys as related to ley age and environmental factors: a farm survey date: 2008 words: 11568 flesch: 65 summary: Herbage produc- tion was positively related with clover proportion. Soil properties had a major impact on clover proportion and herbage production, largely explaining also regional differences in ley growth. keywords: c e; c u; clover; cut; e n; herbage; herbage production; l t; leys; n c; n d; production; proportion; soil; u l cache: afs-5925.pdf plain text: afs-5925.txt item: #509 of 2310 id: afs-5926 author: KRÍZOVÁ, L.; TRINÁCTÝ, J.; RICHTER, M. title: Effect of Ruminally-protected leucine supplement on milk yield and plasma amino acids in dairy cows date: 2008 words: 5317 flesch: 63 summary: Nevertheless, results of our previous work confirmed the functionality of produced copolymer-coated rumen protected tablets that were used in the present experiment by significantly increasing duodenal flow of sup- plemented AA (Křížová et al. 2007) as well as by increase in milk yield and milk protein yield (Třináctý et al. 2006). Therefore, the increase in milk protein yield by supplying the next-limiting AA, would be very small under practical feeding conditions. keywords: cows; dairy; leu; milk cache: afs-5926.pdf plain text: afs-5926.txt item: #510 of 2310 id: afs-5927 author: Nykänen, A.; Jauhiainen, L.; Lindström, K.; Kemppainen, J. title: Field-scale spatial variation in yields and nitrogen fixation of clover-grass leys and in soil nutrients date: 2008 words: 10507 flesch: 70 summary: In those cuts with low Ndfa, a negative correlation was found between Ndfa and Ntot content of grasses, which is in line with the findings of Hansen and Vinther (2001) and might indicate higher soil N. The higher amounts of BNF have been ex- plained in many cases by higher clover dry matter production, not by higher Ndfa (Väisänen et al. 2000, Huss-Danell et al. 2007). Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 17 (2008): 376-393 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 376–393. 376 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 376–393. 377 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received December 2007 Field-scale spatial variation in yields and nitrogen fixation of clover-grass leys and in soil nutrients Arja Nykänen1, Lauri Jauhiainen2, Jukka Kemppainen3 and Kristina Lindström4 1 MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production, Lönnrotinkatu 3, FI-50100 keywords: bnf; c e; c u; clover; cut; e n; field; g r; juva; l t; n c; n d; nutrients; soil; sotkamo; u l; variation cache: afs-5927.pdf plain text: afs-5927.txt item: #511 of 2310 id: afs-5928 author: SAMMUL, M.; KATTAI, K.; LANNO, K. title: Wooded meadows of Estonia: conservation efforts for agricultural landscape date: 2008 words: 10616 flesch: 62 summary: Wooded meadows of Estonia 416 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 17 (2008): 413–429. 417 Data on wooded meadows Our analyses of the current distribution and status of wooded meadows are based on data from two different state-wide GIS-databases (see also Kukk and Sammul 2006). Discussion Dynamics and current distribution of wooded meadows Wooded meadows can be found in other regions besides Estonia, such as southern Sweden, south- ern Finland and the Alps, but they have decreased throughout the range (Hæggström 1983, Kukk and Kull 1997, Hansson and Fogelfors 2000, Mitlacher et al. 2002, Huhta and Rautio 2005). keywords: area; c e; c u; conservation; e n; estonia; meadows; n c; n d; species; u l; value cache: afs-5928.pdf plain text: afs-5928.txt item: #512 of 2310 id: afs-5929 author: REZAEI, M.; DEHGHANI, S.; ALIGHAFFARI, J. title: The effects of different levels of L-carnitine and fat on performance and egg quality of laying hens date: 2008 words: 4482 flesch: 62 summary: Several studies showed that increas- ing dietary energy or supplemental fat decreased feed intake and improved egg weight and feed conversion ratio, but had not significant effect on egg production of laying hens (Bryant et al. 2005, Sohail et al. 2003). In contrast add- ing L-carnitine to laying hens diet had not significant effect on serum cholesterol of laying hens (Leibet- seder, 1995, Yalcin et al. 2006) and broiler (Lien and Horng 2001). keywords: carnitine; effect; egg; fat; hens cache: afs-5929.pdf plain text: afs-5929.txt item: #513 of 2310 id: afs-5930 author: Valentinov, Vladislav title: Third sector organizations in rural development: a transaction cost perspective date: 2009 words: 9370 flesch: 48 summary: The motivation to apply the transaction cost theory to explain the existence of rural TSOs rests on the widely acknowledged usefulness of this theory in explaining the choice among governance mechanisms. Second, since this essay is particularly concerned with rural TSOs, it will be necessary to examine the relationship between rurality and the rationale for TSOs in the alternative framework to be proposed. keywords: c u; cost; n c; n d; sector; self; transaction; transaction cost; tsos cache: afs-5930.pdf plain text: afs-5930.txt item: #514 of 2310 id: afs-59307 author: Foereid, Bente title: Phosphorus availability in residues as fertilizers in organic agriculture date: 2017 words: 5568 flesch: 63 summary: Then x was P uptake per hour in DGT and y was plant P uptake. Regression coefficients prediction of biomass and P uptake for calculation of mineral fertiliser equivalent (MFE), and prediction of plant P uptake based on DGT uptake y0 a b r2 p Biomass High pH 14.23 41.56 2.29 0.969 <0.0001 Low pH 8.74 58.61 1.37 0.979 <0.0001 P-uptake High pH 0.0615 0.0093 0.984 <0.0001 Low pH 0.0584 0.0061 0.969 <0.0001 P-uptake vs. DGT All 13.36 42.04 1.07 0.523 0.0039 High pH 8.65 22.09 27.74 0.290 0.3581 Low pH 5.71 45.89 1.93 0.736 0.0183 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE B. Foereid (2017) 26: 25–33 29 When the DGT results were regressed against plant uptake (Fig. 4), the very high value obtained by DGT for CSM at low pH had a large effect on the results. keywords: availability; dgt; organic; phosphorus; plant; results; science; soil; uptake; waste cache: afs-59307.pdf plain text: afs-59307.txt item: #515 of 2310 id: afs-59308 author: Różyło, Krzysztof; Świeca, Michał; Gawlik-Dziki, Urszula; Stefaniuk, Magdalena; Oleszczuk, Patryk title: The potential of biochar for reducing the negative effects of soil contamination on the phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain date: 2017 words: 8351 flesch: 57 summary: Chemical properties of control soil (podzolic soil-PS), sewage sludge (SL) and biochar (BC) used in the experiment (mean, ± SD, n = 3) Parameters and elements PS SL BC dry matter (%) – 55 90 pH (in 1M KCl) Challenges coming from enhanced recycling and efforts to increase agricultural productivity result in attempts to use various mineral and organic wastes to fertilize plants and to improve soil properties. keywords: antioxidant; application; biochar; content; control; et al; food; grain; ha−1; metals; science; sl+5%bc; soil; total; wheat; yield cache: afs-59308.pdf plain text: afs-59308.txt item: #516 of 2310 id: afs-5931 author: Huuskonen, Arto; Tuomisto, Leena; Joki-Tokola, Erkki; Kauppinen, Risto title: Animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing Hereford bulls under insulated, uninsulated and outdoor housing conditions in Northern Finland date: 2009 words: 7294 flesch: 65 summary: There is only little knowledge of the effect of different housing environments on the performance of growing bulls under climatic conditions like in Northern Finland. Performance of growing bulls under different housing conditions 18 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 16–26. 19 which was attached to a horizontal bar 40–55 cm above the floor. keywords: animal; bulls; c e; c u; carcass; e n; finland; housing; n c; n d; u l cache: afs-5931.pdf plain text: afs-5931.txt item: #517 of 2310 id: afs-59314 author: Maljanen, Marja Elisa; Gondal, Zafar; Bhattarai, HemRaj title: Emissions of nitrous acid (HONO), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from horse dung date: 2016 words: 3652 flesch: 64 summary: Thus, the longer storage of horse dung increases gaseous N losses which should be taken into account when planning an environmental friendly way to handle horse dung. Since horse dung has different composition and structure than e.g. dairy cow dung, the gaseous emissions may differ significantly. keywords: dung; emissions; hono; horse; moisture; n2o; samples cache: afs-59314.pdf plain text: afs-59314.txt item: #518 of 2310 id: afs-5932 author: Pietruszka, Arkadiusz; Jacyno, Eugenia; Kołodziej, Anita; Kawęcka, Maria; Elzanowski, Czesław; Matysiak, Beata title: Effects of L-carnitine and iron diet supplementations on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites in fattening pigs date: 2009 words: 4497 flesch: 61 summary: Dove and Haydon (1991) and Saddoris et al. (2003) found that pig diet supplementation with iron did not have any effect on the fattening results. At present, pig diets are based first of all on plant components, thus the demand of pigs for L-carnitine might not be covered, and L-carnitine supplementation could be necessary. keywords: carnitine; pigs cache: afs-5932.pdf plain text: afs-5932.txt item: #519 of 2310 id: afs-5933 author: Saprõkina, Zinaida; Karus, Avo; Kuusik, Sirje; Tikk, Harald; Järv, Peeter; Soidla, Riina; Lember, Aleksander; Kaldmäe, Helgi; Karus, Virge; Roasto, Mati title: Effect of dietary linseed supplements on ù-3 PUFA content and on IGF-1 expression in broiler tissues date: 2009 words: 5980 flesch: 62 summary: The effect of linseed rich diet on the relationship between IGF-1 expression and ω-6/ ω-3 PUFA ratio We calculated the correlation coefficients between IGF-1 expression level and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio in broilers (Table 5). Dietary linseed supplement effect on broiler IGF-1 expression 36 A G R keywords: c u; et al; igf-1; linseed; mrna; n c; pufa; ω-3 cache: afs-5933.pdf plain text: afs-5933.txt item: #520 of 2310 id: afs-5934 author: Fältmarsch, Rasmus; Österholm, Peter; Greger, Maria; Åström, Mats title: Metal concentrations in oats (Avena sativa L.) grown on acid sulphate soils date: 2009 words: 7293 flesch: 70 summary: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18 (2009): 45-56 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 45–56. 45 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received April 2008 Metal concentrations in oats (Avena sativa L.) grown on acid sulphate soils Rasmus Fältmarsch1*, Peter Österholm1, Maria Greger2 and Mats Åström3 1 Key-words: acid sulphate soils, oats, metals, NH4Ac-EDTA, (bio)geochemistry Introduction A total of approximately 17–24 million ha acid sulphate (AS) soils are found around the world, with the most significant occurrences in Africa, eastern Australia, Asia and Latin America (Rit- semaa et al. 2000, Andriesse and van Mensvoort 2002). keywords: acid; c e; c u; concentrations; e n; n c; soils cache: afs-5934.pdf plain text: afs-5934.txt item: #521 of 2310 id: afs-5935 author: Tontti, Tiina; Nykänen, Arja; Kuisma, Miia title: Waste composts as nitrogen fertilizers for forage leys date: 2009 words: 13536 flesch: 63 summary: Apparently the added min- eral N fulfilled most of the crop N requirements, whereas compost N was not required. We found the highest BNF estimates, up to 155 kg, with the lowest amount of compost N applied. keywords: c e; c u; clover; compost; e n; grass; ley; n c; n d; soil; u l; uptake; year cache: afs-5935.pdf plain text: afs-5935.txt item: #522 of 2310 id: afs-5936 author: Alaru, Maarika; Laur, Ülle; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Reintam, Endla; Selge, Are; Noormets, Merrit title: Winter triticale yield formation and quality affected by N rate, timing and splitting date: 2009 words: 8983 flesch: 63 summary: = , NX N regime Plant height (cm) Number of ear-bearing tillers per plant N+0* 107 ± 2.8a** 2.6 ± 0.09a N+N 105 ± 3.0a 2.3 ± 0.10b 0+N 99 ± 3.2b 2.0 ± 0.11c *N+0 – all N applied at BBCH28–30 N+N – half of total N amount applied at BBCH28–30 and the other half at BBCH47 0+N – all N applied at BBCH47 Plant height and number of ear-bearing tillers per plant affected by N regime from descriptive statis- tics (± S.E.) keywords: application; c e; c u; e n; grain; n c; n d; triticale; u l; winter; yield cache: afs-5936.pdf plain text: afs-5936.txt item: #523 of 2310 id: afs-5937 author: Mäkelä, Pirjo; Kousa, Matti title: Seed production of two meadow fescue cultivars differing in growth habit date: 2009 words: 4831 flesch: 70 summary: The increase in panicle seed weight and phy- tomass before anthesis decreased the seed yield in Fure (Table 3). Moreover, the increase in panicle seed weight might have increased the sink demand, creating competition between the vegeta- tive and generative plant parts. keywords: c u; fescue; fure; kalevi; n c; seed cache: afs-5937.pdf plain text: afs-5937.txt item: #524 of 2310 id: afs-5938 author: Helenius, Juha title: Editorial date: 2009 words: 447 flesch: 54 summary: It published the Journal of the Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland until 1991, when the Society got together with co-publisher MTT Agrifood Research Finland to start the cur- rent Agricultural and Food Science. A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E 1 Editorial Professor Juha Helenius Editor The 18th volume of Agricultural and Food Science, starting with this issue, is published in the 100th an- niversary year of the Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland. keywords: food; science cache: afs-5938.pdf plain text: afs-5938.txt item: #525 of 2310 id: afs-5940 author: Harding, Keith; Johnston, Jason W.; Benson, Erica E title: Exploring the physiological basis of cryopreservation success and failure in clonally propagated in vitro crop plant germplasm date: 2009 words: 8156 flesch: 49 summary: In evaluating programmed cell death in plant cryopreservation it is important to differentiate between events that lead to necrosis and those that are confirmed as truly apoptotic by using biochemical markers (Bischof et al. 2002, Gage and Baust 2002, Reape et al. 2008). This effect was also observed in wild species of potato following shoot cryopreservation using encapsulation-dehy- dration (Fig. keywords: c e; c u; cryopreservation; e n; n c; n d; recovery; u l cache: afs-5940.pdf plain text: afs-5940.txt item: #526 of 2310 id: afs-59407 author: Hanczakowska, Ewa; Księżak, Jerzy; Świątkiewicz, Małgorzata title: Efficiency of lupine seed (Lupinus angustifolium and Lupinus luteus) in sow, piglet and fattener feeding date: 2017 words: 11536 flesch: 71 summary: Graf – – 70 60 – – – – – – Blue lupine cv. Graf – – 80 80 – – – – – – Blue lupine cv. keywords: acid; blue; experiment; fed; feed; group; lupine; lupine cv; pigs; soybean; yellow cache: afs-59407.pdf plain text: afs-59407.txt item: #527 of 2310 id: afs-5941 author: Nukari, Anna; Uosukainen, Marjatta; Rokka, Veli-Matti; Antonius, Kristiina; Wang, Qiaochun; Valkonen, Jari P.T. title: Cryopreservation techniques and their application in vegetatively propagated crop plants in Finland date: 2009 words: 8214 flesch: 53 summary: However, as Benson (2008b) pointed out, there are very limited numbers of economic efficiency models for plant cryopreservation. Plant cryopreservation: progress and prospects. keywords: buds; c u; cryopreservation; cryotherapy; et al; germplasm; n c; plant; potato; production; shoot; techniques; wang cache: afs-5941.pdf plain text: afs-5941.txt item: #528 of 2310 id: afs-59410 author: Mazeikiene, Ingrida; Bendokas, Vidmantas; Baniulis, Danas; Staniene, Grazina; Juskyte, Dovile Ana; Sasnauskas, Audrius; Stanys, Vidmantas; Siksnianas, Tadeusas title: Genetic background of resistance to gall mite in Ribes species date: 2017 words: 4222 flesch: 57 summary: Molecular markers of P and Ce genes were present in R. nigrum x R. aureum hybrids (77.5 and 85.0%, respectively). Blackcurrant hybrids with R. nigrum cytoplasm flowered earlier, and their progeny was open pollinated by R. nigrum hybrids or species. keywords: gall; gene; hybrids; mite; r. aureum; r. nigrum; resistance; x r. cache: afs-59410.pdf plain text: afs-59410.txt item: #529 of 2310 id: afs-5942 author: Martín, Carmen; González-Benito, M. Elena title: Cryopreservation and genetic stability of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev in vitro cultures date: 2009 words: 4392 flesch: 52 summary: Sakai et al. (2000) reported a new encapsulation-dehydration method, tested not only with chrysanthemum shoot apices but also in wasabi and mint, that resulted in similar or better recovery than the other two methods tested (encapsulation-dehydration and vitrification), but made the protocol shorter and less handling was re- quired. A simple method based on sucrose pretreat- ment (3 days on 0.55 M sucrose, incubation for 1 h in 7.5% DMSO and direct immersion in liquid nitrogen) resulted in 60−75% shoot recovery in C. cinerariaefolium (Hitmi et al. 1999a, 2000a). keywords: apices; c u; chrysanthemum; cryopreservation; n c; shoot cache: afs-5942.pdf plain text: afs-5942.txt item: #530 of 2310 id: afs-5943 author: Condello, Emiliano; Palombi, Maria Antonietta; Tonelli, Maria Grazia; Damiano, Carmine; Caboni, Emilia title: Genetic stability of wild pear (Pyrus pyraster, Burgsd) after cryopreservation by encapsulation dehydration date: 2009 words: 4623 flesch: 59 summary: Both RAPDs and SSRs did not reveal any polymorphism between cryopreserved lines and the original genotype, suggesting that cryopreservation, using encapsulation-dehydration, does not affect genetic stability of wild pear. Among the DNA analysis techniques used, random- ly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis have also been ap- plied to evaluate genetic stability of the material surviving cryopreservation and in most of the cases have not provided evidence for genetic variation. keywords: c e; c u; n c; plant cache: afs-5943.pdf plain text: afs-5943.txt item: #531 of 2310 id: afs-5944 author: Peredo, Elena L.; Arroyo-García, Rosa; Reed, Barbara M.; Revilla, M. Ángeles title: Genetic stability of in vitro conserved germplasm of Humulus lupulus L. date: 2009 words: 4110 flesch: 63 summary: Several factors associated with in vitro culture procedures, such as the medium composi- tion (Viterbo et al. 1994), may result in somatic variation in cold stored plants. Few studies on the genetic stability of hop plants are available. keywords: c e; c u; n c cache: afs-5944.pdf plain text: afs-5944.txt item: #532 of 2310 id: afs-5945 author: Fang, Jong-Yi; Wetten, Andy; Adu-Gyamfi, Raphael; Wilkinson, Mike; Rodriguez-Lopez, Carlos title: Use of secondary somatic embryos promotes genetic fidelity in cryopreservation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) date: 2009 words: 4116 flesch: 55 summary: Of the primary somatic embryos, 38.1% exhibited poly- morphic microsatellite profiles while for secondary somatic embryos the frequency was 23.3%. Ca = callus, Ep = epidermis and SSE = secondary somatic embryo. keywords: c u; e n; n c; ses; u l cache: afs-5945.pdf plain text: afs-5945.txt item: #533 of 2310 id: afs-5946 author: Tsvetkov, Ivaylo; Benelli, Carla; Capuana, Maurizio; De Carlo, Anna; Lambardi, Maurizio title: Application of vitrification-derived cryotechniques for long-term storage of poplar and aspen (Populus spp.) germplasm date: 2009 words: 3451 flesch: 58 summary: In contrast, the ‘droplet-vitrification’ technique appeared to be very efficient in the cryopreservation of white poplar shoot tips, which increases the opportunities for wider application of this method in other woody species. Survival of white poplar shoot tips 3 weeks after cryopreservation by ‘PVS2 vitrification’. keywords: vitrification cache: afs-5946.pdf plain text: afs-5946.txt item: #534 of 2310 id: afs-5947 author: Hakala, Kaija; Keskitalo, Marjo; Eriksson, Christian; Pitkänen, Timo title: Nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation for eleven different field crops date: 2009 words: 13897 flesch: 68 summary: A review of soil ero- sion potential associated with biomass crops. If biomass yield plants are harvested during the grow- ing season (timothy) or in the autumn (RCG and nettle), and if linseed and hemp biomasses are also harvested directly after seed harvest, they would also be very efficient N and P removers, but with the exception of linseed, not superior to barley. keywords: barley; biomass; buckwheat; c e; c g; c u; crops; e n; e r; et al; field; g r; hemp; l t; n c; n d; nutrient; quinoa; r c; rcg; root; soil; u l cache: afs-5947.pdf plain text: afs-5947.txt item: #535 of 2310 id: afs-5948 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hakala, Kaija; Ojanen, Hannu title: Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland date: 2009 words: 13077 flesch: 60 summary: Further- more, anticipated increases in autumn precipitation (Jylhä et al. 2004, IPCC 2007b) and changes in overwintering conditions (Jylhä et al. 2008) may hamper sowing winter crops at present sowing win- dow and affect winter survival until cold winters are replaced by mild winters currently typical of north-western and southern Europe. Even though we have concentrated on the issue of how critical overwintering conditions are regard- ing future expansion of crops to novel regions in Finland, it is important to stress that estimated in- creases in autumn precipitation could interfere with sowing of winter crops, which has to be taken into consideration in adaptation strategies. keywords: c e; c u; change; climate; crop; e n; et al; finland; finnish; g r; growing; l t; n c; n d; peltonen; potential; production; rape; sainio; sainio et; season; spring; u l; winter; yield cache: afs-5948.pdf plain text: afs-5948.txt item: #536 of 2310 id: afs-5949 author: Bärlund, Ilona; Tattari, Sirkka; Puustinen, Markku; Koskiaho, Jari; Yli-Halla, Markku; Posch, Maximilian title: Soil parameter variability affecting simulated fieldscale water balance, erosion and phosphorus losses date: 2009 words: 8576 flesch: 64 summary: The relationship between Pil and PAc for PAc≤ 2.3 mg P dm-3 – a range that seldom occurs in field soils in practice – is expressed in equation (2), which is a straight line between 0 and the starting point of the Pil value obtained from equation (1). Soil parameter variability 404 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C keywords: c e; c u; clay; e n; g r; l t; model; n c; n d; soil; u l; variability cache: afs-5949.pdf plain text: afs-5949.txt item: #537 of 2310 id: afs-5950 author: Hakala, Kaija; Kontturi, Markku; Pahkala, Katri title: Field biomass as global energy source date: 2009 words: 14974 flesch: 74 summary: When crop residue production was estimated for the future (2050), the average technical residue potential values for 1997–2006 were corrected at group level for climate change effects (Annex 1). I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 347–365. 355 Food usage and availability of field area for bioenergy crop production keywords: 2050; area; bioenergy; biomass; c e; c u; change; climate; crop; e n; energy; et al; field; food; l t; n c; n d; potential; production; residue; soil; u l cache: afs-5950.pdf plain text: afs-5950.txt item: #538 of 2310 id: afs-5951 author: Hyytiäinen, Kari; Ahtiainen, Heini; Heikkilä, Jaakko; Helin, Janne; Huhtala, Anni; Iho, Antti; Koikkalainen, Kauko; Miettinen, Antti; Pouta, Eija; Vesterinen, Janne title: An integrated simulation model to evaluate national measures for the abatement of agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea date: 2009 words: 13038 flesch: 57 summary: The model consists of four main components: 1) nutri- ent stock dynamics in the selected sea basins, 2) nutrient loads from land and other sources, 3) the costs of agricultural nutrient abatement and 4) the benefits of nutrient abatement to Finnish citizens. The stochastic simulation model integrates nutrient dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea basins adjoining the Finnish coast, nutrient loads from land and other sources, benefits from nutrient abatement (in the form of recreation and other ecosystem services) and the costs of agricultural abatement activities. keywords: abatement; analysis; baltic; baltic sea; c e; c u; cost; e n; finland; finnish; g r; l t; loads; model; n c; n d; nutrient; nutrient abatement; sea; u l; water cache: afs-5951.pdf plain text: afs-5951.txt item: #539 of 2310 id: afs-5952 author: Jaakkola, Seija; Saarisalo, Eeva; Heikkilä, Terttu title: Formic acid treated whole crop barley and wheat silages in dairy cow diets: effects of crop maturity, proportion in the diet, and level and type of concentrate supplementation date: 2009 words: 19803 flesch: 73 summary: This can be explained by the good intake characteristics of whole crop silage and by the synergistic effect of combining grass and whole crop silages. Even when the diet digestibility clearly decreased (Exp. 1) with the increasing proportion of whole crop barley silage, no corresponding negative effects on silage intake were observed. keywords: barley; c c; c e; c u; crop; d m; e n; exp; g d; g r; kg-1; milk; n c; n d; silage; u l cache: afs-5952.pdf plain text: afs-5952.txt item: #540 of 2310 id: afs-5953 author: Kuosmanen, Timo; Kuosmanen, Natalia title: Role of benchmark technology in sustainable value analysis An application to Finnish dairy farms date: 2009 words: 10910 flesch: 55 summary: Build- ing an explicit link between SV method and the frontier approach to environmental performance assessment,2 Kuosmanen and Kuosmanen pro- pose to use a more general benchmark technology, which can be estimated from empirical data using established econometric methods such as stochas- tic frontier analysis (SFA) or data envelopment analysis (DEA) (see e.g. Fried et al. 2007 for an up-to-date review of these methods). Nonparametric methods do not assume a particular functional form, but es- timate the benchmark technology based on some minimal set of axioms. keywords: c e; c u; data; dea; e n; ha−1; kuosmanen; methods; n c; n d; nonparametric; u l cache: afs-5953.pdf plain text: afs-5953.txt item: #541 of 2310 id: afs-5954 author: Kuosmanen, Timo; Niemi, Jyrki title: What explains the widening gap between the retail and producer prices of food? date: 2009 words: 9507 flesch: 60 summary: Strategic groups, competition and retail food prices. On the one hand, Hall et al. (1979), Marion et al. (1983), and various studies by Cotterill (Cotterill 1986, Cotterill and Harper 1995, Cotterill 1999) find that there is a positive correlation between retail concentration and food prices. keywords: c e; c u; e n; farm; food; g r; industry; l t; margins; market; meat; milk; n c; n d; price; price margins; productivity; retail; trade; u l cache: afs-5954.pdf plain text: afs-5954.txt item: #542 of 2310 id: afs-5955 author: Kymäläinen, Hanna-Riitta; Kuisma, Risto; Määttä, Jenni; Sjöberg, Anna-Maija title: Assessment of cleanness of environmental surfaces in cattle barns and piggeries date: 2009 words: 12760 flesch: 70 summary: The main aim of this survey is to review detection methods of cleanability, because farm hygienic measures are important criteria for the safety and quality of both meat (Berends et al. 1996, Maw et al. 2001, Wong Lo Fo et al. 2002, Andersen et al. 2005) and milk (de Koning et al. 2003, Hanus et al. 2004, Skrzypek 2006, Trevisi et al. 2006). For example in the study by Määttä et al. (2009), mechanical wear decreased the cleanability of all surface materials, namely concrete and its treatments and coatings, as well as that of joints. keywords: animal; c e; c u; cleanness; d et; e n; et al; et e; f c; hygiene; l c; l t; m al; materials; methods; n c; n d; studies; surfaces; u l cache: afs-5955.pdf plain text: afs-5955.txt item: #543 of 2310 id: afs-5956 author: Lehtonen, Mari J.; Wilson, Paula. S.; Ahvenniemi, Paavo; Valkonen, Jari P.T. title: Formation of canker lesions on stems and black scurf on tubers in experimentally inoculated potato plants by isolates of AG2-1, AG3 and AG5 of Rhizoctonia solani: a pilot study and literature review date: 2009 words: 8250 flesch: 68 summary: The aim of this study was to test under con- trolled conditions whether the isolates of R. solani obtained from potato plants in Finland and belong- ing to AG2-1, AG3 and AG5 might differ in their ability to produce black scurf on potato tubers. Anastomosis groups, pathogenicity and sensitivity to fun- gicides of Rhizoctonia solani isolates collected on pota- to crops in France. keywords: ag2; ag3; ag5; c u; e n; et al; isolates; n c; plant; potato; rhizoctonia; rhizoctonia solani; scurf; solani; tubers cache: afs-5956.pdf plain text: afs-5956.txt item: #544 of 2310 id: afs-59561 author: Staroń, Paweł; Kowalski, Zygmunt; Staroń, Anita; Banach, Marcin title: Thermal conversion of granules from feathers, meat and bone meal and poultry litter to ash with fertilizing properties date: 2017 words: 4469 flesch: 59 summary: Skodras et al. (2007) prepared mixtures of meat bone meal and Greek brown coal. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE P. Staroń et al. (2017) 26: 173–180 173 Manuscript received November 2016 Thermal conversion of granules from feathers, meat and bone meal and poultry litter to ash with fertilizing properties Paweł Staroń, Zygmunt Kowalski, Anita Staroń, Marcin Banach Cracow University of Technology, Department of Engineering and Chemical Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland e-mail: pstaron@chemia.pk.edu.pl Recently, the increased consumption of poultry meat in the EU has been observed. keywords: ash; bone; combustion; content; feathers; litter; meal; meat; phosphorus; poultry cache: afs-59561.pdf plain text: afs-59561.txt item: #545 of 2310 id: afs-5957 author: Linjama, Jarmo; Puustinen, Markku; Koskiaho, Jari; Tattari, Sirkka; Kotilainen, Helmi; Granlund, Kirsti title: Implementation of automatic sensors for continuous monitoring of runoff quantity and quality in small catchments date: 2009 words: 6797 flesch: 62 summary: Determining suspended solids and nutrient con- centrations in runoff waters has been based on wa- ter samples taken with various sampling strategies. This publication presents the results from the first year of research, and compares them with the results based on water samples. keywords: c e; c u; e n; n c; n d; nitrate; turbidity; water cache: afs-5957.pdf plain text: afs-5957.txt item: #546 of 2310 id: afs-5958 author: Mikkola, Hannu J.; Ahokas, Jukka title: Energy ratios in Finnish agricultural production date: 2009 words: 9107 flesch: 65 summary: Energy ratio can be expressed as ER = Eo / Ei, where ER is energy ratio, Eo is energy output and Ei is energy input. The objective of this study was to assess energy ratios and net energy in plant production and energy ratios in animal production in Finland. keywords: c e; c u; e n; energy; energy ratio; finnish; grass; l t; milk; n c; n d; nitrogen; production; ratio; reed; u l cache: afs-5958.pdf plain text: afs-5958.txt item: #547 of 2310 id: afs-5959 author: Myyrä, Sami; Pihamaa, Pekka; Sipiläinen, Timo title: Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms from 1976 2006: a parametric approach date: 2009 words: 11459 flesch: 67 summary: Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 18(2009): 283-301 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 283–301. 283 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received February 2009 Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms from 1976–2006: a parametric approach Sami Myyrä1, Pekka Pihamaa2 and Timo Sipiläinen1 1MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, 2Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland, 1email: firstname.lastname@mtt.fi Productivity growth on Finnish grain farms 284 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 18 (2009): 283–301. 285 Profitability at the farm level is determined by prices, subsidies and the productivity at which inputs are transformed to outputs. keywords: c e; c u; change; e n; farms; finnish; g r; grain; growth; l t; model; n c; n d; production; productivity; scale; u l cache: afs-5959.pdf plain text: afs-5959.txt item: #548 of 2310 id: afs-5960 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hakala, Kaija title: Are there indications of climate change induced increases in variability of major field crops in the northernmost European conditions? date: 2009 words: 11210 flesch: 65 summary: Decade Yield (t ha-1) Starch content (%) 1970s 32.7 (4.6–9.0) 15.1 (0.8–1.9) 1980s 34.1 (5.1–10.2) 14.9 (1.1–2.0) 1990s 37.2 (5.6–10.5) 15.9 (0.7–1.7) 2000s 42.9 (5.7–9.5) 16.2 (1.3–1.8) Yield variability was exceptionally high in the 1980s and 1990s, but previously and subse- quently national yields were clearly more stable. keywords: c e; c u; crops; e n; finland; l t; n c; n d; spring; u l; variability; yield cache: afs-5960.pdf plain text: afs-5960.txt item: #549 of 2310 id: afs-5962 author: Vanhatalo, Aila title: Preface date: 2009 words: 1170 flesch: 48 summary: However, it has also led to the prevailing situation that agricultural production is heavily dependent on the use of fossil fuels. The Society was established in circumstances, where Finland was not an independent country, and it was not self-sufficient in food production. keywords: finland; food; production; society cache: afs-5962.pdf plain text: afs-5962.txt item: #550 of 2310 id: afs-5963 author: Stoddard, Frederick L.; Hovinen, Simo; Kontturi, Markku; Lindström, Kristina; Nykänen, Arja title: Legumes in Finnish agriculture: history, present status and future prospects date: 2009 words: 10718 flesch: 70 summary: Lauri Kristian Relander, who later became the country’s second president, demonstrated that pea yields were greater, with earlier ripening and higher har- vest index, from sowing in early May than from sowing two weeks later, and that slightly higher sowing rates (220 kg ha-1 instead of 180 kg ha-1) were preferable (Relander 1916). Jacob Tengström, Bishop of Turku, wrote in 1803 that growing peas in northern parts of country was seldom successful due to the short summer and early night frosts that damage the crop prematurely (Grotenfelt 1922). keywords: bean; breeding; c e; c u; clover; crop; cultivation; e n; faba; finland; finnish; legumes; n c; n d; pea; peas; red; u l; yield cache: afs-5963.pdf plain text: afs-5963.txt item: #551 of 2310 id: afs-5964 author: Valkonen, Eija; Rinne, Reine; Valaja, Jarmo title: Effects of perch on feed consumption and behaviour of caged laying hens date: 2009 words: 6572 flesch: 69 summary: There are, however, also conflicting results reported in the literature e.g. Tauson (1984), who reported inferior plumage cover in cages with perches, and Braastad (1990), who reported better plumage in perch cages than in cages without perches. In P16 and P19 cages, three wooden perches ran through the cages perpendicularly to the feed trough. keywords: c e; c u; cages; e n; hens; n c; n d; p16; perches; u l cache: afs-5964.pdf plain text: afs-5964.txt item: #552 of 2310 id: afs-5965 author: Yli-Halla, Markku; Mokma, Delbert L.; Alakukku, Laura; Drees, Richard; Wilding, Larry P. title: Evidence for the formation of Luvisols/Alfisols as a response to coupled pedogenic and anthropogenic influences in a clay soil in Finland date: 2009 words: 9038 flesch: 63 summary: According to Aura (1995), this method is suitable for monitoring the groundwater level of Finnish clay soils since a slight lowering of the water pressure head from zero clearly reduces the water content of clay soil above the groundwater surface and groundwater level can be determined accurately. Direct evidence of illuvial clay has not been documented in the descriptions of clay soils formed after the Weichselian glaciation in Finland or Swe- den. keywords: c e; c u; clay; e n; finland; g r; horizon; l t; n c; n d; soil; u l cache: afs-5965.pdf plain text: afs-5965.txt item: #553 of 2310 id: afs-5966 author: Tattari, Sirkka; Koskiaho, Jari; Bärlund, Ilona; Jaakkola, Elina title: Testing a river basin model with sensitivity analysis and autocalibration for an agricultural catchment in SW Finland date: 2009 words: 7025 flesch: 60 summary: Sensitivity classes in SWAT model (van Griensven and Meixner 2003). As- sessing SWAT model performance in the evaluation of management actions for the implementation of the Wa- ter Framework Directive in a Finnish catchment. keywords: c e; c u; catchment; e n; g r; l t; model; n c; n d; sensitivity; soil; swat; u l; water cache: afs-5966.pdf plain text: afs-5966.txt item: #554 of 2310 id: afs-59665 author: Galló, Judit; Fernye, Csaba; Orosz, Szilvia; Katona, Krisztián; Szemethy, László title: Tomato pomace silage as a potential new supplementary food for game species date: 2017 words: 7684 flesch: 60 summary: Con- sumption of tomato pomace silage by wild ungulates was also measured. Denek and Can (2006) used wheat straw and wheat grain as additives, and they found that tomato pomace silages fermented and preserved well with these additions, and this type of silage can be a source of good quality roughage for sheep. keywords: acid; content; deer; feeding; food; grains; ground; kg-1; maize; pomace; protein; silage; species; tomato; tomato pomace cache: afs-59665.pdf plain text: afs-59665.txt item: #555 of 2310 id: afs-5967 author: Usva, Kirsi; Saarinen, Merja; Katajajuuri, Juha-Matti; Kurppa, Sirpa title: Supply chain integrated LCA approach to assess environmental impacts of food production in Finland date: 2009 words: 11522 flesch: 61 summary: However, scientists are very aware of the sensitivity of LCA case studies regarding decision-making at different stages during a study and of limitations regarding generalization of LCA case study results, even to other products of the same product group. LCA case studies were carried out using a sup- ply chain integrated LCA approach (Poikkimäki and Virtanen 2003), the theoretical background of which resides in industrial ecology, and operation- ally is linked to organization and business manage- ment. keywords: c c; c e; c o; c u; case; chain; cultivation; data; e n; eqv; food; l t; lca; n c; n d; production; studies; u l cache: afs-5967.pdf plain text: afs-5967.txt item: #556 of 2310 id: afs-5968 author: Regina, Kristiina; Lehtonen, Heikki; Nousiainen, Jouni; Esala, Martti title: Modelled impacts of mitigation measures on greenhouse gas emissions from Finnish agriculture up to 2020 date: 2009 words: 11179 flesch: 52 summary: One benefit of biogas as a mitigation practice is that the reductions are seen in the emissions reported as agricultural emissions whereas the production of field biomasses may even increase the agricultural emissions due to the increased need of cropland area and fertiliser use. No other changes in soil emissions were expected on the basis of the selected modelling assumptions since the amount of manure was not assumed to change and the amount of crop residues changed very little. keywords: agriculture; area; c e; c u; e n; emissions; finland; g r; greenhouse; l t; mitigation; model; n c; n d; production; scenario; soils; u l cache: afs-5968.pdf plain text: afs-5968.txt item: #557 of 2310 id: afs-5970 author: Hagner, Marleena; Pasanen, Tiina; Lindqvist, Bengt; Lindqvist, Isa; Tiilikkala, Kari; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Setälä, Heikki title: Effects of birch tar oils on soil organisms and plants date: 2010 words: 7395 flesch: 64 summary: At highest test concentrations (8425−23400 mg BTO1 kg-1 dry soil), all springtails died. Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 19 (2010): 13-23 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 13–23. 13 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received: February 2008 Effects of birch tar oils on soil organisms and plants Marleena Hagner1, Tiina Pasanen1, Bengt Lindqvist2, Isa Lindqvist2, Kari Tiilikkala2, Olli-Pekka Penttinen1 and Heikki Setälä1* 1Department of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 keywords: bto1; c e; c u; e n; effects; n c; n d; plants; soil cache: afs-5970.pdf plain text: afs-5970.txt item: #558 of 2310 id: afs-5971 author: Hagner, Marleena; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Pasanen, Tiina; Tiilikkala, Kari; Setälä, Heikki title: Acute toxicity of birch tar oil on aquatic organisms date: 2010 words: 6173 flesch: 63 summary: 27 The pH level of test waters was routinely monitored during treatments. Key-words: acute toxicity test, aquatic organisms, birch tar oil, biocide, EC50 Introduction Birch tar oil (BTO; CAS #8001-88-5, American Chemical Society 2007) is a crude by-product of the slow destructive distillation or pyrolysation, of wood and bark for processing into coal. keywords: bto1; c e; c u; e n; l-1; n c; test; toxicity; u l cache: afs-5971.pdf plain text: afs-5971.txt item: #559 of 2310 id: afs-5972 author: Lindqvist, Isa; Lindquist, Bengt; Tiilikkala, Kari; Hagner, Marleena; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Pasanen, Tiina; Setälä, Heikki title: Birch tar oil is an effective mollusc repellent: field and laboratory experiments using Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and Arion lusitanicus (Gastropoda: Arionidae) date: 2010 words: 7708 flesch: 66 summary: The results of the laboratory study (Experiment 1) proved BTOs to be ineffective in eliminating snails; neither BTO1 nor BTO2 had a statistically signifi- cant effect on the survival of adult snails (ANOVA, F=1.68, p=0.226) (Fig. 4). Adult snails were allowed to reproduce in 1.7 l glass jars (Ø 10 cm, height 19 cm) containing a soil monolith (4 cm thick), and covered with gauze. keywords: c e; c u; e n; experiment; n c; n d; repellent; snails; u l cache: afs-5972.pdf plain text: afs-5972.txt item: #560 of 2310 id: afs-5973 author: Ochmian, Ireneusz; Grajkowski, Józef; Skupień, Katarzyna title: Effect of substrate type on the field performance and chemical composition of highbush blueberry cv.Patriot date: 2010 words: 8072 flesch: 65 summary: Fruit N content was approximately half of leaf N content, and the values obtained were lower compared to 1.7-2.8% determined by Skupień (2004) in four blueberry cultivars. The aim of a 3-year study was to compare the effect of substrate type (peat, sawdust and cocoa husk) on the yield, fruit quality, general and phenolic composition, and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar Patriot. keywords: berries; blueberry; c e; c u; content; fruit; n c; n d; sawdust; u l cache: afs-5973.pdf plain text: afs-5973.txt item: #561 of 2310 id: afs-5974 author: Tamm, Kalvi; Võsa, Taavi; Loko, Valdek; Kadaja, Jüri; Vettik, Raivo; Olt, Jüri title: The impact of distance to the farm compound on the options for use of the cereal plot date: 2010 words: 8705 flesch: 64 summary: Harasimowicz (1997) describes an evaluation sys- tem, where plot distance to the compound is one factor affecting land value in points characterising the profitability potential of land: a plot situated far away is assessed to be less valuable than a closer one. The simulations are used to estimate the influence of the price of fuel and yield, as well as the yield level on the economical maximum of plot distance. keywords: area; c e; c u; costs; distance; e n; farm; n c; n d; plot; plot distance; u l cache: afs-5974.pdf plain text: afs-5974.txt item: #562 of 2310 id: afs-5975 author: Pradhan, Surendra K.; Pitkänen, Susanna; Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi title: Fertilizer value of urine in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) cultivation date: 2010 words: 7332 flesch: 62 summary: In conclusion, our study shows that the production rate of urine fertilized pumpkins was somewhat lower than mineral fertilized pumpkins but it was higher than non-fertilized pumpkins. The total fruit biomass of mineral fertilized pumpkins was considerably higher than for non- fertilized and urine fertilized pumpkins (Table 4). keywords: c e; c u; e n; fertilizer; mineral; n c; n d; pumpkins; u l; urine cache: afs-5975.pdf plain text: afs-5975.txt item: #563 of 2310 id: afs-5976 author: Sooväli, Pille; Koppel, Mati title: Efficacy of fungicide tebuconazole in barley varieties with different resistance level date: 2010 words: 5017 flesch: 64 summary: The time and level of disease infection in the field depends on the susceptibility of the used variety, therefore the resistance of varieties has a great importance in the control of plant diseases. Time of fungicide application and assessment of disease infection (dates, growth stages BBCH) for trials of 2003–2005. keywords: c e; c u; n c cache: afs-5976.pdf plain text: afs-5976.txt item: #564 of 2310 id: afs-5977 author: Väre, Minna; Pietola, Kyösti; Weiss, Christoph R. title: The irrelevance of stated plans in predicting farm successions in Finland date: 2010 words: 7600 flesch: 66 summary: The irrelevance of stated plans in predicting farm successions in Finland Minna Väre1*, Kyösti Pietola1 and Christoph R. Weiss2 1MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research, Luutnantintie 13, FI-00410 Helsinki, Finland, *firstname.lastname@mtt.fi 2Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration This study estimates the value of farmers’ stated succession plans in predicting revealed succession deci- sions. Key-words: farm succession, retirement, stated plan, recursive probit Introduction One of the main constituent elements of family farm is that the farm will be transferred to the next generation within the family (Gasson and Errington 1993, Pfeffer 1989). keywords: c e; c u; e n; farm; farmers; l t; n c; n d; plans; succession; u l cache: afs-5977.pdf plain text: afs-5977.txt item: #565 of 2310 id: afs-5978 author: Bakal, Sushant B.; Gedam, Kishor H.; Sharma, Gyanendra Prakash title: Drying characteristics and kinetics of fluidized bed dried potato date: 2010 words: 5371 flesch: 65 summary: Effective diffusivity and regression coefficient values Shape Drying temperature (○C) Regression equation Moisture diffusivity (m2s-1) Coefficient of Determination R2 Cuboidal A:L1 = 1:1 50 y = -0.0036x + 0.014 2.277 × 10-9 0.98 60 y = -0.0043x + 0.013 2.721 A similar trend for increase in drying time was also observed for cylindrical shaped potato. keywords: drying; model; moisture; potato cache: afs-5978.pdf plain text: afs-5978.txt item: #566 of 2310 id: afs-5979 author: Bergjord, Anne Kari; Bonesmo, Helge; Skjelvåg, Arne Oddvar title: Model prediction of frost tolerance as related to winter survival of wheat in Finnish field trials date: 2010 words: 6096 flesch: 67 summary: Wheat winter survival varied considerably between years and locations (Table 1). 185 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received December 2008 Model prediction of frost tolerance as related to winter survival of wheat in Finnish field trials Anne Kari Bergjord*1,2, Helge Bonesmo1,a and Arne Oddvar Skjelvåg2 1Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Grassland and Landscape Division Kvithamar, N-7500 Stjørdal, Norway, *email: anne.kari.bergjord@bioforsk.no 2Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway aPresent address: Norwegian Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Statens hus, Prinsensgate 1, N-7468 Trondheim, Norway The model FROSTOL simulates course of frost tolerance in winter wheat on a daily basis from sowing on as affected by soil temperature (2 cm), snow cover, phenological development, and a genotypic maximum level of frost tolerance (LT50). keywords: lt50c; winter cache: afs-5979.pdf plain text: afs-5979.txt item: #567 of 2310 id: afs-5980 author: Bonesmo, Helge; Nordang, Leidulf; Davies, Lloyd title: Tactical decisions of concentrate level, slaughter age and carcass weight of bulls of five beef breeds under Norwegian conditions date: 2010 words: 9698 flesch: 64 summary: In this work the model was combined with production statistics to find general recommendations in the finishing of beef bulls under Norwegian conditions. The INRA feeding tables of beef bulls (Gar- cia et al. 2007), based on a net energy system of feed units beef (FUb) used during many years in beef production in France. keywords: beef; breeds; bulls; c e; c u; carcass; concentrate; daily; g r; n c; n d; silage; u l; weight cache: afs-5980.pdf plain text: afs-5980.txt item: #568 of 2310 id: afs-5981 author: Huuskonen, Arto; Joki-Tokola, Erkki title: Performance of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on silages made of whole-crop barley, whole-crop wheat, hairy vetch and grass date: 2010 words: 7629 flesch: 66 summary: Effects of maturity stage and feeding strategy of whole crop barley silage on intake, digestibility and milk production in dairy cows. Effect of maturity on the nutritive value of whole crop wheat silage. keywords: bulls; c e; c u; carcass; crop; diet; grass; intake; n c; silage cache: afs-5981.pdf plain text: afs-5981.txt item: #569 of 2310 id: afs-5982 author: Kaukoranta, Timo; Tahvonen, Risto; Ylämäki, Arto title: Climatic potential and risks for apple growing by 2040 date: 2010 words: 10186 flesch: 65 summary: In the past since 1960, mean daily temperatures in both spring (March-May) and winter (December-February) have risen by about 1 °C; winter temperatures have risen to even a slightly higher extent, but their inter-annual variation has been much wider than that for spring temperatures (Tuomenvirta 2004). 144 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19 (2010): 144–159. 145 Introduction In Finland, global climate change is expected to cause rise of seasonal mean temperatures in 2010– 2039, relative to the mean values in 1961–1990, in winter by 1.2–5 °C, in spring by 1.1– 4.2 °C, in summer (June-August) by 0.6–1.6 °C, and in fall (September–November) by 0.9–2.3 °C (Jylhä et al. 2004). keywords: apple; c e; c u; e n; n c; n d; u l; ° c; ° n cache: afs-5982.pdf plain text: afs-5982.txt item: #570 of 2310 id: afs-5983 author: Räty, Mari; Horn, Rainer; Rasa, Kimmo; Yli-Halla, Markku; Pietola, Liisa title: Compressive behaviour of the soil in buffer zones under different management practices in Finland date: 2010 words: 8676 flesch: 63 summary: The risk of surface soil deterioration resulting especially from grazing of clay soil was estimated, a practice that is allowed in BZ areas in Finland. The use of air-filled porosity and intrinsic permeability to air to characterize structure of macropore space and satu- rated hydraulic conductivity of clay soils. keywords: c e; c u; clay; e n; loam; n c; n d; sandy; soil; u l cache: afs-5983.pdf plain text: afs-5983.txt item: #571 of 2310 id: afs-5984 author: Słupski, Jacek; Lisiewska, Zofia; Kmiecik, Waldemar; Gębczyński, Piotr; Sobczyńska, Lidia title: The effect of processing on the amino acid content in green cauliflower date: 2010 words: 5304 flesch: 66 summary: The effect of processing on the amino acid content in green cauliflower Jacek Słupski, Zofia Lisiewska*, Waldemar Kmiecik, Piotr Gębczyński and Lidia Sobczyńska Department of Raw Materials and Processing of Fruit and Vegetables, Agricultural University of Krakow, 122 Balicka, 30–149 Krakow, Poland, *email: rrlisiew@cyf-kr.edu.pl The aim of the work was to evaluate the level of amino acids and quality of protein in fresh green cauliflower and in three kinds of products as eaten: fresh cauliflower after cooking; and two types of frozen product: frozen cauliflower obtained using the traditional method (blanching-freezing-frozen storage-cooking); and by the modified method (cooking-frozen storage-defrosting-heating in a microwave oven). Key-words: green cauliflower, amino acids, blanching, cooking, freezing, culinary treatment Introduction In the countries of the European Union, cauliflower occupies an important position in the production of fresh and frozen vegetables (FAOSTAT 2008). keywords: acids; amino; cauliflower; content; food; frozen cache: afs-5984.pdf plain text: afs-5984.txt item: #572 of 2310 id: afs-5985 author: Mustonen, Leo; Wallius, Esa; Hurme, Timo title: Nitrogen fertilization and yield formation of potato during a short growing period date: 2010 words: 6618 flesch: 60 summary: Dry matter and nitrogen content of haulms started to decline during the later part of season and most nitrogen was relocated to tubers. A possible source of error is that roots stimulated by fertilizer applica- tion may also take up some more nitrogen The data for total dry matter, foliage dry mat- ter, total content of nitrogen, nitrogen content of foliage and tuber dry matter content were analysed separately for 2000 and 2001. keywords: c u; ha-1; matter; n c; nitrogen cache: afs-5985.pdf plain text: afs-5985.txt item: #573 of 2310 id: afs-5986 author: Žgajnar, Jaka; Erjavec, Emil; Kavčič, Stane title: Multi-step beef ration optimisation: application of linear and weighted goal programming with a penalty function date: 2010 words: 14918 flesch: 62 summary: Obtained results show that one could formulate more balanced rations with minor increases in ration cost. However, Rehman and Romero (1987) have shown under different conditions that with this approach, it is possible to achieve even additional reductions in ration cost comparing to the least-cost ration. keywords: cost; function; goal; module; n c; penalty; ration; second cache: afs-5986.pdf plain text: afs-5986.txt item: #574 of 2310 id: afs-5987 author: Hossein-Zadeh, Navid Ghavi; Ardalan, Mehrnaz title: Comparison of different models for the estimation of genetic parameters of body weight traits in Moghani sheep date: 2010 words: 4641 flesch: 58 summary: Fitting either maternal permanent environmental effect (model 2) or maternal genetic effect (model 3) as second random effect resulted in significantly (p < 0.001) higher log-likelihood and more accuracy for all traits in comparison to the model which ignored these effects (models 1). Inclusion of maternal permanent environmental effect after maternal genetic effect (model 5) improved the log-likelihood significantly for all traits. keywords: estimates; sheep; weight cache: afs-5987.pdf plain text: afs-5987.txt item: #575 of 2310 id: afs-5988 author: Huuskonen, Arto; Joki-Tokola, Erkki; Honkavaara, Markku; Tuomisto, Leena; Kauppinen, Risto title: Meat quality and fatty acid profile of M. longissimus dorsi of growing bulls under insulated, uninsulated and outdoor housing conditions date: 2010 words: 6480 flesch: 68 summary: Instead, the myoglobin content of the LD was 21% higher in PAD bulls than in IB bulls (p < 0.05). The PUFA:SFA ratio was higher in PAD bulls than in IB bulls (p < 0.05) keywords: bulls; housing; meat; pad; quality cache: afs-5988.pdf plain text: afs-5988.txt item: #576 of 2310 id: afs-5989 author: Winiarska-Mieczan, Anna; Kwiecień, Małgorzata title: The influence of raw grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds on growth performance and biochemical and haematological parameters in the blood of grower-finisher pigs date: 2010 words: 7160 flesch: 66 summary: Influence of grass pea seeds on pig performance and blood parameters 224 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 223–232. 225 riod of experiment the animals of group II were fed standard grower mixtures, in the finisher ex- perimental formula, soybean meal were replaced by raw grass pea seeds (Table 2). However, the fatteners fed grass pea seeds amounting to 50% of protein feedstuffs in both fattening periods revealed the highest feed and energy intake per kg of live weight gain, compared to the group feed grass pea only in the second phase of the fattening period. keywords: c u; grass pea; n c; pea; pea seeds; protein; seeds; weight cache: afs-5989.pdf plain text: afs-5989.txt item: #577 of 2310 id: afs-5990 author: Świątkiewic, Sylwester; Koreleski, Jerzy; Arczewska-Włosek, Anna title: Egg performance, egg quality, and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed diets with different levels of rapeseed expeller cake date: 2010 words: 4503 flesch: 61 summary: Rapeseed cake in layer diets 238 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 233–239. 239 control group, the significantly higher excretion of P in layers fed with 8% of rapeseed expeller cake has obvious environmental implications in relation to the pollution potential of hen’s excreta. I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 19(2010): 233–239. 233 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received October 2009 Egg performance, egg quality, and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed diets with different levels of rapeseed expeller cake Sylwester Świątkiewicz*, Jerzy Koreleski and Anna Arczewska-Włosek National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, 32-083 Balice, Poland, *e-mail: sylwester.swiatkiewicz@izoo.krakow.pl The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of rapeseed expeller cake (RC) in the diet of laying hens on egg performance, egg quality, retention and excretion of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, and metabolizability of energy. keywords: cake; egg; rapeseed cache: afs-5990.pdf plain text: afs-5990.txt item: #578 of 2310 id: afs-5991 author: Bañón, Sancho; Bedia, Mario; Almela, Elisabeth; Martínez, Pedro José title: Improving the quality of dry-cured sausages using pork from rustic breeds date: 2010 words: 7676 flesch: 66 summary: The connective tissue contributes negatively to the chewiness of dry cured sausage, since the drying process does not gelatinise the native collagen. Determination of hydroxyproline in cured pork sausages and dry cured beef products by NIRS technology employing a fibre–optic probe. keywords: c u; e n; meat; n c; n d; sausage; u l cache: afs-5991.pdf plain text: afs-5991.txt item: #579 of 2310 id: afs-5992 author: Nissinen, Oiva; Kalliainen, Pekka; Jauhiainen, Lauri title: Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions date: 2010 words: 10987 flesch: 68 summary: Key-words: Phleum pratense, timothy, dry matter yield, leaf to stem ratio, organic matter digestibility, crude protein content A G R As regards dry matter yield, the decline in organic matter digestibility was from 80% at the early pasture stage to 63% at the late silage stage. keywords: c e; c u; digestibility; e n; growth; l t; matter; n c; n d; stage; timothy; u l; yield cache: afs-5992.pdf plain text: afs-5992.txt item: #580 of 2310 id: afs-5993 author: Hansson, Helena; Ferguson, Richard; Olofsson, Christer title: Understanding the diversification and specialization of farm businesses date: 2010 words: 11840 flesch: 47 summary: Though such portfolio behavior has been identified in general entrepreneurship literature (e.g Westhead and Wright 1999), starting multiple businesses as an alternative of farm business diversification is an interesting issue to be further explored. Furthermore, with the notable excep- tion of McNally (2001), little previous research on farm diversification has used panel data, limiting assessment of development patterns over time. keywords: activities; business; c e; c u; diversification; e n; farm; n c; n d; specialization; u l cache: afs-5993.pdf plain text: afs-5993.txt item: #581 of 2310 id: afs-5994 author: Alakukku, Laura; Ristolainen, Antti; Sarikka, Ilkka; Hurme, Timo title: Surface water ponding on clayey soils managed by conventional and conservation tillage in boreal conditions date: 2010 words: 9085 flesch: 66 summary: 313–326. 315 tion of conservation tillage on clayey soil areas has been documented since Finland joined the EU in 1995. One sign of the problems in the field’s hydrology is free water ponding on soil surface. keywords: c u; clay; n c; ntg; p p; soil; surface; tillage; water cache: afs-5994.pdf plain text: afs-5994.txt item: #582 of 2310 id: afs-5995 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri title: Cultivar improvement and environmental variability in yield removed nitrogen of spring cereals and rapeseed in northern growing conditions according to a long-term dataset date: 2010 words: 9326 flesch: 68 summary: Also frequencies (in right-hand side) for each of the four groups having regular intervals between minimum and maximum N yield (shown with dash lines) are indicated as well as mean N yields above an arrow for early (1988–1998) and late study years (1999–2008). Genetic im- provement of spring barley cultivars grown in eastern Canada from 1910 to 1988. keywords: barley; c e; c u; crop; ha-1; n c; nitrogen; rape; yield; yrn cache: afs-5995.pdf plain text: afs-5995.txt item: #583 of 2310 id: afs-5996 author: Värv, Sirje; Kantanen, Juha; Viinalass, Haldja title: Microsatellite, blood group and transferrin protein diversity of Estonian dairy cattle breeds date: 2010 words: 6190 flesch: 55 summary: We conclude that the DNA samples and genotyping data collected in the present study will be of value in future studies examining, for example, temporal changes in the genetic diversity of Estonian dairy cattle breeds. Acknowledgements. In addition, Tapio et al. (2006) demonstrated that the Estonian Native Cattle are of a high value in the conservation of cattle genetic resources when the prioritisation of cattle breeds is based simultane- ously on within- and between-breed components of genetic diversity. keywords: breeds; c u; cattle; estonian; microsatellite; n c; native cache: afs-5996.pdf plain text: afs-5996.txt item: #584 of 2310 id: afs-5997 author: Rybarczyk, Artur; Kmieć, Marek; Szaruga, Roman; Napierała, Filip; Terman, Arkadiusz title: The effect of calpastatin polymorphism and its interaction with RYR1 genotypes on carcass and meat quality of crossbred pigs date: 2010 words: 5004 flesch: 65 summary: 16.81 0.12 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Drip loss (%) 7.65 0.23 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. WHC (% of free water) 17.42 0.44 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Thermal drip (%) 25.88 0.25 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. pH48 5.57 0.01 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. EC2 (mS/cm) keywords: carcass; cast; genotypes; meat; mspi; n.s; pigs; quality; ryr1 cache: afs-5997.pdf plain text: afs-5997.txt item: #585 of 2310 id: afs-5998 author: Martínez-Fernández, Adela; Soldado, Ana; Vicent, Fernando; Martínez, Antonio; de la Roza-Delgado, Begoña title: Wilting and inoculation of Lactobacillus buchneri on intercropped triticale-fava silage: effects on nutritive, fermentative and aerobic stability characteristics date: 2010 words: 7351 flesch: 63 summary: In the other hand, the additive increases the ammonium concentration in silages with high proteolysis such as wilted fava bean silages (S × W × A, p < 0.05). The DM content in wilted silages was clearly lower after ensiling than before it. keywords: c e; c u; e n; n c; n d; silage; wilting cache: afs-5998.pdf plain text: afs-5998.txt item: #586 of 2310 id: afs-5999 author: Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Mattila, Pasi K. title: Nitrogen losses from grass ley after slurry application surface broadcasting vs. injection date: 2010 words: 9363 flesch: 67 summary: At present, nitrogen losses from slurry applied fields are mitigated, since the application of N fertilizers (including slurry N) is not allowed Fig. Due to the soil wetness and risk of soil compac- Nitrogen losses from grass ley after slurry application – surface broadcasting vs. injection Jaana Uusi-Kämppä and Pasi K. Mattila MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: jaana.uusi-kamppa@mtt.fi As the livestock numbers on Finnish dairy farms have increased and most fields on dairy farms are under grass, it has become common to spread cattle slurry over grasslands. keywords: application; c e; c u; e n; losses; n c; n d; nitrogen; runoff; slurry; soil; surface cache: afs-5999.pdf plain text: afs-5999.txt item: #587 of 2310 id: afs-6000 author: Saxe, Annegret title: Letter to Editor : Third sector organizations in rural development A Comment date: 2011 words: 729 flesch: 44 summary: With the help of these dimensions distinctive characteristics of transactions and therewith specified transaction costs can be defined. Otherwise, as actors are sparse, ex post dependency and the fear of exploitation might afford appropriate safeguards that might raise transaction costs. keywords: organizations; transaction; williamson cache: afs-6000.pdf plain text: afs-6000.txt item: #588 of 2310 id: afs-6001 author: Hakala, Kaija; Hannukkala, Asko O.; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Jalli, Marja; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo title: Pests and diseases in a changing climate a major challenge for Finnish crop production date: 2011 words: 9007 flesch: 63 summary: Examples of possible increased pest risks Climate change will have a number of effects on developmental rate and phenology of crop plants that will alter the proliferation of associated pest spe- cies. Increased cropping of winter oilseed crops could change the status and phenology of pests of cruciferous crops. keywords: autumn; c e; c u; change; climate; crops; e n; et al; finland; increase; n c; n d; pests; plant; season; winter cache: afs-6001.pdf plain text: afs-6001.txt item: #589 of 2310 id: afs-6002 author: Hannukkala, Asko O. title: Examples of alien pathogens in Finnish potato production - their introduction, establishment and consequences date: 2011 words: 14192 flesch: 68 summary: Global warming can change the relative importance of potato diseases already present in Finland. The causal agent of potato wart disease was first described as Chrysophlyctis endobiotica by Schilberdksky (1896) and Percival (1910) changed the name to Synchytrium endobioticum. keywords: blackleg; c e; c u; dickeya; disease; e n; fields; finland; finnish; g r; hannukkala; l t; n c; n d; new; plant; pmtv; potato; production; rot; seed; tubers; u l; wart cache: afs-6002.pdf plain text: afs-6002.txt item: #590 of 2310 id: afs-6003 author: Heikkilä, Jaakko title: A review of risk prioritisation schemes of pathogens, pests and weeds: principles and practices date: 2011 words: 10240 flesch: 59 summary: (Horby et al. 2001; Doherty 2006; Weinberg et al. 1999). Border control for potential aquatic weeds - Stage 1: Weed risk model. keywords: assessment; c e; c u; et al; model; n c; n d; prioritisation; questions; risk; studies cache: afs-6003.pdf plain text: afs-6003.txt item: #591 of 2310 id: afs-6004 author: Lilja, Arja; Rytkönen, Anna; Hantula, Jarkko; Müller, Michael; Parikka, Päivi; Kurkela, Timo title: Introduced pathogens found on ornamentals, strawberry and trees in Finland over the past 20 years date: 2011 words: 8919 flesch: 68 summary: Although individual vari- ation in morphology is evident, microscopic ex- aminations could not identify intraspecific genetic groups or establish host specificity among isolates from apple, birch, rhododendron and strawberry (Stamps et al. 1990, Hantula et al. 2000). The morpho- logical similarity of the pathogen to M. hiratsukanum was noted and recent work confirmed the species identification (Põldmaa 1997, Kurkela et al. 1999, Hantula et al. 2009). keywords: c e; c u; disease; et al; finland; forest; lilja; n c; pathogen; phytophthora; plant; ramorum; species; strawberry; trees cache: afs-6004.pdf plain text: afs-6004.txt item: #592 of 2310 id: afs-6005 author: Lemmetty, Anne; Laamanen, Jaana; Soukainen, Mirkka; Tegel, Jukka title: Emerging virus and viroid pathogen species identified for the first time in horticultural plants in Finland in 1997-2010 date: 2011 words: 8804 flesch: 63 summary: Numerous nucleic acid sequences of plant viruses have been published and sequence comparisons have opened up new possibilities for documenting virus taxonomy and diversity. The use of cryo- preservation protocols ensures the preservation of the plant material in safe for plant viruses in con- trast to field-maintenance (Nukari et al. 2009). keywords: c e; c u; e n; et al; finland; mosaic; n c; new; plant; tomato; u l; viroid; virus; viruses cache: afs-6005.pdf plain text: afs-6005.txt item: #593 of 2310 id: afs-6006 author: Vänninen, Irene; Worner, Susan; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Tuovinen, Tuomo; Nissinen, Anne; Saikkonen, Kari title: Recorded and potential alien invertebrate pests in Finnish agriculture and horticulture date: 2011 words: 14675 flesch: 61 summary: One recent approach proposed to address this is to map the most likely indigenous donor regions of alien species to pro- duce lists of species with a high likelihood of es- tablishment (Gevrey et al. 2006). This is particularly important with respect to climate change, which can increase the risk of establishment of alien species, either because cli- matic conditions become more favourable for the species in question, or because a pest’s host plants are taken increasingly into cultivation. keywords: alien; c e; c u; d ae; e n; establishment; finland; finnish; g r; l t; n c; n d; pests; plant; potential; risk; som; species; u l cache: afs-6006.pdf plain text: afs-6006.txt item: #594 of 2310 id: afs-60068 author: Seleiman, Mahmoud F.; Selim, Shaimaa; Jaakkola, Seija; Mäkelä, Pirjo S.A. title: Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize fertilized with synthetic fertilizer or digestate and harvested at two maturity stages in Boreal growing conditions date: 2017 words: 5769 flesch: 58 summary: Crude protein content in whole crop maize decreased at 150 DAS (78.0 g kg-1 on average) in comparison with harvest at 120 DAS (85.5 g kg-1 on average). Nutritive value and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage harvested at four stages of maturity. keywords: content; crop; das; digestate; et al; fertilizer; harvest; kg-1; maize; science; starch; synthetic cache: afs-60068.pdf plain text: afs-60068.txt item: #595 of 2310 id: afs-6007 author: Hyvönen, Terho title: Foreword date: 2011 words: 570 flesch: 43 summary: In agricultural and horticultural production, alien pest species cause economic loss by decreasing the production or lowering the quality of products. The main aim of the special issue is to provide up- dated reviews on the current status of major groups of alien pest species, including plant pathogens, insect pests and weeds. keywords: alien; species cache: afs-6007.pdf plain text: afs-6007.txt item: #596 of 2310 id: afs-6008 author: Hyvönen, Terho; Jalli, Heikki title: Alien species in the Finnish weed flora date: 2011 words: 6290 flesch: 61 summary: The present study aimed at examining the inva- sion of alien agricultural weed species in Finland by reviewing the occurrence and distribution of European weed species in Finland. 86 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Vol. 20(2011): 86–95. 87 © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received August 2010 Alien species in the Finnish weed flora Terho Hyvönen* and Heikki Jalli MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland *e-mail: terho.hyvonen@mtt.fi The present study aimed at assessing the invasion of alien weed species in Finland based on a review of their occurrence in the Finnish weed flora. keywords: alien; c u; finland; invasion; n c; species; weed; weed species cache: afs-6008.pdf plain text: afs-6008.txt item: #597 of 2310 id: afs-6009 author: Jalli, Marja; Laitinen, Pauliina; Latvala, Satu title: The emergence of cereal fungal diseases and the incidence of leaf spot diseases in Finland date: 2011 words: 10801 flesch: 82 summary: Key-words: Plant disease, leaf spot disease, emergence, cereal, barley, wheat, oat Introduction Plant diseases are an outcome of the long-term in- teraction between plants and pathogens. Plant diseases cause significant yield losses in cereal crops and reduce grain quality, threatening food safety (Gregory et al. 2009). keywords: c e; c u; e n; ea d; em d; finland; n c; n d cache: afs-6009.pdf plain text: afs-6009.txt item: #598 of 2310 id: afs-6010 author: Valentinov, Vladislav title: Letter to Editor : Third sector organizations in rural development: - Reply date: 2011 words: 587 flesch: 51 summary: Third sector organizations in rural development: a comment. Third sector organizations in rural development: a transaction cost perspective. keywords: saxe; sector cache: afs-6010.pdf plain text: afs-6010.txt item: #599 of 2310 id: afs-6011 author: Hyvönen, Terho title: Impact of temperature and germination time on the success of a C4 weed in a C3 crop: Amaranthus retroflexus and spring barley date: 2011 words: 4611 flesch: 62 summary: The success of A. retroflexus was measured as growth (height and biomass) and seed production (number and biomass). Elevation in temperature enhanced seed production of A. retroflexus, but the impact on growth was minor (only dif- ference in plant height in one treatment). keywords: barley; retroflexus; temperature; weed cache: afs-6011.pdf plain text: afs-6011.txt item: #600 of 2310 id: afs-6012 author: Manninen, Merja; Honkavaara, Markku; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Nykänen, Arja; Heikkilä, Anna-Maija title: Effects of grass-red clover silage digestibility and concentrate protein concentration on performance, carcass value, eating quality and economy of finishing Hereford bulls reared in cold conditions date: 2011 words: 12438 flesch: 66 summary: Pre‑ diction of silage feeding value from the analysis of the herbage at ensiling and effects of nitrogen fertilizer, date of harvest and additive treatment on grass silage compo‑ sition. The effects of grain treatment, grain feed level and grass silage feed value on the performance of and meat quality from finishing beef cattle. keywords: bulls; c e; c u; carcass; concentrate; diet; digestibility; e n; et al; grass; kg-1; n c; protein; silage; silage digestibility; u l cache: afs-6012.pdf plain text: afs-6012.txt item: #601 of 2310 id: afs-6013 author: Salputra, Guna; Chantreuil, Frédéric; Hanrahan, Kevin; Donnellan, Trevor; van Leeuwen, Myrna; Erjavec, Emil title: Policy harmonized approach for the EU agricultural sector modelling date: 2011 words: 9356 flesch: 51 summary: The New Member States (NMS) are still allowed to use the transition support system – Single Area Payment (SAP) scheme - one of the advantages of which is the flexibility to provide national top-ups to agriculture in coupled and de- coupled forms until 2013 in line with phasing-in of EU direct payments, while EU support within SAP scheme must be totally decoupled. The usefulness of the PH approach has been illustrated through its implementation in the AG- MEMOD model and its use in analysing a series of EU agricultural policy reform scenarios. keywords: agmemod; approach; beef; c e; c u; cap; e n; member; model; n c; payments; policy; production; support; u l cache: afs-6013.pdf plain text: afs-6013.txt item: #602 of 2310 id: afs-6014 author: Sironen, Anu; Uimari, Pekka; Vilkki, Johanna title: Comparison of different DNA extraction methods from hair root follicles to genotype Finnish Landrace boars with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip date: 2011 words: 4429 flesch: 58 summary: Differences in allele calls after Beadchip genotyping of hair root samples prepared by various DNA extraction methods. Distribution plot of call rates against DNA con- centration of hair root samples. keywords: c u; concentration; dna; genotyping; hair; method; n c; samples; sperm cache: afs-6014.pdf plain text: afs-6014.txt item: #603 of 2310 id: afs-6015 author: Vauhkonen, Ville; Ventelä, Sari; Suojaranta, Juhani; Lauhanen, Risto; Pasila, Antti; Kuokkanen, Toivo; Prokkola, Hanna; Syväjärvi, Sanna title: The phytotoxic effects and biodegradability of stored rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil methyl ester date: 2011 words: 8821 flesch: 66 summary: 131PB © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received August 2010 The phytotoxic effects and biodegradability of stored rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil methyl ester Ville Vauhkonen1*, Risto Lauhanen1, Sarita Ventelä1, Juhani Suojaranta1, Antti Pasila1, Toivo Kuokkanen2, Hanna Prokkola2 and Sanna Syväjärvi2 1Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture and Forestry, FI-60800 Ilmajoki, Finland 2University of Oulu, Department of Chemistry, PL 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland *Current address: UPM Research Center, FI-53200 Lappeenranta, Finland email: ville.vauhkonen@upm.com The aims of this study were to determine the phytotoxicity of stored rapeseed (Brassica rapa) oil (RSO) and rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) after “spill like” contamination on the growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and the biodegradability of these substances in OECD 301F test conditions and in ground water. The measured phytomasses (±SD) of barley crops with different contamination levels of rapeseed oil (RSO) and rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) at the Koulutila and Rahkakorpi test sites. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 RSO (Koulutila) RME (Koulutila) RSO (Rahkakorpi) RME (Rahkakorpi) Wet mass, grams 0.0, l m⁻² 0.5, l m⁻² 2.0, l m⁻² 0.5 liters per square meter and by 84% with a con- tamination level of 2.0 liters per square meter. keywords: biodegradation; contamination; fuel; oil; rapeseed; rapeseed oil; rme; rso; test; � � cache: afs-6015.pdf plain text: afs-6015.txt item: #604 of 2310 id: afs-6016 author: Wiander, Britta; Palva, Airi title: Sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice fermented spontaneously using mineral salt, garlic and algae date: 2011 words: 3441 flesch: 67 summary: AFS 2 (2011): 169-175, vol. 20 A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Wiander, B. and Palva, A. Impact of mineral salt, garlic and algae on sauerkraut fermentation Vol. 20(2011): 169–175. A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E Wiander, B. and Palva, A. Impact of mineral salt, garlic and algae on sauerkraut fermentation Vol. 20(2011): 169–175. keywords: fermentation; mineral; mineral salt; salt; sauerkraut cache: afs-6016.pdf plain text: afs-6016.txt item: #605 of 2310 id: afs-6017 author: Wiander, Britta; Korhonen, Hannu J.T. title: Preliminary studies on using LAB strains isolated from spontaneous sauerkraut fermentation in combination with mineral salt, herbs and spices in sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice fermentations date: 2011 words: 3841 flesch: 64 summary: Selection and characterization of mixed starter cultures for lactic acid fermentation of carrot, cabbage, beet and onion vegetable mixtures. Nr. 4 can be used in sauerkraut fermentations with good results. keywords: acid; cabbage; fermentation; lactic; mineral; salt; sauerkraut cache: afs-6017.pdf plain text: afs-6017.txt item: #606 of 2310 id: afs-6018 author: Chen, Lin; Kivelä, Jukka; Helenius, Juha; Kangas, Arjo title: Meat bone meal as fertiliser for barley and oat date: 2011 words: 6275 flesch: 67 summary: Salomonsson et al. (1994, 1995) studied the impact of MBM fertiliser on the grain protein content in spring and winter wheat and found N availability in MBM to be similar to that in urea. Therefore MBM fertilisation should be fitted for crop rotation and for meeting environmental requirements. keywords: barley; fertilisation; fertiliser; mbm; oat; yield cache: afs-6018.pdf plain text: afs-6018.txt item: #607 of 2310 id: afs-6019 author: Huuskonen, Arto title: Effects of barley grain compared to commercial concentrate or rapeseed meal supplementation on performance of growing dairy bulls offered grass silage-based diet date: 2011 words: 11090 flesch: 71 summary: 191PB © Agricultural and Food Science Manuscript received November 2010 Effects of barley grain compared to commercial concentrate or rapeseed meal supplementation on performance of growing dairy bulls offered grass silage-based diet Arto Huuskonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FI-92400 Ruukki, Finland e-mail: arto.huuskonen@mtt.fi The objectives of the study with dairy bulls offered grass silage-based diet were to determine the effects on animal performance of (1) concentrate type (barley vs. commercial concentrate) and (2) supplementation of rapeseed meal (RSM) in barley-based concentrate, with data being compared from preweaning to slaughter. Effects of concentrate type on apparent diet digestibility of growing dairy bulls. keywords: bulls; c e; c u; concentrate; n c cache: afs-6019.pdf plain text: afs-6019.txt item: #608 of 2310 id: afs-6020 author: Martinez, Olaia; Salmerón, Jesús; Guillén, María D.; Casas, Carmen title: Characteristics of dry- and brine-salted salmon later treated with liquid smoke flavouring date: 2011 words: 8627 flesch: 66 summary: Spoilage organisms can act as a barrier to the entry of pos- sible pathogenic species (Giménez and Dalgaard 2004, Tome et al. 2006), and strains of Carnobac- terium are being studied for their possible use as bioprotectors against Listeria monocytogenes in smoked salmon (Connil et al. 2002, Brillet 2004, Nilsson et al. 2004, Brillet et al. 2005). The optimisation of the individual operations involved in the processing of smoked salmon, i.e., salting, drying and smoking, is important in the economic success of this sector which has small profit margins (Birkeland et al. 2004). keywords: 2004; atlantic; brine; c e; chemistry; cold; et al; fish; food; journal; liquid; martinez; quality; salar; salmon; salting; science; smoke; smoking cache: afs-6020.pdf plain text: afs-6020.txt item: #609 of 2310 id: afs-6021 author: Kanerva, Päivi; Sontag-Strohm, Tuula; Brinck, Outi; Salovaara, Hannu title: Improved extraction of prolamins for gluten detection in processed foods date: 2011 words: 6990 flesch: 58 summary: These gluten methods are able to detect very low levels of prolamin proteins, and new limits for acceptable gluten contents in gluten-free products have been set by the European Union (Commission regulation (EC) No 41/2009). Prolamin proteins are – by one definition – aqueous-alcohol soluble; however, some of them form alcohol-insoluble structures (Shewry and Halford 2002). keywords: antibody; barley; extraction; gluten; prolamins; propanol; proteins; rye; samples; wheat cache: afs-6021.pdf plain text: afs-6021.txt item: #610 of 2310 id: afs-6022 author: Rajala, Ari; Niskanen, Markku; Isolahti, Mika; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo title: Seed quality effects on seedling emergence, plant stand establishment and grain yield in two-row barley date: 2011 words: 4170 flesch: 68 summary: Seed lot effect on grain yield (kg ha-1), protein concentration (%), hecto liter weight (HLW, kg) and single grain weight (SGW, mg). Seed lots of CCS and FSS>2.7 mm + dis enhanced seedling emergence rate and increased the number of plants compared with other treatments. keywords: fss>2.7; grain; seed; yield cache: afs-6022.pdf plain text: afs-6022.txt item: #611 of 2310 id: afs-6023 author: Salonen, Jukka; Hyvönen, Terho; Jalli, Heikki title: Composition of weed flora in spring cereals in Finland - a fourth survey date: 2011 words: 11842 flesch: 68 summary: The diversity of weed species was described by species richness. Frequencies (%) of weed species by regions Year / Region Species / Taxon 2007 2008 2009 Average 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2007–09 Achillea millefolium L 0 8 0 0 9 20 9 0 2 2 2 8 17 4 8 0 5 Alopecurus geniculatus L. 5 0 0 0 3 5 6 12 2 0 8 7 4 4 8 10 4 Artemisia vulgaris L. 0 10 0 3 0 20 0 0 0 21 0 14 17 4 8 0 6 Brassica rapa L. ssp. keywords: cereals; fields; finland; n c; number; species; spring; weed cache: afs-6023.pdf plain text: afs-6023.txt item: #612 of 2310 id: afs-6024 author: Pietola, Kyösti; Myyrä, Sami; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo title: Predicting the yield of spring wheat by weather indices in Finland: implications for designing weather index insurances date: 2011 words: 14772 flesch: 65 summary: This way we allow for asymmetry in marginal yield effects with respect to the values of 37 the weather measures. This way we allow for asymmetry in marginal yield effects with respect to the values of 37 the weather measures. keywords: c e; c u; e n; gdd; l t; n c; n d; rainfall; t t; weather; yield; yield effect cache: afs-6024.pdf plain text: afs-6024.txt item: #613 of 2310 id: afs-6025 author: Hossein-Zadeh, Navid Ghavi title: Estimation of genetic parameters and genetic change for stillbirth in Iranian Holstein cows: a comparison between linear and threshold models date: 2011 words: 5922 flesch: 60 summary: An observational analysis of twin births, calf stillbirth, calf sex ratio, and abortion in Iranian Holsteins. There was a slightly increasing genetic trend for stillbirth rate in parities 1 and 2 over time with the analysis of linear animal and linear sire models. keywords: animal; estimates; linear; models; parity; stillbirth; threshold cache: afs-6025.pdf plain text: afs-6025.txt item: #614 of 2310 id: afs-6026 author: Turner, T. D.; McNiven, M.A. title: In vitro N degradability and N digestibility of raw, roasted or extruded canola, linseed and soybean date: 2011 words: 3714 flesch: 57 summary: The high N digestibility and lower acid detergent insoluble N values of heat treated oilseeds indicated no indigestible complexes were formed. In vitro degradability of heat treated oilseeds 301300 used for determining N digestibility were incubated at 39 °C for 1 h in pepsin solution (P-7000 solu- tion; 2 mg/ml in 0.1 N HCl, Sigma-Aldrich Ltd., Canada), rinsed and then incubated at 39 °C for 24 h in pancreatin solution (P-7545, Sigma-Aldrich Ltd., Canada). keywords: canola; degradability; digestibility; heat; linseed; oilseeds; soybean cache: afs-6026.pdf plain text: afs-6026.txt item: #615 of 2310 id: afs-6027 author: Lisiewska, Zofia; Gębczyński, Piotr; Słupski, Jacek; Kur, Katarzyna title: Effect of processing and cooking on total and soluble oxalate content in frozen root vegetables prepared for consumption date: 2011 words: 6540 flesch: 59 summary: A further aim was to evaluate oxalate content in vegetables prepared for consumption from frozen products directly after freezing and after 12-month storage at −20 oC. Materials and methods Materials The investigated material consisted of four root species: beetroot – Beta vulgaris L. (Czerwona Kula cv.); carrot – Daucus carota L. (Koral cv.); celeriac – Apium graveolens L. (Dukat cv.) and parsnip – Pastinaca sativa L. (Fagot cv.). The level of dry matter was determined by the method given in AOAC (1990) to allow the calculation of oxalate content per 100 g dry matter. keywords: calcium; consumption; content; cooking; food; oxalates; total; vegetables cache: afs-6027.pdf plain text: afs-6027.txt item: #616 of 2310 id: afs-6028 author: Suproniene, Skaidre; Mankeviciene, Audrone; Kadziene, Grazina; Feiziene, Dalia; Feiza, Virginijus; Semaskiene, Roma; Dabkevicius, Zenonas title: The effect of different tillage-fertilization practices on the mycoflora of wheat grains date: 2011 words: 7039 flesch: 65 summary: Pyr- enophora, Nigrospora, Trichoderma and Ulocla- dium were identified only on spring wheat grains. The fungal contamination of spring wheat grain as influenced by different tillage- fertilization treatments, 2006−2008. keywords: et al; fungi; fusarium; grain; species; spring; tillage; wheat; wheat grain; winter cache: afs-6028.pdf plain text: afs-6028.txt item: #617 of 2310 id: afs-6029 author: Mekky, Hattem; Mohamed, Maged; Lazarus, Colin; Power, J. Brian; Davey, Michael R. title: Biosynthesis of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the leafy vegetable chicory date: 2011 words: 7693 flesch: 62 summary: Fatty acids were extracted from a non-transformed plant (A), and transgenic plants express- ing the Δ9 gene (B), a transgenic plant with the Δ9 + Δ8 genes (C), and the Δ9 + Δ8, plus Δ5 genes (D). Table 3 and Figure 6 show the concentrations of prostaglandins in transformed plants of the cv. keywords: acid; c e; c u; chicory; et al; fatty; genes; n c; plants cache: afs-6029.pdf plain text: afs-6029.txt item: #618 of 2310 id: afs-60293 author: Särkkä, Liisa Elina; Jokinen, Kari; Ottosen, Carl-Otto; Kaukoranta, Timo title: Effects of HPS and LED lighting on cucumber leaf photosynthesis, light quality penetration and temperature in the canopy, plant morphology and yield date: 2017 words: 6012 flesch: 58 summary: Light production efficien- cy is better in LED than for HPS lights (µmol PAR J-1 electricity) and their efficiency is increasing in contrast to HPS units (Ouzonis et al. 2015c, Pattison et al. 2016). Heat output relative to light output is higher in HPS than in LED lights and while HPS lights strongly radiate heat downward, most LED armatures lose convective heat upwards even though the light is focused on the plants. keywords: cucumber; efficiency; fruit; hps; interlight; leaf; leaves; light; lighting; red; treatments; yield cache: afs-60293.pdf plain text: afs-60293.txt item: #619 of 2310 id: afs-6030 author: Salonen, Jukka; Laitinen, Pauliina; Saastamoinen, Marketta; Salopelto, Juha title: The main weed species and their control in oilseed crops in Finland date: 2011 words: 3904 flesch: 63 summary: However, the yield levels in weed survey fields, 1 550 – 1 850 kg ha-1, were clearly lower than the above-mentioned potential average yield. However, the results from oilseed crop fields are applicable for comparison of the weed species producing the highest biomass, for example in spring cereals. keywords: fields; oilseed; weed cache: afs-6030.pdf plain text: afs-6030.txt item: #620 of 2310 id: afs-60413 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju title: A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls date: 2017 words: 6404 flesch: 59 summary: Key words: beef production, bulls, carcass characteristics, feed intake, grass silage, growth Introduction Grass silage is the basic component of diets for growing cattle in Northern Europe. The nutritive value of grass silage depends of the stage of growth at harvesting and the changes in the chemical composition during ensiling (Huhtanen et al. 2007). keywords: bulls; carcass; cut; feeding; grass; gs3; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage cache: afs-60413.pdf plain text: afs-60413.txt item: #621 of 2310 id: afs-60443 author: Keskinen, Riikka; Saastamoinen, Markku; Nikama, Johanna; Särkijärvi, Susanna; Myllymäki, Marianna; Salo, Tapio; Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana title: Recycling nutrients from horse manure: effects of bedding type and its compostability date: 2017 words: 7762 flesch: 58 summary: Statistical analyses An analysis of variance was conducted to test for differences in the N, P and K concentrations and leaching loss- es of N and P under rain simulation between the peat, wood shavings and pelleted straw manures. In the fresh manures, the total N concentration was equal between peat and pelleted straw manure and some- what lower in the wood shavings manure (Table 1). keywords: bedding; composting; concentrations; et al; horse; manure; peat; shavings; soil; straw; total; water; wood cache: afs-60443.pdf plain text: afs-60443.txt item: #622 of 2310 id: afs-60516 author: Łozicki, Andrzej; Olech, Wanda; Dymnicka, Maria; Florowski, Tomasz; Adamczak, Lech; Arkuszewska, Ewa; Niemiec, Tomasz title: Nutritive value and meat quality of domestic cattle (Bos taurus), zubron (Bos taurus × Bison bonasus) and European bison (Bison bonasus) meat date: 2017 words: 8166 flesch: 63 summary: The shear force of meat was highest for European bison meat and lowest for beef. Key words: beef, zubron meat, European bison meat, nutritive value, meat quality Introduction The development of the European bison (Bison bonasus) population in Europe enables them to be used for semen and crossed with dairy or beef cattle (Bos taurus). keywords: acids; beef; bison; bison meat; cattle; composition; content; differences; et al; european bison; fatty; meat; science; value; zubron; zubron meat cache: afs-60516.pdf plain text: afs-60516.txt item: #623 of 2310 id: afs-6082 author: Grajales-Lagunes, Alicia; Rivera-Bautista, Cecilia; Ruiz-Cabrera, Miguel; Gonzalez-Garcia, Raul; Ramirez-Telles, Jorge; Abud-Archila, Miguel title: Effect of lactic acid on the meat quality properties and the taste of pork Serratus ventralis muscle date: 2012 words: 5310 flesch: 65 summary: Therefore, lactic acid treatment may be an alternative to extend pork shelf life. Lactic acid treatments were done based on randomized factorial design of two factors (Lactic acid concentration and immersion time) with two levels, 1 and 3% (v v-1), and 1 and 3 minutes, respectively and 3 central points (2% and 2 minutes), one replicate for each experimental condition was used. keywords: acid; color; loss; meat; samples; taste; treatment; weight cache: afs-6082.pdf plain text: afs-6082.txt item: #624 of 2310 id: afs-6105 author: Tasa, Tea; Starast, Marge; Vool, Ele; Moor, Ulvi; Karp, Kadri title: Influence of soil type on half-highbush blueberry productivity date: 2012 words: 8532 flesch: 67 summary: In peat soil cultivar ‘Arne’ plants were again the highest as opposed to cultivar ‘Northblue’ which had the lowest plants. In peat soil cultivar ‘Arne’ had the lowest number of shoots compared to ‘Northblue’ and ‘Alvar’. keywords: aino; blueberry; cultivar; highbush; mineral; mineral soil; northblue; p<0.05; peat; peat soil; plants; soil; soil type; type cache: afs-6105.pdf plain text: afs-6105.txt item: #625 of 2310 id: afs-61076 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Kontturi, Markku; Laine, Antti; Niskanen, Markku; Hurme, Timo; Jauhiainen, Lauri title: Characterizing an outperforming pea cultivar for intercropping with oat at high latitudes date: 2017 words: 6423 flesch: 56 summary: Grain yield of intercropped pea cultivar Karita associated negatively with LERyield (Fig. 4). The higher the GNO per square meter for intercropped pea cultivars Hulda and Karita, while again the lower the GNO for oat intercropped with Hulda pea, the lower was the LERyield (Fig. 5). keywords: agricultural; cultivar; hulda; intercrops; leryield; oat; pea; peltonen; perttu; sainio; yield cache: afs-61076.pdf plain text: afs-61076.txt item: #626 of 2310 id: afs-6249 author: Rastas, Marika; Latvala, Satu; Hannukkala, Asko title: Occurrence of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Finnish turnip rape and oilseed rape fields date: 2012 words: 8514 flesch: 64 summary: The growth substrate was a mixture of field soil (50% weight) and sterile sand (50% weight). Field soil, sand and fertilizer were carefully mixed in a concrete-mixer. keywords: brassicae; c e; clubroot; disease; effect; field; n c; oilseed; plants; soil; symptoms cache: afs-6249.pdf plain text: afs-6249.txt item: #627 of 2310 id: afs-63053 author: Manni, Katariina; Rinne, Marketta; Joki-Tokola, Erkki; Huuskonen, Arto title: Effects of different restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered grass silage and barley based diets date: 2017 words: 7124 flesch: 58 summary: Similarly, in the present experiment carcass fatness increased numerically with increasing growth rate. The actual restric- tion of silage intake was more severe than targeted in R, I and D. keywords: bulls; carcass; et al; experiment; feeding; growing; growth; intake; period; science; silage cache: afs-63053.pdf plain text: afs-63053.txt item: #628 of 2310 id: afs-63132 author: Jõudu, Ivi; Henno, Merike; Kaart, Tanel; Veskioja, Andre; Ots, Meelis title: Changes in rheological properties of Edam-type cheese during ripening date: 2017 words: 5588 flesch: 58 summary: Results and discussion Cheese composition and dynamics of pH during processing The compositions of cheeses made with DVS and BS (Table 1) were typical for Edam cheese, whereas the mois- ture content was lower for BS cheeses as was expected from the different dynamics of the pH during processing (Table 2). The objectives of this research were to define the linear viscoelastic rheological properties of large scale production Edam-type cheese, to characterize the effect of ripening (from three days to 10 weeks) and to determine the effect of the type of starters, cheese com- position and cheese milk on the rheological properties of Edam-type cheese. keywords: cheese; fat; milk; moisture; properties; protein; ripening; week cache: afs-63132.pdf plain text: afs-63132.txt item: #629 of 2310 id: afs-63156 author: Różyło, Krzysztof; Świeca, Michał; Gawlik-Dziki, Urszula; Kwiecińska-Poppe, Ewa; Andruszczak, Sylwia; Kraska, Piotr title: Phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain after three years’ fertilization with biogas digestate and mineral waste date: 2017 words: 8786 flesch: 55 summary: In the third year, the fertilization with MS+BD resulted in a non-significant decrease in wheat grain yield compared to NPK. Due to the required homogenization time of waste with soil, the soil samples for the measurement of heavy metal content were collected in spring (2014 and 2016) keywords: antioxidant; content; et al; fertilization; grain; ha-1; ms+bd; npk; soil; total; waste; wheat; yield cache: afs-63156.pdf plain text: afs-63156.txt item: #630 of 2310 id: afs-6321 author: Hyvönen, Terho; Luoto, Miska; Uotila, Pertti title: Assessment of weed establishment risk in a changing European climate date: 2012 words: 8598 flesch: 65 summary: Previous analyses of the potential effect of land use on species distribution models have indicated that land use information often significantly improves the explanatory power of models at local and regional scales (e.g. Stefa- nescu et al. 2004, Venier et al. 2004). For the present study we selected 25 weed species, rep- resenting species with southern and central European distribution patterns and different statuses as weeds, to assess weed species distribution by climate envelope modelling at European scale. keywords: change; climate; distribution; et al; land; models; species; use; weed cache: afs-6321.pdf plain text: afs-6321.txt item: #631 of 2310 id: afs-63275 author: Rajaniemi, Mari; Jokiniemi, Tapani; Alakukku, Laura; Ahokas, Jukka title: Electric energy consumption of milking process on some Finnish dairy farms date: 2017 words: 8247 flesch: 59 summary: Therefore the relative share of energy consumption in milk cooling increases with respect to water heating when the amount of milk produced increases (Peebles et al. 1994). Energy consumption of feeding, as well as the form of energy used (diesel or electricity), varies greatly between farms due to the large number of different available technologies. keywords: cooling; energy; energy consumption; farm; heat; heating; milk; milk cooling; milking; process; system; temperature; water cache: afs-63275.pdf plain text: afs-63275.txt item: #632 of 2310 id: afs-6334 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Niemi, Jarkko K. title: Protein crop production at the northern margin of farming: to boost or not to boost date: 2012 words: 17686 flesch: 63 summary: It is justified to re-enquire whether the extent and inten- sity of protein crop production are optimized, resources are used efficiently and sustainably, cropping systems are built to be resilient and whether ecological services that protein crops provide are utilized appropriately. There is an evident potential to expand protein crop production sustainably to a couple of times its current area. keywords: bean; c e; change; climate; conditions; crop; crop production; cultivation; e n; et al; european; faba; finland; food; n d; niemi; pea; peltonen; production; protein; protein crops; rapeseed; sainio; sainio et; use; yield cache: afs-6334.pdf plain text: afs-6334.txt item: #633 of 2310 id: afs-63668 author: Piikki, Kristin; Stenberg, Bo title: A modified delta yield approach for estimation of economic optimal nitrogen rate (EONR) for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) date: 2017 words: 5784 flesch: 60 summary: For reference, the range of reported errors in earlier studies was added to the plot; e.g. Øvergaard et al. (2013) reported a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1560 kg ha-1 for wheat yield predictions based on hyperspectral measurements in field trials in Norway, while Engström and Piikki (2016) reported an MAE of 1100–1600 kg ha-1 for predictions based on a handheld hyperspectral sensor in Sweden. Moreover, ∆Y experiments can potentially be used for in-season EONR estimation, in which case the accuracy of the EONR predictions depends also on the uncertainty in yield predictions made at the time of supplementary fertilisation. keywords: barley; data; eonr; fertilisation; ha-1; models; prediction; rate; trials; wheat; yield cache: afs-63668.pdf plain text: afs-63668.txt item: #634 of 2310 id: afs-63739 author: Dahlin, A Sigrun; Stenberg, Maria title: Effect of wood ash and crushed rock soil amendments on red clover growth and dinitrogen fixation date: 2017 words: 6845 flesch: 62 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE A.S. Dahlin & M. Stenberg (2017) 26: 188–197 188 Effect of wood ash and crushed rock soil amendments on red clover growth and dinitrogen fixation A. Sigrun Dahlin1 and Maria Stenberg2 1Soil and Environment, SLU, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden 2Soil and Environment, SLU, P.O. Box 234, SE-532 23 Skara, Sweden e-mail: Sigrun.Dahlin@slu.se The fertiliser effect of adding wood ash or crushed rock to a low-fertility soil, compared with an unamended control, was assessed in a pot experiment with a perennial ryegrass-red clover mixture. Effect of wood ash and crushed rock soil amendments on redclover growth and dinitrogen fixation Introduction Materials and methods Results Soil characteristics Plant growth Plant N concentrations and N fixation Plant element concentrations and offtakes Relations of plant DW and N2 fixation with soil and plant variables Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References keywords: ash; clover; concentrations; control; cut; fixation; grass; kg-1; m-2; nutrient; plant; rock; soil; wood cache: afs-63739.pdf plain text: afs-63739.txt item: #635 of 2310 id: afs-6387 author: Sabir, Ferhan K. title: Postharvest quality response of broccoli florets to combined application of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging date: 2012 words: 5348 flesch: 62 summary: A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D F O O D S C I E N C E F.K. Sabir (2012) 21: 421–429 421 Postharvest quality response of broccoli florets to combined application of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging Ferhan K. Sabir University of Selcuk, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 42075, Konya, Turkey e-mail: fkbasmaci@selcuk.edu.tr Broccoli is rich in health-promoting compounds such as ascorbic acid and glucosinolates. 1-MCP plus MAP application better performed in maintaining the quality of broccoli florets during 28-day-storage. keywords: acid; broccoli; control; florets; loss; map; mcp; postharvest; quality; storage; total cache: afs-6387.pdf plain text: afs-6387.txt item: #636 of 2310 id: afs-6389 author: Ylivainio, Kari; Peltovuori, Tommi title: Phosphorus acquisition by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at suboptimal soil temperature date: 2012 words: 6494 flesch: 61 summary: Growth was, how- ever, restored to the level of +P soil with fresh P fertilization; nevertheless, the L-value remained less than half of that found in the +P soil. Thus, the L-value may have been overestimated, because the increase in the L-value equaled the amount of added fertilizer P (49 mg l-1 vs. 50 mg l-1, Table 3), which suggested that 33P may not have reached equilibrium with soil P at the low soil temperature. keywords: 33p; barley; fertilization; growth; plant; soil; temperature cache: afs-6389.pdf plain text: afs-6389.txt item: #637 of 2310 id: afs-64207 author: Nogalska, Anna; Krzebietke, Sławomir Józef; Zalewska, Marta; Nogalski, Zenon title: The effect of meat and bone meal (MBM) on the nitrogen and phosphorus content and pH of soil date: 2017 words: 5270 flesch: 60 summary: The soil pH decreased with increasing MBM doses. The effect of increasing MBM doses: 0 (no fertilization), 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 Mg ha-1 year-1 (Table 1) was compared with that of NPK fertilizers applied in the control treatment (recommended mineral fertilizer rates for the tested crop species). keywords: doses; mbm; mineral; soil; year cache: afs-64207.pdf plain text: afs-64207.txt item: #638 of 2310 id: afs-6423 author: Nogalska, Anna; Czapla, Jerzy; Nogalski, Zenon; Skwierawska, Malgorzata; Kaszuba, Monika title: The effect of increasing doses of meat and bone meal (MBM) on maize (Zea mays L.) grown for grain date: 2012 words: 4119 flesch: 65 summary: TGW (g) Mean for treatment (g)2010 2011 2010 2011 Control NPK 7.12 5.16 6.14a 265.2 254.5 259.8ab 1.0 t MBM+K 6.25 4.79 5.52b 253.4 253.9 253.7a 1.5 t MBM+K 7.03 5.92 6.48a 263.9 257.8 260.9ab 2.0 t MBM+K 7.55 5.53 6.54a 268.9 258.3 263.6bc 2.5 t MBM+K 7.31 7.54 7.43c 273.4 267.9 270.6c Mean for years 7.05a 5.79b – 265.0a 258.5b – Over a two-year experimental period, correlations were observed between an increase in MBM doses and an in- crease in maize grain yield and 1000-grain weight, but only the lowest MBM dose decreased grain yield, in com- parison with the control treatment. Increasing MBM doses contributed to an in- crease in maize grain yield and 1000-grain weight. keywords: grain; ha-1; maize; mbm; nitrogen cache: afs-6423.pdf plain text: afs-6423.txt item: #639 of 2310 id: afs-6428 author: Båth, Klara; Persson, Karin Neil; Schnürer, Johan; Leong, Su-Iin L. title: Microbiota of an unpasteurised cellar-stored goat cheese from northern Sweden date: 2012 words: 3599 flesch: 58 summary: Two novel species were isolated from the inside of cheeses: the arctic yeast, C. statzelliae, has not previously been isolated from cheese, and may have been acquired environ- mentally; likewise, D. nepalensis, which is soil-borne, and a halotolerant spoilage agent (Kumar et al. 2008). Mycotoxins previously detected in cheeses include sterigmatocystin (most common mycotoxin in cheese, produced by Aspergillus versicolor), aflatoxins (Aspergillus flavus / Aspergillus parasiticus), ochratoxin A (Penicillium nordicum), patulin (P. griseofulvum), cyclopiazonic acid (P. camemberti, P. palitans, P. griseofulvum), roquefortine and mycophenolic acid (P. roqueforti) keywords: cellar; cheese; lab; penicillium; rind; species cache: afs-6428.pdf plain text: afs-6428.txt item: #640 of 2310 id: afs-64417 author: Ramin, Mohammad; Höjer, Annika; Hetta, Mårten title: The effects of legume seeds on the lactation performance of dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets date: 2017 words: 6989 flesch: 60 summary: This is in contrast to the study of Faldet and Satter (1991) in which reported a depression in milk protein for cows consuming the heated soybean diet compared to the soybean meal diet. The effect of dietary treatments on feed intake and nutrient consumption (kg d-1) of dairy cows Item Ration Contrasts (p) CON RSE PEA UFB TFBH TFBL SEM C vs. O R vs. O UFB vs. PEA UFB vs. TFBL UFB vs. TFBH Total DMI 18.2 19.0 19.0 18.7 18.7 18.6 0.37 0.13 0.33 0.58 0.80 0.98 Silage DMI 10.2 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.5 0.25 0.04 0.37 0.93 0.40 0.50 CP 2.90 3.55 3.44 3.35 3.32 3.15 0.072 <0.01 <0.01 0.33 0.04 0.79 NDF 7.11 7.66 6.94 7.23 7.23 7.26 0.154 0.31 <0.01 0.17 0.90 0.99 iNDF 0.980 1.148 0.828 0.835 0.887 0.953 0.0242 0.13 <0.01 0.21 0.03 0.70 OM 17.0 17.6 17.5 17.3 17.3 17.2 0.34 0.15 0.44 0.53 0.84 0.98 AAT 1.66 1.85 1.78 1.75 1.75 1.71 0.035 <0.01 <0.01 0.51 0.40 0.96 ME, MJ d-1 219 224 231 223 223 222 4.50 0.18 0.98 0.17 0.87 0.97 DMI = dry matter intake; CON = control; RSE = rapeseed expeller; UFB = field bean untreated; TFBH = field bean heat treated high level; TFBL = field bean heat treated low level; SEM = standard error of mean; C vs. O = CON vs. other diets; R vs. O = RSE vs. other diets excluding CON; CP = crude protein; NDF = neutral detergent fibre; iNDF = indigestible NDF; OM = organic matter; AAT = amino acids absorbed in the intestine or metabolizable protein, tabulated values calculated using feed tables (Tuori et al. 1996, Luke 2017); ME = metabolizable energy ECM = energy corrected milk calculated according to Sjaunja (1990); FE = feed efficiency (kg ECM) / (kg DMI); MNE = milk nitrogen efficiency (milk protein yield / 6.38) / (protein intake / 6.25); CON = control; RSE = rapeseed expeller; UFB = field bean untreated; TFBH = field bean heat treated high level; TFBL = field bean heat treated low level; SEM = standard error of mean; C vs. O = CON vs. other diets; R vs. O = RSE vs. other diets excluding CON Table 4. keywords: cows; dairy; diet; et al; field; heat; milk; production; protein; rapeseed; science cache: afs-64417.pdf plain text: afs-64417.txt item: #641 of 2310 id: afs-64945 author: Alho, Eeva title: Assessing the willingness of non-members to invest in new financial products in agricultural producer cooperatives: A choice experiment date: 2017 words: 11812 flesch: 47 summary: Preferences elicited in choice experiment studies are conditional on the design of the choice tasks. While caution is needed in the generalization of stated preferences derived from choice experiment studies to eventual outcomes, the hypothetical cooperative investment instruments presented in this study were not rejected outright in our sample of informed investors. keywords: attributes; capital; choice; class; cooperative; economics; experiment; food; instruments; investment; investors; journal; latent; model; new; preferences; respondents; return; risk cache: afs-64945.pdf plain text: afs-64945.txt item: #642 of 2310 id: afs-6510 author: Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Närvänen, Aaro; Kaseva, Janne; Jansson, Håkan title: Phosphorus and faecal bacteria in runoff from horse paddocks and their mitigation by the addition of P-sorbing materials date: 2012 words: 8314 flesch: 65 summary: The samples were kept in rain (deionised water; 21 mm h-1) for 90 min and three bottles (500 ml each) of surface runoff water collected for analysis. In earlier studies, artificial wetlands and the addition of P-sorbing materials to runoff water were tested as methods for purifying paddock runoff (Närvänen et al. 2008, Kynkääniemi et al. 2010). keywords: ca(oh)2; drp; fe2(so4)3; footing; ha-1; rainfall; runoff; sand; study; water; woodchips cache: afs-6510.pdf plain text: afs-6510.txt item: #643 of 2310 id: afs-6513 author: Uusitalo, Risto; Ekholm, Petri; Lehtoranta, Jouni; Klimeski, Aleksandar; Konstari, Olli; Lehtonen, Riku; Turtola, Eila title: Ca–Fe oxide granules as potential phosphate barrier material for critical source areas: a laboratory study of P retention and release date: 2012 words: 9795 flesch: 56 summary: Results Phosphate retention Effect of contact time on P retention by the granules in batch tests The granules showed a high P retention efficiency and rapid P retention in P solution concentrations of 1 and 10 mg l-1 (Fig. 1). It thus seems that Fe oxide–rich materials may in laboratory tests yield P:Fe ratios well above the molar ratio of 0.1 (up to about 0.3 for biogenic Fe hydroxide studied by Rentz et al. 2009) when fed with P solutions, but a P:Fe value of 0.1 would probably be close to the maximum P saturation that Fe hydroxide–rich materials can realistically achieve in field barriers where the material contacts water occasionally low in soluble P. keywords: feed; g-1; granules; incubation; loss; oxide; phosphate; pre; retention; solution; test; water cache: afs-6513.pdf plain text: afs-6513.txt item: #644 of 2310 id: afs-65149 author: Dereń, Katarzyna; Szewczyk, Antoni; Sekutowski, Tomasz Robert; Kowalska-Góralska, Monika title: The effect of the type of preparation on the deposit of copper while spraying the winter oilseed rape date: 2018 words: 4138 flesch: 61 summary: The statistical analysis of the results of the study showed a significant effect of the type of liquid used on the value of copper deposit on winter oilseed rape plants. The highest values of copper deposit from the preparation containing nanocollide particles were obtained for winter oilseed rape plants at the BBCH 12 development phase. keywords: bbch; copper; deposit; fan; mpa; nozzle; plants; pressure; rape cache: afs-65149.pdf plain text: afs-65149.txt item: #645 of 2310 id: afs-6520 author: Pesonen, Maiju; Honkavaara, Markku; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi title: Effect of breed on production, carcass traits and meat quality of Aberdeen Angus, Limousin and Aberdeen Angus×Limousin bulls offered a grass silage-grain-based diet date: 2012 words: 6941 flesch: 65 summary: In accordance with Cuvelier et al. (2006a), meat of Ab bulls had high- er lipid contents and lower protein content than that of Li bulls. In agreement with our findings, Rødbotten et al. (2002), Chambaz et al. (2006) and Cuvelier et al. (2006b) ob- served no effects on the shear force value between Ab and Li breeds. keywords: ab×li; angus; beef; breed; bulls; carcass; et al; fat; limousin; meat; quality; science cache: afs-6520.pdf plain text: afs-6520.txt item: #646 of 2310 id: afs-65247 author: Liesivaara, Petri; Meuwissen, Miranda; Myyrä, Sami title: Government spending under alternative yield risk management schemes in Finland date: 2017 words: 6678 flesch: 58 summary: Distribution of historical annual hectares lost (total and partial lost hectares per 1000 cultivated ha) in the CDC scheme and estimated annual hectares lost (hectares where losses exceed the 30% deductible level per 1000 cultivated ha) under the farm-based insurance scheme CDC scheme Farm-based insurance Mean (SD) Skewness Maximum value Mean (SD) Skewness Maximum value Barley 23.21 (59.07) 3.3684 240.15 71.47 (50.30) 0.6068 175.85 Oats 23.17 (54.61) 2.6436 185.66 90.21 (71.60) 1.3908 305.69 Winter wheat 33.95 (98.49) 3.2536 386.03 73.44 (58.17) 0.5346 184.39 Spring wheat 49.22 (135.96) 3.3706 545.72 86.59 (131.76) 2.0501 543.43 Rye 28.18 (69.86) 2.9747 264.20 83.42 (48.52) 0.3929 163.56 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE P. Liesivaara et al. (2017) 26: 223–232 230 facing, which insurance companies have a good understanding of, the demand for crop insurances may be too low, as farmers’ willingness to pay for crop insurance may be too low from point of view of insurance companies. For example, a lack of viable infrastructure (such as trained loss adjusters and product delivery systems) and sufficient data may cause major obstacles to the development of crop insurance schemes, even in developed countries (Smith and Glauber 2012). keywords: average; cdc; cdc scheme; crop; farm; government; hectares; insurance; insurance scheme; losses; scheme cache: afs-65247.pdf plain text: afs-65247.txt item: #647 of 2310 id: afs-65392 author: Mattila, Tiina E. A.; Heikkinen, Juha M.; Koivisto, Anu M.; Rautiainen, Risto H. title: Predictors for interest to change from conventional to organic horticultural production date: 2018 words: 6786 flesch: 48 summary: Organic horticulture production faces production and market risks, and seek- ing other income outside farming is one risk management strategy. These results suggest potential to increase organic production could be found particularly among smaller part-time enterprises actively seeking new crops and knowledge. keywords: agriculture; area; et al; farmers; farming; farms; horticulture; interest; model; predictors; production; variables cache: afs-65392.pdf plain text: afs-65392.txt item: #648 of 2310 id: afs-65429 author: Gaworski, Marek; Boćkowski, Michał title: Method for comparing current versus recommended housing conditions in dairy cattle production date: 2018 words: 7623 flesch: 54 summary: Tie stall housing systems on dairy farms. The concept of farm animal welfare is rooted in public concern for how animals are treated and today integrates the interests and concerns of differ- ent stakeholders, including producers, governments, the general public and, of course, the animals themselves. keywords: animal; area; barns; dairy; farms; feeding; housing; itsf; stall; systems; tie; values; welfare cache: afs-65429.pdf plain text: afs-65429.txt item: #649 of 2310 id: afs-6632 author: Huhtanen, Pekka; Jaakkola, Seija; Nousiainen, Juha title: An overview of silage research in Finland: from ensiling innovation to advances in dairy cow feeding date: 2013 words: 17673 flesch: 55 summary: Huhtanen et al. (2006b) reported a value of 0.963 for true NDS digestibility for different forages. Indeed, the rumen NDF pool has reduced with increased silage digestibility (Bosch et al. 1992, Rinne et al. 2002) despite increased SDMI. keywords: acid; animal; concentrate; concentration; cows; dairy; diets; digestibility; effects; et al; feed; fermentation; forage; grass; grass silage; huhtanen et; intake; jaakkola; journal; milk; ndf; omd; p. huhtanen; production; protein; science; science p.; silage cache: afs-6632.pdf plain text: afs-6632.txt item: #650 of 2310 id: afs-66541 author: Stoltz, Eva; Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte; Nadeau, Elisabet title: Functional divergence effects of intercropped faba bean and maize in organic production for forage increase mineral contents and reduces leaf spots date: 2018 words: 8588 flesch: 61 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Stoltz et al. (2018) 27: 110–123 110 Functional divergence effects of intercropped faba bean and maize in organic production for forage increase mineral contents and reduces leaf spots Eva Stoltz1, Ann-Charlotte Wallenhammar1 and Elisabet Nadeau2, 3 1Research & Development, Rural Economy and Agricultural Society|HS Konsult AB, Box 271, 701 45 Örebro, Sweden 2Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, 53223 Skara, Sweden 3Research & Development, Rural Economy and Agricultural Society Sjuhärad, Rådde Gård, Box 5007, 514 05 Länghem, Sweden e-mail: eva.stoltz@hush.se Multispecies cropping systems contribute to sustainable agriculture with multiple ecosystem services. The mineral nutrient LER of intercropped faba bean and maize together with their total LER are shown in Table 9. keywords: bean; concentrations; faba; faba bean; intercropping; maize; mineral; nutrients; yield cache: afs-66541.pdf plain text: afs-66541.txt item: #651 of 2310 id: afs-66719 author: Murphy, Brian; Kelly, Alan K; Prendiville, Robert title: Alternative finishing strategies for Holstein-Friesian bulls slaughtered at 15 months of age date: 2018 words: 7211 flesch: 61 summary: De Smet et al. (2000) demonstrated that increasing the energy density of the finishing ration for beef bulls, through beef tallow supplementation, resulted in greater carcass fat scores while Gillis et al. (2004) and Sutter et al. (2000) reported no difference in fat score for beef heifers and dairy bulls finished with or without RPF supplementation, respectively. Results from the present study showed that carcass fat score and perinephric and retroperitoneal fat were similar for T1 and T2. keywords: animal; beef; bulls; carcass; concentrate; dairy; et al; fat; finishing; g kg-1; kg-1 molasses; meal; pasture; weight cache: afs-66719.pdf plain text: afs-66719.txt item: #652 of 2310 id: afs-6673 author: Dewhurst, Richard title: Milk production from silage: comparison of grass, legume and maize silages and their mixtures date: 2013 words: 8991 flesch: 61 summary: Steinshamn and Thuen (2008) recorded milk yields of 22 kg day-1 when they offered diets based on grass silage with either white clover silage (0.28 of DM) or red clover silage (0.42 of DM) as sole-feed to cows in early lacta- tion (average 74 days in milk). Whilst Vanhatalo et al. (2009) confirmed the increased rumen ammonia-N when feeding red clover silage (in comparison with grass silage), they also observed higher VFA concentrations and a higher molar proportion of acetic acid. keywords: clover; clover silage; dairy; dewhurst; effect; et al; grass; grass silage; intake; maize; milk; production; red; red clover; rumen; science; silage cache: afs-6673.pdf plain text: afs-6673.txt item: #653 of 2310 id: afs-6698 author: Jatkauskas, Jonas; Vrotniakiene, Vilma; Ohlsson, Christer; Lund, Bente title: The effects of three silage inoculants on aerobic stability in grass, clover-grass, lucerne and maize silages date: 2013 words: 6250 flesch: 54 summary: Silage fermentation and aerobic stability Chemical composition, microbial parameters and aerobic stability of the untreated and treated with TA, TB, and TC additives grass and clover-grass silages are presented in Table 3. In the studies in which L.buchneri was used as an in- oculant for silage fermentation, an anaerobic degradation of moderate amounts of lactic acid to acetic acid un- der anaerobic conditions was observed (Driehuis et al. 1999). keywords: acid; kg-1; lactic; ryegrass; silage; stability cache: afs-6698.pdf plain text: afs-6698.txt item: #654 of 2310 id: afs-6699 author: Driehuis, Frank title: Silage and the safety and quality of dairy foods: a review date: 2013 words: 15283 flesch: 56 summary: The average concentration of butyric acid bacteria spores in maize silage were approximately 0.5 log10 unit lower than in grass silage and maize silages, with a high level of butyric acid bacteria spores almost absent: none of 197 tested maize silages ex- ceeded 105 spores g-1 and only 0.5% exceeded 104 spores g-1 (Table 2). Furthermore, surveys in Europe and United States of America have shown a high inci- dence of DON in maize silages (see next section) and the average and range of DON concentrations are similar in maize silage and unfermented maize products used as feed ingredient (Dänicke et al. 2000). keywords: acid; bacillus; bacteria; coli; concentrations; contamination; dairy; don; driehuis; driehuis et; et al; food; grass; growth; journal; maize; maize silage; milk; monocytogenes; mycotoxins; products; science; silage; species; spores cache: afs-6699.pdf plain text: afs-6699.txt item: #655 of 2310 id: afs-6700 author: Latsch, Roy; Sauter, Joachim title: Comparison of methods for determining the density of grass silage date: 2013 words: 2558 flesch: 65 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE R. Latsch & J. Sauter (2013) 22: 189–193 189 Comparison of methods for determining the density of grass silage Roy Latsch1 and Joachim Sauter1 1Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART, Tänikon 1, 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland e-mail: roy.latsch@art.admin.ch In practice the only way to determine the bulk density of grass silage is to measure and weigh silage blocks. Silage blocks cut by a tractor-mounted block cut- ter are used to determine compaction as they are easy to extract, weigh and measure. keywords: block; cylinder; density; drilling; silage; silo cache: afs-6700.pdf plain text: afs-6700.txt item: #656 of 2310 id: afs-6702 author: Misselbrook, Tom; Del Prado, Agustin; Chadwick, David title: Opportunities for reducing environmental emissions from forage-based dairy farms date: 2013 words: 11660 flesch: 49 summary: For medium and extensive systems, enteric CH4 was reduced through a higher starch to fibre concentration in the diet (e.g. Beauchemin et al. 2008, Cottle et al. 2011), but soil N2O emissions were increased mainly caused by the replace- ment of grass with forage maize and the changes in manure application rates and timing. Wall et al. (2010) discuss the use of genetic selection tools for breeding schemes with the aims of improving productivity and efficiency and, potentially, selecting for inherently low CH4 emitting animals, although it is important that this selection is on the basis of multiple traits including feed efficiency, particularly for predominantly forage-fed animals, and yield to ensure that gains are realised as reduced emissions per unit product. keywords: ammonia; animal; application; dairy; emissions; environmental; et al; farm; fertiliser; grass; grazing; journal; livestock; losses; management; manure; misselbrook; mitigation; n2o; nh3; potential; production; science; slurry; soil; use; water cache: afs-6702.pdf plain text: afs-6702.txt item: #657 of 2310 id: afs-6703 author: Pesonen, Maiju; Honkavaara, Markku; Kämäräinen, Helena; Tolonen, Tiina; Jaakkola, Mari; Virtanen, Vesa; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi title: Effects of concentrate level and rapeseed meal supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and valuable cuts of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered grass silage-barley-based rations date: 2013 words: 15669 flesch: 69 summary: The three feed- ing trials comprised in total 48 purebred Hf bulls (Hf dams sired by Hf bulls) and 48 purebred Ch bulls (Ch dams sired by Ch bulls) in order that there were 32 bulls per trial. The target for average carcass weight in the experiment was 380 kg for Hf bulls and 420 kg for Ch bulls which are nowadays the average slaugh- ter weights for Hf and Ch bulls in Finland (Huuskonen et al. 2012). keywords: beef; bulls; carcass; concentrate; effects; et al; fatty; grass; kg-1; level; meat; proportion; rsm; science; silage; supplementation cache: afs-6703.pdf plain text: afs-6703.txt item: #658 of 2310 id: afs-6705 author: Orosz, Szilvia; Wilkinson, John Michael; Wigley, Simon; Bíró, Zsolt; Galló, Judit title: Microbial status, aerobic stability and fermentation of maize silage sealed with an oxygen barrier film or standard polyethylene film date: 2013 words: 4771 flesch: 58 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE S. Orosz et al. (2013) 22: 182–188 182 Microbial status, aerobic stability and fermentation of maize silage sealed with an oxygen barrier film or standard polyethylene film Szilvia Orosz1, John M. Wilkinson2, Simon Wigley 3, Zsolt Bíró4 and Judit Galló4 1 Szent István University, Department of Nutrition, H-2100 Gödöllő, POB 3, Hungary 2 School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK 3 Bruno Rimini Ltd., 309 Ballards Lane, London N12 8NP, UK 4 Szent István University, Institute of Wildlife Conservation, H-2100 Gödöllő, POB 3, Hungary e-mail: Orosz.Szilvia@mkk.szie.hu An experiment was conducted to compare a bunker silo sealing system comprising an oxygen barrier film (OB: 45μm thickness) with protective woven polypropylene with one comprising standard black polyethylene film (S, 125μm thickness) with protective tyres. Key words: maize silage, oxygen barrier film, fermentation, moulds, aerobic stability Introduction Many factors can affect the deterioration and loss of nutrients during the conservation and feed-out of silage, in- cluding crop maturity, the use of additive, particle size, rate of silo filling, packing density, type of plastic sealing and the fermentation profile of the ensiled material (Johnson et al. 2002, Holmes and Bolsen 2009). keywords: acid; film; maize; oxygen; sealing; silage; silo; stability; system cache: afs-6705.pdf plain text: afs-6705.txt item: #659 of 2310 id: afs-6709 author: Boever, Johan De; Dupon, Elien; Wambacq, Eva; Latré, Joos title: The effect of a mixture of Lactobacillus strains on silage quality and nutritive value of grass harvested at four growth stages and ensiled for two periods date: 2013 words: 7822 flesch: 61 summary: The quality of grass silage depends to a large extent on the growth stage of the grass at harvest, the weather conditions during field wilting and the ensiling practices. The objective of this study was to examine if the above-mentioned aims are reached by investigating the effects of the inoculant on the fermentation characteristics, the chemical composition, the in situ rumen degradability and in vitro digestibility of grass silage. keywords: content; control; effect; ensiling; grass; growth; inoculant; ndf; silage; stage cache: afs-6709.pdf plain text: afs-6709.txt item: #660 of 2310 id: afs-6710 author: McEniry, Joseph; O'Kiely, Padraig title: The estimated nutritive value of three common grassland species at three primary growth harvest dates following ensiling and fractionation of press-cake date: 2013 words: 4371 flesch: 54 summary: Two of the main management factors affecting herbage quality and nutritive value are herbage species and stage of maturity at harvest. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. McEniry and P. O’Kiely (2013) 22: 194–200 196 Results Harvest date and species (herbage pre-ensiling) On average for the herbage samples pre-ensiling, DMD decreased (p<0.01) with advancing harvest date, with herbage CP concentration being highest (p<0.001) for the early harvest date (Harvest 1, May 12) (Tables 1 and 3). keywords: cake; clover; ensiling; fraction; fractionation; harvest; herbage; press; red; species cache: afs-6710.pdf plain text: afs-6710.txt item: #661 of 2310 id: afs-6711 author: Wambacq, Eva; Latré, Joos Pieter; Haesaert, Geert title: The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri inoculation on the aerobic stability and fermentation characteristics of alfalfa-ryegrass, red clover and maize silage date: 2013 words: 6796 flesch: 58 summary: Since L. buchneri is a slow-growing bacterial species, the pH might drop slowly in L. buchneri inoculated silage, allowing enterobacteria more time for protein breakdown, possibly resulting in elevated ammonia levels and higher ammonia nitrogen fraction (Driehuis et al. 2001). Ammonia contents were systematically higher in L. buchneri inoculated silage for all three silage types, but this was confirmed statistically only in the alfalfa-ryegrass silage. keywords: acid; alfalfa; buchneri; clover; dosage; maize; red; ryegrass; silage cache: afs-6711.pdf plain text: afs-6711.txt item: #662 of 2310 id: afs-6715 author: Koehler, Brigitte; Diepolder, Michael; Ostertag, Johannes; Thurner, Stefan; Spiekers, Hubert title: Dry matter losses of grass, lucerne and maize silages in bunker silos date: 2013 words: 3269 flesch: 63 summary: According to the applied method for determining DM losses on farm scale, a guideline of 8% can be suggested for maximum DM losses in bunker silos for grass and maize silages. The method of determining DM losses was the total-in versus total-out DM mass flow of the silos, including the determination of DM content and other silage parameters via manual sampling. keywords: feed; grass; losses; maize; silages; silos cache: afs-6715.pdf plain text: afs-6715.txt item: #663 of 2310 id: afs-6717 author: Muck, Richard; Weinberg, Zwi G.; Contreras-Govea, Francisco E. title: Silage extracts used to study the mode of action of silage inoculants in ruminants date: 2013 words: 5079 flesch: 59 summary: Key words: inoculant, in vitro fermentation, silage, microbial biomass yield, gas production Introduction Microbial silage inoculants are additives used to improve silage fermentation (Muck and Kung 1997). Therefore, three different crops harvested separately were inoculated with a specific strain of LP that has usually shown a positive effect on silage fermentation and animal performance (Kung et al. 2003). keywords: ethanol; extracts; fermentation; lucerne; maize; mby; silage cache: afs-6717.pdf plain text: afs-6717.txt item: #664 of 2310 id: afs-6718 author: Muck, Richard title: Recent advances in silage microbiology date: 2013 words: 10337 flesch: 54 summary: Silage inoculants are widely available, but of greater interest has been research investigating why inoculants are so successful. The survival of silage inoculant lactic acid bacteria in rumen fluid. keywords: acid; bacteria; ensiling; et al; fermentation; inoculants; lactic; lactobacillus; maize; microbiology; muck; pcr; science; silage; species; strains; techniques cache: afs-6718.pdf plain text: afs-6718.txt item: #665 of 2310 id: afs-6739 author: Gerlach, Katrin; Roß, Fabian; Weiß, Kirsten; Büscher, Wolfgang; Südekum, Karl-Heinz title: Changes in maize silage fermentation products during aerobic deterioration and effects on dry matter intake by goats date: 2013 words: 8936 flesch: 60 summary: Factors affect- ing the intake of grass silage by cattle and prediction of silage intake. Preference when expressed as DM intake was negatively correlated to silage temperature (as difference to ambient), ethanol and ethyl lactate. keywords: acid; days; deterioration; dmi; et al; exposure; intake; kg-1; matter; n.d; preference; science; silage; temperature; trials cache: afs-6739.pdf plain text: afs-6739.txt item: #666 of 2310 id: afs-67673 author: Lehtonen, Heikki Sakari; Niemi, Jyrki Sakari title: Effects of reducing EU agricultural support payments on production and farm income in Finland date: 2018 words: 8006 flesch: 53 summary: Boulanger and Philippidis (2015) found very small effects on agricultural production resulting from large EU farm budget cuts (–50%) in the EU 28, as well as in several member states. The support should not provide primary incentives for agricultural production and necessary farm investments. keywords: beef; cap; farm; finland; lehtonen; milk; model; payments; policy; prices; production; support cache: afs-67673.pdf plain text: afs-67673.txt item: #667 of 2310 id: afs-67703 author: Uusitalo, Risto; Suojala-Ahlfors, Terhi; Kivijärvi, Pirjo; Hurme, Timo title: Yield responses to P fertilisation of onion (Allium cepa L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group L.) in Finland date: 2018 words: 6898 flesch: 61 summary: Critical soil test P concentra- tions for vegetables should be established to avoid unnecessary build-up of soil P that may be uneconomical and elevate the risk for P losses to waterways. Different STP methods may give very dissimi- lar results and correlate poorly with each other (Neyroud & Lischer 2003), especially when comparing a method that extracts a small fraction of soil P (P intensity-responsive methods, such as water-extractable P or the Finnish PAc method) to one that uses more aggressive extractants (e.g. P quantity-responsive ammonium lactate used in Norway and Sweden). keywords: applications; cabbage; ha-1; mikkeli; onion; piikkiö; responses; soil; stp; yield cache: afs-67703.pdf plain text: afs-67703.txt item: #668 of 2310 id: afs-67704 author: Pecoraro, Francesco; Giannini, Marta; Beccari, Giovanni; Covarelli, Lorenzo; Filippini, Gianfranco; Pisi, Annamaria; Nipoti, Paola; Prodi, Antonio title: Comparative studies about fungal colonization and deoxynivalenol translocation in barley plants inoculated at the base with Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium pseudograminearum date: 2018 words: 6960 flesch: 55 summary: DNA species-specific loci were amplified by primers: C51ENDF F (5’-AACTGAATTGATCGCAAGC-3’) and C51ENDF R (5’-CCCTTCTTACGCCAATCTC-3’) (Covarelli et al. 2012) for F. culmorum; Fg16N F (5’-ACAGATGACAAGATTCAG- GCACA-3’) and Fg16N R (5’-CTTTGACATCTGTTCAACCCA-3’ (Nicholson et al. 1998) for F. graminearum; Fptri3e F (5’-CAAGTTTGATCCAGGGTAATCC-3’) and Fptri3e R (5’-GCTGTTTCTCTTAGTCTTCCTCA-3’) Recently, several studies (Mudge et al. 2006, Covarelli et al. 2012, Winter et al. 2013, Moretti et al. 2014, Beccari et al. 2018) investigated the colonization process of different Fusarium species and their possible systemic movement along soft and durum wheat plants after stem base inoculation. keywords: barley; base; culmorum; don; et al; fc820; fcr; food; fusarium; graminearum; head; plant; pseudograminearum; segment; stem; wheat cache: afs-67704.pdf plain text: afs-67704.txt item: #669 of 2310 id: afs-6773 author: Jaakkola, Elina; Tattari, Sirkka; Ekholm, Petri; Pietola, Liisa; Posch, Maximilian; Bärlund, Ilona title: Simulated effects of gypsum amendment on phosphorus losses from agricultural soils date: 2012 words: 9805 flesch: 61 summary: Other laboratory experiments have also shown that gypsum affects < 2 µm sized aggregates, probably by decreas- ing so-called diffuse erosion (see Aura et al. 2006) that may take place when the soil is wet (e.g., when soil frost has melted and released water to the soil) and small clay particles can be transported by Brownian motion from aggregates to soil water. Soil P status (soil test P, or STP) was analysed through extraction of P with a solution of 0.5 M ammonium acetate and 0.5 M acetic acid at pH 4.65 (Vuorinen a Mäkitie 1955). keywords: amendment; et al; field; flow; gypsum; icecream; losses; macropore; model; phosphorus; soil; surface; water cache: afs-6773.pdf plain text: afs-6773.txt item: #670 of 2310 id: afs-67837 author: Seppänen, Mervi M; Ebrahimi, Nashmin; Kontturi, Juha; Hartikainen, Helinä; Lopez Heras, Isabel; Cámara, Carmen; Madrid, Yolanda title: Dynamics of selenium uptake and metabolism of organic selenium species in the leaves and seeds of Brassica napus L. date: 2018 words: 8313 flesch: 54 summary: The total Se concentration in the shoots found for the SoilVI/LeafIV treatment 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 225000 250000 CP S Time/min 6 hours 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 225000 250000 CP S Time/min 7 days 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 225000 250000 CP S Time/min 14 days a) c) b) Se (VI) SeMet MeSeCys Se (VI) SeMet Se (IV) MeSeCys Se (VI) SeMet Se (IV) Fig. The recovery (R %) was calculated by ratio of the sum of Se species to the total Se obtained by the acid digestion method. keywords: accumulation; application; brassica; et al; napus; plant; selenium; semet; sevi; smt; soil; soilvi; species cache: afs-67837.pdf plain text: afs-67837.txt item: #671 of 2310 id: afs-67840 author: Januskaitiene, Irena; Žaltauskaitė, Jūratė; Dikšaitytė, Austra; Sujetovienė, Gintarė; Miškelytė, Diana; Kacienė, Giedrė; Sakalauskienė, Sandra; Miliauskienė, Jurga; Juknys, Romualdas title: Interspecific competition changes photosynthetic and oxidative stress response of barley and barnyard grass to elevated CO2 and temperature date: 2018 words: 10400 flesch: 52 summary: While in the warmed climate and under competition conditions opposite re- sults were detected: a higher water use efficiency, a higher photosynthetic performance, a lower dissipated energy flux and a lower antioxidant enzymes activity were detected for barnyard grass plants. The increase in photosynthetic rate matched up the increased water use efficiency, higher photosynthetic performance and lower dissipated energy of barnyard grass plants grown under the warmed climate conditions and interspecific competition, compared to the current climate and competition effect (Figs. 2 and 3). keywords: activity; barley; barley barnyard; barnyard; barnyard grass; climate; climate conditions; co2; competition; conditions; crop; et al; fig; grass; grass barley; interspecific; mix; n.s; p<0.05; plants; science; temperature cache: afs-67840.pdf plain text: afs-67840.txt item: #672 of 2310 id: afs-6830 author: Kirkkala, Teija; Ventelä, Anne-Mari; Tarvainen, Marjo title: Fosfilt filters in an agricultural catchment: a long-term field-scale date: 2012 words: 6304 flesch: 66 summary: The middle layer of the filter consisted of separate layers of sand and Fosfilt-s. The lowest layer of the filter was made of gravel and included perforated collection pipes, with the goal of percolating water downwards through different types of filter layers. Outflow rate (Q) and concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and nutrients in inflow and outflow of filter F1. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 28 .1 0. 19 95 11 .3 .1 99 7 24 .7 .1 99 8 6. 12 .1 99 9 19 .4 .2 00 1 1. 9. 20 02 14 keywords: concentrations; filter; fosfilt; removal; water cache: afs-6830.pdf plain text: afs-6830.txt item: #673 of 2310 id: afs-6831 author: Ekholm, Petri; Valkama, Pasi; Jaakkola, Elina; Kiirikki, Mikko; Lahti, Kirsti; Pietola, Liisa title: Gypsum amendment of soils reduces phosphorus losses in an agricultural catchment date: 2012 words: 8898 flesch: 63 summary: By contrast, soil test P remained at the pre-gypsum level (mean 41 mg l−1). In clayey catchments discharging into the sea, gypsum may provide an efficient means to reduce P losses from field cultivation. keywords: amendment; catchment; et al; finland; gypsum; gypsum amendment; losses; nummenpää; particulate; runoff; so4; soil; total; turbidity cache: afs-6831.pdf plain text: afs-6831.txt item: #674 of 2310 id: afs-6832 author: Iho, Antti; Laukkanen, Marita title: Gypsum amendment as a means to reduce agricultural phosphorus loading: an economic appraisal date: 2012 words: 14707 flesch: 58 summary: In addition to its biophysi- cal effects, its impact on farm profits and interaction with another key phosphorus load reduction measure – the adjustment of fertilizer application and, gradually, soil phosphorus levels to crop need – should be accounted for when assessing economic feasibility. Hence, these loads can be mitigated by depleting soil phosphorus levels; the process may, however, come at the expense of crop yields and farm income and take decades if initial soil phosphorus levels are high. keywords: amendment; drp t; field; finland; gypsum; gypsum amendment; l t; level; load; loading; phosphorus; s t; soil; stp; t t; x t cache: afs-6832.pdf plain text: afs-6832.txt item: #675 of 2310 id: afs-6852 author: Keady, Tim; Hanrahan, Seamus; Marley, Christina; Scollan, Nigel David title: Production and utilization of ensiled forages by beef cattle, dairy cows, pregnant ewes and finishing lambs - A review date: 2013 words: 18505 flesch: 64 summary: Conclusions It is concluded that evidence from Ireland and UK show that in relation to grass silage digestibility is the most im- portant factor influencing feed-value and consequently the performance of animals offered grass silage based diets. Digestibility is the most important factor influencing the feed value of grass silage and consequently animal performance. keywords: animal; beef; cattle; concentrate; d-1; digestibility; effects; ensiling; et al; feed; forage; grass silage; herbage; keady; keady et; kg-1; maize; performance; science; silage; t.w.j; value cache: afs-6852.pdf plain text: afs-6852.txt item: #676 of 2310 id: afs-6870 author: Turtola, Eila; Chardon, Wim J. title: Preface date: 2012 words: 1038 flesch: 37 summary: Field application of gypsum was further investigated for the economic aspects of its use, as compared with other P mitigation measures, by Iho and Laukkanen. The review of Klimeski et al. presents principles of dissolved P trapping from runoff with dif- ferent types of materials and methodological aspects to be considered while estimating their potential. keywords: methods; water cache: afs-6870.pdf plain text: afs-6870.txt item: #677 of 2310 id: afs-68870 author: Alexandersson, Erik; Keinänen, Markku; Chawade, Aakash; Himanen, Kristiina title: Nordic research infrastructures for plant phenotyping date: 2018 words: 7046 flesch: 42 summary: The recent establishment of plant facilities has opened new possibilities for collaboration between the Nordic countries but also internationally. Survey results from Nordic plant research facilities collected 2017 Name of facility PhenoDyn: Drought spotter and Planteye Frederiksberg facilities at University of Copenhagen Phenolab Taasterup at University of Copenhagen Greenhouse Taasterup, University of Copenhagen RERAF - Risø Environmental Risk Assessment facility Controlled Environment Facility for Plant Research The Centre for Plant Research in Controlled Climate (SKP) Climate laboratory Holt The biotron at SLU Alnarp UPSC Growth facility DEEP Plant Growth Facility Growing facilities at SLU Uppsala NaPPI small plant unit, in Viikki Plant Growth Facilities NaPPI large plant unit, in ViGoR facilities Host institution Food Science, Aarhus University PLEN, University of Copenhagen PLEN, University of Copenhagen PLEN, University of Copenhagen Inst for Env engineering, Technical University of Denmark Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) UiT The Arctic University of Norway LTV faculty, SLU Alnarp Umeå Plant Science Centre Stockholm University NJ faculty, SLU Uppsala University of Helsinki, Finland University of Helsinki, Finland Type of facility Phenotyping and controlled environment Controlled environment in greenhouses Phenotyping and controlled environment Greenhouse with controlled climate Controlled environment Controlled environment Controlled environment, test fields Controlled environment And test fields Controlled environment Phenotyping and controlled environment Phenotyping and controlled environment Phenotyping and controlled environment Small plant phenotyping controlled environment Large plant phenotyping monitored environment Year constructed 2012-2015 1972-1984-1996 2015 2013 1993, upgraded 2003 1973 1995-2017 1978 2016 2002/2008 2015/2016 2010-2012 2016 2016 Type and number of chambers/ units, size of units 6 climate chambers, 6 full scale greenhouse cells 15 chambers 117 fixtures/ plants 12 compartments (50m2) 6 identical chambers are available (4 *6*3.1m) 16 artifical environments (10m2). keywords: chambers; climate; crop; data; environment; et al; facilities; field; growth; imaging; phenomics; phenotyping; plant; research; researchers; traits; university cache: afs-68870.pdf plain text: afs-68870.txt item: #678 of 2310 id: afs-68967 author: Nogalska, Anna; Skwierawska, Małgorzata; Załuszniewska, Aleksandra title: Effect of meat and bone meal (MBM) and Bacillus subtilis on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and white mustard biomass date: 2018 words: 6072 flesch: 59 summary: Despite the fact that the highest white mustard yields were achieved in the above treatments, Nmin was not efficiently utilized by white mustard plants. The concentrations of both macronutrients in white mus- tard plants increased with increasing MBM rates. keywords: content; mbm; mustard; rate; soil; subtilis; treatment; white cache: afs-68967.pdf plain text: afs-68967.txt item: #679 of 2310 id: afs-69057 author: Dzomba, Emir; Djikic, Mirha; Gadzo, Drena; Cengic-Dzomba, Senada; Loncaric, Zdenko; Singh, Bal Ram title: Effect of different doses and application methods of sodium selenate on selenium status in maize for silage date: 2018 words: 5886 flesch: 47 summary: For these reasons values of selenium plant content, TSeA and RESe in Se20 treatment in 2015 were higher than in 2014 (Tables 4 and 5). Only Se20 treatment in the second year resulted in plants selenium concentrations raising above threshold. keywords: agricultural; application; content; et al; foliar; food; ha-1; maize; plants; selenate; selenium; selenium content; soil cache: afs-69057.pdf plain text: afs-69057.txt item: #680 of 2310 id: afs-69096 author: Borawska-Jarmułowicz, Barbara title: Relationships between different morphological traits of panicles and seeds of Dactylis glomerata L. varieties date: 2018 words: 6058 flesch: 61 summary: Seed traits were recorded using a binocular and digitized images of seeds were analyzed applying microscopy Soft Imaging System GmbH analysis (Germany). Seed traits keywords: branches; dactylis; glomerata; order; panicle; seed; traits; varieties; weight; year cache: afs-69096.pdf plain text: afs-69096.txt item: #681 of 2310 id: afs-69116 author: Mäe, Andres; Sooväli, Pille; Põllumaa, Lee title: Ramularia collo-cygni: a new pathogen spreading in barley fields in Estonia date: 2018 words: 5526 flesch: 62 summary: In summary, the impact and role of external inoculum on distribution of RLS was shown by detecting Rcc DNA on asymptomatic leaves of winter barley plant sown from uninfected seeds. Varying amounts of Rcc DNA (500–0.005 pg) were spiked into a fixed amount of plant DNA (100 ng) and the mixture was used as a template in the PCR assay. keywords: barley; collo; cygni; dna; et al; havis; infection; leaves; pcr; ramularia; rcc cache: afs-69116.pdf plain text: afs-69116.txt item: #682 of 2310 id: afs-6957 author: Sarria, Patricia; Martens, Siriwan D. title: The voluntary intake in growing pigs of four ensiled forage species date: 2013 words: 3491 flesch: 58 summary: The consumption of the pigs on the Control diet (890 g DM kg-1 FM) was not significantly different from those on the C. argentea and C. ternatea silage diets, which had half of the DM content. In conclusion, C. argentea and C. ternatea silages have the potential to serve as feed supplement in pig diets. keywords: acid; argentea; consumption; control; diet; forage; kg-1; pigs; silage; ternatea cache: afs-6957.pdf plain text: afs-6957.txt item: #683 of 2310 id: afs-69641 author: Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice, Asta; Tripolskaja, Liudmila; Volungevicius, Jonas; Baksiene, Eugenija title: Impact of land use change on organic carbon sequestration in Arenosol date: 2019 words: 6025 flesch: 51 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE A. Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice et al. (2019) 28: 9–17 9 Impact of land use change on organic carbon sequestration in Arenosol Asta Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice1, Liudmila Tripolskaja1, Jonas Volungevicius2 and Eugenija Baksiene1 1Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Voke Branch, Lithuania 2Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Lithuania e-mail: asta.kaz@gmail.com Conversion of arable soils into other land uses can stabilize and increase accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and in addition prevent deterioration in its properties. Dynamics of soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon in Robina pseudoacacia forests. keywords: accumulation; biomass; carbon; grassland; ha-1; horizon; land; sequestration; site; soc; soil; use; years cache: afs-69641.pdf plain text: afs-69641.txt item: #684 of 2310 id: afs-69772 author: Kudinov, Andrei A.; Juga, Jarmo; Mäntysaari, Esa A.; Strandén, Ismo; Saksa, Ekaterina I.; Smaragdov, Michael G.; Uimari, Pekka title: Developing a genetic evaluation system for milk traits in Russian black and white dairy cattle date: 2018 words: 5233 flesch: 62 summary: The small observed over estimation of milk yield trend in the FLM model and no difference with fat and protein yield trends in comparison to the MLM model can be caused by model and data limitations. Repeatabili- ties were 0.34 for milk yield and 0.31 for both fat and protein yields. keywords: breeding; cows; data; fat; lactation; milk; protein; records; yield cache: afs-69772.pdf plain text: afs-69772.txt item: #685 of 2310 id: afs-69777 author: Smaragdov, Michael Grigorievich; Kudinov, Andrei Andreivich; Uimari, Pekka title: Assessing the genetic differentiation of Holstein cattle herds in the Leningrad region using Fst statistics date: 2018 words: 4213 flesch: 62 summary: Negative Fst values were reported in our study, and based on Equation 2 and a simple simulation (Table 3) we show that there is a limit value depending on proportion of shared genetics after which negative of Fst values can be expected. The pairwise Hudson’s estimator of Fst values between 13 herds varied from 0.002 to 0.015, which is less than values usually obtained between dairy cattle breeds (> 0.1). keywords: cattle; cows; fst; herds; pairwise; sample; table; values cache: afs-69777.pdf plain text: afs-69777.txt item: #686 of 2310 id: afs-69781 author: Mustonen, Eeva Arja; Tuori, Mikko; Kurki, Päivi; Isolahti, Mika; Taponen, Juhani; Vanhatalo, Aila title: Variety, time of harvest and conditions during growing season have impact on red clover isoflavone content date: 2018 words: 5029 flesch: 59 summary: Red clover varieties differ significantly in isoflavone content, which means that genotype has an impact on isoflavone content (Kallela et al. 1988, Sivesind et al. 2005, Tsao et al. 2006, Saviranta et al. 2008, Bernes et al. 2017). Receptor binding and transactivation activities of red clover isoflavones and their metabolites. keywords: clover; concentrations; content; et al; food; formononetin; harvest; isoflavone; journal; milk; red; science; varieties; variety; year cache: afs-69781.pdf plain text: afs-69781.txt item: #687 of 2310 id: afs-70030 author: Puhakainen, Tuula title: Acknowledgements date: 2018 words: 138 flesch: -71 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Puhakainen (2018) 27: 84 84 Heini Ahtiainen Bartolomeu Alvarenga Kyösti Arovuori Han Asard Matteo Barbari Ullalena Boström William Campbell Ilker Celen Adam Figiel Mariusz Florek Bente Foereid Charles Francis Christian Gazzarin Tim Guinee Helena Hansson Trond Haraldsen Jarkko Hellström Arto Huuskonen Xavier Irz Sirkka Jaakkola Ivan Jauregui Anders Johansen Jukka Kivelä Eugen Kokin Maaria Kortesniemi Poppe Krijn Timo Leino Marja Maljanen Esa Manninen Tarja Niemelä Graham Matthews Arja Nykänen Edward O’Riordan Antti Pasila Maiju Pesonen Astrid Poelman Cezary Purwin Antonios Rezitis Hugh Riley Marketta Rinne Bengt-Ove Rustas Beata Rutkowska Rune Rødbotten Peter Scharf Klaus Sieling Timo Sipiläinen Håvard Steinshamn Jørn Sørensen Barbro Ulén Carlos Velasco Acknowledgements Agricultural and Food Science expresses its sincere thanks to the following referees for their constructive critical reviews of one or more manuscripts during the year 2017. keywords: food; science cache: afs-70030.pdf plain text: afs-70030.txt item: #688 of 2310 id: afs-70074 author: Jarasiunas, Gintaras; Corbelle-Rico, Eduardo J.; Kanianska, Radoslava title: Effective natural handicap criteria application for productive and sustainable agricultural land-use management in Lithuania date: 2018 words: 6806 flesch: 51 summary: al. (2018) 27: 206–216 208 Five of the eight possible biophysical criteria for the delimitation of areas facing natural constraints included in Annex III of EC Regulation 1305/2013 have been selected by Lithuanian authorities for the definition of the non- mountainous areas with natural constraints for the new Rural Development period (Art 33.3 of the proposed regulation on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) 2014–2020, COM(2011) 627 final/3): temperature, soil texture, soil drainage, chemical properties (soil acidity) and terrain-slope; the three non-selected criteria being dryness, excess soil moisture, and shallow rooting depth. Land productivity in Lithuania is determined by the systematic units of soil typological groups, soil texture, condition of soil reclamation, agrochemical prop- erties (pH value, content of phosphorus and potassium), soil stoniness, soil cover diversity and agro-climatic con- ditions. keywords: areas; criteria; drainage; et al; farm; land; lfas; lithuania; region; science; soil; texture; variables; yield cache: afs-70074.pdf plain text: afs-70074.txt item: #689 of 2310 id: afs-70110 author: Epie, Kenedy E.; Santanen, Arja; Mäkelä, Pirjo S.A.; Stoddard, Frederick title: Fertilizer and intercropped legumes as nitrogen source for Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tops for bioenergy date: 2018 words: 4522 flesch: 58 summary: In both experiments, Jerusalem artichoke crop yields were highly variable between replicates as well as between treatments, in line with previous studies (Denoroy 1996). Clone precocity and the use of Helianthus tuberosus L. stems for bioethanol. keywords: artichoke; biomass; crop; energy; fertilizer; ha-1; helianthus; jerusalem; jerusalem artichoke; legumes; yield cache: afs-70110.pdf plain text: afs-70110.txt item: #690 of 2310 id: afs-70291 author: Piechowiak, Tomasz; Antos, Piotr; Kosowski, Patryk; Skrobacz, Karol; Józefczyk, Radosław; Balawejder, Maciej title: Impact of ozonation process on the microbiological and antioxidant status of raspberry (Rubus ideaeus L.) fruit during storage at room temperature date: 2019 words: 6882 flesch: 52 summary: The procedure of fruit storage in the ozone enriched atmosphere resulted in inhibition of the growth of aerobic bacteria, which is indicated by statistically 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∙ 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 ∙ 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ∙ 1000 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀 ∙ 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Piechowiak et al. (2019) 28: 35–44 39 significant lower count of colony forming units on the ozonated fruit compared to control fruit during the whole period of the storage experiment (p<0.05). [hours] ozone control AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Piechowiak et al. (2019) 28: 35–44 42 According to the state-of-the-art, phenolic compounds degradation during fruit storage is a result of enzymatic reactions resulting from the action of oxidoreductase enzymes mainly the polyphenol oxidase. keywords: antioxidant; content; control; fruit; hours; impact; ozonation; ozone; storage; total; vitamin cache: afs-70291.pdf plain text: afs-70291.txt item: #691 of 2310 id: afs-70408 author: Epie, Kenedy E; Artigas, Olga M.; Santanen, Arja; Mäkelä, Pirjo S.A.; Stoddard, Frederick L. title: Cultivating forage maize for biomass and bioenergy in a sub-boreal climate date: 2018 words: 5991 flesch: 62 summary: The cultivar differ- ence in whole plant biomass yield was significant only in the late harvest, perhaps indicating that the sensitivity of cultivars to loss of biomass due to late-season chilling differed. Future research to test the survivability of a wide range of maize cultivars in high latitudes should be encouraged as this study was limited to only eight cultivars. keywords: ash; bioenergy; biomass; composition; content; crop; cultivars; harvest; lignin; maize; plant; production; soil; stalk; yield cache: afs-70408.pdf plain text: afs-70408.txt item: #692 of 2310 id: afs-70460 author: Juozapaitienė, Gintarė; Dikšaitytė, Austra; Sujetovienė, Gintarė; Aleinikovienė, Jūratė; Juknys, Romualdas title: Aboveground and below-ground carbon allocation of summer rape under elevated CO2 and air temperature date: 2019 words: 5892 flesch: 51 summary: While plant stem carbon (r=−0.72, p< 0.05), stem biomass (r=−0.7, p<0.05), leaf biomass (r=−0.74, p<0.05) increased, soil carbon significantly decreased. The differences are certainly critical in the eventual deposition of plant carbon into soil carbon pools and can be used to select crop varie- ties with superior carbon sequestration potential (Mathew et al. 2017). keywords: ambient; biomass; carbon; climate; co2; conditions; elevated; et al; etc; leaf; p<0.05; plant; soil; soil carbon; temperature cache: afs-70460.pdf plain text: afs-70460.txt item: #693 of 2310 id: afs-70780 author: Khazaei, Hamid; Mäkelä, Pirjo S.A.; Stoddard, Frederick L. title: Ion beam irradiation mutagenesis in rye (Secale cereale L.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) date: 2018 words: 3727 flesch: 61 summary: We tested ion beam irradiation with nitrogen ions at six different fluencies (5×105, 1×106, 5×106, 1×107, 5×107, and 1×108 N-ion cm-2) on dry grains. We conclude that ion beam irradiation is an effective tool for mutation breeding of diverse crop species when the ap- propriate dose is defined. keywords: beam; bean; et al; faba; irradiation; mutation; plant; rye cache: afs-70780.pdf plain text: afs-70780.txt item: #694 of 2310 id: afs-70934 author: Rybarczyk, Artur; Moroch, Robert; Polasik, Daniel title: The effect of DanAvl Duroc and Pulawska boars in crossbred with DanAvl Hybrid on meat quality of finishing pigs date: 2018 words: 6632 flesch: 60 summary: To sum up, the obtained results indicate that both DanAvl Duroc and Pulawska boars may be used for crossbreeding with DanAvl Hybrid sows when it comes to the production of high quality meat. Poorer quality of Pulawska pigs meat found in these studies may be related to the aforementioned high frequency of T-allele of RYR1 gene in this breed, which is known to be responsible for the formation of poor meat quality - PSE (pale, soft, exudative). keywords: boars; breed; danavl; duroc; et al; fatteners; meat; pigs; pulawska; quality cache: afs-70934.pdf plain text: afs-70934.txt item: #695 of 2310 id: afs-70971 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju title: Effects of replacing different proportions of barley grain by rye grain on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls date: 2018 words: 4859 flesch: 58 summary: It can be concluded that rye grain is a suitable energy supplement with good quality silage for growing dairy bulls. Overall, the present experiment indicate that the addition of 150–450 g kg-1 DM of rye grain to concentrate mixtures for growing and finishing dairy bulls does not influence DM intake or gain compared to barley based concentrate. keywords: bulls; carcass; dairy; experiment; feed; feeding; intake; kg-1; rye; silage cache: afs-70971.pdf plain text: afs-70971.txt item: #696 of 2310 id: afs-71165 author: Vainikainen, Viljo title: Kaarlo Toivo Terho date: 1945 words: 2695 flesch: 38 summary: Terhoa kohtaan ja kulkee turvallisin ja luottamuksellisin tuntein sitä tietä, jonka prof. Vaikka sanottu kosketus ja Saksan opintomatka monessa suhteessa avarsikin Terhon näkemystä tutkijana, kuten hän itse myö- hemmin monesti myönsi, ei hän kuitenkaan saanut sieltä odotta- maansa tukea yksilövalinnan tehostamista ja sonnien jälkeläisarvos- telujen tutkimusta koskeville suunnitelmilleen. keywords: alkaen; der; että; hat; huomio; hän; jotka; julkaisuja; kaarlo; kun; kuten; lisäksi; maatalouskoetoiminnan; oli; olivat; ollut; ovat; perusteella; prof; sekä; sen; siis; siitä; sonnien; suomen; terho; toivo; tämä; valtion; varsin cache: afs-71165.pdf plain text: afs-71165.txt item: #697 of 2310 id: afs-71166 author: Vainikainen, Viljo title: On the heritability of supernumerary nipples in Finnish home-bred sheep date: 1945 words: 2830 flesch: 58 summary: 25- o 10x-8 20 -o -8 25 -o 8 x - 15 25 -o Bx-10 30 -o 20 > -1 25 -o 10 x-8 20 -o -X-8 25 -o Bx-15M 25- o 15x-6 25- o 20x -12 30-o10 x-15 25 -o 10 x - 15 25 -o 12 x - 3 25-o 15X-6 25-o x-12 30-o 10x-15 25-o 10x-15 25 - o 12x-10 25 -o lOx-12 31 -o 23-S 25 - o Lox-10 25 -o 13 X - 3 25 -o -1 25 -o 10 x-12 33 -o Bx-8 25 -o 2x-10 25-023x-4 25 -o -X-4 20 -o 20X-15 23 -o 20x-l 25 -o 25x-10 25-o 14X-13 25 -o 20X-14 20-O 20X-15M 23-o 20 x-125-o 20 x-725-o 14/-13 25-o 20 X - 14 M 20 -o 25X-10 25 -o 15 -4 30 -o 20 -8 25 -o 15X-3 25 - o 15 x - 20 20 -o 25x-10 25 -o läx-4 30 -o 4x-8 25- o 12x-3 25 -o 15 x-20 M 30- o lOx-15 30- o 4X-15 30- o 15 > -7 25-o 13 -20 25 - o 15x-10 30-O 10X-15M 30-O 4-15 30-o 15 x-7 25-o 13 - 17 M 2ö-o 20X-15 14 VILJO VAINIKAINEN ON THE HERITABILITY OF SUPERNUMERARY NIPPLES 15 ned further, attention was called to the fact that there was conside- rable variation in the size of the supernumerary nipples, as had been the case also in the preliminary experiments at Selkee. https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=luPRMnxeAbn--315.bXLpDO2b3QSi7T305lKKnA.AJ_cFtb_kdmsciP22iTLaDWLtmTQbgRvx4tnm9r9U9dQBRzYv9xVx6h2XHAsNMGi851qNx6n_AIkxvCdZCr1ERgaEK5DWj5IvrFJSkMZdyuTE7Jhrvucf8herdI_4sIclmW3569XaDl0KrhNeOu8DCS9mEW0OqDxn2907zTLyA 12 VILJO VAINIKAINEN sition to supernumerary nipples decidedly heritable. keywords: experiments; nipples; supernumerary cache: afs-71166.pdf plain text: afs-71166.txt item: #698 of 2310 id: afs-71167 author: Paloheimo, Lauri title: Determination of total quantity of cell wall constituents in foods and feeds date: 1945 words: 600 flesch: 57 summary: Total of cell wall Cmdefibrconstituents by the Weende > the writer s ~ ~ method) meth°d ) % of dry matter Spruce wood 90.9 73.8 Birch wood 90.8 59.5 Cork 85.1 22.3 Peat litter 85.1 42.9 Rye straw 82.1 51.1 Oat straw 73.8 47.0 Oat hulls 71.0 34.1 Rye chaff 66.8 34.3 Timothy hay 62.1 32.8 Timothy grass, pasture stage 50.3 22.6 Red clover leaves 30.7 18.2 Wheat bran 21.5 9.1 Spinach 18.0 9.9 Mushrooms (Boletus bulbosus) 17.2 11.5 Cabbage, head, without stem 14.0 12.fi Carrots ' 12.8 10.0 Rutabagas (Br. napus napobrassica), peeled . . The remainder after the treating with acid consists of organic cell wall constituents together with some protein and ash. keywords: cell; method; wall cache: afs-71167.pdf plain text: afs-71167.txt item: #699 of 2310 id: afs-71168 author: Kivinen, Erkki title: Viljelyskelpoisen maan levinneisyydestä suomessa date: 1945 words: 1974 flesch: 60 summary: Koska kuitenkin on ollut välttämätöntä saada ainakin summit- tainen selvitys viljelyskelpoisesta maasta mahdollisimman pian, on vuoden 1944 lopussa ja 1945 alussa eri kunnissa kutsuttu kuntaa tuntevia henkilöitä neuvottelukokouksiin, joissa on koetettu luette- loida kaikki aikaisemmin tutkimuksen ulkopuolelle jääneet kunnan alueella tavattavat viljelyskelpoiset alueet. Silloin voi tietenkin tulla muutoksia puoleen ja toiseen. keywords: eri; että; land; läänin; maan; maata; sekä; suomen; suomessa; suota; viljelyskelpoisen cache: afs-71168.pdf plain text: afs-71168.txt item: #700 of 2310 id: afs-71169 author: Pohjakallio, Onni title: Über einige ökologische Eigenschaften von Wiesenschwingelstämmen date: 1945 words: 3649 flesch: 62 summary: Die Abhängigkeit der Ertragsmenge des Wiesenschwingels von den Feuchtigkeits- verhältnissen des Sommeranfangs. Die untersuchten Wiesenschwingel waren der frühe und der späte von Svalöf (Schweden), der von Tammisto (Pflanzenzüchtungs- anstalt Tammisto der Zentralgenossenschaft Hankkija, Finnland) und Tabelle 2. keywords: als; auch; auf; dass; den; der; des; die; hat; ist; jahren; sind; svalöf; tabelle; tammisto; und; von; war; wiesenschwingel; wiesenschwingelstämme cache: afs-71169.pdf plain text: afs-71169.txt item: #701 of 2310 id: afs-71170 author: Mäki, Antti title: Rehujen jalostusarvolaskelmista date: 1945 words: 6269 flesch: 33 summary: 48 ANTTI MÄKI Jalostusarvolaskelma voidaan laatia hyvin monella eri tavalk riippuen siitä, mikä asetetaan laskelman tarkoitukseksi, mitä tuotto ja kustannuseriä laskelmaan sisällytetään ja miten ne käsitellään Erilaisia menetelmiä käyttäen saadaan myös erilaiset lopputulokset joita voidaan verrata ainoastaan vastaavalla laskumenetelmällä saa tuihin tuloksiin ja käyttää ainoastaan laskumenetelmän edellyttä miin tarkoituksiin. Tosin on jo varhain kiinnitetty huomiota eri rehujen suhteelliseen arvoon ja esitetty vaatimuksia väkevyyden ja w.lkuaismäärän huomioon ottamiseksi jalostusarvolaskelmissa (4). keywords: ainoastaan; antti; der; die; edellä; eri; että; futtermittel; huomioon; jalostusarvo; jalostusarvolaskelman; jalostushinta; joka; jossa; karjatalouden; kohden; koko; koska; kotoisten; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; käytetty; käyttää; laskea; lasketaan; lypsykarjan; maanviljelysseuran; maatalouden; muiden; mukaan; myös; mäki; nanneson; niiden; ole; olisi; perusteella; pidettävä; pitää; rakennuksen; rehuille; rehuja; rehujen; saadaan; sekä; sen; siten; sitä; suhteessa; tai; tapauksessa; tuloksia; tulosten; tuotosta; und; voidaan; werden cache: afs-71170.pdf plain text: afs-71170.txt item: #702 of 2310 id: afs-71171 author: Juusela, Taneli title: Einige Beobachtungen über das messen der Bodentemperatur bei Anwendung von Thermoelementen date: 1945 words: 3166 flesch: 57 summary: = Temperaturunterschied, 1 = Ablesung des Amperemeters und a ein Koeffizient, der die durch einen Temperatur- unterschied von einem Grad verursachte Ablesung angibt. Die Temperaturen (°C) an den verschiedenen Messpunkten der Versuchsserit mit abgeschnittenem Bleimantel und der von der Wärmeübertragung herrührende Fehler i |Tiefe Temperatur Fehler Temperatur Fehler Temperatur Fehler Nummer i cm 2. 7. 1941 um 21 Uhr 9. 7. 1941 um 21 Uhr 30. keywords: abweichungen; bei; bodentemperatur; das; dass; den; der; des; die; fehler; ist; kabel; mit; tabelle; temperatur; und; von; werden; wurde cache: afs-71171.pdf plain text: afs-71171.txt item: #703 of 2310 id: afs-71172 author: Pihkala, K. U. title: Laskelmia maanviljelyksen taloudellisista edellytyksistä sotavuosina date: 1945 words: 6570 flesch: 67 summary: Sokerijuurikkaiden tuotanto on Suomen Raakasokeritehtaan antamien tietojen mukaan ollut v. 1941/42 35 450 to, v. 1942/43 47 491 to, 1943/44 45 678 to ja v. 1944/45 46 500 to. kg ja v. 1943/44 300 milj. keywords: 1940/41; arvioitu; arvo; että; hinta; kg milj; kg mk; kohden; ksi; kuin; kulutus; kuten; käytetty; laskettu; luku; maatalouden; milj; mukaan; mutta; määrä; ole; oli; otettu; pihkala; price; sekä; taloudellisista; tuotanto; vain; value; vuoden; vuonna cache: afs-71172.pdf plain text: afs-71172.txt item: #704 of 2310 id: afs-71173 author: Kananoja, Paavo title: Työnmenekistä lehdesten teossa sekä lepän ja koivun lehtien kokoomuksesta ja rehuarvosta date: 1945 words: 5074 flesch: 62 summary: Taulukossa 4 vertaillaan tehollisen työajan menekkiä haasioiden ja kerppujen teossa samaa lehdesmäärää kohti. Haasioiden teossa kului työaikaa vastaavaa lehdesmäärää kohti n. 30 % vähemmän ja kerppujen latoon vienninkin huomioonottaen n. 40 % vähemmän kuin kerppujen .teossa. keywords: aineen; bunches; että; fodder; haasia; haasioiden; kajanoja; kerppua; kerppujen; kohti; koivun; kokoomus; kuin; kuiva; laalahti; leaf; lehdesten; lehdet; lehdissä; lehtien; lehtiä; leppä; lepän; lisäksi; min; mukaan; mustialassa; myös; oli; olisi; ollut; ovat; paavo; sekä; taulukko; teossa; tämän cache: afs-71173.pdf plain text: afs-71173.txt item: #705 of 2310 id: afs-71174 author: Pohjakallio, Onni title: Über das Verhältnis zwischen frühreife und Ertragsfähigkeit beim Hafer date: 1945 words: 2831 flesch: 56 summary: Auf Grund der so erhaltenen Versuchsergebnisse wurde eine Korrelationstabelle aufgestellt, in der die X-Achse die Reifezeit in Intervallen von 3 Oberflächeneinheit auch an der Menge des Kornertrages recht merklich beteiligt sein kann, wobei die Ertrags- menge mehr oder weniger von der Reifezeit der Sorte abhängig bleibt. keywords: als; auf; dass; den; der; des; die; eine; ergiebigkeit; guldregn; hafersorten; ist; mit; reifezeit; sind; und; von; zwischen cache: afs-71174.pdf plain text: afs-71174.txt item: #706 of 2310 id: afs-71175 author: Kivinen, Erkki title: Evert August Malm date: 1945 words: 2007 flesch: 44 summary: Varmaankin moni Malmin luokse asialle mennyt muistaa tavanneensa hänet tutkimassa jotakin äsken ilmestynyttä aikakauskirjaa tai teosta, ja hänen työ- pöydältään tiesi aina löytävänsä viimeksi ilmestyneet suoviljelystä koskevat julkaisut. Tällainen suunnitelma saatiinkin tämän vuosisadan alussa käyntiin, ja sen mukaisesti suoritettiin suotutkimuksia paitsi Kainuussa ja Lapissa myös valtakunnan etelä- ja lounaisosissa. keywords: aina; august; der; erittäin; erityisesti; että; evert; finnischen; hän; hänen; lisäksi; maanviljelysneuvos; malm; malmin; myös; oli; pmy; sekä; soiden; suomen; suoviljelysyhdistyksen; tämän; tässä; und cache: afs-71175.pdf plain text: afs-71175.txt item: #707 of 2310 id: afs-71176 author: Poijärvi, Ilmari title: Nuorten emakkojen ja leikkojen lisäkasvukyky toisiinsa verrattuna date: 1945 words: 2386 flesch: 56 summary: Hänen esittämiensä tietojen perusteella voidaan laskea, että Åstorpin koeasemalla on vv. 1923-27 teurastettujen leikkojen keskipaino ollut 93.4 kg ja emakkojen 92.5 kg. Eläimet tulevat koeasemalle tavallisimmin 7—9 viikon vanhoina ja 14—20 kg:n painoisina. keywords: der; die; eläimet; emakkojen; eri; että; kokeissa; kuin; kun; leikkojen; niin; ollut; ovat; perusteella; sen; siis; sikakantoja; tulokseen; und; viikon cache: afs-71176.pdf plain text: afs-71176.txt item: #708 of 2310 id: afs-71177 author: Valle, Otto; Mali, Liisa title: Öljypellavan viljelyn alkutaipaleelta suomessa: Vuonna 1942 tuotetun siemenen laatu date: 1945 words: 3327 flesch: 58 summary: Maahamme myöhään keväällä 1941 Petsamon kautta saapuneesta argentiinalaisesta öljy- pellavasta, joka oli hankittu varsinaisesti öljynpuristukseen, päätet- tiin varata kevään 1942 sopimusviljelytoimintaan 300 000 kg, jolla määrällä olisi voitu kylvää n. 3000 ha. Maamme ollessa parhaillaan sodassa ei öljypellavan viljelyn käyntiin saattaminen keväällä 1912 ollut helppoa, ja viljelijöitäkin oli vaikea saada, kun aivan uusi viljelyskasvi oli kysymyksessä. Kun öljypellava oli vil- jelyskasvina oloissamme uusi ja kun sotatilanteen takia työvoimasta oli ankara puute, ei korjuu- ja puintitöitä sekä siemensadon käsitte- lyä suoritettu aina sellaisella huolella kuin olisi ollut tarpeellista. keywords: että; itävyys; keskim; kosteus; kuin; kun; kylvösiemeneksi; mvs; myös; määrä; oli; olleet; ollut; ovat; paino; puhtaus; siemenen; suomessa; tikkurilan; tuotetun; vain; valle; viljelyn; vuoden; öljypellavan cache: afs-71177.pdf plain text: afs-71177.txt item: #709 of 2310 id: afs-71178 author: Martimo, Erik title: Suomalaisen hunajan ominaisuuksista ja alkuperästä date: 1945 words: 3033 flesch: 57 summary: Tulokset osoittavat, että suomalaisen hunajan pH-arvo on suhteel- lisen alhainen ja että sen reaktio vaihtelee melko vähässä määrin. Suomalaisen hunajan ominaispaino ja vesipitoisuus. keywords: der; des; die; erittäin; että; für; hunajan; keskim; lebensmittel; mukaan; oli; ollut; ominaispaino; sekä; suomalaisen; und; untersuchung; vesipitoisuus; voidaan; vuoden; zeitschr; über cache: afs-71178.pdf plain text: afs-71178.txt item: #710 of 2310 id: afs-71179 author: Toimittaja, Toimittaja title: Yliopiston maatalouskirjaston uushankinnat v. 1945 date: 1945 words: 6203 flesch: 78 summary: 192 s. 178 Wei ss ber g, E. E., Pamjatka mezdril'sciku. 28 s. 181 Metsätalous. keywords: den; der; die; erip; från; för; hfors; hki; kbhvn; keskusliiton; med; moskva; och; pain; porvoo; sthlm; suomen; svenska; särtr; uppl; uppsala; utg; vuosikirja cache: afs-71179.pdf plain text: afs-71179.txt item: #711 of 2310 id: afs-71180 author: Salonen, Martti title: Kalkituksen vaikutuksista maaperän orgaaniseen ja helppoliukoiseen fosforiin date: 1946 words: 3764 flesch: 57 summary: Yleinen käsitys näyttää olevan, että kalkituksen liukoista fosforihappoa lisäävä vaikutus johtuu sen ferri- ja aluminiumfosfaatteja hydrolysoivasta ominai- suudesta. 2 %, ja on syytä arvioida analyysi virheet suuremmiksi. keywords: aitosavi; clay; eri; että; ferrija; fosforin; harvest; joka; kalkituksen; kasvatus; kasvien; kuin; maan; maata; mutta; myös; olisi; orgaanisen; ovat; phosphorus; soil; suuri; table cache: afs-71180.pdf plain text: afs-71180.txt item: #712 of 2310 id: afs-71181 author: Vuorinen, Jouko title: Koekenttien maaperän epätasaisuudesta date: 1946 words: 3089 flesch: 65 summary: Luonteenomaista kentälle on, että se kummassakin päässä (I, II ja VII, VIII) on löyhää, hietamaista, mutta keskellä (III—VI) tiivistä ja kovaa, hiesumaista. Kasvinviljelyskokeiden suorittaminen on niin paljon työtä ja kustannuksia vaativaa tutkimustoimintaa ja sen tulokset maanviljelykselle niin tärkeitä, että tarkan maaperätutkimuksen suorittaminen kaikilla koekentillä on kasvinviljelys- kokeiden tarkoituksenmukaisuuden ja onnistumisen tärkein edellytys. keywords: eri; esitetty; että; hyvin; jouko; koekentän; kuin; maaperän; mutta; myös; määrä; oli; pohjamaan; sato; sekä; soil; test; vii cache: afs-71181.pdf plain text: afs-71181.txt item: #713 of 2310 id: afs-71182 author: Jamalainen, E. A. title: The significance of potato virus diseases in Finland date: 1946 words: 6345 flesch: 55 summary: Due to the cold climate and short period of growth prevailing in our country the qualifications for the increase of aphids spreading potato virus diseases anywhere in Finland and especially in the central and northern parts of the country are evidently smaller than in the more southern countries, and, accordingly, the possibilities of the spreading of virus diseases are also smaller. At the Department of Plant Pathology potato virus diseases have been cont- inuously observed, and it has been verified that especially in potatoes brought from foreign countries virus diseases occur plentifully, e.g. in 1945, when the Depart- ment carried out experiments with a number of potato varieties obtained from Sweden. keywords: countries; country; cultivation; että; experiment; finland; information; myzodes; ovat; parts; persicae; perunan; plant; potato; potato virus; potatoes; seed; significance; solanum; station; varieties; virus diseases; virustautien cache: afs-71182.pdf plain text: afs-71182.txt item: #714 of 2310 id: afs-71183 author: Lonka, T. title: Dry period and milk yield date: 1946 words: 8186 flesch: 58 summary: When the dry periods are corrected by means of the correction factors given in Table 4 to correspond to the year long calving interval the following mean lengths of dry periods are obtained: Sequence of dry period I II m IV v D. P., days 50.8 66.2 65.0 68.3 64,7 The relation between dry period milk yield among Finnish Ayrshire cattle has been studied in this investigation. keywords: calving interval; correlation; cows; days; effect; factors; lactation curve; lactation period; lactation yield; lactations; length; milk yield; period cache: afs-71183.pdf plain text: afs-71183.txt item: #715 of 2310 id: afs-71184 author: Vainikainen, Viljo title: Eräitä näkökohtia perinnöllisten tekijäin vaikutuksesta nautakarjan hedelmällisyyteen date: 1946 words: 6807 flesch: 60 summary: % ja 0.09 %. Hammond (12), Fels (9), Zondek (54) ja Butenandt (5) ovat tutkimuksillaan osoittaneet, että hormonit vaikuttavat hedel- mällisyyteen edullisesti. keywords: antaneiden; ayrshire; birth; cattle; cows; der; die; east; että; finnish; hedelmällisyyteen; i.s.k; ilmenee; jotka; kaksosia; kaksosten; kertaa; kpl; kuin; kun; l.s.k; lehmien; lehmiä; lisäksi; mahoja; mukaan; myös; nautakarjan; number; ole; olleet; ollut; ovat; pairs; sekä; syntyneiden; tai; twins; tämän; und; vaikutus; viljo; yliaikaisia; über cache: afs-71184.pdf plain text: afs-71184.txt item: #716 of 2310 id: afs-71185 author: Salonen, Martti title: Suolalisäyksen vaikutuksesta maan reaktioon date: 1946 words: 4550 flesch: 77 summary: Läpi valunut vesimäärä on merkitty abskissalle mrmeinä ja pH on merkitty ordinaatalle. Jatkamalla käsittelyä voidaan saada kaikki H-ionit vaihtu- maan metallikationeihin ja maan neutraaliksi tai emäksiseksikin (1). keywords: että; kci; kuin; läpi; maan; maata; myös; nähdään; peat; siitä; soil; water cache: afs-71185.pdf plain text: afs-71185.txt item: #717 of 2310 id: afs-71186 author: Pulkki, L. H.; Puutula, K. title: Distribution of thiamin (Vitamin B1) and fat in wheat grain date: 1946 words: 4893 flesch: 66 summary: Analytical data are given of milling products and a series of flours of a commer- cial mill which was obtained by mixing mill streams in an order according to the ascending ash content. On following the mutual relations of the ash, thiamin, and fat contents in Table 111 it is seen that they are not congruent with each other in every phase. keywords: ash; ash content; bran; cent; content; fat; flour; grain; thiamin; thiamin content; wheat cache: afs-71186.pdf plain text: afs-71186.txt item: #718 of 2310 id: afs-71187 author: Toimittaja, Toimittaja title: Yliopiston maatalouskirjaston uushankinnat Tammi—Syysk. 1946: Valikoima date: 1946 words: 6250 flesch: 82 summary: s. —»—- Pastinakk. 2. pain, [Hki] 1946. 29 s. (Monist.) 1 raa e n, A. E., & Storen, Kr., Landbrukets mikrobiologi 2. utg. keywords: för; hki; kbhvn; london; med; moskva; och; oslo; pain; porvoo; s. a.; s. s; sthlm; suomen; udg; utg cache: afs-71187.pdf plain text: afs-71187.txt item: #719 of 2310 id: afs-71188 author: Vuorinen, Jouko title: Maaperän humuksen määrittämisestä date: 1946 words: 5232 flesch: 62 summary: 3. 1-n K 2Cr2 07 on liian heikko hapetin, ja sillä maaperän humusta poltettaessa saadut C-pitoisuudet ovat vain noin 9/10 2-n K 2 Cr2 07 :n antamista. Edellämainittu erotus vastaa samansuuruisen 0.1-n bikromaattimaärän kulutusta ja 1 ml sitä taas vastaa 0.3 mg hiiltä. keywords: että; humuksen; humus; hyvin; kmno; kuin; kulunut; käytetty; liekillä; liian; maan; maaperän; menetelmällä; min; mukaan; mutta; määrä; noin; ollut; ovat; pitoisuus; saatu; soil; taulukossa; tämä; vain; vastaa cache: afs-71188.pdf plain text: afs-71188.txt item: #720 of 2310 id: afs-71189 author: Pihkala, K. U. title: Maankäyttölajien luokittelujen ja määritelmien yhtenäistämisestä date: 1946 words: 5957 flesch: 50 summary: Pelto on viljeltyä aluetta, jota säännöllisissä oloissa uudistuvasti muokataan ja lannoitetaan ja jossa viljellään peltokasveja tai tilapäisesti puutarha- Viljelty maa jakaantuu useaan alaryhmään (kasvitarha, pelto, niitty, suo- viljelys ja nevaniitty), mutta jakokirjoissa on pinta-alaticdot yhdistetty siten, että pelto käsittää myös kasvitarhan ja suoviljelyksen ja toisena ryhmänä on niitty, 1 Tässä tarkoituksessa määräsi maanmittaushallitus v. 1934 professori Pekka Kokkosen sel- vittelemään kysymystä tiluslajeista ja niiden jyvittämisestä. keywords: ala; alueet; eri; esim; että; jos; jotka; kasvitarha; katsotaan; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; laidun; land; luetaan; luonnonniitty; lähinnä; maankäyttölajien; metsämaa; mukaan; mutta; myös; määritelmien; niiden; niitty; nimitystä; ole; oleva; oli; olisi; ovat; pelloksi; pellon; pelto; pinta; puuja; raivattu; ryhmään; sekä; sen; siihen; siitä; suomen; tai; tilastossa; tähän; varten; viljelty; viljelyskelpoinen; voidaan; vuoksi cache: afs-71189.pdf plain text: afs-71189.txt item: #721 of 2310 id: afs-71190 author: Jamalainen, E. A. title: Über die Resistenz der in Finnland anzubauenden Getreiderosten gegen Weizensteinbrand und Haferflugbrand date: 1946 words: 1778 flesch: 63 summary: Die Versuche umfassten damals auch einige aus der Pflanzenzüchtungsabteilung der Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchsanstalt in Jokioinen sowie aus der Pflanzenzüchtungsanstalt Tammisto von Hankkija erhaltene Som- merweizenlinien, von denen sich der Sommerweizen Kimmo (Linie 05910) als beachtlich widerstandsfähig gegen Steinbrand erwies. Die Steinbrandversuche mit Sommerweizensorten. keywords: aurore; bei; den; der; diamant; die; finnland; hopea; und; von cache: afs-71190.pdf plain text: afs-71190.txt item: #722 of 2310 id: afs-71191 author: Vainikainen, Viljo title: Cross-breeding Finnish sheep with Schwartzkopf rams date: 1946 words: 5769 flesch: 60 summary: For this reason as also owing to the present channels of Finnish sheep breeding aimed at fur production, there seems no necessity to continue schwartzkopf-crossings. Except for hereditary qualities, the weak wool-production of Finnish sheep is also due to some outside factors. keywords: average; breeding; cross; ewes; finnish; offsprings; production; sheep; wool cache: afs-71191.pdf plain text: afs-71191.txt item: #723 of 2310 id: afs-71192 author: Martimo, Erik title: The shape of the egg and its inheritability date: 1946 words: 6706 flesch: 74 summary: Memoir 31, 1920. (6) Curtis, M. R., A biometrical study of egg production in the domestic fowl IV. F. W., A biometrical study of egg production in the domestic fowl HI. keywords: average; egg; eggs; hens; index; oviduct; production; shape; size; uterus cache: afs-71192.pdf plain text: afs-71192.txt item: #724 of 2310 id: afs-71193 author: Salonen, Martti title: Eri uuttomenetelmlen vertailua helppoliukoisen fosforihapon esiintymissuhteiden selvittämisessä etelä-poh janmaan kasvinviljelyskoeaseman koekentällä date: 1946 words: 5540 flesch: 56 summary: Siinä on varrellinen, var- sinainen mittakauha, jonka tilavuus on 10 ml, ja sen päälle asetettava, suppilolla varustettu ja irroitettava apuholkki. 7. Phosphoric acid dissolved by the asetate buffer method kg/ha P. 85ERI UUTTOMENETELMIEN VERTAILUA FOSFORIHAPON SELVITTÄMISESSÄ MARTTI SALONEN86 muunnos oli seuraava; 5 ml maata (mitattu erityisellä mittakauhalla) ja 30 ml 0.025 n. CH3COOH pantiin 100 ml:n pulloon ja ravistettiin hyvin sekaisin. keywords: acid; clay; die; eri; että; fosfaattien; fosforihapon; hyvin; kevyt; kuin; kun; kuva; layer; light; luvut; maan; menetelmällä; menetelmän; method; mukaan; mutta; myös; nähdään; ole; ovat; pohjam; saadut; sen; siinä; soil; subsoil; truogin; tässä; uuttosuhteessa; vuoksi cache: afs-71193.pdf plain text: afs-71193.txt item: #725 of 2310 id: afs-71194 author: Saukko, Pentti title: Viljelyskasvien vedenkestämiskyvystä date: 1946 words: 5912 flesch: 51 summary: Yliveden sattumisaikaan nähden tällöin tehdyt havainnot täydentävät varsin sopivasti KAiTERAn ja kirjoittajan aikaisempia tutkimuksia, ja eri tutki- mukset muodostavat kokonaisuutena eräänlaisen havaintosarjan, jonka perus- teella voidaan tehdä päätelmiä viljelyskasviemme vedenkestämiskyvystä ja synty- neen vesivahingon laadusta kasvukauden eri aikoina. korkeudella 138.53 ja Nuasjärvellä kaustyöt suoritettiin yleisesti aikana 20.—c a (VR piirroksessa 1) oli Pirtti järvellä 138.13 (vert. keywords: aikana; der; des; die; edellä; eri; että; havainnot; jolloin; jonkin; jotka; kauran; kesäkuun; korkeudella; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; mainittakoon; myös; ohran; ole; oli; olivat; ollessa; ollut; osoittaa; ovat; pentti; pirttijärven; rukiin; saukko; sekä; siis; suunnilleen; tuhoutumisraja; tulvan; tähkän; tämä; tässä; vahinkoraja; vastaa; vastaavat; vedenkestämiskyvystä; verraten; vielä; viii; viljelyskasvien; voidaan; vrk; vuoksi; yliveden cache: afs-71194.pdf plain text: afs-71194.txt item: #726 of 2310 id: afs-71195 author: Pihkala, Rurik title: Maatalouden tulo Valter Lindbergin tutkimuksessa "Suomen kansantulo vuosina 1926-1938" date: 1946 words: 2579 flesch: 55 summary: Tämä kaava voidaan johtaa myös sellaiseen muotoon, että kansantaloudelli- nen tulo (EV) on = palvelusväelle maksetut palkat ja yrittäjäperheen arvioitu palkka, siis yleensä palkat ja tähän lisättynä verot ja puhdastuotto. » Maatalouden ja sen sivuelinkeinojen kokonaistuottoa laskettaessa tri Lindberg on laskenut kasvinviljelyn kokonaistuottoa määrittäessään sadon määrät ja arvot ottaen perustaksi maataloustilaston viralliset sato- ja pinta-alatiedot vuosilta 1926—1938, tehden niihin kuitenkin eräitä välttämättömiä oikaisuja. keywords: arvo; der; että; hevostyön; huomioon; joka; jos; kansantaloudellinen; kun; laskettaessa; lindberg; maatalouden; mutta; ole; olisi; ovat; pois; suomen; tri; tulo; tuotto; tämä cache: afs-71195.pdf plain text: afs-71195.txt item: #727 of 2310 id: afs-71226 author: Kanervo, Veikko title: Yrjö Armas Hukkinen date: 1947 words: 2387 flesch: 44 summary: Kukkinen ryhtyi tarmokkaisiin toimenpiteisiin, ja tuloksena oli työn- nettävä »Puhuri»-pölytin , joka oh entisiä käsi- Tutkimukset tuhoeläinten esiintymisestä ja biologiasta muodostivat vankan pohjan tuholaisten torjuntaa ja kasvinsuojelua koskeville tutkimuksille ja käytän- nölliselle torjuntatyölle, jotka olivat prof. keywords: aikak; als; armas; der; die; esiintymisestä; finnlands; hukkisen; hän; hänen; kanssa; kukkinen; maatalous; oli; prof; sekä; suomen; suoritti; thysanopteren; tiedonantoja; tämän; und; yhdessä; yrjö; über cache: afs-71226.pdf plain text: afs-71226.txt item: #728 of 2310 id: afs-71227 author: Korkman, Nils title: On the inheritance of female sterility in cattle date: 1947 words: 2754 flesch: 59 summary: For this reason the cows within the separate herds were divided into age groups, cows born in the years 1916—18 being referred to one group, those born 1919—21 to another etc., always maintaining a range of 3 years. Gregory, Regan and Mead (5) show than in mate- rial investigated by them, sterility is more frequent in cows with a higher inbreeding coefficient than in cows with a lower one, and the same authors (Mead, Gregory and Regan (10)) further establish that by inbreeding to certain sires, the daughters have a greater tendency to sterility than cases in which there was outbreeding. keywords: age; cows; differences; groups; herds; sires; sterility; variance cache: afs-71227.pdf plain text: afs-71227.txt item: #729 of 2310 id: afs-71228 author: Poijärvi, Ilmari title: Die Übereinstimmung der berechneten und der wirklichen mengen verdaulichen Rohproteins in der Fütterung von Milchkühen date: 1947 words: 6583 flesch: 52 summary: Die Zuverlässigkeit der Berechnungsweise , die sich auf die durchschnittlichen Proteingehalte der Futtermittel und auf die durchschnittlichen Verdauungskoeffizienten des Proteins gründet. Derartige Versuche hätten die vor- liegende Frage nicht besonders beleuchtet, teils darum, weil namentlich die Ver- daulichkeit von Heu in den verschiedenen Fällen sehr stark wechselt, teils aus dem Grunde, dass unter den Verhältnissen der Praxis die Kühe fast immer mit mehreren Futtermitteln gefüttert werden. keywords: als; auch; auf; aus; bei; dass; den; der; des; die; futter; futtermittel; futterration; grund; haferstroh; hat; ist; kg aiv; kg hafer; kg heu; kg turnips; man; menge; nicht; nur; rohproteins; sich; sind; tabelle; timothy; und; verdaulichen; verdauungskoeffizienten; von; ölkuchengemenge cache: afs-71228.pdf plain text: afs-71228.txt item: #730 of 2310 id: afs-71229 author: Linnasalmi, Annikki title: On the control of cucumber scab (Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell. & Arth.) date: 1947 words: 1989 flesch: 54 summary: Copper lime sprays and sulphur dusts had a slightly preventing effect on scab. According to the reports annually received by the Department of Plant Pathol- ogy at the Agricultural Experiment Station as well as on the basis of the observ- ations made by the officials of the Department on the garden plantings all over the country Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell. & Arth., the cause of the c u c u m- ber scab, is the most common and injurious pathogenic fungus met in field cultivations of cucumber in Finland. keywords: cladosporium; copper; cucumber; disease; experiments; lime; scab; solution; tikkurila cache: afs-71229.pdf plain text: afs-71229.txt item: #731 of 2310 id: afs-71230 author: Lonka, T. title: Can the relation between fat and protein in milk be changed by selective breeding date: 1947 words: 6394 flesch: 54 summary: Protein percentage Protein in grams per kg. Milk protein is a valuable, and in some cases a necessary, nutrient for both human beings and animals. keywords: basis; breeding; cows; fat; material; milk; milk protein; milk yield; percentages; production; protein content; protein percentage; results cache: afs-71230.pdf plain text: afs-71230.txt item: #732 of 2310 id: afs-71231 author: Hilli, Aarne title: Hormonivalmisteiden vaikutuksesta rikkaruohoihin ja hyötykasveihin date: 1947 words: 6344 flesch: 58 summary: Agroxone-pölytettä käytettiin 1 kg ruudulle (200 kg/ha) ja 0,1 % Dow Weed Killer-ruiskutetta 7,5 litraa ruudulle (1500 litr./ha). On the left side a healthy WildRadish, on the right side a Wild Radish (Raphanus rap h a- nist r u m) withered owing to hormone application. 25HORMONIVALMISTEIDEN VAIKUTUKSESTA RIKKARUOHOIHIN AARNE HI LEI H erne-o h ra- kaura-viha n tarehun rikkaruohojen tor juniako e. Kokeessa selvitettiin hormonivalmisteiden (Agroxone-pölyte 200 kg/ha ja ruiskutteiden Baver 2, 4 D, 2% (1200 litr./ha), Bayer 2,4 D, 4% (1200 litr/ha), 2—4 Dow Weed Killer (0,1%, 1500 litr./ha) keywords: 20—40; agroxone; arvense; dow; effect; että; hormone; hormonivalmisteiden; järvenpään; kaksi; kertausruutuja; killer; koe; koeruudut; kokeessa; kuin; litr./ha; myös; olivat; osittain; pahoin; pelto; products; rikkaruohoihin; rikkaruohojen; ruiskute; ruuduilla; sekä; stage; suoritettiin; tehtiin; vaikutuksesta; vaikutus; vulgaris; weed; weedone cache: afs-71231.pdf plain text: afs-71231.txt item: #733 of 2310 id: afs-71232 author: Ekstrand, H. title: Eräitä kasvipatologisia näkökohtia syysviljojen ja nurmiheinien talvehtimisesta date: 1947 words: 6470 flesch: 58 summary: Siemensaastunnan (Fusarium) ja oraiden häviämisen (»kylmänvahingot») välinen suhde eri ruiserissä Svalöfissä 1939—1940 (peittaamaton siemen). Monissa tapauksissa vaikuttaa maasaastunta lumi- homeen esiintymiseen, ja tällöin on saastunnan ja viljan taudinkestävyyden välillä suoranainen korrelaatio. keywords: att; borealis; ekstrand; ennen; eri; että; för; försök; hos; ibid; jotka; kasvien; kuin; kun; kungs; lajikkeiden; mot; myös; måste; nimeksi; och; ole; olika; olivat; oraiden; ovat; ruotsin; sclerotinia; sen; siemen; siemensaastunta; som; syysviljojen; tab; tai; typhula; utgång; vaasa; vastaan; vid; voi; voidaan; vuoksi; även cache: afs-71232.pdf plain text: afs-71232.txt item: #734 of 2310 id: afs-71233 author: Juusela, Taneli title: Salaojasyvyyskysymyksen selvittelyä date: 1947 words: 3379 flesch: 51 summary: Saman käsityksen ilmaisee myös Almlöf (1, s. 92 ja s. 209) mainiten mm., että nykyisin ollaan täysin selvillä siitä, ettei ole syytä pelätä roudan rikkovan matalia ojia, ja Frank (3, s. 33), joka katsoo, ettei ole syytä otaksua putkiston särkyvän, vaikkei se olisikaan roudattomassa syvyydessä. Fredholm huomauttaa lisäksi (4, s. 334), että salaojien tulisi huonosti läpäisevissä ja tiiviissä maissa olla matalampia kuin huokoisissa ja ravintorikkaissa maissa. Almlöf (1, s. 209) taas mainitsee, ettei salaojan syvyys saisi voimakaskapil- laarisilla mailla alittaa 1 metriä, mutta että savimailla on pikemminkin eduksi, jollei tarvitse käyttää kuinoo.l.o metrin syvyyttä, ja että tarpeen vaatiessa voidaan TANELI JUUSELA62 huoleti mennä aina 0.7—0.8 m;n syvyyteen asti. keywords: als; auch; den; der; des; die; eri; esim; ettei; että; finnland; kuin; kuitenkin; käytetään; maan; mukaan; myös; niin; nykyisin; näin; ole; roudan; ruotsissa; salaojien; sama; schweden; suomessa; vain; yleensä cache: afs-71233.pdf plain text: afs-71233.txt item: #735 of 2310 id: afs-71234 author: Varo, Mikko title: Suomalaisen hevosen vetovoiman kehittämisestä date: 1947 words: 5645 flesch: 50 summary: M x = 8.04 ±0.27 ax = ±2.47 My = 8.35 ±0.09 oy = ±0.89 r = +0.17 ±O.lO Taulukko 3. 4-vuotiaiden isien ja poikien, joiden emien veiovarmuus on 6 p., vetokykyjen vuorosuhde- Table 3. Taulukko ö. 4-vuotiaiden isien ja poikien, joiden emien vetovarmuus on 6 p., vetovoimien vuorosuhde Table 5. keywords: 1946; correlation; dams; edellä; emien; eri; että; hevosen; isien; kaikkien; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; mutta; myös; niiden; olisi; ollut; oriiden; oriit; ovat; perusteella; poikien; pojat; power; results; sillä; sires; sons; stallions; steps; tammat; tammojen; tulokset; vaikutus; vain; vetovoiman; voidaan; vuoksi; vuorosuhde; vuotiaiden cache: afs-71234.pdf plain text: afs-71234.txt item: #736 of 2310 id: afs-71235 author: Suomela, Samuli title: Peltojen etäisyyden vaikutuksesta viljelmän kannattavuuteen date: 1947 words: 2203 flesch: 66 summary: Peltojen etäisyyden ja viljelmän kannattavuuden välisen suhteen perusteelli- seksi selvittämiseksi on tutkittava myös muihin maatalousalueisiimme ja kaikkiin suuruusluokkiin kuuluvia viljelmiä. 10—20 34 3,4 13 2,2 —27 0,4 20—40 77 6,1 53 4,7 21 3,1 40— 135 8,6 89 6,5 70 5.9 https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=Ut7Ccrf4oN56PTYu.yFLTvkimStV9luf7emz78w.gxk212gqYm1ssR8kCOnGTNfqADCzMOXC7Y2mRNBrDJpxsd17rW4TRsHtFY9eW_9Zr6QApkcWEkHSVi3aUNnrDk3rGlDMohF42nR1dkVheOb9JA-eGGvTUW7WbVDgqyfcZ7vvX4r1U4r2aJq4AOD001qh79E-McRgVM_KfA SUOMELA84 ViRRi (6) esittää, että tuoton suuruuden riippuvuus etäisyyden muutoksista voidaan likimääräisesti ilmaista lausekkeella 1 ‘ = I+kx ’ jossa y=tuotto ja x=etäisyys. keywords: area; distance; eri; että; etäisyyden; farms; fields; hectares; keskietäisyys; meters; peltoala; peltojen; taulukko; viljelmän cache: afs-71235.pdf plain text: afs-71235.txt item: #737 of 2310 id: afs-71236 author: Ollila, Laila title: Tuhosienien merkityksestä perunavarastojen turmelijoina Suomessa date: 1947 words: 3047 flesch: 51 summary: Tällaiset mukulat olivat toden- näköisesti bakteerien ja Fusarium-sienten yhdessä turmelemia. Eri lajikkeiden pilaantumisprosentti vaihteli o:sta 23.5:een lajikkeesta ja säilytys- olosuhteista johtuen. keywords: bakteerit; cylindrocarpon; eri; että; fusarium; julk; kasvitautiosaston; lajikkeiden; maatalouskoelaitoksen; maatalouskoet; mukulat; mukuloita; myös; oli; olivat; ovat; perunan; perunoiden; perunoista; potato; sekä; valt; voidaan cache: afs-71236.pdf plain text: afs-71236.txt item: #738 of 2310 id: afs-71237 author: Olsonen, Kaarlo title: Suurima vai suurimo? date: 1947 words: 625 flesch: 51 summary: Kaikissa vanhoissa lähteissä, jotka tunnen, vanha »ryyniä') merkitsevä sana esiintyy asussa suurima, siis a-loppuisena. Sentähden kirjoitin Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran kielitoimistolle seuraavanlaisen kyselyn: Snut- it suurimoi On tietysti oikein, että lainasanojen asemesta aletaan käyttää alkuperäisiä suomenkielisiä sanoja Mutta kun kansan kielessä käytännössä oleva sana otetaan yleiseen käyttöön kirjakielessä, on se mie lestäni otettava siinä muodossa, missä se kansan kielessä vielä elää. keywords: kansan; myös; sana; siis; suurima cache: afs-71237.pdf plain text: afs-71237.txt item: #739 of 2310 id: afs-71250 author: Hårdh, H. J. E. title: Talven tuhot hedelmäpuissa ja marjapensaissa vuonna 1947 date: 1948 words: 2562 flesch: 65 summary: astetta normaalia korkeampi ja Varsinais-Suomessa vuorokauden keskilämpö suuren osan kuukautta lähes 10° C. Lounais-Suomessa havaittu hedelmäpuiden ja marjapensaiden vahingoittuminen johtui niiden maanpäällisten osien kuivumisesta, joka pääasiassa tapahtui huhti-, touko- ja kesäkuussa. ja karviaismarjapensaissa ilmenivät talven aiheuttamat vauriot siten, että lehtisilmut puhkesivat tavallista hitaammin. keywords: 1946—1947; 1947; bushes; damage; että; fruit; havaittu; hedelmäpuiden; hedelmäpuissa; kuin; marjapensaiden; oli; olivat; ovat; sekä; suomessa; talven; trees; vuonna cache: afs-71250.pdf plain text: afs-71250.txt item: #740 of 2310 id: afs-71251 author: Roine, Paavo title: The amounts and adequacy of food rations in Finland during 1941-46 date: 1948 words: 11886 flesch: 71 summary: Although the bulk of the amount obtained has been in readily absorbable form (in milk and in butter), it must be stated that the diets, especially during the winter, have been grossly deficient in vitamin A. Due to greater milk rations and lower requirements, the situation of children has not been so bad as that of the adults. The children’s situation has been better due to larger milk rations. keywords: bread; butter; children; fats; flour; meat; milk; potatoes; sugar; wheat cache: afs-71251.pdf plain text: afs-71251.txt item: #741 of 2310 id: afs-71252 author: Therman-Suomalainen, Eeva title: Heterochromatin and nucleic acid date: 1948 words: 4906 flesch: 53 summary: It has, in fact, turned out that heterochromatic chromosome parts do not contain genes in the usual sense and neither do any detectable mutations take place in them. These studies have had the important result of bringing to light the decisive role played by nucleic acids in the organization of the chromosomes as well as in the whole cell metabolism. keywords: acid; caspersson; cell; chromosomes; darlington; heterochromatin; histones; metabolism; parts; proteins; segments; thymonucleic cache: afs-71252.pdf plain text: afs-71252.txt item: #742 of 2310 id: afs-71253 author: Hilli, Aarne title: Kanankaalin levinneisyydestä ja torjunnasta date: 1948 words: 3096 flesch: 54 summary: Ylemmät lehdet ovat pitempiä, pitku- laisia, ruodittomia ja liuskahampaisia. Kunkin kunnan alueella on kanankaalin levinneisyys niinikään paikallisen luontoista ja sama piirre on havaittavissa vielä kylien ja yksityisten tilojenkin viljelyksillä. keywords: calcium; cyanamide; että; hormotox; jolloin; kanankaalin; kuitenkin; levinneisyydestä; läänin; mukaan; mukana; mutta; myös; noin; oli; olivat; ovat; sekä; sen; sitä; tai; torjunnasta; vaikutus; vain; vuonna; wintercress cache: afs-71253.pdf plain text: afs-71253.txt item: #743 of 2310 id: afs-71254 author: Inkilä, Oiva title: Hernekääriäisen (Grapholitha nigricana Steph.) peltoherneelle aiheuttamista vahingoista date: 1948 words: 2903 flesch: 58 summary: Loppupäätelmät. Hernekääriäinen (Grapholitha nigricana Steph.) on erittäin yleinen tuhohyön- teinen maamme herneviljelyksillä, ja sen toukan aiheuttamat tuhot ovat useina vuosina olleet varsin huomattavat, etenkin maamme varsinaisella herneen viljelys- alueella. Keskikesä, siis myös her- neen kukinta-aika, joka alkoi 7—12/VII, oli varsin lämmin ja poutainen. keywords: damages; eli; eri; että; grapholitha; herneen; hernekääriäisen; kuin; kukinta; lajikkeiden; lajikkeilla; melko; myös; oli; olivat; sekä; varsin; vioituksen; vuonna; vuosina cache: afs-71254.pdf plain text: afs-71254.txt item: #744 of 2310 id: afs-71255 author: Vaarama, Antero title: Cytogenetic studies on two rubus arcticus-hybrids date: 1948 words: 5684 flesch: 59 summary: R. arcticus and R. idaeus differ very conspicuously in regard to the flower colour, the former having bright red, the latter white flowers. A character which is absent in R. arcticus, but which is regarded as characteristic for R. idaeus is the waxy bloom of the shoots. keywords: arcticus; chromosome; colour; fig; hybrid; idaeus; number; r. idaeus; regeneration; species; sterility cache: afs-71255.pdf plain text: afs-71255.txt item: #745 of 2310 id: afs-71256 author: Soveri, U. title: Eräiden turvelajiemme kemiallisesta kokoomuksesta ja sen vaikutuksesta niiden polttoarvoon date: 1948 words: 7550 flesch: 56 summary: Tällöin on to- dettu, että rahkaturpeet ovat yleensä tuhka-, typpi-, fosfori-, ja kalsiumköyhempiä kuin sara- ja mskosammalturpeet ja sekaturpeet (10). Kalorimetriset polttoarvomääritykset on tehty 300 ml pommissa käyttämällä 20 atm:n painetta ja 1—1,2 keywords: acid; aineesta; aineet; alkoholiin; ash; bitumen; calorific; content; eetteriin; eri; ers; että; fractions; jotka; kemiallisesta; kkal; kokoomuksesta; kuin; kuiva; kuten; maatumisen; material; myös; ovat; peat; pääasiallisesti; sekä; sisältävät; soveri; t h; table; taulukko; taulukossa; tuhkan; turpeen; turpeitten; values; veteen; yhteydessä cache: afs-71256.pdf plain text: afs-71256.txt item: #746 of 2310 id: afs-71257 author: Mali, Liisa title: Siementuotantomme kehityksestä tuonnin ja viennin valossa date: 1948 words: 2312 flesch: 60 summary: Varsinkin Tanskassa ja myös muissa varsinaisissa siementuotantomaissa siemen- viljely oli sodan aiheuttaman suuren kysynnän johdosta laajentunut. ja timoteinsiementä vie- tiin sen sijaan jatkuvasti, vaikkakin määrät olivat vähäiset. keywords: että; helsinki; kanssa; myös; oli; ollut; puna; seeds; siemenen; suomen; tilasto; virall; vuodet; vuoksi; vuosina cache: afs-71257.pdf plain text: afs-71257.txt item: #747 of 2310 id: afs-71258 author: Paloheimo, Lauri title: Determination of starch according to the principle of iodine colorimetry date: 1948 words: 2325 flesch: 63 summary: cc. of iodine solution are added under simultaneous shaking. This is prepa- red by pipetting 5 cc. of iodine solution intoa 500 cc. keywords: iodine; solution; standard; starch cache: afs-71258.pdf plain text: afs-71258.txt item: #748 of 2310 id: afs-71259 author: Therman-Suomalainen, Eeva title: Polyploidian merkityksestä date: 1948 words: 3197 flesch: 37 summary: Autoploidian kauttahan ei synny mitään varsinaisesti uutta, ja sen tärkein merkitys näyttää olevan saman lajin alayksiköiden välisten usein hyvin elinvoimaisten risteytymäyhdistelmien säilyttämisessä. Kehitystapahtnmia, jotka esiintyvät vain eriasteisilla risteytymillä, ovat gee- nien ja kromosomien vaihto erilaisten kromosomiannosten välillä sekä kokonaisten kromosomistojen yhteenliittyminen amfiploideissa. keywords: amfiploidin; eivät; eri; esim; että; homologisia; ilmeistä; joiden; jos; jotka; kaksi; koska; kromosomiston; kromosomit; kuin; kuitenkin; muodostavat; niiden; ole; olla; ovat; peräisin; polyploidien; sekä; sen; sitä; syntyy; toisistaan; tämä; usein; vain; voi; voivat; välillä cache: afs-71259.pdf plain text: afs-71259.txt item: #749 of 2310 id: afs-71260 author: Palva, Ossi title: Lypsyn nopeudesta, jälkimaidon määrästä ja maidon puhtaudesta sekä lypsetyn maitomäärän suhteesta niihin: Lypsykilpailujen tuloksiin perustuva tilastollinen tutkimus käsinlypsystä date: 1948 words: 6042 flesch: 70 summary: Eri kilpailuissa joudutaan kuitenkin lypsämään hyvinkin erilaisen maitomäärän antavia ja eri tavoin muodostettuja lehmäpareja. Maitokilon lypsämiseen käytetty keskimääräinen aika ja sen riippuvaisuus lehmäparin kokonaismaitomäärästä käy ilmi taulukosta 6. keywords: aika; auf; cm3; das; der; die; eri; että; gruppe; jälkimaidon; keskimääräinen; kuin; käytetty; lehmien; lehmäparien; luokan; lypsyn; lypsyssä; lypsämiseen; maidon; maitokilon; maitomäärän; melken; milchmenge; min./kg; ollut; ovat; perusteella; ryhmissä; ryhmä; sen; taulukko; und; von; zeit cache: afs-71260.pdf plain text: afs-71260.txt item: #750 of 2310 id: afs-71261 author: Pohjakallio, Onni ; Salonen, Arvi title: Über den Einfluss von Erbse auf die Trockensubstanzerzeugung von Hafer in Erbse-hafer-mischbestand date: 1948 words: 5077 flesch: 62 summary: Korner Le- gumi- Hafer Hafer Hafer Hafer nosen g = 100.0 g = 100.0 | = 100.0 Hafer 200 lOO.O lOO.O lOO.O Erbse 200 789±34 85.0 In einigen der oben beschriebenen Versuchsreihen wuchs der Hafer also zwischen Erbse merklich stärker als im Reinbestand. keywords: als; auch; auf; bei; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; erbse; gewachsenen; hafer; hat; ist; nicht; sich; tabelle; triebe; trockensubstanzertrag; und; von; war; wirkung; wurzeln; zus; zwischen cache: afs-71261.pdf plain text: afs-71261.txt item: #751 of 2310 id: afs-71262 author: Paloheimo, Lauri ; Paloheimo, Irja title: On the estimation of the total of vegetable membrane substances date: 1949 words: 6832 flesch: 58 summary: This is the partition into 1) cell enclosure substances or, plainly, enclosure substances and 2) cell wall substances or membrane substances. The principle and the general features of our method for determining the total of vegetable cell membrane substances were described in a preliminary report by L. Paloheimo (22, p. 19). keywords: acid; boiling; cell; crude; determination; fibre; material; membrane substances; method; paloheimo; protein; residue; substances; vegetable; water cache: afs-71262.pdf plain text: afs-71262.txt item: #752 of 2310 id: afs-71263 author: Paloheimo, Lauri title: An unusual method for determining the percentage of hulls in oats date: 1949 words: 821 flesch: 67 summary: The rats pick up the grain by their front teeth (incisors), hold it tranversely before the mouth with their paws and tear out the inner hull-leaf (palet) by their https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=03AJIHwoBHJLzgIz.i8HDFfe9I9Zos0EDtR_fnw.k1fnzO8PSKhNPOn5hOlf14xinEa6auImCcNi8pAxzsohrUyo7ahwX54EH9I0OH8xcN0of6JGvLjG1pF7sx4uSQoxucpDpvnCAmmNWRmDz88bcFt7wcLGLJb4QsHfN7DHwsT_ecjZzbfhcIvZOk97IrbpUTx87ZWUCyXrJhY The table shows the accuracy of the work of rats in hulling the oats Percentage of hulls when hulled No of sample Variety of oats a) by rats b) by hand 1 Guldregn II 24,64 24,69 2 » 25,35 25,27 3 » 24,82 24,69 4 Kytö 24.65 24.72 5 » 25.05 24.40 6 >» 24.49 24.69 7 Russian import 27.9627.98 8 » » 28.6128.29 9 » » 28.2428.19 10 Orion II 25,37 25,6[ H » 25,53 25,52 12 » 25,38 25,30 13 Tammi 21,78 22,60 14 » 22,16 22,18 15 » 22,19 22,63 16 Sisu 20,82 21,21 17 » 20,76 20,98 18 » 21,16 21,00 19 Eho 21,59 21,87 20 » 21,66 21,72 21 » 21,56 21,83 incisors. During recent years we have used in this laboratory rats for hulling the oats since it was observed that rats eat onl\ the kernels neglecting the hulls. keywords: hulls; oats; rats cache: afs-71263.pdf plain text: afs-71263.txt item: #753 of 2310 id: afs-71264 author: Jamalainen, E. A. title: Overwintering of gramineae-plants and parasitic fungi: I. sclerotinia borealis Bubäk & Vleugel. date: 1949 words: 8022 flesch: 70 summary: OVERWINTERING OF GRAMINEAE-PLANTS AND PARASITIC FUNGI 139 In Sweden S. borealis has been met in several years causing injury to winter rye, timothy, cocksfoot and other field grasses. During an excursion made with Mr. H. Ekstrand, Fil. Lic., to the northern and middle Finland in spring 1946 the author noted that S. borealis was in many dist- ricts quite common in winter rye and timothy (14). keywords: a. j.; apukka; borealis; e. a.; ekstrand; experiment; finland; fungi; fungus; plants; rovaniemi; rye; sclerotinia; snow; soil; spring; sta; station; strains; sweden; timothy; winter cache: afs-71264.pdf plain text: afs-71264.txt item: #754 of 2310 id: afs-71265 author: Paatela, Juhani; Dunham, R. S. title: The effect of 2,4-D and 2M-4K on some oil flax varieties grown under different environmental conditions date: 1949 words: 2100 flesch: 76 summary: North Cent- ral Weed Control Conf., No. 48. 20) Zalik, Saul & Olson, P. J. 1948. 2,4-D 0.1 0.1 Slow growth before spraying Started in cool chamber, transferred to greenhouse 6 oz. methoxone 0.1 0.2 0.1 6 oz. keywords: 2,4; effect; flax; methoxone cache: afs-71265.pdf plain text: afs-71265.txt item: #755 of 2310 id: afs-71266 author: Paatela, Juhani title: Eräiden ristisiittoisten viljelykasvien jalostuksesta Yhdysvalloissa date: 1949 words: 5491 flesch: 57 summary: Tanskassa klooniruudustomene- telmä on osoittautunut varsin käyttökelpoiseksi, ja myös Kun kyseinen jalostustapa on melko uusi, ja kun sen tuntemisella todennäköisesti on merkitystä myös meidän maassamme, luodaan seuraavassa lyhyt katsaus itsesii- tokseen ja kantojen sopivaan kombinoitumiseen ( combining ability), sekä esitetään lähinnä maissin, sokerijuurikkaan ja eräiden nurmikasvien jalostuksessa käytet- täviä menetelmiä. keywords: agron; amer; beet; breeding; combining; erip; esim; että; hybrid; ibid; jalostuksesta; jos; jotka; jour; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kylvetään; linjan; linjoja; linjojen; mutta; myös; niiden; ovat; saadaan; sekä; siementä; siten; soc; sokerijuurikkaan; sugar; taas; tai; vain; viljelykasvien; voidaan; xxyy; yhdysvalloissa cache: afs-71266.pdf plain text: afs-71266.txt item: #756 of 2310 id: afs-71267 author: Brummer, Veikko title: Vesijärven ja Tammiston aikaisen suhtautumisesta perunavirooseihin date: 1949 words: 4121 flesch: 63 summary: Nimenomaan vertailu Vesijärven ja Tammiston Aikaisen kesken on tästä syystä muodostunut kiintoisaksi. Vesijärven ja Tammiston keywords: aikaisen; brummer; difference; että; harbinger; karila; karilasta; kuten; myös; ole; oli; ollut; ovat; potato; station; table; tammiston; tammistossa; taul; tuber; vesijärven; virus; yksilöiden; yksilöitä cache: afs-71267.pdf plain text: afs-71267.txt item: #757 of 2310 id: afs-71268 author: Hänninen, P. title: Ennakkotietoja herneen ja virnan säilyvyydestä seosviljoissa Suomessa date: 1949 words: 1624 flesch: 63 summary: On luonnollista, että maan yleisellä kasvukunnolla, kasvinravintoaineilla ja maa- lajilla täytyy olla tärkeä merkitys herneen ja virnan säilyvyyteen seosviljoissa. Tutkimuksessa on käsitelty Suomessa suoritettuihin koetuloksiin nojautuen herneen ja virnan säilyvyyttä seosviljoissa lähinnä siemensatojen perusteella. keywords: etelä; että; herneen; kuin; kun; ollut; ovat; seosviljoissa; sinikka; säilyvyys; torstai; tuloksia; virnan cache: afs-71268.pdf plain text: afs-71268.txt item: #758 of 2310 id: afs-71269 author: Aaltonen, V. T.; Aarnio, B.; Hyyppä, Esa; Kaitera, Pentti; Keso, Lauri; Kivinen, Erkki; Kokkonen, P.; Kotilainen, Mauno J.; Sauramo, Matti; Tuorila, Pauli; Vuorinen, Jouko title: Maaperäsanaston ja maalajien luokituksen tarkistus v. 1949 date: 1949 words: 12725 flesch: 67 summary: Nämä maalajit läpäisevät hyvin vettä ja veden nousu ja pidättyminen on aivan vähäistä. Ruskosammalsaraturve ja sara- turve muodostavat parhaat turvemaamme. keywords: aaltonen; acidity; brown; carex; cent; classification; clay; clay soil; colour; cultivation; decomposed; districts; eli; finesand; finland; grains; gravel; grey; happamuus; helsinki; hieno; hieta; humus; hyvin; iron; kuin; layer; luokituksen; maalajien; maan; maaperäsanaston; matter; mineral; moraine; moraine soil; mould; mud; mutta; ole; ovat; peat; peat soils; plant; remains; sekä; sen; silt; silt clay; sitä; soil; sphagnum; substance; suomessa; surface; tai; tarkistus; tavallisesti; type; usein; vain; veden; water; yleensä cache: afs-71269.pdf plain text: afs-71269.txt item: #759 of 2310 id: afs-71270 author: Kaila, Armi title: Karjanlannan fosforista date: 1949 words: 7087 flesch: 54 summary: Anaerobisesti palavassa lannassa on orgaanisen aineksen rakentuminen verra- ten vähäistä ja fosforin tarve niin ollen pieni. Tosin on huo- mattava, että keskinäytteen otto niin epähomogeenisesta aineksesta kuin olkisilpun sekaisesta lannasta on vaikeaa, ja sen vuoksi on mahdollista, että kolmannen koe- jäsenen ensimmäisen kuukauden näyte ei ollut edustava. keywords: aikana; epäorgaanisen; eri; että; fosforin; fosforista; hevosen; kaila; karjanlannan; karjanlannan fosforin; keskimäärin; kg g; koska; kuin; kuiva; kun; lannan; lannassa; manure; mutta; naudan; noin; ole; oli; olkea; orgaanisen; ovat; palamisen; phosphorus; sen; siitä; sijaan; sonnan; straw; table; tot; vain; voidaan cache: afs-71270.pdf plain text: afs-71270.txt item: #760 of 2310 id: afs-71271 author: Salonen, Martti title: Muutamia havaintoja juolavehnän juurakoista ja juurista date: 1949 words: 1663 flesch: 70 summary: Juolavehnän juurakot o—lo0 —10 cm —l> juurien suurin syvyys 60 » Juuristosta otetusta tilavuusnäytteestä poistettiin muiden kasvien juuret, ja juolavehnän juura- koista sekä juurista tehtiin orgaanisen kuiva-aineen määritykset (5): juurakot o—l7 cm 1.77 g/dm2 (vastaa 1770 kg/ha) juuret o—l70—17 » 2.30 » —» — 17—55 i) 0.70 » Pohjois-Savon koeasema Halola, Maaninka, 13/8 1. Juolavehnän juurakot o—lo0—10 cm —»—- juurien suurin syvyys 90 » Juuristosta otetusta tilavuusnäytteestä poistettiin muiden kasvien juuret, ja juolavehnän juura- koista sekä juurista tehtiin org. keywords: couch; depth; että; juolavehnän; juurakot; juuret; juurien; maa; roots; suurin; syvyys cache: afs-71271.pdf plain text: afs-71271.txt item: #761 of 2310 id: afs-71272 author: Valle, Otto; Paatela, Juhani; Mukula, Jaakko title: Tekohormonien merkityksestä öljypellavaviljelyksien rikkaruohontorjunnassa date: 1949 words: 7380 flesch: 61 summary: Tekohormonivalmisteiden vaikutus öljypellavan ja rikkaruohojen tuorepainoon suhdeluvuin ilmaistuna. Tekohormonikäsittelyjen vaikutus öljypellavan ja rikkaruohojen tuorepainoihin sekä jauhosavikan ja mui- den rikkaruohojen määrään erikseen käy havainnollisimmin ilmi kuviosta 3. keywords: 2,4; 2m-4k; acodrin; agroxone; average; dust; eivät; että; flax; hormones; hormotox; keskimäärin; kuin; kun; niiden; noin; oil; ole; oli; ovat; pölyte; r r; r s; rikkaruohojen; ruiskute; ruiskutteet; s s; sekä; sen; spray; suolaa; tehoavaa; vain; veith; weeds; öljypellavan cache: afs-71272.pdf plain text: afs-71272.txt item: #762 of 2310 id: afs-71273 author: Saloheimo, Lauri title: Proteini-aineiden vaihtelusta vaaramorenilla ja mutasuoturpeella kasvaneessa viljassa date: 1949 words: 2331 flesch: 64 summary: Sen sijaan sekaturpeen hehtaaria kohti sisältämä typpimäärä on VALMARin mukaan noin 2 kertaa ja mutasuoturpeen 3 y 2 kertaa niin suuri kuin kivennäismaan (hiekka- ja hietamaa 1.52 °/00 , savimaa 1.91 °/00 , mutasuoturve 24.6 °/00 ja sekaturve 18.5 °/00 typpeä 20 sm syvässä maakerroksessa). keywords: auf; der; die; ertrag; että; kaura; kornertrag; kuin; niederungsmoor; ollut; sato; suolla; taulukko; und; vaara; viljan; viljassa cache: afs-71273.pdf plain text: afs-71273.txt item: #763 of 2310 id: afs-71274 author: Aalto, Osmo title: Suomalaisrotuisten maitovarsojen painonlisääntymisestä date: 1949 words: 1284 flesch: 60 summary: Tammavarsat painoivat synnyttyään keskimäärin 53,8 kg ja orivarsat 51,6 kg, joten siis tammavarsojen keskimääräinen syntymäpaino oli 2,2 kg suurempi kuin orivarsojen vastaava paino. » » » 196 » 250 » 4. keywords: der; eli; keskimääräinen; kuukauden; lisäkasvu; oli; syntymäpaino; varsojen; yhteensä cache: afs-71274.pdf plain text: afs-71274.txt item: #764 of 2310 id: afs-71275 author: Mukula, Jaakko title: On eradication of woody plants with herbicides in fields and pastures date: 1950 words: 9215 flesch: 66 summary: Plant hormones and the analysis of growth. Sprouts of different woody plants. keywords: 2,4; absorption; alder; branch; branches; concentrations; cut; experiments; hormones; leaves; plants; sodium; solution; sprouts; substance; treatment; trees; water; woody cache: afs-71275.pdf plain text: afs-71275.txt item: #765 of 2310 id: afs-71276 author: Kaila, Armi title: Karjanlanta kasvien fosforin lähteenä date: 1950 words: 5466 flesch: 43 summary: Maan orgaanisen fosforin väheneminen ja 4-n rikkihappoon liukenevan epä- orgaanisen fosforin lisääntyminen eräässä muhituskokeessa selviävät seuraavista arvoista. Muhituksen vaikutus lannan fosforin ottoon rypsikokeissa Table 8. keywords: acid; aikana; clay; eivät; epäorgaanisen; että; fosforin; fosforista; inorganic; jotka; karjanlannan; kasvien; kuin; kun; lannan; liukenevan; lähteenä; maahan; maan; maassa; manure; mineralization; mutta; ole; oli; orgaanisen; ovat; palaneen; phosphorus; soil; table; tai; tulokset; veteen; väkilannoitteiden; water cache: afs-71276.pdf plain text: afs-71276.txt item: #766 of 2310 id: afs-71277 author: Saarinen, P. title: A statistical study of the effect of excessive feeding of calcium and phosphorus supplements on the blood calcium and phosphorus of dairy cows date: 1950 words: 4931 flesch: 61 summary: The slightly negative effect of milk yield on blood phosphorus and the slightly positive effect on blood calcium, observed in this study, possibly can be explained by an increased removal of blood phosphate by the mammary gland, followed by an accele- rated mobilization of bone phosphates whereby calcium is mobilized in excess. For this purpose, the coefficients of partial correlation have been calculated for each of these, assuming that blood calcium and inorganic phosphorus are variables depend- ent on the above mentioned independent variables. keywords: blood; calcium; cows; effect; inorganic; milk; p ratio; phosphorus; ratio; study cache: afs-71277.pdf plain text: afs-71277.txt item: #767 of 2310 id: afs-71278 author: Vuorinen, Jouko title: Pauli Viktor Tuorila date: 1950 words: 2726 flesch: 47 summary: Toiseksi on pantava JOUKO VUORINEN136 merkille se asiantuntemus, jonka hän omasi, ja se varmuus ja rohkeus, millä hän toi esiin asioiden hoitoon ratkaisevasti vaikuttaneet mielipiteensä. Hänen tutkimuksensa ovat ratkaisevasti edistäneet kalkituksen ja lannoituksen järkiperäistämistä ja hänen toimintansa ja asiantuntemuksensa on suuresti lisännyt kalkin ja lannoitteiden käyttöä sekä samalla satojen suuruutta. keywords: agricultural; der; des; die; hän; koagulation; lime; oli; pauli; research; sekä; suomen; tuorila; und; von; vuonna; über cache: afs-71278.pdf plain text: afs-71278.txt item: #768 of 2310 id: afs-71279 author: Keränen, J. title: Maatalousilmatieteen yleiset tehtävät ja alan tutkimukset Suomessa date: 1950 words: 3958 flesch: 50 summary: Tutkimuskohteita ovat: 1) kasvien levinneisyys, taudit, ilmastoon sopeutuminen ja viljan tuotto; 2) kotieläinten levinneisyys, sairaudet ja ilmastoon sopeutuminen 3) loishyönteiset; 4) fenologia; 5) keinolliset vaikutukset sääoloihin 6) maaperän muodostuminen, erosio ja säilyminen; 7) kasvipeitteen säilyminen. 1920-luvulla sattui useita suotuisia kasvukausia, mutta kaksi katovuotta vv. 1923 ja 1928. keywords: alalla; der; des; die; eri; että; fenn; finnland; franssila; hallan; homén; hän; joissa; kasvien; keränen; kuin; kuten; lisäksi; luvulla; maan; maassamme; maatalouden; maatalousilmatieteen; mutta; myös; niiden; ole; ovat; sadon; sen; suomen; suomessa; tehtävät; tulee; tutkimuksia; tällä; tätä; und; vaikutus; yleiset; über cache: afs-71279.pdf plain text: afs-71279.txt item: #769 of 2310 id: afs-71280 author: Juusela, Taneli title: Myyräojituksesta ja sen käyttömahdollisuuksista Suomessa date: 1950 words: 4115 flesch: 52 summary: Niillä ei ole omaa pyöräparia kuten useimmilla nykyisillä malleilla ja maan pinnan pienten epätasaisuuksien vaikutuksen kumoaa pitkä liukuva jalas, johon veitsi ja sen edessä oleva kiekkoleikkuri on kiinnitetty. Menettelytapaa voitaneen pitää ojituksen ja muokkauksen välimuotona, sillä ojitettaessa aikaansaadaan myyräreiän ja siitä maanpintaan saakka ulottuvan raon lisäksi rukoilua ja halkeamia kummallekin puolelle aina https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=1HGOrngJadjiJpeF.ltZ0Fd0lv_J8nI3ds4zmhA.jvGu5kQ4ghumJ15KjYghFqNb4WLQ_kyRlC-PoJalOjVu2WhhdpW0iLlQDN1eyBuMoOrKDvzOxeTs8ZcSYQYuVrKECFE3EFaVl3aBXfJh_9lVQqwhyKii7UvV2mK5qQHXDGrZufAhuDsS6VN1DJO5q-P61aEv5Byr14NO0A MYYRÄOJITUKSESTA JA SEN KÄYTTÖMAHDOLLISUUKSISTA SUOMESSA 153 60—90 cm:n päähän itse myyräojasta. keywords: englannissa; erittäin; esim; että; hehtaaria; joka; jossa; kohden; kuin; kun; kuten; käyttäen; käyttömahdollisuuksista; lisäksi; lähinnä; metriä; myyräojat; myyräojien; myyräojituksen; myyräojitus; myös; niiden; näin; ole; oli; ollen; ollut; ovat; ruotsissa; sen; siten; suomessa; tulisi; tällöin; tämän; vain; varsin; voidaan; yleensä cache: afs-71280.pdf plain text: afs-71280.txt item: #770 of 2310 id: afs-71281 author: Pulkki, L. H.; Puutula, K.; Laurila, U.-R. title: Suomalaisessa leivonnassa tapahtuvista tiamiinihäviöistä date: 1950 words: 4119 flesch: 74 summary: 26—28 i> » 33—35 » » 15.0 » » 14.8—16.5 » » 27.5 » » 2Q hiivakäymis- yeast fermentation 14 biologinen biological 9 hiivakäymis- yeast fermentation 6—20 tiokromi- thiochrome 13.5—55.5 » Leipälaatu Tekijä AuthorKind of bread Vehnäleipä Wheat bread Brown, Hamm, Harrison 1943 (4) Vehnäleipä (vitaminoitu) Wheat bread (vitaminised) Vehnäleipä Wheat bread Melnick, Mabardie, Bern stein, Oser 1941 (16) Martin 1941 (15)» Vehnäleipä (85 % jauhotulos) Wheat bread (85 % extraction) Dawson, Martin 1942 (8) 98—100 Golberg, Thorp 1946 (11)80 85 95 täys]yvä jauho whole-meal Schultz, Atkin, Frey 1942 (21) keywords: baking; bread; content; flour; kuin; leivottu; leivän; loaf; loss; meal; oli; rye; thiamine; vitamin; weight; wheat; yeast cache: afs-71281.pdf plain text: afs-71281.txt item: #771 of 2310 id: afs-71282 author: Vaarama, Antero title: Alustavia havaintoja amerikkalaisten pensasmustikkalajikkeiden viljelyominaisuuksista date: 1950 words: 2843 flesch: 54 summary: ANTERO VAARAMA30 Mielenkiintoisena ilmiönä on pidettävä havaintoa, että lajikkeet Atlantic, Pemberton ja Rancocas esiintyvät Suomen olosuhteissa viljelysominaisuuksiltaan erilaisina kuin Yhdysvalloissa. arvio Present estimation American estimation June June Atlantic Rancocas Rancocas Stanley Pemberton Concord Stanley Atlantic Rubel Pemberton Concord Rubel Jersey Jersey Burlington Burlington Concord ja Jersey lajikkeiden asema aikaisuusjärjestyksessä on hypoteettinen pienen sadon vuoksi. keywords: atlantic; berries; blueberry; burlington; concord; eri; että; jersey; joka; june; koko; kuitenkin; lajike; lajikkeiden; lajikkeista; marjojen; mukaan; mutta; myös; ole; oli; ovat; pemberton; rancocas; rubel; stanley; taulukko; varieties cache: afs-71282.pdf plain text: afs-71282.txt item: #772 of 2310 id: afs-71283 author: Simonen, Seppo title: Significance of co-operation to agriculture in Finland date: 1950 words: 7650 flesch: 52 summary: Already in the early years of the co-operative movement it was clearly apparent that of the numerous forms of co-operative societies tried out abroad, co-operative dairies, credit societies and retail societies were natural to Finnish conditions, and they soon developed into the three principal branches of the movement. The total number of co-operative societies working for the benefit of farmers in Finland in 1948 amounted to 4,715. keywords: agriculture; butter; central; credit; dairies; farmers; finland; movement; operation; pellervo; production; societies; society cache: afs-71283.pdf plain text: afs-71283.txt item: #773 of 2310 id: afs-71284 author: Mäki, Antti title: Maatalouteen liittyvien etuuksien arvioimisesta toista korvauslakia sovellettaessa date: 1950 words: 5888 flesch: 44 summary: Vieläpä tähän ryhmään on luettava sellaisetkin toiseen kiinteistöön kohdistuvat oikeudet, joita isossa- jaossa ja tiloja ositettaessa voidaan perustaa ja joita ovat: Erityisesti on varottava arvioimasta suuria raaka-ainevarastoja niiden kokonaismäärän perusteella ottamatta huomioon varaston myyntiin vaadittavan ajan pituutta ja sen vaikutusta tulevaisuudessa saatavien tulojen nykyarvoon. keywords: ajan; alueella; alueen; arvioitaessa; arvo; arvoon; edellä; erittäin; esim; että; etuuden; etuuksien; huomioon; joita; joka; jos; korvauslakia; kuin; kun; käyttää; maatalouteen; myyntikelpoisen; myös; määritettäessä; määrä; niiden; ole; olevan; olisi; olla; otettava; perusteella; pinta; puhdas; pääoma; raaka; saadaan; saven; sekä; sen; siitä; soran; sovellettaessa; tai; tapauksessa; tilan; toista; tonttialueiden; tuoton; tuotto; value; verrattuna; voidaan; vuotuinen cache: afs-71284.pdf plain text: afs-71284.txt item: #774 of 2310 id: afs-71285 author: Pohjakallio, Onni ; Salonen, Arvi title: On the appearance and significance of fungi and bacteria antibiotically affecting the fungus sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss. date: 1950 words: 1673 flesch: 55 summary: In these investigations attention was directed to damage caused by 5. trifoliorum to red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.), to the freezing of red clover leaves by autumn frosts, and to the appearance of antibiotic bacteria and fungi on frozen leaves of red clover. 64 ONNI POHJAKALLIO and ARVI SALONEN ON THE APPEARANCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI 6 5 Fungi and bacteria taken from frozen clover leaves and their antibiotic effect on S.trifoliorum. Appearance of fungi and bacteria on Analysis of the antibiotic original samples effect (No. of samples) Fungi and bacteria No. of Samples Antibiotic effect samples investigated Lacking Weak Strong A. Henneberg-Agar Medium 1. keywords: bacteria; clover; fungi; leaves; trifoliorum cache: afs-71285.pdf plain text: afs-71285.txt item: #775 of 2310 id: afs-71286 author: Rautavaara, Toivo title: Asutuskeskuksien orgaanisen jätteen käyttö kasvinviljelyssä date: 1950 words: 6364 flesch: 48 summary: ja huvilakaupunkien ja omakotialueiden tontinomistajat, siirtolapuutarha- ja palstaviljelijät ryhtyisi kompostia käyttämään, kunhan harjoitetaan neuvontaa. Maailmankuulu englantilainen East Mallingin puutarhakoeasema on jo kauan tutkinut maabiologiaa, ja sen viime vuosikirjassa sanotaankin yhteenvetona tutki- muksista maan hedelmällisyyden ylläpitämisestä suomennettuna seuravasti (36): »Orgaaninen aines on maassa tärkeä monin tavoin. keywords: aineen; ainetta; asutuskeskuksien; dano; eloyhteisön; eri; esim; että; humuksen; humus; joka; jos; jäte; jätteen; jätteiden; kasvinviljelyssä; kaupunkien; koko; kompostia; kuin; kun; käyttää; käyttö; maahan; maan; maassa; meillä; menetelmä; milj; mukaan; mutta; myös; niiden; niin; ole; olla; orgaanisen; ovat; rautavaara; ruokamullan; sekä; siis; sitä; soil; suuri; tai; toivo; tulee; tuote; typpeä; tämä; varsinkin; voidaan; waste; ympäristössä cache: afs-71286.pdf plain text: afs-71286.txt item: #776 of 2310 id: afs-71287 author: Mukula, Jaakko title: Säilytysaineiden käytöstä porkkanan varastoimisessa date: 1950 words: 2963 flesch: 68 summary: Kokeessa 3, jossa käytettiin melko avonaisia laatikoita ja ver- raten pieniä koe-eriä, on Fusarexin teho ehjissä ja katkaistuissa porkkanoissa ollut lyhytaikainen, ja porkkanakärpäsen toukkien vioittamissa porkkanoissa se ei ole vaikuttanut tuhosieniin lainkaan. Kummal- lakin tarkastuskerralla porkkanat punnittiin ja tuhosienien turmelemat yksilöt poistettiin. keywords: belvitan; carrots; experiment; fusarex; koe; kuin; losses; porkkanan; porkkanoiden; rotting; storage cache: afs-71287.pdf plain text: afs-71287.txt item: #777 of 2310 id: afs-71288 author: Nikkilä, O. E. title: Antiseptisten huuhtelujen vaikutus kalan bakteeripitoisuuteen date: 1950 words: 3248 flesch: 68 summary: vnlgatnsen, Cl. spurogenusen, Cl. putrijienmm ja Cl. läänin. Tämä onkin vaistottu jo varhain, vaikka perusteita ei silloin vielä tunnettukaan, ja siten on tultu moniin eri säilöntätapoihin. keywords: antiseptisten; bakteereja; bakteeripitoisuuteen; biol; että; fish; flav; huuhtelujen; kalan; lihaskudos; ovat; res; sen; sillin; tarr; vaikutus cache: afs-71288.pdf plain text: afs-71288.txt item: #778 of 2310 id: afs-71289 author: Nikkilä, O. E. title: Rasvapitoisuuden vaikutus kalan suolaantumiseen date: 1950 words: 1090 flesch: 62 summary: Silli, jonkarasvapitoisuus oli 9.8 %, saavutti alkuperäisen painonsa (100 %) vasta 2 kk:n kuluttua, ja paino ei noussut enää sen jälkeen. Sillin rasvapitoisuudet 5.7 (käyrä I) ja 9.8 % (käyrä II). keywords: että; fat; jälkeen; kalan; kuin; käyrä; noin; paino; sillin; weight cache: afs-71289.pdf plain text: afs-71289.txt item: #779 of 2310 id: afs-71290 author: Kaitera, Pentti title: Peltojen salaojituksesta date: 1951 words: 11992 flesch: 55 summary: Esimerkiksi Ruotsissa on Hallgrenui (6, s. 14) mukaan kivisalaojia n. 14 % kaikista salaojituksista, ja Suomessa sisä- Kuva 11. ja Cleveland-tyyppiset ko- neet. keywords: aikana; aikoina; avo; drainage; drains; edelleen; edellä; eri; esimerkiksi; esitetty; että; fig; finland; hehtaaria; helsinki; huomattava; huomioon; huomiota; hyvin; hän; ilman; ilmenee; joita; joka; jolloin; jos; jossa; kaitera; keso; kestoaika; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; kuva; käyttää; liian; lisäksi; lähinnä; maan; maassa; mahdollisimman; mahdollista; missä; mitä; mukaan; mutta; myös; määrä; niiden; niin; niinpä; niissä; noin; nykyisistä; nyt; ojan; ojat; ole; olen; olisi; olla; ollut; osa; ovat; peltojen; pentti; pohjaan; putket; runsaasti; ruotsissa; saadaan; salaojien; salaojituksen; salaojitus; sekä; siitä; sillä; siten; soraa; suhteessa; suomen; suomessa; tai; tapauksessa; tulee; tällä; tämä; tässä; usein; vain; veden; vielä; voidaan; vuoden; vuodessa; vuotta; water; yhteydessä cache: afs-71290.pdf plain text: afs-71290.txt item: #780 of 2310 id: afs-71291 author: Salonen, Martti title: Muokkauskerroksen alla olevien maakerrosten merkityksestä kasvinviljelyssä date: 1951 words: 4038 flesch: 59 summary: Putkien täytteenä käytettiin hienoa, valkeaa kvartsihiekkaa, joka oli pesty ensin laimealla suolahapolla ja sitten runsaalla vedellä ja lopuksi kuivattu ja hehku- tettu. Putket sijoitettiin kunkin koeruudun toiseen puoliskoon, ja muokkauskerroksen maa sullottiin huolellisesti paikoilleen, jolloin sen syvyydeksi järjestettiin tasan 20 cm. keywords: alla; eri; että; hyvin; juuret; kasvaneiden; kasvien; kasvit; kuin; maa; muokkauskerroksen; mutta; myös; npk; ole; oli; olivat; ovat; plants; pohjamaahan; pohjamaassa; putkissa; subsoil; tehtiin; vain; vapaasti; voi; voidaan cache: afs-71291.pdf plain text: afs-71291.txt item: #781 of 2310 id: afs-71292 author: Olsonen, K. title: Röllit (Agrostis Spp.), rikkaruohojako vai hyötykasveja? date: 1951 words: 2168 flesch: 53 summary: Ruotsin siementarkastuslaitos ilmoittaa vielä, että amerikkalaisissa rönsyröllin (Agrostis stolonifera L.) siemenissä esiintyviä Agrostis Ellotiana- ja Agrostis hiemalis-röllien siemeniä he pitävät rikkaruohoina. Sillä kun rollien siemeniä ei enää ole rikkaruo- hojen siementen joukossa ja niitä on tilastomme mukaan ollut timotein siementen joukossa keskimäärin lähes puoli prosenttia, on vähimpiä vaatimuksia määrättäessä timotein siemenissä sallittua korkeinta rikkaruohojen siementen määrää alennettu puolella prosentilla. keywords: agrostis; der; että; hyötykasveina; kun; mutta; ovat; pidetään; rikkaruohoina; rollin; rönsyröllin; sen; sibth; siemenet; siemeniä; siementen; stolonifera; timotein cache: afs-71292.pdf plain text: afs-71292.txt item: #782 of 2310 id: afs-71293 author: Vuorinen, Jouko title: Bernhard Aarnio date: 1951 words: 6407 flesch: 68 summary: Maaperän ja kasvillisuuden suhde ja maan ravinteisuus ja viljavuus on tutki- muksen ja käsittelyn aiheena 28;ssa Aarnion julkaisussa (1921—43). p. 119— 123. keywords: aarnio; abteilung; agrogeol; aikak; als; auch; auf; berlin; bernhard; bodenkundlichen; den; der; des; die; finnland; für; helsinki; hän; ibid; int; jahre; jahresbericht; jouko; julk; kanssa; kartta; karttoja; landwirtschaftlichen; maan; mit; myös; oli; porvoo; porvoo helsinki; ref; sekä; soil; summary; suomen; tätigkeit; und; untersuchungen; versuchsanstalt; von; wurde; über cache: afs-71293.pdf plain text: afs-71293.txt item: #783 of 2310 id: afs-71294 author: Arnala, Risto title: Sipulin naattihomeen torjunnasta date: 1951 words: 4195 flesch: 54 summary: st/1 % Unbespritzet 534 ±9.3 % 77 19.8 79 —i> 0.2 % Perenox + 1 % Kiinnite 506 ±4.3 % 74 17.0 67 Vesi i/2 t. ±4o° ±6.9 % 156 72.1 109 »> 3 o » 3 » 2139 ±6.3 % 121 58.4 88 Kuiva 3t. ±4O°C —Trocken 3st +4O C 2528 ±7.9 % 143 69.5 105 » 6 » » keywords: +4o; den; der; die; että; falschen; istukassipulin; kuparikalkki; käsittely; mehltau; naattihomeen; oli; perenox; pflanzen; rikkikalkki; sen; sijaan; sipulin; tabelle; vaikutus; valkoöljyemulsio; von; weissölemulsion cache: afs-71294.pdf plain text: afs-71294.txt item: #784 of 2310 id: afs-71295 author: Hårdh, H. J. E. title: Keltamuumiotaudin tarttuvaisuudesta sekä sen ehkäisemisestä Paration-valmisteilla date: 1951 words: 3296 flesch: 57 summary: „ „ n „„ „„ Soaking in o.i % Parathion as above ' ' for 48 hours H. J. E. HARDH84 Taulukosta 2. nähdään, että 24 tunnin liotus vesijohtovedessä aiheutti hedel- missä pinnan halkeilemista, mikä johtui nestepaineen lisääntymisestä hedelmän sisässä. A. käsittelemätön untreated B. liotus vesijohtovedessä 24 t. soaking in tap water for 24 h. C. upotus 0.1 % sublimaattiliuokseen dipping in 0.1 % mercuric chloridi D. upotus 0.05% CuS04-liuokseen dipping in 0.0,5% CuSOt. keywords: apples; brown; dipping; eri; että; fructigena; growth; hedelmien; hedelmän; hours; kuromia; liotus; nesteessä; parathion; rot; sekä; sen; sienen; upotus cache: afs-71295.pdf plain text: afs-71295.txt item: #785 of 2310 id: afs-71296 author: Kivinen, Erkki title: Englannin ja Skotlannin soista date: 1951 words: 3672 flesch: 59 summary: Leimaa-antavia ovat Scirpus ja kanerva ja niiden lisäk- si tavataan Eriophorum vaginatum, Narthecium ossifragum, Molinia sekä eräitä saroja ja Juncus-lajeja.. Kukkula- Sekasoita on hyvin monenlaisia ja niiden kas- villisuus vaihtelevaa. keywords: englannin; eriophorum; erittäin; että; hyvin; joissa; joka; kuin; molinia; moss; mutta; myös; niiden; ollut; ovat; phragmites; runsaasti; scirpus; sekä; skotlannin; soiden; soilla; soista; suon; tai; tavallisesti; tavataan; turpeen; turpeiden; turve; turvetta; verraten cache: afs-71296.pdf plain text: afs-71296.txt item: #786 of 2310 id: afs-71297 author: Poijärvi, Ilmari title: Versuche über die Bedeutung von methyl-thiouracil bei der Mastfütterung von alten Milchkühen date: 1951 words: 4432 flesch: 64 summary: Die Kühe waren in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt, die in Alter und Gewicht möglichst gleich waren. Die Kühe der einen Gruppe erhielten ausserdem täglich je Tier 100 g »Vevoron», ein Präparat, das etwa 5 % 4-Methyl-2-Thiouracil enthält. keywords: als; auch; auf; aus; bei; beiden; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; gewicht; gruppen; hat; ist; kuh; kühe; lebendgewicht; mehr; mit; nach; nicht; nur; sich; sind; thiouracil; thiouracilgruppe; und; versuche; von cache: afs-71297.pdf plain text: afs-71297.txt item: #787 of 2310 id: afs-71298 author: Tulander, Majlis title: Luettelo Suomessa julkaistuista juoksevista sarjoista ja aikakauslehdistä maatalouden, eläinlääkinnän, metsätalouden, metsästyksen ja kalastuksen aloilta date: 1951 words: 5023 flesch: 39 summary: Stambok över djur av ayrshireras i Finland = Suomen ayrshirekarjan kantakirja. Hki = Helsinki. keywords: agricultural; association; central; engl; finland; finn; finnish; forestry; för; hfors; hki; journal; julkaisuja; keskusliitto; publications; report; society; summ; suomen; svenska; swed; vuosikertomus; vuosikirja cache: afs-71298.pdf plain text: afs-71298.txt item: #788 of 2310 id: afs-71299 author: Jensen, H. L. title: Om jordbundens mikroflora i dens almene forhold til plantevæksten: Referat af Foredrag ved Nordiske Jordbrugsforskeres Förenings finske Afdelings Aarsmode i Helsingfors 1951 date: 1951 words: 3380 flesch: 57 summary: Og endelig: Hvis saadanne Stoffer dannes, hvilke er da deres kemiske Karak- ter, og har man Mulighed for at drage Fordel af deres Den Procentdel af det primaert omsatte organiske Stof, der omdannes til Cellemateriale og maa passere herjgennem, for der mineraliseres, varierer efter Omstaendighederne, men synes at kunne naa indtil Halvdelen. keywords: bakterier; den; der; deres; det; har; ikke; jorden; kan; man; med; men; organiske; paa; saaledes; som; stof; stoffer; til cache: afs-71299.pdf plain text: afs-71299.txt item: #789 of 2310 id: afs-71300 author: Salonen, Martti title: Havaintoja muutamien nurmikasvien kehityksestä kylvökesän aikana date: 1951 words: 5315 flesch: 72 summary: Taimet hyvin pieniä ja hentoja, mutta elinvoimaisen näköisiä. Taimet ovat hyvin hentoja ja nuutuneen näköisiä, eivätkä vaikuta elinvoimaisille. keywords: alla; hyvin; juuret; juuria; juurien; kasvaneet; korkeus; lehteä; läpim; mutta; nurmikasvien; oli; osat; ovat; pituus; roots; suojaviljan; suurin; suurin syvyys; syvyys; taimisto; todettu; vain; versoa; vielä cache: afs-71300.pdf plain text: afs-71300.txt item: #790 of 2310 id: afs-71301 author: Nikkilä, O. E. title: Antibioottisten aineitten käyttömahdollisuuksista ruokatavaran säilytyksessä date: 1951 words: 934 flesch: 39 summary: Kuitenkin neljä aerobista ja molemmat anaerobiset, nimittäin Clostridium botulinum ja mädätys- bakteeri N.C.A.No. Andersen ja Michener (1, 2,3) ovat saaneet edellisiä parempia tuloksia käyt- tämällä antibioottisia aineita lievän kuumennuksen ohella. keywords: aineitten; antibiotics; chem; että; food; myös; preservation; ruokatavarain cache: afs-71301.pdf plain text: afs-71301.txt item: #791 of 2310 id: afs-71302 author: Koivisto, Esko title: Kulutusmaidon kysynnän joustavuus date: 1951 words: 1193 flesch: 40 summary: Viime aikoina on Valtion maitotalouskoelaitoksessa suoritettu kulutusmaidon ja maitotaloustuotteiden kysynnän hinta- Kulutuksen muutosten ja toiselta puolen hintojen tai tulojen vaihteluiden välinen yhteys ilmaistaan ns. keywords: demand; elasticity; että; hintajoustavuus; hintojen; kulutusmaidon; kysynnän; sekä cache: afs-71302.pdf plain text: afs-71302.txt item: #792 of 2310 id: afs-71303 author: Pohjakallio, Onni ; Ollila, Laila; Paasi, Kerttu title: Investigations into the significance of photosynthesis in resistance to plant diseases date: 1951 words: 2893 flesch: 62 summary: Effect of light on the incidence of Pythium damping-off disease in radishes Percentage of light intensity outdoors Total Infection of dead 67 53 46 38 33 30conditions seedlings Dead seedlings (%) % On shooting with continuous additional light. . On the other hand, the experimental results do not show whether the increasing effect of additional light on resistance to diseases was based on intensified photosynthesis alone or whether, alongside that also factors connected with photoperiodic irritation had some in- fluence. Conclusions. keywords: botrytis; cells; clover; disease; light; photosynthesis; red; resistance cache: afs-71303.pdf plain text: afs-71303.txt item: #793 of 2310 id: afs-71304 author: Keso, Lauri title: Salaojitusmenetelemistä date: 1951 words: 6870 flesch: 55 summary: Kaitera esittää, tarvitaan sala- ojaa hehtaarille yleensä n. 900 m. Käytettäessä 15 m 3 hehtaarille olisi soraa sala- ojissa keskimäärin 13 sm leveälti ja vahvalti ja 29 m 3 käytettäessä 17 sm leveälti ja vahvalti. Hyvin ymmärrettävästi auran antura tällöin laasteroi kuivumisraot ja juurien ja matojen tekemät reijät tukkoon. keywords: aivan; eikä; erikoisesti; ettei; että; huomioon; hyvin; joissa; joka; jolloin; jos; jälkeen; kaitera; kohden; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; käytetään; käyttää; lauri; liian; maa; maissa; meillä; metriä; mitä; mukaan; mutta; myös; niin; näin; näissä; ojituksessa; ole; olevan; oli; olisi; olivat; olleet; ollut; onkin; ovat; paljon; prof; putket; putkien; ruotsissa; salaojituksen; salaojitusyhdistys; sekä; sen; siitä; syvyyttä; syvän; syvässä; syytä; tai; tällöin; tämän; tässä; vaan; vain; varsin; veden; vielä; voidaan; vuoksi; yleensä cache: afs-71304.pdf plain text: afs-71304.txt item: #794 of 2310 id: afs-71305 author: Nikkilä, O. E. title: Loss of weight in dry-salting of fish date: 1951 words: 759 flesch: 74 summary: Fish salted with 30 or 25 kg. of salt per 100 kg. of fish was of good quality. On the basis of these results it is possible to calculate in advance the yield of salted fish (Baltic herring), and to determine when the salting has run to an end. keywords: fish cache: afs-71305.pdf plain text: afs-71305.txt item: #795 of 2310 id: afs-71306 author: Kaitera, Pentti title: Pekka Aaron Kokkonen date: 1951 words: 2529 flesch: 54 summary: »Käypä hinta» ja »järkevän ostajan hinta». Maanmittausopetuksen uusiminen Teknillisessä korkeakoulussa vuonna 1942 ja sen vertailu aikai sempaan. keywords: aaron; aikakauskirja; als; auf; das; den; der; die; havaintoja; helsinki; hän; ibid; kokkonen; maan; oli; sen; suomen; und; von; vuosina; war; über cache: afs-71306.pdf plain text: afs-71306.txt item: #796 of 2310 id: afs-71307 author: Pesola, Vilho A. title: Lantsträsädes- och ärtsorternas tidigare och nutida utbredning i Finland, deras egenskaper och betydelse för växtförädlingen samt tillvaratagningen av desamma date: 1951 words: 7602 flesch: 62 summary: Det åländska vårvetet hade ax av Kolben-typ och även Alavus-vetets ax är vitt, glatt och bortslöst, men någorlunda kort och tätt och påminner Höstrågen bestod år 1928 av 18 lantsorter och av dessa finnes fortfarande 10 kvar (icke desamma som 196 VILHO A. PESOLA 1928). keywords: att; beträffande; del; den; der; dessa; det; detta; die; egenskaper; finland; finska; från; för; förädlingar; har; helsinki; hos; ibid; kan; lantsorter; linjer; maatalouskoet; man; med; men; mycket; några; och; pesola; resultat; samt; sauli; sig; som; tammisto; tiedonant; utländska; valt; var; vid; vilka; voro; äro; även; åren; över cache: afs-71307.pdf plain text: afs-71307.txt item: #797 of 2310 id: afs-71308 author: Kaila, Armi title: Influence of legumes on microbial activity in soil date: 1951 words: 4465 flesch: 63 summary: First an examination of the nitrification of soil nitrogen was performed. Thus the results represent, at least in the main, the nitrification of soil nitrogen, including nitrogen of the excretions, provided such exist, and of the decomposed root matter. keywords: crop; influence; legumes; nitrification; nitrogen; oats; pea; plants; rhizosphere; samples; soil; vetch cache: afs-71308.pdf plain text: afs-71308.txt item: #798 of 2310 id: afs-71309 author: Virri, T. J. title: Herne-kauran viljelystä date: 1951 words: 3255 flesch: 72 summary: Koneellisen niiton estymättä voi- daan useissa tapauksissa käyttää niinkin suurta herneen ja kauran seos-suhdetta kuin 3:1, vieläpä 4:1. ja keywords: der; die; erbse; esim; että; hafer; herneen; hernekauran; kauran; keskim; kuin; mittel; nurmen; oli cache: afs-71309.pdf plain text: afs-71309.txt item: #799 of 2310 id: afs-71310 author: Haapanen, Arvo title: Yleisimpien puutarhakasvien suomenkielinen nimistö date: 1951 words: 4698 flesch: 37 summary: Artemisia ab- rötanum aaroninparta Saxifraga sarmen- tösa agaave Agåve ahkeraliisa— Impätiens-lajeja ajuruoho Thymus akaasia Acäcia akankaali Åjuga akileija Aquilégia alpi Lysimächia alppikello Soldanélla alppiruusu Rhododendron alppitähti Leontopödium alvejuuri Dryöpteris amaryllis (aito) Amaryllis bella- donna Amazonin lilja Éucharis ampiaisyrtti Dracocéphalum ananas Ananas angervo Filipéndula; myös -+ heisiä., jaloa., pensasa., pih- laja-a., töyhtöä. kallioinen Erigeron kalliokielo Polygönatum kamelia Camellia kangasvuokko Pulsatilla ver- nälis kanna Cänna kannusruoho Linaria ka nukka Cörnus karhunköynnös Calystégia karstaohdake Dipsacus karviainen Ribes üva-crispa kataja Juniperus katkero Gentiäna katleija Cattléya kaunokainen Bellis kaunokki Centauréa kaunosilmä— Coreopsis kaurajuuri Tragopögon porri- fölius kehäkukka Calendula keijunkukka Heuchéra keikarinkukka Gardenia keisarinkmunu Lilium bulbi- ferum kello Campanula; myös -*■ alppik., jalok.,kevätk., lumik. keywords: aito; alba; alpina; alpinum; ananas; artemisia; artisokka; chinénsis; chrysanthemum; communis; että; euphorbia; harmaa; horténsis; hybrida; iso; jalo; japanin; japönica; keltainen; komea; kukka; lajeja; lychnis; malva; myös; nimistön; nimiä; officinalis; ole; palava; pihlaja; prunus; purpurea; puutarhakasvien; saksan; sativum; sekamuotoineen; senécio; silvéstris; siperian; spléndens; ssp; tavallinen; toimikunta; vulgaris cache: afs-71310.pdf plain text: afs-71310.txt item: #800 of 2310 id: afs-71311 author: Virolainen, Johannes title: Sivuansiotulojen merkityksestä Suomen pienviljelijäväestön taloudessa date: 1952 words: 8226 flesch: 62 summary: ja kotieläintuotevarastojen lisäys ja kotieläinten arvon lisäys. 4. ja uittotyöläiset ja heidän palkkansa. keywords: 100,0; alueilla; bruttotulosta; earnings; ensimmäisen; eri; etelä; että; farmers; finland; helsinki; income; joiden; kohden; koillisja; koko; kuin; kun; merkitys; mukaan; myös; oli; olivat; osoittaa; osuus; ovat; peltoalan; pohjois; rahatulojen; saatu; saatujen; sekä; sivuansioiden; sivuansioista; sivuansiotuloista; sivuansiotulojen; subsidiary; suomen; suomessa; suomi; suuruusluokan; talouden; taulukko; tutkimuksen; viljelmillä; viljelmää; yleensä cache: afs-71311.pdf plain text: afs-71311.txt item: #801 of 2310 id: afs-71312 author: Pohjakallio, Onni title: Kauran nokitaudin ilmenemisestä erilaisissa valoisuussuhteissa date: 1952 words: 1751 flesch: 63 summary: Saman suuntainen vaikutus kuin päivän pituudella on kauran elontoimintaan, mm. kehityksen nopeuteen ja energiatalouteen, on myös valon intensiteetillä (2,3), ja kauran nopean kasvun on selitetty voivan katkaista nokitauti-infektion kulun (1). Ununterbrochene Belichtung Anfangs io St, danach 24 (%) Si LichtjTg maarm von der __ keywords: der; die; että; kauran; oli; päivän; taulukko; vaikutus; valoisuus; valon; von cache: afs-71312.pdf plain text: afs-71312.txt item: #802 of 2310 id: afs-71313 author: Pesola, Vilho A. title: Kulttuurikasvupaikkain kasvit Kuusamossa ja Sallassa yli kolme vuosikymmentä sitten date: 1952 words: 1284 flesch: 68 summary: Salla, Yli-Kurtti, Soppelan talo, piha ja tunkio 21. Kuusamon ja Sallan kulttuurikasvupaikkain kasvit v. 1917. keywords: + +; kuolajärvi; ohrapelto; piha; salla; talon; yli cache: afs-71313.pdf plain text: afs-71313.txt item: #803 of 2310 id: afs-71314 author: Poijärvi, Ilmari title: Orientierende versuche über den Einfluss der Futtergrösse auf die Verweildauer der futterbestandteile im magen-darmkanal der Wiederkäuer date: 1952 words: 1511 flesch: 59 summary: Die oben beschriebenen Versuche, bei denen die verschiedenen Versuchstiere in einer Zeit von 20 Tagen aus gleichen Futtermitteln in gleichen gegenseitigen Verhältnissen zusammengesetzte, verschieden grosse Futterrationen, von denen eine durch unverdauliches Cr20 3 gekennzeichnet wurde, erhielten, haben erwiesen, dass die Bestandteile einer grösseren Futterration durchschnittlich kürzere Zeit im Magen-Darmkanal von Wiederkäuern bleiben als die einer kleineren. Die Grösse der Futtergabe ist in dieser Hinsicht von unverkennbarem Einfluss gewesen. keywords: dass; den; der; die; einer; hammel; heu; ist; kot; und; von cache: afs-71314.pdf plain text: afs-71314.txt item: #804 of 2310 id: afs-71315 author: Kaitera, Pentti title: Iivo Artturi Hallakorpi date: 1952 words: 4965 flesch: 48 summary: ja maanviljelysinsinööri Pentti Kaiteran väitöskirja »Lumen kevätsulamisesta ja sen vaikutuksesta vesi- 44 PENTTI KATTE RA väylien purkautumissuhteisiin Suomessa» 29.4. Hän säännöllisesti kaipasi aivan viime päiviinsä saakka tiedoituksia siitä, mitä maa- talouden vesirakennuksen alalla, sekä käytännön töissä että tutkimustyössä suori- tettiin, ja vaikka hän ei kyennyt enää hallitsemaan ruumistaan eikä saanut puhet- taan kuuluville, niin hänen silmiensä kirkas loiste osoitti hänen hengessä olevan vielä kaikessa mukana. keywords: aikakauslehti; als; artturi; auch; auf; bei; das; dem; den; der; des; die; eripainos; für; hallakorpi; helsinki; hän; hänen; jahre; kobenhavn; landwirtschaftlichen; livo; maatalouden; maatalous; mit; myös; nach; oli; pentti; porvoo; professor; seine; sekä; sich; sowie; suomen; teknillinen; tätigkeit; und; von; vuonna; vuosina; war; wurde; zum; über cache: afs-71315.pdf plain text: afs-71315.txt item: #805 of 2310 id: afs-71316 author: Hirsjärvi, Vilho P. title: Über die Wasseraufnahmefähigkeit der samen vom Winterrübsen, Brassica rapa f. oleifera subf. Biennis date: 1952 words: 4270 flesch: 73 summary: Die Versuche wurden im März—Juni 1951 mit Samen aus der Ernte des Jahres 1950ausgeführt, der dem Laboratorium von der Zentralgenossenschaft Hankkija G.m.b.H. zugestellt worden war. Vielleicht ist jedoch der Wassergehalt der Samen in diesem Falle in der Gleichgewichtslage ein wenig zu hoch. keywords: abb; auf; bei; dass; den; der; des; die; feuchtigkeit; ist; kurve; luftfeuchtigkeit; relat; samen; sich; tabelle; und; versuche; vom; von; wassergehalt; ±0.02; ±0.03; ±o.ol cache: afs-71316.pdf plain text: afs-71316.txt item: #806 of 2310 id: afs-71317 author: Virri, T. J. title: Olkisilppujen käytöstä kylvöksen katteena date: 1952 words: 3345 flesch: 63 summary: Heinän oras jäi tällöin samalla tavalla harvaksi ja aukkoiseksi kuin edellisenäkin vuonna, ja sadon vähennys oli ilmeinen, joskaan sen silmävaraista tarkempaan määrittämi- seen ei ollut seuranneiden sotavuosien aikana tilaisuutta. Kain hernekauran pahnoja ei kuitenkaan analysoitu, ja kun herneen ja kauran oljet ovat eri arvoisia, ei sanottuja normeja voitu käyttää näihin nähden, vaan arvioitiin sekapahnoja rehuyksikköön kaikissa tapauksissa 3,7 kg. keywords: alla; auf; den; der; die; että; hafer; katteen; kuin; kun; lämpötila; maan; myös; oli; olkia; olkikatteen; sadon; stroh; syvyydessä; ton; vaikutus cache: afs-71317.pdf plain text: afs-71317.txt item: #807 of 2310 id: afs-71318 author: Kaitera, Pentti title: Peltojen salaojituksesta II date: 1952 words: 1808 flesch: 48 summary: Senjälkeen kun esitelmäni oli pidetty, on Ruotsissa jul- kaistu komiteanmietintö koneellisesta salaojituksesta (7), ja siinäkin on kiinnitetty tähän seikkaan huomiota sekä arvioitu, että myös Ruotsissa olisi tähänastista suu- remmassa määrässä käytettävä hajaojitusta (behovsdikning) järjestelmällisen oji- tuksen asemesta. Eräs nykyisen salaojitustoiminnan heikkouksia on se, että siinä esiintyvät työt ovat pääosaltaan ammattityövoimalla suoritettavia (5) ja siten suurin osa kustannuksista täytyy rahana maksaa maatilalta pois sensijaan, että maanviljelijät voisivat itse työn suorittaa silloin, kun muilta töiltään joutavat. keywords: että; hän; keso; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; meillä; ole; ovat; pentti; prof; ruotsissa; salaojituksesta; sen; suomessa; tai; tässä; vain; vielä; voidaan cache: afs-71318.pdf plain text: afs-71318.txt item: #808 of 2310 id: afs-71319 author: Kaila, Armi; Pohjanpää, Anja-Meri title: Observations on the effect of „Fertosan“- and „QR“- preparations upon the humification of straw date: 1952 words: 3248 flesch: 55 summary: A treatment with »Fertosan» or »OR» had no effect on the velocity of the de- composition, since the losses of dry matter in the »Fertosan» -or »QR»-pots were not higher than in the corresponding pots without the preparations. In the series with farm manure 250 gof fresh manure was mixed with dry straw before packing. keywords: decomposition; experiments; fertilizers; manure; matter; nitrogen; phosphorus; straw cache: afs-71319.pdf plain text: afs-71319.txt item: #809 of 2310 id: afs-71320 author: Suomela, Samuli title: Tuloslukujen vaihtelusta maataloudessa date: 1952 words: 8676 flesch: 57 summary: Tut- kimuksen kohteena ovat olleet maatalousomaisuudessa, työnmenekissä, satotulok- sissa, rahatuloissa ja -menoissa, kokonaistuotossa, liikekustannuksessa sekä erikseen tärkeimmissä tuotto- ja kustannuserissä ja liikeylijäämässä eri viljelmien välillä ilmenevät vaihtelut. Tulosten suhteen on otettava huomioon, että tutkimuksessa on käsitelty ainoas- taan, kuinka suuri tuloslukujen vaihtelu on ollut, ja missä määrin on mahdollista vaihtelu ja viljelmien lukumäärä huomioon otettuna saada luotettavia tuloksia kirjanpitoviljelmiltä. keywords: alueen; bookkeeping; class; eri; esitetty; etelä; että; farms; finland; joilla; jos; keskiarvon; keskiarvosta; kirjanpitoviljelmillä; kokonaistuoton; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kysymyksessä; liikeylijäämän; maatalouden; mean; myös; neliöhajonta; ole; ollut; operating; ovat; perusteella; results; return; sen; siten; sitä; size; south; suomen; suurempi; tai; tapauksissa; tilivuonna; tuloslukujen; vaihtelu; vaihtelusta; vain; viljelmien; voidaan; year cache: afs-71320.pdf plain text: afs-71320.txt item: #810 of 2310 id: afs-71321 author: Pohjakallio, Onni title: Suomen paikallisissa lannoituskokeissa esiintyneiden huippusatojen jakautuneisuus eri leveyspiireille date: 1952 words: 1157 flesch: 55 summary: Huippusatoraja on ollut niin korkea, että se on saavutettu vain tapauksissa, joissa kasvualustan kunto, kosteussuhteet ja taudit eivät ole sanot- tavasti rajoittaneet kasvua. The number of local fertilizing experiments and the peak yields Kokeiden luku Huippusatoja (%) Number of experiments Peak yields (%) keywords: että; huippusadot; ibid; kuin; lannoituskokeet; paikalliset; peak; suomessa; vuonna; yields cache: afs-71321.pdf plain text: afs-71321.txt item: #811 of 2310 id: afs-71322 author: Olsonen, K. title: Humala- ja apilavieraan siemenet suomessa kasvaneissa timotein ja apilan siemenissä date: 1952 words: 1071 flesch: 49 summary: Siementimoteita korjattaessa nämä nokkoset loisineen ovat tulleet mukaan ja lm- malavieraan siemenet timotein siementen joukkoon. Oikeastaan nämä siemenet olisi pitänyt viljellä ja niistä kasvaneista kasveista määrittää, minkä Cuscuta-lajin siemeniä ne todella ovat. keywords: cuscuta; etelä; kasvien; oli; ovat; samen; sen; siemenet; siemeniä; tavattu cache: afs-71322.pdf plain text: afs-71322.txt item: #812 of 2310 id: afs-71323 author: Kaila, Armi; Kivinen, Pertti title: Observations on the effect of organic materila upon aggregation and nitrate-nitrogen content of soil date: 1952 words: 3182 flesch: 54 summary: Generally, the degree of immobilization of soil nitrogen seemed largely to depend on the properties of soil and on other environmental conditions, and nitrogen applications, theoretically enough for the needs of microorganisms that decomposed the strawr , could not always prevent an intensive absorption of soil nitrogen. The silt soil used in the former experiment seems to have been richer in mo- bilizable nitrogen than the latter one, the finesand clay sample, since in the former the double amount of nitrogen fertilizers has been enough to maintain the level of nitrate-nitrogen equal to that in the untreated one.ln spite of nitrogen applications, after an incubation of 240 days no mineral nitrogen could be found in the finesand clay sample treated with straw. keywords: clay; days; effect; nitrogen; samples; soil; straw cache: afs-71323.pdf plain text: afs-71323.txt item: #813 of 2310 id: afs-71324 author: Salonen, Martti title: Vaihtuvien emästen ja vaihtuvan vedyn kokonaismäärien käytöstä maan kalkintarpeen arvioimisessa date: 1952 words: 3688 flesch: 55 summary: tn ha kalkkikivijauhetta aiheuttamat muutokset vaihtuvien emästen kokonaismäärissä ja vaihtuvan vedyn määrissä eri maalajeilla. Tässä yhteydessä kiinnostavin on kalkituksen aiheuttama muutos vaihtuvien emäs- ten ja vaihtuvan vedyn kokonaismäärissä. keywords: bases; calcium; emästen; eri; että; hydrogen; jos; kalkin; kalkintarpeen; kalkituksen; kuin; kun; liming; maan; mukaan; mutta; saatiin; sillä; soil; sum; vaihtuvan; vedyn cache: afs-71324.pdf plain text: afs-71324.txt item: #814 of 2310 id: afs-71325 author: Kananoja, Paavo title: Karjantarkkailutoiminnan kustannukset tarkkailuvuosina 1948/49 ja 1949/50 date: 1952 words: 3583 flesch: 64 summary: lehmää kohti sekä pro- senttina kokonaiskustannuksista on muodostunut eri yhdistyksissä ja eri alueilla varsin erilaiseksi, kuten taulukko s:n luvuista käy selville. 1948/49 608 mk ja tv. keywords: cost; cows; eri; että; hämeen; keskimäärin; kohti; koko; kuin; kustannukset; lehmää; läänin; ovat; recording; suomen; valtion cache: afs-71325.pdf plain text: afs-71325.txt item: #815 of 2310 id: afs-71326 author: Vainikainen, Viljo ; Hakola, Rauha title: Suomalaisen lampaan villasta ja sen tuotantoon vaikuttavista ulkonaisista tekijöistä date: 1952 words: 3532 flesch: 51 summary: Tämän mukaan ovat lampaat kesäkautena 100 päivässä tuottaneet keskimäärin 966.8+24.0 g villaa sekä talvikautena vastaavasti 601 +2l g ja kevät- kautena 476.6+23 g. Kesäkaudella on siis ratkaiseva osuus villantuotannossamme. Edellä on toisessa yhteydessä jo todettu, että epäedulliset ulkonaiset tekijät vaikuttavat haitallisesti talvi- ja kevätvillan tuotantomäärään Tästä syystä on seu- 160 VILJO VAINIKAINEN JA RAUHA HAKOLA raavassa villan hienouden ja määrän välistä vuorosuhdetta laskettaessa käytetty yksinomaan kesäkauden aineistoa, ja on r:n arvoksi saatu + Mainitusta kertoimesta, joka on lukuarvoltaan merkittävän korkea, samalla kun se on mate- maattisesti varma, ilmenee selvästi, että villan muuttuessa karkeammaksi, villa- määrä lisääntyy. keywords: aineistoon; als; bei; dass; der; des; die; eri; että; gewesen; hat; ist; kesäkauden; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kuten; lampaan; lampaiden; mukaan; ole; olleet; ollut; ovat; schafe; sekä; sind; suomalaisen; talvija; tutkimuksessa; tämän; und; villan; villasta; von; wolle cache: afs-71326.pdf plain text: afs-71326.txt item: #816 of 2310 id: afs-71327 author: Paloheimo, Lauri; Mäkelä, Aarne title: The rate of passage of food in the digestive tract of ruminants date: 1952 words: 2016 flesch: 61 summary: The German authors especially express the rate of passage of food residues through the alimentary canal either as the time between the ingestion of a food portion and the first appearance of its residues in the faeces or as the time between ingestion and the last finding of the residues in the faeces. Poijärvi in his experiments with wethers using chromium oxide as tracer tested the delay of food residues in the digestive tract. keywords: daily; food; hay; matter; rumen; time; tract cache: afs-71327.pdf plain text: afs-71327.txt item: #817 of 2310 id: afs-71328 author: Saarinen, P. title: Preliminary study of the relationships between the blood mineral composition of dairy cows and the milk and milk fat yield simultaneously obtained date: 1952 words: 1910 flesch: 57 summary: The amounts of blood minerals are expressed on the axes of abscissas in terms of milligram equivalents per liter of blood. The fluctuations in the amount of blood minerals however may either have direct effects on milk secretion, e.g. by changing the electric charges of colloids, or they may be secondary, e.g. subordinate to variations in the hormonal control. keywords: blood; calcium; fat; milk; study cache: afs-71328.pdf plain text: afs-71328.txt item: #818 of 2310 id: afs-71329 author: Lonka, T. title: Maidon rasvan ja valkuaisen keskinäisestä suhteesta date: 1952 words: 1741 flesch: 47 summary: Kysymystä käsittelevät tutkimukset viittaavat siis siihen, että maidon rasva- ja valkuaispitoisuus periytyvät ainakin osaksi itsenäisesti toisistaan riippumatta. Analyysit on suoritettu Valion Tampereen laboratoriossa ja on valkuaispitoisuus määritetty n.s. formaliinititrausta käyttäen sekä maidon rasvapitoisuus Gerber- menetelmällä. keywords: eri; että; fat; kuin; maidon; myös; niin; perusteella; rasvaja; rasvan; rasvapitoisuuden; valkuaispitoisuuden; valkuaista cache: afs-71329.pdf plain text: afs-71329.txt item: #819 of 2310 id: afs-71330 author: Heinonen, Reijo title: Mekaanisesta maa-analyysistä date: 1953 words: 2937 flesch: 61 summary: 2 mm;n seulan läpäissyttä ainesta punnitaan 100 g ja siitä seulotaan vedellä jakuivana 0.6 mm, 0.2 mm ja 0.06 mm fraktiot. ja 8 t. kuuluvat, saadaan jälempänä esitetyn asetelman mukaan alifraktioiden laskeutumisajoiksi 50 sek:n asemesta 29 sek. keywords: -määrä; clay; että; fraktioiden; joka; maa; min; mmm; mutta; paino; sand; sek; seulan; soil; suspension; tällöin; weight cache: afs-71330.pdf plain text: afs-71330.txt item: #820 of 2310 id: afs-71331 author: Kurkela, Rakel; Korhonen, Eeva; Rossander, Marjatta; Roine, Paavo title: Suomalaisen leivän fytiinihappopitoisuudesta date: 1953 words: 2875 flesch: 56 summary: Tästä liuoksesta pipetoitiin 10 ml ja säestet- tiin 2 mhlla FeCl 3-liuosta (pro 20 ml ja 4 ml). Määritykset suoritettiin kaikkiaan 30 happamasta ja happamattomasta leivästä, joista 21 näytettä oli tehdasvalmisteista, 3 maalaisleipää ja 6 leipää valmistettiin itse. keywords: acid; bread; content; eri; että; fytiinihapon; fytiinihaposta; fytiinihappopitoisuudesta; helsinki; jauhojen; kuin; leipien; leivän; meal; oli; rye; wheat cache: afs-71331.pdf plain text: afs-71331.txt item: #821 of 2310 id: afs-71332 author: Oksanen, Erkki H. title: Havaintoja pihatoista kylmillä seuduilla date: 1953 words: 1591 flesch: 54 summary: On myös väitetty heinänkulu- tuksen lisääntyvän suuresti, ja lehmien kärsivän kylmyydestä, tuotannon vähene- vän jne. laitteet ja karjanhoitotöiden järjestely. keywords: barns; housing; kuin; kuivikemenekki; lehmien; lehmät; loose; mukaan; mutta; pihaton; pihatossa; pihatto; suurempi cache: afs-71332.pdf plain text: afs-71332.txt item: #822 of 2310 id: afs-71333 author: Gyllenberg, Helge; Rossander, Marjatta; Roine, Paavo title: Askorbiinihapon ja dehydroaskorbiinihapon määristä maidossa eri käsittely- ja säilytysvaiheissa date: 1953 words: 4799 flesch: 44 summary: Näissä koe-olosuhteissa on siis askorbiinihappo pääasiassa hapettunut dehydroaskorbiinihapoksi, jota tapah- tumaa ruskea lasi on selvästi ehkäissyt, ja dehydroaskorbiinihapon edelleen muut- tumista on tapahtunut melko vähäisessä määrässä. Tutkittaessa valon vaikutusta askorbiinihapon ja dehydroaskorbiinihapon määriin maidossa todettiin varjostetun päivänvalon aiheuttavan pääasiassa askor- biinihapon hapettumista dehydroaskorbiinihapoksi, kokonais-C-vitamimipitoisuu- den säilyessä lähes muuttumattomana. keywords: acid; ascorbic; ascorbic acid; content; dehydroascorbic; dehydroaskorbiinihapon; effect; että; hand; kokeen; kokonais; kuin; kuitenkin; maidon; maidossa; milk; mutta; myös; oli; ovat; reduction; sen; siten; total; tätä; vaikutus; vitamiinin; vitamin; vitamin c cache: afs-71333.pdf plain text: afs-71333.txt item: #823 of 2310 id: afs-71334 author: Juusela, Taneli title: Salaojituskoetoiminnasta Suomessa date: 1953 words: 7416 flesch: 59 summary: Salaojien etäisyydet ja ojamäärä hehtaaria kohden laskettuna ovat etelä-Suomen olosuhteissa tärkeimmillä maalajeilla nykyisin seuraavat (9): Kuva 1. 115SALAOJ ITUSKOETOIMINNASTA SUOMESSA 116 TANELI JUUSELA tiivis hietasavi 18 m 600 m/ha tiivis hiesusavi 14 » 650 » aitosavi 16 » 600 » löyhä hieta 30 » 350 » urpahiesu 40 » 300 » urpasavi 80 » 200 » muta 30 » 360 » rahka 20 » 500 » Ojaetäisyydessä viimeisten 20 vuoden kuluessa tapahtuneet tärkeimmät muutokset ovat olleet sen lisääminen 1930-luvulla urpasavessa 30 m:sta 80 rnhin ja urpasavi- hiesussa 20 m:sta 40 m;iin sekä sen pienentäminen viime vuosina rahkasoilla 30 m:sta 20 mäin (13, 14 ja 17). keywords: area; avo; clay; depth; distance; drainage; drains; edellä; eri; esim; että; farms; field; figure; helsinki; juusela; kaikkiaan; koetoiminnan; kuin; kuva; käytetty; käyttäen; lisäksi; lähinnä; methods; mukaan; myös; nykyisin; oli; ollut; ovat; perusteella; ruotsissa; salaojien; sekä; selvittelyä; sen; soil; suomessa; syvyys; tai; taneli; trials; tämän; vain; varsin; varten; vuoden; vuoksi; vuosina; yhteydessä cache: afs-71334.pdf plain text: afs-71334.txt item: #824 of 2310 id: afs-71335 author: Jamalainen, E. A. title: Suomessa viljeltyjen omenalajikkeiden säilyvyydestä varastossa date: 1953 words: 3304 flesch: 61 summary: Koeaineisto varastoitiin lokakuun alussa ja omenien analysointi tapahtui 15. 11, 19. 12, 27. 1, 8. 3 ja 18.4. Toisella sijalla olivat Antonovka ja Åkerö; viimeksi mainittu pilaantui sangen voimakkaasti Tikkurilassa. keywords: antonovka; apples; että; hedelmien; hedelmän; herttoniemi; jonathan; kaneli; kokeissa; lindö; oli; olivat; omenien; osa; punainen; storage; table; tai; taul; tikkurila; varastossa; åkerö cache: afs-71335.pdf plain text: afs-71335.txt item: #825 of 2310 id: afs-71336 author: Kivinen, Erkki I. title: The causes of the black stem rust epidemic in Finland in summer 1931 date: 1953 words: 2173 flesch: 62 summary: In Finland Southwest air currents are general in laste summer. Winds in the upper air calculated with the aid of gradient winds for the Baltic Sea area, August 10—14, 1951. keywords: air; august; epidemic; finland; rust; south; spores; stem; winds cache: afs-71336.pdf plain text: afs-71336.txt item: #826 of 2310 id: afs-71337 author: Ritvanen, Tyyne title: Vorbereitende versuche zur Anwendung von tetrazoliumchlorid bei Schnellbestimmung der Keimfähigkeit von timothee date: 1953 words: 2366 flesch: 58 summary: Die Feststellung der Keimfähigkeit der Spinatsamen nach dem topographischen Tetrazoliumverfahren. Die Erprobung der Reduktionsmethode wurde des weiteren veranlasst durch die Kenntnis dessen, dass der Anteil der Frost- keywords: als; auf; bei; das; dass; den; der; des; die; keimfähigkeit; man; nach; samen; sich; timothee; und; versuche; von cache: afs-71337.pdf plain text: afs-71337.txt item: #827 of 2310 id: afs-71338 author: Säkö, Jaakko title: Siemenperusrunkojen vaikutus omenapuiden satovaihteluihin date: 1953 words: 3658 flesch: 62 summary: Parhaiten säilyivät näiden tal- vien yli lajikkeet Lepaan Meloni, Sokeri Miron ja Snygg. Lajike ja puun N:o Variety and no. of tret Kokonaissadot vuosina. keywords: apple; crops; että; kokonaissadot; lajikkeen; lepaan; miron; ole; omenapuiden; ovat; puiden; puun; puut; ruutu; satoa; siemenperusrungoille; snygg; sokeri; total; trees; vartettujen; years cache: afs-71338.pdf plain text: afs-71338.txt item: #828 of 2310 id: afs-71339 author: Riehm, Dr. H. title: Jordundersökningar i Tyskland och deras betydelse för det praktiska jordbruket date: 1953 words: 4552 flesch: 66 summary: i regel proven till 20 cm djup, på betesmark däremot endast till 10 cm djup, på grund av att rotskiktet där är så mycket tunnare. Den ringa användningen av handelsgödsel i Sydtyskland förorsakas av att går- darna i jordbruken inom detta område äro mindre, och framförallt av den långt drivna ägosplittringen. keywords: att; bild; den; der; dessa; det; detta; die; endast; ett; fosforsyra; för; genom; gödsling; har; icke; jordens; kan; man; med; mycket; och; olika; sig; som; tyskland; und; vid; äro; även cache: afs-71339.pdf plain text: afs-71339.txt item: #829 of 2310 id: afs-71340 author: Laine, Tauno title: Menetelmä laidunnurmen keskimääräistä kasvua kuvaavan käyrän laatimiseksi date: 1953 words: 2570 flesch: 54 summary: Seuraavassa esitetään menetelmä, jossa keski- määräisen kasvun käyrällä pyritään kuvaamaan nurmen kasvua ja sadon suuruutta sekä niitettävistä että eläinryhmillä laidunnettavista kokeista pitäen lähtökohtana Rappeh esittämää nurmen kasvun kuvaamistapaa. Jotta keskimääräistä kasvua osoittavan käyrän piirtäminen saataisiin mahdolli- simman vähätöiseksi, on laskumenetelmien suorittamiseen ja käyrän piirtämistek- niikkaan kiinnitettävä huomiota. keywords: average; curve; että; growth; kasvu; keskikasvukäyrä; keskimääräistä; kuin; kun; käyrän; merkitään; mukaan; nurmen; ollut; period; saadaan; sato; sekä; siemenseoskokeen; voidaan cache: afs-71340.pdf plain text: afs-71340.txt item: #830 of 2310 id: afs-71341 author: Saarinen, Pellervo title: A statistical study of the interrelations between certain mineral constituents of the blood of dairy cows date: 1953 words: 3582 flesch: 54 summary: The statistical dependence of blood chlorides (x 4) on blood calcium (x 4), sodium (x 2), the cation excess (x 3) and inorganic phosphates in the blood (x 5) is presented in table 4. The positive statistical correlation of blood calcium and sodium, as well as the negative statistical correlation of blood chlorides, and the excess of cations in the blood to the inorganic phosphates will also be observed in this table. keywords: blood; calcium; chlorides; excess; sodium cache: afs-71341.pdf plain text: afs-71341.txt item: #831 of 2310 id: afs-71342 author: Suomela, Samuli title: Karjattoman maanviljelyn taloudellisista edellytyksistä Suomessa date: 1953 words: 11445 flesch: 52 summary: Viljelyala % peltoalasta Proportion of cultivated area of the total arable area Alue ja Ruis ja suuruus- 1 juuri- Muut , , , vehnä Ohra Kaura Rypsi Peruna J Kesantoluokka J 1 i.-cvif kasvit , Rye and Harley Oats Rape Potatoes ' FallowZone and \ Koof crops Other crops , wheat • ‘ ‘ size class 1 2 3 12 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 I 2 3 1 2 3 12 3 E-S I 9 12 19 O 4 6 18 29 18 2 6 8 7 7 7 3 3 1 0 Ohran, kauran ja peru- nan hinnat ovat Pellervo-Seuran markkinatutkimuslaitoksen laskemia tilivuodelta 1952—53, ja leipäviljan ja rypsin hinnat syksyllä 1953 vahvistetuista hinnoista las- kettuja tuottajahintoja. keywords: arvioitu; cattle; change; edellytyksistä; ennen; eri; esitetty; etelä; että; farming; farms; finland; huomioon; joilla; jotka; jälkeen; karjaa; karjattomaan; karjattomaan talouteen; karjattomaksi; karjattomaksi siirtymisen; keskimäärin; kohden; koko; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannusten; laskettu; lukumäärä; maanviljelyn; mitä; muiden; mukaan; muutos; myös; ole; olisi; olleet; ollut; osa; osalta; otettu; ovat; perusteella; samuli; sekä; shssa; siirtymisen; siitä; size; suomen; suomessa; suuruusluokassa; tai; taloudellisista; talouden; talouteen; tapahtunut; tapauksissa; tuoton; tutkituilla; työntekijöiden; vaikka; vain; varsin; viljelmien; viljelmillä; viljelmää; voidaan; vuoksi; vuosina; väheneminen; yhteydessä cache: afs-71342.pdf plain text: afs-71342.txt item: #832 of 2310 id: afs-71343 author: Paloheimo, Lauri title: Some persistent misconceptions concerning the crude fibre and the nitrogen-free extract date: 1953 words: 3100 flesch: 66 summary: It is significant that moreover the term Holzfaser, which was later used as a synonym of the term Rohfaser (—■ crude fibre), in the early eighteen hundreds was taken to mean the whole cell membrane substance (Czapek he.). H. Davy was probably the first to use the term crude fibre (ref. keywords: crude; der; die; extract; fibre; lignin; membrane; method; substances; und; weende cache: afs-71343.pdf plain text: afs-71343.txt item: #833 of 2310 id: afs-71344 author: Paatela, Juhani; Eskola, Helvi; Mantere, Martti title: Mahdollisuuksista tuottaa sokerijuurikkaan siementä kasvupaikallaan talvehtineista juurikkaista Suomessa date: 1953 words: 4807 flesch: 73 summary: Huonoon talvehtimiseen on saattanut vaikut- taa paitsi epäedulliset sääolot ja juurikkaiden huomattava koko varsinkin 1. Koeruudut ovat olleet 18 m2:n suuruisia (20x0.9 m) ja niitä on kylvetty kolme kerrannaista. keywords: 11—20; beet; että; juurikkaat; keskim; kuin; kylvö; nation; ollut; ovat; overwintering; sato; seed; seeding; siementä; sokerijuurikkaan; sugar; vyys; weight cache: afs-71344.pdf plain text: afs-71344.txt item: #834 of 2310 id: afs-71345 author: Kaila, Armi; Köylijärvi, Jaakko; Kivinen, Erkki title: Influence of temperature upon the mobilization of nitrogen in peat date: 1953 words: 4113 flesch: 58 summary: Acidity and losses of dry matter and total nitrogen in peat samples treated by moist heat for two hours SC-peat BC-peat Losses of Losses of Temperature dry , XT dry , , - TpH tot. ISr matter r matter o'o' 0 ' 0 ' ,0 O O ,0 7ö : 4.53 0 0 4.91 1 0 100- 4.41 1 0 4.85 1 0 120c 4.49 1 0 4.80 3 0 ARMI KAILA, JAAKKO KÖ YLIJÄRVI AND ERKKI KIVINEN44 Table 6, Acidity and losses of dry matter and total nitrogen in peat samples treated by dry heat for three hours. keywords: ammonia; losses; matter; nitrogen; peat; samples; temperatures cache: afs-71345.pdf plain text: afs-71345.txt item: #835 of 2310 id: afs-71346 author: Jamalainen, E. A. title: Black rust and occurrence of Berberidaceae in Finland date: 1953 words: 2673 flesch: 71 summary: However it has not been established that the uredospores of wheat black rust (P. graminis tritici Eriks. & Henn.) In the same year black rust caused great damage also in other Northern Countries, in Sweden (8) and in Denmark (1, 6). keywords: 1952; barberry; finland; rust; wheat cache: afs-71346.pdf plain text: afs-71346.txt item: #836 of 2310 id: afs-71347 author: Pohjakallio, Onni title: Isopropyylifenyylikarbamaatin vaikutuksesta apilamätäsieneen (Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss.) date: 1953 words: 1749 flesch: 49 summary: Myös suuremmat Weedar- ja Weedone-annokset vaikuttivat hyvin myrkyllisesti apilamätäsieneen. ja 30.8. 5.7 (3.0—8.5) keywords: apilan; auf; der; des; die; hapon; i.p.c; oli; puna; tabelle; taul; vaikutus cache: afs-71347.pdf plain text: afs-71347.txt item: #837 of 2310 id: afs-71348 author: Kivinen, Erkki title: Yhdysvaltain soista date: 1953 words: 5061 flesch: 61 summary: 1953 Seuraava esitys perustuu osittain niihin havaintoihin, joita kirjoittaja teki syksyllä 1951 Yhdysvaltain eri puolille suuntautuneen matkansa ohella, osittain ja luonnollisesti suurelta osalta kirjallisuuteen. Suurim- man kannatuksen on saavuttanut termi organic soil ja toiselle sijalle on tullut peat soil. keywords: erittäin; erkki; etenkin; että; everglades; floridan; hyvin; jopa; kuin; kuva; käytetään; lisäksi; michiganissa; milj; muck; mukaan; mutta; myös; niiden; niin; ole; olevan; ovat; paikoin; peat; runsaasti; ryhmään; sekä; sen; siellä; soiden; soil; soilla; soita; suon; suot; tai; tavataan; turve; usein; vain; verraten; voidaan; yhdysvaltain cache: afs-71348.pdf plain text: afs-71348.txt item: #838 of 2310 id: afs-71349 author: Vaarama, Antero title: The effect of aneuploidy upon the progeny of an autotetraploid Ribes nigrum date: 1953 words: 3032 flesch: 60 summary: The rate of growth is one of the characters apt to exhibit differences between even and aneuploid chromosome types. Cryptic polyploidy and variation of chromosome number in Ribes nigrum. keywords: chromosome; effect; growth; number; plants; types cache: afs-71349.pdf plain text: afs-71349.txt item: #839 of 2310 id: afs-71350 author: Paloheimo, Lauri; Mäkelä, Aarne; Salo, Maija-Liisa title: Some observations on the transport of food in the alimentary canal of the rat date: 1954 words: 3569 flesch: 77 summary: Evans 3, p. 838) 1 state that after large meals the emptying time of the stomach is longer in most subjects than after small meals. ö x= pylorus small intestine keywords: food; hours; intestine; matter; meal; minutes; p.c; stomach; transport cache: afs-71350.pdf plain text: afs-71350.txt item: #840 of 2310 id: afs-71351 author: Heinonen, Reijo; Pukkala, Risto title: Seasonal variation in soil structure date: 1954 words: 1099 flesch: 61 summary: The pH of different plots was as follows; 1. pH 6.9, 2. Some- what parallel changes took place in different plots and horizons. keywords: aggregation; moisture; plot; porosity; soil; variation cache: afs-71351.pdf plain text: afs-71351.txt item: #841 of 2310 id: afs-71352 author: Viita, Pentti title: Maatalous Suomen kansantulolaskelmissa date: 1954 words: 3164 flesch: 51 summary: Tuottojen puolella erä »maataloustuotteiden myynti ja viljelijän oma käyttö» on tärkein, sillä tähän ryhmään kuuluvat mm. seuraavat maataloustuotteet; maito, kotivoi ja kotijuusto hedelmät, marjat ja hunaja kananmunat, liha, vuodat ja villa kukat ja koristekasvit vilja, peruna ja sokerijuurikas siemenet ja rehut vihannekset turkikset ja kotieläinten myynti muille sekto- kehruu- V. 1938 hinnoissa laskettujen bruttotulojen yleinen suunta on tosin ollut v. 1920—1926 nouseva, mutta samanaikaisesti kohoaa väkilantojen ja ulko- maisten rehujen käyttö nopeasti. keywords: agriculture; edellä; eri; erän; esim; että; hyödykkeiden; income; joka; kansantulolaskelmissa; kuin; kuitenkin; käytetty; laskelmien; maatalouden; mutta; myynti; myös; national; nettokansantuote; ovat; perusteella; saadaan; sekä; sen; suomen cache: afs-71352.pdf plain text: afs-71352.txt item: #842 of 2310 id: afs-71353 author: Mantere, Martti title: Sokeri juurikaskantojen aikaisuuden vertailu date: 1954 words: 3135 flesch: 63 summary: Vuosien 1947—49 koesarjassa oli 6 jäsentä: kaksi hyvin sokeripitoista, El3 ja E 15, kaksi sokeripitoisuudeltaan keskinkertaista parempaa, K 7 ja K 10, sekä kaksi pieniprosenttista, satoisaa, EH 120 ja EH 472 (kuva 1). KasAmaikaa koskevia tutkimuksia on kuitenkin suoritettu, ja hyvin sokeri- pitoiset (ZZ-tyyppi) juurikkaat mainitaan aikaisin kypsyviksi ja pieniprosenttiset satoisat (E-tyyppi) myöhäisiksi (1, 3). keywords: den; der; des; die; eri; että; hyvin; juuren; kuin; mutta; myös; naatin; ole; ovat; piirros; pol; päivää; satoisilla; und; vegetationsperiode; vuoden; vuosina; välillä cache: afs-71353.pdf plain text: afs-71353.txt item: #843 of 2310 id: afs-71354 author: Pohjakallio, Onni title: Eräitä lisäselvityksiä vuoden 1953 perunarutto- [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] epidemian luonteesta date: 1954 words: 1428 flesch: 51 summary: Aquila potato in field experiments at Viik 1949. Aquila peruna Viikin koetilan kokeissa v. 1949 (Rutonarat lajikkeet Aquila-perunan molemmin puolin ovat ruton täysin kulottamia). keywords: aquila; blight; jokioisissa; myös; oli; perunan; potato; table; taulukko cache: afs-71354.pdf plain text: afs-71354.txt item: #844 of 2310 id: afs-71355 author: Hietaranta, Matti; Niemelä, Kaleva title: Rasva- ja valkuaisainepitoisuuden suhteesta suomalaisessa maidossa date: 1954 words: 3324 flesch: 45 summary: Thomé (10) on tutki- nut menetelmän soveltuvuutta meijerien sekamaidon, karjojen maidon ja yksityis- ten lehmien maidon kaseiinipitoisuuden määrittämiseen lähinnä meijeritekniikassa vaadittavaa tarkkuutta silmälläpitäen. Maidon rasva- ja valkuaisainepitoisuuden ja näiden suhteen tuntemisella on merkityksensä ensinnäkin maidon jalostusprosessien tarkkailussa, jossa pyritään raaka-aineen mahdollisimman tarkkaan hyväksikäyttöön. keywords: 1945—46; casein; eri; että; fat; karjojen; kaseiinipitoisuuden; kuin; lehmien; maidon; maitojen; milk; mukaan; myös; perusteella; protein; rasvaja; rasvapitoisuuden; tämä; valkuaisainepitoisuuden; yksityisten cache: afs-71355.pdf plain text: afs-71355.txt item: #845 of 2310 id: afs-71356 author: Kaila, Armi title: Iron as a disturbing factor in the determination of phosphate by the molybdenum blue method date: 1954 words: 4776 flesch: 52 summary: T ISCHER (5) tried to mask ferric iron by potassium cyanide, but this procedure was suitable only for low iron concentrations. An increase in the amount of stannous ions is useful for ferric iron solutions of high phosphorus concentration, but increases the error if the phosphorus concentration is low. keywords: acid; concentration; effect; ferric; iron; molybdate; phosphorus; ppm; solutions cache: afs-71356.pdf plain text: afs-71356.txt item: #846 of 2310 id: afs-71357 author: Kaarlehto, Paavo title: Kysynnän hintajoustavuuden määrittäminen ja kysynnän kausivaihtelu date: 1954 words: 2984 flesch: 45 summary: Ajateltakoon esimerkiksi kysynnän hintajoustavuuden määritystä varten kerä- tyksi tilastoaineistoa tietyn hyödykkeen myyntimääristä ja hinnoista ja nämä arvot sijoitetuksi hinta-määrä koordinaatistoon kuviossa 1. Maataloustuotteiden piirissä pysyt- täessä antanee voin hinnan ja myyntimäärien regressiosuhteen analysointi ehkä parhainta selvitystä tässä suhteessa (vrt. 4, p. 103). keywords: arvot; butter; demand; esim; että; figure; fluctuation; hinnan; hintajoustavuuden; hyödykkeen; indices; jos; kausivaihtelun; kuitenkin; kuviossa; kysynnän; muutokset; määrittäminen; olisi; perusteella; price; quantities; tässä; varsin; voidaan; voin; vuoden cache: afs-71357.pdf plain text: afs-71357.txt item: #847 of 2310 id: afs-71358 author: Pesola, Vilho A.; Veijola, Teemu title: Vehnän kvaliteettijalostuksesta ja sen tuloksista Suomessa date: 1954 words: 6170 flesch: 64 summary: Käytetyistä tutkimusmenetelmistä mainittakoon vain, että Pelshenke-mene- telmä on lähinnä kasvinjalostukseen tarkoitettu karkeapiirteinen pikamenetelmä ja että farinografilla saadaan ilmi lähinnä jauhon vedensitomiskyky sekä taikinan kimmoisuus ja kestävyys, mitkä viimemainitut seikat voidaan tietyin tavoin farino- grammista lukien merkitä ns. valorimetri- 1. hyvyyslukuna. Sopu-, Tammi-, Hopea- ja Kimmo-vehnistä on rouhe- ja farinografituloksia runsaasti (taul. keywords: baking; diam; että; hopea; jok; jokioisten; kauppaan; kimmo; kuin; leivontaominaisuuksiltaan; meillä; mukaan; mutta; myös; olympia; ovat; pesola; quality; sekä; sen; spring; tai; tammiston; taulukko; teemu; timantin; timantti; vakka; varieties; varma; varsin; vehnän; veijola; vilho; wheat cache: afs-71358.pdf plain text: afs-71358.txt item: #848 of 2310 id: afs-71359 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: Ilman lämpötilan mittaamisesta erilaisia säteilysuojuksia käyttäen date: 1954 words: 783 flesch: 48 summary: Behind: liquid reservoir provided with Budig shield; below: the same provided with cylindrical radiation shield over the grass field. Budig-suojus Vuorokausi yläpuolella suojus justa alapuolella Date Budig shield Cylindrical Without Budig shield above shield shield below 6. 5.—51 —2.0 —2.2 —2.4 —2.8 7. 5.—51 —5.4 —5.8 —6.4 -7.0 8. keywords: budig; ilman; mittarin; radiation; shield cache: afs-71359.pdf plain text: afs-71359.txt item: #849 of 2310 id: afs-71360 author: Barkoff, Eugen title: Beiträge zur kalorimetrischen Humusbestimmung im Boden date: 1954 words: 4817 flesch: 60 summary: 7H„O. Das Oxydations-Reduktionspotential für dieses System ist: E = 1.36 + log n • F rCr+++] 2 Dieses Potential E zeigt die Intensität der Oxydationsfähigkeit in dem vorlie- genden System, und ihre Stärke ist bei der bestimmten Chromatkonzentration vor allem von der Aktivität der Wasserstoffionen und der Temperatur des Systems abhängig. werte der Vergleichslösungen, die man zu verschiedener keywords: als; auch; auf; bei; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; dieser; durch; eine; für; humus; humusbestimmung; ist; man; methoden; min; nach; oxydation; schwefelsäure; tabelle; und; von; werden; wie; wird cache: afs-71360.pdf plain text: afs-71360.txt item: #850 of 2310 id: afs-71361 author: Varo, Mikko title: Karjojen laadullisista eroista date: 1954 words: 9964 flesch: 46 summary: Tämän seikan mahdollisen vaikutuksen toteamiseksi verrattiin saman sonnin jälke- läisten asemaa toisaalta sekä korkea- että matalaprosenttisissa karjoissa ja näitä alemmassa tai ylemmässä tasossa. Täydennykseksi mainittakoon, että kun laskettiin molempien vanhempien ja poikien suhteellisten arvojen korrelaatio ja keskituotosten ja suhteellisten arvojen painotus vaihteli 2:1, 1:1 ja 1:2, saatiin kertointen arvoiksi 0.33, 0.39 ja 0.43. keywords: 10—19; als; arvoja; arvojen; arvot; auf; bei; dass; der; des; die; eivät; eläinten; eri; eroista; eroja; erojen; että; herden; ilmeisesti; jos; jälkeläisten; karjan; karjoissa; karjojen; keskimäärin; keskituotosten; koko; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kühe; laadullisista; laadullisten; laadun; laatuerojen; laatuerot; lehmän; leistungen; maidon; mittleren; mutta; myös; niiden; niin; nyt; näin; ole; olisi; osuus; ovat; pienissä; qualitätsunterschiede; relativen; rodun; saatu; saman; sen; sich; siitä; sind; sonnien; stand; suhteellisten; suurempi; suurissa; tabelle; tasossa; taulukko; tulokset; tulos; und; vain; voidaan; von; werte; yksilöiden; yksilön cache: afs-71361.pdf plain text: afs-71361.txt item: #851 of 2310 id: afs-71362 author: Varo, Mikko title: Sonnien jälkeläisarvostelun tuloksista erilaisessa ympäristössä date: 1954 words: 1206 flesch: 34 summary: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass, wenn die Auslese des Bullen auf Grund des Mittelwertes der einen Tochtergruppe geschehen wäre, die Auslese nach dem hohen Mittelleistungsniveau an der neuen Stelle praktisch gesehen keine besseren Niiden välillä vallitsee kohtalaisen kiinteä ja varma vuorosuhde, mikä viittaa tämänkaltaisten rakenteellisten taipumusten melko vahvaan periyty- miseen. keywords: der; die; eri; että; karjojen; korrelation; kuin; saatu; sonnien; tulokset; und; vuorosuhde; worden cache: afs-71362.pdf plain text: afs-71362.txt item: #852 of 2310 id: afs-71363 author: Kaila, Armi title: Some observations on the occurrence of azotobacter in Finnish soils date: 1954 words: 4473 flesch: 63 summary: A number of soil samples representing different soil types were collected from various parts of the country and tested for the presence of Azotobacter species. Occurrence of Azotobacter in soil samples The agar plate method was chosen to show the presence or the absence of Azotohacter in the soil samples, because it was thought to offer some advantage as compared with the solution methods. keywords: acid; agar; azotobacter; chroococcum; cultures; method; nitrogen; peat; phosphorus; samples; soil cache: afs-71363.pdf plain text: afs-71363.txt item: #853 of 2310 id: afs-71364 author: Poijärvi, Ilmari title: Beiträge zur Wirkung der Dauer der melkpause auf die Intensität der Milchsekretion des Kuheuters date: 1954 words: 4179 flesch: 62 summary: Die Versuche führten zu solchen Ergebnissen, dass die im Mittel etwa 16 kg melkenden Versuchskühe dieselbe Milchleistung gaben, unabhängig davon, ob die Pause zwischen Abend- Abweichungen von dieser Regel, die vorge- kommen sind, beruhen offenbar auf Zufall und sind keinesfalls von der Höhe der Leistung abhängig gewesen. keywords: abendmelken; auf; bei; dass; dauer; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; gruppe; hat; ist; kühe; man; melkenden; melkpause; milchleistung; milchsekretion; mit; nachtpause; nicht; oder; sich; sind; stunden; und; von; wurde; zur cache: afs-71364.pdf plain text: afs-71364.txt item: #854 of 2310 id: afs-71365 author: Kaarlehto, P. H. title: Maatalousmaan arvioimisesta Yhdysvalloissa date: 1954 words: 5987 flesch: 45 summary: Sen perustana ovat tietyn tilajoukon suhteellisen tarkasti eritellyt ja ryhmitellyt mark- kinahinnat. Texasin valtiossa saatetaan käyttää saman- aikaisesti 5 % ja 8 % korkokantoja. keywords: appraisal; arvioimisesta; arvo; dollaria; edellä; erikoisesti; esim; esittää; ettei; että; farm; hintatason; jos; jotka; kauppahintoihin; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kuten; kysyntä; land; maan; maatalouden; maatalousmaan; mukaan; murray; myös; näinollen; ole; olisi; ovat; perusteella; pitää; puhdasta; puhtaan; sekä; sen; siitä; sillä; siten; tai; tilan; tilojen; tulevaisuuden; tuoton; tuottoa; tuottoarvon; tämä; tässä; vaikutus; varsin; voidaan; vuokralle; vuokran; yhdysvalloissa cache: afs-71365.pdf plain text: afs-71365.txt item: #855 of 2310 id: afs-71366 author: Kaila, Armi; Soini, Sylvi; Kivinen, Erkki title: Influence of lime and fertilizers upon the mineralization of peat nitrogen in incubation experiments date: 1954 words: 7322 flesch: 59 summary: According to the figures in Table 1 no marked limits existed between the characteristics of the groups of fen peats (samples I—4) and Sphagnum peats (samples 6—B). snmm a r y An attempt has been made to elucidate the influence of lime and fertilizers upon the mineralization of peat nitrogen under laboratory conditions. keywords: carex; csp; experiment; fen; incubation; mineral nitrogen; nitrogen; nitrogen content; peat nitrogen; peat samples; peats; samples; sphagnum; sphagnum peats cache: afs-71366.pdf plain text: afs-71366.txt item: #856 of 2310 id: afs-71367 author: Ahlberg, Erkki title: Korsiviljojen itävyyden pikamääritys 2.3.5-trifenyltetrazoliumkloridilla date: 1954 words: 6068 flesch: 69 summary: 81 88 + 7 85 + 4 9 , 1 K‘~«> 4 833 » 77 85 + 8 84 + 7 6 » 4 834 » 77 94 +l7 93 +l6 12 » 4 864 » 76 76+0 67 9 0 » 49 425 » 36 37 + 1 36 ± 0 2 » 6 040 » 88 97 + 9 95 + 7 6 » Hallaa Frosigeschädigt 7 283 » 87 90 + 3 88 + 1 4 » » 7 335 » 86 94 + 8 91+5 5 » » 7 125 -> 84 93 + 9 90 + 6 9 ,> » 6 772 » 83 86 + 3 83 ±0 11 » » 5 999 » 83 91 + 8 89 + 6 7 » » 7 339 » 74 82 + 8 80 + 6 ll » » 7 288 » 72 77 + 5 75 + 3 7 » » 6 008 » 70 76 + 6 73 + 3 7 .1 ,> 6 791 ■> 69 71 + 2 70 + 1 6 » » Keskim Durchschn. Fusarium 7 629 * 92 96 + 4 92 + 0 1 Itämiskypsymätön Keimunreif 7 753 » 92 97 + 5 88 4 0 » » 30 961 -> 92 98 + 6 92 + 0 1 49 907 » 92 94 + 2 92 + 0 0 Itämiskypsymätön Keimunreif 6 388 » 91 97 + 6 94 + 3 0 » » 3 565 » 90 96 + 6 91 + 1 4 368 » 90 98 + 8 98 + 8 2 137 » 89 96 + 7 88 1 2 923 » 88 90 + 2 86 2 5 843 » 88 96 + 8 78 —lO 0 5 100 » 87 94 + 7 91 + 4 0 Fusarium 5 842 » 87 94 + 7 80 7 0 Itämiskypsymätön Keimunreif 6 669 » 87 87 + 0 80 7 0 4 659 » 86 92 + 6 88 + 2 0 7 482 » 84 83 1 79 5 2 49 900 » 83 83 ± 0 keywords: bei; der; die; että; frostgeschädigt; fusarium; hallan; itämiskypsymätön; itävyyden; joissa; keimfähigkeit; keimunreif; keskim; kohdalla; kuin; mit; mukaan; myös; näytteet; näytteiden; olivat; ovat; proben; sandkeimbett; seed; siemen; siitä; tapauksessa; tetrazolium; tulokset; täysin; und; von cache: afs-71367.pdf plain text: afs-71367.txt item: #857 of 2310 id: afs-71368 author: Suomela, Hilkka; Kämäräinen, Pentti; Paloheimo, Lauri title: Kokeita ns. Promeca-rehulla date: 1954 words: 1186 flesch: 56 summary: KOKEITA NS. PROMECA-REHULLA Hilkka Suomela, Pentti Kämäräinen ja Lauri Paloheimo Koti eläintieteellinen laitos, Helsingin yliopisto Saapunut 31.3. 1954 Professori V. M. Klemola on hakenut ja saanut patentin1 rehuaineseokselle r joka sisältää melassia, kalsiumkloridia ja vehnänlesettä. Kumpaankin kuului 3 täysi- kasvuista tiinettä ja 3 vajaan vuoden vanhaa ei-tiinettä eläintä. keywords: aikana; annettiin; food; kokeen; oli; promeca; päivää; rehua; ryhmällä cache: afs-71368.pdf plain text: afs-71368.txt item: #858 of 2310 id: afs-71369 author: Hintikka, Viljo title: Lauri Aleksanteri Keso date: 1955 words: 1060 flesch: 44 summary: Pietarsaaren konepajan johtokunnan jäsenenä 1933 1935, Maatalous- koneiden tutkimuslaitoksen johtokunnan jäsenenä ja Keskinäisen Vakuutusyhtiö Kalevan hallintoneuvoston jäsenenä vuodesta 1947 lähtien. Keso syventyi koko hämäläisen luonteensa sitkey- dellä ja tiedemiehen lahjomattomuudella salaojituskysymyksiin, huomioiden niissä meikäläiset erikoiset olosuhteet. keywords: als; auch; der; des; die; hän; keso; oli; salaojitusyhdistyksen; sekä; und cache: afs-71369.pdf plain text: afs-71369.txt item: #859 of 2310 id: afs-71370 author: Kaivola, Aimo title: Sokerijuurikkaan kasvukehitys vuosina 1950-1954 ja sadon arvioiminen kasvukaudella viikkonäytteiden perusteella date: 1955 words: 5557 flesch: 58 summary: alkanut hiljal- leen laskea yhteyttämistoiminnan ollessa hidasta ja juurikkaan imiessä vettä. St. sekä todettu lisäkasvu nostoaikaan mennessä viitenä vuotena keskimäärin ja eräinä eniten poikkeuksellisina vuosina. keywords: 1950—1954; alussa; der; die; eli; elokuun; eri; että; huomattavasti; juuren; juurikkaan; juurikkaiden; kasvukauden; keskimäärin; keskipaino; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; lisäkasvu; lokakuun; mennessä; mukaan; myös; naatin; noin; nostoaikana; oli; ollut; ovat; painon; perusteella; saadaan; sekä; september; sokerijuurikkaan; syyskuun; todennäköisesti; turengin; und; viikkonäytteiden; voidaan; vuonna; vuosina; wurzel; yleensä cache: afs-71370.pdf plain text: afs-71370.txt item: #860 of 2310 id: afs-71371 author: Kaila, Armi; Virtanen, Oili title: Determination of organic phosphorus in samples of peat soils date: 1955 words: 6097 flesch: 61 summary: 106 ARMI KAILA and OILI VIRTANEN When new methods for the determination of soil organic phosphorus are repor- ted their superiority to the older procedures is demonstrated by comparing the results obtained by these methods from various soils. Generally the determination of soil organic phosphorus by two methods requires too much work and it is necessary to choose one of the methods. keywords: acid; alkali; determination; extraction; method; peat; phosphorus; results; samples; soils; total cache: afs-71371.pdf plain text: afs-71371.txt item: #861 of 2310 id: afs-71372 author: Saarinen, Pellervo title: Diet and plasma cholesterol in dairy cows date: 1955 words: 10918 flesch: 73 summary: +0.1315 r ]4..,_ =+0.1566 r,...,, -+0.3190 r 16;24 =+0.0993 rl2 ! r 14;236 =+0.1343 r 15;236 +0.5985 r l6; ., :J5 =+0.5847 r 12;356 -°' 1157 r i3;256 =+o-1668 r 14;256 +0.1788 r 15;246 =+0.6218 r l6; .>45 keywords: barren; blood; cholesterol; cholesterol content; content; cows; crude; dig; energy; fat; intake; level; plasma; plasma cholesterol; ration; results; trials cache: afs-71372.pdf plain text: afs-71372.txt item: #862 of 2310 id: afs-71373 author: Lampila, Martti title: Preliminary studies on the variations of pH and volatile fatty acid concentration of the rumen contents of the cow date: 1955 words: 4906 flesch: 68 summary: Hours after Sampling pH Difference feeding place jn pp[ un j-t;S in rumen in vivo in vitro Top 5.25 5.40 + 0.15 Bottom 5.95 6.60 + 0.65 Top 5.50 5.70 + 0.20 Bottom 6.25 6.80 + 0.55 Top 5.90 6.15 + 0.25 Rumen digestion in the bovine with some observations on the digestibility of alfalfa ha}'. keywords: acidity; acids; curves; feeding; fig; fodder; measurements; rumen; rumen contents cache: afs-71373.pdf plain text: afs-71373.txt item: #863 of 2310 id: afs-71374 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: Pystysuorasta lämpötilan jakaantumisesta maan pinnasta ylöspäin ja sen merkityksestä hallantorjunnassa date: 1955 words: 1599 flesch: 51 summary: Ulossäteilytyypin vallitessa lämpötila on taas alhaisin maan rajassa ja nousee ylös päin. = lämpötila minimin esiintymis- korkeudella, t 3, tU) ja t, 5 = lämpötila 3, 10 ja 15 m:n korkeudella minimistä ylöspäin. keywords: että; kuva; lämpötilan; maan; oli; ollut; pystysuora; sen; temperature; tuulen cache: afs-71374.pdf plain text: afs-71374.txt item: #864 of 2310 id: afs-71375 author: Pohjakallio, Onni ; Laurila, Kaiho title: Tulvaniittytutkimuksia Helsingin Yliopiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemessä date: 1955 words: 5121 flesch: 58 summary: Tä- män saraikon korkeus ja tiheys oli hyvin vaihtelevaa. Wasser Anfang Juni 19-52 Tutkimusten tulosten tarkastelua Tutkitusta tulvaniittyalueesta oli n. 2/3 vesisaraikkoa, 1/5 korteikkoa, vajaa 1/10 maasaraikkoa ja n. 1/25 heinäkasviniittyä. keywords: abb; bestand; der; die; gedüngt; hyvin; joka; kaiho; koetilalla; kuin; kuitenkin; kuva; lannoitettu; lannoituksen; muddusniemen; myös; oli; olivat; poa; pohjakallio; pratensis; pääasiassa; sadon; sato; sen; taul; taulukko; tulvaniityn; und; vaikutus; vain; veden; vrt; vuosina cache: afs-71375.pdf plain text: afs-71375.txt item: #865 of 2310 id: afs-71376 author: Hårdh, J. E. title: Sokerimaissin viljelystä sekä sitä haittaavista tekijöistä date: 1955 words: 2522 flesch: 59 summary: Kirjallisuudessa esitettyjen tietojen mukaisesti (2) annettiin maissille kumpanakin koevuonna 70 t karjanlantaa, 700 kg Y-lannoitetta (sis. 7% N, 6.5 % P 20 5 , 18.5 % K 2O) ja 100 kg kotkafosfaattiahehtaa- ria kohden. Early Alberta oli v. 1953 kokeilluista sokerimaissilajikkeista satoisin ja aikaisin. keywords: alberta; botrytis; cinerea; corn; early; että; fusarium; itävyys; maan; oli; ovat; sekä; sen; sokerimaissin; tikkurilassa; tähkän; vuonna cache: afs-71376.pdf plain text: afs-71376.txt item: #866 of 2310 id: afs-71377 author: Juntunen, Martta title: Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran säännöt date: 1955 words: 551 flesch: 31 summary: §■ Seuran vakinaiset kokoukset pidetään joka tai joka toinen kuukausi syyskuun ensimmäisen ja kesäkuun ensimmäisen päivän välisenä aikana. 2 §• Tarkoitustaan koettaa seura toteuttaa etupäässä toimittamalla julkaisuja; järjestämällä kokouksia esitelmineen, tiedonantoineen ja keskusteluilleen; toimeenpanemalla tiedusteluja (enquéte); avustamalla tutkimuksia ja kokeita sekä jakamalla stipendejä ja liittymällä yhteistoimintaan samanlaisten koti- sekä ulkomaisten seurojen kanssa. 3 §• Seura kutsuu vakinaiseksi jäseneksi kotimaisen henkilön, joka voi edistää seuran tarkoitusta; kirjeenvaihtajajäseneksi ulkomaisen tutkijan, jonka toiminta on edistänyt seu- ran tarkoitusta; kunniajäseneksi koti- tai ulkomaisen henkilön, jota seura erikoisesti tahtoo kunnioittaa; sekä kannattajajäseneksi seuran tarkoitusperää harrastavan henkilön, joka sitoutuu kerta kaikkiaan maksamaan vähintäin 2.500 markkaa tai viiden vuoden aikana vuo- sittain vähintäin 500 markkaa. keywords: joka; sekä; seuran; tai; tavalla; toimitetaan; vuosikokouksessa cache: afs-71377.pdf plain text: afs-71377.txt item: #867 of 2310 id: afs-71378 author: Hietaranta, Martti title: Gustaf Adolf Bredenberg date: 1955 words: 1614 flesch: 43 summary: Bredenbergs wissenschaftliches Schaffen beginnt mit seiner Doktorarbeit, die in die Zeit fiel, in der der Durchbruch der exakten Naturwissenschaften auch auf dem Gebiet der Land- und Milchwirtschaft vor sich ging. opettajana ja meijeriopin lehtorina Kurkijoen ylemmässä maanviljelys- koulussa v. 1897—98, jonka viimeksi mainitun oppilaitoksen meijerikoulun johta- jana ja ensimmäisenä opettajana hän oli neljättä vuotta, siirtyen 1901 Mustialan opiston meijeriopin opettajaksi. keywords: bredenberg; der; die; että; gustaf; hän; hänen; jahre; kun; matti; meijeriopin; milchwirtschaft; oli; professor; seine; studien; und; vielä; von; yliopistossa cache: afs-71378.pdf plain text: afs-71378.txt item: #868 of 2310 id: afs-71379 author: Ylimäki, Aarre title: Perunasyövän levinneisyys ja torjunta Suomessa date: 1955 words: 6284 flesch: 55 summary: Sitä mukaan kuin taudin elintapojen tuntemus lisääntyi ja sen suoranainen torjunta laajoilla aloilla näytti mahdottomalta, ryhdyttiin maiden sisäisessäkin perunasyövän torjun- nassa soveltamaan lakisääteisiä pakkotoimenpiteitä. viljeltyjen 25 lajikkeen jakaantumisesta syövänkestäviin ja arkoihin sekä niiden kunkin osuudesta perunan viljelyalaan eri suuruisilla tiloilla sekä keskimäärin koko maassa. keywords: anzahl; auf; das; der; des; die; eri; että; finnland; helsingin; hämeen; ist; kartoffelkrebs; kauppala; kaupunki; koko; kuin; kun; kuopion; levinneisyys; län; lääni; maassamme; mikkelin; mlk; nach; ole; oli; ovat; perunalajikkeiden; perunasyövän; saastuneiden; sekä; sen; suomessa; syövänkestävien; tab; taudin; todettu; torjunta; turun; und; uudenmaan; vaasan; vain; viljelysten; von; vuonna cache: afs-71379.pdf plain text: afs-71379.txt item: #869 of 2310 id: afs-71380 author: Paloheimo, Lauri title: Georg Willehad von Wendt date: 1955 words: 1364 flesch: 54 summary: Aber diejenigen, die Gelegenheit gehabt haben, Georg von Wendt kennenzulernen, werden sich seiner als ideenreichen Anregers, unvergleichlichen Lehrers und guten Menschen erinnern. Lauri Paloheimo. Georg von Wendt ei alunperinkään aikonut ruveta ammatilliseksi lääkäriksi, vaan halusi pyrkiä lääketieteen perustieteiden, anatomien tai fysiologian, opettajaksi yliopistoon. keywords: den; der; die; että; georg; hän; hänen; menschen; oli; und; von; wendt; wendtin cache: afs-71380.pdf plain text: afs-71380.txt item: #870 of 2310 id: afs-71381 author: Sipilä, Martti title: Sokerijuurikkaan harvennustyön tutkimusmenetelmästä date: 1955 words: 3004 flesch: 53 summary: Aineistoa kerättiin kaiken kaik- kiaan 248 kokeesta, kukin kymmenen rivimetriä, ja työhön vaikuttavat tekijät kirjattiin koekohtaisesti muistiin työajan ohella. Tutkimuksessa on käytetty yksikkönä kymmentä rivi- metriä ja eri tekijät on määrätty tätä kohti. keywords: eri; että; jätettyjen; käytetty; laatu; maan; metres; rivimetriä; sokerijuurikkaan; study; taimien; time; työhön; weeds; work cache: afs-71381.pdf plain text: afs-71381.txt item: #871 of 2310 id: afs-71382 author: Saloheimo, Lauri title: Kalvakkanevan viljelysarvosta date: 1955 words: 1492 flesch: 63 summary: Peruslannoituksena sai koko ala 60 kg P 20 5 (thomasf) ja 100 kg K 2O (40 % kalis) ha:lle. 1934—35 ollut uudisviljelys- kauteen verrattuna vastaava lisäys kuin heinällä, ja on tämä johtunut alustaturpeen viljelyskasveille edullisista muutoksista. keywords: karjanlantaa; ollut; suhdel; taulukko; vuosina cache: afs-71382.pdf plain text: afs-71382.txt item: #872 of 2310 id: afs-71383 author: Nikkilä, Olavi E. title: Über die Entwicklung der sterilisierverfahren bei eingedösten Lebensmitteln date: 1955 words: 4072 flesch: 50 summary: Die Festlegung von Verfahren Die Probleme, die bei der Sterilisierung von Lebensmitteln durch Bestrahlung berücksichtigt werden müssen, gelten nicht nur für eine bestimmte Art von Strah- lung. keywords: abb; als; auch; auf; bei; das; dass; dem; der; des; die; dieser; dosen; durch; eine; entwicklung; für; hat; ist; jedoch; lebensmitteln; mit; nicht; oder; röntgenstrahlen; sich; sind; sterilisierung; und; verfahren; von; werden; wird; wurde; zur cache: afs-71383.pdf plain text: afs-71383.txt item: #873 of 2310 id: afs-71384 author: Westermarck, N.; Lindvall, Kaja title: Tutkimus puutarhaviljelyn tuotosta ja kustannuksesta Malminkartanon opetus- ja koetilalla date: 1955 words: 10100 flesch: 50 summary: Viljelyalan, lannoituksen, kasvinsuojelu- ja hoitotoimenpiteiden suunnittelu ja järjestely. 2) Työväen palkkaaminen sekä työn suunnittelu ja valvonta. 3) Uudishankintojen suunnittelu ja suorittaminen. omenien ja juurikasvien korjuu ja välittömästi seuraava lajittelu. 10) Pakkaus- keywords: alan; avomaan; costs; crop; edellä; eri; estate; että; fruits; garden; glasshouses; groups; hotbeds; jaettu; jotka; kaja; kasvihuoneet; kasviryhmien; kohden; koristekasvit; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kustannukset; kustannus; kuten; käytetty; labour; labour costs; lavat; liikkeen; malminkartanon; marjatarha; mukaan; myös; ole; ollut; ovat; pinta; plants; proportion; puutarhan; puutarhaviljelyn; return; sekä; sen; small; suhteessa; tilan; total; tuotannonalojen; tuotto; tutkimuksessa; tutkimus; työkustannus; työnmenekki; tämä; tässä; vegetables; vihannekset; välillinen; westermarck; work cache: afs-71384.pdf plain text: afs-71384.txt item: #874 of 2310 id: afs-71385 author: Saksa, P. J. title: Maamme perunalajikkeiden viljelylaajuus ja viljelyalueet date: 1955 words: 3475 flesch: 62 summary: Tammiston aikaisen ja d) Loppupäätelmät Vuoden 1950 maatalouslaskennan yhteydessä suoritettu otantatiedustelu perunalajikkeiden viljelylaajuuksista osoittaa, että myöskin Suomessa viljelty perunalajikkeisto on varsin kirjava, ja että huomattavan suurilla aloilla vielä viljel- lään tuntemattomia, sekalaisia ja maatiaislajikkeita. keywords: alasta; area; eli; että; koko; kuin; lajikkeiden; maan; peruna; perunalajikkeiden; piirros; potato; sen; sitä; suomessa; tai; taul; varieties; viljellään; viljelmillä; viljelyalasta; yli cache: afs-71385.pdf plain text: afs-71385.txt item: #875 of 2310 id: afs-71386 author: Gyllenberg, Helge; Lampila, Martti title: Lactate-utilizing Corynebacterium from the rumen of cattle date: 1955 words: 1473 flesch: 56 summary: The most interesting problem in this connection is whether organisms which obviously cannot be considered autochthonous rumen bacteria may play some role in fermentations in the rumen. The possible in- crease in cell concentration in the experiments with »growing cultures» was not determined. keywords: experiments; lactate; rumen; strain; type cache: afs-71386.pdf plain text: afs-71386.txt item: #876 of 2310 id: afs-71387 author: Juuramo, Jouko title: A. E. Sandelin date: 1955 words: 1851 flesch: 49 summary: Sandelin oli mukaansatempaava ja taitava opettaja. ja v. 1938 »Juustonvalmistus» (yhdessä toht. keywords: butter; dairy; että; helsinki; hän; oli; research; sandelin; science; studies cache: afs-71387.pdf plain text: afs-71387.txt item: #877 of 2310 id: afs-71388 author: Franssila, Matti title: Ångströmin hallanennustusmenetelmän soveltamisesta Suomen oloihin date: 1955 words: 2178 flesch: 54 summary: Ilman staattisen jäähtymisen ennustamiseksi kehitetyt menetelmät voidaan jakaa kahteen päätyyppiin: https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=1AvRPW_mS7DmkRYP.p1zGqcJa2xjNvJnapWM9jg.VdeuzSXuWCVi5dZqvsymPGTPTJhhNnoaXaCKaHn4_aeQxaGc863xhpC-QxiOqSUdkjQ0g_i1jTGyO8QFRvzegl-_P4tCjqEJMjaumkHPDRmdNSekLj5j5NlSTaIwaipIin0m7IkHwJMhZGKKJHaFW5nneNeTe98xZ1Njgw8 64 MATTI FRANSSILA 1) menetelmiin, jotka ottavat huomioon efektiivisen ulossäteilyn ja vaihdon voimakkuuden sekä maan fysikaaliset ominaisuudet ja 2) menetelmiin, jotka perustuvat pääasiassa 2 m korkeudessa suoritettuihin lämpötila- ja kosteusmittauksiin. = Ctt -Cj0 -k olevan lausekkeen, jossa tx on psykrometrin kuivan lämpömittarin ja t 0 kostean lämpömittarin lukema sekä C, C 0 ja k vakioita, jotka riippuvat pilvisyydestä ja paikallisista tekijöistä sekä siitä, minä vuoden- keywords: avulla; der; die; että; ilman; jotka; sekä; sen; tekijöistä; vakioiden; voidaan; yhtälön cache: afs-71388.pdf plain text: afs-71388.txt item: #878 of 2310 id: afs-71389 author: Paloheimo, L.; Mäkelä, A.; Salo, M.-L. title: Some quantitative data on the role of the ruminant proventriculi in the digestion and absorption of nitrogen-free organic matter date: 1955 words: 3258 flesch: 61 summary: Moreover, the terms used are highly misleading: they still speak of »rumen digestion coefficients» However, as a considerable absorption of volatile fatty acids probably occurs in the omasum and as the omasum functions as a filter press, the figures proposed by Gray as rumen digestion coefficients must 2 L. PALOHEIMO, A. MÄKELÄ and M.-L. keywords: digestibility; digestion; hay; lignin; matter; proventriculi; rumen cache: afs-71389.pdf plain text: afs-71389.txt item: #879 of 2310 id: afs-71390 author: Mäkelä, Aarne; Oittila, Raija title: Tiineysajan pituus viikin opetus- ja koetilan ayrshirekarjassa date: 1955 words: 3006 flesch: 60 summary: ei saattanut todeta vuorosuhdetta tiineysajan ja ummessaoloajan pituuden välillä. Koko aineiston (ilman kaksosvasikkatapauksia) lehmien ja ensikantoisten lehmien tiineysaikojen keski- arvojen erotus oli 0.39 keywords: että; kertaa; keskimäärin; kuin; lehmien; lehmän; mukaan; oli; pehu; pituuden; pituus; pituuteen; tiineysaika; tiineysajan; vasikan; vrk cache: afs-71390.pdf plain text: afs-71390.txt item: #880 of 2310 id: afs-71391 author: Pohjakallio, Onni ; Salonen, Arvi title: Orientoitumisvaiheen tulokset Muddusniemen koetilan nurmikasvitutkimuksissa date: 1956 words: 5699 flesch: 59 summary: Nurmikasvi- lajien ja -kantojen talvehtimisen ja satoisuuden kuvauksessa eri kokeiden tulokset on koottu samoihin taulukoihin (taulukot I—4).1 —4). ja v. 1951 varsinaisiin nurmikasvien laji-, kanta- ja vil- jelyteknillisiin kokeisiin. keywords: abb; apilan; auf; borealis; den; der; die; eri; että; hyvin; jähr; kasvit; kuin; kuitenkin; kuva; mutta; myös; nurmi; oli; olivat; ollut; pohjakallio; pratensis; puna; sadon; sato; sen; tammisto; taulukko; und; vaikutus; vain; viikin; von; vuoden; vuosina; wiese cache: afs-71391.pdf plain text: afs-71391.txt item: #881 of 2310 id: afs-71392 author: Kaila, Armi title: Phosphorus in various depths of some virgin peat lands date: 1956 words: 6774 flesch: 68 summary: Also the fact that the carbon com- pounds in peat and in residues of peat land plants are not easily available tends to decrease the limit value. The total phosphorus was deter- mined from a Kjeldahl-digest; organic phosphorus was estimated by the acid- alkali extraction method and by an ignition procedure and reported as an average of the results of these two methods (4). keywords: inorganic; lands; matter; o—2; peat; phosphorus; plant; samples cache: afs-71392.pdf plain text: afs-71392.txt item: #882 of 2310 id: afs-71393 author: Haavisto, Matti title: Typhula betae Rostr. on winter turnip rape date: 1956 words: 1154 flesch: 71 summary: Esitetyt tiedot sekä kasvitautiosaston taholta suoritetut, syysrypsin talvehtimisvaurioiden syitä selvittelevät havainnot osoittavat, että Suomessa esiintyy syysrypsissä yleisenä Typhula-sieniä., ja että tähänastisten tietojen perusteella talvehtimisvaurioiden aiheuttajana on laji Typhula betae Rostr. The entire material proved to be of Typhula betae Rostr. species. keywords: betae; typhula cache: afs-71393.pdf plain text: afs-71393.txt item: #883 of 2310 id: afs-71394 author: Saarinen, Pellervo; Lönnfors, Marita title: A formula for calculating the effects of feeding on the iodine number of milk fat date: 1956 words: 3768 flesch: 74 summary: The relationship of stage of lactation, pasturage and environmental temperature to the degree of unsaturation of cow milk fat. It is a well known fact that a very close relationship exists between the iodine number of milk fat and the consistency of butter (19, 39, 33, 32). keywords: acids; effect; fat; feeding; iodine; iodine number; milk; milk fat; number; ration cache: afs-71394.pdf plain text: afs-71394.txt item: #884 of 2310 id: afs-71395 author: Kivi, Erkki I. title: The epidemic of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici) on spring wheat in South-West Finland in 1951, primarily from the breeder’s point of view date: 1956 words: 9794 flesch: 69 summary: Black stem rust has reappeared, it is true, but has done little damage and its occurrences have not reached epidemic proportions. Mostly the local occurrences have been associated with the appearance of the Berberis species susceptible to black stem rust. keywords: breeding; diamant; epidemic; finland; grain; material; observations; plant; resistance; south; spring; stem rust; summer; varieties; wheat cache: afs-71395.pdf plain text: afs-71395.txt item: #885 of 2310 id: afs-71396 author: Kaila, Armi title: Phosphorus in virgin peat soils date: 1956 words: 12388 flesch: 67 summary: In addition to this, it can be supposed that the degree of humification could exert some effect upon the accumulation of organic P. Also the relations of N content and organic P content may be noteworthy. This probably can be partly attributed to the difficulties connected with the analyses of peat samples. keywords: correlation; degree; group; humification; p content; peat; peat samples; peat soils; phosphorus; samples; total p cache: afs-71396.pdf plain text: afs-71396.txt item: #886 of 2310 id: afs-71397 author: Kaila, Armi; Missilä, Hilve title: Accumulation of fertilizer phosphorus in peat soils date: 1956 words: 4886 flesch: 65 summary: The total P, inorganic P and organic P content of the plots annually dressed with 0, 20, 40 or 60 kg/ha of P 20 5 applied as superphosphate is reported in Table 1. The data in the same paper indicated that during the ten years of an experiment the total content of organic P in a limed lowmoor peat soil increased due to the P fertilizers, and even more intensively than the corresponding content of inorganic P. Jackman (4, 5) has found a rather marked conversion of applied P into organic forms also in mineral soils. keywords: acid; inorganic; peat; phosphate; samples; soils cache: afs-71397.pdf plain text: afs-71397.txt item: #887 of 2310 id: afs-71398 author: Laurila, Kaiho; Antila, Simo title: Perunan mukulain kuiva-ainepitoisuuden vaihteluista date: 1956 words: 2426 flesch: 61 summary: Perunan kasvuaika (taulukko 2) muodostui vuosina 1952 ja 1953 jonkinverran lyhyemmäksi kuin muina koevuosina varsiston aikaisemman hallavioituksen takia. Kuiva-ainepitoisuus on ollut keskimääräistä korkeampi (22.46 d: 0.09 % ja 22.51 ± 0.18 %) lämpimien ja kuivien kesien 1951 ja 1955, alin (16.53 d; 0.05 %) viileän ja kostean kesän 1952 mukulasadossa. keywords: ainepitoisuus; aquila; der; des; die; eri; knollen; kuin; kuiva; mukulain; ollut; perunan; piirros; taulukko; trockensubstanzgehalt; und cache: afs-71398.pdf plain text: afs-71398.txt item: #888 of 2310 id: afs-71399 author: Saarinen, P.; Syrjänen, E.; Hyvärinen, Vuokko title: Kokeita automaattiruokinnan järjestämiseksi meijerisikalassa date: 1956 words: 3509 flesch: 56 summary: Toisessa ruokintakokeessa (11/11 -55—30/4 -56) käytettiin aluksi 62 vuoro- kauden ajan samaa perusrehua kuin ensimmäisessä kokeessa ja sen jälkeen toista maissivaltaista seosta, johon valkuaispitoisuuden nostamiseksi oli lisätty mm. 5 % Vaasan Höyrymyllyn valmistamaa »Täysivoima»-nimistä sikojen valkuaisväkirehu- seosta. kg kg g g/Pv 15—20 0.9 117 2.0 1.5 0.5 0.85 120 20—25 1.1 2.0 3.5 0.6 1.08 146 US 25—30 1.3 1.0 5.0 0.8 1.21 146 30—35 1.5 1.0 10.0 0.9 1.65 200 192 35—40 1.7 10.0 1.2 1.77 196 40—45 1.9 12.5 1.2 1.95 218 220 45—.Vi 2.1 15.0 1.2 2.12 241 50—55 2.3 20.0 1.1 2.38 277 250 55—60 2.5 20.0 1.l 2.38 277 60—65 2.6 23.0 1.1 2.59 304 65—70 2.7 23.0 1.1 2.59 304 265 70—75 2.8 25(1 1.2 2.82 331 270 7,-,_SO 2.9 25.0 12 2.82 331 80—S5 3.0 27.0 1.3 3.05 357 270 85—90 3.1 27.0 1.4 3.14 366 90—95 3.2 28.0 1.5 3.30 384 290 95—100 3.3 28.0 1.7 3.4 s 402 197KOKEITA AUTOMAATTIRUOKIN NAN JÄRJESTÄMISEKSI MEIJERISIKALASSA P. SAARINEN, E. SYRJÄNEN ja VUOKKO HYVÄRINEN198 Koetulokset Eri porsasryhmien kasvun kehitys kokeessa 1 on esitetty kuviossa 1 ja kokeessa 2 kuviossa 2. keywords: carcass; edellä; että; feed; group; heran; koe; kokeen; kokeessa; kuin; kuitenkin; myös; oli; perusrehu; quality; rehun; sikojen; stand; syrjänen; taulukossa; voidaan; vuokko; weight cache: afs-71399.pdf plain text: afs-71399.txt item: #889 of 2310 id: afs-71400 author: Ruokola, Anna-Liisa title: Torajyvän viljelykokeista Viikin koetilalla ja eräillä kasvinviljelyskoeasemilla Suomessa date: 1956 words: 6423 flesch: 56 summary: ja hermotautien parannus- ja lievitysaineina. Onkin todettu, että jos tähkät saastutetaan silloin kun ne juuri ovat vapautuneet tupesta, ja kun rukiin kasvusto on tasaisempaa ja mata- lampaa kuin myöhemmin, saadaan paras saastuntatulos. keywords: alkaloidipitoisuus; als; apukassa; auf; dem; den; der; des; die; ennen; ensi; eri; että; koetilalla; kokeissa; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; liisa; myös; oli; olivat; ovat; petkus; rukiin; sekä; sen; sklerootioiden; suoritettiin; taulukko; torajyvän; torajyväsato; tähkistä; und; vasta; viikin; von; vuosina; über cache: afs-71400.pdf plain text: afs-71400.txt item: #890 of 2310 id: afs-71401 author: Kurkki, Lea M.; Wittwer, S. H. title: Thermoperiodity and flower formation in some tomato varieties date: 1956 words: 2213 flesch: 67 summary: Night temperatures during the early stage of growth not only affect flower number, but also affect the position on the stem at which the first inflorescence will develop (8, 13, 14, 19). Night temperature Yölämpötila 50—55° F 65—70° F No. of flowers in No. of flowers in No. of flowers in No. of flowers in Variety first cluster second cluster first cluster second cluster Lajike Kukkien lukumäärä Kukkien lukumäärä Kukkien lukumäärä Kukkien lukumäärä ensim. keywords: cluster; flower; night; number; temperature; tomato; varieties cache: afs-71401.pdf plain text: afs-71401.txt item: #891 of 2310 id: afs-71402 author: Kaila, Armi title: Determination of the degree of humification in peat samples date: 1956 words: 8247 flesch: 60 summary: The degree of humification is a valuable characteristic of peat samples, important not only for soil chemists but also for agricultural and industrial purposes. Such a method based on the physical characteristics of peat samples is e.g. Segeberg’s (10) determination of the »Vertorfungszahl», the increase in the volume weight of ash-free dry matter expressed as a percentage of the corresponding weight of volume for the sample to be analyzed. keywords: degree; humification; material; o—2; peat samples; samples; samples r; volume; volume weight; weight cache: afs-71402.pdf plain text: afs-71402.txt item: #892 of 2310 id: afs-71403 author: Barkoff, Eugen title: Ein automatischer Apparat zur Bestimmung der austauschbaren Ionen, insbesondere phosphat-Ionen, im Boden mittels Ionenaustauscher date: 1956 words: 2693 flesch: 59 summary: und Karbonationen in der Lösung und Dagegen wirkt die Konzentration der Karbonatlösungen auf die Verteilung des ausgelösten Phosphates zwischen der Lösung und dem Harz beträchtlich ein. keywords: apparat; auf; aus; austauschbaren; bei; bodenprobe; das; dem; den; der; des; die; durch; ein; eine; harz; ist; lösung; mit; sich; trichter; und; von; wird cache: afs-71403.pdf plain text: afs-71403.txt item: #893 of 2310 id: afs-71404 author: Kaila, Armi; Kivekäs, Jaakko title: Distribution of extractable calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in various depths of some virgin peat soils date: 1956 words: 4406 flesch: 70 summary: Our information even of the combined effect of all these factors on the nutrient content of various peat layers is rather poor. The authors were interested in the contents of plant available calcium, mag- nesium and potassium in various depths of peat lands. keywords: calcium; content; matter; peat; plant; potassium cache: afs-71404.pdf plain text: afs-71404.txt item: #894 of 2310 id: afs-71405 author: Oksanen, Erkki H. title: Maataloustraktorien kunnossapitokustannuksesta date: 1956 words: 2659 flesch: 29 summary: Edellisiin kuuluvat poisto-, korko-, säilytys-, vakuutus-, vero- ja kunnossapitokustannukset, sekä jälkimmäisiin ajajan palkka ja poltto- ja voiteluainekustannukset. ja n. 59 % dieseltraktorin korjauskustannuksista. keywords: costs; dieseltraktorin; engine; että; kohden; kunnossapitokustannus; käyttötuntia; maintenance; medium; myös; ovat; paraffin; petrol; prosenttiin; repair; sekä; tractor; traktoreiden; traktorin; use cache: afs-71405.pdf plain text: afs-71405.txt item: #895 of 2310 id: afs-71406 author: Rautavaara, Toivo title: Yleisimpien puutarhakasvien suomenkielinen nimistö date: 1956 words: 6003 flesch: 44 summary: hortörum - tavallinen p. abies ( exc6lsa ) tavallinen k., damascéna - kesäinen n. _ peltåtum - riippup. grandiflöra - iso s. Hördeum jubåtum - partaohra Jüglans - jalopähkinä Grevillea - silkkipensas Hosta - kuunlilja cinerea - Amerikan j. Gypsöphila - raunikki; harsokukka undulåta - kirjava k.— mandschürica - Mantsuurian j.— elegans - yksivuotinen harso- Höwea - kentiapalmu Juniperus - kataja kukka Höya bélla - siro posliinikukka chinénsis - Kiinan k.— paniculåta - morsiamen harso- carnösa - posliinikukka communis - tavallinen k. kukka Hümulus lupulus - humala f. columna - pylväsk. keywords: aito; alba; alpina; alpinum; ananas; angervo; artisokka; canadensis; chinénsis; chrysanthemum; communis; euphorbia; ficus; grandiflöra; horténsis; hybrida; iso; jalo; japanin; japönica; kanadan; kasvien; kaukasian; kello; keltainen; kiinan; kirjava; kirsikka; komea; kukka; lajeja; liiton; lilja; luettelon; malva; maxima; myös; nimeä; officinalis; ohdake; ovat; palava; pendula; pensas; prunus; punainen; purpurea; puutarhakasvien; puutarhaviljelijäin; saksan; saxifraga; senécio; sibirica; siperian; siro; ssp; tavallinen; valkea; vulgaris cache: afs-71406.pdf plain text: afs-71406.txt item: #896 of 2310 id: afs-71407 author: Varo, Mikko title: Sonnien jälkeläisarvostelun tuloksista erilaisessa ympäristössä II date: 1956 words: 5119 flesch: 40 summary: Koska sonnien valinta yleensä, ja myös keino- siemennystoimintaan, joudutaan useimmiten suorittamaan vanhempien tulosten perusteella, sallii näinkin suuri sonnien luku jo melko ankaran valinnan isien jälke- läisarvostelu] en nojalla. Säännöllisyysprosentin vuoro- suhde on jopa negatiivinen, ja myös suomenkarjan aineistossa sen arvo on sangen heikko. keywords: aineistossa; auf; ayrshirerodulla; bei; bullen; das; den; der; des; die; eri; että; für; joka; jälkeläisarvostelun; jälkeläisten; karjojen; keskimäärin; keskituotosten; koska; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; luku; myös; nyt; oli; ovat; perusteella; rodun; saatu; sich; siitä; sind; sonnien; suhteellisten; suomenkarjan; tuloksista; tuotosten; und; vain; von; vuorosuhde; vuorosuhteet; worden cache: afs-71407.pdf plain text: afs-71407.txt item: #897 of 2310 id: afs-71408 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: The use of fog and smoke in frost defence date: 1956 words: 3276 flesch: 58 summary: The objective is thus to find an intermediate form between fog generation and sprinkling by pro- ducing a fog of such droplet size, or otherwise of such properties that it will descend after floating for a certain time. Furthermore a study was made of the influence of natural fog upon the effective outgoing radiation. keywords: area; defence; differences; fog; frost; radiation; smoke; temperature cache: afs-71408.pdf plain text: afs-71408.txt item: #898 of 2310 id: afs-71409 author: Maijala, Kauko title: Mechanized reclamation of swamplands in Finland date: 1956 words: 3734 flesch: 62 summary: Developing the Equipment and Methods Preliminary measures for the starting of mechanized clearing operations were taken in 1940, but owing to the war and the machine acquisitions the actual program was not initiated until 1946; j The tractors of the caterpillar-type have always been bought abroad, mainly in the United States; and they have been mostly Caterpillar and Allis-Chalmers models. Land clearing in a bog with a thick layer of peat. keywords: clearing; fig; finland; labour; land; operations; reclamation; stumps; work cache: afs-71409.pdf plain text: afs-71409.txt item: #899 of 2310 id: afs-71410 author: Aalto-Setälä, J. E. title: Eemeli Kitunen date: 1956 words: 2935 flesch: 42 summary: Hän oh myös Pohjois- maiden maataloustutkijain yhdistyksen Suomen osaston johtokunnan jäsen, useiden tieteellisten seurojen jäsen, Rikkihappo- ja ja tutkimusmenetelmät tieteellisesti täysin J. E. AALTO-SETÄLÄ72 päteviksi ja kansainvälisen mitan täyttäviksi. keywords: chairman; commerce; eemeli; hän; hänen; jäsen; kauran; kitunen; law; member; oli; puheenjohtaja; research; seed; sekä; siementarkastuslaitoksen; state; station; testing; valtion cache: afs-71410.pdf plain text: afs-71410.txt item: #900 of 2310 id: afs-71411 author: Kivinen, Erkki title: D. J. Hissink date: 1956 words: 775 flesch: 35 summary: Mutta Hissink, huolimatta siitä että hän oli 1939 tullut täysin palvelleeksi, ryhtyi sodan päätyttyä jälleen voimak- kaasti kehittämään yhteistoimintaa, ja jo v. 1950 yli 700 maaperäntutkijaa eri puolilta maapalloa kokoontui Amsterdamiin neljänteen kansainväliseen kongres- siin. Tämä työ tapahtui hyvin suu- ressa määrin laajana yhteistyönä monien saksalaisten ja ranskalaisten tutkijoiden kanssa ja se oli omiaan kehittämään Groningenin maantutkimuslaitoksesta kan- sainvälisesti tunnetun tutkimuskeskuksen. keywords: erittäin; hissink; hän; hänen; maan; mutta; oli; sen; tutkimuksia cache: afs-71411.pdf plain text: afs-71411.txt item: #901 of 2310 id: afs-71412 author: Kivinen, Erkki title: Eilhard Alfred Mitscherlich date: 1956 words: 1193 flesch: 35 summary: Ne joilla on ollut tilaisuus tutustua häneen, muistavat aina mielihyvin sen kodikkaan ja vaati- mattoman tavan, jolla tämä kuuluisa tutkija on ottanut heidät laitoksessaan vas- taan, perehdyttänyt heidät tutkimusmenetelmien yksityiskohtiin ja ollut valmis keskustelemaan kulloinkin ajankohtaisista ammattikysymyksistä. Mit- scherlichin kasvutekijäin vaikutuslaki esitetään matemaattisesti seuraavasti: / =(A —y) -c dx 81EILHARD ALFRED MITSCHERLICH 82 ERKKI KIVINEN Sen mukaan sadon lisäys (dy) kasvutekijän kohotessa (dxdlä) on suoraan verran- nollinen kysymyksessä olevissa olosuhteissa suurimman sadon (A) ja kasvutekijän arvolla x saavutetun sadon (y) väliseen erotukseen. keywords: alfred; eilhard; erityisesti; että; hän; hänen; kun; maan; mitscherlichin; oli; ovat; paljon; professori; sadon; sekä; sen cache: afs-71412.pdf plain text: afs-71412.txt item: #902 of 2310 id: afs-71413 author: Korpinen, Elli title: Kevätvehnälajikkeiden tuntomerkeistä date: 1956 words: 1853 flesch: 61 summary: Jyvä suuri, paksu, usein jauhomainen; kärjen nukkapinta vinossa, nukka melko pitkää »KANADALAINEN Kuten edellinen, mutta korren solmussa ja solmun yläpuolella vähemmän nukkaa MARQUIS = »TASKU» Lehdet melko kapeat. Lehdet ja tähkä pystymmät ja korsi vähän lyhempi kuin Sopu- HOPEA vehnän. keywords: fenolikäsittelyssä; jyvä; korren; korressa; kuin; melko; mutta; nukkaa; solmun; solmussa; suuri; tähkä; vähän; värittyvät; yleensä; yläpuolella cache: afs-71413.pdf plain text: afs-71413.txt item: #903 of 2310 id: afs-71414 author: Säkö, Jaakko title: Hedelmänviljelyä kohdanneesta tuhosta v. 1955-56 date: 1957 words: 8633 flesch: 81 summary: ja Taulukoista 3,4, 5, ja 6 joissa kasvupaikan olosuhteita ei ole eritelty, on esitetty yhdistelmä (taulukko 7), jossa lajikkeet on alueittain jaettu neljään ryh- mään. keywords: + +; alle; alue; antonovka; apple; eri; etelä; fruit; hibernation; kpl; kuin; maasto; mulloksella; number; omenapuiden; ovat; puiden; puita; puut; region; sekä; soil; sound; table; talvehtiminen; taulukko; terrain; tietoja; trees; variety; viettävää; years; äkerö cache: afs-71414.pdf plain text: afs-71414.txt item: #904 of 2310 id: afs-71415 author: Kaila, Armi; Kivekäs, Jaakko; Virri, Kalevi; Kivinen, Erkki title: Studies on the nutrient content of treeless Sphagnum papillosum bogs date: 1957 words: 2236 flesch: 68 summary: a. Carex lasiocarpa (or Carex rostrata) - Sphagnum papillosum bogs b. Sphagnum papillosum bog 40 Kemijärvi 6 LSCp H, LCp H 5 LCp H, The proper Sphagnum papillosum treeless bogs form the main part of this material. keywords: bogs; papillosum; scp h; sphagnum cache: afs-71415.pdf plain text: afs-71415.txt item: #905 of 2310 id: afs-71416 author: Aura, Klaus title: Suomessa viljellyn perunan virustautisuudesta date: 1957 words: 3023 flesch: 55 summary: E. A. Jamalaisen aloitteesta tutkimaan serologisesti perunan S- ja X-viruksien yleisyyttä ja levin- neisyyttä S- ja X-viroottisuus. keywords: eri; että; finland; lisäksi; maassamme; meillä; oli; ovat; perunan; potato; sen; sja; varieties; variety; viroottisia; virus; viruses; virusta; virusten cache: afs-71416.pdf plain text: afs-71416.txt item: #906 of 2310 id: afs-71417 author: Pohjakallio, Onni; Antila, Simo title: Eräiden soijalajikkeiden fotobiologisista ominaisuuksista date: 1957 words: 2234 flesch: 60 summary: Fiskeby Fiskeby 846—2—1 843—15—4 Pando Pitkä Lyhyt Pitkä Lyhyt Pitkä Lyhyt valojakso valojakso valojakso valojakso valojakso valojakso Lange Kurze Lange Kurze Lange Kurze Photo- Photo- Photo- Photo- Photo- Fiske- byn jalosteisiin valojakson pituuden vaikutus oli keskenään hyvin samansuuntai- nen, joskin ne muussa suhteessa erosivat toisistaan siten, että Fiskeby 846—2—l kasvoi selvästi korkeammaksi ja tuleentui hiukan aikaisemmin kuin Fiskeby 843 15—4. keywords: auf; der; die; että; fiskeby; kuin; oli; pando; siemensadon; soija; tabelle; taulukko; vaikutus; valojakso; valon cache: afs-71417.pdf plain text: afs-71417.txt item: #907 of 2310 id: afs-71418 author: Uotila, Irja title: Equisetum palustren esiintymisestä luonnontilaisilla soilla Keski- ja Pohjois-Suomessa date: 1957 words: 6103 flesch: 62 summary: Auf die Hauptmoortypen verteilen sich die Probeflächen von E. palustre folgendermassen (Ta- belle 1, S. 123); Brücher 57.4 %, Reisermoore 26.2 %, Weissmoore 11.0 % und Braunmoore 5.4 %. Taulukoissa on vertailun vuoksi ryhmitetty myöskin sa- moista kenttätutkimuskirjoista poimitut E. fluviatile- ja E. silvaticum- näyteruudut eri suotyyppien kesken. keywords: anzahl; anzahl anzahl; auf; bei; den; der; die; eigentliche; eniten; equisetum; eri; eutrofisia; ist; kuin; lukumäärä; määrä; näyteruuduissa; näyteruutujen; oli; ollut; ovat; palustre; probeflächen; silvaticum; sind; sphagnum; tai; und; varsinaiset; verschiedenen; von; weissmoore; yli; über cache: afs-71418.pdf plain text: afs-71418.txt item: #908 of 2310 id: afs-71419 author: Ahlberg, Erkki title: Eräiden hitaasti itävien siemenien itävyyden määrityksestä Tetrazolium-menetelmällä date: 1957 words: 2264 flesch: 51 summary: Itämiskykyisiksi katsottiin siemenet, joiden alkio ja siemenvalkuainen olivat kokonaan värjäytyneet sekä myös sellaiset, joiden siemenvalkuaisessa esiintyi vähäisiä pinnallisia värjäytymättömiä kohtia. Todennäköinen syy poikkeamiin on, että siementä ympäröivää luuta rikottaessa oli syntynyt vioit- tumia, jotka jäivät värjäytymättä ja siten terveitä siemeniä joutui lasketuksi kuolleitten ryhmään. keywords: ajan; der; die; että; itävyyden; joiden; jälkeen; koesarja; näytteet; oli; pirus; samen; siemenet; siementen; test; vain; voidaan cache: afs-71419.pdf plain text: afs-71419.txt item: #909 of 2310 id: afs-71420 author: Halonen, Reino; Juusela, Taneli title: Suomen peltojen maalajit, muokkauskerroksen syvyys ja maan happamuus date: 1957 words: 4966 flesch: 75 summary: Tällaisesta maalajista, jossa savi-, hiesu- ja hietalajitteita on lähes sama määrä, käytetään englanninkielisissä maissa nimitystä clay loam ja savilajitteen ollessa vähäinen nimitystä loam. Kymen, Vaasan ja Tampereen maanviljelysinsinööripiirien alueilla on savimaita jo huomattavasti vähemmän, eli 21—27 %. keywords: clay; fig; hiesusavi; hieta; hiuesavi; koko; kuin; kuva; layer; loam; mip; muokkauskerroksen; peat; sand; soil; syvyys; type cache: afs-71420.pdf plain text: afs-71420.txt item: #910 of 2310 id: afs-71421 author: Valle, Otto title: Die Entwicklung des Finnischen Pflanzenbaus nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg date: 1957 words: 3110 flesch: 67 summary: Die am meisten in die Augen fallende und betrüblichste Entwicklung ist der starke Rückgang des Brotgetreidebaus, der auf mancherlei Umstände zurückzuführen ist: u.a. die Preispolitik, unvorteilhafte Witterungsverhältnisse mit später Aussaat, Frost, Regen während der Erntezeit sowie schlechte Überwinterung des Wintergetreides. Die Nutzung der Ackerfläche in Finnland in den Jahren 1939 und 1956. keywords: als; auch; auf; das; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; finnland; für; hat; ist; jahren; man; mit; nach; sich; sind; sorten; und; von cache: afs-71421.pdf plain text: afs-71421.txt item: #911 of 2310 id: afs-71422 author: Valle, Otto title: The problem of red clover seed production in Finland date: 1957 words: 3482 flesch: 60 summary: About 300,000 hectares of grassland are established each year in Finland and the annual demand for red clover seed is about 2 million kilograms. According to official crop estimates, the production of red clover seed has exceeded 2 million kilograms in some years, but these figures are highly approximate. keywords: alberta; clover; finland; production; red; red clover; seed; tammisto; year cache: afs-71422.pdf plain text: afs-71422.txt item: #912 of 2310 id: afs-71423 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa title: Lignin studies I. Investigations concerning lignin determination date: 1957 words: 3992 flesch: 66 summary: In des- criptions of lignin determination methods various demands concerning the grade of fineness are prescribed. Review of sulphuric acid methods In the earliest methods used for the determination of lignin, extraction with organic solvents was the only pretreatment. keywords: acid; cent; crude; determination; extraction; lignin; method; protein; values; water cache: afs-71423.pdf plain text: afs-71423.txt item: #913 of 2310 id: afs-71424 author: Pohjakallio, Onni; Antila, Simo title: On the effect of day-length on the rate of development of spring cereals date: 1957 words: 2875 flesch: 60 summary: Besides, both the light intensity and the temperature conditions in South Finland are more favourable for a rapid rate of development of spring cereals than in Lapland. In the following special attention has been paid to the differences in photoperiodic sensitiveness of spring cereals at their different development stages. keywords: cereals; day; development; light; rate; spring cache: afs-71424.pdf plain text: afs-71424.txt item: #914 of 2310 id: afs-71425 author: Heinonen, Reijo title: Pohjamaan huokoisuussuhteista Suomen maalajeissa date: 1957 words: 2067 flesch: 57 summary: Ensin kaivettiin lapiolla 30 cm:n syvyinen kuoppa ja kuopan pohjaan hakattiin sitten erikoisrakenteinen näytteenottoputki (kuva 1), jolla voi ottaa puhtaita ja ehjiä 60 cm:n pituisia profiilipötkyjä. Lisäksi otettiin näiden havaintojen täydentämi- seksi kuudesta koealasta näytteet vain yhden kerran, valiten sellaisen ajankohdan ja koepaikan, että maan voitiin olettaa olevan kenttäkapasiteetissa. keywords: että; fig; helsinki; ilmatila; kuin; kun; kuva; maan; mutta; pohjamaan; saakka; suomen; syvyyteen; vain cache: afs-71425.pdf plain text: afs-71425.txt item: #915 of 2310 id: afs-71426 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa title: Lignin studies II. The lignin content and properties of lignin in different materials date: 1957 words: 3069 flesch: 70 summary: Even the usual lignin determination reveals a difference in the behaviour of lignin in different plant materials. According to Freudenberg et ai. (6) in lignin methoxyl must be attached to an aromatic ring in an ether form. keywords: acid; clover; content; lignin; membrane; methoxyl; substances; table cache: afs-71426.pdf plain text: afs-71426.txt item: #916 of 2310 id: afs-71427 author: Kiiskinen, Auvo title: Sadon riippuvaisuus väkilannoituksen ja kesän lämpöolojen vaihteluista Suomessa: Regressioanalyyttinen tarkastelu date: 1957 words: 2036 flesch: 45 summary: Edellä viitatuissa ja muissa vastaavanlaisissa selvityksissä (1, 2,5), joissa korrelaatiokertoimilla on kuvattu eri säätekijäin vaikutusta satoisuuteen, laskelmat ovat kohdistuneet yksinomaan aikaan, jolloin lämpötilan yleissuunta oli nouseva. Kuviosta nähdään, että vain kahtena vuotena 26 sta todellisen ja lasketun satoisuusluvun poikkeama kohoaa 10 %:n suuruusluokkaan. keywords: elokuun; että; fertilization; helsinki; keskilämpötilan; kuin; oli; ovat; satoisuuden; siihen; temperature; touko; volume; väkilannoituksen; yield cache: afs-71427.pdf plain text: afs-71427.txt item: #917 of 2310 id: afs-71428 author: Ruokola, Anna-Liisa title: Torajyväsienen, Claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul.:n sklerotioiden itämisestä date: 1957 words: 3442 flesch: 50 summary: Kesällä 1953 tehtiin torajyvien itämishavaintoja koekentällä (n. 14 m 2), joka edel- lisenä vuonna oli ollut Petkus-kevätrukiin kasvupaikkana, ja jossa ei syyskyntöä oltu suoritettu. Sklerotioiden itämistä tapahtui vain 1. ja 2. keywords: das; der; des; die; että; kaltbehandlung; koesarjassa; kpl; kuin; luku; myös; niiden; oli; rukiin; sklerotien; sklerotioiden; tabelle; taulukko; torajyvien; torajyväkannan; torajyvät; trichothecium; und; von; über cache: afs-71428.pdf plain text: afs-71428.txt item: #918 of 2310 id: afs-71429 author: Kaila, Armi; Soini, Sylvi title: Influence of lime on the accumulation of mineral nitrogen in incubation experiments of peat soils date: 1957 words: 3781 flesch: 63 summary: Thus it seems that the problem of the effect of liming upon the mineralisation of peat nitrogen is complex, and deserves more study particularly with regard to the different phases of the changes of nitrogen forms in soil. Summary In the present paper the effect of lime on the mobilization of peat nitrogen was studied using incubation experiments under laboratory conditions. keywords: incubation; lime; mineral; mineral nitrogen; months; nitrogen; peat; samples cache: afs-71429.pdf plain text: afs-71429.txt item: #919 of 2310 id: afs-71430 author: Hårdh, J. E. title: On the calcium uptake of glasshouse cucumber date: 1957 words: 1821 flesch: 61 summary: The chemical nature of the crystals has not been determined, but they are taken to be calcium salts, as on many other plants. The upper leaves of older plants become pale green beginning with the leaf margins, which turn somewhat upwards. keywords: calcium; cucumber; deficiency; leaf; leaves; plants; soil; uptake cache: afs-71430.pdf plain text: afs-71430.txt item: #920 of 2310 id: afs-71431 author: Heinonen, Reijo title: Suomen maalajien ominaispainosta date: 1957 words: 530 flesch: 42 summary: Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin eri puolilta etelä-Suomea, ja sen savespitoisuuden keskiarvo 40 % lienee lähellä Suomen viljeltyjen kivennäismaiden pohjamaan keskimääräistä savespitoisuutta. Kun tämän koko aineis- ton jakautuma on vino, laskettiin vielä erikseen 2—12 % humusta sisältävästä aineiston osasta (94 kpl, suunnilleen normaali jakautuma) osittaisregressiolasken- nalla ominaispainon (S) samanaikainen riippuvuus saves- ja humuspitoisuudesta (Xj ja x 2), jolloin saatiin piirroksessa 3 esitetty yhtälö. keywords: gravity; ominaispainon; piirros; soils; suomen cache: afs-71431.pdf plain text: afs-71431.txt item: #921 of 2310 id: afs-71432 author: Kivekäs, Jaakko; Kaila, Armi title: Extractable calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium in diefferent peat types date: 1957 words: 7081 flesch: 66 summary: Determination of the degree of humification in peat samples. Calicium, magnesium, potassium and sodium extracted by 1 N ammonium chloride from virgin peat samples. keywords: calcium; content; o—2; peat; samples cache: afs-71432.pdf plain text: afs-71432.txt item: #922 of 2310 id: afs-71433 author: Laurila, Kaiho title: Solanum tuberosum L. ja S. demissum Lindl.-lajien välisten risteytysten F1-polvessa ilmenneestä kasvullisesta muuntelusta date: 1957 words: 4211 flesch: 58 summary: Helsingin yliopiston kasvipatologian laitoksen perunakokeissa on todettu Solanum tuberosum L. ja Solanum demissum LiNDL.-lajien välisten risteytysten Fj-polvessa spontaanista, kasvullista muuntelua tavanomaista runsaammin, joten sen luonteeseen jouduttiin kiinnittämään erityistä huomiota. Koeaineiston kasvuaika (taulukko 3) muodostui vv. 1950 ja 1953 erittäin pitkäksi tavallista myöhempään jatkuneiden lämpimien säiden vuoksi. keywords: 1951—53; aikainen; antosyaniväri; demissum; den; der; die; että; kloonien; knollen; kuin; kuiva; mukulain; muuntelua; oli; ollut; ovat; sen; solanum; tammiston; taulukko; tuberosum; und; varsiston cache: afs-71433.pdf plain text: afs-71433.txt item: #923 of 2310 id: afs-71434 author: Rolfes, M. title: Die Betriebswirtschaftliche Beratung in Deutschland date: 1957 words: 2104 flesch: 46 summary: Aber auch heute gibt es Sonderaufgaben in der Beratung, die ganz spezifisch betriebswirtschaftlicher Art sind und die auch über die Arbeitskapa- zität der allgemeinen Beratung hinausgehen. Ich möchte die Entwicklung bis zum zweiten Weltkrieg kurz zusammenfassen; Die Beratung, die der grossen Masse der Landwirte zur Verfügung stand, war organisatorisch mit dem niederen landwirtschaftlichen Schulwesen eng verbunden. keywords: aber; auch; beratung; betriebswirtschaftliche; das; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; für; ist; mit; nicht; schulung; und; von; werden cache: afs-71434.pdf plain text: afs-71434.txt item: #924 of 2310 id: afs-71435 author: Jamalainen, E. A. title: Overwintering of Gramineae-plants and parasitic fungi II. On the Typhula sp-.fungi in Finland date: 1957 words: 3303 flesch: 85 summary: M. H. = Matti Haavisto, E. A. J. = E. A. Jamalainen, A. Y. = Aarre Ylimäki. Sta., 25. 4. 50; M. H.; 29. 5. 51: E. A. J.; 6. 6. 52: E. A. J Deschampsia sp. Kb Tohmajärvi, Exp. keywords: a. j.; e. a.; exp; m. h.; sta cache: afs-71435.pdf plain text: afs-71435.txt item: #925 of 2310 id: afs-71436 author: Ruokola, Anna-Liisa title: Torajyväsienen, Claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul.:n, leviämisestä ja torjunnasta date: 1957 words: 3507 flesch: 58 summary: Rukiin jyvän suurentumista torajyvän korjuun ja rukiin leikkuun välisenä aikana ei ollut varmuudella todettavissa. Torajyvän viljelykokeista Viikin koetilalla ja eräillä kasvinviljelyskoe- asemilla Suomessa. keywords: den; der; des; die; ensi; että; infizierten; kpl; kuitenkin; mutterkörner; oli; roggen; rukiin; saastutetun; tabelle; taulukko; torajyviä; torajyväsienen; tähkien; viikin; von; vrt; vuosina cache: afs-71436.pdf plain text: afs-71436.txt item: #926 of 2310 id: afs-71437 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: On the influence of plant cover upon soil temperature date: 1957 words: 1028 flesch: 63 summary: As the plant cover has an effect upon soil temperature (v., e.g., 1,6, 7), the presence of plant cover might have disturbed the investigations inasmuch as it would not have been similar in all the years of investigation and on all investigated sites. Soil temperatures at 10 and 20 cm depth. 1955. keywords: maan; plant; soil; temperature cache: afs-71437.pdf plain text: afs-71437.txt item: #927 of 2310 id: afs-71438 author: Kivekäs, Jaakko title: Turvenäytteiden kuivaamisen ja jauhamisen vaikutuksesta analyysituloksiin date: 1958 words: 3008 flesch: 62 summary: Tarkasteltaessa taulukossa 1 ilmoitettuja vesilietteestä suoritettujen pH-määritysten tuloksia, voidaan havaita, että kuivattamisen ja jauhamisen jäl- keen suoritettujen mittauksien tulokset ovat jonkin verran suurempia kuin tuo- reesta materiaalista suoritettujen, ts. Havaitaan, että kuivattamisen ja jauhamisen jälkeen näyt- teistä on uuttunut huomattavasti enemmän ammoniumtyppeä kuin tuoreista, ja että lisäykset ovat tilastollisestikin luotettavia. keywords: erotus; että; ilmakuiva; johdosta; kuin; kuivattamisen; näytteiden; näytteissä; ole; ovat; sekä; soil; suoritettujen; tuore cache: afs-71438.pdf plain text: afs-71438.txt item: #928 of 2310 id: afs-71439 author: Mäkitie, Osmo title: Viljavuusanalyysin tarkkuudesta date: 1958 words: 1403 flesch: 46 summary: Koehenkilöiden suorittamien rinnakkaismääritysten vastaava m-% on kevyillä mailla ±2.14 %, raskailla mailla ±0.95 % eli keskimäärin ±1.38 % tilavuuspai- nosta (taul. Tämä ero lisää uuttuneita ravinnemääriä keskimäärin seuraavasti; Ca ja K ±0.95 %, P ±0.25 % (1). keywords: eri; kun; laboratorioitten; ovat; sekä; soil; testing; viljavuustutkimuksen cache: afs-71439.pdf plain text: afs-71439.txt item: #929 of 2310 id: afs-71440 author: Suvenvuo, K. G. title: Tyttärien karjojen tuotantotason vaikutuksesta sonnien maidontuotantoarvoihin date: 1958 words: 2358 flesch: 42 summary: Jokaista son- nien tyttärien maitotuotosta on verrattu karjansa keskiarvotuotokseen samana tarkkailuvuotena ja tyttärien maitotuotosten sekä karjojen keskiarvotuotosten keskiarvoista laskettu suhteelliset maidontuotantoarvot. Taulukossa 1 on esitetty tutkittujen sonnien tyttärien tuotosten lukumäärät ja maitotuotosten keskiarvot kolmelta ensimmäiseltä tuotantovuodelta, kun aineisto on jaettu karjojen tuotantotason perusteella edellä esitetyllä tavalla. keywords: der; eri; että; karjojen; keskiarvotuotosten; maitotuotosten; myös; ole; ovat; perusteella; sen; siis; sonnien; taulukossa; tuotantoluokassa; tuotantotason; tuotosten; tyttäret; tyttärien cache: afs-71440.pdf plain text: afs-71440.txt item: #930 of 2310 id: afs-71441 author: Hilli, Aarne title: Siemenviljan itävyyttä alentavista tekijöistä date: 1958 words: 2697 flesch: 58 summary: i i i r ipl % ja monitahoisella ohralla (piirros 1), kauralla ja kevätvehnällä (piirros 2) sekä syysveh- nällä ja rukiilla (piirros 3). keywords: bei; diagramm; gerste; hallan; itävyys; itävyyttä; kaksitahoisella; kauralla; kevätvehnällä; kpl; kuin; monitahoisella; näytteiden; ohralla; oli; piirros; proben; rukiilla; sekä; syysvehnällä; und cache: afs-71441.pdf plain text: afs-71441.txt item: #931 of 2310 id: afs-71442 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa title: Lignin studies III. Lignin as tracer in digestibility investigations date: 1958 words: 3421 flesch: 66 summary: Lignin in organic matter % 7.9 13.4 16.6 11,6 11.9 “ 18.3 2LO Crude protein in crude lignin %of 21.3 19,2 18.1 16.2 17.2 16.8 14.0 crude lignin Lignin methoxyl %of lignin 12.9 13.2 12.4 11.8 10.2 11.5 11.5 Losses of lignin methoxyl % —2.3 3.9 8.5 20.9 10.9 10.9 Cow 3. Lignin in organic matter % 7.9 14.5 18.1 14.4 12.5 20.9 22.8 Crude protein in crude lignin %of 21.3 20.1 18.6 15.6 16.4 16.9 14.4 crude lignin ■ Lignin methoxyl % of lignin 12.9 11.6 Losses of lignin methoxyl % 10.1 101 excretion of hippuric acid per 100 g lignin of food when less mature hay is fed and suppose the excretion of benzoic acid to indicate a metabolism of lignin in the animal body. keywords: coefficients; content; crude; digestibility; hay; lignin; method; methoxyl cache: afs-71442.pdf plain text: afs-71442.txt item: #932 of 2310 id: afs-71443 author: Varo, Mikko; Vainikainen, Viljo title: Der für Pferde verschiedenen Gewichts und Alters anzusetzende Zugwiderstand date: 1958 words: 3495 flesch: 53 summary: Die Zuverlässigkeit der auf die Zugergebnisse von Stuten zu gründenden Nachkommenbeurteilung ist ebenfalls für sich vor- zunehmen. Die Gleichung der Regressionsgeraden, nach der der Zugwiderstand der übrigen Gewichtsklassen bestimmt wird, lautet y 78.4 0.024 x in der x die Gewichtsklasse bedeutet. keywords: als; auch; auf; aus; bei; das; dass; den; der; des; die; eine; für; hat; hengste; ist; lebendgewicht; nach; nicht; pferde; sich; sind; und; von; zugergebnisse; zugfähigkeit; zugkraft; zwischen cache: afs-71443.pdf plain text: afs-71443.txt item: #933 of 2310 id: afs-71444 author: Kaila, Armi title: Effect of superphosphate on the mobilization of nitrogen in a peat soil date: 1958 words: 4691 flesch: 61 summary: The data for ammonium nitrogen content are of the same mag- nitude in both years, but the nitrate nitrogen content seems to be considerably higher in the latter year. In the plots of the highest treatment with superphosphate both the ammonium and nitrate nitrogen contents as well as their sums are distinctly higher than in the untreated plots. keywords: nitrogen; nitrogen content; plots; samples; soil; superphosphate cache: afs-71444.pdf plain text: afs-71444.txt item: #934 of 2310 id: afs-71445 author: Nikkilä, Olavi E.; Linko, Reino R. title: Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs: The effect on moulds II date: 1958 words: 3265 flesch: 58 summary: Also the efficiency of hexa- methylenetetramine is slightly lower at pH 7, but ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate and vitamin K 5 are equally effective in neutral and in acid medium. When only the concentrations of the undissociated, microbiostatically active fractions are compared, it is seen that they are lower in neutral than in acid medium, which is in accordance with earlier observations (6). keywords: acid; benzoic; growth; hexamethylenetetramine; medium; preservatives cache: afs-71445.pdf plain text: afs-71445.txt item: #935 of 2310 id: afs-71446 author: Kaila, Armi title: Availability for plants of phosphorus in some virgin peat samples date: 1958 words: 4311 flesch: 69 summary: EuSCp v'i 5.6 0.25 9.8 14000 640 500 78 135 Table 2. Inorganic phosphorus in peat samples (Expressed as mg/1 of soil) Extracted by Sample Total 0.5 N 1 % 0.1 N water acetic acid citric acid HjSOj 1. Changes in the content of inorganic and organic phosphorus in peat samples incubated for four months at 27°C Inorganic P mg/1 Organic P mg/1 Sample original incubated increase original incubated decrease 1. keywords: acid; csp; inorganic; lcp; peat; phosphorus; pot; samples; scp cache: afs-71446.pdf plain text: afs-71446.txt item: #936 of 2310 id: afs-71447 author: Manner, Rolf title: Studies on seed-setting in leguminous plants. I. Peas date: 1958 words: 6599 flesch: 78 summary: The length The breadth Number of Number of Number of Number of Length of Seed of the of the of the ovules fully deve- defective dead peduncle, weight, pod pods, milli- pods, milli- per ovary loped seeds seeds ovules milli- milligrams metres metres metres per pod First 64 11.5 6.5 5.7 0.6 0.2 101 1648 Second 65 11.5 6.8 6.1 0.4 0.3 84 1796 Third 66 11.9 7.0 6.3 0.6 0.1 81 1728 Central 63 11.4 6.5 5.6 0.6 0.3 88 1610 The brea- Number Number Number Number Length Seed of the node of the dth of the of ovules of fully of of of pe- weight, and pod number pods, pods, per developed defective dead duncle, milli- and pod position milli- milli- ovary seeds seeds ovules milli- grams metres metres metres per pod One pod per node Lowest 5 68 11.8 7.0 6.6 0.2 0.2 115 2084 Central 5 64 11.2 7.0 6.6 0.4 80 1886 keywords: length; material; mean; node; number; ovules; percentage; plant; pods; seeds; table; weight cache: afs-71447.pdf plain text: afs-71447.txt item: #937 of 2310 id: afs-71448 author: Manner, Rolf title: Studies on seed-setting in leguminous plants. II. Vetches date: 1958 words: 5960 flesch: 75 summary: The length, The breadth Number Number Number Number Seed of the node n of the of the of of fully of of dead weight and pod pods, pods ovules developed defective ovules milligrams number millimetres millimetres per ovary seeds seeds per pod One pod per node Lowest 11 67 9.9 8.7 7.8 0.9 617 Central 25 68 9.8 8.9 6.6 1.9 0.4 485 Highest 11 63 9.7 8.1 6.7 1.3 0.1 351 Mean 66 9.8 8.7 7.0 1.5 0.2 484 Two podsper node Lowest 40 69 9.8 9.2 8.3 0.6 0.3 661 The figures are as follows: Number of pods Number of Number of Number of Number of per plant ovules per fully developed defective dead ovules plant seeds per plant seeds per plant per plant 6 7 53.4 45.9 6.6 0,9 B—l 2 83.8 70.4 12.1 1.3 13—18 122.9 98.7 19.7 4.5 From this it appears that when the number of fully developed seeds is increasing with about 115 per cent the number of defective seeds is increasing with about 200 per cent and the number of dead ovules with 400 per cent. keywords: material; number; number number; ovules; peas; plant; pods; seeds cache: afs-71448.pdf plain text: afs-71448.txt item: #938 of 2310 id: afs-71449 author: Hårdh, J. E.; Sulkinoja, M. title: Alternaria-, Fusarium- ja Venturia-itiöden runsaus ilmassa date: 1958 words: 3306 flesch: 66 summary: Vuonna 1957, jolloin alkukesä oli runsassateinen ja jolloin sateen määrä oli suurin 11.6., todettiin Alternaria-itiöitä runsaimmin sanottuna päivänä (kuva 3). päivinä oli vuorokauden keskilämpö huomattavan korkea Sanot- tuna aikana oli 14 sadepäivää, ja vuorokauden sademäärä kunakin sadepäivänä alle 5 mm. keywords: aikana; air; alternaria; että; fusarium; ilman; ilmassa; itiöiden; itiöitä; jolloin; klo; kpl; kuva; määrä; oli; sateen; sekä; sen; spore; trap; vain; venturia; vuorokauden cache: afs-71449.pdf plain text: afs-71449.txt item: #939 of 2310 id: afs-71450 author: Varo, Mikko; Vainikainen, Viljo title: Über die Bedeutung des Maximalergebnisses bei Beurteilung der Zugkraft des Pferdes date: 1958 words: 1485 flesch: 50 summary: Der Zugwiderstand, der bei der ersten Stufe bei einem vierjährigen Pferd 25 % des Lebendgewichtes ausmacht, steigt nach jeder Stufe um fünf Prozent des Lebendgewichtes, und als endgültiges Zugergebnis wird die Ordnungszahl der letzten einwandfrei gezogenen Stufe, die Stufenzahl, vermerkt. Die Abnahme der Stufen- https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=bpc5lodZsa6U15zH.P9fgzKphZ8Y8R6YTS1vPPg.5JCnilvBcfJlAaLkTZlut34u_nqY5h81vQtSy4HhmBWfgKSTISq9zvp7qAoi3RFxsX2iGZ2bCYZptFK3sfmwM6jjCwd2IDryXmHWQNZzI0pyW5Ll18vmlBiaTX2dM9E8Jwa-6_Uduwt_Pcgy6jYWiyvDQajFlBIA5SZ_wVWAm1ngnU6Ki5GzMIsqLQ8opw 173 zahlen scheint zwar später haltgemacht zu haben, aber in Anbetracht der starken Verminderung in der Anzahl der für das Stammbuch angebotenen Hengste scheint es offensichtlich, dass das Interesse, das höchste Zugergebnis zu erlangen, infolge der Änderung der besprochenen Vorschrift merklich abgenommen hat. keywords: als; bei; das; dass; den; der; des; die; für; ist; nach; und; von; zugkraft cache: afs-71450.pdf plain text: afs-71450.txt item: #940 of 2310 id: afs-71451 author: Ylänen, Mikko title: Pihatossa saatavan lannan ominaisuuksista date: 1958 words: 3879 flesch: 56 summary: Lisäksi on muodostettu vielä kaksi ryhmää, joista toiseen kuuluvat lantakerroksen pohja- osasta ja toiseen pintaosasta otetut näytteet. Ryjmät 111 ja IV tuor. keywords: aikana; der; des; die; edellä; eri; että; kalia; kertainen; kesän; kohdalla; kuiva; lannan; lannassa; mukaan; myös; noin; näytteet; oli; ovat; ryhmä; trsbst; typen; und cache: afs-71451.pdf plain text: afs-71451.txt item: #941 of 2310 id: afs-71452 author: Uotila, Irja title: Nautakarjan kivennäisaineiden syönnistä laitumella. I date: 1958 words: 3767 flesch: 67 summary: Kalsiumia söivät eläimet hiehoa kohti keskimäärin 23.2 g/p ja fosforia 10.8 g/p eli siis enemmän kuin lehmät (ks. koe II). Magnesia-seoksen sisältämässä magnesiumkarbonaattilisässä sai- vat lehmät eläintä kohti 0.23 g/p ja luujauhoissa 0.31 g/p magnesiumia. keywords: aikana; animal; cows; day; eläintä; fodder; keskimäärin; kohti; kokeessa; kuin; lehmät; mixture; oli; ruokasuolaa; salt; söivät; test cache: afs-71452.pdf plain text: afs-71452.txt item: #942 of 2310 id: afs-71453 author: Editor, Editor title: Abstracts of papers concerning horticulture, plant pathology and pest investigations of annual meeting of the agricultural research centre in 1958 date: 1958 words: 7162 flesch: 64 summary: The substances used in control experiments were the same as those used in the control experiments of cabbage and turnips root flies. ln variety experiments during last sum- mer no results were received because of the slightness of damages. keywords: cent; cereals; control; depart; effect; experiments; parathion; plants; preparations; results; seed; tikkurila; variety; winter; yield cache: afs-71453.pdf plain text: afs-71453.txt item: #943 of 2310 id: afs-71454 author: Kaila, Armi title: Effect of various kinds of phosphorus fertilizers on a peat soil date: 1958 words: 4240 flesch: 63 summary: 2P rock = 260 kg/ha of ground rock phosphate Basic slag which in 1948 was replaced by rock phosphate was applied in amounts containing citric acid soluble P 20 5 as much as the corresponding amount of super- phosphate contained ammonium citrate soluble P.,0 5, or 20 and 40 kg/ha, respect- ively. The uptake of rock phosphate phosphorus was relatively lower from the higher applications. keywords: hay; phosphate; phosphorus; plots; rock; rock phosphate; samples; superphosphate cache: afs-71454.pdf plain text: afs-71454.txt item: #944 of 2310 id: afs-71455 author: Kivinen, Erkki; Kaila, Armi title: Peat as a source of nitrogen for plants in pot culture date: 1958 words: 4333 flesch: 67 summary: An objective of this paper will also be the consideration of the correspondence of the results of incubation experiments and the actual uptake of peat nitrogen by plants. Owing to the air-drying and grinding of the samples, probably a marked mine- ralization of peat nitrogen has already occurred in most of them (cf. 5). keywords: mineral; mineral nitrogen; nitrogen; peat; peat nitrogen; peat samples; pot; samples cache: afs-71455.pdf plain text: afs-71455.txt item: #945 of 2310 id: afs-71456 author: Seppälä, Niilo title: Salaojien ruostetukkeutumien torjumisesta vesilukkoja käyttämällä date: 1958 words: 3398 flesch: 64 summary: Mainitut vedet tulisi sen vuoksi johtaa omaa salaojajohtoaan myöten joko omaan laskuaukkoonsa tai vasta ojaston laskuaukon ja sen yläpuolella olevan vesilukon välillä yhteiseen lasku- aukkoon. Sakan yleinen väri oli selvästi harmaampi kuin ennen koetta avatuissa ojissa 4 ja 5. keywords: drain; ennen; että; ilman; jälkeen; kuin; laskuaukon; laskuaukosta; mg/1; myös; ojassa; ojasto; oli; ollut; outlet; ovat; rust; sakan; sediment; sen; sitä; traps; veden; voidaan; vuoksi; water cache: afs-71456.pdf plain text: afs-71456.txt item: #946 of 2310 id: afs-71457 author: Mäkelä, Aarne title: Juomaveden merkityksestä varttuneitten vasikoitten ja nuorten hiehojen ruokinnassa date: 1958 words: 2898 flesch: 66 summary: p. 198; 12, p. 748; 15, p. 41) mainitsevat kokeista, joitten mukaan heinän ja väkirehun ja samalla myös kuiva-aineen syönti suurenee, jos vasikat maidon lisäksi saavat vettä, vaikka ruokinnassa käytettäisiin runsaasti kuorittua maitoa. Keväällä 1951 suoritettiin viidellä eri ikäisellä vasikalla alustava koe, missä juomamäärää, johon kuului kuorittua maitoa ja vettä, lisättiin vain vähäisissä mää- rin lähtökohtana tilalla aikaisemmin käytännössä ollut verraten vähäinen juoma- määrä. keywords: eri; hiehojen; koejaksoina; kohti; kuin; kuiva; maitoa; myös; oli; olivat; saivat; vapaasti; vasikoitten; veden; vesimäärä; vettä; water cache: afs-71457.pdf plain text: afs-71457.txt item: #947 of 2310 id: afs-71458 author: Jamalainen, E. A. title: Experiments on the use of some chloronitrobenzene and organic mercury compounds for the control of low-temperature parasitic fungi on winter cereals date: 1958 words: 5100 flesch: 69 summary: In tests with winter rye varieties at the North Savo Experiment Station, differences with regard to the amount of Fusarium mould were found between the different varieties and also between the check plots and the plots treated with PCNB (Table 3). Check 60 20 1260 100 PMS, Mercadmine, 4.7 kg/ha, spray 0 0 2360 187 PMS, Merculine, 4.7 kg/ha, spray 0 0 2780 220 PCNB, Avicol, 25 kg/ha, dust 5 + 2040 1625 F-value = 70.065***, m % = 2.79, significant difference = 356 kg 11l Rekola, observation plots on mould soil, Pekka rye variety, plots 14.5 sq.m., one replicate, sown Sept. 5, treatment with PCNB preparation Botrilex 25 kg/ha used at each dusting. keywords: experiments; fungi; fusarium; mould; pcnb; pma; rye; seed; treatment; winter cache: afs-71458.pdf plain text: afs-71458.txt item: #948 of 2310 id: afs-71459 author: Varis, Anna-Liisa title: On the importance of the sowing time of crucifers in preventing the damage caused by cabbage maggots (Hylemyia spp), on the basis of tests made on big-leafed turnip date: 1958 words: 2862 flesch: 76 summary: Some differences have occuiTed regarding the damage in different sowing times, but in South-Finland these have varied in different years. When the severity of the damage caused by the cabbage maggots is examined at the dates of examination approximately corresponding to the dates presented above, the following table is obtained: Date of Date of Percentage Average of sowing harvesting of damage damage 15. 5 17. 8. keywords: cabbage; damage; sowing; time; yields cache: afs-71459.pdf plain text: afs-71459.txt item: #949 of 2310 id: afs-71460 author: Kurki, Lea title: Gibberellihapon vaikutuksesta eräisiin puutarhakasveihin date: 1958 words: 1607 flesch: 51 summary: Wittwerui ja BuKOVAcin (17) kokeissa saatiin tutki- tuista parsakaali-lajikkeista markkinoitavaa satoa 10—15 päivää normaalia aikai- semmin, kun niitä oli viikottain käsitelty gibberellihapolla niin monta kertaa, että kukin kasviyksilö sie- mensadon tuleentumisen ja sadon aikaisuuden kannalta jopa ratkaiseva merkitys. keywords: acid; että; freesia; gibberellihapon; oli; plants cache: afs-71460.pdf plain text: afs-71460.txt item: #950 of 2310 id: afs-71461 author: Varis, Anna-Liisa title: On the susceptibility of the different varieties of big-leafed turnip to damage caused by cabbage maggots (Hylemyia spp.) date: 1958 words: 2049 flesch: 71 summary: The damage varied considerably in different varieties during different years. The abundance and severity of damage varies in different years, as well as in different species and varieties. keywords: average; damage; round; turnip; varieties; years cache: afs-71461.pdf plain text: afs-71461.txt item: #951 of 2310 id: afs-71462 author: Mäkelä, Aarne title: Viikin opetus- ja koetilalla noudatettu lehmävasikoitten ruokintajärjestelmä date: 1958 words: 6562 flesch: 66 summary: Edelleen näytti siltä kuin vasikoitten ja hiehojen runsas ruokinta saattaisi johtaa hedelmällisyyden heikkenemiseen. Ainoastaan kolmelta vasikalta tunnetaan heinän kulutus yhden kuukauden iässä ja oli kullakin vasikallanoin 100 gramman suuruus- luokkaa. keywords: age; calves; että; heiniä; heinän; ikään; iässä; jälkeen; keskimäärin; kg ja; koetilalla; kohti; koska; kuin; kuiva; kun; kuorittua; kuuden; kuukauden; lisäksi; maidon; maitoa; mennessä; milk; months; mukaan; myös; noin; oli; ovat; paino; saivat; sekä; standardiruokinnalla; täysimaitoa; vapaasti; vasikat; vasikoilla; vasikoitten; viikon; vuoden; väkirehua cache: afs-71462.pdf plain text: afs-71462.txt item: #952 of 2310 id: afs-71463 author: Valle, Otto title: Experiences with Canadian Altaswede and Swedish commercial red clover in Finland date: 1958 words: 2440 flesch: 68 summary: Averagewinter winter year year year year 1955 .. origin Ist 2nd Ist 2nd Ist 2ndplanting Averagewinter winter year year year year Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Plant Husbandry, Tikkurila, latit, 60°18' 1952 keywords: altaswede; clover; commercial; red; tammisto; year cache: afs-71463.pdf plain text: afs-71463.txt item: #953 of 2310 id: afs-71464 author: Aura, Klaus title: Ryvässipulin (Allium cepa L. v. Solaninum alef.) idätyksen vaikutuksesta kukintojen kehittymiseen ja sipulin versomiseen varastossa date: 1958 words: 2104 flesch: 64 summary: Onion germination experiment 15. Left ungerminated onions. keywords: days; flower; germination; oli; onions; sipulin; stalks; storage; week cache: afs-71464.pdf plain text: afs-71464.txt item: #954 of 2310 id: afs-71465 author: Vuorinen, Jouko title: On the amounts of minor elements in Finnish soils date: 1958 words: 1982 flesch: 69 summary: ON THE AMOUNTS OF MINOR ELEMENTS IN FINNISH SOILS Jouko Vuorinen Agricultural Research Centre Department of Soil Science, Helsinki Received December 12, 1957 In agricultural development one of the most certain increasers of productivity is the intensifying of fertilization. A long »robbery» cultivation towards minor elements is a fact in agriculture nowa- days. keywords: amounts; clay; elements; peat; soils cache: afs-71465.pdf plain text: afs-71465.txt item: #955 of 2310 id: afs-71466 author: Vuorinen, Jouko title: Syväkastelun ja olkikatteen vaikutuksesta maaveden jännitykseen aitosaven pohjamaassa date: 1958 words: 1528 flesch: 59 summary: ja saavutti vas- taavasti myöhemmin (17.7.) Sen vuoksi olisi meillä varottava keväällä maan liiallista kuivumista ja suojeltava ja lisättävä maan kos- keywords: että; fig; maan; maaveden; moisture; noin; oli; pohjamaan; sen; soil; vain cache: afs-71466.pdf plain text: afs-71466.txt item: #956 of 2310 id: afs-71467 author: Vuorinen, Jouko title: Omenapuun juuristosta date: 1958 words: 3855 flesch: 67 summary: Puun ikä 4 vuotta, latvuksen halkaisija 1.2 m ja puun korkeus 2.2 m sekä rungon halkaisia y, metrin korkeudessa 36 mm. Maalaji on hyvin jäykkä aitosavi ja puun ikä noin 18 vuotta. keywords: fig; halkaisija; hyvin; juuret; juuristo; juurten; kuin; latvuksen; melko; metrin; mutta; oli; piirr; piirros; puun; root; rungon; rungosta; soil; system; trees; ulottuu; vain cache: afs-71467.pdf plain text: afs-71467.txt item: #957 of 2310 id: afs-71468 author: Valle, Otto title: Jonni Otto Sauli date: 1958 words: 2528 flesch: 58 summary: Die meisten der von ihm entwickelten Zuchtsorten fanden Eingang in die Praxis in den ersten Jahr- zehnten der Selbständigkeit Finnlands, in einer Zeit, als in der sich intensivierenden Pflanzenerzeugung Finnlands des Landsortenmaterial namentlich in den mittleren und nördlichen Teilen des Landes schnell durch veredelte Sorten zu ersetzen war Einige dieser von Sauli entwickelten Zuchtsorten von Tammisto haben auch heute noch nicht ihre Bedeutung verloren. Sauli war als Persönlichkeit rücksichtsvoll und angenehm. keywords: als; auch; auf; aus; den; der; des; die; eine; finnischen; finnland; für; jahre; mit; sauli; sich; tammisto; und; von; war; wurde cache: afs-71468.pdf plain text: afs-71468.txt item: #958 of 2310 id: afs-71469 author: Saarinen, P.; Syrjänen, E.; Hyvärinen, Vuokko title: Kokeita automaattiruokinnan järjestämiseksi meijerisikalassa. II date: 1958 words: 1932 flesch: 52 summary: Tämän jälkeen alkoi kuivaheraryhmä jäädä huomattavasti jälkeen, ja se oli teuraskuntoinen vasta 4 viikkoa myöhemmin kuin muut ryhmät. points increasek kS % 1 2 3 kesk,rn ' in carcassAvera*e weight. keywords: consumption; että; feed; group; hera; increase; kokeen; kuin; oli; perusrehu; ryhmä; weight; whey; ynnä cache: afs-71469.pdf plain text: afs-71469.txt item: #959 of 2310 id: afs-71470 author: Saarinen, Pellervo title: “Cholesterogenic" dietary factors and milk and milk fat yields in dairy cows date: 1959 words: 5164 flesch: 74 summary: r 13;245 =-0.0345 r 14;235 r12;34g ==-0.0062 r 13;24g =+0.0124 r 14;236 r12;356 24 =-0.1002 rIKM =+0.1285 +0.1921 r 1&;M =-0.4486 r 16;25 =+0.4528 +0.2128 rl5!84 =-0.1755 r l6. keywords: crude; dig; fat; fat intake; intake; level; milk; protein; results; trials; weight; yield cache: afs-71470.pdf plain text: afs-71470.txt item: #960 of 2310 id: afs-71471 author: Kivi, Erkki I. title: Notes on the incidence of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici) at Tammisto in the summer of 1958 date: 1959 words: 1449 flesch: 65 summary: The resistance of different spring wheat varieties to wheat stem rust at Tammisto in the summer of 1958. It seems that the 1958 occurrence of wheat stem rust must be attributed chiefly to the lateness of growth. keywords: rust; stem; varieties; wheat cache: afs-71471.pdf plain text: afs-71471.txt item: #961 of 2310 id: afs-71472 author: Gyllenberg, Helge; Niemelä, Seppo title: A selective method for the demonstration of bifid bacteria (Lactobacillus bifidus) in materials tested for faecal contamination date: 1959 words: 1511 flesch: 55 summary: The significance of type Bt in foods and water is still to be assessed accurately, but for the present it can be concluded that the method described here is highly selective for type B x which is a typical intestinal organism, though hitherto not proved as occurring regularly in other environments. The subtype occurring regularly in the faeces of human adults is referred to as type B 1 in tables 1 and 2, and it seems most convenient, therefore, to select this subtype as an indicator in the demonstration of faecal contamination in foods and/or water samples on the basis of the occurrence of bifid bacteria. keywords: method; type; water cache: afs-71472.pdf plain text: afs-71472.txt item: #962 of 2310 id: afs-71473 author: Säkö, Jaakko title: Sahajauhopeitteen käytöstä omenapuuperusrunkojen suvuttomassa lisäyksessä date: 1959 words: 1528 flesch: 63 summary: Juurien määrä ja mittaustulokset hyvin ja keskinkertaisesti juurtuneista Malus robusta N:o 5-vesoista sahajauho- ja multapeitettä käyttäen Tabel 2. ja multapeitteessä kasvaneiden Malus robusta N:o 5-vesojen juurien paino Table 3. keywords: cover; hyvin; juurien; kuin; malus; robusta; sawdust; sekä; shoots; soil; vesoja; vesojen cache: afs-71473.pdf plain text: afs-71473.txt item: #963 of 2310 id: afs-71474 author: Puustjärvi, Viljo title: On the cation uptake mechanism of Sphagnum mosses date: 1959 words: 7327 flesch: 63 summary: It can be seen that the strength and exchange capacity of the acidoids has gone down slightly under the effect of drying and that the differences have increased with an increasing pH. On the other hand the mutual relations of the moss and peat samples did not undergo any noteworthy changes due to the drying of the samples. Results For the determination of the base equilibrium of mosses and their substrates, about 60 pairs of moss and peat samples were investigated. keywords: base; difference; growth; hydrogen; ions; moss; mosses; peat; potential; titration cache: afs-71474.pdf plain text: afs-71474.txt item: #964 of 2310 id: afs-71475 author: Kaila, Armi title: Effect on a peat soil of application of superphosphate at various rates date: 1959 words: 4737 flesch: 63 summary: A comparison of these figures with the phosphorus content of the hay yield harvested in 1957 indicates that either the phosphorus uptake of the crop plants has been lower in the previous years, or the plants have been compelled to resort to soil phosphorus in a considerable degree. Soil samples were collected in September 1956 from the ploughing layers of all the plots. keywords: hay; phosphorus; plots; potassium; samples; soil; superphosphate cache: afs-71475.pdf plain text: afs-71475.txt item: #965 of 2310 id: afs-71476 author: Hårdh, J. E. title: Pensasmustikan viljelyä haittaavista tekijöistä Suomessa date: 1959 words: 2504 flesch: 50 summary: poistettiin muovi, ja tällöin oli Piikkiön sieni- isolaatilla inokuloiduista versoista kolmessa tyypilliset sinertävät laikut, Kanadasta saadulla sieni-isolaatilla inokuloiduista niinikään kolmessa, kun taas kontrolliver- soissa oli haava umpeutunut eikä laikkua ollut niissä havaittavissa. Puutarhantutkimuslaitoksella suoritettiin v. 1958 lukui- sia eristyksiä sairaista lehdistä, ja tällöin saatiin puhdas viljelyinä Botrytis cinerean kaltaista sientä. keywords: 1958; blueberry; cassandrae; että; fig; fusicoccum; godronia; june; kuva; myös; ole; oli; ovat; pensasmustikan; piikkiössä; putrefaciens; rancocas; runsaasti; sekä; sen; tai cache: afs-71476.pdf plain text: afs-71476.txt item: #966 of 2310 id: afs-71477 author: Haaranen, S. title: Aureomycin (Clortetracycline) feeding test on calves and heifers suffering from indigestion date: 1959 words: 1840 flesch: 61 summary: Aureomycin test on heifers, with indigestion. AUREOMYCIN {CLORTETRACYCLINE) FEEDING TEST ON CALVES AND HEIFERS SUFFERING FROM INDIGESTION S. Haaranen Institute of Pharmacology , Veterinary College, Helsinki Recevied January 21, 1959 A small addition of certain antibioties to the daily feed often produces a notable improvement in the condition of the test animal. keywords: control; group; heifers; test cache: afs-71477.pdf plain text: afs-71477.txt item: #967 of 2310 id: afs-71478 author: Uotila, Irja title: Nautakarjan kivennäisaineiden syönnistä laitumella. II date: 1959 words: 5513 flesch: 68 summary: V. 1958 suoritetuissa kokeissa ne saivat kokeessa I 74 % Na-sta Na-fosfaa- tista ja kokeessa II 42 %. Seos I sisälsi pääosalta dikalsiumfosfaattia ja kalsiumkarbonaattia ja seos II dikal- siumfosfaattia ja ruokasuolaa. keywords: cows; eläintä; kohti; kokeessa; kuin; lehmien; lehmät; määrä; oli; phosphate; ruokasuolaa; söivät; test cache: afs-71478.pdf plain text: afs-71478.txt item: #968 of 2310 id: afs-71479 author: Linko, Reino R.; Nikkilä, Olavi E. title: Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs. III Hexamethylenetetramine as mold inhibitor and the antagonistic action of amino acids date: 1959 words: 3904 flesch: 46 summary: The work described below relates to the antagonistic action of amino acids and some other compounds on the inhibition of mold growth by hexamethylene- tetramine. The variation of the respiration ofP.viridatum with increasing cysteine concentration in the presence (curve II) and absence (curve I) of hexamethylenetetramine. keywords: acid; concentration; cysteine; effect; growth; hexamethylenetetramine; medium; respiration; tryptophan cache: afs-71479.pdf plain text: afs-71479.txt item: #969 of 2310 id: afs-71480 author: Paloheimo, L.; Jahkola, Berit title: Digestibility of brewers’ grains by swine date: 1959 words: 2161 flesch: 63 summary: For safety’s sake the samples of faeces for digestibility determinations were taken as late as on the 6th and 7th days. In our experiments the samples were taken in the morning on two consecutive days, and each of these samples was used separately for digestibility determinations. keywords: brewers; digestibility; grains; matter; substances; table cache: afs-71480.pdf plain text: afs-71480.txt item: #970 of 2310 id: afs-71481 author: Ring, Orvo title: Syysvehnän valkuaispitoisuudesta date: 1959 words: 2933 flesch: 77 summary: Jo yleissilmäys * Kasvinviljelyslaitoksen kertomukset v. 1955 ja 1957. Päätelmät Saman vehnälajikkeen eri yksilöiden ja samankin yksilön eri tähkien sekä eri tähkän osista kasvaneiden jyvien valkuaispitoisuudet ja painot vaihtelevat hyvin paljon. keywords: der; des; die; eri; että; ist; jyvien; kpl; körner; oli; sorte; tabelle; tähkän; und; valkuaispitoisuus; varma; vehnän cache: afs-71481.pdf plain text: afs-71481.txt item: #971 of 2310 id: afs-71482 author: Ikäheimo, Katri title: Ophiobolus graminis sacc. todettu maassamme kevätvehnässä date: 1959 words: 931 flesch: 59 summary: Studies on Ophiobolus graminis Sacc. and the take-all disease of wheat. Table on p. 182), a province in South Finland, the presence of Ophiobolus graminis Sacc. has been determined. keywords: graminis; oli; olivat; ophiobolus; sacc; spring; wheat cache: afs-71482.pdf plain text: afs-71482.txt item: #972 of 2310 id: afs-71483 author: Säkö, Jaakko title: Urearuiskutusten vaikutus omenapuun lehtien typpipitoisuuteen date: 1959 words: 1845 flesch: 56 summary: Runsassateisen loppukesän aikana kontrollipuiden lehtien typpipitoisuus kohosi ja oli syyskuun puolivälissä selvästi suurempi kuin kesä- omenapuiden lehtien typpi- ja samalla niiden kloro- fyllipitoisuus saada suuremmaksi kuin siinä tapauksessa, että sama typpimäärä annetaan maahan. keywords: apple; että; kuin; leaves; lehdissä; lehtien; nitrogen; oli; omenapuiden; puiden; sprays; trees; urea cache: afs-71483.pdf plain text: afs-71483.txt item: #973 of 2310 id: afs-71484 author: Säkö, Jaakko title: Omenien varastoimisesta alhaisessa lämpötilassa date: 1959 words: 2236 flesch: 66 summary: Niissä todettiin, ettei varaston lämpötilan pitäminen +s° C:ssa aikaansaanut omenien säilymisessä selvää paran- nusta verrattuna tavalliseen tuuletusvarastoon varastoituihin omeniin. Seuraavassa selvitetään muutamien Suomessa viljeltyjen omenalajikkeiden varastointia alle 0° C:n lämpötilassa. keywords: apples; kaneli; kuin; lämpötilan; lämpötilassa; mallon; oli; omenat; omenien; omenissa; sen; storage; varaston cache: afs-71484.pdf plain text: afs-71484.txt item: #974 of 2310 id: afs-71485 author: Pohjakallio, Onni; Halkilahti, Anna Marja; Antila, Simo title: On the effects of the club root fungus (Plasmodiophora brassicae woron) and winter frost on the overwintering of winter turnip rape date: 1959 words: 2725 flesch: 73 summary: In two of the experiments the ratio of club root diseased plants was studied in the autumn (Table 1); the number of plants examined was 2770 in 1950 and 1735 in 1952. According to Haavisto (3, 4), Valle (11), Breitenstein (2), Jamalainen (6, 7), and Pohjakallio & Salonen (10) the overwintering of winter turnip rape in Finland is threatenedby low temperaturefungi, winter frost, soil frost, ice scorch and surface water; in addition, the larvae of the cabbage root fly ( Hylemyia brassicae) can reduce its winterhardiness. keywords: overwintering; plants; rape; root; tap; turnip; winter cache: afs-71485.pdf plain text: afs-71485.txt item: #975 of 2310 id: afs-71486 author: Pessi, Yrjö; Takala, Mauri title: Some results of measurements at the Leteensuo experimental station relating to the temperatures of air and soil and to the humidity of air in the summer of 1958 date: 1959 words: 1777 flesch: 53 summary: At the Experimental Station of Leteensuo it was found that no sprouting in ear occurred on cultivated bog areas, whereas its occurrence was considerable on mineral soil. According to his in- vestigations, the mean air temperature during the growing period in a thermometer hut at 1.6 m height was largely the same over clay soil and bog soil, and the same applied to an observation height of 0.5 m. The minimum temperatures, on the other hand, were 1.3° C lower over cultivated bog areas than over mineral soil (3, p. 11). keywords: bog; mean; mineral; soil; temperature; thermometers cache: afs-71486.pdf plain text: afs-71486.txt item: #976 of 2310 id: afs-71487 author: Paloheimo, L.; Jahkola, Berit title: Digestibility of soybean oil and rape oil by swine date: 1959 words: 1208 flesch: 60 summary: The digestibility of rape oil appeared to be very slightly inferior to that of soybean oil. Discussion In some rodents the digestibility of rape oil seems to be exceptionally low. keywords: day; digestibility; oil; pig; rape cache: afs-71487.pdf plain text: afs-71487.txt item: #977 of 2310 id: afs-71488 author: Kaila, Armi title: Retention of phosphate by peat samples date: 1959 words: 4724 flesch: 66 summary: Among the few works concerning peat soils the papers by Doughty (1, 2) and Kasakow (6) may be mentioned. Obviously, the retention of phosphate by peat soils may be connected with several factors. keywords: aluminum; iron; peat; phosphate; samples; soils cache: afs-71488.pdf plain text: afs-71488.txt item: #978 of 2310 id: afs-71489 author: Editor, Editor title: Abstracts of papers concerning horticulture, plant pathology and pest investigations at the annual meeting of the agricultural research centre in 1959 date: 1959 words: 2752 flesch: 63 summary: The flower buds developed as rapidly on untreated as on treated plants. As a result of the physiological dryness, the conductivity of plant sap and the malonic acid content of the fruits increase. keywords: conductivity; leaves; plants; rot; varieties; variety; yield cache: afs-71489.pdf plain text: afs-71489.txt item: #979 of 2310 id: afs-71490 author: Sillanpää, Mikko title: The influence of the initial soil moisture content on the degree of water stable aggregation as determined by wet sieving date: 1959 words: 2642 flesch: 58 summary: Air-drying, no doubt, gives a more uniform initial moisture content of soil samples prior to the aggregate analysis even though it may decrease the amount of larger aggregates in favor of smaller ones (1, 3,8, 13). The results of several other investigators concerning the seasonal variation support those achieved by Alderfer when analyzing soil samples at equal initial moisture content (2, 4,5, 6,7). keywords: aggregate; air; content; field; moisture; results; samples; soil; wetting cache: afs-71490.pdf plain text: afs-71490.txt item: #980 of 2310 id: afs-71491 author: Markkula, Martti; Valle, Otto title: Puna-apilan siementuholaisten esiintyminen ja runsaus Suomessa v. 1936 date: 1959 words: 2092 flesch: 60 summary: Puna-apilan siementuholaisten levinneisyys, runsaus ja tuhoisuus Suomessa sekä tuhojen torjunta. Kesällä 1958 Tuho- cläintutkimuslaitokselle hankitussa puna-apilan mykerönäyteaineistossa oli erit- täin runsaasti apilan siemensääsken toukkia, ja ne olivat näytteiden sisältämistä Kuva 3. keywords: apilan; apilanirpun; apion; apricans; assimile; clover; että; kuva; lajin; oli; puna; runsaus cache: afs-71491.pdf plain text: afs-71491.txt item: #981 of 2310 id: afs-71492 author: Uotila, Irja title: Herne ja virna lypsylehmien rehuna date: 1959 words: 3893 flesch: 65 summary: Seosviljelyssä (tavallisesti kauran kanssa) lakoutumisen vaara on pienempi, ja herne- ja virna tuleentuvat niissä aikaisemmin, joten niitä voidaan viljellä nykyistä pohjoisempana. Onpa todettu, että seosviljelyksessä tuleentuminen tapahtuu nopeammin, joten se tekee mahdolliseksi herneen ja virnan viljelyn satoja kilometrejä niiden nykyisiä viljelyrajoja pohjoisempana. keywords: crude; että; fat; fodder; group; herneen; hernettä; meal; milk; niiden; oli; pea; period; protein; rehujen; ryhmä; table; tai; test; vetch; virnaa; väkirehujen cache: afs-71492.pdf plain text: afs-71492.txt item: #982 of 2310 id: afs-71493 author: Pessi, Yrjö; Takala, Mauri title: The significance of nitrogen mobilization with respect to the development of barley date: 1959 words: 1212 flesch: 50 summary: Taulukossa 1 esitetään ohran eri kehitysvaiheet sekä taulukossa 2 ilman ja maan lämpötila. Selostus; Eräitä ilman ja maan lämpötilaa sekä ilman kosteutta koeskevia mittaustuloksia Leteensuon koeasemalta kesällä 1958. keywords: development; fen; nitrogen; period; soil; temperature cache: afs-71493.pdf plain text: afs-71493.txt item: #983 of 2310 id: afs-71494 author: Paloheimo, L.; Roine, Paavo; Uksila, Erkki; Sirenius, Ritva; Sauri, Helle; Unkila, Hilkka title: A comparative investigation on the use of rapeseed oil and soybean oil in the feeding of swine date: 1959 words: 2891 flesch: 63 summary: feeding Group Drinking Total Total Drinking Total Total water water water per water water water per F. U. F. U. R 3.82 6.21 3.20 4.55 8.36 2.63 S 3.07 5.55 2.78 4.21 8.80 2.31 Table 7. The weight of the animals in group R varied from 22.4—34.8 kg the average being 27.8 kg. keywords: animals; consumption; experiment; feeding; group; oil; water cache: afs-71494.pdf plain text: afs-71494.txt item: #984 of 2310 id: afs-71495 author: Kaila, Armi title: Effect of superphosphate on the retention of phosphorus by peat soil date: 1959 words: 3642 flesch: 58 summary: In the present paper this problem is treated on the basis of results obtained from the analyses of soil samples originating from a field trial on peat soil to which superphosphate has been continuously applied at different rates for 34 years. According to Teräs- vuori, it represents the sesquioxide-bound inorganic phosphorus on which in acid soils the maintaining of the phosphorus concentration in soil solution largely depends. keywords: aluminum; content; iron; peat; phosphate; samples; soil; solution cache: afs-71495.pdf plain text: afs-71495.txt item: #985 of 2310 id: afs-71496 author: Kivekäs, Jaakko; Kivinen, Erkki title: Observations on the mobilization of peat nitrogen in incubation experiments date: 1959 words: 6612 flesch: 60 summary: The effect of incubation on the pH Hao of peat samples No before 1 month of 3 months of incubation incubation incubation unlim- lim- unlim- limed ed ed ed Samples of BCp 9 4.9 5.8 6.7 4.9 5.6 1 5.5 4.9 6.6 4.6 6.4 10 5.2 5.7 6.4 6.1 6.8 2 5.2 5.3 6.1 4.8 5.7 3 5.3 5.8 6.4 4.8 5.3 11 5.0 5.6 6.0 5.4 6.2 average 5.2 5.5 6.4 5.1 6.0 L.S.D. 95% 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 Samples of Cp 29 4.6 5.1 5.9 4.8 5.5 44 4.5 5.0 5.2 5.9 6.1 13 4.9 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.9 14 5.1 5.6 6.4 6.0 6.3 25 4.6 5.3 5.8 4.3 4.2 26 4.2 4.8 5.5 4.9 5.2 40 5.8 6.0 6.4 5.1 5.6 43 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.9 6.2 45 4.9 5.2 5.6 5.9 6.1 46 4.1 4.4 5.0 4.9 5.1 51 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.1 4.7 52 4.4 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.6 36 4.9 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.4 55 4.8 5.6 5.9 4.2 5.0 56 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.0 41 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.6 5.2 20 5.4 4.8 5.4 5.7 5.9 4 5.2 5.6 6.1 4.4 4.9 19 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.0 60 4.9 5.5 5.8 5.3 4.9 average 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.2 5.4 L.S.D. 95% 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 Samples of SCp 28 4.6 5.1 5.9 4.8 5.5 12 4.4 5.0 6.2 5.1 5.7 35 4.4 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.4 18 5.5 4.2 5.0 4.4 5.6 24 5.1 5.9 6.3 4.8 5.0 59 5.3 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.3 average 4.9 5.2 5.8 5.1 5.6 L.S.D. 95% 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.1 No before 1 month of 3 months of incubation incubation incubation unlim- limed unlim- limed ed ed Samples of EuSCp 57 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.2 5.7 53 5.3 5.7 6.2 5.2 5.6 47 5.9 6.0 6.6 5.5 6.2 48 5.9 5.8 6.4 5.7 6.2 5 5.4 5.4 6.0 5.0 5.7 average 5.6 5.7 6.2 5.3 5.9 L.S.D. 95% 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Samples of LSC-and LCp 27 4.4 4.9 5.4 4.7 4.7 23 5.0 5.7 6.4 4.1 4.0 30 4.8 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.2 average 4.7 5.2 5.8 4.7 4.6 L.S.D. 95 % 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 Samples of CSp 15 4.4 4.7 5.2 5.5 5.0 16 4.3 4.5 5.1 5.0 4.4 17 4.4 4.5 5.2 4.9 4.7 38 4.6 4.8 5.4 4.3 5.2 49 4.5 4.8 5.5 5.1 4.7 50 4.3 4.4 5.3 5.0 4.8 53 4.6 5.2 4.7 4.4 4.7 54 4.6 5.2 5.6 5.0 5.0 39 4.6 4.8 5.3 4.3 4.7 8 4.6 5.0 5.8 5.8 6.2 33 4.5 4.7 5.5 4.8 5.4 42 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.3 4.8 average 4.4 4.7 5.2 4.9 5.0 L.S.D. 95 % 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Samples of Sp 6 4.5 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.4 21 4.3 4.7 5.6 4.0 4.1 31 4.2 4.2 5.3 4.7 5.3 32 4.4 4.0 5.8 4.7 5.2 34 4.2 4.5 5.7 4.9 5.5 37 4.5 5.0 5.8 4.7 5.5 7 4.6 4.7 5.5 5.6 4.6 22 4.3 4.7 5.6 4.0 4.1 average 4.5 4.6 5.5 4.7 5.0 L.S.D. 95% 0.l 0.1 0.2 0.2 273 ing to 4 tons per hectare. The effect of the incubation on the acidity of peat samples. keywords: ammonium nitrogen; incubation; nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen; peat; samples cache: afs-71496.pdf plain text: afs-71496.txt item: #986 of 2310 id: afs-71497 author: Jamalainen, E. A. title: Overwintering of Gramineae plants and parasitic fungi III. Isolations of Fusarium nivale from gramineous plants in Finland date: 1959 words: 1266 flesch: 80 summary: L. N. Tikkurila, Res. C. 25. 4. 48, 7. 5. 58: E. A. J. Ta. Jokioinen, Res. C., 4. 48: K. Multamäki. E. A. J. = E. A. Jamalainen. keywords: exp; fusarium; sta cache: afs-71497.pdf plain text: afs-71497.txt item: #987 of 2310 id: afs-71498 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: Mutasuon kalkituskokeiden tuloksia Leteensuolta date: 1959 words: 3325 flesch: 80 summary: Aikaisemmin ovat näitä tuloksia käsitelleet Tuorila (7) ja Vesikivi (9,10). Average annual grain yields. keywords: grain; jyviä; liming; oats; olkia; roots; straw; test; tops; yields cache: afs-71498.pdf plain text: afs-71498.txt item: #988 of 2310 id: afs-71499 author: Koivistoinen, Pekka; Roine, Paavo; Jokela, Kirsti title: Occurrence and disappearance of parathion and malathion residues in vegetables and fruits date: 1959 words: 3535 flesch: 62 summary: The half-life of malathion residues was I—21—2 days, i.e. slightly shorter than for parathion 299 this limit more rapidly than with parathion, requiring, at the longest, 4 days for black currant. keywords: alcohol; benzene; currant; days; jam; malathion; method; parathion; ppm; residues cache: afs-71499.pdf plain text: afs-71499.txt item: #989 of 2310 id: afs-71500 author: Mäkelä, Aarne title: Havaintoja ja laskelmia lehmävasikoitten sekä hiehojen kasvusta Viikin koetilan karjassa date: 1959 words: 4545 flesch: 64 summary: Sensijaan kaksi vasikkaa painoi 6 kuukauden iässä vain n. 130 kg, yhden vuoden iässä n. 200 kg ja 1 % vuoden iässä n. 250 kg. Tämän jälkeen sonnivasikoitten kasvu on nopeampi kuin lehmävasikoitten, ja kuuden kuukauden iässä eroavuutta lisäkasvussa on jo 10—20 kg (11, s. 353; 10, s. 282 ja s. 295). keywords: birth; calves; ensimmäisenä; että; ikään; iässä; keskimäärin; kilon; kuin; kuukauden; lehmävasikoitten; mukaan; oli; ovat; painon; sekä; standardipoikkeama; syntyessä; syntymäpainon; säkäkorkeuden; säkäkorkeus; vasikan; vasikoilla; vasikoitten; vuoden; weight; yhden cache: afs-71500.pdf plain text: afs-71500.txt item: #990 of 2310 id: afs-71501 author: Lampila, Martti; Poijärvi, Ilmari title: The formation of volatile fatty acids in the rumen contents of cows in vivo and in vitro date: 1959 words: 2866 flesch: 66 summary: It may also be of prac- tical value in the study of the factors affecting the fat content of the milk since the decrease of acetic acid content is mainly compensated by an increase of butyric acid. % O= 12 Upper part 12.757.84 61.51.67 13.12.58 20.20.45 3.5 Lower anterior part 8.02 5.00 62.3 1.12 14.0 1.48 18.5 0.25 3.1 3 Upper part 15.87 6.52 41.1 2.51 15.8 5.57 35.1 0.97 6.1 Lower anterior part 9.70 4.81 49.6 1.60 16.5 2.60 26.8 0.49 5.1 6 Upper part 15.29 7.69 50.3 1.90 12.4 4.56 29.8 0.92 6.0 Lower anterior part 10.49 5.65 53.9 1.32 12.6 2.81 26.8 0.50 4.8 9 Upper part 15.34 8.53 55.6 2.02 13.2 3.68 24.0 0.87 5.7 Lower anterior part 9.44 4.91 52.0 1.32 14.0 2.63 27.9 0.48 5.1 On this diet the contribution of butyric acid to the acid mixture was exception- ally high. keywords: acid; contents; diet; fatty; fluid; rumen cache: afs-71501.pdf plain text: afs-71501.txt item: #991 of 2310 id: afs-71502 author: Manner, Rolf title: Studies in F1 and F2 of crosses between winter and summer turnip rape date: 1959 words: 2197 flesch: 70 summary: The differences between the different groups of hybrids in the number of Fj-plants giving seed yields (Table 2) are in most cases significant, namely; Rapido X Mette Sprengel X Mettex* = 22.14xxx , Gruber X Mette Storrybs X Mette z 2 = 4.87 x , Rapido X Mette —Gruber X Mette x 2 = 27.87xxx , Rapido X Mette Storrybs X Mettez2 = 18.76xxx and Storrybs X Mette—Sprengel X Mette z 2 = 7.61 xx . About three-fourths of the F t plants of the cross Rapido X Mette, one half of Fj of the crosses Gruber X Mette and Sprengel X Mette, and only a small part of the crosses Storrybs X Mette gave seed yields. keywords: mette; plants; seed cache: afs-71502.pdf plain text: afs-71502.txt item: #992 of 2310 id: afs-71503 author: Jamalainen, E. A.; Haavisto, Matti title: Syysrypsin talvituhosienien torjuntakokeita käsittelemällä kasvustot fungisiideilla date: 1959 words: 2679 flesch: 68 summary: In the autumn of 1956 scores of PCNB treatment tests with winter turnip rape were made in different parts of the country, mostly in S-W Finland. Tests with winter turnip rape made jointly by Kasviöljy Oy and the Department of Plant Pathology in 1955— 56. keywords: fungi; kokeissa; käsittely; oli; pcnb; rape; temperature; tests; treatment; turnip; winter cache: afs-71503.pdf plain text: afs-71503.txt item: #993 of 2310 id: afs-71504 author: Paloheimo, L.; Vainio, K. A. title: On the use of ZnCl2 together with HCl in lignin determinations date: 1959 words: 1451 flesch: 63 summary: As for the behaviour of lignin in acid solutions which are used for decomposition of cell wall carbohydrates we refer to a treatise of Salo (1, p. 206). It appeared that water solutions of ZnCl2 as well as solutions of ZnCl2 in diluted HCI decomposed the paper very slowly. keywords: lignin; solution; use cache: afs-71504.pdf plain text: afs-71504.txt item: #994 of 2310 id: afs-71505 author: Raatikainen, Mikko; Tinnilä, Aulis title: Viljakaskaan (Calligypona pellucida f.) aiheuttaman kaurantuhon vaikutus kauran viljelyalaan ja satoihin Suomessa date: 1959 words: 6163 flesch: 66 summary: Syynä tällaiseen laskuun voivat olla kesän 1956 sekä seuraavan talven ja kevätkesän bioottiset ja abioottiset tekijät, mm. talven lumettomuus ja tulvat. Kaman sadut ja viljelyalat tuhoalueella ja sen läheisyydessä Viljakaskaan aiheuttaman kaurantuhon voimakkuudesta, yleistymisestä sekä sen viljelykasvialoihin aiheuttamista muutoksista saa tilastollista todistusaineistoa maataloustilastosta (16) sekä kirjanpitotilojen vuosikatsauksista. keywords: alueella; area; cereals; damage; farms; fig; kaurantuhon; kirjanpitotilojen; koko; kuin; kuva; mukaan; mvs; oats; oli; ovat; pellucida; plants; pohjanmaan; satakunnan; sekä; sen; societies; spring; suomen; svenska; table; taulukko; tuhoalueen; tuhon; vuosina; yields; österbottens cache: afs-71505.pdf plain text: afs-71505.txt item: #995 of 2310 id: afs-71506 author: Varo, Mikko title: Über die Möglichkeiten der Züchtungsarbeit in Laufställen date: 1959 words: 4213 flesch: 53 summary: so andersartigen Verhältnissen auf das Gedeihen 74 Tabelle 3. Die Varianz der Einzeltiere beim Warm- und La ufstali. Entwicklung der Durchschnittsleistungen der Herden beim Übergang zum Laufstall. keywords: als; alter; auch; aus; beim; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; fiir; gewesen; individuen; ist; laufstall; leistungen; mit; nicht; sich; sind; tiere; und; varianz; von; warmstall; worden; zum; zwischen cache: afs-71506.pdf plain text: afs-71506.txt item: #996 of 2310 id: afs-71507 author: Säkö, Jaakko title: Omenien putoamisen vähentämisestä ennen sadonkorjuuta ja sen aikana date: 1959 words: 3052 flesch: 63 summary: Mukana oli seitsemän omenapuulajiketta, nimittäin Bergius, Sävstaholm, Melba, Atlas, Wealthy, Äkerö ja Antonovka. Samalla verrattiin toisiinsa paine- ja sumuruiskun vaikutusta, jolloin sumuruiskulla annettu liuos oli 2,4,5-TP:n osalta neljä kertaa ja Tween 20:n osalta kaksi kertaa väkevämpää kuin paineruiskua käytettäessä. keywords: 2,4,5; acid; antonovka; apples; application; days; drop; ennen; että; harvest; kuin; käytettäessä; myös; omenien; ppm; sen; tween; vaikutus; varieties cache: afs-71507.pdf plain text: afs-71507.txt item: #997 of 2310 id: afs-71508 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: The effect of claying carried out in 1923 upon the thermal conditions in cultivated Sphagnum peat soil in the summer of 1959 date: 1960 words: 1418 flesch: 68 summary: The studies were carried out with the aid of a thermometer specially designed for the measuring of soil temperatures, which has been descriped in detail in a previous publication (10). The results have shown that the claying has caused differences of about I°C in soil temperature in summer as compared to unclayed soil. keywords: claying; o.ool; soil; temperature; test cache: afs-71508.pdf plain text: afs-71508.txt item: #998 of 2310 id: afs-71509 author: Heinonen, Reijo title: Das Volumgewicht als Kennzeichen der “normalen“ Bodenstruktur date: 1960 words: 1972 flesch: 60 summary: Dagegen ging das Volumgewicht der stark humosen Tonböden mit zunehmender Menge der wasserstabilen Krümel stark herab. Das Volumgewicht der weniger stark humosen Tonböden ( < 4 % org. C) stellte sich auch beim Untersuchen derselben als eigene Gruppe als Funktion der Zusammensetzung, ähnlich wie im gesamten, alle Bodenarten umfassenden Material, heraus. keywords: als; auch; auf; das; den; der; des; die; eine; ist; man; mit; sich; und; volumgewicht; von cache: afs-71509.pdf plain text: afs-71509.txt item: #999 of 2310 id: afs-71510 author: Paatela, Juhani; Heinrichs, Hannes title: Measuring of the nectar yield of red clover heads date: 1960 words: 3318 flesch: 65 summary: Swanson & Shuel (13) in their experiments on nectar yield used 465 gms centrifugal force and a centrifugation time of 6 minutes. The centrifuge method for measuring nectar yield. keywords: centrifugation; florets; glass; heads; method; nectar; nectar yield; sugar; tube cache: afs-71510.pdf plain text: afs-71510.txt item: #1000 of 2310 id: afs-71511 author: Juusela, Taneli title: Maatalousilmatieteellisestä tutkimustyöstä Kanadassa date: 1960 words: 1839 flesch: 46 summary: Merkinnät tarkoittavat: 1 = ilman sisääntuloaukko 2 = tuuletin moottoreineen 3 = ilman varasisääntuloaukko 4 = lämmityskaapelit 5 = ilman ulospääsyaukko ja sen venttiili 6 = loistevalaisinputkisto 100 101 6—lß. Tämän vuoksi tutkimustoiminta kohdistuu näillä alueilla ennen muuta maan vesitalouden järjestelymahdollisuuksien (7) ja tarpeettoman haihtumisen vähentämismahdollisuuksien selvittelyyn (kuva 3). keywords: aikana; canada; esim; että; ilman; jatkuvasti; jääkerros; kanadassa; kuva; maan; myös; oli; sekä; sen; varten cache: afs-71511.pdf plain text: afs-71511.txt item: #1001 of 2310 id: afs-71512 author: Teittinen, Pentti title: Apilan lajikekokeiden perustamisen tekniikasta date: 1960 words: 750 flesch: 52 summary: Tällöin ruutujen väliin ei jää tyhjää tilaa ja ne erottuvat kumminkin hyvin toisistaan. Välikasviksi sopii parhaiten pienikasvuinen ja vaatimaton, mutta kestävä heinäkasvi. keywords: apilan; kun; ruudut; ruutujen; ryegrass; toisistaan; väliin cache: afs-71512.pdf plain text: afs-71512.txt item: #1002 of 2310 id: afs-71513 author: Hänninen, Pentti; Kaila, Armi title: Field trials on the store dressing with rock phosphate date: 1960 words: 3843 flesch: 59 summary: Phosphorus uptake by the ley crop of trial KlOl in 1959 In order to get more information about the phosphorus nutrition of the ley plants in the variously treated plots, hay samples were collected from trial K 101 in 1959 and analyzed for phosphorus. No phosphate 2. 1000 kg/ha of hyperphosphate 3. 2000 kg/ha of hyperphosphate The nurse crop in trial K 100 was oats, in trial K 101 it was barley. keywords: dressing; effect; phosphorus; soil; store; superphosphate; trial k cache: afs-71513.pdf plain text: afs-71513.txt item: #1003 of 2310 id: afs-71514 author: Yllö, Leo title: Über den Zuckergehalt der Futterwurzelfrüchte date: 1960 words: 2618 flesch: 66 summary: Die Verlängerung der Wachs- tumszeit vermehrte die Ertragsmenge sehr beachtlich. Wie aus Obigen hervorgeht, enthielten die Rüben bedeutend mehr Zucker. keywords: auf; bei; blatt; den; der; die; rüben; turnips; und; von; war; waren; wurde; zuckergehalt cache: afs-71514.pdf plain text: afs-71514.txt item: #1004 of 2310 id: afs-71515 author: Heinonen, Reijo title: Density, amount, and carbon content of organic matter in soils – some methodical reflections date: 1960 words: 1051 flesch: 52 summary: The material consisted of 94 samples of varying texture and organic matter content but of uniform geological origin (glacial sediments). Summary The density of soil organic matter has been derived from an equation represent- ing the regression of soil density on the clay and organic matter contents. keywords: content; density; matter; soil cache: afs-71515.pdf plain text: afs-71515.txt item: #1005 of 2310 id: afs-71516 author: Hilli, Aarne title: Kevätviljojen itävyydestä kuivan kasvukauden jälkeen date: 1960 words: 2880 flesch: 64 summary: % kpl, % kpl. % kpl. keywords: angaben; der; die; että; gerste; itävyys; kaksitahoinen; kaksitahoisesta; kaura; kaurasta; kevätvehnä; kevätvehnästä; kpl; monitahoisesta; ohra; ohrasta; oli; proben; sekä cache: afs-71516.pdf plain text: afs-71516.txt item: #1006 of 2310 id: afs-71517 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: Fertilization of Sphagnum bogs, on the basis of certain field experiments at Leteensuo date: 1960 words: 4997 flesch: 72 summary: Increase .. ,yield yield yield yield Grain yield Straw yield Oats 0 650 1 680 1 000 2 900 350 1 220 PK 700 50 2 440 1 060 60 3 720 360 1 280 NPK 950 300 3 050 1 270 270 4 310 320 1 260 2NPK 1 120 470 3 670 1 460 460 4 940 340 1 270 3NPK 1 330 680 4 150 1 540 540 5 300 210 1 150 Significant differences: Artificial fertilization 41* 55** 75*** Stable manure 65* 88** 119*** Peas and oats 0 860 - 1 660 1 270 2 490 410 830 PK 1 680 820 3 250 1 780 60 3 740 100 490 NPK 1 880 1 020 3 930 2 060 790 3 990 180 60 2NPK 1 920 1 060 4 050 2 030 760 4 230 110 180 3NPK 2 150 1 290 4 500 2 110 840 4 540 -40 40 Significant differences: Artificial fertilization 159* 219** 301*** and Figs. 3 and 4; they, too, have been given separately for the period before and after 1949. Average hay crop yields, kg per hectare and year (17 years). keywords: crop; grain; hay; nitrogen; oats; year; yield cache: afs-71517.pdf plain text: afs-71517.txt item: #1007 of 2310 id: afs-71518 author: Ruokola, Anna-Liisa title: Über die durch Pilze verursachte welke an Clarkia date: 1960 words: 1065 flesch: 73 summary: Gesäubert 13 0 3 3.0 2.4 B. cinerea —*— B. cinerea 12 9 11 1.3 0.5 B. cinerea » F.poae 11 10 11 1.8 0.0 F.poae In dem von uns untersuchten Fall befielen sowohl B. cinerea als F. poae in Laboratoriumsversuchen, bei denen die Luft unter der Glasglocke feucht blieb, Stengel wie auch keywords: cinerea; clarkia; dem; der; die; pflanzen; und cache: afs-71518.pdf plain text: afs-71518.txt item: #1008 of 2310 id: afs-71519 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: The effect of claying upon the settling of the soil surface on cultivated Sphagnum bogs date: 1960 words: 1242 flesch: 57 summary: Test area This investigation was carried out in connection with a Sphagnum bog liming and claying test, the procedure and results of which have been described in detail in a previous publication (3). According to the results, the effect of the claying during this time has been the settling of the surface of the soil on an average 12.5 cm more than in unclayed bog. REFERENCES; (1) Gerhardt, P. 1924. keywords: bog; effect; peat; soil; surface; test cache: afs-71519.pdf plain text: afs-71519.txt item: #1009 of 2310 id: afs-71520 author: Mäkelä, Aarne title: On the ability of calves to digest hay date: 1960 words: 3539 flesch: 71 summary: The mean digestibility of hay dry matter was 64 per cent and that of cellulose 63 per cent. The share of the reticulo-rumen in the contents of the whole digestive tract varied from 70 to 75 per cent the percentages being of the same magnitude as in older calves and cows. keywords: calves; contents; crude; digestibility; experiment; hay; matter; months; rumen cache: afs-71520.pdf plain text: afs-71520.txt item: #1010 of 2310 id: afs-71521 author: Lampila, Martti title: The effect of silage prepared in different ways upon the ammonia content of the cow’s rumen ingesta date: 1960 words: 2782 flesch: 57 summary: As, moreover, the mean ammonia 173 concentrations in the rumen during feeding of the other three types of fodder were closely equal, they can be used as a composite reference group to which the results obtained with A.I.V. salt fodder are compared. This paper presents the results of experiments in which three types of silage fodder prepared by other procedures were employed as comparison fodders. keywords: a.i.v; ammonia; concentration; fodder; protein; rumen; salt; silage cache: afs-71521.pdf plain text: afs-71521.txt item: #1011 of 2310 id: afs-71522 author: Heinonen, Reijo title: A soil core sampler with provision for cutting successive layers date: 1960 words: 641 flesch: 64 summary: The cutting blade is sharpened on its upper side only in order to reduce its tend- ency to curve upwards in compact soil samples. Physical properties of soils as modified by crops and management. keywords: cylinder; soil cache: afs-71522.pdf plain text: afs-71522.txt item: #1012 of 2310 id: afs-71523 author: Barkoff, Eugen title: Über die Anwendung von Ultraschall zur Steigerung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und zum dispergieren des Bodens bei bodenanalytischen Arbeiten date: 1960 words: 2219 flesch: 53 summary: Es kann angenommen werden, dass der von uns benutzte Ultraschall für das Dispergieren des Bodens gut geeignet gewesen ist, da seine Benutzung ursprünglich 183 bezweckt hatte, die Oberflächen harter Gegenstände zu reinigen, was sich auf ähnliche Effektprinzipien wie die obigen gründet. 181 Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 dargestellt. keywords: auf; bei; boden; dass; der; die; für; ist; min; mit; schütteln; ultraschall; und; von; werden cache: afs-71523.pdf plain text: afs-71523.txt item: #1013 of 2310 id: afs-71524 author: Salonen, Arvi title: Das Vorkommen von Botrytis anthophila bond. in Proben von Handelssaatgut Finnischen Rotklees date: 1960 words: 1262 flesch: 74 summary: Über das Vorkommen von B. anthophila in Finnland liegen vorläufig keine Schrifttumsbelege vor. Meier & Krivoduskaja (8) und Aleshina (1) haben vorbereitende Untersuchungen über die Möglichkeiten chemi- scher Bekämpfung von B. anthophila ausgeführt. keywords: anthophila; auf; das; der; die; pilz; sporen; und; von cache: afs-71524.pdf plain text: afs-71524.txt item: #1014 of 2310 id: afs-71525 author: Westermarck, N. title: Kanatalouden teknillinen ja taloudellinen kehitys siipikarjanhoitajain liiton kirjanpitoiminnan tulosten valossa date: 1960 words: 3165 flesch: 57 summary: Kirjanpito on sen jälkeen jatkunut, joskin se oli keskeytyksissä sodan aikana ja eräinä muinakin vuosina 1930-luvulla. Kir- janpitovuosina 1933 ja 1938 oli kokonaistuotto huomattavasti alempi, mikä joh- tui kuitenkin suurelta osalta silloisesta alemmasta tuotostasosta. keywords: egg; eggs; että; family; feed; hen; income; kanaa; kohti; laskettu; luvulla; luvun; myös; ole; oli; ollut; ovat; poultry; price; production; table cache: afs-71525.pdf plain text: afs-71525.txt item: #1015 of 2310 id: afs-71526 author: Manner, Rolf title: Studies in bulk crosses between some beet strains date: 1960 words: 5080 flesch: 67 summary: Summary In the years 1952—56 the present author allowed different beet strains at the Gulläker Plant Breeding Institute to hybridize. The hybrids in which more than three strains were involved showed a tendency to give larger root yields than the strains in which only two strains were crossed. keywords: crosses; hybrids; matter; parents; percentage; roots; strains; yield cache: afs-71526.pdf plain text: afs-71526.txt item: #1016 of 2310 id: afs-71527 author: Sillanpää, Mikko title: The effect of various cations on the waterstability of soil aggregates date: 1960 words: 3520 flesch: 64 summary: Results and discussion The results of aggregate analyses after different treatments are given in tables 1 and 3 and the regressions concerning muddy clay soil in table 4 and in Fig. In this respect the influence of HCI differs considerably from that in other clay soils studied. keywords: aggregates; cations; clay; effect; log; soil; solutions; stability; water cache: afs-71527.pdf plain text: afs-71527.txt item: #1017 of 2310 id: afs-71528 author: Paloheimo, L.; Mäkelä, A. title: Further quantitative data on the role of the ruminant proventriculi in the digestion and absorption of nitrogen-free organic matter date: 1960 words: 1822 flesch: 63 summary: In the Table the animals in each group are enumerated according to the relative consumption of dry matter, beginning from those whose consumption per 100 kg reduced net weight was the smallest. In none of the groups does the amount of dry matter consumed seem to have any influence upon the results. keywords: cows; hay; matter; ratio cache: afs-71528.pdf plain text: afs-71528.txt item: #1018 of 2310 id: afs-71529 author: Mäkitie, Osmo title: Chloroform extraction of trace nutrients as oxinates from soil extracts for spectrographic analysis date: 1960 words: 2194 flesch: 57 summary: CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION OF TRACE NUTRIENTS AS OXINATES FROM SOIL EXTRACTS FOR SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS Osmo Mäkitie Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Research Centre, Helsinki Received August 24, 1960 When easily soluble trace elements in soils are to be analysed in soil extracts, a preliminary separation is necessary, as well as concentration of these trace constit- uents. Extraction procedures with oxinates and organic solvents have, however, not been presented earlier, although solvent extrac- tion methods have been used in concentrating the trace elements from soil extracts, e.g., by dithizone extraction (14). keywords: concentration; extraction; soil; solution; trace cache: afs-71529.pdf plain text: afs-71529.txt item: #1019 of 2310 id: afs-71530 author: Hilli, Aarne title: Kotona viljellyn kevätviljan siemenkelpoisuudesta date: 1960 words: 1999 flesch: 61 summary: BeX.d- % keskim. knrne korn Fremde % Reinheit Unkraut- teile im Entspelzte kpl/kg im Durch- im Durch- Sorten Übrige % samenim- Samen Durch- Samen Samen schnitt , schnitt , Keimfähigkeit in Keimungsklassen eingeordnet Vähimmät kauppa- Siemenlaji Itävyys luokittain % siemenvaatimukset Samenart Keimfähigkeitsklassen % täyttäneitä eriä Partien , welche die Alle 30 30—49 50—69 70—74 75—79 80—84 85—89 90—100 Unter gefüllt haben kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % kpl % Sl. St. St. St. St. St. St. St. St. Kaura 10 2,0 30 6,2 60 12,3 33 6,2 43 9,4 62 12,7 82 16,9 167 34,3 354 73,3 Hafer Kevätvehnä .. 2 0,9 7 3,1 47 20,7 21 9,3 18 7,9 37 keywords: die; gerste; hafer; kauralla; keskim; kevätvehnällä; kpl; ohralla; ohrassa; oli; samen; schnitt; sekä; sommerweizen; und; von cache: afs-71530.pdf plain text: afs-71530.txt item: #1020 of 2310 id: afs-71531 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: Fen fertilization with potash in the light of tests at Leteensuo experimental station date: 1960 words: 3171 flesch: 75 summary: K 2 O Unclayed Clayed Grain Increase Straw Increase Grain Increase Straw Increase yield in yield yield in yield yield in yield yield in yield 0 1335 3317 - 2087 4509 30 1883 548 4392 1075 2468 381 5205 696 60 2229 894 5099 1782 2612 525 5701 1192 90 2327 992 5424 2107 2710 623 5739 1230 120 2271 936 5557 2240 2771 684 6044 1535 Grain yield, fertilizing 160* 217** 291 *** claying 103* 140 ** 187 *** Table 7. Crop yield results The weather conditions during the test years have been described in a previous publication (4). keywords: crop; grain; hectare; potassium; straw; test; yield cache: afs-71531.pdf plain text: afs-71531.txt item: #1021 of 2310 id: afs-71532 author: Talvia, Pentti title: Various species of Gloeosporium in stored apples in Finland date: 1960 words: 3444 flesch: 69 summary: Occurrence of Gloeosporium species in apple varieties cultivated in Finland. In storage trials on apples carried out in the years 1952—1955 by the Depart- ment of Plant Pathology, the most important cause of losses in the stored fruit was apple rot caused by the fungus Gloeosporium (8). keywords: album; apple; conidia; gloeosporium; perennans; rot; species; varieties cache: afs-71532.pdf plain text: afs-71532.txt item: #1022 of 2310 id: afs-71533 author: Puustjärvi, Viljo title: The luxuriance of a bog in its natural state as an index to the quality of its peat date: 1960 words: 4952 flesch: 62 summary: The site requirements of bog plants, particularly their relation to the reaction of the substrate (5) and to its nutrient content (4) have been investigated. Samples were taken every time when a change of bog type or soil quality class was encoun- tered. keywords: base; bogs; class; content; peat; quality; soil; soil quality; trophicity; water cache: afs-71533.pdf plain text: afs-71533.txt item: #1023 of 2310 id: afs-71534 author: Mäki, Antti; Honkanen, Maire; Räsänen, Matti title: Maatilojemme hoidon jatkuvuus ja ns. maaltapako date: 1960 words: 4296 flesch: 64 summary: Viljelijöiden jakaantu- minen ikäluokkiin koko maassa ja eri alueilla esitetään seuraavassa asetelmassa. Seuraavassa asetelmassa esitetään viljelijäperheiden jakaantuminen lapsiluvun mukaan koko maassa ja eri alueilla. keywords: alueella; area; cent; children; country; eri; että; ikä; keskim; koko; kuin; lasten; maa; maassa; mukaan; myös; noin; oli; osa; ovat; siirtyneiden; tai; tilan; tutkimuksen; vain; viljelijän; viljelijäperheiden; viljelijöiden cache: afs-71534.pdf plain text: afs-71534.txt item: #1024 of 2310 id: afs-71535 author: Mäkelä, Aarne; Liakka, Liisa title: On the influence of diet on the retention time of food in the digestive tract of cows date: 1960 words: 5399 flesch: 71 summary: This circumstance had, however, no note- worthy influence on the results except on some quotas of retention times. Comparisons of retention times on the different diets The retention time of food in the digestive tract of cows fed on hay -f-sugar beet pulp can be compared with that of cows fed on hay+concentrates only when Fig. keywords: cows; diet; hay; lignin; matter; pulp; retention time; reticulo; rumen cache: afs-71535.pdf plain text: afs-71535.txt item: #1025 of 2310 id: afs-71536 author: Kaila, Armi; Hänninen, Pentti title: Response of ley plants to rock phosphate and superphosphate date: 1960 words: 4201 flesch: 66 summary: A great deal of attention has been paid to the factors affecting the dissolution of rock phosphate phosphorus in soils. Probably also the microorganisms of the rhizosphere, known to be able to solubilise apatite (26) assist in the uptake of rock phosphate phosphorus. keywords: clover; content; hay; hyperphosphate; phosphate; phosphorus; plants; red; rock; soil; trials cache: afs-71536.pdf plain text: afs-71536.txt item: #1026 of 2310 id: afs-71537 author: Ikäheimo, Katri title: Two cereal virus diseases in Finland date: 1960 words: 3446 flesch: 62 summary: Summary; On plant virus diseases and viruslike diseases in Finland. I am very much obliged to Dr Marion A. Watson for her helpful instruction during the time in 1959 when I studied virus diseases at the Rothamsted Experimental Station in England. keywords: cereal; disease; dwarf; finland; leafhoppers; leaves; mosaic; oats; pellucida; plants; striate; symptoms; virus; wheat cache: afs-71537.pdf plain text: afs-71537.txt item: #1027 of 2310 id: afs-71538 author: Pohjakallio, Onni; Karhuvaara, Laura title: Resistance to virus diseases of some F1 clones descended from the species hybridization Solanum demissum x S. tuberosum date: 1960 words: 3415 flesch: 68 summary: The results of core grafting infections Distance from virus- Clone No. of Percentage diseased ear (colour Piece tubers of plants potato plants of tuber) inserted grafted infected m. 1956 purple 15 20 10 —»— *— carrying a bud 20 65 10 — »— — »— no bud 20 65 10 1957 — »- 33 36 10 —carrying a bud 22 59 10 no bud 13 62 10 1959 - 50') 24 50 —»— —no bud 49 *) 100 50 1956 white 10 0 10 —»— * carrying a bud 20 0 10 *— —no bud 20 0 10 1957 —*- - 21 0 10 * *— carrying a bud 20 0 10 — »— no bud 21 0 10 1) For setting, the tubers were cultivated in specially isolated plots in 1958, when symptoms of early maturity were observed in one of the 50 plants; this plant was eliminated on August 4. types of potato plants were cultivated at distances of only 1.2 metres from each other, transformation into an earlier maturing type of plant was more frequent than when the plam;s of the original type were cultivated in special isolated plots. Results in 1956 Results in 1957 Results in 1958 Results in 1959 Year of No. of Tubers Year of No. of Tubers Year of No. of Tubers Year of No. of Tubers infect- plants g/plant infect- plants g/plant infect- plants g/plant infect- plants g/plant ion ion ion ion 1952 3 87 1952 3 145 1952 3 119 1952 3 59 1953 3 83 1953 2 256 1953 3 92 1953 3 46 1954 12 170 1954 3 202 1954 3 257 1954 3 86 1955 6 57 1955 7 75 1955 2 66 1955 3 11 1956 5 124 1956 6 257 1956 3 106 1956 5 39 Healthy 28 330 1957 13 536 1957 5 75 1957 9 30 plants Healthy 10 526 1958 16 120 1958 5 55 plants Healthy 11 218 1959 31 247 plants Healthy 3 258 plants 77 considered quite conclusive. keywords: bud; clones; diseased; plants; potato; potato plants; table; tubers; virus cache: afs-71538.pdf plain text: afs-71538.txt item: #1028 of 2310 id: afs-71539 author: Flaig, W. title: Die Wirkung von Humusstoffen auf den pflanzlichen Stoffwechsel date: 1961 words: 5398 flesch: 60 summary: Es wurde weiterhin der Einfluss von Thymohydrochinon auf die Phosphorylie- rung (14) untersucht. 2. Gesamtmenge der von den Pflanzen aufgenommenen Nährstoffe in mg; keywords: als; auch; auf; aus; bei; boden; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; durch; eine; einfluss; erhöht; flaig; für; huminsäuren; ist; konzentrationen; mit; nach; pflanzen; pflanzenwachstum; sind; substanzen; tagen; thymohydrochinon; und; untersuchungen; von; werden; wird; wirkung; über cache: afs-71539.pdf plain text: afs-71539.txt item: #1029 of 2310 id: afs-71540 author: Westermarck, N.; Weckman, K. J. title: Traktoranvändningens utveckling på ett antal bokföringsgårdar date: 1961 words: 3569 flesch: 58 summary: i sädd och gödselspridning, skötsel av grödan, skörd av grödan och transporter. traktoriseringen av sädd och gödselspridning, jordbrukets transporter samt skörd av grödan värit. keywords: att; den; farms; för; grödan; gärdar; och; som; tractors; traktor; use cache: afs-71540.pdf plain text: afs-71540.txt item: #1030 of 2310 id: afs-71541 author: Linko, Reino R.; Nikkilä, Olavi E.; Laine, Jorma J. title: Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs IV. Prolongation of the keeping guality of fresh fish by antibiotics date: 1961 words: 4692 flesch: 59 summary: The antibiotic can be applied to the ice used for fish storage, as a solution in dips or sprays for the whole fish prior to icing or after filleting (7) or by way of addition to the chilled brine or sea water used in place of ice (19, 24). Chemical inhibition of growths of fish spoilage bacteria. keywords: antibiotic; ctc; days; experiments; fish; ice; odor; ppm; storage cache: afs-71541.pdf plain text: afs-71541.txt item: #1031 of 2310 id: afs-71542 author: Takala, Mauri title: Super- ja thomasfosfaatti rahkasuon lannoitteina date: 1961 words: 2338 flesch: 72 summary: ja olkisadot on ilmoitettu ilmakui- vina, jyväsadot kuivattuina. Koejäsen Kauran jyväsato Keskimääräinen Kauran jyväsato kg/lia v. 1948 heinäsato kg/ha kg/ha, v. 1952 vv. 1949-1951 Treatment Crop of oats Average crop of Crop of oats kg/ha, 1948 hay kg/ha, kg/ha, 1952 1949-1951 0 1700 460 630 Psf 2470 1267 1020 Ptf 2410 1707 1250 2Psl 2810 2263 2030 2Ptf 2480 2683 1990 0 -|- kalkitus liming 1590 913 700 Psf + » 2400 2310 1170 Ptf + » 2150 2670 1480 2Psf + » 2720 4333 1770 2Ptf + » 2270 4310 2130 1258* 1724** 2375*** Fosfaattilannoiluksen ja kalkituksen yhteisvaikutus Tutkittaessa edellä esitettyjen taulukoiden perusteella fosfaattilannoitteiden ja kalkituksen yhteisvaikutusta havaitaan superfosfaatin ja kalkituksen yhteis- vaikutuksen olevan positiivisen, lukuunottamatta kauraa, jolla molempien fosfaat- tilannoitteiden ja kalkituksen yhteisvaikutus on negatiivinen. keywords: grain; jyviä; kuin; oats; psf; ptf; straw; yield cache: afs-71542.pdf plain text: afs-71542.txt item: #1032 of 2310 id: afs-71543 author: Kaila, Armi title: Fertilizer phosphorus in some Finnish soils date: 1961 words: 3783 flesch: 62 summary: Soil phosphorus fractions in some representive soils. It seems that the fractionation method developed by Chang and for the estimation of discrete forms of soil phosphorus is not quite satisfactory for tracing the fertilizer phosphorus in soils recently dressed with phosphates. keywords: acid; fraction; increase; phosphorus; samples; sei; soil; superphosphate cache: afs-71543.pdf plain text: afs-71543.txt item: #1033 of 2310 id: afs-71544 author: Yllö, Leo title: Tärkeimpien peltokasvien hehtaarisatojen kehitys Suomessa date: 1961 words: 1560 flesch: 58 summary: Suhteellisen eniten oli noussut kauran ja vähiten perunan ja rukiin sato. Kevätvehnän vaihte- lukerroin (15 %) oli hieman suurempi kuin rukiin, mutta pienempi kuin ohran (18 %) ja kauran (19 %). keywords: den; der; die; että; hehtaarisatojen; kauran; luvulla; oli; olivat; sadot; satotason; suomessa cache: afs-71544.pdf plain text: afs-71544.txt item: #1034 of 2310 id: afs-71545 author: Ikäheimo, Katri; Raatikainen, Mikko title: Calligypona obscurella (Boh.), a new vector of the wheat striate mosaic and oat sterile-dwarf viruses date: 1961 words: 2717 flesch: 71 summary: C. obscurella and its life cycle C. obscurella differs from C. pellucida in the following features (Fig. 1): C. ob- scurella is smaller and darker; the proximal part of the costa and subcosta of the front wing is dark. The life cycle of C. obscurella is similar to that of C. pellucida. keywords: dwarf; mosaic; oat; obscurella; pellucida; striate; virus; viruses; wheat cache: afs-71545.pdf plain text: afs-71545.txt item: #1035 of 2310 id: afs-71546 author: Heinonen, Reijo title: On the pre-treatment of samples of heavy clay soil for determinations by the pressure membrane apparatus date: 1961 words: 1505 flesch: 56 summary: Temperature: + 20°C Time under pressure: 3 days Size of soil samples: 4—7 g Thickness of the soil layer after pressing: I—3 mm; in finely ground samples: I—21 —2 mm Replicates: 3 or more; in different batches Preliminary soaking; 1 day unless otherwise stated. The effect of soaking time and grinding intensity on the 8-bar percentage of Subsoil No. 744. 158 Conclusions The method of pre-treatment of soil samples should be chosen in each case according to the purpose of study, keeping in mind the slow reversibility of the wetting undergone by heavy glacial clay. keywords: air; grinding; samples; soil cache: afs-71546.pdf plain text: afs-71546.txt item: #1036 of 2310 id: afs-71547 author: Hänninen, Pentti; Kaila, Armi title: Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone as sources of nitrogen for oats and barley date: 1961 words: 4097 flesch: 61 summary: Calcium nitrate plants Ammonium nitrate plants N applied 25 kg/ha 3.49 % 3.55 % » 50 » 3.97 % 3.90 % » 75 I 4.60 % 4.42 % » 100 » 5.17 % 4.91 % In spite of the fairly large variation between the replicates, a statistically significant difference at the 5 per cent level exists in the nitrogen content of the plants treated with 100 kg/ha of N. The large variation in the nitrogen content of the samples from various repli- cates may be understood on the basis of the theory presented by Specht (2) of 166 the variation control mechanism. Discussion Since the last century the problem of the value of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen as the nutrient source of plants has been studied and discussed. keywords: ammonium; ammonium nitrate; calcium; calcium nitrate; limestone; nitrate; nitrogen cache: afs-71547.pdf plain text: afs-71547.txt item: #1037 of 2310 id: afs-71548 author: Kaila, Armi; Hänninen, Pentti title: Fertilizer nitrogen in soil date: 1961 words: 6003 flesch: 65 summary: Soil nitrogen. The distribu- tion of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen was followed through two growing periods. keywords: ammonium; june; l.s.d; nitrate; nitrogen; soil cache: afs-71548.pdf plain text: afs-71548.txt item: #1038 of 2310 id: afs-71549 author: Kaila, Armi title: Effect of incubation and liming on the phosphorus fractions in soil date: 1961 words: 3758 flesch: 57 summary: The differences in the various fractions of inorganic phosphorus in the samples treated with superphosphate and in the untreated samples are the following: I' ppm Loam soil Silt soil extracted Original Incubated Incubated Original Incubated Incubated by with lime with lime NH 4 CI 2 3 5 13 5 NH.F 58 58 60 39 40 38 NaOH 43 The corresponding differences in the values for the samples from the plots treated with hyperphosphate and from the untreated plots are the following: P ppm Loam soil Silt soil extracted Original Incubated Incubated Original Incubated Incubated by with lime with lime NH 4 CI 1110 2 1 NH.F 21 37 21 17 21 16 NaOH 23 27 12 25 30 16 H2 SO, 222 204 231 197 171 193 As could be expected, in both soils the hyperphosphate phosphorus is accumu- lated mainly in the acid-soluble fraction. keywords: acid; fractions; incubation; lime; phosphorus; samples; soil cache: afs-71549.pdf plain text: afs-71549.txt item: #1039 of 2310 id: afs-71550 author: Kaarlehto, Paavo title: Tulotason vaikutuksesta elintarvikemenoihin ja kulutusmääriin date: 1961 words: 3901 flesch: 54 summary: Tutkimustehtävään ryhdyttäessä oli ratkaistava kaksi tärkeää kysymystä: 1) millaista funktiotyyppiä olisi käytettävä tulojen ja kulutuksen vuorosuhdetta tut- kittaessa ja 2) miten kulutustutkimusta varten kerätyistä tiedoista voitaisiin saada mahdollisimman homogeeninen aineisto tulojoustokertoimien määrittämistä varten. Kertoimien bj, ba , b m ja b D estimaatit käyvät ilmi seuraavasta asetelmasta. keywords: adjustment; aineiston; aineistosta; elasticity; että; food; hedelmät; koko; kun; log; ole; perheen; products; sekä; semilog; tulojen; voidaan cache: afs-71550.pdf plain text: afs-71550.txt item: #1040 of 2310 id: afs-71551 author: Barkoff, Eugen title: Masuunikuonan ja hienafosfaatin maata kalkitseva vaikutus pitkäaikaisen laboratoriokokeen perusteella date: 1961 words: 2136 flesch: 54 summary: Kun on todennäköistä, että rautateollisuus Suomessa tulee laajenemaan ja siten saadaan ehkä paljonkin masuunikuonaa, pantiin Maatalouden tutkimuskes- kuksen maanviljelyskemian ja -fysiikan laitoksessa syksyllä 1951 alkuun pieni koe laboratoriomittakaavassa masuunikuonan vaikutuksien selvittämiseksi. Eniten tuntuu lisäys hienossa hiekassa, vähemmän ja keskenään suunnil- leen yhtä paljon hietasavessa ja saraturpeessa. keywords: abb; bei; der; des; die; durch; että; kokeen; kuin; kuten; maan; merkit; oli; piirroksessa; und; vaikutus; von cache: afs-71551.pdf plain text: afs-71551.txt item: #1041 of 2310 id: afs-71552 author: Multamäki, K. title: Notes on the value of spring rye for cultivation date: 1961 words: 1621 flesch: 68 summary: In examining the various features of the improved strains it appears from Table 1 that spring rye and spring wheat emerged particularly well and were equal in this respect. Spring wheat proved to have the shortest straw, that of spring rye was distinctly longer, the straw of the winter rye being the longest. keywords: jokioinen; rye; spring; wheat; winter cache: afs-71552.pdf plain text: afs-71552.txt item: #1042 of 2310 id: afs-71553 author: Jokela, Meri title: Sisäkkäisjyvistä eri kauralajikkeilla ja niiden vaikutuksesta siementavaran puhtauteen date: 1961 words: 1907 flesch: 59 summary: teli00.10.096—0.09 % ja oli sama tai pienempi kuin irrallisten roskien määrä. Tällaisessa sisäkkäis- jyvässä on useimmiten ulkojyvä tyhjä, ja sisäjyvä on kehittynyt normaalia sisä- Foto O. Ulvinen. keywords: eri; että; grains; keskim; kpl/100; kuin; lajikkeilla; myös; määrä; oli; seed; sisäkkäisjyvien cache: afs-71553.pdf plain text: afs-71553.txt item: #1043 of 2310 id: afs-71554 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: The ash content of the plough layer of peat lands cultivated by different methods date: 1961 words: 2906 flesch: 65 summary: https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=TpHwU0gGRG2Oo8jf.wgAG8v4OkQb39roPdWnwdQ.qjkH7gf9LhK-6ArUSPm38mc42UvGdP-gYpS8lgfAa8QRoGmaCJ4y_R2imxltGsJy6mAYaM3XciiG2o2I8Lm0kTX4veqWz7DJBTaGXSm7gX1LsDLogeR1FN9gn4FiyixkzIiSrIlV9ahjq9xH1uR1zNyWytw5NRTfnkNmh_w 216 Leteensuo Claying and sand addition test on fen land. Uzed kgK2 0 per daye(J addition, m' per .. , per hectare m3per hectare hectare hectare 0 25.2 28.2 0 19.5± 16 46.8±8.5 0 13.1±8.3 53.1±5.6 0 34.1 ±3.4 30.1 ± 4.0 200 Clay 32.6 41.3 30 18.9±2.1 47.4±6.4 1 10.8±3.6 55.3±1.8 200 S 57.0 ±2.6 55.6 ± 4.7 200 Sand 44.8 45.4 60 20.6± 1.9 50.0±2.2 2 8.4±1.8 55.4±2.1 200 Hk 53.3±6.0 56.3±11.5 400 Clay 45.3 48.7 90 20.1 ± 4.7 52.3 ±4.7 3 11.5±2.2 55.1±2.9 400 S 63.3 ±B.O 60.1 ± 5.8 400 Sand 54.4 60.3 120 24.3±10.2 50.2±4.5 4 13.2±3.8 53.2±9.0 400 Hk 75.6±4.1 72.5 ± 7.5 600 Clay 51.6 61.0 600 Sand 66.4 68.9 800 Clay 64.7 65.9 800 Sand 68.9 75.3 218 219 Tohmajärvi Claying and sand addition test on fen land. keywords: ash; content; hectare; peat; soil; test cache: afs-71554.pdf plain text: afs-71554.txt item: #1044 of 2310 id: afs-71555 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: Results from a soil improvement and fertilizing test on fen land at Leteensuo date: 1961 words: 3428 flesch: 71 summary: As has been said in the description of the test, soil improving agents were applied twice in this test, namely, in the years 1910 and 1928. A slightly higher quantity is thought to be necessary for the top dress fertilization of hay meadows without soil improving agents. keywords: crop; fertilization; hectare; mineral; potassium; soil; test cache: afs-71555.pdf plain text: afs-71555.txt item: #1045 of 2310 id: afs-71556 author: Sillanpää, Mikko title: Soil freezing and thawing as affected by soil moisture content and air temperature date: 1961 words: 2171 flesch: 67 summary: This study was conducted to obtain more information about the relationships between the factors, air temperature and soil moisture content, both of which affect the nature of the soil freezing and thawing phenomena and thus indirectly aggregation and other physical properties of soils. Materials and methods Surface samples of Guelph loam, 60 g in weight and 57.7 ml in volume, were used to study the effects of soil moisture content and air temperature on the time required to freeze or thaw the soil sample. keywords: freezing; moisture; soil; thawing cache: afs-71556.pdf plain text: afs-71556.txt item: #1046 of 2310 id: afs-71557 author: Rintelen, Paul title: Die Zukunft der Familienbetriebe in Europa date: 1961 words: 3254 flesch: 52 summary: Zur Zeit ist die wirtschaftliche Lage der bäuerlichen Familienwirtschaften in den einzelnen Ländern stark abhängig von demStand der jeweiligen Volkswirtschaft und von der Aufgabe, die der Landwirtschaft schlechthin gestellt ist. Berufsgruppen vergleichbares Einkommen bei ordnungs- gemässer Bewirtschaftung abwirft, fast ausschliesslich mit familieneigenen Arbeits- kräften bearbeitet wird und bei der der Betriebsleiter eigenverantwortlich wirt- schaftet, eigene Verfügungsgewalt über die Produktionsfaktoren hat sowie das Risiko des Wirtschaftens trägt. keywords: aber; auch; auf; bei; besonders; betriebe; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; familienbetrieb; grossbetrieb; ist; landwirtschaft; mit; nicht; sich; sind; und; von; wenn; werden; wird; zur cache: afs-71557.pdf plain text: afs-71557.txt item: #1047 of 2310 id: afs-71558 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: The volume weight of the organic matter in the plough layer of peat lands cultivated by different methods date: 1961 words: 2865 flesch: 60 summary: Mineral soil Volume weight Increase caused Joint addition' Unfertilized Fertilized by soil impro- effect in3 per hectare ving 0 0.367 0.411 0.389 - - 200 clay 0.396 0.425 0.410 + 0.021 - 0.015 200 sand 0.360 0.413 0.386 - 0.003 + 0.009 400 clay 0.394 0.412 0.403 + 0.014 - 0.026 400 sand 0.396 0.406 0.401 + 0.012 - 0.034 600 clay 0.369 0.372 0.370 - 0.019 - 0.041 600 sand 0.412 0.413 0.412 + 0.023 - 0.043 800 clay 0.380 0.410 0.395 + 0.006 - 0.014 800 sand 0.415 0.450 0.432 + 0.043 - 0.009 Mean 0.388 0.412 - F values: Mineral soil 9.9o*** Fertilizing 43.77*** Joint effect 3.61* t-value, Fertilizing 4.478*** Table 2. Mineral soil Volume weight Increase caused addition, TT , .... , _ .... , ~ by soil improvingUnfertilized fertilized Mean ' r m 3 per hectare 0 0.399 0.351 0.375 200 fine sand 0.362 0.340 0.351 - 0.024 200 clay 0.385 0.400 0.392 + 0.017 Rean 0.382 0.364 F values: Mineral soil 0.24° Fertilizing o.oB° Joint effect 0.15° Table 5. keywords: cultivation; matter; peat; soil; volume; volume weight cache: afs-71558.pdf plain text: afs-71558.txt item: #1048 of 2310 id: afs-71559 author: Multamäki, K. title: Der Einfluss klimatischer Faktoren auf die Entwicklung von Erbse date: 1961 words: 4503 flesch: 60 summary: Zwischen der Niederschlagssumme und der effektiven Temperatursumme der ganzen Wachstumsdauer ist eine positive Korrelation festgestellt worden. Zwischen der Niederschlagssumme und der effektiven Temperatursumme der Wachstumsdauer zeigte sich eine positive Wechselbeziehung. keywords: als; auf; bei; dass; den; der; des; die; eine; erbse; faktoren; für; ganzen; hat; ist; jahren; phase; sich; tage; temperatursumme; torsdags; und; von; wachstumsdauer; zweiten; zwischen; über cache: afs-71559.pdf plain text: afs-71559.txt item: #1049 of 2310 id: afs-71560 author: Heinonen, Reijo title: Boorin niukkuus raudanpuutostaudin aiheuttajana kaurassa rahkasuolla date: 1961 words: 1648 flesch: 51 summary: Niissä oli tiheässä lyhyitä paksuja haaroja ja kyhmyjä ja niiden väri oli kellanruskea, mikä erotti ne myös värivalokuvissa selvästi terveiden kasvien valkeista juurista. Monissa maissa on todettu raudan puutetta rahkasoilla (1, s. 59, 8), mutta sen kytkeytymistä boorin puutteeseen ja boorin ratkaisevaa vaikutusta kauran juurien kehitykseen ei liene aikaisemmin havaittu kenttäolosuhteissa. keywords: alueella; boorin; boron; että; joka; kasvien; kaurassa; kuin; kuparin; mutta; myös; oli; puute; puutetta; raudan cache: afs-71560.pdf plain text: afs-71560.txt item: #1050 of 2310 id: afs-71561 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa title: Determination of carbohydrates in animal foods as seven fractions date: 1961 words: 3016 flesch: 63 summary: The experiments which were made with pure solutions of individual monosac- charides showed that the purification of the solution by ion-exchange resins Duolite A-7 and Duolite C-3 has no effect on the concentration of sugar solutions. If, however, Duolite A-7 has once been used for neutralization and has been regenerated, it concentrates sugar solutions. keywords: carbohydrates; duolite; fructosan; residue; sugars; water cache: afs-71561.pdf plain text: afs-71561.txt item: #1051 of 2310 id: afs-71562 author: Kaila, Armi; Hänninen, Pentti title: Response of winter rye to hyperphosphate and superphosphate date: 1961 words: 4578 flesch: 61 summary: In the less acid soil of trial K 105 hyperphosphate phosphorus seems to be found almost completely as calcium bound phosphorus whereas it has also increased in the more acid fine sand soil of trial K 104 some of the test values representing aluminium and iron bound phosphorus. Field trials Trial K 104 was on a fine sand soil, and trial K 105 was on a humus soil. keywords: phosphorus; plants; plots; rye; soil; superphosphate; trial k; trials cache: afs-71562.pdf plain text: afs-71562.txt item: #1052 of 2310 id: afs-71563 author: Paloheimo, L.; Vainio, K. A.; Kero, M.-L.; Herkola, Eine title: Analyses of plant products in greater detail date: 1961 words: 2736 flesch: 71 summary: Other membrane substances. The fraction »other membrane substances» contains mainly cell wall hemicellu- loses other than pentosans. keywords: carbohydrates; fraction; hulls; membrane; protein; substances cache: afs-71563.pdf plain text: afs-71563.txt item: #1053 of 2310 id: afs-71564 author: Takala, Mauri title: Super-, thomas- ja hienofosfaatin vaikutuksesta mutasuolla date: 1961 words: 2426 flesch: 72 summary: ja olkisadot kg/ha (4 vuotta). V. 1941 ei fosfaattilannoitusta annettu ollenkaan ja kalilannoituskin oli vain 60 kg/ha K.O. Vuosilta 1943 ja 1944 ei ole koetuloksia käytettävissä. keywords: että; kalkitus; liming; psf; ptf; slag; years; yield cache: afs-71564.pdf plain text: afs-71564.txt item: #1054 of 2310 id: afs-71565 author: Pohjakallio, Onni; Salonen, Arvi; Antila, Simo title: Kevätviljan kehityksestä Helsingin yliopiston Viikin (60° 10'N) ja Muddusniemen (69°5'N) koetiloilla suoritetuissa kenttäkokeissa date: 1961 words: 4889 flesch: 64 summary: Kultasade I I-kauran kylvön ja täydelle röyhylle tulon välisen ajan keskilämpötilojen vuoro- suhde Viikissä ja Muddusniemessä vuosina 1949—1960. Viikin ja Muddusniemen koe- tilojen lämpötilanmuutosten keskeistä korrelaatiota (r) vuodesta toiseen selvitet- Taulukko 2. keywords: bis; der; des; die; kaura; kevätviljan; kuin; kärjen; lämpöasteiden; muddusniemessä; muddusniemi; ohra; ollut; rispe; röyhylle; röyhyn; tammi; tähkälle; tähkän; täydelle; und; viik; viikissä; von; vuosina; ähre cache: afs-71565.pdf plain text: afs-71565.txt item: #1055 of 2310 id: afs-71566 author: Ikäheimo, Katri title: A virus disease of oats in Finland similar to oat sterile-dwarf disease date: 1961 words: 2184 flesch: 72 summary: Thereafter the leafhoppers in these cages were transferred once a week to healthy oat plants. Leafhoppers collected in Sulva parish on the 28th April 1960 transmitted both viruses immediately to healthy oat plants without any acquisition feed in the glasshouse. keywords: disease; dwarf; leafhoppers; oat; plants; sterile cache: afs-71566.pdf plain text: afs-71566.txt item: #1056 of 2310 id: afs-71567 author: Pohjakallio, Onni; Karhuvaara, Laura; Antila, Simo title: The effect of potato rugose on the yield of some potato varieties date: 1961 words: 4600 flesch: 68 summary: Suomessa viljellyn perunan virustaudeista (On potato virus diseases in Finland) Maatal.tiet. aikak. 21; 17 28. (4) Jamalainen, E. A, 1946, The significance of potato virus diseases in Finland. keywords: harbinger; plants; potato; potato plants; potato virus; variety; virus disease cache: afs-71567.pdf plain text: afs-71567.txt item: #1057 of 2310 id: afs-71568 author: Ryynänen, Viljo title: Pellon arvosta Liperin kunnassa vuosina 1956-1960 date: 1962 words: 4042 flesch: 57 summary: ja talousrakennuksin varustettua ja vain talousrakennuksin varustettua verohehtaaria kohden. Talousrakennuksin varustetun verohehtaarin arvoksi tuli tutki- muksen mukaan 134 000 mk ja I luokan pellon arvoksi talousrakennuksineen 174 000 mk/ha. keywords: arvioitu; arvo; arvoksi; että; field; hectare; hinta; kaupoissa; kohden; kuin; kun; liperin; luokan; maan; maatilojen; maksettu; mukaan; oli; pellon; peltoa; peltohehtaarin; perusteella; price; rakennetun; rakennusten; rakentamattomien; sekä; value; verohehtaaria cache: afs-71568.pdf plain text: afs-71568.txt item: #1058 of 2310 id: afs-71569 author: Seppänen, Esko; Huokuna, Erkki title: Upto-perunan merkitys Mikkelin läänin maanviljelysseuran alueella date: 1962 words: 2651 flesch: 63 summary: Maatiaisperuna Haalikainen edusti ihanteellista makusuuntaa, sillä se sai arvosanaksi 9.8, Upto ja Jaakko saivat vas- taavasti 7.8 ja 7.6 (8 ja 8). Haalikainen näyttää jo v. 1950 hävinneen 15 ha suuremmilta viljelmiltä ja Jaakko on jo v. 1959 syrjäyttänyt Upton niillä. keywords: alueella; area; että; jaakko; lajikkeet; lajikkeiden; mutta; oli; ollut; ovat; potato; savon; sen; sitä; upto; variety; viljelmillä; vuoden cache: afs-71569.pdf plain text: afs-71569.txt item: #1059 of 2310 id: afs-71570 author: Mäkitie, Osmo title: On the cobalt/nickel ratio in arable soils date: 1962 words: 1940 flesch: 75 summary: Quantitative spectrographic determination of minor elements in soil samples. Such relatively low values are observable, for example, in muddy clays, muds and lake muds, and generally in peat soil types, the very soil types in which cobalt deficiency has mostly been found. keywords: cobalt; elements; nickel; ratio; soils; trace cache: afs-71570.pdf plain text: afs-71570.txt item: #1060 of 2310 id: afs-71571 author: Häggman, J.; Nikkilä, O. E. title: Chemical preservatives in foodstuffs. V. The effect of benzoic acid on the sporulation of Bacillus megaterium date: 1962 words: 4039 flesch: 54 summary: In the present study, based on the observation made in preliminary experiments of the authors (unpublished), that benzoic acid and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid inhibit sporulation much more effectively than the vegetative growth of some Bacillus species (B. megaterium, B. cereus and three unidentified species), attention has been mainly directed to the effect on sporulation of the preservatives mentioned. 98 Results Cultures in nutrient medium The experimental organism reproduced in a medium to which 1 per cent of sodium benzoate had been added (initial concentration 1.1 X 10“4-m undissociated benzoic acid/1; the dissociation constant of benzoic acid used in calculations was 6.3 x 10“5). keywords: acid; benzoate; benzoic; cells; medium; spores cache: afs-71571.pdf plain text: afs-71571.txt item: #1061 of 2310 id: afs-71572 author: Kaila, Armi title: Fixation of ammonium in Finnish soils date: 1962 words: 3599 flesch: 62 summary: The content of exchangeable potassium varies in the surface soil samples quite markedly, prob- ably owing to the fertilization; yet, the mean value is not far higher than the cor- responding figure for the deeper layers. Ammonium fixation in soils. keywords: ammonium; capacity; clay; content; fixation; fixing; potassium; samples; soil cache: afs-71572.pdf plain text: afs-71572.txt item: #1062 of 2310 id: afs-71573 author: Teittinen, Pentti title: Viljan kosteuden tasaantumisesta sekoitettaessa date: 1962 words: 604 flesch: 56 summary: Syysvehnän kosteudenmuutokset kuivien ja kosteiden jyvien sekoittamisen jälkeen Table 1. Kosteus % Moisture % Seos 1 Seos 2 Seos 3 Mixture 1 keywords: jyvien; jälkeen; koko; moisture cache: afs-71573.pdf plain text: afs-71573.txt item: #1063 of 2310 id: afs-71574 author: Ruokola, Anna-Liisa title: Lisätietoja torajyvän viljelykokeista Viikin koetilalla date: 1962 words: 2987 flesch: 52 summary: Lannoite levitettiin oraille v. 1959: 13.5., v. 1960: 28.4. ja v. 1961: 4.5. 123 lannoituksena 20 tonnia karjanlantaa, 300 kg superfosfaattia ja 160 kg 50 % kali- suolaa hehtaaria kohti. keywords: conidia; ensi; ergot; että; ilman; kuin; kuromia; kuromien; oli; olivat; rukiin; rye; taulukko; torajyvän; vaikutus; vuosina; yield cache: afs-71574.pdf plain text: afs-71574.txt item: #1064 of 2310 id: afs-71575 author: Mühle, E. title: Zur Grundlegung der Phytomedizin date: 1962 words: 2289 flesch: 45 summary: Zu diesen allen kommt schliesslich entsprechend der Stellung der Pflanze in der Natur das fast un- übersehbare Heer der Phytophagen, das vor allem deshalb so gross ist, weil die Pflanze als solche primär einem grossen Teil des Tierreiches und dem Menschen zur Nahrung dient. Und noch grösser als beim Tier wird bei der Pflanze die Zahl der tierischen Parasiten. keywords: als; auch; bei; das; dem; den; der; die; eine; für; ist; patienten; pflanze; phytomedizin; phytopathologie; sich; und; von; werden cache: afs-71575.pdf plain text: afs-71575.txt item: #1065 of 2310 id: afs-71576 author: Uotila, Irja title: Nautakarjan kivennäisaineiden syönnistä laitumella. III date: 1962 words: 5384 flesch: 64 summary: Sama havainto on tehty aikai- semmissakin kokeissa (4 ja s. 144), siis että hiehot syövät enemmän kalsiumpitoisia kivennäisrehu ja kuin lehmät. Tässä kokeessa on käytetty muutoin samoja kivennäisrehuja (ruo- kintakalkki, -dolomiitti, seos IV ja ruokasuola) kuin lehmien kokeessa 111 paitsi karkeampaa ruokasuolaa. keywords: aikana; cows; fodder; g g; hiehot; koe; kohti; kokeissa; kuin; lehmät; limestone; mixture; oli; phosphate; rehusuolaseos; ruokasuolaa; salt; seosta; söivät; total cache: afs-71576.pdf plain text: afs-71576.txt item: #1066 of 2310 id: afs-71577 author: Halkilahti, Anna-Marja title: The survival of sclerotia of Sclerotinia trifoliorum erikss. on the soil and the occurrence of clover rot in various years date: 1962 words: 3414 flesch: 68 summary: It is generally considered at the present time that Sclerotinia trifoliorum sur- vives during the summertime mainly in the form of sclerotia. Thus sclerotia are able to live for many years, although in general they are often rapidly destroyed in the soil. keywords: apothecia; clover; conditions; sclerotia; soil; survival; table; trifoliorum; years cache: afs-71577.pdf plain text: afs-71577.txt item: #1067 of 2310 id: afs-71578 author: Mäkelä, Aarne title: On designing the average lactation curve at the ascending phase date: 1962 words: 3009 flesch: 66 summary: Absolute peak Method of Kajanoja and Method of the author Silvennoinen-Larpes Duration Duration Duration Peak of the Peak of the Peak of the production ascending production ascending production ascending phase phase phase kg days In order to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks, the author proposes that average lactation curves should be designed in such a way that both productions and times involved in reaching them are averages. keywords: ascending; curve; lactation; peak; phase cache: afs-71578.pdf plain text: afs-71578.txt item: #1068 of 2310 id: afs-71579 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: The temperature of peat soil at Leteensuo date: 1962 words: 2010 flesch: 64 summary: At the experimental station Leteensuo of the Society of Peat Cultivation (24.15° E, 61.04° N) certain investiga- tions concerning soil temperatures have been carried out since 1958. There is a remarkable difference in soil temperature between two bogs of different geographical location, namely, Leteensuo and Pelsonsuo. keywords: conditions; leteensuo; peat; pelsonsuo; soil; temperature cache: afs-71579.pdf plain text: afs-71579.txt item: #1069 of 2310 id: afs-71580 author: Salonen, Arvi title: Plenodomus meliloti Dearness & Sanford found in Finnish Lappland date: 1962 words: 1102 flesch: 65 summary: On the basis of the culture tests as well as the symptoms observed in the roots of infected clover plants, it was possible to determine this fungus as being Plenodomus meliloti Dearness & Sanford (1. 4). For example, in the red clover sowing time trial (sowing dates 15. 6. 1960 and 15. 7. 1960), all the clover varieties, including the Finnish variety Tammisto, were completely destroyed in the course of the winter, In investigating the cause of the clover destruction, it was found that the fungal growths observed on the roots of dead clover plants were black, hard, slightly flattened spherical formations, s—ll5—11 mm in diameter. keywords: fig; meliloti; pycnidia; sanford cache: afs-71580.pdf plain text: afs-71580.txt item: #1070 of 2310 id: afs-71581 author: Mäkelä, Aarne title: The lactation curve of the cow at the ascending phase date: 1962 words: 7170 flesch: 69 summary: Each of these groups has further been divided in two subgroups: the first includes lac- tations of cows at the first lactation and the second includes lactation of older cows. The duration of the ascending phase was in general significantly longer at winter than at pasture feeding in both heifer-cows and older cows treated separately. keywords: ascending; cows; day; days; feeding; heifer; lactation; peak production; period; phase; sequence; winter cache: afs-71581.pdf plain text: afs-71581.txt item: #1071 of 2310 id: afs-71582 author: Kaila, Armi title: Determination of total organic phosphorus in samples of mineral soils date: 1962 words: 4785 flesch: 54 summary: Ignition method and extraction method Provided the destruction of organic matter and the extraction of phosphorus are effective enough, the ignition methods usually tend to give somewhat higher values for the organic phosphorus than do the extraction methods (8, 9, 12). These observations do not indicate that the difference between the respective results obtained by the ignition and extraction method would depend on only one or two characteristics of the soil. keywords: extraction; ignition; method; phosphorus; results; samples; soil cache: afs-71582.pdf plain text: afs-71582.txt item: #1072 of 2310 id: afs-71583 author: Kaukovirta, Erkki title: Lyhytpäiväkrysanteemin pistokasmonistus- ja taimikasvatuskokeista date: 1962 words: 3732 flesch: 56 summary: Hormonikäsittelyn vaikutus tuli esiin ensisijaisesti juurten lukumäärän lisääntymisessä, kun sen sijaan juuren pituuskasvuun ja verson kehitykseen sillä tuskin oli havaittavaa vaikutusta. SEARLEn ja MACHiNin (18) selostamissa kokeissa eri lajikkeiden havaittiin tarvitsevan tietyn pituisen 199 kasvuajan ennen pimentämisen aloittamista, ja todettiin sen vaihtelevan lajik- keesta riippuen 6:sta 20 vrk:een. keywords: alustalla; average; chrysanthemum; cuttings; eri; että; experiment; halo; hiekka; juuriston; krysanteemin; kuin; media; multa; oli; ovat; penkkiin; pistokkaiden; pituus; propagation; rooting; sen; silvertone; suoraan; taulukko; turvehiekka; verson cache: afs-71583.pdf plain text: afs-71583.txt item: #1073 of 2310 id: afs-71584 author: Kaila, Armi title: Phosphorus test values of fresh and air-dried soil samples date: 1962 words: 2803 flesch: 66 summary: Therefore, the use of fresh soil samples is recommended. It is often emphasized that drying of soil samples affects the solubility of soil phosphorus. keywords: acid; drying; samples; soil cache: afs-71584.pdf plain text: afs-71584.txt item: #1074 of 2310 id: afs-71585 author: Multamäki, K. title: The effect of seed size and depth of seeding on the emergence of grassland plants date: 1962 words: 2985 flesch: 65 summary: In four of the remaining seven species distinct dependence of total emergence upon seed size was established, too. Further, in five of the eleven strains studied, no significant dependence of total emergence upon seed size was found. keywords: depth; emergence; grass; seeding; seedlings; size; strains cache: afs-71585.pdf plain text: afs-71585.txt item: #1075 of 2310 id: afs-71586 author: Heinonen, Reijo title: Jäykkien savien pintakerroksen laadusta date: 1962 words: 2082 flesch: 55 summary: Tarkasteltaessa hiilipitoisuuden suhdetta mullan ja jankon savespitoisuuteen pellon ylä- ja alapäässä ilmeni, että yläpäässä mullan hiili- ja savespitoisuuksien välillä on melko voimakas positiivinen korrelaatio (r = o.47***, piirros 6). ja b-pisteille on laskettu yhteinen regressiosuora, minkä ohella on viit- teennä pilkkuviiva 45°;ssa. keywords: aitosavea; alapäässä; clay; content; että; fields; fig; jankon; koko; kuin; mukaan; multakerroksen; oli; savespitoisuus; subsoil; topsoil cache: afs-71586.pdf plain text: afs-71586.txt item: #1076 of 2310 id: afs-71587 author: Sillanpää, Mikko title: Trace elements in Finnish soils as related to soil texture and organic matter content date: 1962 words: 2880 flesch: 63 summary: Organic soils have often been found to be low in total trace elements, while relatively high concentrations, of some trace elements may occur in mineral top- soils rich in organic matter (4, 8, 17, 22). The total contents of many trace elements are generally low in Finnish peat soils, and particularly in Sphagnum peats, (20, 21); most of the Cu-deficiency cases, for example, are found in organic soils (18, 19). keywords: contents; elements; log; matter; mineral; soils; trace; trace elements cache: afs-71587.pdf plain text: afs-71587.txt item: #1077 of 2310 id: afs-71588 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the humification of the peat in cultivated Sphagnum bogs date: 1962 words: 1042 flesch: 50 summary: As the mobilization of nitrogen is quite minimal in Sphagnum peat, which is the reason why nitrogen fertilization occupies a key position in the cultivation of Sphagnum bogs, for instance, it is to be expected that nitrogen fertilization also has its significance Fertilization Volume weight Increment PK 0.262 NPK 0.288 +0.026 2NPK 0.288 +0.026 3NPK 0.316 +0.054 F-value 5.39* The results of the investigation presented in the accompanying table reveal that the volume weight of the ash-free, dry peat was higher in the treatments with nitrogen fertilization than in the PK treatment. keywords: peat; volume; weight cache: afs-71588.pdf plain text: afs-71588.txt item: #1078 of 2310 id: afs-71589 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: The pH-reaction of the peat in long-term soil improvement and fertilizing trials at the Leteensuo experimental station date: 1962 words: 4496 flesch: 69 summary: pH Change from the K plot 0 K PK t value 2PK t value 3PK t value pH (H2O) 4.50 4.49 0.09 1.32 0.18 2.12 0.15 1.73 pH (KCI) 4.15 4.15 0.10 0.17 0.14 pH (CaCl2 ) 3.97 3.97 0.07 0.16 0.13 Phosphorus and potassium fertilization. With farmyard manure Without farmyard manure pH t value Artificial pH t value fertilizer , ....fertilizer PK pH (H 2O) 5.08 - PK 4,89 - 3NPK Change 0.23 3.45* NPK 0.12 2.02 6NPK 0.36 4.12* 2NPK 0.19 10.07*** 9NPK 0.63 21.00*** 3NPK 0.34 5.59»* PK pH (KCI) 4.63 - PK 4.39 - 3NPK Change 0.23 3.07* NPK 0.12 3.38* 6NPK 0.34 5.22** 2NPK 0.22 5.00** 9NPK 0.64 18.80*** 3NPK 0.37 B.9B*** PK pH (CaCI 2 ) 4.40 - PK 4.11 3NPK Change 0.11 1.64 NPK 0.07 1.42 6NPK 0.27 5.02** 2NPK 0.20 4.44* 9NPK 0.62 10.18*** 3NPK 0.32 4.45* 52 Table 10. keywords: hectare; layer; liming; peat; reaction; soil; sphagnum; trial; value cache: afs-71589.pdf plain text: afs-71589.txt item: #1079 of 2310 id: afs-71590 author: Paloheimo, L.; Herkola, Eine; Kero, M.-L. title: A method for cellulose determination date: 1962 words: 3888 flesch: 60 summary: For the purpose of studying the solubility of cellulose in the alkali treatment used in our method, crude cellulose preparations were made of filter paper, cotton fibre, and linen cloth. The result obtained gives the amount of crude cellulose. keywords: boiling; cellulose; crude; determination; lignin; method; pentosans; preparations; solution; water cache: afs-71590.pdf plain text: afs-71590.txt item: #1080 of 2310 id: afs-71591 author: Maijala, K.; Vainikainen, V. title: Über die Ursachen der Variation in der Dicke des Rückenspeckes an der Versuchsstation für Schweinezucht date: 1962 words: 6579 flesch: 57 summary: Gegenüber den Tabellen 3 und 4 über die Dicke des Rückenspeckes besteht in den Tabellen 5 und 6 über die Schlachtgewichte der Unterschied, dass der Anteil der Mütter an der Variation nunmehr etwas grösser als der der Väter ist. Der Anteil der Väter war etwas grösser als der der Mütter. keywords: als; anteil; auch; auf; aus; bei; bestehenden; dass; dem; den; der; des; dicke; die; für; geschlechtern; hat; innerhalb; insges; ist; korrelation; material; mütter; nicht; rückenspeckdicke; rückenspeckes; schlachtgewicht; sich; sind; tabelle; und; variation; von; väter; werden; zwischen; über cache: afs-71591.pdf plain text: afs-71591.txt item: #1081 of 2310 id: afs-71592 author: Salmi, Martti title: On the influence of geological factors upon plant nutrient content of peats date: 1963 words: 8360 flesch: 75 summary: Molybdenum occurs in peat samples from many profiles at Riivijänkä most often as 10—200 ppm of peat ash, but values less than 10 ppm are fairly frequent. According to Pääkkönen (22) antimonite has been observed in the outcrop at this site, and peat samples were taken some 10 m away from a bog by the side of a Table 7. keywords: aitoneva; ash; bog; contents; copper; elements; matter; peat; peat ash; phosphorus; ppm; samples; table; values cache: afs-71592.pdf plain text: afs-71592.txt item: #1082 of 2310 id: afs-71593 author: Kaila, Armi title: Total content of phosphorus in some Finnish soils date: 1963 words: 3195 flesch: 69 summary: Total phosphorus content in the virgin peat samples (Expressed as P mg/kg) Surface layer Deeper layers Number Number Kind of peat of Range Mean* of Range Mean* samples samples Sphagnum peat 15 220-970 600 ± 120 17 190-1180 570 ± 120 Carex-Sphagnum peat 13 360 1480 750 ± 200 21 410 1810 830 ± 190 Sphagnum- The total phosphorus content of the humus and peat soils seems to be rela- tively high, but attention must be paid to the fact that in these soils the weight of volume is rather low. keywords: content; peat; phosphorus; phosphorus content; ppm; soils cache: afs-71593.pdf plain text: afs-71593.txt item: #1083 of 2310 id: afs-71594 author: Varis, Eero; Manneri, Matti title: The effect of the morphological properties of the ear on the susceptibility of winter wheat to sprouting in the ear date: 1963 words: 3152 flesch: 71 summary: The water-retaining capacity of hairy ears was greater than that of bald ears for the relative weight increase in experiment I for hairy ears was 14.2—19.4 per cent and in experiment II 20.1—30.7 per cent greater than for bald ears. Sprouting ears in moist sand. keywords: bald; ear; ears; erect; hairy; method; nutant; sprouting; type cache: afs-71594.pdf plain text: afs-71594.txt item: #1084 of 2310 id: afs-71595 author: Kaila, Armi title: Fertilizer phosphorus in various fractions of soil phosphorus date: 1963 words: 5229 flesch: 57 summary: Then there is the question of the changes in the forms of soil phosphorus during the extraction procedure which may be quite essential when freshly applied phosphorus compounds are included. Fractionation of soil phosphorus. keywords: acid; fertilizer phosphorus; fraction; phosphate; phosphorus; sample; sample c; soil; soil phosphorus cache: afs-71595.pdf plain text: afs-71595.txt item: #1085 of 2310 id: afs-71596 author: Manner, Rolf title: Heterosis in red clover date: 1963 words: 3773 flesch: 69 summary: Material and methods The present author found it of practical interest for plant breeding and plant husbandry to undertake experiments to explore the practical possibilities of making bulk crosses and mixtures between red clover strains, and of investigating the possi- bilities of obtaining practically usable strains of crosses by a breeding method for combining ability. In Table 6 are given the average results of separate bulk crosses performed with selected plants of different strains. keywords: bulk; clover; crosses; harvest; kilograms; red; strains; value; year cache: afs-71596.pdf plain text: afs-71596.txt item: #1086 of 2310 id: afs-71597 author: Häggman, Jarl; Kuusi, Taina title: Retention of the quality of blackcurrant juice in lacquered tinplate cans date: 1963 words: 4688 flesch: 70 summary: Only after storage of 9 months was there a small amount of violet precipitate attached to the walls of scratched cans maintained at 18°C. In scratched cans, the sites of scratches were progressively enlarged, although only to a minor extent. keywords: acid; cans; juice; months; storage; unscratched; values cache: afs-71597.pdf plain text: afs-71597.txt item: #1087 of 2310 id: afs-71598 author: Kaila, Armi title: Phosphorus conditions at various depths in some mineral soils date: 1963 words: 5324 flesch: 61 summary: Soil phosphorus fractions in some representative soils. Fractionation of soil phosphorus. keywords: aluminium; content; inorganic; layer; phosphorus; soils cache: afs-71598.pdf plain text: afs-71598.txt item: #1088 of 2310 id: afs-71599 author: Kossila, Vappu title: Effects of season and stage of lactation on protein bound iodine and total cholesterol in serum of dairy cows date: 1963 words: 4500 flesch: 63 summary: It is possible that parallel seasonal variations in FBI and cholesterol levels (Fig. 2) may have had a favorable influence in obtaining significant positive cor- relations between X 2 and X 3 in the above-mentioned cases. The average cholesterol level of 177 mg % one month post partum was rela- tively low in regard to milk production compared with cholesterol levels obtained at later stages of lactation. keywords: cholesterol; cows; dairy; lactation; level; milk; pbi; serum; thyroid; total cache: afs-71599.pdf plain text: afs-71599.txt item: #1089 of 2310 id: afs-71600 author: Linko, R. R.; Nikkilä, O. E. title: Behaviour of muscle protein fractions of broilers during freezing and frozen storage date: 1963 words: 6155 flesch: 62 summary: Different https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=Zook3UP2Bnmc_6zt.AsR9GB6zIC9iedrY0Dj1pQ.eOaWtspTWZ15W5zuNclL9NN4t_lRZm36hZ5MvLWk0EQGY1ZJ_6a0JGbZ2X5ZrGhjCILSbUUY5BgSkYlxTzekSSpT6YKKWeQEE2NlkwdNIDGLRGA5vXwLd_FUXM-Dg2P1U8fX7dvl6_YIF-Bl0XkK_zIPcPkOa0DLtgmLak1u1wO_gSKJryJ7JQgRFzHTQ8oR 93 authors have assumed that changes in connective tissue, dissociation of the main component of the muscle protein, actomyosin, and a rise in its solubility, an increase in the hydration of muscle proteins, or proteolysis, are responsible (for discussion, see 39). Fractionation of muscle proteins of broilers Methods. keywords: aging; broilers; changes; chicken; freezing; muscle; myosin; proteins; rigor; solubility; storage cache: afs-71600.pdf plain text: afs-71600.txt item: #1090 of 2310 id: afs-71601 author: Manner, Rolf title: Eräiden vehnälajien siemenjuurien lukumäärästä date: 1963 words: 874 flesch: 58 summary: vulgare Tavallinen vehnä 15 3.88 ±0.06 rum, T. turgidum, T. polonicum ja T. persicum) on ollut huomattavasti enemmän siemenjuuria kuin T. dicoccoides- lajissa (t=24.oo***) ja T. dicoccumissa. Suurin siemenjuurien lukumäärä on ollut diploideissa paljasjyväisissä viljelyvehnissä (Triti- cum persicum, T. durum, T. turgidum ja T. polonicum ) keywords: kuin; lukumäärä; ollut; siemenjuurien; triticum cache: afs-71601.pdf plain text: afs-71601.txt item: #1091 of 2310 id: afs-71602 author: Kaukovirta, Erkki title: Kasvua hillitsevien aineiden käytöstä krysanteemin ja joulutähden viljelyssä date: 1963 words: 5509 flesch: 69 summary: CCC ja Arno 1618, hillitsivät krysanteemin kasvua. Arno 1618 15.12. 24. 11, Phosfon D:n ja CCC:n vaikutus kukinnan alkamiseen oli vähäistä, mutta sen- sijaan keywords: 1962; amo; arno; ccc; day; eri; että; growth; kasvien; kasvua; kuin; käsittelemätön; käsittely; lehtien; oli; phosfon; phosfon d; pinching; päivä; rel; taulukko; treatment; untreated; vaikutus; viik cache: afs-71602.pdf plain text: afs-71602.txt item: #1092 of 2310 id: afs-71603 author: Ulvinen, Osmo title: Suomessa viljeltyjen ohralajikkeiden systemaattinen asema date: 1963 words: 2723 flesch: 67 summary: Eroili (5) toteaa, että 2-tahoisilla ohrilla kaunojen lapaosan koko on selvästi riippuvuussuhteessa jyvän kannan muodon ja tähkän tiheyden kanssa. Lmtm-tyypillä oli poikittainen vako, spurium-kanta päättyi suorasti ilman poikkivakoa ja falsum- kannalla oli sisäänpainunut tyvipinta. keywords: abb; convar; der; die; erectum; hybernum; jyvän; kannan; lapakon; meillä; nimitystä; nivelten; ohra; ole; ovat; parallelum; sauli; tähkän; vain; var cache: afs-71603.pdf plain text: afs-71603.txt item: #1093 of 2310 id: afs-71604 author: Manner, Rolf title: The influence of seed size on emergence of seedlings and plant development in grain crops with special reference to seeding depth date: 1963 words: 1378 flesch: 69 summary: In each pair of small seeds and large seeds both seed batches were obtained from the same cultivation lot by grading. After preliminary cleaning, the seed was graded to effect a division of each seed lot into three parts: (1) about 10 %, small seeds; (2) about 80 %, »medium large» seeds; and (3) about 10 %, large seeds. keywords: depth; seeding; seedlings; seeds; table cache: afs-71604.pdf plain text: afs-71604.txt item: #1094 of 2310 id: afs-71605 author: Mäkelä, Aarne title: Parturient and metabolic disturbances in the cow and their influence upon milk production date: 1963 words: 10667 flesch: 67 summary: 3O % from calving Older cows 55—65 % 40 —5O % <4O % 1/8 of the Heifer cows 60-70 % 45-55 % <45% ascending phase Older cows 65 —75 % 50 —6O % <5O % 1/4 of the ascending phase All cows 75—85 % 60 70 % <60% 1/2 of the ascending phase All cows 80 —9O % 65 —75 % <65 % An evaluation of moderate influence of the disturbance corresponds usually to a drop in daily milk yield of 2—4 kg in heifer cows and 3—5 kg in older cows. According to Garner (7, p. 123) parturient paresis causes large losses in milk production as a result of the decline in yield at the begin- ning phase of lactation. keywords: calving; cases; cows; curve; days; disease; effect; grass; influence; lactation; milk production; parturient; period; tetany cache: afs-71605.pdf plain text: afs-71605.txt item: #1095 of 2310 id: afs-71606 author: Kaila, Armi title: Dependence of the phosphate sorption capacity on the aluminium and iron in Finnish soils date: 1963 words: 5986 flesch: 59 summary: Soil samples, mean values and standard deviations for the groups Number AI Fe The contents of both aluminium and iron explain from 49 to 84 per cent of the variance in k, in the various groups of soil samples; for all the samples this part is only 64 per cent. keywords: aluminium; clay soils; content; iron; phosphate; samples; sand soils; silt soils; soils cache: afs-71606.pdf plain text: afs-71606.txt item: #1096 of 2310 id: afs-71607 author: Kaila, Armi title: Fractions of inorganic phosphorus in Finnish mineral soils date: 1964 words: 5920 flesch: 63 summary: Soil phosphorus fractions in some representative soils. Inorganic soil phosphorus fractions of some Ontario soils as studied using isotopic exchange and solubility criteria. keywords: clay; inorganic; loam; phosphorus; samples; sand; sand soils; soils; soluble; surface cache: afs-71607.pdf plain text: afs-71607.txt item: #1097 of 2310 id: afs-71608 author: Hoffrén, L.; Hoffrén, V.; Haaranen, S. title: The effect of iron injection at different ages on baby pig haemoglobin date: 1964 words: 2026 flesch: 67 summary: The mean weight gain in test groups during 14 days after iron injection. Day of injection Weight at Weight 14 days Weight gain. after birth injection time, after injection, kg kg kg 2 2.0 4.2 2.2 4 2.7 5.9 3.2 6 2.9 5.6 2.7 8 3.6 5.8 2.2 10 3.3 5.5 2.2 12 4.2 6.9 2.7 14 4.4 6.2 1.8 Variance analysis of the mean weight increases in test groups after injection during 14 days’ observation. The mean haemoglobin alteration before and after iron injection. keywords: age; birth; blood; days; haemoglobin; injection; iron; pigs cache: afs-71608.pdf plain text: afs-71608.txt item: #1098 of 2310 id: afs-71609 author: Raininko, Kyösti title: The pea mosaic virus at the experimental farms, Viik and Muddusniemi date: 1964 words: 2257 flesch: 70 summary: No. of plants Aver, fresh weight, g Healthy 30 10.5 Infected 9 5.6 Observations on the overwintering of virotic clover plants were made in a trial in which both healthy plants (120 in number) and virotic plants (30) were transplant- ed in an outdoor trial plot in the spring of 1960. The numbers of virotic clover plants in first-year red clover stands, summer 1960. keywords: clover; mosaic; pea; plants; red; symptoms; virus cache: afs-71609.pdf plain text: afs-71609.txt item: #1099 of 2310 id: afs-71610 author: Halkilahti, Anna-Marja title: The significance of soil microorganisms as a limiting factor in infection of clover by Sclerotinia trifoliorum erikss. at different times of the year date: 1964 words: 5491 flesch: 74 summary: The number of soil microorganisms as well as the percentage of infection of clover in petri dishes by S. trifoliorum in soil samples taken from limed and unlimed fields between April and November (total number of dishes about 190 in 1962, 144 in 1963; cf. The numbers of soil microorganisms and the amount of infection of red clover by S. trifolio- rum in soil samples in trialsperformed outdoors at a temperature of 5 10°C. 131 keywords: clover; fallow; field; infection; microorganisms; samples; soil; trifoliorum; year cache: afs-71610.pdf plain text: afs-71610.txt item: #1100 of 2310 id: afs-71611 author: Raatikainen, Mikko; Raatikainen, Terttu title: Kevätviljapeltojen ja niiden pientareiden kasveista Laihialla date: 1964 words: 9977 flesch: 65 summary: Jokilaaksoissa vallitsee savi, ja nii- den väliset kohoumat ovat moreenia tai hiekkaa. ja hiekka- maalla olevia viljelyksiä tutkimusaineistoon ei ole saatu, ja hienot hietamaat on käsitelty savimaiden kanssa yhtenä ryhmänä nimellä savimaat. keywords: arvensis; cereal; clay; cover; deschampsia; edges; eri; esiintyy; että; fields; frequency; galeopsis; jälkeen; kevätviljan; kuin; kuitenkin; lajeja; lajien; lajit; media; mukaan; mutta; myös; niiden; nurmen; ole; olevan; ollut; ovat; peat; pelloissa; peltojen; phleum; pientareiden; pientareissa; pratense; repens; rumex; savimaalla; soil; species; spring; stand; stellaria; strips; table; tai; taulukko; trifolium; turvemaalla; vain cache: afs-71611.pdf plain text: afs-71611.txt item: #1101 of 2310 id: afs-71612 author: Kuusi, Taina title: The effect of freezing-drying, cloudiness and concentration on the keeping quality of various blackcurrant products date: 1964 words: 8004 flesch: 66 summary: Summary Experiments have been made in the development of various new black-currant products, such as cloudy juice, juice concentrate and various freeze-dried prepara- tions, along with a study of the effect of these different methods of preparation on the initial quality and storage properties. Cloudy juices The weights of the freeze-dried cloudy juice were checked as above; the find- ings have been expressed as percentages of the original weight. keywords: acid; aroma; ascorbic; ascorbic acid; berries; colour; drying; freeze; juice; months; samples; storage; ° c cache: afs-71612.pdf plain text: afs-71612.txt item: #1102 of 2310 id: afs-71613 author: Hårdh, J. E. title: Mustaherukan C-vitamiinipitoisuuteen vaikuttavista tekijöistä date: 1964 words: 2666 flesch: 59 summary: Tämä johtunee mustaherukalla osittain siitä, että marjojen C-vitamiinipitoisuus alenee nopeasti marjojen kypsymisen edistyessä ja että on vaikeata saada marjanäytteitä, jotka kypsyysasteeltaan tarkoin vastaisivat toisiaan. Monissa hedelmissä ja marjoissa, kuten omenassa, mansikassa, tomaatissa ja ruusunmarjassa lisääntyy C-vitamiinipitoisuus hedelmän kypsyessä (5, 8,9, 10). keywords: berries; black; brödtorp; content; eri; että; kuin; marjojen; mean; mustaherukan; oli; sekä; vaikutusta; vitamiinipitoisuus; vitamin; vuonna; vuosina cache: afs-71613.pdf plain text: afs-71613.txt item: #1103 of 2310 id: afs-71614 author: Stählin, A. title: Neuere Futterpflanzen in der Deutschen Futterproduktion date: 1964 words: 7238 flesch: 59 summary: Wir kennen von ihm 3 Typen, eine frühblühende und rein generative Form, die in Portugal Interesse gefunden hat und von der Alkaloidgehalt und mit geringer Platzneigung der Hülsen erwartet werden; sie sind von der mittelamerikanischen kleinkörnigen Ausdauernden Lupine, Lupinus perennis, und der genannten westamerikanischen Waldkultur- pflanze, L. polyphyllus, bereits bekannt (11). keywords: aber; alexandriner; als; anbau; arten; auch; auf; aus; bei; bis; bisher; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; deutschland; die; dieser; durch; eine; formen; futterpflanzen; für; giessen; gruppe; hat; ist; jahren; kann; klee; können; mehr; mit; mitteleuropa; muss; nach; neuen; nicht; noch; nur; oder; sehr; sich; sie; sind; sorten; trifolium; und; von; vor; wegen; weil; werden; wie; wird; zum; zur; züchtung; über cache: afs-71614.pdf plain text: afs-71614.txt item: #1104 of 2310 id: afs-71615 author: Stählin, A. title: Über die Rolle des Stickstoffs im Futterbau date: 1964 words: 4690 flesch: 51 summary: Auch soll der von den höheren Pflanzen nicht aufgenommene Floranid-Stickstoff, sobald er gelöst ist, von Mikroorganismen des Bodens in ihre Körpersubstanz eingebaut werden, und zwar so fest, dass die Freigabe an die höheren Pflanzen nicht geschieht. Es ist ausdrücklich darauf hinzuweisen, dass in der jetzigen Zeit mit ihren von der tierischen Leistung her gesteigerten Anforderungen an die pflanzliche Qualität die Rohfaserwerte nicht mehr genug über den Futter- wert aussagen. keywords: aber; als; auch; auf; bei; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; durch; düngung; eine; floranid; futterpflanzen; für; ist; können; mehr; mit; nach; nicht; noch; nur; sehr; sind; stickstoff; und; von; vor; war; wenn; werden; wird; wirkung; über cache: afs-71615.pdf plain text: afs-71615.txt item: #1105 of 2310 id: afs-71616 author: Pessi, Yrjö title: Points to be considered in the establishment of long-term field trials date: 1964 words: 1838 flesch: 62 summary: The ash contents (per cent), of the tilled layers in soil improvement tests, after cultivation during 37 and 28 years (test No. 1 and No. 2, respectively). Since the soil improvement treatments in test No. 2 were applied by test plots, all plots which received no mineral soil addition are only 6.67 m in length in the direction in which the tilling machines moved. keywords: area; ash; peat; soil; test cache: afs-71616.pdf plain text: afs-71616.txt item: #1106 of 2310 id: afs-71617 author: Westermarck, N. title: Human aspects on the re-organization and reallocation of resources on family farms date: 1964 words: 4267 flesch: 49 summary: Later adopters can observe the results of new farm practices on other farms and may not require this ability to deal with abstractions. The farmer innovator further refines, modifies and perfects new farm ideas after their original development by others. keywords: ability; adoption; farmers; farming; farms; finland; knowledge; labour; level; production cache: afs-71617.pdf plain text: afs-71617.txt item: #1107 of 2310 id: afs-71618 author: Kaila, Armi title: Forms of newly retained phosphorus in mineral soils date: 1964 words: 5545 flesch: 64 summary: The low acidity of some glacial clay soils of the deeper layers increases the mean pH of the groups of subsoil samples and clay soil samples. Coefficients of determination, r 2, and multiple determination, R 2, for the relation between the rations of sorbed »Al-P»/*Fe-P» and total »Al-P»/»Fe-P» with other soil properties Group of soil samples Sand an•-' »» 12.5 50°, 1 12.9 5 12.5 Cow faeces II Vacuum at 40°, 1 cm depth Oven at 65°, 1 „ 10.92.4 11.62.6 13.83.5 12.53.0 13.53.7 27.1 27.2 it » » it „ 100°, 1 5» a » u ti 28.4 26.9 33.9 177 65 °C the errors are evident particularly in respect of the lignin. Dry matter composition ofcompounds, % Drying procedure Temperature °C % of dry matter sugars crude lignin keywords: crude; drying; layer; lignin; samples; temperature; vacuum cache: afs-71768.pdf plain text: afs-71768.txt item: #1257 of 2310 id: afs-71769 author: Ellala, Anita; Vanhanen, Lasse; Kurkela, Rakel title: Pestyn perunan säilyvyys neularei'itetyssä muovissa date: 1970 words: 3663 flesch: 44 summary: Painohäviöt määritettiin 3 viikkoa varastoinnin jälkeen 22° C:ssa ja 10 °C:ssa (kokeet 2—3). Pestyn perunan säilymistä mukaisen perunan veroisena polyeteeniin pakattuna 10° C:ssa ja 22 keywords: alfa; arvostelussa; että; hiilidioksidin; jauhoinen; jauhoisuuden; kuin; maku; maun; musta; neularei’itetty; oli; olivat; perunan; pestyn; polyeteeni; potatoes; realta; rekord; sekä; ssa; varastoinnin; vesihöyryn; viikkoa; voimapaperi; vrk cache: afs-71769.pdf plain text: afs-71769.txt item: #1258 of 2310 id: afs-71770 author: Pessi, Yrjö; Ylänen, Mikko; Leskelä, Auvo; Syvälahti, Jorma title: Results of tests made with placement fertilization on the Kotkaniemi experimental farm date: 1970 words: 3537 flesch: 81 summary: » » 3 449 146 3 680 156» 4. » » » 3 526 149 3 782 16050 92.8 O 50.0 32.7 12.5 84.2 F-value of grain yields = B.67***, sx = 5.4 % Placement/broadcasting F-value = 7.30* Svenno-wheat 1967 Falling number 2312 604 100 14 82.3 34.0 3 83.7 36.6 14 82.8 36.1 10 82.8 36.8 47 81.6 34.0 2. broadcasting 2 361 309 5. » » » placement 2 931 38434 80.0 0 61.6 34.7 10.4 63.2 4.7 F-value of grain yields - 21.51***, sx = 8.4 % Placement/broadcasting F-value = 33.74* ** Otra-barley 1968 1 128 100 77.8 0 64.137.3 10.652.5 4.1 85.8 0 64.038.4 10.366.6 4.4 91.3 0 65.439.6 10.172.0 4.4 84.0 4 61.236.9 12.268.1 4.2 2. keywords: fertilizer; grain; placement; test; value cache: afs-71770.pdf plain text: afs-71770.txt item: #1259 of 2310 id: afs-71771 author: Kivi, Erkki title: Otto Valle date: 1970 words: 288 flesch: 21 summary: Professori Vallen asiantuntemusta ja tarmokkuutta käytettiin hyväksi lukuisissa tutki- muksen, maatalouden sekä myös vapaiden kansalaisjärjestöjen ja yhteiskunnan luotta- mustehtävissä. Ne vuosikymmenet, jotka Otto Valle työskenteli aktiivisena maataloustutkijana ja tut- kimustyön johtajana, olivat maamme maatalouselinkeinon suurta kehityksen, läpimurron aikaa. keywords: hän; otto; valle cache: afs-71771.pdf plain text: afs-71771.txt item: #1260 of 2310 id: afs-71772 author: Kaila, Armi; Elonen, Paavo title: Influence of irrigation and supply of available nitrogen on growth and nutrient content of spring wheat date: 1970 words: 4246 flesch: 60 summary: In the ears, there is some tend- ency to lower nitrogen content in the irrigated samples, and this is statistically significant in the samples of August 18, except when the nitrogen supply was very low. 212 The grains were not poor in phosphorus, and only with good or very good supply of nitrogen irrigation decreased this content significantly. keywords: content; irrigation; june; matter; nitrogen; nitrogen supply; samples; supply cache: afs-71772.pdf plain text: afs-71772.txt item: #1261 of 2310 id: afs-71773 author: Korkman, Johan title: Leaching of nutrients from mixed fertilizer in some Finnish soils date: 1970 words: 2112 flesch: 62 summary: In clay soils the leaching ofammoniumnitrogen and potassium is obviously quite insignificant. Soils columns used in the leaching experiment. keywords: clay; distribution; fertilizer; nitrate; nitrogen; potassium; soil cache: afs-71773.pdf plain text: afs-71773.txt item: #1262 of 2310 id: afs-71774 author: Kossila, Vappu; Lehtonen, Ulla-Riitta; Sulkinoja, Maija-Leena; Myllymaa, Ritva title: On the nature and incidence of goitre in Finnish dairy calf population date: 1970 words: 5534 flesch: 64 summary: Thyroid weight correlated very closely with Eg (.86) and fairly closely with histological activity (.37), Ea (.40), E % (.39), and C % (—.40) and to a lesser extent also with FN (—.10) and S % (.20). The data included both Ayrshires (375 55 mm. Kokeet ja tulokset Keskimääräinen ominaispaino ja ominaispainojakau- tum a. Keskimääräiset ominaispainot on esitetty taulukossa 2 ja ominaispainojakautu- mat kuvassa 3. keywords: 1964; bintje; eri; hietaisella; hietamaalla; kuin; maun; mikkeli; multavalla; oli; perunan; potato; quality; realta; ruokaperunan; tummunut; urpasavella; vaikutus; vehkalahti cache: afs-71785.pdf plain text: afs-71785.txt item: #1274 of 2310 id: afs-71786 author: Pessi, Yrjö; Ylänen, Mikko; Leskelä, Auvo; Syvälahti, Jorma title: Autumn and winter application of nitrogen fertilizers on clay soils date: 1971 words: 4984 flesch: 80 summary: 1967 1968 1969 Averages Nitrogen application time Grain yield Grain yield Grain yield kg/ha rel. (When coming into ear another 200 kg/ha calcium ammonium nitrate was given). 1967 1968 1969 Averages of Nitrogen application time Grain yield Grain yield Grain yield all years kg/ha rel. keywords: application; fertilization; fertilizer; nitrogen; spring; test cache: afs-71786.pdf plain text: afs-71786.txt item: #1275 of 2310 id: afs-71787 author: Syrjälä, Liisa title: Effect of large doses of zinc bacitracin on voluntary intake, mastication and digestibility of hay in adult ruminants date: 1971 words: 3427 flesch: 65 summary: The amounts of pure zinc bacitracin (g/day) given in the different experimental periods were as follows: period cow Nopea cow limu 1 20 25 2 28 35 3 40 50 Results and discussion Voluntary intake. Zinc Experimental Remaining Remaining Remaining Total Passing through Cow bacitracin period and on 1.0 mm on 0.5 mm on 0.1 mm 0.1 mm g/day day sieve sieve sieve sieve Nopea 0-period, day 14 5.6 12.9 30.7 49.2 50.8 » 20 1-period, day II 8.7 18.9 26.3 53.9 46.1 » 28 2-pcriod, day 7 6.1 13.6 32.4 52.1 47.9 » 40 3-period, day 3 13.3 16.0 21.7 51.0 49.0 limu 0-period, day 14 5.0 12.0 30.6 47.6 52.4 » 25 1-period, day II 5.9 16.0 27.8 49.7 50.3 » 35 2-period, day 7 keywords: bacitracin; cow; day; digestibility; faeces; hay; nopea; period; zinc cache: afs-71787.pdf plain text: afs-71787.txt item: #1276 of 2310 id: afs-71788 author: Syrjälä, Liisa title: Effects of different sucrose levels on digestibility and mastication of hay and on yield and composition of milk in dairy cow date: 1971 words: 4065 flesch: 70 summary: Percentages of water-soluble sugars in dry matter of faeces in the different experimental periods was as follows: period cow Meno cow Mutina 0 0.4 0.4 1 0.5 0.6 2 0.7 0.7 Table 3. The effect of sugar additions on the utilization of the diet is not well known and more experiments are needed in this field. keywords: cell; cow; digestibility; hay; matter; milk; period; sugar cache: afs-71788.pdf plain text: afs-71788.txt item: #1277 of 2310 id: afs-71789 author: Ettala, Elsi title: The performance testing of boars II. Phenotypic and genetic correlations date: 1971 words: 3521 flesch: 70 summary: There is a fairly close correlation between feed efficiency and testing score. On the other hand, when the boars, because of a thin fat layer, obtained many testing points, this led to high testing scores also for the slowly growing individuals. keywords: boars; fat; feed; growth; score; testing; weight cache: afs-71789.pdf plain text: afs-71789.txt item: #1278 of 2310 id: afs-71790 author: Uusisalmi, Unto title: Evaluation of carcass quality of live pigs at weights of 60 kg and 90 kg date: 1971 words: 7023 flesch: 71 summary: Relationship of live measurements and carcass characteristics of swine. The back fat can be estimated from measurements at live weights of 60 kg (R 2 = 0.53) and 90 kg (R 2 = 0.75). keywords: carcass; characteristics; dorsi; evaluation; fat; left; length; measurements; muscle; pigs; table; weight cache: afs-71790.pdf plain text: afs-71790.txt item: #1279 of 2310 id: afs-71791 author: Uusisalmi, Unto title: Ham quality and its relationship to carcass quality I. Ultrasonic and other measurements date: 1971 words: 4518 flesch: 65 summary: Cumulative Step Characteristics r R R* % 1 Specific weight of ham —0.72 0.719 51.7 2 S. o. 1., mm 0.60 0.813 66.1 3 Live weight, kg 0.36 0.840 70.5 4 Back fat (from carcass), mm 0.72 0.859 73.8 5 Specific weight of shoulder —0.68 0.877 76.8 6 Rump 12 cm left (fat on live pigs), mm 0.61 0.885 78.3 7 S. o. 1. (dropped from model), mm 0.60 0.884 78.1 8 Carcass weight, kg 0.20 0.886 78.5 9 Hams (points of live pigs) —0.16 0.890 79.1 10 Rump 12 cm left (dropped from model) 0.59 0.893 79.7 11 Carcass weight, kg 0.20 0.892 79.6 12 Wither (fat on live pigs), mm 0.52 0 894 80.0 r > 0.20 signif. Cumulative Step Characteristics r R R* % 1 M. long, dorsi, cm* 0.61 0.605 36.6 2 Carcass weight, kg 0.54 0.727 52.9 3 Back fat (from carcass), mm —0.46 0.823 67.8 4 Specific weight of ham 0.55 0.846 71.5 5 Hams (points from carcass) 0.25 0.854 73.0 6 Rump 6 cm left (fat on live pigs), mm —0.41 0.859 73.8 7 S. o. I. (from carcass), mm —0.32 0.865 74.8 r > 0.20 signif. keywords: carcass; evaluation; fat; ham; pigs; r r; weight cache: afs-71791.pdf plain text: afs-71791.txt item: #1280 of 2310 id: afs-71792 author: Uusisalmi, Unto title: Ham quality and its relationship to carcass quality II. Spesific weight and dissection analysis of the ham date: 1971 words: 3815 flesch: 70 summary: Ham most valuable part of carcass 0.67 0.62 0.68 Back most valuable part of carcass 0.67 0.76 0.65 Skin + fat of ham skin + fat of the most valuable part 0.72 0.79 0.700.72 0.79 0.70 Skin + fat of back skin + fat of the most valuable part 0.76 0.89 0.72 Meat + bone of ham meat + bone of the most valuable part 0.83 0.48 0.99 Meat + bone of back meat + bone of the most valuable part 0.66 0.52 0.690.52 0.69 Skin + fat of ham meat + bone of ham —0.14 —O.OO —0.23 Skin -f- fat of back meat -| ■ bone of back 0.06 0.04 0.07 Skin + fat component meat + bone component (of carcass) (of carcass) 0.06 0.14 0.11 146 Ham Most valuable part of the carcass skin -f- fat meat + bone skin + fat meat + bone Y, Y, Y, Y 4 Specific weight —0.79 0.33 —0.72 0.55 Puistola of the ham (X) —0.27 0.28 —0.37 0.34 Pohjanmaa —0.50 0.37 —0.46 0.30 Total The Table 1 shows that the accuracy of the scales at Pohjanmaa was not sufficient for the determination of the specific weights. at 0.1 % level H 94 06 25 o = 64 09 26 26 49 27 27 143 1 Live weight 2 Live weight 3 Skin % of ham 4 Fat % of ham 5 Skin ofham+shank, g 6 Fat of ham+shank, g 7 Fat % of ham+shank 8 Skin + fat of shoulder, g 9 Skin + fat of ham, g 10 Skin+ fat of most valuable part, g 11 Skin + fat component, 20 Meat +bone component, % of carcass % ofcarcass 12 Meat % of ham 21 Bone % ofham 13 Specific weight ofham 22 Bone of hind shank, g 14 Meat of hind shank, g 23 Bone of ham+shank, g 15 Meat of ham+ shank, g 24 Bone % of ham +shank 16 Meat % of ham+shank 25 Hind shank, g 17 Meat +bone of shoulder, g 26 Ham+ shank, g 18 Meat + bone of ham, g 27 Most valuable p27 Most valuable part of 19 Meat + bone of most carcass, g valuable part, g 28 Most valuable part, % of carcass genotypical correlation coefficients between the dissection results on the back and the most valuable part of the carcass were slightly greater than the genotypical correlation coefficients between the dissection results on the ham and the most valuable part of the carcass. keywords: bone; carcass; ham; meat; skin cache: afs-71792.pdf plain text: afs-71792.txt item: #1281 of 2310 id: afs-71793 author: Holopainen, Merimaija title: Kananmunamassan pastöroinnista ja jäädyttämisestä date: 1971 words: 4138 flesch: 52 summary: Tiivistelmä Ulkomaisten tutkimusten mukaan munamassan vatkautuvuus huononee ja vaahdon ominaisvolyymi (ml vaahtoa/g massaa) pienenee kun massaa pastöroidaan tai jäädyte- tään. Käsillä oleva kirjallisuuskatsaus ja tutkimustyö pyrkii selvittämään munamassassa pastöroinnin ja jäädyttämisen aikana tapahtuvia muutoksia, jotka vaikuttavat massan käyttöominaisuuksiin. keywords: aikana; egg; että; foam; jälkeen; kuluttua; kun; massaa; massasta; min; munamassan; määrä; ole; oli; olivat; omi; ovat; pastöroitu; raaka; sekä; sen; ssa; tai; tutkimusten; vaahdon; vrk cache: afs-71793.pdf plain text: afs-71793.txt item: #1282 of 2310 id: afs-71794 author: Westermarck, N. title: The importance of capital and labour in animal production date: 1971 words: 3779 flesch: 53 summary: At a given labour input the capital investment in relation to sales is considerably higher in milk production than in pork production, while egg production occupies an intermediate position. Technical development in animal production, as in agricultural production in general has a twofold function. keywords: animal; capital; farms; husbandry; input; investment; labour; pork; production; relation cache: afs-71794.pdf plain text: afs-71794.txt item: #1283 of 2310 id: afs-71795 author: Lallukka, Ulla title: Lajikkeen, korjuuajan ja -menetelmän vaikutus kevätvehnän itävyyteen ja itämiskypsymättömyyteen date: 1971 words: 2908 flesch: 55 summary: ja täystuleentuneena leikatussa ja vasta jälkituleentumisen jälkeen puidussa vehnässä lajikkeiden itävyyksien väliset erot olivat kohtalaisen vähäiset. Vuonna 1966 oli kasvukauden alkupuoli, kesä-heinäkuu, hyvin lämmin jakuiva, mutta sen sijaan elo-ja syyskuun lämpötilat olivat muiden koevuosien vastaavia keskilämpötiloja alhaisemmat. keywords: dormancy; että; germination; harvesting; itämiskypsymättömyys; itävyys; jälkeen; kuin; lajikkeiden; maito; myös; norröna; oli; olivat; ripening; sen; vaikutus; vuonna; vuosina; wheat cache: afs-71795.pdf plain text: afs-71795.txt item: #1284 of 2310 id: afs-71796 author: Kaila, Armi title: Effective cation-exchange capacity in Finnish mineral soils date: 1971 words: 3996 flesch: 62 summary: Results The groups of soil samples are characterized by data in Table 1. There were 100 samples of clay soils with at least 30 % of the fraction < 2 p, 42 samples of loam and silt soils, and 88 samples of sandy soils. keywords: cec; clay; content; organic; samples; soils cache: afs-71796.pdf plain text: afs-71796.txt item: #1285 of 2310 id: afs-71797 author: Henriksson, Kurt; Kallela, Kaarlo; Virtamo, Matti; Pfäffli, Pirkko title: Vapona-liuskoista haihtuvan DDVP:n myrkyllisyys date: 1971 words: 4920 flesch: 59 summary: Hieho, joka kokeen alkaessa oli seitsemän kuukauden ikäinen ja 187 kg;n painoinen, oli koehuoneessa koko tutkimuksen ajan ja on jatkuvasti laitoksella. In experiment room throughout experiment (92 days) Koehuoneessa 6 vrk 50 Vapona-liuskan 20.11.70 2 44.0 (39.0—49.0) 132.5 (128.5—137.0) 790 (786—795) väkevyydessä In experiment room6 days at concentration of 50 Vapona Strips Koehuoneessa 6 vrk 50:n ja 5 vrk 30:n 11. 12. 70 1 43.0 124.0 723 Vapona-liuskan väkevyydessä In experiment room6 days at concentration of 50 Vapona Strips and 5 days at 30 *) Ikä saapuessakeskim. 8 vrk. keywords: aikana; air; ajan; calves; days; ddvp; että; experiment; koehuoneessa; kokeen; koko; liuskojen; määrä; number; oli; olivat; pitoisuus; sen; strips; study; vapona; vasikoiden; viikon; vrk; vrk days cache: afs-71797.pdf plain text: afs-71797.txt item: #1286 of 2310 id: afs-71798 author: Varo, Mikko title: Viljo Vainikainen date: 1971 words: 288 flesch: 24 summary: Hänen tieteellinen työnsä on saanut tunnustusta myös luottamus- ja kunniatehtävin kansainvälisessä yhteistyössä. Hänen tutkimuksensa on tehty pääasiassa kvantitatiivisen genetiikan alalla ja niille on luonteenomaista paneutumi- nen käytännön kotieläintaloudelle tärkeisiin ongelmiin. keywords: hän; vainikainen; viljo cache: afs-71798.pdf plain text: afs-71798.txt item: #1287 of 2310 id: afs-71799 author: Oksanen, Erkki H. title: Peltoviljelykoneiden käytöstä, kestoiästä ja poistamissyistä date: 1971 words: 3402 flesch: 56 summary: Peltoalan ja konemallin ristiintaulukoinnista oli todettavissa, että käytettävät aurakoot suurenivat tutkimuskau- della, ja että suurilla tiloilla käytettiin suurempia auroja kuin pienillä. Muita sekalaisia syitä aina tulipaloa myö- ten esiintyi vuosina 1964 ja 1969 yhteensä kuuden koneen kohdalla. keywords: age; eri; ilmoitettiin; koneen; koneiden; koneita; kuin; käytöstä; levitin; levittimen; maatalouden; machines; myös; niittokone; oli; olivat; ploughs; spreaders; tai; tiloilla; tractor; traktorin; use; varatai; vuosina; vuotta; years; yli cache: afs-71799.pdf plain text: afs-71799.txt item: #1288 of 2310 id: afs-71800 author: Pessi, Yrjö; Syvälahti, Jorma; Leskelä, Auvo; Ylänen, Mikko title: Fertilizing experiments with anhydrous ammonia at Kotkaniemi date: 1971 words: 2676 flesch: 72 summary: On barley ammonia gave an 11 % higher yield than calcium ammonium nitrate and urea a 15 % weaker yield than calcium ammonium nitrate. In tests that were arranged at Rikkihappo Oy’s experimental farm Kotkaniemi it was established that anhydrous ammonia given in connection with spring cereal fertilization and autumn cereal earthing is equal to CAN in effect. keywords: ammonia; nitrogen; soil; test; wheat cache: afs-71800.pdf plain text: afs-71800.txt item: #1289 of 2310 id: afs-71801 author: Pehkonen, Aarne title: Arbetsbehovet och på det påverkande faktorer vid radmyllning och kombinerad radmyllning och sådd date: 1971 words: 3124 flesch: 61 summary: Genom förstoring av maskinens lädor och genom att göra lädorna sädana att de motsvarar arbetarnas normala räckvidd, kan man förbättra den för hand utförda päfyllningens arbetsprestation. 8.3316.7 1.0226.5 + o.Bo*** 10 Kombimaskiner Combine drills Antti 10.0311.0 6.599.0 7.0329.4 6.9916.9 9.017.2 9.289.0 1.2316.4 + 0.84 3 HS-MK-Gombi Juko 0.86 , 11.2 + 0.24 6 0.7026.7 + 0.85** 6 Junnila 0.8019.4 + o.9s*** 6 Nasta-Tumc Pisto 0.877.3 + 0.77 4 0.7616.1 + 0.85** 7 ') Variationskoefficient Variation coefficient vara rätt sä komplicerade och i vissa fall till sin verkan motsatta (t.ex. körhastighet och förarens ansträngning eller maskinens arbetsbredd och förmäga att svänga snabbt). keywords: arbetsbehovet; att; den; för; har; kombinerad; maskinens; med; medeltal; min; och; sädd; time; undersökningen; vid cache: afs-71801.pdf plain text: afs-71801.txt item: #1290 of 2310 id: afs-71802 author: Kurkela, Rakel; Ellala, Anita; Vanhanen, Lasse title: Kahdella eri lannoitustasolla viljeltyjen perunalajikkeiden laatu ruokaperunana date: 1971 words: 2402 flesch: 49 summary: Varhaisperunalajikkeista säilyivät 4—5 vrk tum- mumattomina Ostara, Siikli, Sirtema ja Tanja Doren ja Erstelingin säilyessä 2—3 vrk. Poikkeuksena olivat Ostara, Siikli ja Patrones, jotka olivat maultaan ja jauhoisuudeltaan moitteettomia vasta ominais- painosta > 1.085 lähtien. keywords: alfa; bintje; eri; milva; moitteettoman; oli; ostara; patrones; realta; rekord; ruokaperunan; siikli; sirtema; tanja; tombola cache: afs-71802.pdf plain text: afs-71802.txt item: #1291 of 2310 id: afs-71803 author: Oksanen, Erkki H. title: Viljankorjuun työnmenekin kehityksestä date: 1971 words: 3721 flesch: 58 summary: Kaksisuuntaisella varianssianalyysillä on selvitetty tarkemmin tilojen ja vuosien välisten vaihteluiden suuruussuhteitä. Varianssianalyyseillä ja t-testeillä on tarkasteltu muuttujista tilojen ja vuosien välisen eron voimakkuutta. keywords: arvo; eri; hours; ihmistyönmenekin; kuin; mutta; muuttujien; myös; ole; ollut; ovat; sekä; tilalla; tiloilla; tilojen; vain; vuosien; välillä; yhtälön cache: afs-71803.pdf plain text: afs-71803.txt item: #1292 of 2310 id: afs-71804 author: Uusisalmi, Unto title: Simplified dissection as an aid in carcass evaluation on the landrace and Yorkshire breeds date: 1972 words: 5509 flesch: 65 summary: Landrace {n = 119) Yorkshire (n = 77) x r R R a % x r R R J %y >) fx 2 0.740.74 55 (x 2 0.700.85 71 »)Jx2 0.81 0.81 66(x 2 0.72 0.88 77 Skin-f-fat component, g —0.16 —0.16 3 0.11 0 0 Meat+bone component, g 0.15 3 —0.07 The most valuable part of carcass, g 0.35 12 0.28 8 0.32 0.38 14 0.28 0.28 8 Skin+fat component, % of carcass 0.70 49 0.78 61 0.64 0.80 64 0.62 0.62 67 The half carcass, g 0.35 12 0.24 6 0.37 0.41 17 0.38 0.35 12 Skin+fat of shoulder+fore back, g 0.28 8 0.410.41 17 0.39 14 0.370.41 17 Skin+fat of back parts, g 0.88 76 0.90 81 0.49 0.88 77 0.51 0.90 81 0.84 71 0.410.84 71 0.86 74 0.390.86 74 Skin+fat of back parts, % of carcass J) fx2 = Skin+ fat of back. An analysis was made of the effects of carcass weight, age and sex on the most valuable part of the carcass and its components. keywords: carcass; component; dissection; ham; meat+bone; meat+bone component; percentage; r r; skin+fat; skin+fat component cache: afs-71804.pdf plain text: afs-71804.txt item: #1293 of 2310 id: afs-71805 author: Kivi, E. I.; Hovinen, S. title: Response of certain malting barley varieties to nitrogen fertilization date: 1972 words: 2910 flesch: 59 summary: The effect of nitrogen on the vegetative growth was largely the same as on the grain yield: early nitrogen treatment increased the straw length ofall the varieties (Table 5). On the generative stage of growth, nitrogen treatment had little or no retarding effect. keywords: barley; content; nitrogen; protein; treatment; varieties cache: afs-71805.pdf plain text: afs-71805.txt item: #1294 of 2310 id: afs-71806 author: Erviö, Leila-Riitta title: Growth of weeds in cereal populations date: 1972 words: 3379 flesch: 68 summary: Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the sharp decline in weed yield caused by cereal seed rate increments from 25 to 200 and 400 kg/ha. This is in accordance with earlier studies of competition between weeds and cultivated plants, which likewise have demonstrated that dense stands of cultivated crops are effective in reducing weed yields (Winifred and Brenchley 1917, Granström 1962, Nelson and Nylund 1962, Weber and Staniforth 1957, Wiese et al. 1964). keywords: cereal; effect; nitrogen; rate; seed; weeds; yield cache: afs-71806.pdf plain text: afs-71806.txt item: #1295 of 2310 id: afs-71807 author: Erviö, Leila-Riitta title: Kasvuston tiheyden ja lämpötilan vaikutus jauhosavikan (Chenopodium album L.) ja sen sadon kehittymiseen date: 1972 words: 3592 flesch: 53 summary: Juuriston paino yksilöä kohti oli fytotroneissa kasvien samalla kehitysasteella suurempi harvassa kuin tiheässä kasvustossa ja myös suurempi 12° C:n kuin 24° G:n lämpötilassa, kuten oheiset suhdeluvut jauhosavikan kukintavai- heessa osoittavat: Kasvutiheys 256 kpl/m 2 1152 „ 24° C 6 mg = 100 33 12° C 3700 1050 Satokäyrän muotoon vaikuttivat huomattavassa määrin kasvuston tiheys ja lämpötila. keywords: album; astiakoehallissa; fytotroneissa; haarojen; harvassa; jauhosavikan; kasvien; kasvustossa; kohti; kuin; kukinta; lai; lämpötila; lämpötilassa; oli; sadon; sen; ssa; taulukko; temperature; tiheässä; yksilöä cache: afs-71807.pdf plain text: afs-71807.txt item: #1296 of 2310 id: afs-71808 author: Ulvinen, Osmo title: Pomo- ja etu-ohrien tunnistaminen date: 1972 words: 2012 flesch: 73 summary: Ero on suurempi kuin muilla moni- tahoisilla lajikkeillamme, mikä on laskettava pääosaltaan sen voimakkaan 2-tahoisen perinnön ansioksi, mikä Pomolla ja Edulla on. Sivuselkäsuonet ovat Pomolla ja Edulla väkäselliset, mikä taas on lajikkei- den monitahoisten vanhempien (Pomolla Vega ja Edulla Varde) perua. keywords: der; edulla; edun; etu; fig; hyvin; jyvän; kuin; kuva; ollut; ovat; pituus; pomo; pomolla; selvästi cache: afs-71808.pdf plain text: afs-71808.txt item: #1297 of 2310 id: afs-71809 author: Syväjärvi, Jouko; Varo, Mikko title: The ram circle as a progeny testing method date: 1972 words: 3178 flesch: 67 summary: Ram circles are used to obtain progeny from sire rams on a number of differ- ent farms in order that the effect of farm on progeny may be equalized and, concurrently, the selection of mate be a random one. ijkl Variation in growth characteristics keywords: carcass; characteristics; effect; farms; lambs; progeny; variation cache: afs-71809.pdf plain text: afs-71809.txt item: #1298 of 2310 id: afs-71810 author: Elonen, Paavo; Aho, Liisa; Koivistoinen, Pekka title: Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the amino acid composition of spring wheat date: 1972 words: 2758 flesch: 63 summary: Amino acid content of foods and biological data on proteins. Amino acid compositions (%) in flour of wheat fertilized by urea (A) or ammonium nitrate limestone (B). keywords: acid; amino; content; fertilization; flour; irrigation; nitrogen; protein; wheat cache: afs-71810.pdf plain text: afs-71810.txt item: #1299 of 2310 id: afs-71811 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Korhonen, Irmeli title: Carbohydrate and acid composition of some apple varieties date: 1972 words: 1931 flesch: 69 summary: The purpose was to compare the composition of apple and berries, and at the same time to discover the difference between apple varieties. On the other hand, Norwegian authors reported titratable acid contents equal to or slightly higher than those found in the present study, and figures of the same magni- tude were also published by Wilkinson (1957, 1958) from England. keywords: acidity; acids; apples; composition; salo; varieties cache: afs-71811.pdf plain text: afs-71811.txt item: #1300 of 2310 id: afs-71812 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Suomi, Kaija title: Carbohydrate and acid composition of Finnish berries date: 1972 words: 3540 flesch: 74 summary: Whiting (1958) has studied the non-volatile acids of some berries, determining both the titratable acid and total acid content. Kuusi (1969) has published certain parameters of Finnish berries though no carbohydrate values. keywords: acid; acidity; berries; composition; content; matter; seeds; total cache: afs-71812.pdf plain text: afs-71812.txt item: #1301 of 2310 id: afs-71813 author: Seppänen, Esko title: The resistance of some potato varieties to spraing caused by tobacco rattle virus date: 1972 words: 2043 flesch: 71 summary: According to Calvert and Harrison (1966) there are 2 viruses which cause spraing in potato tubers: tobacco rattle virus (TRY) and potato mop top virus (PMTV). Assesment of spraing caused by tobacco rattle virus in potato tubers. keywords: potato; rattle; spraing; symptoms; try; tubers; van; varieties; virus cache: afs-71813.pdf plain text: afs-71813.txt item: #1302 of 2310 id: afs-71814 author: Tapio, Eeva title: The appearance of soil-borne viruses in Finnish plant nurseries date: 1972 words: 2830 flesch: 67 summary: Symptoms produced on test plants by virus isolates examined. In each column, the numerator is the number of virus isolates which infected the plant species examined, the denominator is the number of virus isolates with which the plant species was inoculated. keywords: isolates; plants; samples; soil; tnv; tobacco; virus cache: afs-71814.pdf plain text: afs-71814.txt item: #1303 of 2310 id: afs-71815 author: Seppänen, Esko title: The resistance of ten potato varieties to mechanical injury date: 1972 words: 1623 flesch: 65 summary: Further investigations on tuber damage resistance of different potato varieties. Ottaen huomioon kaikki kuvassa 1 esi- tetyt tulokset ovat Record ja Bintje kestävimmät, seuraavina ovat Jaakko ja Pito. keywords: fig; injury; record; resistance; size; tubers; varieties cache: afs-71815.pdf plain text: afs-71815.txt item: #1304 of 2310 id: afs-71816 author: Nissinen, Oiva; Salonen, Arvi title: Sclerotinia borealis -sienen merkitys nurmiheinien talvehtimisen heikentäjänä Helsingin yliopiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemessä vuosina 1950-65 I. Sääolosuhteiden vaikutus S. borealisen esiintymiseen sekä heinälajin ja -lajikkeen vaikutus nurmen talvehtimiseen date: 1972 words: 4918 flesch: 64 summary: S 1962—65 100 Koemateriaali ja tutkimusmenetelmät Vuosina 1950—65 tutkitut heinälajit ja -lajikkeet on esitetty taulukossa 1. Tämä merkitsee sitä, että S. borealis voi kasvaa ja vahingoittaa kasveja käytännöllisesti katsoen läpi koko talven. keywords: 1962—65; borealis; fescue; grass; hyvin; jamalainen; kauppas; keväällä; leys; meadow; myös; oli; olivat; ovat; piirros; stands; talvehtiminen; tammisto; taulukko; timothy; vuoden; vuosina; wintering; year cache: afs-71816.pdf plain text: afs-71816.txt item: #1305 of 2310 id: afs-71817 author: Nissinen, Oiva; Salonen, Arvi title: Sclerotinia borealis -sienen merkitys nurmiheinien talvehtimisen heikentäjänä Helsingin yliopiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemessä vuosina 1950-65 II. Viljelytekniikan vaikutus nurmen talvehtimiseen date: 1972 words: 3538 flesch: 55 summary: Seuraavassa tutkimuksessa selvitellään tärkeimpien viljelyteknillisten seikkojen mer- kitystä nurmen talvehtimiseen ja S. borealis -sienen esiintymisrunsauteen Helsingin yli- opiston koetilalla Inarin Muddusniemessä vuosina 1957—65. Elokuulla kylvetty oras jäi pieneksi ja oli altis S. borealisen tuhoille. keywords: borealis; date; effect; fertilization; kuiva; kvintotseeni; leys; nitrogen; nurmen; oli; olivat; piirros; quintozene; sowing; talvehtimiseen; vaikutus; wintering cache: afs-71817.pdf plain text: afs-71817.txt item: #1306 of 2310 id: afs-71818 author: Elonen, Paavo; Kara, Osmo; Autio, Leo title: Sowing of spring cereals in broad bands and the effect of sowing rate, rolling and irrigation on the results date: 1972 words: 4350 flesch: 75 summary: With irrigation low seeding rates resulted in fairly good yields, but the best yields were obtained when normal or high seeding rates were used. It seems that a band method with a relatively wide spacing must be considered only as a transitional stage in the development of sowing methods. keywords: barley; irrigation; plots; rate; seeding; sowing; wheat; yields cache: afs-71818.pdf plain text: afs-71818.txt item: #1307 of 2310 id: afs-71819 author: Erviö, Leila-Riitta title: Lämpötilan ja poutajakson vaikutus jauhosavikan (Chenopodium album L.) ja viljan väliseen kilpailuun date: 1972 words: 3492 flesch: 55 summary: Lämpötilan vaikutus jauhosavikan ja kauran sekä näiden sekakasvuston satoon. Tätä kaavaa käyttäen laskettiin jauhosavikan ja vehnän valtauskertoimet kokeessa 11, jossa yksilöitten kokonaislukumäärä astioissa oli yhtä suuri. keywords: album; c. album; competition; jauhosavikan; kanssa; kasvien; kauran; kokeen; kuin; kun; oats; oli; puhdas; puhtaassa; sato; sekakasvustossa; stage; stand; vehnän; weather; weight; wheat cache: afs-71819.pdf plain text: afs-71819.txt item: #1308 of 2310 id: afs-71820 author: Elonen, Paavo; Kara, Osmo title: Sprinkler irrigation on clay soils in southern Finland IV. The effect of repeated applications of water and nitrogen fertilization on spring cereals date: 1972 words: 6664 flesch: 69 summary: It therefore looks as if sprinkler irrigation reduces the protein content of wheat more drastically than that of barley. No significant interactions. 1967, wheat 1967, barley 1968, wheat 1968, barley I„ 15.412.9 17.214.9 I, 14.412.8 15.914.2 12 14.412.8 14.113.9 13 13.512.1 13.812.8 LSD 0.70.5 1.91.2 N, 13.411.6 14.613.1 N 2 15.413.7 16.014.8 LSD 0.30.2 0.40.4 D„ 14.412.7 15.214.0 Dx 14.512.6 15.414.0 LSD 0.20.2 0.30.3 In 1968 the differences in the moisture content of the cereal crops were very great, owing to late tillering, and the sprinkler irrigation had an exceedingly beneficial effect on the ripening of the grain: once sprinkled, the wheat was 5.4 3.3 %-units, and twice sprinkled, 8.3 i 3.3 %-units drier than unirrigated wheat. keywords: average; barley; effect; irrigation; nitrogen; placement; wheat; yields cache: afs-71820.pdf plain text: afs-71820.txt item: #1309 of 2310 id: afs-71821 author: Kaila, Armi title: Basic exchangeable cations in Finnish mineral soils date: 1972 words: 3341 flesch: 69 summary: The degree of saturation by basic cations is of particular importance, but also the proportions of various basic cations and their amounts in soil exert marked effect on plant nutrition and, especially, on properties of clay soils. Clay soils, especially their deeper layers appeared to be fairly rich in Mg. keywords: clay; samples; sand; soils cache: afs-71821.pdf plain text: afs-71821.txt item: #1310 of 2310 id: afs-71822 author: Suhonen, Irma title: Taimettumisalustassa olevien ravinteiden vaikutuksesta kurkun ja tomaatin sirkkataimien kehittymiseen date: 1972 words: 3206 flesch: 51 summary: Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin erilaisten ravinneliuosten, liuosten konsentraation, typen ja kaliumin vaikutusta kurkun ja tomaatin taimettumisnopeuteen ja sirkkataimen kehitty- miseen hiekka-alustalla. Taimettumisalustan käsittelyn vaikutus kurkun ja tomaatin tuorepainoon jatkokasvatuksen eri vaiheissa. keywords: cucumber; days; emergence; että; hoagland; kno; kurkun; oli; seedling; sirkkataimen; taulukko; treatment; vaikutus; vedellä; vrk; weight cache: afs-71822.pdf plain text: afs-71822.txt item: #1311 of 2310 id: afs-71823 author: Erviö, Leila-Riitta title: Lämpötilan, valaistuksen ja kasvutiheyden vaikutus jauhosavikan (Chenopodium album L.) satoon date: 1972 words: 3315 flesch: 54 summary: ja jauhosavikan (Erviö 1971) Tutkittujen lämpötilojen vaikutus jauhosavikan satoon ilmeni varsin selvänä, sillä kaikki seuraavien satojen väliset erot osoittautuivat tilastollisesti merkitseviksi: Sato/astia, suhdeluku 24° C 8 24°—14° C 16 12° C 110 I2°—7° C 100 185 Jauhosavikan kuiva-ainesato pinta-alayksiköltä nousi voimakkaan vegetatiivisen kasvun ja hitaasti tapahtuneen kehityksen vuoksi alhaisissa koelämpötiloissa moninkertaiseksi kor- keisiin verrattuna. keywords: heikossa; jauhosavikan; kasvuston; koelämpötiloissa; kuin; kun; kuva; lisääntyessä; luxin; lämpötilan; mutta; oli; ollessa; pinta; sadon; sato; tiheyden; vaikutus; valaistuksen; valaistuksessa cache: afs-71823.pdf plain text: afs-71823.txt item: #1312 of 2310 id: afs-71824 author: Suhonen, Irma title: Vihreän parsan viljely- ja lajikekoe v. 1960-71 date: 1972 words: 2261 flesch: 69 summary: Taimikasvatusta varten parsa kylvettiin avomaalle 17.5. 1960, ja se istutettiin var- sinaiselle kasvupaikalle toukokuun viimeisellä viikolla v. 1961 (lohko I) ja v. 1962 (lohko II). Parsa kylvettiin v. 1960 ja istutettiin v. 1961 ja 1962. keywords: asparagus; keskimäärin; kuin; oli; parsan; sato; sekä; taulukko; verson; vihreän cache: afs-71824.pdf plain text: afs-71824.txt item: #1313 of 2310 id: afs-71825 author: Rautapää, Jorma; Siltanen, Hilkka; Valta, Anna-Liisa; Mattinen, Veijo title: DDT, lindane and endrin in some agricultural soils in Finland date: 1972 words: 3973 flesch: 71 summary: The DDT-content (o,p’DDT + p,p’DDT + DDE) of soil samples was in average 0.73 ppm (minimum 0, maximum 2.35 ppm). As the use ofDDT, lindane and endrin has been quite common, soil samples were collected in autumn 1969 from areas where these pesticides had been used for a long time. keywords: acetone; ddt; endrin; hexane; lindane; ppm; samples; soil cache: afs-71825.pdf plain text: afs-71825.txt item: #1314 of 2310 id: afs-71826 author: Kossila, Vappu; Virtanen, Erkki; Hakatie, Hilkka; Luoma, Esko title: Hevosten karvojen kalsium-, magnesium-, natrium-, kalium-, sinkki-, rauta-, kupari- ja mangaanipitoisuuksien vaihteluista date: 1972 words: 3855 flesch: 68 summary: ja Mn- ja tuhkapitoisuuksiin. Na;n, K;n, Zn:n, Fe:n ja Cu:n kohdalla värin vaikutus ei käy Taulukosta 2 selvästi ilmi. keywords: että; hair; hevosten; hivenainepitoisuudet; horses; karvojen; kivennäisja; kuin; oli; olivat; ovat; peitinkarvojen; pitoisuus; ppm; taulukko; tutkimuksessa; väri cache: afs-71826.pdf plain text: afs-71826.txt item: #1315 of 2310 id: afs-71827 author: Kossila, Vappu; Virtanen, Erkki; Maukonen, Johanna title: Heinä-kaura dieetti ratsuhevosten energian, sulavan raakavalkuaisen sekä kivennäis- ja hivenaineiden lähteenä date: 1972 words: 4697 flesch: 72 summary: ja hivenaineiden saanti heinistä ja kauroista. ja ravinnon- saantitutkimuksia lämminverihevosilla oloissamme. keywords: aikana; heinien; hevoset; hevosilla; hevosten; kcal; keskim; keskimäärin; kokeessa; mukaan; oli; päivässä; saanti; srv; taulukko; tutkimuksessa; vastaavasti cache: afs-71827.pdf plain text: afs-71827.txt item: #1316 of 2310 id: afs-71828 author: Ryti, Ritva title: Mineraalikoostumuksen kuvastuminen kivennäismaan kalsiumin, magnesiumin ja kaliumin pitoisuudessa date: 1972 words: 2059 flesch: 64 summary: Ht Hk Mr Sand and moraine Rl9b + + +++ ++ + + 0.90 0.54 2.30 ViHk ++++ ++ + ++ ++ 1.34 0.43 2.29 R 14a ++ + ++ + ++ (+ ) 1.38 0.63 1.34 R 14b ++ + + + ++ ++ + + 1.36 0.61 1.36 Rlla ++ + + + ++ + (+ ) 1-44 0.40 1.66 Rllb ++ + ++ + ++ ++ ++ 1.55 0.58 1.69 Ra2b ++++ + +++ + + 1.20 0.19 1.98 La la ++ ++ ++ + + +++ 1.32 0.71 1.60 La lc ++ + + ++ + ++ + 1.22 1.15 2.28 -|-4-4- = runsaasti jin abundance ++ = kohtalaisesti /moderately + = niukastl/scanlilily (+ ) = hiukan tai epävarmasti /in traces or uncertainly 231 Näytteiden kokonais-Ca:n, -Mg:n ja -K;n pitoisuudet määritettiin soodasulatteesta käyttämällä Ca;n ja Mg:n määrittämiseen Viikistä, noin neliökilometrin alalta otetut kolmea eri maalajia edustavat näyt- teet Vi AS, Vi US ja Vi Hk ovat myös melko yhdenmukaiset savimineraalikoostumuk- seltaan: tosin aitosavinäytteessä kloriitti on vallitsevana, kun taas urpasavi (hiesusavien ryhmässä) sisältää vain vähän kloriittia ja kohtalaisesti biotiittia ja illiittiä. keywords: + +; + =; 14a +; 4c +; kohtalaisesti; la +; myös; rllb +; soil; tai cache: afs-71828.pdf plain text: afs-71828.txt item: #1317 of 2310 id: afs-71829 author: Varo, Mikko title: Investigations on the possibilities of reindeer breeding II date: 1972 words: 6907 flesch: 71 summary: Difference (kg) in weights of progeny Time as the parents have been graded by weight measures Birth date 0.41 0.67 Fall 1963 2.75 3.05 Spring 1964 3.52 5.40 Fall 1964 3.90 6.40 Spring 1964 4.06 5.15 The results suggest that the selection of parents according to the measures or the weights leads at least to an equally favorable change in weights of the offspring. In addition to the results from the experimental area ofAska at Pudasjärvi, information has also been obtained about the times and birth weights of calves from the experimental group of Kielajoki at Inari (see enclosed map, Figure 1) in 1964 and 1965. keywords: antlers; calves; chest; condition; differences; fall; females; spring; weight; winter cache: afs-71829.pdf plain text: afs-71829.txt item: #1318 of 2310 id: afs-71830 author: Kossila, Vappu; Tanhuanpää, Eero; Virtanen, Erkki; Luoma, Esko title: Ratsuhevosten veren hemoglobiini-, glukoosi- ja seerumin kolesteroli-, kivennäis- ja hivenainepitoisuuksista I. Erot eri ikäisten ja eri talleissa pidettyjen hevosten välillä date: 1972 words: 3833 flesch: 68 summary: ScHRYVERin ja HiNTzin (1972) mukaan runsaasti fosforia sisältävä dieetti nostaa seerumin P-tasoa, alentaa Ca-tasoa ja vähentää Ca;n ja Mg:n hyväksikäyttöä. NERTin ja TRAUTMANNin (1965) hevoselle esittämät normaaliarvot, K 17 mg % ja Na 310 mg %, keywords: arvot; hevoset; hevosilla; hevosten; kuin; levels; mutta; oli; olivat; tallin; taso; taulukko; veren; veriseerumin cache: afs-71830.pdf plain text: afs-71830.txt item: #1319 of 2310 id: afs-71831 author: Selenius, Hjalmar title: Nya rön om bladanalysens användning date: 1972 words: 3490 flesch: 72 summary: Material och metoder Sommaren 1969 insändes prov av tallbarr som är klart blägröna och av granbarr som är mörkt gulgröna tili torvforskningsinstitutet, Hyrylä, för att analyseras pä kväve och 260 kalium. Det framgär av Tabell 2, att det rädde en väsentlig skillnad i N/K förhällandet för tallbarr, 3.20, och för granbarr, 1.38. keywords: att; ccc; ett; frän; för; förhällandet; har; hos; man; med; och; prov; som; tili; vid cache: afs-71831.pdf plain text: afs-71831.txt item: #1320 of 2310 id: afs-71832 author: Valle, Otto; Äyräväinen, Kirsti; Garrison, C. S. title: Varietal changes in two Finnish alsike clover varieties grown for seed in the USA date: 1972 words: 5679 flesch: 67 summary: Total numbers of plants per seed lot in the threeyears were 256, 176 and 144, respectively. Number of seed lots, harvest year and seed yield kg/ha of Tammisto and Iso alsike clover produced in the USA. keywords: alsike; clover; lots; seed; tammisto; tons; trials; usa cache: afs-71832.pdf plain text: afs-71832.txt item: #1321 of 2310 id: afs-71833 author: Valle, Eero; Valle, Otto; Äyräväinen, Kirsti; Garrison, C. S. title: Evaluation of the characteristics and agronomic value of Finnish Tammisto meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis huds.) seed grown in the USA date: 1972 words: 8505 flesch: 58 summary: The total number of plants per seed lot tested usually varied between 160—192. No. of Prostrate No. of Prostrate seed lots plants seed lots plants Location Generation Prosser 8 74 a 1 9 74 a Shafter 10 64 a 2 12 64 a Tehachapi 10 65 a 3 7 63 a twice as high. keywords: characteristics; fescue; generation; lots; meadow; plant; production; results; seed; seed lots; seed production; shafter; trials; year cache: afs-71833.pdf plain text: afs-71833.txt item: #1322 of 2310 id: afs-71841 author: Aura, Erkki title: Effects of soil moisture on the germination and emergence of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) date: 1975 words: 23017 flesch: 65 summary: Effect of soil water potential 31 a. Arrangement of experiment 31 b. Effects of soil water potential on seedling emergence 35 4. Hunter and Erickson (1952) have studied the effects of soil water potential on the germination of sugar beet. keywords: air; atm; beet seed; beet seedling; clay soil; diffusion; effects; experiments; figure; germination; oxygen; peg; results; sand soil; seed; seed bed; seed germination; seedling emergence; soil moisture; soil seed; soil water; solution; study; sugar beet; table; value; water air; water content; water diffusivity; water intake; water potential cache: afs-71841.pdf plain text: afs-71841.txt item: #1323 of 2310 id: afs-71842 author: Pohjonen, Veli title: A dynamic model for determining the optimum cutting schedule of Italian ryegrass date: 1975 words: 21084 flesch: 70 summary: Optimization was based on a dynamic growth model which included the concepts crop growth rate, developmentrate and proper growth rate. Proper growth rate (PGR) in the 1973 measurement series, p = primary growth, s = secondary growth. keywords: -08; = yield; crop growth; curve; cutting; cutting schedule; development rate; digestibility; dry; dvs; fig; growing; growth rate; height; italian; matter yield; model; optimum; ryegrass; series; stage; sward; temperature; time; total; value cache: afs-71842.pdf plain text: afs-71842.txt item: #1324 of 2310 id: afs-71843 author: Varis, Eero title: Lannoitustavan vaikutus perunan ravinteiden saantiin ja mukuloiden kemialliseen koostumukseen date: 1975 words: 2833 flesch: 56 summary: Rivilannoitusta käytettäessä perunan typpi- määrä nousi koko kesän ja syksyllä selvästi suuremmaksi kuin muilla lan- noitustavoilla (CE). Varianssianalyysi lannoitustavan vaikutuksesta perunan ravinteiden saantiin ja mukuloiden kemialliseen koostumukseen. keywords: ainesadon; fertilizer; kasvukauden; kuiva; käytettäessä; käyttö; lannoitemäärää; magnesiumin; mukuloiden; oli; perunan; piirros; ravinteiden; syksyllä cache: afs-71843.pdf plain text: afs-71843.txt item: #1325 of 2310 id: afs-71844 author: Varis, Eero title: Potato yield and quality as a function of the plant density date: 1975 words: 3886 flesch: 76 summary: The interaction between seed size and rate was significant (BC) as were the interactions seed size X variety (BD), seed rate X variety (CD) and seed size X seed rate X variety (BCD, Fig. 1). For this reason the definition given above has been adopted, and plant density has been assessed from the capacity of seed tubers to produce stems. keywords: density; number; plant; rate; seed; size; stem; tubers; yield cache: afs-71844.pdf plain text: afs-71844.txt item: #1326 of 2310 id: afs-71845 author: Elonen, Paavo; Rinne, Sirkka-Liisa; Suomela, Hilkka title: Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and some baking quality characteristics of spring wheat date: 1975 words: 5873 flesch: 66 summary: Nitrogen fertilization slightly retarded ripening every year The falling number of grains tended to be slightly improved by irrigation (from 285 to 321, on an average), but in most trials irrigation and nitrogen fertilization had no signi- ficant influence on the falling number. Thus, irrigation decreased the zeleny value (from 64 to 53 ml), cold viscosity (from 214 to 114 seconds), water absorption (from 66.5 to 64.9 %) and the valorimeter value (from 68 to 60), while these characteristics were improved by nitrogen fertilization. keywords: content; effect; farm; fertilization; irrigation; nitrogen; protein; quality; table; trials; value; wheat cache: afs-71845.pdf plain text: afs-71845.txt item: #1327 of 2310 id: afs-71846 author: Mäkelä, Kaiho title: Occurrence of Septoria species on cereals in Finland in 1971—1973 date: 1975 words: 8465 flesch: 78 summary: The occurrence of Septoria avenue f. sp. triticea and S. nodorum on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) by localities in Finland in 1972 and 1973. The occurrence of Septoria avenae f. sp. triticea and 5. nodorum on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) by localities in Finland in 1972 and 1973. 228 Table 3. Frequency of Septoria species on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in the fields researched in 1971 1973. keywords: 1972; avenae; barley; cereals; fields; finland; fungus; leptosphaeria; nodorum; rye; septoria; species; spring; stage; wheat; winter cache: afs-71846.pdf plain text: afs-71846.txt item: #1328 of 2310 id: afs-71847 author: Mäkelä, Kaiho title: Occurrence of Helminthosporium species on cereals in Finland in 1971—1973 date: 1975 words: 12584 flesch: 76 summary: The samples Helminthosporium species, %of fields researched researched H. H. H. H. H. Helmin- Cereals Year avenae gra- teres sativum tritici- thospo- i/i , _ ,j> mineum repentis num spp. Ainakin H. gramineum, H. teres ja H. sativum ohralla sekä H. avenae kauralla ovat siksi yleisiä tautien aiheuttajia kautta maan, että niiden merkitystä ja biologiaa olisi tutkittava edelleen. keywords: barley; cent; cereals; country; fields; fig; finland; fungi; fungus; gramineum; helminthosporium; leaf; leaves; localities; oats; rye; samples; sativum; seed; species; spring; stage; teres; tritici; wheat; winter cache: afs-71847.pdf plain text: afs-71847.txt item: #1329 of 2310 id: afs-71848 author: Mäkelä, Kaiho title: Viljakasvustoissa esiintyneistä sienistä vuosina 1971—1973 date: 1975 words: 6716 flesch: 71 summary: H. grumineum ja H. teres olivat yleisempiä moni- Died, ja H. sativumia. keywords: barley; cereals; erysiphe; esiintyi; finland; graminis; helminthosporium; kauralla; kuva; maan; myös; ohralla; oli; pelloista; puccinia; rhynchosporium; rukiilla; secalis; sekä; septoria; species; sprague; ssa; tutkituista; varsinkin; vehnällä; vuosina; wheat cache: afs-71848.pdf plain text: afs-71848.txt item: #1330 of 2310 id: afs-71849 author: Varis, Eero; Juuti, Tapio title: Syysvehnän typpilannoituksen ajoittamisesta date: 1975 words: 4044 flesch: 60 summary: Wa,® > > a; S A, Lajike ��* ns *** *** * *•• *** ••• »*• Cultivar B. Koejäsen ns ns * * ns ns ns (*) (�) Treatment Zeleny-luku Sadon valkuaisen määrää ja laatua ilmaiseva Zeleny-testi tehtiin kahdesta kokeesta. Varianssianalyysi typpilannoituksen ja sen ajoittamisen vaikutuksesta syys- vehnän satoon ja sadon laatuun. keywords: application; baking; eri; eroja; että; fajersson; keväällä; kuin; merkitseviä; myös; nitrogen; oli; olivat; ollut; quality; spring; syksyllä; taulukko; tutkimuksissa; typpilannoituksen; tähk; wheat; zeleny cache: afs-71849.pdf plain text: afs-71849.txt item: #1331 of 2310 id: afs-71850 author: Pihkala, K. U. title: Economics of forest land clearing for agriculture date: 1975 words: 43874 flesch: 64 summary: It has been assumed that average study farms manage with type 2, but in the marginal calculations, where extended cultivation is assumed, the cost figures are based on type 1. The data on agricultural production 311 Some figures characterizing the land use and economic size of study farms . keywords: agriculture; alternative; area; average; calculations; capital; cases; cent; classes; costs; data; figures; finland; forest land; forestry; growth; hectare; income; interest; labour; land; land clearing; land rent; land use; method; milk; net; number; period; prices; production; products; rate; results; return; site; size; ssm; stands; study; study areas; study farms; table; timber; total; type; value; wood; years; yield cache: afs-71850.pdf plain text: afs-71850.txt item: #1332 of 2310 id: afs-71851 author: Ruohomäki, Hilkka title: Estimation of carcass characteristics in young beef cattle date: 1975 words: 21820 flesch: 78 summary: n = 205 b) Carcass quality scores and carcass weight carcass composition. n= 94 b) Carcass quality scores and carcass weight carcass composition. keywords: age; bone; carcass composition; carcass meat; carcass quality; carcass weight; correlations; cutting; experiment; fat; fore; hind; live; measurements; meat; quarters; r r; results; shanks; study; table; width; y =; year olds cache: afs-71851.pdf plain text: afs-71851.txt item: #1333 of 2310 id: afs-71852 author: Voho, Kerttu; Varo, Pertti title: Chemical and organoleptic evaluation of some Finnish apple varieties date: 1975 words: 3261 flesch: 69 summary: Several extensive studies have been made on the chemical composition of apples and apple varieties (Lopetz et al. 1958, Kochan 1968, Bradley and Brown 1969, Holfelder and Eid 1970, Mohr and Adair 1970). Processing qualities of apple varieties and selections. keywords: acid; antonovka; apple; atlas; juice; preference; storage; table; varieties; variety cache: afs-71852.pdf plain text: afs-71852.txt item: #1334 of 2310 id: afs-71853 author: Tyllinen, Hilkka; Karppanen, Eeva; Nurmi, Esko title: Chlorinated hydrocarbons in beef, cow liver and milk products and total mercury in cow liver date: 1975 words: 2813 flesch: 73 summary: Foreign beef and liver samples were obtained in connection with customs clearance of food lots coming from different countries (Table 1). Butter, cheese and milk powder samples were obtained from dairies opera- ting in different parts of Finland. keywords: ddt; liver; mercury; milk; n.d; pcb; samples; table; total cache: afs-71853.pdf plain text: afs-71853.txt item: #1335 of 2310 id: afs-71854 author: Varo, Mikko title: Nuorten porojen painon ja ruhon koostumuksen vaihtelusta talvikautena date: 1975 words: 2429 flesch: 53 summary: Koska näiden kudososien yhteismäärät näyttävät verraten yhdenmukaisilta jopa vastaavia ikäluokkia ja sukupuolia vertailtaessa, täytyy erojen syynä olla ilmeisesti luu- ja jännekudosten täysin erilainen erottelu. Valkuaisaineiden, rasvan ja tuhkan vähetessä vesipitoisuus suurenee. keywords: -69; age; carcass; differences; eri; erojen; erot; että; kuin; lihan; merkitsevyys; mituschev; month; myös; olivat; ovat; porojen; poron; rasvan; ruhon; sex; significance; slaughter cache: afs-71854.pdf plain text: afs-71854.txt item: #1336 of 2310 id: afs-71855 author: Erviö, Raimo title: Kyrönjoen vesistöalueen rikkipitoiset viljelysmaat date: 1975 words: 4243 flesch: 63 summary: Johtoluku ja pH mitattiin maa-vesisuspensiosta (til.suhde 1:2.5). Aerobisen keskikerroksen (50 —7O cm) korkeimmat keskimääräiset rikki-, rauta- ja alumiinipitoisuudet sekä korkein johtoluku ja alhaisin pH-arvo to- dettiin lieju- ja liejusaviryhmien maissa. keywords: 1973; alumiinin; arvo; että; gyttja; johtoluku; keskikerroksen; keskimääräiset; kpl; kyrönjoen; maan; maat; maiden; mg/1; myös; oli; olivat; rikin; rikkiä; samples; sekä; soil; sulphate; taulukko; todettiin; yli cache: afs-71855.pdf plain text: afs-71855.txt item: #1337 of 2310 id: afs-71856 author: Sahal, Devendra title: On the dynamics of farm size distribution in Finland date: 1975 words: 3246 flesch: 63 summary: On the dynamics of farm size distribution in Finland Devendra Sahal Abstract. 1. Introduction Studies of farm size distribution seem to be few presumably because it does not make sense to study »business concentration» in an industry char- acterized by many entrepreneurs operating under a relatively competitive market structure. keywords: data; distribution; effect; farm; firm; growth; size cache: afs-71856.pdf plain text: afs-71856.txt item: #1338 of 2310 id: afs-71857 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Suvitie, Marjatta; Näsi, Matti title: Kuivatun kanansonnan energia-, valkuais- ja kivennäisarvo märehtijöillä date: 1975 words: 2102 flesch: 60 summary: Kokeessa todettiin, että hivenaineet erittyivät lähes kokonaan ja fosfori ja kalsium pääosaltaan sonnassa. Magne- siumista erittyi virtsassa noin 45 % ja natriumista ja kaliumista 70 —75 %. keywords: arvo; diet; energia; k.a; kanansonnan; manure; oli; poultry; protein; sen; srv; sulavuus; typen cache: afs-71857.pdf plain text: afs-71857.txt item: #1339 of 2310 id: afs-71858 author: Stabel-Taucher, Ruth; Nurmi, Esko; Karppanen, Eeva title: Content fo copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and mercury in muscle, liver and kidney of Finnish cattle date: 1975 words: 4761 flesch: 72 summary: Contents of Cu, Zn, Pb. Cd. Sensijaan laskettujen metallipitoisuuksien (Zn, Pb ja Cd) välillä ei esiinnykorrelaatiota. keywords: content; kidney; liver; muscle; n.d; oulu; ppm; seinäjoki; turku cache: afs-71858.pdf plain text: afs-71858.txt item: #1340 of 2310 id: afs-71859 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Nykänen, Anneli; Sormunen, Riitta title: Nurmikasvien koostumus, pepsiini-HCI-liukoisuus ja in vitro-sulavuus eri kasvuasteilla date: 1975 words: 2551 flesch: 67 summary: Tulokset ja tarkastelu Kehityksen kulku vuonna 1973 Vuonna 1973 kevät oli hyvin suotuisa (taulukko 1), nurmikasvit olivat talvehtineet hyvin ja nurminadan ja timotein kasvu alkoi varhain ja edistyi touko—kesäkuun vaihteessa nopeasti (kuvat 1 ja 2). Koostumus muuttui vastaavasti hitaammin ja muutokset olivat varsin suoraviivaisia. keywords: composition; että; growth; hci; kuin; matter; noin; oli; pepsiini; pepsin; puna; stage; taulukko; vitro; vuonna cache: afs-71859.pdf plain text: afs-71859.txt item: #1341 of 2310 id: afs-71860 author: Erviö, Leila-Riitta title: Seossuhteen ja kylvöajankohdan vaikutus ohran ja kevätrypsin kilpailuun date: 1975 words: 2766 flesch: 60 summary: Ohraa 100 % » 75 » , kevätrypsiä 25 % » 50 » » 50 » » 25 » , » 75 » Kevätrypsiä 100 % Kasvit korjattiin neljällä kehitysasteella: ohran pensomisen alkaessa (rypsi 3—5-lehtiasteella), ohran pensoessa (rypsi kukki), ohran ollessa tähkällä (rypsin kukinta lopullaan) ja ohran ollessa tuleentunut (rypsi tuleentunut). Seossuhteen vaikutus ohran ja rypsin satoon tuleentumisvaiheessa. keywords: barley; date; kuin; leaf; lehtiaste; myöhemmin; ohraa; oli; rape; rypsin; sekakasvustossa; sowing; spring; stage; turnip; viikkoa; week cache: afs-71860.pdf plain text: afs-71860.txt item: #1342 of 2310 id: afs-71861 author: Syvälahti, J.; Ylänen, M.; Leskelä, A. title: Eräiden rikkakasvihävitteiden teho perunalla date: 1975 words: 931 flesch: 56 summary: Prometryyni ja syanatsiini eivät ole tehonneet yhtä hyvin rikkakasveihin ja satotulos on ilmeisesti tämän takia ollut epätasaisempi. Parhaiten rikkakasveihin tehoavia aineita ovat olleet linuroni ja terbutryyni, sitten prometryyni, syanatsiini ja MCPA. keywords: control; oli; perunan; rikkakasvien cache: afs-71861.pdf plain text: afs-71861.txt item: #1343 of 2310 id: afs-71862 author: Kiesvaara, Martti title: Kalapuolisäilykkeiden säilyvyys date: 1975 words: 4379 flesch: 51 summary: Tehokkaimmiksi osoittautuivat d, y ja kun taas s, $ ja a-muodoilla oli heikoin antioksidatiivinen vaikutus. Seuraavasta taulukosta käyvät ilmi eräiden aminohappojen silliöljyn hapettumista hidastavat vaiku- tukset, kun happojen pitoisuudet ovat 0.001 ja 0.01 M/l. Marcusen mukaan voi aminohapoilla olla myös primääristä antioksidatii- vista vaikutusta silloin, kun muita primäärisiä keywords: acids; aminohappojen; bakteerien; effect; ericksen; että; fish; food; herring; jälkeen; kalan; kiesvaara; koska; kuin; kun; lähinnä; marcuse; mikrobien; mikrobit; mutta; muutokset; myös; nikkilä; ovat; preserves; proteiinien; rasvojen; sekä; semi; sijaan; tai; usein; vaikutusta; varsin cache: afs-71862.pdf plain text: afs-71862.txt item: #1344 of 2310 id: afs-71863 author: Varo, Mikko; Perälä, Marjatta; Ojala, Matti; Varo, Hannu title: Experiences in the evaluation of carcass value of live pigs by ultrasonic photography date: 1975 words: 6472 flesch: 64 summary: Correlation coefficients between ultrasonic and carcass measurements of lean area. Correlation coefficients between ultrasonic and carcass measurements of lean area and amount of lean + bone in half-carcass. keywords: area; carcass; coefficients; correlation; fat; lean; measurements; ratio; table; test; thickness; total; ultrasonic; value cache: afs-71863.pdf plain text: afs-71863.txt item: #1345 of 2310 id: afs-71864 author: Soininen, Arvo M. title: Vanha maataloutemme: Maatalous ja maatalousväestö Suomessa perinnäisen maatalouden loppukaudella 1720-luvulta 1870-luvulle date: 1974 words: 158128 flesch: 39 summary: Tattari Viljalajeihin luettiin perinnäisen maatalouden loppukaudella myös tattari, jonka pähkylöitä käytettiin viljan tapaan jauhoiksi ja ryyneiksi ja sanottiin jy- viksi. Viljantuotanto ja viljaomavaraisuus 1700- ja 1800-luvuilla 186 IV. keywords: 1700ja; 1800luvun; 1851; 1855; 1860; 1860ja; 1866; 1870; 1880; 18th; 19th; agriculture; aiheutti; aikaan; aikaisemmin; aikakauden; aikana; aikana ei; aikana suomen; ainakin; ainoastaan; ajalta; ajan; ala oli; alaa; alalla; alanen; alettiin; alkaen; alkoi; alkoivat; alkupuolella ja; alle; alue oli; alueella oli; alueen; alueilla; aluksi; aluksi oli; alussa; ammatissa; annettiin; antaa; antoi; area; arvioida; asema oli; asemaan; asemassa; asia oli; average; avulla; barley; beating; burn; butter; böckerin; century; cereals; crop; cultivation; district; eastern; edelleen; edellä; edes; edistäminen oli; ehkä; ei aina; ei ennen; ei enää; ei juuri; ei kuitenkaan; ei liene; ei näytä; ei ole; ei ollut; ei suomen; ei tosin; ei vielä; eikä; eivät; eli; employment; enemmän; enemmän ja; enemmän kuin; enimmäkseen; eniten; ennen; ennen kuin; ensimmäinen; entistä; eri; ero oli; eroja; eräs; eräät; esiintyi; esitetty; eteläisellä; eteläisen; eteläsuomalaisen; etenkin; ettei; että; että itä; että kaikki; että kaskiviljelyn; että koko; että myös; että se; että suomen; että tämä; exports; farm; fields; finland; forest; gadd; grain; grotenfelt; gyldenin; halkojen; hankinta; harjoitettiin; havaita; havaittavissa; heinän; helposti; henkeä; heti; hevosten; hieman; hinnat; hinta oli; hist.tutk; hl ja; https://c-info.fi/en/info/?token=iodfayinmoqhfeqj.glqlge_-t2vvilhktw35ia.f86mpu6vtg_g4qiuesuwfvbdbkoee2rgoklqpkokbqxfagykocloeetlnqsvelduchy_7to6x5vw2kp914-ds8ljapebvuhkddj_knpmhlvslrwzhave9l6o9fjoqlhjpawlvggwwpgi3nkzzv2pjrgym0rzvegeo-ckag99; huolimatta; huomattavia; huomioon; huomiota; huuhta; hyvin; hyvinkin; hyväksi; hyvät; hämeessä; hänellä oli; hänen; iii; ilman; ilmenee; ilmi; irtaimen; isojako ja; isojako oli; isojaon; itse; ja ainakin; ja ala; ja eri; ja etelä; ja että; ja hamppu; ja heidän; ja hämeen; ja ilmeisesti; ja itä; ja jopa; ja jossa; ja kahden; ja karjalan; ja karjalassa; ja karjanjalostus; ja kauran; ja keski; ja koko; ja kolmivuoroviljelyn; ja kun; ja kuopion; ja kylvettiin; ja laatokan; ja lienee; ja liitetaul; ja lisäksi; ja lähinnä; ja maatalouden; ja meri; ja metsätalouden; ja muiden; ja muut; ja myöhemmin; ja niiden; ja niin; ja niistä; ja niittyjen; ja niityn; ja näyttää; ja ohra; ja oli; ja olivat; ja olleen; ja oulun; ja perä; ja pohjois; ja porin; ja sai; ja samalla; ja sen; ja siihen; ja siinä; ja siis; ja siten; ja sitä; ja tiedot; ja tilattomien; ja toinen; ja toisaalta; ja torpparien; ja tuli; ja tällöinkin; ja tämä; ja täten; ja usein; ja vain; ja varsinkin; ja vasta; ja vielä; ja viipurin; ja viljan; ja yhden; jaettiin; jatkui; jo ennen; johtuen; joiden; joilla oli; joita; joka jo; joka oli; joko; jokseenkin; jolloin; jopa; joskin; joskus; jossa; jossa oli; jossa se; jossain; jota ei; jotka; jotka olivat; joukossa oli; joutui; joutuivat; juuri; jäi; jäivät; jälkeen; jälkeen ja; jälkeen oli; jäänyt; kaakkois; kaikesta; kaikki; kaikkialla; kaila; kainuun; kaksivuoroviljelyn; kannalta; kanssa; karjaa oli; karjakannan; karjakanta oli; karjan; karjanhoidon; karjantuotteiden; karjatalouden; karjatalous; kartta; kaskeaminen oli; kaskessa; kaskessa ja; kaskialueen; kaskirukiin ja; kaskiviljely oli; kaskiviljelyn; kasvanut; kasvinviljelyn ja; kasvoi; kasvu ja; kasvu oli; kasvua; katovuosien; kaupunkien; kaura oli; kauran; kehityksen; kehityksestä; kehitys oli; kehitystä; kertomukset; kesanto; kesken; keski; keskimäärin; keskimääräinen; kohdalla; kohdalla oli; kohden; kohti; kohti oli; koko; koko itä; koko maan; koko maatalouden; koko suomen; kokonaan; kokonaisuudessaan; kokotilanviljelijöiden; kolme; korkeampi kuin; koska; koskevasta; kovin; kruunun; kts; kuin; kuin etelä; kuin eteläisellä; kuin itä; kuin jo; kuin koko; kuin länsi; kuin missään; kuin mitä; kuin muualla; kuin pohjois; kuin rukiin; kuin sen; kuinka; kuitenkin jo; kuitenkin sen; kuitenkin vain; kuitenkin vielä; kulutus oli; kun; kun lisäksi; kun myös; kun oli; kun se; kun suomen; kun taas; kun tämä; kun v.; kun vielä; kuten jo; kuului; kuuluivat; kuvan; kuvernöörien; kyennyt; kykeni; kylvettiin; kylvötiheys; kysymys; kytömaat; käsitti; käytettiin; käytetty; käytettävissä; käyttö oli; käytännössä; käytössä; lainkaan; lannan; lannoitus oli; laskettu; leipäviljan; lienee; lienee ollut; lienevät; liian; liikamaan; likimain; lisäksi; lisäksi myös; lisäksi oli; lisääntyi; lisääntyminen; livestock; loppukauden; loppuun; lopulta; luku; luku oli; lukujen; lukumäärä; lukumäärä oli; lukuun; luvuilla; luvulla alkoi; luvulla ja; luvulla koko; luvulla myös; luvulla niin; luvulla näyttää; luvulla oli; luvulla olivat; luvulla olleen; luvulla ollut; luvulla se; luvulla selvästi; luvulla vielä; luvulle; luvulta; luvun; luvun alkupuolella; luvun alun; luvun alussa; luvun ja; luvun jälkeen; luvun jälkipuoliskolla; luvun kuluessa; luvun loppupuolella; luvun lopulla; luvun lopun; luvun puolella; luvun puolivälissä; luvun tiedot; luvun toisella; luvussa; läheisesti; lähellä; lähemmin; lähes; lähinnä; lähteet; lähtien; länsi; lääni oli; lääni province; läänin; läänin ja; läänissä; maa oli; maahan; maanviljelysseura; maaseudulla; maassa; maata oli; maatalouden; maataloudessa; maatalous oli; maatalousväestön; maataloutta; maatilatalouden; maatilataloudessa oli; mahdolliseksi; mahdollista; mahdollisuudet; mainittu; manninen; meadows; meinander; melkein; melko; mennessä; merkitsi; merkitys oli; merkitystä; methods; metsän; metsäntuotteiden; mikkelin ja; mikä; mikä oli; milj; missä; mitään; muiden; muistitietokeräelmät; mukaan; mukaan ja; mukaan oli; mukana; muodossa; muodostui; mustialan; mutta; mutta ilmeisesti; mutta itä; mutta koko; mutta kun; mutta myös; mutta olivat; mutta sen; mutta sitä; mutta toisaalta; mutta tämä; mutta vasta; muualla suomessa; muutokset; muutoksia; muutos; muuttui; myynti oli; myöhemmin; myös itä; myös se; myös suomen; myöskään; myöten; määrin; määrin myös; määrä; määrä oli; nautakarjan; ne olivat; nelivuoroviljely; neljänneksellä; niillä; niin että; niissä; niittyalan; niittyjen; niittyjä; niittyviljelyn; niityt; nimenomaan; noin; nopeammin kuin; nopeasti; northern; nousi; näiden; näin; näistä oli; näitä; näkyy; nämä; näyttävät; näyttää; näyttää kuitenkin; näyttää olleen; oats; och; ohra oli; ohran; ojitus oli; olevan; oli; oli 1700ja; oli aikaisemmin; oli aina; oli ainakin; oli aivan; oli ehditty; oli ehtinyt; oli enemmän; oli ennen; oli ensi; oli erittäin; oli esillä; oli etupäässä; oli huomattavasti; oli ilmeisesti; oli itse; oli itä; oli jaettava; oli jatkuvasti; oli jonkin; oli kaksi; oli koko; oli kokonaan; oli kuitenkin; oli kuten; oli kyllä; oli kysymys; oli liian; oli luonnollisesti; oli luonteenomaista; oli lähinnä; oli länsi; oli mahdollista; oli myös; oli n.; oli niin; oli ollut; oli omiaan; oli ominaista; oli osittain; oli oulun; oli pakko; oli paljon; oli perinnäisen; oli pienempi; oli puutetta; oli rukiin; oli runsaasti; oli ruotsin; oli saatu; oli samalla; oli sekä; oli selvästi; oli seuran; oli siis; oli siksi; oli sitä; oli suhteellisesti; oli suunnilleen; oli suuri; oli suurimmillaan; oli tavallisesti; oli tilattoman; oli toinen; oli toisaalta; oli tosin; oli tunnettu; oli turvauduttava; oli tyypillistä; oli tällä; oli tällöin; oli tärkein; oli täten; oli usein; oli vaikea; oli vanha; oli varsin; oli varsinkin; oli vielä; oli voin; oli vv; oli vähäinen; oli vähäistä; oli vähän; oli yleensä; oli yleistä; olikin; olisi; olivat; olivat myös; olivat niin; olivat pääasiassa; olivat sen; olivat vielä; olleen; ollut vielä; oloissa; osa; osa ja; osa oli; osaksi; osalta; osan; osassa; osittain; osoittaa; ostrobothnia; osuus; osuus oli; otettiin; otettu; ottaa; ottamatta; oulun läänin; ovat; paikoin; paikoitellen; painopiste oli; paitsi; paljoakaan; paljon; paljon ja; paljon kuin; paremmin; parempi; pellava ja; pellavaa; pellon ja; pellossa; peltoalan; peltoalueella; peltoalueen; peltoja; peltojen; peltopinta; peltoviljelyn; perinnäisen; perinnäisen maatalouden; perinnäisessä; period; perunanviljelyn; perustaminen; perusteella; perustettiin; perustui; perä; pian; pidettiin; pidetty; pidettävä; pienempi kuin; pieniä; pieniä ja; pietariin; pinta; piti; pitivät; pitäjissä; pitää; pohjanmaalla; pohjanmaalla oli; pohjanmaan; pohjanmaan ja; pohjoissuomalaisen; pois; polton ja; polttopuun; population; production; products; province; puolet; puolivälin; puolivälin jälkeen; puolivälissä ja; puu oli; puun; puun ja; puuta; puutavaran; pyrittiin; pysyi; pääasiassa; pääosa; pääsi; raakapuun; rahdinajo ja; riittävästi; rotation; ruis; ruis oli; ruista; rukiin ja; runsaasti; ruotsin; ruotsin suomen; ruotsin vallan; rural; ruvettiin; rye; ryhmä; saada; saakka; saakka ja; saatavissa; saatettiin; saatiin; saattoi; saattoivat; saatu; sadon; sahapuun; sahatavaran; sahateollisuuden; sai; saimaan; saimaan ja; saivat; sama kuin; samanaikaisesti; samassa; samoin; samoin kuin; sanoa; sanottavasti; satakunnassa; sato; sato oli; savon ja; savossa ja; se alkoi; se ei; se näyttää; se oli; sekä; sekä sen; sellaisia; selvää; sen eri; sen jälkeen; sen mukaan; sen osuus; sen sijaan; sen tähden; seuduilla; seurauksena oli; siihen; siirtyi; siirtyminen; siitä; sijaan oli; siksi; silloin; sillä; sillä se; silti; sitten; sitä ei; sivukierto; sks; soininen; suhteellisen; suhteessa; sunila; suo oli; suomen; suomen ammatissatoimiva; suomen historia; suomen ja; suomen kaskialueella; suomen kaskiviljelyalue; suomen maatalouden; suomen peltoalueella; suomen talousseuran; suomen väestön; suomen välillä; suomessa; suomessa ja; suomessa myös; suomessa oli; suomi oli; suon; suorastaan; suoritettiin; suoviljelyn; suunnilleen; suureksi; suurempi; suurempi kuin; suuressa; suuresti; suuret; suuri ja; suurimmassa; suurin; suurta; svt; syytä; säilyneet; säilyneiden; säilynyt; taas oli; table; tai; tai ei; talojen; talollisten; talon; talonpoikien; talonpojat; taloudellinen; talousseura ja; tapaan; tapahtui; tapahtuneen; tapahtunut; tapauksessa; tarkasteltaessa; tarkemmin; tarkoituksena oli; tarpeen; tarve; tarvetta; tarvittiin; taulukko; taulukon; taulukossa; tavalla; tavallisesti; tavallista; tavataan; tehdä; tehtiin; teki; tekijä oli; tekivät; thousands; tiedot; tietoja; tietojen; tietojen mukaan; tilanne oli; tilannetta; tilaston; tilattoman; todellista; todeta; toimeen; toimesta; toiminnassa oli; toiminta; toiminta oli; toinen; torpan; torpparin; torppien; total; tuhatta; tuli; tullut; tulokset; tuloksia; tunnettu; tuntuu; tuntuvasti; tuotannon; tuotanto; tuotiin; tuoton; tuotto oli; turku; turun ja; tynnyriä; työtä; työvoiman; työväen; työväkeä oli; tähden; tällä; tällöin; tämä ei; tämä oli; tämän; tärkeä; tästä; tästä oli; täten; täysin; usein; useita; uudellamaalla; uudenmaan ja; uudestaan; uusi; uusien; uusimaa; vaan; vaan oli; vaasan; vaasan ja; vaati; vaihteli; vaikka; vaikuttaa; vaikuttanut; vaikutti; vaikutus; vain; vain joka; vallan; vallan aikana; valtion; vanhaa; vanhan suomen; varassa; varsinainen; varsinais; varsinkin; varsinkin kun; varten; vasta; vasta kun; vasta sen; vastaava; venäjälle; venäjän; verran; verraten; verrattain; verrattuna; verrattuna oli; vielä se; viennin; viennistä; vienti; vienti oli; vietiin; viipurin; viipurin läänin; vilja oli; viljaa; viljanvienti oli; viljeltiin; viljelty; viljelyyn; viranomaisten; voidaan; voidaan kuitenkin; voimakas; voimakkaasti; voin; voinut; voinvienti; voinvienti oli; voita ja; voitaneen; voitiin; voitu; vrt; vuoden; vuodessa; vuonna; vuonna oli; vuosikymmenen; vuosina; vuosisadan; vuoteen; vuotta; väestö ja; väestö oli; väestöstä; väestöstä oli; väestöön; vähemmän; vähemmän kuin; väheni; vähitellen; vähän; välillä; välillä oli; wirilander; wood; year; yhteensä; yhteydessä; yhtä; yhä; yksinomaan; yleisesti; yli; yritettiin; zakrevskin cache: afs-71864.pdf plain text: afs-71864.txt item: #1346 of 2310 id: afs-71865 author: Kreula, Matti title: Artturi Ilmari Virtanen 1895-1973 date: 1974 words: 1515 flesch: 24 summary: Ruokintakokeet puhdistettujen hiilihydraattien ollessa energian lähteinä ja urean ja ammoniumsuolojen typpilähteinä aloitettiin v. 1961. Virtasen väitöskirjatyö oli orgaanisen kemian alalta, mutta aloitettuaan kemistinä Valio Meijerien Keskusosuusliikkeen laboratoriossa hän opiskeli fysikaalista kemiaa, mikrobiologiaa ja entsyymikemiaa Zurichissä ja Tuk- holmassa saaden tällä tavoin biokemiallisen koulutuksen. keywords: deutsche; että; fiir; gesellschaft; hän; hänen; kannalta; kultainen; myös; oli; ovat; ruotsi; sekä; seura; suomen; virtanen; yliopiston cache: afs-71865.pdf plain text: afs-71865.txt item: #1347 of 2310 id: afs-71866 author: Mäki, Antti title: Rurik Jonatan Pihkala 1885-1973 date: 1974 words: 1357 flesch: 37 summary: Rurik Pihkalan oppilaat ja hänen kanssaan yhteistyössä olleet tulevat aina arvostamaan hänen ominaisuuksiaan opettajana sekä tutkimustyön innoit- tajana, tukijana ja ohjaajana. Väitöskirjatyönsä jälkeen ja osittain jo sen ohella Rurik Pihkalan tutki- mustyö kohdistui voimakkaasti kotieläintalouteen, jota hän aina oli innok- kaasti harrastanut. keywords: erityisesti; että; helsingin; hän; hänen; joutui; maanviljelystalouden; maatalouden; myös; oli; pihkala; professori; päivänä; rurik; sekä; sen cache: afs-71866.pdf plain text: afs-71866.txt item: #1348 of 2310 id: afs-71867 author: Äyräväinen, Kirsti; Paatela, Juhani title: The effect of temperature and growth density on the development and yield of two- and multi-rowed barley varieties date: 1974 words: 6297 flesch: 66 summary: Correlations between grain yield and some factors affecting it Grain yield was most affected by total biological yield, number of culms, 1000-grain weight and number of grains per ear, all of which were in a highly significant positive correlation with the grain yield (Table 1). Plants grown at the lower temperature produced much higher total biological yields and grain yields than plants grown at the higher temperature. keywords: culms; ear; fig; grain; growth; number; plant; populations; sparse; temperature; varieties; yield cache: afs-71867.pdf plain text: afs-71867.txt item: #1349 of 2310 id: afs-71868 author: Varis, Eero title: Varsien poiston ja nostoajan vaikutus Realta-perunan satoon ja mekaanisten vikojen runsauteen date: 1974 words: 2655 flesch: 65 summary: Varsien poiston ja nostoajan vaikutus tärkkelyspitoisuuteen oli merki- tyksettömän pieni. Varsien poiston ja nostoajan vaikutus tärkkelyspitoisuuteen. keywords: effects; harvest; haulm; mukuloiden; mustelmien; mutta; määrä; nostoaika; nostoajan; nostossa; oli; poistettu; poiston; sadon; time; vaikutus; varsien cache: afs-71868.pdf plain text: afs-71868.txt item: #1350 of 2310 id: afs-71869 author: Laakkonen, Eini title: Industrial feeding in Finland in 1970 date: 1974 words: 1684 flesch: 61 summary: The number of meal combinations chosen by each worker were calculated as per cent of the total. Meal combinations (per cent of replies) A = vegetables and/or fruit (potatoes excluded) B = bread made of whole grain flour C = warm dish and/or cold cuts D = milk, other milk products, cheese, ice cream, gruel 45 coffee pastries. keywords: canteens; cent; food; meal; milk; workers cache: afs-71869.pdf plain text: afs-71869.txt item: #1351 of 2310 id: afs-71870 author: Huunan-Seppälä, Antti title: Lääketieteellisiä näkökohtia hivenainetutkimuksesta date: 1974 words: 789 flesch: 35 summary: Esimerkiksi hyperkupremiaa tavataan reumassa ja hypo- x) Valmisteltu puheenvuoro, jonka tohtori Huunan-Seppälä piti Suomen Maataloustie- teellisen Seuran symposiumissa 11.12. 1973. Kun pääs- tään mahdollisimman tarkkaan kokonaiskuvaan eri hivenaineiden kudos- pitoisuuksista ja myös niiden aineenvaihdunnallisista ominaisuuksista, voi- daan tarkastella tuloksia kokonaisuutena yhtä aikaa muilla sektoreilla suori- tettavan (ja suoritetun) tieteellisen työn antamien tulosten kanssa. keywords: elements; eri; hivenaineen; myös; niiden; tai; trace cache: afs-71870.pdf plain text: afs-71870.txt item: #1352 of 2310 id: afs-71871 author: Maijala, Kalle title: Mitä mahdollisuuksia on jalostuksella vaikuttaa maidon koostumukseen ja ravintoarvoon? date: 1974 words: 3553 flesch: 61 summary: Valkuaistuo- tosten vuorosuhteet kaikkiin väkevyyksiin ja myös valkuais/rasva-suhteeseen ovat myönteiset, joten valkuaismääriin perustuvan valinnan ei pitäisi johtaa väkevyyden alenemiseen. Rasva-%:n hajonta on n. 1.7 kertaa niin suuri kuin valkuais-%:n ja noin 2-kertainen sokeripitoisuuden tai kaseiinipitoisuuden vaihteluun verrattuna. keywords: ainesosien; contents; eri; että; kuiva; luku; maidon; milk; ovat; pitoisuuksien; rasva; sekä; snf-%; table; valkuais; yield cache: afs-71871.pdf plain text: afs-71871.txt item: #1353 of 2310 id: afs-71872 author: Varis, Eero title: Kasvuolojen ja lannoituksen vaikutus siemenperunan sadontuottokykyyn ja sadon laatuun date: 1974 words: 5032 flesch: 63 summary: Maalajin vaikutus siemenperunan sadontuottokykyyn ja sadon laatuun. Mg-lannoituksen vaikutus siemenperunan sadontuottokykyyn ja sadon laatuun. keywords: capacity; content; crop; effects; laatuun; lannoituksen; lannoitus; mukuloita; myös; ns ns; oli; potatoes; quality; sadon; sadontuottokykyyn; seed; siemenperunan; starch; table; taulukko; tubers; vaikutus; vuosi; year; yield cache: afs-71872.pdf plain text: afs-71872.txt item: #1354 of 2310 id: afs-71873 author: Varis, Eero; Lannetta, Ilmo title: Istutuksen tasaisuuden merkitys perunan tuotannossa date: 1974 words: 1798 flesch: 52 summary: Epätasaisessa kas- vustossa nimittäin normaali positiivinen korrelaatio mukulakoon ja ominais- painon välillä murtuu, sillä suurista mukuloista suurin osa kasvaa kasvuston harvoissa paikoissa, missä niiden ominaispaino jää suhteellisen matalaksi. Jar vis ja Palmer 1973). keywords: distribution; effects; että; istutuksen; method; oli; planting; potato; systemaattisesti; tasainen; tasaisuuden; taulukko; vaihteleva; yield cache: afs-71873.pdf plain text: afs-71873.txt item: #1355 of 2310 id: afs-71874 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta title: Sokerijuurikkaan naatit ja niistä valmistettu säilörehu: I. Koostumus ja rehuarvo  date: 1974 words: 3059 flesch: 67 summary: Ero naattien ja naattisäilörehun ja myös eri säilöntäkerrosten säi- lörehujen välillä oli tilastollisesti merkitsevä (P<0.01). Sokerijuurikkaan naattien ja naattisäilörehun in vitro-sulavuus, % Table 3. keywords: beet; k.a; kuiva; matter; naattien; naattisäilörehun; oli; silages; silo; sugar; tops; vitro cache: afs-71874.pdf plain text: afs-71874.txt item: #1356 of 2310 id: afs-71875 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta title: Sokerijuurikkaan naatit ja niistä valmistettu säilörehu: II. Koostumus ja rehuarvo  date: 1974 words: 2223 flesch: 68 summary: Säilönnän aikana makrokivennäisiä hävisi keskimäärin 30 —5O % ja hävikit olivat jälleen suurim- mat alimmissa säilöntäkerroksissa. ja vaihtelurajat 45 m:n tornisiiloissa. keywords: ainetta; beet; että; kuiva; matter; naattien; newspaper; oli; vitro cache: afs-71875.pdf plain text: afs-71875.txt item: #1357 of 2310 id: afs-71876 author: Mäkelä, Kaiho title: Occurrence of Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) J.J. Davis on spring barley and winter rye in Finland date: 1974 words: 4805 flesch: 79 summary: J. J. Davis on spring barley and winter rye in Finland Kaiho Mäkelä University of Helsinki, Department of Plant Pathology Received April 18. J. J. Davis occurring on spring barley, winter rye and couch grass (Agropyron repens (L.) PB) in Finland. keywords: barley; country; fields; finland; fungus; leaf; rhynchosporium; rye; samples; secalis; spots; spring; winter cache: afs-71876.pdf plain text: afs-71876.txt item: #1358 of 2310 id: afs-71877 author: Kossila, Vappu title: Ruokinnan vaikutus maidon koostumukseen ja ravintoarvoon date: 1974 words: 2301 flesch: 50 summary: Pötsin haihtuvien rasvahappojen välisiä suhteita voidaan muuttaa ruokinnal- lisin keinoin antamalla lehmälle esimerkiksi vähemmän heiniä ja enemmän väkirehua tai pelletöimällä tai jauhamalla korsirehu, jolloin pötsin etikkahappo- tuotannon suhde propionihappotuotantoon pienenee ja maidon rasvaprosentti alenee. Ruohot sisältävät runsaasti ja viljat kohtalaisen runsaasti tokoferolia. keywords: 1971; antamalla; cow; dairy; että; kuin; lehmälle; lehmän; maidon; maidossa; milk; myös; sci; tai; vaikuttaa; voidaan cache: afs-71877.pdf plain text: afs-71877.txt item: #1359 of 2310 id: afs-71878 author: Kettunen, Lauri title: Maataloustuotannon ennakointi date: 1974 words: 2128 flesch: 39 summary: Periaatteessa malliin kuuluu paljon erilaisia tekijöitä, jotka säätelevät ja rajoittavat tuotantoa, ja siten mallien rakentaminen on vaivalloinen ja vaativa tehtävä. Tyypillinen esimerkki on lihan tuotannon ja kulutuksen ja tarvittavan ulko- maankaupan (viennin tai tuonnin) ennusteet tavoitehintatason ylläpitämiseksi tai saavuttamiseksi. keywords: aikavälin; aina; ajan; ennusteiden; ennusteita; esimerkiksi; että; kehitys; kuin; kuitenkin; lyhyen; maatalouden; mukaan; mutta; myös; niiden; ole; ovat; pitkän; production; tai; tuotannon; voidaan cache: afs-71878.pdf plain text: afs-71878.txt item: #1360 of 2310 id: afs-71879 author: Kivinen, Erkki title: Martti Salonen date: 1974 words: 1587 flesch: 32 summary: Myös maan fysikaaliset tutkimusmenetelmät ovat kehittyneet ja tehostuneet, joten lähitulevaisuudessa on mahdol- lista entistä tarkemmin seurata viljelystoimenpiteiden sekä lannoituksen ja kalkituksen vaikutusta peltomaan rakenteeseen ja erityisesti kosteus- sekä ilmavuussuhteisiin. Sen jälkeen hän yksityisoppilaana suoritti keskikoulun- kurssin Paimiossa ja 1932 ylioppilastutkinnon Turun lyseossa arvosanalla laudatur. keywords: erityisesti; hän; hänen; kanssa; kasvinviljelyn; lannoitteiden; maan; maatalouden; martti; myöhemmin; myös; niiden; oli; ollut; ovat; salonen; sekä; sen cache: afs-71879.pdf plain text: afs-71879.txt item: #1361 of 2310 id: afs-71880 author: Luostarinen, Heikki title: Koetuloksia säilörehunurmien typpilannoituksesta saraturvesuolla date: 1974 words: 3819 flesch: 61 summary: Yr = 0.720 -(- 0.462 x 0.0521 x 2, missä y = raakavalkuaissato t/ha ja x = lannoitus 100 kg/ha N. Vastaava rajatuotosfunktio on yr ’ = 0.462 0.104 x, jolloin typpikilo 1,10 mk/100 kg ja raakavalkuaisen hinta 2,50 reservikaliurain vähennykset pystyivät selittämään vain runsaat puolet nurmien ottaman kaliumin kokonaisvähennyksestä, kun typpilannoitus oli 450 kg/ha N ja kalilannoitus kerta-apnoksena keväällä annettuna 100 kg/ha K (Joy ym. 1973). keywords: ensimmäisen; kaliumin; kuin; kuiva; käytettäessä; ley; mutta; myös; niitto; nitrogen; nurmi; nurmien; nurmissa; oli; ruohon; saatiin; taulukko; typpilannoituksen; vaikutus; vuoden cache: afs-71880.pdf plain text: afs-71880.txt item: #1362 of 2310 id: afs-71881 author: Paasikallio, Arja title: Uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients by oats from soils with various clay contents date: 1974 words: 4939 flesch: 69 summary: 1. Relations between the adsorption and extraction of phosphorus and manganese (y) and soil clay content (x). The effect of soil clay content on phosphorus uptake. keywords: clay; clay content; clay soils; content; effect; finesand; peat; phosphorus; plants; soil; uptake cache: afs-71881.pdf plain text: afs-71881.txt item: #1363 of 2310 id: afs-71882 author: Persson, Jan title: Humusbalans i odlad jord date: 1974 words: 5112 flesch: 62 summary: Vidare har urvalet av arealer begränsats av att vissa delar bebyggts sedan den första provtagningen gjordes pä 1930-talet. Detta beror pä att de uttagna proverna blir mycket heterogena pä grund av att rötter frän den tätä växtligheten kommer med i provet. keywords: att; bäda; carbon; content; del; delen; den; denna; dessa; det; detta; frän; för; första; hammarby; har; humushalten; inte; kan; kungsängen; man; med; mellan; mycket; och; olika; prover; skifte; som; talet; tili; uituna; vid; värit cache: afs-71882.pdf plain text: afs-71882.txt item: #1364 of 2310 id: afs-71883 author: Pessi, Yrjö; Syvälahti, Jorma; Saari, Esko; Ylänen, Mikko title: Mineral content of grain yield of cereals and the effect of fertilization on it date: 1974 words: 1905 flesch: 68 summary: Average contents of some minerals in spring wheat on dry weightbasis and yield when grown in clay soil at Kotkaniemi during 1971 and 1972. Average contents of some minerals in barley on dry weight basis and yield when grown in peat soil at Leteensuo during 1972. keywords: barley; cereals; content; fertilization; minerals; soil cache: afs-71883.pdf plain text: afs-71883.txt item: #1365 of 2310 id: afs-71884 author: Puustjärvi, Viljo title: Relationship between soil nurient concentration and plant nutrient status date: 1974 words: 1810 flesch: 61 summary: By means of a basis peat culture technique, developed in the Peat Research Institute (2), it is possible operationally to meet plant nutrient requirements. What is the relationship between available soil nutrient concentration and the plant nutritional status? keywords: efficiency; nutrient; peat; plant; soil cache: afs-71884.pdf plain text: afs-71884.txt item: #1366 of 2310 id: afs-71885 author: Sorteberg , Asbjørn title: The effect of some heavy metals on oats in a pot experiment with three different soil types date: 1974 words: 5527 flesch: 72 summary: Soil series and soil types CaCOa g per pot pH after harvesting A B A B I. Clay soil 5.0 25.0 5.50 6.48 V. Sphagnum peat soil . Soil series Cd Ni keywords: content; lead; liming; metal; nickel; pot; series; soil; straw; yield cache: afs-71885.pdf plain text: afs-71885.txt item: #1367 of 2310 id: afs-71886 author: Tähtinen, Hilkka title: The effect of boron fertilization on spring cereals date: 1974 words: 2753 flesch: 67 summary: The size of yield when boron was not applied did not depend significantly on the pH, calcium, phosphorus or boron content of the soils. Threshold values of boron contents in Dutch soils in relation to boron deficiency symptoms in beet (heartrot). keywords: boron; calcium; content; effect; fertilization; soils; water; yield cache: afs-71886.pdf plain text: afs-71886.txt item: #1368 of 2310 id: afs-71887 author: Uhlen, Gotfred title: The effect of calcium silicate in barley pot experiments date: 1974 words: 5061 flesch: 68 summary: Soil silicon and plant nutrition. In classical Norwegian works (Garder 1930, Seme 1943), and in a number of works referred to by Fidanovski (1968) and others, silica has increased the solubility of soil phosphorus. keywords: barley; calcium; grain; lime; percent; plant; potassium; silicate; silicon; soil; straw; table; year cache: afs-71887.pdf plain text: afs-71887.txt item: #1369 of 2310 id: afs-71888 author: Urvas, Leila; Erviö, Raimo title: Metsätyypin määräytyminen maalajin ja maaperän kemiallisten ominaisuuksien perusteella date: 1974 words: 4832 flesch: 68 summary: Eri metsätyyppien keskimääräiset ravinnearvot ja pH, Table 4. Ainoa merkittävä eroavuus on se, että sekä käenkaali- mustikkatyypin että mustikkatyypin metsissä savien osuus pinnasta pohja- maahan mentäessä kasvaa, OMT;llä 27 prosentista 46 prosenttiin ja MT:llä 3 prosentista 7 prosenttiin. keywords: cent; cit; eri; että; fenn; finesand; forest; hieta; jäkälätyypin; kerros; keskiarvot; kuin; kunkin; käenkaali; layer; metsätyypin; mg/1; mustikkatyypin; omt; ovat; samples; soil; type cache: afs-71888.pdf plain text: afs-71888.txt item: #1370 of 2310 id: afs-71889 author: Valdmaa, Kalju title: Field experiments with bark humus MoDo-Mylla date: 1974 words: 2981 flesch: 69 summary: The yield in the plots treated with bark humus increased considerably and was twice as large in treatment C as the yield in treatment A, without bark humus. 320 Field experiments with bark humus MoDo-Mylla Kalju Valdmaa The Royal Agricultural College of Sweden, S-750 07 Uppsala 7, Sweden Abstract, This preliminary 3-year field experiment with bark humus MoDo-Mylla revealed that an application of 28 tons d.m./ha of bark humus to a sandy soil in- creased the content of organic carbon by about 0.5 % and that application of 56 tons d.m./ha increased the organic content of the topsoil by about 1%. keywords: bark; expt; humus; soil; year; yield cache: afs-71889.pdf plain text: afs-71889.txt item: #1371 of 2310 id: afs-71890 author: Brummer, Veikko; Aura, Erkki title: Effect of residual nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen on sugar beet production in Finland date: 1974 words: 4464 flesch: 62 summary: The effects of fertilizer and accumulated soil nitrogen on the sugar beet quality together with som other experimental data have been statistically analysed. Soil nitrate nitrogen levels as an index of nitrogen fertilizer needs of sugarbeets. keywords: 1973; available; beet; fertilizer; nitrate; nitrogen; soil; sugar; tops; topsoil cache: afs-71890.pdf plain text: afs-71890.txt item: #1372 of 2310 id: afs-71891 author: Varis, Eero; Lannetta, Ilmo title: Lannoitustavan vaikutus perunasadon kehittymiseen ja sadon laatuun date: 1974 words: 2881 flesch: 54 summary: Sadon kokojakautuma (%), alle 40 mm, 40 —55 mm ja yli 55 mm. ns Lehdistön paino Lisätty lannoitus aiheutti lehdistön rehevämmän kasvun (keskimäärin 270 ja 306 g). keywords: application; effects; fertilization; lannoitemäärää; lannoitteiden; lannoituksen; method; mukuloiden; myös; määrän; oli; piirros; rate; rivimultaus; sadon; tuber; vaikutus; yield; yklv; � � cache: afs-71891.pdf plain text: afs-71891.txt item: #1373 of 2310 id: afs-71892 author: Toimittaja, Toimittaja title: Professori Martti Salosen julkaisuja 1939—1973 date: 1974 words: 1881 flesch: 55 summary: ja Käyt. ja Käyt. keywords: agric; fenn; ja koetoim; ja käyt; koetoim; käyt; salonen; summary cache: afs-71892.pdf plain text: afs-71892.txt item: #1374 of 2310 id: afs-71893 author: Jaakkola, Antti title: Effect of soil moisture on the ability of Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) to reduce an injurious content of nitrate nitrogen in soil date: 1974 words: 4334 flesch: 66 summary: The amounts of mobilized and immobilized nitrogen (Table 5) have been calculated by subtraction of mineral nitrogen at the beginning from the sum of soil mineral nitrogen and total nitrogen taken up by plant at the end of the experiment. Nitrate nitrogen contents Table 3. keywords: content; cutting; level; moisture; moisture level; nitrate; nitrogen; nitrogen content; plant; soil cache: afs-71893.pdf plain text: afs-71893.txt item: #1375 of 2310 id: afs-71894 author: Kaila, Armi title: Effect of liming on basic exchangeable cations of soil date: 1974 words: 3563 flesch: 66 summary: Essential differences apparently exist between the mechanisms of the retention of Mg and K induced by liming: Significantly lower amounts of Mg was extracted by 0.5 HCI from the limed samples of the heavy clay and muddy clay soil than from the original ones, while the contrary was true with K. The mechanisms connected with the Mg fixation were discussed. Extraction with 0.5 N HCI was employed in order to get some more informa- tion about the effect of liming on the release or fixation of Mg, K, and Na. Results in Table 3 indicate that these acid soluble quantities are higher than the corresponding amounts of exchangeable form, though those of Na in sand and muddy clay soils are not much higher. keywords: clay; liming; samples; soil cache: afs-71894.pdf plain text: afs-71894.txt item: #1376 of 2310 id: afs-71895 author: Kara, Osmo; Räisänen, Lassi title: Sijoituslannoituksen kehityksestä ja tutkimustoiminnasta Suomessa date: 1974 words: 2712 flesch: 54 summary: Merkillepantavaa on se ripeys, millä kotimainen teollisuus on käyttänyt hyväkseen tutkimustulokset ja vai- Elonen ja Kara 1972). keywords: agric; drills; elonen; että; fertilizer; finl; joukkoon; kara; kokeissa; lannoitteen; maassamme; myös; oli; ovat; placement; seed; sijoituslannoitus; soc; vaikutus cache: afs-71895.pdf plain text: afs-71895.txt item: #1377 of 2310 id: afs-71896 author: Keränen, Tuomas title: Tuloksia eri suuruisten kalkkimäärien kokeista kiinteillä koekentillä vuoteen 1972 saakka date: 1974 words: 3522 flesch: 69 summary: Koska kokeita, joissa kalkitus oli alle 4 tai yli 8 tn/ha, oli vähän, on tau- lukkoon 3 laskettu maalajeittain ilman kalkitusta saadut sadot ja vain maini- tuilla kalkkimääiillä saadut sadonlisäykset. Se edustaa vastaavasti 139 ja 182 koesatoa. keywords: että; experiments; fertilization; increase; kalkituksella; kuin; liming; mean; oli; sadonlisäys; sekä; soils; yield cache: afs-71896.pdf plain text: afs-71896.txt item: #1378 of 2310 id: afs-71897 author: Kivisaari, Simo; Elonen, Paavo title: Irrigation as a method of preventing detrimental late tillering of barley date: 1974 words: 5290 flesch: 72 summary: Grain yields (moisture 15 %). Grain yield of sheaves, g/m2. keywords: barley; ears; effect; grain; irrigation; number; plants; tillering; yield cache: afs-71897.pdf plain text: afs-71897.txt item: #1379 of 2310 id: afs-71898 author: Kurki, Martti title: Suomen viljelysmaiden sinkkipitoisuudesta date: 1974 words: 1674 flesch: 64 summary: Tutkimuksen suoritus ja menetelmät Vuosina 1971 1973 sinkkimäärityksiä tehtiin 629 maanäytteestä, jotka edustavat eri maalajeja ja Suomen eri osia. Kuitenkin on todettu, että vaihtuva sinkki korreloituu melko hyvin kokonaissinkin kanssa ja tämän vuoksi Suomessa viljavuustutkimuksen yhteydessä käytetty menetelmä puolustaneekin paik- kaansa. keywords: content; eri; helsinki; kuin; ovat; peat; pitoisuudet; pitoisuus; sen; sinkin; sinkkipitoisuus; soils; zinc cache: afs-71898.pdf plain text: afs-71898.txt item: #1380 of 2310 id: afs-71899 author: Kähäri, Jorma title: Lietelannan kasvinravinnepitosuuksista date: 1974 words: 1506 flesch: 56 summary: Naudan ja sian lietelannan pH-arvot, vesi- ja ravinnepitoisuudet. Sian ja naudan lietelannan pH-arvot ja vesipitoisuudet olivat keskimäärin lähes samansuuruiset. keywords: cattle; contents; lietelannan; lietelannassa; manure; naudan; pig; sian cache: afs-71899.pdf plain text: afs-71899.txt item: #1381 of 2310 id: afs-71900 author: Weckman, Karl title: Maatalouden rakennerationalisoinnin liiketaloudellisista edellytyksistä date: 1974 words: 11102 flesch: 55 summary: Erityisesti rakennuspääomaa ja myöskin pelto- ja perusparannuspääomaa tar- 373 vitaan paljon. Torvela (1972) on kirjanpidon pohjalta tutkinut erisuuruisten yritysten ja eri tuotantosuuntien kannatta- vuutta. keywords: aikana; ainoastaan; alternative; arvot; avulla; capital; carlo; eri; että; farm; fig; grain; huomioon; jotka; keskik; kohti; koko; korkea; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; kuvio; käytetty; käytettävissä; käytännössä; level level; luonnollisesti; lähinnä; maataloudessa; malleissa; medium; monte; mukaan; mutta; myös; myöskin; niin; ole; olisi; ollut; osoittaa; osuus; ovat; paljon; pellon; perusteella; production; pääoman; sekä; suhteellisen; suurempi; table; tai; taso; tasolla; taulukko; tavalla; techn; tekn; tutkimuksen; tutkimuksessa; työansio; tällä; tällöin; tämän; tässä; varten; voidaan; voitu; vuotuiset; yhteydessä; yrityksen; yritysten cache: afs-71900.pdf plain text: afs-71900.txt item: #1382 of 2310 id: afs-71901 author: Ettala, Elsi title: Correspondence between phenotype tests of boars and progeny evaluations made on boars and barrows date: 1976 words: 4596 flesch: 73 summary: Group I Group II Group 111 Characteristics Range Sires Range Sires Range Sires Meat + bone, g boars 16 367-15 596 1, 2,10, 4, 3 15 579-15 005 9,12, 6, 5,11 14 921-14 702 13,14, 7,15, 8 barrows 15 174-14 510 1,4, 2,10, 9 14 479-14 119 6,12, 5,14,11 14 103-12 841 3,13, 7,15, 8 Fat + skin, g boars 4 194 -4606 3,5, 1,12, 2 4 682-4946 10, 9, 7,13, 4 4 989 - 5 298 15, 6, 8,14,11 barrows 5 029- 5 471 5. 3,12, 4, 2 5 577- 5 823 1,10, 9, 6,14 5 858- 6 384 7,13,11, 8,15 Meat + bone, % of carcass boars 49,3-47,3 1,2, 11, 10, 9 47,0-45,8 4, 3. 12, 5, 6 45,5-44,9 13. 14, 7. 15, 8 barrows 46,1-44,3 1,4, 2,10, 5 44,2-43,3 9,12, 6, 3,14 43,3-39,8 11,13, 7,15, 8 Fat + skin, % of carcass boars 12,7-13,9 3, 5, 1, 2,12 14,2-15,1 10, 9, 7. 4,13 15,2-16,8 15. 6 8,14,11 barrows 15,4-16,7 5. 12, 3,2, 4 16,9-17,8 1, 10, 9, 6, 14 18,1-19,6 13, 7, 11, 8, 15 Fat : meat boars 0,27-0,30 3, 1, 5, 2, 10 0,30-0,33 12, 9,4, 7, 13 0,34-0,36 6, 15, 14. 11. 8 barrows 0,35-0,38 5, 1, 4, 2, 12 0,38-0,41 3, 10, 9, 6, 14 0,43-0,48 11, 13, 7, 8, 15 Carcass score boars 629-604 2, 3, 12, 10, 1 602-567 9, 5. 4, 6, 11 544-518 13, 7, 15, 8, 14 barrows 545-523 5, 10, 4, 1, 12 519-489 6,2, 9. 3, 11 475-404 13, 7. 14. 15, 8 Growth boars 861-781 3,11, 8,10, 6 777-734 1, 2,13, 4,5, 731-672 7, 9,15,12,14 barrows 816-756 11, 3, 1, 2, 8 754-717 10, 13, 15, 4, 5 714-692 7, 12, 6, 14, 9 The variation due to differences in carcass weight and breed (see Table 3) was eliminated in calculating the results. Significant phenotypic correlations existed between the ultrasonic fat measurements of the sires and the results of the lean cuts analysis of the most valuable parts of the boar and barrow carcasses (P < 0.05 P < 0.001). keywords: barrows; boars; carcass; fat; growth; progeny; rate; sires cache: afs-71901.pdf plain text: afs-71901.txt item: #1383 of 2310 id: afs-71902 author: Äyräväinen, Kirsti title: Yield composition of two-rowed and multi-rowed barleys in drilled and single-plant populations in southern and northern Finnish experiments date: 1976 words: 5634 flesch: 66 summary: At Viikki grain yields of the two-rowed varieties were significantly larger than those of the multi-rowed varieties. On the other hand, adventitious shoots were more abundant and the ratio of grain yield to biological yield was lower in the single-plant trials than in the drilled trials. keywords: barley; culms; drill; ear; fig; grain; muhos; number; plant; plant trials; trials; varieties; viikki; yield cache: afs-71902.pdf plain text: afs-71902.txt item: #1384 of 2310 id: afs-71903 author: Laine, Jorma J.; Raussi, Virve; Koivistoinen, Pekka title: Tutkimus muikun eräistä elintarviketeknologisista ominaisuuksista date: 1976 words: 3332 flesch: 72 summary: ja 1969 5 683 tn (Sutela 1970). Crssa 24 —36 tuntia ja +lo°C:ssa alle 24 tuntia. keywords: albula; coregonus; figures; keitele; kuten; kuvat; lake; muikku; muikun; oli; pyydetyn; ssa; tba cache: afs-71903.pdf plain text: afs-71903.txt item: #1385 of 2310 id: afs-71904 author: Nevala, Markku title: Väkilannoitteiden kysyntä: Jakautuneita viiveitä sisältävien mallien sovellutuksia Suomen väkilannoitteiden käyttömäärien vaihteluiden selittämisessä ja ennakoinnissa date: 1976 words: 13614 flesch: 49 summary: Vaikka tämän työn tarkoituksena olikin vain tuottaa teknisiä apuvälineitä väkilannoitteiden käyttömäärien ennakointiin, jouduttiin tuloksia tarkastel- taessa pohtimaan erästä koko maatalouden tuotantopolitiikan kannalta kes- keistä kysymystä maapohjan ja väkilannoitteiden keskinäisestä substituutio- suhteesta. Näistä havainnoista heräsi ajatus selvittää maamme maataloussektorin väkilannoitteiden käyttöä ja käytön määräytymiseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. keywords: 1973/74; aikasarja; almon; analysis; arvo; change; coefficients; consumption; demand; eivät; ennusteet; eri; esitetty; estimaatit; että; että väkilannoitteiden; fertilizer; finland; fosforin; funktio; hehtaaria; hinta; hintojen; jakautuneita; jossa; jotka; kerroin; kertoimet; kohdalla; kohden; koko; kts; kuin; kuitenkin; käyttömäärien; käyttömäärä; käytön; lag; liite; lisäksi; luvun; maatalouden; malleista; malleja; mallien; mallit; mbi; models; muutos; muuttujien; myös; neliösumman; niiden; ole; ollut; ovat; parametrien; peltoalan; perusteella; pienimmän; price; sektorin; sekä; selittävien; sen; siihen; siten; sitä; suhteen; thi; tuotannontekijöiden; typen; tämän; tässä; variable; vha; vhi; viiveitä; viiverakenteen; voidaan; vvol; väkilannoitteiden; väkilannoitteiden käytön cache: afs-71904.pdf plain text: afs-71904.txt item: #1386 of 2310 id: afs-71905 author: Ahokas, Hannu title: Genetic and morphologic characteristics of the gigantic mutant of oats, Avena saliva L date: 1976 words: 5841 flesch: 72 summary: 4. Estimated by D. 1972 1973 1974 Hannes HA 68 2Hannes Fj HA 68 2 Hannes F 2(gig) 3. Silhouettes of oat plants at or shortly after the anthesis. keywords: 68—2; gig; hannes; i.ooo; mutant; number; oats; plants; table cache: afs-71905.pdf plain text: afs-71905.txt item: #1387 of 2310 id: afs-71906 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta title: Nurmisäilörehukokeita maatilasiiloissa 1. Rehuarvon muutokset ja säilöntätappiot date: 1976 words: 7021 flesch: 69 summary: ja 2. korjuukerran ruoho oli laidun- ja säilörehu- nurmilta, joissa valtakasvina oli nurminata tai timotei. A = 1-2, B = 2-3, C = 1-3. 113 rehuarvoltaan oli vuoden 1970 ruoho, heikointa vuosien 1972 ja 1973. keywords: crude; eri; että; grass; hapot; korjuukerran; korjuun; kuin; kuiva; losses; mutta; myös; oli; pitoisuus; protein; päälle; rehussa; ruohon; sen; siiloon; silage; säilörehun; table; taulukko; value; vitro; välillä cache: afs-71906.pdf plain text: afs-71906.txt item: #1388 of 2310 id: afs-71907 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Sormunen, Riitta title: Nurmisäilörehukokeita maatilasiiloissa 2. Kivennäispitoisuuden muutokset ja säilöntätappiot date: 1976 words: 3633 flesch: 68 summary: Esimerkkinä eroista mainit- takoon, että vuonna 1970 sekä kalsiumin että fosforin tappio oli 25 % ja vuonna 1973 11 ja 10%. Ruohon kivennäiskoostumus 1., 2. ja 3. korjuukertana. keywords: että; grass; kuin; mineral; oli; olivat; ruohon; taulukko; välillä cache: afs-71907.pdf plain text: afs-71907.txt item: #1389 of 2310 id: afs-71908 author: Syrjälä, Liisa; Saloniemi, Hannu; Laalahti, Leena title: Composition and volume of the rumen microbiota of sheep fed on grass silage with different sucrose, starch and cellulose supplements date: 1976 words: 6576 flesch: 65 summary: Less attention has been paid to the effect of adding sugars or other readily available carbohydrates as an energy source for rumen microorganisms in silage diets. Diets consisting only of silage Diets also containing carbohydrate supplements AIV X Formic Viher AIV Formic Viher acid solution acid solution Total ciliates 516.74 483.13 532.62 488.84 526.96 535.29 Charon 288.10 251.53 266.72 248.15 250.29 266.63 Entodinium vorax 0.34“ 1.30» 0.28a 0.78 0.90 0.91 E. longinucleatum 3.00 4.08 3.40 3.29 4.56 4.50 E. triacum 2.84* 4.11» 24.34» 1.46» 2.08» 11.38» E. caudatum 2.50 1.64 2.63 7.44 6.21 5.46 E. loboso-spinosum 4.42 2.50 4.36 5.36 6.68 4.82 E. nanellum 27.71 31.20 29.19 30.30 36.28 32.57 E. dubardi 160.10 161.82 176.90 166.84 190.06 178.62 Diplodinium dentatum 2.72 2.38 3.00 2.48 2.77 2.03 Eudiplodinium maggii 0.80 1.26 1.51 1.87 1.19 1.39 E. affine 5.99 3.46 5.28 4.79» 4.35» 10.10» E. neglectum 3,67 5.47 1.76 1.88» 4.77» 1.14» Polyplastron multivesiculatum 2.38 1.88 1.64 3.36 3.68 3.08 Enopoplastron triloricatum 12.17 10.50 11.61 10.84 13.14 12.66 Bacteria 35.02 35.14 35.57 33.68 34.45 35.02 Statistical analysis performed separately for diets consisting only of silage and for diets also containing carbohydrate supplements. keywords: carbohydrate; cellulose; cellulose diets; ciliates; diets; rumen; silage; silage diets; starch; starch diets; sucrose; sucrose diets; supplements; total cache: afs-71908.pdf plain text: afs-71908.txt item: #1390 of 2310 id: afs-71909 author: Kreula, Matti; Rauramaa, Aino title: Transfer of formaldehyde from feed to milk during the feeding of fresh cut grass treated with formaldehyde-containing preservative date: 1976 words: 1316 flesch: 62 summary: Formaldehyde contents in faeces (mg/kg) during the test (3/9) and post-test (11/9) periods. Formaldehyde contents in urine (mg/kg) during the pre-test (24/8), test (28/8 and 4/9) and post-test (11/9) periods Cow number 24/8 28/8 4/9 11/9 146 0.7 19 24 1.3 147 0.7 26 22 1.3 151 0.8 23 16 1.2 154 1.3 21 18 1.3 156 0 19 21 1.5 158 1.0 20 26 1.6 We wish to express our best thanks to Dr. Vappu Kossila and the personnel of the Agricultural Research Centre who participated in the study under her direction, for the organisa- tion of the experiment, and also for the data on feed intake and milk yield. keywords: formaldehyde; test cache: afs-71909.pdf plain text: afs-71909.txt item: #1391 of 2310 id: afs-71910 author: Varo, Mikko; Hellman, Tapani title: Perusteluja pässien fenotyyppitestaukselle date: 1976 words: 4033 flesch: 52 summary: Samassa tarkoituksessa on tutkittu myös teuraspainon, pään ja sisäelinten merkitystä lihakkuuden ja lihamäärän osoittajina. Bo*** ja o.97***. keywords: arvioivat; carcass; että; koska; kuin; lihakkuuden; lihakkuutta; lihamäärän; m.l.d; meat; mutta; myös; ominaisuudet; ovat; paino; parhaiten; poikkileikkauspinta; points; pään; ruhon; sekä; selitysasteet; selkälihaksen; selkälihas; teuraspaino; thigh; traits; voidaan; weight cache: afs-71910.pdf plain text: afs-71910.txt item: #1392 of 2310 id: afs-71911 author: Kaukovirta, Erkki; Murto, Outi title: Ethephonin vaikutus marjojen irtoamiseen ja kypsymiseen eräissä Suomessa viljellyissä herukkalajikkeissa date: 1976 words: 2675 flesch: 56 summary: Vaikutus marjojen kypsymiseen Ingram (1973) katsoo ethephonin käytöstä saatavan mustaherukalla selvim- män hyödyn siinä, että se edistää marjojen kypsymistä ja mahdollistaa siten aikaisen poiminnan ja vähentää raakojen marjojen osuutta. ja punaherukan marjojen irtoamiseen ennen korjuuta (pylvään alaosa) ja ravitettaessa (pylvään yläosa). keywords: brödtorp; days; effects; ennen; ethephon; fruit; harvest; hort; jälkeen; käsittelyn; lehtien; marjojen; oli; ppm; taulukko; vaikutus cache: afs-71911.pdf plain text: afs-71911.txt item: #1393 of 2310 id: afs-71912 author: Rautapää, Jorma; Myllymäki, Arvo; Siltanen, Hilkka; Mattinen, Veijo title: Endrin, DDT and PCB’s in Finnish soils date: 1976 words: 2809 flesch: 76 summary: Results The highest residues of endrin in forest soils were 0.2 ppm and 0.13 ppm (samples 11 and 13, Table 1), and in garden soils 0.13 and 0.1 ppm (samples 18 and 20). The highest endrin residue in forest soils, 0.2 ppm in sample 11 (Table 1), is equal to 0.4 kg of endrin in an area of one hectare in a layer of 20 cm (= 2 million kg of soil). keywords: ddt; endrin; pcb; ppm; residues; samples; soil cache: afs-71912.pdf plain text: afs-71912.txt item: #1394 of 2310 id: afs-71913 author: Pulli, Seppo title: Cellulase digestion technique compared with the in vitro digestibility of forages date: 1976 words: 2998 flesch: 58 summary: Abe et al. (1973) used 4, 8 and 12 hours cellulase digestion periods and found excellent correlations between cellulase digestibility and in vivo digestibility, as teh values r = 99,7, 99.9, 99.7 respectively and p2.20 62.6 27.4 5 29.3 11.7 27 According to the results it seems that the amount of free formaldehyde is at its highest in unfermented Viherliuos silages; in some it was so high that after feeding these silages there would be the possibility of the transfer of formaldehyde to milk. Relationship between free formaldehyde content and pH in silages preserved with Viherliuos in 1975. keywords: content; formaldehyde; silages cache: afs-71936.pdf plain text: afs-71936.txt item: #1418 of 2310 id: afs-71937 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Laakso, Elisa title: The digestibility and nutritive value of sugar beet top silage for sows date: 1977 words: 2483 flesch: 68 summary: The digestibility of beet top silage made from tops harvested with a mower chopper was determined with five adult, pregnant sows. Beet top silage is rich in all required minerals except phosphorus. keywords: barley; beet; digestibility; matter; protein; silage; tops cache: afs-71937.pdf plain text: afs-71937.txt item: #1419 of 2310 id: afs-71938 author: Hårdh, J. E. title: Raskasmetallit ravintokasveissa ja maassa date: 1977 words: 4864 flesch: 64 summary: Pb ja Cd. Saksassa on 1 km:n etäisyydellä lyijytehtaasta todettu maassa ruokamultakerroksessa 40 ppm Cd ja 3000 ppm Zn sekä 6 km:n päässä tehtaasta 1.0 ppm Cd ja 90 ppm Zn (Vetter et ai. 1973). keywords: contents; kg k; korkeimmat; lettuce; maan; maassa; niiden; olivat; oulun; ovat; pitoisuudet; ppm; päässä; saksassa; salaatin; sekä; soil; suomessa; tikkurilassa; todettu; vaikutusta cache: afs-71938.pdf plain text: afs-71938.txt item: #1420 of 2310 id: afs-71939 author: Hokkanen, Heikki; Raatikainen, Mikko title: Yield, vegetation and succession in reserved fields in Central Finland date: 1977 words: 12002 flesch: 73 summary: Soil types and test sites, see app. 1 and 2. Koeala Paikkakunta Viljelymaa Metsämaa Salaatti Pinaatti Porkkana Puolukka Mustikka Sienet Ruoho Plot Locality Cultivated soil Forest soil Lettuce Spinach Carrot Lingonberries Blueberries Mushrooms Grass No x x x x xxxx x 1 Helsinki 21.1 (12.7-29.3) 12.1 (4.1-20.0) 14,6 (7.4-36.6) 4.9 (3.2-6.7) 2 Tikkurila 19,1 (17.4-20.7) 13.0 (12.4-13.6) 6.0 (-) 4.0 (1.1-6.8) 17.1 (-) 3 Tikkurila 29.5 (22.3-36.6) 32.5 (-) 5.8 (5.7-5.9) 4 Tikkurila 22.0 (20.2-23.8) 40.8 (-) 13.8 (-) 5.8 (5.8) 5 Tikkurila 37.3 (30.5-44,0) 28.0 (2.8-53.1) 11.0 (8.3-13.6) 4.1 (3.4-4.7) 6 Tikkurila 47.6 (46.2-49.0) 25.3 (24.2-26.3) 10.8 (10.8) 6.9 (4.8-5.9) 16.2 (-) 11.2 (7.9-14.5) 8 Pertunmaa 17.7 (12.7-22.7) 2.1 (1.3- 2.9) 5.5 (-) 4.0 (2.9-4.9) 5,4 (-) 42.1 (1.2-82,9) 5.4 (4.6- 6.2) 9 Punkasalmi 12.1 (8.6-15,4) 3,8 (2.0- 9.5) 6.6 (1.7-11.4) 8.7 (6.4-11.1) 2.3 (2.3) 10 Puumala 16.0 (14.5-17.4) 12.2 (9.3-15.1) 7.3 (6.2- 8.3) 4.1 (2.7-5.4) 11 Soil types, see appendix 1. keywords: .03; biomass; fields; finland; kht; leys; meadows; phleum; plant; raatikainen; repens; samples; soil; species; spp; succession; tikkurila; total; type; vegetation; years cache: afs-71939.pdf plain text: afs-71939.txt item: #1421 of 2310 id: afs-71940 author: Tiihonen, Paavo; Poutiainen, Esko title: Grass intake and behaviour of young calves fed on pasture or zero-grazing date: 1977 words: 4478 flesch: 65 summary: The digestibility of organic matter of pasture grass was I—4 %-units higher than that of cut grass. With the clipping method the average intake of pasture grass was 1355 g DM per animal per day and with the indicator technique 2061 g. keywords: calves; cut; digestibility; fed; grass; herbage; intake; matter; observation; pasture; period; time cache: afs-71940.pdf plain text: afs-71940.txt item: #1422 of 2310 id: afs-71941 author: Haman, František title: Effects of percolating water with graduated acidity upon the leaching of nutrients and the changes in some chemical properties of mineral soils date: 1977 words: 3120 flesch: 61 summary: It should be mentioned that this effect de- pends also upon the clay content of the soil, since in soil A (fine sand) the acidification was more significant than in soils B (loam) and C (clay loam). In soil C (clay loam) there was an apparent tendency for the con- centration of nitrates in extracts to decrease with the increasing acidity of percolating water. keywords: clay; content; soils; solutions; water cache: afs-71941.pdf plain text: afs-71941.txt item: #1423 of 2310 id: afs-71942 author: Kreula, Matti; Ettala, Terttu title: On the amino acids in the urine of dairy cows fed urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen date: 1977 words: 3079 flesch: 75 summary: mg amino acid/1 urine Amino O-feed ULP-feed NorP-indoor NorP-pasture acid feed feed n=lon—lo n = 9 n = 9 Cys (03 H) 1.4 ; !; 1.7 2.5 ± 1.0 6.8 ± 2.3 3.3 ± 1.5 Tau 2.7 ± 2.0 5.4 ± 7.9 51.2 ± 16.7 15.9 ± 24.2 Asp 1.6 ± 1.6 2.5 ± 2.2 5.1 ± 3.6 3.9 ± 3.1 Tlir (Asu + Gin) 3.5 ± 3.5 11.3 ± 11.2 23.4 ± 11.7 18.7 ± 9.9 Gin 0 1.0 db 1-4 0 3.4 ± 3.4 Ser 2.0 ± 1.5 6.8 ± 7.1 8.5 ± 4.4 14.4 ± 15.8 Hse 0 0.5 ± 0.9 0 0.8 ± 0.7 Glu 21.3 4; 21.2 23.9 ± 20.5 10.8 ± 12.2 21.9 ± 22.4 Pro 0 0 0.4 ± 1.3 0.6 ± 0.8 Cit 1.7 ± 2.0 1.4 ± 2.9 0 2.4 ± 2.4 Gly 5.2 ± 5.7 15.7 ± 10.1 14.0 ± 10.2 568.1 ± 986.3 Ala 2.2 ± 1.8 10.8 ± 10.3 13.1 ± 7.0 36.6 ± 53.1 Cys 1.7 ± 3.3 1.9 ± 2.2 4.0 ± 2.3 3.1 ± 3.8 Vai 0.6 ± 1.2 0.4 ± 0.6 1.2 ± 1.1 0.9 ± 0.9 Met 1.1 ± 1.6 0 2.5 ± 1.8 0 keywords: acids; amino; cows; feed; norp; urine cache: afs-71942.pdf plain text: afs-71942.txt item: #1424 of 2310 id: afs-71943 author: Matikkala, Eino; Kreula, Matti title: Studies on the sulfur metabolism of cows on protein-free and low-protein feed date: 1977 words: 3887 flesch: 66 summary: Cow and Urinary sulfur, Faecal sulfur, Milk sulfur, number %of excreted %of excreted %of excreted of trial sulfur sulfur sulfur 0-cow Oona: Total sulfur Total sulfate sulfur Feed No. of Milk Blood Plasma Milk Blood Plasma cows mg/g mg/ml mg/ml mg/g mg/ml mg/ml 0 2 0.36 (8) 1.24 (8) 1.06 (6) 0.027 (8) 0.105 (8) 0.278 (6) 0.34-0.39 1.13-1.35 1.03-1.08 0.021-0.032 0.078-0.138 0.255-0.304 ULP 4 0.33 (6) 1.32 (9) 1.11 (6) 0.033 (6) 0.111 (9) 0.310 (6) 0.30-0.36 1.08-1.52 1.05-1.15 0.029-0.036 0.083-0.131 0.294-0.328 NorP 6 1.23 (6) 1.06 (4) 0.116 (6) 0.318 (4) 1.18-1.36 1.03-1.13 0.103-0.130 0.307-0.340 sulfur efficiently. keywords: contents; cows; feed; milk; rumen; sulfate; sulfur; total; ulp cache: afs-71943.pdf plain text: afs-71943.txt item: #1425 of 2310 id: afs-71944 author: Lindström, U. B. title: Evaluation of animal and veterinary science teaching at the University of Nairobi date: 1977 words: 2311 flesch: 53 summary: Different Aspects of Teaching In order to get a more detailed picture of the quality of teaching, each subject was viewed from four different aspects. The use and quality of teaching material was generally rated lower than theoretical instruction, as were examinations. keywords: instruction; scores; subjects; teaching; year cache: afs-71944.pdf plain text: afs-71944.txt item: #1426 of 2310 id: afs-71945 author: Jokinen, Raili title: Effect of added magnesium, potassium, lime and nitrogen on oats: I. Yields date: 1977 words: 5828 flesch: 68 summary: PH H2 O 4.2 PH KCI 3.9 Density 60 g/dm3 Ignition loss 81 % Exchangeable cations Ca2+ 4.1 me/100 g of air-dry peat Mg2+ 4.1 » » » » K+ 1.4 » i) i) » H+ 139.0 • l .) i Mgx 28.8 d°r 35.7« h 36.8ehi 31.7°'k 39.1 h| J 41.3'J Mg 2 32.4'k 35.1 W 34.4'e» 33.6r«h 39.4»>J 43.7J N a Mg0 14.4° 5.8» 0.2» 5.1» 1.1» 0.5» Mgi 30.2ef ff 52.9 1 m 50.21 30.5°'* 48.7 kI 61.0° Mg 2 30.1°' 46.9 i 44.6Jk 30.6°'k 44.5J k 56.9 mn 3rd year Nx Mg0 3.4» 2.4» 0.5» 0.3» 0.1» Mg x 17.4° 20.1» 9.1 18.9° 28.4 d 28.7 keywords: grain; magnesium; magnesium fertilization; nitrogen; potassium; rate; straw; year; yields cache: afs-71945.pdf plain text: afs-71945.txt item: #1427 of 2310 id: afs-71946 author: Jokinen, Raili title: Effect of added magnesium, potassium, lime and nitrogen on oats: II. Nutrient contents, cation ratios and magnesium uptake date: 1977 words: 7875 flesch: 67 summary: *o 0.7 a*c Mg x I.3c'Bh I.2def« 0.904 I.7Uk I.7Hk 1.4'8*1 Mg, 1.58*U I.6*U 1.2dorg 2.1*» 2.0klm 1.81 N, Mg0 0.7a*° 0.6a*o 0.5 a* I.2iotg o.9c 2.6* 3.7' 2.9*» 1.6*0 The results of the same year do not differ statistically sigcificantly if the same index letter appears. keywords: grains; magnesium; magnesium content; magnesium fertilization; nitrogen; potassium; potassium content; potassium fertilization; rate; straws; year cache: afs-71946.pdf plain text: afs-71946.txt item: #1428 of 2310 id: afs-71947 author: Tuori, Mikko; Poutiainen, Esko title: A polyol mixture or molasses treated beet pulp in the silage based diet of dairy cows: I. The effect on the feed utilization, milk yield and blood values date: 1977 words: 5863 flesch: 70 summary: In the lower half the corresponding values were 19,1, 54,9, and 6,28 for the polyol group, 17,4, 57,4 and 4,64 for molasses group, and 18,0, 59,2, and 4,62 for the control group. For molasses group digestibility of NFE was 78,5 %. keywords: acid; beet; comparison; control; cows; feed; group; intake; milk; mixture; molasses; period; period period; polyol; pulp; yield cache: afs-71947.pdf plain text: afs-71947.txt item: #1429 of 2310 id: afs-71948 author: Räsänen, Leena; Niinikangas, Johanna title: Nutrition survey of Finnish rural children: V. Seasonal differences in food consumption and nutrient intakes date: 1977 words: 3276 flesch: 66 summary: Milk 573.5 ± 303.8 618.0 ± 270.7 - Sour milk 111.8 ± 191.0 52.3 ± 120.7 ** Cheese 6.7 ± 17.6 6.3 ± 13.8 Other milk products 50.0 ± 67.0 18.0 ± 49.4 *** Butter, margarine, oils 41.4 ± 27.7 43.3 ± 22.7 Eggs 19.2 ± 26.6 25.4 ± 35.8 - Beef 14.1 ± 35.4 7.4 ± 17.9 * Pork 9.3 ± 38.3 16.0 ± 38.6 - Other meats 12.7 ± 26.5 21.9 ± 37.6 * Inner organs and blood 1.8 ± 8.5 12.3 ± 32.1 *** Sausages and other meat products 71.5 4_: 94.4 65.9 ± 77.6 Fish 18.8 ± 45.8 8.9 ± 27.9 • Rye 86.2 ± 84.5 71.7 ± 67.6 Wheat 77.2 ± 58.8 98.2 ± 72.2 ** Other cereal products 27.3 ± 40.2 16.3 ± 24.3 ** Potatoes 131.5 ± 114.2 142.8 ± 124.6 Roots 13.3 ± 30.1 16.0 ± 34.0 Legumes and nuts 4.9 ± 21.2 7.7 ± 25.4 Other vegetables 92.7 ± 98.9 35.7 ± 51.2 *•* Fruits and berries 133.4 ± 164.5 230.2 ± 207.3 *** Sugar and candy 41.4 ± 32.3 51.4 ± 48.4 * Beverages 236.4 ± 216.2 137.4 ± 198.4 *** Other foods 3.2 ± 5.0 3.0 ± 4.4 - The differences in the consumption of the various food groups in winter and summer had the same trend in the three age groups. Energy, kcal 2 221 ±823 2 256 ± 686 MJ 9.3 ± 3.4 9.4 ± 2.9 - Protein, g 71.1 ± 25.8 72.1 ± 22.3 Fat, g 102.5 ± 47.9 103.5 ± 38.6 Carbohydrate, g 267.0 ± 103.0 272.5 ± 89.9 Calcium, mg 1095 ±430 1080 ± 406 - Iron, mg 11.2 ± 4.8 13.0 ± 6.8 •• Vitamin A. ret. keywords: children; consumption; food; intake; milk; roine; summer; winter cache: afs-71948.pdf plain text: afs-71948.txt item: #1430 of 2310 id: afs-71949 author: Korhonen, Hannu; Rintamäki, Olli; Antila, Matti; Tuori, Mikko; Poutiainen, Esko title: A polyol mixture or molasses treated beet pulp in the silage based diet of dairy cows: II. The effect on the lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate content of milk and the udder health date: 1977 words: 7219 flesch: 66 summary: of milk XaTest group . Polyol group Molasses group Control group All groups Factor n = 112 n = 112 n = 112 n 336 LP SCN~ LP keywords: activity; cell; content; cows; group; lactoperoxidase; milk; molasses; period; polyol; samples; scn; test; test groups; udder cache: afs-71949.pdf plain text: afs-71949.txt item: #1431 of 2310 id: afs-71950 author: Soininen, Arvo title: Maanosituslainsäädäntö Suomen maatalouden pienviljelyvaltaistumiseen vaikuttavana tekijänä: Vuoden 1895 maanositusasetuksen synty ja vaikutus date: 1977 words: 11287 flesch: 56 summary: Halkomisen ja lohko- misenkin osalta uusien tilojen määrää ei suoraan ilmoiteta, mutta se on lasket- tavissa toimituksissa mukana olleiden tilojen ja muodostettujen tilojen erotuk- sena. Kruunu pyrki estämään erillisten tiluskappaleiden erottamisen tilasta, ja 1670-luvulta alkaen oli voimassa täydellinen tilojen lohkomiskielto. keywords: alakomitean; asetus; assessment; enclosure; että; finland; halkomalla; harvio; holdings; isojaon; ja sen; joka; jolloin; järjestelyn; koko; kuin; kuitenkin; kun; lakija; lohkomalla; luvun; lääni; läänissä; maanmittaushallituksen; mukaan; muodostettu; mutta; myös; määrän; niiden; niin; ole; oli; olivat; ollut; osalta; ovat; palstatilan; palstatiloja; pinta; province; saakka; sekä; selvästi; sen; siihen; siitä; sillä; suomen; taas; tai; tilat; tilattoman; tiloja; tilojen; total; tuli; tämä; unit; uusien; vaasan; vaikka; vain; vielä; viipurin; voi; voitiin; väestön; yhteensä; yhteydessä cache: afs-71950.pdf plain text: afs-71950.txt item: #1432 of 2310 id: afs-71951 author: Kettunen, Lauri title: Feed efficiency and its development in animal production date: 1977 words: 3585 flesch: 69 summary: Theoretical feed conversion coefficients, feed use obtainedfrom farm surveys, commercial production of concentrated feed and the total feed yield formed the basic statistics on which the feed balance sheet was built. The estimates of feed use for different animals as obtained from farm surveys seem to overestimate or underestimate the total feed use. keywords: beef; conversion; feed; production; units; use cache: afs-71951.pdf plain text: afs-71951.txt item: #1433 of 2310 id: afs-71952 author: Granberg, Leo title: Sianlihan tuotannon lyhytaikaisia vaihteluja selittävä ennustemalli date: 1977 words: 2152 flesch: 39 summary: talouspoliittisten toimenpiteiden vaikutus ja mallin »konservatiivisuus», ts. Niinpä kummassakin mallissa on selittävinä muuttujina peräti kolme hintamuuttujaa: sianlihan ja perunan hinta sekä rehuviljojen hinta. keywords: edellä; eri; esim; että; hinta; kuin; malleissa; mallin; model; mutta; muuttuja; muuttujien; määrä; ole; oli; ovat; production; sianlihan; tuotannon; varsin cache: afs-71952.pdf plain text: afs-71952.txt item: #1434 of 2310 id: afs-71953 author: Hokkanen, Heikki; Raatikainen, Mikko title: Faunal communities of the field stratum and their succession in reserved fields date: 1977 words: 6079 flesch: 66 summary: JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND 390 Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 49:390-405, 1977 Faunal communities of the field stratum and their succession in reserved fields Heikki Hokkanen and Mikko Raatikainen University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biology Yliopistonkatu 9, Research on the flora and fauna of reserved fields was started in the University of Jyväskylä in 1973. keywords: apion; aspect; communities; community; fauna; fields; leafhopper; number; raatikainen; samples; species; spp; summer cache: afs-71953.pdf plain text: afs-71953.txt item: #1435 of 2310 id: afs-71954 author: Jaakkola, Antti title: Effect of fertilizers, lime and cadmium added to soil on the cadmium content of spring wheat date: 1977 words: 3947 flesch: 68 summary: NPK fertilizer for which Kola apatite was used as phosphorus source, cadmium content of the fertilizer 1.5 mg/kg. 2. NPK fertilizer, made in the pilot plant of Kemira using cadmium con- taining rock phosphate from Taiba, cadmium content of the fertilizer 57 mg/kg. 4. keywords: cadmium; content; fertilizer; grain; pot; soil; wheat cache: afs-71954.pdf plain text: afs-71954.txt item: #1436 of 2310 id: afs-71955 author: Lallukka, Ulla; Mukula, Jaakko title: Sääolot ja niiden vaikutus kasvintuotantoon Etelä-Suomessa 1966—1976 date: 1977 words: 6349 flesch: 72 summary: Tammikuu oli erityisen lämmin ja runsassateinen ja siten jääpoltteen muodostumiselle otollinen. Auringonpaistetuntien määrä ja haihtuminen kasvu- kauden eri kuukausina on esitetty taulukossa 4. keywords: 1966—1976; day; elokuun; erittäin; etelä; että; hyvin; jäi; kasvien; kasvuajan; kasvukauden; kasvukausi; keskimäärin; kuitenkin; lopulla; mutta; myös; normaalia; oli; olivat; sademäärät; sateet; sekä; sen; sijaan; suomessa; syysviljojen; table; taulukko; tikkurilassa; toukokuun; vasta; vuoksi; vuosina cache: afs-71955.pdf plain text: afs-71955.txt item: #1437 of 2310 id: afs-71956 author: Korhonen, Hannu title: Antimicrobial factors in bovine colostrum date: 1977 words: 5609 flesch: 65 summary: Bullen, J. J. Rogers H. J. and Leigh L. 1972. Dixon, F. J., Weigle, W. O. and Vazquez, J. J. 1961. keywords: 1976; antibodies; colostrum; content; lzm; milk; milkings cache: afs-71956.pdf plain text: afs-71956.txt item: #1438 of 2310 id: afs-71957 author: Pehkonen, Aarne title: Accuracy of timing in some time study methods date: 1978 words: 26432 flesch: 61 summary: Thus the results obtained with the aid of a work study simulator in laboratory conditions may, with certain reservations, be applied also to corresponding measuring situations in normal time studies. In the accuracy comparison of time study methods the following require- ments were placed on the series of events describing the job adopted as the object of the study: 18 The order and duration of the different elements of the series of events must be changeable. keywords: accuracy; deviation; emin; equipment; errors; factors; factors material; material; measurement; measuring; measuring accuracy; measuring error; method; model; results; studies; study equipment; study material; table; test; test persons; test results; time studies; time study; times; timing; training; use; value; variables; watch; work measurement; work study cache: afs-71957.pdf plain text: afs-71957.txt item: #1439 of 2310 id: afs-71958 author: Tähtinen, Hilkka title: Nitrogen and potassium fertilization of potato date: 1978 words: 4808 flesch: 65 summary: In the present trials there was no correlation between the yield increase obtained with various nitrogen rates (50—156 kg/ha N) or various potassium rates (42 179 kg/ha K) and the results of the soil tests. An increase in the rate of nitrogen fertilization increased the fraction of 55 mm (and bigger) tubers and decreased the fraction of small (below 40 mm) tubers in the whole crop. keywords: fertilization; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilization; potassium; potato; rate; trials; tubers; yield cache: afs-71958.pdf plain text: afs-71958.txt item: #1440 of 2310 id: afs-71959 author: Syrjälä, Liisa; Syväoja, Eeva-Liisa; Boman, Marjatta title: Utilization of untreated and formaldhyde treated skimmilk powder and skimmilk powder-barley pellets by ruminants date: 1978 words: 3969 flesch: 62 summary: The mean number of ciliate cells (n x 103 ) per ml of rumen content of cows on different diets. 1 = Untreated diet 2 = Formaldehyde treated diet 3 = Pellet diet Fig. pH, ammonia and volatile fat acids in the rumen fluid on different diets. keywords: ammonia; diet; formaldehyde; milk; milk powder; pellet; powder; protein; rumen; syrjälä; total cache: afs-71959.pdf plain text: afs-71959.txt item: #1441 of 2310 id: afs-71960 author: Kreula, M.; Rauramaa, A.; Tegengren, M. title: On the metabolism of benzoic acid by cows on purified protein-free and low-protein feed date: 1978 words: 2130 flesch: 69 summary: The conjugation of feed benzoic acid with glycine is usually quantitative, and it has been observed with rabbits that the reaction 180 rate is independent of the amount of benzoic acid fed (Bray et al. 1951). The capacity of 0-cow Oona to metabolise feed benzoic acid was less complete and slower than that of ULP-cow Euru. keywords: 14c; acid; benzoic; cow; feed; milk cache: afs-71960.pdf plain text: afs-71960.txt item: #1442 of 2310 id: afs-71961 author: Salonen, Martti; Kähäri, Jorma title: The nitrogen effect of peat addition in clay soil date: 1978 words: 2289 flesch: 76 summary: % H2O P K Ca Mg Heavy clay 1.23 3.23 - - 6.9 1.5 390 2 520 1 220 Ligno Carex peat 0.46 75.0 2.71 14.7 4.2 2.5 69 1 860 230 The pots were filled with different soils as follows-r Total Clay Peat Portion of peat nitrogen 1 kg 1 kg Soil organic matter and its role in crop production. keywords: effect; nitrogen; peat; soil cache: afs-71961.pdf plain text: afs-71961.txt item: #1443 of 2310 id: afs-71962 author: Maijala, Kalle title: Kotieläinjalostus kannattaa date: 1978 words: 2084 flesch: 43 summary: Johdanto Kotieläinten jalostustiede on teoreettissävyinen mutta käytännönläheinen tiede, joka vuorovaikutuksessa käytännön kanssa kehittää menetelmiä tehok- kaaseen kotieläintuotantoon soveltuvan eläinaineksen löytämiseksi ja paran- tamiseksi. Näkökulman valinta vaikuttaa mm. jänne- välin pituuteen ja riskien suuruuteen sekä siten kustannusten ja tuottojen arviointiin. keywords: anim; arvo; breeding; eli; esim; että; fmk; huomioon; jalostuksen; jos; kohti; merkitystä; mutta; myös; oli; olisi; prod; voidaan; vuonna; yksityisen cache: afs-71962.pdf plain text: afs-71962.txt item: #1444 of 2310 id: afs-71963 author: Tahvonen, Risto title: Persiljan ja porkkanan siemenlevintäiset sienet Suomessa date: 1978 words: 3814 flesch: 64 summary: Tiivistelmä Suomeen tuotavien persiljan ja porkkanan siemenien mukana kulkeutuvien sienien selvittämiseksi tutkittiin vuosina 1969—75 kaupassa olleista persiljan siemenistä 36 erää ja porkkanan siemenistä 57 erää. ja Stemphylium radicinum-sienien vaikutus persiljan ja porkkanan itämiseen ja taimien kuolemiseen Jacobsenin idätysaltaalla. keywords: alternaria; carrot; dauci; lots; oli; persiljan; petroselini; porkkanalla; porkkanan; radicinum; seed; spp; ssa; stemphylium; tiraami cache: afs-71963.pdf plain text: afs-71963.txt item: #1445 of 2310 id: afs-71964 author: Mälkki, Yrjö; Nikkilä, Olavi E.; Aalto, Mauri title: Sipulin koostumus ja aromi sekä niihin vaikuttavat tekijät date: 1978 words: 5760 flesch: 47 summary: Paloiteltaessa sipulia kuivausta varten pääsee entsyymi kosketuksiin prekursorin kanssa, jonka määrästä tällöin osa hajoaa välittö- mästi ja syntyneet aromitekijät ja palorypälehappo poistuvat suurelta osin kuivattaessa (Schwimmer ym. 1964). Tuleentumisasteen vaikutus Kasvukautena 1969 viljeltiin kantoja P 1, P 5 ja P 8 ulkolavaviljelynä turve- hiekkamultaseoksessa VTT:n elintarvikelaboratoriossa Otaniemessä. keywords: acid; allium; aromiaineiden; aromin; content; että; food; hiilihydraattien; jälkeen; korkeampi; kuin; kuiva; liukoisten; lähes; lämpötilassa; mukaan; muodostuvan; myös; ole; oli; ollut; onion; osa; ovat; palorypälehapon; pelkistävien; pitoisuuden; pitoisuus; schwimmer; sekä; sipulin; sokerien; suoritettiin; tai; tapauksissa; tulokset; tämän; vaikutus; virtanen cache: afs-71964.pdf plain text: afs-71964.txt item: #1446 of 2310 id: afs-71965 author: Mälkki, Yrjö; Heinonen, Sauli title: Voimakasaromisen sipulin pakkaskuivaus date: 1978 words: 3723 flesch: 51 summary: Jokainen esiintuleva maku pyrittiin tunnistamaan ja kunkin maun voimakkuus arvioitiin havaitsemisjärjestyksessä asteikolla o—4, jolla 1 oli heikoin ja 4 voimakkain aistimus. ja tästä johtuen myös aromin profiili ovat erilaisia. keywords: acid; aikana; dry; drying; että; fimol; freeze; koska; kuiva; myös; noin; odour; oli; onion; pakkaskuivattu; pakkaskuivauksen; palorypälehapon; perusteella; ryvässipuli; sekä; sipulin; threshold; tuore; vuoden cache: afs-71965.pdf plain text: afs-71965.txt item: #1447 of 2310 id: afs-71966 author: Ettala, Terttu; Kreula, Matti; Tähtinen, Hilkka title: The effect of sulphur deficiency and sulphur fertilisation on the nitrogen compounds of timothy date: 1978 words: 3917 flesch: 63 summary: When nitrogen fertilisation was used without sulphur, the total nitrogen content of timothy increased in all trials, but in spite of this the proportion of protein nitrogen of the total nitrogen in the plants in sulphur-deficient plots decreased. %of total nitrogen %/dm ratio Trial 1 (n = 3) 0 0 1.32 61.4 38.6 8.4 3.1 - 0.10 13.1 48 0 1.59 58.5 41.5 10.1 5.1 0.10 16.0 96 0 1.95 53.8 46.2 11.7 5.0 0.11 18.7 48 34 1.65 61.8 38.2 9.0 3.6 - 0.12 13.7 96 68 1.69 64.5 35.5 8.3 3.3 - 0.13 13.3 Trial 2 (n = 3) 0 0 1.66 50.0 50.0 15.1 6.2 2.3 0.10 17.1 48 0 2.09 39.7 60.3 17.8 7.5 2.3 0.09 17.8 96 0 1.99 42.2 57.8 16.9 6.6 3.4 0.08 24.8 48 34 1.60 63.7 36.3 10.4 3.9 1.9 0.12 13.6 96 68 1.78 61.8 38.2 11.1 4.4 2.8 0.14 12.4 Trials 3 and 4 (n = 3) 0 0 1.22 67.2 32.8 7.3 4.1 6.3 0.13 9.7 48 0 1.37 65.0 35.0 7.4 4.4 2.7 0.12 11.7 96 0 1.69 68.0 32.0 8.5 5.4 2.0 0.14 12.4 48 34 1.48 67.6 32.4 7.8 4.2 2.1 0.13 11.2 96 68 1.65 66.7 33.3 7.4 4.5 2.3 0.14 12.1 141 Table 3. keywords: acids; amino; content; fertilisation; nitrogen; protein; sulphur; timothy; trials cache: afs-71966.pdf plain text: afs-71966.txt item: #1448 of 2310 id: afs-71967 author: Syväoja, Eeva-Liisa; Kreula, Matti title: The effect of processing treatments on the rumen microbial digestion in vitro of skimmilk powder protein date: 1978 words: 3562 flesch: 63 summary: The proportion of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) as a percent of the total nitrogen (TN) in in vitro microbial digestion tests with skimmilk powder samples. The microbial degradation of the protein of skimmilk powders manufactured and treated in different ways (high-, medium-, and low-heat spray, instant, roller, formaldehyde-treated spray) and milk powder products (skimmilk powder-wheat flour granules, skimmilk powder-barley flour pellets) was determined in anaerobic, rumen- simulating conditions in vitro. keywords: flour; formaldehyde; heat; powder; protein; rumen; skimmilk; solubility; spray cache: afs-71967.pdf plain text: afs-71967.txt item: #1449 of 2310 id: afs-71968 author: Syrjälä, Liisa; Poutiainen, Esko; Koskela, Visa-Heikki title: Untreated and formaldehyde treated skimmilk powder as a protein supplement for dairy cows date: 1978 words: 3930 flesch: 65 summary: Protein shortage group 2) Untreated milk powder group 3) Formaldehyde treated milk powder group Over one week the animals were gradually changed to the experimental feeds. The groups were: 1) Protein shortage group, 1) Untreated milk powder group and 3) Formaldehyde treated milk powder group. keywords: content; cows; feeds; formaldehyde; group; milk; milk powder; period; powder; protein; table; utilization cache: afs-71968.pdf plain text: afs-71968.txt item: #1450 of 2310 id: afs-71969 author: Savolainen, Helena; Pihakaski, Kaarina title: Effects of a dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop herbicide mixture on the leaves of a barley variety date: 1978 words: 4391 flesch: 69 summary: Effects of herbicides on the ultrastructure of plant cell. Cytological studies on the effect of herbicides on plant cells in vivo. keywords: barley; cells; chloroplasts; days; fig; plants; starch; treatment cache: afs-71969.pdf plain text: afs-71969.txt item: #1451 of 2310 id: afs-71970 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa title: Relationships between physical and chemical characteristics and calculated metabolizable energy values in barley and oats with highly variable volume weights date: 1978 words: 3745 flesch: 77 summary: Relationships between ME values (MJ/kg DM) (y) and three characteristics (x). The variation of crude protein content was the same for both cereals. keywords: barley; characteristics; oats; protein; starch; value cache: afs-71970.pdf plain text: afs-71970.txt item: #1452 of 2310 id: afs-71971 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa title: Hehtolitrapainon ja lajikkeen vaikutus ohran rehuarvoon sikojen ruokinnassa date: 1978 words: 1884 flesch: 61 summary: lasketut muuntokelpoisen ja nettoenergian arvot. Ohra- jauho, rehumaitojauhs, kivennäisseos ja vitamiiniseos punnittiin kukin erik- seen ja sekoitettiin. keywords: agric; barley; differences; energia; eri; että; myös; ohran; oli; protein; salo; sulavuus; volume cache: afs-71971.pdf plain text: afs-71971.txt item: #1453 of 2310 id: afs-71972 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa title: Vehnänrankkijauhon rehuarvo lihasikojen ruokinnassa date: 1978 words: 1697 flesch: 59 summary: Jäljelle jäänyt viljajätteen ja hiivan seos kuivataan rankkirehuksi. Niiden painot olivat kokeen alkaessa keskimäärin 72 kg ja päättyessä 81 kg. keywords: distillers; että; feed; grains; hiivan; oli; pigs; rehu; solubles; taulukko cache: afs-71972.pdf plain text: afs-71972.txt item: #1454 of 2310 id: afs-71973 author: Hemilä, Kalevi title: Metsätalouden asema kirjanpitotilojen rahaliikkeessä ja investointien rahoituksessa vuosina 1966—1975 date: 1978 words: 2358 flesch: 50 summary: Keskiarvolukujen ympärillä tapahtuvan tilakohtaisen vaihtelun selvittämi- seksi on vuosilta 1974 ja 1975 koottu tilakohtaiset tiedot metsätalouden raha- ylijäämistä ja investointirahamenoista. Metsätalouden rahaylijäämien ja investointirahamenojen väliset suhteet tiloit- tain vuosina 1974 ja 1975. keywords: cash; expenses; farms; forestry; investment; investointeihin; keskimäärin; kuin; kun; kuva; maatalouden; metsätalouden; noin; ollut; osuus; ovat; rahaylijäämä; vuoden; vuonna cache: afs-71973.pdf plain text: afs-71973.txt item: #1455 of 2310 id: afs-71974 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa title: Puumelassi tuoreviljan säilöntäaineena date: 1978 words: 1725 flesch: 62 summary: Kokeet suoritettiin vasta laborato- riomittakaavassa ja ne käsittivät jauhetun viljan ja tuoreen mäskin märkä- säilönnän ja ohran ja kauran jyväsäilönnän. ja etikkahappo oli lisäksi suurelta osin peräisin lisätystä puumelassista. keywords: että; grains; koska; kylmässä; lämpimässä; molasse; myös; niin; noin; oli; puumelassia; sen; varastossa; viljan; wood cache: afs-71974.pdf plain text: afs-71974.txt item: #1456 of 2310 id: afs-71975 author: Kuuppo, Mailis; Koivurinta, Juha; Koivistoinen, Pekka title: Ahvenen ja särjen marinointi date: 1978 words: 3334 flesch: 50 summary: Kun pH sekä happo- ja suolapitoisuudet kalassa ja liemessä olivat tasoit- tuneet, valmisteen katsottiin olevan kypsä. Tutkimuskaaviot ahvenen ja särjen osalta on esitetty kuvina 1 ja 2. keywords: aikana; ajan; ennen; eroja; että; fig; jälkeen; kalan; kuin; kuukauden; kuva; lämpötilassa; marinoidun; marinointia; mutta; olivat; perch; sekä; ssa; varastoinnin; välillä cache: afs-71975.pdf plain text: afs-71975.txt item: #1457 of 2310 id: afs-71976 author: Kuuppo, Mailis; Laine, Jorma J.; Koivistoinen, Pekka title: Tutkimus pakastuksen soveltuvuudesta muikun ja kirjolohen varastoinnissa date: 1978 words: 3529 flesch: 59 summary: Kaikkien eri tavoin käsiteltyjen ja pakattujen muikkujen ja kirjolohien todettiin säilyvän syömäkelpoisina 3 kk —3s° C:ssa. Kala- lajista riippuen pakastuksen ja pakkasvarastoinnin aikana saattaa tapahtua laatua heikentäviä muutoksia kalan proteiini- ja lipidifraktioissa, kuten pro- teiinien denaturoitumista ja rasvojen eltaantumista ja hydrolyysiä. keywords: albula; coregonus; fig; fileerattu; fillets; fish; glaseerattu; glazed; kirjolohi; kokonainen; muikku; perattu; rainbow; trout; vacuum; vakuumipakattu cache: afs-71976.pdf plain text: afs-71976.txt item: #1458 of 2310 id: afs-71977 author: Westermarck-Rosendahl, Christina; Salovaara, Hannu title: Hydrothermal treatment of sprout-damaged grain: I. Effects on the technological quality of wheat date: 1978 words: 5802 flesch: 70 summary: The processings lasted from 20 to 120 min. After heat treatment of sprouted wheat at temperatures below 50° C an activation of amylases was detected. The action of wheat amylases on starch under conditions of time and temperature as they exist during baking. keywords: amylase; gluten; grain; lot; number; samples; temperature; treatment; value; water; wheat cache: afs-71977.pdf plain text: afs-71977.txt item: #1459 of 2310 id: afs-71978 author: Westermarck-Rosendahl, Christina title: Hydrothermal treatment of sprout-damaged grain: II. Effects on the technological quality of rye date: 1978 words: 4223 flesch: 73 summary: Also the enzymatic activity of proteases and pentosanases in rye increase on germination. The whole grain was milled to rye meal on a hammer mill of Finnish manufacture (O-IPL, Koneteollisuus). keywords: 1976; baking; grain; heat; processing; rye; sec; treatment; value cache: afs-71978.pdf plain text: afs-71978.txt item: #1460 of 2310 id: afs-71979 author: Hartikainen, Helinä title: Leaching of plant nutrients from cultivated soils: I Leaching of cations date: 1978 words: 2735 flesch: 64 summary: On the bottom of each lysimeter was placed 270 g of washed coarse sand and the air dried and crushed, but unsieved, soil samples were added as small portions: 1 900 g of sand soil, 1 600 g of fine sandand 1 900 g of sandy clay. On the basis of a correlation analysis he claims that the bulk of inorganic material in river waters is derived from clay soils. keywords: cations; clay; leaching; sand; soil; solution; water cache: afs-71979.pdf plain text: afs-71979.txt item: #1461 of 2310 id: afs-71980 author: Hartikainen, Helinä title: Leaching of plant nutrients from cultivated soils: II Leaching of anions date: 1978 words: 2551 flesch: 62 summary: The increase of concentration in soil solution may to a certain extent explain the observation that the fertilization decreased the amount of »bicarbonate» washed out by water from the columns of sand and fine sand soils. The results of this work are in accordance with the conclusion presented by Gächter and Furrer (1972) that the liability to leaching diminishes in proportion to the relative amount of finer soils. keywords: anions; leaching; nitrate; sample; sand; soil; sulfate cache: afs-71980.pdf plain text: afs-71980.txt item: #1462 of 2310 id: afs-71981 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa title: Ensiling, preservation losses and effluent binding of sugar beet tops date: 1978 words: 2765 flesch: 75 summary: Sugar beet tops harvested with a mower chopper make a good silage, without additives, but the losses through effluent are great. Materials and methods The ensiling of sugar beet tops was studied on the Viik Experimental Farm in the years 1971 1974 (Salo and Sormunen 1974, Salo 1975). keywords: beet; content; effluent; matter; straw; tops cache: afs-71981.pdf plain text: afs-71981.txt item: #1463 of 2310 id: afs-71982 author: Aura, Erkki title: Determination of available soil phosphorus by chemical methods date: 1978 words: 5039 flesch: 70 summary: Also, numerous other factors such as, for exam- ple, the growth of the root system and weather conditions have an effect on the uptake of soil phosphorus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja 305 Vol. 50:705-716, 1978 Determination of available soil phosphorus by chemical methods Erkki Aura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki 71 Abstract. keywords: exchange; extraction; method; phosphorus; resin; soil; solution; test; uptake; water cache: afs-71982.pdf plain text: afs-71982.txt item: #1464 of 2310 id: afs-71983 author: Sorteberg, Asbjørn title: Effects of some heavy metals on oats in pot experiments with three different soil types date: 1978 words: 7383 flesch: 75 summary: Andersson and Nilsson (1975) found in pot experiments great reduc- tion in the cobalt, nickel and cadmium contents at increased liming in spring wheat and rape (pH 4.8, 6.0, 7.2), although they found no deviation in the lead content. The high nickel content in the grain of oats cannot, in any case, be explained by high content in the glumes. keywords: application; cadmium; content; lead; lime; liming; mercury; series; soil; year cache: afs-71983.pdf plain text: afs-71983.txt item: #1465 of 2310 id: afs-71984 author: Aura, Erkki title: Phosphate desorption from soil in anion-exchange resin extraction date: 1978 words: 4191 flesch: 66 summary: The effect of concentration and moisture content on the counterdiffusion of soil phosphate against chloride ion. A kinetic approach to the description of soil phosphate status. keywords: + +; desorption; extraction; phosphate; phosphorus; resin; soil; time; water cache: afs-71984.pdf plain text: afs-71984.txt item: #1466 of 2310 id: afs-71985 author: Jaakkola, Antti title: Nitrate, ammonium and urea nitrogen as fertilizers for wheat and rye in a field experiment date: 1978 words: 6842 flesch: 71 summary: Placement vs. broadcasting, application time and rate of fertilizer nitrogen were also investigated. However, the main part of fertilizer nitrogen, about 75 per cent, is given in multinutrient fertilizers to- gether with phosphorus, potassium, and in some of them, also other nutrients. keywords: ammonium; fertilizer; grain; nitrate; nitrogen; soil; straw; urea; wheat cache: afs-71985.pdf plain text: afs-71985.txt item: #1467 of 2310 id: afs-71986 author: Kuuppo, Mailis; Koivurinta, Juha; Koivistoinen, Pekka title: On the suitability of roach, perch, vendace and whitefish for canning in small scale canning stations date: 1978 words: 4623 flesch: 68 summary: The roach, vendace and whitefish preserves were of the types »canned fish in to- mato sauce» and »canned fish in oil and its own juice» and the perch preserves of the type »canned fish in brine». For canned products in oil, table or peanut oil was added into the cans. keywords: brine; fish; minutes; perch; processing; products; roach; vendace; whitefish cache: afs-71986.pdf plain text: afs-71986.txt item: #1468 of 2310 id: afs-71987 author: Kreula, M.; Rauramaa, A.; Ettala, T. title: The effect of feeding on the hippuric acid content of cow’s urine date: 1978 words: 2720 flesch: 65 summary: Introduction In the urine of herbivorous animals, particularly ruminants, hippuric acid, a metabolic product of benzoic acid and its derivatives, is excreted. No statistically significant rise was observed when the supplement of benzoic acid was raised to B—lo g. When 2 g tyrosine was first fed in addition to benzoic acid the excretion of hippuric acid was at its lowest. keywords: acid; benzoic; cows; feed; hippuric; urinary; urine cache: afs-71987.pdf plain text: afs-71987.txt item: #1469 of 2310 id: afs-71988 author: Kettunen, Lauri title: The development of agricultural production in Finland 1975—85 date: 1978 words: 5611 flesch: 70 summary: Production forecasts may be made based on the consumption forecast and the export ceiling (or about 110% self-sufficiency). Milk production is predicted to drop to 2 910 mill, litres, beef production to 105 mill. keywords: agricultural; consumption; development; forecasts; milk; mill; production cache: afs-71988.pdf plain text: afs-71988.txt item: #1470 of 2310 id: afs-71989 author: Vaisto, Tarja; Heikonen, Matti; Kreula, Matti; Linko, Matti title: The use of cellulases for increasing the sugar content of AIV-silage date: 1978 words: 2220 flesch: 61 summary: The content of reducing sugars in silage with Cellulase S V. Hemicel- lulolytic complex B Maxazyme A. Meicelase A. and VTT cellulase □ . 394 Combinations of enzymes The silage was made on June 15 and July 26. In addition to VTT cellulase, Onozuka (by weight 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 June 15; 1.5:1, 3:1 and 6:1 July 26) and Hemicellulolytic complex (1:1 June 15; 1.5:1, 3:1 and 6:1 July 26) were used. keywords: cellulase; content; enzyme; glucose; silage; sugar; vtt cache: afs-71989.pdf plain text: afs-71989.txt item: #1471 of 2310 id: afs-71990 author: Sirén, Jouko title: An econometric model of beef production for optimization purposes date: 1978 words: 15702 flesch: 67 summary: The increase in the protein content above this level has a decreasing effect on the productivity of feed energy. Live weight gain estimates and average and marginal feed use given by the model as a function of feed unit quantity. keywords: animal; ayrshire; beef; content; crude; energy; energy content; f.u; feed; feed intake; function; gain; growth; intake; level; matter; maximum; model; production; profit; protein; rearing; time; weight; weight gain cache: afs-71990.pdf plain text: afs-71990.txt item: #1472 of 2310 id: afs-71991 author: Lindström, U. B. title: Selection intensity for milk yield in 1970—1977 in the Finnish Ayrshire date: 1978 words: 3716 flesch: 66 summary: Genetic selection differentials and generation intervals for bull sires. In recent years a limited number of bull sires from abroad, 8 from the Norwegian Red Cattle and 6 from North American and English Ayrshires, have been used on our Finnish Ayrshire cows for production of bull calves. keywords: bull; generation; milk; progeny; selection; sires; years; yield cache: afs-71991.pdf plain text: afs-71991.txt item: #1473 of 2310 id: afs-71992 author: Ruokola, Anna-Liisa; Vestberg, Mauritz title: Fungus diseases of field bean in Finland during 1975—1977 date: 1978 words: 5030 flesch: 77 summary: B. fabae fungi were also found in the leaf and pod samples taken from sites at Tuusula where field beans were under cultivation. Hardly any A. fabae or B. fabae fungi were found in the sample lots from Viikki in 1976 and 1977 (Table 3). keywords: bean; botrytis; cinerea; fabae; field; fungi; fungus; fusarium; mikko; samples; seeds cache: afs-71992.pdf plain text: afs-71992.txt item: #1474 of 2310 id: afs-71993 author: Jamalainen, E. A. title: Peltokasvien talvehtiminen Suomessa date: 1978 words: 17933 flesch: 64 summary: Nämä arviot voidaan suorittaa visuaalisesti tai laskemalla pienikokoisilta ruuduilta terveiden ja vaurioitu- neiden kasvien määrä. ja silloin oli vielä pakkasta. keywords: agric; aikana; apilan; borealis; clover; damage; että; exp; finland; frost; fungi; huonosti; hyvin; hämeen; joissa; jolloin; jos; kasvien; kasvitautien; keski; keväällä; kjl; koeasemalla; kokeet; kokeissa; kokeita; kuin; kun; kuva; kvl; kym; lajikekokeissa; lapin; lumen; lumettomana; lumi; lumihomeen; lunta; maa; myös; ole; oli; olivat; ollut; oraiden; oraita; ovat; pakkasen; parhaiten; pidetty; plot; pohjanmaan; pohjois; pohjolan; poistettu; psa; puna; runsaasti; rye; sclerotinia; sekä; sen; sienet; silloin; snow; soil; sta; suomen; suomessa; syksyllä; syysrukiin; syysvehnän; syysviljojen; table; tai; talvehtiminen; talvehtivat; taulukko; temperature; tests; tikkurilassa; timotei; typhula; usein; variety; vaurioita; vuoden; vuoksi; vähän; water; wheat; winter; wintering; yli cache: afs-71993.pdf plain text: afs-71993.txt item: #1475 of 2310 id: afs-71994 author: Kivi, Erkki title: Züchterische Aspekte der einheimischen Eiweissversorgung im Norden date: 1979 words: 4866 flesch: 59 summary: Dies hat zur Folge gehabt, dass die Verbesserung der Eiweisseigensschaften der einheimischen Kulturen sowohl in der Praxis als auch in der Forschung der Mittelpunkt der Anstrengungen geworden ist. Bei uns bleibt Rondo oft zu kurz wegen der Vorsommertrockenheit, und darum hat man, wie auch in Schweden (Binge- fors 1978), die Ziichtungsarbeit auf die morphologisch neuen Typen der soge- nannten halbhohen Erbse gerichtet. keywords: abb; ackerbohne; als; anbau; auch; auf; bei; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; erbse; fiir; finnland; haben; hat; ist; kivi; man; mit; nach; nicht; nur; oder; samen; schon; sehr; sich; sie; sind; sorten; und; unter; von; wegen; wie; wir; ziichtung cache: afs-71994.pdf plain text: afs-71994.txt item: #1476 of 2310 id: afs-71995 author: Jaakkola, Antti; Korkman, Johan ; Juvankoski, Tuomo title: The effect of cadmium contained in fertilizers on the cadmium content of vegetables date: 1979 words: 2067 flesch: 66 summary: Fertilizers are one possible source of cadmium, for the metallic element is known to be present in certain raw materials of fertilizer phosphorus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja 158 Vol. 51:158-162, 1979 The effect of cadmium contained in fertilizers on the cadmium content of vegetables Antti Jaakkola Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Physics, 01300 Vantaa 30 Johan Korkman and Tuomo Juvankoski Kemira Oy, Malminkatu 30, 00100 Helsinki 10 Abstract. keywords: cadmium; content; fertilizer cache: afs-71995.pdf plain text: afs-71995.txt item: #1477 of 2310 id: afs-71996 author: Ylätalo, Marja title: Alppiruusun pistokkaiden juurtumiseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä date: 1979 words: 2340 flesch: 58 summary: ja Rh. Havainnot juurtumisesta tehtiin kahden ja neljän kuukauden kuluttua pistämisestä, jolloin juuriston laatu arvotettiin seuraavan asteikon mukaisesti: 1. yksittäisiä juuria enintään 5 kpl, 2. keywords: -lajin; brachycarpum; cuttings; iba; kahden; kuluttua; kuukauden; neljän; oli; pistokkaat; pistokkaiden; pistämisestä; rhododendron; rooting; ssp; tigerstedti; vaikutus cache: afs-71996.pdf plain text: afs-71996.txt item: #1478 of 2310 id: afs-71997 author: Törmälä, Timo title: Numbers and biomass of soil invertebrates in a reserved field in central Finland date: 1979 words: 6683 flesch: 72 summary: Introduction During the last fifteen years far more quantitative studies of soil animals have been published than earlier. The main reason for this is, in addition to the better understanding of the importance of soil animals in litter break-down processes, in the rapid developement and evaluation of extraction methods (e.g. Phillipson 1971). keywords: acari; animals; biomass; enchytraeidae; field; groups; july; nr2; numbers; oribatei; sampling; soil; study; total cache: afs-71997.pdf plain text: afs-71997.txt item: #1479 of 2310 id: afs-71998 author: Saastamoinen, Marketta; Tigerstedt, P. M. A. title: Application of a semi-automatic micro-DBC analyzer system for screening basic amino acids in single grains date: 1979 words: 3506 flesch: 70 summary: Studies on inter- and intraplant variation in seed protein content of rice. Gene for improved nutri tional value in barley seed protein. keywords: barley; content; dbc; dye; fp-9; grains; method; protein; seed; system cache: afs-71998.pdf plain text: afs-71998.txt item: #1480 of 2310 id: afs-71999 author: Pulli, Seppo; Tigerstedt, P. M. A.; Kara, Osmo title: Adaptation of silage maize varieties under extreme northern growing condions in Finland date: 1979 words: 4988 flesch: 75 summary: Ears ACG 201 50.9»» 8.04» .38»» 15.8»» 4.7 12.9 Forla 47.4»» 7.78»» .49»» 16.4» 6.3 25.0 LG 11 47.2»» 7.51»» .50»» 15.9»» 6.7 8.4 CP 170 48.5»» 7.28»» .47»» 15.0» 6.4 16.4 ACG 185 47.6»» 7.28»» .48»» 15.6»» 6.6 16.2 LG 9 46.9»» 7.15»» .47»» 15.3»» 6.5 10.3 Rubis 9 43.5 ab 6.86»» ,38a » 15.7»» 5.6 19.3 ACG 189 45.8a» 6.77»» .47»» 14.8» 6.9 19.3 ACG 167 45.8a » 6.69»» .54» 14.6ab 8.1 19.9 Hansa 41.7a » 6.65»» ,35ab 16.8c 400 pigs Type of the feed VT = Grain +purchased protein concentrate TR=Commercial feed mixture Conclusions On average pig farms are managed quite ef- ficiently. Financial results The average gross margin in SOT farms was 68 Fmk per pig and the gross margin per- centage 11.5 % in 1975—1977 (Table 4). keywords: farms; feed; margin; production; rate; region; variation cache: afs-72216.pdf plain text: afs-72216.txt item: #1698 of 2310 id: afs-72217 author: Howard, L. R. ; Uusi-Rauva, A. ; Laine, J. J. title: 45Ca mobility and distribution during ripening and maturation of Rutgers and RIN tomatoes date: 1986 words: 3056 flesch: 65 summary: In this study, we utilized the radioistope 45Ca as a trace in or- der to follow calcium solubilization and dis- tribution in RIN and Rutgers tomato fruit. I. Levels of bound and soluble 45 Ca during ripen- ing of Rutgers and aging of RIN tomato fruits. keywords: 45ca; calcium; fruit; levels; rin; ripening; rutgers; tissue; tomato; tomatoes cache: afs-72217.pdf plain text: afs-72217.txt item: #1699 of 2310 id: afs-72218 author: Karjalainen, Reijo title: Spring wheat mixtures in northern crop production: ability of mixtures to buffer disease development and yield loss caused by Septoria nodorum date: 1986 words: 4763 flesch: 65 summary: Index words: spring wheat, cultivar mixtures, yield stability, disease resistance, Seploria nodorum introduction Considerable theoretical and practical inter- est has been focused in recent years on the evaluation of genotypic mixtures in cereal crop production, and there is some evidence to support the idea that mixtures have several advantages over monocultures, such as greater stability of performance across diverse en- vironments (Jensen 1952, Simmonds 1962, Trenbath 1974) and more diverse and stable resistance to diseases (Jensen 1952, Borlaug 1958, Suneson 1960, Browning and Frey 1969). Therefore, the question arises whether cultivar mixtures can be used to reduce dis- ease progress and the yield losses caused by S. nodorum. keywords: cultivars; data; disease; kadett; mixtures; nodorum; tähti; wheat; yield cache: afs-72218.pdf plain text: afs-72218.txt item: #1700 of 2310 id: afs-72219 author: Hartikainen, Helinä title: Base-neutralizing capacity of Finnish mineral soils date: 1986 words: 2070 flesch: 64 summary: As expected, it tended to increase with decreasing soil pH, the correlation of log BNC 7 vs. pHCaC ,2 being r = —o.B4*** (n = 0.83). + 0.31 Al0 54.43 pH + 311.74 R 2 = o.9l***, S = 16.87 The relative importance of various variables affecting the BNC, values may be compared on the basis of the /3-coefficients: pH Corg Al0 clay Heavy clays —0.52 0.31 0.31 Coarser clays —0.61 0.23 0.29 0.15 Non-clay soils —0.68 0.30 0.19 BNC, seems to depend most markedly on soil pH CaCl2, followed by organic C in the non-clay soils and by oxalate soluble A 1 in the coarser clay soils. keywords: acidity; base; clay; soil cache: afs-72219.pdf plain text: afs-72219.txt item: #1701 of 2310 id: afs-72220 author: Niskanen, Raina title: Number of extractionsin determination of effective cation-exchange capacity date: 1986 words: 2246 flesch: 69 summary: The proportion of acid cations was lowest in soil No. 2 the pH of which was 5.3. The degree of saturation by exchangeable Ca and Mg in soils No. 2 and 4 was of the same order as in the material of Kaila (1972): 60—80 % and 10—30 % for Ca and Mg, respectively (Table 3). keywords: exchangeable; kci; soil; treatment cache: afs-72220.pdf plain text: afs-72220.txt item: #1702 of 2310 id: afs-72221 author: Ulvinen, Osmo title: Havaintoja Pohjoismaiden Geenipankin Suomesta keräämistä ohranäytteistä date: 1986 words: 3946 flesch: 73 summary: Ohrassa 58/10 sivuselkäsuonien väkäset olivat varsin heikko- ja. ja keywords: cultivar; kuva; lajiketai; myös; näyte; näytteiden; ohra; oli; otra; samples; table; tahoisia; taulukko; type; tyyppikoostumus; varsin cache: afs-72221.pdf plain text: afs-72221.txt item: #1703 of 2310 id: afs-72222 author: Augustin, Arja; Tulisalo, Unto; Korpela, Seppo title: Flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Halticinae) on rapeseed and sugarbeet in Finland date: 1986 words: 6752 flesch: 75 summary: Surveys of the incidence of flea beetles on sugarbeet and rapeseed were carried out in eight localities in southern and central Finland in 1972 and 1980—83. The incidence of flea beetles fluctuated greatly on the cultivation, as the flea beetles moved only short distances and showed thus very local occurrence. keywords: control; field; finland; flea beetles; host; june; numbers; plants; radish; rapeseed; seed; species; sugarbeet cache: afs-72222.pdf plain text: afs-72222.txt item: #1704 of 2310 id: afs-72223 author: Varis, Eero title: Goat’s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.), a potential pasture legume for temperate conditions date: 1986 words: 9433 flesch: 73 summary: High ground water and flooding are harmful, but goat’s rue can withstand spring floods reasonably well for up to 12—18 days (Raig 1980). It can be concluded that a mixture of goat’s rue and timothy in which the proportion of goat’s rue is more than half can produce high dry matter yields even without nitrogen applications. keywords: clover; content; crude; cut; cutting; goat; nitrogen; plant; protein; raig; rue; silage; table; year; yield cache: afs-72223.pdf plain text: afs-72223.txt item: #1705 of 2310 id: afs-72224 author: Laakso, Into title: An analytical and breeding study on fatty acids in summer turnip rape (Brassica campestris L. var. annua) date: 1986 words: 15619 flesch: 63 summary: An analytical and breeding study on fatty acids in summer turnip rape (Brassica campestris L. var. annua ) The analytical error with PTV for most of the compounds represented less than 1 % of the variation found for fatty acids within a turnip rape variety. keywords: acid; acid content; analysis; breeding; chromatogr; chromatography; column; content; erucic; erucic acid; fatty; fatty acid; gas; high; injection; linoleic; method; new; oil; oils; precision; rapeseed; selection; split; technique; turnip; variation cache: afs-72224.pdf plain text: afs-72224.txt item: #1706 of 2310 id: afs-72225 author: Kettunen, Lauri title: Self-sufficiency of agriculture in Finland in 1970—1983 date: 1986 words: 4621 flesch: 67 summary: Energy crises have meant, however, that our agriculture is threat- ened mainly by the shortage of inputs. Wheat is also used for some indus- trial purposes which increases the need for domestic production. keywords: agriculture; consumption; crisis; energy; food; production; self; sufficiency; total cache: afs-72225.pdf plain text: afs-72225.txt item: #1707 of 2310 id: afs-72226 author: Sontag, Tuula; Salovaara, Hannu; Payne, Peter I title: The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit compositions of wheat varieties bred in Finland date: 1986 words: 3261 flesch: 79 summary: The 35 cultivars contain 17 different per- mutations of HMW glutenin subunits (Table 4). The limited number of combinations of HMW glutenin subunits amongst Finnish wheats causes SDS-PAGE to be of little value in varietal identification. keywords: cultivars; glutenin; payne; subunits; wheat cache: afs-72226.pdf plain text: afs-72226.txt item: #1708 of 2310 id: afs-72227 author: Hälvä, S.; Hirvi, T.; Mäkinen, S. title: Yield and glucosinolates in mustard seeds and volatile oils in caraway seeds and coriander fruit: I Yield and glucosinolate contents of mustard (Sinapis sp., Brassica sp.) seeds date: 1986 words: 2502 flesch: 69 summary: Seed yields of brown mustard varieties compared with ‘Blaze’ during 1984—85 at two locations 161 Kangasala. Figure I. Seed yield of yellow mustard varieties compared with Trico’ during 1983—85 at two locations 159 Table 2. keywords: brown; growth; helsinki; mustard; seeds; sinigrine; varieties; yield cache: afs-72227.pdf plain text: afs-72227.txt item: #1709 of 2310 id: afs-72228 author: Hälvä, S.; Hirvi, T.; Mäkinen, S. title: Yield and glucosinolate of mustard seeds and volatile oils of caraway seeds and coriander fruit: II Yield and volatile oils of caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.) date: 1986 words: 2132 flesch: 72 summary: Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 58: 163—167, 1986 Yield and glucosinolate of mustard seeds and volatile oils of caraway seeds and coriander fruit. II Yield and volatile oils of caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.) HÄLYÄ, S. 1 , HIRVI, T.2*, MÄKINEN, S. 3 and HONKANEN, E.2 1 Dept of Horticulture, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland 2 VTT, Food Research Laboratory, SF-02150 ESPOO, Finland 3 Dept of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract. keywords: caraway; carvone; finland; helsinki; ml/100; oil; seeds; varieties cache: afs-72228.pdf plain text: afs-72228.txt item: #1710 of 2310 id: afs-72229 author: Hälvä, S.; Hirvi, T.; Mäkinen, S. title: Yield and glucosinolate of mustard seeds and volatile oils of caraway seeds and coriander fruit: lll  Yield and volatile oils of coriander fruit (Coriandrum sativum L.)  date: 1986 words: 2110 flesch: 68 summary: 11l Yield and volatile oils of coriander fruit (Conundrum sativum L.) HÄLYÄ, S. 1, HIRVI, T.2*, MÄKINEN, S. 3 and HONKANEN, E.2 ' Dept of Horticulture, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland 2 VTT, Food Research Laboratory, SF-02150 ESPOO, Finland Dept of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract. The amount of volatile oils (ml/100 g) in coriander fruit in 1983—85 at two locations. keywords: coriander; finland; fruit; helsinki; oils; seeds; varieties cache: afs-72229.pdf plain text: afs-72229.txt item: #1711 of 2310 id: afs-72230 author: Korva, J.; Tuori, M. title: Nurmirehun sulavuuden arvioiminen raakakuitu- ja raakavalkuaispitoisuuden perusteella date: 1986 words: 2613 flesch: 64 summary: Jo 1950-luvulla esitettiin kai- kille märehtijöiden rehuille käyräviivainen lo- garitminen riippuvuus raakavalkuaispitoisuu- den ja CPD:n välillä (Glover ym. 1957). ja raakavalkuaispitoisuuksia vastaavat orgaanisen aineen ja raakavalkuaisen sulavuudet. keywords: aineen; cpd; digestibility; esim; kivimäe; kuin; kuva; omd; orgaanisen; protein; raakavalkuaisen; salo; sulavuus cache: afs-72230.pdf plain text: afs-72230.txt item: #1712 of 2310 id: afs-72231 author: Tenhovuori, Markku title: The influence of soil water potential and soil temperature on the seedling emergence of wheat and barley date: 1986 words: 3376 flesch: 65 summary: The influence of soil water potential and soil temperature on the seedling emergence of wheat and barley MARKKU TENHOVUORI Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering SF-02150 ESPOO, Finland Abstract. The present paper is dealing with the effect of soil matric potential and soil temperature on the seedling emergence of wheat and bar- ley. keywords: barley; curve; emergence; matric; potential; soil; temperature; water; wheat cache: afs-72231.pdf plain text: afs-72231.txt item: #1713 of 2310 id: afs-72232 author: Finne, Åke title: Micropropagation of Rubus spp. date: 1986 words: 1624 flesch: 66 summary: Rapid micropropagation of ‘Black Satin’, ‘Thornless Evergreen’ and ‘Bedford Giant’ was achieved by culturing shoot tips in a 1/1 MS. For ‘Thornless Evergreen’ this was a real problem, because almost half of the plants on multiplication medium were in avery bad con- dition. keywords: bap; evergreen; medium; mg/1; satin; thornless cache: afs-72232.pdf plain text: afs-72232.txt item: #1714 of 2310 id: afs-72233 author: Hannukkala, Asko; Huhtanen, Pekka title: Urea treatment of barley grain. Effect on storage properties and fungal growth date: 1986 words: 5744 flesch: 68 summary: Similar DM losses in urea treated grain have Table I. Effect of urea level on chemical composition (g/kg DM), pH and dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) recoveries. In conclusion, the results of the present study show that urea is an effective and cheap preservative of high moisture grain. keywords: ammonia; barley; content; effect; fungi; fusarium; grain; level; moisture; scopulariopsis; seeds; ssp; storage; treatment; urea cache: afs-72233.pdf plain text: afs-72233.txt item: #1715 of 2310 id: afs-72234 author: Lahtinen, Seppo title: Transformation of the rheological properties of a soya oil-in-water emulsion as a result of the addition of salt substitutes date: 1986 words: 2353 flesch: 57 summary: Index words: emulsions, rheological properties, sodium chloride, salt substitutes, alginates, xanthan gum Introduction Few systematical studies exist concerning the influences of inorganic salts on macromo- lecular compounds in an emulsion system. The same pH value and salt con- centration as above were used in this latter type of emulsion. keywords: alginate; emulsion; nacl; properties; salt; sodium; water cache: afs-72234.pdf plain text: afs-72234.txt item: #1716 of 2310 id: afs-72235 author: Erjala, Matti title: Control of manganese deficiency in sugar beet by placement of a manganated compound fertilizer date: 1986 words: 3023 flesch: 63 summary: Addition of manganese fertilizer in the soil also involves some problems, because manga- nese rapidly becomes inavailable to plants when mixed into a well limed and tilled soil. Effect of the treatments on the quantity and quality of sugar beet yield. keywords: beet; compound; deficiency; fertilizer; foliage; manganese; placement; soil; sugar cache: afs-72235.pdf plain text: afs-72235.txt item: #1717 of 2310 id: afs-72236 author: Tulisalo, Unto; Wuori, Tuomo title: Blossom beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) as a yield factor in turnip rape (Brassica campestris L.) date: 1986 words: 6767 flesch: 74 summary: 226 The abundance and population growth of blossom beetles Blossom beetles feed on the pollen of many different plant species (Pruffer 1958), but in Fig. Blossom beetle numbers observed on winter and spring rapes during the summer of 1977. keywords: beetles; blossom; blossom beetles; control; fig; flowering; number; plants; rape; seed; spring; stage; turnip; winter; yield cache: afs-72236.pdf plain text: afs-72236.txt item: #1718 of 2310 id: afs-72237 author: Tammisola, Jussi title: Populations in clonal plants date: 1986 words: 22113 flesch: 61 summary: In clonal plant populations, there is usual- ly a certain degree of sexual reproduction as well. Plant populations show hierarchy at two levels: ramets and genets. keywords: breeding; clonal; clonality; clones; community; degree; dispersal; distribution; diversity; growth; harper; indices; levin; new; number; parent; plants; pollen; population; ramets; reproduction; seed; self; size; species; variance; variation cache: afs-72237.pdf plain text: afs-72237.txt item: #1719 of 2310 id: afs-72238 author: Karjalainen, Reijo; Kortet, Salme title: Environmental and genetic variation in protein content of peas under northern growing conditions and breeding implications date: 1987 words: 4205 flesch: 61 summary: Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 59: I—9, 1987 Environmental and genetic variation in protein content of peas under northern growing conditions and breeding implications REIJO KARJALAINEN and »SALME KORTET Departments of Plant Pathology and Plant Breeding, University of Helsinki SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland *Department of Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, SF-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Abstract. Association of protein content in peas with climatic factors was studied on data based on official cultivar trials at six locations in southern Finland in 1978—1985. keywords: content; häm; july; kjo; kvo; kym; lou; protein; protein content; variation cache: afs-72238.pdf plain text: afs-72238.txt item: #1720 of 2310 id: afs-72239 author: Kangas, Juhani; Louhelainen, Kyösti; Husman, Kaj title: Gaseous health hazards in livestock confinement buildings date: 1987 words: 2728 flesch: 60 summary: Gas concentrations were measured on 16 farms (eight cattle farms, five piggeries, three poultry yards) mainly during wintertime. There is, however, little in- formation on occupational hygiene measure- ments of gas concentrations in different live- stock buildings. keywords: ammonia; buildings; cmvm3; concentrations; confinement; hydrogen; piggeries; poultry; sulfide; yards cache: afs-72239.pdf plain text: afs-72239.txt item: #1721 of 2310 id: afs-72240 author: Hälvä, S.; Puukka, L. title: Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): I Herb yield of dill and basil affected by fertilization date: 1987 words: 2723 flesch: 72 summary: Estimating the yield by the amount of N fertilizer indicated that dill yield would increase up to the fertilizing rate of 1.15 and basil yield up to 1.0 (in 1985) or 1.50(in 1984)kg N/100 m 2 after which the herb yields will decrease. Response of dill yield to basic fertilization in 1984 (yl, observations marked with x) and 1985 (y2, observations with o). keywords: basil; dill; fertilization; herb; kg/100; yield cache: afs-72240.pdf plain text: afs-72240.txt item: #1722 of 2310 id: afs-72241 author: Hälvä, S.; Huopalahti, R.; Mäkinen, S. title: Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): II Oil yield of dill affected by fertilization date: 1987 words: 2830 flesch: 66 summary: The small nitrogen doses (30 —40 kg N/ha) gave also good results in respect to oil yield and the amount of 3,6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran, the most important aroma compound in the dill herb. The results of this study clearly point out that the optimum dill herb in respect to the herb and oil yield, and the amount of 3,6- dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran, the character impact compound in dill herb, is reached by a rather low nitrogen supply (30 —40 kg N/ha). keywords: aroma; content; dill; fertilization; herb; oil; yield cache: afs-72241.pdf plain text: afs-72241.txt item: #1723 of 2310 id: afs-72242 author: Hälvä, S. title: Studies on fertilization of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) lll Oil yield of basil affected by fertilization date: 1987 words: 2355 flesch: 66 summary: Influence of soil salinity on produc- tion of seeds and essential oil content of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Response of N and P on yield and essential oil content of dill in non-saline alkali soils. keywords: aroma; basil; content; fenotype; fertilization; herb; oil; plants cache: afs-72242.pdf plain text: afs-72242.txt item: #1724 of 2310 id: afs-72243 author: Hälvä, S. title: Studies on production techniques of some herb plants: I Effect of Agryl P17 mulching on herb yield and volatile oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) date: 1987 words: 2508 flesch: 71 summary: These results confirm with those of Härdh and Härdh (1972) and Härdh (1978), who found higher oil content in marjoram grown in a greenhouse than outdoors. Agryl Pl 7 mulching increased basil yield at all locations. keywords: agryl; basil; content; herb; marjoram; oil; yield cache: afs-72243.pdf plain text: afs-72243.txt item: #1725 of 2310 id: afs-72244 author: Hälvä, S. title: Studies on production techniques of some herb plants: II Row spacing and cutting height of dill herb (anethum graveolens L.) date: 1987 words: 1385 flesch: 72 summary: Index words: cutting, dill, herb yield, row spacing Introduction Many studies have been carried out to determine the optimum plant density for hor- ticultural crops, however, only few of those are for herb plants. RESEARCH NOTE Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 59: 37—40, 1987 STUDIES ON PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES OF SOME HERB PLANTS II Row spacing and cutting height of dill herb (Anethum graveolens L.) HÄLYÄ, S. Dept, of Horticulture, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 HELSINKI, Finland Abstract. keywords: dill; dry; herb; leaves; row cache: afs-72244.pdf plain text: afs-72244.txt item: #1726 of 2310 id: afs-72245 author: Yli-Halla, Markku title: Sulphate sorption by Finnish mineral soils date: 1987 words: 3008 flesch: 64 summary: This is reflected in the values of water-soluble phos- phorus (Hartikainen 1982) which might be used as an estimate of phosphorus concen- tration in soil solution (Amarasiri and Olsen 1973). Water ligands are more easily displaced by sulphate than hydroxyls (Rajan 1978), and therefore Al compounds offer in Finnish soils within normal pH range more easily accessible sites for sorption of sulphate than do Fe com- pounds as was observed in the present study. keywords: index; phosphate; phosphorus; soil; sorption; sulphate; sulphur cache: afs-72245.pdf plain text: afs-72245.txt item: #1727 of 2310 id: afs-72246 author: Westermarck, Hakon W. title: Selenium in long term feeding and the frequency of White Muscle Disease in cattle in Finland during the years 1978—1985 date: 1987 words: 2195 flesch: 65 summary: The decrease of WMD cases reflects a better Se status in cattle as a whole, and has also contributed to an increase in the Se content in animal products. The effect of Se supplementation The amount of Se fed to animals in the after a summer with a rainfall of 137.8 mm/ month in the interior, there was a lower fre- quency of WMD than in the coastal area where therainfall was only 103,8 mm/month. keywords: area; cattle; finland; heifers; selenium; wmd cache: afs-72246.pdf plain text: afs-72246.txt item: #1728 of 2310 id: afs-72247 author: Salovaara, H.; Karjalainen, R. title: Spring wheat mixtures in northern crop production: Quality characteristics date: 1987 words: 1865 flesch: 61 summary: In the present study we have grown mix- tures of two or three spring wheat cultivars over two years in small scale field trials in order to obtain an idea of the potential of mixed cropping with respect to wheat quality. Flowever, our recent studies (Karjalainen and Salovaara 1986) suggest that Septoria nodorum can af- fect wheat quality. keywords: characteristics; components; disease; kadett; mixtures; quality; tähti; wheat cache: afs-72247.pdf plain text: afs-72247.txt item: #1729 of 2310 id: afs-72248 author: Niskanen, Raina; Mäntylahti, Väinö title: Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: I Drying of soil samples date: 1987 words: 1589 flesch: 68 summary: Drying Drying H 2O %of dry soil method time Soi] , Soi , 2 Sojl 3 50°C 4 h 1.25b 2.02b 2.95 8 h 1.34b 1.90b 3.1 l d 70°C 4 h 1.58- 2.35 3.90'* 8 h 2.01 r* 2.49 d 3.64 105°C 4 h 1.96* 2.94 s 4,17 8 h 2.06 s 2.88's 4.74 k H 2S0 4 8 h 0.87» 1.43» 2.06» 3 d 1.68“* 2.50cd 3.73 7 d 1,78d 2.64 dc 3.97* 10 d 1.77d 2.64 dc 3.978 17 d 1.88* 2.77« 4.13 21 d 1,85 dcf8 2.70 4.05*' P 20 5 8 h 1.00» 1.52» 2.22b 3 d 1,73dc 2.50 d 3.75 7 d 1.89* 2.65 dc 3.97* 10 d 1.89d8 2.64 dc 3.97e h 14 d 1,92d8 2.70 4.03*' 24 d 2.03* 2.83r* 4.21' 28 d 1.99'* 2.73 4,10 Soils tested separately 64 The non-colloidal particles have a small quantity of adsorbed water which is easily removed from their surfaces by heating (Gardner 1965). Thermodynamics of soil water: IV. keywords: drying; soil cache: afs-72248.pdf plain text: afs-72248.txt item: #1730 of 2310 id: afs-72249 author: Niskanen, Raina; Mäntylahti, Väinö title: Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: II Dependence of soil specific surface area on clay and organic carbon content date: 1987 words: 2805 flesch: 72 summary: Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 59: 67—72, 1987 Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption II Dependence of soil specific surface area on clay and organic carbon content Despite various uncertainties involved in the measurement of surface area, we still agree with Hillel(1971) who claims that the mea- surement of soil specific surface area may eventually prove a more significant and per- tinent index for characterizing a soil than the particle-size distribution. keywords: area; clay; content; soil; surface; water cache: afs-72249.pdf plain text: afs-72249.txt item: #1731 of 2310 id: afs-72250 author: Yli-Halla, Markku; Palko, Jukka title: Mineral element content of oats (Avena sativa L.) in an acid sulphate soil area of Tupos village, northern Finland date: 1987 words: 2682 flesch: 72 summary: Tupos soils have previously been character- ized in detail by Erviö and Palko (1984). As for Zn, its solubility in Tupos soils proved to be dependent on soil pH (Palko and Yli-Halla 1987), but the variation in the Zn content of the oats seemed not to be affected by this re- lationship. keywords: acid; content; oats; soils; sulphate; tupos cache: afs-72250.pdf plain text: afs-72250.txt item: #1732 of 2310 id: afs-72251 author: Juga, J.; Syväjärvi, J.; Vilva, V. title: A simulation study for optimizing the use of dairy bulls in breeding programs date: 1987 words: 3266 flesch: 61 summary: number of number of number of young bulls daughters in tested bulls progeny test 1: 132 180 24 2: 132 180 12 3: 238 100 24 4: 238 100 12 5: 477 50 24 Weights that were used in overall selection index. /year proportions of bulls used for inseminations: 60 % with young bulls 34 % with tested bulls 6 % with beef bulls inseminations required: 1.7 inseminations/pregnancy young bulls; 10.7 inseminations/lactation record tested bulls: 3.6 inseminations/lactation record (37 % of Ist lactation records were made by daughters of young bulls 63 % of Ist lactation records were made by daughters of tested bulls) 6 bull sires/year tested bulls were used for 3 years generation interval in sire to son path was 8 years heritabilities: milk production 0.25 fertility 0.05 seminated with tested bull semen or with young bull semen were fixed (Table 1). keywords: breeding; bulls; fertility; genetic; milk; number; production; response; selection cache: afs-72251.pdf plain text: afs-72251.txt item: #1733 of 2310 id: afs-72252 author: Vestberg, Mauritz title: The effect of preceding crops on damping-off of sugar beet and some ecological properties of the fungus Pythium Pringsh date: 1987 words: 6535 flesch: 68 summary: A. GROWING PERIOD 4 Sugar beet in rotation Emergence, % Post-emergence damping-off, °7o Peat Very fine Sandy Peat Very fine Sandy Preceding crops % soil sand soil clay Mean soil sand soil clay Mean S-S-S 100 77.0 55.0 83.0 71.7 47.2 35.6 4.1 29.0 ( =0) ( =0) ( =0) ( =0) ( = 0) ( =0) Fb-Fb-S 33 + 19.0 +2.3 +1.3 79.2 —21.8 —13.0 + 1.1 17.7 Fb-S-Fb 33 +14.7 +16.7 —12.0 78.1 —23.6 —12.9 + 12.9 21.1 B-B-S 33 +20.3 +33.3 + 15.7 94.8 —35.2 —1.3 —2.5 16.0 B-S-B 33 +20.3 +42.3 —3.0 91.5 —23.1 —13.3 —2.7 15.9 G-S-G 33 +8.7 +30.7 +2.7 85.7 +3.9 +5.5 —0.7 31.9 G-G-G 0 +9.0 +26.7 + 11.7 87.5 —4.6 —17.5 —3.1 20.6 F-value 1.391.04 1.83 2.84* 0.920.74 LSDtoos 18.9 B. GROWING PERIOD 8 Sugar beet ' Emergence, % Post-emergence damping-off, % in rotation peat Very fine Sandy Peat Very fine Sandy Preceding crops % soil sand soil clay Mean soil sand soil clay Mean S-S-S-S-F-S-S 86 60.3 55.7 59.7 58.6 29.0 38.4 37.0 34.8 ( =0) ( =0) ( =0) ( =0) ( = 0) ( =0) Fb-Fb-S-S-F-Fb-Fb 29 +1.4 —15.7 —9.4 51.0 —9.3 —28.4 —24.7 14.0 Fb-S-Fb-S-F-Fb-S 43 +5.0 —23.4 +7.1 54.9 —1.7 —30.8 +0.3 24.1 B-B-S-S-F-B-B 29 +3.4 —12.4 —13.0 51.2 —19.3 —5.8 —28.7 16.9 B-S-B-S-F-B-S 43 + 15.7 —B.O + 10.6 64.7 —2.0 —13.8 —4.7 28.0 G-S-G-S-F-G-S 43 +6.0 +7.4 + 10.3 66.2 —13.7 —6.4 —12.7 23.9 G-G-G-S-F-G-G 14 —ll.O +4.4 +8.3 59.2 —13.0 —0.4 —25.3 21.9 F-value LSDt0 os 1.33 3.07* 1.12 0.89 0.79 4.82** 23.8 20.5 Key: S =Sugar beet Fb =Field bean B =Barley G = Grass F =Fallow the peat soil. keywords: beet; crops; density; emergence; experiment; growing; inoculum; number; pythium; soil; sugar; sugar beet cache: afs-72252.pdf plain text: afs-72252.txt item: #1734 of 2310 id: afs-72253 author: Huhtanen, Pekka title: The effect of dietary inclusion of barley, unmolassed sugar beet pulp and molasses on milk production, digestibility and digesta passage in dairy cows given silage based diet date: 1987 words: 11962 flesch: 70 summary: Statistical significance of effectTreatmentFatty acid SEM A B C D E 24 df AB v. AD v. AE v. C. v. DE BE BD other 4:0 3.65 3.60 3.60 3.34 3.47 0.07 ** NS NS NS 6:0 to 14:1 24.2 24.1 23.8 24.6 23.4 0.73 NS NS NS NS 16:0 to 16:1 35.2 34.9 34.4 32.8 33.2 0.64 *» NS NS NS 18:0 10.2 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.8 0.25 NS NS NS NS 18:1 19.7 20.0 20.3 20.6 22.0 0.96 NS NS NS NS 18:2 2.36 2.32 2.39 2.59 2.46 0.06 ** NS NS NS 18:3 0.58 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.03 NS NS NS NS All unsaturated fatty acids 26.0 26.4 26.4 27.1 28.7 1.10 NS NS NS NS Fatty acids with odd number of C 3.54 3.42 3.45 3.98 3.66 0.10 ** * NS NS For significance: see Table 3. Statistical significance of effectTreatment SEM A B C D E 24 df AB v. AD v. AE v. C. v. DE BE BD other Milk yield (kg/d) 23.3 21.9 24.0 24.4 23.0 0.37 ** **• NS » FCM yield (kg/d) 26.5 24.8 27.0 26.4 25.1 0.43 NS •* NS • Fat yield (g/d) 1146 1069 1159 1109 1064 20 NS ** NS •1146 1069 1159 1109 1064 20 NS •* NS • Protein yield (g/d) 715 682 757 755 706 13 • •• NS Milk composition Fat (g/kg) 49.1 49.0 48.2 45.5 46.4 0.60 *** NS NS NS Protein (g/kg) 30.6 31.0 31.4 30.8 30.8 0.42 NS NS NS NS Live weight Mean (kg) 512 511 518 514 512 2.2 NS NS NS NS Change (kg/d) 0.16 0.15 —0.19 —0.06 0.20 0.14 NS NS NS NS Feed conversion FFU/kg FCM 1 0.383 0.358 0.366 0.359 0.351 0.013 NS NS NS NS kg DM/kg FCM 0.617 0.616 0.580 0.592 0.625 0.009 NS NS NS ** DCP g/kg FCM 2 60.6 59.9 55.7 56.7 60.7 1.00 NS NS NS *• Production feed units; intake corrected for maintenance and live weight change 2 Production DCP; intake corrected for maintenance For significance: see Table 3. (Table 5). keywords: barley; cows; dairy; diets; digestibility; effect; energy; fat; intake; milk; molasses; protein; sbp; sbp diets; silage; supplements; yield cache: afs-72253.pdf plain text: afs-72253.txt item: #1735 of 2310 id: afs-72254 author: Tegel, Satu title: Clone selection in the Lonicera tatarica complex date: 1987 words: 4704 flesch: 78 summary: The aim was to register L. tatarica clones and to col- lect beautiful, healthy and hardy ones. Valituista kannoista 7 oli aitoja rusokuusa- mia (L. latarica L.), neljä punakukkaista ja kolme val- kokukkaista. keywords: bella; berries; clones; flowers; hybrids; red; tatarica cache: afs-72254.pdf plain text: afs-72254.txt item: #1736 of 2310 id: afs-72255 author: Yli-Halla, Markku; Viikari, Esko; Palonen, Juha title: Quantity and quality of potato yield as influenced by unbalanced and excessive fertilization date: 1987 words: 4041 flesch: 71 summary: Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 59: 131—139, 1987 Quantity and quality of potato yield as influenced by unbalanced and excessive fertilization MARKKU YLI-HALLA, ESKO VIIKARI and JUHA PALONEN Kemira Oy, Espoo Research Centre, Luoteisrinne 2 SF-02270 ESPOO. Total potato yields (t/ha) and percentages of various tuber size fractions. keywords: content; fertilization; fertilizer; flavour; mealiness; potato; soil; table cache: afs-72255.pdf plain text: afs-72255.txt item: #1737 of 2310 id: afs-72256 author: Niskanen, Raina title: Release of phosphorus, aluminium and iron in fractionation of inorganic soil phosphorus date: 1987 words: 2400 flesch: 64 summary: Pro- portions of P extracted by 0.5 M NH 4F (0.2—10.4 mmol/kg soil) and 0.1 M NaOH (0.1— 9.8 mmol/kg soil) were related to the molar ratio of oxalate-extractable iron and aluminium. Al extracted by 0.1 M NaOH (7 —174 mmol/kg soil) and 0.25 M H 2 S04 (17 —112 mmol/kg soil) amounted to 55—94 % and 16—245 °7o of oxalate-extractable Al, respectively. keywords: aluminium; iron; oxalate; phosphate; phosphorus; soil cache: afs-72256.pdf plain text: afs-72256.txt item: #1738 of 2310 id: afs-72257 author: Karjalainen, Reijo title: Professori Eeva Tapio 60-vuotias date: 1987 words: 1306 flesch: 39 summary: Erityisesti molekyylibiologiset ja geenitekno- logiset menetelmät ovat jo tulleet hyvin kes- keisiksi kasvipatologiassa, ja jo nyt voidaan sanoa, että näiden uusien menetelmien avul- la kasvitautien torjuntaa voidaan lähitulevai- suudessa oleellisesti tehostaa. Hän ymmärsi myös jo var- hain ryhmätyön ja tieteidenvälisen yhteistyön merkityksen, mikä heijastuu myös kasvipato- logian laitoksen nykyisessä tutkimustoimin- nassa. keywords: eeva; hän; pathology; plant; professor; research; tapio; vuonna cache: afs-72257.pdf plain text: afs-72257.txt item: #1739 of 2310 id: afs-72258 author: Thordal-Christensen, Hans; Gregersen, Per L.; Andersen, Jan B.; Smedegaars-Petersen, Viggo title: Induction of defence reactions in plants date: 1987 words: 10897 flesch: 54 summary: Our results of induced resistance up to 10 hours after inoculation are in agreement with the findings that resistance elicitors are often non-specific (Ayers et al. 1976, Bostock et al. 1981, Rohwer et al. 1987). Induced resistance was mainly localized to the epidermal cells attacked by the inducer, but an effect was also present in the surrounding epidermal cells. keywords: barley; barley powdery; cell; elicitors; et al; host; inducer; infection; inoculation; mildew; pathogen; petersen; plant; powdery; powdery mildew; race; resistance; response; virulent cache: afs-72258.pdf plain text: afs-72258.txt item: #1740 of 2310 id: afs-72259 author: Seppänen, Esko title: Bacterial and fungal diseases of potatoes in Finland date: 1987 words: 3597 flesch: 69 summary: Va- rietal resistance of potato tubers to someFusarium spe- cies. b. Fusariums of the potato in Finland V. Fur- ther investigations on the growth optima of Fusarium species in potato tubers. keywords: agric; blight; control; diseases; fenn; finland; koetoim; potato; potatoes; resistance; seppänen cache: afs-72259.pdf plain text: afs-72259.txt item: #1741 of 2310 id: afs-72260 author: Bremer, Katri title: Virus diseases of berry plants in Finland date: 1987 words: 3764 flesch: 68 summary: They often show symptoms of virus diseases (Jamalainen 1957) as well as virus-like yellow fleck symptoms caused by the mite Eriophyes gracilis (Lindroth (Tiro) 1902). According to Tapio (1961), several virus diseases occur in Finland, e.g. red raspberry mosaic, raspberry vein chlorosis, raspberry vein banding, rasp- berry yellows, raspberry leaf mottle, and rasp- berry leaf curl, but they have not been de- scribed in more detail. keywords: black; bremer; currants; diseases; finland; plants; raspberry; ring; seed; strawberry; virus; virus diseases; viruses cache: afs-72260.pdf plain text: afs-72260.txt item: #1742 of 2310 id: afs-72261 author: Kurppa, Aarne; Vuento, Matti title: A simple kit for rapid field diagnosis of potato virus Y by latex serological test date: 1987 words: 5270 flesch: 60 summary: Index words: virus detection, serology, latex test, ELISA, potato virus Y, PVY Introduction Serological diagnosis of plant viruses has developed drastically during the past decade, particularly with the introduction of labelled antibody techniques, especially the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Clark and Adams 1977). Test latexes pre- Table 2. keywords: agglutination; card; detection; elisa; latex; latex test; leaf; potato; potato virus; pvy; samples; sprouts; test; virus; viruses cache: afs-72261.pdf plain text: afs-72261.txt item: #1743 of 2310 id: afs-72262 author: Karjalainen, Reijo; Rouhiainen, Leo; Söderlund, Hans title: Diagnosis of plant viruses by nucleic acid hybridization date: 1987 words: 7039 flesch: 58 summary: Index words; virus detection, cDNA probes, potato virus X (PVX), spot hybridization, sandwich hybridization 179 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=DjZpFvVO8uY2ig7J.plBsf58FTrthtEGT3tutMA.xMVE7-ZscQ6WTZCbwV2S3-LEOftKqYJAy3-gYyszGgRNTOcQ0mq0LIz6XC8CwCo5TNvLanMwiSmZxjiKBO1byla6mcy7FZHNJrHHa25OzZsZrrk4AnFfZcELoZhN2nhk-eVJ-bN2aCWjsY168WcboboR0eLbmDXLUz3-Ik63rpyMk8cfAnPfkJOoZGRAN_Bg-oe2d8n3OZ87r7r-9navboEjw3o Introduction Crop losses caused by plant viruses are cur- Use of RNA pro- bes to detect plant RNA viruses. keywords: 1984; 1985; acid; cdna; detection; dna; et al; hybridization; plant; potato; probes; pvx; rna; sensitivity; virus; viruses cache: afs-72262.pdf plain text: afs-72262.txt item: #1744 of 2310 id: afs-72263 author: Oxelfelt, Per; Tomenius, Karin title: Immunogold cytochemistry in plant virus research, A review date: 1987 words: 2433 flesch: 52 summary: Applications The first reports on the use of immunogold cytochemistry in the study of plant viruses ap- peared in 1983. After applying the gold-IgG complex they found strong uniform specific labelling over crystal- line aggregates of virus particles. keywords: antibodies; cells; gold; langenberg; mosaic; plant; protein; virus cache: afs-72263.pdf plain text: afs-72263.txt item: #1745 of 2310 id: afs-72264 author: Tahvonen, Risto; Avikainen, Hanna title: The biological control of seed-borne Alternaria brassicicola of cruciferous plants with a powdery preparation of Streptomyces sp. date: 1987 words: 3689 flesch: 57 summary: The effectiveness of the Streptomyces pow- der remained unchanged on dressed seed stored for a period of 4—6 weeks. The treatment was still effective on dressed seed stored for as long as 18 weeks, although less effective than after a short storage period (Figs. 1 and 2). keywords: alternaria; brassicicola; control; dressing; effectiveness; fig; lots; peat; preparation; seed; streptomyces cache: afs-72264.pdf plain text: afs-72264.txt item: #1746 of 2310 id: afs-72265 author: Sundheim, Leif title: Cloning and conjugational transfer of chitinase encoding genes date: 1987 words: 2510 flesch: 58 summary: A Tn 3 LacZ transposon made by Stachel et al. (1985) serves both as a transposon mutagen and generates gene fusions that can be exploited to study gene expression. A Tn 3 lacZ transposon for the random generation of ff-galactosida.se gene fusion: application to the analysis of gene expression in Agrobacleriuin. keywords: chitinase; cloning; fig; gene; marcescens; plant; plasmid; transposon cache: afs-72265.pdf plain text: afs-72265.txt item: #1747 of 2310 id: afs-72266 author: Brishammer, Sture title: Critical aspects of phytoalexins in potato date: 1987 words: 8553 flesch: 57 summary: Added rishitin can probably be metabolized by cells in which all metabolic pathways are activated as in photosynthesizing cells or tuber cells with an activated citric acid cycle (Kahl 1974). In pathogens inducing phytoalexin synthesis in host cells the course of infection will vary, depending on pathogen type. keywords: activity; cells; et al; fungus; host; infection; infestans; pathogens; phytoalexins; plant; potato; rishitin; sesquiterpenes; substances; tissues; tubers cache: afs-72266.pdf plain text: afs-72266.txt item: #1748 of 2310 id: afs-72267 author: Sumelius, John title: The Returns to Investment in Agricultural Research in Finland 1950—1984 date: 1987 words: 48099 flesch: 63 summary: If for a moment we forget the doubts about the reliability of the parameter estimate of research, which is equal to the marginal product, and assume it is 0.016 for public research, which is the smallest pa- rameter estimate of public research, and 0.022 for total research estimate, as indicated by regressions (2) and (6), we can calculate an elasticity with respect to research input. According to the definiti- on of elasticity, it shows the percentage change in production when research input is changed by 1 %. keywords: aggregate; agricultural; change; estimate; extension; fim; inputs; labour; lag; lags; level; production; production function; productivity; public; rate; regression; research; research benefits; research capital; research coefficient; research costs; research elasticity; research expenditures; research flow; research input; research production; research research; research results; research stock; research variable; respect; return; study; table; total; value; variables cache: afs-72267.pdf plain text: afs-72267.txt item: #1749 of 2310 id: afs-72268 author: Työppönen, Jouko; Berg, Hans; Valtonen, Maija title: Effects of dietary supplement of methionine and lysine on blood parameters and fur quality in blue fox during low-protein feeding date: 1987 words: 2599 flesch: 64 summary: The present paper describes an experiment where the possible beneficial effects of supplemental 355 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=hmi9RWLuw_GAxKBc._SqVlbi9eILyAZ-3GiPF3Q.eJ49LeJ5auHXXr-pojRhKmqi5yiLJPLwbXagQM2icfqG0YVBdt3lgbvOUgQLz2IL-VBxz9Jx9fWVUyH0BxRJOjp-TeKdcECNmk_rUWa15fF6KsQMYC-lqhu6vDq4h1PZ4FRb6hglcgihrM2oQELn7AiAY_PvhR4fj0RVMXWXjlWX-pu6DN8r2W3SigkR5QojgDF9RKpcCDS2lG_VMhFs67ilzR1fbg methionine and lysine were studied in blue fox fed with diets of low protein content. This is probably due to metabolic adapta- tion to lowered dietary protein content as previously shown to occur in rats (Das & Waterlow 1974). keywords: control; fur; groups; methionine; plasma; protein; table; työppönen cache: afs-72268.pdf plain text: afs-72268.txt item: #1750 of 2310 id: afs-72269 author: Rauramaa, Aino; Setälä, Jouko; Moisio, Tauno; Heikkilä, Terttu; Lampila, Martti title: The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage: I Biochemical changes in the silages date: 1987 words: 4146 flesch: 62 summary: Assess- ment of the quality of AIV silage. Effect of inoculants, grain and formic acid on silage fermentation. keywords: acid; aiv; cellulase; fermentation; grass; preservation; silage cache: afs-72269.pdf plain text: afs-72269.txt item: #1751 of 2310 id: afs-72270 author: Rauramaa, Aino; Setälä, Jouko; Moisio, Tauno; Sivelä, Seppo; Heikkilä, Terttu; Lampila, Martti title: The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage: II Microbiological changes in the silages date: 1987 words: 2918 flesch: 58 summary: The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage. The effects of formicand propionic acids in the aerobic deterioration of grass silage in laboratory units. keywords: acid; additives; bacteria; cellulase; contents; silages cache: afs-72270.pdf plain text: afs-72270.txt item: #1752 of 2310 id: afs-72271 author: Laurema, Seppo; Varis, Anna-Liisa title: The fluoride content of Finnish honey date: 1987 words: 3292 flesch: 64 summary: The aim of the present study was to determine fluoride in honey samples collected from different areas of Finland, and to compare the results with thefluoride content of the groundwater. The concentrations were lowest in eastern and northern Finland, where the amount of fluoride in the soil is small, and higher on the coast and areas where more fluoride occurs in the groundwater and bed- rock. keywords: concentrations; content; finland; fluoride; groundwater; helsinki; honey; samples cache: afs-72271.pdf plain text: afs-72271.txt item: #1753 of 2310 id: afs-72272 author: Roivainen, Päivi title: The in vivo growth and development of micropropagated Elatior begonias (Begonia x hiemalis): I. Study on the effect of lighting and substrate date: 1987 words: 4802 flesch: 68 summary: The following Elatior begonia cultivars were studied: ’Afrodite’, ’Afrodite Special’, 'Afrodite Rosa’, ’Man- dela’, ’Barbara’, ’Connie’, ’Marja’ and ’Sirene’. Viljelytekniikan vaikutuksen selvittämiseksi järjestet- tiin keväällä 1987 valotus-ja kasvualustakoe seuraavilla mikrolisätyillä pauliinabegonialajikkeilla: ’Afrodite’, ’Afrodite Special’, ’Afrodite Rosa’, ’Mandela’, ’Barba- ra’, ’Connie’, ’Marja’ ja ’Sirene’, Kokeessa oli mukana neljä eri lampputyyppiä: suurpainenatriumlamput (Airam SNaKd 330 W), suurpaine-elohopealamput (Airam HgLX 400 W), monimetallilamput (Philips HPI/T 375 W) sekä kontrollina hehkulamput 100 W. Kokeessa mukana ol- leet kasvualustaseokset olivat 82-turve, 82-turve (3 osaa) plus perliitti (1 osa) sekä 82-turve (2 osaa) plus perliitti (2 osaa). keywords: afrodite; cultivar; elatior; lamps; lighting; peat; perlite; plants; substrate; treatment cache: afs-72272.pdf plain text: afs-72272.txt item: #1754 of 2310 id: afs-72273 author: Roivainen, Päivi title: The in vivo growth and development of micropropagated Elatior begonias (Begonia x hiemalis): II. Study on the effect of chlormequat and ancymidol date: 1987 words: 2706 flesch: 67 summary: Plants of the best quality, and thus the greatest proportions of saleable plants, were obtained by spraying once with 500 or 1000 ppm chlormequat or not using growth retar- dants at all. The greatest proportions of saleable plants were obtained by spraying once with 500 or 1000ppm chlormequat or leaving the plants untreated. keywords: ancymidol; begonia; chlormequat; elatior; flower; growth; plants; ppm cache: afs-72273.pdf plain text: afs-72273.txt item: #1755 of 2310 id: afs-72274 author: Huhtanen, Pekka title: The effects of intraruminal infusions of sucrose and xylose on nitrogen and fibre digestion in the rumen and intestines of cattle receiving diets of grass silage and barley date: 1987 words: 10180 flesch: 61 summary: Sugar I cvcl SEM Statistical signifi- W ~0 «Ö W ~s r cance of effect Sugar Level' OM 12 h 420 447 460 412 428 15.4 18.8 NS NS 24 h 599 603 616 598 587 8.9 10.9 NS NS 48 h 699 707 717 701 691 4.6 5.7 NS •• Nitrogen 12 h 741 753 753 730 758 12.4 15.2 NS NS 24 h 850 850 845 843 862 5.0 6.1 NS NS 48 h 877 882 875 876 887 4.4 5.3 NS NS N-free Om 12 h 351 382 398 345 357 16.5 20.2 NS NS 24 h 545 550 568 546 529 10.0 12.3 NS NS 48 h 664 670 684 663 649 5.0 6.1 NS •*• Resid. keywords: ammonia; concentration; digestion; duodenum; effect; infusions; level; rumen; silage; sugar; sugar level cache: afs-72274.pdf plain text: afs-72274.txt item: #1756 of 2310 id: afs-72275 author: Ahonen, Seija; Kuokkanen, Iris; Penttilä, Pirjo-Liisa title: The nitrate concentration of domestic vegetables on Helsinki market in summer and autumn 1984 date: 1987 words: 2427 flesch: 63 summary: Flowever, also among these samples there were some with high nitrate concentration. Nitrate concentration of some domestic vegetables at Helsinki district market was studied during the summer and autumn months of the year 1984. keywords: cabbage; concentration; lettuce; nitrate; samples cache: afs-72275.pdf plain text: afs-72275.txt item: #1757 of 2310 id: afs-72276 author: Hovinen, Simo title: Breeding of a protein pea ideotype for Finnish conditions date: 1988 words: 31060 flesch: 74 summary: The results of the present study indicate that abundant nitrogen application does not, on the average, increase the yield of pea varieties. Yield capacity of pea varieties compared with species mean at different yield levels by regression analysis. keywords: afila; application; breeding; characteristics; correlation; crop; fig; filby; growing; height; high; hja; leafed; lines; lodging; material; nitrogen; nodes; number; pea; pea varieties; pea yield; peas; plant; proco; protein content; protein pea; protein yield; seed yield; seeds; size; stand; stem; table; tammi; time; total; trials; varieties; variety; yield yield; yields cache: afs-72276.pdf plain text: afs-72276.txt item: #1758 of 2310 id: afs-72277 author: Niskanen, Raina; Mäntylahti, Väinö title: Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: III Comparison of surface areas determined by water vapor and nitrogen gas adsorption date: 1988 words: 2897 flesch: 62 summary: The previous study (Nis- kanen and Mäntylahti 1987 a) showed that soil surface areas determined by water vapor adsorption at p/p0 20 % were closely related to soil clay and organic carbon content. Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 60: 73—79, 1988 Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption 111 Comparison of surface areas determined by water vapor and nitrogen gas adsorption RAINA NISKANEN' and VÄINÖ MÄNTYLAHTI 2 1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland 2 Viljavuuspalvelu Oy (Soil Analysis Service Ltd.), Vellikellontie 4, SF-00410 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. keywords: adsorption; area; bet; soil; surface; vapor; water cache: afs-72277.pdf plain text: afs-72277.txt item: #1759 of 2310 id: afs-72278 author: Klen, Tapio title: Additional costs to Finnish dairy farms due to occupational safety and health date: 1988 words: 2861 flesch: 61 summary: The aim of this study is not to estimate the cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness relationship of labor protection costs, but only roughly to describe the size class of labor protection costs on typical Finnish dairy farms according to prevailing safety norms and general require- ments in Finland. In many cases it was difficult to separate labor protection costs from other production investments. keywords: cost; farm; fim; health; labor; machines; safety; value cache: afs-72278.pdf plain text: afs-72278.txt item: #1760 of 2310 id: afs-72279 author: Pietilä, Leena; Jokela, Paula title: Cultivation of minor tuber crops in Peru and Bolivia date: 1988 words: 2666 flesch: 71 summary: In ulluco fields, like in any other field, the peasants work with hoes (e.g. chaquitaclla) and ploughs drawn by men or animals as was done hundreds of years ago. So, the characteristics of ulluco fields are valid for po- tato and cereal fields, too. keywords: ahu; crops; fields; oca; peru; potato; tuber; ulluco cache: afs-72279.pdf plain text: afs-72279.txt item: #1761 of 2310 id: afs-72280 author: Hälvä, S.; Huopalahti, R.; Franz, CH. title: Herb yield and essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) at different locations date: 1988 words: 3653 flesch: 70 summary: These components are, however, of minor im- portance in dill herb oil. Index words: anethofuran, essential oil, dill herb, growing site, 3,6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran Introduction Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is one of the most important herb plants in the Nordic countries. keywords: aroma; compounds; content; dill; herb; huopalahti; locations; oil cache: afs-72280.pdf plain text: afs-72280.txt item: #1762 of 2310 id: afs-72281 author: Ahonen, Seija; Lamminsivu, Helena title: Growing techniques of potato from true seed in Finland date: 1988 words: 2838 flesch: 71 summary: Discussion The use of floating mulch did not increase tuber yield of true seed potato. Techniques for successful field seed- ing of true potato seed. keywords: explorer; method; mulch; potato; production; seed; tubers; yield cache: afs-72281.pdf plain text: afs-72281.txt item: #1763 of 2310 id: afs-72282 author: Nevala, Markku; Ojaniemi, Yrjö title: Tuloerot ja taloudellisen tuloksen vaihtelu kirjanpitotiloilla poikkileikkaus- ja aikasarja-analyysin valossa vuosina 1976—83 date: 1988 words: 4926 flesch: 54 summary: Näitä tärkeäm- pi on kuitenkin fraktiilitarkastelu, jolla voi- daan paremmin tutkia jakaumaa ja eri tyyp- pisten tilojen sijoittumista jakaumassa. Painopiste on jakau- mien muodon ja sisällön analysoinnissa. keywords: 1976—83; ajanjakson; alimmassa; coefficient; distribution; eri; että; family; farms; income; kaikkina; keskimääräinen; koko; kuin; maatalouden; maatalousylijäämän; myös; neljänneksen; neljänneksessä; oli; ovat; profitability; sekä; suomen; tilat; tiloista; tiloja; tilojen; tämä; varsin; vastaavasti; vuonna; vuosien; vuosina cache: afs-72282.pdf plain text: afs-72282.txt item: #1764 of 2310 id: afs-72283 author: Sorvari, Seppo title: Single seed analysis of fatty acids and glucosinolates combined with meristem rescue in Brassica campestris L. date: 1988 words: 4599 flesch: 61 summary: Single seed analysis offatty acids by gas chromatography Fatty acid analyses were performed with modifications of the method described by Thies (1968). Preparation of single seed samples for glucosinolate analysis was carried out with modified methods of Appelqvist & Josefsson (1967), Lein & Schön (1969), Jurges & Thies (1980), Heaney & Fenwick (1981) and Daun & McGregor (1981). keywords: 0,4; acid; analysis; concentration; fatty; glucose; glucosinolate; hours; method; outer; pmol; seed cache: afs-72283.pdf plain text: afs-72283.txt item: #1765 of 2310 id: afs-72284 author: Evers, Aino-Maija title: Effects of different fertilization practices on the growth, yield and dry matter content of carrot date: 1988 words: 7465 flesch: 66 summary: Dragland (1978) has reported that an early drought period from the two true leaf stage onwards resulted in higher carrot root yield. Fertilization In placement fertilization treatments (Ta- ble 1) the granular NPK fertilizer (10-4-17 with microelements) was placed 8 cm deep in the soil, and the fertilizer rows were marked. keywords: broadcast; carrot; content; fertilization; matter; npk; placement; root; shoot; soil; treatments; yield cache: afs-72284.pdf plain text: afs-72284.txt item: #1766 of 2310 id: afs-72285 author: Vestberg, M. title: Damping-off of sugar beet with special reference to the fungus Pythium Pringsheim date: 1988 words: 11891 flesch: 71 summary: Applications The method yielded 4 types of soil borne Pythium species from sugar beet soils includ- ing the pathogenic type (IV, Fig. 1). In this study, however, the species of Pythium found very commonly in Finnish sugar beet soils is named P. debaryanum after Waterhouse (1967). keywords: beet seedlings; betae; borne; conditions; control; debaryanum; disease; effect; emergence; experiments; field; finland; fungi; fusarium; hymexazol; inoculum; phoma; phytopath; plant; pythium; seedlings; soil; species; study; sugar beet; table; temperature cache: afs-72285.pdf plain text: afs-72285.txt item: #1767 of 2310 id: afs-72286 author: Kivi, E. I. title: 75 years of agricultural plant breeding date: 1988 words: 612 flesch: 50 summary: Each writer works on the northern frontier of his crop species, and is seeking solutions for breeding plants with high adaptibility to the extremityof the growing environment. Domestic plant breeding has played a deci- sive role in agricultural development. keywords: breeding; plant; varieties cache: afs-72286.pdf plain text: afs-72286.txt item: #1768 of 2310 id: afs-72287 author: Ruuth, Per title: Resistance of cruciferous crops to turnip root fly date: 1988 words: 5091 flesch: 70 summary: Cultivar Haparanda Umeä Surviving Pupae Surviving Pupae plants % per plant plants % per plant Brassica oleracea Cauliflower with low root damage index (Diana line) 17 18 60 10 Cauliflower with high root damage index (Igloo line) 13 22 50 20 Kale cv. From pupae collect- ed in field plots one year the ratio of turnip to cabbage root fly was 7 : 1 at Haparanda and 9 : 1 at Umeä (Alborn et al. 1985). keywords: cabbage; cultivars; field; fly; plants; rape; resistance; root; root fly; turnip; turnip root cache: afs-72287.pdf plain text: afs-72287.txt item: #1769 of 2310 id: afs-72288 author: Juuti, Tapio title: Targets in the breeding of spring wheat date: 1988 words: 4268 flesch: 68 summary: It has not been possible to increase the earliness of spring wheat varieties from that of the local varieties cultivated before breeded varieties. It was not until in the 1930 s that purposeful research into spring wheat quality and breed- ing to improve it started at Finnish plant breeding institutes. keywords: breeding; conditions; content; cultivars; finland; protein; quality; spring; spring wheat; varieties; wheat cache: afs-72288.pdf plain text: afs-72288.txt item: #1770 of 2310 id: afs-72289 author: Aikasalo, Reino title: The results of six-row barley breeding and the genetic origin of varieties released date: 1988 words: 6307 flesch: 72 summary: Six- row varieties dominate today, the share of two-row varieties being approx. Secondly, the to- tal number of barley varieties grown in Fin- land has increased during the last 10 years, resulting in a smaller acreage per variety. keywords: barley; breeding; earliness; finland; hankkijan; kivi; landraces; olli; otra; pirkka; plant; row; straw; tammi; type; varieties; variety cache: afs-72289.pdf plain text: afs-72289.txt item: #1771 of 2310 id: afs-72290 author: Rekunen, Matti title: Advances in the breeding of oats Comparative trials with historical varieties in 1977—87 date: 1988 words: 5916 flesch: 69 summary: From 1977 to 1987, variety trials were conducted at two test sites in order to determine the agronomic value of old oat varieties as compared to that of the varieties presently grown. The development of the yielding capacity of oat varieties during six decades is revealed clearly. keywords: breeding; cent; content; cross; grains; oat; siemenjulkaisu; time; trial; varieties; variety; weight; yield cache: afs-72290.pdf plain text: afs-72290.txt item: #1772 of 2310 id: afs-72291 author: Rognli, Odd Arne title: Species aspects of breeding herbage varieties for northern marginal regions date: 1988 words: 4929 flesch: 58 summary: 60: 181—189, 1988 Species aspects of breeding herbage varieties for northern marginal regions ODD ARNE ROGNLI Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural University of Norway, N-1432 Äs-NLH, Norway Abstract. Northern marginal regions are very heterogeneous as regards environmental con- ditions for plant growth. keywords: breeding; cultivars; growth; herbage; northern; plant; poa; pratensis; production; regions; seed; species; timothy cache: afs-72291.pdf plain text: afs-72291.txt item: #1773 of 2310 id: afs-72292 author: Helgadóttir , Áslaug title: Testing grass species and varieties for land reclamation in Iceland date: 1988 words: 3276 flesch: 61 summary: Grass variety trials for reclamation The search for suitable species and varie- ties for reclamation purposes began over 40 years ago (Sigurjonsson 1958). Grass variety trials for reclamation and ero- sion control. keywords: areas; fig; grass; grazing; iceland; reclamation; soil; trials; varieties cache: afs-72292.pdf plain text: afs-72292.txt item: #1774 of 2310 id: afs-72293 author: Pulli, Seppo title: Adaptation of red clover to the long day environment date: 1988 words: 6786 flesch: 76 summary: The aim of this study was to survey, for the purposes of breeding, certain adaptation characters of five red clover varieties and five local red clover strains grown in Finland. Leaf area cmVplant and individual leaflet of red clover varieties (V) grown 60 days at 12, 16 and 20 h daylengths (D). keywords: acid; bjursele; clover; cut; daylength; development; flowering; harvest; plant; red; red clover; strains; table; varieties cache: afs-72293.pdf plain text: afs-72293.txt item: #1775 of 2310 id: afs-72294 author: Kobylyanskij, V. D. title: Initial material for solving the main problems encountered in breeding winter rye in the northwestern zone of the USSR date: 1988 words: 3511 flesch: 50 summary: In recent years, based on short-strawed ana- logues of rye varieties and forms, reliable sources of resistance to grain germination in the ear were created. Short-strawed analogues of winter rye varieties best for grain quality. keywords: breeding; content; grain; protein; resistance; rust; rye; straw; varieties; winter cache: afs-72294.pdf plain text: afs-72294.txt item: #1776 of 2310 id: afs-72295 author: Hiirsalmi, Heimo title: Small fruit breeding in Finland date: 1988 words: 6985 flesch: 64 summary: Variety trials with the highbush blue- berry in Finland. Variety trials with blackcurrant conducted in Finland. keywords: arctic; berries; blueberry; bramble; breeding; crossing; cultivation; department; finland; horticulture; raspberry; species; varieties; variety cache: afs-72295.pdf plain text: afs-72295.txt item: #1777 of 2310 id: afs-72296 author: Uosukainen, M.; Tigerstedt, P. M. A. title: Breeding of frosthardy rhododendrons date: 1988 words: 7384 flesch: 62 summary: Mui- ta keskeisiä lajeja ohjelmassa olivat R. calawbiense, R. mellernichii, R. smirnowii ja R. yakushimanum. In fact, R. brachycarpum has been the only introduced rhododendron species able to reproduce generatively. keywords: arboretum; brachycarpum; breeding; crosses; finland; hardiness; helsinki; hybrids; mustila; number; plants; program; rhododendron; selection; species; subsp; total; trials; years cache: afs-72296.pdf plain text: afs-72296.txt item: #1778 of 2310 id: afs-72297 author: Dedio, Walter title: Breeding sunflower cultivars for the northern latitudes date: 1988 words: 2199 flesch: 68 summary: Index words: sunflower, early hybrids, male-sterile forms, restorer lines, dwarf hybrid Introduction The sunflower crop (Helianthus ammus L.) is rather late maturing, usually requiring over 120 days to reach physiological maturity. Private breeders have also been involved in breeding of early maturity sunflower hybrids. keywords: hybrids; krasnodarets; lines; maturity; restorer; sunflower cache: afs-72297.pdf plain text: afs-72297.txt item: #1779 of 2310 id: afs-72298 author: Hovinen, Simo title: Breeding of field bean (Vicia faba L.) with early maturity date: 1988 words: 3480 flesch: 68 summary: The production of field bean seeds was considered a means of substituting for imported protein feed sources. High seed yield is the prerequisite for high protein yield, the amount of which is the measure of protein productivity. keywords: bean; breeding; field; growing; lines; mikko; protein; seed; ukko; varieties; variety cache: afs-72298.pdf plain text: afs-72298.txt item: #1780 of 2310 id: afs-72299 author: Tammisola, Jussi title: Incompatibility classes and fruit set in natural populations of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) in Finland date: 1988 words: 62433 flesch: 65 summary: In relevant data (where uniclassic populations have been removed), the areal extent of an equivalence class (EEq) showed neither differences between fruit number classes nor a correlation with fruit number class but at a high risk probability. For in- stance, if the i lh element of the vector 6is five, ie. s(i) = 5, this means that equivalence class number five will be identified on the ilh crossing cycle. keywords: addition; app; arctic; arcticus; association; average; basis; bees; berries; bramble; cases; choice; classification; clones; correlation; crosses; crossing; density; differences; distance; distribution; equivalence classes; expression; false; field; fig; finland; flowers; fruit; fruit number; fruiting; function; hypothesis; incompatibility; incompatibility classes; information; log; maximum; method; new; number; number class; ones; order; partner; plant; pollen; population; probability; procedure; proportion; ramets; regard; results; risk; rubus; sample; seed; seed number; self; set; shoots; similarity; small; species; study; system; tab; time; type; value; variables cache: afs-72299.pdf plain text: afs-72299.txt item: #1781 of 2310 id: afs-72300 author: Maijala, K. title: History, recent development and uses of Finnsheep date: 1988 words: 2876 flesch: 75 summary: Since the sheep flocks were small and serving mainly home needs of wool, mar- kets of sheep meat were not developed at the time there were more animals. The decrease in numbers in the 1950—60’s did not stimu- late slaughter houses and meat processors to develop products and markets for the ur- banized human population, which thus be- came alienated from sheep meat. keywords: ewes; finland; finnish; flocks; meat; sheep; wool cache: afs-72300.pdf plain text: afs-72300.txt item: #1782 of 2310 id: afs-72301 author: Ådnøy, T. title: Selection for prolificacy in Finnsheep and in Norwegian sheep date: 1988 words: 2136 flesch: 78 summary: Number of lambs per lambing Through the five-year period (1982 —86) 4263 lambings were recorded. Data for LS at birth were analysed using a general least square procedure including these explanatory variables: breed group; age of ewe in years as a deviation from 3 years to the power of 1, 2 and 3 (regression); an effect of station and year; and an effect of breed group and year (to describe changes through years of the same breed group). The weights were analysed with a model ac- counting for sex, breed group, age of lamb, age of dam, age of dam squared (regr.), sta- tion, year (regr.), age of lamb x breed group, year x breed group, year x station. keywords: group; year cache: afs-72301.pdf plain text: afs-72301.txt item: #1783 of 2310 id: afs-72302 author: Puntila, M. -L. title: Many-sided performance testing of Finnsheep rams date: 1988 words: 3390 flesch: 75 summary: At the end of test rams were ultrasonically meas- ured behind the last rib. Analysis of variance for the effects of non-genetic factors on the most important traits in performance test. keywords: adg; age; feed; performance; rams; test; weight cache: afs-72302.pdf plain text: afs-72302.txt item: #1784 of 2310 id: afs-72303 author: Mansour, H.; Aboul-Naga, A. M. title: Prediction of the performance of synthetic sheep strains utilizing Finnsheep and native sheep breeds in Egypt date: 1988 words: 1847 flesch: 64 summary: A note on the effect of interbreedingamong backcrosses of sheep breeds. Reproduction performance traits studied were number of ewes conceived (ECJ), number of lambs born (LBJ), number of lambs at four months of age (L4J), kilograms born (KBJ) and kilograms at four months of age (K4J), all being per ewe joined, and number of lambs born (LBL), number of lambs at four months of age (L4L), kilograms born (KBL) and kilo- grams at four months of age (K4L), all being per ewe lambed. keywords: age; individual; number; performance cache: afs-72303.pdf plain text: afs-72303.txt item: #1785 of 2310 id: afs-72304 author: Niznikowski, R.; Tyszka, Z. J.; Janikowski, W. title: Meat, wool and milk utilization together with comparison of F1 coming from Finnsheep rams with F1 coming from other prolific breeds date: 1988 words: 1974 flesch: 73 summary: The CxF group was charac- terized by the highest concentration of milk ingredients in comparison to other groups; • decrease of wool quantity and increase of fibre thickness in crosses among which ex- treme values of those parameters were ob- served in C X W group; • increase in the fattening period and decrease in the content of valuable cuts in the car- case in the C x W group; The best fleshed and the lowest fatness of loin was observed in C X EF group. Among all experimental groups C X F group was characterized by the best reproductive parameters, high level of milk production and a small decrease of quality and quantity of produced wool, and also a good quality of produced carcases. keywords: group; lambs cache: afs-72304.pdf plain text: afs-72304.txt item: #1786 of 2310 id: afs-72305 author: Jankowski, S.; Niznikowski, R.; Tyszka, Z. title: Preliminary results from breeding experiments with Finnsheep in Poland date: 1988 words: 846 flesch: 73 summary: Line 66 excelled line 88 in lamb survival, while line 77 was a little inferior to it. Line 66 was inferior to line 77 also in lit- ter size, but it excelled line 88. 3. keywords: line; polish cache: afs-72305.pdf plain text: afs-72305.txt item: #1787 of 2310 id: afs-72306 author: Osikowski, M.; Borys, B.; Osikowski, M. A. title: Performance of crossbreds of Polish Merino dams with F1 rams: Finnsheep X Polish Merino. A. Semi-intensive fattening of ram-lambs up to 40—45 kg date: 1988 words: 2064 flesch: 59 summary: Index words: Finnsheep, Polish Merino, crossbreeding, fattening, semi-intensive, carcass quality, prolificacy, slaughter value Introduction Studies on two-stage commercial cross- breeding of Polish Merino (PM) using Finn- sheep (F) rams showed (6), in the first stage, that F, ewes had a much higher prolificacy (by about 50 %), but their wool production was lower than that of purebred PM (by 5.5 % clean yield), and F, ram lambs had a lower fattening ability and poorer slaughter value than purebred ram lambs. The positive effect of crossbreeding with F on prolificacy and negative on F, ram lambs slaughter value was also found by other authors (1). keywords: experiment; fattening; fxpmxpm; lambs cache: afs-72306.pdf plain text: afs-72306.txt item: #1788 of 2310 id: afs-72307 author: Osikowski, M.; Borys, B.; Osikowski, M. A. title: Performance of crossbreds of Polish Merino dams with F1 rams: Finnsheep x Polish Merino. B. Wool production of ewes date: 1988 words: 1254 flesch: 64 summary: Greasy and clean wool production, length and diameter of fibres as well as wool character evaluated by subjective appraisal were recorded. There was no difference between ewes born in differ- ent years in wool character, except for even- ness of assortment which was 8.0 % higher in ewes born in 1984. keywords: ewes; wool cache: afs-72307.pdf plain text: afs-72307.txt item: #1789 of 2310 id: afs-72308 author: Osikowski, M.; Borys, B.; Osikowski, M. A. title: Performance of crossbreds of Polish Merino dams with F1 rams: Finnsheep x Polish Merino. C. Preliminary results of reproductive performance of ewes date: 1988 words: 1551 flesch: 68 summary: Starting with cycle II both groups of ewes entered the system of 3 matings in 2 years (i.e. every Bth months). Lambs were weaned in cycle I at 100 days, and in cycles II and 111 at 56 days. keywords: cycles; ewes cache: afs-72308.pdf plain text: afs-72308.txt item: #1790 of 2310 id: afs-72310 author: Reklewska, B.; Tyszka, Z. J.; Niznikowski, R. title: Plasma progesterone concentration during oestrus cycle and pregnancy in Finnsheep and other prolific sheep breeds date: 1988 words: 1093 flesch: 66 summary: PP concentrations were determined in Finnsheep (n = 16), Polish Heath (n = 13), Friesian (n = 10), Zelazna (n = 12) and Karakul (n = 14). However, it is still not clear whether there is a possibility to predict the litter size (LS) on the basis of PP concentration either dur- ing oestrus cycle or during pregnancy. keywords: cycle; pregnancy cache: afs-72310.pdf plain text: afs-72310.txt item: #1791 of 2310 id: afs-72311 author: Wojcikowska-Soroczynska, M.; Sztych, D.; Swiderek, A. title: Studies on the structure of hair-forming groups in Finnsheep date: 1988 words: 352 flesch: 53 summary: The value of the nS/nP ratio in particular groups was as follows: the highest ratio was for the triple group (6.0), in the double group it amounted to 5.8, in quadruple group to 5.6 and in the hexal group to 5.3. The share of quadruple groups was 11.4 %, of double groups 8.6 % and of hexal groups 5.1 %. keywords: groups cache: afs-72311.pdf plain text: afs-72311.txt item: #1792 of 2310 id: afs-72312 author: Baker, R. L. title: Finnsheep and their utilization experiences in temperate conditions date: 1988 words: 10335 flesch: 69 summary: Some exceptions have been reported includ- ing slightly lower age at first oestrus in Dor- set crosses than F-crosses (10) and a 3-week earlier age at conception in ewe lambs in Romanov crosses than F crosses (64). Two recent reports evaluated growth and carcass attributes of F crosses in intensive feeding systems in Canada. keywords: anim; average; breeds; carcass; crosses; economic; ewes; lambs; n.z; performance; production; sheep; study; suffolk; table; wool cache: afs-72312.pdf plain text: afs-72312.txt item: #1793 of 2310 id: afs-72313 author: Ricordeau, G.; Tchamitchian, L.; Poivey, J. P. title: Performance, development and use of Romanov in France date: 1988 words: 4463 flesch: 76 summary: Variation in the plasma levels of gonadotrophin and testosteroneand in Leydig and Sertoli cell populationsbetween birth and adulthood in Romanov lambs born in spring or autumn. R lambs seem to be susceptible to caseous lymphadenitis. keywords: des; ewes; lambs; ricordeau; romanov cache: afs-72313.pdf plain text: afs-72313.txt item: #1794 of 2310 id: afs-72314 author: Lahlou-Kassi, A.; Benlamlih, S.; Boukliq, R. title: Reproduction and adaptation characteristics in D’man sheep date: 1988 words: 4702 flesch: 74 summary: These results suggest that D breed is less sen- sitive to photoperiod. On the other hand, estrogen negative feed- back is more marked in T than in D ewes. keywords: breeds; d’man; ewes; growth; rate; sardi; sheep; table cache: afs-72314.pdf plain text: afs-72314.txt item: #1795 of 2310 id: afs-72315 author: Zervas, N. P.; Hatjiminaoglou, J.; Georgoudis, A. title: Characteristics and experiences of Chios breed date: 1988 words: 5056 flesch: 70 summary: Genetic parameters of milk yield The repeatability of milk production based on earlier Island data was found to be 0.40. Initial calcu- lations of heritability of milk production from the Island have given the values of 0.74 +0.34, 0.31 ±0.15 and 0.40±0.12, respectively for the first, second and third and more lactations (38). keywords: chios; cyprus; ewes; island; lambs; milk; production; sheep; station; weight cache: afs-72315.pdf plain text: afs-72315.txt item: #1796 of 2310 id: afs-72316 author: Owen, J. B.; Dewi, I. AP title: The Cambridge sheep — its exploitation for increased efficiency of lamb production date: 1988 words: 2441 flesch: 65 summary: Variation and repeatabilityof ovulation rate of Cambridge ewes. The paper describes the performance of pure C stock, evidence for the genetic basis of the prolificacy achieved and the transmis- sion of prolificacy to maximise lamb produc- tion efficiency in crossbred ewes kept under commercial conditions. keywords: crossbred; ewes; gene; lambs cache: afs-72316.pdf plain text: afs-72316.txt item: #1797 of 2310 id: afs-72317 author: Veress, L.; Horek, F.; Komlosi, T. title: Breeding possibilities of Booroola Merino in East-Europe date: 1988 words: 2636 flesch: 76 summary: Pigment spots on the face and on the end of the legs were found more frequent in the case of the Hungarian daughters of BM rams than in that of Hungarian M. Fig. The lambs of imported BM rams weigh 4—7 % less, at the age of 30 days they lag be- hind by 5—7 % and when they were 100 days old they weighed 6—24 % less than the HM (15). keywords: booroola; ewes; fleece; lambing; merino; rams cache: afs-72317.pdf plain text: afs-72317.txt item: #1798 of 2310 id: afs-72318 author: Radomska, M. J.; Martyniuk, E.; Klewiec, J. title: Inheritance of high prolificacy of the Olkuska sheep (preliminary results) date: 1988 words: 774 flesch: 73 summary: Index words: Olkuska, Polish Merino, ovulation rate, litter size, inheritance Introduction The LS of dams, fullsisters and pure O daughters was based on data from at least 3 first lambings at the age of I—31 —3 years. keywords: ewes; litter; size cache: afs-72318.pdf plain text: afs-72318.txt item: #1799 of 2310 id: afs-72319 author: Bourfia, M.; Touchberry, R. W. title: Litter live weight at birth with varying levels of D’Man germplasm date: 1988 words: 1439 flesch: 67 summary: The ranking of maternal additive breed effects for LLWB was D’Man, Sardi, and Beni Guil in descending order. Be- cause of dependencies among breed additive effects, maternal additive breed effects for G and S were computed as deviations from D. Both models included environmental effects as age of dam with two levels, i.e. 2 and 3 year old dams. keywords: additive; breed; dam; effects cache: afs-72319.pdf plain text: afs-72319.txt item: #1800 of 2310 id: afs-72320 author: Bradford, G. E.; Berger, Y. M. title: Variation in ovulation rate and litter size date: 1988 words: 317 flesch: 40 summary: Among breeds where high prolificacy appears tobe inherited quantita- tively, there are differences in variability, with Romanov quite uniform, Finnsheep intermedi- ate, and D’Man more variable. Index words: ovulation rate, litter size, variation, Romanov, Booroola Merino, Finnsheep, D’Man, major gene 602 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=YsTLWtoreVOgb4Jy.FXGWC0um0cR0X0jJht24Og.lTIvEkkdoxwijfHxK0uJ_V8bSxf0kCtVjS82bVtagZ1laMIUSwVViy7ie4ArGKRV-8Y-evB7ECfHeCVPAkdZqc2VRC_a3yN3Fmg1SCwTcbuTTg10QKYYtYJOekc2KJT15m98IFRY3bZq8oFVNjlWoqUiGsvQ5OE10LG8dblV3nxv8LZjIMnQiSDQJhkX keywords: variation cache: afs-72320.pdf plain text: afs-72320.txt item: #1801 of 2310 id: afs-72321 author: Boylan, W. J.; Sakul, H. title: Milk production in Finnsheep and Romanov breeds date: 1988 words: 2188 flesch: 72 summary: The Finn, Romanov and several U.S. sheep breeds were machine milked to ob- tain information on several measures of milk production and milk composition. The level of milk production for a 130 day lactation period for the breeds evalu- ated was generally low compared to traditional European dairy breeds. keywords: breeds; ewes; milk; production cache: afs-72321.pdf plain text: afs-72321.txt item: #1802 of 2310 id: afs-72322 author: Maijala, K.; Kyle, B. title: Possibilities of developing sheep which suckle from several teats date: 1988 words: 6373 flesch: 75 summary: 20 mm (range I—so1 —50mm); the length and separation of teat pairs were correlated, although this was not the case in several flocks studied in Ireland, Index words: supernumerary leats, teat length, teat distance, suckling behaviour, teat damage, functional teats, herita- bility 1. FE = Old data from 1940, using teat length and distance measurements of the 80 ewes in Vainikainen’s (16) report. keywords: data; ewes; lambs; length; milk; number; sheep; supernumerary; table; teats cache: afs-72322.pdf plain text: afs-72322.txt item: #1803 of 2310 id: afs-72323 author: Aboul-Naga, A. M. title: Finnsheep and their crosses under subtropical conditions date: 1988 words: 4170 flesch: 71 summary: Sc, Egypt (ENAS) Suf. or Ile-de-France Ministry of Agric. & 1972 6M,22 F Pure F and xwith 2 local breed Agroti (1976) Nat. Ministry of Agricul- 1979 15 M, 175 F Pure F and xwith Hamadani F. Dessouki ture, Iraq (IMOA) native sheep (P. Comm.) keywords: breeds; conditions; crosses; emoa; ewes; performance; sheep; trials cache: afs-72323.pdf plain text: afs-72323.txt item: #1804 of 2310 id: afs-72324 author: Davies, D. A. R. title: Breeding sheep with 4 teats in a flock in Devon, England date: 1988 words: 966 flesch: 71 summary: Index words: functional extra teats, teat length, teat distance, teat number, milk production Introduction The presence of extra teats may result in higher yields, but in Britain the main interest is in having ewes with four functional teats so that triplet lambs can suck on the ewe simul- taneously and thereby reduce theproblems of uneven growth and teat damage. The signifi- cant differencesbetween A and B lamb groups (X 2 for 4 and 2 teat ewe matings =6.4 and 33.1 respectively) suggest teat number was un- der the control of two or more genes. keywords: ewes; teats cache: afs-72324.pdf plain text: afs-72324.txt item: #1805 of 2310 id: afs-72325 author: Charon, K. M. title: Changes in the content of milk components during lactation and their influence on lamb rearing of Finnsheep date: 1988 words: 1348 flesch: 75 summary: The analysis of milk component content determined by Milkoscan apparatus was carried out on 59 ewes of Finnsheep (a total of 880 records for each component). Milk component contents in 10-day periods of lactation while the variability of F content within lac- tation in Finnsheep depended on the number of lactation. keywords: content; milk cache: afs-72325.pdf plain text: afs-72325.txt item: #1806 of 2310 id: afs-72326 author: Tyszka, Z. J.; Kramarz, M. title: Somatic cell count in milk of Finnsheep ewes and relation with production results date: 1988 words: 1181 flesch: 80 summary: Correlation coefficients between LSCC and traits tested were; F % 0.07, P % —0.02, L % 0.53, wool yield 0.09, number of weaned lambs 0.01, weight of weaned lambs 0.00. For all observations LSCC was 2.16 and milk composition as follows: F % 5.38, P % 5.42 and L % 4.74. keywords: lambs; milk; scc cache: afs-72326.pdf plain text: afs-72326.txt item: #1807 of 2310 id: afs-72327 author: Editor, Editor title: Summary of the discussion on July 2nd at Jokioinen date: 1988 words: 287 flesch: 43 summary: * Relationships of major fertility genes found in different breeds (Booroola, Javanese, Cambridge, Icelandic, others?). * Utilization of Finnsheep genes in practical sheep production (systematic crossbreed- ing or use in synthetics). keywords: finnsheep cache: afs-72327.pdf plain text: afs-72327.txt item: #1808 of 2310 id: afs-72328 author: Fahmy, M. H. title: The accumulative effect of Finnsheep breeding in crossbreeding schemes date: 1988 words: 4267 flesch: 74 summary: Preweaning mortality rate was highest in F ewes. At weaning, the heaviest litters were those raised by 4/8 F ewes (31.7 kg) followed by 7/8 F (30.8 kg), while the lightest were from those raised by DLS and 483 2/8 F. Preweaning ADG ranged from 182 g for lambs from F ewes to 217 g for those raised by 4/8 and 1/8F ewes. keywords: crosses; dls; ewes; lambs; weight cache: afs-72328.pdf plain text: afs-72328.txt item: #1809 of 2310 id: afs-72329 author: Young, L. D.; Dickerson, G. E. title: Performance of Booroola Merino and Finnsheep crossbred lambs and ewes date: 1988 words: 4552 flesch: 73 summary: F ewes were mated to B and F rams. Linear combinations of the least-squares means were made to estimate the average performance of F ewes (mated to B and F rams) and B-F ewes (mated to B, F and B-F rams). keywords: breed; dam; ewes; rams; sire cache: afs-72329.pdf plain text: afs-72329.txt item: #1810 of 2310 id: afs-72330 author: Greeff, J. C.; Hofmeyr, J. H. title: Finnsheep and their utilization in crosses with the Merino under range conditions of South-Africa date: 1988 words: 2073 flesch: 70 summary: Fecundity was 118 % for F x M and 102 % for M. Survival rate of lambs: No significant differences of survival rate occurred between groups in the case of single born lambs, but the survival rate from birth to weaning was significantly (P < 0,05) better for lambs born as multiples to F X M ewes (Table 1). Multiple lambs of F x M ewes had better survival rates than those of M ewes. keywords: ewes; merino cache: afs-72330.pdf plain text: afs-72330.txt item: #1811 of 2310 id: afs-72331 author: Jakubec, V.; Křižek, J. title: Breeding and exploitation of prolific breeds in Czechoslovakia date: 1988 words: 2605 flesch: 74 summary: For wool production characters in purebreeding F is better than R. For wool production characters in crossbreds both sire breeds are virtually equal. The purebred prolific breeds were kept together with the individuals of M. With the exception of milk production characters, heterosis effects are estimated for all charac- ters in crossbreds on the basis of M and pro- lific breeds. keywords: breeds; characters; production; sire; wool cache: afs-72331.pdf plain text: afs-72331.txt item: #1812 of 2310 id: afs-72332 author: Bittante, G.; Pastore, E. title: Effect of Finnsheep crossbreeding on Lamon sheep performance: in vivo traits date: 1988 words: 1786 flesch: 72 summary: Results and discussion At birth F X L lambs showed a high live weight, not significantly lower than that of purebred L lambs (table 2). F x L lambs grew slightly more than L lambs (197 vs 176 g/d; P < .1) during the suckling period but not during the fatteningperiod (207 vs 203 g/d; n.s.), reaching a slightly higher slaughter weight (36.9 vs 35.5 kg; n.s.). keywords: lambs cache: afs-72332.pdf plain text: afs-72332.txt item: #1813 of 2310 id: afs-72333 author: Bonsembiante, M.; Andrighetto, I.; Cozzi, G. title: Effect of Finnsheep crossbreeding on Lamon sheep performance: post-mortem traits date: 1988 words: 1093 flesch: 63 summary: Hind quarter % 45.3 43.8» 1.01 Total lean meat % 63.6 65.1 2.84 Total separable fat % 12.9 12.1 4.87 Bone and tendons % 23.5 22.8 6.00 a, b: P < .05 Table 3. Meat samples from the FxL carcasses showed higher redness and saturation values than meat samples from L lambs. keywords: carcass; crossbreeding; lambs cache: afs-72333.pdf plain text: afs-72333.txt item: #1814 of 2310 id: afs-72334 author: Ilola, Ari; Elomaa, Esko; Pulli, Seppo title: Testing of a Danish growth model for barley, turnip rape and timothy in Finnish conditions date: 1988 words: 12456 flesch: 71 summary: Potential crop production is ment, but the actual crop production is entire- ly dependent on water, in the soil, available to the plant and on root depth growth. In 1986 and 1987, root depth growth was measured from emergence to the time when a root depth of 60 cm was attained. keywords: area; barley; crop; depth; gai; growth; matter; model; plant; production; radiation; rape; root; soil; table; temperature; timothy; turnip; water cache: afs-72334.pdf plain text: afs-72334.txt item: #1815 of 2310 id: afs-72335 author: Kiljunen-Siirola, R. ; Pajunen, A. title: Production of container-grown nursery plants on capillary sand beds date: 1988 words: 3960 flesch: 65 summary: In particular, the spread of gardening centers has increased both the de- mand for and sales of potted nursery plants, because potted plants are more easily stored and handled than pre-packed and bare root plants. Index words: Container-grown nursery plants, capillary irrigation, irrigation control device, slow-release fertilizer, Nutricote(7o), growth media, prevention of rooting through, Gloquat C. 661 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=iffCibXgQ5IbtUcI.JZJlmdLmFcFgS5Cb1sZkLA.qdZ5WHgx6SRVeh9dlCNsDei7e9nZkA4KPYLj-IsdFmGuOZiimPB8fGerUMrTB3Wf5IlJFZXOheTsW8Zsd9N6-ZX8Z0535cPeHtQ09cs2eCHoJzijk5SavdtnBxShOBsE5xRMCYGJn0H9BIUtApVis4e5QhCnbPCQepbXpgb2J0dBU5LD7hFbkOhOKUyi-w Introduction keywords: base; dressing; effect; fertilizer; growth; irrigation; nursery; nutricote(7o; peat; plants; release; root cache: afs-72335.pdf plain text: afs-72335.txt item: #1816 of 2310 id: afs-72336 author: Inborr, J.; Suomi, K. title: Industrial amino acids in diets for piglets and growing pigs date: 1988 words: 5686 flesch: 69 summary: Equal performance of growing pigs has also been reported by Easter and Baker (1983), Russell et al. (1983) and Hanrahan (1987) when low protein diets were fortified with syn- thetic amino acids to achieve levels equivalent to those in the corresponding high protein control diets. The response of early weaned pigs to suboptimal protein diets supplementedwith synthetic lysine. keywords: acids; amino; content; diets; feed; lysine; performance; piglets; pigs; protein; treatment; trial cache: afs-72336.pdf plain text: afs-72336.txt item: #1817 of 2310 id: afs-72337 author: Inborr, J.; Näsi, M.; Suomi, K. title: The effect of enzyme treatment of cooked barley and supplementation of piglet diets on the digestibility of barley and piglet performance date: 1988 words: 8035 flesch: 67 summary: The effect of enzyme treatment of cooked barley and supplementation of piglet diets on the digestibility of barley and piglet performance J. INBORR M. NÄSI 2 and K. SUOMI’ 1 Finnish Sugar Co. Ltd., Finnfeeds Ltd., Forum House, Brighton Road, Redhill, Surrey RHI 6YS, England University of Helsinki, Department of Animal Husbandry, Viikki, 07100 Helsinki, Finland 3 Agricultural Research Centre, Swine Research Station, SF-05840 Hyvinkää, Finland Abstract. In performance trials, enzyme supplementa- tion of barley based diets have improved the feeding value of the diets for pigs (Collier and Hardy, 1986; Newman, 1983). keywords: barley; content; diets; digestibility; enzyme; feed; performance; piglets; pigs; protein; table; treatment; trial; values cache: afs-72337.pdf plain text: afs-72337.txt item: #1818 of 2310 id: afs-72338 author: Näsi, Matti title: Evaluating barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch production in diets of ruminants date: 1988 words: 4066 flesch: 67 summary: Evaluating barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch production in diets of ruminants MATTI NÄSI University of Helsinki, Department of Animal Husbandry, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Index words: barley, starch-ethanol production, barley feed fractions, digestibility, ruminant Introduction Conventional distillers’ feeds are products resulting from the yeast fermentationof whole cereal grains. keywords: barley; ethanol; feed; fibre; fractions; hulls; molasses; process; production; protein; starch cache: afs-72338.pdf plain text: afs-72338.txt item: #1819 of 2310 id: afs-72339 author: Huhtanen, Pekka; Ala-Seppälä, Hannele; Näsi, Matti title: Response of silage intake and milk production to replacement of barley by barley fibre derived from integrated starch-ethanol process date: 1988 words: 5765 flesch: 67 summary: As the proportion of barley fibre in the diet increased there was a linear (P<0.001) in- crease in silage DM intake. Results Feed intake Replacement of barley with gradually in- creasing levels of barley fibre led to a linear increase (P< 0.001) in silage DM intake (Ta- ble 3). keywords: barley; barley fibre; cows; effect; energy; fibre; intake; milk; silage cache: afs-72339.pdf plain text: afs-72339.txt item: #1820 of 2310 id: afs-72340 author: Ala-Seppälä, Hannele; Huhtanen, Pekka; Näsi, Matti title: Silage intake and milk production in cows given barley or barley fibre with or without dried distillers solubles date: 1988 words: 5503 flesch: 65 summary: Prediction of energy value of cows milk. F diets were also associated with a lower (P <0.05) protein concentration in milk, but because of the higher yield, milk protein yield was 8.3 % (P<0.001) higher than in B diets. keywords: barley; cows; dds; diets; effect; fibre; intake; milk; protein; silage; yield cache: afs-72340.pdf plain text: afs-72340.txt item: #1821 of 2310 id: afs-72341 author: Tapio, Eeva title: The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland 80 Years the 2nd December, 1989 date: 1989 words: 581 flesch: 45 summary: Earlier the Society participated in arrange- ments of the annual Agricultural Weeks start- ed in the twenties. The events in the course of history have vio- lently shaken both our country and its people in 1917, when Finland became an independent republic and in the following 80 years as well, and this has been reflected in the activities of our Society. keywords: finland; society cache: afs-72341.pdf plain text: afs-72341.txt item: #1822 of 2310 id: afs-72342 author: Mukula, Jaakko title: Plant Production Research in Finland in the 1970s and 1980s date: 1989 words: 6415 flesch: 61 summary: Plant production research is carried out in Finland by several institutes and regional ex- perimental stations, most of them belonging to the two governmental organizations, the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland (ARC) and the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of Helsinki University (HU). The objectives of plant production research in Finland have been to secure domestic sup- ply of food and fodder, taking into considera- tion both the nutritionaland technical quality of products. keywords: area; breeding; crops; department; finland; plant; production; research; soil; varieties; winter; yield cache: afs-72342.pdf plain text: afs-72342.txt item: #1823 of 2310 id: afs-72343 author: Poutiainen, Esko; Näsi, Matti; Mäki-Tanila, Asko title: Finnish animal production research during the past 20 years date: 1989 words: 2930 flesch: 48 summary: In Finland, animal breeding research and development work is done in close co- operation between research and extension or- ganisations, industry also provides some pro- ject funding. Of a total productive area of 2.2 million hectares, around 1.0 million hectares are used for feed grain production. keywords: animal; breeding; dairy; feeding; production; protein; research; silage cache: afs-72343.pdf plain text: afs-72343.txt item: #1824 of 2310 id: afs-72344 author: Oksanen, Erkki H. title: Technology to boost agricultural efficiency date: 1989 words: 2526 flesch: 54 summary: The research objectives may have included achieving a reduction in human labour utilization and ex- penditure, improving the quality and accura- cy of agricultural work and making it less strenuous, promoting work safety and the at- tractiveness of the work, energy conservation and environmental protection. Soil compaction is a serious prob- lem, especially in the spring when liquid ma- nure should, according to research findings, be distributed in the fields by a trailer. keywords: crop; finnish; machinery; method; research; technology; work cache: afs-72344.pdf plain text: afs-72344.txt item: #1825 of 2310 id: afs-72345 author: Ryynänen, Viljo title: Research on the agricultural economics in the 1970s and 1980s date: 1989 words: 4618 flesch: 58 summary: Consequently, giving a systematic picture of agricultural economic research is highly de- pendent on the choice of taxonomy and terms. Pioneering work in this field was made by Sumelius (1987) in his doctoral dis- sertation, in which he concluded that the resources invested in agricultural research and extension services have yielded a fair- ly high percentage of returns, significantly higher than the percentage of returns that could be given by the resources invested in the production itself. keywords: agriculture; development; economics; finland; julk; lait; production; research; tai; tutk cache: afs-72345.pdf plain text: afs-72345.txt item: #1826 of 2310 id: afs-72346 author: Hartikainen, Helinä title: Evaluation of water and ammonium acetate tests as indices for available P in limed soils date: 1989 words: 2909 flesch: 65 summary: Results and discussion The extractability of soil P and its changes due to incubation for 4 mo with nutrient salts and various liming agents are given in Table 2. An increase in ionic strength has, however, been proved to result in an enhanced P sorpt- Table 2. pH and soil P (mg kg-1) extracted by acetate and water in unincubated and incubated samples. keywords: acetate; extraction; liming; soil; table; uptake; water cache: afs-72346.pdf plain text: afs-72346.txt item: #1827 of 2310 id: afs-72347 author: Evers, Aino-Maija title: Effects of different fertilization practices on the carotene content of carrot date: 1989 words: 3404 flesch: 62 summary: In some studies, increasing amounts of potassium had no significant in- fluence on carotene content (Gallagher 1966, Habben 1973), whereas others (Sout- hards & Miller 1962) reported that high potassium and magnesium levels increased the amount of carotene in carrots. Selec- tion of carrots for carotene content. keywords: carotene; carotene content; carrots; content; fertilization; fertirrigations; npk; placement; sowing; treatments cache: afs-72347.pdf plain text: afs-72347.txt item: #1828 of 2310 id: afs-72348 author: Helenius, Juha; Ronni, Päivi title: Yield, its components and pest incidence in mixed intercropping of oats (Avena sativa) and field beans (Vicia faba) date: 1989 words: 9810 flesch: 68 summary: Mixed intercropping slightly but signifi- cantly increased the total nitrogen content of the oat (F = 6.3*, df = 2,10) and bean seeds (F = 9.6**, df = 2,10). 6. Total nitrogen content (%) in oat seeds not sprayed (open bars) or sprayed against cereal aphids (dotted bars), and in bean seeds in the monocrops and mixtures (Experiment II). keywords: aphids; beans; cereal; cropping; density; df=; experiment; intercropping; mean; mixture; monocrop; numbers; oats; padi; pest; seed; spraying; yield cache: afs-72348.pdf plain text: afs-72348.txt item: #1829 of 2310 id: afs-72349 author: Kangasjärvi, Jaakko; Oksanen, Jari title: Pollinator behaviour in cultivated and wild Arctic Bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) date: 1989 words: 2917 flesch: 68 summary: Therefore it would be 36 reasonable to try to improve the arctic bram- ble’s ability to compete by cultivating it away from other flowering field plants attractive to the pollinators and by controlling the flower- ing weeds. The study of plant pollination can be fraught with methodological problems (Richards 1986). keywords: arctic; bees; bramble; field; flowers; plants; pollen; pollinators cache: afs-72349.pdf plain text: afs-72349.txt item: #1830 of 2310 id: afs-72350 author: Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi title: The degradation of linuron in sandy soil date: 1989 words: 3035 flesch: 67 summary: Lime accelerates the degradation of linuron so clearly that liming could be recommended in acid soils, for instance, after spills or ac- cidental overdoses of linuron or if linuron has been used for many years in the same plot, or perhaps after unfavourable growing sea- sons (cold, short, very rainy or very dry), like summer 1987 in Northern Europe. The disappearance of linuron from soil oc- curs mainly by microbial cometabolic degra- dation (Glad et al. 1981; Walker & Zimdahl 1981; Stepp et al. 1985; Wang et al. 1985). keywords: degradation; flow; liming; linuron; rate; soil; walker; water cache: afs-72350.pdf plain text: afs-72350.txt item: #1831 of 2310 id: afs-72351 author: Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi; Simojoki, Paavo; Raininko, Kyösti; Nuormala, Nils; Silvo, Riitta title: Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields date: 1989 words: 4330 flesch: 66 summary: According to this result overdoses of sugar beet pesticides, especially herbicides, should be avoided. Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 61: 45—53, 1989 Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields HELVI HEINONEN-TANSKIPAAVO SIMOJOKI 2 , KYÖSTI PAININKO 3 , NILS NUORMALA 3 and RIITTA SILVO 4 1 University of Kuopio, Department of Environmental Engineering, POB 6, SF-70211 Kuopio, Finland 2 Agricultural Research Centre, Central Finland Research Station, SF-41340 Laukaa, Finland 3 Sugar Beet Research Centre, SF-25170 Kotalato, Finland 4 Water Protection Association of Saimaa Region, Hietakallionkatu 2, SF-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland Abstract. keywords: beet; degradation; effects; finland; laukaa; metamitron; microorganisms; perniö; pesticide; plots; sampling; soil; sugar; yields cache: afs-72351.pdf plain text: afs-72351.txt item: #1832 of 2310 id: afs-72352 author: Hartikainen, Helinä title: Effect of cumulative fertilizer dressings on the phosphorus status of mineral soils I Changes in inorganic phosphorus fractions date: 1989 words: 2463 flesch: 68 summary: P fractions in experimental soils (kg ha-1 ) and the changes in them during seven years of cul- tivation. H 2 S04 -soluble P decreased in seven soils by 16—34 kg ha -1 . keywords: changes; fractions; kaila; soils cache: afs-72352.pdf plain text: afs-72352.txt item: #1833 of 2310 id: afs-72353 author: Hartikainen, Helinä title: Effect of cumulative fertilizer dressings on the phosphorus status of mineral soils II Comparison of two phosphorus testing methods date: 1989 words: 3311 flesch: 67 summary: Clay soils Coarser soils Poor 1.4 1.9 Rather poor 1.5—2.9 2.0—4.9 Fair 3.0 5.9 5.0 9.9 Satisfactory 6.0—11.9 10.0—19.9 Good 12.0—29.9 20.0—39.9 High 30.0—69.9 40.0—69.9 In fact, the paired t-statistics revealed that the estimates for soil P obtained by NH4OAc extraction and those by water extraction differed significantly in the clay soils, where- as in the coarser ones the differences remained statistically insignificant. A similar variation in the reactivi- ty of soil P with respect to these extractants can be seen in the data published by Sippola and Jaakkola (1980). keywords: aac; extraction; samples; soils; test; values; water cache: afs-72353.pdf plain text: afs-72353.txt item: #1834 of 2310 id: afs-72354 author: Niskanen, Raina title: Effect of extractant pH on the release of soil phosphorus, aluminium and iron by ammonium fluoride date: 1989 words: 2689 flesch: 67 summary: Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 61: 67—72, 1989 Effect of extractant pH on the release of soil phosphorus, aluminium and iron by ammonium fluoride RAINA NISKANEN University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Fractionation of soil phosphorus. keywords: aluminium; fluoride; iron; phosphate; soil cache: afs-72354.pdf plain text: afs-72354.txt item: #1835 of 2310 id: afs-72355 author: Niskanen, Raina title: Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: I Dependence of extractability on the pH of oxalate, pyrophosphate and EDTA extractants date: 1989 words: 2349 flesch: 65 summary: The extractability of manganese in fine sand soil by EDTA decreased as the pH increased, whereas no manganese was ex- tracted from sand soil (Fig. 3). The extraction methods for soil aluminium, iron and manganese are given in Table 2. keywords: aluminium; extractability; iron; oxalate; soil cache: afs-72355.pdf plain text: afs-72355.txt item: #1836 of 2310 id: afs-72356 author: Niskanen, Raina title: Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: II Extractability by oxalate and pyrophosphate date: 1989 words: 4008 flesch: 70 summary: 29- 8» 2» 4» 2a 49' 1 51 d 38' 28 23» 2b ll 1' 12 5» 4» 4» 3a 1 04-' 92 70 52b 44 3b 63' 68d 27» 30» 26» 4a 55' 51 b ' 41» 47»b 41» 4b 81b 82 h 58» 81 b 79 h 5a 34 35 23» 23» 22» 5b 58' 61' 40» 46 h 44» b 6a 53d 54d 37' 28 21» 6b 52' 54' 34b 15» 11» 7a 79' 1 74' 1 66' 37 31» 7b 76d 68' 64' 23» 16» 8a 23' 24 19h 15» 15» 8b 21' 23' 15h 10» 10» 9a 59h 69' 54 h 46» 46» 9b 104 92 110 54» 56» 10a 67' 1 65' 1 57' 46 35» 11 a 80d 76d 64' 42b 29» 12a 186' 161 158h 92» 82» 13a 159' 134' 115»' 108 74» 14a 78' 73d 53' 40 30» x 67 64 51 38 33 s 42 34 37 27 23 range 11 186 12—161 5—158 2—loB 4—82 * 596 1 01 l h ' 3 559' 837 1 661 b 173» 137» 242b 824' 346» 513 3 164' 482» 728b 1 734' 164» 242» 303' 69» 242b 173 87» 152 433b, l 90a 274» 260' 82» 137 910 b- 301» 637»b 433' 100» 137» 1 300» 1 984 b 1 255» 3 553' 1 766 b 1 183» 2 254 b 2 276b 1 664» 2 340d 1 I83b 698» 7 055' 1 693» 1 365» 1 385 574 604 1 664 697 502 87—7 055 36—2 276 122—1664 Oxalate-extractable metals were not related to soil pH or organic carbon content. keywords: iron; mmol; oxalate; soil cache: afs-72356.pdf plain text: afs-72356.txt item: #1837 of 2310 id: afs-72357 author: Niskanen, Raina title: Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: III Comparison of extraction methods date: 1989 words: 4717 flesch: 71 summary: Surface soils 53 26 11 1—59 18 14 4—71 66 38 12—222 Subsoils 49 23 13 2—72 15 14 1—59 55 37 6 190 lation coefficients for the relation between the EDTA-extractable Fe (2), the clay content (3) and the organic carbon content (4) were; r23.4 r24.3 0.37** o.6o*** In clay and silt soils, the EDTA-extractable manganese correlated weakly with soil pH (r = 0.39*) and in coarse soils with the clay content (r = o.4s***). The purpose of this paper was to compare the release of soil aluminium, iron and manganese by different extraction methods and to study the relationship of metals to soil particle-size distribution, organic carbon content and pH. 89 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN FINLAND https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=GhQhgGjWFZkjPwdi.S3AM28Tc5B1_ZEd5CzUd0w.MOp_cHdqL19XZXhjxkxwhfemJ3IUAw6gTvaPmjMT2u3Rf1Ow0kdLXQlLtGt1cLE9JkNw-zbHdI3oveAX0NSZf4HkvYolRSgYeYSEN0U9cCfgkYIlf6LeghiGMINxopZ9H-Km3-xRXlAQB_2sKeEegqXprKrIJbFYH2D14w Material and methods The material of 102 mineral soil samples was collected in 15 localities mainly in south- ern Finland (Table 1). keywords: aluminium; carbon; clay; content; extractable; iron; organic; silt; soils cache: afs-72357.pdf plain text: afs-72357.txt item: #1838 of 2310 id: afs-72358 author: Evers, Aino-Maija title: Effects of different fertilization practices on the N03-N, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, ash and dietary fibre contents of carrot date: 1989 words: 5580 flesch: 58 summary: Study of dietary fibre content and fibre com- ponents of carrots. They also found a relatively high N recovery percentage by the fertirrigated crop, especially at a lower level of N fertilization. keywords: application; carrot; content; fertilization; fertirrigations; fibre; npk; placement; roots; shoots; table cache: afs-72358.pdf plain text: afs-72358.txt item: #1839 of 2310 id: afs-72359 author: Evers, Aino-Maija title: Effects of different fertilization practices on the glucose, fructose, sucrose, taste and texture of carrot date: 1989 words: 4231 flesch: 59 summary: Correlations between parameters The glucose and fructose contents, and the sucrose and total sugar contents, correlated positively in both years (Table 3). Thus the glucose, fructose and total sugar contents seemed to be higher in the unfavourable year of 1985 and in un- fertilized treatments as compared to the more favourable year of 1986 and to fertilized treat- ments. keywords: carrots; content; fertilization; fertirrigations; fructose; glucose; placement; sucrose; sugar; taste; total; treatments cache: afs-72359.pdf plain text: afs-72359.txt item: #1840 of 2310 id: afs-72360 author: Evers, Aino-Maija title: Effects of different fertilization practices on the quality of stored carrot date: 1989 words: 4231 flesch: 59 summary: Correlations between parameters The glucose and fructose contents, and the sucrose and total sugar contents, correlated positively in both years (Table 3). Thus the glucose, fructose and total sugar contents seemed to be higher in the unfavourable year of 1985 and in un- fertilized treatments as compared to the more favourable year of 1986 and to fertilized treat- ments. keywords: carrots; content; fertilization; fertirrigations; fructose; glucose; placement; sucrose; sugar; taste; total; treatments cache: afs-72360.pdf plain text: afs-72360.txt item: #1841 of 2310 id: afs-72361 author: Ollila, Petri title: Coordination of supply and demand in the dairy marketing system – with special emphasis on the potential role of farmer cooperatives as coordinating institutions date: 1989 words: 97622 flesch: 55 summary: In this study, it is assumed that the main objectives are self-sufficiency in milk products and maintaining the rural areas of the coun- try populated by using dairy policy as a means, and that total price discrimination in the short run is not possible or acceptable. In milk products, a differ- ence of only 1 per cent between the average actual and target price already requires action by the committee. keywords: agricultural; alternative; analysis; assets; average; balancing; behavior; butter; cent; change; cheese; consumer; consumption; consumption milk; coordination; costs; dairy cooperatives; dairy cows; dairy farmers; dairy industry; dairy marketing; dairy plants; dairy processing; dairy producers; dairy production; dairy subsector; dairy system; decisions; decrease; demand; development; e.g.; economics; effect; exchange; exit; farms; fat; figure; finland; finnish; firm; fmk; food; incentives; increase; information; level; liquid; making; marketing system; markets; means; members; michigan; michigan dairy; milk components; milk fat; milk marketing; milk powder; milk price; milk processing; milk producers; milk production; milk protein; milk supply; new; number; order; organization; performance; preferences; present; price; pricing; problem; producer price; production costs; products; property; protein; quota; retail; situation; skim milk; structure; system; time; total; transaction; transaction costs; trc; uncertainty; use; valio; value; voice; way; williamson; year cache: afs-72361.pdf plain text: afs-72361.txt item: #1842 of 2310 id: afs-72362 author: Evers, Aino-Maija title: The role of fertilization practices in the yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) date: 1989 words: 17162 flesch: 59 summary: Reports of the influence of fertilization on carrot sugar contents in the literatureare con- tradictory. These contradictory results can be partly explained by genotypes, because it has been confirmed that genotype has a strong influence on carrot sugar contents as compared to the effect of climate or soil influences (Simon et al. 1982). keywords: application; broadcast; broadcast fertilization; carotene; carotene content; carrot; content; effects; fertilization; fertilization practices; fertilizer; fertirrigations; fibre; growth; matter; nitrogen; npk; npk fertirrigations; phosphorus; placement fertilization; quality; results; root; soil; storage; sucrose; sugar; table; taste; treatments; vs.; yield cache: afs-72362.pdf plain text: afs-72362.txt item: #1843 of 2310 id: afs-72363 author: Yli-Halla, Markku title: Effect of different rates of P fertilization on the yield and P status of the soil in two long-term field experiments date: 1989 words: 5210 flesch: 65 summary: The year of harvest kg P/ha until 1982 and 0, 16, 32, 56 and 72 kg P/ha in 1983—85. The average difference between the maximum yields and the ones ob- tained without P fertilization was 470 kg/ha (12 %) in 1974—80, but during the last four years the difference increased to I 360 kg/ha (40 %), owing to the depletion of P in the plots not fertilized with P. Also in the other experiment, in which the maximum yield of cereal grains (4 790 kg/ha) was obtained at the P rate of 26/32 kg/ha, the response to P fertilization in- creased towards the end of the trial, the mean response during the last three years being 570 kg/ha (12 %). keywords: cereal; experiment; fertilization; phosphorus; plots; soil; table; years; yields cache: afs-72363.pdf plain text: afs-72363.txt item: #1844 of 2310 id: afs-72364 author: Näsi, Matti title: Barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch process in diets of pigs date: 1989 words: 5510 flesch: 70 summary: Carcass quality was inferior (P<0.05) in pigs fed barley protein but higher in pigs receiving barley fibre diets. The products examined were barley protein, (375 g CP/kg), barley fibre (166 CP and 653 NDF), barley molasses (298 CP) and distillers solubles (333 CP); their respec- tive digestibilities for OM were 0.895, 0.633, 0.864 and 0.834 and for CP 0.910, 0.577, 0.809 and 0.851. keywords: barley; barley fibre; barley protein; diets; digestibility; expt; feed; fibre; fractions; pigs; protein cache: afs-72364.pdf plain text: afs-72364.txt item: #1845 of 2310 id: afs-72365 author: Huhtanen, Pekka; Näsi, Matti; Khalili, Hannele title: By-products from integrated starch-ethanol production from barley in the diets of growing cattle date: 1989 words: 6496 flesch: 66 summary: High per- formance on barley fibre diets in spite of reduced estimated energy intake may be the result of improved forage digestibility, changes in the rumen fermentation pattern or nutrient partitioning. Higher molar proportion of propionate of rumen VFA with barley fibre diets than with barley diets (Huhtanen, unpublished) may have provided more precursors (NADPH 2 and glycerol phosphate) for the conversion of ace- tate to fatty acids, which could explain the higher efficiency of utilization of ME with barley fibre diets. keywords: barley; barley protein; cattle; diet; energy; experiment; fibre; gain; meal; protein; silage cache: afs-72365.pdf plain text: afs-72365.txt item: #1846 of 2310 id: afs-72366 author: Miettinen, Harri; Setälä, Jouko title: Design and development of a continuous culture system for studying rumen fermentation date: 1989 words: 4704 flesch: 60 summary: The plateau values for the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, the molar proportions of individual VFAs, and the ammonia concentrations were found to be within the accepted range in the rumen of animals given similar diets or in other artificial rumen systems. The plateau valuefor the ammonia concen- tration (5 mM) is in the same range that in other artificial rumen systems (Crawford et al. 1980 b, Merry et al. 1987) and near the optimal range (3.5 mM) suggested by Satter and Slyter (1974) for optimal synthesis of microbial protein. keywords: ammonia; concentration; culture; days; effluent; fermentation; fermentors; microbial; rumen; system; vfa cache: afs-72366.pdf plain text: afs-72366.txt item: #1847 of 2310 id: afs-72367 author: Kuisma, Paavo title: The effect of foliar application of seaweed extract on potato date: 1989 words: 3041 flesch: 70 summary: The effect of foliar application of seaweed extract on potato PAAVO KUISMA Potato Research Institute, SF-16900 Lammi, Finland Abstract. In particular, carbohydrate stor- age crops, such as a sugar beet, benefit remarkably from the use of seaweed extract (Blunden et al. 1974). keywords: application; cytokinins; extract; foliar; growth; potato; seaweed; seaweed extract cache: afs-72367.pdf plain text: afs-72367.txt item: #1848 of 2310 id: afs-72368 author: Peltonen, Pirjo; Karjalainen, Sinikka; Karjalainen, Reijo title: Reactions of winter wheat cultivars to Septoria nodorum Berk. date: 1989 words: 2527 flesch: 67 summary: Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Voi. 61: 379—385, 1989 Reactions of winter wheat cultivars to Septoria nodorum Berk. PIRJO PELTONEN, 1 SINIKKA KARJALAINEN 2 & REIJO KARJALAINEN 2 1 Department of Crop husbandry, University of Helsinki SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Helsinki SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Index words: winter wheat cultivars, Septoria nodorum Inlrodiidion Septoria nodorum Berk., the cause of glume and leaf blotch of wheat, occurs world- wide in wheat growing areas (King et al. 1983). keywords: cultivars; karjalainen; leaf; nodorum; plant; resistance; seedling; wheat cache: afs-72368.pdf plain text: afs-72368.txt item: #1849 of 2310 id: afs-72369 author: Galambosi, B.; Holm, Y. title: The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Herb Yield of Dragonhead date: 1989 words: 3140 flesch: 70 summary: Nitrogen fertilization explained 80 to 99 % of the increase in plant height and weight (Ta- ble 1). Response of dragonhead individual plant weight (fresh) to N fertilization (transplanted plants). keywords: dragonhead; fertilization; harvesting; herb; nitrate; nitrogen; plants; proportion; weight; yield cache: afs-72369.pdf plain text: afs-72369.txt item: #1850 of 2310 id: afs-72370 author: Pohjalainen, Kirsi; Knuth, Sisko; Pehu, Tuula; Gyllenberg, Helge title: Eräitä uuden kasvibiotekniikan keksintöjä vuosina 1979—1986 jätetyissä patenttihakemuksissa date: 1989 words: 3518 flesch: 39 summary: Jalostettaessa geenin- siirron avulla uusia, entistä parempia kasve- ja on tarkoituksenmukaista testata siirretyn vieraan geenin toiminta ja ilmentyminen re- generoidussa kasvissa. Vaikka yleisessä kuvaukses- sa saatettiin selostaa kasvien regenerointi, esi- merkkien avulla ei selvästi osoitettu kavien re- generoimia tai keksinnön toimintaa käytän- nössä, esimerkiksi vieraan geenin ilmentymistä regeneroidussa kasvissa (EP-A-145 338, EP- A-174 166 ja EP-A-203 790). keywords: avulla; dna; documents; eri; että; euroopan; european; gene; inventions; kasveja; kasvien; kasvissa; keksinnön; keksintö; mukaan; myös; office; ole; oli; patent; plant; protection; tai; transfer; upov; vain cache: afs-72370.pdf plain text: afs-72370.txt item: #1851 of 2310 id: afs-72371 author: Vanhala, P. T.; Pehu, T.; Gyllenberg, H. G. title: Legal protection of plant biotechnological inventions date: 1989 words: 5233 flesch: 56 summary: Plant variety The rule of excluding plant varieties from patent protection conforms with the prereq- uisites of patentability, because the concept of plant variety lacks a precise definition. The UPOV Convention When the inapplicability of patenting for plant variety protection was recognized, a new protection procedure was created for that pur- pose. keywords: breeder; breeding; patent; patent protection; patenting; plant; plant varieties; protection; rights; seed; varieties; variety cache: afs-72371.pdf plain text: afs-72371.txt item: #1852 of 2310 id: afs-72372 author: Honkavaara, Markku title: Influence of selection phase, fasting and transport on porcine stress and on the development of PSE pork date: 1989 words: 4477 flesch: 63 summary: Furthermore, it was not recommended to fast pigs for 17—27 h due to overnight hold- ing which had a negative effect on muscle lac- tate and glycogen content. During transport, pigs were under greatest stress if they were loaded just before feeding period, or if they were transported in warm weather (over 10°C). keywords: lactate; meat; muscle; pigs; selection; serum; stress; transport cache: afs-72372.pdf plain text: afs-72372.txt item: #1853 of 2310 id: afs-72373 author: Honkavaara, Markku title: Influence of lairage on blood composition of pig and on the development of PSE pork date: 1989 words: 4066 flesch: 64 summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lairage temperature, humidity and time on blood composition and on the development of PSE meat (pH,<5.B). The higher was lairage temperature the higher carcass temperature(P < 0.001) and log creatine kinase (CK) value (P<0.05) at slaughter. keywords: carcass; humidity; lairage; muscle; pigs; temperature cache: afs-72373.pdf plain text: afs-72373.txt item: #1854 of 2310 id: afs-72374 author: Honkavaara, Markku title: Influence of carcass temperature, glycogenolysis and glycolysis 45 min postmortem on the development of PSE pork date: 1989 words: 3817 flesch: 57 summary: pmol of lactate (ML) formed per 100 g of wet tissue in one minute = ML 45 min p.m. (pmol/100 g) — ML 0 min p.m. (pmol/100 g) (ime elapsed from exsanguination to chilling (min) Variables The following 34 variables were used in statistical analyses: loading timeof day, trans- port temperature and duration (TD), lairage time, temperature of lairage (TL), humidity of lairage, stunning time of day (ST), fasting duration (FD), scalding temperature (STE) and time (STI), temperature on line at split- ting and that before chilling (TEC), humidity on line at splitting and that before chilling, time elapsed from stunning to splitting (TS) and that elapsed from splitting to chilling (TC); blood creatine kinase (CK) activity on farm, during unloading and at exsanguination (CKE); serum glucose (SG), glycerol, lactate and pH; carcass temperature 0 The most contributing components of the increase in carcass temperature during scald- ing were carcass temperature 0 keywords: carcass; chilling; glycogen; lactate; min; muscle; p.m.; scalding; temperature cache: afs-72374.pdf plain text: afs-72374.txt item: #1855 of 2310 id: afs-72394 author: Aspila, Pentti title: Metabolism of selenite, selenomethionine and feed-incorporated selenium in lactating goats and dairy cows date: 1991 words: 32361 flesch: 66 summary: Milk Se content was positively related to plasma (r: 0.78, p<0.001) and erythrocyte Se content (r: 0.83, p<0.001) and to milk pro- tein content (r: 0.23, p<0.01). Period Group 12 3 4 MSe FSe MSe FSe MSe FSe MSe FSe II 0.005 0.069 0.103 0.083 0.005 0.219 0.102 0.183 111 0.005 0.064 0.349 0.098 0.005 0.449 0,381 0.503 IV 0.006 0.056 0.701 0.074 0.005 1.168 0.615 1.242 V 0.005 0.024 0,108 0.033 0.007 0.116 0.096 0.099 VI 0.006 0.035 0.005 0.034 0,005 0.036 0,007 0.031 Mineral selenium includes Se from commercial mineral mixture and selenium preparation, and feed selenium Se from the rest of the feeds. keywords: 75se; absorption; activity; blood; cows; days; dietary; dose; dosing; erythrocyte; erythrocyte se; et al; excretion; experiment; faeces; fed; goats; gsh; inorganic; level; mg se; milk; milk se; period; plasma; plasma se; plasma selenium; rat; se content; se intake; se level; selenite; selenium; selenium absorption; selenium content; selenium metabolism; selenomethionine; urine cache: afs-72394.pdf plain text: afs-72394.txt item: #1856 of 2310 id: afs-72395 author: Yli-Halla, Markku title: Phosphorus supplying capacities of soils previously fertilized with different rates of P date: 1991 words: 4298 flesch: 66 summary: P uptake by pot-grown grass from soils fertilized with increasing rates of P in the field cor- responded to 30, 72, 100 and 112 kg larger quantities of P per hectare, compared to the soil not receiving P in the field experiment. 2. Relationships between P uptake by pot-grown ryegrass and the quantities of P extracted with water (P w) and acid ammonium acetate (P AAAc) and the quantities of reversibly adsorbed P (P,) in limed and unlimed soils. keywords: experiment; fertilization; field; pot; soils; unlimed; uptake cache: afs-72395.pdf plain text: afs-72395.txt item: #1857 of 2310 id: afs-72396 author: Mohammadi, Oili; Yli-Halla, Markku; Mäntylahti, Väinö title: Determination of plant-available manganese from soils by acid ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction date: 1991 words: 3574 flesch: 68 summary: Index words: exchangeable manganese, reducible manganese, total manganese Introduction The supply of soil Mn to plants is of interest may arise. For the current study, soil Mn was ex- tracted for 60 min by AAAc-EDTA (0.5 M CH 3COOH, 0.5 M CH 3 COONH4, 0.02 M Na2 -EDTA, pH 4.65) at the soil to solution ratio of 1 : 10 (v/v) (Lakanen and Erviö 1971). keywords: aaac; content; correction; edta; indices; plant; reducible; soil cache: afs-72396.pdf plain text: afs-72396.txt item: #1858 of 2310 id: afs-72397 author: Mohammadi, Oili; Ristimäki, Leena; Vermeulen, Stephan; Viikari, Esko title: Nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat in spring in Finland: comparison of calcium ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate, and the effect of split application date: 1991 words: 2554 flesch: 69 summary: Grain yield (kg ha -') and protein content (%) of grains of winter wheat fertilized with CAN and CN. Grain yields of winter wheat fertilized by single and split N dressing in seven (1 —7) field trials. Fig. keywords: application; content; wheat; winter cache: afs-72397.pdf plain text: afs-72397.txt item: #1859 of 2310 id: afs-72398 author: Raininko, Kyösti; Erjala, Matti title: The effect of method of fertilizer application on sugar beet yield, yield quality and fertilization requirement in Finland date: 1991 words: 6333 flesch: 67 summary: The yield increase from fertilizer placement correlated negatively with the sugar beet yield level. The nutritional status and humus content of soil, and soil type did not affect the yield increase from fertilizer placement. keywords: application; beet; broadcasting; fertilizer; fertilizer placement; increase; placement; seed; sugar; trials; yield cache: afs-72398.pdf plain text: afs-72398.txt item: #1860 of 2310 id: afs-72399 author: Halinen, Päivi; Raatikainen, Mikko title: Seasonal dynamics and primary production of the flora in a winter rye field in Finland date: 1991 words: 7209 flesch: 71 summary: Number of seeds in the soil Research into the amounts of weed seeds in arable soils has mainly employed germination and washing flotation methods, and the differences between the methods used make comparison difficult. The result was lower than that reported by Paatela and Erviö (1971) in a spring cereal field or the proportion of weed seeds emerging in spring cereal fields and numbers of individuals reported by Mukula et ai. keywords: biomass; fig; ground; maximum; number; production; raatikainen; repens; rye; seeds; species; total; weed; winter cache: afs-72399.pdf plain text: afs-72399.txt item: #1861 of 2310 id: afs-72400 author: Peltonen, Jari; Salovaara, Hannu title: Experiences of an automatic small-scale 'home bakery' in test bakings of six spring wheat varieties date: 1991 words: 1722 flesch: 60 summary: Maataloustieteellinen A ikakauskirja Vol. 63: 131—135, 1991 Experiences of an automatic small-scale 'home bakery' in test bakings of six spring wheat varieties JARI PELTONEN* and HANNU SALOVAARA** * Department of Crop Husbandry and ** Department of Food Chemistry and Technology SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. However, test baking is a labori- ous procedure, and often constitutes a bottle- neck in studies of the baking quality of wheat lots. keywords: baking; flour; loaf; quality; test; volume cache: afs-72400.pdf plain text: afs-72400.txt item: #1862 of 2310 id: afs-72401 author: Roivainen, Päivi title: The effect of cytokinins in vitro on the growth and development of Elatior begonias (Begonia Elatior-hybr.) date: 1991 words: 3125 flesch: 66 summary: The survival rate after transfer in vivo was highest among big shoots (97 %) and lowest among small shoots (65 %). In commercial propa- gation, a great number of shoots per explant would be desirable, but small shoots (or rather buds) cannot be utilized for propagation un- less a method to enhance their growth can be developed. keywords: elatior; ipa; kinetin; mg/1; number; plants; shoots; variation cache: afs-72401.pdf plain text: afs-72401.txt item: #1863 of 2310 id: afs-72402 author: Ylätalo, Matti title: Determination of the capitalized and market values of supplementary arable land in southern Finland, 1972—1986 date: 1991 words: 52812 flesch: 63 summary: Nositschka (1973) and Wentrup (1978) es- timated the effect of a number of variables influencing the variation of land prices, al- though the effect of any single variable on land price proved mostly to be weak. In the Department of Agricultural Eco- nomics of the University of Helsinki, aca- demic theses have examined arable land prices using these data. keywords: agriculture; average; board; bookkeeping farms; buildings; capital; cattle farms; costs; cultivation; data; determination; economic; effect; factors; farm land; farms; figure; fim; finland; function; grain farms; hand; increase; interest; labour; land; land acquisition; land area; land demand; land improvements; land land; land market; land price; land purchases; land quality; land surveying; land transactions; land use; land value; market price; market value; national; national board; period; price development; price level; price register; prices; production; rate; research; results; return; size; southern; study; table; value product; values; variables; years; yield cache: afs-72402.pdf plain text: afs-72402.txt item: #1864 of 2310 id: afs-72403 author: Jokinen, Kari title: Competition and yield advantage in barley-barley and barley-oats mixtures date: 1991 words: 15648 flesch: 60 summary: In trying to combine the two spe- cies so that there was less mutual competition at critical stages, Syme and Bremner (1968) found that mixture yields did not exceed the better component and were usually similar to mid-component. Yield and competition in barley variety mixtures. keywords: barley; competition; components; crop; density; genotype; grain; grain yield; growth; mixtures; model; nitrogen; oats; oats mixtures; plant; regression; resources; results; stand; total; varietal; yield; yield advantage; yield total cache: afs-72403.pdf plain text: afs-72403.txt item: #1865 of 2310 id: afs-72404 author: Jokinen, Kari title: Yield and competition in barley variety mixtures date: 1991 words: 8867 flesch: 69 summary: Lang, R.W., Holmes, J.C., Taylor, B.R. & Waterson, H.A. 1975.The performance of barley variety mixtures. Also growing of variety mixtures, multi- lines or bulk hybrids instead of pure line var- ieties has been proposed as a means of obtain- ing higher and more stable yields. keywords: agneta; arra; average; barley; competition; grain; mixtures; nitrogen; ratio; row; table; varieties; variety; variety mixtures; yield cache: afs-72404.pdf plain text: afs-72404.txt item: #1866 of 2310 id: afs-72405 author: Jokinen, Kari title: Assessment of competition and yield advantage in addition series of barley variety mixtures date: 1991 words: 7131 flesch: 61 summary: Trenbath (1974) showed that there is the tendency for actual mixture yields to lie above expected combined with the closeness of RYT’s to uni- ty. The influence of nitrogen fertilization, density and the composition of the mixture on the relative yield to- tals (RYT) and land equivalent ratio (LER) of barley variety mixtures. keywords: arra; average; barley; competition; density; fertilization; grain; mixtures; nitrogen; plant; varieties; variety; yield cache: afs-72405.pdf plain text: afs-72405.txt item: #1867 of 2310 id: afs-72406 author: Jokinen, Kari title: Competition and yield performance in mixtures of oats and barley - nitrogen fertilization, density and proportion of the components date: 1991 words: 8302 flesch: 62 summary: In trying to combine the two species so that there was less mutual com- petition at critical stages, Syme and Bremner (1968) found that mixture yields did not ex- ceed the better component and were usually similar to mid-component. Syme and Bremner (1968) and Fejer et al. (1982) found that mixture yields did not exceed those of the better component. keywords: agneta; average; barley; competition; density; mixture; nitrogen; nitrogen fertilization; oats; proportion; veli; yield cache: afs-72406.pdf plain text: afs-72406.txt item: #1868 of 2310 id: afs-72407 author: Jokinen, Kari title: Influence of different barley varieties on competition and yield performance in barley-oats mixtures at two levels of nitrogen fertilization date: 1991 words: 5512 flesch: 65 summary: Plant relative yields (PRY) and plant relative yield components of barley (Agneta, Ida and Aapo) and oats (Veli). Grain yield keywords: aapo; agneta; average; barley; fertilization; grain; mixture; nitrogen; oats; protein; relative; veli; yield cache: afs-72407.pdf plain text: afs-72407.txt item: #1869 of 2310 id: afs-72408 author: Jokinen, Kari title: The effect of site on competition and yield advantages of mixtures of barley and oats date: 1991 words: 3442 flesch: 64 summary: Grain yield means within site rows, grain yield means in the average column and grain yield means in the average row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5 % level (HSD test). In other studies of barley-oats mixtures (Syme and Bremner 1968, Jokinen 1991 b) it was shown that the number of ears per plant and the number of grains per ear varied more than grain weight in circumstances where differences in monoculture and mixture yields were ob- served. keywords: barley; grain; jokinen; mixture; oats; protein; yield cache: afs-72408.pdf plain text: afs-72408.txt item: #1870 of 2310 id: afs-72409 author: Yli-Halla, Markku title: Phosphate adsorption characteristics of two soils responding differently to P fertilization date: 1991 words: 3560 flesch: 62 summary: Also the quantities of reversibly adsorbed P were smaller in the subsamples of soil I as compared to those of soil II receiving the same fertilization. As an example, when the solution of 0.5 mg P/l was added (P addition of 25 mg P/kg), the subsamples of soil II not fertilized with P adsorbed 14.8 mg/kg (59 %) while as much as 20.2 mg/kg (81 %) was adsorbed by the corrensponding subsample of soil I. From the same addition, 61 % and 27 °7o was adsorbed by the subsamples fertilized with the highest P rate in soils I and 11, respectively. keywords: adsorption; fertilization; soil; solution cache: afs-72409.pdf plain text: afs-72409.txt item: #1871 of 2310 id: afs-72410 author: Huhtanen, Pekka; Khalili, Hannele; Näsi, Matti title: A comparison of untreated and formaldehyde-treated barley distiller’s solubles and rapeseed meal as protein supplements in dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum date: 1991 words: 4810 flesch: 64 summary: Milk protein content and milk protein yield were significantly (P < 0.05; PcO.Ol) higher for cows given protein sup- plements. Among the three protein supple- ments, the best response in milk protein yield was obtained with RSM; the difference be- tween RSM and the mean value of the DOS diets was significant (P<0.01). keywords: barley; cows; dds; diet; milk; protein; rsm; silage; yield cache: afs-72410.pdf plain text: afs-72410.txt item: #1872 of 2310 id: afs-72411 author: Näsi, Matti title: Digestibility and protein utilization responses of soybean and rape seed meal to physical and enzymatic treatments in diets for growing pigs date: 1991 words: 5260 flesch: 64 summary: Index words: soybean meal, rapeseed meal, processing, enzymes, digestibility, pig Introduction Protein supplementation in pig diets is mainly based on oilseed meals while the use of fish meal is avoided due to its negative ef- fects on meat quality. Proper processing is of great importance in order to ensure the nutri- tional value of soybean meal (SBM) and rape seed meal (RSM) for pig diets. keywords: diets; digestibility; enzyme; feed; meals; pigs; processing; protein; sbm; soybean cache: afs-72411.pdf plain text: afs-72411.txt item: #1873 of 2310 id: afs-72412 author: Näsi, Matti; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka title: Effects of thermal processing on digestibility and protein utilization of rapeseed meal of medium and low glucosinolate type in diets for growing pigs date: 1991 words: 4436 flesch: 64 summary: The GL-reduction treatment used removed 0.68 of the original GL, while Opex treated RSM’s had 0.33 to 0.45 lower total GL- content than untreated RSM’s. 2. RSM’s treated for ru- minant escape protein had the same or better digestibility than untreated RSM’s; pooled average values being 0.669 vs. 0.680 for OM and 0.746 vs. 0.757 for CP, respectively. keywords: digestibility; meal; opex; pigs; protein; rapeseed; rsm cache: afs-72412.pdf plain text: afs-72412.txt item: #1874 of 2310 id: afs-72413 author: Saastamoinen, M. T. title: Some factors of the time of breaking and training affecting racing performance in young trotters date: 1991 words: 4916 flesch: 73 summary: F-test for Standardbred trotter Finnhorse trotter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Trait and age Trait and age Best time Best time 3 ** *• ** ** NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS * NS 6 NS NS • NS • NS NS Number of starts Number of starts 3 * NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS »• NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS •** NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 6 NS NS NS NS * NS NS (Earnings)I'* 1'* (Earnings)’ 7* 3 NS * NS NS NS * NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS •• NS 5 *• NS ** NS NS NS NS 5 ••• NS NS NS NS NS NS 6 NS NS NS NS » NS NS Logit (first placings) Logit (first placings) 3 NS NS NS NS NS • NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS • NS NS 5 ** NS NS NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS �* NS NS 6 NS NS NS NS NS NS Logit (first-to-third-placings) Logit (first-to-third placings) 3 NS NS NS NS NS • NS 4 NS NS � NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS ** NS NS 5 NS NS * NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS * NS 6 *� NS NS NS NS NS NS Logit (disqualified races) Logit (disqualified races) 3 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 5 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 6 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Levels of statitical significance: *•* p0.10) difference between diets on certain fatty acids such as C 4 C6:o’ C 10:l’ C 12;0 C.4:P C 18:3 alld C20:0 (Table 8)' Concentrations of Cl2 C ]4.o and C l 6 0 decreased on oats and RSO feeding, but no apparent difference was observed between barley, W 1 and W 2 feeding on these fatty acids. RSO diet slightly increased milk and FCM yield and sustained milk protein yield but decreased milk fat and protein contents compared to barley. keywords: barley; composition; content; cows; fat; fatty; fed; feeding; milk; oats; oil; oli; protein; rso; silage; wood; yield cache: afs-72444.pdf plain text: afs-72444.txt item: #1906 of 2310 id: afs-72445 author: Salo, Tapio; Pietola, Liisa; Jokinen, Raili title: The effect of chloride and nitrogen on nitrate accumulation and yield in beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva) date: 1992 words: 4332 flesch: 67 summary: Effect of different fertilization treatments on soil EC, and nitrate content, yield and dry mattercontent ofbeetroot in the pot experiment. The difference in soil nitrate contents between two nitrogen treat- ments was almost double until October. keywords: agric; chloride; content; days; experiment; fertilization; nitrate; nitrogen; pot; soil; sowing; yield cache: afs-72445.pdf plain text: afs-72445.txt item: #1907 of 2310 id: afs-72446 author: Peltonen, Jari title: A perspective for setting the research priorities for the productivity of future crop production in Finland date: 1992 words: 2901 flesch: 62 summary: Chemical composition, yield productivity (grams ofbiomass per gram ofphotosynthate), and nitrogen requirements (milligrams ofN per gram ofphotosynthate) for crop yield of 19 crop species. The author proposes that future research work on crop production should concentrate on alleviating the problems associated with overwintering and frost, early summer drought and rainy autumn in order to enhance the competitiveness of field crop pro- duction in Finland. keywords: agric; crop; finland; oats; peltonen; production; productivity; protein; yield cache: afs-72446.pdf plain text: afs-72446.txt item: #1908 of 2310 id: afs-72447 author: Tesfa, Alem Tsehai; Tuori, Mikko; Syrjälä-Qvist, Liisa title: The influence of partial replacement of barley with dietary fat sources on growth and feed conversion efficiency of growing bulls date: 1992 words: 6679 flesch: 64 summary: Major differences in fatty acid composition due to fat sources were: decreased palmitic acid (C 16. 0), in- creased stearic (C lg0 ), oleic acid (C lgl) and trans- isomer of oleic acid on RSO and TS diets. The only difference was that animals fed with animal fat had more saturatedfatty acids than sun- flower oil fed animals. keywords: acid; animal; bulls; casfa; composition; control; effect; fat; fatty; fed; feed; intake; rso; weight cache: afs-72447.pdf plain text: afs-72447.txt item: #1909 of 2310 id: afs-72448 author: Huhtanen, Pekka; Miettinen, Harri title: Milk production and concentrations of blood metabolites as influenced by the level of wet distiller’s solubles in dairy cows receiving grass silage-based diet date: 1992 words: 6645 flesch: 66 summary: Cubic Acetoacetate (mmol/1) 0.155 0.138 0.119 0.121 0.0021 NS NS NS B-hydroxybutyrate (mmol/1) 1.37 1.18 1.13 1.09 0.0157 NS NS NS VFA (pmol/1) Acetate 1079 985 1105 984 105.2 NS NS NS Propionate 22.2 28.0 30.9 27.4 3.51 NS NS NS Isobutyrate 6.6 7.7 8.1 7.2 0,89 NS NS NS Butyrate 42.9 52.3 53.4 54.4 4.03 o NS NS Isovalerate 4.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.59 NS NS NS Glucose (mmol/1) 3.35 3.46 3.56 3.55 0.080 o NS NS Insulin (mU/1) 1 27,9 30.9 32.7 29.7 1.79 NS NS NS NEFA (pmol/1) 92 93 99 103 3.87 * NS NS Urea (mmol/1) 3.58 3.86 4.72 5.08 0.214 *** NS NS ■The biological activity of the bovine insulin standards used was approximately 27 IU/mg 285 Agric. Cubic Milk yield (kg/d) 23.6 24.5 24.4 24.4 0.25 * NS NS FCM yield (kg/d) 25.4 25.8 25.8 25.8 0.27 NS NS NS Milk composition (g/kg) keywords: barley; blood; cows; diet; huhtanen; intake; milk; plasma; protein; sci; silage; wds; yield cache: afs-72448.pdf plain text: afs-72448.txt item: #1910 of 2310 id: afs-72449 author: Näsi, Matti; Aimonen, Erkki title: Evaluation of undehydrated barley feed fractions and dried oat feed fractions from integrated starch-ethanol process in diets of growing pigs date: 1992 words: 5503 flesch: 66 summary: BP showed higher protein digestibility than DS (0.931 vs. 0.857) and pigs on BP-diet retained more N than on DS-diet. BP showed higher protein digestibility than DS but organic matter and ether extract digest- ibilities were quite similar in both protein sources. keywords: barley; diet; digestibility; feed; fibre; fractions; oat; pigs; process; protein cache: afs-72449.pdf plain text: afs-72449.txt item: #1911 of 2310 id: afs-72450 author: Kenttämies, Hilkka; Käyhkö, Harri title: Repeatability of subjective grading in fur animals I. Grading of live foxes (Vulpes vulpes) date: 1992 words: 2105 flesch: 66 summary: Colour tended to be easier to judge than body size or general appearance. The coefficients of repeatability were 0.74 for colour, 0.55 for body size and 0.57 for general appearance. keywords: appearance; body; colour; foxes; grading; sample; size cache: afs-72450.pdf plain text: afs-72450.txt item: #1912 of 2310 id: afs-72451 author: Kenttämies, Hilkka; Smeds, Kerstin title: Repeatability of subjective grading in fur animals II. Grading of mink and blue fox pelts date: 1992 words: 2567 flesch: 70 summary: Mink pelts appeared to be more difficult to grade than blue fox pelts. Repeatabilities of grading It appeared to be more difficult to grade mink pelts than blue fox pelts. keywords: foxes; grading; judges; minks; pelt; traits cache: afs-72451.pdf plain text: afs-72451.txt item: #1913 of 2310 id: afs-72452 author: Kenttämies, Hilkka; Smeds, Kerstin title: Repeatability of subjective grading in fur animals III. Grading of live blue foxes in different environmental conditions date: 1992 words: 3926 flesch: 64 summary: Therefore it can be stated that not even a trained judge is capable of evaluating live blue fox fur as reliably as theirpelts. Grading of live blue foxes in different environmental conditions Hilkka Kenttämies and Kerstin Smeds Kenttämies, H. & Smeds, K. 1992. keywords: cages; daylight; density; foxes; grading; judge; traits cache: afs-72452.pdf plain text: afs-72452.txt item: #1914 of 2310 id: afs-72453 author: Jain, S. Mohan; Oker-Blom, Christian; Pehu, Eija; Newton, R. J. title: Genetic engineering: An additional tool for plant improvement date: 1992 words: 10602 flesch: 62 summary: 1985,Shah et al. 1986, Stalker et al. 1988; Stre- ber and Willmitzer 1989,D’Halluin et al. 1992), isopentyl transferase (Smigocki and Owens 1988), insect resistance from B. thuringiensis (Vaeck et al. 1987,Delannay et al. 1989,Perlak et al. 1990, Cheng et al. 1992), insect pest resistance due to cowpea trypsin inhibitors coding for proteinase inhibitors (Hilder et al. 1987, 1989), fungal pro- tection (Logemann et al. 1992), virus coat protein (Beachy et al. 1990, Powell et al. 1986, 1989, 1990, Kawchuk et al. 1990, Kallerhoff et al. 1990,Ehlers et al. 1991, Gielen et al. 1991), pol- len development (Mariani et al. 1990), phaseolin gene (Chee et al. 1986, Sengupta-Gopalan et al. 1985), methionine-rich seed protein from Brazil nut (Altenbach et al. 1992), yeast ornithine de- carboxylase gene for increasing plant secondary product nicotine (Hamill et al. 1990 a), chalcone synthase gene (Doernhr et al. 1990) and cold res- istance (Kurkela and Franck 1990). Potential for exploiting plant genes to genetically engineer insect resistance, exemplified by the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene. keywords: agrobacterium; antisense; appi; biol; biotech; cell; crop; dna; et al; expression; gene; insect; markers; mol; pcr; plant; protein; resistance; rflp; rna; sci; theor; tobacco; transfer; transformation; transgenic; virus cache: afs-72453.pdf plain text: afs-72453.txt item: #1915 of 2310 id: afs-72454 author: Ahokas, Hannu; Erkkilä, Maria J. title: Barley β-amylase and β-glucanase activities at germination in vulgare-type lines from backcrosses of wild, spontaneum strains with cv. Adorra date: 1992 words: 4319 flesch: 65 summary: The high protein contents of wild barleys seemingly lower the activities when calculated for protein and compared with domesticated barley which has some 50% of the protein content of wild barley (Table 1). Formation of proteinase inhibitors in deve- loping barley grain. keywords: activity; agric; ahokas; amylase; barley; glucanase; grain; protein; spontaneum cache: afs-72454.pdf plain text: afs-72454.txt item: #1916 of 2310 id: afs-72455 author: Tuori, Mikko title: Rapeseed meal as a supplementary protein for dairy cows on grass silage-based diet, with the emphasis on the Nordic AAT-PBV feed protein evaluation system date: 1992 words: 38356 flesch: 71 summary: The change in milk protein content was 0.07 g/kg per 1 MJ ME. Rapeseed protein 380 2.1.2.4. keywords: aat; acid; agric; amino; anim; bag; concentrate; cows; crude; dairy; dairy cows; degradation; diet; digestibility; effect; energy; et al; experiment; feed protein; feeding; feeds; finl; glucosinolates; goitrin; grass; hay; heat; intake; low; microbial; milk; milk production; milk protein; milk yield; nitrogen; oil; pbv; production; protein; protein content; protein yield; rapeseed; rapeseed meal; rsm; rumen; sbm; sci; sei; silage; system; table; total; treatment; utilization; value; yield cache: afs-72455.pdf plain text: afs-72455.txt item: #1917 of 2310 id: afs-72456 author: Aronen, Ilmo; Toivonen, Vesa; Ketoja, Elise; Öfversten, Jukka title: Beef production as influenced by stage of maturity of grass for silage and level and type of supplementary concentrates date: 1992 words: 9807 flesch: 67 summary: This difference dimin- ished in the course of the experiment (p 5.5, followed immediately by neutralization, had little effect on therenneting properties of heated milks but storage of milk samples for 24 h at pH 5.5 before neutral- ization improved rennet coagulability. Acidification to pH values < 6.2 or addition of low concentrations of CaCh greatly improved the rennet coagulation properties of heated milk. keywords: coagulation; dairy; heated; milk; rennet cache: afs-72659.pdf plain text: afs-72659.txt item: #1981 of 2310 id: afs-72660 author: Kiiskinen, Tuomo; Hakatie, Hilkka title: Effects of a short laying rest on postrest egg production and egg quality date: 1993 words: 5112 flesch: 71 summary: [^C H * * NS NS NS NS NS NS T x H NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS » See Table 2. [\jg 78.7 1.0753 2.65 7.5 76.9 1.0793 2.60 7.5 61.6 1.0804 2.79 6.7 72.4 1.0783 2.68 7.2 0.88 0.00062 0.043 0.66 IB Mean SEM Significance of F-value T H ** NS •* NS *•* *** NS NS » NS NS NS *** *** NS NS NS NS * NST x H NS NS NS Significances: NS = non-significant, * = P < 0.05, ** C = control, WB = whole-grain barley, F = fast P «>. Results The results for the estimated Mitscherlich function (12) as well as the square root functional form (9) and quadratic functional form (8) for wheat and barley yield on two different soil types are pre- sented in tables 2,3, 4 and 5. keywords: clay; fertilizer; form; function; hypothesis; level; mitscherlich; nitrogen; production; profit; quadratic; response; root; square; wheat cache: afs-72672.pdf plain text: afs-72672.txt item: #1994 of 2310 id: afs-72673 author: Alaviuhkola, Timo; Hautala, Marja; Suomi, Kaija; Vuorenmaa, Juhani title: Effect of barley grinding method and sodium polyacrylate supplement in the diet on the performance and stomach ulcer development of growing finishing pigs date: 1993 words: 3205 flesch: 68 summary: Nielsen, E.K. 1990.The influence of feeding on the develop- ment and health of slaughter pig stomachs and on appe- tite. Two different grinding methods - rolling and hammer milling - as well as polyacrylate supplement in the diet were studied to evaluate their effect on the performance of pigs and the incidence of gastric lesions. keywords: barley; effect; grinding; hammer; lesions; pigs; spa; stomach cache: afs-72673.pdf plain text: afs-72673.txt item: #1995 of 2310 id: afs-72674 author: Pihlanto-Leppälä, Anne; Pahkala, Eero; Antila, Veijo title: Hydrolysis of κ-casein in solution by chymosin, plasmin, trypsin and Lactobacillus -proteinases date: 1993 words: 3709 flesch: 64 summary: Analogy between fibrinogen and casein. Characteristics of macropeptide fraction isolated from whole casein and purified -casein. keywords: bonds; casein; chymosin; hours; hydrolysis; peptides; plasmin; trypsin cache: afs-72674.pdf plain text: afs-72674.txt item: #1996 of 2310 id: afs-72675 author: Yao, Yingmou title: Effects of temperature sum on vitamin C concentration and yield of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) fruit: optimal time of fruit harvest date: 1993 words: 5061 flesch: 66 summary: Relationships among vitamin C concentration, fruit yield, vitamin C yield and fruit maturity From the results (Figs. 4. Relationships among vitamin C concentration (V c ), fruit yield (Yf), fruit maturity (Mp ) and vitaminC yield (Vy). keywords: buckthorn; d.d; fruit; maturity; sum; temperature; time; vitamin; yield cache: afs-72675.pdf plain text: afs-72675.txt item: #1997 of 2310 id: afs-72676 author: Peltonen, Jari; Juutti, Tapio; Suopelto, Juha title: The bread making quality of Finnish spring wheats - a proposal for classification date: 1993 words: 4520 flesch: 67 summary: Reversion cm Loaf resilience (LR) 2.0 0 2.1 -2.3 0.51.0 2.4 - 2.6 1.5 -2.0 Classification ofwheat cultivars 2.7 - 2.9 2.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 3.2 3.5 - 4.0 The German classification system of wheat quality (Weizensorten und Backqualität 1990) was applied to classify the quality ofFinnish spring wheat culti- vars. Finl. 2 (1993) https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=3EQQWdjzIpoocB3_.60wEFBeJYZC8JaK64p3d3w.cIgkcEq_wnPhJndqOGM96T3u5UJTa4ppd7czGSf0aBVJa2dE_H_15rf6Glhgu_i0tNGebvQ_JTZczfuYzdRQ3Ji3f-YjYL40DbkytOwnC4JM-Zb2duIWuyZSgTqAaj66upJslzDRiMOe0P6DLVMHlq3zcahf4DB-QXhuvB0dartVagwzfhua2jrtJ3vBI6qyDZXpPuktL0Wh4fsvKvr0uIIFkv1V6_tGdSVjqYls841hp0jm6ESuuihbjvRljHFbI4yY7twDcgkoUQ7pFMawiNFMghRJDF77mAqJOlMjv2W8nTTs tion, some requirements ofgood quality wheat flour such as protein and gluten content, and dough qual- ity have been suggested (Kulhomäki and Sa- lovaara 1985, Laukkanen 1991). keywords: baking; bread; class; classes; control; cultivar; dough; fpc; fvalo; quality; table; volume; wheat cache: afs-72676.pdf plain text: afs-72676.txt item: #1998 of 2310 id: afs-72677 author: Saloniemi, Hannu; Kallela, Kaarlo; Saastamoinen, Ilkka title: Study of the phytoestrogen content of goat’s rue (Galega orientalis), alfalfa (Medicago sutiva) and white clover (Trifolium repens) date: 1993 words: 4152 flesch: 65 summary: A biological study of the efficacy of the estro- genic effect of white clover varieties was only con- ducted from the clover samples grown at the South Savo Research Station. Study of the phytoestrogen content of goat’s rue (Galega orientalis ), alfalfa (Medicago sutiva) and white clover (Trifolium repens) Hannu Saloniemi, Kaarlo Kallela and Ilkka Saastamoinen Saloniemi, H., Kallela, K. & Saastamoinen, 1.1993. keywords: alfalfa; clover; coumestrol; effect; phytoestrogens; research; samples; studies; white cache: afs-72677.pdf plain text: afs-72677.txt item: #1999 of 2310 id: afs-72678 author: Salonen, Jukka title: Weed infestation and factors affecting weed incidence in spring cereals in Finland - a multivariate approach date: 1993 words: 5543 flesch: 60 summary: Detailed information of the sur- vey and the occurrence of weed species has been given by Erviö and Salonen (1987). Key to abbreviations Weed species: ACHSS = Achillea spp., AGRRE = Elymus repens, AVEFA = Avena falua, BRSSS = Brassica spp., BRSRO = Brassica rapa ssp. keywords: agric; analysis; biomass; cca; crop; data; factors; fields; fig; finland; ordination; soil; species; spp; weed; weed species cache: afs-72678.pdf plain text: afs-72678.txt item: #2000 of 2310 id: afs-72679 author: Salonen, Jukka title: Performance of reduced herbicide doses in spring cereals date: 1993 words: 5752 flesch: 65 summary: Fluroxypyr was introduced into the official screening trials in Finland in 1982 as a new herbi- cide for weed control in cereal crops, with particu- lar effect on Galium aparine L. (Paul et al. 1985). Cost-effectiveness of weed control in cereals - systems based on thresholds and reduced rates. keywords: application; barley; biomass; control; crop; doses; efficacy; fields; herbicide; mcpa; plots; proc; spring; weed; wheat; yield cache: afs-72679.pdf plain text: afs-72679.txt item: #2001 of 2310 id: afs-72680 author: Tuovinen, Tuomo title: Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Gamasina) in Finnish apple plantations with reference to integrated control of phytophagous mites date: 1993 words: 49416 flesch: 66 summary: Integrated control of apple mites. 122: 5-14. —, MacRAE, I.V. & Currans, K.G. 1992.Factors affecting biological control of apple mites by mixedpopulations of Metaseiulus occidentalis and Typhlodromus pyri. keywords: acari; acaricides; agric; amblyseius; apple orchards; apple trees; bushes; chant; clofentezine; control; densities; density; dichlofluanid; dithianon; dorsal; effect; eggs; entomol; erm; et al; field; fig; finlandicus; flubenzimine; hexythiazox; host; karg; laboratory; larvae; leaf; leaves; macropilis; numbers; orchards; p. ulmi; pairs; paraseiulus; pesticides; phytoseiid mites; phytoseiid species; phytoseiidae; plants; pores; predatory; present; prey; pyri; resistance; results; samples; setae; shield; soleiger; species; spider mites; sprays; study; table; tests; treatments; triforine; tuovinen; typhlodromus; unsprayed; vegetation; winter cache: afs-72680.pdf plain text: afs-72680.txt item: #2002 of 2310 id: afs-72681 author: Salonen, Jukka title: Reducing herbicide use in spring cereal production date: 1993 words: 43642 flesch: 64 summary: The average reduction of weed biomassby herbicide treatmentwas 75%. Even lower herbicide doses were often adequate, depending on the herbicide, weed species and the crop. keywords: agric; analysis; application; arvensis; average; barley; cereals; changes; chemical weed; composition; conf; crop; crop yield; data; der; dose; effect; efficacy; erviö; ewrs; experiments; factors; fields; fig; finland; fluroxypyr; growth; herbicide; herbicide application; herbicide doses; herbicide use; low; mcpa; mecoprop; number; ordination; plots; proc; production; prot; rates; research; results; salonen; sei; soil; spp; spraying; spring; spring barley; spring cereals; spring wheat; table; total; trials; use; weed; weed biomass; weed communities; weed control; weed densities; weed density; weed flora; weed growth; weed infestation; weed management; weed populations; weed res; weed research; weed seedlings; weed species; weed survey; weed vegetation; wheat; years; yield cache: afs-72681.pdf plain text: afs-72681.txt item: #2003 of 2310 id: afs-72683 author: Kola, Jukka; Sihvola, Sanna title: Leisure and farmers’ welfare in changing conditions date: 1994 words: 7688 flesch: 53 summary: When the number of farms decreases and diver- sity in the needs for relief services increases, a local, multipurpose enterprise could be the most efficient and flexible in meeting the changing de- mand offarmers for relief services. Quantities of relief services demanded and supplied and changes in surpluses of farmers and service suppliers at different price levels in the system of reformed relief services. keywords: days; demand; farmers; fim; finland; holiday; income; leisure; price; relief; relief services; services; state; supply; system; welfare cache: afs-72683.pdf plain text: afs-72683.txt item: #2004 of 2310 id: afs-72684 author: Aronen, Ilmo; Lampila, Martti; Hepola, Helena title: Comparison of diets based on grass silage, hay or oat straw supplemented with four levels of concentrates in the feeding of growing Ayrshire bulls date: 1994 words: 5508 flesch: 62 summary: On grass silage feeding, the first kg of concen- trates decreased grass silage intake by 0.25 kg DM/kg of concentrate DM, the second by 0.70 kg and the third by 0.56kg. Daily supplements of concentrates were 0,1, 2 or 3 kg on grass silage feeding, 1,2, 3 or 4 kg on hay feeding and 2,3, 4 or 5 kg on straw feeding. keywords: carcass; concentrates; effect; feeding; gain; grass; hay; intake; protein; silage; straw cache: afs-72684.pdf plain text: afs-72684.txt item: #2005 of 2310 id: afs-72685 author: Helander, Eija; Näsi, Matti; Partanen, Kirsi title: Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs I. Effects on nutrient digestibility and mineral balances in finishing pigs date: 1994 words: 7798 flesch: 65 summary: Treatment HP MP LP SHM Statistical significance WB- WB+ WB- WB+ WB- WB + Cl C 2 C 3 C 4 C5 N intake, g/d 80.6 77.7 85.2 78.2 80.7 76.5 0.41 *** NS *** NS ••• N excretion in faeces, g/d 13.1 11.6 12.8 12.6 12.6 12.5 0.26 * NS NS • NS N digested, g/d 67.5 66.1 72.4 65.6 68.0 64.0 0.59 *** NS *** •** -of intake 0.836 0.851 0.850 0.839 0.843 0.836 0.0040 NS NS NS •NS -of intake (corrected by N intake) 0.831 0.865 0.814 0.850 0.837 0.858 0.0030 ** NS * o NS N excretion in urine, g/d 31.9 32.7 37.1 33.1 36.0 31.3 1.26 * NS o * NS N retained, g/d 35.6 33.4 35.3 32.4 32.0 32.6 1.16 NS o NS NS NS -of intake 0.446 0.432 0.417 0.418 0.400 0.428 0.0142 NS NS NS NS NS -of digested 0.535 0.508 0.491 0.498 0.475 0.514 0.0174 NS NS NS o NS -g/W7 Vd 1.158 1.091 1.154 1.065 1.041 1.088 0.0377 NS NS NS NS NS Urea N, g/d 24.8 27.1 28.8 27.2 30.8 27.5 1.22 NS * NS * NS Urea N, g/W07Vd 0.769 0.862 0.905 0.857 0.970 0.868 0.0399 NS * NS * NS Biological value 0.602 0.577 0.556 0.568 0.545 0.584 0.0167 NS NS NS o NS HP = high phosphorus (P), MP = medium P, LP = low P, WB- = no wheat bran, WB+ = 100 g wheat bran/kg diet. ** *»• Ca supply in water, g/d 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.005 NS NS NS NS NS Ca excretion in faeces, g/d 14.34 15.05 15.10 14.66 15.30 14,66 0.546 NS NS NS NS NS keywords: bran; diets; digestibility; phosphorus; phytase; pigs; retention; wheat cache: afs-72685.pdf plain text: afs-72685.txt item: #2006 of 2310 id: afs-72686 author: Helander, Eija; Partanen, Kirsi title: Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs II. Performance and bone mineralization in growing-finishing pigs date: 1994 words: 5241 flesch: 64 summary: MPWB+ LPWB- LPWB+ SEM 2 CP C 2 C 3 C 4 C5 No of observa- tions4 6 6 6 6 Initial weight, kg 31.231.4 31.229.9 Final weight, kg 101.0101.8 100.2 99,0 Weight gain, kg 69.8 70.4 69.0 69.1 Daily gain, g/d 865 906 885 846 Days in experiment 81.3 78.8 78.4 81.3 Feed, FU/pig 194.7 191.5 188.5 194.0 FU/pig/d 2.40 2.40 2.39 2.37 FCR 6 , FU/kg gain 2.79 2.66 2.71 2.81 Carcass weight, kg 75.3 75.1 75,9 75.2 Loss at slaughter, kg 24.7 25.3 24.0 24.7 Loss at slaughter, % 24.7 24.8 24.1 24.8 Quality grade 7 8.6 8.4 8.6 8.7 6 6 30.631.0 0.4655 NS NS NS NS NS 99.498.4 1.37’ NS * NS NS NS 68.867.4 1.32’ NS * NS NS NS 835 812 19.6’ NS NS • o 82.683.5 0.86 NS o NS NS o 201.9197.3 3.53 NS o NS NS NS 2.322.37 0.026 NS • NS NS NS 2.942.93 0.051 NS ••• NS NS o 75.474.6 0.36’ NS * NS NS NS 24.625.4 0.36’ NS NS NS NS NS 24.6 25.4 0.363 NS NS NS NS NS 8.5 8.8 0.12 NS NS NS NS NS 1 HP = high P, MP = medium P, LP = low P, WB- = no wheat bran, WB+ = 100 g wheat bran in the diet. MPWB+ LPWB- LPWB+ SEM Cl2 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 Tibia weight, g 199.4 210.1 208.5 208.7 195.4 201.8 5.04 NS NS NS NS NS Tibia density, g/cm 3 1.321 1.281 1.331 1.303 1.342 1.331 0.0182 NS o NS NS NS Fibula weight, g 31.1 32.5 32.8 30.4 29.1 30.2 1.10 NS o NS NS o Fibula density, g/cm 3 1.258 1.302 1.324 1.296 1.280 1.208 0.0367 NS NS NS NS NS Ash, % of bone dry matter (fibula) 62.9 62.2 62.7 60.6 60.4 60.5 1.62 NS ** NS NS NS Calcium, g/kg ash (fibula) 373.4 377.6 381.3 380.6 371.5 362.5 2.39 NS ** �** * NS Phosphorus, g/kg ash (fibula) 170.8 170.1 175.8 175.7 170.3 170.6 0.68 NS NS �** NS NS Breaking strenght, kg (tibia) 108.3 73.8 71.8 71.7 80.6 100.0 8.34 NS NS * *• NS 1 Eight tibia and fibula bones per treatment. keywords: bone; content; diets; feed; phosphorus; phytase; pigs cache: afs-72686.pdf plain text: afs-72686.txt item: #2007 of 2310 id: afs-72687 author: Korhonen, Hannu; Alasuutari, Sakari title: Social relationships and reproductive performance in group-living arctic blue foxes date: 1994 words: 5117 flesch: 62 summary: The aim of the present work was to study social relationships and reproductivity in captive arctic blue fox groups of different genetic origin. MacDonald (1979b) performed a comprehen- sive study on the social regulation of reproductive performance among red fox groups in captivity. keywords: arctic; behaviour; breeding; enclosure; f-2; females; foxes; group; kits cache: afs-72687.pdf plain text: afs-72687.txt item: #2008 of 2310 id: afs-72688 author: Salo, Simo; Posch, Maximilian; Rekolainen, Seppo title: Testing the modified CREAMS/GLEAMS model for pesticide concentration in soil date: 1994 words: 4390 flesch: 58 summary: Testing the modified CREAMS/ GLEAMS model for pesticide concentration in soil. In the top Icm layer, which solely contributes to runoff, the concentration for low Koc values is close to zero already after a few months due to the first major runoff events and infiltration to lower soil layers. keywords: adsorption; concentration; days; finland; layer; model; pesticide; runoff; soil; water cache: afs-72688.pdf plain text: afs-72688.txt item: #2009 of 2310 id: afs-72689 author: Sims, Eric N. title: The rate of technical change in Finnish agriculture, 1960 to 1990 date: 1994 words: 5182 flesch: 59 summary: The rate of technical change in Finnish agriculture, 1960 to 1990 Eric N. Sims Sims, E. N. 1994. The rate of technical change in Finnish agriculture, 1960 to 1990. keywords: agriculture; change; cost; finland; function; index; input; output; production; total cache: afs-72689.pdf plain text: afs-72689.txt item: #2010 of 2310 id: afs-72690 author: Saastamoinen, Markku T. title: Propionic acid treated grain (oats) in the diet of horses date: 1994 words: 3834 flesch: 65 summary: Use of oats treated with propionic acid in horse feeding was investigated in a 48- day feeding trial. Propionic acid treated grain (oats) in the diet of horses. keywords: acid; blood; feeding; glucose; grain; horses; journal; oats; propionate; science cache: afs-72690.pdf plain text: afs-72690.txt item: #2011 of 2310 id: afs-72691 author: Kantanen, Juha; Ojala, Matti title: Blood group and protein polymorphism in the Finnish native cattle populations date: 1994 words: 4121 flesch: 68 summary: East- and North- Finnish cattle differed the most. The B pheno- group Y2D’G’, typical of WFc in this study, had not been observed in other native cattle popula- tions in the Nordic countries (Maijala and Lind- ström 1966). keywords: blood; cattle; efc; finnish; group; nfc; populations; systems; wfc cache: afs-72691.pdf plain text: afs-72691.txt item: #2012 of 2310 id: afs-72692 author: Evers, Aino-Maija title: The influence of fertilization and environment on some nutritionally important quality criteria in vegetables - a review of research in the Nordic countries date: 1994 words: 7098 flesch: 60 summary: The dry matter and vitamin C contents were higher in biodynamically cultivated potatoes than in conventionally cultivated potatoes (Petters- son 1982). It is obvious that yield, dry mat- ter content and vitamin C content are interrelated and they should be considered together. keywords: acid; ascorbic; carotene; carotene content; carrot; content; effects; fertilization; fibre; finland; matter; nitrate; nitrogen; plant; research; science; vegetables; vitamin cache: afs-72692.pdf plain text: afs-72692.txt item: #2013 of 2310 id: afs-72693 author: Lassus, Carola; Voipio, Irma title: Micropropagation of rhubarb with special reference to weaning stage and subsequent growth date: 1994 words: 3090 flesch: 62 summary: Effect of rooting method and propagule size on plant size after a 7-week growing period in Experiment 4 with clone AF. Propagule size affected plant size, but not weaning survival or further growth in the field. keywords: experiment; medium; multiplication; plant; propagule; rooting; size cache: afs-72693.pdf plain text: afs-72693.txt item: #2014 of 2310 id: afs-72694 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo title: Growth duration and above-ground dry-matter partitioning in oats date: 1994 words: 1632 flesch: 52 summary: Key words: Avena saliva L., development, grain yield, phytomass, harvest index Introduction A short growing season and the consequent de- mand for early maturing cultivars are the main factors limiting productivity of annual small grains grown in Finland. The results from this study indicated that cul- tivars that have a short grain-filling period had high rates of panicle and grain filling, which re- sulted in increased HI (Table 1) but had no effect on grain yield. keywords: dvs; filling; finland; grain; growth; panicle; period cache: afs-72694.pdf plain text: afs-72694.txt item: #2015 of 2310 id: afs-72695 author: Jenes, Barnabas; Puolimatka, Matti; Bittencourt, Pedro; Pulli, Seppo title: Time saving method for protoplast isolation, transformation and transient gene expression assay in barley date: 1994 words: 3307 flesch: 53 summary: It can therefore be a limiting factor in applying barley protoplasts to transient gene ex- pression studies. Further refinary of this method to isolate barley protoplasts directly from mature embryo-scutellum complexes is need- ed to improve the yield of protoplasts and the induction level of cell divisions. keywords: barley; cell; culture; expression; gene; plant; protoplasts; suspension; transformation cache: afs-72695.pdf plain text: afs-72695.txt item: #2016 of 2310 id: afs-72696 author: Vihanen-Rantanen, Maija; Sironen, Reijo; Vuento, Matti title: Mapping antigenic epitopes of potato virus Y with antibodies affinity-purified by using overlapping synthetic peptides date: 1994 words: 2503 flesch: 51 summary: On the other hand, the present experiments identified as epitopic several peptides not detect- ed by the standard method of testing binding of anti-PVY antibodies to peptides. In its standard form, this technique involves synthesis of a number of peptides on acrylic-coated polyethyl- ene pins and testing of these peptides for binding of anti-viral antibodies. keywords: antibodies; binding; epitopes; peptides; pvy cache: afs-72696.pdf plain text: afs-72696.txt item: #2017 of 2310 id: afs-72697 author: Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Kurppa, Sirpa; Pihlava, Juha-Matti title: Effects of fenvalerate and permethrin on soil arthropods and on residues in and decomposition of barley straw date: 1994 words: 5047 flesch: 64 summary: The rate of decomposition was slightly higher in sandy soil than in organic soil, but the same on tilled and non-tilled plots. No fenvalerate and permethrin residues were detected in soil samples taken after harvest. keywords: control; decomposition; fenvalerate; finland; insecticide; permethrin; plots; residues; samples; science; soil; straw; treatment cache: afs-72697.pdf plain text: afs-72697.txt item: #2018 of 2310 id: afs-72698 author: Hooker, John E.; Gianinazzi, Silvio; Vestberg, Mauritz; Barea, Jose M.; Atkinson, David title: The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to micropropagation systems: an opportunity to reduce chemical inputs date: 1994 words: 2760 flesch: 49 summary: However, research has now demonstrated significant effects of colonisation on the structur- al morphology of plant roots (eg Berta et al. 1990, Shellenbaum et al. 1991, Hooker et al. 1992) usually resulting in root systems which are more branched and therefore likely to have a high- er capacity for the uptake of nutrients and water. This success means that it is now possible to micropropagate in vitro a wide range of plant species including annual and per- ennial ornamentals, timber trees, ferns and sever- al important crop plants such as banana, pineap- ple, avocado and potato. keywords: amf; gianinazzi; micropropagation; mycorrhizal; plant; root cache: afs-72698.pdf plain text: afs-72698.txt item: #2019 of 2310 id: afs-72699 author: Arines, Justo; Vilariňo, Antonio; Palma, José M. title: Involvement of the superoxide dismutase enzyme in the mycorrhization process date: 1994 words: 2492 flesch: 48 summary: Insight is provided into the generation of superoxide radicals (SORs) and the detoxification role of SOD isozymes. An increase in SOD activity has been detected in susceptible and resistant plants, with selective stimulation of SOD activity taking place: the man- ganese-enzyme in the susceptible cultivar and the cuprozinc-enzyme in the hypersensitive cultivars. keywords: cuzn; plants; sod; sods; stress; superoxide cache: afs-72699.pdf plain text: afs-72699.txt item: #2020 of 2310 id: afs-72700 author: Morte, Maria Asunción; Cano, Antonio; Honrubia, Mario; Torres, Pilar title: In vitro mycorrhization of micropropagated Helianthemum almeriense plantlets with Terfezia claveryi (desert truffle) date: 1994 words: 2337 flesch: 56 summary: We report here the first in vitro mycorrhiza- lion of micropropagated H. almeriense plantlets with Terfezia claveryi. In vitro system for inoculating micropropagated H. almeriense plantlets with T. cla veryi, on a modified MMN medium. keywords: almeriense; claveryi; medium; mmn; plantlets; rooting; vitro cache: afs-72700.pdf plain text: afs-72700.txt item: #2021 of 2310 id: afs-72701 author: Walker, Christopher; Vestberg, Mauritz title: A simple and inexpensive method for producing and maintaining closed pot cultures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi date: 1994 words: 4300 flesch: 57 summary: In one, pot culture substrate was mixed throughout the new substrate in the pot, or placed in a layer beneath the point of sowing or seedling trans- plantation. The inoculum consisted of pot culture substrate con- taining colonised strawberry roots, spores, and hyphae. keywords: cultures; finland; fungi; growth; mycorrhizal; pot; pots; sand; spore; substrate; water cache: afs-72701.pdf plain text: afs-72701.txt item: #2022 of 2310 id: afs-72702 author: Guillemin, Jean-Philippe; Gianinazzi, Silvio; Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne; Marchal, Jean title: Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizas to biological protection of micropropagated pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) against Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands date: 1994 words: 4848 flesch: 54 summary: Soil application of element sulphur as a control of Phytophthora cinnamomi root and heart rot of pineapple. Key words: arbuscular endomycorrhizal infection, bioprotection agent, pathogen fungus, pineapple microplant, plant growth Introduction In soil, plant roots develop in the presence of micro-organisms, some of which can have a pos- itive (e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)) or negative (e.g. pathogen fungi) impact on plant growth. keywords: cinnamomi; endomycorrhizal; mass; pathogen; phytophthora; pineapple; plants; root; shoot; variety cache: afs-72702.pdf plain text: afs-72702.txt item: #2023 of 2310 id: afs-72703 author: Guillemin, Jean-Philippe; Gianinazzi, Silvio; Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne; Marchal, Jean title: Control by arbuscular endomycorrhizae of Pratylenchus brachyurus in pineapple microplants date: 1994 words: 4701 flesch: 48 summary: Key words: Ananas comosus, endomycorrhizal infection, v/froplant, pathogen nem- atode, interactions, integrated control Introduction Arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soilborne pathogens occur together in the rhizo- sphere around plant roots. Population dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes in Queenland pineapple fields and the effects of these nematodes on pineapple production. keywords: control; endomycorrhizal; growth; nematode; pineapple; plants; queen; root; tahiti; varieties; variety cache: afs-72703.pdf plain text: afs-72703.txt item: #2024 of 2310 id: afs-72704 author: Estaun, Victoria; Calvet, Cinta; Camprubi, Amelia title: Arbuscular mycorrhizae and growth enhancement of micropropagated Prunus rootstock in different soilless potting mixes date: 1994 words: 2768 flesch: 56 summary: The receptivity of the organ- ic substrates used in the potting mixes to the AMF and the effects of the inoculation on plant growth have been little studied. This work has studied the receptivity of two different peat based mixes, without added soil, to four AM fungi and the effects of the inoculation on plant growth. keywords: colonisation; fungi; glomus; growth; mixes; mycorrhizal; plant cache: afs-72704.pdf plain text: afs-72704.txt item: #2025 of 2310 id: afs-72705 author: Uosukainen, Marjatta; Vestberg, Mauritz title: Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizas on rooting, weaning and subsequent growth of micropropagated Malus (L.) Moench date: 1994 words: 6315 flesch: 60 summary: Quantification of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots. Also a higher rate of uninoculated plants lapsed into arrest of growth than inoculated plants, even- tually (Table 1).At 18 weeks, 22% of uninoculated and 18 %of inoculated plants were growing vigor- ously, being >5 cm high. keywords: amf; apple; effect; experiment; growth; hanna; inoculation; microcuttings; plants; rooting; soil; weaning; weeks cache: afs-72705.pdf plain text: afs-72705.txt item: #2026 of 2310 id: afs-72706 author: Azcón-Aguilar, Concepcion; Encina, C.L.; Azcón, R.; Barea, Jose Miguel title: Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth and development of micropropagated Annona cherimola plants date: 1994 words: 3034 flesch: 49 summary: Plant growth and development profited re- markably from mycorrhiza establishment. The greatest effects of AMF on plant growth were observed when they were introduced after the acclimatization period. keywords: acclimatization; azcön; cherimola; glomus; growth; inoculation; mycorrhizal; period; plants cache: afs-72706.pdf plain text: afs-72706.txt item: #2027 of 2310 id: afs-72707 author: Vestberg, Mauritz; Palmujoki, Hanna; Parikka, Päivi; Uosukainen, Marjatta title: Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas on crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum) in micropropagated strawberry plants date: 1994 words: 2338 flesch: 54 summary: We report here the first in vitro mycorrhiza- lion of micropropagated H. almeriense plantlets with Terfezia claveryi. In vitro system for inoculating micropropagated H. almeriense plantlets with T. cla veryi, on a modified MMN medium. keywords: almeriense; claveryi; medium; mmn; plantlets; rooting; vitro cache: afs-72707.pdf plain text: afs-72707.txt item: #2028 of 2310 id: afs-72708 author: Lovato, Paulo E.; Hammat, Neil; Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne; Gianinazzi, Silvio title: Mycorrhization of micropropagated mature wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) and common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) date: 1994 words: 2772 flesch: 52 summary: In a third experiment, interactions between in- oculation, substratum and fertiliser level were evaluated on wild cherry plants inoculated with G. intraradices. At 9 weeks, however, the differences diminished, and plant growth was similar in all treatments at 13 weeks (Fig 2 a, b). keywords: ash; cherry; gianinazzi; glomus; growth; mycorrhizal; plants; substratum cache: afs-72708.pdf plain text: afs-72708.txt item: #2029 of 2310 id: afs-72709 author: Laurila, Ilkka P. title: Demand for food products in Finland: A demand system approach date: 1994 words: 60037 flesch: 63 summary: Category Price change related to group Price change related to general price index price index (price of Private Consumption) Price option Price option 1960-91 1980-91 Structural 1960-91 1980-91 Structural trend trend change trend trend change Food-at-Home -4 Since food prices are strongly affected by ag- ricultural and tradepolicies and taxation, the anal- ysis of price effects can be seen as a policy anal- ysis, where the estimated demand system was used as an instrument to gather information on the effects of policy changes. keywords: agricultural; aids; alcoholic; analysis; away; budget; butter; carcase; change; consumer; consumption; consumption expenditure; dairy; data; demand; demand analysis; demand elasticities; demand functions; demand system; drinks; example; expenditure; expenditure elasticity; expenditure function; finland; fish; food; food consumption; food demand; food products; good; group; group expenditure; group price; home; increase; level; meat; meat demand; meat products; milk; model; number; parameters; period; price; price change; price elasticities; price option; products; science; separability; share; study; table; test; time; total; utility; values; variables; year cache: afs-72709.pdf plain text: afs-72709.txt item: #2030 of 2310 id: afs-72710 author: Nousiainen, Juha; Korhonen, Hannu; Syväoja, Eeva-Liisa; Savolainen, Sami; Saloniemi, Hannu; Jalonen, Harry title: The effect of colostral immunoglobulin supplement on the passive immunity, growth and health of neonatal calves date: 1994 words: 4382 flesch: 68 summary: Hancock (1985) reported an increased risk of mortality in calves with serum Ig levels below 2.5 g/1, but the occurence of diarrhoea may already increase at levels below 10 g/1. This study was designed to evaluate the ef- fect of a commercial Ig preparation (Ig-C) given to supplement low-quality colostrum on the ab- sorption of immunoglobulins, serum Ig level, growth and the occurrence of diarrhoea in neona- tal calves. keywords: absorption; calves; colostrum; days; igm; intake; science; serum cache: afs-72710.pdf plain text: afs-72710.txt item: #2031 of 2310 id: afs-72711 author: Erviö, Raimio; Hyvärinen, Seppo; Erviö, Leila-Riitta; Salonen, Jukka title: Soil properties affecting weed distribution in spring cereal and vegetable fields date: 1994 words: 3621 flesch: 65 summary: Key words: Finnish fields, soil type, soil pH, soil organic matter content, soil extractable calcium Introduction A study was carried out in 1982 - 1984 to deter- mine the occurrence of weeds in Finnish spring cereals (Erviö and Salonen 1987) and vegetable fields. mineral soils soils mineral soils soils soils soils Chenopodium album L. 1 18 26 8 56 74 14 2.32 6.2* 2.1b 8.4* 4.8* 1.6b Elymus repens (L.) Gould 18 2 8 23 7 6 1.6* 0.5 b 1.2» 2.5» 0.8b 0.7 b Erysium cheiranthoides L. 16 4 9 9 3 2 I.l* 0.7 b 0.9*b 1.7* 1.0*b 0.9b Fallopio convolvulus (L.) Love 3 7 2 4 13 0.9 b 1.7* 0.8 b 0.6 b 0.5 b 1.5» Galeopsis spp, L. 8 17 25 5 4 12 2.0b 3.6“ 3.4* l.0b 0.9b 2.0* Galium spp. keywords: arvensis; fields; finland; soil; species; spp; weed cache: afs-72711.pdf plain text: afs-72711.txt item: #2032 of 2310 id: afs-72712 author: Savikurki, Riitta title: The effect of increasing nitrogen dose, growth regulator and variety on seed and stalk yields, and some quality aspects of fibre flax date: 1994 words: 4199 flesch: 68 summary: Treat- ment with growth regulator reduced seed yield significantly, by 120 kg DM/ha. Growth regulator treatment increased stalk yield when the nitrogen supply was further increased from 30 kg/ha to 60 kg/ha. keywords: flax; growth; nitrogen; regulator; seed; stalk; variety; yield cache: afs-72712.pdf plain text: afs-72712.txt item: #2033 of 2310 id: afs-72713 author: Raatikainen, Mikko; Raatikainen, Terttu; Vasarainen, Arja title: Effect of feeding by Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber)(Homoptera, Delphacidae) on barley date: 1994 words: 2093 flesch: 66 summary: The combined ef- feet of the number of nymphs and the length of their feeding period on the length of barley plants was significant 22 days after sowing. The number of M. propinqua nymphs and the length of their feeding period on barley did not have any major effects on the barley plants. keywords: feeding; grain; length; plant; weight cache: afs-72713.pdf plain text: afs-72713.txt item: #2034 of 2310 id: afs-72714 author: Valaja, Jarmo title: Comparison of different protein evaluation systems for growing pigs: Digestible crude protein, and total, faecal digestible and ileal digestible amino acid intakes as performance response predictors date: 1994 words: 5376 flesch: 58 summary: Digestible crude protein 0.190 0.431’ Total amino acids -0.085 0.188 -0.093 0.150 lysine 0.808‘ -0.302 -0.68V -0.564 0.612 0.606 methionine 0.683’” -0.065 -0.418’ -0.272 0.321 0.384 threonine 0.571” 0.038 -0.214 0.120 -0.079 -0.143 Faecal digestible amino acids' lysine 0.812* -0.263 -0.626 -0.490* 0.574 0.606 methionine 0.687* -0.095 -0.414* -0.274 0.324 0.373° threonine 0.671* -0.035 -0.316 0.016 0.072 0.018 Ileal digestible amino acids 2 lysine 0.867' -0.505' -0.731' -0.700' 0.646 0.627 methionine 0.731' -0.265 -0.500' -0.445' 0.385° 0.407° threonine 0.706' -0.151 -0.341 -0.088 The feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05), and the thick- ness of back (BF) (p < 0.001) and side fat (SF) (p < 0.001) correlated highly with ileal digestible lysine intake. keywords: acid; amino; digestibility; ileal; intakes; lysine; meal; performance; pigs; protein; total cache: afs-72714.pdf plain text: afs-72714.txt item: #2035 of 2310 id: afs-72715 author: Helander, Eija title: Effects of microbial phytase supplementation of a barley-soybean meal diet on the performance and bone mineralization of growing-finishing pigs date: 1994 words: 6501 flesch: 67 summary: A sex*diet interaction was found in fibula weights and ash content (p < 0.05) and a tendency also in P content (p < 0.1): the bone characteristics of castrates seemed to react to lower P contents of the diets and to phytase addition more strongly than gilts, perhaps due to their better daily weight gain. In Finland and in many other areas the main cereal in pig diets is barley, the phytate and phytase contents of which differ from maize (Cromwell 1992). keywords: animal; bone; diet; feed; inorganic; phosphorus; phytase; pigs; science; supplementation; weight cache: afs-72715.pdf plain text: afs-72715.txt item: #2036 of 2310 id: afs-72716 author: Partanen, Kirsi; Näsi, Matti title: Nutritive value of meat and bone meal for growing pigs date: 1994 words: 4251 flesch: 63 summary: The digestibility of protein, the amino acid content and their availability, in particular, can vary considerably between different meat and bone meals (Batterham et al. 1986,Knabe et al. 1989). Finnish feed tables (Salo et al. 1990)give a some- what lower fat content (90 g CF/kg DM) for meat and bone meal than that measured in the present experiment. keywords: bone; digestibility; mbm; meal; meat; pigs cache: afs-72716.pdf plain text: afs-72716.txt item: #2037 of 2310 id: afs-72717 author: Koskinen, Tuomo; Piironen, Jari; Hakonen, Tiina title: Effects of supplemental microbial phytase on performance of broiler chickens date: 1994 words: 5648 flesch: 66 summary: In Trial 1, or- thogonal polynomials were used to investigate the trends over levels of phytase when the level of mineral P was 0.05%. In groups where the mineral P concentration was 0.05% the linear and quadratic trends over phytase levels were tested; when phytase was 0 PU/g the linear and quadratic trends over the levels of mineral P were tested. keywords: diets; feed; mineral; phosphorus; phytase; science; table; tibia; trial; utilization cache: afs-72717.pdf plain text: afs-72717.txt item: #2038 of 2310 id: afs-72718 author: Korhonen, Hannu; Niemelä, Paavo title: Preferences of farmed blue foxes for platforms, nestbox and cage floor date: 1994 words: 3016 flesch: 64 summary: The results showed that platform use was low since the test foxes preferred the cage floor. Key words: platform use, farmed fox, environmental enrichment, welfare Introduction The Standing Committee of the European Con- vention on the Protection of Animals Kept for Farming Purposes has issued a recommendation that each weaned fox shall have a whole-year shelter, either a resting platform or nestbox, but preferably both available (European Convention 1991). keywords: cage; foxes; platform; preference; test; use cache: afs-72718.pdf plain text: afs-72718.txt item: #2039 of 2310 id: afs-72719 author: Tupasela, Tuomo; Koskinen, Heikki; Antila, Pirkko title: Whey pretreatments before ultrafiltration date: 1994 words: 3487 flesch: 65 summary: I. MF trials with differently treated edam wheys. Industrial fractionation of main whey proteins. keywords: heat; microfiltration; permeate; protein; trials; ultrafiltration; whey cache: afs-72719.pdf plain text: afs-72719.txt item: #2040 of 2310 id: afs-72720 author: Mikkonen, Anneli; Tummavuori, Jouni title: Desorption of phosphate from three Finnish mineral soil samples during adsorption of vanadate, molybdate and tungstate date: 1994 words: 2862 flesch: 64 summary: When different anions are present in soil solution or in the solution in contact with adsorbent, competi- tive adsorption may occur (Murali and Aylmore 1983, Roy et al. 1986a,b, Goldberg and Traina 1987, Roy et al. 1989, Barrow 1989, Mikkonen and Tummavuori 1993a). P-release from untreated soils and differences in means of desorbed P from soil samples with a Mo, V, or W application compared to means of amounts desorbed from blank samples. keywords: adsorption; samples; science; soil cache: afs-72720.pdf plain text: afs-72720.txt item: #2041 of 2310 id: afs-72721 author: Yli-Halla, Markku title: Copper in cultivated soils of Finland date: 1994 words: 5697 flesch: 67 summary: 1 Soil class and Bulk density 2 Cu Cu Cu Cu Cuc„_.J tot py ox res EDTAnumber of samples kg dnr’ 489 Agricultural Science in Finland 3 (1994) Table 3, Copper extracted with pyrophosphate (Cu py ) and oxalate (Cu ox) as well as residual Cu (Cu res ) as percent- ages of total Cu. 1 CuSoil class Cu Cu resPV % of total Cu Clay mean keywords: clay; edta; finland; fractions; mineral; soils cache: afs-72721.pdf plain text: afs-72721.txt item: #2042 of 2310 id: afs-72722 author: Ryhänen, Matti title: Input substitution and technological development on Finnish dairy farms for 1965-1991: Empirical application on bookkeeping dairy farms date: 1994 words: 56899 flesch: 62 summary: Note, that as elasticities of cost function with respect to input prices we can write dlnQw.yVdlnw, = 3C(w,y)wj/dw JC(w,y) - W|Xj(w,y)/C(w,y) = S,(w,y). Cost function studies Binswanger (1974) estimated the elasticities of input demand and elasticities of substitution in agriculture in the United States, utilizing the trans- log cost function. keywords: adjustment cost; agriculture; approach; average; capital; case; change; cost flexibility; cost function; cost share; cost theory; costs; dairy farms; data; demand; demand elasticities; development; economics; elasticities; elasticity; equation; farm data; farm size; feed; fertilizers; finland; function study; functions; group; input prices; input substitution; inputs; items; labour; level; means; milk production; model; number; output; panel data; parameters; period; price; price elasticities; production economics; production function; production inputs; production possibility; production technology; profit function; representative; research; research period; results; run; scale; science; series; set; shares; size; studies; study; substitution; technical; time; translog cost; use; values cache: afs-72722.pdf plain text: afs-72722.txt item: #2043 of 2310 id: afs-72723 author: Hömmö, Leena Maarit title: Resistance of winter cereals to various winter stress factors - inter- and intraspecific variation and the role of cold acclimation date: 1994 words: 58449 flesch: 65 summary: Huner et al. (1989) and Hurry et al. (1993b) also reported that winter wheat cultivars developed a greater resistance to photoinhibition 9 Agric. According to Fedulov et al. (1990), winter wheat cultivars differed from each other in their timing of gene action promoting freezing resistance in the course of the winter. keywords: ability; acclimation; acid; apollo; barley cultivars; canadian; changes; cold; conditions; conductivity; content; correlation; cultivars; damage; differences; et al; field; field trials; finland; fowler; freezing; frost; frost resistance; growth; hardening; hardiness; injury; jokioinen; journal; leaf; leaves; linna; membrane; method; mould resistance; nivale; period; plants; plasma; resistance; results; rye cultivars; rye varieties; snow mould; species; study; table; temperature; test; tolerance; trials; triticale; varieties; wheat cultivars; wheat varieties; winter barley; winter cereals; winter conditions; winter hardiness; winter period; winter rye; winter stress; winter survival; winter wheat; winterhardiness cache: afs-72723.pdf plain text: afs-72723.txt item: #2044 of 2310 id: afs-72724 author: Inborr, Johan title: Supplementation of pig starter diets with carbohydrate-degrading enzymes - stability, activity and mode of action date: 1994 words: 39500 flesch: 55 summary: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1 Stability and activity of supplementary enzymes Based on the p-glucanase assay of the pelleted feed samples, enzyme activity decreased with increasing conditioning times and temperatures (Figure 1, I). If intestinal amylases are added to this a 20% reduction in enzyme activity may repre- sent approximately 2 g protein or 5 per cent of the daily protein retention of pigs during the post- weaning period. keywords: activities; activity; animal; assay; barley; bedford; broiler; chickens; concentration; conditioning; conditions; content; control; diets; digesta; digesta viscosity; digestibility; digestion; effect; enzyme; enzyme activity; enzyme supplementation; et al; experiment; fed; feed; feed enzyme; feeding; fibre; gain; glucanase; graham; high; hours; inborr; intestine; low; matter; method; nutrient; nutrition; pelleting; performance; pigs; protein; results; samples; science; stability; standard; starch; stomach; substrate; table; technology; temperature; time; total; tract; treatment; values; viscosity; weight; wheat; xylanase cache: afs-72724.pdf plain text: afs-72724.txt item: #2045 of 2310 id: afs-72726 author: Korhonen, Hannu; Niemelä, Paavo title: Seasonal changes in platform use by adult farmbred silver foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) date: 1996 words: 5380 flesch: 62 summary: The present study sought to; (1) determine to what extent the use and function of platforms vary seasonally in farmed silver foxes, (2) elu- cidate sex differences in platform use, (3) cla- rify what purposes platforms are used for and, (4) quantify the extent of circadian variation in seasonal platform use. Seasonal changes in platform use by adult farmbred silver foxes (Vulpes ) Hannu Korhonen and Paavo Niemelä Agricultural Research Centre ofFinland, Fur Farming Research Station, FIN-69100 Kannus, Finland Seasonal changes in platform use (Wooden U-type platform, area 3090 cm 2) were studied during one year in adult farmbred silver foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) by daytime scan sampling observations and 24-h videorecordings. keywords: females; foxes; korhonen; niemelä; platform; platform use; science; silver; use; vulpes cache: afs-72726.pdf plain text: afs-72726.txt item: #2046 of 2310 id: afs-72727 author: Mäntysaari, Päivi title: Predicting body weight from body measurements of pre-pubertal Ayrshire heifers date: 1996 words: 3339 flesch: 65 summary: Predicting body weight from body measurements of pre-pubertal Ayrshire heifers Päivi Mäntysaari Agricultural Research Centre ofFinland, Institute ofAnimalProduction, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland The relationship between heart girth, wither height, body length and body weight in 3- to 9.5-month- old pre-pubertal Finnish Ayrshire heifers gaining 600-650 g/d was analysed (experiment I). i and protein source j, T, the Ith1 th measuring time, and e jjk| the residual associated with observation of the kth heifer on the i ,h feed- ing level and jth protein source at time 1. Results and discussion Regression of body weight on different body measurements The increase with age in the BW, heart girth, wither height and body length of the heifers in experiment I is presented in Figure 1. Correla- tions between BW and body measurements were high (r > 0.93). keywords: body; feeding; girth; heart; heifers; weight; wither cache: afs-72727.pdf plain text: afs-72727.txt item: #2047 of 2310 id: afs-72728 author: Hakala, Kaija; Mela, Timo; Laurila, Heikki; Kaukoranta, Timo title: Arrangement of experiments for simulating the effects of elevated temperatures and elevated CO2 levels on field-sown crops in Finland date: 1996 words: 7594 flesch: 61 summary: The temperature of the other part of the field (open field) was not elevated, but the field was covered with the same plastic film as the greenhouse to achieve radiation and rainfall conditions comparable to those in the greenhouse. Effective temperature sum (ETS) vs. days after sowing (DAS) of spring cereals at elevated temperatures (green- house) and at ambient temperatures (open field) in 1992. keywords: agricultural; air; ambient; c02; chambers; field; finland; food; greenhouse; levels; otc; science; temperatures cache: afs-72728.pdf plain text: afs-72728.txt item: #2048 of 2310 id: afs-72729 author: Papinaho, Petri A.; Fletcher, Daniel L.; Rita, Hannu J. title: Relationship of breast fillet deboning time to shear force, pH, cooking loss and color in broilers stunned by high electrical current date: 1996 words: 3342 flesch: 66 summary: Allo-Kramer shear force for broiler breast muscles. On the basis of this study, similarrecommenda- tions to those ofGoodwin (1984), Shelton (1985) and Stadelman et al. (1988) can be given for broiler breast muscle deboning times, when high voltage stunning and air chilling are used. keywords: breast; broiler; force; meat; mortem; post; shear; tenderness; time cache: afs-72729.pdf plain text: afs-72729.txt item: #2049 of 2310 id: afs-72730 author: Valkonen, Jari P. T.; Palohuhta, Jukka P. title: Resistance to potato virus A and potato virus Y in potato cultivars grown in Finland date: 1996 words: 3330 flesch: 58 summary: The strains of PVA infecting potatoes in Finland have not been systematically grouped according to the strain group concept for PVA (Valkonen et al. 1995). Resistance to potato virus A and potato virus Y in potato cultivars grown in Finland Jari RT. keywords: cultivars; finland; graft; potato; pva; pvy; resistance; virus cache: afs-72730.pdf plain text: afs-72730.txt item: #2050 of 2310 id: afs-72731 author: Valaja, Jarmo; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Rantanen, Asko title: Lysine supplementation of barley wet distillers’ solids diets for growing-finishing pigs date: 1996 words: 5613 flesch: 62 summary: The side fat thickness of the pigs on SBM diet was larger than that of the pigs on WDS diet containing lysine 9.2 g/FU (p < 0.05) and the area of the longissimus dorsi muscle was smaller than that of the pigs on WDS diets con- taining lysine 9.2 or 10.7 g/FU (p < 0.05). SBM WDS WDS WDS Linear Quadr. keywords: diets; distillers; lysine; pigs; protein; sbm; science; valaja; wds cache: afs-72731.pdf plain text: afs-72731.txt item: #2051 of 2310 id: afs-72732 author: Kiiskinen, Tuomo title: Feeding whole grain with pelleted diets to growing broiler chickens date: 1996 words: 4919 flesch: 70 summary: 1.95b 1.90b 2.05b 0.046 *** Abdominal fat g (females) 31.3 28.8 28.4 28.0 1.11 NS % 2.01 1.95 1.87 1,84 0.064 NS Litter dry matter % 36.3 34.5 34.8 35.2 0.33 NS ” BAW = balancer + whole wheat, BAWBI = balancer + whole grain (wheat: barley 70:30), BAWB2 = balancer + whole grain (W:B 50:50)) 2) see Table 4 31 FCR =feed conversion ratio h see Table 4 Table 7. This implies that whole wheat feeding has a beneficial effect on the digestion, appar- ently due to the enlargement of the gizzard. keywords: balancer; diet; feed; feeding; grain; group; trial; wheat cache: afs-72732.pdf plain text: afs-72732.txt item: #2052 of 2310 id: afs-72733 author: Korhonen, Hannu; Niemelä, Paavo title: Comparison between the use of open and walled platforms by juvenile blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) date: 1996 words: 3413 flesch: 65 summary: Platform use of blue foxes by daytime scanning observations (% of observations of foxes on plat- forms) and 24-h video recordings (min/24 h). Effect of environmental and social enrichment on some welfare variables in farm blue foxes (Alopex lagopus). keywords: females; foxes; niemelä; open; platforms; science; use cache: afs-72733.pdf plain text: afs-72733.txt item: #2053 of 2310 id: afs-72734 author: Kettunen, Anne; Mäntysaari, Esa A. title: Estimation of genetic parameters for test-day milk production at different stages of lactation of Finnish Ayrshire heifers date: 1996 words: 4511 flesch: 55 summary: The effect of test day models on the estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values for dairy yield traits. Test day models in the analysis of dairy pro- duction data - a review. keywords: calving; curve; day; days; effect; herd; lactation; milk; model; production; test; yield cache: afs-72734.pdf plain text: afs-72734.txt item: #2054 of 2310 id: afs-72735 author: Yli-Halla, Markku; Hartikainen, Helinä title: Release of soil phosphorus during runoff as affected by ionic strength and temperature date: 1996 words: 5072 flesch: 60 summary: However, for Jokioinen soil, the graphs intersected the x-axis close to the ori- gin and the desorption remained very small at the solution-to-soil ratio of 50 1 kg' 1 at which the Q/I plots were determined. As for ionic strength, the soil extracts obtained with 0.0005 M CaCl 2 were similar to the surface 199 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Yli-Halla, M. & Hartikainen, H.: Phosphorus desorption to runoff water runoff waters of the Jokioinen and Aurajoki fields (Yli-Halla et al. 1995), and those obtained with 0.005 M CaCl2 corresponded to soil solu- tion (Wiklander and Andersson 1974).As for the solution-to-soil ratio, it was observed in an ear- lier study that the average DRP concentration in the surface runoff in these particular fields was the same as that of soil extracts obtained at the solution-to-soil ratio between 250 and 500 1 kg 1 (Yli-Halla et al. 1995) keywords: concentration; desorption; ratio; soil; solution; water cache: afs-72735.pdf plain text: afs-72735.txt item: #2055 of 2310 id: afs-72736 author: Miettinen, Pasi; Echegoyen, Plutarco E. title: The effect of two pesticides (Vitavax-300 and Gaucho) on rhizobia and on the nodulation of four legumes date: 1996 words: 1881 flesch: 51 summary: Legume Total dry weight (g) Dry weight of root nodules (g) Pesticide- In the present study, high concentrations of Gaucho insecticide (imidacloprid) and Vitavax-300 fungicide (carbox- in and captan) clearly inhibited the growth of root nodule bacterium under laboratory conditions. keywords: gaucho; growth; legumes; pesticides; rhizobia; root; seeds; vitavax-300 cache: afs-72736.pdf plain text: afs-72736.txt item: #2056 of 2310 id: afs-72737 author: Tanhuanpää, Pirjo K.; Vilkki, Juha P.; Vilkki, H. Johanna title: A linkage map of spring turnip rape based on RFLP and HARD markers date: 1996 words: 4507 flesch: 68 summary: Goodness-of-fit to the expected F 2 segrega- tion at marker loci was tested by chi-square ana- lysis. A disadvantage is that the dominant nature of RAPD markers can cause problems if an F 2 intercross popula- tion is used. keywords: 1994; b.rapa; brassica; data; dna; linkage; loci; map; markers; rapd; rflp; viikki cache: afs-72737.pdf plain text: afs-72737.txt item: #2057 of 2310 id: afs-72738 author: Laurila, Ilkka P. title: Horticultural economics research needs more resources date: 1996 words: 921 flesch: 45 summary: In the of- ficial statistics, horticultural enterprises are grouped in no more than one or two categories despite the fact that the enterprises differ con- siderably from each other. This makes the inter- pretation of the statistics difficult, and it also makes the data about horticultural enterprises less useful. keywords: economics; prices; research; support cache: afs-72738.pdf plain text: afs-72738.txt item: #2058 of 2310 id: afs-72739 author: Mela, Timo J. N. title: Northern agriculture: constraints and responses to global climate change date: 1996 words: 3030 flesch: 58 summary: In North America, fields extend to about 55°N, In Asia, there are few fields north of 60°N. Finland is the most northern agricultural country in the world, with all its field area, about 2.5 million hectares, located north of latitude 60°N. Changes in the climate and atmospheric C0 2 predicted for the future are likely to have a strong influence, either beneficial or disadvantageous, on the conditions for growth in northern areas where the annual mean temperature is 5°C or less. Changes in climate Predicted changes in climate as a result of the increasing content of so-called greenhouse gas- es, carbon dioxide (C02 ), methane (CH4 ), nitrous oxide (N,O), tropospheric ozone (O,) and halo- carbons could have an important influence on the conditions for growth in northern areas. keywords: agriculture; climate; crops; finland; increase; northern; season; temperature; zone cache: afs-72739.pdf plain text: afs-72739.txt item: #2059 of 2310 id: afs-72740 author: Brklacich, Michael; Curran, Patrick; Brunt, Douglas title: The application of agricultural land rating and crop models to CO2 and climate change issues in Northern regions: the Mackenzie Basin case study date: 1996 words: 6411 flesch: 51 summary: Climate change impacts on agro-climate potential The current average frost-free period for the Basin of 132 days (Figure 4) represents a sub- stantial constraint to the commercial production of crops. Climate change impacts on agricultural land suitability Figure 5 illustrates the estimated impacts of the CCC and GFDLclimate change scenarios on the agricultural land suitability throughout the Mac- kenzie Basin. keywords: agriculture; basin; canada; change; climate; climate change; crop; data; impacts; land; mackenzie; potential; soil; wheat cache: afs-72740.pdf plain text: afs-72740.txt item: #2060 of 2310 id: afs-72741 author: Akiyama, Tsuyoshi; Inoue, Y.; Shibayama, M.; Awaya, Y.; Tanaka, N. title: Monitoring and predicting crop growth and analysing agricultural ecosystems by remote sensing date: 1996 words: 4444 flesch: 54 summary: Creation of cropping map using Landsat TM data. Estimation of organic matter contents of upland soils with Landsat TM data. keywords: akiyama; arctic; crop; data; finland; japan; landsat; rice; satellite; science; sensing; vegetation; yield cache: afs-72741.pdf plain text: afs-72741.txt item: #2061 of 2310 id: afs-72742 author: Kettunen, Lauri title: Potential economic effects of climate change on Finnish agriculture date: 1996 words: 5436 flesch: 64 summary: From the economic point of view an increase in yield level is highly significant, because the increase in costs remains quite small, A 10% increase in the yield level raises the farm income by about 6%. These results can be easily applied for any specific scenario which may be available after further studies on yield levels. keywords: change; climate; costs; economic; effects; finland; increase; level; prices; production; yield cache: afs-72742.pdf plain text: afs-72742.txt item: #2062 of 2310 id: afs-72743 author: Carter, Timothy R. title: Developing scenarios of atmosphere, weather and climate for northern regions date: 1996 words: 7795 flesch: 52 summary: Applying scenarios in impact assessment Several alternative methods exist for applying climate change scenarios in impact studies. Key words', climate change, temperature, precipitation, carbon dioxide, sea-level, uncertainty, base- line, Finland ntroduction One of the major constraints on agriculture in northern high latitude regions is climate. keywords: agricultural; change; climate; climate change; estimates; finland; forcing; future; gcms; mean; model; precipitation; scenarios; silmu; temperature cache: afs-72743.pdf plain text: afs-72743.txt item: #2063 of 2310 id: afs-72744 author: Junttila, Olavi title: Plant adaptation to temperature and photoperiod date: 1996 words: 6343 flesch: 51 summary: However, many of the basic characteristics that are important for plant growth and development and for plant yield, such as numbers of meristems, numbers of various organs, rates of division and expan- sion, show high plasticity (see also Trewavas 1986). Plant growth arises from the production of dry matter through energy metabolism and mor- phological development. keywords: 1994; adaptation; conditions; flowering; growth; photoperiod; plant; processes; responses; species; temperature cache: afs-72744.pdf plain text: afs-72744.txt item: #2064 of 2310 id: afs-72745 author: Bowes, George; Vu, Joseph C. V.; Hussain, Mian W.; Pennanen, Arja H.; Allen, L. Hartwell title: An overview of how rubisco and carbohydrate metabolism may be regulated at elevated atmospheric [CO2] and temperature date: 1996 words: 5829 flesch: 54 summary: The initial, linear phase of the A/C curve is a measure of carboxylation 263 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Bowes, G. et ai: Metabolic regulation under high C02 and temperature efficiency, because photosynthesis is limited by the amount of active rubisco. This concept is consistent with our findings 265 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Bowes, G. et ai: Metabolic regulation under high C02 and temperature Table 2. keywords: acclimation; atmospheric; bowes; c02; effects; growth; photosynthesis; plant; rice; rubisco; soybean; species; temperature cache: afs-72745.pdf plain text: afs-72745.txt item: #2065 of 2310 id: afs-72746 author: Jones, Michael B.; Jongen, Marjan title: Sensitivity of temperate grassland species to elevated atmospheric CO2 and the interaction with temperature and water stress date: 1996 words: 7001 flesch: 55 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE IN FINLAND Jones, M.B. & Jongen, M.: Effects ofelevated CO2 on temperate grasses lowground biomass to elevated C02 (Jongen et al. 1995), with a much larger proportion of the extra dry matter produced at elevated C02 being allocated to the roots (Figure 2). There are, unfortunately, few other examples of long-term exposure of temperate plant com- munities to elevated C02, but the picture emerg- ing from these studies is of rather complex re- sponses which depend on interactions with oth- er climatic conditions. keywords: c02; carbon; change; climate; effects; grassland; growth; jones; plant; response; species; temperature; water cache: afs-72746.pdf plain text: afs-72746.txt item: #2066 of 2310 id: afs-72747 author: Hakala, Kaija; Mela, Timo title: The effects of prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures and elevated CO2 levels on the growth, yield and dry matter partitioning of field-sown meadow fescue date: 1996 words: 7731 flesch: 62 summary: Dur- ing the second growing season, however, the growth rate in ambient C02 increased markedly relative to that in elevated C02 after the second cut, resulting in an equal total yield in both C02 treatments. Soluble carbohydrate content of shoots and roots The soluble carbohydrate content of meadow fescue above-ground biomass was 5-48% high- er in elevated than in ambient C02 most of the measuring times during summer, but there was no effect of elevated C02 on the carbohydrate content in the autumn (Table 3). keywords: ambient; biomass; c02; experiment; grass; greenhouse; growth; nitrogen; season; soil; temperatures; yield cache: afs-72747.pdf plain text: afs-72747.txt item: #2067 of 2310 id: afs-72748 author: Kleemola, Jouko; Karvonen, Tuomo title: Modelling growth and nitrogen balance of barley under ambient and future conditions date: 1996 words: 5796 flesch: 60 summary: Model simulations of soil temperature and of snow accumulation and melting were also studied. The cali- bration and validation results showed that the model performed well in simulating snow dynamics, soil temperature, the growth of barley, and the response of crop growth to N fertilization under present conditions. keywords: conditions; crop; data; fertilization; finland; growth; increase; model; nitrogen; present; snow; soil; temperature; water cache: afs-72748.pdf plain text: afs-72748.txt item: #2068 of 2310 id: afs-72749 author: Kaukoranta, Timo title: Impact of global warming on potato late blight: risk, yield loss and control date: 1996 words: 7533 flesch: 62 summary: The impact of climate warming on yield losses caused by potato late blight and on the need for disease control was studied by constructing models for timing late blight epidemics and a model of potato growth constrained by late blight. In this study, robust models have been de- veloped to estimate the impact of global warm- ing on yield losses caused by potato late blight and to time the planting and emergence of pota- to and the outbreak of the epidemic. keywords: agricultural; blight; days; emergence; finland; growth; matter; model; outbreak; potato; science; temperature; warming; yield cache: afs-72749.pdf plain text: afs-72749.txt item: #2069 of 2310 id: afs-72750 author: Carter, Timothy R.; Saarikko, Riitta A.; Niemi, Kai J. title: Assessing the risks and uncertainties of regional crop potential under a changing climate in Finland date: 1996 words: 9797 flesch: 55 summary: We demonstrate, for the first time, the application of crop models over a reg- ulargrid to evaluate changes not only in the mean but also the variability of regional crop poten- tial. Climate change impact on crop yield potentials and water use. keywords: agricultural; baseline; carter; change; climate; crop; data; figure; finland; food; growth; model; potential; scenario; science; silmu; soil; temperature; yields cache: afs-72750.pdf plain text: afs-72750.txt item: #2070 of 2310 id: afs-72751 author: Lidauer, Martin; Mäntysaari, Esa title: Detection of bias in animal model pedigree indices of heifers date: 1996 words: 5636 flesch: 63 summary: All the earlier Finnish studies have centred on young sire Pis and correspond- ing EBVs. In the group of daughters ofyoung sires, none of the coefficients in the models (4), (5) and (6) were statistically significant for the protein yield. keywords: bias; bull; daughters; ebv; milk; model; pis; regression; sires; yield cache: afs-72751.pdf plain text: afs-72751.txt item: #2071 of 2310 id: afs-72752 author: Huhtanen, Pekka; Heikkilä, Terttu title: Effects of physical treatment of barley and rapeseed meal in dairy cows given grass silage-based diets date: 1996 words: 8370 flesch: 60 summary: Control Untreated RSM Treated RSM Significance of effect 1 UB TB UB TB UB TB SEM B R RT BxRBxRT Milk energy (ME/d) 89.2 83.6 93.0 91.8 93.8 92.0 0.98 *** *** NS * NS Maintenance (MJ/d) 54.4 54.3 54.7 55.0 55.0 55.1 0.16 NS *** NS NS NS Utilization of ME2 0.533 0.539 0.555 0.552 0.537 0.562 0.007 o * NS NS o Utilization of ME’ 0.616 0.638 0.617 0,619 0.591 0.634 0,006 ** NS NS NS * AAT requirement 1625 1545 1680 1665 1693 1668 13.9 ** *** NS ** NS Utilization ofAAT4 0.610 0.636 0.627 0.628 0.585 0.615 0.006 *** o *** NS * Utilization ofAAT5 0.616 0.664 0.617 0.633 0.600 0,647 0,006 *** ** NS NS * 1 Significance of orthogonal contrasts: B = effect of barley treatment, R = effect of RSM supplementation, RT = effect of RSM treatment, B x R = interaction between barley treatment and RSM supplementation and B x RT = interaction between barley treatment and RSM treatment, o P < 0.10, * P<0.05, ** P0.10), o (P<0.10), * (P<0.05), ** (P<0.01), *** (PcO.OOl) Silage fermentation acids have limit- ed value as an energy source for rumen microbes (Chamberlain 1987),and increased fermentation in the silo has resulted in a reduced efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (Jaakkola et al. 1991, 1993, Robertson et al. 1993). keywords: acid; content; cows; et al; fermentation; intake; milk; protein; science; silage; supplementation cache: afs-72865.pdf plain text: afs-72865.txt item: #2140 of 2310 id: afs-72866 author: Shingfield, Kevin J.; Offer, Nicholas W. title: Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion in lactating dairy cows date: 1998 words: 5822 flesch: 53 summary: Daily mean Ps/c ratios could account for only half of the variation in daily urinary pseudouridine excretion largely due to between-cow variations in creatinine excre- tion. Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary pseudouridine excretion in lactating dairy cows Kevin J. Shingfield Grassland and Ruminant Science Department, SAC Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 SHW, United Kingdom , Current address: Agricultural Research Centre ofFinland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, e-mail: kevin.shingfield@mtt.fi Nicholas. keywords: collection; cows; creatinine; daily; excretion; mean; protein; pseudouridine; ratios; sampling; science; spot; urine cache: afs-72866.pdf plain text: afs-72866.txt item: #2141 of 2310 id: afs-72867 author: Root, Tarja; Huhtanen, Pekka title: Barley fibre and wet distillers’ solubles in the diet of growing cattle date: 1998 words: 6080 flesch: 62 summary: Current address: Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland Twenty-eight bulls were used in a 3 x 2 factorial design to study the effects of two by-products from the integrated starch-ethanol process, barley fibre and distillers’ solubles, as supplements for grass silage. The three energy supplements were barley (B), a mixture (1:1 on a dry matter (DM) basis) of barley and barley fibre (BF), and barley fibre (F), fed without (DS-) or with (DS+) wet distillers’ solubles (200 g kg' 1 concentrate on DM basis). keywords: barley; barley fibre; cattle; distillers; energy; fibre; huhtanen; intake; protein; silage; solubles cache: afs-72867.pdf plain text: afs-72867.txt item: #2142 of 2310 id: afs-72868 author: Manninen, Merja; Aaronen, Ilmo; Puntila, Marja-Leena; Heikkilä, Reijo; Jaakkola, Seija title: Effect of type of forage offered and breed on performance of crossbred suckler heifers and their calves date: 1998 words: 7406 flesch: 69 summary: The lower con- ception rate of LiAy heifers may reflect their slightly younger age and later maturity. Key words', beef heifers, calf performance, calving difficulty, feed requirement, milk production © Agricultural and Food Science in Finland Manuscript received June 1997 367 Vol. keywords: breed; calf; calves; calving; cows; day; diet; feeding; hay; heifers; hfay; liay; milk; production; silage; weight cache: afs-72868.pdf plain text: afs-72868.txt item: #2143 of 2310 id: afs-72869 author: Valaja, Jarmo; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka title: Effect of dietary crude protein and energy content on nitrogen utilisation, water intake and urinary output in growing pigs date: 1998 words: 5232 flesch: 59 summary: The mean CP con- tent of high protein diets was 37 g/kg DM high- er than that of low protein diets. CP contents of the low protein (Diets 1 and 3) and high protein diets (Diets 2 and 4) were very close to each other (Table 1). keywords: amino; content; diets; energy; excretion; intake; pigs; protein; science; water cache: afs-72869.pdf plain text: afs-72869.txt item: #2144 of 2310 id: afs-72870 author: Palonen, Pauliina; Uosukainen, Marjatta; Laurinen, Eeva; Parikka, Päivi; Kankila, Jyri title: The Nordic Gene Bank’s Prunus clone archive in Finland: I Local races of sour cherry date: 1998 words: 4325 flesch: 69 summary: In comparison with sour cherries from other Nordic countries, native sour cherries in Finland have relatively small fruits. Discussion Evaluation of sour cherry fruits is greatly affect- ed by their degree of maturity. keywords: amarelle; archive; cherries; cherry; clone; finland; fruit; prunus; races; self; set; type cache: afs-72870.pdf plain text: afs-72870.txt item: #2145 of 2310 id: afs-72871 author: Palonen, Pauliina; Uosukainen, Marjatta; Laurinen, Eeva title: The Nordic Gene Bank’s Prunus clone archive in Finland: II Local races of plum date: 1998 words: 3829 flesch: 71 summary: Red plums Yellow plums Victoriatype plums la) lb) 1c) 2a) Beginning in early August, especially with the local races ofred plum types, leaves became greyish, developed some brown spots and then abscissed prematurely. keywords: finland; fruit; group; plum; prunus; races; red; self; victoria cache: afs-72871.pdf plain text: afs-72871.txt item: #2146 of 2310 id: afs-72872 author: Kiviharju, Elina; Puolimatka, Matti; Saastamoinen, Marketta; Hovinen, Simo; Pehu, Eija title: The effect of genotype on anther culture response of cultivated and wild oats date: 1998 words: 7171 flesch: 65 summary: Callus or embryoid induction from oat anther culture was reported also by Chung (1980) and Polsoni (1991), but no plants were regenerated. Two albino plants from the intraspecific cross, and almost all of the albinos regenerated from wild oat ma- terial, were initiated on induction medium con- taining auxin, indicating a possible albino pro- duction enhacing effect of 2,4-D. Nevertheless, three oat genotypes produced a few calli only on medium with 2,4-D, indicating the complex hormonal regulation of oat anther culture. keywords: 2,4; anther; culture; embryo; genotypes; induction; medium; oat; plant; sterilis; wild cache: afs-72872.pdf plain text: afs-72872.txt item: #2147 of 2310 id: afs-72905 author: Korva, J.; Varis, E. title: Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia II: Crop growth and yield date: 1990 words: 3208 flesch: 63 summary: 3.2.3 Cropping systems within groups Differences between organic systems with- in the same crop were minor. There were four conventional and four organic systems: conventional cropping systems for barley monocul- ture, cereal production, diverse plant production, or a cattle farm, and organic cropping sys- tems either for plant production with or without composting, or for cattle farms with or with- out composting. keywords: barley; cropping; farm; farming; fig; plant; suitia; systems; yields cache: afs-72905.pdf plain text: afs-72905.txt item: #2148 of 2310 id: afs-72906 author: Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi title: Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia III: Microbial activity in soils date: 1990 words: 4546 flesch: 57 summary: In many cases, soil microbial activity was still increased two to three years after the leys. This shows very well the importance of plants, especially plants with large, long-growing roots, on soil microbial activity. keywords: activities; activity; barley; cattle; dehydrogenase; farm; ley; phase; plant; plots; soil cache: afs-72906.pdf plain text: afs-72906.txt item: #2149 of 2310 id: afs-72907 author: Kauppila, Raimo title: Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia IV: weeds date: 1990 words: 3386 flesch: 66 summary: Weed control In conventional cropping weeds were con- trolled with herbicides, while no chemicals were used in organic cropping. In organic cropping, the number of most weeds in weed species increased from the level for 1982. keywords: barley; cropping; number; species; weeds; wheat cache: afs-72907.pdf plain text: afs-72907.txt item: #2150 of 2310 id: afs-72908 author: Hannukkala, Asko O.; Tapio, Eeva title: Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia V: Cereal diseases date: 1990 words: 4296 flesch: 61 summary: On winter wheat, powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) and leaf blotch (Septoria nodorum) were more prevalent in conventional than in organic cropping systems. In organic cropping systems, the percent- age of normally germinated seed was consider- ably lower in 1985 and 1988, which indicates high infestation of seed with B. sorokiniana (Table 1). keywords: barley; conventional; cropping; cropping systems; diseases; foot; fusarium; graminis; plants; root; rot; seed; sorokiniana; systems; wheat cache: afs-72908.pdf plain text: afs-72908.txt item: #2151 of 2310 id: afs-72909 author: Helenius, Juha title: Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia VI: Insect populations in barley date: 1990 words: 3523 flesch: 59 summary: There were no significant differences in aphid densities between the systems in con- ventional cropping, or between the systems in organic cropping. Observations on the number of cereal aphids on the soil in relation to aphid density in winter wheat. keywords: aphid; barley; bembidion; catch; cropping; densities; density; june; numbers; organic; padi; spp; systems cache: afs-72909.pdf plain text: afs-72909.txt item: #2152 of 2310 id: afs-72910 author: Nuutinen, Visa; Haukka, Jari title: Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia VII: Earthworms date: 1990 words: 5765 flesch: 68 summary: The differences between conventional and organic farming are potential effectors of earthworm abundance. Winter mortality of earthworms is known to be high in North- ern Scandinavia (Boström 1988), and a simi- lar reduction in earthworm abundance on arable land was observed elsewhere in South- ern Finland during the same period (personal observations). keywords: abundance; caliginosa; cropping; cropping systems; earthworms; field; formalin; number; replicate; sampling; soil; systems; total cache: afs-72910.pdf plain text: afs-72910.txt item: #2153 of 2310 id: afs-72911 author: Riihonen, L.; Laine, J.; Linko, P. title: Mechanically deboned meat date: 1990 words: 6789 flesch: 61 summary: The origin of bone has a noticeable ef- fect on the quality of deboned meat. Djujic et al. (11) published one of the most extensive reports on the mineral content of mechanically and hand deboned meat. keywords: bones; calcium; content; fat; field; hand; j.food; lipid; marrow; mdm; meat; oxidation; quality; sci; storage cache: afs-72911.pdf plain text: afs-72911.txt item: #2154 of 2310 id: afs-72912 author: Riihonen, L.; Laine, J.; Kärkkäinen, T. title: Storage properties and quality of meats deboned by different methods date: 1990 words: 5965 flesch: 69 summary: The colour intensity of the samples, which was measured by a diffusion method, ranged in beef samples between 20.0and 25.0 and in pork samples between 16.3 and 25.3. The changes of the pH values in pork samples were very similar to those in beef samples. keywords: beef; content; deboner; meat; pork; poss; samples; storage cache: afs-72912.pdf plain text: afs-72912.txt item: #2155 of 2310 id: afs-72913 author: Riihonen, L.; Hämäläinen, K.; Väänänen, E. title: Applications of mechanically deboned meat in sausage mass date: 1990 words: 3408 flesch: 64 summary: Test sausages containing the same amounts of meat recovered by the Inject Star and Poss deboners were surprisingly similar in colour. It was, however, observed that test sausages containing the same amount of meat and reco- vered in the Inject Star or Poss machines were surprisingly similar in colour (Figure 2). keywords: inject; mdm; meat; poss; samples; sausages; star; test cache: afs-72913.pdf plain text: afs-72913.txt item: #2156 of 2310 id: afs-72914 author: Riihonen, L.; Linko, P. title: Effect of thawing on the quality of frozen mechanically deboned meat date: 1990 words: 3031 flesch: 61 summary: Although microorganisms do not grow faster on thawed meat than on fresh meat, the product is very perishable as soon as the sur- face temperature increases above O°C. It is often stated that thawed meat is more perishable than fresh meat that has never been frozen, because of the drip exuded from thawed meat, which is a good medium for microbial growth. keywords: meat; microwave; packaging; samples; storage; thawing; vacuum cache: afs-72914.pdf plain text: afs-72914.txt item: #2157 of 2310 id: afs-72915 author: Juga, Jarmo title: Selection for milk constituents in dairy cattle date: 1990 words: 2583 flesch: 64 summary: Index words: breeding goal, milk, protein, protein-%, selection index Introduction The breeding program in Finnish dairy cat- tle has produced a moderate improvement in milk yield and milk fat content. If selection was solely on milk yield (alter- native II), that is the case in many countries, the response in milk yield would be approxi- mately 100 kg more per generation than when selection is for protein yield (I). keywords: content; fat; milk; protein; selection; yield cache: afs-72915.pdf plain text: afs-72915.txt item: #2158 of 2310 id: afs-72916 author: Näsi, Matti title: Distillers feeds and feed fractions of barley in the diets of laying hens date: 1990 words: 5508 flesch: 67 summary: In the present study only methionine was added in barley DDGS diets and only lysine in the wheat DDGS diet which had lower lysine content in oder to obtain con- tents of the layers requirements. Egg yolk colour was significantly lighter in hens fed barley protein compared to control and also in enzyme-treated group com- pared to untreated (PcO.Ol). keywords: barley; ddgs; diets; distillers; egg; eggs; feed; fibre; hens; lysine; performance; production; protein cache: afs-72916.pdf plain text: afs-72916.txt item: #2159 of 2310 id: afs-72917 author: Näsi, Matti title: Microbial phytase supplementation for improving availability of plant phosphorus in the diet of the growing pigs date: 1990 words: 4182 flesch: 66 summary: There are no previous reports of successful addition of microbial phytase to pig diets. P digestibility in maize-based diets has been improved by treatments other than microbial phytase supplementation. keywords: absorption; diets; digestibility; exp; intake; phosphorus; phytase; pigs; retention cache: afs-72917.pdf plain text: afs-72917.txt item: #2160 of 2310 id: afs-72918 author: Niskanen, Raina title: Sorption capacity of phosphate in mineral soils: I Estimation of sorption capacity by means of sorption isotherms date: 1990 words: 3800 flesch: 72 summary: With the addition of 200 mmol/kg soil, the sorption on soil 6 was 66 mmol/kg soil (3 d, 20°C); on soil 7 it was 121 mmol/kg soil (7 d, 20°C). C time, d sorption constant mmol/kg soil kx 10! keywords: equation; langmuir; maximum; mmol; phosphate; sci; soil; sorption cache: afs-72918.pdf plain text: afs-72918.txt item: #2161 of 2310 id: afs-72919 author: Niskanen, Raina title: Sorption capacity of phosphate in mineral soils: II Dependence of sorption capacity on soil properties date: 1990 words: 3758 flesch: 68 summary: In the study of Kaila (1963), oxalate-extractable Al and Fe explained nearly 80 % of the variation of the Freundlich constant k in clay soils and about 60 % in coarse soils. The partial corre- lationcoefficient for the relationship between k and Al was o.7B*** (n= 151) in clay soils and o.63*** (n= 109) in coarse soils, and for the relationship between k and Fe o.46*** in clay soils and o.3o*** in coarse soils. keywords: capacity; clay; content; extractable; indicator; soil; sorption cache: afs-72919.pdf plain text: afs-72919.txt item: #2162 of 2310 id: afs-72920 author: Niskanen, Raina title: Temperature dependence of phosphate sorption in mineral soils date: 1990 words: 1900 flesch: 75 summary: Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 62: 17—20, 1990 RESEARCH NOTE Temperature dependence of phosphate sorption in mineral soils RAINA NISKANEN University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. Because the soil material in the above studies was limited and the results were contradictory, the aim of this paper was to study in a larger soil material the effect of temperature on phosphate sorption from a low P concentration. keywords: phosphate; soil; sorption cache: afs-72920.pdf plain text: afs-72920.txt item: #2163 of 2310 id: afs-72921 author: Helenius, Juha title: Plant size, nutrient composition and biomass productivity of oats and faba bean in intercropping, and the effect of controlling Rhopalosiphum padi (Hom., Aphididae) on these properties date: 1990 words: 5770 flesch: 67 summary: Discussion In mixtures with faba bean, oats may grow taller than in the monocrops, whereas bean usually remains shorter; this is due to the dom- inance of oats in the competition (Vullioud 1969, Kortesmaa 1982, Hovinen 1983). The stand types were monocrops and replacement series of mixtures with 2/3 and 1/3 or 1/3 and 2/3 of oats (Avena saliva) and faba bean (Vida faba), respectively. keywords: bean; content; experiment; faba; g.s; growth; height; intercropping; mixture; monocrop; nitrogen; oats; pest; plant; stems cache: afs-72921.pdf plain text: afs-72921.txt item: #2164 of 2310 id: afs-72922 author: Kurppa, Sirpa; Suonpää, Marja title: Infestations and distribution of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) on different varieties of barley and oats, effect of nitrogen fertilization and chemical control date: 1990 words: 5362 flesch: 68 summary: In the open field in 1988, significant differ- ences were found in aphid numbers per plant between varieties Pomo, Agneta and Ida at the lowest level of nitrogen fertilization (Fig. 3). Distribution of Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) on spring barley plants. keywords: aphids; barley; base; mean; nitrogen; number; oats; padi; plant; varieties cache: afs-72922.pdf plain text: afs-72922.txt item: #2165 of 2310 id: afs-72923 author: Varis, Anna-Liisa; Brax, Raija title: Effect of bee pollination on yield and yield components of field bean (Vicia faba L.) date: 1990 words: 2329 flesch: 75 summary: Maataloustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Vol. 62: 45—49, 1990 Effect of bee pollination on yield and yield components of field bean (Vicia faba L.) ANNA-LIISA VARIS & RAIJA BRAX 1 Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland Abstract. The effect of bees on the yield of field bean (Vidafaba L.) was studied in cage experiments in southern Finland during two successive years. keywords: bean; bees; field; plants; plots; pollination; pollinators; seeds; year cache: afs-72923.pdf plain text: afs-72923.txt item: #2166 of 2310 id: afs-72924 author: Jaakkola, Seija title: The effect of cell wall degrading enzymes on the preservation of grass and on the silage intake and digestibility in sheep date: 1990 words: 6900 flesch: 67 summary: Solub. acid acid acid acid acids N Experiment 1 Unwilted grass 57 336 Formic acid 4.06 15 63 18 0.8 0 82 3.5 63 605 Wilted grass 85 325 Untreated 4.40 2 93 30 0.7 0 124 3.1 113 704 Formic acid 3.98 36 64 14 0 0 78 4.6 52 589 Enzyme A 3.95 8 133 23 0 0 156 5.8 72 679 Enzyme B 3.96 9 131 23 0 0 154 5.7 72 669 Experiment 11 Unwilted grass 65 419 Untreated 4.81 1 8 61 12.8 0.1 81 0.1 148 736 Formic acid 3.98 41 52 12 0.4 0 64 4.3 57 670 E2OO 4.15 5 92 34 4.1 0 130 2.7 119 720 E4OO 3.96 9 111 28 2.2 0 141 4.0 116 717 EBOO 3.93 17 111 20 0.9 0 132 5.6 87 676 Table 3, In-silo dry matter (DM) losses (g/kg) and the amount and DM content of effluent (g/kg) from the silages treated with different additives. The FA silages were also well preserved (pH 4.0, ammonia N 57) with more restricted fermen- tation than enzyme silages. keywords: acid; content; digestibility; effect; enzyme; exp; fermentation; grass; level; silage cache: afs-72924.pdf plain text: afs-72924.txt item: #2167 of 2310 id: afs-72925 author: Akinola, J. O.; Addo, A. A.; Olufokunbi, K. C. title: Improvement of annual forage and seed production in the sub-humid zone of Nigeria through supplement irrigation date: 1990 words: 6283 flesch: 57 summary: While grass CP yields relied heavily on high DM yields, legume CP yields would be ob- served to have been strongly influenced by high CP contents. Average annual irrigated legume CP yield was 1.0 % more, and grass CP yield 2.9 % less, than the respective rainfed CP yields. keywords: acc; cajan; irrigation; legumes; max; production; rainfed; species; total; yields cache: afs-72925.pdf plain text: afs-72925.txt item: #2168 of 2310 id: afs-72926 author: Mäkinen, Paavo title: Suomen maatalouden rakennemuutos: Tutkimus Markovin ketjujen käyttömahdollisuuksista rakennekehityksen ennustamisessa ja teoreettinen analyysi rakennemuutokseen vaikuttaneista tekijöistä date: 1990 words: 48643 flesch: 55 summary: Historiaan kuuluvat kansallisen yhteisön syntyminen ja sen yhteis- kuntajärjestyksen ja erityisesti sen maaomis- tusolojen kehittyminen. Keinot, joilla maatilat saadaan siiretyksi seuraavalle sukupolvelle, ja käytettyjen kei- nojen vaikutukset kyseisiin maatalousyrityk- siin ja koko maatalouteenpaikallisesti, alueel- lisesti ja koko maan osalta. keywords: .0000; 1969; 1977—80; 1983—86; agriculture; aikana; aikavälillä; aikavälin; ainakin; ajan; alkioiden; alueen; alueiden; alueilla; alueittain; analysis; anon; area; atv; avulla; buckwell; chains; change; classes; costs; country; dairy; data; development; distribution; econ; edelleen; edellä; ei ole; eivät; eli; enemmän; ennusteet; eri; erityisesti; esimerkiksi; esitetty; etelä; että; että maatalouden; factors; farms; field; figure; finland; forecasts; hehtaarin; herd; huomattavasti; huomioon; hyvin; hyväksi; ihamuotila; ilman; income; ja ei; ja etelä; ja että; ja koko; ja maatalouden; ja niiden; ja sen; ja siihen; ja sitä; johtuu; joiden; joilla; joita; joka; joko; jolloin; jossa; joudutaan; jälkeen; kaikilla; kaikki; kaksi; kannalta; kanssa; kasvaa; kaudella; kehitykseen; kehitys; kehitystä; koko; kokoluokissa; kokoluokka; kokorakenteen; koon; koska; kotieläinten; kuin; kuinka; kuitenkin; kun; kustannukset; kustannusten; kuten; kuvaa; kuvio; kuviossa; käytetty; käytettävissä; käytetään; käyttämällä; käyttöä; käytännössä; käytön; laskee; lisäksi; lrac; lukumäärä; lukumäärä eri; luokka; luvulla; luvun; luvussa; lyhyellä; lyhyen; lypsykarjojen; lähde; lähes; lähinnä; maan; maatalouden; maataloustuotteiden; maatalousyritysten; maatilojen; maatilojen lukumäärä; mahdollista; makroaineistosta; mallin; markovin; measures; micro; mikä; model; muiden; mukaan; mutta; muuttujien; mvp; myös; niiden; niin; noin; nollaluokan; northern; number; nyt; näin; objectives; oikealle; ole; oletetaan; olevan; olevien; oli; olisi; olivat; olla; olleet; ollut; osalta; osittain; osuus; ovat; pellon; peltoalan; perusteella; pienempi; pienimmän; pinta; pitkällä; pitkän; pohjanmaa; pohjois; policies; policy; poultry; price; probabilities; production; prosessin; puolestaan; rakennekehityksen; rakenteen; rakenteeseen; region; saattaa; samalla; samoin; sekä; selvästi; sen; seuraavassa; share; siihen; siinä; siirtymätodennäköisyyksien; siirtyy; sisä; siten; sitä; size; source; southern; structure; study; suhde; suhteellisen; suhteen; suhteessa; suomen; suomessa; suomessa ja; suomi; support; suurempi; suurin; tai; tapahtuu; tapauksessa; tarkastellaan; tarkastelu; taulukko; tavoitteiden; tehdä; tilan; tilasta; todennäköisesti; toimenpiteet; toimenpiteiden; toiminnan; toinen; toisaalta; toiseen; toiseksi; tosin; transition; tuen; tukea; tuki; tulee; tuotannon; tuotannon ja; tuotannontekijän; tuotannontekijöiden; tuotantoa; tuotteiden; työn; työvoiman; tällä; tällöin; tämä; tässä; tätä; ulkopuolelle; usein; vaan; vaikka; vaikuttaa; vaikutuksia; vaikutus; vain; varsin; varsinkin; vastaa; vastaavasti; verrattuna; vielä; voidaan; vuodelle; vuoden; vuodesta; vuoksi; vuonna; vuosien; vuosina; vuoteen; year; yhden; yhteydessä; yhtä; yleensä; yli; yllä; yrittäjän; yrityksen; yritysten cache: afs-72926.pdf plain text: afs-72926.txt item: #2169 of 2310 id: afs-72927 author: Yli-Halla, Markku title: Comparison of a bioassay and three chemical methods for determination of plant-available P in cultivated soils of Finland date: 1990 words: 3512 flesch: 66 summary: Also in Finnish soils, water and resin extractions have proved successful in predicting the uptake of soil P by plants in pot experiments (Aura 1978, Sippola& Jaak- kola 1980). The study showed that the plants were able to utilize only a small fraction of soil P. This suggests that the bulk of soil P is proba- bly of no practical significance in P nutrition of plants. keywords: experiment; methods; plant; pot; soil; uptake cache: afs-72927.pdf plain text: afs-72927.txt item: #2170 of 2310 id: afs-72928 author: Varis, E.; Peltola, U.; Kauppila, R. title: Seed yield and seed quality of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in growing conditions of Finland date: 1990 words: 2844 flesch: 73 summary: The germinability and dormancy characteristics of subterranean clover seeds in 1986. The germinability and dormancy characteristics of subterranean clover seeds in 1987. keywords: clover; conditions; dormancy; seeds; subterranean; varieties; yield cache: afs-72928.pdf plain text: afs-72928.txt item: #2171 of 2310 id: afs-72929 author: Peltonen, Jari; Karvonen, Tuomo; Kivi, Erkki title: The effect of climatic factors on production of spring wheat quantity to quality ratio in southern Finland date: 1990 words: 3271 flesch: 71 summary: There was lit- tle annual variation in protein content of wheat grain before 1974 (Suomela et ai. 1977), however since 1974 there has been a de- crease in the protein content. According to Kramer (1979), with- in a wheat genotype the correlation between grain yield and grain protein content can be either close to zero, positive, or negative, de- pending on the level of fertilization. keywords: content; grain; nitrogen; protein; quality; temperature; wheat; yield cache: afs-72929.pdf plain text: afs-72929.txt item: #2172 of 2310 id: afs-72930 author: Suhonen, Irma; Kokkonen, Leena title: The effect of planting date on growth, seed stalk development and yield of sweet fennel date: 1990 words: 4082 flesch: 75 summary: The ratio between the height of stem inside the bulb and bulb height increased fastest in the lot planted under cover in May and in the lot planted out in June; at the fourth harvest the relationship was 0.8. The yield quality of ‘ZEFA-Tardo’ was low because of elongated bulbs and great variation in bulb height. keywords: bulb; fino; harvest; height; july; planting; stem; width; zefa cache: afs-72930.pdf plain text: afs-72930.txt item: #2173 of 2310 id: afs-72931 author: Karjalainen, Reijo title: Yield reduction of spring barley in relation to disease development caused by Rhynchosporium secalis date: 1990 words: 4642 flesch: 68 summary: In the past twenty years, barley scald disease has become increasingly common in Finland. Quantifica- tion of barley yield losses caused by Rhynchospo- rium secalis using visual versus remote sensing assess- ment methods. keywords: barley; development; disease; finland; grain; leaf; pokko; rhynchosporium; scald; secalis; weight; yield cache: afs-72931.pdf plain text: afs-72931.txt item: #2174 of 2310 id: afs-72932 author: Karjalainen, Reijo; Karjalainen, Sinikka title: Yield reduction of spring wheat in relation to disease development caused by Septoria nodorum date: 1990 words: 4134 flesch: 65 summary: Our results in 1986 showed that even un- der unsuitable dry conditions S. nodorum can reduce wheat yield by s—lo5—10 %. Integrated control of Septoria disease of wheat. keywords: cultivars; development; disease; grain; infection; kadett; leaf; nodorum; septoria; spring; tähti; wheat; yield cache: afs-72932.pdf plain text: afs-72932.txt item: #2175 of 2310 id: afs-72933 author: Peltonen-Sainio, P.; Karjalainen, R. title: Yield reduction of oat cultivars in relation to disease development caused by barley yellow dwarf virus date: 1990 words: 3762 flesch: 65 summary: The effects of barley yellow dwarf virus on the development, grain yield and yield components of oat cultivar Veli and breeding lines Hankkija 78152 and 78033 were studied in two years. Index words: barley yellow dwarf virus, yield loss, epidemiology Introduction Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), the type member of the plant luteovirus group, is trans- mitted in a persistent circulative manner by aphids (Oswald and Houston 1951). keywords: aphids; barley; bydv; disease; dwarf; grain; infection; oat; virus; yellow; yield cache: afs-72933.pdf plain text: afs-72933.txt item: #2176 of 2310 id: afs-72934 author: Vestberg, Mauritz title: Occurrence and pathogenicity of Pythium spp. in seedling roots of winter rye date: 1990 words: 4261 flesch: 72 summary: Barley adaptation in relation to Pythium root rot. Observations on Pythium root rot ofwheat and barley. keywords: barley; pieces; pythium; roots; rye; seedlings; species; spp; spring; water; wheat; winter cache: afs-72934.pdf plain text: afs-72934.txt item: #2177 of 2310 id: afs-72935 author: Kotimaa, Marjut title: Spore exposure arising from stored hay, grain and straw date: 1990 words: 3697 flesch: 62 summary: Thirtythree farms were included in the study and hay samples were taken from baled hay, grain samples from grain which had been dried with un- heated forced air and straw samples from baled straw. Straw samples (n =5) liberated significantly higher amounts of spores (3.7 x 106 cfu/m 3 air) in comparison to hay samples (n=33) and grain samples (n=2), which liberated 0.6x10s cfu/m 3 and 0.2xl06 cfu/m 3 , respectively. keywords: exposure; grain; hay; lung; straw cache: afs-72935.pdf plain text: afs-72935.txt item: #2178 of 2310 id: afs-72936 author: Hannukkala, Asko O.; Korva, Jukka; Tapio, Eeva title: Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia I: Experimental design and summaries date: 1990 words: 6162 flesch: 61 summary: To provide manure for crops in 1984 and 1985, composts for system Cl were prepared 300 Table 2, Organic manures and other ingredientsapplied in organic cropping systems in crop sequence phases a and b in 1982—1988. Raw materials, N, P and K contents of the composts used in organic cropping systems in 1982—1988. keywords: barley; clover; compost; cropping; cropping systems; experiment; farm; field; mixture; plant; seed; slurry; soil; systems; wheat; winter cache: afs-72936.pdf plain text: afs-72936.txt item: #2179 of 2310 id: afs-72937 author: Punttila, Marja-Leena title: Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran toiminnasta vuosina 1909—1972 date: 1973 words: 4897 flesch: 38 summary: Tutkimusaiheiden todettiin lisääntyneen mm. kemian alalla, ja erilaisten Eräässä mielenkiintoisessa esitelmässään professori Nils Westermarck sel- vitti maataloustutkimuksen asemaa ja laajuutta Suomessa muihin pohjois- maihin verrattuna. keywords: 1946; acta; agralia; aikana; eri; että; fennica; finland; julkaisuja; kannalta; kokouksissa; kuin; kuitenkin; luvun; maassamme; maatalouden; maataloustieteellisen; maisteri; meillä; myös; oli; olisi; olivat; ollut; ovat; pidettiin; prof; professori; ruotsi; sekä; seuran; siitä; society; suomen; toiminnan; toiminta; tri; tuli; tämä; viime; vuoden; vuonna; vuosina; vuotta; yhteensä cache: afs-72937.pdf plain text: afs-72937.txt item: #2180 of 2310 id: afs-72938 author: Ettala, Elsi title: Boars for breeding: A study of methods of evaluation used at testing stations date: 1973 words: 41043 flesch: 72 summary: Composition of feed of boar progeny 1969—7l. Least squares analysis of the effects of initial weight, initial age and sires on the growth of boar progeny. keywords: age; area; average; barrows; boars; bone; carcass; carcass characteristics; characteristics; correlations; cuts; day; differences; efficiency; evaluation; fat; feed; group; group b; growth; half; ham; leg; loin; longissimus; mean; measurement; meat; midback; muscle; phenotype; points; progeny; progeny boars; rate; results; sires; sol; sub; table; test; test boars; test points; testing; thickness; ultrasonic; weight cache: afs-72938.pdf plain text: afs-72938.txt item: #2181 of 2310 id: afs-72939 author: Korkman, Johan title: Sulphur status in Finnish cultivated soils date: 1973 words: 37409 flesch: 64 summary: Determination of various criteria of soil sulphur available to plants 143 a. Determination of the sulphur extractable with 1 % NaCl 144 1. Determination of various criteria of soil sulphur available to plants Great efforts have been made to provide a chemical method of estimating the sulphur reserves of the soil which are available to plants. keywords: analysis; atmosphere; cent; clay; conditions; determination; effect; experiments; extraction; finesand; finland; material; method; mg s; nitrogen; organic; peat; phosphorus; plant; pot; precipitation; results; soil; soil extracts; soil samples; soil sci; soil sulphur; sulphate sulphur; sulphur; sulphur balance; sulphur compounds; sulphur content; sulphur deficiency; sulphur dioxide; sulphur extractable; sulphur fallout; sulphur fertilization; sulphur quantities; sulphur situation; sulphur supply; sulphur uptake; table; total; water; yield cache: afs-72939.pdf plain text: afs-72939.txt item: #2182 of 2310 id: afs-72940 author: Uusisalmi, U.; Kallio, M.; Klautschek, G.; Varo, M. title: Aufzucht und Spermaproduktion bei Jungbullen unter Stationsbedingungen in Finnland date: 1973 words: 3090 flesch: 57 summary: Phänotypische Korrelation zwischen der Körpergrösse der Bullen und ihrer Sperma- produktion. Die Bullen der Finnischen Rasse wurden in Maunula auf ihre Eigenleistung gepriift. keywords: aufzucht; bei; bullen; den; der; die; eine; jungbullen; masse; mit; pro; production; semen; sperma; spermaproduktion; tage; und; von; zwischen cache: afs-72940.pdf plain text: afs-72940.txt item: #2183 of 2310 id: afs-72941 author: Kaila, Armi; Kettunen, Helinä title: Magnesium-supplying power of some Finnish mineral soils date: 1973 words: 2712 flesch: 75 summary: Total yields of rye grass shoots and of Mg harvested in the shoots Number of Shoots g/pot* Mg in shoots mg/pot* Soil harvests without Mg Mg applied without Mg Mg applied 1. Mg Exchangeable Mg in soils »Released from harvested nonexchangeable» in shoots original at the end difference Mg K 1. keywords: clay; content; hci; sand; shoots; silty; soil cache: afs-72941.pdf plain text: afs-72941.txt item: #2184 of 2310 id: afs-72942 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Laalahti, Risto title: L-Iysiinillä rikastettu kasvivalkuainen kalajauhon korvaajana lihasian rehuseoksessa date: 1973 words: 3212 flesch: 59 summary: Päivittäin käytetyt rehumäärät käyvät ilmi taulukosta 2, ry-määrät ja rehun raakavalkuais- Koe jouduttiin aloittamaan liian suurilla porsailla ja sen vuoksi melkein välittömästi rehun vaihdon jälkeen. keywords: crude; että; feed; group; kokeen; kuin; lysine; meal; myös; ohra; oli; olivat; pigs; protein; rehujen; rehun; ruhon; ryhmien; sen; sikojen; vegetable; voidaan cache: afs-72942.pdf plain text: afs-72942.txt item: #2185 of 2310 id: afs-72943 author: Uusisalmi, U.; Klautschek, G. title: Ein Beitrag zur Bewertung der Schlachtkörperzusammensetzung an lebenden Jungsauen mit Hilfe der Ultraschall-Messmethode date: 1973 words: 2955 flesch: 56 summary: Riicken kg 2.87 0.41 Anted Fleisch und Knochen am Riicken % 21.08 1.34O/- Anted Haut und Fett am Riicken % 8.39 1.310//O Fleich und Knochen von der Schulter kg 2.94 0.24 Haut und Fett von der Schulter kg 0.88 0.16 Fläche des m. long, dorsi cm2 30.77 3.30 Fett-Fleich-Verhaltnis 110.32 24.37 Punkte fiir Rilckenspeck 12.62 1.17 Riicken g ** 0.080.00 * 0.08 Fleisch und Knochen von der Schulter g * 0.06 •* 0.08 * 0.12 Haut und Fett von der Schulter g *•* 0.120.04 *• 0.14 Ultraschall-Messpunkt 7 * 0.060.01 0.06 Ultraschall-Messpunkt 14 ** 0.080.02 * 0.11 Ergebnissen. keywords: dem; den; der; die; fett; fiir; fleisch; haut; knochen; messpunkte; mit; schlachtkörper; tabelle; ultraschall; und; vom; von; zwischen cache: afs-72943.pdf plain text: afs-72943.txt item: #2186 of 2310 id: afs-72944 author: Klautschek, G.; Uusisalmi, U. title: Aufzucht, Spermaproduktion und Befruchtungserfolg bei Ayrshirebullen in der Besamungsstation Salpausselkä date: 1973 words: 2833 flesch: 54 summary: Korrelationen zwischen der Aufzucht, der Spermaproduktion und der non-return Rate bei Zuchtbullen. Das zeigen auch die, von Maijala (1967) fiir die finnischen Ayrshire errechneten Heritabilitäts- werte der non-return Rate von 0,36 bis 0,47. keywords: bei; bullen; bulls; den; der; des; die; fiir; lebendmasse; mit; pro; rate; spermaproduktion; spermas; tag; und; von; werden; zwischen cache: afs-72944.pdf plain text: afs-72944.txt item: #2187 of 2310 id: afs-72945 author: Kaila, Armi title: Calcium, magnesium and potassium in mineral soils from the southern half of Finland date: 1973 words: 3691 flesch: 72 summary: In tire 95 samples of clay soils the average Ca content is %, in the 115 non-clay samples it tends to be somewhat higher, 1.13±0.05 %. The mean content of total Mg in clay soils, %, is distinctly higher than that in the non-clay soils, %. keywords: clay; samples; sand; soils; total cache: afs-72945.pdf plain text: afs-72945.txt item: #2188 of 2310 id: afs-72946 author: Varis, Eero title: Pakkausmateriaalin, pakkauskoon ja säilytystavan vaikutus ruokaperunan laatuun date: 1973 words: 2823 flesch: 54 summary: ja 7.3 %: Perunoiden kostuminen eri pakkausmateriaaleissa oli keskimäärin: pape- rit 4,6, ja 5, muovit 15 ja 39 %. keywords: bags; että; kuin; läpinäkyvä; muovi; oli; paper; perunoiden; plastic; potatoes cache: afs-72946.pdf plain text: afs-72946.txt item: #2189 of 2310 id: afs-72947 author: Ikäheimo, Esa; Rouhiainen, Juhani title: Siipikarjanlihan tarjonnasta ja kysynnästä Suomessa vv. 1966—68 date: 1973 words: 3627 flesch: 48 summary: ennusteen mukaan siipikarjanlihan kokonaistuotos ja kulutus olisi maassamme v. 1985 25 milj. Tämän tutkimuksen ensisijaisena tarkoituksena on ollut 274 selvittää siipikarjanlihan tarjontaan ja kulutukseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. keywords: broilerin; capita; että; hinnan; hinta; kananlihan; koko; koska; kuin; kulutuksen; kulutus; käytettiin; myös; ole; oli; olisi; ollut; ovat; poultry; price; sbi; siipikarjanlihan; tilastollisesti; tulojousto; tuotannon; tuotanto; tämän; voidaan cache: afs-72947.pdf plain text: afs-72947.txt item: #2190 of 2310 id: afs-72948 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Immonen, Matti; Suomi, Kaija title: Puunjalostusteollisuuden jäteliemipulveri märehtijäin rehuna date: 1973 words: 4268 flesch: 60 summary: Taulukossa 2 esitetään ravintoarvon kannalta tärkeimpien aineiden pitoi- suudet neljästä sulavuuskokeella tutkitusta jäteliemipulveristä tai -siirapista ja vertailun vuoksi myös painemenetelmällä saadusta USA:sta peräisin ole- vasta hemiselluloosasiirapista ja Turengin sokerijuurikasmelassista. Lehmät olivat edellä olleet ruokintakokeessa, missä niiden sjmnti, maitötuotos ja veri- arvot oli kontrolloitu. keywords: aineesta; crude; dieetin; diet; digestibility; eri; että; jätekoe; jäteliemipulverin; koe; kun; level; liquor; matter; mutta; myös; noin; oli; olivat; sekä; sen; sitä; sswl; sulavuus; tasolla; trial; vain; waste cache: afs-72948.pdf plain text: afs-72948.txt item: #2191 of 2310 id: afs-72949 author: Varis, Eero title: The effects of tuber size and chitting method on the growth and yield of Amyla and Barima potatoes date: 1973 words: 7681 flesch: 76 summary: Tuber yield per hill, g. Averages of three liftings Autumn lifting Chitting method Large seed Small seed Average Large seed Small seed Average Not chitted 497 421 459 779 694 736 Stem weight per hillChitting method Large seed Small seed Average Notchitted 395 306 350 In dark 352 277 315 In light 358 262 310 In plastic bags 327 264 295 Average 358 277 318 LSD 5 % Seed size 18 Chitting 26 The weight of the haulms of Amyla was considerably greater than that of Barima (423 and 212 g). keywords: amyla; barima; chitting; method; ns ns; number; seed; seed size; size; sprouts; tubers; weight; yield cache: afs-72949.pdf plain text: afs-72949.txt item: #2192 of 2310 id: afs-72950 author: Pihkala, K. U.; Lasola, Tapani title: Kainuulaisen uudistilan edullisin suuruus ja tuotantosuunta date: 1973 words: 43101 flesch: 55 summary: Suomussalmi study farms Tämän tutkimuksen tutkimustiloilla ovat kantohinnat olleet samoina jak- soina vastaavasti 0:65/j3 ja 0;76/j 3 ja kuusi- ja mäntypinotavaralla keskimäärin 4:67/p-m 3 ja 5:29/p-m3 , koivuhalkojen 0:85/p-m3 . Heikurainen (1959, p. 96—100) on tarkastellut ojitettujen soiden juoksevan vuotuisen kuutiokasvun suhdetta leveysasteittain ja myös itä- ja länsisuunnassa, ja vaikka kangasmetsien kasvueroja ei hänen mukaansa ole syytä rinnastaa hänen esittämiinsä tuloksiin, osoittavat ne suuntaa ja ovat sopusoinnussa aikaisempien viimeksimainittuja metsiä koskevien tutkimus- tulosten kanssa. keywords: 1959; 1959—63; 1969; acta; aikana; aiv; alle; alueella; alueen; area; arvioida; arvioitu; arvo; asetettu; aver; average; barley; beef; calculations; calves; cost; cows; edelleen; edellisen; edellytetty; edellä; edullisin; ehkä; ei ole; eivät; eli; enemmän; eri; erityisesti; esiintyy; esim; esitetty; esitetään; etenkin; että; evt; family; farms; fenn; finland; forest; forestry; group; growth; hay; hehtaaria; heinän; helsinki; hevosen; hinta; horse; hours; huomioon; ikään; ilman; ilvessalon; income; ja eri; ja että; joiden; joilla; joissa; joita; joka; jopa; jos; julk; jälkeen; kainuun; kaksi; kannalta; kanssa; kasvu; katetuotto; katsotaan; katsottu; keskim; keskimäärin; keskimääräinen; kg ja; kivennäismailla; koealoilla; kohdalta; kohden; koko; koska; koskevat; kuin; kuitenkin; kuiva; kun; kustannukset; kustannus; kuten; käytetty; käytettävissä; käytetään; käyttäen; käyttää; käyttö; käytön; labour; laidunkauden; laidunkausi; land; laskelmat; laskelmien; laskelmissa; laskettu; lehmää; lienee; lisäksi; logs; lukuja; luvut; lähinnä; maan; maata; maatalouden; mahdollista; maidon; maidontuotannon; margin; metsien; metsän; metsänhoitolautakunnan; metsätalouden; mikä; milk; mineral; mukaan; muodossa; muodostuu; mutta; muuhun; muuttuvat; myös; myöskin; määrä; niiden; niin; niistä; noin; nurmenviljelyn; näin; nämä; ohra; ole; olevan; olevien; oli; olisi; olla; olleet; ollessa; ollut; olosuhteissa; osaksi; osalta; otetaan; otettu; ovat; pasture; peat; perheen; period; perunan; perusteella; perä; petterson; pine; pohjois; pohjolan; pois; price; production; puitteissa; puun; puuston; quality; rehun; results; ry ja; saadaan; saattaa; saatu; sadon; samoinkuin; sato; satoja; sekä; selviää; siihen; siis; siitä; silage; sisäruokintakauden; siten; sitävastoin; soils; study; suhteellisesti; summary; suomen; suomessa; suomussalmen; suuruudesta; syytä; säilörehun; taas; table; tai; tapauksessa; taulukko; taulukossa; tavalla; tehty; tekn; tekniikka; tietoja; tilat; toisaalta; total; tulokset; tuloksiin; tuotantoprosessien; turvemaan; turvemaiden; tutkimuksen; tutkimuksessa; tutkimusalueen; tutkimustiloilla; tutkimustilojen; työtä; tällä; tällöin; tämän; tässä; tätä; use; uudistilan; vaikutus; vain; valtion; value; varsin; varten; vastaavasti; verraten; vielä; voidaan; voitu; vrt; vuoden; vuodessa; vuoksi; vuosina; välillä; wood; work; years; yhteensä; yield; yleensä; yli cache: afs-72950.pdf plain text: afs-72950.txt item: #2193 of 2310 id: afs-72951 author: Nissinen, Oiva title: Effect of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici) on spring wheat in Finland date: 1973 words: 2479 flesch: 72 summary: From the plant breeder’s point of view, choosing field resistant lines is, however, no solution to breeding mildew resistant varieties. According to Fajersson and Lundin (1969), combining a gene for mildew resistance into the field resis- tance variety Ring increases the grain yield in the new variety Rang in many cases by 10—15%. keywords: grain; hja; mildew; resistance; varieties; wheat; yield cache: afs-72951.pdf plain text: afs-72951.txt item: #2194 of 2310 id: afs-72952 author: Varis, Eero title: NPK-lannoituksen vaikutus Pito-perunan ravinteiden ottoon date: 1973 words: 5174 flesch: 60 summary: /o /o matter ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha ka:ssa kg/ha kg/ha in D.M. in D.M. in D.M. in D.M. in D.M. AI) **� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� **� **� B2)�������������*� ��� � � * * *� �� * � *** Q3j ��� ��� *�* ��� ��� ��� **� ��� ���N P K ��� * �� ��� � �� o � �� *** ns ��� ��� � **ns ns ns ns *���ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns \B *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ** AC *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** AN �** ** **� �** *** �** *** *** * ns *** AP ns (*) ** *** ns ns ns * * ns (*) Typpilannoitus lisäsi pääasiassa varsiston kaliummäärää ja myös sen ka- liumpitoisuutta. keywords: aikana; aineen; effect; että; figure; fosforin; kasvukauden; kuiva; käyttöön; lannoituksen; mukuloiden; myös; ns ns; oli; perunan; piirros; pito; potato; typen; uptake; vaikutus; varsiston; yhdysvaikutus; � � cache: afs-72952.pdf plain text: afs-72952.txt item: #2195 of 2310 id: afs-72953 author: Lindström, Ulf; Maijala, Kalle; Varo, Mikko title: Dairy progeny testing in Finland date: 1973 words: 2595 flesch: 71 summary: No. of daughters in 1967 No. of bulls Correlation to 1968 pro- progeny test geny test, % g 20 59 48.2 21 - 30 67 47.9 31 - 40 59 69.1 41 - 50 40 77.6 51 - 70 62 50.9 71 - 100 43 77,1 lOO 43 65.2 The most effective way of improving the overall accuracy would probably be to calculate corrected herd averages. Use of progeny test results The most important task of the progeny tests is to provide a basis for the selection of bull sires and »ordinary» sires for production of female replace- ments. keywords: daughters; fat; month; production; progeny; test; year cache: afs-72953.pdf plain text: afs-72953.txt item: #2196 of 2310 id: afs-72954 author: Varis, Eero title: NPK-lannoituksen vaikutus perunoiden kemialliseen koostumukseen date: 1973 words: 3820 flesch: 66 summary: Mukuloiden P-pitoisuus Mukuloiden kuiva-aineen keskimääräinen fosforipitoisuus vaihteli koe- vuosina 0.154—0.240 % ja tuoreiden mukuloiden fosfori-pitoisuus 31—50 mg/100 g. Fosforipitoisuudet alenivat kasvukauden aikana ja nousivat syk- syllä jonkin verran (0.214-0.175-0.162-0.184 ja 37-36-38-44) (vrt. ja 13.9. keywords: aineen; contents; kasvukauden; kuiva; matter; mg/100; mukuloiden; myös; ns ns; oli; perunoiden; piirros; pitoisuus; potatoes; taulukko; vaikutus cache: afs-72954.pdf plain text: afs-72954.txt item: #2197 of 2310 id: afs-72955 author: Huida, Lea title: Haihtuvien rasvahappojen kvantitatiivinen määrittäminen pötsinesteestä ja säilörehusta kaasu-nestekromatograafisesti date: 1973 words: 1965 flesch: 34 summary: Etikkahappo ja propionihappo, samoin kuin voihappo ja isovaleriaana- happo eivät aivan täydellisesti eronneet toisistaan (kuva 1). Epätäydellisesti saostunut proteiini ai- heutti kuitenkin perusviivavaikeuksia kromatografoinnin aikana ja piikit oli mitattava käsin integraattorin asemesta. keywords: 1961; acid; chromatography; fatty; gas; koska; käytettiin; min; myös; oli; olivat; rasvahappojen; rumen; tutkimuksessa cache: afs-72955.pdf plain text: afs-72955.txt item: #2198 of 2310 id: afs-72956 author: Varis, Eero title: NPK-lannoituksen vaikutus Pito-perunan satotekijöihin date: 1973 words: 2902 flesch: 59 summary: N, P- ja K-lannoituksen vaikutus versojen ja mukuloiden lukumäärään Table 2. The effect of increased N rates on the tuber size of Pito potato 498 noituksen satoa lisäävä vaikutus oli lievempi, mutta jatkuva, ja se suuntautui tasaisemmin varsiston ja mukuloiden osalle (vrt. keywords: että; mukuloiden; myös; ns ns; oli; perunan; piirros; pito; potato; rates; typpilannoitus; vaikutus; yhdysvaikutus; yield cache: afs-72956.pdf plain text: afs-72956.txt item: #2199 of 2310 id: afs-72957 author: Ettala, Elsi title: Crossbreeding experiment with mixed semen of boars of different breeds date: 1973 words: 3667 flesch: 70 summary: Purebred and crossbred progeny were identified by blood group testing. The effects of variation in initial weight, initial age and final weight upon growth during the experimental period, and the effect of carcass weight upon carcass characteristics were eliminated by least squares variance analysis (Harvey 1966) using linear regressions. keywords: crossbreds; litters; piglets; purebreds; semen; weight; yorkshire cache: afs-72957.pdf plain text: afs-72957.txt item: #2200 of 2310 id: afs-72958 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Orakoski, Harri; Suomi, Kaija title: Sokeri- ja tärkkelyslisäyksen vaikutus säilörehun sulavuuteen ja typen pidättymiseen pässeillä date: 1973 words: 2505 flesch: 62 summary: 512 Sokeri- ja tärkkelyslisäyksen vaikutus säilörehun sulavuu- teen ja typen pidättymiseen pässeillä Maija-Liisa Salo, Harri Orakoski ja Kaija Suomi Yliopiston kotieläintieteen laitos, Helsinki Saapunut 18. To- dellisen sulavuuden laskemisessa käytettiin Maynard ja LoosLYn (1989) mä- rehtijöille ilmoittamaa lukua, 0.5 g metabolista typpeä pro 100 g syötyä kuiva- ainetta. keywords: digestibility; effect; että; oli; ollut; sci; sheep; starch; sucrose; sulavuuteen; säilörehun; trial cache: afs-72958.pdf plain text: afs-72958.txt item: #2201 of 2310 id: afs-72959 author: Salo, Maija-Liisa; Immonen, Matti; Luomajärvi, Ulla title: Rehuyhdistelmän sokeripitoisuuden vaikutus lehmien maidontuotantoon ja veriarvoihin date: 1973 words: 2609 flesch: 62 summary: ja srv-arvon lisäksi so- keripitoisuuteen. ja kasvutarve vähennettiin. keywords: cows; että; group; koko; milk; noin; olivat; ryhmä; ryhmällä; sci; sokeria; sugar; viikon cache: afs-72959.pdf plain text: afs-72959.txt item: #2202 of 2310 id: afs-72960 author: Szabó, Gábor title: Main trends in Hungarian agriculture date: 1973 words: 2787 flesch: 52 summary: The significance of household plot farms is best reflected in the figures showing their proportion in agricultural production. https://www.c-info.fi/en/info/?token=mQFz2Wo166-xSnLW.c0BpcJwIu_M3lD0nI2WWAg.K05UPkiklWUbHI9QajBNC9KYCwXPEesnOxoIB3kP0kbpVwhFXuZ_I8_kurFEi2eZQ1Dwk8LJq3RXoyRShCDQP4eICaNyOnt9sWsVUaklA_55ydrqYL8L_lmh7aS-v3Aeir4Ydz8UJfq0m0P__doukdb6bqE_5DCx2wMddQcnur1uU3Y 529 could be Utilized and thus to start raising agricultural production and the living standard of the peasantry. keywords: agriculture; cent; farms; household; plots; production; scale cache: afs-72960.pdf plain text: afs-72960.txt item: #2203 of 2310 id: afs-72961 author: Syrjälä, Liisa; Kossila, Vappu; Sipilä, Helena title: A study of nutritional status of Finnish reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus L.) in differents months: I. Composition and volume of the rumen microbiota date: 1973 words: 3280 flesch: 63 summary: The volume coefficients for rumen ciliates obtained by Westerling (1970) and that for rumen bacteria obtained by Warner (1962) were used to obtain an indication of the volume of the rumen microbe mass in reindeer. These values are of about the same mag- nitude as those obtained for other ruminants (Warner 1965), but are lower 540 than the values for rumen ciliates alone reported for reindeer by Westerling (1970). keywords: cells; ciliate; december; march; reindeer; rumen; total; volume cache: afs-72961.pdf plain text: afs-72961.txt item: #2204 of 2310 id: afs-73149 author: Ylinen, Vappu; Pylkkö, Päivi; Peura, Jussi; Tuomola, Essi; Valaja, Jarmo title: Performance in blue fox (Vulpes lagopus) fed low-protein diets supplemented with DL-methionine and L-histidine date: 2018 words: 7901 flesch: 65 summary: Effects of replacing rapeseed meal with fava bean at 2 concentrate crude protein levels on feed intake, nutrient digestion, and milk production in cows fed grass silage–based diets. Key words: fur animal, protein level, amino acids, growth, pelt size, pelt quality Introduction keywords: amino; dcp; diets; p20; pelt; protein; trial cache: afs-73149.pdf plain text: afs-73149.txt item: #2205 of 2310 id: afs-73282 author: Staniak, Mariola title: Changes in yield and nutritive value of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress date: 2019 words: 5723 flesch: 64 summary: Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Dry matter yield (DMY) of Trifolium pratense and Festulolium braunii grown in pure stand (PS) and in mixture (MX) under optimal and drought stress conditions (g pot-1) I regrowth II regrowth III regrowth IV regrowth Treatment soil moisture conditions optimum stress optimum stress optimum stress optimum stress 2012 T. pratense PS1 37.1 ± 1.39 22.9 ± 2.64 21.3 ± 2.54 14.0 ± 0.27 12.0 ± 2.29 9.0 ± 0.31 - - F. braunii PS 17.9 ± 1.24 21.3 ± 2.40 15.7 ± 0.50 16.7 ± 1.20 12.2 ± 0.58 10.6 ± 0.42 - - T. pratense+ F. braunii MX 23.9 ± 1.73 23.5 ± 1.37 19.1 ± 1.53 16.0 ± 1.47 11.5 ± 0.51 9.4 ± 0.72 - - LSD0.05 2.93 2.64 n.s.3 ANOVA summary keywords: braunii; content; drought; n.s; pratense; soil; stress; water; yield cache: afs-73282.pdf plain text: afs-73282.txt item: #2206 of 2310 id: afs-7354 author: Parađiković, Nada; Vinkovic, Tomislav; Vinković Vrček, Ivana; Tkalec, Monika title: Natural biostimulants reduce the incidence of BER in sweet yellow pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) date: 2013 words: 6500 flesch: 56 summary: Fast growth of pepper, particularly of that grown in glasshouse, correlates with lower Ca absorption from substrates and its low concentration in pepper fruits (Marcelis and Ho 1999), along with induction of BER. Application of biostimulants significantly increased the Fe content in pepper fruits in both years (Fig. 5). keywords: ber; biostimulants; c b; c en; fruits; lc c; pepper; plants; t c; yield cache: afs-7354.pdf plain text: afs-7354.txt item: #2207 of 2310 id: afs-7355 author: Saastamoinen, Marketta; Pihlava, Juha-Matti; Eurola, Merja; Klemola, Ari; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hietaniemi, Veli title: Yield, SDG lignan, cadmium, lead, oil and protein contents of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivated in trials and at different farm conditions in the south-western part of Finland date: 2013 words: 6708 flesch: 64 summary: Kymäläinen and Sjöberg (2006) have reported, however, almost equally as high cadmium contents, 1.3 mg kg-1 in linseed from Si- untio, in Finlands’ Uusimaa province. The differences in cadmium content between varieties were not high and no significant dif- ferences between varieties were found (Table 3 and 4). keywords: cadmium; contents; finland; food; lead; lignan; linseed; oil; protein; sdg; soil; table; varieties cache: afs-7355.pdf plain text: afs-7355.txt item: #2208 of 2310 id: afs-74369 author: Kokkonen, Tuomo; Salin, Siru; Jaakkola, Seija; Taponen, Juhani; Elo, Kari; Vanhatalo, Aila title: Effects of dietary energy allowance in grass silage-based diets during the dry period on production responses and utilization of body reserves in dairy cows date: 2018 words: 7503 flesch: 59 summary: HEI cows tended to have lighter calves than CON cows, which may have masked some of the difference in maternal weight gain. Effects of dry period energy intake on insulin resistance, metabolic adaptation, and production responses in transition dairy cows on grass silage-based diets. keywords: calving; con; cows; d-1; dairy; effect; energy; et al; hei; intake; period; prepartum; requirements; science; weeks cache: afs-74369.pdf plain text: afs-74369.txt item: #2209 of 2310 id: afs-74372 author: Śmiecińska, Katarzyna; Daszkiewicz, Tomasz; Kubiak, Dorota; Piaskowska, Natalia; Łojewska, Sylwia title: Quality of meat from young crossbred bulls frozen after 14 days of modified atmosphere storage date: 2018 words: 9200 flesch: 63 summary: According to Zakrys-Waliwander et al. (2012), meat storage in MA with high O2 content contributes to greater drip loss, which is associated with increased susceptibility of pro- teins to oxidation. Sensory properties and shear force values The rate and extent of changes in the sensory quality of meat are determined by meat handling before packag- ing, the composition of gas mixture in MA packaging, and the time and method of meat storage (Brewer and No- vakofski 2008, Zakrys et al. 2009, Zhou et al. 2010, Resconi et al. 2012, Vitale et al. 2014). keywords: beef; color; days; et al; freezing; loss; meat; meat samples; meat science; quality; samples; science; storage; values cache: afs-74372.pdf plain text: afs-74372.txt item: #2210 of 2310 id: afs-7448 author: Valkama, Elena; Salo, Tapio; Esala, Martti; Turtola, Eila title: Grain quality and N uptake of spring cereals as affected by nitrogen fertilization in northern conditions: a meta-analysis date: 2013 words: 10808 flesch: 66 summary: The magnitude of N uptake responses depended strongly on N rates as indicated by the weighted meta-regres- sions; it increased more steeply in SA than in MA (Fig. 4). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on grain protein content, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, in relation to estimated moisture supply. keywords: barley; content; fertilizer; grain; ha-1; protein; rates; response; test; uptake; weight; wheat; yield cache: afs-7448.pdf plain text: afs-7448.txt item: #2211 of 2310 id: afs-74582 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Rämö, Sari; Pesonen, Maiju title: Effects of primary growth compared to regrowth grass silage on feed intake, growth performance and carcass traits of growing bulls date: 2018 words: 7874 flesch: 59 summary: The relative intake potential of silage DM (SDMI index) was calcu- lated as described by Huhtanen et al. (2007). Earlier, Steen et al. (1998) examined factors affecting grass silage intake by growing beef steers. keywords: agricultural; bulls; carcass; cut; et al; experiment; feed; grass; grass silage; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage cache: afs-74582.pdf plain text: afs-74582.txt item: #2212 of 2310 id: afs-7498 author: Bøen, Anne; Haraldsen, Trond Knapp title: Meat and bone meal and biosolids as slow-release phosphorus fertilizers date: 2013 words: 8028 flesch: 65 summary: Soil P tests are used for planning the next year’s fertilization and must therefore have a reasonable correlation to P uptake in the following year. The objectives of this study were therefore to evaluate three chemically precipitated biosol- ids and two types of meat and bone meal with regard to: 1) their effects as slow-release P fertilizers; 2) their sec- ond and third season effects on extractable soil P (POlsen and PAL); and 3) the three-year P balance in different soils. keywords: application; biosolids; bone; dbs; ha-1; lime; loam; mbm; meat; season; soil; uptake cache: afs-7498.pdf plain text: afs-7498.txt item: #2213 of 2310 id: afs-7500 author: Rankinen, Katri; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Granlund, Kirsti; Ojanen, Hannu; Laapas, Mikko; Hakala, Kaija; Sippel, Kalle; Helenius, Juha; Forsius, Martin title: Climate change adaptation in arable land use, and impact on nitrogen load at catchment scale in northern agriculture date: 2013 words: 7410 flesch: 56 summary: Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland. 2. Monthly mean temperatures at Lepsämänjoki catchment in the baseline period 1971-2000 and in 2055, based on interpolated projections for the study area from climate change scenarios, calculated as averages of 19 climate models and emission scenarios B1, A1B and A2 (Nakicemovic et al. 2000). keywords: catchment; change; climate; crop; et al; finland; future; land; nutrient; production; rankinen; sediment; spring; use; winter cache: afs-7500.pdf plain text: afs-7500.txt item: #2214 of 2310 id: afs-75125 author: Iso-Touru, Terhi; Pesonen, Maiju; Fischer, Daniel; Huuskonen, Arto; Sironen, Anu title: The effect of CAPN1 and CAST gene variations on meat quality traits in Finnish Aberdeen Angus and Nordic Red Cattle populations date: 2018 words: 3109 flesch: 57 summary: =heterozygote for allele A; BB=homozygote for allele B; sd =standard error; IMF = marbling score; a = redness; b = yellowness AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Iso-Touru et al. (2018) 27: 227–231 230 Conclusions In conclusion, there were differences in NRC in various meat quality traits depending on the genotype individual had for CAST or CAPN1 gene variations, which indicates a possible selection tool for meat quality in this popula- tion. In this study we identified statistical differences between genotypes of CAST and CAPN1 gene variants with meat quality traits in a dairy breed (Nordic Red Cattle) and compared the results with beef breed (Aberdeen Angus). keywords: capn1; cast; cattle; meat; nrc; quality; traits; variations cache: afs-75125.pdf plain text: afs-75125.txt item: #2215 of 2310 id: afs-75600 author: Li, Honghong; Penttinen, Petri; Mikkola, Hannu; Lindström, Kristina title: Advantages of grass-legume mixture for improvement of crop growth and reducing potential nitrogen loss in a boreal climate date: 2019 words: 6936 flesch: 61 summary: Soil N content decreased during the second and third periods (Fig. For example, in a timot- hy-red clover mixture, the grass relies on soil N, whereas the legume is using biologically fixed N, and the uptake of rhizosphere N by the grass stimulates BNF of the legume (Nyfeler et al. 2011). keywords: clover; content; crop; dna; et al; fertilizer; mixture; no3; plots; red; soil; time; timothy; treatment cache: afs-75600.pdf plain text: afs-75600.txt item: #2216 of 2310 id: afs-7629 author: Burgun, Christophe; Lacour, Stephanie; Delacroix, Alain; Descombes, Georges; Doyen, Valérie title: Computing time and energy requirements to assess tractor operational efficiency : application to a plowing operation date: 2013 words: 7670 flesch: 53 summary: Either for the engine or for the trans- mission, each test is based on a set of different running points defined by associating engine speed and torque, -respectively- tractor speed and draft. Whereas engine speed NE and fuel consumption Ch are directly given in engineering units ([RPM], re- spectively [l/h]), the engine torque is expressed in engine load LE keywords: consumption; efficiency; engine; engine speed; field; line; power; speed; time; tractor; working cache: afs-7629.pdf plain text: afs-7629.txt item: #2217 of 2310 id: afs-7676 author: Lola-Luz, Theodora; Hennequart, Franck; Gaffney, Michael title: Enhancement of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) following application of commercial seaweed extracts of the brown seaweed, (Ascophyllum nodosum) date: 2013 words: 5042 flesch: 57 summary: Effects of foliar spraying with marine plant Ascophyllum nodosum extract and nano iron chelate fertiliser on fruit yield and several attributes of eggplant (Solanum melongela L.). There are a number of studies indicating that application of seaweed extracts increases yield of vegetable and fruit crops. keywords: application; cabbage; content; et al; extracts; ha-1; increase; nodosum; plants; seaweed; total; yield cache: afs-7676.pdf plain text: afs-7676.txt item: #2218 of 2310 id: afs-76822 author: Maante-Kuljus, Mariana; Vool, Ele; Mainla, Leila; Starast, Marge; Karp, Kadri title: Berry quality of hybrid grapevine (Vitis) cultivars grown in the field and in a polytunnel date: 2019 words: 5793 flesch: 64 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Maante-Kuljus et al. (2019) 28: 137–144 143 Conclusion Until now, in Estonia, table grape cultivars have been cultivated in tunnels and wine cultivars in the field. Indices of sugar-acidity as ripeness criteria for wine grapes. keywords: berry; cluster; content; cultivars; effect; field; hasanski; sladki; tunnel; weight; zilga cache: afs-76822.pdf plain text: afs-76822.txt item: #2219 of 2310 id: afs-77222 author: Olszewska, Marzenna; Grzegorczyk, Stefan; Bałuch-Małecka, Anna title: The effect of different proportions of Medicago media Pers. in mixtures with Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus on the yield and feed value of green fodder date: 2019 words: 5264 flesch: 65 summary: The share of alfalfa in the yields of mixtures with various proportions of alfalfa (30%, 50%,70%) AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Olszewska et al. (2019) 28: 18–26 21 In the second year of full utilization, mixture yields were determined in the range of 10.78–11.58 Mg ha-1 and were approximately 47% higher relative to the yield of pure-sown Festulolium (Table 2). The mixtures with alfalfa were characterized by high and stable dry matter yields and high protein content, where- as Festulolium significantly increased the content of WSC and improved the WSC:CP ratio. keywords: alfalfa; content; cut; festulolium; mixtures; protein; sown; wsc; yield cache: afs-77222.pdf plain text: afs-77222.txt item: #2220 of 2310 id: afs-77257 author: Heinmaa, Lagle; Põldma, Priit; Mirmajlessi, Seyed Mahyar; Kaldmäe, Hedi; Vangdal, Eivind; Kidmose, Ulla; Bertelsen, Marianne; Lo Scalzo, Roberto; Fibiani, Marta; Moor, Ulvi title: Occurrence of mycotoxin patulin and polyphenol profile of Nordic apple juices in relation to apple cultivation system and pre-processing storage temperature date: 2019 words: 6789 flesch: 53 summary: Based on our results from the year 2015, a similar trend was noticed: 46% of organic apple juices and 33% of conventional apple juices contained patulin. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE L. Heinmaa et al. (2019) 28: 126–136 126 Occurrence of mycotoxin patulin and polyphenol profile of Nordic apple juices in relation to apple cultivation system and pre- processing storage temperature Lagle Heinmaa1, Priit Põldma1, Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi2, Hedi Kaldmäe3, Eivind Vangdal4, Ulla Kidmose5, Marianne Bertelsen5, Roberto Lo Scalzo6, Marta Fibiani6 and Ulvi Moor1 1Chair of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia 2Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium 3Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Polli, Horticultural Research Centre, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Polli, 69108 Mulgi parish, Viljandi county, Estonia 4Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO Ullensvang, NO-5781 Lofthus, Norway 5Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Årslev, Denmark 6Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center of Agro-Industrial and Processing Technologies, (CREA-IAA), via Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy e-mail: lagle.heinmaa@student.emu.ee The aims of this study were to find out if organic apple juice (AJ) contained higher contents of polyphenols or patu- lin compared to conventional AJ, and if higher storage temperature before processing increases patulin content in juice. keywords: apples; content; et al; food; juice; krameri; organic; patulin; polyphenols; storage; talvenauding; temperature; tuviõun cache: afs-77257.pdf plain text: afs-77257.txt item: #2221 of 2310 id: afs-77398 author: Kaukoranta, Timo; Juhanoja, Sirkka; Tuhkanen, Eeva-Maria; Hyvönen, Terho title: Invasion potential of herbaceous ornamental perennials in northern climate conditions date: 2019 words: 8410 flesch: 59 summary: A multi-species experiment in their native range indicates pre- adaptation of invasive alien plant species. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Kaukoranta et al. (2019) 28: 45–57 45 Manuscript received December 2018 Invasion potential of herbaceous ornamental perennials in northern climate conditions Timo Kaukoranta1, Sirkka Juhanoja2, Eeva-Maria Tuhkanen2 and Terho Hyvönen1 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Itäinen pitkäkatu 4 A, 20520 Turku, Finland e-mail: terho.hyvonen@luke.fi Ornamental plants comprise a great share of alien plant species worldwide. keywords: alien; clones; emergence; et al; experiment; field; finland; gardens; greenhouse; invasive; moisture; plant; production; seedling; species cache: afs-77398.pdf plain text: afs-77398.txt item: #2222 of 2310 id: afs-7754 author: None title: afs-7754 date: None words: 11655 flesch: 56 summary: The user-price of LFA land must fall (row 26) to induce land users to absorb the increase in LFA land supply. We obtained data delineating LFA land by NUTS2 region in Poland from IUNG (Institute of Soil Science and Land Cultivation) (MARD 2009). keywords: agricultural; capital; cent; change; gdp; land; lfa; lfa land; model; national; percentage; poland; polish; polterm; real; regional; regions; row; supply; support; table cache: afs-7754.pdf plain text: afs-7754.txt item: #2223 of 2310 id: afs-7781 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Pesonen, Maiju; Kämäräinen, Hilkka; Kauppinen, Risto title: A comparison of purebred Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian × beef breed bulls for beef production and carcass traits date: 2013 words: 7603 flesch: 70 summary: However, increasing carcass weight with the present breed distribution is not desirable, as beef carcasses are al- ready adequately fat or over-fat at existing carcass weights (Herva et al. 2011). However, the current situation is complicated because fatness generally increases with higher carcass weight (Keane and Allen 1998) and, on the other hand, market demand in Scandinavia concerning carcass fat is different from those beef markets where marbled beef is favoured (Herva et al. 2011). keywords: beef; breed; bulls; carcass; fat; hol cache: afs-7781.pdf plain text: afs-7781.txt item: #2224 of 2310 id: afs-7799 author: Vanhatalo, Aila title: Preface date: 2013 words: 1112 flesch: 44 summary: Therefore, the paper on silage microbiology is followed by a comprehensive review of Frank Driehuis summarizing current knowledge about silage and the safety and quality of dairy foods. The Special issue begins with a review of Richard Muck focusing on recent advances in silage microbiology. keywords: dairy; issue; research; silage cache: afs-7799.pdf plain text: afs-7799.txt item: #2225 of 2310 id: afs-78169 author: Kowalska, Iwona; Konieczny, Anna title: Effect of mycorrhiza on yield and quality of lettuce grown on medium with different levels of phosphorus and selenium date: 2019 words: 6065 flesch: 57 summary: The experiment was conducted in three-factor sys- tem and the experimental factors were as follows: inoculation of plant roots with AMF or lack of it (+AMF/–AMF), content of P in the substrate (140 mg dm-3, the optimal level, or 70 mg dm-3) and content of Se (0, 6 or 12 mg dm3). The experiment involving cultivation of red clover demonstrated that sequestration of orobranchol, a sesquiterpene compound, by plant roots was regu- lated by the concentration of P in the root zone and increased under conditions of decreasing concentration of this macroelement in the root zone (Yoneyama et al. 2007). keywords: amf; concentration; content; dm-3; effect; lettuce; mycorrhizal; n.s; phosphorus; plants; selenium; substrate cache: afs-78169.pdf plain text: afs-78169.txt item: #2226 of 2310 id: afs-7887 author: Kettunen, Riitta; Saarnio, Sanna title: Biochar can restrict N2O emissions and the risk of nitrogen leaching from an agricultural soil during the freeze-thaw period date: 2013 words: 3518 flesch: 66 summary: We found that soil amended biochar can significantly diminish the burst of N2O after the soil FT event (by 61% just after FT event) and substantially reduce the risk of NO3-N and NH4 +-N leaching from the agricultural soil. Soil water content and freezing temperature affect freeze-thaw related N2O production in organic soil. keywords: biochar; mesocosms; n2o; nh4; soil; water cache: afs-7887.pdf plain text: afs-7887.txt item: #2227 of 2310 id: afs-7897 author: Olle, Margit; Viršile, Akvile title: The effects of light-emitting diode lighting on greenhouse plant growth and quality date: 2013 words: 7228 flesch: 56 summary: It was offered to enrich red LED light with the spectra of blue fluorescent light (Bula et al. 1991, Yorio et al. 2001, Yorio et al. 2011), how- ever the apparent era of LED researches started, when blue LEDs were introduced to the market. Similar results were obtained, when red LED light was supplemented with blue light form blue fluorescent lamps (Yorio et al. 2001, Yorio et al. 2011). keywords: blue; et al; green; growth; leaf; leds; lettuce; light; lighting; m-2; red; s-1; supplemental; µmol cache: afs-7897.pdf plain text: afs-7897.txt item: #2228 of 2310 id: afs-79329 author: Keskinen, Riikka; Räty, Mari; Kaseva, Janne; Hyväluoma, Jari title: Variations in near-saturated hydraulic conductivity of arable mineral topsoils in south-western and central-eastern Finland date: 2019 words: 8094 flesch: 55 summary: Soil hydraulic conductivity is dynamic by nature, so the spatial and especially temporal variation in measured val- ues may be one order of magnitude or even greater (Elrick and Reynolds 1992, Messing and Jarvis 1993, Hu et al. 2009, Bodner et al. 2013). Soil hydraulic conductivities and their spatial and temporal variations in a Ver- tisol. keywords: conductivity; et al; field; flow; head; hydraulic; infiltration; k(h; measurements; moisture; pressure; science; soil; supply; tillage; water cache: afs-79329.pdf plain text: afs-79329.txt item: #2229 of 2310 id: afs-79458 author: Viškelis, Jonas; Uselis, Nobertas; Liaudanskas, Mindaugas; Lanauskas, Juozas; Bielicki, Pawel; Univer, Toivo; Lepsis, Janis; Kviklys, Darius title: Location effects across northeastern Europe on bioactive compounds in apple fruit date: 2019 words: 5294 flesch: 57 summary: However, studies that measure the influence of apple tree growing location on the internal quality of the fruit (secondary metabolites, phytochemical composition) have not yet been performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the geographical apple-tree growing location on the accumulation of dominant bioactive compounds in apple fruits: phenolics and triterpenes as the most valuable substances for human health. keywords: apple; compounds; estonia; food; phenolic; poland cache: afs-79458.pdf plain text: afs-79458.txt item: #2230 of 2310 id: afs-79500 author: Eriksson, Taina; Halla, Hilkka; Heikkilä, Marikka; Kalliomäki, Helka title: Bridging entrepreneurial competencies and business model innovation: insights on business renewal in the small horticulture businesses in Finland date: 2019 words: 9205 flesch: 42 summary: Entrepreneurial competencies have been recognized to have a connection to the venture performance (Chandler and Jansen 1992, Pukkinen 2018). The framework brings together the stands of literature focusing on entrepreneurial competencies and BM innovation. keywords: bm innovation; business; competencies; competency; entrepreneurs; et al; family; firm; industry; innovation; management; model; new; research; study cache: afs-79500.pdf plain text: afs-79500.txt item: #2231 of 2310 id: afs-79829 author: Rinne, Marketta; Franco, Marcia; Jalava, Taina; Järvenpää, Eila; Kahala, Minna; Blasco, Lucia; Siljander-Rasi, Hilkka; Kuoppala, Kaisa title: Carrot by-product fermentation quality and aerobic spoilage could be modified with silage additives date: 2019 words: 6594 flesch: 59 summary: By-products such as carrot derived feed materials may also have positive effects in feeding of livestock as it is read- ily consumed and is rich in e.g. carotene. Type of raw material and additive effects on the composition and quality of ensiled carrot by-products in Experiment 2 (10 kg fresh matter per bucket) after 21 days in room temperature Carrot with pieces Carrot without pieces SEM p-value Control LAB1 FA Control LAB1 FA R C LAB1 C FA LAB1 FA DM, g kg-1 60 61 75 60 64 75 0.9 0.46 0.17 <0.01 <0.01 Chemical composition, g kg-1 DM Ash 88 87 67 79 78 66 0.7 <0.01 0.47 <0.01 <0.01 CP 72 73 78 71 71 82 0.6 0.95 0.62 <0.01 <0.01 WSC 10 11 394 6 6 245 1.7 <0.01 0.89 <0.01 <0.01 pH 3.60 3.58 3.80 3.73 3.77 3.78 0.012 <0.01 0.73 <0.01 <0.01 Ammonia N, g kg-1 N 29 28 150a 29 28 165a 6.1 0.51 0.82 <0.01 <0.01 Fermentation acids, g kg-1 DM Lactic acid 192 190 2 139 141 6 3.0 <0.01 0.98 <0.01 <0.01 Acetic acid 53.1 52.3 5.9 33.6 35.7 6.4 0.70 <0.01 0.61 <0.01 <0.01 Propionic acid 4.7 4.5 0.9 4.0 4.2 0.9 0.09 0.03 0.92 <0.01 <0.01 Butyric acid 0.34 0.33 0.27 0.33 0.31 0.27 <0.01 0.41 0.14 <0.01 <0.01 Weight loss, % 0.21 0.63 0.25 0.38 0.46 0.13 0.094 0.65 0.03 0.30 <0.01 Yeast1), cfu g-1 <1.0×103 4.8×103 6.1×103 2.8×103 <1.0×103 <1.0×103 1.2×103 0.05 0.42 0.20 0.59 Lactic acid bacteria, cfu g-1 2.0×108 2.2×108 1.8×104 1.5×108 1.1×108 3.1×105 2.7×107 0.06 0.77 <0.01 <0.01 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Rinne et al. (2019) 28: 59–69 67 Discussion The composition of the carrot by-product raw materials was rather well comparable to the reference values for whole carrots (Luke 2019). keywords: acid; carrot; control; ensiling; feed; fermentation; food; lab; products cache: afs-79829.pdf plain text: afs-79829.txt item: #2232 of 2310 id: afs-7991 author: Sevón-Aimonen, Marja-Liisa; Uimari, Pekka title: Heritability of sow longevity and lifetime prolificacy in Finnish Yorkshire and Landrace pigs date: 2013 words: 4051 flesch: 58 summary: The heritability estimates obtained for sow longevity traits in Finnish Yorkshire and Finnish Landrace were similar to those for the reproductive traits, indicating that there is sufficient genetic variation for selection in both breeds. Further, no genetic correlation was found between LPL or TBA and backfat thickness at 100 kg of live weight, which means that backfat thickness cannot be used as an indicator trait of sow longevity. keywords: finnish; landrace; lpl; number; piglets; traits; yorkshire cache: afs-7991.pdf plain text: afs-7991.txt item: #2233 of 2310 id: afs-8007 author: Lehtonen, Heikki Sakari; Irz, Xavier title: Impacts of reducing red meat consumption on agricultural production in Finland date: 2013 words: 8929 flesch: 52 summary: In fact, the simulated change in domestic GHG emissions due to reduced red meat production is even slightly positive (+1%; Fig. 10). AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE H. Lehtonen & X. Irz (2013) 22: 356–370 356 Impacts of reducing red meat consumption on agricultural production in Finland Heikki Lehtonen1 and Xavier Irz1 1)MTT Agrifood Research Finland/Economic Research, Latokartanonkaari 9 00790 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: heikki.lehtonen@mtt.fi This paper summarises the simulated effects on Finnish agricultural production and trade of a 20% decrease in Finn- ish demand for red meat (beef, pork, lamb). keywords: beef; changes; consumption; demand; emissions; finland; food; meat; meatm1; model; production; products; red cache: afs-8007.pdf plain text: afs-8007.txt item: #2234 of 2310 id: afs-8095 author: Anders, Elena; Watzinger, Andrea; Rempt, Franziska; Kitzler, Barbara; Wimmer, Bernhard; Zehetner, Franz; Stahr, Karl; Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie; Soja, Gerhard title: Biochar affects the structure rather than the total biomass of microbial communities in temperate soils date: 2013 words: 12086 flesch: 62 summary: Nutrient dynamics, microbial growth and weed emergence in biochar amended soil are influenced by time since application and reapplication rate. Key words: biochar, PLFAs, soil microbial communities, temperate soil Introduction Biochar is the solid residue obtained after the pyrolysis of organic material under the exclusion of oxygen. keywords: biochar; biomass; content; day; eschenau; et al; experiment; field; greenhouse; kaindorf; nitrogen; plfas; science; soil; traismauer; treatments cache: afs-8095.pdf plain text: afs-8095.txt item: #2235 of 2310 id: afs-8147 author: Mäkinen, Heikki title: Farmers’ managerial thinking and management process effectiveness as factors of financial success on Finnish dairy farms date: 2013 words: 9624 flesch: 49 summary: McBride and Johnson (2006) and Solano et al. (2006) conclude that it is difficult to characterize farm management by basic characteristics of farm operator or proxies like efficiency of financing, solidity of the farm, and success in cattle breeding. Textbooks about farm management focus heavily on production and cost theory to answer questions about resource allocation and optimal input and output mixes. keywords: construct; farm; farmer; farming; management; margin; model; operating; performance; process; profitability; success; thinking; variables cache: afs-8147.pdf plain text: afs-8147.txt item: #2236 of 2310 id: afs-8153 author: Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Niemi, Jarkko K.; Hakala, Kaija; Sipiläinen, Timo title: Do farmers rapidly adapt to past growing conditions by sowing different proportions of early and late maturing cereals and cultivars? date: 2013 words: 6688 flesch: 56 summary: For example, increase in late summer precipita- tion in the preceding year (generally represented as a challenge to harvests of late maturing crops) coincided with increased area of spring barley cultivation in the following year (Fig. 7b) and use of wheat cultivars that matured slightly earlier (r= −0.54, p=0.05). Hakala et al. (2012) demonstrated variability in barley cultivars adapted to northern Euro- pean growing conditions in their response to climatic constraints during different phenological phases. keywords: area; barley; changes; cultivars; cultivation; finland; peltonen; sainio; wheat; year cache: afs-8153.pdf plain text: afs-8153.txt item: #2237 of 2310 id: afs-8155 author: Karer, Jasmin; Wimmer, Bernhard; Zehetner, Franz; Kloss, Stefanie; Soja, Gerhard title: Biochar application to temperate soils: effects on nutrient uptake and crop yield under field conditions date: 2013 words: 9769 flesch: 66 summary: The particular effects of BC application on soil and plant yield, however, are not only dependent on the quality of the BC, but also on the specific soil characteristics (e.g. soil texture, SOM, pH). In their study, maize yield was within the current average yields of this region and hence, Güereña et al. (2013) suggest that specific soil productivity constraints have to be identified before BC application. keywords: application; bc application; biochar; effects; et al; ha-1; ha-1 bc; kg ha-1; maize; nutrient; plant; soil; study; t ha-1; uptake; water; yield cache: afs-8155.pdf plain text: afs-8155.txt item: #2238 of 2310 id: afs-8160 author: Rajala, Ari; Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo title: Slow-release fertilizer to increase grain N content in spring wheat date: 2013 words: 4450 flesch: 66 summary: However, in the literature, various results have been reported for slow- release N fertilizer response; reduced yield, grain N and N uptake (McKenzie et al. 2007), increased yield and re- duced grain N (Beres et al. 2010), and no yield effect, but increased grain N and N recovery (Haderlein et al. 2001). Lower N availability had a relatively small effect on grain yield, but a marked effect on grain N and consequently the potential end-use of the grain lot. keywords: fertilizer; grain; nitrogen; peltonen; release; sainio; wheat; yield cache: afs-8160.pdf plain text: afs-8160.txt item: #2239 of 2310 id: afs-8161 author: Hickey, Mary Clare; French, Padraig; Moloney, Aidan title: The effect of housing on the diurnal behavioural profile of beef heifers date: 2014 words: 3660 flesch: 59 summary: The second objective of this study was to determine if the altered behaviour observed during housing would revert to that of grazing animals post turnout. Animal behaviour was recorded manually outdoors. keywords: animals; behaviour; day; grazing; housing; lying; time cache: afs-8161.pdf plain text: afs-8161.txt item: #2240 of 2310 id: afs-8195 author: Söderström, Mats; Isendahl, Christian; Eriksson, Jan; Araújo, Suzana Romeiro; Rebellato, Lilian; Schaan, Denise Pahl; Stenborg, Per title: Using proximal soil sensors and fuzzy classification for mapping Amazonian Dark Earths date: 2013 words: 7105 flesch: 61 summary: Interpolated maps of soil properties normally used as indicators of ADE soils. ADE soils are rich in archaeological artefacts, nutrients, organic matter and carbon in the very stable form of pyrogenic carbon, also referred to as black carbon or biochar. keywords: ade; area; class; data; eca; field; gamma; horizon; mapping; msa; properties; sensor; soil; values cache: afs-8195.pdf plain text: afs-8195.txt item: #2241 of 2310 id: afs-8230 author: Svecnjak, Zlatko; Jenel, Marina; Bujan, Marija; Vitali, Dubravka; Vedrina Dragojević, Irena title: Trace element concentrations in the grain of wheat cultivars as affected by nitrogen fertilization date: 2013 words: 4745 flesch: 62 summary: Nutritional quality of wheat grain, including its trace element status is of interest for both agronomists and nutritionists. Concentrations of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in wheat grain have received particular attention due to the widespread deficiency of these trace elements in humans (Welch & Graham 2004). keywords: concentrations; cultivars; elements; fertilization; grain; table; trace; wheat cache: afs-8230.pdf plain text: afs-8230.txt item: #2242 of 2310 id: afs-82721 author: Kowalska, Jolanta; Lenart, Andrzej; Roszkowska, Sylwia ; Kowalska, Hanna title: The influence of chokeberry juice and inulin as osmotic-enriching agents in pre-treatment on polyphenols content and sensory quality of dried strawberries date: 2019 words: 6654 flesch: 49 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. Kowalska et al. (2019) 28: 190–199 190 The influence of chokeberry juice and inulin as osmotic-enriching agents in pre-treatment on polyphenols content and sensory quality of dried strawberries Jolanta Kowalska1,3, Andrzej Lenart2,3, Sylwia Roszkowska1,3 and Hanna Kowalska2,3 1Department of Technology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland 2Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland 3Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland e-mail: jolanta_kowalska@sggw.pl The objective of this study was to explain the effect of osmotic dehydration pre-treatment (chokeberry juice or inu- lin) and drying method (microwave-convective drying or freeze-drying) on polyphenols content, antioxidant activity and sensory properties of dried strawberries. keywords: chokeberry; content; drying; food; fruit; inulin; juice; microwave; polyphenols; samples; solution; strawberries cache: afs-82721.pdf plain text: afs-82721.txt item: #2243 of 2310 id: afs-82788 author: Hakala, Kaija title: Climate change and its effects on agricultural production in Finland – research efforts during the past 50 years date: 2020 words: 8394 flesch: 55 summary: The majority of the scientific articles concerning climate change effects on agriculture in Finland were published by the research projects ILMASOPU (Adaptation of Finnish agro-food sector to climate change) led by Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, ADACAPA (Enhancement of adaptive capacity of Finnish agricultural and food sector) led by Helena Kahiluoto and TUPOLEV (Alien pest species in agriculture and horticulture in Finland) led by Terho Hyvönen. The first scientific publications on the effects of climate change on agriculture and forestry in Finland appeared in the early 1980´s. keywords: adaptation; agriculture; climate change; co2; effects; environment; finland; finnish; food; hakala; ipcc; production; research; science; working cache: afs-82788.pdf plain text: afs-82788.txt item: #2244 of 2310 id: afs-83308 author: Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte E; Stoltz, Eva title: Influence of seed treatment with mineral nutrient products on emergence and growth in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) date: 2019 words: 6197 flesch: 64 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Stoltz & A.-C. Wallenhammar (2019) 28: 145–154 145 Influence of seed treatment with mineral nutrient products on emergence and growth in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Eva Stoltz1 and Ann-Charlotte Wallenhammar1,2 1Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, PO Box 271, SE 701 45 Örebro, Sweden 2Swedish Agricultural University, Department of Crop Production Ecology, PO Box 7043, SE-751 07 Uppsala, Sweden e-mail: Ann-Charlotte.Wallenhammar@hushallningssallskapet.se Seed treatment with mineral nutrients in spring oilseed rape (SOR) under cold climatic conditions has the potential to improve the outcome of production. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of mineral nutri- ents applied as seed treatment on germination and growth of roots and biomass in SOR. keywords: bff; emergence; field; growth; mineral; norotec; nutrients; products; seed; table; treatments; yara cache: afs-83308.pdf plain text: afs-83308.txt item: #2245 of 2310 id: afs-83337 author: Romaneckas, Kestutis; Kimbirauskienė, Rasa; Adamavičienė, Aida; Buragiene, Sidona; Sinkevičienė, Aušra; Sarauskis, Egidijus; Jasinskas, Algirdas; Minajeva, Aleksandra title: Impact of sustainable tillage on biophysical properties of Planosol and on faba bean yield date: 2019 words: 7243 flesch: 62 summary: Prior to soil tillage in spring and after sowing, the highest soil penetration resistance was observed in NT plots (Fig. Soil physical properties and earthworms as affected by soil tillage systems, straw and green manure management. keywords: bean; crop; cultivation; et al; faba; penetration; plots; resistance; romaneckas; soil; tillage cache: afs-83337.pdf plain text: afs-83337.txt item: #2246 of 2310 id: afs-83441 author: Kolberg, Dorothee; Børresen, Trond; Riley, Hugh title: Timeliness and traffic intensity in spring fieldwork in Norway: Importance of soil physical properties, persistence of soil degradation, and consequences for cereal yield date: 2020 words: 7879 flesch: 56 summary: In addition, soil penetration resistance was significantly affected by the experimental treatments in July and September. Manuscript received June 2019 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE D. Kolberg et al. (2020) 29: 154–165 155 Earlier studies on effects of traffic intensity on soil physical properties and crop yield in Norway often represented traffic by wheeling under wet conditions in early spring. keywords: effects; et al; fieldwork; intensity; penetration; resistance; soil; sowing; spring; timing; traffic; yield cache: afs-83441.pdf plain text: afs-83441.txt item: #2247 of 2310 id: afs-83442 author: Ferris, Conrad Peter; Jiao, Haopeng; Murray, Stephen; Gordon, Alan; Laidlaw, Scott title: Effect of dairy cow genotype and concentrate feed level on cow performance and enteric methane emissions during grazing date: 2020 words: 7208 flesch: 57 summary: This study was funded by the government of the United Kingdom (UK) as part of a project designed to help im- prove the UK GHG inventory, and was designed to contribute information on emissions from grazing dairy cows, and from dairy cows of different genotypes. Effect of concentrate feed level and cow genotype on methane (CH4) emissions from grazing dairy cows (mean of the three CH4 measurement periods) keywords: ch4; concentrate; cows; crossbred; dairy; emissions; et al; holstein; milk; production; science cache: afs-83442.pdf plain text: afs-83442.txt item: #2248 of 2310 id: afs-83737 author: Romaneckas, Kestutis; Avizienyte, Dovile ; Adamaviciene, Aida; Buragiene, Sidona; Kriauciuniene, Zita; Sarauskis, Egidijus; Kriauciuniene, Zita title: The impact of five long-term contrasting tillage systems on maize productivity parameters date: 2020 words: 7205 flesch: 62 summary: Assessing the effect of soil tillage on crop growth A meta- regression analysis on European crop yields under conservation agriculture. Thus, the future of conservation agriculture (including conservation soil tillage) in Europe, based on the yield response, is optimistic (Kertész and Madarász 2014). keywords: average; canopy; conditions; crop; et al; grain; maize; plots; ploughing; shallow; soil; table; tillage; yield cache: afs-83737.pdf plain text: afs-83737.txt item: #2249 of 2310 id: afs-8411 author: Hanczakowska, Ewa; Swiatkiewicz, Malgorzata title: Legume seeds and rapeseed press cake as substitutes for soybean meal in sow and piglet feed date: 2013 words: 6626 flesch: 70 summary: An adverse effect of pea in piglet feed was found also by Valencia et al. (2008). In yellow lupine we found high protein content (398 g kg-1), higher than that found by Sudzinova et al. (2009), 313 g kg-1 or Martinez-Villaluenga et al. (2006), 370 g kg-1. keywords: content; day; feed; group; lupine; piglets; protein; rapeseed; sows cache: afs-8411.pdf plain text: afs-8411.txt item: #2250 of 2310 id: afs-8431 author: Xie, Zhichun; Fan, Jinshuan; Charlebois, Denis; Roussel, Dominique; Dubé, Claudine; Charles, Marie Thérèse; Khanizadeh, Shahrokh title: Agronomic characteristics and phytochemical profiles of advanced June-bearing strawberry lines for the northern Canadian climate date: 2014 words: 8091 flesch: 57 summary: Effect of storage temperatures on antioxidant capacity and aroma compounds in strawberry fruit. Cultivar based selection and genetic analysis of strawberry fruits with high levels of health promoting compounds. keywords: acid; antioxidant; capacity; chemistry; compounds; content; et al; food; fruits; g−1; journal; phenolic; strawberry; total cache: afs-8431.pdf plain text: afs-8431.txt item: #2251 of 2310 id: afs-84737 author: Seppälä, Arja; Rinne, Marketta; Huuskonen, Arto; Seppälä, Arja title: Efficacy of different additives in ensiling faba bean and field pea based whole crop silages date: 2019 words: 7592 flesch: 58 summary: Heating of high DM silage is a more commonly mentioned risk among farmers than heating of low DM silages. Reasons for that are higher porosity, difficulty to compact sufficiently and higher final temperature of high DM silage compared to low DM si- lage (Wilkinson and Davies 2013). keywords: acid; concentration; crop; ensiling; et al; fbw; fermentation; kg-1; quality; science; seppälä; silage; stability cache: afs-84737.pdf plain text: afs-84737.txt item: #2252 of 2310 id: afs-84790 author: Schmidt, Christoph Stephan; Mrnka, Libor; Frantík, Tomáš; Bárnet, Martin; Vosátka, Miroslav; Baldassarre Švecová, Eva; Baldassarre Švecová, Eva title: Impact of protein hydrolysate biostimulants on growth of barley and wheat and their interaction with symbionts and pathogens date: 2020 words: 11858 flesch: 54 summary: n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. - - wheat n.s. keywords: amf; application; barley; bbch; disease; effect; et al; experiment; field; growth; hydrolysate; level; low; n.s; plant; pot; severity; table; treatments; wheat cache: afs-84790.pdf plain text: afs-84790.txt item: #2253 of 2310 id: afs-85089 author: Savonen, Outi; Kairenius, Piia ; Mäntysaari, Päivi; Stefanski, Tomasz; Pakkasmaa, Juhana ; Rinne, Marketta; Savonen, Outi title: The effects of microcrystalline cellulose as a dietary component for lactating dairy cows date: 2020 words: 8189 flesch: 56 summary: g MCC kg DM-1; 1Significance of linear and quadratic (Quad) effects of MCC inclusion in the diet; 2METAB = metabolizable energy based on tabulated feed values according to Luke (2020); Digestibility of conventional cel- lulose pulp (Saarinen et al. 1959) and dissolving pulp (Näsi 1984) have been found to be high, but information of MCC digestibility in vivo in ruminants was lacking. keywords: cellulose; cows; diet; digestibility; et al; feed; inclusion; intake; mcc; milk; production cache: afs-85089.pdf plain text: afs-85089.txt item: #2254 of 2310 id: afs-85114 author: König, Walter; König, Emilia; Elo, Kari; Vanhatalo, Aila; Jaakkola, Seija title: Effects of sodium nitrite treatment on the fermentation quality of red clover-grass silage harvested at two dry matter concentrations and inoculated with clostridia date: 2019 words: 6472 flesch: 55 summary: The restrictive effect of formic acid on silage lactic acid fermentation and the resulting mi- nor influence on osmolality might explain butyric acid fermentation in FA treated silages. In LDM silage butyric acid was detected only in formic acid-treated silage, and the number of clostridia copies was higher in formic acid-treated than in sodium nitrite treated silage. keywords: acid; clostridia; content; fermentation; herbage; kg-1; könig; ldm; matter; nitrite; quality; silage; sodium; wsc cache: afs-85114.pdf plain text: afs-85114.txt item: #2255 of 2310 id: afs-85141 author: Niemeläinen, Oiva; Hannukkala, Antti; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Hakala, Kaija; Niskanen, Markku; Laine, Antti; Niemeläinen, Oiva title: Increase in perennial forage yields driven by climate change, at Apukka Research Station, Rovaniemi, 1980-2017 date: 2020 words: 8852 flesch: 65 summary: However, during P1 timothy trials were cut slightly later (at hay stage) than the meadow fescue trials (at silage stage). Number of results for the first, second and third year stands of timothy, meadow fescue and tall fescues during study periods P1, P2, P3 and P4 are presented in Table 1. keywords: climate; cut; fescue; meadow; period; study; timothy; year; yield cache: afs-85141.pdf plain text: afs-85141.txt item: #2256 of 2310 id: afs-85221 author: Keres, Indrek; Alaru, Maarika; Eremeev, Viacheslav ; Talgre, Liina; Luik, Anne; Loit, Evelin; KERES, INDREK title: Long-term effect of farming systems on the yield of crop rotation and soil nutrient content date: 2020 words: 7637 flesch: 60 summary: This article discusses the long-term effects of organic and mineral fertilisers on soil P, K and pH level dynamics in organic and conventional farming sys- tems over 10 years. PK-balance in the soil of different treatments Since cover crops and red clover biomass and straw of other crops were not removed from the field, the values of these data were not accounted for in the balance calculation of soil P and K (Table 4 and 5). keywords: conventional; crop; farming; org; plant; soil; system; term; total; treatments; winter; years; yield cache: afs-85221.pdf plain text: afs-85221.txt item: #2257 of 2310 id: afs-8542 author: Haapala, Tapani; Palonen, Pauliina; Korpela, Antti; Ahokas, Jukka title: Feasibility of paper mulches in crop production —a review date: 2014 words: 12013 flesch: 57 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Haapala et al. (2014) 23: 60–79 60 Feasibility of paper mulches in crop production: a review Tapani Haapala1, Pauliina Palonen1, Antti Korpela2 and Jukka Ahokas1 1University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 62, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Helsinki, Finland e-mail: tapani.haapala@helsinki.fi Mulching has become an important practice in modern field production. This article reviews the published research on paper mulches and discusses the opportunity that they offer for solving the problems of the immense use of plastics in agriculture and the associated environmental threat. keywords: black; brown; et al; kraft; kraft paper; m-2; materials; mulch; mulches; mulching; paper; paper mulch; plastic; polyethylene; production; soil; use; weed; yield cache: afs-8542.pdf plain text: afs-8542.txt item: #2258 of 2310 id: afs-8558 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi title: Performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley silage with or without protein supplementation relative to a grass silage-based diet date: 2013 words: 8129 flesch: 61 summary: Effects of replacing grass silage with barley silage in dairy cow diets. In addition, recent advances in plant breeding, agronomic practices and forage conservation technologies are expanding opportunities for these alternative crops (Wallsten 2008) and nowadays small-grain cereals are widely used as whole crop silages for animal feed in temperate climates. keywords: barley; barley silage; bulls; carcass; crop; crop barley; diets; grass; grass silage; huuskonen; protein; science; silage; supplementation cache: afs-8558.pdf plain text: afs-8558.txt item: #2259 of 2310 id: afs-8576 author: Hasperue, Joaquin; Lemoine, María; Chaves, Alicia; Martínez, Gustavo Adolfo title: Effect of time of day for harvest and postharvest treatments on the sugar metabolism of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) date: 2014 words: 6782 flesch: 63 summary: Several reports have shown that treatments that delay the sugar loss (Carlin et al. 1990, Costa et al.2005, Lemoine et al. 2007) or treatments that feed with glucose or sucrose (Nishikawa et al. 2005, Hasperué et al. 2011) can delay postharvest senescence. In- vertases also have been associated with a role as a regulator of the amount of sucrose during senescence (Hurst et al. 1996, Coupe et al. 2003a, McKenzie et al. 2004, Eason et al. 2007). keywords: activity; broccoli; chlorophyll; day; et al; mcp; postharvest; samples; senescence; starch; storage; sucrose; treatments cache: afs-8576.pdf plain text: afs-8576.txt item: #2260 of 2310 id: afs-8577 author: Tomovic, Vladimir Milo; Zlender, Bozidar Anton; Jokanović, Marija Radomir; Tomovic, Mila Svetozar; Sojic, Branislav Vladimir; Skaljac, Snezana Branko; Tasic, Tatjana Aleksandar; Ikonic, Predrag Mirko; Soso, Milena Mladen; Hromis, Nevena Miroslav title: Technological quality and composition of the M. semimembranosus and M. longissimus dorsi from Large White and Landrace Pigs date: 2014 words: 7436 flesch: 65 summary: The results of this study are in accordance with the conclusion of Bendall and Swatland (1988), van Laack et al. (1994), Joo et al. (1999) and Joo et al. (2000a 2000b) that the initial and ultimate pH values were not always a reli- able predictor for ultimate pork quality and its relation to both color and WHC of pork muscle should be more care- fully investigated, although it is evident that pH values are significantly related to both colour and WHC (Table 2). Moreover, other param- eters like: electrical conductivity (Joo et al. 2000a, Lee et al. 2000) or impedance (Swatland 1995) help to identify defects in pork meat quality (Bendall and Swatland 1988, Honikel 1999). keywords: breed; colour; et al; exudative; meat; muscles; pork; quality; science; value cache: afs-8577.pdf plain text: afs-8577.txt item: #2261 of 2310 id: afs-85830 author: Ollikainen, Markku; Lankoski, Jussi; Lötjönen , Sanna; Ollikainen, Markku title: Climate change mitigation and agriculture: measures, costs and policies – A literature review date: 2020 words: 14617 flesch: 50 summary: GHG emission tax, GHG abatement subsidy and GHG emissions trading A GHG tax (carbon tax) and emissions trading impose a price on GHG emissions, while a GHG abatement subsidy provides a reward for a unit of abatement – also providing an efficient price for emissions. J. et al. 2014. keywords: abatement; agriculture; carbon; change; climate; cost; crop; emissions; et al; fertilizer; food; ghg; ghg emissions; instruments; land; livestock; manure; measures; mitigation; policies; policy; potential; production; sequestration; soil; tax; use cache: afs-85830.pdf plain text: afs-85830.txt item: #2262 of 2310 id: afs-8587 author: Kivelä, Jukka; Chen, Lin; Muurinen, Susanna; Kivijärvi, Pirjo; Hintikainen, Veikko; Helenius, Juha title: Effects of meat bone meal as fertilizer on yield and quality of sugar beet and carrot date: 2015 words: 9986 flesch: 65 summary: MBM fertilizers and nutrient analyses of MBM were obtained from the rendering plant Honkajoki Ltd and nutrient analyses of mineral fertilizers from Yara Ltd in Finland. Nitrate content in carrot fertilized by conventional mineral (Conv.) or by MBM fertilizers. keywords: acc; beet; carrot; content; fertilization; fertilizer; good; ha-1; mbm; mineral; root; soil; sugar; table; yield cache: afs-8587.pdf plain text: afs-8587.txt item: #2263 of 2310 id: afs-86811 author: Tiainen, Juha; Hyvönen, Terho; Hagner, Marleena; Huusela-Veistola, Erja; Louhi, Pauliina; Miettinen, Antti; Nieminen, Tiina; Palojärvi, Ansa; Seimola, Tuomas; Taimisto, Pauliina; Virkajärvi, Perttu; Tiainen, Juha title: Biodiversity in intensive and extensive grasslands in Finland: the impacts of spatial and temporal changes of agricultural land use date: 2020 words: 23930 flesch: 56 summary: The long-term changes since the 1930s of the skylark Alauda arvensis follow the availability of grass, either as leys or fallows (Tiainen et al. 2001, Piha et al. 2003, 2007a). AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE J. Tiainen et al. (2020) 29: 68–97 68 Biodiversity in intensive and extensive grasslands in Finland: the impacts of spatial and temporal changes of agricultural land use Juha Tiainen1,2, Terho Hyvönen3, Marleena Hagner3,4, Erja Huusela-Veistola3, Pauliina Louhi5, Antti Miettinen6, Tiina M. Nieminen1, Ansa Palojärvi7, Tuomas Seimola1, Pauliina Taimisto8 and Perttu Virkajärvi8 1 Natural Resources Institute Finland, PL 2, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland 2 Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland 3 Natural Resources Institute Finland, Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland 4 Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, FI-15140 keywords: abundance; agricultural; beetles; biodiversity; cattle; changes; communities; community; dairy; dung; ecosystem; effects; et al; farming; farmland; farms; fauna; field; finland; finnish; food; grasslands; grazing; habitat; impact; leys; management; natural; number; pastures; plant; production; raatikainen; science; science j.; soil; species; study; tiainen; tiainen et; use; vegetation; virkajärvi cache: afs-86811.pdf plain text: afs-86811.txt item: #2264 of 2310 id: afs-8682 author: Kaukoranta, Timo; Näkkilä, Juha; Särkkä, Liisa; Jokinen, Kari title: Effects of lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on energy use and CO2 emissions in high latitude cucumber growing date: 2014 words: 9069 flesch: 66 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Kaukoranta et al. (2014) 23: 220–235 220 Effects of lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on energy use and CO2 emissions in high latitude cucumber growing Timo Kaukoranta, Juha Näkkilä, Liisa Särkkä and Kari Jokinen MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Toivonlinnantie 518, 21500 Piikkiö, Finland e-mail: timo.kaukoranta@mtt.fi Effects of supplemental lighting, semi-closed greenhouse and split-root fertigation on weekly to seasonal heat and electricity use and CO2 emissions in cucumber growing were estimated in Finland. The study provides seasonal information on the effect of technologies used for raising productivity: lighting solutions and intensities, substrates and semi-closed greenhouse. keywords: co2; compartment; emissions; energy; greenhouse; heating; kg-1; lighting; m-2; production; summer; use cache: afs-8682.pdf plain text: afs-8682.txt item: #2265 of 2310 id: afs-86937 author: Morfi, Chrysa; Morfi, Chrysa title: The Wizards of Svalöf : Intellectual property rights and consolidation in the plant breeding industry date: 2020 words: 10536 flesch: 56 summary: Conclusions The aim of the article is to map the evolution of plant breeding industry in Sweden and to provide an assessment of the use of cultivars that have been bred domestically over foreign bred cultivars. The ratio of local varieties in relation to imported varieties is of special significance to Sweden, which has a long history of plant breeding and a challenging climate. keywords: agricultural; breeding; chain; companies; company; crops; food; industry; iprs; market; plant; plant breeding; property; rights; science; seed; sweden; swedish; value; varieties; weibull cache: afs-86937.pdf plain text: afs-86937.txt item: #2266 of 2310 id: afs-87078 author: Fellenberg, María Angélica; Carlos, Félix ; Peña, Iván; Ibáñez , Rodrigo A. ; Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar; Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar title: Oxidative quality and color variation during refrigeration (4 °C) of rainbow trout fillets marinated with different natural antioxidants from oregano, quillaia and rosemary date: 2020 words: 7767 flesch: 49 summary: TBARS values (µg MDA g-1 of fresh tissue), obtained with equivalent dose and with 4% absorption of marinating in the belly flap region (average ± standard error of the mean) Refrigeration time (d) Antioxidants Control Quillay Oregano Romero Synthetic Basal lipid-oxidation 0 0.0755 ± 0.007 0.0719 ± 0.007 0.0827 ± 0.006 0.0611± 0.008 0.0680 ± 0.07 1 0.1222 ± 0.012 0.1186 ± 0.013 0.0970 ± 0.011 0.1114 ± 0.012 0.0755 ± 0.011 2 0.1617 ± 0.015 0.1437 ± 0.014 0.1150 ± 0.015 0.1042 ± 0.015 0.1078 ± 0.014 3 0.1941 ± 0.016a 0.1905 ± 0.017a 0.1402 ± 0.016ab 0.1150 ± 0.015b 0.1402 ± 0.015ab 4 0.2767 ± 0.031a 0.2480 ± 0.030ab 0.2264 ± 0.029ab 0.1473 ± 0.030b 0.1330 ± 0.030b 5 0.3055 ± 0.037a 0.2552 ± 0.035ab 0.2156 ± 0.036ab 0.1468 ± 0.0032b 0.1320 ± 0.036b 6 0.1294 ± 0.040 0.2192 ± 0.038 0.1437 ± 0.41 0.1402 ± 0.043 0.0539 ± 0.042 Lipid-oxidation at an incubation of 37 °C for 30 minutes 0 0.1545 ± 0.006 0.1581 ± 0.008 0.1151 ± 0.007 0.0970 ± 0.007 0.1006 ± 0.008 1 0.3198 ± 0.011a 0.2156 ± 0.012ab 0.1545 ± 0.012ab 0.1330 ± 0.013b 0.1186 ± 0.012b 2 0.5822 ± 0.014a 0.3486 ± 0.012ab 0.2120 ± 0.013b 0.2192 ± 0.012b 0.1150 ± 0.015b 3 0.4708 ± 0.015a 0.5462 ± 0.014a 0.2480 ± 0.014b 0.3162 ± 0.015ab 0.1258 ± 0.015b 4 0.6001 ± 0.030a 0.5534 ± 0.032a 0.4241 ± 0.032ab 0.3701 ± 0.030ab 0.1581 ± 0.030b 5 0.8697 ± 0.035a 0.7259 ± 0.034ab 0.4456 ± 0.033bc 0.3773 ± 0.33bc 0.1366 ± 0.035c 6 0.3306 ± 0.040 0.3773 ± 0.039 0.2839 ± 0.038 0.3162 ± 0.040 0.1437 ± 0.041 Lipid-oxidation at an incubation of 37 °C for 30 minutes with Fe 0 0.8733 ± 0.007a 0.6037 ± 0.007b 0.6289 ± 0.008ab 0.2408 ± 0.007c 0.1006 ± 0.007c 1 1.4878 ± 0.011a 1.4195 ± 0.013a 0.6505 ± 0.012ab 0.3773 ± 0.012b 0.1689 ± 0.011b 2 1.9226 ± 0.013a 1.4626 ± 0.012ab 0.7044 ± 0.012ab 0.5786 ± 0.011ab 0.1150 ± TBARS values (µg MDA g-1 of tissue) obtained with equivalent dose and with 4% absorption of marinade measured in the NQC region (average ± standard error of the mean) Refrigeration time (d) Antioxidants Control Quillay Oregano Romero Synthetic Basal lipid-oxidation 0 0.0647 ± 0.003ab 0.0719 ± 0.004a 0.0722 ± 0.003a 0.0575 ± 0.03b 0.0649 ± 0.004ab 1 0.1078 ± 0.011 0.1222 ± 0.010 0.1294 ± 0.012 0.0970 ± 0.011 0.0975 ± 0.010 2 0.2120 ± 0.025a 0.1725 ± 0.024ab 0.1330 ± 0.025ab 0.1617 ± 0.024ab 0.0755 ± 0.024b 3 0.3019 ± 0.043a 0.2552 ± 0.040ab 0.2336 ± 0.042ab 0.2048 ± 0.044ab 0.1222 ± 0.043b 4 0.4564 ± 0.066 0.3989 ± 0.065 0.2264 ± 0.065 0.2270 ± 0.066 0.1186 ± 0.065 5 0.4564 ± 0.083 keywords: antioxidant; color; control; et al; extract; fillets; food; lipid; oregano; oxidation; quillaia; refrigeration; rosemary; synthetic; treatment cache: afs-87078.pdf plain text: afs-87078.txt item: #2267 of 2310 id: afs-88098 author: Popova, Teodora Lyudmilova; Petkov, Evgeni; Ignatova, Maya; Popova, Teodora Lyudmilova title: Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) meals on the meat quality in broilers date: 2020 words: 7687 flesch: 63 summary: On the other hand, Schiavone et al. (2017) did not find any significant changes in the colour of broiler breast meat either fresh or subjected to 9 days of retail display that were due to the dietary intake of BSF fat. The proximate composition of broiler meat remained unaffected by the inclusion of BSF larvae (Cullere et al. 2019b) or other insect sources such as Tenebrio molitor (Bovera et al. 2016, Dabbou et al. 2019). keywords: acid; breast; broilers; bsf; bsf meal; composition; diet; et al; fatty; fed; group; meal; meat; quality; science; thigh; thigh meat cache: afs-88098.pdf plain text: afs-88098.txt item: #2268 of 2310 id: afs-88257 author: Zabolotnyy, Serhiy; Sipiläinen, Timo; Zabolotnyy, Serhiy title: A comparison of strategies for working capital management of listed food companies from Northern Europe date: 2020 words: 6446 flesch: 45 summary: Indicators of working capital management strategy of a business entity Variable Construction Sub-indicator Impact X1 Current Assets/Total Assets A1 Positive X2 Inventory/Current Assets A1 Negative X3 Accounts receivable/Current Assets A1 Negative X4 Cash and Equivalents/Current Assets A1 Positive X5 Current Liabilities/Total Assets A2 Negative X6 Accounts Payable/Current Liabilities A2 Positive X7 Short-term Debt/Current Liabilities A2 Negative X8 Current Liabilities/Equity A2 Negative Source: authors’ research. 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇(𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋) = � 0𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 < 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 < 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 1𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇(𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋) = � 0𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 < 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 < 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 1𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = � 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟11 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟12 … 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 … … … … … … 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟81 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟82 … 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟8𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 � AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE S. Zabolotnyy & T. Sipiläinen (2020) 29: 239–249 241 where rij = µ (X), i = 1,2,….,8 variables and j = 1,2,…,n – objects. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE S. Zabolotnyy & T. Sipiläinen (2020) 29: 239–249 239 A comparison of strategies for working capital management of listed food companies from Northern Europe Serhiy Zabolotnyy1 and Timo Sipiläinen2 1Department of Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland 2Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, Finland e-mail: serhiy_zabolotnyy@sggw.pl The research presents the application of fuzzy logic for synthetic evaluation of strategies for working capital manage- ment of twelve food companies from Northern Europe in 2005–2015. keywords: assets; capital management; companies; food; food companies; indicator; liabilities; liquidity; strategies; working cache: afs-88257.pdf plain text: afs-88257.txt item: #2269 of 2310 id: afs-8832 author: Lola-Luz, Theodora; Hennequart, Franck; Gaffney, Michael title: Effect on yield, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total isothiocyanate content of two broccoli cultivars (Brassica oleraceae var italica) following the application of a commercial brown seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) date: 2014 words: 5549 flesch: 57 summary: There are a number of studies indicating that application of seaweed extracts increases yield in a variety of crops. Seaweed extracts are mainly applied to crops as root dips, soil drenches or foliar sprays. keywords: application; broccoli; content; effect; et al; extracts; food; ha-1; increase; plants; seaweed; total; yield cache: afs-8832.pdf plain text: afs-8832.txt item: #2270 of 2310 id: afs-8841 author: Nogalska, Anna; Chen, Lin; Sienkiewicz, Stanisław; Nogalski, Zenon title: Meat and bone meal as nitrogen and phosphorus supplier to cereals and oilseed rape date: 2014 words: 5383 flesch: 65 summary: In the treatments, the inputs of N and P depended on MBM rate directly. Every two years 2.0 t MBM+K 4.02a 3.97b 5.40 20.2ab 3.0 t MBM+K 3.70a 4.15b 6.49 22.7b 4.0 t MBM+K 4.03a 3.71ab 6.07 19.0ab 5.0 t MBM+K 4.33a 3.74b 6.74 21.5ab Grain yield of winter wheat was rather good (ranged from 4.08 to 6.74 t ha-1) and increased along with the increase of MBM rate, however, the difference was not significant (p<0.05). keywords: bone; effect; ha-1; mbm; meal; meat; rape; winter; yield cache: afs-8841.pdf plain text: afs-8841.txt item: #2271 of 2310 id: afs-88781 author: Nesheim, Lars; Synnes, Olav Martin ; Steen, Arvid ; Langerud, Anne ; Bakken, Anne Kjersti ; Nesheim, Lars title: Controlling dietary cation-anion differences in forages by chloride fertilisation date: 2020 words: 7725 flesch: 62 summary: The timing of Cl application was not important for the effects on Cl concentration and DCAD in grasses at the first cut (Table 4). It was concluded that Cl fertilisation is a more efficient means of controlling DCAD than sward species composition. keywords: chloride; concentration; dcad; fertilisation; grass; ha-1; kg-1; year cache: afs-88781.pdf plain text: afs-88781.txt item: #2272 of 2310 id: afs-88902 author: Ollikainen, Markku; Kosenius, Anna-Kaisa; Punttila, Eliisa; Ala-Harja, Venla; Puroila, Samuli; Iho, Antti; Ekholm, Petri; Ollikainen, Markku title: Gypsum amendment of arable fields as a water protection measure – farmers’ experience, phosphorus reduction potential and associated costs drawn from a large scale pilot date: 2020 words: 8002 flesch: 50 summary: Farmers’ observations of effects of gypsum amendment on yield, soil and water quality (2017: n=46, 2018: n=43) Effect of gypsum % farmers involved 2017/2018 % farmers providing assessment 2017/2018 % positive effect (out of those who assessed) 2017/2018 Self-estimated assessment experience (mean) * Yield Autumn crops 32.6 / 15.9 32.6 / 11.4 6.7 / 20.0 0.85 Spring crops 84.8 / 81.8 71.7 / 47.7 21.2 / 14.3 1.54 Oil plants 13.0 / 15.9 6.5 / 11.4 33.3 / 20.0 0.74 Legumes 15.2 / 20.5 10.9 / 6.8 20.0 / 0.0 0.58 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE M. Ollikainen et al. (2020) 29: 383–394 383 Gypsum amendment of arable fields as a water protection measure – farmers’ experience, phosphorus reduction potential and associated costs drawn from a large scale pilot 1Markku Ollikainen, 1Anna-Kaisa Kosenius, 1Eliisa Punttila, 1Venla Ala-Harja, 1Samuli Puroila, 2Antti Iho and 3Petri Ekholm 1Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, Finland 2Natural Resources Institute (Luke), Helsinki, Finland 3Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland e-mail: markku.ollikainen@helsinki.fi We organized a large-scale pilot on gypsum amendment of arable fields in southwest Finland, along the River Savijoki to examine its effects on phosphorus loads and aquatic environment, and to assess its feasibility as a water protection measure. keywords: amendment; area; farmers; fields; gypsum; gypsum amendment; phosphorus; pilot; reduction; sea; spreading; water cache: afs-88902.pdf plain text: afs-88902.txt item: #2273 of 2310 id: afs-88904 author: Pignata, Giuseppe; Ertani, Andrea; Casale, Manuela; Piano, Serenella; Nicola, Silvana; Ertani, Andrea title: Mixing fresh-cut baby green and red leaf lettuce from soilless cultivation preserves phytochemical content and safety date: 2020 words: 8162 flesch: 61 summary: In recent years, the use of red leaf lettuce in fresh cut mixes has increased because the consumers consider the pigmentation a positive characteristic (Martínez Sánchez et al. 2012). Total phenolic content Total phenolic (TP) content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, method, with some modifications (Zhan et al. 2009). keywords: acid; content; cut; et al; food; g-1; harvest; leaf; lettuce; life; quality; results cache: afs-88904.pdf plain text: afs-88904.txt item: #2274 of 2310 id: afs-89101 author: Ritvanen, Tiina; Pastell, Helena; Welling, Annikki; Raatikainen, Marja; Ritvanen, Tiina title: The nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of two cricket species - Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus date: 2020 words: 2689 flesch: 58 summary: n=18, except n=9 for cysteine, methionine, tyrosine and tryptophan House cricket Field cricket g 100g-1 mg g-1 protein g 100g-1 mg g-1 protein Alanine 1.35 ± 0.17 83 1.93 ± 0.31 90 Arginine 0.89 ± 0.10 54 1.14 ± 0.10 53 Asparagine + Aspartic acid 1.37 ± 0.17 84 1.97 ± 0.32 92 Cysteine 0.15 ± 0.02 8.9 0.16 ± 0.03 7.4 Glutamine + Glutamic acid 1.98 ± 0.20 120 2.44 ± 0.29 114 Glycine 0.93 ± 0.10 57 1.24 ± 0.18 58 Histidine 0.38 ± 0.04 23 0.52 ± 0.05 24 Isoleucine 0.69 ± 0.07 42 0.92 ± 0.08 43 Leucine 1.22 ± 0.13 75 1.65 ± 0.14 77 Lysine 0.97 ± 0.13 59 1.14 ± 0.15 53 Methionine 0.30 ± 0.03 18 0.35 ± 0.03 16 Phenylalanine 0.63 ± 0.06 39 0.74 ± 0.10 34 Proline 1.00 ± 0.09 61 1.25 ± 0.09 58 Serine 0.68 ± 0.06 42 1.05 ± 0.26 49 High variation of protein content in Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets and closely related insects) is also seen in the reviews by Rumbold and Schlüter (2013) and Kouřimská and Adámková (2016). keywords: conversion; food; nitrogen; protein cache: afs-89101.pdf plain text: afs-89101.txt item: #2275 of 2310 id: afs-89171 author: Orina, Aleksandra; Gavrilova, Olga P.; Gagkaeva, Tatiana; Burkin , Aleksey ; Kononenko, Galina ; Gagkaeva, Tatiana title: The contamination of Fabaceae plants with fungi and mycotoxins date: 2020 words: 7184 flesch: 57 summary: 2. Fungal DNA and mycotoxins contents in legume plant samples with different stem growths. 3. Fungal DNA content in legume plant samples with different (A) life cycles and (B) melliferous capacity. keywords: alternaria; average; cladosporium; content; dna; effect; et al; fungi; fusarium; legumes; mycotoxins; oblast; plants; samples; species; tri cache: afs-89171.pdf plain text: afs-89171.txt item: #2276 of 2310 id: afs-89440 author: Reilas, Tiina; Katila, Terttu; Kosola, Mikko; Virtala, Anna-Maija; Reilas, Tiina title: A registry-based study of declined foaling rates in Finnhorses date: 2020 words: 5511 flesch: 63 summary: Models were performed separately for different book size groups in both periods and adjusted for mare age and mare status group. The proportion of the most fertile mare groups, 2–9-year-olds and foaled mares, decreased by 8.2 and 7.1 percentage points, respectively. keywords: book; foaling; mares; mating; period; rates cache: afs-89440.pdf plain text: afs-89440.txt item: #2277 of 2310 id: afs-89559 author: Saarnio, Sanna; Kettunen, Riitta; Saarnio, Sanna title: Biochar addition affected nutrient leaching and litter decomposition rates in boreal sandy soils date: 2020 words: 6456 flesch: 59 summary: Thus, we hypothesised that biochar addition 1) decreases nutrient (N, P) leaching, especially from soils with low organic matter content, 2) decreases the decomposition rate of new organic litter (just added in soil) and 3) increases soil moisture content albeit with a smaller increase in soils with finer texture and better initial water holding capacity. 2. Mean (+ standard error of mean) mass loss of cellulose, Phleum pratense shoots grown on the control soil and P. pratense shoots grown on biochar amended sandy till (upper, n = 6) and medium fine sand soils (lower, n = 5). keywords: biochar; leaching; litter; nutrient; sandy; soil; total; water cache: afs-89559.pdf plain text: afs-89559.txt item: #2278 of 2310 id: afs-89726 author: Voor, Ivo; Alaru, Maarika ; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Loit, Evelin; Voor, Ivo title: The aftereffect of winter wheat on pea yield, nitrogen surplus and nitrogen use efficiency in different cropping systems date: 2020 words: 6795 flesch: 61 summary: Organic nitrogen storage in mineral soil: Implications for policy and management. The NUE of mineral N treatments (N100 and N150) was 77–78%, which was lower compared with a range 84–90% for the four treatments where mineral fertiliser was not applied . keywords: catch; cropping; crops; field; ha-1; mineral; pea; soil; systems; winter cache: afs-89726.pdf plain text: afs-89726.txt item: #2279 of 2310 id: afs-89813 author: Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi; Jaakkola, Seija; Manni, Katariina; Huuskonen, Arto Kalevi title: Intake, gain and carcass traits of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered diets based on triticale, barley and grass silages date: 2020 words: 9990 flesch: 63 summary: Replacing primary growth GS with whole crop silage affected silage DMI quadratically so that the intake of the mixture of GS and whole crop silages was higher than the mean intake of either forage fed alone (Huhtanen et al. 2007). In meta-analyses, small LWG responses to feed MP indicated that microbial protein and rumen-undegraded protein from high quality forages and energy supplements met the protein re- quirements when growing cattle are fed GS or whole crop silage based diets supplemented with grain (Huuskonen et al. 2014, Huuskonen and Huhtanen 2015). keywords: barley; bulls; carcass; crop; dmi; et al; feeding; huuskonen; intake; kg-1; science; silage cache: afs-89813.pdf plain text: afs-89813.txt item: #2280 of 2310 id: afs-90013 author: Klepeckas, Martynas; Januškaitienė, Irena ; Vagusevičienė, Ilona ; Juknys, Romualdas; Klepeckas, Martynas title: Effects of different sowing time to phenology and yield of winter wheat date: 2020 words: 8599 flesch: 61 summary: Winter wheat yields in the UK: uncertainties in climate and management impacts. The impact of variation in grain number and individual grain weight on winter wheat yield in the high yield potential environment of Ireland. keywords: biržai; crop; data; date; days; et al; grain; kaunas; maturity; model; september; sowing; temperature; time; wheat; winter; yield cache: afs-90013.pdf plain text: afs-90013.txt item: #2281 of 2310 id: afs-90523 author: Pokharel, Kisun; Peippo, Jaana; Li, Meng-Hua; Kantanen, Juha; Pokharel, Kisun title: Functional profiling of the endometrium transcriptome during preimplantation development in Finnsheep, Texel and their F1 crosses date: 2020 words: 12411 flesch: 59 summary: A A A T A A A T T T G C T T T T A A A T A A A T T T G C T T T T keywords: ag c; aggg c; agggg t; c c; c cg; c oxidase; c t; cg t; conceptus; cwt t; cytochrome c; endometrium; et al; expression; g ag; g c; genes; gg c; kerv t; pregnancy; protein; r t; sheep; spencer; t ag; t cell; t g; t gg; t k; t rg; t t; t y; t yg cache: afs-90523.pdf plain text: afs-90523.txt item: #2282 of 2310 id: afs-90687 author: Särkkä, Liisa; Tahvonen, Risto; Särkkä, Liisa title: Control of liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) growth in nursery plants with mulches of Sphagnum moss and blackcurrant stem pieces date: 2020 words: 4220 flesch: 62 summary: Sphagnum 10–20 mm 2.7 ± 4.3 a 5.6 ± 4.4 a Sphagnum 20–40 mm 1.7 ± 4.2 a 2.4 ± 4.3 a Control 51.8 ± 4.5 b 42.8 ± 4.6 b AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE L.E. Särkkä & R. Tahvonen (2020) 29: 250–256 254 A pilot test in 2019 with blackcurrant stem pieces showed that 26% of control pot surfaces in August were covered with liverwort. The prevention rate of liverwort growth in blueberry in July–August was 95–99%, and in October 78–90%, depending on weather conditions; in rhododendron and blackcurrant, it was 90–95%.The control effect was diminished in more decomposed moss. keywords: blackcurrant; blueberry; control; growth; liverwort; moss; plants; pot; sphagnum; surface cache: afs-90687.pdf plain text: afs-90687.txt item: #2283 of 2310 id: afs-90757 author: Kviklys, Darius; Viskelis, Jonas; Lanauskas, Juozas; Uselis, Nobertas; Liaudanskas, Mindaugas; Janulis, Valdimaras; Darius title: Effects of growth control on yield and fruit quality of the apple cultivar ‘Rubin’ date: 2020 words: 5549 flesch: 60 summary: Root pruning is a common practice to reduce fruit tree growth. Fruit tree growth and development. keywords: apple; content; control; fruit; growth; ha-1; pruning; root; tree cache: afs-90757.pdf plain text: afs-90757.txt item: #2284 of 2310 id: afs-90955 author: Stranden, Ismo; Mäntysaari, Esa A.; Stranden, Ismo title: Bpop: an efficient program for estimating base population allele frequencies in single and multiple group structured populations date: 2020 words: 7287 flesch: 62 summary: In the analysis of our data sets, the number of non-zero elements in A11 matrix was 0.97 million, 2.62 million, 3.52 million, and 4.14 million, for the cases of 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 million geno- typed animals, respectively. The required dense matrix products involving (A22 ) -1v were implemented ef- ficiently using sparse submatrices of A-1, where A and A22 are pedigree relationship matrices for all and genotyped animals, respectively. keywords: a22; animals; approach; base; computing; matrix; memory; number; pedigree; population cache: afs-90955.pdf plain text: afs-90955.txt item: #2285 of 2310 id: afs-91504 author: Krasova, Nina; Ozherelieva, Zoya; Galasheva, Anna; Krasova, Nina title: Evaluation of Finnish apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) date: 2020 words: 6977 flesch: 62 summary: Nina Krasova, Zoya Ozherelieva and Anna Galasheva Laboratory of apple cultivars investigation and agronomic practice, Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), 302530, Zhilina, Orel region, Russia e-mail: krasovang@vniispk.ru The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piikkiö, Finland) in order to have good candidates for breeding within the central zone of Russia. Grouping of apple cultivars by fruit size (average fruit weight) was carried out according to the following grada- tion (taking into account the international methodology UPOV Tg/14/5): small = 41–70 g below average = 71–110 g average = 111–150 g above average = 151–200 g large = 201–250 g The appearance and taste of the fruit were evaluated on a 5-point scale and carried out at the time of optimal fruit maturity by a tasting Committee consisting of 7 people. keywords: antonovka; apple; average; cultivars; damage; fruits; level; melba; temperature; winter; ° c cache: afs-91504.pdf plain text: afs-91504.txt item: #2286 of 2310 id: afs-91704 author: Baykalir, Yasin; Simsek, Ulku Gulcihan; Yilmaz, Okkes; Baykalir, Yasin title: Age-related changes in egg yolk composition between conventional and organic table eggs date: 2020 words: 7339 flesch: 61 summary: Total levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3, and ome- ga-6 are higher in organic eggs produced by younger hens. Vitamin K2 levels were higher in the organic eggs (0.23 mg g-1) than in eggs conventionally produced (0.17 mg g-1); however, α-tocopherol was higher in eggs produced conventionally (0.17 mg g-1) than in organic eggs (0.12 mg g-1). keywords: acid; age; cholesterol; composition; eggs; et al; fatty; food; g-1; hens; levels; rearing; science; system; vitamin; weeks cache: afs-91704.pdf plain text: afs-91704.txt item: #2287 of 2310 id: afs-91706 author: Stenberg, Elin; Karlsson, Anders ; Öghren, Camilla ; Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina; Stenberg, Elin title: Carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes in lambs reared indoors, on cultivated pasture, or on semi-natural pasture date: 2020 words: 7421 flesch: 64 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE E. Stenberg et al. (2020) 29: 432–441 432 Carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes in lambs reared indoors, on cultivated pasture, or on semi-natural pasture Elin Stenberg1, Anders H. Karlsson1, Camilla Öhgren2 and Katarina Arvidsson-Segerkvist1 1Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 234, SE-53223 Skara, Sweden 2RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, P.O. Box 5401, SE-40229 Gothenburg, Sweden. e-mail: elin.stenberg@slu.se This study evaluated the effects of different lamb production systems on live weight gain (LWG), carcass quality and meat quality. It has also been shown that feedstuffs and feeding regime can also affect lamb meat quality (Watkins et al. 2013). keywords: carcass; differences; et al; feeding; group; lambs; meat; pasture; production; quality; slaughter; study; weight cache: afs-91706.pdf plain text: afs-91706.txt item: #2288 of 2310 id: afs-92150 author: Rimkus, Egidijus; Maciulyte, Viktorija ; Stonevicius, Edvinas ; Valiukas, Donatas ; Rimkus, Egidijus title: A revised agricultural drought index in Lithuania date: 2020 words: 7146 flesch: 55 summary: In most cases, drought indices are categorized according to the impact they are associated with. For this purpose, analysis of drought indices and their suitability to the climatic conditions of Lithuania was carried out. keywords: air; drought; htc; index; indices; lithuania; precipitation; soil; temperature; tpi cache: afs-92150.pdf plain text: afs-92150.txt item: #2289 of 2310 id: afs-9328 author: Kammann, Claudia I. title: Moving forward from “biochar revolution” to “biochar evolution”: Shaping a promising mitigation tool demands future research efforts date: 2013 words: 1178 flesch: 52 summary: Lately the “biochar idea” gathered speed, attracting considerable research attention: It seems so logical and at- tractive to first withdraw CO2 from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, then to transfer the biomass-C into a re- calcitrant form by pyrolysis (using the products heat and bio-oil), and finally to improve soil fertility and reduce the GHG “costs” of agricultural production by amending soils with biochar (Lehmann 2007, Woolf et al. 2010). However, biochars can be tremendously different, and temperate or boreal soils may respond completely differ- ent compared to tropical soils where the majority of biochar research has been conducted until recently. keywords: biochar; research; soil cache: afs-9328.pdf plain text: afs-9328.txt item: #2290 of 2310 id: afs-9334 author: Manevska-Tasevska, Gordana; Hansson, Helena; Rabinowicz, Ewa title: Input saving possibilities and practices contributing to more efficient beef production in Sweden date: 2014 words: 11775 flesch: 49 summary: Key words: beef farms, distance functions, efficiency, farm accounting data network, Sweden Introduction The beef sector in Sweden is facing challenges to its development. Review of related research and hypotheses about factors associated with the efficiency potential of beef farms Based on the existing literature, the factors influencing the economics of beef systems may be generally classified as: farm structure, capital use and regionalization. keywords: agricultural; analysis; beef; beef production; cattle; costs; efficiency; et al; farms; grazing; input; livestock; manevska; production; region; swedish; tasevska; use cache: afs-9334.pdf plain text: afs-9334.txt item: #2291 of 2310 id: afs-9373 author: Bojnec, Štefan; Fertő, Imre title: Meat export competitiveness of European Union countries on global markets date: 2014 words: 6301 flesch: 46 summary: This indi- cates that EU member states can be or cannot be competitors on global meat product chain markets, depending on the diversification segments of the meat product chain. The improved information system and the new knowledge gained can contribute to better understanding of meat product export competitiveness as essential for decision-making processes in order to improve performance on global markets. keywords: advantage; chain; competitiveness; eu-27; export; indices; markets; meat; member; member states; products; rca>1; states; trade cache: afs-9373.pdf plain text: afs-9373.txt item: #2292 of 2310 id: afs-94478 author: Heikkilä, Anna-Maija title: Preface date: 2020 words: 384 flesch: 44 summary: In this special issue, we look at northern agriculture and climate change through articles addressing the following themes: the methane emissions of dairy cows, challenges to arable farming caused by increasing precipitation, biodiversity degradation interconnected with land use and climate change, an increase in perennial forage yields driven by climate change, measures, costs and policies to mitigate climate change in agriculture, and research on the effects of climate change on agricultural production in Finland. Climate change mitigation efforts should also support other environ- mental aspects, such as reducing nutrient leaches, increasing biodiversity, and the promotion of animal welfare. keywords: climate cache: afs-94478.pdf plain text: afs-94478.txt item: #2293 of 2310 id: afs-9489 author: Morgenstern, Anne; Ekholm, Anders; Scheewe, Petra; Rumpunen, Kimmo title: Changes in content of major phenolic compounds during leaf development of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) date: 2014 words: 7294 flesch: 59 summary: Manuscript received January 2014 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE A. Morgenstern et al. (2014) 23: 207–219 208 In addition to fruits, also sea buckthorn leaves have potential beneficial effects. In animal models an aqueous ex- tract of sea buckthorn leaves has shown adaptogenic properties (Saggu et al. 2007, Saggu and Kumar 2008) and has proven especially efficient for wound healing (Upadhyay et al. 2011), an effect that in part may be attributed to extractable polyphenols (Upadhyay et al. 2010). keywords: analysis; buckthorn; compounds; content; july; leaves; phenolic; sampling; sea; total cache: afs-9489.pdf plain text: afs-9489.txt item: #2294 of 2310 id: afs-94993 author: Perttilä, Sini; Jalava, Taina; Rinne, Marketta; Da Silva Viana, Gabriel; Valaja, Jarmo; Perttilä, Sini title: Apparent and standardised ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in wheat, soybean meal and rapeseed meal for broilers date: 2021 words: 7058 flesch: 56 summary: Key words: poultry, digestibility, ingredient, endogenous secretion Introduction Feed formulation based on the ileal digestibility of amino acids is preferred compared to the apparent total di- gestibility of amino acids (Ravindran et al. 1999, Kadim et al. 2002). In this regard, digestibility of amino acids should be measured at the end of ileum where amino acids from feeds have been completely absorbed (Ten Doeschate et al. 1993, Ravindran et al. 1999). keywords: acids; aid; amino; amino acid; digestibility; et al; feed; ileal; meal; protein; rapeseed meal; science; sid; soybean meal; wheat cache: afs-94993.pdf plain text: afs-94993.txt item: #2295 of 2310 id: afs-95282 author: Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Kaljonen, Minna; Knuuttila, Marja; Niemi, Jyrki ; Saarinen, Merja; Huan-Niemi, Ellen title: The impacts of dietary change in Finland: food system approach date: 2020 words: 7361 flesch: 48 summary: The consumption of different food products changes in the alternative diets; and the calculation of economic im- pacts in Finland are based on changes in the volumes of food products consumed in each diet. Hence, the changes in food consumption represented in euros correspond to the physical changes in the catego- ries of food products consumed in the alternative diets. keywords: change; climate; consumption; diets; finland; food; food products; industry; meat; output; policy; production; products; system cache: afs-95282.pdf plain text: afs-95282.txt item: #2296 of 2310 id: afs-95408 author: de Santiago, Ana ; Garcia-Lopez, Ana Maria; Recena, Ramiro; Moreno, Maria Teresa; Carmona, Eusebio; Delgado, Antonio; Garcia-Lopez, Ana Maria title: Adsorption of humic substances on ferrihydrite affects its use as iron source by plants date: 2020 words: 6880 flesch: 59 summary: Effect of different amounts of humic substances adsorbed on ferrihydrite on the chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD), dry matter (DM) yields, Fe concentration in aerial parts and roots, and the total amount of Fe in aerial parts and roots of lupins and wheat grown on a calcareous growing medium Lupin Wheat Rate† mg C g–1 Fe concentration Total Fe Fe concentration Total Fe SPAD DM aerial parts DM roots Aerial parts Roots Aerial parts Roots SPAD DM aerial parts DM roots Aerial parts Roots Aerial parts Roots Arbitrary units Arbitrary unitsg plant–1 mg kg–1 µg plant–1 g plant–1 mg kg–1 g kg–1 µg plant–1 mg plant–1 0 48.25 1.24 0.67 111 848 138 579 39.50 2.03 1.32 189 3.27 b 391 4.16 b 16 44.00 1.17 0.52 77 756 88 387 40.75 1.89 1.22 170 2.21 b 339 2.77 b 60 47.50 1.32 0.70 131 811 174 596 38.50 1.94 1.04 121 3.42b 226 4.02 b 97 52.25 1.15 0.67 301 1235 306 860 38.25 2.06 1.28 189 7.93 a 390 10.21 a ANOVA NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * NS * Fig. The effect of the highest rate of HS increasing Fe oxides mobilization with lupin was not only ascribed to poorly crystalline Fe oxides since the significant decrease in extractable Fe was only observed with CBD, which is sup- posed to dissolve poorly crystalline and crystalline Fe oxides. keywords: et al; fe oxides; humic; iron; lupin; oxides; plant; rate; santiago; soil; uptake; wheat cache: afs-95408.pdf plain text: afs-95408.txt item: #2297 of 2310 id: afs-95432 author: Jokiniemi, Tapani; Mikkola, Hannu; Hakojärvi, Mikko; Alakukku, Laura; Jokiniemi, Tapani title: Comprehensive model for predicting the fuel consumption in various harvesting methods of grass silage date: 2021 words: 9369 flesch: 59 summary: Key words: fuel consumption, energy efficiency, forage harvesting, windrowing, forage transportation Introduction Energy consumption and energy efficiency have become essential topics in all industry sectors during the recent decades. Fuel consumption in SLFW and CBW methods was measured on the farm 1. keywords: cbw; energy; energy consumption; field; forage; forage harvesting; fuel consumption; harvesting; mass; methods; model; slfw; spfh; tpfh; transportation; width; working cache: afs-95432.pdf plain text: afs-95432.txt item: #2298 of 2310 id: afs-9552 author: Sinclair, Grant; Charest, Christiane; Dalpé, Yolande; Khanizadeh, Shahrokh title: Influence of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on three strawberry cultivars under salty conditions date: 2014 words: 7597 flesch: 56 summary: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts that colonize plant roots and modulate plant growth, while obtaining photosynthetically fixed carbon from their host plants to ensure their own survival. SE < 5%. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE G. Sinclair et al. (2014) 23: 146–158 153 The AMF increased root growth overall (Table 4). keywords: amf; cultivars; growth; mass; mycorrhizal; plant; root; salinity; salt; species; ssc; strawberry cache: afs-9552.pdf plain text: afs-9552.txt item: #2299 of 2310 id: afs-95600 author: Kinnula, Sari; Toivonen, Marjaana; Soinne, Helena; Joona, Juuso; Kivelä, Jukka; Kinnula, Sari title: Effects of mixed pulp mill sludges on crop yields and quality date: 2020 words: 7991 flesch: 60 summary: Pulp mill sludges (PMS) could provide a means to replace fertilisers made using non- renewable resources while adding slowly decomposing organic material to the soil and utilising nutrients from the forest industry. The first hypothesis was that part of the fertilisation could be replaced by pulp mill sludges (PMS) with- out compromising the yield quantity or quality. keywords: cpms; effects; et al; fertilisation; grain; lpms; mill; mill sludges; mineral; paper; pulp; pulp mill; science; sludges; soil; treatment; yields cache: afs-95600.pdf plain text: afs-95600.txt item: #2300 of 2310 id: afs-95603 author: Frondelius, Lilli; Lindeberg, Heli; Pastell, Matti; Frondelius, Lilli title: Recycled manure solids as a bedding material: Udder health, cleanliness and integument alterations of dairy cows in mattress stalls date: 2020 words: 8198 flesch: 59 summary: With RMS bedding cows had less severe integument alterations in tarsal joints (p=0.0031) and their udders were cleaner (p=0.0109) compared to peat. Factor Hind legs Hind quarters Udder β SE p-value β SE p-value β SE p-value Bedding NS NS 0.0109 RMS RMS RMS 0.196 0.375 Peat Peat Peat Ref Study period NS 0.008 1 1 −0.273 0.521 1 2 2 Ref 2 β =generalized linear regression coefficient; Ref = reference AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE L. Frondelius et al. (2020) 29: 420–431 426 the milk samples taken had less than 150000 cells ml-1; 45.4% of the samples in RMS bedding and 43.5% in peat bedding had less than 50000 cells ml-1, and 29.9% and 34.3% 50000–149000 cells ml-1, respectively. keywords: animal; bedding; cows; dairy; et al; group; mastitis; milk; peat; rms; samples; scc; science; study cache: afs-95603.pdf plain text: afs-95603.txt item: #2301 of 2310 id: afs-95617 author: Ben Zaabza, Hafedh; Mäntysaari, Esa A. ; Strandén, Ismo ; Ben Zaabza, Hafedh title: Snp_blup_rel: software for calculating individual animal SNP-BLUP model reliabilities date: 2020 words: 6200 flesch: 60 summary: When both the marker and the pedigree information influence the genomic relationship matrix Gw, it can be written Gw=(1-w)ZZ´+wA22, where w is the RPG proportion, Z is an n by m marker matrix of centered and scaled genotypes, and A22 is the pedigree relationship matrix among the gen- otyped animals. We use MC samples y=1nµ+uG+e, σu 2 σe 2 1 sk �1-2pk� 1 sk �0-2pk� 1 sk �2-2pk� sk=��2pl�1-pl� m l=1 sk=�m2pk�1-pk� y=1nµ+Wu+e, �1n ' R-11n 1n ' R-1W W'R-11n W'R-1W+λΩ-1� � µ� u�� = �1n ' R-1y W'R-1y �, ri 2=1-λ wiCuuwi ' {Gw}ii , y=1nµ+Sv+e, S=��(1-w)Z √wU� v'=�g' gp ' � W=[�(1-w)Z √wIn] g~N(0, Imσu 2) a~N(0, A22σu 2) λ= σe 2 σu 2 Ω= �Im 0 0 keywords: blup; file; genomic; matrix; model; number; option; snp cache: afs-95617.pdf plain text: afs-95617.txt item: #2302 of 2310 id: afs-95620 author: Grigoriev, Sergei; Illarionova, Ksenia ; Shelenga, Tatiana; Grigorev, Sergei title: Hempseeds (Cannabis spp.) as a source of functional food ingredients, prebiotics and phytosterols date: 2020 words: 6511 flesch: 53 summary: In Europe, the area cultivated with industrial hemp (dual-purpose production: seed and stem) increased from 15700 ha in 2013 to 33000 ha in 2016, with a further increase expected, mainly driven by the rising demand for hemp seed (Baldini et al. 2020). Hemp seeds and oil have started to be used in a vari- ety of food products. keywords: accessions; acid; content; dual; feral; fibre; food; hemp; oil; phytol; polysaccharides; ppm; russia; seed cache: afs-95620.pdf plain text: afs-95620.txt item: #2303 of 2310 id: afs-95778 author: Persson, Tomas ; Szulc, Wieslaw; Rutkowska, Beata; Höglind, Mats; Hanslin, Hans Martin; Sæbø, Arne; Persson, Tomas title: Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production under different soil conditions date: 2020 words: 7839 flesch: 56 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE T. Persson et al. (2020) 29: 482–493 482 Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production under different soil conditions 1Tomas Persson, 2 Wieslaw Szulc, 2Beata Rutkowska, 1Mats Höglind, 1Hans Martin Hanslin and 1Arne Sæbø 1Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Særheim, Norway 2Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: tomas.persson@nibio.no Organic amendments can improve grassland productivity. https://doi.org/10.4141/S98-074 Impacts of organic soil amendments on forage grass production underdifferent soil conditions Introduction Materials and methods Experimental locations, and stand establishment and management Organic amendment characteristics and application Soil water-holding capacity Cutting regimes and dry-matter determination Statistical analysis Results Species differences Amendment effects on biomass Soil nutrients and water-holding capacity Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References keywords: amendments; biochar; biomass; content; effects; et al; manure; matter; plant; sand; science; soil; species; særheim; yield cache: afs-95778.pdf plain text: afs-95778.txt item: #2304 of 2310 id: afs-96041 author: Ylinen, Vappu; Mohaibes, Maarit; Peura, Jussi; Valaja, Jarmo; Ylinen, Vappu title: Effects of feed energy and protein level on growth and pelt parameters in blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the late growing-furring period date: 2020 words: 6370 flesch: 62 summary: AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE V. Ylinen et al. (2020) 29: 442–450 442 Effects of feed energy and protein level on growth and pelt parameters in blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the late growing- furring period Vappu Ylinen1, Maarit Mohaibes2, Jussi Peura3 and Jarmo Valaja1 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, Koetilantie 5, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2Kannus Research Farm Luova Oy, Turkistie 6, 69100 Kannus, Finland 3Finnish Fur Breeders Association, Martinkyläntie 48, 01601 Vantaa, Finland e-mail: vappu.ylinen@helsinki.fi The aim of the present study was to determine whether a decrease in feed energy content would prevent extreme body weight (BW) gain and fatness in blue foxes in the late growing-furring period, without compromising pelt qual- ity or pelt size. Key words: fur animal, fatness, pelt size, pelt quality Introduction Finland is the largest producer of blue fox pelt in Europe and one of the largest in the world, with blue fox pelt being the main product of the Finnish fur industry (FiFur 2018). keywords: bcs; body; energy; et al; fat; feed; foxes; pelt; protein; quality; size cache: afs-96041.pdf plain text: afs-96041.txt item: #2305 of 2310 id: afs-97267 author: Białek, Małgorzata; Czauderna, Marian; Zaworski, Kamil; Czauderna, Marian title: Diets enriched in fish and rapeseed oils, carnosic acid, and different chemical forms of selenium affect fatty acid profile in the periintestinal fat and indices of nutritional properties of selected tissues of lambs date: 2020 words: 11404 flesch: 50 summary: The concentrations (µg g-1 PIF) of total cholesterol (TCh), tocopherols and MDA (ng g-1 PIF)1 and values of the PUFA peroxidation index (MDAindex) in the periintestinal fat (PIF) of lambs fed the control and experimental diets Item Additive – CA YSe + CA VISe + CA SEM p-value Group Control CA YSe-CA VISe-CA TCh 72.3c 42.7a 71.8c 53.9b 0.2 0.04 δ-tocopherol (δΤ) 1.48b 1.38b 1.17a 1.17a 0.01 0.02 γ-tocopherol (γΤ) 1.17b 1.17b 0.97a 0.95a 0.01 0.02 α-tocopherol (αΤ) 2.38a 2.45ab 3.20c 2.51b 0.02 0.03 α-tocopheryl acetate (αΤAc) 3.47a 4.50c 4.04b 3.81b 0.02 0.02 Σ(αΤ+αΤAc) 2 5.85a 6.95c 7.24c 6.32b 0.02 0.01 ΣTs 3 8.52a 9.48b 9.38b 8.42a 0.05 0.04 MDA, 5.08d 1.74a 4.50c 3.17b 0.04 0.02 MDAindex 4 0.106c 0.036a 0.080b 0.077b 0.002 0.03 Table 8. The experimental diets with YSe or VISe reduced sums of long-chain polyunsaturated FA in the PIF compared to the control and CA diets. keywords: acid; animal; białek; contents; control; control diet; czauderna; czauderna et; dietary; diets; et al; fatty; index; lambs; pif; science; sfa; table; tissues; tocopherols; vise; yse cache: afs-97267.pdf plain text: afs-97267.txt item: #2306 of 2310 id: afs-97338 author: Demirok Soncu, Eda; Demirok Soncu, Eda title: Protein oxidation and subsequent changes in chicken breast and thigh meats during long-term frozen storage date: 2020 words: 7544 flesch: 57 summary: Effect of thawing and cold storage on frozen chicken thigh meat quality by high-voltage electrostatic field. Results and discussion Evaluating the protein oxidation in chicken breast meat and chicken thigh meat The main pathway for protein carbonylation in meat is known as metal ion-catalyzed oxidation of side chains of some sensitive amino acids such as lysine, threonine, arginine and proline. keywords: breast; chicken; et al; meat; month; oxidation; protein; sample; storage; thigh cache: afs-97338.pdf plain text: afs-97338.txt item: #2307 of 2310 id: afs-98024 author: Pietarinen, Jaakko; Mäki-Tanila, Asko; Pietarinen, Jaakko title: The efficiency of multi-generation selection on maternal traits, with implications for reindeer date: 2020 words: 7088 flesch: 57 summary: + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 � 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝� 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻����𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏1 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 = � 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 � (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 + ( 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎0 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 )/(𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 − 1) 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆����𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 2 = 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 + 1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 − 1 � 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2� + 1 (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 − 1)𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 � 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎0 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒2� 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 1 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 1 4𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 + 1 4𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 + 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻����𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻���� = 1 4 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1)𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 1 2𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) (1 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑) 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1) 2 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 2 = 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃′𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃. 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼�̅�𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹����𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼�̅�𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼�̅�𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 ,𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼�̅�𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 = (1 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑) 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 2/(𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 − 1) and 0.627 Maternal response 2 –0.146 –0.138 0.016 0.041 0.152 0.174 0.275 0.290 20 –0.174 –0.162 –0.002 0.026 0.144 0.164 0.279 0.290 Direct response = 0.1, = 0.3 2 –0.006 –0.069 0.129 0.105 0.215 0.212 0.286 0.293 20 –0.073 –0.128 0.14 0.105 0.235 0.229 0.302 0.309 Maternal response 2 0.169 0.311 0.251 0.344 0.362 0.419 0.474 0.506 20 0.250 0.384 0.241 0.344 0.350 0.405 0.481 0.509 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻���� 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻���� 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻���� 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻���� ,𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻���� 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻���� ,𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻���� 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻����,𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻����, 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻����,𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻����, 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻����,𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻����, 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎2 = 0.3,ℎ𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 0.1 ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎2 = 0.1,ℎ𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 0.3 ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎2 keywords: effects; index; response; selection; � �; � 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡; 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 �; 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 �; 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 �; 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 cache: afs-98024.pdf plain text: afs-98024.txt item: #2308 of 2310 id: afs-99191 author: Shalavina, Ekaterina; Briukhanov, Aleksandr; Luostarinen, Sari; Trifanov, Alexey; Kozlova, Natalia; Vasilev, Eduard; Subbotin, Igor; Shalavina, Ekaterina title: Revision of the total nitrogen and phosphorus content in a cattle manure-based organic fertiliser in North-West Russia date: 2021 words: 5304 flesch: 49 summary: Key words: excretion, animal manure, organic waste, ecology, treatment, nutrients Introduction Cattle manure is a mixture of animal manure, bedding material, and different waters from animal housing, such as washing of feed troughs and manure channels and cleaning of premises. This underlines the need to update the established Rus- sian norms for manure nutrient content according to the current findings. keywords: animal; cattle; content; data; fertiliser; housing; manure; norms; russian; total cache: afs-99191.pdf plain text: afs-99191.txt item: #2309 of 2310 id: afs-99202 author: Regina, Kristiina; Känkänen, Hannu; Singh, Pooja; Regina, Kristiina title: Impacts of green manure on crop yield, nitrogen leaching and nitrous oxide emissions in sandy and clay soil lysimeters date: 2021 words: 6582 flesch: 62 summary: The effect of delaying autumn incorporation of green manure crop on N mineralization and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) performance. Timing incorporation of different green manure crops to minimize the risk of nitrogen leaching. keywords: clover; crop; fertilizer; green; leaching; manure; mineral; soil; spring; treatments; wheat; winter cache: afs-99202.pdf plain text: afs-99202.txt item: #2310 of 2310 id: afs-99409 author: Omer, Zahra Saad; Nadeau, Elisabet ; Stoltz, Eva ; Edin, Eva ; Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte; Omer, Zahra Saad title: Effects of sulphur fertilization in organically cultivated faba bean date: 2020 words: 7099 flesch: 64 summary: (% DM) Total S uptake (kg ha-1) N:S ratio 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 Location (county) ÖG 0.97 a 0.22 b 0.19 b 0.12 bc 18.0 a 2.6 b 30 a 46 a SK – 0.37 a 0.18 b 0.11 c – a 4.0 a 17 b 30 b VG 0.14 c 0.17 c 0.18 b 0.13 b 2.6 c 2.3 b 26 a 21 c ÖR 0.52 b 0.25 b 0.29 a 0.17 a 14.9 b 4.3 a 18 b 25 c p-value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Treatment Untreated 0.57 0.26 0.18 c 0.12 b 11.6 3.0 b 22 33 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 0.53 0.25 0.20 b 0.13 ab 11.4 3.4 b 21 31 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 0.58 0.23 0.22 ab 0.13 ab 13.1 3.1 b 22 29 Kieserite 20 kg S ha-1 0.54 0.24 0.21 ab 0.13 ab 11.9 3.1 b 24 32 Kieserite 40 kg S ha-1 0.50 0.26 0.23 a 0.15 a 11.3 3.7 a 23 28 p-value ns ns <0.001 <0.001 ns < 0.05 ns ns Different letters indicate significant differences between means within a column for the effects of location and treatment according to Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.05). Protein yield (kg ha-1) DM bean (%) Location (county) ÖG-17 5531a 30.7c 1697a 70.9d SK-17 4451b 33.0a 1467b 85.9b VG-17 3943c 31.1bc 957d 75.4c ÖR-17 3080d 31.9b 1256c 87.5a p-value 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Treatment Untreated 4333 31.5 1365 80.0 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 4308 31.6 1358 79.9 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 4227 31.7 1339 79.9 Kieserite 20 kg S ha-1 4265 31.7 1350 79.9 Kieserite 40 kg S ha-1 4122 31.8 1308 80.0 p-value ns ns ns ns Location × Treatment ÖG-17 Untreated 5676a 31.0 1760a 71.1 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 5651a 30.5 1725ab 70.9 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 5265ab 30.5 1605abc 71.0 Kieserite 20 kg S ha-1 5795a 30.7 1777a 70.7 Kieserite 40 kg S ha-1 5266ab 30.7 1615abc 70.7 SK-17 Untreated 4814bc 32.6 1567abcd 85.8 Gypsum 20 kg S ha-1 4490bcd 33.1 1484bcde 85.8 Gypsum 40 kg S ha-1 4480bcd 33.1 1482bcde 85.7 Kieserite 20 kg S keywords: bean; content; faba; gypsum; ha-1; kieserite; sulphur; yield cache: afs-99409.pdf plain text: afs-99409.txt